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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunnytown
Bunnytown
["1 Format","2 Cast","2.1 Puppeteers","2.2 Live-action cast","3 Episodes","4 Production","5 Release","5.1 Broadcast","5.2 Home media","6 Reception","6.1 Critical response","6.2 Accolades","7 References"]
2007 children's television series BunnytownGenreChildren's television seriesCreated byDavid RudmanAdam RudmanTodd HannertDeveloped byThe Walt Disney CompanyDirected byDavid RudmanStarringAlice Dinnean-Vernon Eric Jacobson Mark Jefferis Nigel Plaskitt David Rudman Victoria Willing Mak WilsonOpening themeBunnytownEnding themeIt's a Bunnytown LifeComposersTodd HannertTerry FryerCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons1No. of episodes26ProductionExecutive producersDavid RudmanAdam RudmanTodd HannertProduction locationElstree StudiosCamera setupMulti-cameraRunning time24 minutesProduction companiesSpiffy Pictures Baker Coogan ProductionsOriginal releaseNetworkPlayhouse DisneyReleaseNovember 10, 2007 (2007-11-10) (November 3 in Canada) –November 8, 2008 (2008-11-08) Bunnytown is an American children's television program that aired on Playhouse Disney. It premiered in the United States on November 10, 2007. The series received generally positive reviews from critics. Format The basic format features between ten and twelve segments as follows: A running gag setting up some sort of problem played out in four parts such as bunnies getting ready to race, drumming, etc. For example, the bunnies get ready for a race in the first episode "Hello Bunnies!" but they end up disco dancing in the first part (events with disco balls usually happen in the third part in most episodes), sleeping in the second, flying in the third and finally racing in the fourth part before the ending song but there is a tape at the finish line which flies them back to the start of the race, but they failed again. Red and Fred, a silent comedy-slapstick pratfall team in Peopletown made up of a fat ginger haired man and a smaller, thin dark haired male, played by Ed Gaughan and Andrew Buckley. This is done in the vein of Laurel and Hardy, who have the same style as Red and Fred. On the US broadcast, they are known as "Two Best Friends". Before this scene, a bunny named Bart Bunnytoes travels through an underground tunnel system to reach Peopletown, where he watches the events before leaving. The Adventures of Super-Bunny, created new for Bunnytown follows the format of Little Bad Bunny stealing carrots from Bunnytown, and Super-Bunny comes to the rescue. The Bunnytown Hop, done by a rock-and-roll band inspired by mega groups such as Earth, Wind and Fire. Characters from earlier segments may take part in this song. Super Silly Sports, also held in Peopletown, hosted by Pinky Pinkerton (portrayed by Scottish actress Polly Frame), best known for her wearing a pink Alice band in her blonde bouffant hairdo along with a matching neck scarf and sportsjacket over a white tennis dress, along with pink and white-striped above-the-knee socks. An example of this spoofing of sports contests and their telecasts within is a staring contest between an 11-year-old boy and an Idaho potato (because both of them have "eyes"). Pinky's signature exclamation is "Oh me, oh my!" done multiple times. Just like in the Red and Fred segments, Bart travels through the underground tunnels to watch the events. After the payoff of the running gag, all of the bunnies gather to sing the closing song "It's a Bunnytown Life", followed by a bunny blowing on a party horn. The Bunnytown segments Two Best Friends (Red and Fred) and Super Silly Sports were formerly shown in bumper segments on Disney Junior. Cast The bunny rod puppets (which take up to eight puppeteers to operate with a trigger at the bottom to move their mouths and invisible marionette strings to work from above on all other parts) are made from foam rubber and covered in fake fur. Characters include the many types of characters found in pop culture and storybooks. Included are a king and his court (supposedly the leaders of Bunnytown as they live in a castle), pirates, a superhero bunny, a female bunny who is an astronaut, two cave bunnies and their pet dinosaur, an inventor, a farmer and his helpers and many more. Puppeteers Alice Dinnean-Vernon as Space Bunny, Dino, Edna, Teacher Bunny, Blue Pirate Bunny Eric Jacobson as Super Bunny, Melvin, Green Cave Bunny, Royal Assistant Marvin, Captain Dan Mark Jefferis as Inventor Bunny, Farmer Gramps Nigel Plaskitt as King Bunny, Little Bad Bunny, Green Bunny Pirate David Rudman as Yellow Cave Bunny, Hoppy Funtooth, Blue Bunny Musician Victoria Willing as Louise Mak Wilson as Jester Bunny Live-action cast Andrew Buckley as Red Polly Frame as Pinky Pinkerton Ed Gaughan as Fred Keely Cat-Wells as Millie The Cheerleader Jami Reid-Quarrell as Spot Owen Mulhall as Chef flanders Alanis Peart as Smart Lady Ian Stacey as Fingers Frederico Episodes No.TitleOriginal air date Prod.code US viewers(millions)1"Hello Bunnies"November 10, 2007 (2007-11-10)101N/A Running Gag: Runners - The Runners are getting ready for a race, but they end up disco dancing in the first part, sleeping in the second part and flying in the third before finally running the race in the fourth part. However, there is a rubberband at the end of the finish line which flings them back to the start of the race, but they failed again. Song: Makin' Music in Bunnytown Super Silly Sports: The 3 Clowns Race 2"Bunny Funnies"November 11, 2007 (2007-11-11)102N/A Running Gag: Artistic Bunny trying to start painting an apple, but ends up with a worm going inside an apple as a spaceship in the first part, a fruit dancing bunny in the second The Adventures of Super-Bunny: Bunnytown Carrot Festival 3"Bunny Giggles"November 17, 2007 (2007-11-17)103N/A 4"Barrel Full of Bunnies"November 18, 2007 (2007-11-18)104N/A 5"Bunny Shenanigans"November 24, 2007 (2007-11-24)105N/A 6"Wintertime In Bunnytown"December 1, 2007 (2007-12-01)116N/A 7"Bunny Ha-Ha's"December 8, 2007 (2007-12-08)106N/A 8"Hiya Bunnies"December 15, 2007 (2007-12-15)108N/A 9"Bunny-A-Go-Go"January 5, 2008 (2008-01-05)109N/A 10"G'Day Bunnies"January 19, 2008 (2008-01-19)107N/A 11"Carrot Giving Day"February 9, 2008 (2008-02-09)113N/A 12"Bonkers for Bunnies"February 23, 2008 (2008-02-23)112N/A 13"Bunnytown Pets"March 1, 2008 (2008-03-01)114N/A 14"Bunnytown Fun"March 24, 2008 (2008-03-24)110N/A 15"King Bunny's Birthday"March 25, 2008 (2008-03-25)115N/A 16"Those Wacky Bunnies"March 26, 2008 (2008-03-26)117N/A 17"Bunny Blankie Blues"March 27, 2008 (2008-03-27)118N/A 18"Bunnytown Follies"March 28, 2008 (2008-03-28)111N/A 19"Bunnytown Babbles"April 5, 2008 (2008-04-05)120N/A 20"Bumbling Bunnies"May 24, 2008 (2008-05-24)121N/A Farmer Bunny attempts to grow a flower but it ends up becoming a pizza in the first part, a clock in the second part and a disco dancing ball in the third part before finally becoming a squirting flower in the fourth part. The Adventures of Super Bunny: The Picnic Disaster - Little Bad Bunny strikes again stealing carrots from the picnic of some nearby bunnies when he realizes he forgot his carrot lunch at home in the fridge. Cave Bunnies - The Cave Bunnies' pet dinosaur is feeling dirty so they decide to give him a bath Red and Fred Song: Making Music in Bunnytown (rehashed from episode 1 "Hello Bunnies") Super Silly Sports: The Tortoise and the Hare Race King Bunny the 4th's Crazy Castle - Royal Rap 21"Bunnies Bunnies Bunnies"June 21, 2008 (2008-06-21)119N/A 22"Groovy Bunnies"July 5, 2008 (2008-07-05)122N/A 23"Bunny-A-Rama"August 16, 2008 (2008-08-16)125N/A 24"What a Bunnytown Hoot"September 27, 2008 (2008-09-27)124N/A 25"Bunnytown Chuckles"October 18, 2008 (2008-10-18)123N/A 26"Get Fit, Bunnytown"November 8, 2008 (2008-11-08)126N/A Production Bunnytown was created by David Rudman, his brother Adam, and Todd Hannert, under their Spiffy Pictures television production-channel company. The show was produced at Elstree Studios. Release Broadcast Bunnytown premiered in Canada on November 3, 2007. It aired in the United States on November 10, 2007. The series was released in the United Kingdom on the Playhouse Disney channel on January 13, 2008, a sublet of pay-broadcaster Family Channel. In France, it began airing on January 27, 2008, and kept its original title Bunnytown. The series ran for one season and twenty-six episodes total, which finished its run on November 8, 2008. Home media The show was released in DVD on March 17, 2009. The Bunnytown shorts were made available to stream on DisneyNow. Disney-ABC Television Group later released the series on Hulu. Reception Critical response Mike Hale of The New York Times wrote, "What you do get on screen is a fast-moving variety-show and sketch-comedy format that alternates elaborate silly jokes with musical numbers in which the bunnies grab guitars and crank out generic but bouncy R&B-inflected power pop. (If you had access to those press notes, you too could say, “Ah, they are trying to sound like Earth, Wind & Fire.”) It all seems sufficiently safe and diverting to serve as a surrogate baby sitter, while perhaps just strange enough to appeal to hung-over adult hipsters." Marilyn Moss of Associated Press described Bunnytown as "very colorful and fast-moving for the youngest set," writing, "Bunnytown is a musical bonanza for preschoolers. If the music is not original (its sound resembles the jingles of many other preschooler shows), that’s not a problem for this venture. The animation is lively enough to overcome anything else." Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media gave Bunnytown a grade of three out of five stars and complimented the depiction of positive messages, asserting, "The energetic series promotes animation and exposes preschoolers to a range of musical styles, including disco, country, piano, and light opera. Lyrics or dialogue very occasionally include repetitive counting or other simple skills, but on the whole, entertainment outweighs educational content." Accolades Bunnytown was nominated for Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction/Set Decoration/Scenic Design at the 2008 Daytime Emmy Awards. References ^ a b c d e f g "Bunnytown". Broadcast. November 1, 2007. Retrieved 2023-09-06. ^ a b c d e f g "Bunnytown (2007)". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 2023-09-06. ^ Rinaldi, Giancarlo (November 6, 2007). "Actress lands dream Disney role". BBC News. Retrieved 2023-09-06. ^ "Bunnytown – Episode list". iTunes. 10 November 2007. Retrieved 2015-07-18. ^ "Public Catalog - Copyright Catalog (1978 to present) - Basic Search ". United States Copyright Office. ^ Calder, Kate (January 1, 2008). "Spiffy gets on the map with Bunnytown". Kidscreen. Retrieved 2023-09-06. ^ Byrne, Bridget (December 28, 2007). "'Bunnytown' mixes learning, laughs". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-09-06. ^ Fitzsimmons, Caitlin (November 21, 2007). "Disney Channel invests in UK talent". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-09-06. ^ "Bunnytown Season 1 Episodes". TVGuide. Retrieved 2023-09-06. ^ "Bunnytown: Hello Bunnies". Amazon.com. Retrieved September 6, 2023. ^ "Watch Bunnytown TV Show | Disney Junior on DisneyNOW". DisneyNow. Retrieved 2023-09-06. ^ McLean, Tom (March 3, 2015). "Hulu Nets SVOD Exclusive for Disney's 'Doc,' 'Bunnytown". Animation Magazine. Retrieved 2023-09-06. ^ Jarvey, Natalie (March 3, 2015). "Hulu Adds 'Doc McStuffins' in Exclusive Disney Junior Deal". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2023-09-06. ^ Hale, Mike (November 9, 2007). "Bunnies Who Not Only Hop but Are Also Hip (Alas, the Humans Are Hapless)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-09-06. ^ Moss, Marilyn; Press, Associated (November 8, 2007). "Bunnytown". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2023-09-06. ^ Ashby, Emily. "Bunnytown TV Review | Common Sense Media". Common Sense Media. Retrieved 2023-09-06. ^ Variety Staff (April 30, 2008). "Daytime Emmys nominations". Variety. Retrieved 2023-09-06. ^ BWW News Desk (April 30, 2008). "Daytime Emmy Nominations Announced!". BroadwayWorld. Retrieved 2023-09-06. vteDisney Junior original programmingFull-length seriesCurrentOriginal Ariel Firebuds Mickey Mouse Funhouse Pupstruction Spidey and His Amazing Friends SuperKitties Star Wars: Young Jedi Adventures Acquired Bluey Dino Ranch Kiya & the Kimoja Heroes PJ Masks Rerunning Doc McStuffins Mickey Mouse Clubhouse Mickey Mouse Mixed-Up Adventures Muppet Babies Puppy Dog Pals Sofia the First T.O.T.S. FormerOriginal Alice's Wonderland Bakery Bear in the Big Blue House The Book of Pooh Bunnytown The Chicken Squad Elena of Avalor Eureka! Fancy Nancy Goldie & Bear Handy Manny Henry Hugglemonster Higglytown Heroes Imagination Movers Jake and the Never Land Pirates JoJo's Circus Johnny and the Sprites Jungle Junction The Lion Guard Little Einsteins Mickey Mouse Clubhouse Miles from Tomorrowland Mira, Royal Detective My Friends Tigger & Pooh Out of the Box PB&J Otter The Rocketeer Rolie Polie Olie Sheriff Callie's Wild West Special Agent Oso Stanley Vampirina Acquired Babar and the Adventures of Badou Charlie and Lola Chuggington Gigantosaurus The Hive Kate & Mim-Mim The Koala Brothers Madeline Octonauts P. King Duckling Pikwik Pack This is Daniel Cook. This is Emily Yeung. Tinga Tinga Tales Short seriesCurrent Disney Junior Music: Nursery Rhymes Disney Junior Music: Ready for Preschool Me & Mickey Minnie's Bow-Toons Playdate with Winnie the Pooh Former Can You Teach My Alligator Manners? Choo Choo Soul Dance-a-Lot Robot Happy Monster Band Marvel Super Hero Adventures Nina Needs to Go! Ooh, Aah & You Small Potatoes Tasty Time with ZeFronk Timmy Time Whisker Haven See also Disney Junior block programming Disney Junior – Live on Stage! Disney Television Animation Disney Channel Disney XD Soapnet Category
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Playhouse Disney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playhouse_Disney"}],"text":"Bunnytown is an American children's television program that aired on Playhouse Disney. It premiered in the United States on November 10, 2007. The series received generally positive reviews from critics.","title":"Bunnytown"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Laurel and Hardy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy"},{"link_name":"Earth, Wind and Fire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth,_Wind_and_Fire"},{"link_name":"Polly Frame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polly_Frame"},{"link_name":"Alice band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_band"},{"link_name":"bouffant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouffant"},{"link_name":"sportsjacket","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportsjacket"},{"link_name":"party horn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_horn"},{"link_name":"Disney Junior","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Junior"}],"text":"The basic format features between ten and twelve segments as follows:A running gag setting up some sort of problem played out in four parts such as bunnies getting ready to race, drumming, etc. For example, the bunnies get ready for a race in the first episode \"Hello Bunnies!\" but they end up disco dancing in the first part (events with disco balls usually happen in the third part in most episodes), sleeping in the second, flying in the third and finally racing in the fourth part before the ending song but there is a tape at the finish line which flies them back to the start of the race, but they failed again.\nRed and Fred, a silent comedy-slapstick pratfall team in Peopletown made up of a fat ginger haired man and a smaller, thin dark haired male, played by Ed Gaughan and Andrew Buckley. This is done in the vein of Laurel and Hardy, who have the same style as Red and Fred. On the US broadcast, they are known as \"Two Best Friends\". Before this scene, a bunny named Bart Bunnytoes travels through an underground tunnel system to reach Peopletown, where he watches the events before leaving.\nThe Adventures of Super-Bunny, created new for Bunnytown follows the format of Little Bad Bunny stealing carrots from Bunnytown, and Super-Bunny comes to the rescue.\nThe Bunnytown Hop, done by a rock-and-roll band inspired by mega groups such as Earth, Wind and Fire. Characters from earlier segments may take part in this song.\nSuper Silly Sports, also held in Peopletown, hosted by Pinky Pinkerton (portrayed by Scottish actress Polly Frame), best known for her wearing a pink Alice band in her blonde bouffant hairdo along with a matching neck scarf and sportsjacket over a white tennis dress, along with pink and white-striped above-the-knee socks. An example of this spoofing of sports contests and their telecasts within is a staring contest between an 11-year-old boy and an Idaho potato (because both of them have \"eyes\"). Pinky's signature exclamation is \"Oh me, oh my!\" done multiple times. Just like in the Red and Fred segments, Bart travels through the underground tunnels to watch the events.\nAfter the payoff of the running gag, all of the bunnies gather to sing the closing song \"It's a Bunnytown Life\", followed by a bunny blowing on a party horn.\nThe Bunnytown segments Two Best Friends (Red and Fred) and Super Silly Sports were formerly shown in bumper segments on Disney Junior.","title":"Format"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"rod puppets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_puppets"},{"link_name":"marionette","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marionette"},{"link_name":"dinosaur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur"}],"text":"The bunny rod puppets (which take up to eight puppeteers to operate with a trigger at the bottom to move their mouths and invisible marionette strings to work from above on all other parts) are made from foam rubber and covered in fake fur.Characters include the many types of characters found in pop culture and storybooks. Included are a king and his court (supposedly the leaders of Bunnytown as they live in a castle), pirates, a superhero bunny, a female bunny who is an astronaut, two cave bunnies and their pet dinosaur, an inventor, a farmer and his helpers and many more.","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alice Dinnean-Vernon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Dinnean"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"Eric Jacobson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Jacobson"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"Nigel Plaskitt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Plaskitt"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"David Rudman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rudman"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"Victoria Willing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Willing"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"Mak Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mak_Wilson"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"}],"sub_title":"Puppeteers","text":"Alice Dinnean-Vernon[1] as Space Bunny, Dino, Edna, Teacher Bunny, Blue Pirate Bunny\nEric Jacobson[1] as Super Bunny, Melvin, Green Cave Bunny, Royal Assistant Marvin, Captain Dan\nMark Jefferis[1] as Inventor Bunny, Farmer Gramps\nNigel Plaskitt[1] as King Bunny, Little Bad Bunny, Green Bunny Pirate\nDavid Rudman[1] as Yellow Cave Bunny, Hoppy Funtooth, Blue Bunny Musician\nVictoria Willing[1] as Louise\nMak Wilson[1] as Jester Bunny","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"Polly Frame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polly_Frame"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Ed Gaughan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Gaughan"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"Jami Reid-Quarrell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami_Reid-Quarrell"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"}],"sub_title":"Live-action cast","text":"Andrew Buckley as Red[2]\nPolly Frame as Pinky Pinkerton[3]\nEd Gaughan as Fred[2]\nKeely Cat-Wells as Millie The Cheerleader[2]\nJami Reid-Quarrell as Spot[2]\nOwen Mulhall as Chef flanders[2]\nAlanis Peart as Smart Lady[2]\nIan Stacey as Fingers Frederico[2]","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"David Rudman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rudman"},{"link_name":"Spiffy Pictures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiffy_Pictures"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Elstree Studios","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elstree_Studios_(Shenley_Road)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Bunnytown was created by David Rudman, his brother Adam, and Todd Hannert, under their Spiffy Pictures television production-channel company.[6] The show was produced at Elstree Studios.[7][8]","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Release"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Family Channel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_Channel_(Canadian_TV_network)"}],"sub_title":"Broadcast","text":"Bunnytown premiered in Canada on November 3, 2007. It aired in the United States on November 10, 2007.[9] The series was released in the United Kingdom on the Playhouse Disney channel on January 13, 2008, a sublet of pay-broadcaster Family Channel. In France, it began airing on January 27, 2008, and kept its original title Bunnytown. The series ran for one season and twenty-six episodes total, which finished its run on November 8, 2008.","title":"Release"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"DVD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"DisneyNow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DisneyNow"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Disney-ABC Television Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney-ABC_Television_Group"},{"link_name":"Hulu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulu"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"sub_title":"Home media","text":"The show was released in DVD on March 17, 2009.[10] The Bunnytown shorts were made available to stream on DisneyNow.[11] Disney-ABC Television Group later released the series on Hulu.[12][13]","title":"Release"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The New York Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Associated Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Common Sense Media","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Sense_Media"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"sub_title":"Critical response","text":"Mike Hale of The New York Times wrote, \"What you do get on screen is a fast-moving variety-show and sketch-comedy format that alternates elaborate silly jokes with musical numbers in which the bunnies grab guitars and crank out generic but bouncy R&B-inflected power pop. (If you had access to those press notes, you too could say, “Ah, they are trying to sound like Earth, Wind & Fire.”) It all seems sufficiently safe and diverting to serve as a surrogate baby sitter, while perhaps just strange enough to appeal to hung-over adult hipsters.\"[14] Marilyn Moss of Associated Press described Bunnytown as \"very colorful and fast-moving for the youngest set,\" writing, \"Bunnytown is a musical bonanza for preschoolers. If the music is not original (its sound resembles the jingles of many other preschooler shows), that’s not a problem for this venture. The animation is lively enough to overcome anything else.\"[15] Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media gave Bunnytown a grade of three out of five stars and complimented the depiction of positive messages, asserting, \"The energetic series promotes animation and exposes preschoolers to a range of musical styles, including disco, country, piano, and light opera. Lyrics or dialogue very occasionally include repetitive counting or other simple skills, but on the whole, entertainment outweighs educational content.\"[16]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Daytime Emmy Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Awards"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"sub_title":"Accolades","text":"Bunnytown was nominated for Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction/Set Decoration/Scenic Design at the 2008 Daytime Emmy Awards.[17][18]","title":"Reception"}]
[]
null
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Retrieved 2015-07-18.","urls":[{"url":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/bunnytown-season-1/id266203436","url_text":"\"Bunnytown – Episode list\""}]},{"reference":"\"Public Catalog - Copyright Catalog (1978 to present) - Basic Search [search: \"Bunnytown\"]\". United States Copyright Office.","urls":[{"url":"http://cocatalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&PAGE=First","url_text":"\"Public Catalog - Copyright Catalog (1978 to present) - Basic Search [search: \"Bunnytown\"]\""}]},{"reference":"Calder, Kate (January 1, 2008). \"Spiffy gets on the map with Bunnytown\". Kidscreen. Retrieved 2023-09-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://kidscreen.com/2008/01/01/hottalent-20080101/","url_text":"\"Spiffy gets on the map with Bunnytown\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidscreen","url_text":"Kidscreen"}]},{"reference":"Byrne, Bridget (December 28, 2007). \"'Bunnytown' mixes learning, laughs\". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-09-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-dec-28-et-bunnytown28-story.html","url_text":"\"'Bunnytown' mixes learning, laughs\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times","url_text":"Los Angeles Times"}]},{"reference":"Fitzsimmons, Caitlin (November 21, 2007). \"Disney Channel invests in UK talent\". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-09-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/nov/21/television","url_text":"\"Disney Channel invests in UK talent\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077","url_text":"0261-3077"}]},{"reference":"\"Bunnytown Season 1 Episodes\". TVGuide. Retrieved 2023-09-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/bunnytown/episodes-season-1/1030431079/","url_text":"\"Bunnytown Season 1 Episodes\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVGuide","url_text":"TVGuide"}]},{"reference":"\"Bunnytown: Hello Bunnies\". Amazon.com. Retrieved September 6, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/Bunnytown-Hello-Bunnies-Bunny-Town/dp/B001NRY6MC","url_text":"\"Bunnytown: Hello Bunnies\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon.com","url_text":"Amazon.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Watch Bunnytown TV Show | Disney Junior on DisneyNOW\". DisneyNow. Retrieved 2023-09-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://disneynow.go.com/shows/bunnytown","url_text":"\"Watch Bunnytown TV Show | Disney Junior on DisneyNOW\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DisneyNow","url_text":"DisneyNow"}]},{"reference":"McLean, Tom (March 3, 2015). \"Hulu Nets SVOD Exclusive for Disney's 'Doc,' 'Bunnytown\". Animation Magazine. Retrieved 2023-09-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.animationmagazine.net/2015/03/hulu-nets-svod-exclusive-for-disneys-doc-bunnytown/","url_text":"\"Hulu Nets SVOD Exclusive for Disney's 'Doc,' 'Bunnytown\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation_Magazine","url_text":"Animation Magazine"}]},{"reference":"Jarvey, Natalie (March 3, 2015). \"Hulu Adds 'Doc McStuffins' in Exclusive Disney Junior Deal\". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2023-09-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/hulu-adds-doc-mcstuffins-disney-778876/","url_text":"\"Hulu Adds 'Doc McStuffins' in Exclusive Disney Junior Deal\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter","url_text":"The Hollywood Reporter"}]},{"reference":"Hale, Mike (November 9, 2007). \"Bunnies Who Not Only Hop but Are Also Hip (Alas, the Humans Are Hapless)\". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-09-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/09/arts/television/09bunn.html","url_text":"\"Bunnies Who Not Only Hop but Are Also Hip (Alas, the Humans Are Hapless)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"}]},{"reference":"Moss, Marilyn; Press, Associated (November 8, 2007). \"Bunnytown\". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2023-09-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/bunnytown-158621/","url_text":"\"Bunnytown\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter","url_text":"The Hollywood Reporter"}]},{"reference":"Ashby, Emily. \"Bunnytown TV Review | Common Sense Media\". Common Sense Media. Retrieved 2023-09-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/tv-reviews/bunnytown","url_text":"\"Bunnytown TV Review | Common Sense Media\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Sense_Media","url_text":"Common Sense Media"}]},{"reference":"Variety Staff (April 30, 2008). \"Daytime Emmys nominations\". Variety. Retrieved 2023-09-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://variety.com/2008/film/awards/daytime-emmys-nominations-1117984862/","url_text":"\"Daytime Emmys nominations\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(magazine)","url_text":"Variety"}]},{"reference":"BWW News Desk (April 30, 2008). \"Daytime Emmy Nominations Announced!\". BroadwayWorld. Retrieved 2023-09-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Daytime-Emmy-Nominations-Announced-20080430","url_text":"\"Daytime Emmy Nominations Announced!\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BroadwayWorld","url_text":"BroadwayWorld"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplonis_striata
Striated starling
["1 Taxonomy","2 References"]
Species of bird Striated starling Illustration by John Latham (1781) Conservation status Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae Genus: Aplonis Species: A. striata Binomial name Aplonis striata(Gmelin, JF, 1788) The striated starling (Aplonis striata) is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is endemic to New Caledonia. Taxonomy The striated starling was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the rollers in the genus Coracias and coined the binomial name Coracias striata. The specific epithet is from Latin striatus meaning "striated". Gmelin based his account on the "Blue-striped roller" that had been described and illustrated in 1781 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his book A General Synopsis of Birds. The striated starling is now placed in the genus Aplonis that was introduced in 1836 by John Gould. Two subspecies are recognised: A. s. striata (Gmelin, JF, 1788) – Grande Terre and Ile des Pinss (New Caledonia) A. s. atronitens Gray, GR, 1859 – Ouvéa, Lifou and Maré (Loyalty Islands) References ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Aplonis striata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22710508A131957524. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22710508A131957524.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021. ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1788). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 381. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 367. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. ^ Latham, John (1781). A General Synopsis of Birds. Vol. 1, Part 1. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 414; Plate 16. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Nuthatches, Wallcreeper, treecreepers, mockingbirds, starlings, oxpeckers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 13 August 2023. Taxon identifiersAplonis striata Wikidata: Q3315569 Wikispecies: Aplonis striata BirdLife: 22710508 BOW: strsta1 CoL: FPJQ eBird: strsta1 EoL: 1051014 GBIF: 2489037 iNaturalist: 14966 IRMNG: 10218158 ITIS: 558726 IUCN: 22710508 NCBI: 3018375 Observation.org: 76353 Open Tree of Life: 3598575 Xeno-canto: Aplonis-striata This Sturnidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
null
[{"reference":"BirdLife International (2018). \"Aplonis striata\". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22710508A131957524. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22710508A131957524.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22710508/131957524","url_text":"\"Aplonis striata\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List","url_text":"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22710508A131957524.en","url_text":"10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22710508A131957524.en"}]},{"reference":"Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1788). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 381.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Gmelin","url_text":"Gmelin, Johann Friedrich"},{"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2896981","url_text":"Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis"}]},{"reference":"Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 367. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n367/mode/1up","url_text":"The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-2501-4","url_text":"978-1-4081-2501-4"}]},{"reference":"Latham, John (1781). A General Synopsis of Birds. Vol. 1, Part 1. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 414; Plate 16.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Latham_(ornithologist)","url_text":"Latham, John"},{"url":"http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33730507","url_text":"A General Synopsis of Birds"}]},{"reference":"Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). \"Nuthatches, Wallcreeper, treecreepers, mockingbirds, starlings, oxpeckers\". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 13 August 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Gill_(ornithologist)","url_text":"Gill, Frank"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela_Rasmussen","url_text":"Rasmussen, Pamela"},{"url":"https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/nuthatch/","url_text":"\"Nuthatches, Wallcreeper, treecreepers, mockingbirds, starlings, oxpeckers\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_ship_Couronne
French ship Couronne
[]
For the commune in western France, see La Couronne, Charente. For other uses, see Couronne (disambiguation). French NavyNaval Ensign of France Command Naval Ministers Maritime Prefect Components Naval Action Force Submarine Forces FOST ESNA Naval Aviation FORFUSCO Marine Commandos Naval Fusiliers Maritime Gendarmerie Equipment Current fleet Current deployments Personnel Ranks in the French Navy History History of the French Navy Future of the French Navy Ensigns and pennants Historic ships Battleships Cruisers Destroyers Submarines Ships of the line Sail frigates Historic fleets Awards Cross of War Military Medal Legion of Honour Ribbons vte Fourteen ships of the French Navy or the Galley Corps (which was separate from the Navy) of the Ancien Régime or Empire have borne the name Couronne ("crown"): Couronne (1636), the first major warship to be built in France – actually launched in 1632/33 Couronne (1664), a flûte or storeship (1664–1677) Couronne (1664), a galley (1665–1675) built as Vendôme in 1663 but renamed Couronne in 1665 Couronne (1669), an 82-gun ship of the line (1669–1712) Couronne (1674), a 6-gun fire ship (1674–1677) Couronne (1677), a galley (1677–1686) Couronne (1686), a galley (1686–1696) Couronne (1697), a galley (1697–1716) Couronne (1749), a 74-gun ship of the line (1749–1795) Couronne (1768), an 80-gun ship of the line (1768–1781) Couronne an 80-gun ship. Renamed Ça Ira in 1793, captured by Britain 1795. She was destroyed in an accidental fire in 1796. Minerve (1831), a 32-gun frigate, bore the name Couronne while under construction as a Téméraire-class ship of the line Couronne (1813), a Téméraire-class 74-gun ship of the line (1813) Couronne (1824), a Téméraire-class 80-gun ship of the line (1824–1869) Couronne (1861), an iron-hulled derivative of the Gloire-class ironclad List of ships with the same or similar names This article includes a list of ships with the same or similar names. If an internal link for a specific ship led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended ship article, if one exists.
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"La Couronne, Charente","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Couronne,_Charente"},{"link_name":"Couronne (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couronne_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"Couronne (1636)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_ship_Couronne_(1636)"},{"link_name":"Couronne (1664)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_storeship_Couronne_(1664)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Couronne (1664)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_galley_Couronne_(1664)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Couronne (1669)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_ship_Couronne_(1669)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Couronne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_fireship_Couronne&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Couronne (1677)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_galley_Couronne_(1677)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Couronne (1686)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_galley_Couronne_(1686)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Couronne (1697)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_galley_Couronne_(1697)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Couronne (1749)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_ship_Couronne_(1749)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Couronne (1768)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_ship_Couronne_(1768)"},{"link_name":"Couronne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_ship_%C3%87a_Ira_(1781)"},{"link_name":"Minerve (1831)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_frigate_Minerve_(1831)"},{"link_name":"Téméraire-class ship of the line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9m%C3%A9raire-class_ship_of_the_line"},{"link_name":"Couronne (1813)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_ship_Couronne_(1813)"},{"link_name":"Couronne (1824)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_ship_Couronne_(1824)"},{"link_name":"Couronne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_ironclad_Couronne"},{"link_name":"Gloire-class","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloire-class_ironclad"},{"link_name":"ironclad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironclad"},{"link_name":"list of ships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Ships/Guidelines#Index_pages"},{"link_name":"internal link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere/French_ship_Couronne&namespace=0"}],"text":"For the commune in western France, see La Couronne, Charente. For other uses, see Couronne (disambiguation).Fourteen ships of the French Navy or the Galley Corps (which was separate from the Navy) of the Ancien Régime or Empire have borne the name Couronne (\"crown\"):Couronne (1636), the first major warship to be built in France – actually launched in 1632/33\nCouronne (1664), a flûte or storeship (1664–1677)\nCouronne (1664), a galley (1665–1675) built as Vendôme in 1663 but renamed Couronne in 1665\nCouronne (1669), an 82-gun ship of the line (1669–1712)\nCouronne (1674), a 6-gun fire ship (1674–1677)\nCouronne (1677), a galley (1677–1686)\nCouronne (1686), a galley (1686–1696)\nCouronne (1697), a galley (1697–1716)\nCouronne (1749), a 74-gun ship of the line (1749–1795)\nCouronne (1768), an 80-gun ship of the line (1768–1781)\nCouronne an 80-gun ship. Renamed Ça Ira in 1793, captured by Britain 1795. She was destroyed in an accidental fire in 1796.\nMinerve (1831), a 32-gun frigate, bore the name Couronne while under construction as a Téméraire-class ship of the line\nCouronne (1813), a Téméraire-class 74-gun ship of the line (1813)\nCouronne (1824), a Téméraire-class 80-gun ship of the line (1824–1869)\nCouronne (1861), an iron-hulled derivative of the Gloire-class ironcladList of ships with the same or similar names\nThis article includes a list of ships with the same or similar names. If an internal link for a specific ship led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended ship article, if one exists.","title":"French ship Couronne"}]
[{"image_text":"Naval Ensign of France","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/160px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png"}]
null
[]
[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere/French_ship_Couronne&namespace=0","external_links_name":"internal link"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Valera%27s_Cottage
De Valera's Cottage
["1 Location","2 History","3 Description","4 In culture","5 See also","6 References"]
Coordinates: 52°26′01″N 8°39′26″W / 52.433639°N 8.657111°W / 52.433639; -8.657111 Cottage in Bruree, IrelandDe Valera's CottageTeachín De ValeraGeneral informationStatusMuseumTypecottageArchitectural styleVernacularLocationKnockmoreTown or cityBrureeCountryIrelandCoordinates52°26′01″N 8°39′26″W / 52.433639°N 8.657111°W / 52.433639; -8.657111Elevation54 m (177 ft)Construction started1885OwnerOffice of Public WorksTechnical detailsMaterialcast iron, timber, slate, concrete, limestoneFloor count1Designations National monument of IrelandOfficial nameDe Valera's CottageReference no.576 Known forChildhood home of Éamon de Valera De Valera's Cottage is a cottage and National Monument located in County Limerick, Ireland. It was the former home of the Irish rebel leader, and later President of Dáil Éireann, President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, Taoiseach and President of Ireland, Éamon de Valera (1882–1975) during his youth. Location De Valera's Cottage is located 1 km (0.6 mi) north of Bruree, on the road to Athlacca. History The house is a labourer's cottage, built in 1885 by Kilmallock Poor Law Union. Born in New York City in 1882, de Valera (then known as George, and later Edward or Eddie) was brought to Ireland by his uncle Ned in 1885, following the death of his father Juan Vivion de Valera, and lived at this cottage. Even after his mother remarried, de Valera remained in Ireland, living at this cottage outside Bruree with his grandmother Elizabeth Coll, her son Patrick and her daughter Hannie. De Valera worked hard on the family farm, a mere half-acre; they also used "the long farm", grazing cattle on the roadside grass. This was illegal, so de Valera kept watch for Royal Irish Constabulary policemen and had to pretend to be moving the cattle across the road if the police saw him. As a teenager he walked from there to C.B.S. Charleville during schooldays, a distance of 11 km (7 miles) each morning and evening (the family could not afford a bicycle). De Valera regularly visited the cottage in later life. It is today a museum containing de Valera memorabilia, including the trunk he brought back from New York. Description The house is a detached three-bay single-storey building. In culture Poet Thomas McCarthy wrote, in 1984, "Returning to De Valera's Cottage", about the strange shadow the cottage cast over the village. See also Michael Collins Birthplace References ^ Travers, Pauric (1 January 1994). Éamon de Valera. Historical Association of Ireland. ISBN 9780852211236 – via Internet Archive. de valera cottage. ^ The 25-inch OS map gives its area as 0.567 acres (0.23 ha) ^ Dwyer, T. Ryle (19 November 1998). Big Fellow, Long Fellow. A Joint Biography of Collins and De Valera: A Joint Biography of Irish politicians Michael Collins and Eamon De Valera. Gill & Macmillan Ltd. ISBN 9780717157464. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2020 – via Google Books. ^ "Clare People: Eamon De Valera". www.clarelibrary.ie. Archived from the original on 2 May 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2017. ^ "The Boy from Bruree". www.irishidentity.com. Archived from the original on 29 November 2013. Retrieved 11 May 2017. ^ "Letters: Myers On De Valera". The Irish Times. Dublin. 9 December 1998. ISSN 0791-5144. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2017. ^ Hudson, Kenneth; Nicholls, Ann (18 June 1985). The Directory of Museums & Living Displays. Springer. ISBN 9781349070145. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2020 – via Google Books. ^ Greenwood, Margaret; Connolly, Mark; Wallis, Geoff (1 January 2003). Ireland. Rough Guides. ISBN 9781843530596. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2020 – via Google Books. ^ "Additional Images: Buildings of Ireland: National Inventory of Architectural Heritage". www.buildingsofireland.ie. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2017. ^ McCarthy, Tom (1984). "Returning to De Valera's Cottage". The Iowa Review. Vol. 14, no. 2. University of Iowa. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
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[]
[{"title":"Michael Collins Birthplace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Collins_Birthplace"}]
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Retrieved 11 May 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.irishidentity.com/extras/patriots/stories/dev.htm","url_text":"\"The Boy from Bruree\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131129213726/http://www.irishidentity.com/extras/patriots/stories/dev.htm","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Letters: Myers On De Valera\". The Irish Times. Dublin. 9 December 1998. ISSN 0791-5144. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. 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Retrieved 2 October 2020 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLHgtXEUfXgC&q=de+valera+cottage&pg=PA330","url_text":"Ireland"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843530596","url_text":"9781843530596"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220404072749/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLHgtXEUfXgC&q=de+valera+cottage&pg=PA330","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Additional Images: Buildings of Ireland: National Inventory of Architectural Heritage\". www.buildingsofireland.ie. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruaidr%C3%AD_na_Saide_Buide_Ua_Conchobair
Ruaidrí na Saide Buide Ua Conchobair
["1 Background","2 Family","3 Early career","4 Ridamna Connachta","5 King of Connachta","6 Usurped","7 Family","8 References"]
King of Connacht Ruaidrí na Saide BuideKing of ConnachtReign1087–1092PredecessorÁed Ua RuaircSuccessorFlaithbertaigh Ua FlaithbertaighSpouseseveral, including Mór Ní BriainIssueNiall mac Ruaidrí Ua ConchobairTadcConchobar mac Ruaidrí Ua ConchobairDomnallToirdelbachDubhchobhlaigh Bean Ua hEaghraMór Ua Conchobair of ConnachtDynastyO'ConorFatherÁed in Gai Bernaig Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair (died 1118) (anglicised Roderic O'Connor), called Ruaidrí na Saide Buide (Ruaidrí of the Yellow Birch) was King of Connacht, perhaps twice. Background Ireland in the 11th century Connacht in the 11th century was a region that resembled the modern Irish province. The main difference was that the Kingdom of Breifne, whose rulers sometimes also ruled over Connacht, extended into parts of southern Ulster. The kings of Connacht had, for several hundred years, belong to the Uí Briúin kindred, who traced their descent from a half-brother, Brion, of Niall of the Nine Hostages. Connacht and its kings had been associated with the Uí Néill High Kings of Ireland, descendants of Niall of the Nine Hostages, but as allies rather than as subjects. With the ending of the era of Uí Néill High Kingship at the death of Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill in 1022, a new era began, one in which the various provincial kings in Ireland attempted to impose themselves as kings of Ireland, emulating Brian Bóruma. In the 1070s, Brian Bóruma's grandson Toirdelbach Ua Briain was the leading king in Ireland, and if he was less powerful than his propagandists then and later would claim, he exercised a significant influence over Connacht. The Uí Briúin were divided into three major groups by the 11th century. First, the Uí Briúin Aí, led by the descendants of Conchobar mac Taidg Mór, the family of Ua Conchobair (modern O'Connor), whose power-base lay in central Connacht, originally centred on the important royal site of Cruachan. The second group were the family of Ua Ruairc (modern O'Rourke), the kings of Breifne, who first provided a king of Connacht in the 10th century, Fergal Ua Ruairc. The third group were the Uí Briúin Seóla, whose leading family was the Ua Flaithbertaig (modern O'Flaherty), who dominated Iarchonnacht. Family Ruaidrí belonged to the Ua Conchobair family. His father, Áed in Gai Bernaig was a descendant in the 8th generation of Conchobar mac Taidg Mór. Although sons rarely directly followed their fathers as provincial kings, each of Ruaidrí's paternal ancestors as far back as Conchobar (died 882) had been reckoned a king of Connacht. His mother was Caillech Cáemgein. She may have belonged to the Clann Uatach of modern County Roscommon. Tadg in Eich Gil, died 1030. | | _______________________________________ | | | | Áed in Gai Bernaig, fl. 1046–67. Tadg Dubhsúileach, d. 1009. | |____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | Ruaidrí na Saide Buide Cú Chonnacht Tadg, d. 1062. Murchad Liathnach, d. 1069. Cathal, d. 1082. Niall Odar | d.1105. |___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Niall, d. 1093. Tadc, d. 1097. Conchobar, d.1103. Domnall, Mór Ua Conchobair, Dubhchobhlaigh, Tairrdelbach, d.1118. d. after 1118. died 1131. 1088–1156. Early career Áed in Gai Bernaig was killed in battle in 1067, fighting against Áed Ua Ruairc of Breifne. The Annals of Ulster call him "overlord of the province of Connacht, valiant steersman of Leth Cuinn" in the report of his death. Ua Ruairc became king of Connacht following this victory. Ridamna Connachta By 1076, when he is first mentioned by the Irish annals, Ruaidrí appears to have replaced Ua Ruairc as provincial overking. The Annals of Innisfallen record that he was captured by Toirdelbach Ua Briain, King of Munster, and released for tribute. He appears to have been deposed by Toirdelbach, and Áed Ua Ruairc restored as king of Connacht, in 1079. In that year Ruaidrí disposed of a rival, Áed Ua Flaithbertaig of Iarconnacht being killed. King of Connachta In 1087, with Toirdelbach Ua Briain now dead, Ruaidrí, with the aid of the church of Clonmacnoise, defeated Ua Ruairc in battle and again seized the kingship of Connacht. Toirdelbach's son Muirchertach Ua Briain appears to have been as hostile to Ruaidrí as his father had been. In 1088 Ruaidrí recognised Muirchertach's rival Domnall Ua Lochlainn as king of Ireland and the two invaded Munster, burning Muirchertach's town of Limerick and destroying some part of the Ua Briain's inaugural site at Kincora. The Chronicon Scotorum says that in parts of Munster "they hardly left a cow or man undestroyed". Muirchertach retaliated in 1089, and his men succeeded in inflicting insult by felling a sacred tree in County Galway, but the raid was largely unsuccessful and Ruaidrí retaliated by raiding Munster. Usurped Ruaidrí again submitted to Ua Lochlainn in 1090, as did the king of Mide and Ua Briain. In 1092 he was blinded by his own foster-son, Flaithbertaigh Ua Flaithbertaigh, who seized the kingship of Connacht. Ua Flaitbertaig was killed in 1098 by Ruaidrí's kin and may have been deposed as king before his death. Ruaidrí may have retired to the monastery at Clonmacnoise. He died there in 1118. Family Ruaidrí was married to four or more women, including Toirdelbach Ua Briain's daughter Mór, who died in 1088. His sons included Niall, killed in 1093, Tadc, killed in 1097, perhaps king of Connacht, Conchobar, murdered in 1103, Domnall, installed as king of Connacht with Muirchertach Ua Briain's aid and then deposed by him in 1106, and lastly Toirdelbach, who was Mór's son, who would be one of the greatest kings in 12th century Ireland. He also had at least two daughters: Mór Ua Conchobair of Connacht. and 1131. Dubhchobhlaigh, daughter of Ruaidhri na Soighe Buidhe Ua Conchobhair, lady of Luighne, died. Preceded byÁed Ua Ruairc Kings of Connacht 1087–1092 Succeeded byFlaithbertaigh Ua Flaithbertaigh References Annals of Innisfallen, CELT: The Corpus of Electronic Texts, 2000, retrieved 10 May 2008 Annals of Loch Cé A.D. 1014–1590, CELT: The Corpus of Electronic Texts, 2002, retrieved 10 May 2008 Annals of Ulster AD 431–1201, CELT: The Corpus of Electronic Texts, 2003, retrieved 10 February 2007 Chronicon Scotorum, CELT: The Corpus of Electronic Texts, 2003, retrieved 25 October 2007 Byrne, Francis John (1973), Irish Kings and High-Kings, London: Batsford, ISBN 0-7134-5882-8 Duffy, Seán, ed. (1997), Atlas of Irish History, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, ISBN 0-7171-3093-2 Duffy, Seán (2004). "Ua Conchobair, Ruaidrí (d. 1118)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20521. Retrieved 6 March 2008. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Flanagan, M. T. (2004). "Ua Lochlainn, Domnall (1048–1121)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20744. Retrieved 7 January 2008. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí (1995), Early Medieval Ireland: 400–1200, The Longman History of Ireland, London: Longman, ISBN 0-582-01565-0 ^ "Ua Conchobair, Ruaidrí na Saide Buide | Dictionary of Irish Biography". www.dib.ie. Retrieved 20 May 2022. ^ Dobbs, Margaret E. , “The Ban-shenchus ”, Revue Celtique 48 (1931): 191: (“Mor ingen Ruaidri hUi Conchobair, mathair Muirchertag 7 Diarmata da mac Domnaill; 7 isi mathair da mac Diarmada (ob. 1118) hUi Briain I. Tairrdealbach 7 Tadc (ob. 1154)”.). vteÓ ConchobhairGeneral Connachta Uí Briúin Uí Briúin Ai Síol Muireadaigh Fenian Cycle Leath Cuinn Gaelic nobility of Ireland Kings of Connacht High King of Ireland An Bacall Buí Treaty of Windsor (1175) Cóir Connacht ar chath Laighean Composition of Connacht Early progenitors Conn of the Hundred Battles Art mac Cuinn Cormac mac Airt Cairbre Lifechair Fíacha Sroiptine Muiredach Tirech Eochaid Mugmedon Brión mac Echach Muigmedóin Dauí Tenga Uma Duinseach ingen Duach Echu Tirmcharna Áed mac Echach Uatu mac Áedo Rogallach mac Uatach Muiredach Muillethan Indrechtach mac Muiredaig Áed Balb mac Indrechtaig Tipraiti mac Taidg Muirgius mac Tommaltaig Diarmait mac Tommaltaig Cathal mac Muirgiussa Ó Conchobhair Conchobar mac Taidg Mór Áed mac Conchobair Tadg mac Conchobair Cathal mac Conchobair Tadg mac Cathail Conchobar mac Tadg Máel Ruanaid Mór mac Tadg Cathal mac Tadg Cathal mac Conchobar mac Taidg Tadg in Eich Gil Áed in Gai Bernaig Ruaidrí na Saide Buide Dubhchobhlaigh Ní Conchobair Tadg mac Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair Domnall Ua Conchobair Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair Conchobar Ua Conchobair Donnell Mor Mideach Ua Conchobair Aedh Dall Ua Conchobair Máel Ísa Ua Conchobair Brian Breifneach Ua Conchobair Maghnus Ua Conchobair Mór Ní Conchobair Aed mac Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair Rose Ní Conchobair Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair Diarmait Ó Conchobair Muirghis Cananach Ua Conchobhair Nuala Ní Conchobair Toirdhealbhach mac Ruaidhrí Ó Conchobhair Aedh mac Ruaidri Ó Conchobair Cathal Carragh Ua Conchobair Mathghamhain mac Conchobar Maenmaige Muirchertach Tethbhach Donnchadh Conallagh Ua Conchobair Tadhg mac Conchobar Maenmaige Mael Seachlainn mac Conchobar Maenmaige Aodh mac Conchobar Maenmaige Aedh Ua Conchobair Felim O'Connor Hugh McFelim O'Connor Aedh Muimhnech Ó Conchobair Hugh McOwen O'Conor Clan Murtagh O'Conor Murtogh Moynagh O'Conor Cathal O'Conor Magnus O'Conor Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair Hugh McHugh Breifne O'Conor Ó Conchobhair Sligigh Brian Luighnech Ua Conchobhair Cathal mac Domhnall Ó Conchobair Ó Conchubhair Donn& Ó Conchobhair Ruadh Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair Ruaidri na bhFeadh Ó Conchobair Felim McHugh O'Connor Toirdelbach Ó Conchobair Aedh mac Tairdelbach Ó Conchobair Toirdhealbhach Óg Donn Ó Conchobair Ruaidri mac Tairdelbach Ó Conchobair Cathal mac Ruaidri Ó Conchobair Matthew O'Conor Thomas O'Connor Charles O'Conor Denis O'Conor Nicholas O'Conor Luke O'Connor Charles Owen O'Conor Denis Maurice O'Conor Denis O'Conor Don Places Carnfree Castlerea Clonalis House Kinsmen Tighe O'Flanagan Brennan O'Beirne Concannon Geraghty MacDermot MacManus Category vteConnachtaKindredsand septsConnachtaUí Briúin O'Conor Don O'Conor Roe O'Conor Sligo Murtagh O'Conor MacGeraghty O'Finnerty O'Teige O'Flanagan MacDermot MacDonagh MacManus O'Beirne O'Flaherty O'Rourke O'Reilly O'Malley MacGovern MacKiernan O'Sheridan Uí Fiachrach MacClellan O'Heyne O'Cleary O'Shaughnessy O'Cahill O'Dowd MacFirbis O'Coyne O'Carney O'Towey O'Gaughan NorthernUí NéillCenél Conaill O'Donnell O'Doherty O'Boyle O'Gallagher Dunkeld Cenél nEógain O'Neill MacLoughlin MacNeil MacSweeney Lamont MacEwen O'Cahan O'Donnelly O'Gormley O'Lunney O'Hagan O'Quinn O'Hamill MacCaul SouthernUí NéillClann Cholmáin and Síl nÁedo Sláine O'Melaghlin O'Molloy MacGeoghegan O'Higgin MacCary MacAuley Clan Colla MacCann MacCarroll MacMahon MacGuire MacManus McCaffrey MacDonald MacRory MacDonnell O'Mulrooney O'Monaghan O'Leighnin O'Heany O'Boylan O'Hanratty O'Hanlon O'Rogan O'Garvey Uí Mháine O'Kelly O'Donnellan O'Houlihan O'Madden O'Downey O'Cleary O'Concannon O'Duigenan O'Naughton O'Mullally MacEgan O'Kearney O'Mulconry Ó Cuindlis Personalities Óengus Tuirmech Temrach Énna Aignech Eochu Feidlech Eochu Airem Medb Findemna Clothru Lugaid Riab nDerg Crimthann Nia Náir Feradach Finnfechtnach Fíachu Finnolach Túathal Techtmar Fedlimid Rechtmar Conn of the Hundred Battles Art mac Cuinn Cormac mac Airt Gráinne Cairbre Lifechair Fíacha Sroiptine Muiredach Tirech Colla Uais Eochaid Mugmedon Niall of the Nine Hostages Columba of Iona Crínán of Dunkeld Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair Brian Ua Néill Literature Finn and Gráinne The Pursuit of Diarmuid and Gráinne An sluagh sidhe so i nEamhuin? Places Rathcroghan Hill of Tara Donegal Castle Mongavlin Castle Tullyhogue Fort Clonalis House Battles Creadran Cille Knockavoe Glentaisie Kinsale Relatedarticles Gaels Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups Milesians Heremonians Fenian Cycle Ulster Cycle Dal Fiachrach Suighe List of High Kings of Ireland Connacht Airgíalla Fermanagh Ailech Tír Eoghain Clandeboye Tyrconnell East Breifne West Breifne Mide Uisnech Brega Connacht Irish Ulster Irish Gaelic nobility of Ireland Flight of the Earls O'Neill's Regiment Category Authority control databases: People Ireland
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"King of Connacht","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Connacht"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"King of ConnachtRuaidrí Ua Conchobair (died 1118) (anglicised Roderic O'Connor), called Ruaidrí na Saide Buide (Ruaidrí of the Yellow Birch) was King of Connacht, perhaps twice.[1]","title":"Ruaidrí na Saide Buide Ua Conchobair"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Www.wesleyjohnston.com-users-ireland-maps-historical-map1014.gif"},{"link_name":"Connacht","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connacht"},{"link_name":"Irish province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Kingdom of Breifne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Breifne"},{"link_name":"Ulster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster"},{"link_name":"kings of Connacht","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kings_of_Connacht"},{"link_name":"Uí Briúin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C3%AD_Bri%C3%BAin"},{"link_name":"Niall of the Nine Hostages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niall_of_the_Nine_Hostages"},{"link_name":"Uí Néill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C3%AD_N%C3%A9ill"},{"link_name":"High Kings of Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Kings_of_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Sechnaill_mac_Domnaill"},{"link_name":"Brian Bóruma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_B%C3%B3ruma"},{"link_name":"Toirdelbach Ua Briain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toirdelbach_Ua_Briain"},{"link_name":"Conchobar mac Taidg Mór","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conchobar_mac_Taidg_M%C3%B3r"},{"link_name":"Cruachan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruachan,_Ireland"},{"link_name":"kings of Breifne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kings_of_Breifne"},{"link_name":"Fergal Ua Ruairc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergal_Ua_Ruairc"},{"link_name":"Iarchonnacht","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iarchonnacht"}],"text":"Ireland in the 11th centuryConnacht in the 11th century was a region that resembled the modern Irish province. The main difference was that the Kingdom of Breifne, whose rulers sometimes also ruled over Connacht, extended into parts of southern Ulster. The kings of Connacht had, for several hundred years, belong to the Uí Briúin kindred, who traced their descent from a half-brother, Brion, of Niall of the Nine Hostages. Connacht and its kings had been associated with the Uí Néill High Kings of Ireland, descendants of Niall of the Nine Hostages, but as allies rather than as subjects. With the ending of the era of Uí Néill High Kingship at the death of Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill in 1022, a new era began, one in which the various provincial kings in Ireland attempted to impose themselves as kings of Ireland, emulating Brian Bóruma. In the 1070s, Brian Bóruma's grandson Toirdelbach Ua Briain was the leading king in Ireland, and if he was less powerful than his propagandists then and later would claim, he exercised a significant influence over Connacht.The Uí Briúin were divided into three major groups by the 11th century. First, the Uí Briúin Aí, led by the descendants of Conchobar mac Taidg Mór, the family of Ua Conchobair (modern O'Connor), whose power-base lay in central Connacht, originally centred on the important royal site of Cruachan. The second group were the family of Ua Ruairc (modern O'Rourke), the kings of Breifne, who first provided a king of Connacht in the 10th century, Fergal Ua Ruairc. The third group were the Uí Briúin Seóla, whose leading family was the Ua Flaithbertaig (modern O'Flaherty), who dominated Iarchonnacht.","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Áed in Gai Bernaig","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ed_in_Gai_Bernaig"},{"link_name":"County Roscommon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Roscommon"},{"link_name":"Tadg in Eich Gil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadg_in_Eich_Gil"}],"text":"Ruaidrí belonged to the Ua Conchobair family. His father, Áed in Gai Bernaig was a descendant in the 8th generation of Conchobar mac Taidg Mór. Although sons rarely directly followed their fathers as provincial kings, each of Ruaidrí's paternal ancestors as far back as Conchobar (died 882) had been reckoned a king of Connacht. His mother was Caillech Cáemgein. She may have belonged to the Clann Uatach of modern County Roscommon.Tadg in Eich Gil, died 1030.\n |\n | _______________________________________\n | |\n | |\n Áed in Gai Bernaig, fl. 1046–67. Tadg Dubhsúileach, d. 1009.\n |\n |____________________________________________________________________________________________________________\n | | | | | |\n | | | | | |\n Ruaidrí na Saide Buide Cú Chonnacht Tadg, d. 1062. Murchad Liathnach, d. 1069. Cathal, d. 1082. Niall Odar\n | d.1105.\n |___________________________________________________________________________________________________________\n | | | | | | |\n | | | | | | |\n Niall, d. 1093. Tadc, d. 1097. Conchobar, d.1103. Domnall, Mór Ua Conchobair, Dubhchobhlaigh, Tairrdelbach, \n d.1118. d. after 1118. died 1131. 1088–1156.","title":"Family"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Áed Ua Ruairc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ed_Ua_Ruairc"},{"link_name":"Annals of Ulster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annals_of_Ulster"},{"link_name":"Leth Cuinn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leth_Cuinn"}],"text":"Áed in Gai Bernaig was killed in battle in 1067, fighting against Áed Ua Ruairc of Breifne. The Annals of Ulster call him \"overlord of the province of Connacht, valiant steersman of Leth Cuinn\" in the report of his death. Ua Ruairc became king of Connacht following this victory.","title":"Early career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Irish annals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_annals"},{"link_name":"Annals of Innisfallen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annals_of_Innisfallen"},{"link_name":"Toirdelbach Ua Briain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toirdelbach_Ua_Briain"},{"link_name":"King of Munster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Munster"}],"text":"By 1076, when he is first mentioned by the Irish annals, Ruaidrí appears to have replaced Ua Ruairc as provincial overking. The Annals of Innisfallen record that he was captured by Toirdelbach Ua Briain, King of Munster, and released for tribute. He appears to have been deposed by Toirdelbach, and Áed Ua Ruairc restored as king of Connacht, in 1079. In that year Ruaidrí disposed of a rival, Áed Ua Flaithbertaig of Iarconnacht being killed.","title":"Ridamna Connachta"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Clonmacnoise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonmacnoise"},{"link_name":"Muirchertach Ua Briain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muirchertach_Ua_Briain"},{"link_name":"Domnall Ua Lochlainn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domnall_Ua_Lochlainn"},{"link_name":"Limerick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick"},{"link_name":"Kincora","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Boru"},{"link_name":"Chronicon Scotorum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicon_Scotorum"},{"link_name":"County Galway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Galway"}],"text":"In 1087, with Toirdelbach Ua Briain now dead, Ruaidrí, with the aid of the church of Clonmacnoise, defeated Ua Ruairc in battle and again seized the kingship of Connacht. Toirdelbach's son Muirchertach Ua Briain appears to have been as hostile to Ruaidrí as his father had been. In 1088 Ruaidrí recognised Muirchertach's rival Domnall Ua Lochlainn as king of Ireland and the two invaded Munster, burning Muirchertach's town of Limerick and destroying some part of the Ua Briain's inaugural site at Kincora. The Chronicon Scotorum says that in parts of Munster \"they hardly left a cow or man undestroyed\". Muirchertach retaliated in 1089, and his men succeeded in inflicting insult by felling a sacred tree in County Galway, but the raid was largely unsuccessful and Ruaidrí retaliated by raiding Munster.","title":"King of Connachta"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"king of Mide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Mide"},{"link_name":"Flaithbertaigh Ua Flaithbertaigh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaithbertaigh_Ua_Flaithbertaigh"},{"link_name":"Clonmacnoise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonmacnoise"}],"text":"Ruaidrí again submitted to Ua Lochlainn in 1090, as did the king of Mide and Ua Briain. In 1092 he was blinded by his own foster-son, Flaithbertaigh Ua Flaithbertaigh, who seized the kingship of Connacht. Ua Flaitbertaig was killed in 1098 by Ruaidrí's kin and may have been deposed as king before his death. Ruaidrí may have retired to the monastery at Clonmacnoise. He died there in 1118.","title":"Usurped"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tadc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadc_mac_Ruaidr%C3%AD_Ua_Conchobair"},{"link_name":"Domnall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domnall_mac_Ruaidr%C3%AD_Ua_Conchobair"},{"link_name":"Toirdelbach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toirdelbach_Ua_Conchobair"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Ruaidrí was married to four or more women, including Toirdelbach Ua Briain's daughter Mór, who died in 1088. His sons included Niall, killed in 1093, Tadc, killed in 1097, perhaps king of Connacht, Conchobar, murdered in 1103, Domnall, installed as king of Connacht with Muirchertach Ua Briain's aid and then deposed by him in 1106, and lastly Toirdelbach, who was Mór's son, who would be one of the greatest kings in 12th century Ireland. He also had at least two daughters: Mór Ua Conchobair of Connacht.[2] and 1131. Dubhchobhlaigh, daughter of Ruaidhri na Soighe Buidhe Ua Conchobhair, lady of Luighne, died.","title":"Family"}]
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[{"reference":"Annals of Innisfallen, CELT: The Corpus of Electronic Texts, 2000, retrieved 10 May 2008","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100004/index.html","url_text":"Annals of Innisfallen"}]},{"reference":"Annals of Loch Cé A.D. 1014–1590, CELT: The Corpus of Electronic Texts, 2002, retrieved 10 May 2008","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100010A/index.html","url_text":"Annals of Loch Cé A.D. 1014–1590"}]},{"reference":"Annals of Ulster AD 431–1201, CELT: The Corpus of Electronic Texts, 2003, retrieved 10 February 2007","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100001A/index.html","url_text":"Annals of Ulster AD 431–1201"}]},{"reference":"Chronicon Scotorum, CELT: The Corpus of Electronic Texts, 2003, retrieved 25 October 2007","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100016/index.html","url_text":"Chronicon Scotorum"}]},{"reference":"Byrne, Francis John (1973), Irish Kings and High-Kings, London: Batsford, ISBN 0-7134-5882-8","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_John_Byrne","url_text":"Byrne, Francis John"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7134-5882-8","url_text":"0-7134-5882-8"}]},{"reference":"Duffy, Seán, ed. (1997), Atlas of Irish History, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, ISBN 0-7171-3093-2","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/atlasofirishhist00sean_0","url_text":"Atlas of Irish History"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7171-3093-2","url_text":"0-7171-3093-2"}]},{"reference":"Duffy, Seán (2004). \"Ua Conchobair, Ruaidrí (d. 1118)\". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20521. Retrieved 6 March 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/20521","url_text":"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F20521","url_text":"10.1093/ref:odnb/20521"}]},{"reference":"Flanagan, M. T. (2004). \"Ua Lochlainn, Domnall (1048–1121)\". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20744. Retrieved 7 January 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/20744","url_text":"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F20744","url_text":"10.1093/ref:odnb/20744"}]},{"reference":"Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí (1995), Early Medieval Ireland: 400–1200, The Longman History of Ireland, London: Longman, ISBN 0-582-01565-0","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-01565-0","url_text":"0-582-01565-0"}]},{"reference":"\"Ua Conchobair, Ruaidrí na Saide Buide | Dictionary of Irish Biography\". www.dib.ie. Retrieved 20 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dib.ie/biography/ua-conchobair-ruaidri-na-saide-buide-a8726","url_text":"\"Ua Conchobair, Ruaidrí na Saide Buide | Dictionary of Irish Biography\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Syrett
David Syrett
["1 Early life and education","2 Academic affiliations","3 Published works","4 Sources and references"]
This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message) David Syrett (January 8, 1939 in White Plains, New York – October 18, 2004 in Leonia, New Jersey) was Distinguished Professor of History at Queens College, City University of New York in Flushing, New York, and a widely respected researcher and documentary editor on eighteenth-century British naval history and the Battle of the Atlantic during World War Two. Early life and education The son of the well-known historian of the early American republic and editor of the Papers of Alexander Hamilton, Harold Syrett (d. 1984), David Syrett was graduated from Columbia University in 1961. After completing his M.A. at Columbia in 1964, he went on the University of London, where he completed his Ph.D. in 1966 with a thesis on “Shipping and the American War." Academic affiliations New York Military Affairs Symposium, President, 1990–2004 Published works Shipping and the American war, 1775-83 : a study of British transport organization (1970) The siege and capture of Havana, 1762 (1970) The Lost war: letters from British officers during the American Revolution edited and annotated by Marion Balderston and David Syrett; introduction by Henry Steele Commager (1975) The Royal Navy in American waters 1775-1783 (1989) The commissioned sea officers of the Royal Navy, 1660-1815, edited by David Syrett and R.L. DiNardo (1994) The defeat of the German U-boats: the battle of the Atlantic (1994) The battle of the Atlantic and signals intelligence : U-boat situations and trends, 1941-1945 (1998) The Royal Navy in European waters during the American Revolutionary War (1998) "The Raising of American Troops for Service in the West Indies during the War of Austrian Succession, 1740-1", Historical Research Vol. 73, No. 180 (February 2000), pp. 20–32. The Battle of the Atlantic and signals intelligence : U-boat tracking papers, 1941-1947 (2002) The Rodney papers: selections from the correspondence of Admiral Lord Rodney (2005, 2007) Admiral Lord Howe: A Biography (2006) Shipping and Military Power in the Seven Years' War: The Sails of Victory (2007) Sources and references Obituary, The Independent (London), 19 January 2005, p. 35 Obituary, New York Times, 23 October 2004, p. A18 Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Spain France BnF data Israel Belgium United States Netherlands Other SNAC IdRef
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After completing his M.A. at Columbia in 1964, he went on the University of London, where he completed his Ph.D. in 1966 with a thesis on “Shipping and the American War.\"","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"New York Military Affairs Symposium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Military_Affairs_Symposium"}],"text":"New York Military Affairs Symposium, President, 1990–2004","title":"Academic affiliations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Havana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havana"},{"link_name":"American Revolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolution"},{"link_name":"Henry Steele Commager","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Steele_Commager"},{"link_name":"U-boats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-boats"},{"link_name":"battle of the Atlantic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic"},{"link_name":"West Indies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Indies"},{"link_name":"War of Austrian Succession","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_Austrian_Succession"},{"link_name":"Lord Rodney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Rodney"},{"link_name":"Admiral Lord Howe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Howe,_1st_Earl_Howe"},{"link_name":"Seven Years' War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War"}],"text":"Shipping and the American war, 1775-83 : a study of British transport organization (1970)\nThe siege and capture of Havana, 1762 (1970)\nThe Lost war: letters from British officers during the American Revolution edited and annotated by Marion Balderston and David Syrett; introduction by Henry Steele Commager (1975)\nThe Royal Navy in American waters 1775-1783 (1989)\nThe commissioned sea officers of the Royal Navy, 1660-1815, edited by David Syrett and R.L. DiNardo (1994)\nThe defeat of the German U-boats: the battle of the Atlantic (1994)\nThe battle of the Atlantic and signals intelligence : U-boat situations and trends, 1941-1945 (1998)\nThe Royal Navy in European waters during the American Revolutionary War (1998)\n\"The Raising of American Troops for Service in the West Indies during the War of Austrian Succession, 1740-1\", Historical Research Vol. 73, No. 180 (February 2000), pp. 20–32.\nThe Battle of the Atlantic and signals intelligence : U-boat tracking papers, 1941-1947 (2002)\nThe Rodney papers: selections from the correspondence of Admiral Lord Rodney (2005, 2007)\nAdmiral Lord Howe: A Biography (2006)\nShipping and Military Power in the Seven Years' War: The Sails of Victory (2007)","title":"Published works"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Authority control databases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5240223#identifiers"},{"link_name":"ISNI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//isni.org/isni/0000000109251402"},{"link_name":"VIAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//viaf.org/viaf/92694872"},{"link_name":"WorldCat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpJ9BYtqGBrPhvV8GttKd"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1439086"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12890202x"},{"link_name":"BnF data","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12890202x"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007268776305171"},{"link_name":"Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14762806"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//id.loc.gov/authorities/n88014494"},{"link_name":"Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070964475"},{"link_name":"SNAC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6hq6cmm"},{"link_name":"IdRef","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.idref.fr/083403787"}],"text":"Obituary, The Independent (London), 19 January 2005, p. 35\nObituary, New York Times, 23 October 2004, p. A18Authority control databases International\nISNI\nVIAF\nWorldCat\nNational\nSpain\nFrance\nBnF data\nIsrael\nBelgium\nUnited States\nNetherlands\nOther\nSNAC\nIdRef","title":"Sources and references"}]
[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_trilogy
U.S.A. (trilogy)
["1 Main characters","2 Analysis","2.1 Criticism","2.2 Narrative modes","2.3 Style","2.4 Political context","3 Adaptations","4 Editions","5 References"]
Series of novels written by John Dos Passos "The Big Money (novel)" redirects here. For the novel by P. G. Wodehouse, see Big Money (novel). U.S.A.First complete edition (1937) The 42nd Parallel (1930) Nineteen Nineteen (1932) The Big Money (1936) AuthorJohn Dos PassosCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishGenreModernist, Political fictionPublisherModern LibraryPublished1930–1936Media typeHardcoverNo. of books3Websitewww.johndospassos.com/usa The U.S.A. trilogy is a series of three novels by American writer John Dos Passos, comprising the novels The 42nd Parallel (1930), Nineteen Nineteen (1932) and The Big Money (1936). The books were first published together in a volume titled U.S.A. by Modern Library in 1937. The trilogy employs an experimental technique, incorporating four narrative modes: fictional narratives telling the life stories of twelve characters, collages of newspaper clippings and song lyrics labeled "Newsreel", individually labeled short biographies of public figures of the time such as Woodrow Wilson and Henry Ford and fragments of autobiographical stream of consciousness writing labeled "Camera Eye". The trilogy covers the historical development of American society during the first three decades of the 20th century. In 1998, the US publisher Modern Library ranked U.S.A. 23rd on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. Main characters Mac (Fainy McCreary) – A wandering printer, train-hopping newspaperman, and crusader for the working man Janey Williams – A young stenographer from Washington, D.C. (assistant to Moorehouse) Eleanor Stoddard – A cold, haughty young social climber J. Ward Moorehouse – A slick, influential public relations man Charley Anderson – A gullible, good-natured mechanic and flying ace Joe Williams – A rugged, slow-witted sailor, brother of Janey Williams Richard Ellsworth Savage – A Harvard graduate, employee of Moorehouse Daughter (Anne Elizabeth Trent) – A spirited Texas belle and volunteer nurse Eveline Hutchins – Artist and designer, Eleanor's long-time friend and rival Ben Compton – A law student and labor activist/revolutionary Mary French – Dedicated labor activist and journalist Margo Dowling – Attractive, cagey and adventurous, eventually a Hollywood actress Analysis Criticism In his contemporary commentary on The 42nd Parallel and Nineteen Nineteen, Michael Gold noted their qualities as extensions of Dos Passos' techniques in his earlier novel Manhattan Transfer, and described these novels as "one of the first collective novels". Stanley Corkin has specifically expostulated The 42nd Parallel in the context of readings of Hegelian Marxism with respect to the particular historical time of the novel. Arnold Goldman has commented on the "progressive disenfranchisement" of Dos Passos from 20th century America in the trilogy. Justin Edwards has discussed the use of cinematic techniques in The Big Money. Donald Pizer has discoursed in detail on the passage 'only words against POWER SUPERPOWER' in The Big Money. Janet Galligani Casey has analysed Dos Passos' treatment and development of the growth of his female characters in the trilogy. Stephen Lock has examined the cinematic ideas behind Dos Passos' use of the 'Camera Eye' sections. Narrative modes In the fictional narrative sections, the U.S.A. trilogy relates the lives of twelve characters as they struggle to find a place in American society during the early part of the 20th century. Each character is presented to the reader from his/her childhood on and in free indirect speech. While their lives are separate, characters occasionally meet. Some minor characters whose point of view is never given crop up in the background, forming a kind of bridge between the characters. "The Camera Eye" sections are written in stream of consciousness and are an autobiographical Künstlerroman of Dos Passos, tracing the author's development from a child to a politically committed writer. Camera Eye 50 contains the arguably most famous line of the trilogy, when Dos Passos states upon the executions of Sacco and Vanzetti: "all right we are two nations." The "Newsreels" consist of front page headlines and article fragments from the Chicago Tribune for The 42nd Parallel, and from the New York World for Nineteen Nineteen and The Big Money, as well as lyrics from popular songs. Newsreel 66, preceding Camera Eye 50, announcing the Sacco and Vanzetti verdict, contains the lyrics of "The Internationale." The biographies are accounts of historical figures. The most often anthologized of these biographies is "The Body of an American", the story of an unknown soldier killed in World War I, which concludes Nineteen Nineteen. Style The separation between these narrative modes is rather a stylistic than a thematic one. Some critics have pointed out connections between the fictional character Mary French in The Big Money and journalist Mary Heaton Vorse, calling into question the strict separation between fictional characters and biographies. Coherent quotes from newspaper articles are often woven into the biographies as well, calling into question the strict separation between them and the "Newsreel" sections. The fragmented narrative style of the trilogy later influenced the work of British science-fiction novelist John Brunner. It also influenced Jean-Paul Sartre's trilogy The Roads to Freedom. Political context The trilogy was written in the period when Dos Passos placed himself unequivocally on the political Left, before the major political shift which characterized his later career. Dos Passos portrays the everyday situations of the characters before, during, and after World War I, with special attention to the social and economic forces that drive them. Those characters who pursue "the big money" without scruple succeed, but are dehumanized by success. Others are destroyed, crushed by capitalism, and ground underfoot. Dos Passos does not show much sympathy for upwardly mobile characters who succeed, but is always sympathetic to the down and out victims of capitalist society. He explores the difficulty faced by winners and losers alike when trying to make a stable living for themselves as well as wanting to settle down in some means. The book depicts with considerable sympathy the activists of the Industrial Workers of the World. It is more reserved with regard to the American Communist Party which took the fore in the American Radical Left after World War I; though some Communists are depicted sympathetically, they are shown as caught up in the increasing bureaucratization of the party. The book expresses an obvious animosity to President Woodrow Wilson, depicting in detail his suppression of internal dissent during and immediately after World War I. Adaptations The novel has been adapted a number of times, for purposes such as radio and stage production. Paul Shyre created a "dramatic revue", working together with Dos Passos. Howard Sackler also adapted it for a well-received 1968 audio production with Caedmon Books. Neil Peart of Rush was inspired by the trilogy to write the lyrics for the song "The Camera Eye" released on their Moving Pictures album in 1981. Margaret Bonds also collaborated with Dos Passos and wrote a musical theater work set to U.S.A. in 1959. Editions Dos Passos added a prologue with the title "U.S.A." to The Modern Library edition of The 42nd Parallel and the same plates were used by Harcourt Brace for the trilogy.: 1254  Houghton Mifflin issued two boxed three-volume sets in 1946 with color endpapers and illustrations by Reginald Marsh.: 1256  The first illustrated edition was limited to 365 copies, 350 signed by both Dos Passos and Marsh in a deluxe binding with leather labels and beveled boards. The binding for the larger 1946 trade issue was tan buckram with red spine lettering and the trilogy designation "U.S.A." printed in red over a blue rectangle on the spine and front cover. The illustrated edition was reprinted in various bindings until the Library of America edition appeared in 1996, 100 years after Dos Passos' birth. References ^ Gold, Michael (February 1933). "The Education of John Dos Passos". The English Journal. 22 (2): 87–97. doi:10.2307/804561. JSTOR 804561. ^ Corkin, Stanley (Fall 1992). "John Dos Passos and the American Left: Recovering the Dialectic of History". Criticism. 34 (4): 591–611. JSTOR 23113524. ^ Goldman, Arnold (Spring 1970). "Dos Passos and His U.S.A.". New Literary History. 1 (3): 471–483. doi:10.2307/468267. JSTOR 468267. ^ Edwards, Justin (1999). "The Man with a Camera Eye: Cinematic Form and Hollywood Malediction in John Dos Passos's The Big Money". Literature/Film Quarterly. 27 (4): 245–254. JSTOR 468267. ^ Pizer, Donald (1985). "The "only words against POWER SUPERPOWER" Passage in John Dos Passos' The Big Money". The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America. 79 (3): 427–434. doi:10.1086/pbsa.79.3.24303666. JSTOR 24303666. S2CID 163967414. ^ Casey, Janet Galligani (2005). ""Stories Told Sideways Out of the Big Mouth": Dos Passos's Bazinian Camera Eye". Literature/Film Quarterly. 33 (1): 20–27. JSTOR 43797207. ^ Lock, Stephen (Autumn 1995). "Historicizing the Female in U.S.A.: Re-Visions of Dos Passos's Trilogy". Twentieth Century Literature. 41 (3): 249–264. doi:10.2307/441851. JSTOR 441851. ^ Shyre, Paul; Dos Passos, John (1960). USA: A Dramatic Revue. Samuel French. ISBN 9780573617362. Retrieved 18 September 2014. ^ Sackler, Howard. "42nd Parallel Radio Production, 1/6". SoundCloud. Retrieved 18 September 2014. ^ a b Dos Passos, John (1896–1970). U.S.A. Daniel Aaron & Townsend Ludington, eds. New York: Library of America, 1996. (chronology) ^ LCCN 47-846 and OCLC 1 870 524 ^ a b bookseller descriptions: copies for sale, December 2010, at ABEbooks, Alibris, Amazon, Biblio and elsewhere ^ a b personal copies of both editions vteNovels by John Dos Passos Three Soldiers Manhattan Transfer U.S.A. Adventures of a Young Man Authority control databases: National France BnF data
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For the novel by P. G. Wodehouse, see Big Money (novel).The U.S.A. trilogy is a series of three novels by American writer John Dos Passos, comprising the novels The 42nd Parallel (1930), Nineteen Nineteen (1932) and The Big Money (1936). The books were first published together in a volume titled U.S.A. by Modern Library in 1937.The trilogy employs an experimental technique, incorporating four narrative modes: fictional narratives telling the life stories of twelve characters, collages of newspaper clippings and song lyrics labeled \"Newsreel\", individually labeled short biographies of public figures of the time such as Woodrow Wilson and Henry Ford and fragments of autobiographical stream of consciousness writing labeled \"Camera Eye\". The trilogy covers the historical development of American society during the first three decades of the 20th century. In 1998, the US publisher Modern Library ranked U.S.A. 23rd on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.","title":"U.S.A. (trilogy)"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Mac (Fainy McCreary) – A wandering printer, train-hopping newspaperman, and crusader for the working man\nJaney Williams – A young stenographer from Washington, D.C. (assistant to Moorehouse)\nEleanor Stoddard – A cold, haughty young social climber\nJ. Ward Moorehouse – A slick, influential public relations man\nCharley Anderson – A gullible, good-natured mechanic and flying ace\nJoe Williams – A rugged, slow-witted sailor, brother of Janey Williams\nRichard Ellsworth Savage – A Harvard graduate, employee of Moorehouse\nDaughter (Anne Elizabeth Trent) – A spirited Texas belle and volunteer nurse\nEveline Hutchins – Artist and designer, Eleanor's long-time friend and rival\nBen Compton – A law student and labor activist/revolutionary\nMary French – Dedicated labor activist and journalist\nMargo Dowling – Attractive, cagey and adventurous, eventually a Hollywood actress","title":"Main characters"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Analysis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Michael Gold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Gold"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Stanley Corkin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Corkin&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"sub_title":"Criticism","text":"In his contemporary commentary on The 42nd Parallel and Nineteen Nineteen, Michael Gold noted their qualities as extensions of Dos Passos' techniques in his earlier novel Manhattan Transfer, and described these novels as \"one of the first collective novels\".[1] Stanley Corkin has specifically expostulated The 42nd Parallel in the context of readings of Hegelian Marxism with respect to the particular historical time of the novel.[2] Arnold Goldman has commented on the \"progressive disenfranchisement\" of Dos Passos from 20th century America in the trilogy.[3] Justin Edwards has discussed the use of cinematic techniques in The Big Money.[4] Donald Pizer has discoursed in detail on the passage 'only words against POWER SUPERPOWER' in The Big Money.[5]Janet Galligani Casey has analysed Dos Passos' treatment and development of the growth of his female characters in the trilogy.[6] Stephen Lock has examined the cinematic ideas behind Dos Passos' use of the 'Camera Eye' sections.[7]","title":"Analysis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"free indirect speech","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_indirect_speech"},{"link_name":"stream of consciousness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness"},{"link_name":"autobiographical","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autobiography"},{"link_name":"Künstlerroman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCnstlerroman"},{"link_name":"Sacco and Vanzetti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti"},{"link_name":"headlines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headline"},{"link_name":"Chicago Tribune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Tribune"},{"link_name":"New York World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_World"},{"link_name":"The Internationale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Internationale"},{"link_name":"World War I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"}],"sub_title":"Narrative modes","text":"In the fictional narrative sections, the U.S.A. trilogy relates the lives of twelve characters as they struggle to find a place in American society during the early part of the 20th century. Each character is presented to the reader from his/her childhood on and in free indirect speech. While their lives are separate, characters occasionally meet. Some minor characters whose point of view is never given crop up in the background, forming a kind of bridge between the characters.\n\"The Camera Eye\" sections are written in stream of consciousness and are an autobiographical Künstlerroman of Dos Passos, tracing the author's development from a child to a politically committed writer. Camera Eye 50 contains the arguably most famous line of the trilogy, when Dos Passos states upon the executions of Sacco and Vanzetti: \"all right we are two nations.\"\nThe \"Newsreels\" consist of front page headlines and article fragments from the Chicago Tribune for The 42nd Parallel, and from the New York World for Nineteen Nineteen and The Big Money, as well as lyrics from popular songs. Newsreel 66, preceding Camera Eye 50, announcing the Sacco and Vanzetti verdict, contains the lyrics of \"The Internationale.\"\nThe biographies are accounts of historical figures. The most often anthologized of these biographies is \"The Body of an American\", the story of an unknown soldier killed in World War I, which concludes Nineteen Nineteen.","title":"Analysis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mary Heaton Vorse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Heaton_Vorse"},{"link_name":"John Brunner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brunner_(novelist)"},{"link_name":"Jean-Paul Sartre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre"},{"link_name":"The Roads to Freedom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Roads_to_Freedom"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Style","text":"The separation between these narrative modes is rather a stylistic than a thematic one. Some critics have pointed out connections between the fictional character Mary French in The Big Money and journalist Mary Heaton Vorse, calling into question the strict separation between fictional characters and biographies. Coherent quotes from newspaper articles are often woven into the biographies as well, calling into question the strict separation between them and the \"Newsreel\" sections.The fragmented narrative style of the trilogy later influenced the work of British science-fiction novelist John Brunner. It also influenced Jean-Paul Sartre's trilogy The Roads to Freedom.[citation needed]","title":"Analysis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Industrial Workers of the World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World"},{"link_name":"American Communist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_USA"},{"link_name":"Woodrow Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson"}],"sub_title":"Political context","text":"The trilogy was written in the period when Dos Passos placed himself unequivocally on the political Left,[citation needed] before the major political shift which characterized his later career. Dos Passos portrays the everyday situations of the characters before, during, and after World War I, with special attention to the social and economic forces that drive them. Those characters who pursue \"the big money\" without scruple succeed, but are dehumanized by success. Others are destroyed, crushed by capitalism, and ground underfoot. Dos Passos does not show much sympathy for upwardly mobile characters who succeed, but is always sympathetic to the down and out victims of capitalist society. He explores the difficulty faced by winners and losers alike when trying to make a stable living for themselves as well as wanting to settle down in some means. The book depicts with considerable sympathy the activists of the Industrial Workers of the World. It is more reserved with regard to the American Communist Party which took the fore in the American Radical Left after World War I; though some Communists are depicted sympathetically, they are shown as caught up in the increasing bureaucratization of the party. The book expresses an obvious animosity to President Woodrow Wilson, depicting in detail his suppression of internal dissent during and immediately after World War I.","title":"Analysis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Paul Shyre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Shyre"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Howard Sackler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Sackler"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Neil Peart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Peart"},{"link_name":"Rush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)"},{"link_name":"Moving Pictures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Pictures_(Rush_album)"},{"link_name":"Margaret Bonds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Bonds"}],"text":"The novel has been adapted a number of times, for purposes such as radio and stage production. Paul Shyre created a \"dramatic revue\", working together with Dos Passos.[8] Howard Sackler also adapted it for a well-received 1968 audio production with Caedmon Books.[9] Neil Peart of Rush was inspired by the trilogy to write the lyrics for the song \"The Camera Eye\" released on their Moving Pictures album in 1981. Margaret Bonds also collaborated with Dos Passos and wrote a musical theater work set to U.S.A. in 1959.","title":"Adaptations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"prologue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prologue"},{"link_name":"Modern Library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Library"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LoA-1-10"},{"link_name":"Houghton Mifflin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LoA-1-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-OCLC-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ViaLibri-12"},{"link_name":"buckram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckram"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sws-13"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ViaLibri-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sws-13"}],"text":"Dos Passos added a prologue with the title \"U.S.A.\" to The Modern Library edition of The 42nd Parallel and the same plates were used by Harcourt Brace for the trilogy.[10]: 1254  Houghton Mifflin issued two boxed three-volume sets in 1946 with color endpapers and illustrations by Reginald Marsh.[10]: 1256  The first illustrated edition was limited to 365 copies, 350 signed by both Dos Passos and Marsh in a deluxe binding with leather labels and beveled boards.[11][12] The binding for the larger 1946 trade issue was tan buckram with red spine lettering and the trilogy designation \"U.S.A.\" printed in red over a blue rectangle on the spine and front cover.[13] The illustrated edition was reprinted in various bindings until the Library of America edition appeared in 1996, 100 years after Dos Passos' birth.[12][13]","title":"Editions"}]
[]
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[{"reference":"Gold, Michael (February 1933). \"The Education of John Dos Passos\". The English Journal. 22 (2): 87–97. doi:10.2307/804561. JSTOR 804561.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307%2F804561","url_text":"10.2307/804561"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/804561","url_text":"804561"}]},{"reference":"Corkin, Stanley (Fall 1992). \"John Dos Passos and the American Left: Recovering the Dialectic of History\". Criticism. 34 (4): 591–611. JSTOR 23113524.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/23113524","url_text":"23113524"}]},{"reference":"Goldman, Arnold (Spring 1970). \"Dos Passos and His U.S.A.\". New Literary History. 1 (3): 471–483. doi:10.2307/468267. JSTOR 468267.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307%2F468267","url_text":"10.2307/468267"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/468267","url_text":"468267"}]},{"reference":"Edwards, Justin (1999). \"The Man with a Camera Eye: Cinematic Form and Hollywood Malediction in John Dos Passos's The Big Money\". Literature/Film Quarterly. 27 (4): 245–254. JSTOR 468267.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/468267","url_text":"468267"}]},{"reference":"Pizer, Donald (1985). \"The \"only words against POWER SUPERPOWER\" Passage in John Dos Passos' The Big Money\". The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America. 79 (3): 427–434. doi:10.1086/pbsa.79.3.24303666. JSTOR 24303666. S2CID 163967414.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Pizer","url_text":"Pizer, Donald"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1086%2Fpbsa.79.3.24303666","url_text":"10.1086/pbsa.79.3.24303666"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/24303666","url_text":"24303666"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163967414","url_text":"163967414"}]},{"reference":"Casey, Janet Galligani (2005). \"\"Stories Told Sideways Out of the Big Mouth\": Dos Passos's Bazinian Camera Eye\". Literature/Film Quarterly. 33 (1): 20–27. JSTOR 43797207.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43797207","url_text":"43797207"}]},{"reference":"Lock, Stephen (Autumn 1995). \"Historicizing the Female in U.S.A.: Re-Visions of Dos Passos's Trilogy\". Twentieth Century Literature. 41 (3): 249–264. doi:10.2307/441851. JSTOR 441851.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307%2F441851","url_text":"10.2307/441851"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/441851","url_text":"441851"}]},{"reference":"Shyre, Paul; Dos Passos, John (1960). USA: A Dramatic Revue. Samuel French. ISBN 9780573617362. Retrieved 18 September 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=N97zimsIxCUC","url_text":"USA: A Dramatic Revue"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780573617362","url_text":"9780573617362"}]},{"reference":"Sackler, Howard. \"42nd Parallel Radio Production, 1/6\". SoundCloud. Retrieved 18 September 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://soundcloud.com/hans-gutbrod/john-dos-passos-42nd-parallel","url_text":"\"42nd Parallel Radio Production, 1/6\""}]}]
[{"Link":"https://www.johndospassos.com/usa","external_links_name":"www.johndospassos.com/usa"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.2307%2F804561","external_links_name":"10.2307/804561"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/804561","external_links_name":"804561"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/23113524","external_links_name":"23113524"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.2307%2F468267","external_links_name":"10.2307/468267"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/468267","external_links_name":"468267"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/468267","external_links_name":"468267"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1086%2Fpbsa.79.3.24303666","external_links_name":"10.1086/pbsa.79.3.24303666"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/24303666","external_links_name":"24303666"},{"Link":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163967414","external_links_name":"163967414"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43797207","external_links_name":"43797207"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.2307%2F441851","external_links_name":"10.2307/441851"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/441851","external_links_name":"441851"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=N97zimsIxCUC","external_links_name":"USA: A Dramatic Revue"},{"Link":"https://soundcloud.com/hans-gutbrod/john-dos-passos-42nd-parallel","external_links_name":"\"42nd Parallel Radio Production, 1/6\""},{"Link":"https://www.loc.gov/item/47000846","external_links_name":"47-846"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1+870+524","external_links_name":"1 870 524"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12192056k","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12192056k","external_links_name":"BnF data"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_in_Tuvalu
Abortion in Tuvalu
["1 References"]
Abortion in Tuvalu is only legal if the abortion will save the mother's life. If an abortion is performed on a woman for any other reason, the violator is subject to ten years in prison. A woman who performs a self-induced abortion may be imprisoned for life. References ^ a b c Abortion Policies: A Global Review. Volume III: Oman to Zimbabwe (PDF). United Nations Publications. 2001. ISBN 9789211513653. Retrieved 5 August 2023. vteAbortion in OceaniaSovereign states Australia Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Associated statesof New Zealand Cook Islands Niue Dependenciesand other territories American Samoa Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Easter Island French Polynesia Guam Hawaii New Caledonia Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Pitcairn Islands Tokelau Wallis and Futuna vteAbortionMain topics Definitions History Methods Abortion debate Philosophical aspects Abortion law Movements Abortion-rights movements Anti-abortion movements Issues Abortion and mental health Beginning of human personhood Beginning of pregnancy controversy Abortion-breast cancer hypothesis Anti-abortion violence Abortion under communism Birth control Crisis pregnancy center Ethical aspects of abortion Eugenics Fetal rights Forced abortion Genetics and abortion Late-term abortion Legalized abortion and crime effect Libertarian perspectives on abortion Limit of viability Malthusianism Men's rights Minors and abortion Misinformation related to abortion Natalism One-child policy Paternal rights and abortion Post-abortion care Prenatal development Reproductive rights Self-induced abortion Sex-selective abortion Sidewalk counseling Societal attitudes towards abortion Socialism Termination for medical reasons Toxic abortion Unsafe abortion Women's rights By countryAfrica Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Egypt Ghana Kenya Namibia Nigeria South Africa Uganda Zimbabwe Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor Georgia India Iran Israel Japan Kazakhstan South Korea Laos Lebanon Malaysia Nepal Northern Cyprus Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Turkey United Arab Emirates Vietnam Yemen Europe Albania Andorra Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom North America Bahamas Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Trinidad and Tobago United States Oceania Australia Micronesia Fiji Kiribati Marshall Islands New Zealand Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu South America Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela Law Case law Constitutional law History of abortion law Laws by country Buffer zones Conscientious objection Fetal protection Six-week bans Informed consent Late-term restrictions Parental involvement Spousal consent Methods Vacuum aspiration Dilation and evacuation Dilation and curettage Intact D&X Hysterotomy Instillation Menstrual extraction Medical abortion Abortifacient drugs Methotrexate Mifepristone Misoprostol Oxytocin Self-induced abortion Unsafe abortion Religion Buddhism Christianity Catholicism Hinduism Islam Judaism Scientology Category This abortion-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Abortion in Tuvalu"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus_Nedregotten
Magnus Nedregotten
["1 Career","1.1 Juniors","1.2 Mixed doubles","1.3 Mixed curling","1.4 Men's","2 Personal life","3 References","4 External links"]
Norwegian curler Magnus NedregottenCurlerBorn (1990-10-24) 24 October 1990 (age 33)Stavanger, NorwayTeamCurling clubOppdal CK, Oppdal, NORSkipSteffen WalstadThirdMagnus NedregottenSecondMathias BrændenLeadMagnus VågbergAlternateAndreas HårstadMixed doublespartnerKristin SkaslienCurling career Member Association NorwayWorld Championshipappearances2 (2017, 2018)World Mixed Doubles Championshipappearances8 (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2024)European Championshipappearances4 (2018, 2019, 2021, 2022)Olympicappearances2 (2018, 2022) Medal record Curling Representing  Norway Winter Olympics 2022 Beijing Mixed doubles 2018 Pyeongchang Mixed doubles World Junior Curling Championships 2011 Perth World Mixed Doubles Championships 2021 Aberdeen 2015 Sochi 2024 Östersund European Mixed Curling Championship 2014 Copenhagen Winter Universiade 2015 Granada 2017 Almaty Magnus Victor Nedregotten (born 24 October 1990) is a Norwegian curler from Oslo. He currently plays third on Team Steffen Walstad. Career Juniors Nedregotten represented Norway in three World Junior Curling Championships. At the 2010 World Junior Curling Championships he played lead for the Steffen Mellemseter. The team would finish in 5th place. At the 2011 World Junior Curling Championships, he played second for the team which would win a bronze medal. At the 2012 World Junior Curling Championships, Nedregotten played third for the Norwegian team, skipped by Markus Snøve Høiberg. The team would finish 4th. Nedregotten would play on the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences team at both the 2013 and 2015 Winter Universiade, playing second in both events. In 2013, the team skipped by Høiberg finished 4th; in 2015, the team (skipped by Walstad) won the gold medal. Mixed doubles Nedregotten (left) with Skaslien Nedregotten would find much of his success in mixed team and mixed doubles curling. In mixed doubles, Nedregotten and partner Kristin Moen Skaslien have represented Norway in the 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2019 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championships. The pair have finished 4th, 5th, 3rd, 9th, 5th and 9th respectively. They represented Norway in the mixed doubles tournament at the 2018 Winter Olympics. They lost the bronze medal game against the Olympic Athletes from Russia, but due to a positive testing of meldonium from Alexander Krushelnitskiy, their bronze medals were stripped and given to Nedregotten and Skaslien. Nedregotten and Skaslien won the second leg of the 2018–19 Curling World Cup, defeating Switzerland's Jenny Perret and Martin Rios in the final. The pair also won the Grand Final of the Curling World Cup, defeating Canada's Laura Walker and Kirk Muyres in the final. Mixed curling Nedregotten has also represented Norway at the European Mixed Curling Championship, playing second for Walstad in both events. At the 2012 European Mixed Curling Championship, the team finished 5th, and at the 2014 European Mixed Curling Championship, the team brought back a silver medal for Norway. Men's Nedregotten won the Norwegian men's championship in 2016 with Høiberg skipping, though the team was not chosen to represent Norway at the World Championships. Walstad took over as skip of the team in 2016. Following a bronze medal performance at the 2017 Winter Universiade, the team qualified for the 2017 World Men's Curling Championship, where they finished 8th. The team also qualified for the 2018 World Men's Curling Championship, finishing in 5th place. The team also represented Norway at the 2018 European Curling Championships, finishing in 5th place. Personal life Nedregotten was also a competitive skier. He attended the Norway School of Sports Sciences. He is married to his mixed doubles partner Kristin Skaslien. References ^ "Magnus NEDREGOTTEN Biography, Olympic Medals, Records and Age". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 2023-03-22. ^ "NEDREGOTTEN Magnus Victor - Biographie". Data.fis-ski.com. Retrieved 2016-09-26. ^ "Russian curler stripped of Winter Olympics medal after admitting doping". The Guardian. 22 February 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018. ^ "PyeongChang Curling - Results & Videos". 2019-09-11. External links Magnus Nedregotten on the World Curling database Magnus Nedregotten at the International Ski and Snowboard Federation Magnus Nedregotten at Olympics.com Magnus Nedregotten at Olympedia
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"curler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling"},{"link_name":"Oslo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"third","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_(curling)"},{"link_name":"Steffen Walstad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steffen_Walstad"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Magnus Victor Nedregotten (born 24 October 1990) is a Norwegian curler from Oslo.[1] He currently plays third on Team Steffen Walstad.[2]","title":"Magnus Nedregotten"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"World Junior Curling Championships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Junior_Curling_Championships"},{"link_name":"2010 World Junior Curling Championships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_World_Junior_Curling_Championships"},{"link_name":"lead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_(curling)"},{"link_name":"Steffen Mellemseter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steffen_Mellemseter"},{"link_name":"2011 World Junior Curling Championships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_World_Junior_Curling_Championships"},{"link_name":"2012 World Junior Curling Championships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_World_Junior_Curling_Championships"},{"link_name":"third","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_(curling)"},{"link_name":"Markus Snøve Høiberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markus_Sn%C3%B8ve_H%C3%B8iberg"},{"link_name":"Norwegian School of Sport Sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_School_of_Sport_Sciences"},{"link_name":"2013","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Winter_Universiade"},{"link_name":"2015 Winter Universiade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Winter_Universiade"}],"sub_title":"Juniors","text":"Nedregotten represented Norway in three World Junior Curling Championships. At the 2010 World Junior Curling Championships he played lead for the Steffen Mellemseter. The team would finish in 5th place. At the 2011 World Junior Curling Championships, he played second for the team which would win a bronze medal. At the 2012 World Junior Curling Championships, Nedregotten played third for the Norwegian team, skipped by Markus Snøve Høiberg. The team would finish 4th.Nedregotten would play on the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences team at both the 2013 and 2015 Winter Universiade, playing second in both events. In 2013, the team skipped by Høiberg finished 4th; in 2015, the team (skipped by Walstad) won the gold medal.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kristin_Skaslien_and_Magnus_Nedregotten.jpg"},{"link_name":"mixed team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_curling"},{"link_name":"mixed doubles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubles_curling"},{"link_name":"Kristin Moen Skaslien","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristin_Moen_Skaslien"},{"link_name":"2013","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship"},{"link_name":"2014","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship"},{"link_name":"2015","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship"},{"link_name":"2016","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship"},{"link_name":"2017","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship"},{"link_name":"2019 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship"},{"link_name":"2018 Winter Olympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_-_Mixed_doubles_tournament"},{"link_name":"Olympic Athletes from Russia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Athletes_from_Russia_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Alexander Krushelnitskiy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Krushelnitskiy"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"second leg of the 2018–19 Curling World Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Curling_World_Cup_%E2%80%93_Second_Leg"},{"link_name":"Jenny Perret","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Perret"},{"link_name":"Martin Rios","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rios"},{"link_name":"Grand Final of the Curling World Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Curling_World_Cup_%E2%80%93_Grand_Final"},{"link_name":"Laura Walker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Walker_(curler)"},{"link_name":"Kirk Muyres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk_Muyres"}],"sub_title":"Mixed doubles","text":"Nedregotten (left) with SkaslienNedregotten would find much of his success in mixed team and mixed doubles curling. In mixed doubles, Nedregotten and partner Kristin Moen Skaslien have represented Norway in the 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2019 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championships. The pair have finished 4th, 5th, 3rd, 9th, 5th and 9th respectively. They represented Norway in the mixed doubles tournament at the 2018 Winter Olympics. They lost the bronze medal game against the Olympic Athletes from Russia, but due to a positive testing of meldonium from Alexander Krushelnitskiy, their bronze medals were stripped and given to Nedregotten and Skaslien.[3]Nedregotten and Skaslien won the second leg of the 2018–19 Curling World Cup, defeating Switzerland's Jenny Perret and Martin Rios in the final. The pair also won the Grand Final of the Curling World Cup, defeating Canada's Laura Walker and Kirk Muyres in the final.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"European Mixed Curling Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Mixed_Curling_Championship"},{"link_name":"2012 European Mixed Curling Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_European_Mixed_Curling_Championship"},{"link_name":"2014 European Mixed Curling Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_European_Mixed_Curling_Championship"}],"sub_title":"Mixed curling","text":"Nedregotten has also represented Norway at the European Mixed Curling Championship, playing second for Walstad in both events. At the 2012 European Mixed Curling Championship, the team finished 5th, and at the 2014 European Mixed Curling Championship, the team brought back a silver medal for Norway.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2017 Winter Universiade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Winter_Universiade"},{"link_name":"2017 World Men's Curling Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_World_Men%27s_Curling_Championship"},{"link_name":"2018 World Men's Curling Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_World_Men%27s_Curling_Championship"},{"link_name":"2018 European Curling Championships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_European_Curling_Championships"}],"sub_title":"Men's","text":"Nedregotten won the Norwegian men's championship in 2016 with Høiberg skipping, though the team was not chosen to represent Norway at the World Championships. Walstad took over as skip of the team in 2016. Following a bronze medal performance at the 2017 Winter Universiade, the team qualified for the 2017 World Men's Curling Championship, where they finished 8th. The team also qualified for the 2018 World Men's Curling Championship, finishing in 5th place. The team also represented Norway at the 2018 European Curling Championships, finishing in 5th place.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Norway School of Sports Sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norway_School_of_Sports_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Nedregotten was also a competitive skier. He attended the Norway School of Sports Sciences.[4]He is married to his mixed doubles partner Kristin Skaslien.","title":"Personal life"}]
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null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Le_Carre
John le Carré
["1 Early life and education","2 Work in security services","3 Writing","3.1 Themes","3.2 Other writing, film cameos","4 Politics","4.1 Threats to democracy","4.2 Brexit","4.3 US invasion of Iraq","4.4 Iran","4.5 Israel","5 Personal life","6 Selected bibliography","6.1 Novels","7 Archive","8 Awards and honours","9 Citations","9.1 Sources","10 Further reading","11 External links"]
British novelist and former spy (1931–2020) John le CarréLe Carré in Hamburg, 2008BornDavid John Moore Cornwell(1931-10-19)19 October 1931Poole, EnglandDied12 December 2020(2020-12-12) (aged 89)Truro, EnglandOccupationNovelistintelligence officerCitizenshipUnited KingdomIreland (c. 2020)EducationUniversity of BernLincoln College, Oxford (BA)GenreSpy fictionNotable worksThe Spy Who Came in from the ColdTinker Tailor Soldier SpyThe Honourable SchoolboySmiley's PeopleThe Little Drummer GirlA Perfect SpyThe Night ManagerThe Tailor of PanamaThe Constant GardenerSpouse Alison Sharp ​ ​(m. 1954; div. 1971)​ Valerie Eustace ​ ​(m. 1972)​Children4, including NicholasRelativesAnthony Cornwell (brother)Rupert Cornwell (half-brother)Charlotte Cornwell (half-sister)SignatureWebsiteOfficial website David John Moore Cornwell (19 October 1931 – 12 December 2020), better known by his pen name John le Carré (/ləˈkæreɪ/ lə-KARR-ay), was a British and Irish author, best known for his espionage novels, many of which were successfully adapted for film or television. A "sophisticated, morally ambiguous writer", he is considered one of the greatest novelists of the postwar era. During the 1950s and 1960s, he worked for both the Security Service (MI5) and the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6). Near the end of his life, le Carré became an Irish citizen. Le Carré's third novel, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963), became an international best-seller, was adapted as an award-winning film, and remains one of his best-known works. This success allowed him to leave MI6 to become a full-time author. His other novels that have been adapted for film or television include The Looking Glass War (1965), Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1974), Smiley's People (1979), The Little Drummer Girl (1983), The Russia House (1989), The Night Manager (1993), The Tailor of Panama (1996), The Constant Gardener (2001), A Most Wanted Man (2008) and Our Kind of Traitor (2010). Philip Roth said that A Perfect Spy (1986) was "the best English novel since the war". Early life and education David John Moore Cornwell was born on 19 October 1931 in Poole, Dorset, England, son of Ronald Thomas Archibald (Ronnie) Cornwell (1905–1975), and Olive Moore Cornwell (née Glassey, 1906–1989). His older brother, Tony (1929–2017), was an advertising executive and county cricketer (for Dorset), who later lived in the United States. His younger half-sister was the actress Charlotte Cornwell (1949–2021), and his younger half-brother, Rupert Cornwell (1946–2017), was a former Washington bureau chief for The Independent. Cornwell had little early memory of his mother, who had left their family home when he was five years old. His maternal uncle was Liberal MP Alec Glassey. When Cornwell was 21 years old, Glassey gave him the address in Ipswich where his mother was living; mother and son reunited at Ipswich railway station, at her written invitation, following Cornwell's initial letter of reconciliation. Cornwell's father- who escaped from his "orthodox but repressive upbringing" as son of "a respectable nonconformist bricklayer who became a house builder and mayor of Poole"- had been jailed for insurance fraud and was a known associate of the Kray twins. The family was continually in debt. The father–son relationship has been described as "difficult". The Guardian reported that Le Carré recalled that he had been "beaten up by his father and grew up mostly starved of affection after his mother abandoned him at the age of five". Rick Pym, a scheming con man and the father of A Perfect Spy protagonist Magnus Pym, was based on Ronnie. When his father died in 1975, Cornwell paid for a memorial funeral service but did not attend, a plot point repeated in A Perfect Spy. Cornwell's schooling began at St Andrew's Preparatory School, near Pangbourne, Berkshire, and continued at Sherborne School. He grew unhappy with the typically harsh English public school regime of the time and disliked his disciplinarian housemaster. He left Sherborne early to study foreign languages at the University of Bern from 1948 to 1949. In 1950, he was called up for National Service and served in the Intelligence Corps of the British Army garrisoned in Allied-occupied Austria, working as a German language interrogator of people who had crossed the Iron Curtain to the West. In 1952, he returned to England to study at Lincoln College, Oxford, where he worked covertly for the Security Service, MI5, spying on far-left groups for information about possible Soviet agents. During his studies, he was a member of The Gridiron Club and a college dining society known as The Goblin Club. When his father was declared bankrupt in 1954, Cornwell left Oxford to teach at Millfield Preparatory School; however, a year later, he returned to Oxford, and graduated in 1956 with a First-Class degree in Modern Languages with a German Literature concentration. He then taught French and German at Eton College for two years, becoming an MI5 officer in 1958. Work in security services He ran agents, conducted interrogations, tapped telephone lines and effected break-ins. Encouraged by Lord Clanmorris (who wrote crime novels as "John Bingham"), and while being an active MI5 officer, Cornwell began writing his first novel, Call for the Dead (1961). Cornwell identified Lord Clanmorris as one of two models for George Smiley, the spymaster of the Circus, the other being Vivian H. H. Green. As a schoolboy, Cornwell first met the latter when Green was the Chaplain and Assistant Master at Sherborne School (1942–51). The friendship continued after Green's move to Lincoln College, where he tutored Cornwell. In 1960, Cornwell transferred to MI6, the foreign-intelligence service, and worked under the cover of Second Secretary at the British Embassy in Bonn. He was later transferred to Hamburg as a political consul. There, he wrote the detective story A Murder of Quality (1962) and The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963), as "John le Carré"—a pseudonym required because Foreign Office staff were forbidden to publish under their own names. The meaning of the pseudonym is ambiguous: he sometimes said he had seen "le Carré" on a storefront, and later said he couldn't remember an origin. When translated, "le carré" means "the square". In 1964, le Carré's career as an intelligence officer came to an end as the result of the betrayal of British agents' covers to the KGB by Kim Philby, the infamous British double agent, one of the Cambridge Five. Le Carré depicted and analysed Philby as the upper-class traitor, codenamed "Gerald" by the KGB, the mole hunted by George Smiley in Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1974). Writing Le Carré's first two novels, Call for the Dead (1961) and A Murder of Quality (1962), are mystery fiction. Each features a retired spy, George Smiley, investigating a death; in the first book, the apparent suicide of a suspected communist, and in the second volume, a murder at a boys' public school. Although Call for the Dead evolves into an espionage story, Smiley's motives are more personal than political. Le Carré's third novel, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963), became an international best-seller and remains one of his best-known works; following its publication, he left MI6 to become a full-time writer. Although le Carré had intended The Spy Who Came in from the Cold as an indictment of espionage as morally compromised, audiences widely viewed its protagonist, Alec Leamas, as a tragic hero. In response, le Carré's next book, The Looking Glass War, was a satire about an increasingly deadly espionage mission which ultimately proves pointless. Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, The Honourable Schoolboy and Smiley's People (the Karla trilogy) brought Smiley back as the central figure in a sprawling espionage saga depicting his efforts first to root out a mole in the Circus and then to entrap his Soviet rival and counterpart, code-named 'Karla'. The trilogy was originally meant to be a long-running series that would find Smiley dispatching agents after Karla all around the world. Smiley's People marked the last time Smiley featured as the central character in a le Carré story, although he brought the character back in The Secret Pilgrim and A Legacy of Spies. A Perfect Spy (1986), which chronicles the boyhood moral education of Magnus Pym and how it leads to his becoming a spy, is the author's most autobiographical espionage novel, reflecting the boy's very close relationship with his con man father. Biographer LynnDianne Beene describes the novelist's own father, Ronnie Cornwell, as "an epic con man of little education, immense charm, extravagant tastes, but no social values". Le Carré reflected that "writing A Perfect Spy is probably what a very wise shrink would have advised". He also wrote a semi-autobiographical work, The Naïve and Sentimental Lover (1971), as the story of a man's midlife existential crisis. Italian cover of The Russia House (1989) With the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, le Carré's writing shifted to the portrayal of the new multilateral world. His first completely post-Cold War novel, The Night Manager (1993), deals with drug and arms smuggling in the world of Latin American drug lords, secretive Caribbean banking entities and corrupt Western officials. His final novel, Silverview, was published posthumously in 2021. Themes Most of le Carré's books are spy stories set during the Cold War (1945–91) and portray British Intelligence agents as unheroic political functionaries, aware of the moral ambiguity of their work and engaged more in psychological than physical drama. While " was the genre that earned him fame...he used it as a platform to explore larger ethical problems and the human condition". The insight he demonstrated led "many fellow authors and critics him as one of the finest English-language novelists of the twentieth century." His writing explores "human frailty—moral ambiguity, intrigue, nuance, doubt, and cowardice". The fallibility of Western democracy – and of its secret services – is a recurring theme, as are suggestions of a possible east–west moral equivalence. Characters experience little of the violence typically encountered in action thrillers and have very little recourse to gadgets. Much of the conflict is internal, rather than external and visible. The recurring character George Smiley, who plays a central role in five novels and appears as a supporting character in four more, was written as an "antidote" to James Bond, a character le Carré called "an international gangster" rather than a spy and who he felt should be excluded from the canon of espionage literature. In contrast, he intended Smiley, who is an overweight, bespectacled bureaucrat who uses cunning and manipulation to achieve his ends, as an accurate depiction of a spy. Le Carré's "writing entered intelligence services themselves. He popularized the term 'mole'...and other language that has become intelligence vernacular on both sides of the Atlantic — 'honeytrap', 'scalphunter', 'lamplighter' to name a few." However, in his first tweet as MI6's chief, Richard Moore revealed the agency's "complicated relationship with the author: He urged would-be Smileys not to apply to the service." Other writing, film cameos Le Carré records a number of incidents from his period as a diplomat in his autobiographical work, The Pigeon Tunnel: Stories from My Life (2016), which include escorting six visiting German parliamentarians to a London brothel and translating at a meeting between a senior German politician and Harold Macmillan. As a journalist, le Carré wrote The Unbearable Peace (1991), a nonfiction account of Brigadier Jean-Louis Jeanmaire (1911–1992), the Swiss Army officer, who spied for the Soviet Union from 1962 until 1975. Credited under his pen name, le Carré appears as an extra in the 2011 film version of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, among the guests at the Christmas party in several flashback scenes. He also appears in an uncredited cameo role (as a museum usher) in the 2016 movie Our Kind of Traitor. Politics Threats to democracy In 2017, le Carré expressed concerns over the future of liberal democracy, saying: "I think of all things that were happening across Europe in the 1930s, in Spain, in Japan, obviously in Germany. To me, these are absolutely comparable signs of the rise of fascism and it's contagious, it's infectious. Fascism is up and running in Poland and Hungary. There's an encouragement about". He later wrote that the end of the Cold War had left the West without a coherent ideology, in contrast to the "notion of individual freedom, of inclusiveness, of tolerance – all of that we called anti-communism" prevailing during that time. Le Carré opposed both U.S. President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin, arguing that their desire to seek or maintain their countries' superpower status caused an impulse "for oligarchy, the dismissal of the truth, the contempt, actually, for the electorate and for the democratic system". Le Carré compared Trump's tendency to dismiss the media as "fake news" to the Nazi book burnings, and wrote that the United States is "heading straight down the road to institutional racism and neo-fascism". In le Carré's 2019 novel Agent Running in the Field, one of the novel's characters refers to Trump as "Putin's shithouse cleaner" who "does everything for little Vladi that little Vladi can't do for himself". The novel's narrator describes Boris Johnson as "a pig-ignorant foreign secretary". He says Russia is moving "backwards into her dark, delusional past", with Britain following a short way behind. Le Carré later said that he believed the novel's plotline, involving the U.S. and British intelligence services colluding to subvert the European Union, to be "horribly possible". Brexit Le Carré was an outspoken advocate of European integration and sharply criticised Brexit. Le Carré criticised Brexit advocates such as Boris Johnson (whom he referred to as a "mob orator"), Dominic Cummings and Nigel Farage in interviews, claiming that their "task is to fire up the people with nostalgia with anger". He further opined in interviews: "What really scares me about nostalgia is that it's become a political weapon. Politicians are creating a nostalgia for an England that never existed, and selling it, really, as something we could return to", adding that, with "the demise of the working class we saw also the demise of an established social order, based on the stability of ancient class structures". On the other hand, he said that in the Labour Party "they have this Leninist element and they have this huge appetite to level society." On Brexit, le Carré did not mince his words, comparing it to the 1956 Suez crisis, which confirmed post-imperial Britain's loss of global power. "This is without doubt the greatest catastrophe and the greatest idiocy that Britain has perpetrated since the invasion of Suez", le Carré said of Brexit. "Nobody is to blame but the Brits themselves – not the Irish, not the Europeans." "The idea, to me, that at the moment we should imagine we can substitute access to the biggest trade union in the world with access to the American market is terrifying", he said. Speaking to The Guardian in 2019, he commented: "I've always believed, though ironically it's not the way I've voted, that it's compassionate conservatism that in the end could, for example, integrate the private schooling system. If you do it from the left you will seem to be acting out of resentment; do it from the right and it looks like good social organisation." Le Carré also said: "I think my own ties to England were hugely loosened over the last few years. And it's a kind of liberation, if a sad kind." US invasion of Iraq In January 2003, two months prior to the invasion, The Times published le Carré's essay "The United States Has Gone Mad" criticising the buildup to the Iraq War and President George W. Bush's response to the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, calling it "worse than McCarthyism, worse than the Bay of Pigs and in the long term potentially more disastrous than the Vietnam War" and "beyond anything Osama bin Laden could have hoped for in his nastiest dreams". Le Carré participated in the London protests against the Iraq War. He said the war resulted from the "politicisation of intelligence to fit the political intentions" of governments and "How Bush and his junta succeeded in deflecting America's anger from bin Laden to Saddam Hussein is one of the great public relations conjuring tricks of history". He was critical of Tony Blair's role in taking Britain into the Iraq War, saying: "I can't understand that Blair has an afterlife at all. It seems to me that any politician who takes his country to war under false pretences has committed the ultimate sin. I think that a war in which we refuse to accept the body count of those that we kill is also a war of which we should be ashamed." Iran Le Carré was critical of Western governments' policies towards Iran. He said that Iran's actions are a response to being "encircled by nuclear powers" and by the way in which "we ousted Mosaddeq through the CIA and the Secret Service here across the way and installed the Shah and trained his ghastly secret police force in all the black arts, the SAVAK". Le Carré feuded with Salman Rushdie over The Satanic Verses, stating: "Nobody has a God-given right to insult a great religion and be published with impunity". Israel In a 1998 interview with Douglas Davis, Le Carré described Israel as "the most extraordinary carnival of human variety that I have ever set eyes on, a nation in the process of re-assembling itself from the shards of its past, now Oriental, now Western, now secular, now religious, but always anxiously moralizing about itself, criticizing itself with Maoist ferocity, a nation crackling with debate, rediscovering its past while it fought for its future." He declared: "No nation on earth was more deserving of peace—or more condemned to fight for it." Personal life In 1954, Cornwell married Alison Ann Veronica Sharp. They had three sons: Simon, Stephen and Timothy; they divorced in 1971. In 1972, Cornwell married Valerie Jane Eustace, a book editor with Hodder & Stoughton who collaborated with him behind the scenes. They had a son, Nicholas, who writes as Nick Harkaway. Le Carré lived in St Buryan, Cornwall, for more than 40 years; he owned a mile of cliff near Land's End.The house, Tregiffian Cottage, was put up for sale in 2023 for £3 million. Le Carré also owned a house in Gainsborough Gardens in Hampstead in north London. Le Carré was so disillusioned by the 2016 Brexit vote to leave the European Union that he secured Irish citizenship. In a BBC documentary broadcast in 2021, le Carré's son Nicholas revealed that his father's disillusionment with modern Britain, and Brexit in particular, had driven him to embrace his Irish heritage and become an Irish citizen. At the time of his death, le Carré's friend, the novelist John Banville, confirmed that the writer had researched his family roots in Inchinattin, near Rosscarbery, County Cork, and that he had applied for an Irish passport, to which he was entitled having completed the process of becoming an Irish citizen and having Irish ancestry through his maternal grandmother, Olive Wolfe. His neighbour and friend Philippe Sands recalled: He became an Irishman through his maternal grandmother. And it was very, very moving, I have to say, to arrive at the place of the memorial to find an Irish flag and only an Irish flag. He had really in the last years, grown very disillusioned with what had happened to Britain and the United Kingdom. Le Carré died at Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, on 12 December 2020, aged 89. An inquest completed in June 2021 concluded that le Carré died after sustaining a fall at his home. His wife Valerie died on 27 February 2021, two months after her husband, at age 82. In 2023, biographer Adam Sisman in The Secret Life of John le Carré identified 11 women with whom le Carré had affairs during his second marriage. Le Carré's son Timothy died on 31 May 2022 at the age of 59, shortly after he finished editing A Private Spy, a collection of his father's letters. Selected bibliography Main article: John le Carré bibliography Novels Call for the Dead (1961), OCLC 751303381 A Murder of Quality (1962), OCLC 777015390 The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963), OCLC 561198531 The Looking Glass War (1965), OCLC 752987890 A Small Town in Germany (1968), ISBN 0-143-12260-6 The Naïve and Sentimental Lover (1971), ISBN 0-143-11975-3 Smiley Versus Karla trilogy Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1974), ISBN 0-143-12093-X The Honourable Schoolboy (1977), ISBN 0-143-11973-7 Smiley's People (1979), ISBN 0-340-99439-8 The Little Drummer Girl (1983), ISBN 0-143-11974-5 A Perfect Spy (1986), ISBN 0-143-11976-1 The Russia House (1989), ISBN 0-743-46466-4 The Secret Pilgrim (1990), ISBN 0-345-50442-9 The Night Manager (1993), ISBN 0-345-38576-4 Our Game (1995), ISBN 0-345-40000-3 The Tailor of Panama (1996), ISBN 0-345-42043-8 Single & Single (1999), ISBN 0-743-45806-0 The Constant Gardener (2001), ISBN 0-743-28720-7 Absolute Friends (2003), ISBN 0-670-04489-X The Mission Song (2006), ISBN 0-340-92199-4 A Most Wanted Man (2008), ISBN 1-416-59609-7 Our Kind of Traitor (2010), ISBN 0-143-11972-9 A Delicate Truth (2013), ISBN 0-143-12531-1 A Legacy of Spies (2017), ISBN 978-0-735-22511-4 Agent Running in the Field (2019), ISBN 1984878875 Silverview (2021), ISBN 9780241550069 Archive In 2010, le Carré donated his literary archive to the Bodleian Library, Oxford. The initial 85 boxes of material deposited included handwritten drafts of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy and The Constant Gardener. The library hosted a public display of these and other items to mark World Book Day in March 2011. Awards and honours 1963, British Crime Writers' Association Gold Dagger for The Spy Who Came in from the Cold 1964, Somerset Maugham Award for The Spy Who Came in from the Cold 1965, Mystery Writers of America Edgar Award for The Spy Who Came in from the Cold 1977, British Crime Writers' Association Gold Dagger for The Honourable Schoolboy 1977, James Tait Black Memorial Prize Fiction Award for The Honourable Schoolboy 1983, Japan Adventure Fiction Association Prize for The Little Drummer Girl 1984, Honorary Fellow Lincoln College, Oxford 1984, Mystery Writers of America Edgar Grand Master 1988, Crime Writers' Association Diamond Dagger Lifetime Achievement Award 1988, The Malaparte Prize, Italy 1990, Honorary degree, University of Exeter 1990, Helmerich Award of the Tulsa Library Trust. 1996, Honorary degree, University of St. Andrews 1997, Honorary degree, University of Southampton 1998, Honorary degree, University of Bath 2005, Crime Writers' Association Dagger of Daggers for The Spy Who Came in from the Cold 2005, Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters, France 2008, honorary doctorate, University of Bern 2011, Goethe Medal, awarded by the Goethe Institute 2012, Honorary degree of Doctor of Letters, University of Oxford 2020, Olof Palme Prize – le Carré donated the US$100,000 prize money to Médecins Sans Frontières. 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University of Southampton. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013. ^ "Honorary Graduates 1989 to Present". bath.ac.uk. University of Bath. Archived from the original on 19 December 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2012. ^ "John le Carré Wins the Dagger of Daggers". Crime Writers' Association. Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013. ^ "Bern University Honours John le Carré". Swiss Broadcasting Corporation. 6 December 2008. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2013. ^ "The Goethe Medal – Award Recipients 1955–2012". Goethe Institute. Archived from the original on 26 December 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2013. ^ Flood, Alison (21 June 2011). "Germany honours Le Carré with Goethe Medal". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020. ^ "Oxford Announces Honorary Degrees for 2012". University of Oxford. 19 January 2012. Archived from the original on 26 April 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2013. ^ "2019 – David Cornwell/John le Carré". The Olof Palme Memorial Fund. 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020. ^ Flood, Alison; Cain, Sian (10 January 2020). "John le Carré wins $100,000 prize for 'contribution to democracy'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020. ^ "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945". The Times. 5 January 2008. Archived from the original on 19 January 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2015. Sources Beene, Lynn Dianne (1992). John le Carré. New York: Twayne Publishers. ISBN 9780805770131. Cobbs, John L. (1998). Understanding John Le Carré. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-168-7. Manning, Toby (25 January 2018). John le Carré and the Cold War. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-350-03640-6. Further reading Aronoff, Myron J. (1998). The Spy Novels of John le Carré: Balancing Ethics and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780312299453. ISBN 9780312214821. Bruccoli, Matthew J.; Baughman, Judith S., eds. (2004). Conversations with John le Carré. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-57806-669-8. Dawson, Suleika (2022). The Secret Heart – John Le Carré: An Intimate Memoir. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780008533038. Sisman, Adam (2015). John le Carré: The Biography. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781408827932. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to John le Carré. Wikiquote has quotations related to John le Carré. John le Carré at IMDb  Two interviews at NPR's Fresh Air John le Carré discography at Discogs Two letters at Leeds University Library Portraits of John le Carré at the National Portrait Gallery, London vteWorks by John le CarréNovels Call for the Dead (1961) A Murder of Quality (1962) The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963) The Looking Glass War (1965) A Small Town in Germany (1968) The Naïve and Sentimental Lover (1971) Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1974) The Honourable Schoolboy (1977) Smiley's People (1979) The Little Drummer Girl (1983) A Perfect Spy (1986) The Russia House (1989) The Secret Pilgrim (1990) The Night Manager (1993) Our Game (1995) The Tailor of Panama (1996) Single & Single (1999) The Constant Gardener (2001) Absolute Friends (2003) The Mission Song (2006) A Most Wanted Man (2008) Our Kind of Traitor (2010) A Delicate Truth (2013) A Legacy of Spies (2017) Agent Running in the Field (2019) Silverview (2021) Films The Spy Who Came In from the Cold (1965) The Deadly Affair (1967) The Looking Glass War (1970) The Little Drummer Girl (1984) The Russia House (1990) The Tailor of Panama (2001) The Constant Gardener (2005) Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011) A Most Wanted Man (2014) Our Kind of Traitor (2016) Television Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1979) Smiley's People (1982) A Perfect Spy (1987) A Murder of Quality (1991) The Night Manager (2016) The Little Drummer Girl (2018) Characters Control Toby Esterhase Peter Guillam Bill Haydon Karla Jim Prideaux Connie Sachs George Smiley Gerald Westerby Miscellaneous Moscow Centre Constant Gardener Trust The Incongruous Spy Smiley Versus Karla Category vteEdgar Allan Poe Award for Best Novel Charlotte Jay (1954) Raymond Chandler (1955) Margaret Millar (1956) Charlotte Armstrong (1957) Ed Lacy (1958) Stanley Ellin (1959) Celia Fremlin (1960) Julian Symons (1961) J.J. Marric (1962) Ellis Peters (1963) Eric Ambler (1964) John le Carré (1965) Adam Hall (1966) Nicolas Freeling (1967) Donald E. Westlake (1968) Jeffrey Hudson (1969) Dick Francis (1970) Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö (1971) Frederick Forsyth (1972) Warren Kiefer (1973) Tony Hillerman (1974) Jon Cleary (1975) Brian Garfield (1976) Robert B. Parker (1977) William H. Hallahan (1978) Ken Follett (1979) Arthur Maling (1980) Dick Francis (1981) William Bayer (1982) Rick Boyer (1983) Elmore Leonard (1984) Ross Thomas (1985) L.R. Wright (1986) Barbara Vine (1987) Aaron Elkins (1988) Stuart M. Kaminsky (1989) James Lee Burke (1990) Julie Smith (1991) Lawrence Block (1992) Margaret Maron (1993) Minette Walters (1994) Mary Willis Walker (1995) Dick Francis (1996) Thomas H. Cook (1997) James Lee Burke (1998) Robert Clark (1999) Jan Burke (2000) Joe R. Lansdale (2001) T. Jefferson Parker (2002) S. J. Rozan (2003) Ian Rankin (2004) T. Jefferson Parker (2005) Jess Walter (2006) Jason Goodwin (2007) John Hart (2008) C. J. Box (2009) John Hart (2010) Steve Hamilton (2011) Mo Hayder (2012) Dennis Lehane (2013) William Kent Krueger (2014) Stephen King (2015) Lori Roy (2016) Noah Hawley (2017) Attica Locke (2018) Walter Mosley (2019) Elly Griffiths (2020) Deepa Anappara (2021) James Kestrel (2022) Danya Kukafka (2023) vteUSC Scripter Awards – Television2010s David Simon, William F. Zorzi, and Lisa Belkin (2015) David Farr and John le Carré / Scott Alexander, Larry Karaszewski, and Jeffrey Toobin (2016) Bruce Miller and Margaret Atwood (2017) Russell T Davies and John Preston (2018) Phoebe Waller-Bridge (2019) 2020s Scott Frank and Walter Tevis (2020) Danny Strong and Beth Macy (2021) Will Smith and Mick Herron (2022) Will Smith and Mick Herron (2023) Authority control databases International FAST ISNI 2 VIAF WorldCat National Norway Spain France BnF data Argentina Catalonia Germany Italy Israel Finland Belgium United States Sweden Latvia Japan Czech Republic Australia Greece Korea Croatia Netherlands Poland Portugal Academics CiNii Artists MusicBrainz People Deutsche Biographie Trove Other IdRef
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"/ləˈkæreɪ/","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English"},{"link_name":"lə-KARR-ay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"espionage novels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espionage_novel"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYT-3"},{"link_name":"MI5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MI5"},{"link_name":"MI6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MI6"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Luke-4"},{"link_name":"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Came_in_from_the_Cold"},{"link_name":"award-winning film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Came_In_from_the_Cold_(film)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"The Looking Glass War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Looking_Glass_War"},{"link_name":"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinker_Tailor_Soldier_Spy"},{"link_name":"Smiley's People","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smiley%27s_People"},{"link_name":"The Little Drummer Girl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Little_Drummer_Girl"},{"link_name":"The Russia House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Russia_House"},{"link_name":"The Night Manager","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Night_Manager"},{"link_name":"The Tailor of Panama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tailor_of_Panama"},{"link_name":"The Constant Gardener","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Constant_Gardener"},{"link_name":"A Most Wanted Man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Most_Wanted_Man"},{"link_name":"Our Kind of Traitor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Kind_of_Traitor_(novel)"},{"link_name":"Philip Roth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Roth"},{"link_name":"A Perfect Spy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Perfect_Spy"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYT-3"}],"text":"David John Moore Cornwell (19 October 1931 – 12 December 2020), better known by his pen name John le Carré (/ləˈkæreɪ/ lə-KARR-ay),[1] was a British and Irish author,[2] best known for his espionage novels, many of which were successfully adapted for film or television. A \"sophisticated, morally ambiguous writer\",[3] he is considered one of the greatest novelists of the postwar era. During the 1950s and 1960s, he worked for both the Security Service (MI5) and the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6).[4] Near the end of his life, le Carré became an Irish citizen.Le Carré's third novel, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963), became an international best-seller, was adapted as an award-winning film, and remains one of his best-known works. This success allowed him to leave MI6 to become a full-time author.[5] His other novels that have been adapted for film or television include The Looking Glass War (1965), Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1974), Smiley's People (1979), The Little Drummer Girl (1983), The Russia House (1989), The Night Manager (1993), The Tailor of Panama (1996), The Constant Gardener (2001), A Most Wanted Man (2008) and Our Kind of Traitor (2010). Philip Roth said that A Perfect Spy (1986) was \"the best English novel since the war\".[3]","title":"John le Carré"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Poole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poole"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BBC_obit-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Guardian_Homberger-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Tony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Cornwell"},{"link_name":"county cricketer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_cricket"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Charlotte Cornwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Cornwell"},{"link_name":"Rupert Cornwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Cornwell"},{"link_name":"Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C."},{"link_name":"The Independent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-indy-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-time-13"},{"link_name":"Liberal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)"},{"link_name":"Alec Glassey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec_Glassey"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-scholarlinguist-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Brennan-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"insurance fraud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurance_fraud"},{"link_name":"Kray twins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kray_twins"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Brennan-15"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Luke-4"},{"link_name":"A Perfect Spy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Perfect_Spy"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Brennan-15"},{"link_name":"St Andrew's Preparatory School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_School,_Pangbourne"},{"link_name":"Pangbourne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangbourne"},{"link_name":"Sherborne School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherborne_School"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-20"},{"link_name":"English public school","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_public_school"},{"link_name":"University of Bern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bern"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-observer-21"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-20"},{"link_name":"National Service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Service_Act_1948"},{"link_name":"Intelligence Corps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_Corps_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"British Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army"},{"link_name":"Allied-occupied Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied-occupied_Austria"},{"link_name":"Iron Curtain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Curtain"},{"link_name":"Lincoln College, Oxford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_College,_Oxford"},{"link_name":"MI5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MI5"},{"link_name":"far-left","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-left_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Soviet agents","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Soviet_espionage"},{"link_name":"The Gridiron Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gridiron_Club_(Oxford_University)"},{"link_name":"The Goblin Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_University_of_Oxford_dining_clubs"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-observer-21"},{"link_name":"Millfield Preparatory School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millfield_Preparatory_School"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-scholarlinguist-14"},{"link_name":"German Literature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Literature"},{"link_name":"Eton College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eton_College"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-20"}],"text":"David John Moore Cornwell was born on 19 October 1931 in Poole, Dorset, England, son of[6][7] Ronald Thomas Archibald (Ronnie) Cornwell (1905–1975),[8][9] and Olive Moore Cornwell (née Glassey, 1906–1989). His older brother, Tony (1929–2017), was an advertising executive and county cricketer (for Dorset), who later lived in the United States.[10][11] His younger half-sister was the actress Charlotte Cornwell (1949–2021), and his younger half-brother, Rupert Cornwell (1946–2017), was a former Washington bureau chief for The Independent.[12][13] Cornwell had little early memory of his mother, who had left their family home when he was five years old. His maternal uncle was Liberal MP Alec Glassey.[14] When Cornwell was 21 years old, Glassey gave him the address in Ipswich where his mother was living; mother and son reunited at Ipswich railway station, at her written invitation, following Cornwell's initial letter of reconciliation.[15][16]Cornwell's father- who escaped from his \"orthodox but repressive upbringing\"[17] as son of \"a respectable nonconformist bricklayer who became a house builder and mayor of Poole\"-[18][19] had been jailed for insurance fraud and was a known associate of the Kray twins. The family was continually in debt. The father–son relationship has been described as \"difficult\".[15] The Guardian reported that Le Carré recalled that he had been \"beaten up by his father and grew up mostly starved of affection after his mother abandoned him at the age of five\".[4] Rick Pym, a scheming con man and the father of A Perfect Spy protagonist Magnus Pym, was based on Ronnie. When his father died in 1975, Cornwell paid for a memorial funeral service but did not attend, a plot point repeated in A Perfect Spy.[15]Cornwell's schooling began at St Andrew's Preparatory School, near Pangbourne, Berkshire, and continued at Sherborne School.[20] He grew unhappy with the typically harsh English public school regime of the time and disliked his disciplinarian housemaster. He left Sherborne early to study foreign languages at the University of Bern from 1948 to 1949.[21][20] In 1950, he was called up for National Service and served in the Intelligence Corps of the British Army garrisoned in Allied-occupied Austria, working as a German language interrogator of people who had crossed the Iron Curtain to the West. In 1952, he returned to England to study at Lincoln College, Oxford, where he worked covertly for the Security Service, MI5, spying on far-left groups for information about possible Soviet agents. During his studies, he was a member of The Gridiron Club and a college dining society known as The Goblin Club.[21]When his father was declared bankrupt in 1954, Cornwell left Oxford to teach at Millfield Preparatory School;[14] however, a year later, he returned to Oxford, and graduated in 1956 with a First-Class degree in Modern Languages with a German Literature concentration. He then taught French and German at Eton College for two years, becoming an MI5 officer in 1958.[20]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"tapped telephone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapped_telephone"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GartonAsh-TNY-1999-03-12-22"},{"link_name":"Lord Clanmorris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bingham,_7th_Baron_Clanmorris"},{"link_name":"Call for the Dead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_for_the_Dead"},{"link_name":"George Smiley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Smiley"},{"link_name":"Circus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Circus,_London"},{"link_name":"Vivian H. H. Green","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian_H._H._Green"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Singh-2011-24"},{"link_name":"MI6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MI6"},{"link_name":"Bonn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn"},{"link_name":"Hamburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg"},{"link_name":"consul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consul_(representative)"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-20"},{"link_name":"A Murder of Quality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Murder_of_Quality"},{"link_name":"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Came_in_from_the_Cold"},{"link_name":"Foreign Office","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BBC2020-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-27"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-27"},{"link_name":"covers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_(intelligence)"},{"link_name":"KGB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB"},{"link_name":"Kim Philby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Philby"},{"link_name":"double agent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_agent"},{"link_name":"Cambridge Five","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Five"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-observer-21"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Plimpton-28"},{"link_name":"mole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_(espionage)"},{"link_name":"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinker_Tailor_Soldier_Spy"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Brennan-15"}],"text":"He ran agents, conducted interrogations, tapped telephone lines and effected break-ins.[22] Encouraged by Lord Clanmorris (who wrote crime novels as \"John Bingham\"), and while being an active MI5 officer, Cornwell began writing his first novel, Call for the Dead (1961). Cornwell identified Lord Clanmorris as one of two models for George Smiley, the spymaster of the Circus, the other being Vivian H. H. Green.[23] As a schoolboy, Cornwell first met the latter when Green was the Chaplain and Assistant Master at Sherborne School (1942–51). The friendship continued after Green's move to Lincoln College, where he tutored Cornwell.[24]In 1960, Cornwell transferred to MI6, the foreign-intelligence service, and worked under the cover of Second Secretary at the British Embassy in Bonn. He was later transferred to Hamburg as a political consul.[20] There, he wrote the detective story A Murder of Quality (1962) and The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963), as \"John le Carré\"—a pseudonym required because Foreign Office staff were forbidden to publish under their own names.[25][26] The meaning of the pseudonym is ambiguous: he sometimes said he had seen \"le Carré\" on a storefront, and later said he couldn't remember an origin.[27] When translated, \"le carré\" means \"the square\".[27]In 1964, le Carré's career as an intelligence officer came to an end as the result of the betrayal of British agents' covers to the KGB by Kim Philby, the infamous British double agent, one of the Cambridge Five.[21][28] Le Carré depicted and analysed Philby as the upper-class traitor, codenamed \"Gerald\" by the KGB, the mole hunted by George Smiley in Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1974).[29][15]","title":"Work in security services"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Call for the Dead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_for_the_Dead"},{"link_name":"A Murder of Quality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Murder_of_Quality"},{"link_name":"mystery fiction","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystery_fiction"},{"link_name":"George Smiley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Smiley"},{"link_name":"public school","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LRB-30"},{"link_name":"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Came_in_from_the_Cold"},{"link_name":"tragic hero","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragic_hero"},{"link_name":"The Looking Glass War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Looking_Glass_War"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning201878,_90-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinker_Tailor_Soldier_Spy"},{"link_name":"The Honourable Schoolboy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Honourable_Schoolboy"},{"link_name":"Smiley's People","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smiley%27s_People"},{"link_name":"Karla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karla_(character)"},{"link_name":"The Secret Pilgrim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Secret_Pilgrim"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning2018183-33"},{"link_name":"A Legacy of Spies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Legacy_of_Spies"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning20184%E2%80%935-34"},{"link_name":"A Perfect Spy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Perfect_Spy"},{"link_name":"con man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_trick"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeene19922-36"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BBC_obit-6"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"The Naïve and Sentimental Lover","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Na%C3%AFve_and_Sentimental_Lover"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTECobbs199883-38"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_le_Carr%C3%A9_-_La_Casa_Russia_(The_Russia_House)_-_Mondadori_1989.jpg"},{"link_name":"Iron Curtain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Curtain"},{"link_name":"post-Cold War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era"},{"link_name":"The Night Manager","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Night_Manager"},{"link_name":"drug lords","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_lord"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"Silverview","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverview"}],"text":"Le Carré's first two novels, Call for the Dead (1961) and A Murder of Quality (1962), are mystery fiction. Each features a retired spy, George Smiley, investigating a death; in the first book, the apparent suicide of a suspected communist, and in the second volume, a murder at a boys' public school. Although Call for the Dead evolves into an espionage story, Smiley's motives are more personal than political.[30] Le Carré's third novel, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963), became an international best-seller and remains one of his best-known works; following its publication, he left MI6 to become a full-time writer. Although le Carré had intended The Spy Who Came in from the Cold as an indictment of espionage as morally compromised, audiences widely viewed its protagonist, Alec Leamas, as a tragic hero. In response, le Carré's next book, The Looking Glass War, was a satire about an increasingly deadly espionage mission which ultimately proves pointless.[31][32]Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, The Honourable Schoolboy and Smiley's People (the Karla trilogy) brought Smiley back as the central figure in a sprawling espionage saga depicting his efforts first to root out a mole in the Circus and then to entrap his Soviet rival and counterpart, code-named 'Karla'. The trilogy was originally meant to be a long-running series that would find Smiley dispatching agents after Karla all around the world. Smiley's People marked the last time Smiley featured as the central character in a le Carré story, although he brought the character back in The Secret Pilgrim[33] and A Legacy of Spies.[34]A Perfect Spy (1986), which chronicles the boyhood moral education of Magnus Pym and how it leads to his becoming a spy, is the author's most autobiographical espionage novel, reflecting the boy's very close relationship with his con man father.[35] Biographer LynnDianne Beene describes the novelist's own father, Ronnie Cornwell, as \"an epic con man of little education, immense charm, extravagant tastes, but no social values\".[36][6] Le Carré reflected that \"writing A Perfect Spy is probably what a very wise shrink would have advised\".[37] He also wrote a semi-autobiographical work, The Naïve and Sentimental Lover (1971), as the story of a man's midlife existential crisis.[38]Italian cover of The Russia House (1989)With the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, le Carré's writing shifted to the portrayal of the new multilateral world. His first completely post-Cold War novel, The Night Manager (1993), deals with drug and arms smuggling in the world of Latin American drug lords, secretive Caribbean banking entities and corrupt Western officials.[39][40]His final novel, Silverview, was published posthumously in 2021.","title":"Writing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"spy stories","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spy_fiction"},{"link_name":"Cold War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War"},{"link_name":"British Intelligence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Intelligence"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-contwriters-41"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FP-43"},{"link_name":"Western democracy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_democracy"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-contwriters-41"},{"link_name":"action thrillers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_thriller"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-contwriters-41"},{"link_name":"James Bond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bond"},{"link_name":"gangster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangster"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"bespectacled","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bespectacled"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FP-43"},{"link_name":"Richard Moore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Moore_(diplomat)"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FP-43"}],"sub_title":"Themes","text":"Most of le Carré's books are spy stories set during the Cold War (1945–91) and portray British Intelligence agents as unheroic political functionaries, aware of the moral ambiguity of their work and engaged more in psychological than physical drama.[41] While \"[espionage] was the genre that earned him fame...he used it as a platform to explore larger ethical problems and the human condition\". The insight he demonstrated led \"many fellow authors and critics [to regard] him as one of the finest English-language novelists of the twentieth century.\"[42] His writing explores \"human frailty—moral ambiguity, intrigue, nuance, doubt, and cowardice\".[43]The fallibility of Western democracy – and of its secret services – is a recurring theme, as are suggestions of a possible east–west moral equivalence.[41] Characters experience little of the violence typically encountered in action thrillers and have very little recourse to gadgets. Much of the conflict is internal, rather than external and visible.[41] The recurring character George Smiley, who plays a central role in five novels and appears as a supporting character in four more, was written as an \"antidote\" to James Bond, a character le Carré called \"an international gangster\" rather than a spy and who he felt should be excluded from the canon of espionage literature.[44] In contrast, he intended Smiley, who is an overweight, bespectacled bureaucrat who uses cunning and manipulation to achieve his ends, as an accurate depiction of a spy.[45]Le Carré's \"writing entered intelligence services themselves. He popularized the term 'mole'...and other language that has become intelligence vernacular on both sides of the Atlantic — 'honeytrap', 'scalphunter', 'lamplighter' to name a few.\"[43] However, in his first tweet as MI6's chief, Richard Moore revealed the agency's \"complicated relationship with the author: He urged would-be Smileys not to apply to the service.\"[43]","title":"Writing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Pigeon Tunnel: Stories from My Life","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pigeon_Tunnel:_Stories_from_My_Life"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"},{"link_name":"Harold Macmillan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Macmillan"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"},{"link_name":"Jean-Louis Jeanmaire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Louis_Jeanmaire"},{"link_name":"Swiss Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"},{"link_name":"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinker_Tailor_Soldier_Spy_(film)"},{"link_name":"Our Kind of Traitor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Kind_of_Traitor_(film)"}],"sub_title":"Other writing, film cameos","text":"Le Carré records a number of incidents from his period as a diplomat in his autobiographical work, The Pigeon Tunnel: Stories from My Life (2016), which include escorting six visiting German parliamentarians to a London brothel[46] and translating at a meeting between a senior German politician and Harold Macmillan.[47]As a journalist, le Carré wrote The Unbearable Peace (1991), a nonfiction account of Brigadier Jean-Louis Jeanmaire (1911–1992), the Swiss Army officer, who spied for the Soviet Union from 1962 until 1975.[48]Credited under his pen name, le Carré appears as an extra in the 2011 film version of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, among the guests at the Christmas party in several flashback scenes.\nHe also appears in an uncredited cameo role (as a museum usher) in the 2016 movie Our Kind of Traitor.","title":"Writing"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"liberal democracy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_democracy"},{"link_name":"fascism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"individual freedom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual_freedom"},{"link_name":"anti-communism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-communism"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"},{"link_name":"Donald Trump","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump"},{"link_name":"Vladimir Putin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin"},{"link_name":"oligarchy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligarchy"},{"link_name":"democratic system","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_system"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-51"},{"link_name":"fake news","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fake_news"},{"link_name":"Nazi book burnings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_book_burnings"},{"link_name":"institutional racism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_racism"},{"link_name":"neo-fascism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-fascism"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-53"},{"link_name":"Agent Running in the Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_Running_in_the_Field"},{"link_name":"Boris Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Johnson"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"},{"link_name":"colluding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colluding"},{"link_name":"European Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-53"}],"sub_title":"Threats to democracy","text":"In 2017, le Carré expressed concerns over the future of liberal democracy, saying: \"I think of all things that were happening across Europe in the 1930s, in Spain, in Japan, obviously in Germany. To me, these are absolutely comparable signs of the rise of fascism and it's contagious, it's infectious. Fascism is up and running in Poland and Hungary. There's an encouragement about\".[49] He later wrote that the end of the Cold War had left the West without a coherent ideology, in contrast to the \"notion of individual freedom, of inclusiveness, of tolerance – all of that we called anti-communism\" prevailing during that time.[50]Le Carré opposed both U.S. President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin, arguing that their desire to seek or maintain their countries' superpower status caused an impulse \"for oligarchy, the dismissal of the truth, the contempt, actually, for the electorate and for the democratic system\".[51] Le Carré compared Trump's tendency to dismiss the media as \"fake news\" to the Nazi book burnings, and wrote that the United States is \"heading straight down the road to institutional racism and neo-fascism\".[52][53]In le Carré's 2019 novel Agent Running in the Field, one of the novel's characters refers to Trump as \"Putin's shithouse cleaner\" who \"does everything for little Vladi that little Vladi can't do for himself\". The novel's narrator describes Boris Johnson as \"a pig-ignorant foreign secretary\". He says Russia is moving \"backwards into her dark, delusional past\", with Britain following a short way behind.[54] Le Carré later said that he believed the novel's plotline, involving the U.S. and British intelligence services colluding to subvert the European Union, to be \"horribly possible\".[53]","title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"European integration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_integration"},{"link_name":"Brexit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brexit"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55"},{"link_name":"Boris Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Johnson"},{"link_name":"Dominic Cummings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Cummings"},{"link_name":"Nigel Farage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Farage"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-53"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-56"},{"link_name":"Labour Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)"},{"link_name":"Leninist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leninism"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-John_le_Carr%C3%A9_on_Corbyn-57"},{"link_name":"Suez crisis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_crisis"},{"link_name":"Suez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez"},{"link_name":"Brexit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brexit"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-otoole-58"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rte-59"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sands-60"},{"link_name":"The Guardian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian"},{"link_name":"compassionate conservatism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-53"}],"sub_title":"Brexit","text":"Le Carré was an outspoken advocate of European integration and sharply criticised Brexit.[55] Le Carré criticised Brexit advocates such as Boris Johnson (whom he referred to as a \"mob orator\"), Dominic Cummings and Nigel Farage in interviews, claiming that their \"task is to fire up the people with nostalgia [and] with anger\". He further opined in interviews: \"What really scares me about nostalgia is that it's become a political weapon. Politicians are creating a nostalgia for an England that never existed, and selling it, really, as something we could return to\", adding that, with \"the demise of the working class we saw also the demise of an established social order, based on the stability of ancient class structures\".[53][56] On the other hand, he said that in the Labour Party \"they have this Leninist element and they have this huge appetite to level society.\"[57]On Brexit, le Carré did not mince his words, comparing it to the 1956 Suez crisis, which confirmed post-imperial Britain's loss of global power. \"This is without doubt the greatest catastrophe and the greatest idiocy that Britain has perpetrated since the invasion of Suez\", le Carré said of Brexit. \"Nobody is to blame but the Brits themselves – not the Irish, not the Europeans.\" \"The idea, to me, that at the moment we should imagine we can substitute access to the biggest trade union in the world with access to the American market is terrifying\", he said.[58][59][60]Speaking to The Guardian in 2019, he commented: \"I've always believed, though ironically it's not the way I've voted, that it's compassionate conservatism that in the end could, for example, integrate the private schooling system. If you do it from the left you will seem to be acting out of resentment; do it from the right and it looks like good social organisation.\" Le Carré also said: \"I think my own ties to England were hugely loosened over the last few years. And it's a kind of liberation, if a sad kind.\"[53]","title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times"},{"link_name":"Iraq War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War"},{"link_name":"George W. Bush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush"},{"link_name":"11 September 2001 terrorist attacks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks"},{"link_name":"McCarthyism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyism"},{"link_name":"Bay of Pigs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion"},{"link_name":"Vietnam War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War"},{"link_name":"Osama bin Laden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden"},{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-61"},{"link_name":"[62]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-62"},{"link_name":"protests against the Iraq War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_the_Iraq_War"},{"link_name":"Saddam Hussein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dn111010-63"},{"link_name":"[64]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-64"},{"link_name":"Tony Blair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Blair"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dn111010-63"}],"sub_title":"US invasion of Iraq","text":"In January 2003, two months prior to the invasion, The Times published le Carré's essay \"The United States Has Gone Mad\" criticising the buildup to the Iraq War and President George W. Bush's response to the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, calling it \"worse than McCarthyism, worse than the Bay of Pigs and in the long term potentially more disastrous than the Vietnam War\" and \"beyond anything Osama bin Laden could have hoped for in his nastiest dreams\".[61][62] Le Carré participated in the London protests against the Iraq War. He said the war resulted from the \"politicisation of intelligence to fit the political intentions\" of governments and \"How Bush and his junta succeeded in deflecting America's anger from bin Laden to Saddam Hussein is one of the great public relations conjuring tricks of history\".[63][64]He was critical of Tony Blair's role in taking Britain into the Iraq War, saying: \"I can't understand that Blair has an afterlife at all. It seems to me that any politician who takes his country to war under false pretences has committed the ultimate sin. I think that a war in which we refuse to accept the body count of those that we kill is also a war of which we should be ashamed.\"[63]","title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mosaddeq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh"},{"link_name":"the CIA and the Secret Service here across the way","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat"},{"link_name":"Shah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi"},{"link_name":"SAVAK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAVAK"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dn111010-63"},{"link_name":"Salman Rushdie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_Rushdie"},{"link_name":"The Satanic Verses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Satanic_Verses"},{"link_name":"[65]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-65"}],"sub_title":"Iran","text":"Le Carré was critical of Western governments' policies towards Iran. He said that Iran's actions are a response to being \"encircled by nuclear powers\" and by the way in which \"we ousted Mosaddeq through the CIA and the Secret Service here across the way and installed the Shah and trained his ghastly secret police force in all the black arts, the SAVAK\".[63]Le Carré feuded with Salman Rushdie over The Satanic Verses, stating: \"Nobody has a God-given right to insult a great religion and be published with impunity\".[65]","title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[66]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-66"}],"sub_title":"Israel","text":"In a 1998 interview with Douglas Davis, Le Carré described Israel as \"the most extraordinary carnival of human variety that I have ever set eyes on, a nation in the process of re-assembling itself from the shards of its past, now Oriental, now Western, now secular, now religious, but always anxiously moralizing about itself, criticizing itself with Maoist ferocity, a nation crackling with debate, rediscovering its past while it fought for its future.\" He declared: \"No nation on earth was more deserving of peace—or more condemned to fight for it.\"[66]","title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Guardian_Homberger-7"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-debretts1-67"},{"link_name":"Hodder & Stoughton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodder_%26_Stoughton"},{"link_name":"[68]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-telegraph1-68"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Nick2021-69"},{"link_name":"Nick Harkaway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Harkaway"},{"link_name":"[70]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-independent1-70"},{"link_name":"St Buryan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Buryan"},{"link_name":"Land's End","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%27s_End"},{"link_name":"[71]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-guardian1-71"},{"link_name":"[72]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-72"},{"link_name":"Gainsborough Gardens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gainsborough_Gardens"},{"link_name":"[73]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Times21-73"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CNJ21-74"},{"link_name":"Brexit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brexit"},{"link_name":"European Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union"},{"link_name":"BBC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC"},{"link_name":"John Banville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Banville"},{"link_name":"Rosscarbery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosscarbery"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-otoole-58"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rte-59"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sands-60"},{"link_name":"Philippe Sands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Sands"},{"link_name":"[75]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Sands-75"},{"link_name":"Royal Cornwall Hospital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Cornwall_Hospital"},{"link_name":"Truro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truro"},{"link_name":"[76]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-guardianobit-76"},{"link_name":"[77]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-77"},{"link_name":"[78]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-78"},{"link_name":"[79]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-79"},{"link_name":"Adam Sisman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Sisman"},{"link_name":"[80]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-80"},{"link_name":"[81]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-81"}],"text":"In 1954, Cornwell married Alison Ann Veronica Sharp. They had three sons: Simon, Stephen and Timothy;[7] they divorced in 1971.[67] In 1972, Cornwell married Valerie Jane Eustace, a book editor with Hodder & Stoughton[68] who collaborated with him behind the scenes.[69] They had a son, Nicholas, who writes as Nick Harkaway.[70] Le Carré lived in St Buryan, Cornwall, for more than 40 years; he owned a mile of cliff near Land's End.[71]The house, Tregiffian Cottage, was put up for sale in 2023 for £3 million.[72] Le Carré also owned a house in Gainsborough Gardens in Hampstead in north London.[73][74]Le Carré was so disillusioned by the 2016 Brexit vote to leave the European Union that he secured Irish citizenship. In a BBC documentary broadcast in 2021, le Carré's son Nicholas revealed that his father's disillusionment with modern Britain, and Brexit in particular, had driven him to embrace his Irish heritage and become an Irish citizen. At the time of his death, le Carré's friend, the novelist John Banville, confirmed that the writer had researched his family roots in Inchinattin, near Rosscarbery, County Cork, and that he had applied for an Irish passport, to which he was entitled having completed the process of becoming an Irish citizen and having Irish ancestry through his maternal grandmother, Olive Wolfe.[58][59][60] His neighbour and friend Philippe Sands recalled:He became an Irishman through his maternal grandmother. And it was very, very moving, I have to say, to arrive at the place of the memorial to find an Irish flag and only an Irish flag. He had really in the last years, grown very disillusioned with what had happened to Britain and the United Kingdom.[75]Le Carré died at Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, on 12 December 2020, aged 89.[76][77] An inquest completed in June 2021 concluded that le Carré died after sustaining a fall at his home.[78] His wife Valerie died on 27 February 2021, two months after her husband, at age 82.[79]In 2023, biographer Adam Sisman in The Secret Life of John le Carré identified 11 women with whom le Carré had affairs during his second marriage.[80]Le Carré's son Timothy died on 31 May 2022 at the age of 59, shortly after he finished editing A Private Spy, a collection of his father's letters.[81]","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Selected bibliography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Call for the Dead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_for_the_Dead"},{"link_name":"OCLC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"751303381","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/oclc/751303381"},{"link_name":"A Murder of Quality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Murder_of_Quality"},{"link_name":"OCLC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"777015390","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/oclc/777015390"},{"link_name":"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Came_in_from_the_Cold"},{"link_name":"OCLC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"561198531","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/oclc/561198531"},{"link_name":"The Looking Glass War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Looking_Glass_War"},{"link_name":"OCLC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"752987890","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/oclc/752987890"},{"link_name":"A Small Town in Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Small_Town_in_Germany"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-143-12260-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-143-12260-6"},{"link_name":"The Naïve and Sentimental Lover","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Na%C3%AFve_and_Sentimental_Lover"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-143-11975-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-143-11975-3"},{"link_name":"Smiley Versus Karla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smiley_Versus_Karla"},{"link_name":"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinker_Tailor_Soldier_Spy"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-143-12093-X","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-143-12093-X"},{"link_name":"The Honourable Schoolboy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Honourable_Schoolboy"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-143-11973-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-143-11973-7"},{"link_name":"Smiley's People","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smiley%27s_People"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-340-99439-8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-99439-8"},{"link_name":"The Little Drummer Girl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Little_Drummer_Girl"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-143-11974-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-143-11974-5"},{"link_name":"A Perfect Spy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Perfect_Spy"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-143-11976-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-143-11976-1"},{"link_name":"The Russia House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Russia_House"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-743-46466-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-743-46466-4"},{"link_name":"The Secret Pilgrim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Secret_Pilgrim"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-345-50442-9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-50442-9"},{"link_name":"The Night Manager","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Night_Manager"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-345-38576-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-38576-4"},{"link_name":"Our Game","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Game"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-345-40000-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-40000-3"},{"link_name":"The Tailor of Panama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tailor_of_Panama"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-345-42043-8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-42043-8"},{"link_name":"Single & Single","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_%26_Single"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-743-45806-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-743-45806-0"},{"link_name":"The Constant Gardener","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Constant_Gardener"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-743-28720-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-743-28720-7"},{"link_name":"Absolute Friends","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_Friends"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-670-04489-X","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-04489-X"},{"link_name":"The Mission Song","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mission_Song"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-340-92199-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-92199-4"},{"link_name":"A Most Wanted Man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Most_Wanted_Man"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1-416-59609-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-416-59609-7"},{"link_name":"Our Kind of Traitor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Kind_of_Traitor_(novel)"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-143-11972-9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-143-11972-9"},{"link_name":"A Delicate Truth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Delicate_Truth"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-143-12531-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-143-12531-1"},{"link_name":"A Legacy of Spies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Legacy_of_Spies"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-735-22511-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-735-22511-4"},{"link_name":"[82]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-82"},{"link_name":"Agent Running in the Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_Running_in_the_Field"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1984878875","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1984878875"},{"link_name":"Silverview","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverview"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780241550069","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780241550069"},{"link_name":"[83]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-83"}],"sub_title":"Novels","text":"Call for the Dead (1961), OCLC 751303381\nA Murder of Quality (1962), OCLC 777015390\nThe Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963), OCLC 561198531\nThe Looking Glass War (1965), OCLC 752987890\nA Small Town in Germany (1968), ISBN 0-143-12260-6\nThe Naïve and Sentimental Lover (1971), ISBN 0-143-11975-3\nSmiley Versus Karla trilogy\nTinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1974), ISBN 0-143-12093-X\nThe Honourable Schoolboy (1977), ISBN 0-143-11973-7\nSmiley's People (1979), ISBN 0-340-99439-8\nThe Little Drummer Girl (1983), ISBN 0-143-11974-5\nA Perfect Spy (1986), ISBN 0-143-11976-1\nThe Russia House (1989), ISBN 0-743-46466-4\nThe Secret Pilgrim (1990), ISBN 0-345-50442-9\nThe Night Manager (1993), ISBN 0-345-38576-4\nOur Game (1995), ISBN 0-345-40000-3\nThe Tailor of Panama (1996), ISBN 0-345-42043-8\nSingle & Single (1999), ISBN 0-743-45806-0\nThe Constant Gardener (2001), ISBN 0-743-28720-7\nAbsolute Friends (2003), ISBN 0-670-04489-X\nThe Mission Song (2006), ISBN 0-340-92199-4\nA Most Wanted Man (2008), ISBN 1-416-59609-7\nOur Kind of Traitor (2010), ISBN 0-143-11972-9\nA Delicate Truth (2013), ISBN 0-143-12531-1\nA Legacy of Spies (2017), ISBN 978-0-735-22511-4[82]\nAgent Running in the Field (2019), ISBN 1984878875\nSilverview (2021), ISBN 9780241550069[83]","title":"Selected bibliography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bodleian Library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodleian_Library"},{"link_name":"World Book Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Book_Day"},{"link_name":"[84]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-archive-84"},{"link_name":"[85]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-blarchive-85"}],"text":"In 2010, le Carré donated his literary archive to the Bodleian Library, Oxford. The initial 85 boxes of material deposited included handwritten drafts of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy and The Constant Gardener. The library hosted a public display of these and other items to mark World Book Day in March 2011.[84][85]","title":"Archive"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"British Crime Writers' Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_Writers%27_Association"},{"link_name":"Gold Dagger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Dagger"},{"link_name":"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Came_in_from_the_Cold"},{"link_name":"[86]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CWA4-86"},{"link_name":"Somerset Maugham Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset_Maugham_Award"},{"link_name":"[87]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-87"},{"link_name":"Mystery Writers of America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystery_Writers_of_America"},{"link_name":"Edgar Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Award"},{"link_name":"[88]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-edgar-88"},{"link_name":"The Honourable Schoolboy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Honourable_Schoolboy"},{"link_name":"[86]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CWA4-86"},{"link_name":"James Tait Black Memorial Prize","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Tait_Black_Memorial_Prize"},{"link_name":"[89]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-89"},{"link_name":"Japan Adventure Fiction Association Prize","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Adventure_Fiction_Association_Prize"},{"link_name":"The Little Drummer Girl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Little_Drummer_Girl"},{"link_name":"[90]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-90"},{"link_name":"Honorary Fellow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorary_Fellow"},{"link_name":"Lincoln College, Oxford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_College,_Oxford"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-debretts1-67"},{"link_name":"[88]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-edgar-88"},{"link_name":"Diamond Dagger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Dagger"},{"link_name":"[91]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CWA2-91"},{"link_name":"Malaparte Prize","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Malaparte"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-debretts1-67"},{"link_name":"University of Exeter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Exeter"},{"link_name":"[92]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-92"},{"link_name":"Helmerich Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_V._Helmerich_Distinguished_Author_Award"},{"link_name":"Tulsa Library Trust","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsa_City-County_Library"},{"link_name":"[93]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PVH-93"},{"link_name":"University of St. Andrews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_St._Andrews"},{"link_name":"[94]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-94"},{"link_name":"University of Southampton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Southampton"},{"link_name":"[95]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-95"},{"link_name":"University of Bath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bath"},{"link_name":"[96]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BATHU-96"},{"link_name":"Dagger of Daggers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagger_of_Daggers"},{"link_name":"[97]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CWA3-97"},{"link_name":"Order of Arts and Letters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-debretts1-67"},{"link_name":"University of Bern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bern"},{"link_name":"[98]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-98"},{"link_name":"Goethe Medal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe_Medal"},{"link_name":"Goethe Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe_Institute"},{"link_name":"[99]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-99"},{"link_name":"[100]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-100"},{"link_name":"Doctor of Letters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Letters"},{"link_name":"University of Oxford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxford"},{"link_name":"[101]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-101"},{"link_name":"Olof Palme Prize","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olof_Palme_Prize"},{"link_name":"[102]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-102"},{"link_name":"Médecins Sans Frontières","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res"},{"link_name":"[103]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-103"},{"link_name":"The Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times"},{"link_name":"[104]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-104"}],"text":"1963, British Crime Writers' Association Gold Dagger for The Spy Who Came in from the Cold[86]\n1964, Somerset Maugham Award for The Spy Who Came in from the Cold[87]\n1965, Mystery Writers of America Edgar Award for The Spy Who Came in from the Cold[88]\n1977, British Crime Writers' Association Gold Dagger for The Honourable Schoolboy[86]\n1977, James Tait Black Memorial Prize Fiction Award for The Honourable Schoolboy[89]\n1983, Japan Adventure Fiction Association Prize for The Little Drummer Girl[90]\n1984, Honorary Fellow Lincoln College, Oxford[67]\n1984, Mystery Writers of America Edgar Grand Master[88]\n1988, Crime Writers' Association Diamond Dagger Lifetime Achievement Award[91]\n1988, The Malaparte Prize, Italy[67]\n1990, Honorary degree, University of Exeter[92]\n1990, Helmerich Award of the Tulsa Library Trust.[93]\n1996, Honorary degree, University of St. Andrews[94]\n1997, Honorary degree, University of Southampton[95]\n1998, Honorary degree, University of Bath[96]\n2005, Crime Writers' Association Dagger of Daggers for The Spy Who Came in from the Cold[97]\n2005, Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters, France[67]\n2008, honorary doctorate, University of Bern[98]\n2011, Goethe Medal, awarded by the Goethe Institute[99][100]\n2012, Honorary degree of Doctor of Letters, University of Oxford[101]\n2020, Olof Palme Prize[102] – le Carré donated the US$100,000 prize money to Médecins Sans Frontières.[103]In addition in 2008, The Times ranked le Carré 22nd on its list of the \"50 greatest British writers since 1945\".[104]","title":"Awards and honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"\"Say How: I–L\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.loc.gov/nls/about/organization/standards-guidelines/ijkl/#l"},{"link_name":"Archived","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20180919013800/http://www.loc.gov/nls/about/organization/standards-guidelines/ijkl/#l"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"\"John le Carré: Irish citizenship a 'small salute' to my grandmother\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55334022"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NYT_3-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NYT_3-1"},{"link_name":"\"John le Carré, a Master of Spy Novels Where the Real Action Was 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Retrieved 15 July 2022.\n\n^ a b O'Toole, Fintan (1 April 2021). \"John le Carré 'died an Irishman' after gaining citizenship, son says\". The Irish Times. Retrieved 1 April 2021.\n\n^ a b \"John Le Carré got Irish citizenship following Brexit vote\". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 1 April 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.\n\n^ a b Sands, Philippe (1 April 2021). \"Why my friend John le Carré, chronicler of the English, died an Irish citizen\". The Times. Retrieved 1 April 2021.\n\n^ Meier, Andrew (January 2017). \"Coming in from the Cold\". Bookforum. Retrieved 15 December 2020.\n\n^ le Carré, John (15 January 2003). \"Opinion: The United States of America has gone mad\". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 8 February 2011.\n\n^ a b c \"Exclusive: British Novelist John le Carré on the Iraq War, Corporate Power, the Exploitation of Africa and His New Novel, \"Our Kind of Traitor\"\". Democracy Now!. 11 October 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2020.\n\n^ \"John le Carré, Iraq War Critic and Legendary Author of Spy Novels, Dies at 89\". Democracy Now!. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2020.\n\n^ \"The spy who came in from the cold\". The Economist. 30 October 2015. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.\n\n^ \"Le Carré: 'Extraordinary' Israel, 'crackling with debate, rocked me to my boots'\". The Times of Israel. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2021.\n\n^ a b c d Sefton, Daniel, ed. (2007). Debrett's People of Today. Debrett's. p. 973. ISBN 978-1-870520-95-9. OCLC 764415351.\n\n^ Walker, Tim (5 June 2009). Eden, Richard (ed.). \"Le Carré pays tribute to his first love\". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.\n\n^ Cornwell N (13 March 2021). \"My father was famous as John le Carré. My mother was his crucial, covert collaborator\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 March 2021. ...Richard Ovenden, who examined the papers [le Carré] loaned to the Bodleian Library in Oxford... observed a \"deep process of collaboration\". His analysis is a perfect match for my recollection: \"A rhythm of working together that was incredibly efficient … a kind of cadence from manuscript, to typescript, to annotated and amended typescripts … with scissors and staplers being brought to bear … getting closer and closer to the final published version.\"\n\n^ Herbert, Ian (6 June 2007). \"Written in his stars: son of Le Carré gets £300,000 for first novel\". The Independent. ProQuest 311318983.\n\n^ Gibbs, Geoffrey (24 July 1999). \"Spy writer fights for clifftop paradise\". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 October 2022.\n\n^ Vergnault, Olivier (16 September 2023). \"House of world-famous spy novelist John le Carré is up for sale\". Cornwall Live. Retrieved 22 September 2023.\n\n^ Hunter Davies (15 January 2021). \"John Le Carré was my friend, or so I thought\". The Times. Retrieved 21 June 2021.\n\n^ Gerald Isaaman (29 September 2017). \"Smiley's back with a heady cocktail\". Camden New Journal. Retrieved 21 June 2021.\n\n^ Bremner, Rory. \"Hiding in Plain Site\". The Spying Game. Retrieved 26 October 2022.\n\n^ Lea, Richard; Cain, Sian (13 December 2020). \"John le Carré, author of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, dies aged 89\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.\n\n^ \"John le Carré: Cold War novelist dies aged 89\". BBC News. 13 December 2020. Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.\n\n^ \"World famous author John le Carré died after falling at his home in Cornwall\". Cornwall Live. 15 June 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021.\n\n^ Saunders E.; Becquart, C. (7 March 2021). \"John le Carré's wife Valerie Jane has died\". Cornwall Live. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021.\n\n^ Fesperman, Dan (23 October 2023). \"How John le Carré's serial adultery shaped his spy novels\". Washington Post. Retrieved 23 October 2023.\n\n^ Paul Linford (9 June 2022). \"Son of famous novelist who became arts journalist dies aged 59\". holdthefrontpage.co.uk. Retrieved 31 October 2022.\n\n^ Kean, Danuta (7 March 2017). \"George Smiley to return in new John le Carré novel, A Legacy of Spies\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2017.\n\n^ Harris, Elizabeth A. (19 May 2021). \"John le Carré Fans Are Getting One More Novel\". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021.\n\n^ Sellgren, Katherine (24 February 2011). \"John le Carré donates archive to Bodleian Library\". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2013.\n\n^ Higgins, Charlotte (23 February 2011). \"John le Carré gives his literary archive to Oxford's Bodleian Library\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2013.\n\n^ a b \"The CWA Gold Dagger\". Crime Writers' Association. 5 July 2012. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2013.\n\n^ \"Society of Authors' Awards\". Society of Authors. 8 May 2020. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.\n\n^ a b \"The Edgar Database\". Mystery Writers of America. Archived from the original on 28 August 2012. Retrieved 10 March 2013.\n\n^ \"Fiction winners\". University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.\n\n^ \"日本冒険小説協会大賞リスト\" [Japan Adventure Fiction Association Grand Prize List]. jade.dti.ne.jp (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 28 May 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2020.\n\n^ \"The Cartier Diamond Dagger\". Crime Writers' Association. 5 July 2012. Archived from the original on 3 December 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2013.\n\n^ \"Previous honorary graduates\". University of Exeter. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013.\n\n^ \"Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award\". Tulsa Library Trust. 1990. Archived from the original on 24 February 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.\n\n^ \"Honorary Graduates\". St Andrews University. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2013.\n\n^ \"Honorary Graduates of Earlier Years\". University of Southampton. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013.\n\n^ \"Honorary Graduates 1989 to Present\". bath.ac.uk. University of Bath. Archived from the original on 19 December 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2012.\n\n^ \"John le Carré Wins the Dagger of Daggers\". Crime Writers' Association. Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013.\n\n^ \"Bern University Honours John le Carré\". Swiss Broadcasting Corporation. 6 December 2008. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2013.\n\n^ \"The Goethe Medal – Award Recipients 1955–2012\". Goethe Institute. Archived from the original on 26 December 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2013.\n\n^ Flood, Alison (21 June 2011). \"Germany honours Le Carré with Goethe Medal\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.\n\n^ \"Oxford Announces Honorary Degrees for 2012\". University of Oxford. 19 January 2012. Archived from the original on 26 April 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2013.\n\n^ \"2019 – David Cornwell/John le Carré\". The Olof Palme Memorial Fund. 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.\n\n^ Flood, Alison; Cain, Sian (10 January 2020). \"John le Carré wins $100,000 prize for 'contribution to democracy'\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.\n\n^ \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\". The Times. 5 January 2008. Archived from the original on 19 January 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2015.","title":"Citations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"John le Carré","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/johnlecarre0000been"},{"link_name":"Twayne Publishers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_(publisher)"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780805770131","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805770131"},{"link_name":"Understanding John Le Carré","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=D-tBTfe0eEIC"},{"link_name":"University of South Carolina Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina_Press"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-57003-168-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57003-168-7"},{"link_name":"John le Carré and the Cold War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=_f9FDwAAQBAJ"},{"link_name":"Bloomsbury Publishing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-350-03640-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-350-03640-6"}],"sub_title":"Sources","text":"Beene, Lynn Dianne (1992). John le Carré. New York: Twayne Publishers. ISBN 9780805770131.\nCobbs, John L. (1998). Understanding John Le Carré. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-168-7.\nManning, Toby (25 January 2018). John le Carré and the Cold War. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-350-03640-6.","title":"Citations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1057/9780312299453","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1057%2F9780312299453"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780312214821","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312214821"},{"link_name":"University Press of Mississippi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-57806-669-8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57806-669-8"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780008533038","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780008533038"},{"link_name":"Sisman, Adam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Sisman"},{"link_name":"John le Carré: The Biography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9:_The_Biography"},{"link_name":"Bloomsbury Publishing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9781408827932","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408827932"}],"text":"Aronoff, Myron J. (1998). The Spy Novels of John le Carré: Balancing Ethics and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780312299453. ISBN 9780312214821.\nBruccoli, Matthew J.; Baughman, Judith S., eds. (2004). Conversations with John le Carré. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-57806-669-8.\nDawson, Suleika (2022). The Secret Heart – John Le Carré: An Intimate Memoir. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780008533038.\nSisman, Adam (2015). John le Carré: The Biography. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781408827932.","title":"Further reading"}]
[{"image_text":"Italian cover of The Russia House (1989)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/John_le_Carr%C3%A9_-_La_Casa_Russia_%28The_Russia_House%29_-_Mondadori_1989.jpg/220px-John_le_Carr%C3%A9_-_La_Casa_Russia_%28The_Russia_House%29_-_Mondadori_1989.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"Say How: I–L\". Library of Congress. National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. November 2019. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.loc.gov/nls/about/organization/standards-guidelines/ijkl/#l","url_text":"\"Say How: I–L\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180919013800/http://www.loc.gov/nls/about/organization/standards-guidelines/ijkl/#l","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"John le Carré: Irish citizenship a 'small salute' to my grandmother\". BBC News. 16 December 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55334022","url_text":"\"John le Carré: Irish citizenship a 'small salute' to my grandmother\""}]},{"reference":"Garner, Dwight (14 December 2020). \"John le Carré, a Master of Spy Novels Where the Real Action Was Internal\". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 October 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/14/books/john-le-carre-critics-appraisal.html","url_text":"\"John le Carré, a Master of Spy Novels Where the Real Action Was Internal\""}]},{"reference":"Harding, Luke (2 September 2016). \"John le Carré: I was beaten by my father, abandoned by my mother\". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 October 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/sep/02/john-le-carre-beaten-by-father-abandoned-by-mother-the-pigeon-tunnel-memoir","url_text":"\"John le Carré: I was beaten by my father, abandoned by my mother\""}]},{"reference":"Kerridge, Jake (14 December 2020). \"How John le Carré's early miseries led to the great masterpieces\". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/12/14/parts-john-le-carres-life-transformed-astounding-books/","url_text":"\"How John le Carré's early miseries led to the great masterpieces\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph","url_text":"The Telegraph"},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/12/14/parts-john-le-carres-life-transformed-astounding-books/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Obituary: John le Carré\". BBC News. 13 December 2020. Archived from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-19888446","url_text":"\"Obituary: John le Carré\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201214004235/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-19888446","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Homberger, Eric (14 December 2020). \"John le Carré obituary\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/dec/14/john-le-carre-obituary","url_text":"\"John le Carré obituary\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201214022605/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/dec/14/john-le-carre-obituary","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Why John le Carré's father went to jail (and his links to Dorset)\". Daily Echo [Bournemouth Echo]. 15 August 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bournemouthecho.co.uk/news/9196356.why-le-carres-father-went-to-jail/","url_text":"\"Why John le Carré's father went to jail (and his links to Dorset)\""}]},{"reference":"Lelyveld, Joseph (16 March 1986). \"Le Carré's Toughest Case\". The New York Times Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 October 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lelyveld","url_text":"Lelyveld, Joseph"},{"url":"https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/99/03/21/specials/lecarre-toughest.html","url_text":"\"Le Carré's Toughest Case\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine","url_text":"The New York Times Magazine"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181028033818/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/99/03/21/specials/lecarre-toughest.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Gwinn, Mary Ann (25 March 1999). \"Scoundrels and Sons – Author John Le Carre Digs Deep in His Own Past for the Themes of His Work\". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19990325&slug=2951363","url_text":"\"Scoundrels and Sons – Author John Le Carre Digs Deep in His Own Past for the Themes of His Work\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seattle_Times","url_text":"The Seattle Times"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201214015939/https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19990325&slug=2951363","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Rupert Cornwell\". The Independent. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140910091603/http://www.independent.co.uk/biography/rupert-cornwell","url_text":"\"Rupert Cornwell\""},{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/rupert-cornwell/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Espionage: The Perfect Spy Story\". Time. 25 September 1989. Retrieved 14 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,958645,00.html","url_text":"\"Espionage: The Perfect Spy Story\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)","url_text":"Time"}]},{"reference":"\"Scholar, linguist, story-teller, spy...\" The Guardian. 17 July 1993. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/1993/jul/17/crimebooks","url_text":"\"Scholar, linguist, story-teller, spy...\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170909095425/https://www.theguardian.com/books/1993/jul/17/crimebooks","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Brennan, Zoe (2 April 2011). \"What Does John Le Carré Have to Hide?\". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 November 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/8422000/What-does-John-Le-Carre-have-to-hide.html","url_text":"\"What Does John Le Carré Have to Hide?\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph","url_text":"The Daily Telegraph"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111118040522/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/8422000/What-does-John-Le-Carre-have-to-hide.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Lawson, Mark (2008). \"Mark Lawson Talks to John Le Carre BBC FOUR\". BBC iPlayer. Retrieved 31 May 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00dwcp6","url_text":"\"Mark Lawson Talks to John Le Carre BBC FOUR\""}]},{"reference":"\"What does John Le Carre have to hide?\". The Telegraph. 2 April 2011. 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Retrieved 13 June 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://oldshirburnian.org.uk/obituaries/cornwell-david-john-moore-h-48-john-le-carre/","url_text":"\"Cornwell, David John Moore (h 48) – John le Carré\""}]},{"reference":"\"Cornwell, David John Moore, (John Le Carré), (19 Oct. 1931–12 Dec. 2020), writer\". WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u11935. ISBN 978-0-19-954088-4. 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Retrieved 4 March 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2009/nov/01/profile-john-le-carre","url_text":"\"Observer Profile: John le Carré: A Man of Great Intelligence\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170818173635/https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2009/nov/01/profile-john-le-carre","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Ash, Timothy Garton (15 March 1999). \"The Real le Carré\". The New Yorker. Vol. 75, no. 3. pp. 36–45. Archived from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash","url_text":"Ash, Timothy Garton"},{"url":"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1999/03/15/the-real-le-carre","url_text":"\"The Real le Carré\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker","url_text":"The New Yorker"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201214155114/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1999/03/15/the-real-le-carre","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"The Reverend Vivian Green\". The Daily Telegraph. 26 January 2005. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1481995/The-Reverend-Vivian-Green.html","url_text":"\"The Reverend Vivian Green\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph","url_text":"The Daily Telegraph"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121113195545/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1481995/The-Reverend-Vivian-Green.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Singh, Anita (24 February 2011). \"John le Carré: The Real George Smiley Revealed\". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/8344925/John-le-Carre-the-real-George-Smiley-revealed.html","url_text":"\"John le Carré: The Real George Smiley Revealed\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160322171542/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/8344925/John-le-Carre-the-real-George-Smiley-revealed.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"John le Carré: Espionage writer dies aged 89\". BBC News. 14 December 2020. Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55297558","url_text":"\"John le Carré: Espionage writer dies aged 89\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201213224356/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55297558","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Lawless, Jill (13 December 2020). \"Master spy writer John le Carre dies at 89\". Boston Globe. Associated Press. Retrieved 27 January 2023. His first three novels were written while he was a spy, and his employers required him to publish under a pseudonym.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/12/13/world/agent-master-spy-writer-john-le-carre-dies-89/","url_text":"\"Master spy writer John le Carre dies at 89\""}]},{"reference":"Adler-Bell, Sam (13 July 2023). \"The Essential John le Carré\". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 4 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/article/john-le-carre-books.html","url_text":"\"The Essential John le Carré\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"}]},{"reference":"Plimpton, George (1997). \"John le Carré, The Art of Fiction No. 149\". The Paris Review. 143. Archived from the original on 15 May 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Plimpton","url_text":"Plimpton, George"},{"url":"http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1250/the-art-of-fiction-no-149-john-le-carr","url_text":"\"John le Carré, The Art of Fiction No. 149\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Paris_Review","url_text":"The Paris Review"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160515190035/http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/1250/the-art-of-fiction-no-149-john-le-carr","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Morrison, Blake (11 April 1986). \"Then and Now: John le Carre\". Times Literary Supplement. Archived from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article4823222.ece","url_text":"\"Then and Now: John le Carre\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Literary_Supplement","url_text":"Times Literary Supplement"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201214015916/https://www.the-tls.co.uk/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Tayler, Christopher (25 January 2007). \"Belgravia Cockney\". London Review of Books. 29 (2): 13–14. Archived from the original on 30 March 2010. 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Financial Times. Retrieved 26 October 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ft.com/content/ca8b1c8c-91aa-4fe3-97db-ebec68085877","url_text":"\"John le Carré, author, 1931–2020\""}]},{"reference":"Walton, Calder (26 December 2020). \"What Spies Really Think About John le Carré\". Foreign Policy.","urls":[{"url":"https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/12/26/what-spies-really-think-about-john-le-carre/","url_text":"\"What Spies Really Think About John le Carré\""}]},{"reference":"Singh, Anita (17 August 2010). \"James Bond was a neo-fascist gangster, says John Le Carré\". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 April 2018. 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Retrieved 8 September 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/sep/07/john-le-carre-on-trump-something-truly-seriously-bad-is-happening","url_text":"\"John le Carré on Trump: 'Something seriously bad is happening'\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170907235916/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/sep/07/john-le-carre-on-trump-something-truly-seriously-bad-is-happening","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Novelist John Le Carré Reflects On His Own 'Legacy' Of Spying\". NPR. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. 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Retrieved 13 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Banville","url_text":"Banville, John"},{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/11/john-le-carre-truth-was-what-you-got-away-with","url_text":"\"'My ties to England have loosened': John le Carré on Britain, Boris and Brexit\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201213233913/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/11/john-le-carre-truth-was-what-you-got-away-with","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Gilbert, Sophie (26 October 2019). \"John le Carré's Scathing Tale of Brexit Britain\". The Atlantic. Retrieved 14 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2019/10/john-le-carre-agent-running-in-the-field-review/600631/","url_text":"\"John le Carré's Scathing Tale of Brexit Britain\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic","url_text":"The Atlantic"}]},{"reference":"Carré, John le (1 February 2020). \"John le Carré on Brexit: 'It's breaking my heart'\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/feb/01/john-le-carre-breaking-heart-brexit","url_text":"\"John le Carré on Brexit: 'It's breaking my heart'\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200204165247/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/feb/01/john-le-carre-breaking-heart-brexit","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"John le Carré: 'Politicians love chaos – it gives them authority'\". BBC News. 14 October 2019. Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-50012504","url_text":"\"John le Carré: 'Politicians love chaos – it gives them authority'\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201119014620/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-50012504","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"John, Banville (11 October 2019). \"Interview: 'My ties to England have loosened': John le Carré on Britain, Boris and Brexit\". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 July 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/11/john-le-carre-truth-was-what-you-got-away-with","url_text":"\"Interview: 'My ties to England have loosened': John le Carré on Britain, Boris and Brexit\""}]},{"reference":"O'Toole, Fintan (1 April 2021). \"John le Carré 'died an Irishman' after gaining citizenship, son says\". The Irish Times. Retrieved 1 April 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/john-le-carr%C3%A9-died-an-irishman-after-gaining-citizenship-son-says-1.4525265","url_text":"\"John le Carré 'died an Irishman' after gaining citizenship, son says\""}]},{"reference":"\"John Le Carré got Irish citizenship following Brexit vote\". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 1 April 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/news/2021/0401/1207388-john-le-carre/","url_text":"\"John Le Carré got Irish citizenship following Brexit vote\""}]},{"reference":"Sands, Philippe (1 April 2021). \"Why my friend John le Carré, chronicler of the English, died an Irish citizen\". The Times. 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Retrieved 8 February 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0115-01.htm","url_text":"\"Opinion: The United States of America has gone mad\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sunday_Times","url_text":"The Sunday Times"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101204033616/http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0115-01.htm","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Exclusive: British Novelist John le Carré on the Iraq War, Corporate Power, the Exploitation of Africa and His New Novel, \"Our Kind of Traitor\"\". Democracy Now!. 11 October 2010. Retrieved 17 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.democracynow.org/2010/10/11/exclusive_british_novelist_john_le_carr","url_text":"\"Exclusive: British Novelist John le Carré on the Iraq War, Corporate Power, the Exploitation of Africa and His New Novel, \"Our Kind of Traitor\"\""}]},{"reference":"\"John le Carré, Iraq War Critic and Legendary Author of Spy Novels, Dies at 89\". Democracy Now!. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.democracynow.org/2020/12/14/headlines/john_le_carre_iraq_war_critic_and_legendary_author_of_spy_novels_dies_at_89","url_text":"\"John le Carré, Iraq War Critic and Legendary Author of Spy Novels, Dies at 89\""}]},{"reference":"\"The spy who came in from the cold\". The Economist. 30 October 2015. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21677181-secretive-life-becomes-open-book-spy-who-came-cold","url_text":"\"The spy who came in from the cold\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist","url_text":"The Economist"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20151030023357/http://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21677181-secretive-life-becomes-open-book-spy-who-came-cold","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Le Carré: 'Extraordinary' Israel, 'crackling with debate, rocked me to my boots'\". The Times of Israel. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.timesofisrael.com/le-carre-israel-rocked-me-to-my-boots/","url_text":"\"Le Carré: 'Extraordinary' Israel, 'crackling with debate, rocked me to my boots'\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel","url_text":"The Times of Israel"}]},{"reference":"Sefton, Daniel, ed. (2007). Debrett's People of Today. Debrett's. p. 973. ISBN 978-1-870520-95-9. OCLC 764415351.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/debrettspeopleof0000seft","url_text":"Debrett's People of Today"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debrett%27s","url_text":"Debrett's"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/debrettspeopleof0000seft/page/973/mode/1up","url_text":"973"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-870520-95-9","url_text":"978-1-870520-95-9"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/764415351","url_text":"764415351"}]},{"reference":"Walker, Tim (5 June 2009). Eden, Richard (ed.). \"Le Carré pays tribute to his first love\". The Daily Telegraph. 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His analysis is a perfect match for my recollection: \"A rhythm of working together that was incredibly efficient … a kind of cadence from manuscript, to typescript, to annotated and amended typescripts … with scissors and staplers being brought to bear … getting closer and closer to the final published version.\"","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Harkaway","url_text":"Cornwell N"},{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/mar/13/my-father-was-famous-as-john-le-carre-my-mother-was-his-crucial-covert-collaborator","url_text":"\"My father was famous as John le Carré. My mother was his crucial, covert collaborator\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210313131436/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/mar/13/my-father-was-famous-as-john-le-carre-my-mother-was-his-crucial-covert-collaborator","url_text":"Archived"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Ovenden","url_text":"Richard Ovenden"}]},{"reference":"Herbert, Ian (6 June 2007). \"Written in his stars: son of Le Carré gets £300,000 for first novel\". The Independent. ProQuest 311318983.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent","url_text":"The Independent"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)","url_text":"ProQuest"},{"url":"https://search.proquest.com/docview/311318983","url_text":"311318983"}]},{"reference":"Gibbs, Geoffrey (24 July 1999). \"Spy writer fights for clifftop paradise\". The Guardian. 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BBC News. 13 December 2020. Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55297558","url_text":"\"John le Carré: Cold War novelist dies aged 89\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201213224356/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55297558","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"World famous author John le Carré died after falling at his home in Cornwall\". Cornwall Live. 15 June 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/world-famous-author-john-le-5531470","url_text":"\"World famous author John le Carré died after falling at his home in Cornwall\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornwall_Live","url_text":"Cornwall Live"}]},{"reference":"Saunders E.; Becquart, C. (7 March 2021). \"John le Carré's wife Valerie Jane has died\". Cornwall Live. 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ISBN 978-1-57003-168-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=D-tBTfe0eEIC","url_text":"Understanding John Le Carré"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina_Press","url_text":"University of South Carolina Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57003-168-7","url_text":"978-1-57003-168-7"}]},{"reference":"Manning, Toby (25 January 2018). John le Carré and the Cold War. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-350-03640-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=_f9FDwAAQBAJ","url_text":"John le Carré and the Cold War"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing","url_text":"Bloomsbury Publishing"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-350-03640-6","url_text":"978-1-350-03640-6"}]},{"reference":"Aronoff, Myron J. (1998). The Spy Novels of John le Carré: Balancing Ethics and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780312299453. ISBN 9780312214821.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan","url_text":"Palgrave Macmillan"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780312299453","url_text":"10.1057/9780312299453"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312214821","url_text":"9780312214821"}]},{"reference":"Bruccoli, Matthew J.; Baughman, Judith S., eds. (2004). Conversations with John le Carré. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-57806-669-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi","url_text":"University Press of Mississippi"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57806-669-8","url_text":"978-1-57806-669-8"}]},{"reference":"Dawson, Suleika (2022). The Secret Heart – John Le Carré: An Intimate Memoir. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780008533038.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780008533038","url_text":"9780008533038"}]},{"reference":"Sisman, Adam (2015). John le Carré: The Biography. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781408827932.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Sisman","url_text":"Sisman, Adam"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9:_The_Biography","url_text":"John le Carré: The Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing","url_text":"Bloomsbury Publishing"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408827932","url_text":"9781408827932"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiselweni_region
Shiselweni Region
["1 Administrative divisions","2 Religion","3 References"]
Coordinates: 27°00′S 31°40′E / 27.000°S 31.667°E / -27.000; 31.667Place in EswatiniShiselweni eShiselweniShiselweni RegionMap of Eswatini showing Shiselweni districtCoordinates: 27°00′S 31°40′E / 27.000°S 31.667°E / -27.000; 31.667Country EswatiniCapitalNhlanganoGovernment • Regional AdministratorMr Paul S Dlamini • Regional SecretaryMr Mshiyeni DlaminiArea • Total3,786.71 km2 (1,462.06 sq mi)Population (2017 census) • Total204,111Time zoneUTC+2HDI (2017)0.574medium Shiselweni is a region of Eswatini, located in the south of the country. It has an area of 3,786.71 km² and a population of 204,111 (2017). Its administrative center is Nhlangano. It borders Lubombo in the northeast and Manzini Region in the northwest. Administrative divisions Shiselweni is subdivided into 14 tinkhundla (or constituencies). These are local administration centres, and also parliamentary constituencies. Each inkhundla is headed by an indvuna yenkhundla or governor with the help of bucopho. The tinkhundla are further divided into imiphakatsi (or chiefdoms). The present tinkhundla are: Gege Imiphakatsi: Emhlahlweni, Emjikelweni, Endzingeni, Ensukazi, Kadinga, Katsambekwako, Mgazini, Mgomfelweni, Mlindazwe, Sisingeni Hosea Imiphakatsi: Ka-Hhohho Emva, Ludzakeni/Kaliba, Lushini, Manyiseni, Nsingizini, Ondiyaneni Kubuta Imiphakatsi: Ezishineni, Kakholwane, Kaphunga, Ngobelweni, Nhlalabantfu Maseyisini Imiphakatsi: Dlovunga, Kamzizi, Mbilaneni, Vusweni Matsanjeni South Imiphakatsi: Bambitje/Nsalitje, Dinabanye, Ekuphumleni, Qomontaba Mtsambama Imiphakatsi: Bhanganoma, Ekwendzeni, Kambhoke, Magele Ngudzeni Imiphakatsi: Ekukhanyeni, Ekulambeni, Lusitini, Ndushulweni, Ntjanini, Nyatsini Nkwene Imiphakatsi: Ebuseleni, Hlobane, Kagwebu, Kuphumleni, Nhlalabantfu, Sigcineni Sandleni Imiphakatsi: Bufaneni, Enkalaneni, Ka-Nzameya, Kagasa, Kontjingila, Mbelebeleni, Mphini, Ngololweni, Nkhungwini, Tibondzeni Shiselweni I Imiphakatsi: Dumenkungwini, Mabona, Mchinsweni, Zikhotheni Shiselweni II Imiphakatsi: Embheka, Mahlalini, Makhwelela, Mbabala, Mkhitsini, Mphangisweni, Sikhotseni Sigwe Imiphakatsi: Empini, Kankhomonye, Lindizwa, Lulakeni Somntongo Imiphakatsi: Ezindwenweni, Maplotini, Mlindazwe, Phangweni, Qomintaba, Vimbizibuko Zombodze Imiphakatsi: Bulekeni, Mampondweni, Ngwenyameni, Zombodze Religion Baitul Hadi mosque, Hlatikulu. Christianity and Islam are the main religions in the region. References ^ "Eswatini: Regions, Major Cities & Urban Centers - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13. vteRegions and tinkhundla of EswatiniHhohho Region Hhukwini Lobamba Madlangempisi Maphalaleni Mayiwane Mbabane East Mbabane West Mhlangatane Motjane Ndzingeni Nkhaba Ntfonjeni Piggs Peak Timpisini Lubombo Region Dvokodvweni Hlane Lomahasha Lubuli Lugongolweni Matsanjeni North Mhlume Mpholonjeni Nkilongo Siphofaneni Sithobela Manzini Region Ekukhanyeni Hlambanyatsi Kwaluseni Lamgabhi Lobamba Lomdzala Ludzeludze Mafutseni Mahlangatja Mangcongco Manzini North Manzini South Mkhiweni Mtfongwaneni Ngwempisi Nhlambeni Ntondozi Shiselweni Region Gege Hosea Kubuta Maseyisini Matsanjeni South Mtsambama Ngudzeni Nkwene Sandleni Shiselweni I Shiselweni II Sigwe Somntongo Zombodze vteEswatini articlesHistory Monarchs Second Boer War World War II 2021–2023 protests Geography Cities and towns Geology Regions Wildlife Politics Cabinet Elections Foreign relations Human rights LGBT rights Ngwenyama Ndlovukati Prime Minister Military Commander Law enforcement Parliament Senate House of Assembly Political parties Economy Central Bank Child labour Companies Mining Prostitution Stock Exchange Telecommunications Transport Society Culture Demographics Education Flag Languages Music Religion Outline Category 27°00′S 31°40′E / 27.000°S 31.667°E / -27.000; 31.667 Authority control databases IdRef This Eswatini location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsanjeni_South"},{"link_name":"Bambitje","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bambitje&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Nsalitje","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nsalitje&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Dinabanye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dinabanye&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ekuphumleni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umphakatsi_Ekuphumleni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Qomontaba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qomontaba&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mtsambama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtsambama"},{"link_name":"Bhanganoma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhanganoma&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ekwendzeni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekwendzeni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kambhoke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kambhoke&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Magele","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magele&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ngudzeni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngudzeni"},{"link_name":"Ekukhanyeni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umphakatsi_Ekukhanyeni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ekulambeni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekulambeni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Lusitini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lusitini&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ndushulweni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ndushulweni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ntjanini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntjanini"},{"link_name":"Nyatsini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nyatsini&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Nkwene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkwene"},{"link_name":"Ebuseleni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ebuseleni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hlobane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umphakatsi_Hlobane&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kagwebu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kagwebu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kuphumleni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuphumleni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Nhlalabantfu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nhlalabantfu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sigcineni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sigcineni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sandleni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandleni"},{"link_name":"Bufaneni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bufaneni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Enkalaneni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enkalaneni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ka-Nzameya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ka-Nzameya&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kagasa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kagasa&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kontjingila","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kontjingila&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mbelebeleni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mbelebeleni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mphini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mphini&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ngololweni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ngololweni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Nkhungwini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nkhungwini&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tibondzeni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tibondzeni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Shiselweni I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiselweni_I"},{"link_name":"Dumenkungwini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dumenkungwini&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mabona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mabona&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mchinsweni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mchinsweni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Zikhotheni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zikhotheni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Shiselweni II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiselweni_II"},{"link_name":"Embheka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Embheka&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mahlalini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahlalini&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Makhwelela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makhwelela&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mbabala","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umphakatsi_Mbabala&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mkhitsini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mkhitsini&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mphangisweni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mphangisweni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sikhotseni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sikhotseni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sigwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigwe"},{"link_name":"Empini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umphakatsi_Empini&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kankhomonye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kankhomonye&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Lindizwa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lindizwa&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Lulakeni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lulakeni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Somntongo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somntongo"},{"link_name":"Ezindwenweni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ezindwenweni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Maplotini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maplotini&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mlindazwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mlindazwe&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Phangweni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phangweni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Qomintaba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qomintaba&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Vimbizibuko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vimbizibuko&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Zombodze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zombodze"},{"link_name":"Bulekeni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bulekeni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mampondweni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mampondweni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ngwenyameni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ngwenyameni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Zombodze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umphakatsi_Zombodze&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"Shiselweni is subdivided into 14 tinkhundla (or constituencies). These are local administration centres, and also parliamentary constituencies. Each inkhundla is headed by an indvuna yenkhundla or governor with the help of bucopho. The tinkhundla are further divided into imiphakatsi (or chiefdoms). The present tinkhundla are:Gege\nImiphakatsi: Emhlahlweni, Emjikelweni, Endzingeni, Ensukazi, Kadinga, Katsambekwako, Mgazini, Mgomfelweni, Mlindazwe, Sisingeni\nHosea\nImiphakatsi: Ka-Hhohho Emva, Ludzakeni/Kaliba, Lushini, Manyiseni, Nsingizini, Ondiyaneni\nKubuta\nImiphakatsi: Ezishineni, Kakholwane, Kaphunga, Ngobelweni, Nhlalabantfu\nMaseyisini\nImiphakatsi: Dlovunga, Kamzizi, Mbilaneni, Vusweni\nMatsanjeni South\nImiphakatsi: Bambitje/Nsalitje, Dinabanye, Ekuphumleni, Qomontaba\nMtsambama\nImiphakatsi: Bhanganoma, Ekwendzeni, Kambhoke, Magele\nNgudzeni\nImiphakatsi: Ekukhanyeni, Ekulambeni, Lusitini, Ndushulweni, Ntjanini, Nyatsini\nNkwene\nImiphakatsi: Ebuseleni, Hlobane, Kagwebu, Kuphumleni, Nhlalabantfu, Sigcineni\nSandleni\nImiphakatsi: Bufaneni, Enkalaneni, Ka-Nzameya, Kagasa, Kontjingila, Mbelebeleni, Mphini, Ngololweni, Nkhungwini, Tibondzeni\nShiselweni I\nImiphakatsi: Dumenkungwini, Mabona, Mchinsweni, Zikhotheni\nShiselweni II\nImiphakatsi: Embheka, Mahlalini, Makhwelela, Mbabala, Mkhitsini, Mphangisweni, Sikhotseni\nSigwe\nImiphakatsi: Empini, Kankhomonye, Lindizwa, Lulakeni\nSomntongo\nImiphakatsi: Ezindwenweni, Maplotini, Mlindazwe, Phangweni, Qomintaba, Vimbizibuko\nZombodze\nImiphakatsi: Bulekeni, Mampondweni, Ngwenyameni, Zombodze","title":"Administrative divisions"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Baitul_Hadi_Mosque,_Hiatikulu,_Swaziland.jpg"},{"link_name":"Hlatikulu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlatikulu"},{"link_name":"Christianity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity"},{"link_name":"Islam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam"}],"text":"Baitul Hadi mosque, Hlatikulu.Christianity and Islam are the main religions in the region.","title":"Religion"}]
[{"image_text":"Baitul Hadi mosque, Hlatikulu.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Baitul_Hadi_Mosque%2C_Hiatikulu%2C_Swaziland.jpg/250px-Baitul_Hadi_Mosque%2C_Hiatikulu%2C_Swaziland.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"Eswatini: Regions, Major Cities & Urban Centers - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information\".","urls":[{"url":"http://citypopulation.de/Swaziland.html","url_text":"\"Eswatini: Regions, Major Cities & Urban Centers - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab\". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13.","urls":[{"url":"https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/","url_text":"\"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab\""}]}]
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shiselweni_Region&params=27_00_S_31_40_E_region:SZ_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki","external_links_name":"27°00′S 31°40′E / 27.000°S 31.667°E / -27.000; 31.667"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shiselweni_Region&params=27_00_S_31_40_E_region:SZ_type:city","external_links_name":"27°00′S 31°40′E / 27.000°S 31.667°E / -27.000; 31.667"},{"Link":"http://citypopulation.de/Swaziland.html","external_links_name":"\"Eswatini: Regions, Major Cities & Urban Centers - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information\""},{"Link":"https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/","external_links_name":"\"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab\""},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shiselweni_Region&params=27_00_S_31_40_E_region:SZ_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki","external_links_name":"27°00′S 31°40′E / 27.000°S 31.667°E / -27.000; 31.667"},{"Link":"https://www.idref.fr/105953911","external_links_name":"IdRef"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shiselweni_Region&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhanur
Sindhanur
["1 Geography","2 Economy","3 Transport","3.1 Rail","4 Demographics","5 Religion","6 References"]
Coordinates: 15°46′12″N 76°45′20″E / 15.77000°N 76.75556°E / 15.77000; 76.75556Sindhanur Taluk in Karatagi, India This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Sindhanur" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) City in Karnataka, IndiaSindhanurCitySindhanurSindhanurLocation in Karnataka, IndiaCoordinates: 15°46′12″N 76°45′20″E / 15.77000°N 76.75556°E / 15.77000; 76.75556Country IndiaStateKarnatakaDistrictRaichurHeadquartersSindhanur CityGovernment • BodyCMCArea • Total1,567.70 km2 (605.29 sq mi)Elevation377 m (1,237 ft)Population • Total116,837 • Density225.74/km2 (584.7/sq mi)Languages • OfficialKannadaTime zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)PIN584128Telephone code08535ISO 3166 codeIN-KAVehicle registrationKA 36Websitewww.sindhanurcity.mrc.gov.in Sindhanur is a city and taluk headquarter of Sindhanur taluk of Raichur District in Karnataka. The river Tungabhadra covers the irrigation area by left bank canal. Most of the land in the field is composed of cultivable black soil. Paddy is cultivated using the Tungabhadra River water. Sindhanur is also known as the Paddy Granary of Raichur. With the availability of Tungabhadra river water, paddy rice is grown twice a year. Sindhanur is the place where the majority of tractor sales take place in Asia. as agricultural activities take place year-round. Sona Masuri and Basmati rice are grown in Sindhanur.Amba Matha also spelled as Amba Mutt (Kannada: ಅಂಬಾ ಮಠ) is a village near Somalapura in the Sindhanur taluk. Amba Matha is a holy place, Sri Amba Devi Temple is located in the village. Geography Sindhanur is located at 15°47′N 76°46′E / 15.78°N 76.77°E / 15.78; 76.77. Sindhanur is a City and City Municipal Council located in Raichur District in the state of Karnataka. Residents prefer the many amenities found in Sindhanur over other district zones in Karnataka. Sindhanur city has 37,040 households and is divided into 31 wards. It has food services like Swiggy. Sindhanur city elections are held every 5 years to elect a representative of each ward. It has an average elevation of 377 metres (1,237 ft), and its area is 1,567.70 km2 (605.29 sq mi). Economy Transport Sindhanur is well connected by road. It is located on the National Highway 150A. Rail Sindhanur has a railway station (Sindhanur railway station) and is located on the Mahabubnagar-Munirabad railway line. Demographics As of a 2017 Indian Census, Sindhanur had a population of 116,837 (59,029 male, 57,808 female), representing a 54.06% increase since 2011. The sex-ratio of Sindhanur city is around 994, higher than the state average of 973. Sindhanur City has an average literacy rate of 83.98%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy is 87.72%, and female literacy is 80.01%. In Sindhanur, 19.44% of the population is under 6 years of age. Majority of population speak Kannada and minor population speak different languages like Telugu, Bengali, Rajasthani, Urdu, etc. The Ambamma jathre Fair at Sindhanur is famous which is held in January of every year at Amba matha An evening fair is a special event here. Interesting thing to notice about Sindhanur Taluk is its diversity. 20% of the population is Bengali speaking(Bengali camp sindhanur). Rajasthani, Telugu, Urdu are other minor languages. The dominant religion of town is Hinduism (64.54%) with significant Muslim (32.71%) and Christian (0.46%) populations. Most of the Christians are Roman Catholic. Most of the remaining people follow Sikhism, Jainism and other religions. Religion Religions in Sindhanur (2011) Religion Percent Hinduism   64.54% Islam   32.71% Jainism   1.64% Christianity   0.46% Other or not stated   0.65% References ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Sindhnur ^ "Census of India 2011: Data from the 2017, Census(Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 10 April 2019. ^ "C-1 Population By Religious Community - Karnataka". Census of India. http://sindhanurcity.mrc.gov.in/ Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sindhanur. vteRaichur districtCities and towns Devadurga Hatti Hatti Gold Mines Lingasugur Manvi Maski Mudgal Raichur (district headquarters) Shaktinagar Sindhanur Villages Adapur Adavibhavi Adkalgud Advi Khanapur Advibhavi (Maski) Advibhavi (Mudgal) Agrahar (Devadurga) Agrahar (Raichur) Aidanhal Aidbhavi Akalkumpi Alabanoor Aldhal Amba Matha Amingada Arkera Ayanur Badarli Bagalwad Balaganur Ballatgi Banniganur Basavarajeshwari Camp Bichali Buddinni Byagawat Cheekalaparvi Gabbur Galag Ganadhal Gandhi Nagar Giniwara Googal Gorebal Gunjhalli Gurgunta Harvi Hedaginal Hire Kotnekal Jalhalli Jambaladinni Jawalagera Kallur archaeological site Kalmala Kalmangi Kapagal Kavital Koppur Kotekal Kyadigera Masarkal Matmari Mudval Mukkunda Naradagadde Navali Neermanvi Olaballari Pamanakallur Piklihal Pothnal Puldinni Ragalaparvi Rajalabanda Ramathnal Roudkunda Sajjalagudda Salagunda Sasalmari Sindhnur Sirwar Somlapur Timmapur Turvihal Valkamdinni Venkatapura Virapapur Watgal Yaddaladoddi Yapalaparvi Yergera
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Karnataka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka"},{"link_name":"Tungabhadra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungabhadra"}],"text":"Sindhanur Taluk in Karatagi, IndiaCity in Karnataka, IndiaSindhanur is a city and taluk headquarter of Sindhanur taluk of Raichur District in Karnataka. The river Tungabhadra covers the irrigation area by left bank canal. Most of the land in the field is composed of cultivable black soil. Paddy is cultivated using the Tungabhadra River water. Sindhanur is also known as the Paddy Granary of Raichur. With the availability of Tungabhadra river water, paddy rice is grown twice a year. Sindhanur is the place where the majority of tractor sales take place in Asia. as agricultural activities take place year-round. Sona Masuri and Basmati rice are grown in Sindhanur.Amba Matha also spelled as Amba Mutt (Kannada: ಅಂಬಾ ಮಠ) is a village near Somalapura in the Sindhanur taluk. Amba Matha is a holy place, Sri Amba Devi Temple is located in the village.","title":"Sindhanur"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"15°47′N 76°46′E / 15.78°N 76.77°E / 15.78; 76.77","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sindhanur&params=15.78_N_76.77_E_"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Swiggy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiggy"}],"text":"Sindhanur is located at 15°47′N 76°46′E / 15.78°N 76.77°E / 15.78; 76.77.[1] Sindhanur is a City and City Municipal Council located in Raichur District in the state of Karnataka. Residents prefer the many amenities found in Sindhanur over other district zones in Karnataka. Sindhanur city has 37,040 households and is divided into 31 wards. It has food services like Swiggy. Sindhanur city elections are held every 5 years to elect a representative of each ward. It has an average elevation of 377 metres (1,237 ft), and its area is 1,567.70 km2 (605.29 sq mi).","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Economy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"National Highway 150A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Highway_150A_(India)"}],"text":"Sindhanur is well connected by road. It is located on the National Highway 150A.","title":"Transport"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sindhanur railway station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhanur_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Mahabubnagar-Munirabad railway line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabubnagar-Munirabad_railway_line"}],"sub_title":"Rail","text":"Sindhanur has a railway station (Sindhanur railway station) and is located on the Mahabubnagar-Munirabad railway line.","title":"Transport"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Amba matha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amba_matha&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"As of a 2017 Indian Census,[2] Sindhanur had a population of 116,837 (59,029 male, 57,808 female), representing a 54.06% increase since 2011. The sex-ratio of Sindhanur city is around 994, higher than the state average of 973. Sindhanur City has an average literacy rate of 83.98%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy is 87.72%, and female literacy is 80.01%. In Sindhanur, 19.44% of the population is under 6 years of age.[citation needed]Majority of population speak Kannada and minor population speak different languages like Telugu, Bengali, Rajasthani, Urdu, etc. The Ambamma jathre Fair at Sindhanur is famous which is held in January of every year at Amba matha An evening fair is a special event here.[citation needed]Interesting thing to notice about Sindhanur Taluk is its diversity. 20% of the population is Bengali speaking(Bengali camp sindhanur). Rajasthani, Telugu, Urdu are other minor languages.[citation needed]The dominant religion of town is Hinduism (64.54%) with significant Muslim (32.71%) and Christian (0.46%) populations. Most of the Christians are Roman Catholic. Most of the remaining people follow Sikhism, Jainism and other religions.[citation needed]","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Religion-3"},{"link_name":"Hinduism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism_in_Karnataka"},{"link_name":"Islam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam"},{"link_name":"Jainism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism_in_Karnataka"},{"link_name":"Christianity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_Karnataka"}],"text":"Religions in Sindhanur (2011)[3]\n\nReligion\n\nPercent\n\n\nHinduism\n \n64.54%\n\n\nIslam\n \n32.71%\n\n\nJainism\n \n1.64%\n\n\nChristianity\n \n0.46%\n\n\nOther or not stated\n \n0.65%","title":"Religion"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"Census of India 2011: Data from the 2017, Census(Provisional)\". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 10 April 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999","url_text":"\"Census of India 2011: Data from the 2017, Census(Provisional)\""},{"url":"http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"C-1 Population By Religious Community - Karnataka\". Census of India.","urls":[{"url":"https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS","url_text":"\"C-1 Population By Religious Community - Karnataka\""}]}]
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sindhanur&params=15_46_12_N_76_45_20_E_type:city(116837)_region:IN-KA","external_links_name":"15°46′12″N 76°45′20″E / 15.77000°N 76.75556°E / 15.77000; 76.75556"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sindhanur%22","external_links_name":"\"Sindhanur\""},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sindhanur%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1","external_links_name":"news"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sindhanur%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks","external_links_name":"newspapers"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sindhanur%22+-wikipedia","external_links_name":"books"},{"Link":"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sindhanur%22","external_links_name":"scholar"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sindhanur%22&acc=on&wc=on","external_links_name":"JSTOR"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sindhanur&params=15_46_12_N_76_45_20_E_type:city(116837)_region:IN-KA","external_links_name":"15°46′12″N 76°45′20″E / 15.77000°N 76.75556°E / 15.77000; 76.75556"},{"Link":"http://www.sindhanurcity.mrc.gov.in/","external_links_name":"www.sindhanurcity.mrc.gov.in"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sindhanur&params=15.78_N_76.77_E_","external_links_name":"15°47′N 76°46′E / 15.78°N 76.77°E / 15.78; 76.77"},{"Link":"http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/19/Sindhnur.html","external_links_name":"Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Sindhnur"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999","external_links_name":"\"Census of India 2011: Data from the 2017, Census(Provisional)\""},{"Link":"http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS","external_links_name":"\"C-1 Population By Religious Community - Karnataka\""},{"Link":"http://sindhanurcity.mrc.gov.in/","external_links_name":"http://sindhanurcity.mrc.gov.in/"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacon_fuel_cell
Alkaline fuel cell
["1 Half Reactions","2 Electrolyte","3 Basic designs","4 Advantages over acidic fuel cells","5 Commercial prospects","6 See also","7 References","8 External links"]
Type of fuel cell Not to be confused with Alkaline cell. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Alkaline fuel cell" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Diagram of an Alkaline Fuel Cell: 1. Hydrogen 2. Electron flow 3. Load 4. Oxygen 5. Cathode 6. Electrolyte 7. Anode 8. Water 9. Hydroxide Ions The alkaline fuel cell (AFC), also known as the Bacon fuel cell after its British inventor, Francis Thomas Bacon, is one of the most developed fuel cell technologies. Alkaline fuel cells consume hydrogen and pure oxygen, to produce potable water, heat, and electricity. They are among the most efficient fuel cells, having the potential to reach 70%. NASA has used alkaline fuel cells since the mid-1960s, in the Apollo-series missions and on the Space Shuttle. Half Reactions The fuel cell produces power through a redox reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. At the anode, hydrogen is oxidized according to the reaction: H 2 + 2 O H − ⟶ 2 H 2 O + 2 e − {\displaystyle \mathrm {H} _{2}+\mathrm {2OH} ^{-}\longrightarrow \mathrm {2H} _{2}\mathrm {O} +\mathrm {2e} ^{-}} producing water and releasing electrons. The electrons flow through an external circuit and return to the cathode, reducing oxygen in the reaction: O 2 + 2 H 2 O + 4 e − ⟶ 4 O H − {\displaystyle \mathrm {O} _{2}+\mathrm {2H} _{2}\mathrm {O} +\mathrm {4e} ^{-}\longrightarrow \mathrm {4OH} ^{-}} producing hydroxide ions. The net reaction consumes one oxygen molecule and two hydrogen molecules in the production of two water molecules. Electricity and heat are formed as by-products of this reaction. Electrolyte The two electrodes are separated by a porous matrix saturated with an aqueous alkaline solution, such as potassium hydroxide (KOH). Aqueous alkaline solutions do not reject carbon dioxide (CO2) so the fuel cell can become "poisoned" through the conversion of KOH to potassium carbonate (K2CO3). Because of this, alkaline fuel cells typically operate on pure oxygen, or at least purified air and would incorporate a 'scrubber' into the design to clean out as much of the carbon dioxide as is possible. Because the generation and storage requirements of oxygen make pure-oxygen AFCs expensive, there are few companies engaged in active development of the technology. There is, however, some debate in the research community over whether the poisoning is permanent or reversible. The main mechanisms of poisoning are blocking of the pores in the cathode with K2CO3, which is not reversible, and reduction in the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, which may be reversible by returning the KOH to its original concentration. An alternate method involves simply replacing the KOH which returns the cell back to its original output. When carbon dioxide reacts with the electrolyte carbonates are formed. The carbonates could precipitate on the pores of electrodes that eventually block them. It has been found that AFCs operating at higher temperature do not show a reduction in performance, whereas at around room temperature, a significant drop in performance has been shown. The carbonate poisoning at ambient temperature is thought to be a result of the low solubility of K2CO3 around room temperature, which leads to precipitation of K2CO3 that blocks the electrode pores. Also, these precipitants gradually decrease the hydrophobicity of the electrode backing layer leading to structural degradation and electrode flooding. C O 2 + 2 K O H ⟶ K 2 C O 3 + H 2 O {\displaystyle \mathrm {CO} _{2}+\mathrm {2KOH} \longrightarrow \mathrm {K} _{2}\mathrm {CO} _{3}+\mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O} } On the other hand, the charge-carrying hydroxide ions in the electrolyte can react with carbon dioxide from organic fuel oxidation (i.e. methanol, formic acid) or air to form carbonate species. 2 O H − + C O 2 ⟶ C O 3 2 − + H 2 O {\displaystyle \mathrm {2OH} ^{-}+\mathrm {CO} _{2}\longrightarrow \mathrm {CO} _{3}^{2-}+\mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O} } Carbonate formation depletes hydroxide ions from the electrolyte, which reduces electrolyte conductivity and consequently cell performance. As well as these bulk effects, the effect on water management due to a change in vapor pressure and/or a change in electrolyte volume can be detrimental as well. Basic designs Because of this poisoning effect, two main variants of AFCs exist: static electrolyte and flowing electrolyte. Static, or immobilized, electrolyte cells of the type used in the Apollo space craft and the Space Shuttle typically use an asbestos separator saturated in potassium hydroxide. Water production is controlled by evaporation from the anode, which produces pure water that may be reclaimed for other uses. These fuel cells typically use platinum catalysts to achieve maximum volumetric and specific efficiencies. Flowing electrolyte designs use a more open matrix that allows the electrolyte to flow either between the electrodes (parallel to the electrodes) or through the electrodes in a transverse direction (the ASK-type or EloFlux fuel cell). In parallel-flow electrolyte designs, the water produced is retained in the electrolyte, and old electrolyte may be exchanged for fresh, in a manner analogous to an oil change in a car. More space is required between electrodes to enable this flow, and this translates into an increase in cell resistance, decreasing power output compared to immobilized electrolyte designs. A further challenge for the technology is how severe the problem of permanent blocking of the cathode is by K2CO3; some published reports have indicated thousands of hours of operation on air. These designs have used both platinum and non-noble metal catalysts, resulting in increased efficiencies and increased cost. The EloFlux design, with its transverse flow of electrolyte, has the advantage of low-cost construction and replaceable electrolyte but so far has only been demonstrated using oxygen. The electrodes consist of a double layer structure: an active electrocatalyst layer and a hydrophobic layer. The active layer consists of an organic mixture which is ground and then rolled at room temperature to form a crosslinked self-supporting sheet. The hydrophobic structure prevents the electrolyte from leaking into the reactant gas flow channels and ensures diffusion of the gases to the reaction site. The two layers are then pressed onto a conducting metal mesh, and sintering completes the process. Further variations on the alkaline fuel cell include the metal hydride fuel cell and the direct borohydride fuel cell. Advantages over acidic fuel cells Alkaline fuel cells operate between ambient temperature and 90 °C with an electrical efficiency higher than fuel cells with acidic electrolyte, such as proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), solid oxide fuel cells, and phosphoric acid fuel cells. Because of the alkaline chemistry, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at the cathode are much more facile than in acidic cells, allowing use of non-noble metals, such as iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, or carbon-based nanomaterial at the anode (where fuel is oxidized); and cheaper catalysts such as silver at the cathode, due to the low overpotentials associated with electrochemical reactions at high pH. An alkaline medium also accelerates oxidation of fuels like methanol, making them more attractive. This results in less pollution compared to acidic fuel cells. Commercial prospects AFCs are the cheapest of fuel cells to manufacture. The catalyst required for the electrodes can be any of a number of different chemicals that are inexpensive compared to those required for other types of fuel cells. The commercial prospects for AFCs lie largely with the recently developed bi-polar plate version of this technology, considerably superior in performance to earlier mono-plate versions. The world's first fuel-cell ship, the Hydra, used an AFC system with 5 kW net output. Another recent development is the solid-state alkaline fuel cell, utilizing a solid anion-exchange membrane instead of a liquid electrolyte. This resolves the problem of poisoning and allows the development of alkaline fuel cells capable of running on safer hydrogen-rich carriers such as liquid urea solutions or metal amine complexes. See also Energy portal Gas diffusion electrode Glossary of fuel cell terms Hydrazine Hydrogen technologies References ^ a b Handbook of fuel cells: fundamentals, technology, and applications. Chichester, England ; Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. 2003. ISBN 978-0-471-49926-8. ^ a b Ferriday, T.B.; Middleton, Peter Hugh (May 2021). "Alkaline fuel cell technology - A review". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 46 (35): 18489–18510. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.02.203. External links Developers AFC Energy Independent Power Gencell Energy vteFuel cellsBy electrolyte Alkaline fuel cell Molten carbonate fuel cell Phosphoric acid fuel cell Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell Solid oxide fuel cell By fuel Direct borohydride fuel cell Direct carbon fuel cell Direct-ethanol fuel cell Direct methanol fuel cell Formic acid fuel cell Metal hydride fuel cell Reformed methanol fuel cell Zinc–air battery Biofuel cells Enzymatic biofuel cell Microbial fuel cell Others Blue energy Electro-galvanic fuel cell Flow battery Membrane electrode assembly Membraneless Fuel Cells Photoelectrochemical cell Proton-exchange membrane Protonic ceramic fuel cell Regenerative fuel cell Solid oxide electrolyzer cell Unitized regenerative fuel cell Hydrogen Economy Station Storage Vehicle Glossary
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alkaline cell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_cell"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alkalinecell.svg"},{"link_name":"Francis Thomas Bacon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Thomas_Bacon"},{"link_name":"fuel cell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell"},{"link_name":"NASA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA"},{"link_name":"Apollo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Apollo"},{"link_name":"Space Shuttle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fuelcellhandbook-1"}],"text":"Not to be confused with Alkaline cell.Diagram of an Alkaline Fuel Cell: 1. Hydrogen 2. Electron flow 3. Load 4. Oxygen 5. Cathode 6. Electrolyte 7. Anode 8. Water 9. Hydroxide IonsThe alkaline fuel cell (AFC), also known as the Bacon fuel cell after its British inventor, Francis Thomas Bacon, is one of the most developed fuel cell technologies. Alkaline fuel cells consume hydrogen and pure oxygen, to produce potable water, heat, and electricity. They are among the most efficient fuel cells, having the potential to reach 70%.NASA has used alkaline fuel cells since the mid-1960s, in the Apollo-series missions and on the Space Shuttle.[1]","title":"Alkaline fuel cell"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"redox reaction","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox_reaction"},{"link_name":"hydrogen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen"},{"link_name":"anode","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anode"},{"link_name":"cathode","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode"},{"link_name":"hydroxide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxide"}],"text":"The fuel cell produces power through a redox reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. At the anode, hydrogen is oxidized according to the reaction:H\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n \n 2\n O\n H\n \n \n −\n \n \n ⟶\n \n \n 2\n H\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n O\n \n +\n \n \n 2\n e\n \n \n −\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {H} _{2}+\\mathrm {2OH} ^{-}\\longrightarrow \\mathrm {2H} _{2}\\mathrm {O} +\\mathrm {2e} ^{-}}producing water and releasing electrons. The electrons flow through an external circuit and return to the cathode, reducing oxygen in the reaction:O\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n \n 2\n H\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n O\n \n +\n \n \n 4\n e\n \n \n −\n \n \n ⟶\n \n \n 4\n O\n H\n \n \n −\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {O} _{2}+\\mathrm {2H} _{2}\\mathrm {O} +\\mathrm {4e} ^{-}\\longrightarrow \\mathrm {4OH} ^{-}}producing hydroxide ions. The net reaction consumes one oxygen molecule and two hydrogen molecules in the production of two water molecules. Electricity and heat are formed as by-products of this reaction.","title":"Half Reactions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"potassium hydroxide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_hydroxide"},{"link_name":"potassium carbonate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_carbonate"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ferriday2021-2"},{"link_name":"air","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fuelcellhandbook-1"}],"text":"The two electrodes are separated by a porous matrix saturated with an aqueous alkaline solution, such as potassium hydroxide (KOH). Aqueous alkaline solutions do not reject carbon dioxide (CO2) so the fuel cell can become \"poisoned\" through the conversion of KOH to potassium carbonate (K2CO3).[2] Because of this, alkaline fuel cells typically operate on pure oxygen, or at least purified air and would incorporate a 'scrubber' into the design to clean out as much of the carbon dioxide as is possible.[1] Because the generation and storage requirements of oxygen make pure-oxygen AFCs expensive, there are few companies engaged in active development of the technology. There is, however, some debate in the research community over whether the poisoning is permanent or reversible. The main mechanisms of poisoning are blocking of the pores in the cathode with K2CO3, which is not reversible, and reduction in the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, which may be reversible by returning the KOH to its original concentration. An alternate method involves simply replacing the KOH which returns the cell back to its original output.\n\nWhen carbon dioxide reacts with the electrolyte carbonates are formed. The carbonates could precipitate on the pores of electrodes that eventually block them. It has been found that AFCs operating at higher temperature do not show a reduction in performance, whereas at around room temperature, a significant drop in performance has been shown. The carbonate poisoning at ambient temperature is thought to be a result of the low solubility of K2CO3 around room temperature, which leads to precipitation of K2CO3 that blocks the electrode pores. Also, these precipitants gradually decrease the hydrophobicity of the electrode backing layer leading to structural degradation and electrode flooding.C\n O\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n 2\n K\n O\n H\n \n ⟶\n \n \n K\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n C\n O\n \n \n 3\n \n \n +\n \n \n H\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n O\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {CO} _{2}+\\mathrm {2KOH} \\longrightarrow \\mathrm {K} _{2}\\mathrm {CO} _{3}+\\mathrm {H} _{2}\\mathrm {O} }\n \n\n\nOn the other hand, the charge-carrying hydroxide ions in the electrolyte can react with carbon dioxide from organic fuel oxidation (i.e. methanol, formic acid) or air to form carbonate species.2\n O\n H\n \n \n −\n \n \n +\n \n \n C\n O\n \n \n 2\n \n \n ⟶\n \n \n C\n O\n \n \n 3\n \n \n 2\n −\n \n \n +\n \n \n H\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n O\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {2OH} ^{-}+\\mathrm {CO} _{2}\\longrightarrow \\mathrm {CO} _{3}^{2-}+\\mathrm {H} _{2}\\mathrm {O} }\n \n\n\nCarbonate formation depletes hydroxide ions from the electrolyte, which reduces electrolyte conductivity and consequently cell performance.\nAs well as these bulk effects, the effect on water management due to a change in vapor pressure and/or a change in electrolyte volume can be detrimental as well.","title":"Electrolyte"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"metal hydride fuel cell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_hydride_fuel_cell"},{"link_name":"direct borohydride fuel cell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_borohydride_fuel_cell"}],"text":"Because of this poisoning effect, two main variants of AFCs exist: static electrolyte and flowing electrolyte. Static, or immobilized, electrolyte cells of the type used in the Apollo space craft and the Space Shuttle typically use an asbestos separator saturated in potassium hydroxide. Water production is controlled by evaporation from the anode, which produces pure water that may be reclaimed for other uses. These fuel cells typically use platinum catalysts to achieve maximum volumetric and specific efficiencies.Flowing electrolyte designs use a more open matrix that allows the electrolyte to flow either between the electrodes (parallel to the electrodes) or through the electrodes in a transverse direction (the ASK-type or EloFlux fuel cell). In parallel-flow electrolyte designs, the water produced is retained in the electrolyte, and old electrolyte may be exchanged for fresh, in a manner analogous to an oil change in a car. More space is required between electrodes to enable this flow, and this translates into an increase in cell resistance, decreasing power output compared to immobilized electrolyte designs. A further challenge for the technology is how severe the problem of permanent blocking of the cathode is by K2CO3; some published reports have indicated thousands of hours of operation on air.\nThese designs have used both platinum and non-noble metal catalysts, resulting in increased efficiencies and increased cost.The EloFlux design, with its transverse flow of electrolyte, has the advantage of low-cost construction and replaceable electrolyte but so far has only been demonstrated using oxygen.The electrodes consist of a double layer structure: an active electrocatalyst layer and a hydrophobic layer. The active layer consists of an organic mixture which is ground and then rolled at room temperature to form a crosslinked self-supporting sheet. The hydrophobic structure prevents the electrolyte from leaking into the reactant gas flow channels and ensures diffusion of the gases to the reaction site. The two layers are then pressed onto a conducting metal mesh, and sintering completes the process.Further variations on the alkaline fuel cell include the metal hydride fuel cell and the direct borohydride fuel cell.","title":"Basic designs"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"proton-exchange membrane fuel cells","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"},{"link_name":"solid oxide fuel cells","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_oxide_fuel_cell"},{"link_name":"phosphoric acid fuel cells","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoric_acid_fuel_cell"},{"link_name":"noble metals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_metal"},{"link_name":"iron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron"},{"link_name":"cobalt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt"},{"link_name":"nickel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel"},{"link_name":"manganese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese"},{"link_name":"silver","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ferriday2021-2"},{"link_name":"overpotentials","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpotential"},{"link_name":"electrochemical","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical"},{"link_name":"pH","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH"}],"text":"Alkaline fuel cells operate between ambient temperature and 90 °C with an electrical efficiency higher than fuel cells with acidic electrolyte, such as proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), solid oxide fuel cells, and phosphoric acid fuel cells. Because of the alkaline chemistry, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at the cathode are much more facile than in acidic cells, allowing use of non-noble metals, such as iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, or carbon-based nanomaterial at the anode (where fuel is oxidized); and cheaper catalysts such as silver at the cathode,[2] due to the low overpotentials associated with electrochemical reactions at high pH.An alkaline medium also accelerates oxidation of fuels like methanol, making them more attractive.\nThis results in less pollution compared to acidic fuel cells.","title":"Advantages over acidic fuel cells"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hydra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_(ship)"},{"link_name":"anion-exchange membrane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion-exchange_membrane"}],"text":"AFCs are the cheapest of fuel cells to manufacture. The catalyst required for the electrodes can be any of a number of different chemicals that are inexpensive compared to those required for other types of fuel cells.The commercial prospects for AFCs lie largely with the recently developed bi-polar plate version of this technology, considerably superior in performance to earlier mono-plate versions.The world's first fuel-cell ship, the Hydra, used an AFC system with 5 kW net output.Another recent development is the solid-state alkaline fuel cell, utilizing a solid anion-exchange membrane instead of a liquid electrolyte. This resolves the problem of poisoning and allows the development of alkaline fuel cells capable of running on safer hydrogen-rich carriers such as liquid urea solutions or metal amine complexes.","title":"Commercial prospects"}]
[{"image_text":"Diagram of an Alkaline Fuel Cell: 1. Hydrogen 2. Electron flow 3. Load 4. Oxygen 5. Cathode 6. Electrolyte 7. Anode 8. Water 9. Hydroxide Ions","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Alkalinecell.svg/270px-Alkalinecell.svg.png"}]
[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crystal_energy.svg"},{"title":"Energy portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Energy"},{"title":"Gas diffusion electrode","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_diffusion_electrode"},{"title":"Glossary of fuel cell terms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_fuel_cell_terms"},{"title":"Hydrazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrazine"},{"title":"Hydrogen technologies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_technologies"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_Condition_(film)
Heart Condition (film)
["1 Plot","2 Cast","3 Production","4 Reception","5 References","6 External links"]
1990 film by James D. Parriott Heart ConditionTheatrical release posterDirected byJames D. ParriottWritten byJames D. ParriottProduced bySteve TischStarring Bob Hoskins Denzel Washington Chloe Webb CinematographyArthur AlbertEdited byDavid FinferMusic byPatrick LeonardDistributed byNew Line CinemaRelease date February 2, 1990 (1990-02-02) Running time100 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishBudget$9–10 millionBox office$4,134,992 (US) Heart Condition is a 1990 American comedy film starring Bob Hoskins, Denzel Washington and Chloe Webb. Denzel Washington stars as Napoleon Stone, a lawyer, and Bob Hoskins stars as Jack Moony, a police officer. The two rivals compete in the same work force area in their community to help bring down drug rate. Their goal would be to find the mysterious men that shot and killed Napoleon Stone. The film was released on February 2, 1990, and grossed over $4 million in the U.S. It received negative reviews from critics. Plot This article needs an improved plot summary. Please help improve the plot summary. (June 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Hoskins plays police sergeant Jack Moony, a racist bigoted cop; and Washington plays Napoleon Stone, an irresistible persuader and ambulance-chasing lawyer who Moony hates. The feelings are mutual. Stone goes on to date Moony's ex-girlfriend which stirs up the pot between the two. Moony's years of bad habits, such as overeating, smoking, and drinking, finally catch up with him, risking his health and life. At the same time, Stone is killed in an apparent car accident. After suffering a heart attack, Moony wakes up to find out that his new heart was once Stone's, and the dead lawyer's ghost has become his constant companion. Stone takes on the role of a manifested ghost that needs answers to why he was shot and who committed it. He seeks to haunt Moony to help him in this quest because of the relationship they once had that will now continue. Now, Moony will have to solve Stone's murder. Cast Bob Hoskins as Jack Moony Denzel Washington as Napoleon Stone Lisa Stahl Sullivan as Annie Chloe Webb as Crystal Gerrity Roger E. Mosley as Captain Wendt Alan Rachins as Dr. Posner Ray Baker as Harry Zara Jeffrey Meek as Graham Eva LaRue as Peisha Ron Taylor as Bubba Clayton Landey as Posner's Assistant Production Principal photography commenced in Los Angeles, California, on May 12, 1989, with a budget ranging from $9 to $10 million. Executive producer Robert Shaye, also President of New Line Cinema, asserted that had a major studio been involved, the cost for Heart Condition would have soared by "several million more." This was because New Line opted for non-union crews and eschewed high-profile stars to maintain budgetary discipline. However, the film faced setbacks as the local Teamsters Union staged protests during location shoots, causing delays. Writer-director James D. Parriott said Denzel Washington insisted on tempering some of the racial elements before accepting the role of "Napoleon Stone." Initially conceived as "a flashy black pimp" by Parriott, the character struggled to attract prominent African-American actors. Gene Hackman, Robert Duvall, Brian Dennehy, and Dennis Hopper were considered to play "Jack Moony;" the part went to Bob Hoskins. Key scenes were set at a hamburger stand erected on the southwest corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Argyle Street in Hollywood, California, opposite the Pantages Theater. Additional sequences were filmed two blocks north, near the intersection of Argyle and Franklin Avenue. While the exterior of the bowling alley scenes was shot at Hollywood Star Lanes on Santa Monica Boulevard, Hollywood, the interiors were filmed at Montrose Bowl in Montrose, California. Various other locations across Los Angeles, including Beverly Hills and Westwood, provided additional settings for filming. Reception The movie's reception was largely negative, scoring a 10% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 10 reviews. Roger Ebert gave the film two stars. In 2021, Vulture ranked 47 Denzel Washington movies, with Heart Condition coming in last place at number 47. References ^ a b c d "Heart Condition". American Film Institute. Retrieved January 29, 2024. ^ Hinson, Hal (February 3, 1990). "Heart Condition". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 27, 2019. ^ Hicks, Chris (February 2, 1990). "Film review: Heart Condition". Deseret News. Retrieved February 27, 2019. ^ "Heart Condition (1990)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved August 18, 2021. ^ Ebert, Roger (February 2, 1990). "Heart Condition". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved February 27, 2019. ^ "Every Denzel Washington Movie, Ranked". January 30, 2021. External links Heart Condition at IMDb Heart Condition at AllMovie Heart Condition at Box Office Mojo Heart Condition at Rotten Tomatoes
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Their goal would be to find the mysterious men that shot and killed Napoleon Stone.[2][3]The film was released on February 2, 1990, and grossed over $4 million in the U.S. It received negative reviews from critics.","title":"Heart Condition (film)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"bigoted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigoted"}],"text":"Hoskins plays police sergeant Jack Moony, a racist bigoted cop; and Washington plays Napoleon Stone, an irresistible persuader and ambulance-chasing lawyer who Moony hates. The feelings are mutual. Stone goes on to date Moony's ex-girlfriend which stirs up the pot between the two. Moony's years of bad habits, such as overeating, smoking, and drinking, finally catch up with him, risking his health and life. At the same time, Stone is killed in an apparent car accident. After suffering a heart attack, Moony wakes up to find out that his new heart was once Stone's, and the dead lawyer's ghost has become his constant companion. Stone takes on the role of a manifested ghost that needs answers to why he was shot and who committed it. He seeks to haunt Moony to help him in this quest because of the relationship they once had that will now continue. Now, Moony will have to solve Stone's murder.","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bob Hoskins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Hoskins"},{"link_name":"Denzel Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denzel_Washington"},{"link_name":"Lisa Stahl Sullivan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Stahl_Sullivan"},{"link_name":"Chloe Webb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloe_Webb"},{"link_name":"Roger E. Mosley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_E._Mosley"},{"link_name":"Alan Rachins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rachins"},{"link_name":"Ray Baker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Baker_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Jeffrey Meek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Meek"},{"link_name":"Eva LaRue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_LaRue"},{"link_name":"Ron Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Taylor_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Clayton Landey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton_Landey"}],"text":"Bob Hoskins as Jack Moony\nDenzel Washington as Napoleon Stone\nLisa Stahl Sullivan as Annie\nChloe Webb as Crystal Gerrity\nRoger E. Mosley as Captain Wendt\nAlan Rachins as Dr. Posner\nRay Baker as Harry Zara\nJeffrey Meek as Graham\nEva LaRue as Peisha\nRon Taylor as Bubba\nClayton Landey as Posner's Assistant","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Robert Shaye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Shaye"},{"link_name":"New Line Cinema","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Line_Cinema"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AFI-1"},{"link_name":"James D. Parriott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Parriott"},{"link_name":"Denzel Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denzel_Washington"},{"link_name":"Gene Hackman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Hackman"},{"link_name":"Robert Duvall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Duvall"},{"link_name":"Brian Dennehy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dennehy"},{"link_name":"Dennis Hopper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Hopper"},{"link_name":"Bob Hoskins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Hoskins"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AFI-1"},{"link_name":"Hollywood Boulevard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Boulevard"},{"link_name":"Pantages Theater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantages_Theatre_(Hollywood)"},{"link_name":"Franklin Avenue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Avenue_(Los_Angeles)"},{"link_name":"Hollywood Star Lanes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Star_Lanes"},{"link_name":"Santa Monica Boulevard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Monica_Boulevard"},{"link_name":"Montrose, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose,_California"},{"link_name":"Beverly Hills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Hills"},{"link_name":"Westwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westwood,_Los_Angeles"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AFI-1"}],"text":"Principal photography commenced in Los Angeles, California, on May 12, 1989, with a budget ranging from $9 to $10 million. Executive producer Robert Shaye, also President of New Line Cinema, asserted that had a major studio been involved, the cost for Heart Condition would have soared by \"several million more.\" This was because New Line opted for non-union crews and eschewed high-profile stars to maintain budgetary discipline. However, the film faced setbacks as the local Teamsters Union staged protests during location shoots, causing delays.[1]Writer-director James D. Parriott said Denzel Washington insisted on tempering some of the racial elements before accepting the role of \"Napoleon Stone.\" Initially conceived as \"a flashy black pimp\" by Parriott, the character struggled to attract prominent African-American actors. Gene Hackman, Robert Duvall, Brian Dennehy, and Dennis Hopper were considered to play \"Jack Moony;\" the part went to Bob Hoskins.[1]Key scenes were set at a hamburger stand erected on the southwest corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Argyle Street in Hollywood, California, opposite the Pantages Theater. Additional sequences were filmed two blocks north, near the intersection of Argyle and Franklin Avenue. While the exterior of the bowling alley scenes was shot at Hollywood Star Lanes on Santa Monica Boulevard, Hollywood, the interiors were filmed at Montrose Bowl in Montrose, California. Various other locations across Los Angeles, including Beverly Hills and Westwood, provided additional settings for filming.[1]","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rotten Tomatoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Roger Ebert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ebert"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"The movie's reception was largely negative, scoring a 10% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 10 reviews.[4] Roger Ebert gave the film two stars.[5] In 2021, Vulture ranked 47 Denzel Washington movies, with Heart Condition coming in last place at number 47.[6]","title":"Reception"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese_oxalate
Manganese oxalate
["1 Synthesis","2 Physical properties","3 Chemical properties","4 Application","5 See also","6 References"]
Manganese oxalate Names Other names Manganese(II) oxalate, Manganese(2+) oxalate, Lindbergite Identifiers CAS Number 640-67-5 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChemSpider 62705 ECHA InfoCard 100.010.335 EC Number 211-367-3 PubChem CID 69499 UNII A8PK5I86G8 Y CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID90894218 InChI InChI=1S/C2H2O4.Mn/c3-1(4)2(5)6;/h(H,3,4)(H,5,6);/q;+2/p-2Key: RGVLTEMOWXGQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L SMILES C(=O)(C(=O)). Properties Chemical formula C2MnO4 Molar mass 142.956 g·mol−1 Appearance Light pink crystals Density 2.43 Solubility in water insoluble Solubility product (Ksp) 1.7×10−7 Hazards GHS labelling: Pictograms Signal word Warning Hazard statements H302, H312 Precautionary statements P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P312, P322, P330, P363, P501 Related compounds Related compounds Magnesium oxalateStrontium oxalateBarium oxalateIron(II) oxalateIron(III) oxalatePraseodymium oxalate Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). Infobox references Chemical compound Manganese oxalate is a chemical compound, a salt of manganese and oxalic acid with the chemical formula MnC2O4. The compound creates light pink crystals, does not dissolve in water, and forms crystalline hydrates. It occurs naturally as the mineral Lindbergite. Synthesis Exchange reaction between sodium oxalate and manganese chloride: M n C l 2 + N a 2 C 2 O 4 + 2 H 2 O   →   M n C 2 O 4 ⋅ 2 H 2 O ↓ + 2 N a C l {\displaystyle {\mathsf {MnCl_{2}+Na_{2}C_{2}O_{4}+2H_{2}O\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ MnC_{2}O_{4}\cdot 2H_{2}O\downarrow +2NaCl}}} Physical properties Manganese oxalate forms light pink crystals. It does not dissolve in water, p Ksp= 6.8. Forms crystalline hydrates of the composition MnC2O4•n H2O, where n = 2 and 3. Crystalline hydrate of the composition MnC2O4•2H2O forms light pink crystals of the orthorhombic system, space group P212121, cell parameters a = 0.6262 nm, b = 1.3585 nm, c = 0.6091 nm, Z = 4, melts in its own crystallization water at 100°C. Chemical properties Decomposes on heating: M n C 2 O 4   → 215 o C   M n O + C O ↑ + C O 2 ↑ {\displaystyle {\mathsf {MnC_{2}O_{4}\ {\xrightarrow {215^{o}C}}\ MnO+CO\uparrow +CO_{2}\uparrow }}} Application Manganese oxalate is used as an auxiliary siccative. Manganese oxalate precursor is used to synthesize single phase nanoparticles of various manganese oxides, such as MnO, Mn2O3, and Mn3O4. See also Iron oxalate References ^ John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 5–188. ISBN 978-1138561632. ^ Lunge, Georg (1924). Lunge and Keane's Technical Methods of Chemical Analysis. 2d Ed., Edited by Charles A. Keane ...and P.C.L. Thorne. Gurney and Jackson. p. 61. Retrieved 5 August 2021. ^ Young, Philena Anne (1928). The Volumetric Determination of Vanadium and Chromium in Special Alloy Steels: Ceric Sulfate as a Volumetric Oxidizing Agent. Mack Printing Company. p. 74. Retrieved 5 August 2021. ^ Donkova, B.; Mehandjiev, D. (2004). "Mechanism of decomposition of manganese(II) oxalate dihydrate and manganese(II) oxalate trihydrate". Thermochimica Acta. 421 (1–2): 141–149. Bibcode:2004TcAc..421..141D. doi:10.1016/j.tca.2004.04.001. ISSN 0040-6031. Retrieved 5 August 2021. ^ Atencio, Daniel; Coutinho, José M.V.; Graeser, Stefan; Matioli, Paulo A.; Menezes Filho, Luiz A.D. (2004). "Lindbergite, a new Mn oxalate dihydrate from Boca Rica mine, Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences". American Mineralogist. 89 (7): 1087–1091. Bibcode:2004AmMin..89.1087A. doi:10.2138/am-2004-0721. ISSN 1945-3027. S2CID 100604132. Retrieved 1 December 2021. ^ Nedyalkova, Miroslava; Antonov, Vladislav (1 January 2018). "Manganese oxalates - structure-based Insights". Open Chemistry. 16 (1): 1176–1183. doi:10.1515/chem-2018-0123. ISSN 2391-5420. S2CID 104343447. ^ Puzan, Anna N.; Baumer, Vyacheslav N.; Lisovytskiy, Dmytro V.; Mateychenko, Pavel V. (1 April 2018). "Structure disordering and thermal decomposition of manganese oxalate dihydrate, MnC2O4·2H2O". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 260: 87–94. Bibcode:2018JSSCh.260...87P. doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2018.01.022. ISSN 0022-4596. Retrieved 5 August 2021. ^ Donkova, Borjana; Avdeev, Georgi (1 August 2015). "Synthesis and decomposition mechanism of γ-MnC2O4·2H2O rods under non-isothermal and isothermal conditions". Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 121 (2): 567–577. doi:10.1007/s10973-015-4590-4. ISSN 1588-2926. S2CID 97032400. Retrieved 5 August 2021. ^ Ahmad, Tokeer; Ramanujachary, Kandalam V.; Lofland, Samuel E.; Ganguli, Ashok K. (24 November 2004). "Nanorods of manganese oxalate: a single source precursor to different manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4)". Journal of Materials Chemistry. 14 (23): 3406–3410. doi:10.1039/B409010A. ISSN 1364-5501. Retrieved 5 August 2021. vteManganese compoundsManganese(-I) MnH(CO)5 Manganese(0) Mn2(CO)10 Manganese(I) (C5H4CH3)Mn(CO)3 Mn(CO)5Br Manganese(II) MnC2O4 MnO Mn3(PO4)2 MnS MnSe MnTe Mn(NO3)2 MnCO3 MnCl2 MnSO4 MnF2 MnBr2 MnI2 MnTiO3 MnMoO4 Mn(CH3COO)2 Mn(OH)2 MnSe2 Mn(ClO3)2 Mn(ClO4)2 Mn(C5H5)2 Mn(C3H5O3)2 C24H48MnO4 C36H70MnO4 Manganese(II,III) Mn3O4 Manganese(II,IV) Mn5O8 Manganese(III) MnCl3 Mn2O3 MnF3 K6Mn2O6 MnAs MnPO4 Mn(CH3COO)3 Manganese(IV) MnS2 MnCl4 MnO2 MnF4 MnSi MnGe Manganese(V) K3MnO4 MnF5 (predicted) Manganese(VI) H2MnO4 MnO3 Na2MnO4 K2MnO4 MnO2F2 (predicted) Manganese(VII) Mn2O7 KMnO4 MnO3F vteSalts of the oxalate ion (H2C2O4) He Li2C2O4 BeC2O4 +BO3 +CO3 (NH4)2C2O4+NO3 O F Ne Na2C2O4NaHC2O4 MgC2O4 Al Si +PO4+PO3 +SO4 +Cl Ar K2C2O4KHC2O4 CaC2O4 Sc Ti V CrC2O4 MnC2O4 FeC2O4Fe2(C2O4)3+Fehumboldtine+NH4 +Na +K +K CoC2O4 -Ni CuC2O4 Katsarosite Ga2(C2O4)3 Ge As Se Br Kr Rb2C2O4 SrC2O4 Y2(C2O4)3 Zr Nb(HC2O4)5 Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag2C2O4 CdC2O4 In2(C2O4)3 SnC2O4 Sb Te I Xe Cs2C2O4 BaC2O4 * Lu2(C2O4)3 Hf Ta W Re Os Ir -Pt Au Hg Tl PbC2O4 Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra ** Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og   * La2(C2O4)3 Ce2(C2O4)3 Pr2(C2O4)3 Nd2(C2O4)3 Pm2(C2O4)3 Sm2(C2O4)3 Eu2(C2O4)3 Gd2(C2O4)3 Tb2(C2O4)3 Dy2(C2O4)3 Ho2(C2O4)3 Er2(C2O4)3 Tm2(C2O4)3 Yb2(C2O4)3 ** Ac2(C2O4)3 Th(C2O4)2 Pa UO2C2O4 Np(C2O4)2 Pu(C2O4)2 Am Cm2(C2O4)3 Bk2(C2O4)3 Cf2(C2O4)3 Es2(C2O4)3 Fm Md No
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"manganese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese"},{"link_name":"oxalic acid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxalic_acid"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Lindbergite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lindbergite&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Chemical compoundManganese oxalate is a chemical compound, a salt of manganese and oxalic acid with the chemical formula MnC2O4.[2][3] The compound creates light pink crystals, does not dissolve in water, and forms crystalline hydrates.[4] It occurs naturally as the mineral Lindbergite.[5]","title":"Manganese oxalate"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"sodium oxalate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_oxalate"},{"link_name":"manganese chloride","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese_chloride"}],"text":"Exchange reaction between sodium oxalate and manganese chloride:M\n n\n C\n \n l\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n N\n \n a\n \n 2\n \n \n \n C\n \n 2\n \n \n \n O\n \n 4\n \n \n +\n 2\n \n H\n \n 2\n \n \n O\n  \n \n \n →\n \n \n \n  \n M\n n\n \n C\n \n 2\n \n \n \n O\n \n 4\n \n \n ⋅\n 2\n \n H\n \n 2\n \n \n O\n ↓\n +\n 2\n N\n a\n C\n l\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathsf {MnCl_{2}+Na_{2}C_{2}O_{4}+2H_{2}O\\ {\\xrightarrow {}}\\ MnC_{2}O_{4}\\cdot 2H_{2}O\\downarrow +2NaCl}}}","title":"Synthesis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"orthorhombic system","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthorhombic_system"},{"link_name":"space group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_group"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Manganese oxalate forms light pink crystals.It does not dissolve in water, p Ksp= 6.8.Forms crystalline hydrates of the composition MnC2O4•n H2O, where n = 2 and 3.[6]Crystalline hydrate of the composition MnC2O4•2H2O forms light pink crystals of the orthorhombic system, space group P212121, cell parameters a = 0.6262 nm, b = 1.3585 nm, c = 0.6091 nm, Z = 4, melts in its own crystallization water at 100°C.[7][8]","title":"Physical properties"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Decomposes on heating:M\n n\n \n C\n \n 2\n \n \n \n O\n \n 4\n \n \n  \n \n \n →\n \n \n 215\n \n o\n \n \n C\n \n \n \n  \n M\n n\n O\n +\n C\n O\n ↑\n +\n C\n \n O\n \n 2\n \n \n ↑\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathsf {MnC_{2}O_{4}\\ {\\xrightarrow {215^{o}C}}\\ MnO+CO\\uparrow +CO_{2}\\uparrow }}}","title":"Chemical properties"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"siccative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siccative"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Manganese oxalate is used as an auxiliary siccative.\nManganese oxalate precursor is used to synthesize single phase nanoparticles of various manganese oxides, such as MnO, Mn2O3, and Mn3O4.[9]","title":"Application"}]
[]
[{"title":"Iron oxalate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_oxalate"}]
[{"reference":"John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 5–188. ISBN 978-1138561632.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1138561632","url_text":"978-1138561632"}]},{"reference":"Lunge, Georg (1924). Lunge and Keane's Technical Methods of Chemical Analysis. 2d Ed., Edited by Charles A. Keane ...and P.C.L. Thorne. Gurney and Jackson. p. 61. Retrieved 5 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=-RNuAAAAIAAJ&q=Manganese+oxalate","url_text":"Lunge and Keane's Technical Methods of Chemical Analysis. 2d Ed., Edited by Charles A. Keane ...and P.C.L. Thorne"}]},{"reference":"Young, Philena Anne (1928). The Volumetric Determination of Vanadium and Chromium in Special Alloy Steels: Ceric Sulfate as a Volumetric Oxidizing Agent. Mack Printing Company. p. 74. Retrieved 5 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=A0jPAAAAMAAJ&q=Manganese+oxalate","url_text":"The Volumetric Determination of Vanadium and Chromium in Special Alloy Steels: Ceric Sulfate as a Volumetric Oxidizing Agent"}]},{"reference":"Donkova, B.; Mehandjiev, D. (2004). \"Mechanism of decomposition of manganese(II) oxalate dihydrate and manganese(II) oxalate trihydrate\". Thermochimica Acta. 421 (1–2): 141–149. Bibcode:2004TcAc..421..141D. doi:10.1016/j.tca.2004.04.001. ISSN 0040-6031. Retrieved 5 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:36074968","url_text":"\"Mechanism of decomposition of manganese(II) oxalate dihydrate and manganese(II) oxalate trihydrate\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004TcAc..421..141D","url_text":"2004TcAc..421..141D"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tca.2004.04.001","url_text":"10.1016/j.tca.2004.04.001"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0040-6031","url_text":"0040-6031"}]},{"reference":"Atencio, Daniel; Coutinho, José M.V.; Graeser, Stefan; Matioli, Paulo A.; Menezes Filho, Luiz A.D. (2004). \"Lindbergite, a new Mn oxalate dihydrate from Boca Rica mine, Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences\". American Mineralogist. 89 (7): 1087–1091. Bibcode:2004AmMin..89.1087A. doi:10.2138/am-2004-0721. ISSN 1945-3027. S2CID 100604132. Retrieved 1 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article-abstract/89/7/1087/44298/Lindbergite-a-new-Mn-oxalate-dihydrate-from-Boca","url_text":"\"Lindbergite, a new Mn oxalate dihydrate from Boca Rica mine, Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AmMin..89.1087A","url_text":"2004AmMin..89.1087A"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2138%2Fam-2004-0721","url_text":"10.2138/am-2004-0721"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1945-3027","url_text":"1945-3027"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:100604132","url_text":"100604132"}]},{"reference":"Nedyalkova, Miroslava; Antonov, Vladislav (1 January 2018). \"Manganese oxalates - structure-based Insights\". Open Chemistry. 16 (1): 1176–1183. doi:10.1515/chem-2018-0123. ISSN 2391-5420. S2CID 104343447.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fchem-2018-0123","url_text":"\"Manganese oxalates - structure-based Insights\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fchem-2018-0123","url_text":"10.1515/chem-2018-0123"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2391-5420","url_text":"2391-5420"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:104343447","url_text":"104343447"}]},{"reference":"Puzan, Anna N.; Baumer, Vyacheslav N.; Lisovytskiy, Dmytro V.; Mateychenko, Pavel V. (1 April 2018). \"Structure disordering and thermal decomposition of manganese oxalate dihydrate, MnC2O4·2H2O\". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 260: 87–94. Bibcode:2018JSSCh.260...87P. doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2018.01.022. ISSN 0022-4596. Retrieved 5 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022459618300409","url_text":"\"Structure disordering and thermal decomposition of manganese oxalate dihydrate, MnC2O4·2H2O\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Solid_State_Chemistry","url_text":"Journal of Solid State Chemistry"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JSSCh.260...87P","url_text":"2018JSSCh.260...87P"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jssc.2018.01.022","url_text":"10.1016/j.jssc.2018.01.022"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-4596","url_text":"0022-4596"}]},{"reference":"Donkova, Borjana; Avdeev, Georgi (1 August 2015). \"Synthesis and decomposition mechanism of γ-MnC2O4·2H2O rods under non-isothermal and isothermal conditions\". Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 121 (2): 567–577. doi:10.1007/s10973-015-4590-4. ISSN 1588-2926. S2CID 97032400. Retrieved 5 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10973-015-4590-4","url_text":"\"Synthesis and decomposition mechanism of γ-MnC2O4·2H2O rods under non-isothermal and isothermal conditions\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Thermal_Analysis_and_Calorimetry","url_text":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10973-015-4590-4","url_text":"10.1007/s10973-015-4590-4"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1588-2926","url_text":"1588-2926"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:97032400","url_text":"97032400"}]},{"reference":"Ahmad, Tokeer; Ramanujachary, Kandalam V.; Lofland, Samuel E.; Ganguli, Ashok K. (24 November 2004). \"Nanorods of manganese oxalate: a single source precursor to different manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4)\". Journal of Materials Chemistry. 14 (23): 3406–3410. doi:10.1039/B409010A. ISSN 1364-5501. Retrieved 5 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/JM/2004/B409010A","url_text":"\"Nanorods of manganese oxalate: a single source precursor to different manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Materials_Chemistry","url_text":"Journal of Materials Chemistry"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1039%2FB409010A","url_text":"10.1039/B409010A"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1364-5501","url_text":"1364-5501"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brezzo_di_Bedero
Brezzo di Bedero
["1 References"]
Coordinates: 45°59′N 8°43′E / 45.983°N 8.717°E / 45.983; 8.717Comune in Lombardy, ItalyBrezzo di BederoComuneComune di Brezzo di Bedero Coat of armsLocation of Brezzo di Bedero Brezzo di BederoLocation of Brezzo di Bedero in ItalyShow map of ItalyBrezzo di BederoBrezzo di Bedero (Lombardy)Show map of LombardyCoordinates: 45°59′N 8°43′E / 45.983°N 8.717°E / 45.983; 8.717CountryItalyRegionLombardyProvinceVarese (VA)FrazioniBedero, Brezzo, Pralongo, Casa Passera, casa fioroli, Alcio, La Canonica, Trigo, Casa Sirpo, Nonedo, Cà Bianca, Casa Spozio, Villaggio OlandeseGovernment • MayorMaria Grazia CampagnaniArea • Total8.2 km2 (3.2 sq mi)Elevation352 m (1,155 ft)Population (Dec. 2004) • Total984 • Density120/km2 (310/sq mi)DemonymBederesiTime zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Postal code21010Dialing code0332Patron saintSt. VictorWebsiteOfficial website Brezzo di Bedero is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Varese. Brezzo di Bedero borders the following municipalities: Brissago-Valtravaglia, Cannero Riviera, Germignaga, Oggebbio, Porto Valtravaglia. References ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019. ^ All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute Istat. vteLombardy · Comuni of the Province of Varese Agra Albizzate Angera Arcisate Arsago Seprio Azzate Azzio Barasso Bardello Bedero Valcuvia Besano Besnate Besozzo Biandronno Bisuschio Bodio Lomnago Brebbia Bregano Brenta Brezzo di Bedero Brinzio Brissago-Valtravaglia Brunello Brusimpiano Buguggiate Busto Arsizio Cadegliano-Viconago Cadrezzate con Osmate Cairate Cantello Caravate Cardano al Campo Carnago Caronno Pertusella Caronno Varesino Casale Litta Casalzuigno Casciago Casorate Sempione Cassano Magnago Cassano Valcuvia Castellanza Castello Cabiaglio Castelseprio Castelveccana Castiglione Olona Castronno Cavaria con Premezzo Cazzago Brabbia Cislago Cittiglio Clivio Cocquio-Trevisago Comabbio Comerio Cremenaga Crosio della Valle Cuasso al Monte Cugliate-Fabiasco Cunardo Curiglia con Monteviasco Cuveglio Cuvio Daverio Dumenza Duno Fagnano Olona Ferno Ferrera di Varese Gallarate Galliate Lombardo Gavirate Gazzada Schianno Gemonio Gerenzano Germignaga Golasecca Gorla Maggiore Gorla Minore Gornate-Olona Grantola Inarzo Induno Olona Ispra Jerago con Orago Lavena Ponte Tresa Laveno-Mombello Leggiuno Lonate Ceppino Lonate Pozzolo Lozza Luino Luvinate Maccagno Malgesso Malnate Marchirolo Marnate Marzio Masciago Primo Mercallo Mesenzana Montegrino Valtravaglia Monvalle Morazzone Mornago Oggiona con Santo Stefano Olgiate Olona Origgio Orino Pino sulla Sponda del Lago Maggiore Porto Ceresio Porto Valtravaglia Rancio Valcuvia Ranco Saltrio Samarate Sangiano Saronno Sesto Calende Solbiate Arno Solbiate Olona Somma Lombardo Sumirago Taino Ternate Tradate Travedona-Monate Tronzano Lago Maggiore Uboldo Valganna Varano Borghi Varese Vedano Olona Veddasca Venegono Inferiore Venegono Superiore Vergiate Viggiù Vizzola Ticino vteLake Maggiore (Lago Maggiore, Verbano) Italy Lombardy (Province of Varese) Piedmont (Province of Novara, Province of Verbano Cusio Ossola) Switzerland Ticino (Distretto di Locarno) Settlements Angera Arona Ascona Baveno Belgirate Besozzo Brebbia Brezzo di Bedero Brissago Cannero Riviera Cannobio Castelletto sopra Ticino Castelveccana Caviano Dormelletto Germignaga Gerra (Gambarogno) Ghiffa Ispra Laveno-Mombello Leggiuno Lesa Locarno Luino Maccagno Magadino Meina Minusio Monvalle Muralto Oggebbio Piazzogna Pino sulla Sponda del Lago Maggiore Porto Valtravaglia Ranco Ronco sopra Ascona San Nazzaro Sant'Abbondio Sesto Calende Stresa Tenero-Contra Tronzano Lago Maggiore Verbania Vira Islands Isole Borromee Isola Bella Isola Madre Isola dei Pescatori Isolino di San Giovanni Brissago Islands Isola San Pancrazio Isola Sant’Apollinare Castelli di Cannero Isolino Partegora Rivers Boesio Cannobino Giona Maggia Margorabbia San Bernardino Stronetta Ticino Toce Tresa Verzasca Landmarks Giardino Botanico Alpinia Sacro Monte di Ghiffa Monte Verità Villa Taranto Films The Bishop's Bedroom People Arialdo House of Borromeo Piero Chiara Dario Fo Peter Martyr d'Anghiera Vittorio Sereni Cristoforo Solari Authority control databases VIAF WorldCat This article on a location in the Province of Varese is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"comune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comune"},{"link_name":"Province of Varese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Varese"},{"link_name":"Italian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy"},{"link_name":"Lombardy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardy"},{"link_name":"Milan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan"},{"link_name":"Varese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varese"},{"link_name":"Brissago-Valtravaglia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brissago-Valtravaglia"},{"link_name":"Cannero Riviera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannero_Riviera"},{"link_name":"Germignaga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germignaga"},{"link_name":"Oggebbio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oggebbio"},{"link_name":"Porto Valtravaglia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porto_Valtravaglia"}],"text":"Comune in Lombardy, ItalyBrezzo di Bedero is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Varese.Brezzo di Bedero borders the following municipalities: Brissago-Valtravaglia, Cannero Riviera, Germignaga, Oggebbio, Porto Valtravaglia.","title":"Brezzo di Bedero"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icosidodecadodecahedron
Icosidodecadodecahedron
["1 Related polyhedra","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
Polyhedron with 44 faces Icosidodecadodecahedron Type Uniform star polyhedron Elements F = 44, E = 120V = 60 (χ = −16) Faces by sides 12{5}+12{5/2}+20{6} Coxeter diagram Wythoff symbol 5/3 5 | 3 5/2 5/4 | 3 Symmetry group Ih, , *532 Index references U44, C56, W83 Dual polyhedron Medial icosacronic hexecontahedron Vertex figure 5.6.5/3.6 Bowers acronym Ided 3D model of an icosidodecadodecahedron In geometry, the icosidodecadodecahedron (or icosified dodecadodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U44. It has 44 faces (12 pentagons, 12 pentagrams and 20 hexagons), 120 edges and 60 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral. Related polyhedra It shares its vertex arrangement with the uniform compounds of 10 or 20 triangular prisms. It additionally shares its edges with the rhombidodecadodecahedron (having the pentagonal and pentagrammic faces in common) and the rhombicosahedron (having the hexagonal faces in common). Convex hull Rhombidodecadodecahedron Icosidodecadodecahedron Rhombicosahedron Compound of ten triangular prisms Compound of twenty triangular prisms See also List of uniform polyhedra Snub icosidodecadodecahedron References ^ Maeder, Roman. "44: icosidodecadodecahedron". MathConsult. External links Weisstein, Eric W. "Icosidodecadodecahedron". MathWorld. This polyhedron-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponderosa/Bonanza_Steakhouse
Ponderosa and Bonanza Steakhouses
["1 History","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
American restaurant company Ponderosa Steakhouse Bonanza Steakhouse Company typeWholly owned subsidiaryIndustryCasual dining, buffetFounded1965; 59 years ago (1965)HeadquartersPlano, TexasNumber of locations16 in U.S.; 48 worldwide (2024)ProductsSteak, salad, seafoodParentFAT BrandsWebsitepon-bon.com A Ponderosa Steakhouse in West Branch, Michigan (now closed). Ponderosa Steakhouse and Bonanza Steakhouse are a chain of buffet/steakhouse restaurants that are a part of Homestyle Dining LLC based in Plano, Texas. Its menu includes steaks, seafood, and chicken entrées, all of which come with their buffet. A lunch menu is also served. Unlike other chains with two names, such as Checkers and Rally's, which uses only one of the names in a given region, restaurants in a given region could be named either Bonanza or Ponderosa. This is because Bonanza and Ponderosa were separate companies, which were later merged under the Metromedia Restaurant Group. The names of the restaurants were derived from the TV series Bonanza, which was set at a place called Ponderosa Ranch. History A Bonanza steakhouse in Marquette, Michigan, in 2011. This location has since closed. In 1963, Dan Blocker, who played Eric "Hoss" Cartwright on Bonanza, started the Bonanza Steakhouse chain. The first Bonanza opened in Westport, Connecticut. Sam Wyly and his brother Charles Wyly bought the small Bonanza restaurant chain three years later. The company grew to approximately 600 restaurants by 1989, when the Wylys sold it to Metromedia. In 1965, Dan Lasater, Norm Wiese and Charles Kleptz founded Ponderosa in Kokomo, Indiana, moving the headquarters to Dayton, Ohio, in 1971. Ponderosa began operating in Canada by 1971 and until 1986, when its focus moved to post-recession US, had nearly 150 locations across the country. After closing most Canadian Ponderosa restaurants, the company returned to generating US restaurant franchises in 1986, reversing a previous freeze on new US franchises in the move to Canada. At that time, 36 Canadian Ponderosa locations were acquired by General Mills Restaurant Group which converted them to Red Lobster restaurants. In the meantime, Bonanza maintained a presence in Canada. The last Canadian location closed in November, 2010. In February 1988, Ponderosa was sold to Metromedia Restaurant Group. In September 1989, Metromedia acquired rival Bonanza, combining the two chains. In 1997, Ponderosa and Bonanza united under the Metromedia Family Steakhouses (MFS) organization to be marketed under the Ponderosa or Bonanza brands. MFS was one of founder John Kluge's companies using the Metromedia name. After its S&A Restaurant Group division was forced into an involuntary Chapter 7 liquidation by its lender, GE Capital, in August 2008, and closed over 300 company-owned Bennigan's and Steak & Ale restaurants, the chain's parent company, Metromedia Steakhouses Company, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2008, although it planned to reorganize around franchise operations and a profitable core of company-operated restaurants. It emerged from bankruptcy in 2009 under the name "Homestyle Dining LLC". The chain engaged Trinity Capital LLC as its financial advisor in 2016 and was sold in late 2017 to FAT Brands, the owner of Fatburger, Buffalo's Cafe and Hurricane Grill & Wings. FAT Brands has approximately 300 locations open, with another 300 under development in 32 countries. In 1989, there were almost 700 Ponderosa locations. By 2003, there were fewer than 400 locations. As of June 2024, only 13 Ponderosa locations and 3 Bonanza locations currently remain open in the US. See also List of buffet restaurants References ^ "All Ponderosa & Bonanza Locations | steaks, seafood, buffet". pon-bon.com. Retrieved March 14, 2022. ^ Richard K. Miller & Associates (2006). The Restaurant and Foodservice Market Research Handbook. Richard K. Miller & Associates. p. 168. ISBN 9781577831075. Retrieved January 26, 2018. ^ "Dan Blocker". IMDb. Retrieved January 2, 2017. ^ "The 400 Richest Americans: #354, Samuel Wyly", Forbes magazine, September 21, 2006 ^ "COMPANY NEWS; Ponderosa To Buy Rival". The New York Times. August 31, 1989. ^ a b Stephens, Caleb. "Local Ponderosa restaurants fall from six to two", Dayton Business Journal, April 18, 2003. ^ Mazerolle, Brent (November 7, 2010). "Last Ponderosa set to close". Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved December 11, 2018. ^ Deanne Brandon (November 1, 1985). "General Mills Restaurants - 11.01.85 - SI Vault". Orlandosentinel.com. Retrieved October 8, 2012. ^ "Mystery of Bonanza safe cracked". Saskatoon StarPhoenix. April 29, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2018. ^ https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/canada/2010/11/07/last-ponderosa-set-to-close ^ "31 Dec 1969, - at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. (subscription required) ^ Jeffrey McCracken and Janet Adamy, "Bennigan's, Steak & Ale Close, File for Bankruptcy Protection", Wall Street Journal, July 30, 2008 ^ SOURCE: Metromedia Steakhouses Company, L.P. ^ "Parent of Ponderosa, Bonanza steakhouses files for bankruptcy " "Dallasnews.com", October 22, 2008 ^ Plano-based Metromedia Steakhouses Company emerges from Chapter 11, renamed Homestyle Dining LLC Archived March 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine "Pegasus News", October 16, 2009 ^ SOURCE: BusinessWire ^ "FAT Brands Completes Acquisition of Ponderosa and Bonanza Steakhouses for $10.5 Million " "www.businesswire.com", October 31, 2017 ^ Maas, Tyler (October 19, 2022). "I went to the last Ponderosa in Wisconsin (and one of the last locations in the world)". Milwaukee Record. Retrieved November 2, 2022. ^ standardspeaker.com/news/bonanza-closes-doors-for-final-time-in-hazle-twp/article_b990a8F9-bbc4-530d-bdd0-c1752149d288.html ^ "Last Call: St. Cloud Bonanza Steakhouse Set to Permanently Close Today (Friday)". October 28, 2022. ^ "Ponderosa & Bonanza US E-Club Email Lists". Retrieved December 19, 2023. ^ Writer, Kelly Monitz Staff (November 9, 2021). "Bonanza closes doors for final time in Hazle Twp". Hazleton Standard Speaker. Retrieved June 6, 2024. External links Official website vteBonanzaTV series Seasons: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Lists Episodes Characters TV movies Bonanza: The Next Generation Bonanza: The Return Bonanza: Under Attack Related articles Ponderosa Ponderosa Ranch Ponderosa and Bonanza Steakhouses
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ponderosa_too.jpg"},{"link_name":"West Branch, Michigan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Branch,_Michigan"},{"link_name":"Plano, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plano,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Checkers and Rally's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkers_and_Rally%27s"},{"link_name":"Metromedia Restaurant Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metromedia_Restaurant_Group"},{"link_name":"TV series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_series"},{"link_name":"Bonanza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonanza"},{"link_name":"Ponderosa Ranch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponderosa_Ranch"}],"text":"A Ponderosa Steakhouse in West Branch, Michigan (now closed).Ponderosa Steakhouse and Bonanza Steakhouse are a chain of buffet/steakhouse restaurants that are a part of Homestyle Dining LLC based in Plano, Texas.[2] Its menu includes steaks, seafood, and chicken entrées, all of which come with their buffet. A lunch menu is also served.Unlike other chains with two names, such as Checkers and Rally's, which uses only one of the names in a given region, restaurants in a given region could be named either Bonanza or Ponderosa. This is because Bonanza and Ponderosa were separate companies, which were later merged under the Metromedia Restaurant Group.The names of the restaurants were derived from the TV series Bonanza, which was set at a place called Ponderosa Ranch.","title":"Ponderosa and Bonanza Steakhouses"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bonanza,_Marquette,_MI.jpg"},{"link_name":"Marquette, Michigan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquette,_Michigan"},{"link_name":"Dan Blocker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Blocker"},{"link_name":"Eric \"Hoss\" Cartwright","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoss_Cartwright"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Westport, Connecticut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westport,_Connecticut"},{"link_name":"Sam Wyly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Wyly"},{"link_name":"Charles Wyly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Wyly"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Kokomo, Indiana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokomo,_Indiana"},{"link_name":"Dayton, Ohio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-daybiz-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Red Lobster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Lobster_(restaurant)"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Metromedia Restaurant Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metromedia_Restaurant_Group"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-daybiz-6"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"John Kluge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kluge"},{"link_name":"Metromedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metromedia"},{"link_name":"Chapter 7 liquidation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_7,_Title_11,_United_States_Code"},{"link_name":"GE Capital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GE_Capital"},{"link_name":"Bennigan's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennigan%27s"},{"link_name":"Steak & Ale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steak_and_Ale"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Chapter 11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_11"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"FAT Brands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAT_Brands"},{"link_name":"Fatburger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatburger"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Maas-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hazle_bon-22"}],"text":"A Bonanza steakhouse in Marquette, Michigan, in 2011. This location has since closed.In 1963, Dan Blocker, who played Eric \"Hoss\" Cartwright on Bonanza,[3] started the Bonanza Steakhouse chain. The first Bonanza opened in Westport, Connecticut. Sam Wyly and his brother Charles Wyly bought the small Bonanza restaurant chain three years later. The company grew to approximately 600 restaurants by 1989,[4] when the Wylys sold it to Metromedia.[5]In 1965, Dan Lasater, Norm Wiese and Charles Kleptz founded Ponderosa in Kokomo, Indiana, moving the headquarters to Dayton, Ohio, in 1971.[6]Ponderosa began operating in Canada by 1971 and until 1986, when its focus moved to post-recession US, had nearly 150 locations across the country. After closing most Canadian Ponderosa restaurants,[7] the company returned to generating US restaurant franchises in 1986, reversing a previous freeze on new US franchises in the move to Canada. At that time, 36 Canadian Ponderosa locations were acquired by General Mills Restaurant Group which converted them to Red Lobster restaurants.[8] In the meantime, Bonanza maintained a presence in Canada.[9] The last Canadian location closed in November, 2010.[10]In February 1988, Ponderosa was sold to Metromedia Restaurant Group.[6] In September 1989, Metromedia acquired rival Bonanza, combining the two chains.[11] In 1997, Ponderosa and Bonanza united under the Metromedia Family Steakhouses (MFS) organization to be marketed under the Ponderosa or Bonanza brands. MFS was one of founder John Kluge's companies using the Metromedia name.After its S&A Restaurant Group division was forced into an involuntary Chapter 7 liquidation by its lender, GE Capital, in August 2008, and closed over 300 company-owned Bennigan's and Steak & Ale restaurants,[12] the chain's parent company, Metromedia Steakhouses Company, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2008, although it planned to reorganize around franchise operations and a profitable core of company-operated restaurants.[13][14] It emerged from bankruptcy in 2009 under the name \"Homestyle Dining LLC\".[15]The chain engaged Trinity Capital LLC as its financial advisor in 2016 and was sold in late 2017 to FAT Brands, the owner of Fatburger, Buffalo's Cafe and Hurricane Grill & Wings. FAT Brands has approximately 300 locations open, with another 300 under development in 32 countries.[16][17]In 1989, there were almost 700 Ponderosa locations. By 2003, there were fewer than 400 locations. As of June 2024, only 13 Ponderosa locations and 3 Bonanza locations currently remain open in the US.[18][19][20] [21][22]","title":"History"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maceo_Parker
Maceo Parker
["1 Biography","2 Book and media","3 Equipment","4 Discography","4.1 As bandleader","4.2 As sideman","5 Filmography","6 References","7 See also","8 External links"]
American saxophonist and composer (born 1943) Maceo ParkerParker in 1997Background informationBorn (1943-02-14) February 14, 1943 (age 81)Kinston, North Carolina, United StatesGenresFunk, P-Funk, soul music, R&B, soul jazzOccupation(s)Musician, band leaderInstrument(s)Saxophone, flute, piano, vocalsYears active1962–presentLabelsVerve, What Are Records?, Heads Up Minor MusicWebsiteMaceo.comMusical artist Maceo Parker (/ˈmeɪsioʊ/; born February 14, 1943) is an American funk and soul jazz saxophonist, best known for his work with James Brown in the 1960s, Parliament-Funkadelic in the 1970s and Prince in the 2000s. Parker was a prominent soloist on many of Brown's hit recordings, and a key part of his band, playing alto, tenor and baritone saxophones. Since the early 1990s, he has toured under his own name. Biography Parker was born in Kinston, North Carolina, United States. Parker's father played piano and drums in addition to singing in church with Parker's mother; his brother Melvin played drums and his brother Kellis played the trombone. Parker and his brother Melvin joined James Brown in 1964; in his autobiography, Brown claims that he originally wanted Melvin as his drummer, but agreed to additionally take Maceo under his wing as part of the deal. In March 1970, Parker, his brother Melvin, and a few of Brown's band members left to establish the band Maceo & All the King's Men, which toured for two years. In January 1973, Parker rejoined James Brown's group. He also charted a single "Parrty – Part I" (No. 71 pop singles) with Maceo & the Macks that year. In 1975, Parker and some of Brown's band members, including Fred Wesley, left to join George Clinton's band Parliament-Funkadelic. Parker once again re-joined James Brown from 1984 to 1988. In the 1990s, Parker began a solo career. His first album of this period Roots Revisited spent 10 weeks at the top of the Billboard Contemporary Jazz Charts. To date he has released 11 solo albums since 1990. Parker's 1992 live album, Life on Planet Groove, is considered to be his seminal live album, marking his first collaboration with Dutch saxophonist Candy Dulfer. In 1993, Parker made guest appearances on hip hop group De La Soul's album Buhloone Mindstate. In the late 1990s, Parker began contributing semi-regularly to recordings by Prince and accompanying his band, The New Power Generation, on tour. He also played on the Jane's Addiction track "My Cat's Name Is Maceo" for their 1997 compilation album Kettle Whistle. In 1998, Parker performed as a guest on "What Would You Say" on a Dave Matthews Band concert, which also became one of their live albums, Live in Chicago 12.19.98. Maceo Parker at the Liri Blues Festival, Italy, in 2009 In 2004, Parker toured as a part of Prince's band for the "Musicology Live 2004ever" tour and again in 2007 he performed as part of Prince's band for Prince's 21 nights at the O2 arena. Parker also played as part of Prince's band for his 21-night stay at LA's Forum in 2011. In 2008, Maceo Parker closed the Edmonton International Jazz Festival at Urban Lounge. Parker's album Roots & Grooves with the WDR Big Band is a tribute to Ray Charles, whom Parker cites as one of his most important influences. The album won a Jammie for best Jazz Album in 2009. Parker followed this up with another collaboration with WDR Big Band in 2012 with the album Soul Classics. In October 2011, Parker was inducted in the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame. In July 2012, Parker was the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award from Victoires Du Jazz in Paris. He continues touring, headlining many jazz festivals in Europe and doing as many as 290 concerts a year. In May 2016, Parker received The North Carolina Heritage Award from his home state. Book and media In February 2013, Maceo Parker published his autobiography, 98% Funky Stuff: My Life in Music with the publisher Chicago Review Press. Parker was portrayed by Craig Robinson in the 2014 James Brown biopic Get on Up. Equipment Maceo plays a gold-plated Selmer Mark VI alto saxophone and the mouthpiece he uses is a #3 Brilhart Ebolin. Maceo's reed of choice is the Vandoren Java, 3.5 gauge. Discography Main article: Maceo Parker discography As bandleader Year Credited As Album Label 1970 Maceo & All the King's Men Doing Their Own Thing House of the Fox / Charly Records 1972 Maceo & All the King's Men Funky Music Machine Excello 1974 Maceo Us People / P-Vine 1989 Maceo Parker For All the King's Men 4th & Broadway 1990 Maceo Parker Roots Revisited Verve / Minor Music 1991 Maceo Parker Mo' Roots Verve / Minor Music 1992 Maceo Parker Life on Planet Groove Verve / Minor Music 1993 Maceo Parker Southern Exposure Jive / Novus / Minor Music 1994 Maceo Parker Maceo (Soundtrack) Minor Music 1998 Maceo Parker Funk Overload What Are Records? / ESC 2000 Maceo Parker Dial: M-A-C-E-O What Are Records? / ESC 2003 Maceo Parker Made by Maceo What Are Records? / ESC 2004 Maceo Parker My First Name Is Maceo Minor Music 2005 Maceo Parker School's In! BHM Productions 2007 Maceo Parker Roots & Grooves Intuition / Heads Up 2012 Maceo Parker Soul Classics Listen2 Entertainment / Razor & Tie 2018 Maceo Parker Life On Planet Groove - Revisited Verve / Minor Music 2020 Maceo Parker Soul Food: Cooking With Maceo Mascot Label Group / The Funk Garage As sideman Year Artist Album Label 1964 James Brown Out of Sight PolyGram 1969 James Brown Say It Loud, I'm Black and I'm Proud Polydor / Umgd 1970 James Brown Sex Machine Polydor / Umgd 1972 James Brown Get on the Good Foot PolyGram 1972 Johnny Hammond The Prophet Kudu 1973 James Brown The Payback Polydor / Umgd 1974 James Brown Hell Polydor / Umgd 1975 James Brown Reality PolyGram 1976 Bootsy Collins Stretchin' Out in Bootsy's Rubber Band Warner Bros. 1976 Parliament The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein Island / Mercury 1975 Parliament Mothership Connection Island / Mercury 1977 Bootsy Collins Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby! Warner Bros. 1977 Parliament Live: P-Funk Earth Tour Island / Mercury 1977 Parliament Funkentelechy Vs. the Placebo Syndrome Island / Mercury 1977 Fred Wesley A Blow for Me, A Toot for You Atlantic 1978 Parliament Motor Booty Affair Island / Mercury 1978 Bernie Worrell All the Woo in the World Arista 1979 Bootsy Collins This Boot Is Made for Fonk-N Warner Bros. 1979 Parliament Gloryhallastoopid MCA 1980 Bootsy Collins Ultra Wave Warner Bros. 1980 Parliament Trombipulation PolyGram 1983 P-Funk All Stars Urban Dancefloor Guerillas Sony 1983 George Clinton You Shouldn't-Nuf Bit Fish Capitol 1985 George Clinton Some of My Best Jokes Are Friends Capitol 1985 Red Hot Chili Peppers Freaky Styley EMI 1986 James Brown Gravity Volcano 1986 James Brown James In the Jungle Groove Polydor / Umgd 1986 Ryuichi Sakamoto Futurista 1987 Mico Wave Cookin' from the Inside Out!!! Columbia 1987 Yvonne Jackson I'm Trouble Ichiban 1988 James Brown James Brown's Funky People, Pt. 2 Polydor / Umgd 1988 Bootsy Collins What's Bootsy Doin'? Sony 1988 Keith Richards Talk Is Cheap EMI 1989 Criminal Element Orchestra Locked Up Atlantic 1990 Various Artists Gramavision 10th Anniversary Sampler Gramavision 1990 Deee-Lite World Clique Elektra / Wea 1990 Living Colour Time's Up Sony 1990 P-Funk All Stars Live at the Beverly Theatre in Hollywood Westbound 1990 Fred Wesley New Friends PolyGram 1990 Rev. Billy C. Wirtz Backslider's Tractor Pull HighTone 1991 James Brown Messing with the Blues PolyGram 1991 Material The Third Power Axiom 1991 Bernie Worrell Funk of Ages Rhino 1991 Kenny Neal Walking on Fire Alligator 1991 Various Artists House Party 2 MCA 1992 Bachir Attar The Next Dream CMP 1992 10,000 Maniacs Our Time in Eden Elektra / Wea 1992 Deee-Lite Infinity Within Elektra / Wea 1993 Various Artists The Best Jazz Is Played with Verve PolyGram 1993 George Clinton "P" Is the Funk AEM 1993 Candy Dulfer Sax-A-Go-Go Sony 1993 Color Me Badd Time and Chance Warner Bros. 1993 Bernie Worrell Blacktronic Science Gramavision 1993 Bryan Ferry Taxi Warner Bros. 1993 Various Artists Manifestation: Axiom Collection II PolyGram 1993 James Brown Soul Pride: The Instrumentals (1960–1969) PolyGram 1993 De La Soul Buhloone Mindstate Rhino 1993 Hans Theessink Call Me Deluge 1993 Dave Koz Lucky Man Capitol 1993 George Clinton Plush Funk Aem 1993 Bernie Worrell Blacktronic Science Gramavision 1994 Bootsy Collins Blasters of the Universe Rykodisc 1994 Pedro Abrunhosa Viagens PolyGram 1994 Bryan Ferry Mamouna Virgin 1994 Nils Landgren Funk Unit Live in Stockholm Red Horn 1992 The JB Horns I Like It Like That Soulciety 1995 Parliament The Best of Parliament: Give Up the Funk PolyGram 1995 Fred Wesley Say Blow by Blow Backwards Aem 1995 Larry Goldings Whatever It Takes Warner Bros. 1995 Brooklyn Funk Essentials Cool And Steady And Easy Groovetown Records 1995 Various Artists Back to Basics, Vol. 2 Instinct 1996 James Brown Foundations Of Funk: A Brand New Bag Polydor / Umgd 1996 Various Artists Little Magic in a Noisy World Act 1996 Various Artists A Celebration of Blues: The New Breed Celeb. of Blues 1997 Various Artists Booming on Pluto: Electro for Droids Ambient 1997 Kenny Neal Deluxe Edition Alligator 1997 Phil Upchurch Whatever Happened to the Blues Go Jazz 1999 Ani DiFranco To The Teeth Righteous Babe Records 1999 Prince Rave Un2 The Joy Fantastic NPG 2001 Dave Matthews Band Live in Chicago 12.19.98 RCA 2001 Ani DiFranco Revelling/Reckoning Righteous Babe Records 2002 Prince and The New Power Generation One Nite Alone... Live! NPG 2002 Prince and The New Power Generation One Nite Alone... the aftershow: it ain't over! NPG 2003 Prince and The New Power Generation C-Note NPG 2004 Prince Musicology NPG / Columbia 2006 Prince 3121 NPG / Universal 2007 Prince Planet Earth NPG / Columbia 2007 Various Artists Goin' Home: A Tribute to Fats Domino Vanguard 2008 Prince Indigo Nights NPG 2009 Prince Lotusflower NPG Filmography Year Artist Album Label 2000 Prince Rave Un2 the Year 2000 NPG Music Club 2002 Maceo Parker Roots Revisited Arthaus Musik 2003 Prince Live at the Aladdin Las Vegas NPG Music Club 2004 Maceo Parker My First Name Is Maceo Minor Music References ^ a b c d e f g Colin Larkin, ed. (1992). The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music (First ed.). Guinness Publishing. p. 1561. ISBN 0-85112-939-0. ^ Parker, Maceo (2013). 98% Funky Stuff: My Life in Music. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-61374-346-1. ^ Thompson, Dave (2001). Funk. Backbeat Books. pp. 176-179. ISBN 0-87930-629-7. ^ Brown, James (1988). The Godfather of Soul (with Bruce Tucker), Fontana / Collins, p. 156. ISBN 0-00-637256-2. ^ Brown (1988). The Godfather of Soul, pp. 217-18. ^ Wesley, Fred Jr (2002), Hit Me, Fred. Duke University Press, p. 192. ISBN 0-8223-2909-3. ^ De La Sou Buhloone Mindstate Retirieved 6 May 2024 ^ Levesque, Roger (June 29, 2008). "Final Day at Jazz Fest". The Edmonton Journal. p. B5. ^ "Inductee – Maceo Parker". North Carolina Music Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 2012-07-18. Retrieved 2012-04-02. ^ "Maceo Parker talks '98% Funky Stuff: My Life in Music': Q&A". Ew.com. 2016-01-15. Retrieved 2016-01-15. ^ "Eight North Carolinians to Receive Prestigious Heritage Award". Ncarts.org. 2015-09-04. Archived from the original on 2016-01-14. Retrieved 2016-01-07. ^ Maceo Parker Chicago Review Press Retrieved 16 April 2022 ^ "Maceo Parker Frequently Asked Questions". Maceoparker.com. Archived from the original on 2019-11-24. Retrieved 2014-05-18. See also Nelson George Cliff White Alan Leeds External links Maceo Parker official website Maceo Parker at AllMusic Shake Everything You've Got on YouTube vteMaceo ParkerAlbums as leader Roots Revisited (1990) Mo' Roots (1991) Life on Planet Groove (1992) Southern Exposure (1993) Funk Overload (1998) Dial: M-A-C-E-O (2000) Made by Maceo (2003) Related articles Discography Melvin Parker (brother) The J.B.'s Parliament-Funkadelic vteParliament George Clinton Ray Davis Clarence "Fuzzy" Haskins Calvin Simon Grady Thomas Billy Bass Nelson Eddie Hazel Tawl Ross Tiki Fulwood Mickey Atkins Bernie Worrell Bootsy Collins Cordell Mosson Rodney "Skeet" Curtis Garry Shider Prakash John Tyrone Lampkin Glenn Goins Michael Hampton Debbie Wright Gary "Muddbone" Cooper Jerome Brailey Fred Wesley Maceo Parker Michael Brecker Randy Brecker Rick Gardner Reunald "Renny" Jones Jeanette Washington Dawn Silva Lynn Mabry Ron Ford Shirley Hayden Greg Thomas Larry Heckstall Walter "Junie" Morrison Robert "P-Nut" Johnson Studio albums Osmium (First Thangs/Rhenium) Up for the Down Stroke Chocolate City Mothership Connection The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein Funkentelechy Vs. the Placebo Syndrome Motor Booty Affair Gloryhallastoopid Trombipulation Medicaid Fraud Dogg Live albums Live: P-Funk Earth Tour Live 1976–1993 Compilations Parliament's Greatest Hits The Best Nonstop Mix Compilation Tear the Roof Off 1974–1980 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Parliament Gold The Casablanca Years: 1974–1980 Singles "Up For The Down Stroke" "Testify" "Chocolate City" "Do That Stuff" "Tear The Roof Off The Sucker (Give Up The Funk)" "Mothership Connection (Star Child)" "Do That Stuff" "Dr. Funkenstein" "Fantasy Is Reality" "Bop Gun (Endangered Species)" "Flash Light" "Funkentelechy" "Aqua Boogie (A Psychoalphadiscobetabioaquadoloop)" "Party People" Related Discography vteThe J.B.'s James Joseph Brown Fred Wesley Maceo Parker Jimmy Nolen Fred Thomas John "Jabo" Starks Clyde Stubblefield Bootsy Collins Catfish Collins Johnny Griggs Sweet Charles Sherrell Hearlon "Cheese" Martin St. Clair Pinckney Darryl "Hassan" Jamison Jerone "Jassan" Sanford Clayton "Chicken" Gunnells Robert "Chopper" McCollough Jimmy Parker Ike Oakley Russel Crimes Robert Coleman Bobby Roach John Morgan Hollie Farris Joe Poff Melvin Parker Tony Cook David Weston Keith Jenkins Jeff Watkins Arthur Dickson Ron Laster Robert "Mousey" Thompson Studio albums Doing It to Death (1973) Singles "The Grunt "Gimme Some More" "Pass the Peas" "Doing It to Death" Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Norway France BnF data Germany Israel United States Czech Republic Artists MusicBrainz People Deutsche Biographie Other IdRef
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"/ˈmeɪsioʊ/","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LarkinGE-1"},{"link_name":"funk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funk"},{"link_name":"soul jazz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_jazz"},{"link_name":"saxophonist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxophonist"},{"link_name":"James Brown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Brown"},{"link_name":"Parliament-Funkadelic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament-Funkadelic"},{"link_name":"Prince","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_(musician)"},{"link_name":"alto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alto_saxophone"},{"link_name":"tenor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenor_saxophone"},{"link_name":"baritone saxophones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baritone_saxophone"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Musical artistMaceo Parker (/ˈmeɪsioʊ/; born February 14, 1943)[1] is an American funk and soul jazz saxophonist, best known for his work with James Brown in the 1960s, Parliament-Funkadelic in the 1970s and Prince in the 2000s. Parker was a prominent soloist on many of Brown's hit recordings, and a key part of his band, playing alto, tenor and baritone saxophones. Since the early 1990s, he has toured under his own name.[2]","title":"Maceo Parker"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kinston, North Carolina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinston,_North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LarkinGE-1"},{"link_name":"piano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano"},{"link_name":"drums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_kit"},{"link_name":"Melvin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin_Parker"},{"link_name":"trombone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombone"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Thompson2001-3"},{"link_name":"James Brown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Brown"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LarkinGE-1"},{"link_name":"drummer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drummer"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Brown1988-1-4"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LarkinGE-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Brown1988-2-5"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LarkinGE-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LarkinGE-1"},{"link_name":"Fred Wesley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Wesley"},{"link_name":"George Clinton's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)"},{"link_name":"Parliament-Funkadelic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament-Funkadelic"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wesley2002-1-6"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LarkinGE-1"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"Candy Dulfer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candy_Dulfer"},{"link_name":"De La Soul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_La_Soul"},{"link_name":"Buhloone Mindstate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhloone_Mindstate"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Prince","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_(musician)"},{"link_name":"The New Power Generation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Power_Generation"},{"link_name":"Jane's Addiction","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%27s_Addiction"},{"link_name":"Kettle Whistle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettle_Whistle"},{"link_name":"What Would You Say","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Would_You_Say"},{"link_name":"Dave Matthews Band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Matthews_Band"},{"link_name":"Live in Chicago 12.19.98","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_in_Chicago_12.19.98"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maceo_Parker_Band_Liri_Blues_2009.jpg"},{"link_name":"Liri Blues Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liri_Blues_Festival"},{"link_name":"Musicology Live 2004ever","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musicology_Live_2004ever"},{"link_name":"the O2 arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_O2_arena_(London)"},{"link_name":"Edmonton International Jazz Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TD_Edmonton_International_Jazz_Festival"},{"link_name":"Urban Lounge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Lounge"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"WDR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk"},{"link_name":"Ray Charles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles"},{"link_name":"WDR Big Band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDR_Big_Band"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"text":"Parker was born in Kinston, North Carolina, United States.[1] Parker's father played piano and drums in addition to singing in church with Parker's mother; his brother Melvin played drums and his brother Kellis played the trombone.[3] Parker and his brother Melvin joined James Brown in 1964;[1] in his autobiography, Brown claims that he originally wanted Melvin as his drummer, but agreed to additionally take Maceo under his wing as part of the deal.[4] In March 1970, Parker, his brother Melvin, and a few of Brown's band members left to establish the band Maceo & All the King's Men,[1] which toured for two years.[5]In January 1973, Parker rejoined James Brown's group.[1] He also charted a single \"Parrty – Part I\" (No. 71 pop singles) with Maceo & the Macks that year.[1] In 1975, Parker and some of Brown's band members, including Fred Wesley, left to join George Clinton's band Parliament-Funkadelic.[6] Parker once again re-joined James Brown from 1984 to 1988.[1]In the 1990s, Parker began a solo career. His first album of this period Roots Revisited spent 10 weeks at the top of the Billboard Contemporary Jazz Charts. To date he has released 11 solo albums since 1990. Parker's 1992 live album, Life on Planet Groove, is considered to be his seminal live album, marking his first collaboration with Dutch saxophonist Candy Dulfer.In 1993, Parker made guest appearances on hip hop group De La Soul's album Buhloone Mindstate.[7] In the late 1990s, Parker began contributing semi-regularly to recordings by Prince and accompanying his band, The New Power Generation, on tour. He also played on the Jane's Addiction track \"My Cat's Name Is Maceo\" for their 1997 compilation album Kettle Whistle. In 1998, Parker performed as a guest on \"What Would You Say\" on a Dave Matthews Band concert, which also became one of their live albums, Live in Chicago 12.19.98.Maceo Parker at the Liri Blues Festival, Italy, in 2009In 2004, Parker toured as a part of Prince's band for the \"Musicology Live 2004ever\" tour and again in 2007 he performed as part of Prince's band for Prince's 21 nights at the O2 arena. Parker also played as part of Prince's band for his 21-night stay at LA's Forum in 2011.In 2008, Maceo Parker closed the Edmonton International Jazz Festival at Urban Lounge.[8]Parker's album Roots & Grooves with the WDR Big Band is a tribute to Ray Charles, whom Parker cites as one of his most important influences. The album won a Jammie for best Jazz Album in 2009. Parker followed this up with another collaboration with WDR Big Band in 2012 with the album Soul Classics.In October 2011, Parker was inducted in the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame.[9]In July 2012, Parker was the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award from Victoires Du Jazz in Paris. He continues touring, headlining many jazz festivals in Europe and doing as many as 290 concerts a year.[10]In May 2016, Parker received The North Carolina Heritage Award from his home state.[11]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chicago Review Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Review_Press"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Craig Robinson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Robinson_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Get on Up","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get_on_Up_(film)"}],"text":"In February 2013, Maceo Parker published his autobiography, 98% Funky Stuff: My Life in Music with the publisher Chicago Review Press.[12] Parker was portrayed by Craig Robinson in the 2014 James Brown biopic Get on Up.","title":"Book and media"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Selmer Mark VI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selmer_Mark_VI"},{"link_name":"Vandoren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandoren"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"text":"Maceo plays a gold-plated Selmer Mark VI alto saxophone and the mouthpiece he uses is a #3 Brilhart Ebolin. Maceo's reed of choice is the Vandoren Java, 3.5 gauge.[13]","title":"Equipment"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"As bandleader","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"As sideman","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Filmography"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursae_of_the_knee_joint
Knee bursae
["1 Frontal","2 Lateral","3 Medial","4 See also","5 Notes","6 References","7 External links"]
Knee bursaeSagittal section of right knee-joint, thus showing only frontal bursae.Anatomical terminology The knee bursae are the fluid-filled sacs and synovial pockets that surround and sometimes communicate with the knee joint cavity. The bursae are thin-walled, and filled with synovial fluid. They represent the weak point of the joint, but also provide enlargements to the joint space. They can be grouped into either communicating and non-communicating bursae or, after their location – frontal, lateral, or medial. Frontal X-ray of the knee of a 12-year-old male, with knee effusion extending into the suprapatellar bursa. In front, there are five bursae: the suprapatellar bursa or recess between the anterior surface of the lower part of the femur and the deep surface of the quadriceps femoris. It allows for movement of the quadriceps tendon over the distal end of the femur. In about 85% of individuals, this bursa communicates with the knee joint. A distension of this bursa is therefore generally an indication of knee effusion. the prepatellar bursa between the patella and the skin It allows movement of the skin over the underlying patella. the deep infrapatellar bursa between the upper part of the tibia and the patellar ligament. It allows for movement of the patellar ligament over the tibia. the subcutaneous (or superficial) infrapatellar bursa between the patellar ligament and skin. the pretibial bursa between the tibial tuberosity and the skin. It allows for movement of the skin over the tibial tuberosity. Lateral Laterally there are four bursae: the lateral gastrocnemius (subtendinous) bursa between the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and the joint capsule the fibular bursa between the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament and the tendon of the biceps femoris the fibulopopliteal bursa between the fibular collateral ligament and the tendon of the popliteus and the subpopliteal recess (or bursa) between the tendon of the popliteus and the lateral condyle of the femur Medial Medially, there are five bursae: the medial gastrocnemius (subtendinous) bursa between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the joint capsule the anserine bursa between the medial (tibial) collateral ligament and the pes anserinus – the conjoined tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles. the bursa semimembranosa between the medial collateral ligament and the tendon of the semimembranosus there is one between the tendon of the semimembranosus and the head of the tibia and occasionally there is a bursa between the tendons of the semimembranosus and semitendinosus See also Lateral meniscus Medial meniscus Notes ^ Platzer (2004), p 26 ^ a b c d e f g h i Burgener (2002), p 390 ^ Daniel J Bell and Brian Gilcrease-Garcia. "Suprapatellar bursa". Radiopaedia. ^ a b Cipriano (2002), p 358. (A brief description of the "clinically important bursae in the anterior aspect of the knee") ^ a b Gray's Anatomy (1918) References Burgener, Francis A.; Meyers, Steven P.; Tan, Raymond K. (2002). Differential Diagnosis in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Thieme. ISBN 1-58890-085-1. Cipriano, Joseph J. (2002). Photographic Manual of Regional Orthopaedic and Neurological Tests. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-3552-1. "Gray's Anatomy (1918): The Knee-joint". Retrieved 26 April 2017. Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1. External links Image at nlm.nih.gov vteSynovial bursa and tendon sheathsSynovial bursaArm Subacromial bursa Olecranon bursa Leg Hip Trochanteric bursa Bursae of the knee joint Prepatellar bursa Tendon sheathsArm Vincula tendina Synovial sheath Common flexor sheath of hand Mucous sheaths on back of wrist Leg Mucous sheaths of the tendons around the ankle
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They represent the weak point of the joint, but also provide enlargements to the joint space.[1] They can be grouped into either communicating and non-communicating bursae or, after their location – frontal, lateral, or medial.","title":"Knee bursae"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Knee_effusion,_annotated.jpg"},{"link_name":"knee effusion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_effusion"},{"link_name":"femur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femur"},{"link_name":"quadriceps femoris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriceps_femoris_muscle"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burgener-390-2"},{"link_name":"knee joint","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_joint"},{"link_name":"knee effusion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_effusion"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"prepatellar bursa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepatellar_bursa"},{"link_name":"patella","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patella"},{"link_name":"skin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burgener-390-2"},{"link_name":"tibia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibia"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burgener-390-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cipriano-358-4"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burgener-390-2"},{"link_name":"tibial tuberosity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberosity_of_the_tibia"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burgener-390-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cipriano-358-4"}],"text":"X-ray of the knee of a 12-year-old male, with knee effusion extending into the suprapatellar bursa.In front, there are five bursae:the suprapatellar bursa or recess between the anterior surface of the lower part of the femur and the deep surface of the quadriceps femoris.[2] It allows for movement of the quadriceps tendon over the distal end of the femur. In about 85% of individuals, this bursa communicates with the knee joint. A distension of this bursa is therefore generally an indication of knee effusion.[3]\nthe prepatellar bursa between the patella and the skin[2] It allows movement of the skin over the underlying patella.\nthe deep infrapatellar bursa between the upper part of the tibia and the patellar ligament.[2] It allows for movement of the patellar ligament over the tibia.[4]\nthe subcutaneous (or superficial) infrapatellar bursa between the patellar ligament and skin.[2]\nthe pretibial bursa between the tibial tuberosity and the skin.[2] It allows for movement of the skin over the tibial tuberosity.[4]","title":"Frontal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burgener-390-2"},{"link_name":"gastrocnemius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrocnemius_muscle"},{"link_name":"joint capsule","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articular_capsule_of_the_knee_joint"},{"link_name":"lateral (fibular) collateral ligament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibular_collateral_ligament"},{"link_name":"biceps femoris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biceps_femoris_muscle"},{"link_name":"popliteus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popliteus_muscle"},{"link_name":"lateral condyle of the femur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_condyle_of_the_femur"}],"text":"Laterally there are four bursae:[2]the lateral gastrocnemius (subtendinous) bursa between the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and the joint capsule\nthe fibular bursa between the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament and the tendon of the biceps femoris\nthe fibulopopliteal bursa between the fibular collateral ligament and the tendon of the popliteus\nand the subpopliteal recess (or bursa) between the tendon of the popliteus and the lateral condyle of the femur","title":"Lateral"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"gastrocnemius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrocnemius_muscle"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burgener-390-2"},{"link_name":"medial (tibial) collateral ligament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_collateral_ligament"},{"link_name":"pes anserinus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pes_anserinus_(leg)"},{"link_name":"sartorius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sartorius_muscle"},{"link_name":"gracilis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracilis_muscle"},{"link_name":"semitendinosus muscles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitendinosus_muscle"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burgener-390-2"},{"link_name":"semimembranosus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semimembranosus_muscle"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burgener-390-2"},{"link_name":"head of the tibia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_the_tibia"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Grays1918-5"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Grays1918-5"}],"text":"Medially, there are five bursae:the medial gastrocnemius (subtendinous) bursa between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the joint capsule[2]\nthe anserine bursa between the medial (tibial) collateral ligament and the pes anserinus – the conjoined tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles.[2]\nthe bursa semimembranosa between the medial collateral ligament and the tendon of the semimembranosus[2]\nthere is one between the tendon of the semimembranosus and the head of the tibia[5]\nand occasionally there is a bursa between the tendons of the semimembranosus and semitendinosus[5]","title":"Medial"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Burgener-390_2-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Burgener-390_2-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Burgener-390_2-2"},{"link_name":"d","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Burgener-390_2-3"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Burgener-390_2-4"},{"link_name":"f","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Burgener-390_2-5"},{"link_name":"g","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Burgener-390_2-6"},{"link_name":"h","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Burgener-390_2-7"},{"link_name":"i","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Burgener-390_2-8"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"\"Suprapatellar bursa\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//radiopaedia.org/articles/suprapatellar-bursa"},{"link_name":"Radiopaedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiopaedia"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Cipriano-358_4-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Cipriano-358_4-1"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Grays1918_5-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Grays1918_5-1"}],"text":"^ Platzer (2004), p 26\n\n^ a b c d e f g h i Burgener (2002), p 390\n\n^ Daniel J Bell and Brian Gilcrease-Garcia. \"Suprapatellar bursa\". Radiopaedia.\n\n^ a b Cipriano (2002), p 358. (A brief description of the \"clinically important bursae in the anterior aspect of the knee\")\n\n^ a b Gray's Anatomy (1918)","title":"Notes"}]
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[{"title":"Lateral meniscus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_meniscus"},{"title":"Medial meniscus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_meniscus"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Piazza
Alberto Piazza
["1 Biography","2 Works","3 References","4 External links"]
Italian human geneticist (1941–2024) For the 16th-century Italian painter, see Albertino Piazza. Alberto Piazza (18 October 1941 – 18 May 2024) was an Italian human geneticist who was Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Turin. Biography Born into a Jewish family in Turin, professor of Medical statistics at the University of Turin, professor of Genetics at the University of Naples, and professor of Human Genetics at the University of Turin. A disciple of Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, in 2001 he published a monumental study concluding that the human races do not exist and that all humans belong to a unique species. Piazza died on 18 May 2024, at the age of 82. Works (with Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza and Paolo Menozzi) The history and geography of human genes, Princeton University Press, 1994. References ^ a b "Alberto PIAZZA" (in Italian). Turin: Accademia delle Scienze. 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2018. ^ Bolino, Francesca (February 23, 2019). "Alberto Piazza "Quella volta a Evian dove abbiamo capito che la razza non esiste"". La Repubblica (in Italian). Rome: GEDI Gruppo Editoriale. Retrieved September 15, 2019. «Sono nato a Torino nel 1941 e appartengo a una famiglia ebraica.» ^ Gianluca Sartori (May 20, 2024). "Muore a Torino Alberto Piazza, il genetista che demolì il concetto di «razza». Fu lui ad affermare che «il Dna italiano non esiste»". Turin: Il Corriere della Sera. ^ "Morto il genetista Alberto Piazza, professore dell'Università di Torino: demolì il concetto di "razza"". notizie.virgilio.it (in Italian). 2024-05-21. Retrieved 2024-05-22. External links Human Genetics Foundation webpage Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Norway France BnF data Catalonia Germany Italy Israel Belgium United States Czech Republic Australia Netherlands Academics ORCID Scopus Other IdRef This article about a geneticist or evolutionary biologist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptis_Parva
Leptis Parva
["1 Name","2 Geography","3 History","3.1 Phoenician colony","3.2 Carthaginian town","3.3 Roman city","4 Religion","5 See also","6 References","6.1 Citations","6.2 Bibliography","7 External links"]
Coordinates: 35°40′40″N 10°52′00″E / 35.67778°N 10.86667°E / 35.67778; 10.86667LeptisShown within TunisiaAlternative nameLeptis Minor, Leptis Parva, LeptiminusLocationTunisiaRegionMonastir GovernorateCoordinates35°40′40″N 10°52′00″E / 35.67778°N 10.86667°E / 35.67778; 10.86667 Leptis or Lepcis Parva was a Phoenician colony and Carthaginian and Roman port on Africa's Mediterranean coast, corresponding to the modern town Lemta, just south of Monastir, Tunisia. In antiquity, it was one of the wealthiest cities in the region. Name The Punic name of the settlement was written LPQ (Punic: 𐤋𐤐𐤒) or LPQY (𐤋𐤐𐤒𐤉), signifying either a new "construction" or a "naval station". Phoenician colonies often duplicated their names, as with the two "New Towns" distinguished in English as Carthage and Cartagena. This name was hellenized Léptis (Greek: Λέπτις). Under the Romans, the Punic name was Latinized as Lepcis or Leptis. It was known variously as Leptis Parva, Leptis Minor, or Leptiminus, all meaning "Lesser Leptis" to distinguish it from the "Greater Leptis" in what is now Libya. Geography Leptis was located on the Gulf of Hammamet, the classical Gulf of Neapolis (Latin: Sinus Neapolitanus), between Hadrumetum and Thapsus. It was located in the fertile coastal district of Emporia, in the region of Byzacium, the later Roman province of Byzacena. History Phoenician colony Leptis was established as a Tyrian colony, probably originally as a waypost on the trade route between Phoenicia and the Strait of Gibraltar. It appears in the periplus of Pseudo-Scylax, written in the middle or latter part of the fourth century BC, as one of the cities in the country of the legendary lotus-eaters. Carthaginian town Like other Phoenician colonies, Leptis came to pay tribute to Carthage. After the First Punic War, Leptis was at the center of the Mercenary War, a revolt of the Carthaginian mercenaries led by Mathos. This was suppressed with difficulty through the coöperation of Hamilcar Barca and Hanno the Great in 238 BC. Leptis recovered from the damage and, at the time of the Second Punic War, was one of the wealthiest cities of Emporia. Its tribute to Carthage was equivalent to one Attic talent (26 kg or 57 lb of fairly pure silver) per day. It was at Leptis that Hannibal's army disembarked on their return to Africa in 203 BC. In the following year, Leptis was one of few cities under Roman control in north Africa, the rest of Africa still remaining under the control of the Carthaginian general Hasdrubal. Following the conclusion of the war in 201 BC, Emporia was overrun by Masinissa, who claimed the district by ancient right. The Carthaginians appealed to Rome for adjudication of the matter, as they were obliged to do by the treaty ending the war. The Roman Senate appointed a commission to look into the matter, including Scipio Africanus, the general credited with Carthage's recent defeat. Although Scipio was uniquely positioned to resolve the dispute, the commission left the rightful possession of Emporia undecided and Masinissa was able to organize much of the territory into the kingdom of Numidia. Leptis itself, however, remained unconquered. Roman city The region around Leptis came under direct Roman rule following the Third Punic War in 146 BC. In Roman times, Leptis was a free city (Latin: civitas libera) with its own autonomous government. Local coins were minted with Greek legends (viz. ΛΕΠΤΙϹ); later coins with Latin inscriptions may show its elevation to colony (colonia) status or may have originated in Leptis Magna. The possession of Leptis became an important matter during Caesar's Civil War. In 49 BC, Juba I of Numidia was at war with the Leptitani when the war was first carried over into Africa. Juba had long been an ally of Pompey and opposed to Caesar. Caesar's lieutenant Gaius Scribonius Curio deemed it safe to attack Utica, as Juba had left his own lieutenant Sabura in charge of the surrounding countryside. Curio routed a Numidian force with a night-time cavalry raid, but rashly engaged Sabura's main force and was annihilated at the Bagradas as Juba approached from Leptis with reinforcements. At the beginning of January 46 BC, Caesar arrived at Leptis and received a deputation from the city offering its submission. Caesar placed guards on the city gates to prevent his soldiers from entering the city or harassing its people and sent his cavalry back to their ships to protect the countryside, although the latter were ambushed by a Numidian force. Shortly afterward, Caesar moved his camp to Ruspina, leaving six cohorts at Leptis under the command of Gaius Hostilius Saserna. During the winter and spring of 46, Leptis was one of Caesar's primary bases and a source of provisions. A cavalry troop sent to Leptis for provisions intercepted a force of Numidian and Gaetulian soldiers, whom they took prisoner after a brief skirmish. Part of Caesar's fleet was anchored off Leptis, where they were taken unawares by Publius Attius Varus, one of Pompey's admirals, who burned Caesar's transports and captured two undefended quinqueremes. Learning of the attack, Caesar rode to Leptis and went in pursuit of Varus with his remaining ships, recapturing one of the quinqueremes along with a trireme. At Hadrumetum, he burned a number of Pompey's transports and captured or put to flight a number of galleys. Leptis continued to flourish under the empire before Byzacena was ceded to the Vandals in AD 442. The city was retaken by the Byzantine general Belisarius in 533, during the Vandalic War. It then formed part of the Praetorian Prefecture of Africa and later part of the Exarchate of Africa. The city was largely destroyed during the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the latter part of the seventh century, although a ribat was built there, probably on the ruins of an earlier Byzantine fortress. The city itself was abandoned and never resettled. Religion From the third century until its destruction, Leptis was represented by bishops in various councils of the Roman Catholic Church, including the Councils of Carthage in 256, 411, 484, and 641. The diocese was also involved in the great conflict of African Christianity as Catholic and Donatist bishops for the town appear on the lists of participants in these councils. Among the noted bishops was Laetus, described as a "zealous and very learned man", numbered among those bishops killed by the Vandal king Huneric, after the council of 484. See also Leptis Magna References Citations ^ a b c d e Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, vol. II, pp. 161, 162 ("Leptis"). ^ Ghaki (2015), p. 67. ^ a b Edward Lipiński, Itineraria Phoenicia (2004), p. 345. ^ Brogan, Wilson, "Lepcis" in: The Oxford Classical Dictionary (4th ed. 2012), p. 821. ^ a b Head & al. (1911). ^ a b Pliny the Elder, v. 4. s. 3. ^ Pomponius Mela, i. 7. § 2. ^ Pseudo-Scylax, Periplus, 110. ^ Sallust, Bellum Jugurthinum, 19. ^ Polybius, i. 87. ^ a b Livy, xxxiv. 62. ^ Livy, xxx. 25. ^ Appian, Bella Punica, xiii. 94. ^ Caesar, De Bello Civili, ii. 37–44. ^ Hirtius, De Bello Africo, 6, 7, 9, 10. ^ Hirtius, De Bello Africo, 61–64. ^ Butler & Burns, Butler's Lives of the Saints: September, p. 41. Bibliography Pseudo-Scylax, Periplus. Polybius, Historiae (The Histories). Gaius Sallustius Crispus (Sallust), Bellum Jugurthinum (The Jugurthine War). Gaius Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Civili (Commentaries on the Civil War). Aulus Hirtius (attributed), De Bello Africo (On the African War). Titus Livius (Livy), History of Rome. Pomponius Mela, De Situ Orbis (On the Places of the World). Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Elder), Historia Naturalis (Natural History). Appianus Alexandrinus (Appian), Bella Punica (The Punic Wars). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1854). Alban Butler & Paul Burns, Butler's Lives of the Saints: September, A&C Black, (1995). Ghaki, Mansour (2015), "Toponymie et Onomastique Libyques: L'Apport de l'Écriture Punique/Néopunique" (PDF), La Lingua nella Vita e la Vita della Lingua: Itinerari e Percorsi degli Studi Berberi, Studi Africanistici: Quaderni di Studi Berberi e Libico-Berberi, vol. 4, Naples: Unior, pp. 65–71, ISBN 978-88-6719-125-3, ISSN 2283-5636, archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-04-28, retrieved 2018-11-02. (in French) Head, Barclay; et al. (1911), "Byzacene", Historia Numorum (2nd ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 876. External links Babelon, E.C.F. (1911). "Leptis § Leptis Parva" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). p. 482. vte Phoenician cities and coloniesAlgeria Camarata Cartennae (Tenes) Hippo Regius Icosium (Algiers) Igilgili (Jijel) Iol (Cherchell) Iomnium (Tigzirt) Cirta (Constantine) Kissi (Djinet) Macomades Malaca Rachgoun Rusazus (Azeffoun) Rusguniae (Tamentfoust) Rusicade (Skikda) Rusippisir (Taksebt) Rusubbicari (Zemmouri El Bahri) Rusuccuru (Dellys) Sarai (Aïn Oulmene) Thagora (Taoura) Tipasa in Mauretania Tipasa in Numidia Timici Cyprus Dhali Kition (Larnaca) Lapathus Marion Greece Callista (Santorini) Paxi Rhodes Delos Israel Achzib Akka (Acre) Dora Michal Jaffa Reshef Shikmona (Haifa) Strato's Tower (Caesarea) Italy Bitan (Chia) Cape Melqart (Cefalù) Drepanum (Trapani) Eryx (Erice) Heraclea Minoa Kapara (Soluntum) Karaly (Cagliari) Lilybaeum Motya Neapolis Nora Olbia Pantelleria Selinunte Sulci (Sant'Antioco) Tharros Ṣiṣ (Palermo) Lebanon Amia Ampi Arqa Athar (Tripoli) Baalbek Birut (Beirut) Botrys (Teros) Gebal (Byblos) Ornithon (Tell el-Burak) Porphyreon (Jieh) Sarepta Sidon Sur (Tyre), Ushu (Palaetyrus) Umm al-Amad Libya Lepcis (Khoms) Oyat (Tripoli) Tsabratan Malta Maleth (Cospicua) Ann (Mdina) Gaulos (Gozo) Għajn Qajjet Mtarfa Ras il-Wardija Tas-Silġ Morocco Azama (Azemmour) Arambys (Mogador) Caricus Murus Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir) Likush (Larache) Shalat (Chellah) Tamusida Tinga (Tangier) Anfa (Casablanca) Volubilis 1 Mogador Rusadir Oualidia Zilil Gadir Sala Thymiaterium Rusibis Portugal Portus Hannibalis Portus Magonis (Portimão) Olissipona (Lisbon) Ossonoba (Faro) Balsa (Tavira) Spain Abdera (Adra) Abyla (Ceuta) Akra Leuka (Alicante) Gadir (Cadiz) Herna Iboshim (Ibiza) Mahón Malake (Málaga) Onoba Carthage (Cartagena) Rushadir (Melilla) Saguntum Sexi (Almunecar) Tagilit (Tíjola) Toscanos (Velez) Tyreche Syria Arwad Marat (Amrit) Balanaea (Baniyas) Carne Paltus Safita Shuksi Sumur Ugarit Tunisia Aspis (Kelibia) Bulla Regia Carthage Hadrumetum (Sousse) Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte) Kerkouane Lepcis (Monastir) Maqom Hadesh (Ounga) Meninx (Djerba) Ruspe Ruspina Sicca (El Kef) Tabarka Tayinat (Thyna) Thapsus Thysdrus (El Djem) Utica Other Myriandus Phoenicus Gibraltar Tahpanhes vteRomano-Berber cities in Roman North AfricaSorted by contemporary national bordersMorocco Anfa Cotta Exilissa Iulia Constantia Zilil Iulia Valentia Banasa Iulia Campestris Babba Lixus 2 Mogador Oppidum Novum (Tingitana) Sala 1 Tamuda 1 Thamusida Tingis Volubilis 1 Algeria Aquae Calidae Albulae Altava Auzia Calama Caesarea Cartennas Castellum Dimmidi Castellum Tingitanum Castra Nova Cirta Civitas Popthensis Collo Cohors Breucorum Cuicul 1 Diana Veteranorum Gemellae Gunugus Hippo Regius Icosium 1 Igilgili Iomnium Lamasba Lambaesis Madauros Mascula Mesarfelta Milevum Oppidum Novum (Caesariensis) Parthenia Pomaria Portus Divinus Portus Magnus Quiza Xenitana Rapidum Rusguniae Rusucurru Saldae Setifis Siga Thagaste Thamugadi 1 Theveste Thibilis Thubursicum Tiddis Tingartia Tipasa 1 Tubusuctu Tubunae Unica Colonia Uzinaza Vescera Zaraï Zuccabar Tunisia Althiburos Bulla Regia Capsa Carthago 1 Cillium Dougga 1 Gightis Hadrumetum 1 Hippo Diarrhytus Kelibia Leptis Parva Mactaris Pheradi Majus Pupput Rucuma Ruspae Scillium Sicca Simitthus Sufetula Tacapae Taparura Sufes Thabraca Thanae Thapsus Thuburbo Majus Thuburnica Thysdrus Turris Tamalleni Utica Uthina Vaga Zama Regia Egypt Siwa Qara Farafra Spain Septem Rusadir Kingdomsand provinces Mauretania Mauretania Tingitana Mauretania Caesariensis Numidia Roman Africa Creta et Cyrenaica Roman Egypt Diocese of Africa Zeugitana Byzacena Vandal Kingdom Praetorian prefecture of Africa Exarchate of Africa Related articles North Africa during classical antiquity African Romance Limes Tripolitanus Christianity in the Roman Africa province Early African Church Church of Carthage Roman colonies in Berber Africa 1 UNESCO World Heritage Sites 2 Proposed
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In antiquity, it was one of the wealthiest cities in the region.[1]","title":"Leptis Parva"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Punic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punic_language"},{"link_name":"Punic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punic_language"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGhaki201567-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lipinski-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-OCD-4"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lipinski-3"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DGRG_Leptis-1"},{"link_name":"Phoenician colonies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician_colonies"},{"link_name":"Carthage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthage"},{"link_name":"Cartagena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain"},{"link_name":"hellenized","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenization"},{"link_name":"Greek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911-5"},{"link_name":"Latinized","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinization_of_names"},{"link_name":"Greater Leptis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptis_Magna"},{"link_name":"Libya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DGRG_Leptis-1"}],"text":"The Punic name of the settlement was written LPQ (Punic: 𐤋𐤐𐤒) or LPQY (𐤋𐤐𐤒𐤉),[2][3][4] signifying either a new \"construction\"[3] or a \"naval station\".[1] Phoenician colonies often duplicated their names, as with the two \"New Towns\" distinguished in English as Carthage and Cartagena. This name was hellenized Léptis (Greek: Λέπτις).[5] Under the Romans, the Punic name was Latinized as Lepcis or Leptis. It was known variously as Leptis Parva, Leptis Minor, or Leptiminus, all meaning \"Lesser Leptis\" to distinguish it from the \"Greater Leptis\" in what is now Libya.[1]","title":"Name"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Gulf of Hammamet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Hammamet"},{"link_name":"Latin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_language"},{"link_name":"Hadrumetum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrumetum"},{"link_name":"Thapsus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thapsus"},{"link_name":"Emporia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emporia_(Roman_district)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Byzacium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzacium"},{"link_name":"Byzacena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzacena"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pliny_v_4-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"Leptis was located on the Gulf of Hammamet, the classical Gulf of Neapolis (Latin: Sinus Neapolitanus), between Hadrumetum and Thapsus. It was located in the fertile coastal district of Emporia, in the region of Byzacium, the later Roman province of Byzacena.[6][7]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tyrian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon"},{"link_name":"colony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician_colonies"},{"link_name":"Phoenicia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicia"},{"link_name":"Strait of Gibraltar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar"},{"link_name":"periplus of Pseudo-Scylax","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periplus_of_Pseudo-Scylax"},{"link_name":"lotus-eaters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus-eaters"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"sub_title":"Phoenician colony","text":"Leptis was established as a Tyrian colony, probably originally as a waypost on the trade route between Phoenicia and the Strait of Gibraltar. It appears in the periplus of Pseudo-Scylax, written in the middle or latter part of the fourth century BC, as one of the cities in the country of the legendary lotus-eaters.[8]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Carthage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Carthage"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DGRG_Leptis-1"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"First Punic War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Punic_War"},{"link_name":"Mercenary War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercenary_War"},{"link_name":"Mathos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathos"},{"link_name":"Hamilcar Barca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilcar_Barca"},{"link_name":"Hanno the Great","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanno_the_Great"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Punic_War"},{"link_name":"Attic talent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attic_talent"},{"link_name":"silver","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Livy_xxxiv_62-11"},{"link_name":"Hannibal's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Hasdrubal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_Gisco"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Masinissa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masinissa"},{"link_name":"Roman Senate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senate"},{"link_name":"Scipio Africanus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scipio_Africanus"},{"link_name":"Numidia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numidia"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Livy_xxxiv_62-11"}],"sub_title":"Carthaginian town","text":"Like other Phoenician colonies, Leptis came to pay tribute to Carthage.[1][9] After the First Punic War, Leptis was at the center of the Mercenary War, a revolt of the Carthaginian mercenaries led by Mathos. This was suppressed with difficulty through the coöperation of Hamilcar Barca and Hanno the Great in 238 BC.[10]Leptis recovered from the damage and, at the time of the Second Punic War, was one of the wealthiest cities of Emporia. Its tribute to Carthage was equivalent to one Attic talent (26 kg or 57 lb of fairly pure silver) per day.[11] It was at Leptis that Hannibal's army disembarked on their return to Africa in 203 BC.[12] In the following year, Leptis was one of few cities under Roman control in north Africa, the rest of Africa still remaining under the control of the Carthaginian general Hasdrubal.[13]Following the conclusion of the war in 201 BC, Emporia was overrun by Masinissa, who claimed the district by ancient right. The Carthaginians appealed to Rome for adjudication of the matter, as they were obliged to do by the treaty ending the war. The Roman Senate appointed a commission to look into the matter, including Scipio Africanus, the general credited with Carthage's recent defeat. Although Scipio was uniquely positioned to resolve the dispute, the commission left the rightful possession of Emporia undecided and Masinissa was able to organize much of the territory into the kingdom of Numidia. Leptis itself, however, remained unconquered.[11]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Roman rule","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic"},{"link_name":"Third Punic War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Punic_War"},{"link_name":"free city","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_city_(classical_antiquity)"},{"link_name":"Latin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_language"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pliny_v_4-6"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911-5"},{"link_name":"colony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_(Roman)"},{"link_name":"Leptis Magna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptis_Magna"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DGRG_Leptis-1"},{"link_name":"Caesar's Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar%27s_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"Juba I of Numidia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juba_I_of_Numidia"},{"link_name":"Pompey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompey"},{"link_name":"Caesar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar"},{"link_name":"Gaius Scribonius Curio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Scribonius_Curio_(praetor_49_BC)"},{"link_name":"Utica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utica,_Tunisia"},{"link_name":"routed a Numidian force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Utica_(49_BC)"},{"link_name":"Bagradas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bagradas_(49_BC)"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Ruspina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruspina"},{"link_name":"cohorts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_cohort"},{"link_name":"Gaius Hostilius Saserna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Hostilius_Saserna&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Publius Attius Varus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publius_Attius_Varus"},{"link_name":"quinqueremes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinquereme"},{"link_name":"trireme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trireme"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire"},{"link_name":"Vandals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandal_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Byzantine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire"},{"link_name":"Belisarius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belisarius"},{"link_name":"Vandalic War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandalic_War"},{"link_name":"Praetorian Prefecture of Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Africa"},{"link_name":"Exarchate of Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exarchate_of_Africa"},{"link_name":"Muslim conquest of the Maghreb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb"},{"link_name":"ribat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribat"}],"sub_title":"Roman city","text":"The region around Leptis came under direct Roman rule following the Third Punic War in 146 BC. In Roman times, Leptis was a free city (Latin: civitas libera) with its own autonomous government.[6] Local coins were minted with Greek legends (viz. ΛΕΠΤΙϹ);[5] later coins with Latin inscriptions may show its elevation to colony (colonia) status or may have originated in Leptis Magna.[1]The possession of Leptis became an important matter during Caesar's Civil War. In 49 BC, Juba I of Numidia was at war with the Leptitani when the war was first carried over into Africa. Juba had long been an ally of Pompey and opposed to Caesar. Caesar's lieutenant Gaius Scribonius Curio deemed it safe to attack Utica, as Juba had left his own lieutenant Sabura in charge of the surrounding countryside. Curio routed a Numidian force with a night-time cavalry raid, but rashly engaged Sabura's main force and was annihilated at the Bagradas as Juba approached from Leptis with reinforcements.[14]At the beginning of January 46 BC, Caesar arrived at Leptis and received a deputation from the city offering its submission. Caesar placed guards on the city gates to prevent his soldiers from entering the city or harassing its people and sent his cavalry back to their ships to protect the countryside, although the latter were ambushed by a Numidian force. Shortly afterward, Caesar moved his camp to Ruspina, leaving six cohorts at Leptis under the command of Gaius Hostilius Saserna.[15]During the winter and spring of 46, Leptis was one of Caesar's primary bases and a source of provisions. A cavalry troop sent to Leptis for provisions intercepted a force of Numidian and Gaetulian soldiers, whom they took prisoner after a brief skirmish. Part of Caesar's fleet was anchored off Leptis, where they were taken unawares by Publius Attius Varus, one of Pompey's admirals, who burned Caesar's transports and captured two undefended quinqueremes. Learning of the attack, Caesar rode to Leptis and went in pursuit of Varus with his remaining ships, recapturing one of the quinqueremes along with a trireme. At Hadrumetum, he burned a number of Pompey's transports and captured or put to flight a number of galleys.[16]Leptis continued to flourish under the empire before Byzacena was ceded to the Vandals in AD 442. The city was retaken by the Byzantine general Belisarius in 533, during the Vandalic War. It then formed part of the Praetorian Prefecture of Africa and later part of the Exarchate of Africa. The city was largely destroyed during the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the latter part of the seventh century, although a ribat was built there, probably on the ruins of an earlier Byzantine fortress. The city itself was abandoned and never resettled.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"256","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Carthage_(256)"},{"link_name":"411","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Carthage_(411)"},{"link_name":"484","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Carthage_(484)"},{"link_name":"641","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Carthage_(641)"},{"link_name":"diocese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese"},{"link_name":"Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic"},{"link_name":"Donatist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donatist"},{"link_name":"Huneric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huneric"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"text":"From the third century until its destruction, Leptis was represented by bishops in various councils of the Roman Catholic Church, including the Councils of Carthage in 256, 411, 484, and 641. The diocese was also involved in the great conflict of African Christianity as Catholic and Donatist bishops for the town appear on the lists of participants in these councils. Among the noted bishops was Laetus, described as a \"zealous and very learned man\", numbered among those bishops killed by the Vandal king Huneric, after the council of 484.[17]","title":"Religion"}]
[]
[{"title":"Leptis Magna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptis_Magna"}]
[{"reference":"Ghaki, Mansour (2015), \"Toponymie et Onomastique Libyques: L'Apport de l'Écriture Punique/Néopunique\" (PDF), La Lingua nella Vita e la Vita della Lingua: Itinerari e Percorsi degli Studi Berberi, Studi Africanistici: Quaderni di Studi Berberi e Libico-Berberi, vol. 4, Naples: Unior, pp. 65–71, ISBN 978-88-6719-125-3, ISSN 2283-5636, archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-04-28, retrieved 2018-11-02","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200428044658/https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/50105050/Toponymie_et_onomastique_Lapport_de_lecriture_punique_neopunique.pdf","url_text":"\"Toponymie et Onomastique Libyques: L'Apport de l'Écriture Punique/Néopunique\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-6719-125-3","url_text":"978-88-6719-125-3"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2283-5636","url_text":"2283-5636"},{"url":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/50105050/Toponymie_et_onomastique_Lapport_de_lecriture_punique_neopunique.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Head, Barclay; et al. (1911), \"Byzacene\", Historia Numorum (2nd ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 876","urls":[{"url":"http://snible.org/coins/hn/byzacene.html","url_text":"\"Byzacene\""},{"url":"http://snible.org/coins/hn/index.html","url_text":"Historia Numorum"}]},{"reference":"Babelon, E.C.F. (1911). \"Leptis § Leptis Parva\" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). p. 482.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Leptis#Leptis_Parva","url_text":"\"Leptis § Leptis Parva\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition","url_text":"Encyclopædia Britannica"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_painting
Figure painting
["1 Clothed figures","1.1 Portraiture","1.2 Everyday life","1.3 Narrative paintings","2 Nude figures","3 History and styles","4 Notes","5 See also","6 References","6.1 Books","6.2 Web","7 External links"]
Genre of painting that represents the human form For the hobby of painting miniature figures, see Figure painting (hobby). The Golden Apple of Discord at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, Jacob Jordaens, 1633, 181 cm × 288 cm (71 in × 113 in), oil on canvas A figure painting is a work of fine art in any of the painting media with the primary subject being the human figure, whether clothed or nude. Figure painting may also refer to the activity of creating such a work. The human figure has been one of the constant subjects of art since the first Stone Age cave paintings, and has been reinterpreted in various styles throughout history. Unlike figure drawings which are usually nudes, figure paintings are often clothed depictions which may be either historically accurate or symbolic. Figure painting is not synonymous with figurative art, which may depict real objects of any kind (including humans and animals). Clothed figures Portraiture A portrait painting focuses on the creation of a likeness of a particular individual or group. Everyday life Genre painting portray ordinary people engaged in common activities. Narrative paintings Historical paintings depict events in a narrative, which may be allegorical. Nude figures The nude has been a theme in Western art since classical antiquity and again in Renaissance art, after being largely absent during the Middle Ages. While standing nude figures of both sexes are found in antiquity, in Western art, male nudes were more prevalent through the idealisation of the male form in society. The first female reclining nudes as a popular genre appeared during the Renaissance, most notably in a work by Giorgione. Oil paint historically has been the ideal media for depicting the figure. By blending and layering paint, the surface can become more like skin. "Its slow drying time and various degrees of viscosity enable the artist to achieve rich and subtle blends of color and texture, which can suggest transformations from one human substance to another." Although working from live models is preferred, the length of time needed to complete a painting has led most modern painters to use photographs as references at least part of the time if not for the entire work. History and styles Antiquity Thebes c. 1400 BCE 5th-century mural painting from the Ajanta Caves, India Winged genius, fragment. Second-style mural painting, Roman artwork, late 1st century BCE. Mythological/Religious Reclining Nymph by Lucas Cranach the Elder Adam and Eve (1507) by Albrecht Dürer Venus and the Lute Player (1565–1570) by Titian Oedipus and the Sphinx (1808) by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres Apotheosis of Homer (1827) by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres Impressionist Olympia (1863) by Édouard Manet Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1 (The Artist's Mother) (1871) by James Abbott McNeill Whistler Young Spartans Exercising, c. 1860 by Edgar Degas Academic The Wave (1896) by William-Adolphe Bouguereau Winged Figure (1889) by Abbot Handerson Thayer William Rush Carving His Allegorical Figure of the Schuylkill River (1908) by Thomas Eakins Modern Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912) by Marcel Duchamp. Oil on canvas. Philadelphia Museum of Art. Sitzender weiblicher Akt mit aufgestützen Ellbogen (1914) by Egon Schiele Red Nude (1917) by Amedeo Modigliani Notes ^ Brilliant, Richard (1987). "Editors Statement: Portraits: The Limitations of Likeness". Art Journal. 46 (3): 171–172. doi:10.1080/00043249.1987.10792358. ^ Sorabella, Jean (January 2008). "The Nude in Western Art and its Beginnings in Antiquity, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History". New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 25 October 2012. ^ Sorabella, Jean (January 2008). "The Nude in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History". New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 25 October 2012. ^ Ferrara, Lidia Guibert (2002). Reclining Nude. London: Thames & Hudson. pp. 6, 7. ISBN 0-500-23797-2. ^ Scala, p. 1 See also Depictions of nudity References Books Clark, Kenneth (1956). The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691017883. Hughes, Robert (1997). Lucian Freud Paintings. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0500275351. Rosenblum, Robert (2003). John Currin. Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 0810991888. Scala, Mark, ed. (2009). Paint Made Flesh. Vanderbilt University Press. ISBN 978-0826516220. Steiner, Wendy (2001). Venus in Exile: The Rejection of Beauty in Twentieth-century Art. The Free Press. ISBN 0684857812. Web Ryder, Edmund C (January 2008). "Nudity and Classical Themes in Byzantine Art, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History". New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 25 October 2012. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nude paintings. Museum exhibits Leopold Museum, Austria – Nude Men Museum of Fine Arts, Boston – Degas and the Nude Authority control databases International FAST National Israel United States Czech Republic
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Figure painting (hobby)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_painting_(hobby)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Golden_Apple_of_Discord_by_Jacob_Jordaens.jpg"},{"link_name":"Peleus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peleus"},{"link_name":"Thetis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thetis"},{"link_name":"Jacob Jordaens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Jordaens"},{"link_name":"fine art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_art"},{"link_name":"painting media","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting#Painting_media"},{"link_name":"nude","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nude_(art)"},{"link_name":"figure drawings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_drawing"},{"link_name":"figurative art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figurative_art"}],"text":"For the hobby of painting miniature figures, see Figure painting (hobby).The Golden Apple of Discord at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, Jacob Jordaens, 1633, 181 cm × 288 cm (71 in × 113 in), oil on canvasA figure painting is a work of fine art in any of the painting media with the primary subject being the human figure, whether clothed or nude. Figure painting may also refer to the activity of creating such a work. The human figure has been one of the constant subjects of art since the first Stone Age cave paintings, and has been reinterpreted in various styles throughout history.Unlike figure drawings which are usually nudes, figure paintings are often clothed depictions which may be either historically accurate or symbolic. \nFigure painting is not synonymous with figurative art, which may depict real objects of any kind (including humans and animals).","title":"Figure painting"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Clothed figures"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"portrait painting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_painting"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"sub_title":"Portraiture","text":"A portrait painting focuses on the creation of a likeness of a particular individual or group.[1]","title":"Clothed figures"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Genre painting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genre_painting"}],"sub_title":"Everyday life","text":"Genre painting portray ordinary people engaged in common activities.","title":"Clothed figures"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Historical paintings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_painting"},{"link_name":"allegorical","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegorical"}],"sub_title":"Narrative paintings","text":"Historical paintings depict events in a narrative, which may be allegorical.","title":"Clothed figures"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"nude","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nude_(art)"},{"link_name":"Western art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_art"},{"link_name":"classical antiquity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_antiquity"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Renaissance art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_art"},{"link_name":"Middle Ages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Giorgione","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgione"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"live models","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_(art)"}],"text":"The nude has been a theme in Western art since classical antiquity[2] and again in Renaissance art, after being largely absent during the Middle Ages.[3]\nWhile standing nude figures of both sexes are found in antiquity, in Western art, male nudes were more prevalent through the idealisation of the male form in society. The first female reclining nudes as a popular genre appeared during the Renaissance, most notably in a work by Giorgione.[4] Oil paint historically has been the ideal media for depicting the figure. By blending and layering paint, the surface can become more like skin. \"Its slow drying time and various degrees of viscosity enable the artist to achieve rich and subtle blends of color and texture, which can suggest transformations from one human substance to another.\"[5] Although working from live models is preferred, the length of time needed to complete a painting has led most modern painters to use photographs as references at least part of the time if not for the entire work.","title":"Nude figures"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Musicians_and_dancers_on_fresco_at_Tomb_of_Nebamun.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meister_des_Mah%C3%A2janaka_J%C3%A2taka_001.jpg"},{"link_name":"Ajanta Caves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajanta_Caves"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Winged_genius_Boscoreale_Louvre_P23.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lucas_Cranach_d._%C3%84._-_Reclining_Nymph_-_WGA05637.jpg"},{"link_name":"Lucas Cranach the Elder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas_Cranach_the_Elder"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Adam_and_Eve_(Prado)_2.jpg"},{"link_name":"Adam and Eve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(D%C3%BCrer)"},{"link_name":"Albrecht Dürer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tizian_099.jpg"},{"link_name":"Titian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titian"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IngresOdipusAndSphinx.jpg"},{"link_name":"Oedipus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus"},{"link_name":"Sphinx","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx"},{"link_name":"Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres,_Apotheosis_of_Homer,_1827.jpg"},{"link_name":"Apotheosis of Homer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apotheosis_of_Homer"},{"link_name":"Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edouard_Manet_-_Olympia_-_Google_Art_Project_3.jpg"},{"link_name":"Olympia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia_(Manet)"},{"link_name":"Édouard Manet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Whistlers_Mother_high_res.jpg"},{"link_name":"Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1 (The Artist's Mother)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistler%27s_Mother"},{"link_name":"James Abbott McNeill Whistler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Abbott_McNeill_Whistler"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Young_Spartans_Exercising_National_Gallery_NG3860.jpg"},{"link_name":"Young Spartans Exercising","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Spartans_Exercising"},{"link_name":"Edgar Degas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Degas"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_(1825-1905)_-_The_Wave_(1896).jpg"},{"link_name":"William-Adolphe Bouguereau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Winged_Figure_1889_Abbot_Handerson_Thayer.jpg"},{"link_name":"Abbot Handerson Thayer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbot_Handerson_Thayer"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Eakins_-_William_Rush_Carving_His_Allegorical_Figure_of_the_Schuylkill_River_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg"},{"link_name":"William Rush Carving His Allegorical Figure of the Schuylkill River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rush_and_His_Model"},{"link_name":"Thomas Eakins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Eakins"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Duchamp_-_Nude_Descending_a_Staircase.jpg"},{"link_name":"Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2"},{"link_name":"Marcel Duchamp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp"},{"link_name":"Philadelphia Museum of Art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Egon_Schiele_-_Sitzender_weiblicher_Akt_mit_aufgest%C3%BCtzen_Ellbogen_-_1914.jpeg"},{"link_name":"Egon Schiele","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egon_Schiele"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Modigliani_-_Nu_couch%C3%A9.jpg"},{"link_name":"Red Nude","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nu_couch%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"Amedeo Modigliani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani"}],"text":"Antiquity\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThebes c. 1400 BCE\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t5th-century mural painting from the Ajanta Caves, India\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tWinged genius, fragment. Second-style mural painting, Roman artwork, late 1st century BCE.Mythological/Religious\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tReclining Nymph by Lucas Cranach the Elder\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tAdam and Eve (1507) by Albrecht Dürer\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tVenus and the Lute Player (1565–1570) by Titian\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tOedipus and the Sphinx (1808) by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tApotheosis of Homer (1827) by Jean Auguste Dominique IngresImpressionist\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tOlympia (1863) by Édouard Manet\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tArrangement in Grey and Black No. 1 (The Artist's Mother) (1871) by James Abbott McNeill Whistler\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tYoung Spartans Exercising, c. 1860 by Edgar DegasAcademic\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe Wave (1896) by William-Adolphe Bouguereau\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tWinged Figure (1889) by Abbot Handerson Thayer\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tWilliam Rush Carving His Allegorical Figure of the Schuylkill River (1908) by Thomas EakinsModern\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tNude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912) by Marcel Duchamp. Oil on canvas. Philadelphia Museum of Art.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSitzender weiblicher Akt mit aufgestützen Ellbogen (1914) by Egon Schiele\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tRed Nude (1917) by Amedeo Modigliani","title":"History and styles"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1080/00043249.1987.10792358","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1080%2F00043249.1987.10792358"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"\"The Nude in Western Art and its Beginnings in Antiquity, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nuba/hd_nuba.htm"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"\"The Nude in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/numr/hd_numr.htm"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-4"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-500-23797-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-23797-2"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-5"}],"text":"^ Brilliant, Richard (1987). \"Editors Statement: Portraits: The Limitations of Likeness\". Art Journal. 46 (3): 171–172. doi:10.1080/00043249.1987.10792358.\n\n^ Sorabella, Jean (January 2008). \"The Nude in Western Art and its Beginnings in Antiquity, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History\". New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 25 October 2012.\n\n^ Sorabella, Jean (January 2008). \"The Nude in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History\". New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 25 October 2012.\n\n^ Ferrara, Lidia Guibert (2002). Reclining Nude. London: Thames & Hudson. pp. 6, 7. ISBN 0-500-23797-2.\n\n^ Scala, p. 1","title":"Notes"}]
[{"image_text":"The Golden Apple of Discord at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, Jacob Jordaens, 1633, 181 cm × 288 cm (71 in × 113 in), oil on canvas","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Golden_Apple_of_Discord_by_Jacob_Jordaens.jpg/350px-Golden_Apple_of_Discord_by_Jacob_Jordaens.jpg"}]
[{"title":"Depictions of nudity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depictions_of_nudity"}]
[{"reference":"Brilliant, Richard (1987). \"Editors Statement: Portraits: The Limitations of Likeness\". Art Journal. 46 (3): 171–172. doi:10.1080/00043249.1987.10792358.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00043249.1987.10792358","url_text":"10.1080/00043249.1987.10792358"}]},{"reference":"Sorabella, Jean (January 2008). \"The Nude in Western Art and its Beginnings in Antiquity, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History\". New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 25 October 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nuba/hd_nuba.htm","url_text":"\"The Nude in Western Art and its Beginnings in Antiquity, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History\""}]},{"reference":"Sorabella, Jean (January 2008). \"The Nude in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History\". New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 25 October 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/numr/hd_numr.htm","url_text":"\"The Nude in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History\""}]},{"reference":"Ferrara, Lidia Guibert (2002). Reclining Nude. London: Thames & Hudson. pp. 6, 7. ISBN 0-500-23797-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-23797-2","url_text":"0-500-23797-2"}]},{"reference":"Clark, Kenneth (1956). The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691017883.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/nudestudyinideal00clar","url_text":"The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0691017883","url_text":"0691017883"}]},{"reference":"Hughes, Robert (1997). Lucian Freud Paintings. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0500275351.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0500275351","url_text":"0500275351"}]},{"reference":"Rosenblum, Robert (2003). John Currin. Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 0810991888.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0810991888","url_text":"0810991888"}]},{"reference":"Scala, Mark, ed. (2009). Paint Made Flesh. Vanderbilt University Press. ISBN 978-0826516220.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0826516220","url_text":"978-0826516220"}]},{"reference":"Steiner, Wendy (2001). Venus in Exile: The Rejection of Beauty in Twentieth-century Art. The Free Press. ISBN 0684857812.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0684857812","url_text":"0684857812"}]},{"reference":"Ryder, Edmund C (January 2008). \"Nudity and Classical Themes in Byzantine Art, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History\". New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 25 October 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nuby/hd_nuby.htm","url_text":"\"Nudity and Classical Themes in Byzantine Art, In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granville_Harcourt-Vernon_(1792%E2%80%931879)
Granville Harcourt-Vernon (1792–1879)
["1 Early life","2 Career","3 Personal life","4 References","5 External links"]
British politician The Right HonourableGranville Harcourt-VernonMember of Parliament for East RetfordIn office1832–1847Serving with Viscount Newark, Hon. Arthur DuncombePreceded byViscount Newark Hon. Arthur DuncombeSucceeded byHon. Arthur Duncombe The Viscount GalwayMember of Parliament for AldboroughIn office1815–1820Serving with Henry FynesPreceded byHenry FynesHenry Gally-KnightSucceeded byHenry FynesGibbs Antrobus Personal detailsBorn(1792-07-26)26 July 1792Died8 December 1879(1879-12-08) (aged 87)Spouse(s) Frances Julia Eyre ​ ​(m. 1814; died 1844)​ Hon. Pyne Jesse Cotterell ​ ​(m. 1845; died 1872)​RelationsWilliam Vernon Harcourt (brother)Francis Venables-Vernon-Harcourt (brother)Octavius Vernon Harcourt (brother)Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford (grandfather)George Venables-Vernon, 1st Baron Vernon (grandfather)Parent(s)Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt Lady Anne Leveson-Gower Granville Harcourt-Vernon (26 July 1792 – 8 December 1879), was a British politician. Early life Harcourt-Vernon was born on 26 July 1792. He was the sixth son of the Most Reverend Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt, Archbishop of York and Lady Anne Leveson-Gower. Among his siblings were scientist William Vernon Harcourt, Francis Venables-Vernon-Harcourt and Octavius Vernon Harcourt. His father was the third son of George Venables-Vernon, 1st Baron Vernon, and his mother was the daughter of Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford. Career Harcourt-Vernon was Member of Parliament for Aldborough between 1815 and 1820 and for East Retford between 1832 and 1847. Personal life Harcourt-Vernon was twice married. In 1814, he married Frances Julia Eyre (d. 1844), daughter of Anthony Hardolph Eyre and the former Francisca Alicia Bootle (third daughter of Richard Wilbraham-Bootle). They had several children, including: Granville Edward Harcourt-Vernon (1816–1861), MP for Newark who married Lady Selina Catherine Meade, daughter of Richard Meade, 3rd Earl of Clanwilliam, in 1854. Evelyn Hardolph Harcourt-Vernon (1821–1890), the Prebendary of Lincoln and Rural Dean of Bingham who married Jane Catherine St John-Mildmay, a daughter of Edward St John-Mildmay, in 1849. Henry Arthur Harcourt-Vernon (1835–1862), a Major. Charles Egerton Harcourt-Vernon (1827–1872), Captain in the Royal Navy, who married Louisa Anne Garth in 1865. Marianne Harcourt-Vernon (1823–1873), who married Humphrey St John-Mildmay, MP for Southampton, in 1843. After her death in February 1844 he married secondly the Hon. Pyne Jesse Trevor, daughter of Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre and widow of John Henry Cotterell, in 1845. There were no children from this marriage. She died in March 1872. Harcourt-Vernon survived her by seven years and died in December 1879, aged 87. References ^ a b c d e f g h "Biography of Granville Harcourt Vernon (1792-1879)". www.nottingham.ac.uk. The University of Nottingham. Retrieved 10 June 2024. ^ Harratt, Simon; Farrell, Stephen. "HARCOURT VERNON (formerly VERNON), Granville Venables (1792-1879), of Grove Park, Notts". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 10 June 2024. ^ "Biography of Evelyn Hardolph Harcourt-Vernon (1821-1890)". www.nottingham.ac.uk. The University of Nottingham. Retrieved 10 June 2024. External links Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Granville Harcourt-Vernon Parliament of the United Kingdom Preceded byHenry Fynes Henry Gally-Knight Member of Parliament for Aldborough 1815–1820 With: Henry Fynes Succeeded byHenry Fynes Gibbs Antrobus Preceded byViscount Newark Hon. Arthur Duncombe Member of Parliament for East Retford 1832–1847 With: Viscount Newark 1831–1835Hon. Arthur Duncombe 1835–1847 Succeeded byHon. Arthur Duncombe The Viscount Galway Honorary titles Preceded byRobert Holden High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire 1849 Succeeded byEdward Strutt
[{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Granville Harcourt-Vernon (26 July 1792 – 8 December 1879), was a British politician.","title":"Granville Harcourt-Vernon (1792–1879)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Venables-Vernon-Harcourt"},{"link_name":"Archbishop of York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_York"},{"link_name":"William Vernon Harcourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vernon_Harcourt_(scientist)"},{"link_name":"Francis Venables-Vernon-Harcourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Venables-Vernon-Harcourt"},{"link_name":"Octavius Vernon Harcourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavius_Vernon_Harcourt"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GHVnottingham-1"},{"link_name":"George Venables-Vernon, 1st Baron Vernon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Venables-Vernon,_1st_Baron_Vernon"},{"link_name":"Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_1st_Marquess_of_Stafford"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GHVnottingham-1"}],"text":"Harcourt-Vernon was born on 26 July 1792. He was the sixth son of the Most Reverend Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt, Archbishop of York and Lady Anne Leveson-Gower. Among his siblings were scientist William Vernon Harcourt, Francis Venables-Vernon-Harcourt and Octavius Vernon Harcourt.[1]His father was the third son of George Venables-Vernon, 1st Baron Vernon, and his mother was the daughter of Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford.[1]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Member of Parliament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"Aldborough","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldborough_(UK_Parliament_constituency)"},{"link_name":"East Retford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Retford_(UK_Parliament_constituency)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HVhop-2"}],"text":"Harcourt-Vernon was Member of Parliament for Aldborough between 1815 and 1820 and for East Retford between 1832 and 1847.[2]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Anthony Hardolph Eyre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Hardolph_Eyre"},{"link_name":"Richard Wilbraham-Bootle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Wilbraham-Bootle"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GHVnottingham-1"},{"link_name":"Granville Edward Harcourt-Vernon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granville_Harcourt-Vernon_(1816%E2%80%931861)"},{"link_name":"Newark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark_(UK_Parliament_constituency)"},{"link_name":"Richard Meade, 3rd Earl of Clanwilliam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Meade,_3rd_Earl_of_Clanwilliam"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EHHnottingham-3"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GHVnottingham-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GHVnottingham-1"},{"link_name":"Humphrey St John-Mildmay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humphrey_St_John-Mildmay"},{"link_name":"Southampton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southampton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GHVnottingham-1"},{"link_name":"Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Trevor,_21st_Baron_Dacre"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GHVnottingham-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GHVnottingham-1"}],"text":"Harcourt-Vernon was twice married. In 1814, he married Frances Julia Eyre (d. 1844), daughter of Anthony Hardolph Eyre and the former Francisca Alicia Bootle (third daughter of Richard Wilbraham-Bootle). They had several children, including:[1]Granville Edward Harcourt-Vernon (1816–1861), MP for Newark who married Lady Selina Catherine Meade, daughter of Richard Meade, 3rd Earl of Clanwilliam, in 1854.\nEvelyn Hardolph Harcourt-Vernon (1821–1890), the Prebendary of Lincoln and Rural Dean of Bingham who married Jane Catherine St John-Mildmay, a daughter of Edward St John-Mildmay, in 1849.[3]\nHenry Arthur Harcourt-Vernon (1835–1862), a Major.[1]\nCharles Egerton Harcourt-Vernon (1827–1872), Captain in the Royal Navy, who married Louisa Anne Garth in 1865.[1]\nMarianne Harcourt-Vernon (1823–1873), who married Humphrey St John-Mildmay, MP for Southampton, in 1843.[1]After her death in February 1844 he married secondly the Hon. Pyne Jesse Trevor, daughter of Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre and widow of John Henry Cotterell, in 1845. There were no children from this marriage.[1]She died in March 1872. Harcourt-Vernon survived her by seven years and died in December 1879, aged 87.[1]","title":"Personal life"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Society_(magazine)
High Society (magazine)
["1 History","2 References","3 External links"]
U.S. pornographic magazine This article is about the magazine. For other uses, see High society (disambiguation). High SocietyEditor-in-chiefGloria LeonardCategoriesMen's magazinesFrequencyMonthlyPublisherBlair Publishing GroupFirst issueMay 1976; 48 years ago (1976-05)CountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishWebsitecompany.highsociety.com High Society is an American pornographic magazine. In addition to hardcore pictorials of nude models, it also has feature articles and occasional celebrity pictorials. History High Society was first published in May 1976. Carl Ruderman hired the adult industry's first female men's magazine editor, Gloria Leonard, in 1977. Leonard, an adult film star, is credited with the use of "900" and "976 phone numbers" to advertise upcoming magazine issues. This evolved into the very first "phone sex" lines. In November 1981 a spin-off magazine, High Society Live!, debuted. Another venture was a celebrity focused publication, Celebrity Skin magazine, in 1986. The 10th Anniversary Issue of High Society, published May, 1986 featured Gail Thackray (Gail Harris) with a 10-page spread, Centerfold and Front cover. Over its 25-year run Margot Kidder, Ann-Margret and Barbra Streisand unsuccessfully attempted to sue the magazine after it published nude photos of them. High Society has a pay-per-view TV channel. The magazine is published by the Magna Publishing Group, which was acquired by 1-800-PHONESEX on December 22, 2015. References ^ a b John Sanford, xbiz.com, iPadult.com Teams With Magna Publishing to Bring Magazines to iPad, August 30, 2012. ^ a b Kernes, Mark Sr. (March 2014). "The Industry Remembers Gloria Leonard". Adult Video News. Vol. 30, no. 3. pp. 22–23, 112. Retrieved 8 March 2014. ^ "High Society Busty Adult Magazine May 1986 10th Anniversary Collectors Issue!". amazon.com. Retrieved 7 July 2015. ^ "Gloria Leonard". Feminists for Free Expression. Archived from the original on 18 April 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2009. ^ Playgirl Dresses Up as PPV Channel ^ "1-800-PHONESEX Acquires Leading New York-Based Adult Publisher". PR Newswire. Los Angeles. 29 December 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015. External links Official website Authority control databases VIAF
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"High society (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_society_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"pornographic magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornographic_magazine"},{"link_name":"hardcore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_pornography"},{"link_name":"nude","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudity"}],"text":"This article is about the magazine. For other uses, see High society (disambiguation).High Society is an American pornographic magazine. In addition to hardcore pictorials of nude models, it also has feature articles and occasional celebrity pictorials.","title":"High Society (magazine)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"men's magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%27s_magazine"},{"link_name":"Gloria Leonard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Leonard"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IndustryRemembers-2"},{"link_name":"900","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/900_numbers"},{"link_name":"976 phone numbers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premium-rate_telephone_number#Canada,_United_States,_and_other_NANP_countries"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IndustryRemembers-2"},{"link_name":"spin-off","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-off_(media)"},{"link_name":"Celebrity Skin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrity_Skin_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"Gail Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail_Harris"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Margot Kidder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margot_Kidder"},{"link_name":"Ann-Margret","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann-Margret"},{"link_name":"Barbra Streisand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbra_Streisand"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ffeusa-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Magna Publishing Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Publishing_Group"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-xbiz2012-1"},{"link_name":"1-800-PHONESEX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-800-PHONESEX"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"High Society was first published in May 1976. Carl Ruderman hired the adult industry's first female men's magazine editor, Gloria Leonard, in 1977.[2]Leonard, an adult film star, is credited with the use of \"900\" and \"976 phone numbers\" to advertise upcoming magazine issues. This evolved into the very first \"phone sex\" lines.[2]In November 1981 a spin-off magazine, High Society Live!, debuted. Another venture was a celebrity focused publication, Celebrity Skin magazine, in 1986. The 10th Anniversary Issue of High Society, published May, 1986 featured Gail Thackray (Gail Harris) with a 10-page spread, Centerfold and Front cover.[3] Over its 25-year run Margot Kidder, Ann-Margret and Barbra Streisand unsuccessfully attempted to sue the magazine after it published nude photos of them.[4]High Society has a pay-per-view TV channel.[5]The magazine is published by the Magna Publishing Group,[1] which was acquired by 1-800-PHONESEX on December 22, 2015.[6]","title":"History"}]
[]
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[{"reference":"Kernes, Mark Sr. (March 2014). \"The Industry Remembers Gloria Leonard\". Adult Video News. Vol. 30, no. 3. pp. 22–23, 112. Retrieved 8 March 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://business.avn.com/articles/video/The-Adult-Industry-Remembers-Gloria-Leonard-1940-2014-548396.html","url_text":"\"The Industry Remembers Gloria Leonard\""}]},{"reference":"\"High Society Busty Adult Magazine May 1986 10th Anniversary Collectors Issue!\". amazon.com. Retrieved 7 July 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/Society-Busty-Magazine-Anniversary-Collectors/dp/B00755EHE8","url_text":"\"High Society Busty Adult Magazine May 1986 10th Anniversary Collectors Issue!\""}]},{"reference":"\"Gloria Leonard\". Feminists for Free Expression. Archived from the original on 18 April 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090418064717/http://www.ffeusa.org/html/speakers/leonard.html","url_text":"\"Gloria Leonard\""},{"url":"http://www.ffeusa.org/html/speakers/leonard.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"1-800-PHONESEX Acquires Leading New York-Based Adult Publisher\". PR Newswire. Los Angeles. 29 December 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/1-800-phonesex-acquires-leading-new-york-based-adult-publisher-300197561.html","url_text":"\"1-800-PHONESEX Acquires Leading New York-Based Adult Publisher\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Euripos
Siege of Euripos
["1 Background","2 Siege","3 Aftermath","4 References","5 Sources"]
Arab-Byzantine Conflicts Siege of EuriposPart of the Arab–Byzantine WarsMap of the Arab–Byzantine naval conflict in the Mediterranean, 7th–11th centuriesDateShortly after 883LocationEuripos (Chalcis, Central Greece)Result Byzantine victoryBelligerents Byzantine Empire Abbasid Caliphate (Tarsos)Commanders and leaders Oineiates Yazaman al-KhadimStrength Unknown 30 koumbaria shipsCasualties and losses Unknown Heavy vteArab–Byzantine warsEarly conflicts Mu'tah Balqa Firaz Dathin The Levant Marj Rahit al-Qaryatayn Bosra Ajnadayn Yaqusa Marj al-Saffar Sanita-al-Uqab Damascus Maraj-al-Debaj Fahl Marj ar-Rum Emesa Yarmouk Laodicea Jerusalem Hazir 1st Aleppo Iron Bridge 2nd Emesa Germanicia Egypt Heliopolis Babylon Fortress Alexandria Nikiou Darishkur Bahnasa North Africa Sufetula Vescera Mamma Carthage Tabarka Anatolia & Constantinople 1st Constantinople Sebastopolis Tyana 2nd Constantinople Nicaea Akroinon Border conflicts Kamacha Asia Minor (782) Kopidnadon Krasos Asia Minor (806) Anzen Amorium Mauropotamos Faruriyyah Lalakaon Bathys Ryax Sicily and Southern Italy 1st Syracuse Messina Butera Enna 2nd Syracuse 1st Malta 3rd Syracuse Caltavuturo Campaigns of Leo Apostyppes & Nikephoros Phokas the Elder 1st Milazzo 2nd Milazzo 1st Taormina Garigliano Campaigns of Marianos Argyros 2nd Taormina Rometta Straits of Messina George Maniakes in Sicily 2nd Malta Naval warfare Phoenix Keramaia 1st Crete 2nd Crete Thasos Damietta Ragusa Kardia Gulf of Corinth Cephalonia Euripos Thessalonica 3rd Crete 4th Crete Tyre Byzantine reconquest Campaigns of John Kourkouas Campaigns of Sayf al-Dawla Marash Raban Andrassos Campaigns of Nikephoros II 5th Crete Aleppo Cilicia Antioch Campaigns of John I Alexandretta Syria Campaigns of Basil II Orontes 2nd Aleppo Apamea Azaz The siege of Euripos (modern Chalcis) occurred in the mid-880s, when an Abbasid fleet, led by the emir of Tarsos, Yazaman al-Khadim, laid siege to the city. The local Byzantine commander, Oiniates, successfully defended the city and destroyed a large part of the besieging force. Background In the 820s, two events, the beginning of the Muslim conquest of Sicily and the establishment of the Emirate of Crete, altered the balance of power between the Byzantine Empire and the Arabs in the Mediterranean. The former soon led to the establishment of Muslim bases on the Italian peninsula, while the loss of Crete was particularly important, as it opened the Aegean Sea to constant Muslim raiding. Apart from the raids of the Cretan Saracens, the Abbasid caliphs also took care to strengthen their forces in the Cilician frontier districts, and Tarsos became a major base for land and seaborne attacks against Byzantine territory. This was especially the case during the tenure of Yazaman al-Khadim as governor of Tarsos in 882–891. Siege Shortly after defeating a major Byzantine attack against him in 883, Yazaman assembled his forces for a major raid against the Byzantine provinces of Greece. According to the 11th-century Byzantine historian John Skylitzes, Yazaman's fleet comprised thirty koumbaria (large warships designed for war as well as freight), and launched an attack on the city of Euripos (the Byzantine name for Chalcis, located on the Euripus Strait between continental Central Greece and the island of Euboea). Emperor Basil I the Macedonian had received intelligence of Yazaman's intentions, however, and the governor of the local Theme of Hellas, a certain Oineiates, was well prepared to meet the attack, having assembled the troops of his province, repaired the walls and installed stone-throwing catapults on them. Skylitzes reports that the Tarsians launched successive attacks on the city, but they were repelled by the defenders "with their machines for hurling stones, missiles and darts—to say nothing of stones thrown from the walls by hand", as well as by sorties of their own ships, equipped with Greek fire, which sunk several Arab vessels. At long last, Yazaman placed a great shield before the lines of his troops, filled it with gold and promised to award it along with a hundred maidens to the first of his men who scaled the wall. When the besieged saw this, they understood that the final attack was imminent, and so, shouting to encourage each other, they launched a sortie of their own. The attack was successful, killing many of the besiegers and putting the rest to flight. Skylitzes reports that Yazaman too fell "at the first encounter", but this is clearly an error or a confusion, as al-Tabari records that he launched further raids against Byzantium in 886 and in 888, and was killed in 891 during his siege of the Byzantine fortress of Salandu. Aftermath Despite this Byzantine success, the Saracen raids continued unabated, and reached their climax in the early 10th century with the activities of Leo of Tripoli and Damian of Tarsus, culminating in the Sack of Thessalonica, the Byzantine Empire's second city, in 904. It was only after the 920s that the Byzantines began taking the upper hand, ending in the recovery of Crete, Cyprus, and finally Cilicia, in the 960s under Nikephoros Phokas. References ^ Pryor & Jeffreys 2006, pp. 46–49. ^ Pryor & Jeffreys 2006, pp. 60–62. ^ Pryor & Jeffreys 2006, p. 62. ^ Wortley 2010, pp. 146–147. ^ a b Wortley 2010, p. 147. ^ Fields 1987, pp. 152, 157, 175. ^ Pryor & Jeffreys 2006, pp. 62–64, 71–73. Sources Fields, Philip M., ed. (1987). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Recovery: The War Against the Zanj Ends, A.D. 879–893/A.H. 266–279. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-054-0. Pryor, John H.; Jeffreys, Elizabeth M. (2006). The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204. Leiden and Boston: Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-15197-0. Wortley, John, ed. (2010). John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76705-7.
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Rahit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Rahit_(634)"},{"link_name":"al-Qaryatayn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn"},{"link_name":"Bosra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra"},{"link_name":"Ajnadayn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ajnadayn"},{"link_name":"Yaqusa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Yaqusa"},{"link_name":"Marj al-Saffar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_al-Saffar_(634)"},{"link_name":"Sanita-al-Uqab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sanita-al-Uqab"},{"link_name":"Damascus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Damascus_(634)"},{"link_name":"Maraj-al-Debaj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Maraj-al-Debaj"},{"link_name":"Fahl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fahl"},{"link_name":"Marj ar-Rum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_ar-Rum"},{"link_name":"Emesa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Emesa"},{"link_name":"Yarmouk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Yarmuk"},{"link_name":"Laodicea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Laodicea_(636)"},{"link_name":"Jerusalem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(636%E2%80%93637)"},{"link_name":"Hazir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hazir"},{"link_name":"1st Aleppo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Aleppo_(637)"},{"link_name":"Iron Bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Iron_Bridge"},{"link_name":"2nd Emesa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Emesa_(638)"},{"link_name":"Germanicia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Germanicia"},{"link_name":"Egypt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Egypt"},{"link_name":"Heliopolis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Heliopolis"},{"link_name":"Babylon Fortress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Babylon_Fortress"},{"link_name":"Alexandria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Alexandria_(641)"},{"link_name":"Nikiou","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nikiou"},{"link_name":"Darishkur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubayr_ibn_al-Awwam#Campaign_in_Africa"},{"link_name":"Bahnasa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyrhynchus"},{"link_name":"North Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb"},{"link_name":"Sufetula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sufetula_(647)"},{"link_name":"Vescera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vescera"},{"link_name":"Mamma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mamma"},{"link_name":"Carthage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Carthage_(698)"},{"link_name":"Tabarka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tabarka"},{"link_name":"Anatolia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolia"},{"link_name":"Constantinople","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople"},{"link_name":"1st Constantinople","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(674%E2%80%93678)"},{"link_name":"Sebastopolis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sebastopolis"},{"link_name":"Tyana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Tyana"},{"link_name":"2nd Constantinople","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(717%E2%80%93718)"},{"link_name":"Nicaea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Nicaea_(727)"},{"link_name":"Akroinon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Akroinon"},{"link_name":"Kamacha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Kamacha"},{"link_name":"Asia Minor (782)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_invasion_of_Asia_Minor_(782)"},{"link_name":"Kopidnadon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kopidnadon"},{"link_name":"Krasos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Krasos"},{"link_name":"Asia Minor (806)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_invasion_of_Asia_Minor_(806)"},{"link_name":"Anzen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Anzen"},{"link_name":"Amorium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Amorium"},{"link_name":"Mauropotamos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mauropotamos"},{"link_name":"Faruriyyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Faruriyyah"},{"link_name":"Lalakaon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lalakaon"},{"link_name":"Bathys Ryax","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bathys_Ryax"},{"link_name":"Sicily","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Sicily"},{"link_name":"Southern Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy"},{"link_name":"1st Syracuse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(827%E2%80%93828)"},{"link_name":"Messina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Messina"},{"link_name":"Butera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Butera"},{"link_name":"Enna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Enna"},{"link_name":"2nd Syracuse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(868)"},{"link_name":"1st Malta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Melite_(870)"},{"link_name":"3rd Syracuse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(877%E2%80%93878)"},{"link_name":"Caltavuturo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Caltavuturo"},{"link_name":"Leo Apostyppes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Apostyppes"},{"link_name":"Nikephoros Phokas the Elder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_Phokas_the_Elder"},{"link_name":"1st Milazzo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stelai"},{"link_name":"2nd Milazzo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Milazzo_(888)"},{"link_name":"1st Taormina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Taormina_(902)"},{"link_name":"Garigliano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Garigliano"},{"link_name":"Marianos Argyros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianos_Argyros"},{"link_name":"2nd Taormina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Taormina_(962)"},{"link_name":"Rometta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Rometta"},{"link_name":"Straits of Messina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Straits"},{"link_name":"George Maniakes in Sicily","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Maniakes"},{"link_name":"2nd Malta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Medina_(1053%E2%80%931054)"},{"link_name":"Phoenix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Masts"},{"link_name":"Keramaia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Keramaia"},{"link_name":"1st Crete","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete#Conquest_of_Crete"},{"link_name":"2nd Crete","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretan_expedition_(828)"},{"link_name":"Thasos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Thasos"},{"link_name":"Damietta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Damietta_(853)"},{"link_name":"Ragusa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Ragusa_(866%E2%80%93868)"},{"link_name":"Kardia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kardia"},{"link_name":"Gulf of Corinth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Corinth"},{"link_name":"Cephalonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cephalonia"},{"link_name":"Euripos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Thessalonica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Thessalonica_(904)"},{"link_name":"3rd Crete","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretan_expedition_(911%E2%80%93912)"},{"link_name":"4th Crete","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretan_expedition_(949)"},{"link_name":"Tyre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolt_of_Tyre_(996%E2%80%93998)"},{"link_name":"John Kourkouas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kourkouas"},{"link_name":"Sayf al-Dawla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayf_al-Dawla"},{"link_name":"Marash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marash_(953)"},{"link_name":"Raban","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Raban"},{"link_name":"Andrassos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Andrassos"},{"link_name":"Nikephoros II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_II_Phokas"},{"link_name":"5th Crete","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Chandax"},{"link_name":"Aleppo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Aleppo_(962)"},{"link_name":"Cilicia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_conquest_of_Cilicia"},{"link_name":"Antioch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Antioch_(968%E2%80%93969)"},{"link_name":"John I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I_Tzimiskes"},{"link_name":"Alexandretta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Alexandretta"},{"link_name":"Syria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_campaigns_of_John_Tzimiskes"},{"link_name":"Basil II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_II"},{"link_name":"Orontes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Orontes"},{"link_name":"2nd Aleppo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Aleppo_(994%E2%80%93995)"},{"link_name":"Apamea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Apamea"},{"link_name":"Azaz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Azaz_(1030)"},{"link_name":"Chalcis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcis"},{"link_name":"Abbasid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid"},{"link_name":"Tarsos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsos"},{"link_name":"Yazaman al-Khadim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazaman_al-Khadim"},{"link_name":"Byzantine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine"}],"text":"vteArab–Byzantine warsEarly conflicts\nMu'tah\nBalqa\nFiraz\nDathin\nThe Levant\n\nMarj Rahit\nal-Qaryatayn\nBosra\nAjnadayn\nYaqusa\nMarj al-Saffar\nSanita-al-Uqab\nDamascus\nMaraj-al-Debaj\nFahl\nMarj ar-Rum\nEmesa\nYarmouk\nLaodicea\nJerusalem\nHazir\n1st Aleppo\nIron Bridge\n2nd Emesa\nGermanicia\nEgypt\n\nHeliopolis\nBabylon Fortress\nAlexandria\nNikiou\nDarishkur\nBahnasa\nNorth Africa\n\nSufetula\nVescera\nMamma\nCarthage\nTabarka\nAnatolia & Constantinople\n\n1st Constantinople\nSebastopolis\nTyana\n2nd Constantinople\nNicaea\nAkroinon\nBorder conflicts\n\nKamacha\nAsia Minor (782)\nKopidnadon\nKrasos\nAsia Minor (806)\nAnzen\nAmorium\nMauropotamos\nFaruriyyah\nLalakaon\nBathys Ryax\nSicily and Southern Italy\n\n1st Syracuse\nMessina\nButera\nEnna\n2nd Syracuse\n1st Malta\n3rd Syracuse\nCaltavuturo\nCampaigns of Leo Apostyppes & Nikephoros Phokas the Elder\n1st Milazzo\n2nd Milazzo\n1st Taormina\nGarigliano\nCampaigns of Marianos Argyros\n2nd Taormina\nRometta\nStraits of Messina\nGeorge Maniakes in Sicily\n2nd Malta\nNaval warfare\n\nPhoenix\nKeramaia\n1st Crete\n2nd Crete\nThasos\nDamietta\nRagusa\nKardia\nGulf of Corinth\nCephalonia\nEuripos\nThessalonica\n3rd Crete\n4th Crete\nTyre\nByzantine reconquest\n\nCampaigns of John Kourkouas\nCampaigns of Sayf al-Dawla\nMarash\nRaban\nAndrassos\nCampaigns of Nikephoros II\n5th Crete\nAleppo\nCilicia\nAntioch\nCampaigns of John I\nAlexandretta\nSyria\nCampaigns of Basil II\nOrontes\n2nd Aleppo\nApamea\nAzazThe siege of Euripos (modern Chalcis) occurred in the mid-880s, when an Abbasid fleet, led by the emir of Tarsos, Yazaman al-Khadim, laid siege to the city. The local Byzantine commander, Oiniates, successfully defended the city and destroyed a large part of the besieging force.","title":"Siege of Euripos"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Muslim conquest of Sicily","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Sicily"},{"link_name":"Emirate of Crete","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete"},{"link_name":"Byzantine Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire"},{"link_name":"Arabs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs"},{"link_name":"Mediterranean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean"},{"link_name":"Italian peninsula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_peninsula"},{"link_name":"Aegean Sea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegean_Sea"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPryorJeffreys200646%E2%80%9349-1"},{"link_name":"Abbasid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid"},{"link_name":"Cilician","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilicia"},{"link_name":"frontier districts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thughur"},{"link_name":"Tarsos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsos"},{"link_name":"Yazaman al-Khadim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazaman_al-Khadim"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPryorJeffreys200660%E2%80%9362-2"}],"text":"In the 820s, two events, the beginning of the Muslim conquest of Sicily and the establishment of the Emirate of Crete, altered the balance of power between the Byzantine Empire and the Arabs in the Mediterranean. The former soon led to the establishment of Muslim bases on the Italian peninsula, while the loss of Crete was particularly important, as it opened the Aegean Sea to constant Muslim raiding.[1] Apart from the raids of the Cretan Saracens, the Abbasid caliphs also took care to strengthen their forces in the Cilician frontier districts, and Tarsos became a major base for land and seaborne attacks against Byzantine territory. This was especially the case during the tenure of Yazaman al-Khadim as governor of Tarsos in 882–891.[2]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPryorJeffreys200662-3"},{"link_name":"John Skylitzes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Skylitzes"},{"link_name":"Chalcis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcis"},{"link_name":"Euripus Strait","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euripus_Strait"},{"link_name":"Central Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Greece_(geographic_region)"},{"link_name":"Euboea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euboea"},{"link_name":"Basil I the Macedonian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_I_the_Macedonian"},{"link_name":"Theme of Hellas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theme_of_Hellas"},{"link_name":"catapults","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catapults"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWortley2010146%E2%80%93147-4"},{"link_name":"Greek fire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_fire"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWortley2010147-5"},{"link_name":"al-Tabari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Tabari"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWortley2010147-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFields1987152,_157,_175-6"}],"text":"Shortly after defeating a major Byzantine attack against him in 883,[3] Yazaman assembled his forces for a major raid against the Byzantine provinces of Greece. According to the 11th-century Byzantine historian John Skylitzes, Yazaman's fleet comprised thirty koumbaria (large warships designed for war as well as freight), and launched an attack on the city of Euripos (the Byzantine name for Chalcis, located on the Euripus Strait between continental Central Greece and the island of Euboea). Emperor Basil I the Macedonian had received intelligence of Yazaman's intentions, however, and the governor of the local Theme of Hellas, a certain Oineiates, was well prepared to meet the attack, having assembled the troops of his province, repaired the walls and installed stone-throwing catapults on them.[4]Skylitzes reports that the Tarsians launched successive attacks on the city, but they were repelled by the defenders \"with their machines for hurling stones, missiles and darts—to say nothing of stones thrown from the walls by hand\", as well as by sorties of their own ships, equipped with Greek fire, which sunk several Arab vessels. At long last, Yazaman placed a great shield before the lines of his troops, filled it with gold and promised to award it along with a hundred maidens to the first of his men who scaled the wall. When the besieged saw this, they understood that the final attack was imminent, and so, shouting to encourage each other, they launched a sortie of their own. The attack was successful, killing many of the besiegers and putting the rest to flight.[5]Skylitzes reports that Yazaman too fell \"at the first encounter\", but this is clearly an error or a confusion, as al-Tabari records that he launched further raids against Byzantium in 886 and in 888, and was killed in 891 during his siege of the Byzantine fortress of Salandu.[5][6]","title":"Siege"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Leo of Tripoli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_of_Tripoli"},{"link_name":"Damian of Tarsus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damian_of_Tarsus"},{"link_name":"Sack of Thessalonica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Thessalonica_(904)"},{"link_name":"Cyprus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus"},{"link_name":"Nikephoros Phokas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros_Phokas"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPryorJeffreys200662%E2%80%9364,_71%E2%80%9373-7"}],"text":"Despite this Byzantine success, the Saracen raids continued unabated, and reached their climax in the early 10th century with the activities of Leo of Tripoli and Damian of Tarsus, culminating in the Sack of Thessalonica, the Byzantine Empire's second city, in 904. It was only after the 920s that the Byzantines began taking the upper hand, ending in the recovery of Crete, Cyprus, and finally Cilicia, in the 960s under Nikephoros Phokas.[7]","title":"Aftermath"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Recovery: The War Against the Zanj Ends, A.D. 879–893/A.H. 266–279","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=igltYwUE764C"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-88706-054-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-054-0"},{"link_name":"The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=OJPfAAAAMAAJ"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-90-04-15197-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15197-0"},{"link_name":"John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/skylitzes-2010"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-521-76705-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76705-7"}],"text":"Fields, Philip M., ed. (1987). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Recovery: The War Against the Zanj Ends, A.D. 879–893/A.H. 266–279. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-054-0.\nPryor, John H.; Jeffreys, Elizabeth M. (2006). The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204. Leiden and Boston: Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-15197-0.\nWortley, John, ed. (2010). John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76705-7.","title":"Sources"}]
[]
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[{"reference":"Fields, Philip M., ed. (1987). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Recovery: The War Against the Zanj Ends, A.D. 879–893/A.H. 266–279. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-054-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=igltYwUE764C","url_text":"The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Recovery: The War Against the Zanj Ends, A.D. 879–893/A.H. 266–279"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-054-0","url_text":"978-0-88706-054-0"}]},{"reference":"Pryor, John H.; Jeffreys, Elizabeth M. (2006). The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204. Leiden and Boston: Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-15197-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=OJPfAAAAMAAJ","url_text":"The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15197-0","url_text":"978-90-04-15197-0"}]},{"reference":"Wortley, John, ed. (2010). John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76705-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/skylitzes-2010","url_text":"John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76705-7","url_text":"978-0-521-76705-7"}]}]
[{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=igltYwUE764C","external_links_name":"The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Recovery: The War Against the Zanj Ends, A.D. 879–893/A.H. 266–279"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=OJPfAAAAMAAJ","external_links_name":"The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/skylitzes-2010","external_links_name":"John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szeksz%C3%A1rdi_UFC
Szekszárdi UFC
["1 Name changes","2 References","3 External links"]
Hungarian football club Football clubSzekszárdi UFCFull nameSzekszárdi Utánpótlásnevelő Football ClubFounded1992; 32 years ago (1992)GroundSzekszárdi Városi StadionCapacity8,000ManagerBalázs VargaLeagueNB III2020–21NB III, Centre, 14th Home colours Szekszárdi Utánpótlásnevelő Football Club is a professional football club based in Szekszárd, Tolna county, Hungary, that competes in the Nemzeti Bajnokság III, the third tier of Hungarian football. Name changes 1993–1994: Szekszárdi Polgári SE 1994–1998: Utánpótlás FC Szekszárd 1998–1999: Jerking Szekszárd UFC 1999–2009: Szekszárdi Utánpótlásnevelő Football Club 2009–present: Tolle Utánpótlásnevelő Football Club Szekszárd References ^ "Szekszárdi UFC". Magyarfutball.hu. 5 January 2017. ^ "Official website of Szekszárdi UFC". Szufc.hu. 5 January 2017. External links Official website (in Hungarian) Profile on Magyar Futball vteNemzeti Bajnokság IIISeasons 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2020–21 2021–22 2022–23 2023–24 2023–24 clubsNortheast Cigánd DEAC DVSC II DVTK II Eger Gyöngyös Hatvan Karcag Kisvárda II Putnok REAC Salgótarján Sényő Tiszafüred Tiszaújváros Újpest II Northwest III. Kerület Balatonfüred Bicske Budaörs Csorna Dorog Gyirmót II Győr II Haladás VSE Kelen Komárom Puskás Akadémia II SC Sopron Tatabánya Veszprém Zalaegerszeg II Southeast Békéscsaba BKV Előre Budapest Honvéd II Cegléd Dabas ESMTK Füzesgyarmat Hódmezővásárhely Kecskemét II Körösladány Martfű Monor Pénzügyőr Szeged II Szolnok Vasas II Southwest Dunaföldvár Dunaújváros Érd Fehérvár II Ferencváros II Gárdony Iváncsa Kaposvár Majos Mohács MTK Budapest II Nagykanizsa Paks II PEAC Szekszárd Szentlőrinc Former teams Andráshida Balassagyarmat Balatonlelle Bánk Békéscsaba II Budafok BVSC-Zugló Dabas-Gyón DVTK Dunaharaszti Gerjen Győr Gyula Hajdúszoboszló Hévíz Jászberény Kecskemét Kisvárda Kozármisleny Lipót Makó Ménfőcsanak Mosonmagyarórvár Mórahalom Mór Nagyatád Nagykőrös Ózd Pápa Pécs Rákosmente Sajóbábony Sárvár Soproni VSE Soroksár Szabadkikötő Szegedi VSE Taksony Tállya Teskánd Tököl Üllő Vecsés Zsámbék This article about a Hungarian football club is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous_Athonite
Anonymous Athonite
["1 See also","2 References"]
Anonymous Athonite (also known in Serbia as Nepoznati Svetogorac; late 14th to mid-15th century) was Isaija the Monk's biographer and one of the many unidentified authors of Medieval works. It is assumed that he wrote "The Life of the Elder Isaiah" (Isaija) in the Russian monastery of St. Panteleimon Monastery on the Holy Mountain (Mount Athos), shortly after the death of Isaiah, since he was well acquainted with various moments of the youth and monastic life of Isaiah, being his contemporary and perhaps his colleague or disciple as well. The text is known from a transcript from the 15th century, located at Hilandar Monastery. Another work is attributed to him, the translation of the Books of Kings, in 1415. See also Lazarević dynasty Battle of Kosovo Jefimija Princess Milica of Serbia Stefan Lazarević Teodosije Danilo II, Serbian Archbishop Stefan Dušan Elder Siluan Teodosije the Hilandarian (1246-1328), one of the most important Serbian writers in the Middle Ages, and the next great Athonite in the Serbian literature of the 13th century. Elder Grigorije (fl. 1310-1355), builder of Saint Archangels Monastery Antonije Bagaš (fl. 1356-1366), bought and restored the Agiou Pavlou monastery Lazar the Hilandarian (fl. 1404), the first known Serbian and Russian watchmaker Pachomius the Serb (fl. 1440s-1484), hagiographer of the Russian Church Miroslav Gospel Gabriel the Hilandarian Constantine of Kostenets Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus' Gregory Tsamblak Isaija the Monk Grigorije of Gornjak Radoslav's Gospel (Inok of Dalša) Rajčin Sudić Jakov of Serres Romylos of Vidin Marko Pećki Grigorije Vasilije Danilo III (patriarch) Isaija the Monk Jefrem (patriarch) References ^ Denkschriften. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 21 May 2019. ISBN 9783700165613. Retrieved 21 May 2019 – via Google Books. ^ Federici, F.; Tessicini, D. (20 November 2014). Translators, Interpreters, and Cultural Negotiators: Mediating and Communicating Power from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era. Springer. ISBN 9781137400048. Retrieved 21 May 2019 – via Google Books. Translated and adapted from Serbian Wikipedia's Nepoznati Svetogorac
[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Anonymous Athonite"}]
[]
[{"title":"Lazarević dynasty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarevi%C4%87_dynasty"},{"title":"Battle of Kosovo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo"},{"title":"Jefimija","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefimija"},{"title":"Princess Milica of Serbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Milica_of_Serbia"},{"title":"Stefan Lazarević","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Lazarevi%C4%87"},{"title":"Teodosije","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodosije"},{"title":"Danilo II, Serbian Archbishop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danilo_II,_Serbian_Archbishop"},{"title":"Stefan Dušan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an"},{"title":"Elder Siluan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Siluan"},{"title":"Teodosije the Hilandarian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodosije_the_Hilandarian"},{"title":"Elder Grigorije","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Grigorije"},{"title":"Antonije Bagaš","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonije_Baga%C5%A1"},{"title":"Lazar the Hilandarian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazar_the_Hilandarian"},{"title":"Pachomius the Serb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachomius_the_Serb"},{"title":"Miroslav Gospel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miroslav_Gospel"},{"title":"Gabriel the Hilandarian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_the_Hilandarian"},{"title":"Constantine of Kostenets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_of_Kostenets"},{"title":"Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprian,_Metropolitan_of_Kiev"},{"title":"Gregory Tsamblak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Tsamblak"},{"title":"Isaija the Monk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaija_the_Monk"},{"title":"Grigorije of Gornjak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigorije_of_Gornjak"},{"title":"Radoslav's Gospel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radoslav%27s_Gospel"},{"title":"Rajčin Sudić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj%C4%8Din_Sudi%C4%87"},{"title":"Jakov of Serres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakov_of_Serres"},{"title":"Romylos of Vidin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romylos_of_Vidin"},{"title":"Marko Pećki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marko_Pe%C4%87ki"},{"title":"Grigorije Vasilije","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigorije_Vasilije"},{"title":"Danilo III (patriarch)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danilo_III_(patriarch)"},{"title":"Isaija the Monk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaija_the_Monk"},{"title":"Jefrem (patriarch)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefrem_(patriarch)"}]
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[{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=mfETAQAAMAAJ&dq=anonymous+athonite:+isaija+the+monk&q=+isaiahe","external_links_name":"Denkschriften"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=HBC-BQAAQBAJ&pg=PT22&dq=Resava+School#q=Resava+School","external_links_name":"Translators, Interpreters, and Cultural Negotiators: Mediating and Communicating Power from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era"},{"Link":"https://sr.wikipedia.org/sr-ec/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86","external_links_name":"Translated and adapted from Serbian Wikipedia's Nepoznati Svetogorac"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_bun
Bun (hairstyle)
["1 Double bun","2 Bun or top knot hairstyle in men","2.1 Rishi knot","2.2 Man bun","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"]
Type of hairstyle This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Bun" hairstyle – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) A donut bun with the base a half-finished donut bun; the loose hair that comes out of it (around the base of the bun) is plaited into a half or full Dutch braid; the end of the braid is wrapped around the bun and finally tucked under and hidden A bun is a type of hairstyle in which the hair is pulled back from the face, twisted or plaited, and wrapped in a circular coil around itself, typically on top or back of the head or just above the neck. A bun can be secured with a hair tie, barrette, bobby pins, one or more hair sticks, a hairnet, or a pen or pencil. Hair may also be wrapped around a piece called a "rat". Alternatively, hair bun inserts, or sometimes rolled up socks, may also be used to create donut-shaped buns. Buns may be tightly gathered, or loose and more informal. Double bun On the left is the "odango" hairstyle, and on the right is the "odango with pigtails" hairstyle. Double or pigtail buns are often called odango (お団子), which is also a type of Japanese dumpling (usually called dango; the o- is honorific). The term odango in Japanese can refer to any variety of bun hairstyle. In China, the hairstyle is called niújiǎotóu (牛角头). It was a commonly used hairstyle up until the early 20th century, and can still be seen today when traditional attire is used. This hairstyle differs from the odango slightly in that it is gender neutral; Chinese paintings of children have frequently depicted girls as having matching ox horns, while boys have a single bun in the back. In the United States they are called Side Buns, also known as "Space Buns", and were a popular festival hair trend in the 1990s. Today they have become mainstream. Star Wars: The Force Awakens had Rey debut a "triple bun" hairstyle. Bun or top knot hairstyle in men A Sikh boy with a rishi knot wearing a patka. Footballer Gareth Bale wearing a man-bun during a match in 2015. Men in ancient China wore their hair in a topknot bun (Touji 頭髻); visual depictions of this can be seen on the terracotta soldiers. They were worn until the end of the Ming Dynasty in AD 1644, after which the Qing Dynasty government forced men to adopt the Manchu queue hairstyle (queue order). Men of the Joseon Era of Korea wore the sangtu as a symbol of marriage. 16th century Japanese men wore the chonmage for samurai warriors and sumo wrestlers. In the west, topknots were frequently worn by "barbarian" peoples in the eyes of the Romans, such as the Goths, Vandals, and the Lombards. Later, the hairstyle survived in the pagan Scandinavian north (some believe the topknot hairstyle contains elements of Odinic cult worship) and with the eastern nomadic tribes such as the Bulgars, Cumans and Cossacks. Historical examples of men with long hair using this style include: The Hindu deity Shiva 6th-7th century BC — Buddha 3rd century BC — Terracotta Warriors of China Rishi knot The rishi (sage) knot is a topknot worn by Sikhi boys and men as a religious practice, in which the hair is formed into a bun. In the Sikh tradition, a turban is then worn atop the bun. This hairstyle is also known as joora, and has been traditionally worn by Hindu mendicants. Man bun The man-bun is a topknot worn by long-haired men in the Western world. In London, the modern man-bun style may have begun around 2010, although David Beckham sported one earlier. The first Google Trends examples started to appear in 2013, and searches showed a steep increase through 2015. Some of the first celebrities to wear the style were George Harrison, Jared Leto, Joakim Noah, Chris Hemsworth, Leonardo DiCaprio, Scot Pollard, and Orlando Bloom. The hairstyle is also associated with Brooklyn hipsters. See also List of hairstyles Bantu knot Chignon Guanli, the traditional Chinese coming of age ceremony, after which men ceased to trim their hair and wore it as a bun or topknot References ^ "Hair Rats: Creating Voluminous, Perfect Buns". Bouffants and Beehives. August 3, 2012. ^ "Hair Rats". Pin Curl Magazine. 2010-05-01. Archived from the original on 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2018-05-18. ^ Lowery, Allison (2013). "Appendix 1, Glossary of Hairstyling Terms". Historical Wig Styling: Ancient Egypt to the 1830s. Taylor & Francis. p. 259. ISBN 9780240821238. ^ "颜值自信者请进!学扎明星同款牛角头". 爱美女性网. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2016. ^ Kim, Monica (16 December 2015). "Is Daisy Ridley's Star Wars Hair Making Its Way From the Big Screen to the Street?". vogue.com. Rey's triple bun is the latest evolution in Star Wars hair history—after Leia's twin buns and Padmé's black Kabuki wig—and it puts a surprisingly modern spin on interstellar style. And so we wondered: Like the Katniss Everdeen braid and the Mad Max buzz cut before it, could the Star Wars triple bun become the next cinematic hairstyle with crossover appeal to hit the streets? ^ Levete, Sarah (15 August 2009). Preparing to come of age. Rosen Publishing. p. 30. ISBN 9781435853508. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) ^ "Officially Selected Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of the State of Kansas". Vol. 1. Court of Appeals of Kansas. 1977. p. 497. The man shall tie his hair in a Rishi knot on the crown of his head to be covered by a cotton cloth known as a turban whenever in public. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help) ^ Hume, Lynne (24 October 2013). The Religious Life of Dress: Global Fashion and Faith. A&C Black. p. 97. ISBN 9781472567475. ^ Cochrane, Lauren (2013-10-16). "Man buns: a hair-raising trend". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-07-12. ^ Edwards, Phil (2015-09-22). "Man buns, explained". Vox. Retrieved 2017-07-12. External links Media related to Bun hairstyle at Wikimedia Commons The dictionary definition of bun (hairstyle) at Wiktionary vteHuman hairClassificationby type Lanugo Body Terminal Vellus by location Body Ear Nose Eyebrow unibrow Eyelash Underarm Chest Abdominal Pubic Leg Head hairstyles(list) Afro Afro puffs Asymmetric cut Bald Bangs Beehive Big hair Blowout Bob cut Bouffant Bowl cut Braid Brush, butch, burr cut Bun (odango) Bunches Businessman cut Butterfly haircut Buzz cut Caesar cut Chignon Chonmage Comb over Conk Cornrows Crew cut Crochet braids Croydon facelift Curly hair Curtained hair Czupryna Devilock Dido flip Digital perm Dreadlocks Ducktail Edgar cut Eton crop Extensions Fauxhawk Feathered hair Finger wave Flattop Fontange French braid French twist Fringe Frosted tips Hair crimping Hair twists High and tight Hime cut Historical Christian hairstyles Hi-top fade Induction cut Ivy League, Harvard, Princeton cut Japanese women Jewfro Jheri curl Kinky hair Kiss curl Laid edges Layered hair Liberty spikes Long hair Lob cut Lovelock Marcelling Mod cut Mohawk Mullet 1950s 1980s Pageboy Part Payot Pigtail Pixie cut Pompadour Ponytail Punch perm Professional cut Queue Quiff Rattail Razor cut Regular haircut Ringlets Shag Shape-up Shikha Shimada Short back and sides Short brush cut Short hair Spiky hair Straight hair Standard haircut Step cut Surfer hair Taper cut Temple fade Titus cut Tonsure Updo Undercut Victory rolls Waves Widow's peak Wings Facial hair(list) Beard Chinstrap Goatee Ned Kelly Shenandoah Soul patch Van Dyke Moustache Fu Manchu handlebar horseshoe pencil toothbrush walrus Designer stubble Sideburns Hair subtractioncosmetic Removal waxing threading plucking chemical electric laser IPL Shaving head leg cream brush soap Razor electric safety straight disorders Alopecia areata totalis universalis Frictional alopecia Pattern hair loss Hypertrichosis Management Trichophilia Trichotillomania Pogonophobia Haircare products Brush Clay Clipper Comb Conditioner Dryer Gel Hairstyling products Hot comb Iron Mousse Pomade Relaxer Rollers Shampoo Spray Volumizer Wax Haircare techniques Backcombing Hair coloring Crimping Curly Girl Method Hair cutting Perm Shampoo and set Straightening Health and medical Greying of hair Hair follicle Hair growth Trichology Related Beard and haircut laws by country Bearded lady Barber (pole) Eponymous hairstyle Frizz Good hair Hairdresser list Hair fetishism
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A bun can be secured with a hair tie, barrette, bobby pins, one or more hair sticks, a hairnet, or a pen or pencil. Hair may also be wrapped around a piece called a \"rat\".[1][2] Alternatively, hair bun inserts, or sometimes rolled up socks, may also be used to create donut-shaped buns. Buns may be tightly gathered, or loose and more informal.","title":"Bun (hairstyle)"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Odango-estilos.svg"},{"link_name":"pigtail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigtail"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Japanese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language"},{"link_name":"dumpling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumpling"},{"link_name":"dango","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dango"},{"link_name":"China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"paintings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"Star Wars: The Force Awakens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens"},{"link_name":"Rey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rey_(Star_Wars)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"On the left is the \"odango\" hairstyle, and on the right is the \"odango with pigtails\" hairstyle.Double or pigtail buns are often called odango (お団子),[3] which is also a type of Japanese dumpling (usually called dango; the o- is honorific).The term odango in Japanese can refer to any variety of bun hairstyle.In China, the hairstyle is called niújiǎotóu (牛角头).[4] It was a commonly used hairstyle up until the early 20th century, and can still be seen today when traditional attire is used. This hairstyle differs from the odango slightly in that it is gender neutral; Chinese paintings of children have frequently depicted girls as having matching ox horns, while boys have a single bun in the back.In the United States they are called Side Buns, also known as \"Space Buns\", and were a popular festival hair trend in the 1990s. Today they have become mainstream.Star Wars: The Force Awakens had Rey debut a \"triple bun\" hairstyle.[5]","title":"Double bun"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sikh_patka.PNG"},{"link_name":"patka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patka"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gareth_Bale_2015_(9).jpg"},{"link_name":"Gareth Bale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gareth_Bale"},{"link_name":"Touji","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanfu#Style"},{"link_name":"terracotta soldiers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terracotta_army"},{"link_name":"Ming Dynasty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynasty"},{"link_name":"Qing Dynasty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_Dynasty"},{"link_name":"queue hairstyle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queue_(hairstyle)"},{"link_name":"Joseon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseon"},{"link_name":"chonmage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chonmage"},{"link_name":"samurai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samurai"},{"link_name":"sumo wrestlers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo_wrestler"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Goths","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goths"},{"link_name":"Vandals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandals"},{"link_name":"Lombards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombards"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Scandinavian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Bulgars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgars"},{"link_name":"Cumans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumans"},{"link_name":"Cossacks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossacks"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Shiva","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva"},{"link_name":"Buddha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha"},{"link_name":"Terracotta Warriors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terracotta_Warriors"}],"text":"A Sikh boy with a rishi knot wearing a patka.Footballer Gareth Bale wearing a man-bun during a match in 2015.Men in ancient China wore their hair in a topknot bun (Touji 頭髻); visual depictions of this can be seen on the terracotta soldiers. They were worn until the end of the Ming Dynasty in AD 1644, after which the Qing Dynasty government forced men to adopt the Manchu queue hairstyle (queue order).Men of the Joseon Era of Korea wore the sangtu as a symbol of marriage. 16th century Japanese men wore the chonmage for samurai warriors and sumo wrestlers. [citation needed] In the west, topknots were frequently worn by \"barbarian\" peoples in the eyes of the Romans, such as the Goths, Vandals, and the Lombards.[citation needed] Later, the hairstyle survived in the pagan Scandinavian north (some believe the topknot hairstyle contains elements of Odinic cult worship)[citation needed] and with the eastern nomadic tribes such as the Bulgars, Cumans and Cossacks.[citation needed]Historical examples of men with long hair using this style include:The Hindu deity Shiva\n6th-7th century BC — Buddha\n3rd century BC — Terracotta Warriors of China","title":"Bun or top knot hairstyle in men"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"rishi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishi"},{"link_name":"Sikhi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhism"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Levete2009-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-KansasCoA1977-7"},{"link_name":"Hindu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lynne2013-8"}],"sub_title":"Rishi knot","text":"The rishi (sage) knot is a topknot worn by Sikhi boys and men as a religious practice, in which the hair is formed into a bun. In the Sikh tradition, a turban is then worn atop the bun.[6][7] This hairstyle is also known as joora, and has been traditionally worn by Hindu mendicants.[8]","title":"Bun or top knot hairstyle in men"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Western world","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_world"},{"link_name":"David Beckham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Beckham"},{"link_name":"Google Trends","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Trends"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"George Harrison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Harrison"},{"link_name":"Jared Leto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Leto"},{"link_name":"Joakim Noah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joakim_Noah"},{"link_name":"Chris Hemsworth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hemsworth"},{"link_name":"Leonardo DiCaprio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio"},{"link_name":"Scot Pollard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scot_Pollard"},{"link_name":"Orlando Bloom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Bloom"},{"link_name":"hipsters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipster_(contemporary_subculture)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"sub_title":"Man bun","text":"The man-bun is a topknot worn by long-haired men in the Western world. In London, the modern man-bun style may have begun around 2010, although David Beckham sported one earlier. The first Google Trends examples started to appear in 2013, and searches showed a steep increase through 2015.[9] Some of the first celebrities to wear the style were George Harrison, Jared Leto, Joakim Noah, Chris Hemsworth, Leonardo DiCaprio, Scot Pollard, and Orlando Bloom. The hairstyle is also associated with Brooklyn hipsters.[10]","title":"Bun or top knot hairstyle in men"}]
[{"image_text":"A donut bun with the base a half-finished donut bun; the loose hair that comes out of it (around the base of the bun) is plaited into a half or full Dutch braid; the end of the braid is wrapped around the bun and finally tucked under and hidden","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Circumbraided_Donut_Bun.JPG/220px-Circumbraided_Donut_Bun.JPG"},{"image_text":"On the left is the \"odango\" hairstyle, and on the right is the \"odango with pigtails\" hairstyle.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Odango-estilos.svg/220px-Odango-estilos.svg.png"},{"image_text":"A Sikh boy with a rishi knot wearing a patka.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/47/Sikh_patka.PNG"},{"image_text":"Footballer Gareth Bale wearing a man-bun during a match in 2015.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Gareth_Bale_2015_%289%29.jpg/220px-Gareth_Bale_2015_%289%29.jpg"}]
[{"title":"List of hairstyles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hairstyles"},{"title":"Bantu knot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_knot"},{"title":"Chignon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)"},{"title":"Guanli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanli"}]
[{"reference":"\"Hair Rats: Creating Voluminous, Perfect Buns\". Bouffants and Beehives. August 3, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bouffantsandbeehives.com/2012/08/hair-rats-creating-voluminous-perfect.html","url_text":"\"Hair Rats: Creating Voluminous, Perfect Buns\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hair Rats\". Pin Curl Magazine. 2010-05-01. Archived from the original on 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2018-05-18.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180801224238/http://pincurlmag.com/hair-rats","url_text":"\"Hair Rats\""},{"url":"http://pincurlmag.com/hair-rats","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Lowery, Allison (2013). \"Appendix 1, Glossary of Hairstyling Terms\". Historical Wig Styling: Ancient Egypt to the 1830s. Taylor & Francis. p. 259. ISBN 9780240821238.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=rVtozeSVtcwC&pg=PA259","url_text":"\"Appendix 1, Glossary of Hairstyling Terms\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780240821238","url_text":"9780240821238"}]},{"reference":"\"颜值自信者请进!学扎明星同款牛角头\". 爱美女性网. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170202002334/http://m.lady8844.com/fx/201601/1735249_all.html","url_text":"\"颜值自信者请进!学扎明星同款牛角头\""},{"url":"http://m.lady8844.com/fx/201601/1735249_all.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Kim, Monica (16 December 2015). \"Is Daisy Ridley's Star Wars Hair Making Its Way From the Big Screen to the Street?\". vogue.com. Rey's triple bun is the latest evolution in Star Wars hair history—after Leia's twin buns and Padmé's black Kabuki wig—and it puts a surprisingly modern spin on interstellar style. And so we wondered: Like the Katniss Everdeen braid and the Mad Max buzz cut before it, could the Star Wars triple bun become the next cinematic hairstyle with crossover appeal to hit the streets?","urls":[{"url":"https://www.vogue.com/article/star-wars-hair-daisy-ridley-rey-triple-bun","url_text":"\"Is Daisy Ridley's Star Wars Hair Making Its Way From the Big Screen to the Street?\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogue.com","url_text":"vogue.com"}]},{"reference":"Levete, Sarah (15 August 2009). Preparing to come of age. Rosen Publishing. p. 30. ISBN 9781435853508.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/comingofage0000leve/page/30","url_text":"Preparing to come of age"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosen_Publishing","url_text":"Rosen Publishing"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/comingofage0000leve/page/30","url_text":"30"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781435853508","url_text":"9781435853508"}]},{"reference":"\"Officially Selected Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of Appeals of the State of Kansas\". Vol. 1. Court of Appeals of Kansas. 1977. p. 497. The man shall tie his hair in a Rishi knot on the crown of his head to be covered by a cotton cloth known as a turban whenever in public.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_of_Kansas","url_text":"Court of Appeals of Kansas"}]},{"reference":"Hume, Lynne (24 October 2013). The Religious Life of Dress: Global Fashion and Faith. A&C Black. p. 97. ISBN 9781472567475.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472567475","url_text":"9781472567475"}]},{"reference":"Cochrane, Lauren (2013-10-16). \"Man buns: a hair-raising trend\". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-07-12.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2013/oct/16/man-buns-hair-trend-jake-gyllenhaal","url_text":"\"Man buns: a hair-raising trend\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"}]},{"reference":"Edwards, Phil (2015-09-22). \"Man buns, explained\". Vox. Retrieved 2017-07-12.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.vox.com/2015/9/22/9370895/man-buns","url_text":"\"Man buns, explained\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vox_(website)","url_text":"Vox"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalaxmi_Iyer
Nehalaxmi Iyer
["1 Personal life","2 Career","3 Filmography","3.1 Television","3.2 Web series","4 Award and nominations","5 References","6 External links"]
Indian television actress (born 1995) Nehlaxmi JoshiBorn8 November 1995Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaNationalityIndianOccupation(s)Actress, DancerYears active2000—presentKnown forIshqbaaaz Qubool Hai Sasural Simar Ka Dil Boley Oberoi Qubool Hai 2.0Spouse Rudraysh Joshi ​(m. 2024)​ParentsVinay Hariharan (father)Anjana Vinay (mother)RelativesSagar Iyer (brother) Nehlaxmi Joshi previously named Nehalaxmi Iyer is an Indian television actress. She is known for playing the role of Najma Ahmed Khan in Qubool Hai (2012–14) and the lead role of Saumya Kapoor in Ishqbaaaz (2016–18) and in its spin-off series Dil Boley Oberoi (2017) She then entered the web series arena with Bhalla calling Bhalla & Qubool Hai 2.0 (where she reprised her role of Najma) on Zee5. She also has her own YouTube channel Personal life She is born and brought up in Mumbai. She married her long term boyfriend Rudraysh Joshii on February 26, 2024 with South Indian and Marathi rituals. Career Nehlaxmi Joshi started her acting career at the age of 2 with advertisements. Her first TV show as a child artist was Banegi Apni Baat on Zee TV. She was seen in the role of Najma in Zee TV's Qubool Hai. She played Surbhi in Sasural Simar Ka on Colors. She played Saumya, a main lead in Star Plus's 2016 drama Ishqbaaaz, and its spin-off Dil Boley Oberoi (2017) In 2020, she starred in Zee5's dramedy lockdown special show Bhalla Calling Bhalla playing Neha. In 2021, she reprised her role as Najma in the Qubool Hai 2.0 reboot web series. Filmography Television Year Title Role Ref (s) 1996–1997 Banegi Apni Baat N/A 2009–2010 Na Aana Is Des Laado Gunja 2010–2011 Krishnaben Khakhrawala Divya 2012 Mujhse Kuchh Kehti... Yeh Khamoshiyaanl Payal 2012–2014 Qubool Hai Najma Ahmed Khan / Najma Imran Qureshi 2014 Sasural Simar Ka Surbhi Ahuja (Pari Bharadwaj's younger sister) 2016–2018 Ishqbaaaz Saumya Kapoor 2017 Dil Boley Oberoi Web series Year Title Role Network Ref (s) 2020 Bhalla Calling Bhalla Neha ZEE5 2021 Qubool Hai 2.0 Najma ZEE5 Award and nominations Year Award Category Result 2013 Favorite Behen Zee Rishtey Awards Nominated 2017 Award of Excellence ALL Ladies League Won References ^ "Qubool Hai: Zoya unravels the mystery of 'T - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 December 2016. ^ "TV industry no longer defined by body type: Nehalaxmi Ihhhjyer". 23 July 2016. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016. ^ a b c d e "Ishqbaaaz actor Nehalaxmi Iyer is in love, see pics of the cute couple - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 December 2016. ^ "Leenesh Mattoo turns fitness guru for Nehalaxmi Iyer - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 December 2016. ^ "ZEE5's Bhalla Calling Bhalla: Depicts New Ways of Shooting During Lockdown". ^ "Nehalaxmi Iyer as Najma". External links Nehalaxmi Iyer at IMDb
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Qubool Hai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubool_Hai"},{"link_name":"Ishqbaaaz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishqbaaaz"},{"link_name":"Dil Boley Oberoi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dil_Boley_Oberoi"}],"text":"Nehlaxmi Joshi previously named Nehalaxmi Iyer is an Indian television actress. She is known for playing the role of Najma Ahmed Khan in Qubool Hai (2012–14) and the lead role of Saumya Kapoor in Ishqbaaaz (2016–18) and in its spin-off series Dil Boley Oberoi (2017)She then entered the web series arena with Bhalla calling Bhalla & Qubool Hai 2.0 (where she reprised her role of Najma) on Zee5.She also has her own YouTube channel","title":"Nehalaxmi Iyer"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mumbai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"She is born and brought up in Mumbai.[citation needed]She married her long term boyfriend Rudraysh Joshii on February 26, 2024 with South Indian and Marathi rituals.","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"acting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acting"},{"link_name":"Banegi Apni Baat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banegi_Apni_Baat"},{"link_name":"Zee TV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zee_TV"},{"link_name":"Zee TV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zee_TV"},{"link_name":"Qubool Hai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubool_Hai"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Sasural Simar Ka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasural_Simar_Ka"},{"link_name":"Colors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colors_(TV_channel)"},{"link_name":"Ishqbaaaz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishqbaaaz"},{"link_name":"Dil Boley Oberoi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dil_Boley_Oberoi"}],"text":"Nehlaxmi Joshi started her acting career at the age of 2 with advertisements. Her first TV show as a child artist was Banegi Apni Baat on Zee TV. She was seen in the role of Najma in Zee TV's Qubool Hai.[1] She played Surbhi in Sasural Simar Ka on Colors.She played Saumya, a main lead in Star Plus's 2016 drama Ishqbaaaz, and its spin-off Dil Boley Oberoi (2017)In 2020, she starred in Zee5's dramedy lockdown special show Bhalla Calling Bhalla playing Neha.In 2021, she reprised her role as Najma in the Qubool Hai 2.0 reboot web series.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Television","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Web series","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Award and nominations"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"Qubool Hai: Zoya unravels the mystery of 'T - Times of India\". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 December 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Will-Moti-Masjid-Mein-Muqaddar-Ka-Khel-decide-Asad-Zoya-and-Ayaans-fate/articleshow/22456137.cms","url_text":"\"Qubool Hai: Zoya unravels the mystery of 'T - Times of India\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India","url_text":"The Times of India"}]},{"reference":"\"TV industry no longer defined by body type: Nehalaxmi Ihhhjyer\". 23 July 2016. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161220050033/http://www.abplive.in/television/tv-industry-no-longer-defined-by-body-type-nehalaxmi-iyer-385779","url_text":"\"TV industry no longer defined by body type: Nehalaxmi Ihhhjyer\""},{"url":"http://www.abplive.in/television/tv-industry-no-longer-defined-by-body-type-nehalaxmi-iyer-385779","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Ishqbaaaz actor Nehalaxmi Iyer is in love, see pics of the cute couple - Times of India\". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 December 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ishqbaaaz-actor-Nehalaxmi-Iyer-is-in-love-see-pics-of-the-cute-couple/articleshow/53640884.cms","url_text":"\"Ishqbaaaz actor Nehalaxmi Iyer is in love, see pics of the cute couple - Times of India\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India","url_text":"The Times of India"}]},{"reference":"\"Leenesh Mattoo turns fitness guru for Nehalaxmi Iyer - Times of India\". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 December 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Leenesh-Mattoo-turns-fitness-guru-for-Nehalaxmi-Iyer/articleshow/55223391.cms","url_text":"\"Leenesh Mattoo turns fitness guru for Nehalaxmi Iyer - Times of India\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India","url_text":"The Times of India"}]},{"reference":"\"ZEE5's Bhalla Calling Bhalla: Depicts New Ways of Shooting During Lockdown\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/news-digital/zee5s-bhalla-calling-bhalla-depicts-new-ways-shooting-lockdown/2020/05/20","url_text":"\"ZEE5's Bhalla Calling Bhalla: Depicts New Ways of Shooting During Lockdown\""}]},{"reference":"\"Nehalaxmi Iyer as Najma\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.filmibeat.com/television/web-series/karan-singh-grover-and-i-are-very-close-qubool-hai-2-0-s-nehalaxmi-iyer-311079.html","url_text":"\"Nehalaxmi Iyer as Najma\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studenec_(Semily_District)
Studenec (Semily District)
["1 Administrative parts","2 Geography","3 History","4 Demographics","5 Transport","6 Sights","7 Notable people","8 Twin towns – sister cities","9 References","10 External links"]
Coordinates: 50°33′13″N 15°32′58″E / 50.55361°N 15.54944°E / 50.55361; 15.54944Municipality in Liberec, Czech RepublicStudenecMunicipalityMain road and Church of Saint John the Baptist FlagCoat of armsStudenecLocation in the Czech RepublicCoordinates: 50°33′13″N 15°32′58″E / 50.55361°N 15.54944°E / 50.55361; 15.54944Country Czech RepublicRegionLiberecDistrictSemilyFirst mentioned1395Area • Total16.87 km2 (6.51 sq mi)Elevation514 m (1,686 ft)Population (2024-01-01) • Total1,844 • Density110/km2 (280/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Postal codes512 33, 514 01Websitewww.studenec.cz Studenec is a municipality and village in Semily District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,800 inhabitants. Administrative parts The villages of Rovnáčov and Zálesní Lhota are administrative parts of Studenec. Geography Studenec is located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Liberec. It lies in the Giant Mountains Foothills. The highest point is the hill Stráž at 630 m (2,070 ft) above sea level. The Oleška River originates in Rovnáčov and flows through the municipality. History According to chronicles, in the 11th century, the hill Stráž (literally 'guard') under its Latin name Custodius was a guarding point near a trade route. The first written mention of Studenec is from 1395, when it was administered by the nearby Levín Castle. From the early 16th century until 1584, Studenec was a property of the noble Trčka of Lípa family. Another notable owner was Albrecht von Wallenstein, who bought it in 1628, but sold it shortly afterwards. In the 19th century, the domestic textile production rapidly expanded and Studenec became nicknamed "village of weavers". At the beginning of the 20th century, the village had 2,500 inhabitants and more than 1,200 looms worked in cottages. With the development of industrial production, domestic weaving gradually disappeared. However, its tradition led to the establishment of a weaving mill in 1911, which grew into one of the most important textile companies in pre-war Czechoslovakia under the brand Fejfar & Mládek. Demographics Historical populationYearPop.±%18693,667—    18803,520−4.0%18903,534+0.4%19003,411−3.5%19103,088−9.5%YearPop.±%19212,768−10.4%19302,812+1.6%19501,837−34.7%19611,899+3.4%19701,945+2.4%YearPop.±%19801,873−3.7%19911,712−8.6%20011,704−0.5%20111,778+4.3%20211,854+4.3%Source: Censuses Transport There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality. Sights The main landmark of Studenec is the Church of Saint John the Baptist. Its current Neo-Romanesque form dates from 1868. Notable people Jiří Šlitr (1924–1969), songwriter, pianist, singer, actor Květa Jeriová (born 1956), cross-country skier Twin towns – sister cities See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic Studenec is twinned with: Zuberec, Slovakia References ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 2024-05-17. ^ a b "Historie" (in Czech). Obec Studenec. Retrieved 2022-06-24. ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869–2011: Okres Semily". Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21. pp. 11–12. ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27. ^ "Kostel sv. Jana Křtitele" (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 2022-06-24. ^ "Odkazy" (in Czech). Obec Studenec. Retrieved 2022-06-24. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Studenec (Semily District). Official website vteTowns, market towns and villages of Semily District Bělá Benecko Benešov u Semil Bozkov Bradlecká Lhota Bukovina u Čisté Bystrá nad Jizerou Chuchelna Čistá u Horek Háje nad Jizerou Holenice Horka u Staré Paky Horní Branná Hrubá Skála Jablonec nad Jizerou Jesenný Jestřabí v Krkonoších Jilemnice Kacanovy Karlovice Klokočí Košťálov Kruh Ktová Levínská Olešnice Libštát Lomnice nad Popelkou Loučky Martinice v Krkonoších Mírová pod Kozákovem Modřišice Mříčná Nová Ves nad Popelkou Ohrazenice Olešnice Paseky nad Jizerou Peřimov Poniklá Přepeře Příkrý Radostná pod Kozákovem Rakousy Rokytnice nad Jizerou Roprachtice Rovensko pod Troskami Roztoky u Jilemnice Roztoky u Semil Semily Slaná Stružinec Studenec Svojek Syřenov Tatobity Troskovice Turnov Veselá Víchová nad Jizerou Vítkovice Všeň Vyskeř Vysoké nad Jizerou Záhoří Žernov Authority control databases International VIAF National Czech Republic
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Semily District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semily_District"},{"link_name":"Liberec Region","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberec_Region"},{"link_name":"Czech Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic"}],"text":"Municipality in Liberec, Czech RepublicStudenec is a municipality and village in Semily District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,800 inhabitants.","title":"Studenec (Semily District)"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"The villages of Rovnáčov and Zálesní Lhota are administrative parts of Studenec.","title":"Administrative parts"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Liberec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberec"},{"link_name":"Giant Mountains Foothills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giant_Mountains_Foothills&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"Studenec is located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Liberec. It lies in the Giant Mountains Foothills. The highest point is the hill Stráž at 630 m (2,070 ft) above sea level. The Oleška River originates in Rovnáčov and flows through the municipality.","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Albrecht von Wallenstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_von_Wallenstein"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-history-2"},{"link_name":"looms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loom"},{"link_name":"pre-war Czechoslovakia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-history-2"}],"text":"According to chronicles, in the 11th century, the hill Stráž (literally 'guard') under its Latin name Custodius was a guarding point near a trade route. The first written mention of Studenec is from 1395, when it was administered by the nearby Levín Castle. From the early 16th century until 1584, Studenec was a property of the noble Trčka of Lípa family. Another notable owner was Albrecht von Wallenstein, who bought it in 1628, but sold it shortly afterwards.[2]In the 19th century, the domestic textile production rapidly expanded and Studenec became nicknamed \"village of weavers\". At the beginning of the 20th century, the village had 2,500 inhabitants and more than 1,200 looms worked in cottages. With the development of industrial production, domestic weaving gradually disappeared. However, its tradition led to the establishment of a weaving mill in 1911, which grew into one of the most important textile companies in pre-war Czechoslovakia under the brand Fejfar & Mládek.[2]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.","title":"Transport"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"The main landmark of Studenec is the Church of Saint John the Baptist. Its current Neo-Romanesque form dates from 1868.[5]","title":"Sights"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jiří Šlitr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_%C5%A0litr"},{"link_name":"Květa Jeriová","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kv%C4%9Bta_Jeriov%C3%A1"}],"text":"Jiří Šlitr (1924–1969), songwriter, pianist, singer, actor\nKvěta Jeriová (born 1956), cross-country skier","title":"Notable people"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_the_Czech_Republic"},{"link_name":"twinned","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_city"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia"},{"link_name":"Zuberec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuberec"}],"text":"See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech RepublicStudenec is twinned with:[6]Zuberec, Slovakia","title":"Twin towns – sister cities"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_European_Indoor_Championships_in_Athletics
1987 European Athletics Indoor Championships
["1 Medal summary","1.1 Men","1.2 Women","2 Medal table","3 Participating nations","4 See also","5 External links"]
International athletics championship event1987 European Athletics Indoor ChampionshipsDates21–22 FebruaryHost cityLiévin FranceVenueStade Couvert RégionalEvents24Participation344 athletes from 26 nations← 1986 Madrid 1988 Budapest → The 1987 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held at Stade Couvert Régional in Liévin, France, on 21 and 22 February 1987. Medal summary Men Event Gold Silver Bronze 60 metresdetails  Marian Woronin (POL) 6.51 CR  Pierfrancesco Pavoni (ITA) 6.58  František Ptáčník (TCH) Antonio Ullo (ITA) 6.61 200 metresdetails  Bruno Marie-Rose (FRA) 20.36 WR-CR  Vladimir Krylov (URS) 20.53  John Regis (GBR) 20.54 400 metresdetails  Todd Bennett (GBR) 46.81  Momchil Kharizanov (BUL) 46.89  Paul Harmsworth (GBR) 46.92 800 metresdetails  Rob Druppers (NED) 1:48.12  Vladimir Graudyn (URS) 1:49.14  Ari Suhonen (FIN) 1:49.56 1500 metresdetails  Han Kulker (NED) 3:44.79  Jens-Peter Herold (GDR) 3:45.36  Klaus-Peter Nabein (FRG) 3:45.84 3000 metresdetails  José Luis González (ESP) 7:52.27  Dieter Baumann (FRG) 7:53.93  Pascal Thiébaut (FRA) 7:54.03 60 metres hurdlesdetails  Arto Bryggare (FIN) 7.59  Colin Jackson (GBR) 7.63  Nigel Walker (GBR) 7.65 5000 metres walkdetails  Jozef Pribilinec (TCH) 19:08.44 CR  Ronald Weigel (GDR) 19:08.93  Roman Mrázek (TCH) 19:10.77 High jumpdetails  Patrik Sjöberg (SWE) 2.38 CR  Carlo Thränhardt (FRG) 2.36  Hennadiy Avdyeyenko (URS) 2.36 Pole vaultdetails  Thierry Vigneron (FRA) 5.85 =CR  Ferenc Salbert (FRA) 5.85  Marian Kolasa (POL) 5.80 Long jumpdetails  Robert Emmiyan (URS) 8.49 CR  Giovanni Evangelisti (ITA) 8.26  Christian Thomas (FRG) 8.12 Triple jumpdetails  Serge Hélan (FRA) 17.15  Khristo Markov (BUL) 17.12  Nikolay Musiyenko (URS) 17.00 Shot putdetails  Ulf Timmermann (GDR) 22.19 CR  Werner Günthör (SUI) 21.53  Sergey Smirnov (URS) 20.97 Women Event Gold Silver Bronze 60 metresdetails  Nelli Fiere-Cooman (NED) 7.01  Anelia Nuneva (BUL) 7.06  Marlies Göhr (GDR) 7.12 200 metresdetails  Kirsten Emmelmann (GDR) 23.10  Blanca Lacambra (ESP) 23.19  Marie-Christine Cazier (FRA) 23.40 400 metresdetails  Mariya Pinigina (URS) 51.27  Gisela Kinzel (FRG) 52.29  Cristina Pérez (ESP) 52.63 800 metresdetails  Christine Wachtel (GDR) 1:59.89  Sigrun Wodars (GDR) 2:00.59  Lyubov Kiryukhina (URS) 2:01.85 1500 metresdetails  Sandra Gasser (SUI) 4:08.76  Svetlana Kitova (URS) 4:09.01  Ivana Walterová (TCH) 4:09.09 3000 metresdetails  Yvonne Murray (GBR) 8:46.06 CR  Elly van Hulst (NED) 8:51.40  Brigitte Kraus (FRG) 8:53.01 60 metres hurdlesdetails  Yordanka Donkova (BUL) 7.79  Gloria Uibel (GDR) 7.89  Ginka Zagorcheva (BUL) 7.92 3000 metres walkdetails  Natalya Dmitrochenko (URS) 12:57.29  Giuliana Salce (ITA) 12:59.11  Monica Gunnarsson (SWE) 13:06.46 High jumpdetails  Stefka Kostadinova (BUL) 1.97  Tamara Bykova (URS) 1.94  Susanne Beyer (GDR) Elżbieta Trylińska (POL) 1.91 Long jumpdetails  Heike Drechsler (GDR) 7.12  Galina Chistyakova (URS) 6.89  Yelena Belevskaya (URS) 6.76 Shot putdetails  Natalya Akhrimenko (URS) 20.84  Heidi Krieger (GDR) 20.02  Heike Hartwig (GDR) 20.00 Medal table RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal1 Soviet Union (URS)454132 East Germany (GDR)453123 France (FRA)31264 Netherlands (NED)31045 Bulgaria (BUL)23166 Great Britain (GBR)21257 Spain (ESP)11138 Switzerland (SUI)11029 Czechoslovakia (TCH)103410 Poland (POL)102311 Finland (FIN)1012 Sweden (SWE)101213 West Germany (FRG)033614 Italy (ITA)0314Totals (14 entries)24242472 Participating nations  Austria (7)  Belgium (13)  Bulgaria (18)  Cyprus (1)  Czechoslovakia (15)  Denmark (1)  East Germany (16)  Finland (12)  France (41)  Great Britain (26)  Greece (3)  Hungary (8)  Italy (25)  Netherlands (12)  Norway (3)  Poland (13)  Portugal (6)  Romania (3)  San Marino (1)  Soviet Union (23)  Spain (23)  Sweden (14)  Switzerland (11)  Turkey (2)  West Germany (38)  Yugoslavia (9) See also 1987 in athletics (track and field) External links Results - men at GBRathletics.com Results - women at GBRathletics.com EAA vteEuropean Athletics Association championships Outdoor Championships Indoor Championships Team Championships U23 Championships U20 Championships U18 Championships Cross Country Championships Mountain Running Championships Outdoor 1934 1938 1946 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1969 1971 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 Indoor 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 Under-23 1992 1994 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 Under-20 1964 1966 1968 1970 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 Under-18 2016 2018 2022 2024 Cross Country 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 2022 2023 2024 Mountain Running 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 Outdoor records European Cups Medalists outdoor men outdoor women indoor men indoor women
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"European Athletics Indoor Championships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Athletics_Indoor_Championships"},{"link_name":"Stade Couvert Régional","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade_Couvert_R%C3%A9gional"},{"link_name":"Liévin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A9vin"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"}],"text":"International athletics championship eventThe 1987 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held at Stade Couvert Régional in Liévin, France, on 21 and 22 February 1987.","title":"1987 European Athletics Indoor Championships"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Medal summary"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Men","title":"Medal summary"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Women","title":"Medal summary"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Medal table"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria"},{"link_name":"Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium"},{"link_name":"Bulgaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria"},{"link_name":"Cyprus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus"},{"link_name":"Czechoslovakia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia"},{"link_name":"Denmark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark"},{"link_name":"East Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germany"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Great Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece"},{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy"},{"link_name":"Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands"},{"link_name":"Norway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway"},{"link_name":"Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"Portugal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal"},{"link_name":"Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania"},{"link_name":"San Marino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino"},{"link_name":"Soviet Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"},{"link_name":"Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden"},{"link_name":"Switzerland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland"},{"link_name":"Turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey"},{"link_name":"West Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany"},{"link_name":"Yugoslavia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia"}],"text":"Austria (7)\n Belgium (13)\n Bulgaria (18)\n Cyprus (1)\n Czechoslovakia (15)\n Denmark (1)\n East Germany (16)\n Finland (12)\n France (41)\n Great Britain (26)\n Greece (3)\n Hungary (8)\n Italy (25)\n Netherlands (12)\n Norway (3)\n Poland (13)\n Portugal (6)\n Romania (3)\n San Marino (1)\n Soviet Union (23)\n Spain (23)\n Sweden (14)\n Switzerland (11)\n Turkey (2)\n West Germany (38)\n Yugoslavia (9)","title":"Participating nations"}]
[]
[{"title":"1987 in athletics (track and field)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_in_athletics_(track_and_field)"}]
[]
[{"Link":"http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/ei.htm","external_links_name":"Results - men"},{"Link":"http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/eiw.htm","external_links_name":"Results - women"},{"Link":"http://www.european-athletics.org/","external_links_name":"EAA"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakala_(roller_coaster)
Wakala (roller coaster)
["1 History","2 Characteristics","2.1 Statistics","2.2 Theme","2.3 Trains","2.4 Contractors","3 Ride experience","4 References","5 External links"]
Coordinates: 50°50′56″N 2°56′51″E / 50.849000°N 2.947476°E / 50.849000; 2.947476Steel roller coaster at Bellewaerde WakalaBellewaerdeLocationBellewaerdePark sectionCanadaCoordinates50°50′56″N 2°56′51″E / 50.849000°N 2.947476°E / 50.849000; 2.947476StatusOperatingOpening dateJuly 1, 2020; 3 years ago (2020-07-01)Cost€7,500,000General statisticsTypeSteel – FamilyManufacturerGerstlauerHeight68.9 ft (21.0 m)Length2,165.4 ft (660.0 m)Speed31.1 mph (50.1 km/h)Inversions0Capacity1000 riders per hourHeight restriction100 cm (3 ft 3 in)Trains3 trains with 10 cars. Riders are arranged 2 across in a single row for a total of 20 riders per train.Lift System #1Chain lift hillLift System #2Drive tireWebsiteOfficial website Single rider line AvailableWakala at RCDBVideo Wakala is a steel family roller coaster located at Bellewaerde near Ypres, Belgium. The coaster pays heavy homage to the Kwakwakaʼwakw natives of the Canadian Pacific Northwest. It is manufactured by Gerstlauer and is targeted at families, with two lift hills, a meandering layout, and a vertical spike rollback element. History On February 15, 2019, Bellewaerde officials submitted a building application to build a major new family roller coaster in and around the park's Canada zone. The ride layout had already been designed, with applications stating that it would be provided by a "renowned manufacturer". Following concern for the surrounding environment from local authorities, the park withdrew the permit before an objection could be filed. Working closely with the local Nature and Forest Agency, the park later resubmitted plans further detailing the environmental impact and how they would compensate for any trees felled. The project received final approval in September 2019. Land clearing began immediately following approval, and track would begin arriving in and around early January 2020. On January 28, with much of the ride already constructed, Bellewaerde formally announced Wakala on the ride's construction site, to great fanfare from park guests and media crews alike. The coaster, at a cost of €7,500,000, would represent the park's largest attraction investment since 1999 and be tailored towards all members of the family, thus featuring a unique exciting layout complete with a backwards spike. Concept artwork of the ride's layout and trains were also made publicly available as promotional material, as well as a targeted opening date during the spring of 2020. The coaster was "90% in early March", according to Bellewaerde general manager Stefaan Lemey, but the COVID-19 pandemic forced the park to delay their park opening from their projected April 4, 2020 opening day. After securing approval, Bellewaerde reopened on July 1, 2020, and Wakala opened to the public after a media event the day prior. Characteristics Statistics Wakala has a total advertised track length of 2,165.4 feet (660.0 m) and reaches family-friendly speeds of up to 31.1 mph (50.1 km/h). An exact max height figure has been disputed by multiple sources, as RCDB lists it as 68.9 feet (21.0 m), whereas ride manufacturer Gerstlauer states it to be 62.3 feet (19.0 m). The coaster utilizes two lift hills throughout the layout; the first uses a chain lift while the second uses drive tires/flywheels. Theme Wakala is themed to the Kwakwakaʼwakw Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest, in British Columbia and Vancouver Island, Canada. The ride area is covered with lush greenery and Kwakwakaʼwakw art. Browns and greens make up the attraction's overall color palette, with much of the queue and station being constructed out of wood. It is thus located in the park's Canada area. Trains Wakala has three trains with 10 cars each, and each of these cars is able to seat a single row of two riders, for a total of 20 passengers per train. The trains are elaborately themed to the people's iconic dugout canoes. Contractors Wakala was designed and manufactured by Gerstlauer, who in past years had worked with Bellewaerde wonder Compagnie des Alpes on coasters at some of their other parks, including Tiki-Waka (2018) at Walibi Belgium and Mystic (2019) at Walibi Rhône-Alpes. Numerous local firms, most notably Blemish construction company De Wandeler, were involved in the attraction's construction. Ride experience Upon dispatch from the station, riders immediately ascend a 56.3-foot (17.2 m) chain lift hill. Once at the top, riders turn over and drop under the existing Dawson Duel racing coasters, navigating a trip of elevated airtime hills in the direction of the Bellewaerde pond. Once at the water, the train makes an abrupt right-hand turn and speed through a bunny hill and left-hand turnaround, followed by a series of twists and turns, including another jump over a park pathway. After speeding through a turnaround encompassing the ride queue, the train enters the second lift hill, which is powered by drive tires, with reasonable speed. Riders plunge into a curved drop and speed through the brake run towards the water, navigating a trick-track section before rolling out onto the pond and up the spike element, similar to those seen on Schwarzkopf Shuttle Loop coasters. The train loses speed, as intended, before rolling back through the switchback and into the brake run. A switch-track leads the coaster into a final holding brake area directly outside of the station. References ^ Kleykens, Yelle (February 15, 2019). "Bellewaerde plant nieuwe familie-achtbaan!". pretparken.be (in Dutch). Retrieved January 14, 2021. ^ Sansens, Jonathan. "Bellewaerde – Wakala". themeparkfreaks.eu (in Dutch). Retrieved January 14, 2021. ^ "Vergunning is binnen: Belgisch pretpark mag nieuwe achtbaan bouwen". Looopings (in Dutch). September 23, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2021. ^ @teamlooopings (January 6, 2020). "Niet alleen nieuwe baandelen in de #Efteling vandaag. Dit..." (Tweet) (in Dutch) – via Twitter. ^ "Wakala sera le nom de la nouvelle montagne russe familiale de Bellewaerde". parcplaza.net (in French). January 28, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2021. ^ Mitchell, Bea (January 29, 2020). "Bellewaerde unveils €7.5m roller coaster Wakala". Blooloop. Retrieved January 14, 2021. ^ "New roller coaster at Bellewaerde named Wakala". themeparks-eu.com. January 29, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2021. ^ Coates, Charlotte (April 15, 2020). "Bellewaerde plans safety measures for reopening". Blooloop. Retrieved January 14, 2021. ^ Gheeraert, Tom (June 30, 2020). "Bellewaerde presenteert nieuwe attractie vlak voor opening". kw.be (in Dutch). Retrieved January 14, 2021. ^ "Wakala | Bellewaerde Park". www.bellewaerde.be. Retrieved 2022-08-25. ^ "Wakala » Gerstlauer Amusement Rides". www.gerstlauer-rides.de. Retrieved January 14, 2020. ^ "100 % FUN AT WAKALA IN BELLEWAERDE". www.dewandeler.be. January 28, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020. External links Wakala at Gerstlauer
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"steel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_roller_coaster"},{"link_name":"family roller coaster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_coaster"},{"link_name":"Bellewaerde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellewaerde"},{"link_name":"Ypres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ypres"},{"link_name":"Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium"},{"link_name":"Kwakwakaʼwakw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw"},{"link_name":"Pacific Northwest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Northwest"},{"link_name":"Gerstlauer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerstlauer"}],"text":"Steel roller coaster at BellewaerdeWakala is a steel family roller coaster located at Bellewaerde near Ypres, Belgium. The coaster pays heavy homage to the Kwakwakaʼwakw natives of the Canadian Pacific Northwest. It is manufactured by Gerstlauer and is targeted at families, with two lift hills, a meandering layout, and a vertical spike rollback element.","title":"Wakala (roller coaster)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"On February 15, 2019, Bellewaerde officials submitted a building application to build a major new family roller coaster in and around the park's Canada zone. The ride layout had already been designed, with applications stating that it would be provided by a \"renowned manufacturer\".[1] Following concern for the surrounding environment from local authorities, the park withdrew the permit before an objection could be filed. Working closely with the local Nature and Forest Agency, the park later resubmitted plans further detailing the environmental impact and how they would compensate for any trees felled.[2] The project received final approval in September 2019.[3]Land clearing began immediately following approval, and track would begin arriving in and around early January 2020.[4] On January 28, with much of the ride already constructed, Bellewaerde formally announced Wakala on the ride's construction site, to great fanfare from park guests and media crews alike.[5] The coaster, at a cost of €7,500,000, would represent the park's largest attraction investment since 1999 and be tailored towards all members of the family, thus featuring a unique exciting layout complete with a backwards spike.[6] Concept artwork of the ride's layout and trains were also made publicly available as promotional material, as well as a targeted opening date during the spring of 2020.[7]The coaster was \"90% [ready] in early March\", according to Bellewaerde general manager Stefaan Lemey, but the COVID-19 pandemic forced the park to delay their park opening from their projected April 4, 2020 opening day.[8] After securing approval, Bellewaerde reopened on July 1, 2020, and Wakala opened to the public after a media event the day prior.[9]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Gerstlauer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerstlauer"}],"sub_title":"Statistics","text":"Wakala has a total advertised track length of 2,165.4 feet (660.0 m) and reaches family-friendly speeds of up to 31.1 mph (50.1 km/h). An exact max height figure has been disputed by multiple sources, as RCDB lists it as 68.9 feet (21.0 m), whereas ride manufacturer Gerstlauer states it to be 62.3 feet (19.0 m). The coaster utilizes two lift hills throughout the layout; the first uses a chain lift while the second uses drive tires/flywheels.","title":"Characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kwakwakaʼwakw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw"},{"link_name":"Indigenous peoples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples"},{"link_name":"Pacific Northwest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Northwest"},{"link_name":"British Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Vancouver Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver_Island"},{"link_name":"Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Kwakwakaʼwakw art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw_art"}],"sub_title":"Theme","text":"Wakala is themed to the Kwakwakaʼwakw Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest, in British Columbia and Vancouver Island, Canada.[10] The ride area is covered with lush greenery and Kwakwakaʼwakw art. Browns and greens make up the attraction's overall color palette, with much of the queue and station being constructed out of wood. It is thus located in the park's Canada area.","title":"Characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"dugout canoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugout_canoe"}],"sub_title":"Trains","text":"Wakala has three trains with 10 cars each, and each of these cars is able to seat a single row of two riders, for a total of 20 passengers per train. The trains are elaborately themed to the people's iconic dugout canoes.","title":"Characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Gerstlauer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerstlauer"},{"link_name":"Compagnie des Alpes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_des_Alpes"},{"link_name":"Tiki-Waka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiki-Waka_(roller_coaster)"},{"link_name":"Walibi Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walibi_Belgium"},{"link_name":"Mystic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystic_(roller_coaster)"},{"link_name":"Walibi Rhône-Alpes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walibi_Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"sub_title":"Contractors","text":"Wakala was designed and manufactured by Gerstlauer, who in past years had worked with Bellewaerde wonder Compagnie des Alpes on coasters at some of their other parks, including Tiki-Waka (2018) at Walibi Belgium and Mystic (2019) at Walibi Rhône-Alpes.[11] Numerous local firms, most notably Blemish construction company De Wandeler, were involved in the attraction's construction.[12]","title":"Characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dawson Duel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawson_Duel_(roller_coaster)"},{"link_name":"Schwarzkopf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Schwarzkopf"},{"link_name":"Shuttle Loop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttle_Loop"}],"text":"Upon dispatch from the station, riders immediately ascend a 56.3-foot (17.2 m) chain lift hill. Once at the top, riders turn over and drop under the existing Dawson Duel racing coasters, navigating a trip of elevated airtime hills in the direction of the Bellewaerde pond. Once at the water, the train makes an abrupt right-hand turn and speed through a bunny hill and left-hand turnaround, followed by a series of twists and turns, including another jump over a park pathway. After speeding through a turnaround encompassing the ride queue, the train enters the second lift hill, which is powered by drive tires, with reasonable speed. Riders plunge into a curved drop and speed through the brake run towards the water, navigating a trick-track section before rolling out onto the pond and up the spike element, similar to those seen on Schwarzkopf Shuttle Loop coasters. The train loses speed, as intended, before rolling back through the switchback and into the brake run. A switch-track leads the coaster into a final holding brake area directly outside of the station.","title":"Ride experience"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Kleykens, Yelle (February 15, 2019). \"Bellewaerde plant nieuwe familie-achtbaan!\". pretparken.be (in Dutch). Retrieved January 14, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://pretparken.be/NL/article/2067/Bellewaerde%20plant%20nieuwe%20familie-achtbaan","url_text":"\"Bellewaerde plant nieuwe familie-achtbaan!\""}]},{"reference":"Sansens, Jonathan. \"Bellewaerde – Wakala\". themeparkfreaks.eu (in Dutch). Retrieved January 14, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://themeparkfreaks.eu/bellewaerde-canada-coaster/","url_text":"\"Bellewaerde – Wakala\""}]},{"reference":"\"Vergunning is binnen: Belgisch pretpark mag nieuwe achtbaan bouwen\". Looopings (in Dutch). September 23, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.looopings.nl/weblog/12846/Vergunning-is-binnen-Belgisch-pretpark-mag-nieuwe-achtbaan-bouwen.html","url_text":"\"Vergunning is binnen: Belgisch pretpark mag nieuwe achtbaan bouwen\""}]},{"reference":"@teamlooopings (January 6, 2020). \"Niet alleen nieuwe baandelen in de #Efteling vandaag. Dit...\" (Tweet) (in Dutch) – via Twitter.","urls":[{"url":"https://x.com/teamlooopings/status/1214258477335535619","url_text":"\"Niet alleen nieuwe baandelen in de #Efteling vandaag. Dit...\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)","url_text":"Tweet"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter","url_text":"Twitter"}]},{"reference":"\"Wakala sera le nom de la nouvelle montagne russe familiale de Bellewaerde\". parcplaza.net (in French). January 28, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.parcplaza.net/2020/01/wakala-sera-le-nom-de-la-nouvelle.html","url_text":"\"Wakala sera le nom de la nouvelle montagne russe familiale de Bellewaerde\""}]},{"reference":"Mitchell, Bea (January 29, 2020). \"Bellewaerde unveils €7.5m roller coaster Wakala\". Blooloop. Retrieved January 14, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://blooloop.com/news/bellewaerde-roller-coaster-wakala/","url_text":"\"Bellewaerde unveils €7.5m roller coaster Wakala\""}]},{"reference":"\"New roller coaster at Bellewaerde named Wakala\". themeparks-eu.com. January 29, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://themeparks-eu.com/news/new-family-roller-coaster-at-bellewaerde-named-wakala","url_text":"\"New roller coaster at Bellewaerde named Wakala\""}]},{"reference":"Coates, Charlotte (April 15, 2020). \"Bellewaerde plans safety measures for reopening\". Blooloop. Retrieved January 14, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://blooloop.com/news/bellewaerde-safety-plan-for-reopening-covid-19/","url_text":"\"Bellewaerde plans safety measures for reopening\""}]},{"reference":"Gheeraert, Tom (June 30, 2020). \"Bellewaerde presenteert nieuwe attractie vlak voor opening\". kw.be (in Dutch). Retrieved January 14, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://kw.be/nieuws/samenleving/bellewaerde-presenteert-nieuwe-attractie-vlak-voor-opening/","url_text":"\"Bellewaerde presenteert nieuwe attractie vlak voor opening\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wakala | Bellewaerde Park\". www.bellewaerde.be. Retrieved 2022-08-25.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bellewaerde.be/park/nl/attracties/wakala","url_text":"\"Wakala | Bellewaerde Park\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wakala » Gerstlauer Amusement Rides\". www.gerstlauer-rides.de. Retrieved January 14, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.gerstlauer-rides.de/references/reference-list/europe/belgium/wakala-en-us/","url_text":"\"Wakala » Gerstlauer Amusement Rides\""}]},{"reference":"\"100 % FUN AT WAKALA IN BELLEWAERDE\". www.dewandeler.be. January 28, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dewandeler.be/en/news/100-fun-at-wakala-in-bellewaerde","url_text":"\"100 % FUN AT WAKALA IN BELLEWAERDE\""}]}]
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Wakala_(roller_coaster)&params=50.849_N_2.947476_E_","external_links_name":"50°50′56″N 2°56′51″E / 50.849000°N 2.947476°E / 50.849000; 2.947476"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Wakala_(roller_coaster)&params=50.849_N_2.947476_E_","external_links_name":"50°50′56″N 2°56′51″E / 50.849000°N 2.947476°E / 50.849000; 2.947476"},{"Link":"https://bellewaerde.be/nl/attracties/wakala","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"https://rcdb.com/17721.htm","external_links_name":"Wakala at RCDB"},{"Link":"https://pretparken.be/NL/article/2067/Bellewaerde%20plant%20nieuwe%20familie-achtbaan","external_links_name":"\"Bellewaerde plant nieuwe familie-achtbaan!\""},{"Link":"https://themeparkfreaks.eu/bellewaerde-canada-coaster/","external_links_name":"\"Bellewaerde – Wakala\""},{"Link":"https://www.looopings.nl/weblog/12846/Vergunning-is-binnen-Belgisch-pretpark-mag-nieuwe-achtbaan-bouwen.html","external_links_name":"\"Vergunning is binnen: Belgisch pretpark mag nieuwe achtbaan bouwen\""},{"Link":"https://x.com/teamlooopings/status/1214258477335535619","external_links_name":"\"Niet alleen nieuwe baandelen in de #Efteling vandaag. Dit...\""},{"Link":"http://www.parcplaza.net/2020/01/wakala-sera-le-nom-de-la-nouvelle.html","external_links_name":"\"Wakala sera le nom de la nouvelle montagne russe familiale de Bellewaerde\""},{"Link":"https://blooloop.com/news/bellewaerde-roller-coaster-wakala/","external_links_name":"\"Bellewaerde unveils €7.5m roller coaster Wakala\""},{"Link":"https://themeparks-eu.com/news/new-family-roller-coaster-at-bellewaerde-named-wakala","external_links_name":"\"New roller coaster at Bellewaerde named Wakala\""},{"Link":"https://blooloop.com/news/bellewaerde-safety-plan-for-reopening-covid-19/","external_links_name":"\"Bellewaerde plans safety measures for reopening\""},{"Link":"https://kw.be/nieuws/samenleving/bellewaerde-presenteert-nieuwe-attractie-vlak-voor-opening/","external_links_name":"\"Bellewaerde presenteert nieuwe attractie vlak voor opening\""},{"Link":"https://www.bellewaerde.be/park/nl/attracties/wakala","external_links_name":"\"Wakala | Bellewaerde Park\""},{"Link":"https://www.gerstlauer-rides.de/references/reference-list/europe/belgium/wakala-en-us/","external_links_name":"\"Wakala » Gerstlauer Amusement Rides\""},{"Link":"https://www.dewandeler.be/en/news/100-fun-at-wakala-in-bellewaerde","external_links_name":"\"100 % FUN AT WAKALA IN BELLEWAERDE\""},{"Link":"https://www.gerstlauer-rides.de/references/reference-list/europe/belgium/wakala-en-us/","external_links_name":"Wakala"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_Air_Museum
Pearson Air Museum
["1 Exhibits","2 Change in management","3 References","4 External links"]
Coordinates: 45°37′26″N 122°39′23″W / 45.6240°N 122.6564°W / 45.6240; -122.6564This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Pearson Air Museum" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Aviation museum in Vancouver, WAPearson Air MuseumPearson Air MuseumLocation1115 E 5th Street, Vancouver, WA 98661Coordinates45°37′26″N 122°39′23″W / 45.6240°N 122.6564°W / 45.6240; -122.6564TypeAviation museumWebsitePearson Air Museum The Pearson Air Museum is a place-based aviation museum at Pearson Field in Vancouver, Washington, USA. Managed by the National Park Service as part of the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, museum exhibits provide an opportunity for visitors to explore aviation history tied to Pearson Field and Vancouver Barracks. Objects and artifacts from the National Park Service collections and on loan from members of the community and other museums depict history of aviation in the Pacific Northwest. Exhibits The "Straight-Grained Soldiers" exhibit includes interpretive panels, displays of artifacts, a large diorama, and participatory elements tied to the aviation history of World War I in the Pacific Northwest. As military aviation transformed methods of warfare during the First World War, spruce lumber to build combat, reconnaissance, and training airplanes was in high demand. The Pacific Northwest was home to one of the world's best supplies of spruce, and so the U.S. Military created the Spruce Production Division, headquartered at Vancouver Barracks, to ensure that the allies would have enough spruce to produce aircraft. At its peak, the Spruce Mill, once located on the plain where Fort Vancouver and Pearson Air Museum are located today, operated 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and produced 1 million board feet of lumber daily. The exhibit takes visitors from the entry of the United States into the war in 1917, through the creation of the Spruce Production Division and the home-front efforts undertaken in Vancouver, up to the end of the war and the birth of the Army Air Service. Change in management The Pearson Air Museum has always been owned by the National Park Service, but was formerly managed under an agreement with the City of Vancouver, with a sub-agreement with the non-profit Fort Vancouver National Site Trust. On January 1, 2013, the City of Vancouver terminated their agreement with the National Park Service to continue operating the museum. On February 5, 2013, without a direct agreement with the Fort Vancouver National Site Trust, the National Park Service notified the Fort Vancouver National Site Trust that they could no longer manage the museum. In response the Trust removed all privately owned artifacts from the museum (except for two aircraft that were suspended from the ceiling). The National Park Service then began to directly staff the museum. References ^ Hardesty, Von. Historical Overview of Pearson Airfield. Unpublished manuscript, 1992 ^ Alley, Bill. Pearson Field: Pioneering Aviation in Vancouver and Portland. Arcadia, Charleston, SC ^ a b Tonsfeldt, Ward A. The U.S. Army Spruce Production Division at Vancouver Barracks, Washington, 1917-1919. Vancouver, WA: National Park Service, 2013 ^ Fort Vancouver NHS General Management Plan 2003 & McLoughlin House Unit Management Plan 2007 ^ Vogt, Tom. Pearson Air Museum exhibit pays tribute to 'Straight-Grained Soldiers'. May 23, 2013. The Columbian ^ Vorenberg, Sue (6 February 2013). "Group plans protest at Pearson Air Museum". The Columbian. Retrieved 6 October 2020. External links Pearson Air Museum - National Park Service
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[]
null
[{"reference":"Vorenberg, Sue (6 February 2013). \"Group plans protest at Pearson Air Museum\". The Columbian. Retrieved 6 October 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.columbian.com/news/2013/feb/07/group-plans-protest-pearson-air-museum","url_text":"\"Group plans protest at Pearson Air Museum\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesgartenschau
Bundesgartenschau
["1 BUGA cities","2 References","3 External links"]
A biennial federal horticulture show in Germany This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The Bundesgartenschau (German pronunciation: ; abbr. BUGA) is a biennial federal horticulture show in Germany. It also covers topics like landscaping. Taking place in different cities, the location changes in a two-year cycle. BUGA cities 1951 – Hannover 1953 – Hamburg 1955 – Kassel 1957 – Cologne (Rheinpark) 1959 – Dortmund 1961 – Stuttgart 1963 – Hamburg 1965 – Essen 1967 – Karlsruhe 1969 – Dortmund 1971 – Cologne (Rheinpark) 1973 – Hamburg 1975 – Mannheim 1977 – Stuttgart 1979 – Bonn 1981 – Kassel 1983 – München 1985 – Berlin 1987 – Düsseldorf 1989 – Frankfurt am Main 1991 – Dortmund 1993 – Stuttgart 1995 – Cottbus 1997 – Gelsenkirchen 1999 – Magdeburg 2001 – Potsdam 2003 – Rostock (IGA) 2005 – München 2007 – Gera (Hofwiesenpark) and Ronneburg (Thüringen) ("Neue Landschaft Ronneburg" new landscape Ronneburg) 2011 – Koblenz 2013 – Hamburg (IGA) 2015 – region of Havel 2017 – Berlin, at Marzahn Park (IGA) 2019 – Heilbronn 2021 – Erfurt 2023 – Mannheim References ^ "Bundesgartenschau 2023". Stadtmarketing Mannheim GmbH (in German). Retrieved 6 August 2022. ^ "Rede: Eröffnung der Bundesgartenschau 2023". Der Bundespräsident (in German). Retrieved 14 April 2023. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bundesgartenschau. Official website BUGA 2011 in Koblenz BUGA-aera of the Fortress Ehrenbreitstein in Koblenz BUGA 2009 in Schwerin BUGA 2007 in Gera/Ronneburg Review to the BUGA 2005 in Munich Authority control databases International VIAF National Germany United States This German festival article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[ˌbʊndəsˈɡaʁtn̩ʃaʊ̯]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German"},{"link_name":"biennial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/biennial"},{"link_name":"horticulture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horticulture"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"},{"link_name":"landscaping","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscaping"}],"text":"The Bundesgartenschau (German pronunciation: [ˌbʊndəsˈɡaʁtn̩ʃaʊ̯]; abbr. BUGA) is a biennial federal horticulture show in Germany. It also covers topics like landscaping. Taking place in different cities, the location changes in a two-year cycle.","title":"Bundesgartenschau"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hannover","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannover"},{"link_name":"Hamburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg"},{"link_name":"Kassel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel"},{"link_name":"Cologne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne"},{"link_name":"Rheinpark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinpark"},{"link_name":"Dortmund","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dortmund"},{"link_name":"Stuttgart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttgart"},{"link_name":"Hamburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg"},{"link_name":"Essen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essen"},{"link_name":"Karlsruhe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlsruhe"},{"link_name":"Dortmund","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dortmund"},{"link_name":"Cologne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne"},{"link_name":"Rheinpark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinpark"},{"link_name":"Hamburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg"},{"link_name":"Mannheim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannheim"},{"link_name":"Stuttgart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttgart"},{"link_name":"Bonn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn"},{"link_name":"Kassel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel"},{"link_name":"München","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen"},{"link_name":"Berlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin"},{"link_name":"Düsseldorf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf"},{"link_name":"Frankfurt am Main","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main"},{"link_name":"Dortmund","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dortmund"},{"link_name":"Stuttgart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttgart"},{"link_name":"Cottbus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottbus"},{"link_name":"Gelsenkirchen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelsenkirchen"},{"link_name":"Magdeburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg"},{"link_name":"Potsdam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam"},{"link_name":"Rostock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_World_Horticultural_Exposition"},{"link_name":"München","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen"},{"link_name":"Gera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gera"},{"link_name":"Ronneburg (Thüringen)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronneburg_(Th%C3%BCringen)"},{"link_name":"Koblenz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Horticultural_Show_2011"},{"link_name":"Hamburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg"},{"link_name":"Havel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havel"},{"link_name":"Berlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Gartenausstellung_2017"},{"link_name":"Marzahn Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erholungspark_Marzahn"},{"link_name":"Heilbronn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heilbronn"},{"link_name":"Erfurt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erfurt"},{"link_name":"Mannheim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannheim"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Stadtmarketing_Mannheim_GmbH-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"1951 – Hannover\n1953 – Hamburg\n1955 – Kassel\n1957 – Cologne (Rheinpark)\n1959 – Dortmund\n1961 – Stuttgart\n1963 – Hamburg\n1965 – Essen\n1967 – Karlsruhe\n1969 – Dortmund\n1971 – Cologne (Rheinpark)\n1973 – Hamburg\n1975 – Mannheim\n1977 – Stuttgart\n1979 – Bonn\n1981 – Kassel\n1983 – München\n1985 – Berlin\n1987 – Düsseldorf\n1989 – Frankfurt am Main\n1991 – Dortmund\n1993 – Stuttgart\n1995 – Cottbus\n1997 – Gelsenkirchen\n1999 – Magdeburg\n2001 – Potsdam\n2003 – Rostock (IGA)\n2005 – München\n2007 – Gera (Hofwiesenpark) and Ronneburg (Thüringen) (\"Neue Landschaft Ronneburg\" new landscape Ronneburg)\n2011 – Koblenz\n2013 – Hamburg (IGA)\n2015 – region of Havel\n2017 – Berlin, at Marzahn Park (IGA)\n2019 – Heilbronn\n2021 – Erfurt\n2023 – Mannheim[1][2]","title":"BUGA cities"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"Bundesgartenschau 2023\". Stadtmarketing Mannheim GmbH (in German). Retrieved 6 August 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.visit-mannheim.de/en/buga-2023","url_text":"\"Bundesgartenschau 2023\""}]},{"reference":"\"Rede: Eröffnung der Bundesgartenschau 2023\". Der Bundespräsident (in German). Retrieved 14 April 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Reden/DE/Frank-Walter-Steinmeier/Reden/2023/04/230414-BUGA-Mannheim.html","url_text":"\"Rede: Eröffnung der Bundesgartenschau 2023\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Bundespr%C3%A4sident","url_text":"Der Bundespräsident"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_French_Mistress
A French Mistress
["1 Production","2 Plot summary","3 Cast","4 Box office","5 Critical reception","6 Theme","7 References","8 External links"]
1960 British film by Roy Boulting A French MistressOriginal British quad posterDirected byRoy BoultingScreenplay byRoy BoultingJeffrey DellBased onplay The French Mistress by Sonnie HaleProduced byJohn BoultingStarringCecil ParkerJames Robertson JusticeIan BannenCinematographyMutz GreenbaumEdited byJohn JympsonMusic byJohn AddisonProductioncompanyCharter Film ProductionsDistributed byBritish Lion (U.K.)Films Around the World (U.S.)Release date 25 August 1960 (1960-08-25) (London) Running time98 minutesCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglish A French Mistress is a 1960 British comedy film directed by Roy Boulting and starring Cecil Parker, James Robertson Justice, Agnès Laurent, Ian Bannen, Raymond Huntley, Irene Handl and Thorley Walters. It is based on a stage play, The French Mistress by Sonnie Hale under the pen name Robert Monro, first produced in 1955 at the Theatre Royal Windsor, starring Hale. Production Production was filmed at Shoreditch Training College, Englefield Green, Borough of Runnymede, Surrey, England, formerly the Royal Indian Engineering College. Plot summary A young French woman, Madaleine Lafarge, is unintentionally appointed as the French teacher at an English public school for boys, which is not used to having women teachers. She causes a stir with pupils and other school staff, and complications ensue. A romance develops between Lafarge and the headmaster's son who is also a teacher at the school. This is a cause of concern for the headmaster when he comes to believe that she is his daughter, from an affair he had during a holiday in France in his youth. He attempts to stop the romance by sacking her, so that she will go back to France, but the boys go on strike and nearly riot. All the problems are resolved when it becomes apparent that she cannot be his daughter. Cast Film location, 2004 Cecil Parker as Headmaster John Crane James Robertson Justice as Robert Martin Ian Bannen as Colin Crane Agnès Laurent as Madeleine LaFarge Raymond Huntley as Reverend Edwin Peake Irene Handl as Staff Sergeant Hodges Edith Sharpe as Matron Kenneth Griffith as Mr Meade Robert Bruce as Mr Ramsay Thorley Walters as Colonel Edmonds Henry Longhurst as 2nd Governor Brian Oulton as 3rd Governor Scot Finch as Edmonds, Head Boy Richard Palmer as Milsom Peter Greenspan as Wigram David Griffin as Slater Jeremy Bulloch as Baines David Diarmid Cammell as Vane Chris Sandford as Poole Gregory Warwick as Warwick Nigel Bulloch as Proffit Gordon Pleasant as Benson Michael Crawford as Kent Pearson Dodd as Church Christopher Beeny as Stephenson Athene Seyler as Beatrice Peake Cardew Robinson as Ambulance Attendant Margaret Lacey as Kitchen Maid Paul Sheridan as M Fraguier, Previous French Teacher Box office Kine Weekly called it a "money maker" at the British box office in 1960. Critical reception Bosley Crowther in The New York Times wrote, "We would have expected something better from the Boultings and Mr. Dell. A good cast of old familiars—excepting Agnes Laurent, a newcomer who plays the mademoiselle – try to do something with it and occasionally do all right with a line here, a facial expression or a situation there. Cecil Parker puffs and pouts as the headmaster, and Ian Bannen stands up stoutly as his son. Raymond Huntley and James Robertson Justice do their acts as other masters in the school. Irene Handl also draws a few fast laughs as the compulsively pugnacious cook, and Edith Sharpe and Athene Seyler cluck politely as the only other females around the place. But the ministrations of the stalwarts do not quite save the day. The Boultings are onto a sticky wicket with that silly sex-scandal stuff." Theme Tamahine, three years later (1963), used the same theme. References ^ "A French Mistress (1960)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. ^ "Sonnie Hale". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. ^ "A French Mistress *** (1960, Cecil Parker, James Robertson Justice, Ian Bannen, Raymond Huntley, Irene Handl, Agnès Laurent) – Classic Movie Review 2117". Derek Winnert. 26 January 2015. ^ "The News Tribune from Fort Pierce, Florida · Page 12". Newspapers.com. 9 June 1959. ^ "Shoreditch College Archives". Brunel University London. Retrieved 6 December 2021. ^ Hostler, Tom. "Filming". Runnymede Campus Archive. Retrieved 6 December 2021. ^ Billings, Josh (15 December 1960). "It's Britain 1, 2, 3 again in the 1960 box office stakes". Kine Weekly. p. 9. ^ "Movie Reviews". The New York Times. 16 September 2021. External links A French Mistress at IMDb A French Mistress at AllMovie vteFilms directed by the Boulting brothersTogether Seven Days to Noon (1950) Seagulls Over Sorrento (1954) Suspect (1960) Heavens Above! (1963) John only Journey Together (1945) Brighton Rock (1948) The Magic Box (1951) Private's Progress (1956) Lucky Jim (1957) I'm All Right Jack (1959) Rotten to the Core (1965) Roy only Trunk Crime (1939) Inquest (1939) Pastor Hall (1940) Thunder Rock (1942) Burma Victory (1945) Fame Is the Spur (1947) The Guinea Pig (1948) High Treason (1951) Sailor of the King (1953) Josephine and Men (1955) Run for the Sun (1956) Brothers in Law (1957) Happy Is the Bride (1958) Carlton-Browne of the F.O. (1959) A French Mistress (1960) The Family Way (1966) Twisted Nerve (1968) There's a Girl in My Soup (1970) Soft Beds, Hard Battles (1974) The Last Word (1979)
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She causes a stir with pupils and other school staff, and complications ensue.A romance develops between Lafarge and the headmaster's son who is also a teacher at the school. This is a cause of concern for the headmaster when he comes to believe that she is his daughter, from an affair he had during a holiday in France in his youth. He attempts to stop the romance by sacking her, so that she will go back to France, but the boys go on strike and nearly riot. All the problems are resolved when it becomes apparent that she cannot be his daughter.","title":"Plot summary"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brunel_University_Runnymede.jpg"},{"link_name":"Cecil Parker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Parker"},{"link_name":"James Robertson Justice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Robertson_Justice"},{"link_name":"Ian Bannen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Bannen"},{"link_name":"Agnès Laurent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Laurent"},{"link_name":"Raymond Huntley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Huntley"},{"link_name":"Irene Handl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene_Handl"},{"link_name":"Edith Sharpe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Sharpe"},{"link_name":"Kenneth Griffith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Griffith"},{"link_name":"Thorley Walters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorley_Walters"},{"link_name":"Henry Longhurst","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Longhurst_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Brian Oulton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Oulton"},{"link_name":"David Griffin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Griffin_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Jeremy Bulloch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Bulloch"},{"link_name":"Chris Sandford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Sandford"},{"link_name":"Michael Crawford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Crawford"},{"link_name":"Christopher Beeny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Beeny"},{"link_name":"Athene Seyler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athene_Seyler"},{"link_name":"Cardew Robinson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardew_Robinson"},{"link_name":"Margaret Lacey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Lacey"}],"text":"Film location, 2004Cecil Parker as Headmaster John Crane\nJames Robertson Justice as Robert Martin\nIan Bannen as Colin Crane\nAgnès Laurent as Madeleine LaFarge\nRaymond Huntley as Reverend Edwin Peake\nIrene Handl as Staff Sergeant Hodges\nEdith Sharpe as Matron\nKenneth Griffith as Mr Meade\nRobert Bruce as Mr Ramsay\nThorley Walters as Colonel Edmonds\nHenry Longhurst as 2nd Governor\nBrian Oulton as 3rd Governor\nScot Finch as Edmonds, Head Boy\nRichard Palmer as Milsom\nPeter Greenspan as Wigram\nDavid Griffin as Slater\nJeremy Bulloch as Baines\nDavid Diarmid Cammell as Vane\nChris Sandford as Poole\nGregory Warwick as Warwick\nNigel Bulloch as Proffit\nGordon Pleasant as Benson\nMichael Crawford as Kent\nPearson Dodd as Church\nChristopher Beeny as Stephenson\nAthene Seyler as Beatrice Peake\nCardew Robinson as Ambulance Attendant\nMargaret Lacey as Kitchen Maid\nPaul Sheridan as M Fraguier, Previous French Teacher","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"Kine Weekly called it a \"money maker\" at the British box office in 1960.[7]","title":"Box office"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bosley Crowther","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosley_Crowther"},{"link_name":"The New York Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Bosley Crowther in The New York Times wrote, \"We would have expected something better from the Boultings and Mr. Dell. A good cast of old familiars—excepting Agnes Laurent, a newcomer who plays the mademoiselle – try to do something with it and occasionally do all right with a line here, a facial expression or a situation there. Cecil Parker puffs and pouts as the headmaster, and Ian Bannen stands up stoutly as his son. Raymond Huntley and James Robertson Justice do their acts as other masters in the school. Irene Handl also draws a few fast laughs as the compulsively pugnacious cook, and Edith Sharpe and Athene Seyler cluck politely as the only other females around the place. But the ministrations of the stalwarts do not quite save the day. The Boultings are onto a sticky wicket with that silly sex-scandal stuff.\"[8]","title":"Critical reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tamahine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamahine"}],"text":"Tamahine, three years later (1963), used the same theme.","title":"Theme"}]
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null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Carnarvon_Castle
MV Carnarvon Castle
["1 Construction and early career","2 War service","3 References","4 Bibliography","5 External links"]
History United Kingdom NameCarnarvon Castle Owner Union-Castle Line BuilderHarland and Wolff, Belfast Yard number595 Launched14 January 1926 Completed26 June 1926 Commissioned9 October 1939 DecommissionedDecember 1943 FateScrapped in 1963 General characteristics Tonnage 20,122 GRT 12,089 NRT Length As built: 656 ft (199.95 m) after 1937: 686 ft (209.09 m) Beam73 ft 6 in (22.40 m) Installed power3,364 nhp Propulsion As built: Twin Screw 2 Stroke Double Acting engine Burmeister and Wain 2 × 8 cylinders After 1938 refit: 2 × 10 cylinder 2 stroke double acting diesels 26,000 bhp (19,000 kW) Speed Cruising: 16 kn (30 km/h; 18 mph) Max: 18 kn (33 km/h; 21 mph) Capacity As built: 310 first class passengers 275 second class passengers 266 third class passengers After 1938 refit: 266 first class passengers 245 second class passengers 188 third class passengers After 1947 refit 607 in cabins 671 in dormitories After 1949 refit: 216 first class passengers 401 tourist passengers Crew350 Armament As armed merchant cruiser 8 × 6-inch guns 2 x 3-inch anti-aircraft guns machine guns MV Carnarvon Castle was an ocean liner of the Union-Castle Line. She was requisitioned for service as an auxiliary cruiser by the Royal Navy during the Second World War. Construction and early career Carnarvon Castle was built by Harland and Wolff, Belfast and launched on 14 January 1926. She was completed on 26 June 1926 and entered service for the Union-Castle Line. She was named after Caernarfon Castle. She was the first of the Union-Castle mail ships to exceed 20,000 tons and was the first motor ship to be used on the sailings between Britain and the Cape of Good Hope. She had two squat funnels, the foremost being a dummy. She served on the route until 1936, when a revised contract to carry the mails required a speed of at least 19 kn (35 km/h; 22 mph), which would result in a voyage to the Cape lasting no more than 13+1⁄2 days. Carnarvon Castle required a refit and was reworked by her original builders between 1937 and 1938. Her engines were replaced, a single funnel replaced the original two and her passenger capacity was altered. After undergoing sea trials on 26 June 1938, she returned to her original route on 8 July, setting a new record for the passage to the Cape of 12 days, 13 hours, 38 minutes. The record stood until 1954. War service Carnarvon Castle was at Cape Town at the outbreak of the Second World War, and was requisitioned by the Royal Navy on 8 September 1939. She sailed to the naval base at Simonstown and was converted to an armed merchant cruiser. Commissioned as HMS Carnarvon Castle on 9 October, she sailed into the South Atlantic. On 5 December 1940 she encountered the German auxiliary cruiser Thor and had a five-hour running battle with her. She suffered heavily in the battle, sustaining 27 hits and suffering 4 dead and 27 wounded. Thor was apparently undamaged in the encounter. Carnarvon Castle put into Montevideo for repairs with steel plate reportedly salvaged from the German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee. Carnarvon Castle after her 1938 refit Carnarvon Castle's career as an armed merchant cruiser came to an end when she was decommissioned in December 1943. There were plans to convert her into an aircraft carrier but these were abandoned and she underwent a conversion to a troopship at New York City in 1944. She remained on trooping duties after the war and was finally released from naval service in March 1947. Returned to her original owners, she was back on the route to South Africa by June 1947. With her trooping accommodation only marginally upgraded, she carried a flood of post war emigrants from Britain on low cost assisted passages to East and South Africa. She was again refitted, to more luxurious standards, by Harland and Wolff in early 1949. Resuming service on 15 June 1950, she served until her retirement and sale. She arrived at Mihara, Japan on 8 September 1963 and was scrapped. References ^ a b c McCluskie, Tom (2013). The Rise and Fall of Harland and Wolff. Stroud: The History Press. p. 133. ISBN 9780752488615. ^ White, John W. (10 December 1940). "Nazis Protest Aid to Raider's Victim. Object in Uruguay to Giving Carnarvon Castle 72 Hours to Mend Battle Scars". New York Times. Retrieved 22 May 2009. The German Government, through its Minister in Montevideo, Otto Langmann, made a formal diplomatic protest this afternoon against... ^ Duffy, James P. (2001). Hitler's secret pirate fleet: the deadliest ships of World War II. Westport, CN: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-96685-2. ^ "Search For Raider". New York Times. 9 December 1940. Retrieved 22 May 2009. The British auxiliary cruiser Carnarvon Castle, hit twenty-two times in a battle with a German sea raider, was being repaired tonight with steel plates reportedly taken from the scuttled German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee. ^ Miller, William H (1986). The Last Blue Water Liners. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 46–63. ISBN 0-85177-400-8. Bibliography Osborne, Richard; Spong, Harry & Grover, Tom (2007). Armed Merchant Cruisers 1878–1945. Windsor, UK: World Warship Society. ISBN 978-0-9543310-8-5. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carnarvon Castle (ship, 1926).
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She was requisitioned for service as an auxiliary cruiser by the Royal Navy during the Second World War.","title":"MV Carnarvon Castle"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Harland and Wolff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harland_and_Wolff"},{"link_name":"Belfast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belfast"},{"link_name":"Union-Castle Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union-Castle_Line"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Tom-1"},{"link_name":"Caernarfon Castle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caernarfon_Castle"},{"link_name":"mail ships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Mail_Ship"},{"link_name":"Cape of Good Hope","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope"},{"link_name":"sea trials","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_trial"}],"text":"Carnarvon Castle was built by Harland and Wolff, Belfast and launched on 14 January 1926. She was completed on 26 June 1926 and entered service for the Union-Castle Line.[1] She was named after Caernarfon Castle. She was the first of the Union-Castle mail ships to exceed 20,000 tons and was the first motor ship to be used on the sailings between Britain and the Cape of Good Hope. She had two squat funnels, the foremost being a dummy. She served on the route until 1936, when a revised contract to carry the mails required a speed of at least 19 kn (35 km/h; 22 mph), which would result in a voyage to the Cape lasting no more than 13+1⁄2 days. Carnarvon Castle required a refit and was reworked by her original builders between 1937 and 1938. Her engines were replaced, a single funnel replaced the original two and her passenger capacity was altered. After undergoing sea trials on 26 June 1938, she returned to her original route on 8 July, setting a new record for the passage to the Cape of 12 days, 13 hours, 38 minutes. The record stood until 1954.","title":"Construction and early career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cape Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Town"},{"link_name":"Simonstown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Base_Simon%27s_Town"},{"link_name":"armed merchant cruiser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_merchant_cruiser"},{"link_name":"South Atlantic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Atlantic"},{"link_name":"German auxiliary cruiser Thor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_auxiliary_cruiser_Thor"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pirate-3"},{"link_name":"Montevideo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montevideo"},{"link_name":"German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_cruiser_Admiral_Graf_Spee"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Postcard_RMMV_Carnarvon_Castle.jpg"},{"link_name":"aircraft carrier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_carrier"},{"link_name":"troopship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troopship"},{"link_name":"New York City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Mihara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihara,_Hiroshima"}],"text":"Carnarvon Castle was at Cape Town at the outbreak of the Second World War, and was requisitioned by the Royal Navy on 8 September 1939. She sailed to the naval base at Simonstown and was converted to an armed merchant cruiser. Commissioned as HMS Carnarvon Castle on 9 October, she sailed into the South Atlantic. On 5 December 1940 she encountered the German auxiliary cruiser Thor and had a five-hour running battle with her.[2][3] She suffered heavily in the battle, sustaining 27 hits and suffering 4 dead and 27 wounded. Thor was apparently undamaged in the encounter. Carnarvon Castle put into Montevideo for repairs with steel plate reportedly salvaged from the German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee.[4]Carnarvon Castle after her 1938 refitCarnarvon Castle's career as an armed merchant cruiser came to an end when she was decommissioned in December 1943. There were plans to convert her into an aircraft carrier but these were abandoned and she underwent a conversion to a troopship at New York City in 1944. She remained on trooping duties after the war and was finally released from naval service in March 1947. Returned to her original owners, she was back on the route to South Africa by June 1947. With her trooping accommodation only marginally upgraded, she carried a flood of post war emigrants from Britain on low cost assisted passages to East and South Africa.[5] She was again refitted, to more luxurious standards, by Harland and Wolff in early 1949. Resuming service on 15 June 1950, she served until her retirement and sale. She arrived at Mihara, Japan on 8 September 1963 and was scrapped.","title":"War service"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-9543310-8-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9543310-8-5"}],"text":"Osborne, Richard; Spong, Harry & Grover, Tom (2007). Armed Merchant Cruisers 1878–1945. Windsor, UK: World Warship Society. ISBN 978-0-9543310-8-5.","title":"Bibliography"}]
[{"image_text":"Carnarvon Castle after her 1938 refit","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Postcard_RMMV_Carnarvon_Castle.jpg/220px-Postcard_RMMV_Carnarvon_Castle.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"McCluskie, Tom (2013). The Rise and Fall of Harland and Wolff. Stroud: The History Press. p. 133. ISBN 9780752488615.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780752488615","url_text":"9780752488615"}]},{"reference":"White, John W. (10 December 1940). \"Nazis Protest Aid to Raider's Victim. Object in Uruguay to Giving Carnarvon Castle 72 Hours to Mend Battle Scars\". New York Times. Retrieved 22 May 2009. The German Government, through its Minister in Montevideo, Otto Langmann, made a formal diplomatic protest this afternoon against...","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1940/12/10/archives/nazis-protest-aid-to-raiders-victim-object-in-uruguay-to-giving.html","url_text":"\"Nazis Protest Aid to Raider's Victim. Object in Uruguay to Giving Carnarvon Castle 72 Hours to Mend Battle Scars\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times","url_text":"New York Times"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Langmann","url_text":"Otto Langmann"}]},{"reference":"Duffy, James P. (2001). Hitler's secret pirate fleet: the deadliest ships of World War II. Westport, CN: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-96685-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=H41M5lN5cGkC","url_text":"Hitler's secret pirate fleet: the deadliest ships of World War II"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-96685-2","url_text":"0-275-96685-2"}]},{"reference":"\"Search For Raider\". New York Times. 9 December 1940. Retrieved 22 May 2009. The British auxiliary cruiser Carnarvon Castle, hit twenty-two times in a battle with a German sea raider, was being repaired tonight with steel plates reportedly taken from the scuttled German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee.","urls":[{"url":"http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70C15F7355A167A93CBA91789D95F448485F9","url_text":"\"Search For Raider\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times","url_text":"New York Times"}]},{"reference":"Miller, William H (1986). The Last Blue Water Liners. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 46–63. ISBN 0-85177-400-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-400-8","url_text":"0-85177-400-8"}]},{"reference":"Osborne, Richard; Spong, Harry & Grover, Tom (2007). Armed Merchant Cruisers 1878–1945. Windsor, UK: World Warship Society. ISBN 978-0-9543310-8-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9543310-8-5","url_text":"978-0-9543310-8-5"}]}]
[{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/1940/12/10/archives/nazis-protest-aid-to-raiders-victim-object-in-uruguay-to-giving.html","external_links_name":"\"Nazis Protest Aid to Raider's Victim. Object in Uruguay to Giving Carnarvon Castle 72 Hours to Mend Battle Scars\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=H41M5lN5cGkC","external_links_name":"Hitler's secret pirate fleet: the deadliest ships of World War II"},{"Link":"http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70C15F7355A167A93CBA91789D95F448485F9","external_links_name":"\"Search For Raider\""}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jekerkwartier
Jekerkwartier
["1 Impressions"]
Coordinates: 50°50′39″N 5°41′29″E / 50.84417°N 5.69139°E / 50.84417; 5.69139Neighbourhood in Netherlands, Limburg, MaastrichtJekerkwartierneighbourhoodLocation of Jekerkwartier in MaastrichtMunicipalityMaastrichtProvinceLimburgCountryNetherlandsPopulation • Total1.541 The Jekerkwartier (Dutch pronunciation: ; Limburgish: Jekerkerteer ) is a neighbourhood in the old city centre of Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands. It is named after the Jeker river that flows through the neighbourhood into the Meuse. Impressions Jeker near the Bisschopsmolen Leeuwenmolen Huis op de Jeker Typical street Grote Looiersstraat Sint Pieterstraat Oude Minderbroederskerk Helpoort  Nieuwenhof convent Conservatorium City park Poort Waerachtig tower near the Faliezusterpark vteMaastricht and related topicsCultureGeneral Flag Coat of arms Maastrichtian dialect Museums in Maastricht Sjeng The European Fine Art Fair (TEFAF) Education Jan van Eyck Academie Maastricht School of Management Maastricht University (incl. University College Maastricht) Zuyd University of Applied Sciences (incl. Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts Maastricht Academy of Fine Arts Maastricht Academy of Music) Maastricht School of Hotel Management History First Siege (1579) Capture of Maastricht (1632) History of the Jews in Maastricht Second Siege (1673) Third Siege (1748) Département de Meuse-Inférieure (1795-1814) Battle of Maastricht (1940) GeographyGeology & Hydrology Juliana Canal Maastrichtian (geological period) Meuse Mount Saint Peter Zuid-Willemsvaart Region / Urban area Meuse-Rhine Euroregion South Limburg Lanaken (B) Riemst (B) (Kanne) Visé (B) Neighbourhoods Amby Beatrixhaven Belfort Belvédère Biesland Binnenstad Borgharen Boschpoort Boschstraatkwartier Bosscherveld Brusselsepoort Caberg Campagne Daalhof Dousberg-Hazendans Frontenkwartier De Heeg Heer Heugem Heugemerveld Itteren Jekerdal Jekerkwartier Kommelkwartier Lanakerveld Limmel Malberg Malpertuis Mariaberg Meerssenhoven Nazareth Oud-Caberg Pottenberg Randwyck Scharn Sint Maartenspoort Sint Pieter Statenkwartier Villapark Vroendaal Wittevrouwenveld Wyck-Céramique Wyckerpoort PoliticsLocal politics Historical mayors Wim Hillenaar (current mayor) International politics Maastricht Treaty (1992) Sports Amstel Gold Race (cycling) Maastricht Wildcats (American football) MVV (football) Ridderronde Transportation A2 motorway Maastricht Aachen Airport (shared with Aachen, Germany) Maastricht railway station Maastricht Noord railway station Maastricht Randwyck railway station Hasselt – Maastricht tramway (cancelled) capital of the Province of Limburg, Netherlands 50°50′39″N 5°41′29″E / 50.84417°N 5.69139°E / 50.84417; 5.69139
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[ˈjeːkərkʋɑrˌtiːr]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch"},{"link_name":"Limburgish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburgish_language"},{"link_name":"[ˈjeːkəʀkəʀˌteːʀ]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA"},{"link_name":"tone?","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup"},{"link_name":"Maastricht","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht"},{"link_name":"Limburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)"},{"link_name":"Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands"},{"link_name":"Jeker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeker"},{"link_name":"Meuse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meuse_(river)"}],"text":"Neighbourhood in Netherlands, Limburg, MaastrichtThe Jekerkwartier (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjeːkərkʋɑrˌtiːr]; Limburgish: Jekerkerteer [ˈjeːkəʀkəʀˌteːʀ])[tone?] is a neighbourhood in the old city centre of Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands. It is named after the Jeker river that flows through the neighbourhood into the Meuse.","title":"Jekerkwartier"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maastricht-Bisschopsmolen-6.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maastricht-Leeuwenmolen-Neustadtmolen_(1).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Absolute_Maastricht_HDR_01.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jekerkwartier07.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maastricht-Grote_Looiersstraat-2.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MaastrichtStreet.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Franciscanerkerk_Maastricht.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maastricht_Helpoort_BW_2017-08-19_13-58-28.jpg"},{"link_name":"Helpoort","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helpoort&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"nl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helpoort"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:University_college_maastricht_hansbeijerplein.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maastricht-Conservatorium-1.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stadsparkmaastricht.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Poort_Waerachtig.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maastricht,_toren_bij_het_Faliezusterpark_foto4_2011-01-30_13.35.JPG"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Maastricht"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Maastricht"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maastricht"},{"link_name":"Maastricht and related topics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht"},{"link_name":"Flag","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Maastricht"},{"link_name":"Coat of arms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Maastricht"},{"link_name":"Maastrichtian dialect","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian_dialect"},{"link_name":"Museums in Maastricht","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Maastricht"},{"link_name":"Sjeng","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeng_(name)"},{"link_name":"The European Fine Art Fair (TEFAF)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_European_Fine_Art_Fair"},{"link_name":"Jan van Eyck Academie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck_Academie"},{"link_name":"Maastricht School of Management","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_School_of_Management"},{"link_name":"Maastricht University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_University"},{"link_name":"University College Maastricht","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_College_Maastricht"},{"link_name":"Zuyd University of Applied Sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuyd_University"},{"link_name":"Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_Academy_of_Dramatic_Arts"},{"link_name":"Maastricht Academy of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_Academy_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"Maastricht Academy of Music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_Academy_of_Music"},{"link_name":"Maastricht School of Hotel Management","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maastricht_School_of_Hotel_Management&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"First Siege (1579)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Maastricht_(1579)"},{"link_name":"Capture of Maastricht (1632)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Maastricht"},{"link_name":"History of the Jews in Maastricht","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Maastricht"},{"link_name":"Second Siege (1673)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Maastricht_(1673)"},{"link_name":"Third Siege (1748)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Maastricht_(1748)"},{"link_name":"Département de Meuse-Inférieure (1795-1814)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meuse-Inf%C3%A9rieure"},{"link_name":"Battle of Maastricht (1940)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Maastricht"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Maastricht.svg"},{"link_name":"Juliana Canal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_Canal"},{"link_name":"Maastrichtian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian_(geological_period)"},{"link_name":"Meuse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meuse"},{"link_name":"Mount Saint Peter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Saint_Peter"},{"link_name":"Zuid-Willemsvaart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuid-Willemsvaart"},{"link_name":"Meuse-Rhine Euroregion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meuse-Rhine_Euroregion"},{"link_name":"South Limburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Limburg"},{"link_name":"Lanaken","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanaken"},{"link_name":"B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium"},{"link_name":"Riemst","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemst"},{"link_name":"Kanne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanne"},{"link_name":"Visé","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vis%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"Amby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amby,_Maastricht"},{"link_name":"Beatrixhaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beatrixhaven_(Maastricht)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Belfort","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belfort_(Maastricht)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Belvédère","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belv%C3%A9d%C3%A8re_(Maastricht)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Biesland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biesland_(Maastricht)"},{"link_name":"Binnenstad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binnenstad_(Maastricht)"},{"link_name":"Borgharen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgharen"},{"link_name":"Boschpoort","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boschpoort"},{"link_name":"Boschstraatkwartier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boschstraatkwartier"},{"link_name":"Bosscherveld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bosscherveld&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Brusselsepoort","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brusselsepoort_(Maastricht)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Caberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caberg&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Campagne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campagne_(Maastricht)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Daalhof","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daalhof&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Dousberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dousberg&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hazendans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazendans&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Frontenkwartier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frontenkwartier&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"De Heeg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_Heeg&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Heer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heer_(Maastricht)"},{"link_name":"Heugem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heugem&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Heugemerveld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heugemerveld&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Itteren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itteren"},{"link_name":"Jekerdal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jekerdal_(neighbourhood)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Jekerkwartier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Kommelkwartier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kommelkwartier&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Lanakerveld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lanakerveld&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Limmel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limmel"},{"link_name":"Malberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malberg_(Maastricht)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Malpertuis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malpertuis_(Maastricht)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mariaberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mariaberg_(Maastricht)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Meerssenhoven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meerssenhoven&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Nazareth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nazareth_(Maastricht)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Oud-Caberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oud-Caberg&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Pottenberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pottenberg&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Randwyck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randwyck"},{"link_name":"Scharn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scharn&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sint Maartenspoort","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sint_Maartenspoort&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sint Pieter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint_Pieter"},{"link_name":"Statenkwartier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Statenkwartier_(Maastricht)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Villapark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villapark_(Maastricht)"},{"link_name":"Vroendaal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vroendaal&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Wittevrouwenveld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wittevrouwenveld&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Wyck-Céramique","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyck_(Maastricht)"},{"link_name":"Wyckerpoort","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wyckerpoort&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Historical mayors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Maastricht"},{"link_name":"Wim Hillenaar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wim_Hillenaar&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Maastricht Treaty (1992)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty"},{"link_name":"Amstel Gold Race","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amstel_Gold_Race"},{"link_name":"cycling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing"},{"link_name":"Maastricht Wildcats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_Wildcats"},{"link_name":"American football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football"},{"link_name":"MVV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVV_Maastricht"},{"link_name":"football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football"},{"link_name":"Ridderronde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridderronde_Maastricht"},{"link_name":"A2 motorway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A2_motorway_(Netherlands)"},{"link_name":"Maastricht Aachen Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_Aachen_Airport"},{"link_name":"Aachen, Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen"},{"link_name":"Maastricht railway station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Maastricht Noord railway station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_Noord_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Maastricht Randwyck railway station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_Randwyck_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Hasselt – Maastricht tramway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasselt_%E2%80%93_Maastricht_tramway"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Limburg_(Netherlands).svg"},{"link_name":"Province of Limburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands"},{"link_name":"Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands"},{"link_name":"50°50′39″N 5°41′29″E / 50.84417°N 5.69139°E / 50.84417; 5.69139","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jekerkwartier&params=50_50_39_N_5_41_29_E_region:NL_type:city_source:kolossus-nlwiki"}],"text":"Jeker near the Bisschopsmolen\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tLeeuwenmolen\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tHuis op de Jeker\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTypical street\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tGrote Looiersstraat\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSint Pieterstraat\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tOude Minderbroederskerk\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tHelpoort [nl]\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tNieuwenhof convent\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tConservatorium\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tCity park\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tPoort Waerachtig\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\ttower near the FaliezusterparkvteMaastricht and related topicsCultureGeneral\nFlag\nCoat of arms\nMaastrichtian dialect\nMuseums in Maastricht\nSjeng\nThe European Fine Art Fair (TEFAF)\nEducation\nJan van Eyck Academie\nMaastricht School of Management\nMaastricht University (incl. University College Maastricht)\nZuyd University of Applied Sciences (incl. Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts\nMaastricht Academy of Fine Arts\nMaastricht Academy of Music)\nMaastricht School of Hotel Management\nHistory\nFirst Siege (1579)\nCapture of Maastricht (1632)\nHistory of the Jews in Maastricht\nSecond Siege (1673)\nThird Siege (1748)\nDépartement de Meuse-Inférieure (1795-1814)\nBattle of Maastricht (1940)\nGeographyGeology & Hydrology\nJuliana Canal\nMaastrichtian (geological period)\nMeuse\nMount Saint Peter\nZuid-Willemsvaart\nRegion / Urban area\nMeuse-Rhine Euroregion\nSouth Limburg\nLanaken (B)\nRiemst (B) (Kanne)\nVisé (B)\nNeighbourhoods\nAmby\nBeatrixhaven\nBelfort\nBelvédère\nBiesland\nBinnenstad\nBorgharen\nBoschpoort\nBoschstraatkwartier\nBosscherveld\nBrusselsepoort\nCaberg\nCampagne\nDaalhof\nDousberg-Hazendans\nFrontenkwartier\nDe Heeg\nHeer\nHeugem\nHeugemerveld\nItteren\nJekerdal\nJekerkwartier\nKommelkwartier\nLanakerveld\nLimmel\nMalberg\nMalpertuis\nMariaberg\nMeerssenhoven\nNazareth\nOud-Caberg\nPottenberg\nRandwyck\nScharn\nSint Maartenspoort\nSint Pieter\nStatenkwartier\nVillapark\nVroendaal\nWittevrouwenveld\nWyck-Céramique\nWyckerpoort\nPoliticsLocal politics\nHistorical mayors\nWim Hillenaar (current mayor)\nInternational politics\nMaastricht Treaty (1992)\nSports\nAmstel Gold Race (cycling)\nMaastricht Wildcats (American football)\nMVV (football)\nRidderronde\nTransportation\nA2 motorway\nMaastricht Aachen Airport (shared with Aachen, Germany)\nMaastricht railway station\nMaastricht Noord railway station\nMaastricht Randwyck railway station\nHasselt – Maastricht tramway (cancelled)\ncapital of the Province of Limburg, Netherlands50°50′39″N 5°41′29″E / 50.84417°N 5.69139°E / 50.84417; 5.69139","title":"Impressions"}]
[]
null
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Spruell
Freddie Spruell
["1 Biography","2 Legacy","3 Discography","4 See also","5 References","6 External links"]
Freddie SpruellAlso known asPapa Freddie, Mr. FreddieBorn(1893-12-28)December 28, 1893Lake Providence, Louisiana, United StatesDiedJune 19, 1956(1956-06-19) (aged 62)Chicago, Illinois, United StatesGenresDelta bluescountry bluesOccupation(s)GuitaristsingersongwriterInstrument(s)GuitarvocalsYears active1920s–1940sLabelsOkeh, Bluebird, ParamountMusical artist Freddie Spruell (December 28, 1893 – June 19, 1956) was an American Delta blues guitarist and singer, variously billed as Papa Freddie or Mr. Freddie. He is generally regarded as the first Delta bluesman to be recorded ("Milk Cow Blues", 1926), although Mamie Smith (1920), Ed Andrews (1923) and Blind Lemon Jefferson (1925) predated him in recording the first blues records. Details of his life are sketchy and sometimes contradictory. Biography Spruell was probably born in Lake Providence, Louisiana. He relocated with his family to Chicago, Illinois, when he was a young child. His Social Security records gave his birth date as December 1893. In spite of his urban residence, his recordings are classed as Delta blues and are noted for his musical styling. On June 25, 1926, Spruell recorded "Milk Cow Blues" in Chicago. The track was released by Okeh Records, backed with "Muddy Water Blues", recorded in November that year; both sides were credited to Papa Freddie. His second single release was "Way Back Down Home", backed with the same recording of "Muddy Water Blues". He recorded two more songs in 1928, one of which was "Tom Cat Blues", issued by Paramount Records and credited to Mr. Freddie Spruell. Five more songs were recorded in April 1935 and released by Bluebird Records under the name of Mr. Freddie. In this session he recorded "Let's Go Riding", his best-known song. Carl Martin played second guitar accompanying Spruell on the track. At the insistence of his mother, Spruell stopped playing secular music in the mid-1940s. He became a Baptist preacher. Spruell died in Chicago in June 1956, after a lengthy stay in hospital. He was aged 62. No death certificate has been found. All his recorded work is on the compilation album Mississippi Blues, Vol. 2 (1926–1935), The Complete Recorded Works of Arthur Petties, Freddie Spruell, Willie "Poor Boy" Lofton. Legacy "Let's Go Riding" was used in the soundtrack of the 2001 film Ghost World. Discography Mississippi Blues, vol. 2 (1926–1935), The Complete Recorded Works of Arthur Petties, Freddie Spruell, Willie "Poor Boy" Lofton, Document Records, 1994 See also List of Delta blues musicians References ^ a b c d e f Leggett, Steve. "Freddie Spruell: Biography". Allmusic.com. Retrieved December 6, 2010. ^ a b c "Freddie Spruell". Weeniecampbell.com. Retrieved December 6, 2011. ^ Gioia, Ted (2008). Delta Blues: The Life and Times of the Mississippi Masters Who Revolutionized American Music. New York: W. W. Norton. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-393-06258-8. ^ a b Wirz, Stefan. "Freddie Spruell Discography". Wirz.de. Retrieved December 6, 2011. ^ a b "Various artists, Mississippi Blues: Complete Recorded Works, Vol. 2 (1926–1935): Review". Allmusic.com. External links Mini biography at thebluestrail.com Illustrated Freddie Spruell discography Authority control databases International ISNI Artists MusicBrainz
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He is generally regarded as the first Delta bluesman to be recorded (\"Milk Cow Blues\", 1926), although Mamie Smith (1920), Ed Andrews (1923) and Blind Lemon Jefferson (1925) predated him in recording the first blues records.[1] Details of his life are sketchy and sometimes contradictory.","title":"Freddie Spruell"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lake Providence, Louisiana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Providence,_Louisiana"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gioia-3"},{"link_name":"Chicago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago"},{"link_name":"Illinois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois"},{"link_name":"recordings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction"},{"link_name":"Delta blues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_blues"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AMG-1"},{"link_name":"Okeh Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okeh_Records"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AMG-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wirz-4"},{"link_name":"single","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_(music)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wirz-4"},{"link_name":"Paramount Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Records"},{"link_name":"Bluebird Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebird_Records"},{"link_name":"Carl Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Martin_(musician)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AMG-1"},{"link_name":"Baptist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptists"},{"link_name":"preacher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preacher"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Weenie-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Weenie-2"},{"link_name":"compilation album","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilation_album"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Album-5"}],"text":"Spruell was probably born in Lake Providence, Louisiana.[3] He relocated with his family to Chicago, Illinois, when he was a young child. His Social Security records gave his birth date as December 1893. In spite of his urban residence, his recordings are classed as Delta blues and are noted for his musical styling.[1] On June 25, 1926, Spruell recorded \"Milk Cow Blues\" in Chicago. The track was released by Okeh Records, backed with \"Muddy Water Blues\", recorded in November that year; both sides were credited to Papa Freddie.[1][4] His second single release was \"Way Back Down Home\", backed with the same recording of \"Muddy Water Blues\".[4] He recorded two more songs in 1928, one of which was \"Tom Cat Blues\", issued by Paramount Records and credited to Mr. Freddie Spruell. Five more songs were recorded in April 1935 and released by Bluebird Records under the name of Mr. Freddie. In this session he recorded \"Let's Go Riding\", his best-known song. Carl Martin played second guitar accompanying Spruell on the track.[1] At the insistence of his mother, Spruell stopped playing secular music in the mid-1940s. He became a Baptist preacher.[2] Spruell died in Chicago in June 1956, after a lengthy stay in hospital. He was aged 62. No death certificate has been found.[2] All his recorded work is on the compilation album Mississippi Blues, Vol. 2 (1926–1935), The Complete Recorded Works of Arthur Petties, Freddie Spruell, Willie \"Poor Boy\" Lofton.[5]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"soundtrack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundtrack"},{"link_name":"Ghost World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_World_(film)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AMG-1"}],"text":"\"Let's Go Riding\" was used in the soundtrack of the 2001 film Ghost World.[1]","title":"Legacy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Document Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Records"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Album-5"}],"text":"Mississippi Blues, vol. 2 (1926–1935), The Complete Recorded Works of Arthur Petties, Freddie Spruell, Willie \"Poor Boy\" Lofton, Document Records, 1994[5]","title":"Discography"}]
[]
[{"title":"List of Delta blues musicians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Delta_blues_musicians"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malama_Katulwende
Malama Katulwende
["1 Publications","2 The Novel Bitterness","3 Texts about Malama Katulwende","4 References","5 External links"]
Zambian author and thinker (born 1967) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (November 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (November 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Malama KatulwendeBorn5 July 1967Lubwe, Chifunabuli District, Luapula Province of ZambiaNationalityZambianEducation St Charles Lwanga Seminary School, Lubushi Seminary School, University of Zambia (UNZA) Occupations Novelist poet essayist AwardsJulius Chongo Award 2006 for Best Creative Writing at the Ngoma Awards Ceremony Malama Katulwende is a Zambian author and thinker, born in the Luapula province. A teacher by profession and educated in Catholic Seminaries and at the University of Zambia (UNZA), he first appeared on the literary scene with poems published in an anthology titled Under the African Skies: Poetry form Zambia in 2001. In 2005, his novel Bitterness was published in the United States and launched him internationally as a young, promising African writer. For this novel he was awarded the 2006 Julius Chongo Best Creative Writer in Zambia at the Ngoma Awards Ceremony held in Lusaka. The book has been used by Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, among others, for courses in anthropology. In 2011, Katulwende published a philosophical collection of essays, The Fire At The Core: Discourses on Aesthetics, Music, Jurisprudence, Ethno-Politics and Good Governance, in which he tackled recurring themes of Zambia's underdevelopment and political decadence. The treatises "Why Should We Obey the Law" and “The Clouds” in this collection of essays placed him as one of the most profound and interesting thinkers to have emerged from Africa, worthy of study. His 2018 collection of poetry titled Drums of War established him as a poet with a great command of African imagery. His work at Knowledgegates, an Information Technology company he co-founded in 2006, led him to co-write and publish. In 2014, the book Teach Yourself Computers: A Practical Guide to Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Publisher and Internet Applications. Katulwende is the owner of the Thorn Bird Literary Agency in Lusaka and editor at the Zambian magazine The Zambian Teacher. Publications Book cover of Malama Katulwende's "The Fire at the Core" Books: Under the African Skies: Poetry form Zambia, Zambia Women Writers Association (2001), 142 p. Bitterness (novel), New York: Mondial (2005), 288 p. The Fire At The Core: Discourses on Aesthetics, Music, Jurisprudence, Ethno-Politics and Good Governance (essays), New York: Mondial (2011), 218 p. (with James Kapesa) Teach Yourself Computers: A Practical Guide to Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Publisher and Internet Applications, Lusaka: Mafinga Publishers Limited (2014), 376 p. Drums of War (poetry), AuthorHouseUK (2018), 92 p. Other Texts (Selection): Re-evaluating Mwanawasa's legacy, 3rd Edition. In: Zambian Economist, 13 October 2008 The Lumpa Massacre. In: Zambian Economist, 27 March 2010 A dogged abuse of copyright rules.... In: Zambian Economist, 29 August 2010 Foreword to: This Time, Tomorrow. A Compendium of Laboured Voices from the Zambian Komboni – an anthology of poems composed by the late Mwange Kauseni, edited by Malama Katulwende Zambia’s Kalindula Music: Death, Drums, And Poetry. In: The Culture Trip, 20 October 2016 Classroom Questions and Their Formulation. In: The Zambian Teacher, 29 January 2018 Schemes of Work. In: The Zambian Teacher, 8 July 2018 Teaching As An Art and As A Science. In: The Zambian Teacher, 8 July 2018 How To Create A Lesson Plan. In: The Zambian Teacher, 26 October 2018 The Novel Bitterness Book cover of Malama Katulwende's novel "Bitterness" For this novel published in 2005 in New York, the author received the Julius Chongo Award 2006 for Best Creative Writing at the Ngoma Awards Ceremony. "Tribal and social affiliations and the student riots at the University of Zambia, in a captivating and intelligent story about love, political involvement and individual responsibilities. This is one of the most realistic and passionate contemporary novels about the life of young people in today's Africa, written by Malama Katulwende, a Zambian poet and intellectual. It describes the seeming incompatibility of old African traditions and modern life, depicts the political struggle of Zambia's students, and the hope and despair of the book's main character, his family, lover, and friends. Based on real events, this novel provides an insight into African history, daily life, and culture, at the example of an oppressive society. Imagine Europe's revolts of 1968 in Austral Africa..." (From the back cover). "Malama Katulwende’s Bitterness was published in 2005 by Mondial in New York. It is a Bildungsroman, it is not only a boy’s growth from childhood to adulthood but also his psychological growth from ignorance to an open minded awareness of himself. In order for this transformation to take place, the protagonist Besa must defy all odds and defy his family’s wishes. His journey takes him from his home village in Samfya to the University of Zambia, back to his village and finally Lusaka. – The novel mixes fact and fiction. Although the characters are fictional, the settings are real places which a reader may recognise when reading. The University of Zambia for example is a factual place. One may further realise that the timing of the novel in terms of duration is realistic. For example the time Besa spends at the university is believable. Further, the plot is believable because it fits into the real world’s dimension and even gives the impression that such a story has happened before in the real world. While this technique of blending fact and fiction helps to make the story believable, it raises complexity in that one can no longer differentiate fact from fiction." (Mwaka Siluonde, cf. note 20) "Published by Mondial in New York, the 281-page novel resonates with the anger of Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, the pessimism of Ayi Kwei Armah and the lyricism of Chinua Achebe, but in his own voice, Katulwende explains why the centre can no longer hold in a land where a beggar who stretches out his hand for a cob of maize is beaten to death by an angry, blood thirsty mob, and where youth is powerless against the inscrutability of a future which runs like a river with no end... In his view, things are falling apart because the shrine is no more. The gods of his forefathers are dead and his people have befriended those who have always stood against them, imitating their ways and worshipping their gods. At this point, Katulwende's anger slowly crystallizes into an Africanist ideology." (Excerpt from Edem Djokotoe's book review A Taste Of Bittersweet Bile. In: The Post (Zambia) - February 24, 2006) Texts about Malama Katulwende Siluonde, Mwaka (2015). A Comparative Analysis of Narrative Technique and Plot Structure in two Zambian Novels: John Luangala's The Chosen Bud and Malama Katulwende's Bitterness (Thesis). Malama Katulwende: A Zambian Literary Voice (Culture Trip, 11 October 2016) Kelvin Kachingwe: Mwange Kauseni's anthology of poems published. In: Zambia Daily Mail Limited, 1 February 2017 References ^ Malama Katulwende: Under the African Skies: Poetry form Zambia, Zambia Women Writers Association (2001), 142 p., ISBN 9789982991148 ^ Malama Katulwende: Bitterness, New York: Mondial (2005), 288 p., ISBN 9781595690319 ^ Cf. Edem Djokotoe: Zambia: A Taste of Bittersweet Bile, Literary review of Bitterness: allafrica.com and mondialbooks.com ^ Malama Katulwende: The Fire At The Core: Discourses on Aesthetics, Music, Jurisprudence, Ethno-Politics and Good Governance, New York: Mondial (2011), 218 p., ISBN 9781595691934 ^ In his literary review "Katulwende reignites negritude in ‘Fires at the Core’", reviewer October writes about these two essays: "The ease with which principles of law and philosophical arguments are applied on the Zambian scene is a matter of pure genius and sign of the author's full comprehension of the underlying fabrics of the pieces." (octobergallery.com) ^ Malama Katulwende: Drums of War, AuthorHouseUK (2018), 92 p., ISBN 9781546293378 ^ knowledgegates.co.zm ^ James Kapesa, Malama Katulwende: Teach Yourself Computers: A Practical Guide to Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Publisher and Internet Applications, Lusaka: Mafinga Publishers Limited (2014), 376 p. ^ facebook.com/pg/thornbirdagency ^ The Zambian Teacher (zambianteacher.net) ^ Malama Katulwende: Re-evaluating Mwanawasa's legacy, 3rd Edition. In: Zambian Economist, 13 October 2008 (zambian-economist.com/2008/10/re-evaluating-mwanawasas-legacy-3rd.html) ^ Malama Katulwende: The Lumpa Massacre. In: Zambian Economist, 27 March 2010 (zambian-economist.com/2010/03/lumpa-massacre.html) ^ Malama Katulwende: A dogged abuse of copyright rules.... In: Zambian Economist, 29 August 2010 (zambian-economist.com/2010/08/dogged-abuse-of-copyright-rules.html) ^ Mwange Kauseni: This Time, Tomorrow. A Compendium of Laboured Voices from the Zambian Komboni, AuthorhouseUK (2016), 100 p., ISBN 9781524664718 ^ Malama Katulwende: Zambia’s Kalindula Music: Death, Drums, And Poetry. In: The Culture Trip, 20 October 2016 (theculturetrip.com/africa/zambia/articles/zambia-s-kalindula...) ^ Malama Katulwende: Classroom Questions and Their Formulation. In: The Zambian Teacher, 29 January 2018 (zambianteacher.net/post/classroom-questions-and-their-formulation) ^ Malama Katulwende: Schemes of Work. In: The Zambian Teacher, 8 July 2018 (zambianteacher.net/post/schemes-of-work) ^ Malama Katulwende: Teaching As An Art and As A Science. In: The Zambian Teacher, 8 July 2018 (zambianteacher.net/post/teaching-as-an-art-and-as-a-science) ^ Malama Katulwende: How To Create A Lesson Plan. In: The Zambian Teacher, 26 October 2018 (zambianteacher.net/post/how-to-create-a-lesson-plan...) ^ The Post (Zambia) does not exist anymore; it was shut down by the Zambian government. The books review has been reproduced on the website of the books publisher, Mondial (mondialbooks.com/other-fiction/malama-katulwende-bitterness-reviews.html#post) ^ Malama Katulwende: A Zambian Literary Voice (theculturetrip.com/africa/zambia/articles/malama-katulwende-a-zambian-literary-voice/) ^ Kelvin Kachingwe: Mwange Kauseni's anthology of poems published. In: Zambia Daily Mail Limited, 1 February 2017 daily-mail.co.zm/mwange-kausenis-anthology-of-poems-published/ External links Malama Katulwende's Facebook Page Bitterness page on the website of Mondial (Katulwende's publisher in New York, NY) Page of The Fire at the Core on the website of Mondial (Katulwende's publisher in New York, NY) Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF National Germany United States
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Zambian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia"},{"link_name":"Luapula province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luapula_Province"},{"link_name":"University of Zambia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Zambia"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"Ngoma Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngoma_Awards"},{"link_name":"Lusaka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka"},{"link_name":"Emory University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emory_University"},{"link_name":"Atlanta, Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"anthropology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropology"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"Malama Katulwende is a Zambian author and thinker, born in the Luapula province. A teacher by profession and educated in Catholic Seminaries and at the University of Zambia (UNZA), he first appeared on the literary scene with poems published in an anthology titled Under the African Skies: Poetry form Zambia[1] in 2001.In 2005, his novel Bitterness[2] was published in the United States and launched him internationally as a young, promising African writer. For this novel he was awarded the 2006 Julius Chongo Best Creative Writer in Zambia at the Ngoma Awards Ceremony held in Lusaka. The book has been used by Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, among others, for courses in anthropology.[3]In 2011, Katulwende published a philosophical collection of essays, The Fire At The Core: Discourses on Aesthetics, Music, Jurisprudence, Ethno-Politics and Good Governance,[4] in which he tackled recurring themes of Zambia's underdevelopment and political decadence. The treatises \"Why Should We Obey the Law\" and “The Clouds” in this collection of essays placed him as one of the most profound and interesting thinkers to have emerged from Africa, worthy of study.[5]His 2018 collection of poetry titled Drums of War[6] established him as a poet with a great command of African imagery.His work at Knowledgegates,[7] an Information Technology company he co-founded in 2006, led him to co-write and publish. In 2014, the book Teach Yourself Computers: A Practical Guide to Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Publisher and Internet Applications.[8]Katulwende is the owner of the Thorn Bird Literary Agency in Lusaka[9] and editor at the Zambian magazine The Zambian Teacher.[10]","title":"Malama Katulwende"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malame-katulwende-fire-at-the-core.jpg"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"text":"Book cover of Malama Katulwende's \"The Fire at the Core\"Books:Under the African Skies: Poetry form Zambia, Zambia Women Writers Association (2001), 142 p.\nBitterness (novel), New York: Mondial (2005), 288 p.\nThe Fire At The Core: Discourses on Aesthetics, Music, Jurisprudence, Ethno-Politics and Good Governance (essays), New York: Mondial (2011), 218 p.\n(with James Kapesa) Teach Yourself Computers: A Practical Guide to Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Publisher and Internet Applications, Lusaka: Mafinga Publishers Limited (2014), 376 p.\nDrums of War (poetry), AuthorHouseUK (2018), 92 p.Other Texts (Selection):Re-evaluating Mwanawasa's legacy, 3rd Edition. In: Zambian Economist, 13 October 2008[11]\nThe Lumpa Massacre. In: Zambian Economist, 27 March 2010[12]\nA dogged abuse of copyright rules.... In: Zambian Economist, 29 August 2010[13]\nForeword to: This Time, Tomorrow. A Compendium of Laboured Voices from the Zambian Komboni – an anthology of poems composed by the late Mwange Kauseni, edited by Malama Katulwende[14]\nZambia’s Kalindula Music: Death, Drums, And Poetry. In: The Culture Trip, 20 October 2016[15]\nClassroom Questions and Their Formulation. In: The Zambian Teacher, 29 January 2018[16]\nSchemes of Work. In: The Zambian Teacher, 8 July 2018[17]\nTeaching As An Art and As A Science. In: The Zambian Teacher, 8 July 2018[18]\nHow To Create A Lesson Plan. In: The Zambian Teacher, 26 October 2018[19]","title":"Publications"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malama-katulwende-bitterness.jpg"},{"link_name":"Ngoma Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngoma_Awards"},{"link_name":"Bildungsroman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bildungsroman"},{"link_name":"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9g%C4%A9_wa_Thiong%27o"},{"link_name":"Ayi Kwei Armah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayi_Kwei_Armah"},{"link_name":"Chinua Achebe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinua_Achebe"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"text":"Book cover of Malama Katulwende's novel \"Bitterness\"For this novel published in 2005 in New York, the author received the Julius Chongo Award 2006 for Best Creative Writing at the Ngoma Awards Ceremony.\"Tribal and social affiliations and the student riots at the University of Zambia, in a captivating and intelligent story about love, political involvement and individual responsibilities. This is one of the most realistic and passionate contemporary novels about the life of young people in today's Africa, written by Malama Katulwende, a Zambian poet and intellectual. It describes the seeming incompatibility of old African traditions and modern life, depicts the political struggle of Zambia's students, and the hope and despair of the book's main character, his family, lover, and friends. Based on real events, this novel provides an insight into African history, daily life, and culture, at the example of an oppressive society. Imagine Europe's revolts of 1968 in Austral Africa...\" (From the back cover).\"Malama Katulwende’s Bitterness was published in 2005 by Mondial in New York. It is a Bildungsroman, it is not only a boy’s growth from childhood to adulthood but also his psychological growth from ignorance to an open minded awareness of himself. In order for this transformation to take place, the protagonist Besa must defy all odds and defy his family’s wishes. His journey takes him from his home village in Samfya to the University of Zambia,\nback to his village and finally Lusaka. – The novel mixes fact and fiction. Although the characters are fictional, the settings are real places which a reader may recognise when reading. The University of Zambia for example is a factual place. One may further realise that the timing of the novel in terms of duration is realistic. For example the time Besa spends at the university is believable. Further, the plot is believable because it fits into the real world’s dimension and even gives the impression that such a story has happened before in the real world. While this technique of blending fact and fiction helps to make the story believable, it raises complexity in that one can no longer differentiate fact from fiction.\" (Mwaka Siluonde, cf. note 20)\"Published by Mondial in New York, the 281-page novel resonates with the anger of Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, the pessimism of Ayi Kwei Armah and the lyricism of Chinua Achebe, but in his own voice, Katulwende explains why the centre can no longer hold in a land where a beggar who stretches out his hand for a cob of maize is beaten to death by an angry, blood thirsty mob, and where youth is powerless against the inscrutability of a future which runs like a river with no end... In his view, things are falling apart because the shrine is no more. The gods of his forefathers are dead and his people have befriended those who have always stood against them, imitating their ways and worshipping their gods. At this point, Katulwende's anger slowly crystallizes into an Africanist ideology.\" (Excerpt from Edem Djokotoe's book review A Taste Of Bittersweet Bile. In: The Post (Zambia) - February 24, 2006[20])","title":"The Novel Bitterness"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"A Comparative Analysis of Narrative Technique and Plot Structure in two Zambian Novels: John Luangala's The Chosen Bud and Malama Katulwende's Bitterness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4291"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"}],"text":"Siluonde, Mwaka (2015). A Comparative Analysis of Narrative Technique and Plot Structure in two Zambian Novels: John Luangala's The Chosen Bud and Malama Katulwende's Bitterness (Thesis).\nMalama Katulwende: A Zambian Literary Voice (Culture Trip, 11 October 2016)[21]\nKelvin Kachingwe: Mwange Kauseni's anthology of poems published. In: Zambia Daily Mail Limited, 1 February 2017[22]","title":"Texts about Malama Katulwende"}]
[{"image_text":"Book cover of Malama Katulwende's \"The Fire at the Core\"","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Malame-katulwende-fire-at-the-core.jpg/220px-Malame-katulwende-fire-at-the-core.jpg"},{"image_text":"Book cover of Malama Katulwende's novel \"Bitterness\"","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Malama-katulwende-bitterness.jpg/220px-Malama-katulwende-bitterness.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"Siluonde, Mwaka (2015). A Comparative Analysis of Narrative Technique and Plot Structure in two Zambian Novels: John Luangala's The Chosen Bud and Malama Katulwende's Bitterness (Thesis).","urls":[{"url":"http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4291","url_text":"A Comparative Analysis of Narrative Technique and Plot Structure in two Zambian Novels: John Luangala's The Chosen Bud and Malama Katulwende's Bitterness"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ride_with_Bob:_A_Tribute_to_Bob_Wills_and_the_Texas_Playboys
Ride with Bob: A Tribute to Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys
["1 Background","2 Reception","2.1 Commercial","2.2 Critical","2.3 Accolades","3 Track listing","4 Personnel","5 Charts","6 References","7 External links"]
1999 studio album by Asleep at the WheelRide with Bob: A Tribute to Bob Wills and the Texas PlayboysStudio album by Asleep at the WheelReleasedAugust 10, 1999 (1999-08-10)RecordedJune 1998 – March 1999StudioBismeaux (Austin, Texas)Hum Depot (Nashville)sLoud Recording (Nashville)Westwood (Nashville)GenreCountryWestern swingLength60:18LabelDreamWorksProducerRay BensonAsleep at the Wheel chronology Merry Texas Christmas, Y'all(1997) Ride with Bob: A Tribute to Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys(1999) The Very Best of Asleep at the Wheel(2001) Ride with Bob: A Tribute to Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys is the 15th studio album and second tribute album by American country band Asleep at the Wheel. Recorded between June 1998 and March 1999 at studios in Austin, Texas, and Nashville, Tennessee, it was produced by the band's frontman Ray Benson and released on August 10, 1999, as the band's only album on DreamWorks Records. The album is another tribute to the music of Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys. Following the critical and commercial success of 1993's Tribute to the Music of Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys, Benson and Asleep at the Wheel decided to produce a second album composed of recordings made famous by Wills. As with the first album, Ride with Bob features a wide range of guest performers, including featured vocalists such as Don Walser, Reba McEntire and Willie Nelson. The album was Asleep at the Wheel's last to feature pianist and fiddler Chris Booher. Ride with Bob was a commercial and critical success. The album reached number 24 on the US Billboard Top Country Albums chart – the band's highest position since 1987's 10 – as well as giving the group its debut on the Top Heatseekers chart at number 15. It received mostly positive critical reviews and was nominated for seven Grammy Awards, three of which it won (for Best Recording Package, Best Country Instrumental Performance and Best Country Duo/Group Performance). Background Asleep at the Wheel decided to record a second Bob Wills tribute album for a number of reasons, including the induction of Wills and the Texas Playboys into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999. According to the band's frontman Ray Benson, though, the album "is as much about giving the young guys a chance to record these songs as it is about keeping Bob Wills's music out there," referring to the featured artists who took part in the album's recording. Explaining that the original plan in 1993 was to release a four-album set, he noted that "The passage of six years' time has been really a blessing because we've got a wider variety of people, a whole other generation of country musicians, and a broader sampling of what Western swing was." Speaking about the featured artists, he added that "My idea on was to draw attention to Asleep at the Wheel and Bob Wills's music by bringing in very non-Western swing artists like Tim McGraw and the Dixie Chicks. And it worked." Recording for Ride with Bob took place between March 1998 and June 1999 at Bismeaux Studio in Austin, Texas, and Hum Depot, Loud Recording and Westwood Sound Studio in Nashville, Tennessee. The album's title was chosen to represent the collection as "a celebration" of Wills's music and influence, which Benson claimed "has not gotten the mainstream due ... deserves". In reference to the selection of songs to record for Ride with Bob, Benson added that "This one has more of the styles of western swing that are so varied. We covered a lot on the last one, but this album has three big band numbers, then there's the Dixieland styles, and then there's the classic string band stuff." Ride with Bob was released on August 10, 1999, by DreamWorks Records. All of the album's recording sessions were filmed for a making-of video to be aired as a television special around the same time as the album's release. The video, produced by Benson and Dan Karlok, was also aired at the Austin Film Festival on October 14, 1999. Reception Commercial Ride with Bob: A Tribute to Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys debuted on the US Billboard Top Country Albums chart at its peak position of number 24. It was also the band's first release to register on the US Heatseekers Albums chart, on which it debuted at its number 15 peak. The album reportedly sold 6,000 copies in the US in its first week. Aside from the Billboard charts, Ride with Bob also reached number 1 on the Gavin Report Americana Albums chart, with Ray Benson commenting that, "Not only is it so cool after all these years to finally have a number one record, but to be on a chart with so many great artists is amazing. You look at the other people on this chart, and it makes you feel like your music is in good company." According to Benson, the album sold around 250,000 copies. Critical Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic Critical reviews for Ride with Bob were largely positive. AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine stated, "Since entire career feels like a living monument to Wills, it almost seems unnecessary for them to record tributes to the "King of Western Swing" – that is, until you hear the records," praising the album as "every bit as enjoyable" as the band's first Wills tribute. Billboard magazine published a review outlining that, "This Western swing tribute to the late Bob Wills is a spirited and knowledgeable stroll through Wills-era songs, aided by a star-studded cast." The Gavin Report simply called the album "remarkable". Laura Yonkin of The Courier-Journal suggested that "While it's not quite as pristine as their previous tribute, Asleep at the Wheel makes the latest ride with Bob a pleasure." On the contrary, a writer for the San Francisco Examiner hailed the album as "more than just another sequel". The Boston Globe columnist Craig Harris was even more positive, claiming that "The new disc ... outshines its predecessor." Sandi Davis of The Oklahoman wrote that "Every cut on Ride With Bob will take you back to the great days of radio, and maybe compel you to roll back the rug and dance the night away." The New York Daily News dubbed Ride with Bob "a terrific tribute", while Jerry Sharpe for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette called it "excellent". Accolades At the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards in 2000, Asleep at the Wheel received six nominations: Ride with Bob was shortlisted for Best Country Album and Best Recording Package, "Roly Poly" and "Going Away Party" were both nominated for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals, "Bob's Breakdowns" was included in the nominations for Best Country Instrumental Performance, and The Making of Ride with Bob was shortlisted for Best Long Form Music Video. Benson reportedly "didn't expect" to receive so many Grammy nominations, explaining that "I was really hoping to get maybe three , when they all started pouring in. The validation is that the people who vote on these are doing what I do every day: making music, recording music, composing music, arranging music." Ride with Bob won two of its six nominations, for Best Recording Package and Best Country Instrumental Performance (the latter of which was the band's sixth award in the category). Speaking at the ceremony, Benson suggested that he wanted to record more tribute albums in the future, explaining "I'd really like to do them for Cindy Walker, Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, and Ernest Tubb. That's my short-list. It's very realistic. I can do them any time." The next year, "Cherokee Maiden" won the Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. At the 2000 Country Music Association Awards, Asleep at the Wheel was nominated for Vocal Group of the Year and the song "Roly Poly" was nominated for Vocal Event of the Year. The band also received nominations in the categories of Top Vocal Group/Duo and Album of the Year – Artist at the 35th annual Academy of Country Music Awards in 2000. Track listing No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."Bob's Breakdowns" (featuring Tommy Allsup, Floyd Domino, Larry Franklin, Vince Gill and Steve Wariner)Ray BensonJason Roberts3:392."New San Antonio Rose" (featuring Dwight Yoakam)Bob Wills (arr. Tim Alexander)3:013."I Ain't Got Nobody" (featuring Don Walser)Spencer WilliamsRoger A. Graham (arr. Benson)3:314."Roly Poly" (featuring The Dixie Chicks)Fred Rose3:155."Heart to Heart Talk" (featuring Lee Ann Womack)Lee Ross3:266."Cherokee Maiden"Cindy Walker3:237."Maiden's Prayer" (featuring the Squirrel Nut Zippers)B. Wills (arr. Alexander)2:418."You're from Texas" (featuring Tracy Byrd)Walker3:149."Right or Wrong" (featuring Reba McEntire)Arthur SizemorePaul BieseHaven Gillespie2:4210."Faded Love" (featuring Shawn Colvin and Lyle Lovett)B. WillsJohn Wills4:2711."St. Louis Blues" (featuring Merle Haggard)W. C. Handy4:3412."End of the Line"B. WillsJohnny Gimble2:4713."Take Me Back to Tulsa" (featuring Clay Walker)B. WillsTommy Duncan3:0914."Milk Cow Blues" (featuring Tim McGraw)Kokomo Arnold5:5215."Stay All Night" (featuring Mark Chesnutt)B. WillsDuncan2:5816."Bob Wills Is Still the King" (featuring Clint Black)Waylon Jennings2:5017."Going Away Party" (featuring the Manhattan Transfer and Willie Nelson)Walker arr. Janis Siegel4:39Total length:60:18 Personnel Asleep at the Wheel Ray Benson – guitar, backing and lead vocals (backing on tracks 4, 10, 12 and 16; lead on tracks 6 and 8; co-lead on tracks 13–15; speech on tracks 3 and 11), production, art direction, video production Cindy Cashdollar – steel guitar David Miller – bass (all except tracks 7 and 10), backing vocals (tracks 6, 8, 12, 13 and 17) Chris Booher – piano (tracks 2–6, 9, 11 and 13–16), fiddle (tracks 1, 3 and 7), guitar and backing vocals (track 8) David Sanger – drums (all except track 7), percussion (track 7) Jason Roberts – fiddle (all tracks), mandolin (tracks 1, 8 and 12–14), backing and lead vocals (backing on tracks 8 and 13; lead on track 12) Michael Francis – tenor saxophone (tracks 2, 4, 6, 7 and 11), clarinet (tracks 2, 3, 6, 7 and 11), alto saxophone (tracks 7 and 11) Guest performers Tommy Allsup – guitar (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7–10, 12, 14 and 17) Floyd Domino – piano (tracks 1–3, 5, 6, 8, 10–12 and 17) Johnny Gimble – fiddle (tracks 8, 10–12, 15 and 17), mandolin (tracks 8, 11 and 12) Larry Franklin – fiddle (tracks 1, 5, 9 and 14) Dave Biller – guitar (tracks 13, 15 and 16) Dave Alexander – trumpet (tracks 2 and 8) Jody Nix – backing vocals (tracks 6 and 15) Jimbo Mathus – trombone (tracks 7 and 11) Je Widenhouse – trumpet (track 7), cornet (track 11) Larry Seyer – backing vocals (track 15), guitar (track 16) Vince Gill – guitar (track 1) Steve Wariner – guitar (track 1) Dwight Yoakam – lead vocals (track 2) Elias Haslanger – tenor saxophone (track 2) Tony Campise – alto saxophone (track 2) Don Walser – lead vocals (track 3) Natalie Maines – lead vocals (track 4) Tommy Nash – guitar (track 4) Emily Erwin – dobro (track 4) Martie Seidel – fiddle (track 4) Lee Ann Womack – lead vocals (track 5) Joe Manuel – guitar (track 5) Chris O'Connell – backing vocals (track 5) Larry Gatlin – backing vocals (track 5) Katharine Whalen – lead vocals (track 7) Stuart Cole – bass (track 7) Tim Alexander – piano (track 7) Chris Phillips – drums (track 7) Tom Maxwell – tenor and baritone saxophones (track 7) Tracy Byrd – lead vocals (track 8) Curly Hollingsworth – piano (track 8) Reba McEntire – lead vocals (track 9) Herb Remington – steel guitar (track 9) Shawn Colvin – co-lead vocals (track 10) Lyle Lovett – co-lead vocals (track 10) Pat Bergeson – guitar (track 10) Viktor Krauss – bass (track 10) Merle Haggard – lead vocals (track 11) Rick McRae – fiddle and guitar (track 12) Clay Walker – co-lead vocals (track 13) Tim McGraw – co-lead vocals (track 14) Mark Chesnutt – co-lead vocals (track 15) Clint Black – lead vocals (track 16) Hayden Nicholas – guitar (track 16) Willie Nelson – lead vocals (track 17) The Manhattan Transfer – backing vocals (track 17) Additional personnel Buddy Jackson – art direction Sally Carns – art direction Dan Karlok – video production Charts Chart (1999) Peakposition US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) 15 US Top Country Albums (Billboard) 24 References ^ a b Flowers, Paulette (September 26, 1999). "Asleep At The Wheel: Going for a ride with Bob". The Index-Journal. p. 31. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ a b Evans Price, Deborah (June 19, 1999). "Wills Is King On 'Ride With Bob'" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 111, no. 25. New York City, New York: BPI Communications. p. 38. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ Burch, Cathalena E. (October 12, 2001). "Record sales no indicator of Wheel's true success". Arizona Daily Star. p. 95. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ a b c Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Ride with Bob - Asleep at the Wheel: Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ a b Evans Price, Deborah (June 19, 1999). "Wills Is King On 'Ride With Bob'" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 111, no. 25. New York City, New York: BPI Communications. p. 40. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ Flippo, Chet (April 24, 1999). "Nashville Scene" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 111, no. 17. New York City, New York: BPI Communications. p. 28. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ "AATW Unveils Wills" (PDF). Billboard Country Airplay Monitor. Vol. 7, no. 44. New York City, New York: BPI Communications. October 29, 1999. p. 6. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ a b "Top Country Albums" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 111, no. 17. New York City, New York: BPI Communications. August 28, 1999. p. 37. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ a b "Billboard's Heatseekers Albums Chart" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 111, no. 17. New York City, New York: BPI Communications. August 28, 1999. p. 24. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ Jessen, Wade (August 28, 1999). "Country Corner" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 111, no. 17. New York City, New York: BPI Communications. p. 38. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ "Gavin Americana: Music Notes" (PDF). Gavin Report. No. 2277. San Francisco, California: Miller Freeman. October 25, 1999. p. 61. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ Bessman, Jim (May 12, 2001). "Asleep At the Wheel Rerecords 'Very Best' For Relentless" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 113, no. 19. New York City, New York: BPI Communications. p. 106. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ "Reviews & Previews" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 111, no. 33. New York City, New York: BPI Communications. August 14, 1999. p. 17. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ "Gavin Americana: Music Notes" (PDF). Gavin Report. No. 2264. San Francisco, California: Miller Freeman. July 19, 1999. p. 57. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ Younkin, Laura (November 6, 1999). "Asleep at the Wheel scores again with 'Ride With Bob'". The Courier-Journal. p. 64. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ "Another Fitting Tribute To Father Of Western Swing". San Francisco Examiner. August 8, 1999. p. 273. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ Harris, Craig (November 4, 1999). "Asleep At The Wheel: Ride With Bob: Dreamworks". The Boston Globe. p. 136. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ Davis, Sandi (August 27, 1999). "Various Artists/Asleep at the Wheel: Ride With Bob: DreamWorks". The Oklahoman. p. 53. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ "Best Country Album". New York Daily News. February 20, 2000. p. 1365. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ Sharpe, Jerry (December 31, 1999). "Country Records". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 112. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ a b "Ray Benson". Grammy Awards. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ Lewis, Randy (February 17, 2000). "Hoping to Go Five-for-Six". Los Angeles Times. p. 363. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ "And The Grammy Winners Are..." (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 112, no. 10. New York City, New York: BPI Communications. March 4, 2000. p. 20. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ "Billboard Goes Backstage" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 112, no. 10. New York City, New York: BPI Communications. March 4, 2000. p. 12. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ "Top CMA Awards Nominees" (PDF). Country Music Association Awards. November 21, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2020. ^ "McGraw clan awaits award show". The Paducah Sun. April 28, 2000. p. 42. Retrieved July 6, 2020. External links Ride with Bob: A Tribute to Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys at Discogs (list of releases) vteAsleep at the Wheel Ray Benson David Sanger Katie Shore Dennis Ludiker Connor Forsyth Josh Hoag Flavio Pasquetto Joey Colarusso Lucky Oceans LeRoy Preston Danny Levin Gene Dobkin Chris O'Connell Emily Paxton Floyd Domino Tony Garnier Richard Casanova Scott Hennige Ed Vizard Link Davis Jr. Bill Mabry Pat "Taco" Ryan Johnny Nicholas Fran Christina Spencer Starnes Dean DeMerritt Maryann Price Bobby Black Brenda Burns Falkner Evans Paul Anastasio Billy Estes Dan Tyack Michael Francis Wally Murphy Jann Browne Steve Schwelling Tom Anastasio Roy McCrory Richard Hormachea Billy Cochran Tim Alexander Larry Franklin Mike Grammar Junior Brown John Ely David Dawson Jon Mitchell Ricky Turpin David Earl Miller Cindy Cashdollar Tommy Beavers Barbara Lamb Monty Gaylord Jason Roberts Chris Booher Rosie Flores John Michael Whitby Jim Murphy Haydn Vitera Eddie Rivers Elizabeth McQueen Walt Roberts Dan Walton Jay Reynolds Emily Gimble Chloe Feoranzo Studio albums Comin' Right at Ya Asleep at the Wheel Texas Gold Wheelin' and Dealin' The Wheel Collision Course Framed Pasture Prime 10 Western Standard Time Keepin' Me Up Nights The Wheel Keeps on Rollin' Merry Texas Christmas, Y'all The Very Best of Asleep at the Wheel Hang Up My Spurs Asleep at the Wheel Remembers the Alamo Reinventing the Wheel Willie and the Wheel (with Willie Nelson) New Routes Half a Hundred Years Tribute albums Tribute to the Music of Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys Ride with Bob: A Tribute to Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys Still the King: Celebrating the Music of Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys Live albums Served Live Greatest Hits: Live & Kickin' Back to the Future Now: Live at Arizona Charlie's, Las Vegas Live at Billy Bob's Texas Live from Austin, TX Compilations Swing Time Route 66 The Swingin' Best of Asleep at the Wheel Extended plays Better Times Singles "Choo Choo Ch'Boogie" "The Letter That Johnny Walker Read" "Route 66 " "The House of Blue Lights " "Walk On By" "Hot Rod Lincoln" "Corrine, Corrina" "Lay Down Sally" Other songs "Boot Scootin' Boogie" "Cherokee Maiden" "Roly Poly" Related articles Band members Discography Authority control databases MusicBrainz release group
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"studio album","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Album#Studio"},{"link_name":"tribute album","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribute_album"},{"link_name":"country","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music"},{"link_name":"Asleep at the Wheel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asleep_at_the_Wheel"},{"link_name":"Austin, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Nashville, Tennessee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Ray Benson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Benson"},{"link_name":"DreamWorks Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DreamWorks_Records"},{"link_name":"Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Wills"},{"link_name":"Tribute to the Music of Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribute_to_the_Music_of_Bob_Wills_and_the_Texas_Playboys"},{"link_name":"Don Walser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Walser"},{"link_name":"Reba McEntire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reba_McEntire"},{"link_name":"Willie Nelson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Nelson"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_charts"},{"link_name":"Top Country Albums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Country_Albums"},{"link_name":"10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_(Asleep_at_the_Wheel_album)"},{"link_name":"Top Heatseekers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Heatseekers"},{"link_name":"Grammy Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award"},{"link_name":"Best Recording Package","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Recording_Package"},{"link_name":"Best Country Instrumental Performance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Country_Instrumental_Performance"},{"link_name":"Best Country Duo/Group Performance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Country_Duo/Group_Performance"}],"text":"Ride with Bob: A Tribute to Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys is the 15th studio album and second tribute album by American country band Asleep at the Wheel. Recorded between June 1998 and March 1999 at studios in Austin, Texas, and Nashville, Tennessee, it was produced by the band's frontman Ray Benson and released on August 10, 1999, as the band's only album on DreamWorks Records. The album is another tribute to the music of Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys.Following the critical and commercial success of 1993's Tribute to the Music of Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys, Benson and Asleep at the Wheel decided to produce a second album composed of recordings made famous by Wills. As with the first album, Ride with Bob features a wide range of guest performers, including featured vocalists such as Don Walser, Reba McEntire and Willie Nelson. The album was Asleep at the Wheel's last to feature pianist and fiddler Chris Booher.Ride with Bob was a commercial and critical success. The album reached number 24 on the US Billboard Top Country Albums chart – the band's highest position since 1987's 10 – as well as giving the group its debut on the Top Heatseekers chart at number 15. It received mostly positive critical reviews and was nominated for seven Grammy Awards, three of which it won (for Best Recording Package, Best Country Instrumental Performance and Best Country Duo/Group Performance).","title":"Ride with Bob: A Tribute to Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bob Wills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Wills"},{"link_name":"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-indexjournal-1"},{"link_name":"Ray Benson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Benson"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-indexjournal-1"},{"link_name":"Western swing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_swing"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-interview1-2"},{"link_name":"Tim McGraw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_McGraw"},{"link_name":"the Dixie Chicks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chicks"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Austin, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Nashville, Tennessee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-allmusic-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-interview2-5"},{"link_name":"big band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_band"},{"link_name":"Dixieland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixieland"},{"link_name":"string band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_band"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-interview1-2"},{"link_name":"DreamWorks Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DreamWorks_Records"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"making-of","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Making-of"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-interview2-5"},{"link_name":"Austin Film Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Film_Festival"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"Asleep at the Wheel decided to record a second Bob Wills tribute album for a number of reasons, including the induction of Wills and the Texas Playboys into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999.[1] According to the band's frontman Ray Benson, though, the album \"is as much about giving the young guys a chance to record these songs as it is about keeping Bob Wills's music out there,\" referring to the featured artists who took part in the album's recording.[1] Explaining that the original plan in 1993 was to release a four-album set, he noted that \"The passage of six years' time has been really a blessing because we've got a wider variety of people, a whole other generation of country musicians, and a broader sampling of what Western swing was.\"[2] Speaking about the featured artists, he added that \"My idea on [Ride with Bob] was to draw attention to Asleep at the Wheel and Bob Wills's music by bringing in very non-Western swing artists like Tim McGraw and the Dixie Chicks. And it worked.\"[3]Recording for Ride with Bob took place between March 1998 and June 1999 at Bismeaux Studio in Austin, Texas, and Hum Depot, Loud Recording and Westwood Sound Studio in Nashville, Tennessee.[4] The album's title was chosen to represent the collection as \"a celebration\" of Wills's music and influence, which Benson claimed \"has not gotten the mainstream due ... [it] deserves\".[5] In reference to the selection of songs to record for Ride with Bob, Benson added that \"This one has more of the styles of western swing that are so varied. We covered a lot on the last one, but this album has three big band numbers, then there's the Dixieland styles, and then there's the classic string band stuff.\"[2]Ride with Bob was released on August 10, 1999, by DreamWorks Records.[6] All of the album's recording sessions were filmed for a making-of video to be aired as a television special around the same time as the album's release.[5] The video, produced by Benson and Dan Karlok, was also aired at the Austin Film Festival on October 14, 1999.[7]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_charts"},{"link_name":"Top Country Albums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Country_Albums"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-UScountry-8"},{"link_name":"Heatseekers Albums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Heatseekers"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-USheat-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Gavin Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Report"},{"link_name":"Ray Benson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Benson"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"sub_title":"Commercial","text":"Ride with Bob: A Tribute to Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys debuted on the US Billboard Top Country Albums chart at its peak position of number 24.[8] It was also the band's first release to register on the US Heatseekers Albums chart, on which it debuted at its number 15 peak.[9] The album reportedly sold 6,000 copies in the US in its first week.[10] Aside from the Billboard charts, Ride with Bob also reached number 1 on the Gavin Report Americana Albums chart, with Ray Benson commenting that, \"Not only is it so cool after all these years to finally have a number one record, but to be on a chart with so many great artists is amazing. You look at the other people on this chart, and it makes you feel like your music is in good company.\"[11] According to Benson, the album sold around 250,000 copies.[12]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"AllMusic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AllMusic"},{"link_name":"Stephen Thomas Erlewine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Thomas_Erlewine"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-allmusic-4"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Gavin Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Report"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"The Courier-Journal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Courier-Journal"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"San Francisco Examiner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Examiner"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"The Boston Globe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boston_Globe"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"The Oklahoman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Oklahoman"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"New York Daily News","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Daily_News"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"sub_title":"Critical","text":"Critical reviews for Ride with Bob were largely positive. AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine stated, \"Since [Asleep at the Wheel's] entire career feels like a living monument to Wills, it almost seems unnecessary for them to record tributes to the \"King of Western Swing\" – that is, until you hear the records,\" praising the album as \"every bit as enjoyable\" as the band's first Wills tribute.[4] Billboard magazine published a review outlining that, \"This Western swing tribute to the late Bob Wills is a spirited and knowledgeable stroll through Wills-era songs, aided by a star-studded cast.\"[13] The Gavin Report simply called the album \"remarkable\".[14]Laura Yonkin of The Courier-Journal suggested that \"While it's not quite as pristine as their previous tribute, Asleep at the Wheel makes the latest ride with Bob a pleasure.\"[15] On the contrary, a writer for the San Francisco Examiner hailed the album as \"more than just another sequel\".[16] The Boston Globe columnist Craig Harris was even more positive, claiming that \"The new disc ... outshines its predecessor.\"[17] Sandi Davis of The Oklahoman wrote that \"Every cut on Ride With Bob will take you back to the great days of radio, and maybe compel you to roll back the rug and dance the night away.\"[18] The New York Daily News dubbed Ride with Bob \"a terrific tribute\",[19] while Jerry Sharpe for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette called it \"excellent\".[20]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"42nd Annual Grammy Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards"},{"link_name":"Best Country Album","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Country_Album"},{"link_name":"Best Recording Package","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Recording_Package"},{"link_name":"Roly Poly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roly_Poly_(Bob_Wills_song)"},{"link_name":"Best Country Collaboration with Vocals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Country_Collaboration_with_Vocals"},{"link_name":"Best Country Instrumental Performance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Country_Instrumental_Performance"},{"link_name":"Best Long Form Music Video","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Music_Film"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-grammys-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Cindy Walker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cindy_Walker"},{"link_name":"Louis Jordan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Jordan"},{"link_name":"Tympany Five","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tympany_Five"},{"link_name":"Ernest Tubb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Tubb"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"Cherokee Maiden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_Maiden"},{"link_name":"Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Country_Performance_by_a_Duo_or_Group_with_Vocal"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-grammys-21"},{"link_name":"2000 Country Music Association Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Country_Music_Association_Awards"},{"link_name":"Vocal Group of the Year","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Music_Association_Award_for_Vocal_Group_of_the_Year"},{"link_name":"Roly Poly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roly_Poly_(Bob_Wills_song)"},{"link_name":"Vocal Event of the Year","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Music_Association_Award_for_Musical_Event_of_the_Year"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"Academy of Country Music Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Country_Music_Awards"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"}],"sub_title":"Accolades","text":"At the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards in 2000, Asleep at the Wheel received six nominations: Ride with Bob was shortlisted for Best Country Album and Best Recording Package, \"Roly Poly\" and \"Going Away Party\" were both nominated for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals, \"Bob's Breakdowns\" was included in the nominations for Best Country Instrumental Performance, and The Making of Ride with Bob was shortlisted for Best Long Form Music Video.[21] Benson reportedly \"didn't expect\" to receive so many Grammy nominations, explaining that \"I was really hoping to get maybe three [nominations], when they all started pouring in. [...] The validation is that the people who vote on these are doing what I do every day: making music, recording music, composing music, arranging music.\"[22]Ride with Bob won two of its six nominations, for Best Recording Package and Best Country Instrumental Performance (the latter of which was the band's sixth award in the category).[23] Speaking at the ceremony, Benson suggested that he wanted to record more tribute albums in the future, explaining \"I'd really like to do them for Cindy Walker, Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, and Ernest Tubb. That's my short-list. It's very realistic. I can do them any time.\"[24] The next year, \"Cherokee Maiden\" won the Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.[21]At the 2000 Country Music Association Awards, Asleep at the Wheel was nominated for Vocal Group of the Year and the song \"Roly Poly\" was nominated for Vocal Event of the Year.[25] The band also received nominations in the categories of Top Vocal Group/Duo and Album of the Year – Artist at the 35th annual Academy of Country Music Awards in 2000.[26]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tommy Allsup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Allsup"},{"link_name":"Floyd Domino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floyd_Domino"},{"link_name":"Larry Franklin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Franklin_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Vince Gill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vince_Gill"},{"link_name":"Steve Wariner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Wariner"},{"link_name":"Ray Benson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Benson"},{"link_name":"New San Antonio Rose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_San_Antonio_Rose"},{"link_name":"Dwight Yoakam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Yoakam"},{"link_name":"Bob Wills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Wills"},{"link_name":"I Ain't Got Nobody","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Ain%27t_Got_Nobody"},{"link_name":"Don Walser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Walser"},{"link_name":"Spencer Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer_Williams"},{"link_name":"Roger A. Graham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_A._Graham"},{"link_name":"Roly Poly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roly_Poly_(Bob_Wills_song)"},{"link_name":"The Dixie Chicks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chicks"},{"link_name":"Fred Rose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Rose_(songwriter)"},{"link_name":"Lee Ann Womack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Ann_Womack"},{"link_name":"Cherokee Maiden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_Maiden"},{"link_name":"Cindy Walker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cindy_Walker"},{"link_name":"Maiden's Prayer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maiden%27s_Prayer"},{"link_name":"Squirrel Nut Zippers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squirrel_Nut_Zippers"},{"link_name":"Tracy Byrd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracy_Byrd"},{"link_name":"Right or Wrong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_or_Wrong_(1921_song)"},{"link_name":"Reba McEntire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reba_McEntire"},{"link_name":"Haven Gillespie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haven_Gillespie"},{"link_name":"Faded Love","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faded_Love"},{"link_name":"Shawn Colvin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawn_Colvin"},{"link_name":"Lyle Lovett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyle_Lovett"},{"link_name":"St. Louis Blues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Louis_Blues_(song)"},{"link_name":"Merle Haggard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merle_Haggard"},{"link_name":"W. C. Handy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._C._Handy"},{"link_name":"Johnny Gimble","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Gimble"},{"link_name":"Take Me Back to Tulsa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Me_Back_to_Tulsa"},{"link_name":"Clay Walker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_Walker"},{"link_name":"Tommy Duncan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Duncan"},{"link_name":"Milk Cow Blues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_Cow_Blues"},{"link_name":"Tim McGraw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_McGraw"},{"link_name":"Kokomo Arnold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokomo_Arnold"},{"link_name":"Mark Chesnutt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Chesnutt"},{"link_name":"Bob Wills Is Still the King","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Wills_Is_Still_the_King"},{"link_name":"Clint Black","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clint_Black"},{"link_name":"Waylon Jennings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waylon_Jennings"},{"link_name":"the Manhattan Transfer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Manhattan_Transfer"},{"link_name":"Willie Nelson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Nelson"},{"link_name":"Janis Siegel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janis_Siegel"}],"text":"No.TitleWriter(s)Length1.\"Bob's Breakdowns\" (featuring Tommy Allsup, Floyd Domino, Larry Franklin, Vince Gill and Steve Wariner)Ray BensonJason Roberts3:392.\"New San Antonio Rose\" (featuring Dwight Yoakam)Bob Wills (arr. Tim Alexander)3:013.\"I Ain't Got Nobody\" (featuring Don Walser)Spencer WilliamsRoger A. Graham (arr. Benson)3:314.\"Roly Poly\" (featuring The Dixie Chicks)Fred Rose3:155.\"Heart to Heart Talk\" (featuring Lee Ann Womack)Lee Ross3:266.\"Cherokee Maiden\"Cindy Walker3:237.\"Maiden's Prayer\" (featuring the Squirrel Nut Zippers)B. Wills (arr. Alexander)2:418.\"You're from Texas\" (featuring Tracy Byrd)Walker3:149.\"Right or Wrong\" (featuring Reba McEntire)Arthur SizemorePaul BieseHaven Gillespie2:4210.\"Faded Love\" (featuring Shawn Colvin and Lyle Lovett)B. WillsJohn Wills4:2711.\"St. Louis Blues\" (featuring Merle Haggard)W. C. Handy4:3412.\"End of the Line\"B. WillsJohnny Gimble2:4713.\"Take Me Back to Tulsa\" (featuring Clay Walker)B. WillsTommy Duncan3:0914.\"Milk Cow Blues\" (featuring Tim McGraw)Kokomo Arnold5:5215.\"Stay All Night\" (featuring Mark Chesnutt)B. WillsDuncan2:5816.\"Bob Wills Is Still the King\" (featuring Clint Black)Waylon Jennings2:5017.\"Going Away Party\" (featuring the Manhattan Transfer and Willie Nelson)Walker arr. Janis Siegel4:39Total length:60:18","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ray Benson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Benson"},{"link_name":"Cindy Cashdollar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cindy_Cashdollar"},{"link_name":"Tommy Allsup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Allsup"},{"link_name":"Floyd Domino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floyd_Domino"},{"link_name":"Johnny Gimble","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Gimble"},{"link_name":"Larry Franklin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Franklin_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Jimbo Mathus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimbo_Mathus"},{"link_name":"Vince Gill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vince_Gill"},{"link_name":"Steve Wariner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Wariner"},{"link_name":"Dwight Yoakam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Yoakam"},{"link_name":"Tony Campise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Campise"},{"link_name":"Don Walser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Walser"},{"link_name":"Natalie Maines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalie_Maines"},{"link_name":"Emily Erwin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Robison"},{"link_name":"Martie Seidel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martie_Maguire"},{"link_name":"Lee Ann Womack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Ann_Womack"},{"link_name":"Larry Gatlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Gatlin"},{"link_name":"Tom Maxwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Maxwell_(singer)"},{"link_name":"Tracy Byrd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracy_Byrd"},{"link_name":"Reba McEntire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reba_McEntire"},{"link_name":"Shawn Colvin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawn_Colvin"},{"link_name":"Lyle Lovett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyle_Lovett"},{"link_name":"Pat Bergeson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Bergeson"},{"link_name":"Viktor Krauss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Krauss"},{"link_name":"Merle Haggard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merle_Haggard"},{"link_name":"Clay Walker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_Walker"},{"link_name":"Tim McGraw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_McGraw"},{"link_name":"Mark Chesnutt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Chesnutt"},{"link_name":"Clint Black","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clint_Black"},{"link_name":"Hayden Nicholas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayden_Nicholas"},{"link_name":"Willie Nelson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Nelson"},{"link_name":"The Manhattan Transfer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Manhattan_Transfer"},{"link_name":"Buddy Jackson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Jackson"},{"link_name":"Sally Carns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Carns"}],"text":"Asleep at the Wheel\nRay Benson – guitar, backing and lead vocals (backing on tracks 4, 10, 12 and 16; lead on tracks 6 and 8; co-lead on tracks 13–15; speech on tracks 3 and 11), production, art direction, video production\nCindy Cashdollar – steel guitar\nDavid Miller – bass (all except tracks 7 and 10), backing vocals (tracks 6, 8, 12, 13 and 17)\nChris Booher – piano (tracks 2–6, 9, 11 and 13–16), fiddle (tracks 1, 3 and 7), guitar and backing vocals (track 8)\nDavid Sanger – drums (all except track 7), percussion (track 7)\nJason Roberts – fiddle (all tracks), mandolin (tracks 1, 8 and 12–14), backing and lead vocals (backing on tracks 8 and 13; lead on track 12)\nMichael Francis – tenor saxophone (tracks 2, 4, 6, 7 and 11), clarinet (tracks 2, 3, 6, 7 and 11), alto saxophone (tracks 7 and 11)\nGuest performers\n\nTommy Allsup – guitar (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7–10, 12, 14 and 17)\nFloyd Domino – piano (tracks 1–3, 5, 6, 8, 10–12 and 17)\nJohnny Gimble – fiddle (tracks 8, 10–12, 15 and 17), mandolin (tracks 8, 11 and 12)\nLarry Franklin – fiddle (tracks 1, 5, 9 and 14)\nDave Biller – guitar (tracks 13, 15 and 16)\nDave Alexander – trumpet (tracks 2 and 8)\nJody Nix – backing vocals (tracks 6 and 15)\nJimbo Mathus – trombone (tracks 7 and 11)\nJe Widenhouse – trumpet (track 7), cornet (track 11)\nLarry Seyer – backing vocals (track 15), guitar (track 16)\nVince Gill – guitar (track 1)\nSteve Wariner – guitar (track 1)\nDwight Yoakam – lead vocals (track 2)\nElias Haslanger – tenor saxophone (track 2)\nTony Campise – alto saxophone (track 2)\nDon Walser – lead vocals (track 3)\nNatalie Maines – lead vocals (track 4)\nTommy Nash – guitar (track 4)\nEmily Erwin – dobro (track 4)\nMartie Seidel – fiddle (track 4)\nLee Ann Womack – lead vocals (track 5)\nJoe Manuel – guitar (track 5)\nChris O'Connell – backing vocals (track 5)\nLarry Gatlin – backing vocals (track 5)\nKatharine Whalen – lead vocals (track 7)\nStuart Cole – bass (track 7)\nTim Alexander – piano (track 7)\nChris Phillips – drums (track 7)\nTom Maxwell – tenor and baritone saxophones (track 7)\nTracy Byrd – lead vocals (track 8)\nCurly Hollingsworth – piano (track 8)\nReba McEntire – lead vocals (track 9)\nHerb Remington – steel guitar (track 9)\nShawn Colvin – co-lead vocals (track 10)\nLyle Lovett – co-lead vocals (track 10)\nPat Bergeson – guitar (track 10)\nViktor Krauss – bass (track 10)\nMerle Haggard – lead vocals (track 11)\nRick McRae – fiddle and guitar (track 12)\nClay Walker – co-lead vocals (track 13)\nTim McGraw – co-lead vocals (track 14)\nMark Chesnutt – co-lead vocals (track 15)\nClint Black – lead vocals (track 16)\nHayden Nicholas – guitar (track 16)\nWillie Nelson – lead vocals (track 17)\nThe Manhattan Transfer – backing vocals (track 17)\nAdditional personnel\n\nBuddy Jackson – art direction\nSally Carns – art direction\nDan Karlok – video production","title":"Personnel"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Charts"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Flowers, Paulette (September 26, 1999). \"Asleep At The Wheel: Going for a ride with Bob\". The Index-Journal. p. 31. Retrieved July 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/70063984/","url_text":"\"Asleep At The Wheel: Going for a ride with Bob\""}]},{"reference":"Evans Price, Deborah (June 19, 1999). \"Wills Is King On 'Ride With Bob'\" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 111, no. 25. New York City, New York: BPI Communications. p. 38. Retrieved July 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/1999/1999-06-19-Billboard-Page-0036.pdf","url_text":"\"Wills Is King On 'Ride With Bob'\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)","url_text":"Billboard"}]},{"reference":"Burch, Cathalena E. (October 12, 2001). \"Record sales no indicator of Wheel's true success\". Arizona Daily Star. p. 95. 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New York City, New York: BPI Communications. August 14, 1999. p. 17. Retrieved July 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/1999/1999-08-14-Billboard-Page-0015.pdf","url_text":"\"Reviews & Previews\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)","url_text":"Billboard"}]},{"reference":"\"Gavin Americana: Music Notes\" (PDF). Gavin Report. No. 2264. San Francisco, California: Miller Freeman. July 19, 1999. p. 57. Retrieved July 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Archive-Gavin-IDX/IDX/90s/99/Gavin-Report-1999-07-19-OCR-Page-0057.pdf","url_text":"\"Gavin Americana: Music Notes\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Report","url_text":"Gavin Report"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_Freeman,_Inc.","url_text":"Miller Freeman"}]},{"reference":"Younkin, Laura (November 6, 1999). \"Asleep at the Wheel scores again with 'Ride With Bob'\". 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Retrieved July 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/2000/2000-03-04-Billboard-Page-0012.pdf","url_text":"\"Billboard Goes Backstage\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)","url_text":"Billboard"}]},{"reference":"\"Top CMA Awards Nominees\" (PDF). Country Music Association Awards. November 21, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://cmaawards.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/CMA-Awards-By-Most-Nominations-November-2019.pdf","url_text":"\"Top CMA Awards Nominees\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Music_Association_Awards","url_text":"Country Music Association Awards"}]},{"reference":"\"McGraw clan awaits award show\". The Paducah Sun. April 28, 2000. p. 42. Retrieved July 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/426215663/","url_text":"\"McGraw clan awaits award show\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Paducah_Sun","url_text":"The Paducah Sun"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packard_Eight
Packard Eight
["1 History","2 Design","3 In the market","4 Packard Eight (1946-1950)","5 References"]
Motor vehicle Packard Eight1931 Packard Individual Custom Eight Type 840 Dietrich Convertible SedanOverviewManufacturerPackardProduction1924-36AssemblyPackard Automotive Plant, Detroit, MIBody and chassisClassLuxury carBody style•2-door roadster•2-door coupé•2-door convertible Victoria•4-door sedan•4-door phaeton•4-door dual-cowl phaeton & Sport Phaeton•town car•landauLayoutFront engine, rear driveRelatedLight Eight120PowertrainEngine319.2 cu in (5.2 L) L-head inline eight357.8 cu in (5.9 L) L-head inline eight384.8 cu in (6.3 L) L-head inline eightTransmission3-speed Manual transmissionChronologyPredecessorPackard SixSuccessorPackard 120 (1935)Packard 200 (1951) The Packard Eight was a luxury automobile produced by Packard between 1924 and 1936, and was an all new platform that took the top market position from the earlier Packard Twin Six which was first introduced in 1916. When it was introduced, it was designated as the senior Packard. It remained so until the Super Eight and Custom Super Eight were introduced in the 1940s. History Packard's first eight-cylinder engine was introduced as the Single Eight with two wheelbases offered in 136 in (3,500 mm) and 143 in (3,600 mm), while sharing a naming convention with the junior Single Six. Starting in 1928, new naming conventions were offered; the Standard Eight and the more opulent Custom Eight, the De Luxe Eight, was introduced in 1929 and in 1930 the Speedster was introduced, which was offered with a low-compression aluminum-head L-head inline eight producing 90 bhp (67 kW) (hence the name). Packard ads bragged the engine "floated" on new rubber mounts. Power would be upgraded to 110 hp (82 kW) in 1932 and 120 hp (89 kW) in 1933. Design The Eight offered optional (no extra cost) four-speed synchromesh transmission. Like other Packards of this era, it featured Ride Control, a system of dash-adjustable hydraulic shock absorbers. The Eight also featured automatic chassis lubrication and "shatterproof" glass. The Eight was available on a variety of wheelbases: 127.5 in (3,240 mm) and 134.5 in (3,420 mm) for the 1930 Standard Eight, 140 in (3,600 mm) and 145.5 in (3,700 mm) for the 1930 De Luxe Eight, 130 in (3,300 mm) and 137 in (3,500 mm) for the 1932 Standard Eight. For 1938, the Eight's wheelbase was stretched 7 in (180 mm) over 1937, and the body was also wider. It was advertised as a two-door roadster, two-door convertible & two-door convertible Victoria (both new for 1932), phaeton, four-door dual-cowl phaeton & Sport Phaeton (a four-door four-seat dual-cowl phaeton new in 1932) two-door coupé, four-door sedan, landau, town car, and limousine. The Packard eight utilized a very rare swivel accelerator pedal, patented by Pat Au back in the early 1900s. In the market Production of the De Luxe Eight was less than ten per day. It was available in eleven body styles. In 1930, the Eight was factory priced between US$2425 ($44,230 in 2023 dollars ) and US$2885 for the Standard Eight, US$3190 to US$3885 for the Custom Eight, and US$4585 to US$5350 ($97,579 in 2023 dollars ). In 1932, prices ranged from US$2250 to US$3250 for the Standard Eight, while the De Luxe Eight started at US$3150 ($57,453 in 2023 dollars ). The Packard Speedster Eight Model 734 was a performance-oriented passenger car line by the Packard Motor Car Company offered for the 1930 model year (7th series) only. Based on a heavily modified Standard Eight (733) chassis, it got narrower and lower coachwork. The 734 straight eight engine is derived from the 740 Custom Eight's. It differs in valve and manifold revisions, a Detroit Lubricator dual updraft carburetor, a vacuum booster pump and a ribbed exhaust manifold. The engine delivers 145 HP (740: 106 HP) @3400 RPM without increase in bore or stroke, which remain at 3½ x 5 in. Retail prices started at US$5,200 ($94,843 in 2023 dollars ) for the Boattail Speedster, Runabout Speedster and Phaeton Speedster, while the Victoria Speedster and Sedan Speedster went for US$6,000 ($109,434 in 2023 dollars ). Speedster Eights have four instead of three speeds, and the customer could choose from several rear end ratios at no extra cost. 734 models have their parking lights mounted on the fenders, not on the body like Standard Eights. They also feature senior car's hoods with for ventilation door. Only 113 cars were built. Available 734 Speedster Eight models include: Body style #422 Boattail Roadster Body style #443 Sedan Body style #445 Phaeton Body style #447 Victoria Body style #452 Runabout In 1931, Packard introduced the Individual Custom Eight, which were longer wheelbases of the Standard Eight. Period advertisements showed examples with body colored radiator grilles whereas the Standard models had chrome grilles. The 1932 Standard Eight was offered in thirteen body styles. In 1933, base price of the Standard Eight was US$2150, and was offered in fourteen body styles. The 1933 De Luxe Eight started at US$3350. The five-passenger sedan was Packard's best-selling model for years. This helped Packard become the best-selling luxury brand between 1924 and 1930, as well as selling almost twice as many abroad as any other marque priced over US$2000. 1927 Packard Third Series Eight Model 343 Convertible Sedan by Murphy 1930 Packard Seventh Series Deluxe Eight Roadster, Model 745 1932 Packard Ninth Series De Luxe Eight Model 904 sedan limousine 1934 Packard Eleventh Series Standard Eight Model 1101 convertible sedan 1930 Packard Seventh Series Roadster Speedster Model 734 1930 Packard Seventh Series Boattail Speedster Model 734 Packard Eight (1946-1950) When Packard reintroduced the Packard Eight, they also introduced the Packard Station Sedan to offer a popular "woodie" appearance starting in 1948 with the modified body style, then adopting a commonly called ponton appearance. 1946 Packard Clipper Eight 1947 Packard DeLuxe Clipper Eight 1948 Packard Eight 1949 Packard Eight 1950 Packard Eight References ^ a b c Kimes, Beverly (1996). Standard catalog of American Cars 1805–1942 (third ed.). Krause publications. pp. 1105–1141. ISBN 0-87341-478-0. ^ Zimmerman, Frederick (5 August 2011). The Turnaround Experience: Real World Lessons in Revitalizing Corporations and Organizations. ISBN 9780983903543. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 19 September 2013. ^ a b Flory, J. "Kelly" Jr. (2008). American Cars, 1946 to 1959; Every Model, Year by Year. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7864-3229-5. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ a b Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ a b Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising Retrieved 12 September 2013 ^ a b c Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. The same engine would be used in the 120, & remained in production until 1955. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ a b Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ a b c d Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising; Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ a b Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 5 October 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising; Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ a b Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ a b c d e 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ "Packard 1931". Classic Car Catalog. Retrieved 23 October 2017. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising Retrieved 14 September 2013 ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. ^ Old Car Advertising. Retrieved 16 September 2013. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Packard Eight. vtePackardVehicles 4 6 8 Light 8 Super 8 Twin Six 110 120 180 200 250 300 400 Caribbean Cavalier Clipper (model) Constellation Continental Eight Executive Hawk Mayfair Model A-F Model G Pacific Pan-American Panther Patrician Station Sedan Packard-Bentley People Henry Bourne Joy Alvan Macauley James J. Nance James Ward Packard William Doud Packard Dick Teague Jesse G. Vincent Related topics Aircraft engines Building Clipper (marque) Factory Jingle Museum Proving Grounds Showroom Station Studebaker-based Packards Studebaker-Packard Corporation Ultramatic Category Commons vtePackard passenger vehicle timeline, 1899–1958 Number of Cylinders 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Single and Twin Model A-F Model G WWII Four Four (K,L,M,N,S,18,NA,NB,NC,NE,UA,UB,UBS,UC,UCS,UE) Six Six Single Six/Six 110 Clipper Clipper Eight Light Eight 120 120 Eight/Station Sedan 200 & 250 Clipper/Mayfair/Starlight Single Eight/Eight/Super Eight Super Eight 160 Super Eight 300 Cavalier/Executive Custom Super Eight 180 Custom Super Eight Patrician 400 Pacific/Caribbean/Patrician Twelve Twin Six Twelve
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It remained so until the Super Eight and Custom Super Eight were introduced in the 1940s.[4]","title":"Packard Eight"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-kimes1996-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Old_Car_Advertising-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-oldcaradvertising.com-7"},{"link_name":"L-head","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flathead_engine"},{"link_name":"inline eight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-eight_engine"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ad-08_2013-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ad-01_2013-13"}],"text":"Packard's first eight-cylinder engine was introduced as the Single Eight with two wheelbases offered in 136 in (3,500 mm) and 143 in (3,600 mm), while sharing a naming convention with the junior Single Six.[1]Starting in 1928, new naming conventions were offered; the Standard Eight and the more opulent Custom Eight,[5] the De Luxe Eight,[6] was introduced in 1929 and in 1930 the Speedster was introduced, which was offered with a low-compression aluminum-head[7] L-head inline eight[8] producing 90 bhp (67 kW)[9] (hence the name).[10] Packard ads bragged the engine \"floated\" on new rubber mounts.[11] Power would be upgraded to 110 hp (82 kW) in 1932[12] and 120 hp (89 kW) in 1933.[13]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ad-10_2013-14"},{"link_name":"synchromesh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchromesh"},{"link_name":"transmission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"shock absorbers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_absorber"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-oldcaradvertising.com-7"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"wheelbases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelbase"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ad-08_2013-9"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ad-10_2013-14"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"roadster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)"},{"link_name":"convertible","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convertible"},{"link_name":"convertible","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convertible"},{"link_name":"Victoria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(bodystyle)"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"phaeton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaeton_body"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceB-22"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceB-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"coupé","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"sedan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)"},{"link_name":"landau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau_(automobile)"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"town car","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_car"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"limousine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limousine"}],"text":"The Eight offered optional (no extra cost)[14] four-speed synchromesh transmission.[15] Like other Packards of this era, it featured Ride Control, a system of dash-adjustable hydraulic shock absorbers.[7] The Eight also featured automatic chassis lubrication[16] and \"shatterproof\" glass.[17]The Eight was available on a variety of wheelbases: 127.5 in (3,240 mm) and 134.5 in (3,420 mm) for the 1930 Standard Eight,[9] 140 in (3,600 mm)[18] and 145.5 in (3,700 mm) for the 1930 De Luxe Eight,[19] 130 in (3,300 mm) and 137 in (3,500 mm) for the 1932 Standard Eight.[14] For 1938, the Eight's wheelbase was stretched 7 in (180 mm) over 1937, and the body was also wider.[20]It was advertised as a two-door roadster, two-door convertible & two-door convertible Victoria (both new for 1932),[21] phaeton,[22] four-door dual-cowl phaeton[22] & Sport Phaeton (a four-door four-seat dual-cowl phaeton new in 1932)[23] two-door coupé,[24] four-door sedan, landau,[25] town car,[26] and limousine. The Packard eight utilized a very rare swivel accelerator pedal, patented by Pat Au back in the early 1900s.","title":"Design"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Old_Car_Advertising-6"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-18"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-inflation-US-27"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-inflation-US-27"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ad-08_2013-9"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ad-10_2013-14"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-inflation-US-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"Detroit Lubricator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Lubricator_Company"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-inflation-US-27"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-inflation-US-27"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-kimes1996-1"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ad-10_2013-14"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ad-01_2013-13"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flickr_-_DVS1mn_-_27_Packard_by_Murphy_(2).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1930_Packard_745_Deluxe_Eight_Roadster_in_Black,_front_left.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Packard_De_Luxe_Eight_904_Sedan_Limousine_1932.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Packard_1101_Eight_Convertible_Sedan_1934.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1930_Packard_Eight_Series_734_Speedster_Roadster,_Greenwich_(front_left).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Concours_d%27Elegance_(20646864791).jpg"}],"text":"Production of the De Luxe Eight was less than ten per day.[6] It was available in eleven body styles.[18]In 1930, the Eight was factory priced between US$2425 ($44,230 in 2023 dollars [27]) and US$2885 for the Standard Eight, US$3190 to US$3885 for the Custom Eight, and US$4585 to US$5350 ($97,579 in 2023 dollars [27]).[9] In 1932, prices ranged from US$2250 to US$3250[14] for the Standard Eight, while the De Luxe Eight started at US$3150 ($57,453 in 2023 dollars [27]).[28]The Packard Speedster Eight Model 734 was a performance-oriented passenger car line by the Packard Motor Car Company offered for the 1930 model year (7th series) only. Based on a heavily modified Standard Eight (733) chassis, it got narrower and lower coachwork. The 734 straight eight engine is derived from the 740 Custom Eight's. It differs in valve and manifold revisions, a Detroit Lubricator dual updraft carburetor, a vacuum booster pump and a ribbed exhaust manifold. The engine delivers 145 HP (740: 106 HP) @3400 RPM without increase in bore or stroke, which remain at 3½ x 5 in. Retail prices started at US$5,200 ($94,843 in 2023 dollars [27]) for the Boattail Speedster, Runabout Speedster and Phaeton Speedster, while the Victoria Speedster and Sedan Speedster went for US$6,000 ($109,434 in 2023 dollars [27]). Speedster Eights have four instead of three speeds, and the customer could choose from several rear end ratios at no extra cost. 734 models have their parking lights mounted on the fenders, not on the body like Standard Eights. They also feature senior car's hoods with for ventilation door. Only 113 cars were built.[1]Available 734 Speedster Eight models include:Body style #422 Boattail Roadster\nBody style #443 Sedan\nBody style #445 Phaeton\nBody style #447 Victoria\nBody style #452 RunaboutIn 1931, Packard introduced the Individual Custom Eight, which were longer wheelbases of the Standard Eight. Period advertisements showed examples with body colored radiator grilles whereas the Standard models had chrome grilles.[29]The 1932 Standard Eight was offered in thirteen body styles.[14] In 1933, base price of the Standard Eight was US$2150,[13] and was offered in fourteen body styles.[30] The 1933 De Luxe Eight started at US$3350.[31]The five-passenger sedan was Packard's best-selling model for years.[32] This helped Packard become the best-selling luxury brand between 1924 and 1930,[33] as well as selling almost twice as many abroad as any other marque priced over US$2000.[34]1927 Packard Third Series Eight Model 343 Convertible Sedan by Murphy\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1930 Packard Seventh Series Deluxe Eight Roadster, Model 745\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1932 Packard Ninth Series De Luxe Eight Model 904 sedan limousine\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1934 Packard Eleventh Series Standard Eight Model 1101 convertible sedan\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1930 Packard Seventh Series Roadster Speedster Model 734\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1930 Packard Seventh Series Boattail Speedster Model 734","title":"In the market"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Packard Station Sedan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packard_Station_Sedan"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-flory_50s-4"},{"link_name":"ponton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponton_(car)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1946_Packard_Clipper_(32104790041).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Packard_Clipper_Eight_Deluxe_Touring_Sedan_Model_2111_1947.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Packard_Eight_Sedan_1948.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Packard.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1950_Packard_Eight_Club_Sedan_in_Packard_Maroon.jpg"}],"text":"When Packard reintroduced the Packard Eight, they also introduced the Packard Station Sedan to offer a popular \"woodie\" appearance starting in 1948 with the modified body style,[4] then adopting a commonly called ponton appearance.1946 Packard Clipper Eight\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1947 Packard DeLuxe Clipper Eight\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1948 Packard Eight\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1949 Packard Eight\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1950 Packard Eight","title":"Packard Eight (1946-1950)"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Kimes, Beverly (1996). Standard catalog of American Cars 1805–1942 (third ed.). Krause publications. pp. 1105–1141. ISBN 0-87341-478-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87341-478-0","url_text":"0-87341-478-0"}]},{"reference":"Zimmerman, Frederick (5 August 2011). The Turnaround Experience: Real World Lessons in Revitalizing Corporations and Organizations. ISBN 9780983903543.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=bHJPMRZ8BdAC&q=packard+eight+vs+packard+super+eight&pg=PA298","url_text":"The Turnaround Experience: Real World Lessons in Revitalizing Corporations and Organizations"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780983903543","url_text":"9780983903543"}]},{"reference":"Flory, J. \"Kelly\" Jr. (2008). American Cars, 1946 to 1959; Every Model, Year by Year. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7864-3229-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3229-5","url_text":"978-0-7864-3229-5"}]},{"reference":"McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._McCusker","url_text":"McCusker, J. J."},{"url":"https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf","url_text":"How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society","url_text":"American Antiquarian Society"}]},{"reference":"McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._McCusker","url_text":"McCusker, J. J."},{"url":"https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf","url_text":"How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society","url_text":"American Antiquarian Society"}]},{"reference":"Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. \"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–\". Retrieved February 29, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-","url_text":"\"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–\""}]},{"reference":"\"Packard 1931\". Classic Car Catalog. Retrieved 23 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.classiccarcatalogue.com/PACKARD%201931.html","url_text":"\"Packard 1931\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFD1
OFD1
["1 See also","2 References","3 External links","4 Further reading"]
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens OFD1IdentifiersAliasesOFD1, 71-7A, CXorf5, JBTS10, RP23, SGBS2, oral-facial-digital syndrome 1, centriole and centriolar satellite protein, OFD1 centriole and centriolar satellite proteinExternal IDsOMIM: 300170; MGI: 1350328; HomoloGene: 2677; GeneCards: OFD1; OMA:OFD1 - orthologsGene location (Human)Chr.X chromosome (human)BandXp22.2Start13,734,743 bpEnd13,777,955 bpGene location (Mouse)Chr.X chromosome (mouse)BandX F5|X 77.28 cMStart165,173,029 bpEnd165,223,700 bpRNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse (ortholog)Top expressed inspermbronchial epithelial cellright uterine tubeolfactory zone of nasal mucosaoptic nerveparotid glandtendon of biceps brachiiendometriumleft lobe of thyroid glandleft ovaryTop expressed inprimary oocytezygotesecondary oocytefossaotic vesiclesacculemotor neuroncondylesubstantia nigratail of embryoMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular function alpha-tubulin binding protein binding identical protein binding gamma-tubulin binding Cellular component cytoplasm ciliary basal body cytosol centrosome cell projection membrane cilium centriolar satellite microtubule organizing center centriole cytoskeleton nucleus extracellular region Biological process epithelial cilium movement involved in determination of left/right asymmetry mitotic spindle assembly cell projection organization G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle centriole replication cilium assembly ciliary basal body-plasma membrane docking mitotic cell cycle regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle Sources:Amigo / QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez8481237222EnsemblENSG00000046651ENSMUSG00000040586UniProtO75665Q80Z25RefSeq (mRNA)NM_003611NM_001330209NM_001330210NM_177429RefSeq (protein)NP_001317138NP_001317139NP_003602NP_803178Location (UCSC)Chr X: 13.73 – 13.78 MbChr X: 165.17 – 165.22 MbPubMed searchWikidataView/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse Oral-facial-digital syndrome 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OFD1 gene. Human chromosomal region Xp22.3-p21.3 comprises the area between the pseudoautosomal boundary and the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene (MIM 300377). This region harbors several disease loci, including OFD1 (MIM 311200), CFNS (MIM 304110), DFN6 (MIM 300066), and SEDT (MIM 313400). It also contains a region of homology with both the short and the long arms of the Y chromosome and undergoes frequent chromosomal rearrangements. See also Orofaciodigital syndrome 1 Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome References ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000046651 – Ensembl, May 2017 ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000040586 – Ensembl, May 2017 ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. ^ de Conciliis L, Marchitiello A, Wapenaar MC, Borsani G, Giglio S, Mariani M, Consalez GG, Zuffardi O, Franco B, Ballabio A, Banfi S (Nov 1998). "Characterization of Cxorf5 (71-7A), a novel human cDNA mapping to Xp22 and encoding a protein containing coiled-coil alpha-helical domains". Genomics. 51 (2): 243–50. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5348. PMID 9722947. ^ Feather SA, Woolf AS, Donnai D, Malcolm S, Winter RM (Aug 1997). "The oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1), a cause of polycystic kidney disease and associated malformations, maps to Xp22.2-Xp22.3". Hum Mol Genet. 6 (7): 1163–7. doi:10.1093/hmg/6.7.1163. PMID 9215688. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: OFD1 oral-facial-digital syndrome 1". External links GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type I Further reading Alitalo T, Francis F, Kere J, et al. (1995). "A 6-Mb YAC contig in Xp22.1-p22.2 spanning the DXS69E, XE59, GLRA2, PIGA, GRPR, CALB3, and PHKA2 genes". Genomics. 25 (3): 691–700. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80012-B. PMID 7759104. Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149. Brzustowicz LM, Farrell S, Khan MB, Weksberg R (1999). "Mapping of a new SGBS locus to chromosome Xp22 in a family with a severe form of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65 (3): 779–83. doi:10.1086/302527. PMC 1377986. PMID 10441586. Ferrante MI, Giorgio G, Feather SA, et al. (2001). "Identification of the gene for oral-facial-digital type I syndrome". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68 (3): 569–76. doi:10.1086/318802. PMC 1274470. PMID 11179005. Emes RD, Ponting CP (2002). "A new sequence motif linking lissencephaly, Treacher Collins and oral-facial-digital type 1 syndromes, microtubule dynamics and cell migration". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (24): 2813–20. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.24.2813. PMID 11734546. Rakkolainen A, Ala-Mello S, Kristo P, et al. (2002). "Four novel mutations in the OFD1 (Cxorf5) gene in Finnish patients with oral-facial-digital syndrome 1". J. Med. Genet. 39 (4): 292–6. doi:10.1136/jmg.39.4.292. PMC 1735103. PMID 11950863. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. Romio L, Wright V, Price K, et al. (2003). "OFD1, the gene mutated in oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1, is expressed in the metanephros and in human embryonic renal mesenchymal cells". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 14 (3): 680–9. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000054497.48394.D2. PMID 12595504. Ferrante MI, Barra A, Truong JP, et al. (2004). "Characterization of the OFD1/Ofd1 genes on the human and mouse sex chromosomes and exclusion of Ofd1 for the Xpl mouse mutant". Genomics. 81 (6): 560–9. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00091-0. PMID 12782125. Andersen JS, Wilkinson CJ, Mayor T, et al. (2003). "Proteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling". Nature. 426 (6966): 570–4. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..570A. doi:10.1038/nature02166. PMID 14654843. S2CID 4427303. Romio L, Fry AM, Winyard PJ, et al. (2005). "OFD1 is a centrosomal/basal body protein expressed during mesenchymal-epithelial transition in human nephrogenesis". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15 (10): 2556–68. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000140220.46477.5C. PMID 15466260. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. Thauvin-Robinet C, Cossée M, Cormier-Daire V, et al. (2006). "Clinical, molecular, and genotype-phenotype correlation studies from 25 cases of oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1: a French and Belgian collaborative study". J. Med. Genet. 43 (1): 54–61. doi:10.1136/jmg.2004.027672. PMC 2564504. PMID 16397067. Budny B, Chen W, Omran H, et al. (2007). "A novel X-linked recessive mental retardation syndrome comprising macrocephaly and ciliary dysfunction is allelic to oral-facial-digital type I syndrome". Hum. Genet. 120 (2): 171–8. doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0210-5. PMID 16783569. S2CID 20471001. vteCiliary proteinsNephrocystin NPHP1 INVS NPHP3 NPHP4 IQCB1 CEP290 GLIS2 RPGRIP1L Basal body BBsome BBS1 BBS2 BBS4 BBS5 BBS7 TTC8 BBS9 chaperone MKKS BBS10 BBS12 Other ARL6 TRIM32 ALMS1 CC2D2A CEP290 MKS1 RPGRIP1L OFD1 AHI1 INVS NPHP4 NEK8 NPHP1 Cilia connecting cilia LCA5 RP1 RPGR RPGRIP1 TULP1 primary cilia ARL13B INPP5E IQCB1 PKHD1 PKD1 PKD2 TMEM67 Dynein outer dynein arms DNAH5 DNAI2 DNAL1 axoneme DNAH11 DNAI1 Radial spokes RSPH1 RSPH3 RSPH4A RSPH6A RSPH9 RSPH10B Other cytoplasm KTU nucleus GLIS2 intraflagellar transport IFT80 other AHI1 ARL13B BRCC3 INPP5E KIF3A LRRC50 SDCCAG8 TMEM216 TXNDC3 see also: ciliopathy This article on a gene on the human X chromosome and/or its associated protein is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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spokes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_spoke"},{"link_name":"RSPH1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSPH1"},{"link_name":"RSPH3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSPH3"},{"link_name":"RSPH4A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSPH4A"},{"link_name":"RSPH6A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSPH6A"},{"link_name":"RSPH9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSPH9"},{"link_name":"RSPH10B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSPH10B"},{"link_name":"cytoplasm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasm"},{"link_name":"KTU","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C14orf104"},{"link_name":"nucleus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus"},{"link_name":"GLIS2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLIS2"},{"link_name":"intraflagellar transport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraflagellar_transport"},{"link_name":"IFT80","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFT80"},{"link_name":"AHI1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AHI1"},{"link_name":"ARL13B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARL13B"},{"link_name":"BRCC3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRCC3"},{"link_name":"INPP5E","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INPP5E"},{"link_name":"KIF3A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIF3A"},{"link_name":"LRRC50","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LRRC50"},{"link_name":"SDCCAG8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDCCAG8"},{"link_name":"TMEM216","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMEM216"},{"link_name":"TXNDC3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TXNDC3"},{"link_name":"ciliopathy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Ciliopathy"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_stub.png"},{"link_name":"gene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene"},{"link_name":"X chromosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_chromosome"},{"link_name":"protein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein"},{"link_name":"stub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub"},{"link_name":"expanding it","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OFD1&action=edit"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Gene-X-stub"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Gene-X-stub"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gene-X-stub"}],"text":"Alitalo T, Francis F, Kere J, et al. (1995). \"A 6-Mb YAC contig in Xp22.1-p22.2 spanning the DXS69E, XE59, GLRA2, PIGA, GRPR, CALB3, and PHKA2 genes\". Genomics. 25 (3): 691–700. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80012-B. PMID 7759104.\nMaruyama K, Sugano S (1994). \"Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides\". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.\nSuzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). \"Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library\". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.\nBrzustowicz LM, Farrell S, Khan MB, Weksberg R (1999). \"Mapping of a new SGBS locus to chromosome Xp22 in a family with a severe form of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome\". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65 (3): 779–83. doi:10.1086/302527. PMC 1377986. PMID 10441586.\nFerrante MI, Giorgio G, Feather SA, et al. (2001). \"Identification of the gene for oral-facial-digital type I syndrome\". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68 (3): 569–76. doi:10.1086/318802. PMC 1274470. PMID 11179005.\nEmes RD, Ponting CP (2002). \"A new sequence motif linking lissencephaly, Treacher Collins and oral-facial-digital type 1 syndromes, microtubule dynamics and cell migration\". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (24): 2813–20. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.24.2813. PMID 11734546.\nRakkolainen A, Ala-Mello S, Kristo P, et al. (2002). \"Four novel mutations in the OFD1 (Cxorf5) gene in Finnish patients with oral-facial-digital syndrome 1\". J. Med. Genet. 39 (4): 292–6. doi:10.1136/jmg.39.4.292. PMC 1735103. PMID 11950863.\nStrausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). \"Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences\". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.\nRomio L, Wright V, Price K, et al. (2003). \"OFD1, the gene mutated in oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1, is expressed in the metanephros and in human embryonic renal mesenchymal cells\". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 14 (3): 680–9. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000054497.48394.D2. PMID 12595504.\nFerrante MI, Barra A, Truong JP, et al. (2004). \"Characterization of the OFD1/Ofd1 genes on the human and mouse sex chromosomes and exclusion of Ofd1 for the Xpl mouse mutant\". Genomics. 81 (6): 560–9. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00091-0. PMID 12782125.\nAndersen JS, Wilkinson CJ, Mayor T, et al. (2003). \"Proteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling\". Nature. 426 (6966): 570–4. Bibcode:2003Natur.426..570A. doi:10.1038/nature02166. PMID 14654843. S2CID 4427303.\nRomio L, Fry AM, Winyard PJ, et al. (2005). \"OFD1 is a centrosomal/basal body protein expressed during mesenchymal-epithelial transition in human nephrogenesis\". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15 (10): 2556–68. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000140220.46477.5C. PMID 15466260.\nGerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). \"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)\". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.\nThauvin-Robinet C, Cossée M, Cormier-Daire V, et al. (2006). \"Clinical, molecular, and genotype-phenotype correlation studies from 25 cases of oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1: a French and Belgian collaborative study\". J. Med. Genet. 43 (1): 54–61. doi:10.1136/jmg.2004.027672. PMC 2564504. PMID 16397067.\nBudny B, Chen W, Omran H, et al. (2007). \"A novel X-linked recessive mental retardation syndrome comprising macrocephaly and ciliary dysfunction is allelic to oral-facial-digital type I syndrome\". Hum. Genet. 120 (2): 171–8. doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0210-5. PMID 16783569. S2CID 20471001.vteCiliary proteinsNephrocystin\nNPHP1\nINVS\nNPHP3\nNPHP4\nIQCB1\nCEP290\nGLIS2\nRPGRIP1L\nBasal body\nBBsome\nBBS1\nBBS2\nBBS4\nBBS5\nBBS7\nTTC8\nBBS9\nchaperone\nMKKS\nBBS10\nBBS12\nOther\nARL6\nTRIM32\nALMS1\nCC2D2A\nCEP290\nMKS1\nRPGRIP1L\nOFD1\nAHI1\nINVS\nNPHP4\nNEK8\nNPHP1\nCilia\nconnecting cilia\nLCA5\nRP1\nRPGR\nRPGRIP1\nTULP1\nprimary cilia\nARL13B\nINPP5E\nIQCB1\nPKHD1\nPKD1\nPKD2\nTMEM67\nDynein\nouter dynein arms\nDNAH5\nDNAI2\nDNAL1\naxoneme\nDNAH11\nDNAI1\nRadial spokes\nRSPH1\nRSPH3\nRSPH4A\nRSPH6A\nRSPH9\nRSPH10B\nOther\ncytoplasm\nKTU\nnucleus\nGLIS2\nintraflagellar transport\nIFT80\nother\nAHI1\nARL13B\nBRCC3\nINPP5E\nKIF3A\nLRRC50\nSDCCAG8\nTMEM216\nTXNDC3\nsee also: ciliopathyThis article on a gene on the human X chromosome and/or its associated protein is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte","title":"Further reading"}]
[]
[{"title":"Orofaciodigital syndrome 1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orofaciodigital_syndrome_1"},{"title":"Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpson%E2%80%93Golabi%E2%80%93Behmel_syndrome"}]
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PMID 9215688.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2F6.7.1163","url_text":"\"The oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1), a cause of polycystic kidney disease and associated malformations, maps to Xp22.2-Xp22.3\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2F6.7.1163","url_text":"10.1093/hmg/6.7.1163"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9215688","url_text":"9215688"}]},{"reference":"\"Entrez Gene: OFD1 oral-facial-digital syndrome 1\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8481","url_text":"\"Entrez Gene: OFD1 oral-facial-digital syndrome 1\""}]},{"reference":"Alitalo T, Francis F, Kere J, et al. (1995). \"A 6-Mb YAC contig in Xp22.1-p22.2 spanning the DXS69E, XE59, GLRA2, PIGA, GRPR, CALB3, and PHKA2 genes\". 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PMID 10441586.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1377986","url_text":"\"Mapping of a new SGBS locus to chromosome Xp22 in a family with a severe form of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1086%2F302527","url_text":"10.1086/302527"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1377986","url_text":"1377986"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10441586","url_text":"10441586"}]},{"reference":"Ferrante MI, Giorgio G, Feather SA, et al. (2001). \"Identification of the gene for oral-facial-digital type I syndrome\". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68 (3): 569–76. doi:10.1086/318802. PMC 1274470. 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PMID 11734546.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2F10.24.2813","url_text":"\"A new sequence motif linking lissencephaly, Treacher Collins and oral-facial-digital type 1 syndromes, microtubule dynamics and cell migration\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2F10.24.2813","url_text":"10.1093/hmg/10.24.2813"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11734546","url_text":"11734546"}]},{"reference":"Rakkolainen A, Ala-Mello S, Kristo P, et al. (2002). \"Four novel mutations in the OFD1 (Cxorf5) gene in Finnish patients with oral-facial-digital syndrome 1\". J. Med. Genet. 39 (4): 292–6. doi:10.1136/jmg.39.4.292. PMC 1735103. 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PMID 16397067.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2564504","url_text":"\"Clinical, molecular, and genotype-phenotype correlation studies from 25 cases of oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1: a French and Belgian collaborative study\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjmg.2004.027672","url_text":"10.1136/jmg.2004.027672"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2564504","url_text":"2564504"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16397067","url_text":"16397067"}]},{"reference":"Budny B, Chen W, Omran H, et al. (2007). \"A novel X-linked recessive mental retardation syndrome comprising macrocephaly and ciliary dysfunction is allelic to oral-facial-digital type I syndrome\". Hum. 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syndrome\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1086%2F302527","external_links_name":"10.1086/302527"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1377986","external_links_name":"1377986"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10441586","external_links_name":"10441586"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1274470","external_links_name":"\"Identification of the gene for oral-facial-digital type I syndrome\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1086%2F318802","external_links_name":"10.1086/318802"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1274470","external_links_name":"1274470"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11179005","external_links_name":"11179005"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2F10.24.2813","external_links_name":"\"A new sequence motif linking lissencephaly, Treacher Collins and oral-facial-digital type 1 syndromes, microtubule dynamics and cell migration\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2F10.24.2813","external_links_name":"10.1093/hmg/10.24.2813"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11734546","external_links_name":"11734546"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1735103","external_links_name":"\"Four novel mutations in the OFD1 (Cxorf5) gene in Finnish patients with oral-facial-digital syndrome 1\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjmg.39.4.292","external_links_name":"10.1136/jmg.39.4.292"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1735103","external_links_name":"1735103"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11950863","external_links_name":"11950863"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139241","external_links_name":"\"Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences\""},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PNAS...9916899M","external_links_name":"2002PNAS...9916899M"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.242603899","external_links_name":"10.1073/pnas.242603899"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139241","external_links_name":"139241"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12477932","external_links_name":"12477932"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.ASN.0000054497.48394.D2","external_links_name":"\"OFD1, the gene mutated in oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1, is expressed in the metanephros and in human embryonic renal mesenchymal cells\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.ASN.0000054497.48394.D2","external_links_name":"10.1097/01.ASN.0000054497.48394.D2"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12595504","external_links_name":"12595504"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0888-7543%2803%2900091-0","external_links_name":"10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00091-0"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12782125","external_links_name":"12782125"},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Natur.426..570A","external_links_name":"2003Natur.426..570A"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature02166","external_links_name":"10.1038/nature02166"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14654843","external_links_name":"14654843"},{"Link":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4427303","external_links_name":"4427303"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.ASN.0000140220.46477.5C","external_links_name":"\"OFD1 is a centrosomal/basal body protein expressed during mesenchymal-epithelial transition in human nephrogenesis\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.ASN.0000140220.46477.5C","external_links_name":"10.1097/01.ASN.0000140220.46477.5C"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15466260","external_links_name":"15466260"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528928","external_links_name":"\"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.2596504","external_links_name":"10.1101/gr.2596504"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528928","external_links_name":"528928"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15489334","external_links_name":"15489334"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2564504","external_links_name":"\"Clinical, molecular, and genotype-phenotype correlation studies from 25 cases of oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1: a French and Belgian collaborative study\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjmg.2004.027672","external_links_name":"10.1136/jmg.2004.027672"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2564504","external_links_name":"2564504"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16397067","external_links_name":"16397067"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00439-006-0210-5","external_links_name":"10.1007/s00439-006-0210-5"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16783569","external_links_name":"16783569"},{"Link":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20471001","external_links_name":"20471001"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OFD1&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_Hitchcock
Nicola Hitchcock
["1 History","1.1 Childhood and musical roots","1.2 Early work in bands","1.3 A Bowl of Chalk (first solo album) (1993)","1.4 Mandalay","1.5 Post-Mandalay","1.6 Passive Aggressive (2005)","1.7 Later work (2006 onwards)","2 Discography","3 References","4 External links"]
British singer and songwriter This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: "Nicola Hitchcock" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article may contain excessive or inappropriate references to self-published sources. Please help improve it by removing references to unreliable sources where they are used inappropriately. (February 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Nicola HitchcockBirth nameNicola Corinne HitchcockBornLondon, EnglandGenres Electronica trip hop downtempo Occupation(s) Singer-songwriter producer Instrument(s) Vocals guitar keyboards accordion hand drum programming Years active1984 –presentLabels F-Beat/Demon V2 Tempted self-publishing Websitewww.nicolahitchcock.comMusical artist Nicola Corinne Hitchcock is a British singer and songwriter. She is best known for having been one half of the trip hop duo Mandalay (along with Saul Freeman). Following the demise of Mandalay, she has worked with various dance music and avant-garde musicians including Chris Brann and Ryuichi Sakamoto but has more recently returned to her solo career. History Childhood and musical roots Nicola Hitchcock's father was a musician, actor and script writer, TV producer/director – her parents divorced, her father leaving the family home when Nicola was three. She has credited her father for her initial interest in music and for teaching her how to create her first songs. She began seriously writing songs from the age of nine, when she received her first acoustic guitar. Early influences included The Beatles and Carole King. ""My Dad was a music addict, always had commercial radio playing in the car and in the house… he'd sit beside me at the piano making up duets, him at the bass end me at the top … I remember our living room being scattered with test pressings, white labels... putting them on and jumping around to them as a kid" Nicola Hitchcock on her father's influence on her early interest in music From the age of 15, she began gaining stage experience in local covers bands, learning to play accordion, keyboards and percussion in addition to her vocal and guitar skills. While training as a teacher Hitchcock took the opportunity to learn from degree music students, gaining lessons on classical composition and opera singing as well as keyboard skills. Early work in bands During her twenties, Hitchcock gained work as a backing vocalist and multi-instrumentalist on the London live music circuit. She was for a time a member of Eternal Triangle, a London-based pop/new wave band who were signed to Beggars Banquet. In 1984 she contributed vocals and keyboards to their sole album, Touch and Let Go, as well as its two associated singles. In 1992 she wrote and recorded several 4-track demos performed solo as a voice-and-guitar act in various acoustic and folk clubs prior to being signed up by F-Beat/Demon Records. A Bowl of Chalk (first solo album) (1993) F-Beat Records signed her up for her first solo album, 1993's A Bowl of Chalk. A Bowl of Chalk was a low-key, stripped-down, acoustic vibe. Hitchcock added folk instrumentation such as whistle, accordion and hand drum, and several tracks featured the celebrated British jazz/folk musician Danny Thompson (ex-Pentangle/John Martyn) on double bass. (Other performers included Prefab Sprout drummer Neil Conti). In a Folk Roots magazine review, Colin Irwin praised Hitchcock's songwriting, commenting "there's something indefinably magical in her delivery and in the very human troubled personal conflicts in her exceptional lyrics... a remarkable debut." The album yielded two singles, Pick Up Your Coat and My Mistake. The former featured an acoustic cover of Squeeze's Is That Love, performed as a duet with Chris Difford. A Bowl of Chalk boosted Hitchcock's reputation on London's folk and acoustic circuit and led to full band performances at the Guildford Folk Festival, the Cambridge Folk Festival and the Phoenix Festival. Unfortunately, F-Beat Records folded shortly afterwards and the album went out of print. Mandalay Recently inspired by the developing trip-hop music scene (as spearheaded by Massive Attack and Portishead), Hitchcock now began to seek out other musical opportunities. Replying to another advert in Melody Maker put her in touch with Chrysalis Music and with Saul Freeman. Freeman was a multi-instrumentalist/producer who had initially been the other half of the acclaimed pop duo Thieves, before a falling-out with his partner (singer David McAlmont) had left Freeman without a band and with his work released as McAlmont's debut album. Hitchcock and Freeman formed another pop duo, Mandalay, which blended Hitchcock's talent as a musician, singer-songwriter with Freeman's textured arrangements and his mixture of trip-hop dance smoothness and post-punk avant-garde textures. Mandalay were courted by various major labels on completion of their first demos, but opted instead to sign to David Steele's independent label Organic Records. Mandalay's first single release, "Flowers Bloom" gained the Single of the Week award in Melody Maker, immediately strengthening their position. They subsequently signed to V2 Records, for whom they would release two albums, Empathy and Instinct. Mandalay lasted for seven years, during which they received a good deal of critical acclaim and the tag of "Madonna's favourite band." The project ended in 2002 due to musical and personal differences. Post-Mandalay Shortly before Mandalay's demise in 2002, Hitchcock's songwriting and vocal talents were sought out by Tiësto who chose her song "In My Memory" for his first album, of the same title. With a deft remix from him, it became the lead single for the album, the success of which led to a live performance by Hitchcock at the Dutch Music Awards in 2002. Hitchcock's career was interrupted by a car accident, a relocation to Devon and a period spent recuperating from the Epstein-Barr virus. However, during this time she continued to be sought out by artists, musicians, and DJs contacting her via the internet and email with requests for possible collaborations. She began working on tracks from avant garde composers Hector Zazou, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Lenny Ibizarre and the underground artist & DJ Chris Brann (Wamdue Project, P'taah etc.). Passive Aggressive (2005) In 2005, Hitchcock released her second solo album Passive Aggressive, on her own label Tempted Records. The album compiled many of her recent collaborations – excluding "In My Memory" but including the work with Sakamoto, Brann, Ibizarre and Zazou (as well as newer work with Sounds from the Ground, the string trio Echo and frequent Thieves/Mandalay collaborator Michael J. Ade). Later work (2006 onwards) In 2006, Hitchcock was approached by Justin Elswick of the electronic dance project Sleepthief, which led to her co-writing and performing the song "You Did A Good Thing" on Sleepthief's debut album The Dawnseeker. In 2012, Hitchcock released a self-produced EP consisting of three new tracks "A Coeurs Vaillants", "Magic Heart" and the title track, "Quarterbright". She is currently working on her next solo release and also on new collaborations. In 2016, Hitchcock was a guest vocalist on Steve Jansen's Tender Extinction album on the track "Faced with Nothing". In 2020, Hitchcock released a new single Song For Rachel. Discography Main article: Nicola Hitchcock discography Studio albums 1993: A Bowl of Chalk 1998: Empathy (with Mandalay) 2000: Instinct (with Mandalay) 2005: Passive Aggressive References ^ "BECAUSE". ASCAP. American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. Retrieved 9 July 2023. ^ a b c d e f "Nicola Hitchcock » Biography". Nicolahitchcock.com. ^ a b c "Nicola Hitchcock » Q&A". Nicolahitchcock.com. External links Official website Official 2005 biography and solo lyrics Lambert Records site with free files of Shen 1993 Spirit of the Sea EP, featuring Nicola vteMandalay Saul Freeman Nicola Hitchcock Studio albums Empathy Instinct Related groups Thieves Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Norway Germany United States Artists MusicBrainz
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Following the demise of Mandalay, she has worked with various dance music and avant-garde musicians including Chris Brann and Ryuichi Sakamoto but has more recently returned to her solo career.","title":"Nicola Hitchcock"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Beatles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles"},{"link_name":"Carole King","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole_King"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto1-3"}],"sub_title":"Childhood and musical roots","text":"Nicola Hitchcock's father was a musician, actor and script writer, TV producer/director – her parents divorced, her father leaving the family home when Nicola was three. She has credited her father for her initial interest in music and for teaching her how to create her first songs. She began seriously writing songs from the age of nine, when she received her first acoustic guitar. Early influences included The Beatles and Carole King.[2]\"\"My Dad was a music addict, always had commercial radio playing in the car and in the house… he'd sit beside me at the piano making up duets, him at the bass end me at the top … I remember our living room being scattered with test pressings, white labels... putting them on and jumping around to them as a kid\"\n\n\nNicola Hitchcock on her father's influence on her early interest in music[2]From the age of 15, she began gaining stage experience in local covers bands, learning to play accordion, keyboards and percussion in addition to her vocal and guitar skills. While training as a teacher Hitchcock took the opportunity to learn from degree music students, gaining lessons on classical composition and opera singing as well as keyboard skills.[3]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Beggars Banquet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beggars_Banquet"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto1-3"}],"sub_title":"Early work in bands","text":"During her twenties, Hitchcock gained work as a backing vocalist and multi-instrumentalist on the London live music circuit. She was for a time a member of Eternal Triangle,[citation needed] a London-based pop/new wave band who were signed to Beggars Banquet. In 1984 she contributed vocals and keyboards to their sole album, Touch and Let Go, as well as its two associated singles.[citation needed]In 1992 she wrote and recorded several 4-track demos performed solo as a voice-and-guitar act in various acoustic and folk clubs prior to being signed up by F-Beat/Demon Records.[2][3]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"F-Beat Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-Beat_Records"},{"link_name":"Danny Thompson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Thompson"},{"link_name":"Pentangle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentangle_(band)"},{"link_name":"John Martyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Martyn"},{"link_name":"Prefab Sprout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefab_Sprout"},{"link_name":"Neil Conti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Conti"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-2"},{"link_name":"Squeeze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squeeze_(band)"},{"link_name":"Is That Love","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is_That_Love"},{"link_name":"Chris Difford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Difford"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-2"}],"sub_title":"A Bowl of Chalk (first solo album) (1993)","text":"F-Beat Records signed her up for her first solo album, 1993's A Bowl of Chalk. A Bowl of Chalk was a low-key, stripped-down, acoustic vibe. Hitchcock added folk instrumentation such as whistle, accordion and hand drum, and several tracks featured the celebrated British jazz/folk musician Danny Thompson (ex-Pentangle/John Martyn) on double bass. (Other performers included Prefab Sprout drummer Neil Conti). In a Folk Roots magazine review, Colin Irwin praised Hitchcock's songwriting, commenting \"there's something indefinably magical in her delivery and in the very human troubled personal conflicts in her exceptional lyrics... a remarkable debut.\"[2] The album yielded two singles, Pick Up Your Coat and My Mistake. The former featured an acoustic cover of Squeeze's Is That Love, performed as a duet with Chris Difford.A Bowl of Chalk boosted Hitchcock's reputation on London's folk and acoustic circuit and led to full band performances at the Guildford Folk Festival, the Cambridge Folk Festival and the Phoenix Festival. Unfortunately, F-Beat Records folded shortly afterwards and the album went out of print.[2]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Massive Attack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_Attack"},{"link_name":"Portishead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portishead_(band)"},{"link_name":"Melody Maker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melody_Maker"},{"link_name":"Saul Freeman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saul_Freeman&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Thieves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thieves_(band)"},{"link_name":"David McAlmont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_McAlmont"},{"link_name":"Mandalay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandalay_(band)"},{"link_name":"Madonna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)"}],"sub_title":"Mandalay","text":"Recently inspired by the developing trip-hop music scene (as spearheaded by Massive Attack and Portishead), Hitchcock now began to seek out other musical opportunities. Replying to another advert in Melody Maker put her in touch with Chrysalis Music and with Saul Freeman. Freeman was a multi-instrumentalist/producer who had initially been the other half of the acclaimed pop duo Thieves, before a falling-out with his partner (singer David McAlmont) had left Freeman without a band and with his work released as McAlmont's debut album.Hitchcock and Freeman formed another pop duo, Mandalay, which blended Hitchcock's talent as a musician, singer-songwriter with Freeman's textured arrangements and his mixture of trip-hop dance smoothness and post-punk avant-garde textures. Mandalay were courted by various major labels on completion of their first demos, but opted instead to sign to David Steele's independent label Organic Records. Mandalay's first single release, \"Flowers Bloom\" gained the Single of the Week award in Melody Maker, immediately strengthening their position. They subsequently signed to V2 Records, for whom they would release two albums, Empathy and Instinct.Mandalay lasted for seven years, during which they received a good deal of critical acclaim and the tag of \"Madonna's favourite band.\" The project ended in 2002 due to musical and personal differences.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tiësto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%ABsto"},{"link_name":"In My Memory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_My_Memory_(song)"},{"link_name":"of the same title","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_My_Memory"},{"link_name":"Devon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devon"},{"link_name":"Epstein-Barr virus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein-Barr_virus"},{"link_name":"Hector Zazou","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hector_Zazou"},{"link_name":"Ryuichi Sakamoto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryuichi_Sakamoto"},{"link_name":"Chris Brann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Brann"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto1-3"}],"sub_title":"Post-Mandalay","text":"Shortly before Mandalay's demise in 2002, Hitchcock's songwriting and vocal talents were sought out by Tiësto who chose her song \"In My Memory\" for his first album, of the same title. With a deft remix from him, it became the lead single for the album, the success of which led to a live performance by Hitchcock at the Dutch Music Awards in 2002.Hitchcock's career was interrupted by a car accident, a relocation to Devon and a period spent recuperating from the Epstein-Barr virus. However, during this time she continued to be sought out by artists, musicians, and DJs contacting her via the internet and email with requests for possible collaborations. She began working on tracks from avant garde composers Hector Zazou, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Lenny Ibizarre and the underground artist & DJ Chris Brann (Wamdue Project, P'taah etc.).[2][3]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Passive Aggressive (2005)","text":"In 2005, Hitchcock released her second solo album Passive Aggressive, on her own label Tempted Records. The album compiled many of her recent collaborations – excluding \"In My Memory\" but including the work with Sakamoto, Brann, Ibizarre and Zazou (as well as newer work with Sounds from the Ground, the string trio Echo and frequent Thieves/Mandalay collaborator Michael J. Ade).","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sleepthief","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepthief"}],"sub_title":"Later work (2006 onwards)","text":"In 2006, Hitchcock was approached by Justin Elswick of the electronic dance project Sleepthief, which led to her co-writing and performing the song \"You Did A Good Thing\" on Sleepthief's debut album The Dawnseeker.In 2012, Hitchcock released a self-produced EP consisting of three new tracks \"A Coeurs Vaillants\", \"Magic Heart\" and the title track, \"Quarterbright\". She is currently working on her next solo release and also on new collaborations.In 2016, Hitchcock was a guest vocalist on Steve Jansen's Tender Extinction album on the track \"Faced with Nothing\".In 2020, Hitchcock released a new single Song For Rachel.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mandalay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandalay_(band)"}],"text":"Studio albums1993: A Bowl of Chalk\n1998: Empathy (with Mandalay)\n2000: Instinct (with Mandalay)\n2005: Passive Aggressive","title":"Discography"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Adam-12
Adam-12 (1990 TV series)
["1 Cast and characters","2 Episodes","2.1 Season 1 (1990–91)","2.2 Season 2 (1991)","3 References","4 External links"]
1990 television series Adam-12Also known asThe New Adam-12GenrePolice proceduralCreated by Robert A. Cinader Jack Webb Directed by Charles Bail Rob Stewart Georg Fenady Starring Ethan Wayne Peter Parros Miguel Fernandes Alma Martinez Linden Ashby Harri James Country of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons2No. of episodes52ProductionExecutive producerArthur L. AnnecharicoProducers Burton Armus John Whitman Cinematography Don McCuaig J. Barry Herron EditorLawrence J. GleasonRunning time22 minutesProduction companies The Arthur Company Universal Television Original releaseNetworkSyndicationReleaseSeptember 24, 1990 (1990-09-24) –September 16, 1991 (1991-09-16)RelatedAdam-12 Adam-12 (also known as The New Adam-12) is an American police procedural crime drama television series produced by Arthur L. Annecharico, Burton Armus, and John Whitman under The Arthur Company and Universal Television. It is a syndicated revival of the 1968–1975 series of the same name created by Robert A. Cinader and Jack Webb (both credited posthumously as series creators) and features the same premise with different characters and an updated setting, following Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers Matt Doyle and Gus Grant as they patrol Los Angeles in their police cruiser, assigned the call sign "1-Adam-12". The New Adam-12 stars Ethan Wayne and Peter Parros, and co-stars Miguel Fernandes, Alma Martinez, Linden Ashby, and Harri James, among others. The series ran over two seasons of 26 episodes each, and aired consecutively for 52 straight weeks, with the entire series airing over one full calendar year from September 24, 1990 to September 16, 1991. The New Adam-12 aired alongside The New Dragnet, another remake of a 1960s Jack Webb series by The Arthur Company that was implied to be set in the same fictional universe. Both revivals were considerably different from their original works; most notably, the performances leaned more toward action but had far less depictions of violence, their scores eschewed the original themes for new synth-pop and jazz fusion tunes typical to police procedurals of the era, and the lead cruiser was a 1989 Ford LTD Crown Victoria. Cast and characters Ethan Wayne as Officer Matt Doyle: A white officer, and the revival's adaptation of Pete Malloy. His father was a New York City Police Department officer who his mother cheated on to deal with the stresses of waiting for him to get home, which made Doyle insist he would never be a police officer, though he eventually became one anyway. Doyle has a reserved, by-the-book personality. He is single, and the subplots and in-car conversations in several episodes follow his thoughts on single life and opportunities at finding a girlfriend. Peter Parros as Officer Gus Grant: An African American officer, and the revival's adaptation of Jim Reed. His father was a Korean War veteran. Before joining the LAPD, he attended the University of California, Los Angeles where he was a star college football player, and several one-off characters in the series recognize him from then. Grant has an approachable, laid-back personality. He is married, and the demands of his wife are the topic of subplots and in-car conversations in several episodes. His name is derived from an African American motorcycle officer from the original Adam-12 played by William Elliott, but they are separate characters. Miguel Fernandes as Sergeant Harry Santos: The watch commander of Central Division. He tends to speaks in a commanding, emotive manner with a no-nonsense personality, especially during roll call, but he is otherwise caring for the officers under his command, and is willing to loosen up and banter with them when appropriate. In season 2 episode 11, "Lock House", he is replaced in his role by Cruz. Alma Martinez as Sergeant Elizabeth Cruz: The watch commander of Central Division, replacing Santos from season 2 episode 11, "Lock House", onwards. She is overall similar to Santos, but lacks his emotive banter-prone personality and is shown to be more willing to personally care for the officers under her command. Linden Ashby as Officer Honeycutt: A recurring officer at Central Division who is friends with Doyle and Grant. He is partnered with Neville. Harri James as Officer Neville: A recurring officer at Central Division who is friends with Doyle and Grant. She is partnered with Honeycutt. Episodes Season 1 (1990–91) No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date11"The Sniper"Charles BailBurton ArmusSeptember 24, 1990 (1990-09-24) While on patrol, Doyle and Grant are attacked by a sniper (Dean Jacobson) targeting police officers because he was denied the opportunity to become one himself. After a series of attacks and close call with an unrelated man with a gun, Doyle, Grant, and Sergeant Santos manage to locate and apprehend the sniper. Meanwhile, a man seeks help after being blackmailed for change and tuna fish sandwiches by an elderly woman; and Doyle attempts to talk down a potential jumper who turns out to be a highwire walker. 22"Kid Cop"Charles BailE. Nick AlexanderOctober 1, 1990 (1990-10-01) Doyle and Grant are called to a chain of incidents where they happen to arrive just in time to intervene. Suspicious of the apparent preemptive timing of the calls, the suspects always being from the same Hispanic gang, and the presence of a young boy at the scene of each one, the pair investigate and learn the boy, Manko Salseda (Dante Basco), is a police buff who seeks the LAPD's help in getting his brother Julio (Jaime P. Gomez) out of the gang life. Meanwhile, a sunbather tries to seduce Doyle while repeatedly reporting a possible voyeur that turns out to be a feral cat; and Grant arrests a charismatic speaker for detonating fireworks in a park. 33"Neighbors"Georg FenadyJoseph GunnOctober 8, 1990 (1990-10-08) Doyle and Grant respond to a series of disputes between neighbors Ben Miller (Nicholas Worth) and Charlie Korowski (Med Flory) that gradually escalate. Though the dispute seems to be resolved when the officers arrest them for fighting, it quickly fires up again, resulting in a bloody culmination. Meanwhile, Doyle and Grant investigate a scam involving a collection basket and a "faulty" ATM; and the pair battle a strong delusional man wrecking a store. 44"Gay Bashing"Georg FenadyStephen GlantzOctober 15, 1990 (1990-10-15) Doyle and Grant are tasked with catching a group of homophobic young men assaulting gay men, but tensions between police and the city's LGBT community stifle the investigation. Meanwhile, the officers investigate a series of thefts in which specific parts of different classic cars are stolen by scrapyard owners seeking to make old car parts more accessible; and a member of a nudist counterculture commune tries to report a theft. 55"Witchcraft"Charles BailElliott AndersonOctober 22, 1990 (1990-10-22) An investigation into the abduction and murder of a guide dog, the theft of a corpse from a mortuary, and the kidnapping of a transient uncovers a cult seeking to revive a dead man using black magic. Meanwhile, a chance encounter with a jaywalker leads to the capture of thieves attempting to sneak a priceless statue out in a stroller; and a man's clothing sizes are used to identify him as a tailor robber. 66"Vigilante"Charles BailTed Alben & Greg KleinOctober 29, 1990 (1990-10-29) Actor Howie Melton (Jonathan Prince) is assigned to ride-along with Doyle and Grant as research for his upcoming film Midnight Heat. Though his energetic attitude causes problems, he comes to understand the realities of police work when Adam-12 is assigned to handle a series of rapes that nearly drive a neighborhood into violence when a vigilante group is formed to exact retribution against the rapist. Meanwhile, the officers follow up on a series of washing machine and clothes dryer thefts that are complicated when Melton's recognizability and laid-back behavior distracts the victims from filing reports. 77"Follow Home"Georg FenadyRalph Meyering Jr. & Richard StanleyNovember 5, 1990 (1990-11-05) Doyle and Grant investigate a series of violent thefts targeting wealthy women who are followed home from grocery stores. On the police's side, Central Division raises money to pay bail for Homer, a shoeshiner familiar with the officers who was imprisoned for jaywalking. Meanwhile, two elderly neighbors argue over the whereabouts of one of their dogs; and a man steals a five-ton truck of watermelons to sell for himself. 88"Real Estate Scam"Georg FenadyPeter ParrosNovember 12, 1990 (1990-11-12) Doyle and Grant seek to put an end to a real estate scam, in which a sweet-talking con man forges homeowners' signatures and sells their homes without their knowledge, before his actions ruin more lives. Meanwhile, a bar is plagued by a G.I. Joe fan prone to destructive fights; and the officers keep tabs on a cockfighter familiar to police. 99"Teach the Children"Rob StewartNancy Ann MillerNovember 19, 1990 (1990-11-19) Central Division shifts its full attention to apprehending a child molester, which also prompts Doyle and Grant to teach a child safety course for parents; the molester is ultimately caught, only for him to get out on bail. Meanwhile, two strangers argue over smoking caused by one's trauma and the other's indifference; a neighborhood's garbage is targeted by an ecologist seeking to promote recycling and end waste; and the officers deal with a spoiled celebrity seeking to use her fame to barter her way out of a traffic stop, only to be arrested when she slaps Doyle. The episode ends with a public service announcement to report missing children to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. 1010"211 Cabs"Rob StewartCarlton Hollander & Dennis RodriguezNovember 26, 1990 (1990-11-26) Doyle and Grant investigate a series of violent armed robberies and car bombings targeting taxi drivers, which escalate when one taxi driver is murdered for seemingly no reason. Meanwhile, the pair investigates the "borrowing" of a priceless gourmet cookbook by an aspiring young chef; a motorist is held at gunpoint by an elderly woman for allegedly hitting her cat with his car; a woman who enjoys cheating is mistaken for a prowler; and a white taxi driver and a black passenger abrubtly switch sides in an argument about the safety of being dropped off in certain neighborhoods. 1111"Framed"Charles BailStan BerkowitzDecember 3, 1990 (1990-12-03) After taking part in a narcotics raid and arresting Mr. Simms (Sy Richardson), a drug dealer familiar to him, Grant finds his career in jeopardy after Mr. Simms's son Darren (Theo Forsett) accuses him of planting evidence. With Doyle having had his back to him and Grant having threatened Mr. Simms prior, there is little evidence to prove Grant's innocence, but Doyle convinces Mrs. Simms (Claudia Robinson) to help, and Darren admits his father pressured him to lie, exonerating Grant. Meanwhile, a developmentally disabled restaurant dishwasher runs away after mistakenly believing he will be in trouble for breaking plates; and a meter maid's cart is stolen, disassembled, and reassembled on a roof. 1212"Escapees"Charles BailStephen W. JohnsonDecember 10, 1990 (1990-12-10) Three inmates escape from a Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department prisoner transport vehicle, and Central Division is alerted to assist in their manhunt. Doyle and Grant quickly apprehend one escapee, a burglar the others forced to go with them, while the remaining fugitives attempt to flee the city with a stolen rifle. Meanwhile, the officers unravel a scheme by two women to abduct cats and return them when a money reward is offered; and a man engaging in sexual roleplay with his adventurous wife is mistaken for both a burglar and a rapist. 1313"The Blue Avengers"Rob StewartJoseph GunnDecember 17, 1990 (1990-12-17) When ethnic mom-and-pop supermarkets are targeted by a sadistic robber who is quick to kill without hesitation, Doyle and Grant race to warn the other markets in the area and stop him before he can strike again. All the while, Grant tries to entertain the idea of taking cues from his favorite cop show, The Blue Avengers, which Doyle lambasts as being unrealistic, but a trick Grant learns from the show manages to save a shopkeeper from the robber. Meanwhile, the officers seek out a pair of women who rob drunk businessmen and steal their pants; an anxiety-ridden mother insists her adult son is in danger, despite him being safe at his home; and a hillside homeowner reports a mountain lion on her property. 1414"The Landlord"Rob StewartLeonard Mlodinow & Scott RubensteinDecember 24, 1990 (1990-12-24) A wealthy landlord is kidnapped by unidentified assailants who debadge and abandon his Rolls-Royce, and Doyle and Grant attempt to find him. The kidnappers turn out to be his impoverished tenants seeking revenge for him keeping their house in a squalid condition, and Grant convinces them to spare him in exchange for their story being reported sympathetically in the newspapers. Between calls, Doyle and Grant debate their opposing views on dieting and calorie-counting. Meanwhile, a bakery owner is harassed by a street artist who keeps pasting political cartoons and caricatures to his window, which is resolved when they agree to work together; and a teenage genius's sociology experiment brings him legal trouble when he tampers with the traffic lights outside his house to deliberately cause traffic jams. 1515"Gang of Two"Charles BailBurton ArmusDecember 31, 1990 (1990-12-31) In a modern take on Romeo and Juliet, John Romero (Timothy Williams) and Julie Martinez (Victoria Gallegos), two members of rivalling Hispanic gangs, attempt to flee to Arizona together for a better life, but tragedy befalls them when their gangs form a truce to kill them. Between shifts, Doyle is ticketed by the California Highway Patrol and ordered to attend traffic school, where he meets Nicki Layton (Julie St. Claire), a woman who dislikes LAPD officers, and lies about his job to date her, only to pull her over while on duty. Meanwhile, Santos sends Doyle and Grant on a special assignment to help animal control retrieve a pet store's loose boa constrictor. 1616"Keep On Truckin"Charles BailPaul AratowJanuary 7, 1991 (1991-01-07) Doyle and Grant pursue trigger-happy semi truck hijackers, and the case becomes personal for Grant when one victim dies in his arms while driving to a hospital; they catch the hijackers with help from backup following a brief pursuit. Simultaneously, a taxi driver robs his passengers in an unusually polite manner, only stealing replaceable things (such as an expensive shirt and jewelry the passenger was selling anyway) and giving his victims money for another fare, and the officers catch him when he helps a pregnant passenger give birth without stealing from her. Meanwhile, an elderly thrill-seeker fakes a story about a nonexistent late husband's anniversary to dine and dash at fancy restaurants. 1717"Panic in Alverez Park"Rob StewartE. Nick AlexanderJanuary 14, 1991 (1991-01-14) Doyle and Grant find themselves responding to calls at Alvarez Park, a public park next to a pedestrian mall. While there, the officers are warned about Reuben Carter (Robert O'Reilly), a homeless career criminal operating out of the park with an accomplice, but their attempts at stopping him clash with the priest of a church serving as a sanctuary for Salvadoran refugees, who the neighborhood blames for the rise in crime. Meanwhile, a woman cries sleepwalking in an attempt to get out of shoplifting charges; a stuck-up shopper attempts to get a homeless man arrested simply for begging; and a break-in at a curio store. 1818"Going Home"Rob StewartStephen GlantzJanuary 21, 1991 (1991-01-21) Billy Kenner (Ash Adams), an ex-con with a troubled youth, tries to get himself sent back to prison after finding life on the outside too hard for him to handle. However, when Kenner's attempts at getting a serious charge without causing harm fail, Doyle and Grant attempt to stop him from making too serious of a mistake. Meanwhile, a woman faces threats from her boyfriend's wife when their affair is revealed in a pending divorce, but they ultimately come to understand each other when they realize the adulterous man is the real problem; and Central Division experiences issues when half of the on-duty units respond to reports of an overweight female flasher. 1919"Lover Mugger"Charles BailDan DiStefano & Steve HayesJanuary 28, 1991 (1991-01-28) A rapist attacks young couples on the side of Mulholland Drive and uses a dirt bike to outmaneuver and evade pursuing units, so Grant uses a friend's hillside property as an observation point to stake out popular spots. Meanwhile, the officers deal with a group of workers blaming an overweight worker for stealing their lunches, which turns out to be the work of a raccoon in their portable office; a woman reports ghosts under her floor, which turn out to be teenagers skateboarding through a drainage pipe that passes under her house to the Los Angeles River; and Adam-12, assisted by Honeycutt and Neville, handles a "break-in" at a laundromat by a customer who was locked in overnight. 2020"211 Pizza"Charles BailCarlton Hollander & Dennis RodriguezFebruary 4, 1991 (1991-02-04) A string of violent robberies targets pizza delivery drivers by calling them to empty houses, then assaulting and robbing them; the stakes heighten when one delivery driver is murdered. Meanwhile, a cross-dressing lingerie store employee uses the store owner's absence to steal products from storage; a wannabe comedian draws police attention for including fake bombs in his routine; and two elderly women and a retired publicist fake a robbery at a retirement home, seeking to draw media and public sympathies to pressure the bank to not foreclose on them. 2121"Crack House"Rob StewartBurton ArmusFebruary 11, 1991 (1991-02-11) A crack house in an otherwise quiet neighborhood invites disruption, gang activity, and eventually shootings, with the disrespectful residents consistently being released back to the house regardless of police actions. The cycle angers their neighbors to the point of one of them taking matters into his own hands. Meanwhile, a valuable horse is stolen from stables in Griffith Park; and a city park ranger becomes convinced ducks are being stolen from a city pond, bringing them across a group of homeless ex-cons who may or may not have caught some for food. 2222"R.T.D. 211"Rob StewartTed Alben & Greg KleinFebruary 18, 1991 (1991-02-18) Doyle and Grant respond to a series of back-to-back armed robberies on Southern California Rapid Transit District buses, while also handling a copycat. At a dispute with a Romani fortune teller, Doyle is "cursed" for insisting she apply for a business license; though he blows it off, a chain of unexplained inconveniences lead him to return to the fortune teller to lift the curse by simply promoting her business. Meanwhile, the officers deal with a bickering husband and wife who keep getting involved in traffic incidents as he attempts to teach her how to drive. 2323"D.A.R.E."Charles BailElliott AndersonFebruary 25, 1991 (1991-02-25) Doyle and Grant are sent to a high school to help with a Drug Abuse Resistance Education class, when the car of Principal Logan Mills (Ron Glass) suddenly explodes in the parking lot. Mills, believing it to be retribution for his opposition to a group of impoverished teenagers he believes are gang members, blames Jimmy Washington (Christopher M. Brown), one of the teenagers he is at odds with; however, Washington is revealed to not be the culprit, prompting Grant to chastise him for making assumptions based on his race and class. The officers eventually identify the actual suspect and stop him before he can bring a handgun to school, and Mills and Washington make up. Meanwhile, the officers arrest Constance Mann (Bridget Hanley), a prominent Venice resident and executive director of the Venice Canal Association, for driving under the influence, but face pressure from the Association to dismiss her charges. 2424"Operation Estafadores"Charles BailDan DiStefano & Steve HayesMarch 4, 1991 (1991-03-04) When a community of Hispanic illegal immigrants faces harassment and reprisals from a gang, but none of the victims or residents speak to Doyle and Grant out of fears of being deported, the officers turn to Operation Estafadores, an LAPD program to promote cooperation with police in exchange for overlooking their immigration status. One victim, Miguel Ruiz (Fausto Bara), finds himself stuck between his personal needs and the police's needs for his assistance in stopping the gang terrorizing his community. Meanwhile, a Selma, Alabama native, believing himself to be a werewolf and fearing the imminent full moon, attempts to get himself imprisoned for the night to save others from himself; and a cable lineman calls the police to protect him from a mob when a cable outage occurs just before a football game. 2525"Eye of the Beholder"Rob StewartStan BerkowitzMarch 11, 1991 (1991-03-11) Doyle and Grant investigate Drew White (Lance Kerwin), a frequent patron of a diner where he surveils Robin (Elizabeth Keifer), a waitress and his one-sided love interest. Though Robin is initially unconcerned, the mood shifts when he begins stalking her and the LAPD learns he is a manic depressive suffering from delusional disorders that has not renewed his prescription medication, but she is angered to learn there is nothing the police can do to act preemptively. Robin is eventually attacked by White, but he is released on mental health grounds and promptly abducts Robin before Doyle and Grant stop him. As they arrest White, Robin fears he will be released again and tries to kill him, but Doyle talks her down, explaining it is a systemic problem, not White's fault. Meanwhile, a teenager in a distinctive Toyota pickup truck distributes counterfeit money to various people, and upon being caught he reveals he got them from his father, a professional counterfeiter, in an attempt to uncover his activities. 2626"Immunity"Rob StewartBurton ArmusMarch 18, 1991 (1991-03-18) With the United Nations General Assembly in session, diplomats visit Los Angeles to attend events; the LAPD deploys officers, including Doyle and Grant, to assist diplomatic security details. One guard from East Germany, former Volkspolizei officer Peter Rager (James Nixon), approaches Doyle and Grant seeking to defect to the United States. Doyle and Grant wish to help him, but the Federal Bureau of Investigation views him as a security risk, and jurisdictional issues arise from Rager's decision to approach civilian police instead of federal officials. Using a fake emergency as a distraction, Doyle and Grant separate Rager from his supervisors, allowing him to safely defect. Meanwhile, the officers stop recklessly-driving newlyweds and decide to help them flee to their honeymoon by delaying their pursuing family. Season 2 (1991) No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date271"Power-Out"Charles BailStan BerkowitzMarch 25, 1991 (1991-03-25) A sudden power outage cuts electricity to Central Los Angeles, and Central Division is put on alert to handle widespread looting and other back-to-back incidents complicated by the loss of power. Meanwhile, the officers meet an anti-nuclear power activist who disdains modern technology but does not practice what he preaches; a driver's heart attack causes a collision; an impatient man holds an ER doctor at gunpoint to receive priority care, leading Doyle and Grant to disguise themselves as nurses to stop him; jewelry store customers trap a robber in the store's back room; a young man burglarizes a store to protect the owner's cash register from looters; and dozens of shotguns are stolen from a sporting goods retailer. 282"Telephone Bandits"Charles BailNancy Ann MillerApril 1, 1991 (1991-04-01) Armed robbers use fake 9-1-1 calls for officers under attack to distract the police and send units out of their beats and away from their targets. While following up on the robberies, Randy Collins, a young boy dying of AIDS from an untested blood transfusion, is allowed to be a police officer for a day in cooperation with the Make-A-Wish Foundation, but Doyle and Grant's emotions are tested when Collins is hospitalized with no chance of recovery. Meanwhile, an old woman is revealed to be an insurance fraudster targeting unimpaired bar patrons. 293"The Intruders"Rob StewartJoseph GunnApril 8, 1991 (1991-04-08) A violent burglar targets women with pet doors, using a female scout and getaway driver to slip in and unlock the front door. Though their unusual methods confuse Central Division, Doyle and Grant track them down based on a hunch. Meanwhile, the officers discover a homicide victim in a stolen car, and the car thief's testimony leads them to drug dealers who shot the victim after a deal gone wrong. 304"Trick-or-Treat"Rob StewartElliot AndersonApril 15, 1991 (1991-04-15) On Halloween, the LAPD is alerted to a man distributing candy apples containing razor blades to specifically Asian children. Meanwhile, two costumed "children", really two adults with dwarfism, commit armed robbery; and a young girl runs away from home to play at an event held by the Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation, but her common costume makes searching for her difficult. 315"Bump & Rape"Charles BailE. Nick AlexanderApril 22, 1991 (1991-04-22) A rapist targets female motorists in the outskirts of Los Angeles by ramming them off the road. When a traumatized victim kills herself, the pair sets out to stop him before he can strike again, seeking the assistance of the LAPD Cadets. Meanwhile, a morbidly obese relapsing food addict steals food from delicatessens after giving up hope of recovery; and a motel cleaning lady finds assault weapons owned by a firearm collector from Arizona who refuses to accept Los Angeles's weapon regulations. 326"Robber with a Badge"Charles BailCaliope Brattlestreet & Stephen GlantzApril 29, 1991 (1991-04-29) A violent house robber impersonates an LAPD officer to gain access to his victims' homes, and Central Division tries to stop him before his actions destroy the public's trust in the LAPD; however, when Doyle and Grant intercept him in the act, the robber battles them in a shootout and kills himself instead of surrendering. Meanwhile, a dead man's body is stolen shortly before his wake by his friends who seek just a bit more time with him. 337"211 Bonnie & Clyde"Rob StewartTed Alben & Greg KleinMay 6, 1991 (1991-05-06) A man and woman use violent attacks on salesmen during test drives to steal luxury cars from car dealerships. Elsewhere, Doyle reunites with Kathy, an old flame who is now an animal rights activist leading disruptive protests outside hospitals following an animal experimentation controversy, but his attempts at wooing her fall flat based on fundamental disagreements between each other. Meanwhile, a teenager calls the police in an attempt to report familial issues at home. 348"211 Weddings"Rob StewartCarlton Hollander & Dennis RodriguezMay 13, 1991 (1991-05-13) Robbers armed with sawed-off shotguns target wedding ceremonies, stripping everyone in attendance of their money, jewelry, and valuables. The robberies escalate when a groom is murdered for trying to stop them, while an otherwise peaceful wedding is complicated when a well-connected father hires shady armed guards for his daughter's wedding without telling anyone. Meanwhile, a couple's daughter reports domestic violence, but her parents' denial of a problem leads her to be placed in foster care; and a homeowner holds a pair of unethical repairmen at gunpoint. 359"Fear"Charles BailDan DiStefano & Steve HayesMay 20, 1991 (1991-05-20) A routine traffic stop leads Doyle and Grant to arrest an influential drug dealer and recover a cache of guns, drugs, and money, but their refusal of a bribe prompts the dealer to place a hit against the officers to ensure they cannot testify against him. The stress of being targeted begins to disrupt Doyle and Grant's lives, while the rest of Central Division overbearingly tries to protect them, but the hit turns out to have simply been made up by the dealer in an attempt to act tough. Meanwhile, a dispute between neighbors over a loud parrot leads to the pet bird being shot; a mother at a motel leaves her baby in her car; and a sniper attempts to shoot at LAPD Air Support Division helicopters. 3610"Dead Delivery"Charles BailDan DiStefano & Steve HayesMay 27, 1991 (1991-05-27) When a mugger on a scooter violently attacks United States Postal Service mailmen carrying money, Doyle and Grant team up with Postal Inspector Copeland (Justin Lord) to catch the mugger, but the restrictive bureaucratic nature of federal law enforcement stymies the investigation. Meanwhile, a traumatized ex-Army Ranger and Vietnam War veteran finds trouble when he begins brandishing his combat knife when stressed. 3711"Lock House"Rob StewartE. Nick AlexanderJune 3, 1991 (1991-06-03) A raid on an illegal brothel uncovers the activities of a pimp who lures teenage girls new to Los Angeles into becoming drug-addicted prostitutes. However, difficulties arise when a teenage victim helping them refuses to testify against the pimp after he intimidates her. At Central Division, Santos's position as watch commander is taken over by Sergeant Cruz. 3812"Acid Thrower"Rob StewartJoseph GunnJune 10, 1991 (1991-06-10) Doyle and Grant race to stop a sadistic robber who sprays nitric acid on his victims despite their cooperation, disfiguring and in some cases blinding them, but tensions run high when other Central Division officers seek retribution over justice when it comes to catching the robber. Meanwhile, a teenage drug addict runs away from home, believing her age will protect her from real legal consequences, but her parents' insistence on releasing her to their care leads her to more trouble. 3913"The Killing"Charles BailBurton ArmusJune 17, 1991 (1991-06-17) In the days after an officer from Central Division is killed, Doyle and Grant are called to assist officers after a domestic dispute gone wrong, and Grant shoots and kills the suspect, Christopher Slayton. The shooting is investigated by internal affairs, and though Doyle and Cruz reassure Grant the shooting was justified, and the investigation clears him of wrongdoing, he is shaken by the experience and feels Slayton did not deserve to die. Only after Cruz hears him out and he stops a knife-wielding suspect goading him to shoot does Grant manage to come to terms with what happened. 4014"A Coalition of Fear"Charles BailCarlton Hollander & Dennis RodriguezJune 24, 1991 (1991-06-24) Thomas Lane (Harold Sylvester), an African American city councilor and candidate for Lieutenant Governor of California, discovers the body of Sondra Green, a close Lane campaign supporter who was raped and murdered at a university campus surrounded by a predominantly black neighborhood. Lane's insinuation that the assailant was a black area resident, and his proposition to ban outsiders from tertiary campuses, heightens racial tensions, which Lane seeks to exploit to propel his campaign. Doyle and Grant learn Green was pregnant with Lane's child in an affair and uncover discrepancies in Lane's story; the officers confront Lane in his office, and the LAPD investigates his possible connection with Green's murder. 4115"Families"Sidney HayersStan BerkowitzJuly 1, 1991 (1991-07-01) Doyle and Grant apprehend a drunk man outside a closed bar, but trouble arises when his wife reveals he left the house with their baby in their station wagon, but he has forgotten where it is. Meanwhile, the officers come across an Alzheimer's-afflicted elderly man from Miami, but his uncaring relatives refuse to take him in; and a woman refuses to leave a domestic abuser because he is the only person who has ever shown any degree of care for her. 4216"Playing with Fire"Sidney HayersRick KelbaughJuly 8, 1991 (1991-07-08) The LAPD handles a serial bomber who rigs random telephone booths with pressure-activated explosives. In one incident, Grant and the bomb squad rescue a claustrophobic woman trapped in a rigged phone booth. Meanwhile, a young girl runs away from home to escape child sexual abuse committed by her father and ignored by her mother; and a woman and her children seek police assistance in helping them leave her devastated husband, who promptly kills himself. 4317"Bad Blood"Charles BailAlan MoskowitzJuly 15, 1991 (1991-07-15) Officer Eddie Doogan (Will Bledsoe) learns he contracted AIDS from tainted blood he received after being shot years prior, and begins to act recklessly under the rationale he will die anyway. Doyle and Grant try to support Doogan, but the other officers at Central Division distance themselves from him because they do not know what to say to him. Though most of the officers are convinced to support Doogan and Grant offers to be reassigned as his partner, they discover he has killed himself at his home. 4418"Drive-By"Charles BailGregory S. DinalloJuly 22, 1991 (1991-07-22) Drive-by shootings of random parked cars plague a gang-ridden neighborhood. The LAPD suspects the Durangos, a Hispanic gang at war with the Blades, a rival African American gang. Doyle and Grant's investigation leads them to Lucinda Caralis (Tasia Valenza), a youth gang services counselor with the Los Angeles County Probation Department who insists neither of the gangs are responsible, a theory confirmed when a supervised meeting provides both gangs with alibis, and a teenage girl is shot in a drive-by on neutral territory. The testimony of a homeless man disdained by local residents leads Doyle and Grant to a local mechanic seeking to boost business by damaging cars. 4519"Homeless in America"Sidney HayersCaliope Brattlestreet & Stephen GlantzJuly 29, 1991 (1991-07-29) Doyle and Grant investigate attacks on homeless people in Van Nuys, but the refusal of a local private hospital to treat the victims and the previous dismissiveness of police leads to a lack of cooperation from the area's homeless population. One victim's testimony leads to the apprehension of the suspects, two restaurant owners who view the homeless as nuisances. Meanwhile, a desperate father asks the officers to arrest his drug-addicted son; and a troubled high school student kills his friend for calling his mother a hooker, an allegation that turned out to be true. 4620"No Mercy"Sidney HayersElliot AndersonAugust 5, 1991 (1991-08-05) Doyle and Grant try to help a desperate impoverished elderly woman avoid self-incrimination for eating food from supermarkets without paying. Meanwhile, a woman sick of a local drug-dealing gang tries to rally her neighborhood to push them out by any means necessary; and a man takes a nurse hostage after unplugging his comatose wife's life support in an attempt to end her suffering. 4721"Anatomy of a Rape"Charles BailNancy Ann MillerAugust 12, 1991 (1991-08-12) Doyle and Grant try to help Michelle Brown (Mariska Hargitay), a traumatized victim of a vicious rape, but a womanizing witness and uncaring treatment convince her not to testify out of fear. Meanwhile, a man tries to shoot down passing helicopters for spraying pesticides; and a fatal head-on collision occurs when a drunk motorist hits a wrong-way driver. 4822"Missing"Charles BailJoseph GunnAugust 19, 1991 (1991-08-19) Central Division is alerted to search for a missing child, who Doyle and Grant find locked in an old refrigerator in the scrap-filled backyard of an uncaring neighbor. Meanwhile, a Good Samaritan is beaten to death for trying to stop a domestic assault in a crowded park, and Doyle and Grant are disgusted by the consensus among the witnesses and even the suspect's abused girlfriend that he "should have minded his own business"; and a drafter breaks into an auto garage that went bankrupt while working on his work van in an attempt to retrieve it, but the bank that seized the garage insists the van is now their property. 4923"Addictions"Georg FenadyStan BerkowitzAugust 26, 1991 (1991-08-26) While investigating illegal immigrants in an abandoned building, Doyle and Grant find a smuggler of both migrants and drugs. Among the smuggled migrants is a former high school classmate of Doyle's who is now a homeless alcoholic. Meanwhile, a drug overdose upsets the victim's disbelieving family. 5024"Deadly Trade"Georg FenadyCarlton HollanderSeptember 2, 1991 (1991-09-02) A sadist goes out with prostitutes to viciously assault them instead of having sex. Meanwhile, an elderly man with various ailments goes missing and is found relaxing at a hotel, seeking to live out the rest of his life away from his overbearing children; and a young boy accidentally shoots his friend in the eye with a BB gun, but their parents clash at the station over who is responsible. 5125"The Bully"Charles BailBurton ArmusSeptember 9, 1991 (1991-09-09) Adam-12 is dispatched to assist Detective Mangly (William Lucking), a forgery detective who roughs up two drug dealers outside his jurisdiction and assignment. Though Doyle and Grant initially side with him, they become suspicious when they and Cruz look into him. After witnessing Mangly chase and beat someone he presumes is a dealer, they learn he is trying to avenge his daughter, who died of a crack overdose. Meanwhile, a woman shoots and kills a home intruder at her window without hesitation, but is distraught to find it was her son just trying to enter the house. 5226"The Fighter"Charles BailElliot AndersonSeptember 16, 1991 (1991-09-16) Doyle and Grant attempt to assist ex-gangster Danny Rodriguez (Carlos Gómez) get Louis (Richard Coca), a troubled youth who frequents a police boxing gym, out of the gang life, but their attempts at helping him become complicated when a gang harasses Louis and Rodriguez. Throughout the day, the officers discuss Phil Meadows, a cop killer on death row who controversially receives a stay of execution. Meanwhile, a teenager steals and crashes his father's car, and is arrested when cannabis is found inside. References ^ Terrace, Vincent (2016). Television Series of the 1960s: Essential Facts and Quirky Details. United States: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4422-6835-7. External links Adam-12 (1990) at IMDb
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"police procedural","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_procedural"},{"link_name":"crime drama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_drama"},{"link_name":"Arthur L. Annecharico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_L._Annecharico"},{"link_name":"Burton Armus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_Armus"},{"link_name":"Universal Television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Television"},{"link_name":"syndicated","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_syndication"},{"link_name":"revival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revival_(television)"},{"link_name":"1968–1975 series of the same name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam-12"},{"link_name":"Robert A. Cinader","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Cinader"},{"link_name":"Jack Webb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Webb"},{"link_name":"credited posthumously","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posthumous_publication"},{"link_name":"Los Angeles Police Department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Police_Department"},{"link_name":"Los Angeles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles"},{"link_name":"police cruiser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_car"},{"link_name":"call sign","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_sign"},{"link_name":"Ethan Wayne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Wayne"},{"link_name":"Peter Parros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Parros"},{"link_name":"Alma Martinez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Martinez_(actress)"},{"link_name":"Linden Ashby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linden_Ashby"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"The New Dragnet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragnet_(franchise)"},{"link_name":"fictional universe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictional_universe"},{"link_name":"action","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_fiction"},{"link_name":"scores","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_score"},{"link_name":"synth-pop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth-pop"},{"link_name":"jazz fusion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusion"},{"link_name":"Ford LTD Crown Victoria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_LTD_Crown_Victoria"}],"text":"Adam-12 (also known as The New Adam-12) is an American police procedural crime drama television series produced by Arthur L. Annecharico, Burton Armus, and John Whitman under The Arthur Company and Universal Television. It is a syndicated revival of the 1968–1975 series of the same name created by Robert A. Cinader and Jack Webb (both credited posthumously as series creators) and features the same premise with different characters and an updated setting, following Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers Matt Doyle and Gus Grant as they patrol Los Angeles in their police cruiser, assigned the call sign \"1-Adam-12\". The New Adam-12 stars Ethan Wayne and Peter Parros, and co-stars Miguel Fernandes, Alma Martinez, Linden Ashby, and Harri James, among others. The series ran over two seasons of 26 episodes each, and aired consecutively for 52 straight weeks, with the entire series airing over one full calendar year from September 24, 1990 to September 16, 1991.[1]The New Adam-12 aired alongside The New Dragnet, another remake of a 1960s Jack Webb series by The Arthur Company that was implied to be set in the same fictional universe. Both revivals were considerably different from their original works; most notably, the performances leaned more toward action but had far less depictions of violence, their scores eschewed the original themes for new synth-pop and jazz fusion tunes typical to police procedurals of the era, and the lead cruiser was a 1989 Ford LTD Crown Victoria.","title":"Adam-12 (1990 TV series)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ethan Wayne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Wayne"},{"link_name":"New York City Police Department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department"},{"link_name":"Peter Parros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Parros"},{"link_name":"Korean War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War"},{"link_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles"},{"link_name":"college football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_football"},{"link_name":"motorcycle officer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_motorcycle"},{"link_name":"William Elliott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Elliott_(actor,_born_1934)"},{"link_name":"roll call","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll_call_(policing)"},{"link_name":"Alma Martinez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Martinez_(actress)"},{"link_name":"Linden Ashby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linden_Ashby"}],"text":"Ethan Wayne as Officer Matt Doyle: A white officer, and the revival's adaptation of Pete Malloy. His father was a New York City Police Department officer who his mother cheated on to deal with the stresses of waiting for him to get home, which made Doyle insist he would never be a police officer, though he eventually became one anyway. Doyle has a reserved, by-the-book personality. He is single, and the subplots and in-car conversations in several episodes follow his thoughts on single life and opportunities at finding a girlfriend.\nPeter Parros as Officer Gus Grant: An African American officer, and the revival's adaptation of Jim Reed. His father was a Korean War veteran. Before joining the LAPD, he attended the University of California, Los Angeles where he was a star college football player, and several one-off characters in the series recognize him from then. Grant has an approachable, laid-back personality. He is married, and the demands of his wife are the topic of subplots and in-car conversations in several episodes. His name is derived from an African American motorcycle officer from the original Adam-12 played by William Elliott, but they are separate characters.\nMiguel Fernandes as Sergeant Harry Santos: The watch commander of Central Division. He tends to speaks in a commanding, emotive manner with a no-nonsense personality, especially during roll call, but he is otherwise caring for the officers under his command, and is willing to loosen up and banter with them when appropriate. In season 2 episode 11, \"Lock House\", he is replaced in his role by Cruz.\nAlma Martinez as Sergeant Elizabeth Cruz: The watch commander of Central Division, replacing Santos from season 2 episode 11, \"Lock House\", onwards. She is overall similar to Santos, but lacks his emotive banter-prone personality and is shown to be more willing to personally care for the officers under her command.\nLinden Ashby as Officer Honeycutt: A recurring officer at Central Division who is friends with Doyle and Grant. He is partnered with Neville.\nHarri James as Officer Neville: A recurring officer at Central Division who is friends with Doyle and Grant. She is partnered with Honeycutt.","title":"Cast and characters"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Season 1 (1990–91)","title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Season 2 (1991)","title":"Episodes"}]
[]
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[{"reference":"Terrace, Vincent (2016). Television Series of the 1960s: Essential Facts and Quirky Details. United States: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4422-6835-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=GDwADAAAQBAJ","url_text":"Television Series of the 1960s: Essential Facts and Quirky Details"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States","url_text":"United States"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-6835-7","url_text":"978-1-4422-6835-7"}]}]
[{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=GDwADAAAQBAJ","external_links_name":"Television Series of the 1960s: Essential Facts and Quirky Details"},{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0096528/","external_links_name":"Adam-12 (1990)"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlebar_Song_Contest
Castlebar Song Contest
["1 Information","2 Broadcast","3 Winners","4 References","5 External links"]
The Castlebar Song Contest was an annual international song contest that was first staged in 1966 in Castlebar, County Mayo, Ireland. The contest was initially organised by the Castlebar Chamber of Commerce as part of a drive to increase tourism in the town. It was hoped that the competition would produce a song that would make the town famous, just as songs such as "The Rose of Tralee", "Galway Bay", or "Mary from Dungloe" had done for their respective towns. The first contest had 70 entries from the UK and Ireland, and the final was hosted by Gay Byrne. The winning song bore the Irish version of the town's name, Caisleán A' Bharraigh. Information After the first contest, the emphasis changed from finding a song named after the town to one of promoting the town through attracting composers, of various genres, from all over the world to the town. This strategy was successful and the town (and some of the neighbouring towns) were thronged with contest participants for the first week of October for the remainder of the contest's life. From humble beginnings with a mere £50 in prizes, the event grew in status to a point where its prize money at £20,000 was bettered only by the Yamaha Song Contest in Japan. In 1981, the future of the song contest became political when it was debated in Dáil Éireann. Broadcast In 1970, the contest was recorded for television by RTÉ (the national television station) and transmitted on the following Sunday. The 1971 and 1973 contests were similarly recorded and shown later. However, the 1974 contest was broadcast live from the Old Royal Ballroom and Theatre and Travellers Friend Hotel in Castlebar nationally on RTÉ. Apart from 1987, when there was no contest, the event enjoyed live television coverage from 1974 until the event finished in 1988. James Haldane O'Hare was the TV Designer for RTÉ for the majority of the broadcasts. Winners Year Section Composer Singer(s) Song Title Country 1966 Overall Sheila Fawsitt-Stewart Dragoons "Caisleán A' Bharraigh"  Ireland 1967 Folk/Ballad Peter McKenzie McLoughlin Folk Group "Where Did They Go"  Ireland 1967 Pop Vera Traynor Butch Moore "No One Else"  Ireland 1967 Straight Andy Galligan Joan Connolly "One and One"  Ireland 1968 Folk/Ballad Joe Burkett/Tony Hyland City Folk "Dividing Line"  Ireland 1968 Pop Eileen Coyle Tony Keeling "The World is Ours Today"  Ireland 1968 Straight Sean Sharkey/Eddie Masterson Pat Lynch & Airchords "Reflections of You"  Ireland 1969 Folk/Ballad Ruth Kiernan Tara Folk "Soldier Boy"  Ireland 1969 Pop Mai O'Higgins/John McBreen Gary Street & Fairways "Jodi"  Ireland 1969 Straight Pat Walsh Joe Doherty & Millionaires "A Country & Western Song"  Ireland 1970 Folk/Ballad Noel and Alan Connaughton Melody Fayre "Mary I'm Nay Leaving You"  Ireland 1970 Pop John Lavery Gerry & Ohio "One Step Away"  Ireland 1970 Straight Seamus McHugh/John Fahy Red Hurley "The World Is Such An Empty Place"  Ireland 1971 Folk/Ballad Vic Dawton Joe Cuddy "Diana of the Roses"  England 1971 Pop Michael Murphy La Salle "Feeling I've Got It Made"  Ireland 1971 Country Donal McGrath/K. Doohan Ian Corrigan "Slumbering Goldmine"  Ireland 1971 Overall Michael Murphy La Salle "Feeling I've Got It Made"  Ireland 1972 Folk/Ballad Sheila Roberts Frank Holder "Song for Jenny"  Ireland 1972 Pop Dick Farrelly Mary Lou "That's What Love Is Made Of"  Ireland 1972 Country Teresa O'Donnell Gerry Cronin "He Travels Fastest"  Ireland 1972 Straight Pat Coyle Helen Jordan "Shall I Ride"  Ireland 1972 Overall Sheila Roberts Frank Holder "Song for Jenny"  Ireland 1973 Overall Vince Hill/Ernie Dunstall Joe Cuddy "I'm Gonna Make It"  England 1974 Overall Cathal Dunne Cathal Dunne "Shalom"  Ireland 1974 Country Tibor Koncz/Iván Szenes Kati Kovács "Roses Are Red, Violets Are Blue"  Hungary 1975 Overall Joe Burkett/Andy Galligan Des Smyth "Roulette"  Ireland 1976 Joint Winners Ray Davies Teresa O'Donnell/Joe Bollard Tony Steven T. O'Donnell/Joe Bollard "My Woman" "Let's Star All Over"  England  Ireland 1977 Overall John Brown John Brown/Mary Clifford "You are My Destiny"  Ireland 1978 Overall Sarah Byron/Liam Hurley Sarah Bryan "Onion"  England 1979 Overall Zack Laurence/Paul Ferguson Kim Goody "Talkin' to a Stone"  England 1980 Overall Ed Welch/Barry Mason Linda Jardim "Don't Stay for the Sake of the Children"  England 1981 Overall Miki Antony/Robin Smith Carol Kenyon "I Wasn't Born Yesterday"  England 1982 Overall Barry Mason/Don Gould Barry Mason "Big Enough for Me & You"  England 1983 Overall Shay Healy Linda Martin "Edge of the Universe"  Ireland 1984 Overall Brian O'Reilly Brian O'Reilly "Spread Your Wings"  Ireland 1985 Overall Ulf Nordquist Sten & Stanley "Don't Play A Sad Song After Midnight"  Sweden 1986 Overall Tim Norell & Ola Håkonsson KATZ "Oh, Johnny Dance With Me Tonight"  Sweden 1988 Overall Brendan Graham Linda Martin "If I Should Ever Lose Your Love"  Ireland References ^ a b c McGuinness, Paddy (2017). Castlebar International Song Contest 1966 - 1988. ISBN 978-1527202306. ^ "The late Mr Michael McDermott, Spencer Street, Castlebar". The Connaught Telegraph. 29 July 1998. Archived from the original on 9 October 1999. Retrieved 17 November 2017 – via Wayback Machine. ^ a b c d e ""Shalom" wins Castlebar". Billboard. Los Angeles. 26 October 1974. pp. 59–60. ^ a b c d e f O'Shannon, Cathal (10 October 1966). "An Embarrassment Of Good Songs For Castlebar 1966". "Newsbeat". Season 1966. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. Retrieved 17 November 2017 – via RTÉ Archives. ^ a b c d "Castlebar Song Contest to be chronicled for posterity". The Mayo News. 27 July 2010. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2017. ^ "Dáil Éireann - Volume 331 - 01 December, 1981 - Ceisteanna—Questions. Oral Answers. - Castlebar Song Contest". Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas. 1 December 1981. Retrieved 12 October 2014. ^ Commins, Michael (26 February 2008). "Big Tom for final TF show". The Mayo News. Archived from the original on 18 May 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2009. ^ "Travellers Friend Hotel & Theatre". Archived from the original on 19 May 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2017. ^ "Red Hurley". Irish Showbands. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017. ^ "Samlade TV-Hits" . Sten & Stanley Official website (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 4 January 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2009. External links Photo collection of Mayo Library
[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Castlebar Song Contest"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Billboard-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-newsbeat-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-posterity-5"},{"link_name":"Dáil Éireann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"After the first contest, the emphasis changed from finding a song named after the town to one of promoting the town through attracting composers, of various genres,[3] from all over the world to the town. This strategy was successful and the town (and some of the neighbouring towns) were thronged with contest participants for the first week of October for the remainder of the contest's life. From humble beginnings with a mere £50 in prizes,[4] the event grew in status to a point where its prize money at £20,000 was bettered only by the Yamaha Song Contest in Japan.[5]In 1981, the future of the song contest became political when it was debated in Dáil Éireann.[6]","title":"Information"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"RTÉ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89_(TV_channel)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"RTÉ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89_(TV_channel)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-posterity-5"},{"link_name":"James Haldane O'Hare","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Haldane_O%27Hare"},{"link_name":"RTÉ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89_(TV_channel)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-McGuinness-1"}],"text":"In 1970, the contest was recorded for television by RTÉ (the national television station) and transmitted on the following Sunday. The 1971 and 1973 contests were similarly recorded and shown later. However, the 1974 contest was broadcast live from the Old Royal Ballroom and Theatre[7] and Travellers Friend Hotel[8] in Castlebar nationally on RTÉ. Apart from 1987, when there was no contest, the event enjoyed live television coverage from 1974 until the event finished in 1988.[5] James Haldane O'Hare was the TV Designer for RTÉ for the majority of the broadcasts.[1]","title":"Broadcast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-McGuinness-1"}],"text":"[1]","title":"Winners"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"McGuinness, Paddy (2017). Castlebar International Song Contest 1966 - 1988. ISBN 978-1527202306.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1527202306","url_text":"978-1527202306"}]},{"reference":"\"The late Mr Michael McDermott, Spencer Street, Castlebar\". The Connaught Telegraph. 29 July 1998. Archived from the original on 9 October 1999. Retrieved 17 November 2017 – via Wayback Machine.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/19991009070334/http://www.mayo-ireland.ie/ConnTel/CT9807/CT980729/Death.htm#","url_text":"\"The late Mr Michael McDermott, Spencer Street, Castlebar\""},{"url":"http://www.mayo-ireland.ie/ConnTel/CT9807/CT980729/Death.htm","url_text":"the original"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine","url_text":"Wayback Machine"}]},{"reference":"\"\"Shalom\" wins Castlebar\". Billboard. Los Angeles. 26 October 1974. pp. 59–60.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=swcEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA59&dq=%22Wins+Castlebar%22","url_text":"\"\"Shalom\" wins Castlebar\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)","url_text":"Billboard"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles","url_text":"Los Angeles"}]},{"reference":"O'Shannon, Cathal (10 October 1966). \"An Embarrassment Of Good Songs For Castlebar 1966\". \"Newsbeat\". Season 1966. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. Retrieved 17 November 2017 – via RTÉ Archives.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathal_O%27Shannon_(TV_presenter)","url_text":"O'Shannon, Cathal"},{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/archives/2016/1007/822312-first-castlebar-song-contest/","url_text":"\"An Embarrassment Of Good Songs For Castlebar 1966\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsbeat_(Irish_TV_series)","url_text":"Newsbeat"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raidi%C3%B3_Teilif%C3%ADs_%C3%89ireann","url_text":"Raidió Teilifís Éireann"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89_Archives","url_text":"RTÉ Archives"}]},{"reference":"\"Castlebar Song Contest to be chronicled for posterity\". The Mayo News. 27 July 2010. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mayonews.ie/component/content/article?itemid=46&id=10409:castlebar-song-contest-to-be-chronicled-for-posterity","url_text":"\"Castlebar Song Contest to be chronicled for posterity\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mayo_News","url_text":"The Mayo News"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160416083601/http://www.mayonews.ie/component/content/article?itemid=46&id=10409:castlebar-song-contest-to-be-chronicled-for-posterity","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Dáil Éireann - Volume 331 - 01 December, 1981 - Ceisteanna—Questions. Oral Answers. - Castlebar Song Contest\". Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas. 1 December 1981. Retrieved 12 October 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1981120100020?opendocument","url_text":"\"Dáil Éireann - Volume 331 - 01 December, 1981 - Ceisteanna—Questions. Oral Answers. - Castlebar Song Contest\""}]},{"reference":"Commins, Michael (26 February 2008). \"Big Tom for final TF show\". The Mayo News. Archived from the original on 18 May 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090518235904/http://www.mayonews.ie/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3509&Itemid=38#","url_text":"\"Big Tom for final TF show\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mayo_News","url_text":"The Mayo News"},{"url":"http://www.mayonews.ie/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3509&Itemid=38","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Travellers Friend Hotel & Theatre\". Archived from the original on 19 May 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090519011843/http://www.communitywebsites.com.au/listing.htm?ql=91141640","url_text":"\"Travellers Friend Hotel & Theatre\""},{"url":"http://www.communitywebsites.com.au/listing.htm?ql=91141640","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Red Hurley\". Irish Showbands. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.irish-showbands.com/Bands/redhurley.htm","url_text":"\"Red Hurley\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171012144743/http://www.irish-showbands.com/Bands/redhurley.htm","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Samlade TV-Hits\" [Total TV Hits]. Sten & Stanley Official website (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 4 January 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.stenochstanley.se/skivor/samlade_tv-hits.htm","url_text":"\"Samlade TV-Hits\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten_%26_Stanley","url_text":"Sten & Stanley"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090104180431/http://www.stenochstanley.se/skivor/samlade_tv-hits.htm#","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profumo_(album)
Profumo (album)
["1 Track listing","2 Personnel","3 Additional infos","4 Certifications","5 External links","6 References"]
1986 studio album by Gianna NanniniProfumoStudio album by Gianna NanniniReleased1986GenreRockLabelPolydorProducerConny Plank, Gianna NanniniGianna Nannini chronology Tutto Live(1985) Profumo(1986) Maschi e Altri(1987) Profumo is the eighth album by Gianna Nannini. It was released in 1986. In the wake of the international acclaim that followed her previous album, "Puzzle", "Profumo" was released throughout Europe, South America, South Africa, Australia, South Korea and Japan, selling over 1,000,000 copies. Track listing "Bello e Impossibile" (Nannini-Pianigiani/Nannini) – 4:40 "Profumo" (Nannini-Pianigiani/Nannini) - 3:50 "Come una Schiava" (Nannini/Nannini-Riva) – 5:11 "Gelosia" (Nannini-Plank-Pianigiani/Nannini-Riva) - 3:05 "Seduzione" (Nannini-Pianigiani/Nannini-Riva) – 3:29 "Quale Amore" (Nannini-Pianigiani/Nannini) – 5:08 "Avventuriera" (Nannini-Pianigiani/Nannini-Riva) – 4:04 "Quante Mani" (Nannini-Pianigiani/Nannini-Riva) - 3:31 "Terra Straniera" (Nannini-Pianigiani/Nannini) - 6:14 Personnel Gianna Nannini - Vocals, keyboards, guitars Fabio Pianigiani - Guitars, keyboards Rolf Lammers - Organ, keyboards Rainer Herzog - Keyboards Hans Bäär - Bass Rüdiger Braune - Drums Conny Plank - Percussion, sequencer Nikko Weidmann - Bass Synth. Martin Doepke - Bass Arr. Rudy Spinello - Guitars Gino Lattuca - Trumpet Rüdiger Baldauf - Trumpet George Mayer - Saxophone Reto Mandelkow - Alto sax Jürgen Hiekel - Tenor sax Gina Di Maio - Choir Fabiana De Geronimo - Choir Gloria Campoluongo - Choir Production: Conny Plank, Gianna Nannini Executive producer: Peter Zumsteg Engineer: Detlef Wiederhoff Additional infos Cover photography: Alberto Venzago Artwork: Hans Inauen Styling: Carla Guido, Moschino, Puma, Lily Farouche Recorded Spring 1986 at Conny's Studio, Neunkichen/Cologne, Germany Certifications Region Certification Certified units/sales Austria (IFPI Austria) Platinum 50,000* Germany (BVMI) Gold 250,000^ Italy (FIMI) 2× Platinum 200,000* Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) Platinum 50,000^ * Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. External links Gianna Nannini homepage References ^ a b "Musica: 50 anni a tempo di rock per Gianna Nannini" (in Italian). Adnkronos. 11 June 2006. Retrieved 10 July 2012. ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Gianna Nannini; 'Profumo')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. ^ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Profumo')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Authority control databases MusicBrainz release group This 1980s rock album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy%27s_Touch
Tammy's Touch
["1 Background","2 Recording and content","3 Release, chart performance, reception and singles","4 Track listing","5 Technical personnel","6 Charts","6.1 Weekly charts","6.2 Year-end charts","7 Release history","8 References","8.1 Footnotes","8.2 Books"]
1970 studio album by Tammy WynetteTammy's TouchStudio album by Tammy WynetteReleasedApril 27, 1970RecordedNovember 1969 – February 1970StudioColumbia Studio B, NashvilleGenreCountryNashville SoundLabelEpicProducerBilly SherrillTammy Wynette chronology The Ways to Love a Man(1970) Tammy's Touch(1970) The World of Tammy Wynette(1970) Singles from Tammy's Touch "I'll See Him Through"Released: December 1969 "He Loves Me All the Way"Released: April 1970 Tammy's Touch is a studio album by American country artist, Tammy Wynette. It was released on April 27, 1970 via Epic Records and contained 11 tracks. The album's material centered around themes of heartbreak and romance. Many of the album's songs were new recordings while others were covers. Among its new recordings was the singles "I'll See Him Through" and "He Loves Me All the Way". Both songs became chart-topping tracks on the country music charts in 1970. The album itself also reached top positions on multiple charts in the United States. Background Tammy Wynette was among country music's most popular artists during the sixties and seventies decades. She had a series of number one and top ten country songs, including 1969's "Stand by Your Man". Considered her signature recording, "Stand by Your Man" described how women stayed loyal to their husbands despite their many faults. The song elevated Wynette's popularity and helped craft an image that resonated for years on singles and albums. Among the follow-up singles were "I'll See Him Through" and "He Loves Me All the Way". Both songs followed a similar theme to "Stand by Your Man" and would help craft Wynette's 1970 studio LP, Tammy's Touch. Recording and content Tammy's Touch was recorded in sessions between November 1969 and February 1970. The recording sessions were held at Columbia Studio B, located in Nashville, Tennessee. The album was produced by Billy Sherrill. A total of 11 tracks comprised the studio album. The song's themes centered around heartbreak. This included tracks like "The Divorce Sale" and "He Thinks I Love Him". Other songs followed similar themes to "Stand by Your Man", such as the track "He Loves Me All the Way". In the song, a housewife explains that she can trust her husband even though she is not always sure if he is remaining faithful. Many of the album's tracks were penned especially for Wynette. These songs were chosen by Billy Sherrill and some were penned by him as well. The album featured three Sherrill compositions: "I'll See Him Through", "He Loves Me All the Way" and "A Lighter Shade of Blue". Two tracks were also written with Glenn Sutton: "Love Me, Love Me" and "A Lighter Shade of Blue". Also featured was a cover of the Brook Benton pop song, "It's Just a Matter of Time". It was also covered by Sonny James around the same time, whose version became a chart-topping country single. Release, chart performance, reception and singles Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic Tammy's Touch was first released on April 27, 1970 on Epic Records. It was eighth studio album recorded by Wynette during her career. It was initially released as both a vinyl LP and a cassette. In 1973, it was re-released to the United Kingdom under the title Superb Country Sounds. The cover photo and track listing were identical to the original. It was released digitally by Sony Music decades later. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic gave Tammy's Touch a positive review, rating it four out of five stars. He highlighted Billy's Sherrill's production along with the album's material, concluding that it was "one of her most satisfying albums of the '70s." The album went to number one on the American Billboard Top Country Albums chart in 1970, becoming her second chart-topping LP. It also became her fifth studio album to place on the Billboard 200 chart, reaching number 85. Two singles were included on Tammy's Touch. The first was "I'll See Him Through", which was initially released in December 1969. The single went to number two on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in March 1970. It also went to number three on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart in early 1970. Also included was the single "He Loves Me All the Way", which was first issued by Epic Records in April 1970. It topped by the Billboard country chart in July 1970 and went to number two on the RPM country chart. Both singles also reached the Billboard Hot 100, both climbing into the top 90. Track listing Side oneNo.TitleWriter(s)Length1."I'll See Him Through"Billy SherrillNorro Wilson2:512."Love Me, Love Me"George RicheyGlenn Sutton2:233."It's Just a Matter of Time"Belford HendricksBrook BentonClyde Otis2:484."Cold Lonely Feeling"Jerry Chesnut2:515."The Divorce Sale"Curly PutmanGreg Putman2:55 Side twoNo.TitleWriter(s)Length1."He Loves Me All the Way"SherrillCarmol TaylorWilson2:352."He Thinks I Love Him"Taylor2:253."Our Last Night Together"Rita Gist2:464."A Lighter Shade of Blue"SherrillGlenn Sutton1:575."Lonely Days (And Nights More Lonely)"Danny HurdTom Moore2:306."You Make My Skies Turn Blue"Jerry Crutchfield2:35 Technical personnel All credits are adapted from the liner notes of Tammy's Touch. Lou Bradley – engineer Charlie Bragg – engineer Bill Grine – cover photo, photography The Jordanaires – backing vocals Curly Putman – liner notes Billy Sherrill – producer Charts Weekly charts Chart (1970) Peakposition US Billboard 200 85 US Top Country Albums (Billboard) 1 Year-end charts Chart (1970) Position US Top Country Albums (Billboard) 8 Release history Region Date Format Label Ref. Australia April 27, 1970 Vinyl Epic Records Japan CBS Records InternationalSony Music North America Vinylcassette Epic Records Europe 1973 Embassy Records North America 2010s Music downloadstreaming Sony Music Entertainment References Footnotes ^ a b c d e Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Tammy's Touch: Tammy Wynette: Songs, reviews, credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 21 December 2022. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Tammy Wynette Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 11 December 2022. ^ McDonough 2010, p. 167. ^ a b McDonough 2010, p. 168. ^ a b c d e f g Wynette, Tammy (April 27, 1970). "Tammy's Touch (LP Liner Notes and Information)". Epic Records. BN-26549. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2000). Joel Whitburn, Top Pop Singles 1955-1999. Menomonee Falls, WI: Record Research. p. 48-49. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944-2006, Second edition. Record Research. p. 172. ^ a b Wynette, Tammy (April 27, 1970). "Tammy's Touch (Cassette Liner Notes and Information)". Epic Records. N16-10264. ^ a b Wynette, Tammy (1973). "Superb Country Sounds (LP and Cassette Information)". Embassy Records. EMB-31023 (Vinyl); 40-31023 (Cassette). ^ a b "Tammy' Touch by Tammy Wynette". Apple Music. Retrieved 21 December 2022. ^ "Tammy Wynette Chart History: Top Country Albums". Billboard. Retrieved 8 December 2019. ^ "Tammy Wynette Chart History: Billboard 200". Billboard. Retrieved 8 December 2019. ^ Wynette, Tammy (December 1969). ""I'll See Him Through"/"Enough of a Woman" (7" vinyl single)". Epic Records. 5-10571. ^ "Billboard Magazine - March 14, 1970" (PDF). American Radio History. Billboard Magazine. Retrieved September 20, 2017. ^ a b "Search results for "Tammy Wynette" under Top Singles". RPM. 17 July 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2019. ^ Wynette, Tammy (April 1970). ""He Loves Me All the Way"/"Our Last Night Together" (7" vinyl single)". Epic Records. 5-10612. ^ "Billboard Magazine - July 4, 1970" (PDF). American Radio History. Billboard Magazine. Retrieved September 20, 2017. ^ "Tammy Wynette Chart History: Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved 8 December 2019. ^ "Tammy Wynette Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved December 21, 2022. ^ "Tammy Wynette Chart History (Top Country Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved July 24, 2021. ^ "Top Country Albums – Year-End 1970". Billboard. Retrieved July 24, 2021. ^ Wynette, Tammy (April 27, 1970). "Tammy's Touch (LP Information)". Epic Records. ELPS-3585 (Australia). ^ Wynette, Tammy (April 27, 1970). "Tammy's Touch (LP Information)". CBS Records International/Sony. SONP-50340 (Japan). Books McDonough, Jimmy (2010). Tammy Wynette: Tragic Country Queen. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 9781101189955. vteTammy Wynette Albums Singles Discography with George Jones Awards and nominations Studio albums Your Good Girl's Gonna Go Bad (1967) My Elusive Dreams (with David Houston) (1967) Take Me to Your World / I Don't Wanna Play House (1968) D-I-V-O-R-C-E (1968) Stand by Your Man (1969) Inspiration (1969) The Ways to Love a Man (1970) Tammy's Touch (1970) The First Lady (1970) Christmas with Tammy (1970) We Sure Can Love Each Other (1971) Bedtime Story (1972) My Man (1972) Another Lonely Song (1974) Woman to Woman (1974) I Still Believe in Fairy Tales (1975) 'Til I Can Make It on My Own (1976) You and Me (1976) Let's Get Together (1977) One of a Kind (1977) Womanhood (1978) Just Tammy (1979) Only Lonely Sometimes (1980) You Brought Me Back (1981) Soft Touch (1982) Good Love & Heartbreak (1982) Even the Strong Get Lonely (1983) Sometimes When We Touch (1985) Higher Ground (1987) Next to You (1989) Heart over Mind (1990) Without Walls (1994) Compilation albums Tammy's Greatest Hits (1969) The World of Tammy Wynette (1970) Straight from the Heart (with David Houston) (1971) Tammy's Greatest Hits, Volume II (1971) Kids Say the Darndest Things (1973) Television and tributes George & Tammy Stand by Your Man Tammy Wynette Remembered Related artists and people Billy Sherrill David Houston George Jones Burt Reynolds George Richey The KLF Dolly Parton Loretta Lynn Related articles Grand Ole Opry Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum Authority control databases MusicBrainz release group
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"studio album","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_album"},{"link_name":"country","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music"},{"link_name":"Tammy Wynette","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_Wynette"},{"link_name":"Epic Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Records"},{"link_name":"singles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_(music)"},{"link_name":"I'll See Him Through","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll_See_Him_Through"},{"link_name":"He Loves Me All the Way","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He_Loves_Me_All_the_Way"}],"text":"Tammy's Touch is a studio album by American country artist, Tammy Wynette. It was released on April 27, 1970 via Epic Records and contained 11 tracks. The album's material centered around themes of heartbreak and romance. Many of the album's songs were new recordings while others were covers. Among its new recordings was the singles \"I'll See Him Through\" and \"He Loves Me All the Way\". Both songs became chart-topping tracks on the country music charts in 1970. The album itself also reached top positions on multiple charts in the United States.","title":"Tammy's Touch"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Stand by Your Man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand_by_Your_Man"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Allmusicbio-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonough2010167-3"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Allmusic-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonough2010168-4"}],"text":"Tammy Wynette was among country music's most popular artists during the sixties and seventies decades. She had a series of number one and top ten country songs, including 1969's \"Stand by Your Man\". Considered her signature recording, \"Stand by Your Man\" described how women stayed loyal to their husbands despite their many faults.[2] The song elevated Wynette's popularity and helped craft an image that resonated for years on singles and albums.[3] Among the follow-up singles were \"I'll See Him Through\" and \"He Loves Me All the Way\". Both songs followed a similar theme to \"Stand by Your Man\" and would help craft Wynette's 1970 studio LP, Tammy's Touch.[1][4]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Columbia Studio B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quonset_Hut_Studio"},{"link_name":"Nashville, Tennessee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Billy Sherrill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Sherrill"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Liner_Notes-5"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Allmusic-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonough2010168-4"},{"link_name":"Glenn Sutton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Sutton"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Liner_Notes-5"},{"link_name":"Brook Benton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brook_Benton"},{"link_name":"It's Just a Matter of Time","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_Just_a_Matter_of_Time_(song)"},{"link_name":"Sonny James","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_James"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"Tammy's Touch was recorded in sessions between November 1969 and February 1970. The recording sessions were held at Columbia Studio B, located in Nashville, Tennessee. The album was produced by Billy Sherrill. A total of 11 tracks comprised the studio album.[5] The song's themes centered around heartbreak. This included tracks like \"The Divorce Sale\" and \"He Thinks I Love Him\".[1] Other songs followed similar themes to \"Stand by Your Man\", such as the track \"He Loves Me All the Way\". In the song, a housewife explains that she can trust her husband even though she is not always sure if he is remaining faithful.[4] Many of the album's tracks were penned especially for Wynette. These songs were chosen by Billy Sherrill and some were penned by him as well. The album featured three Sherrill compositions: \"I'll See Him Through\", \"He Loves Me All the Way\" and \"A Lighter Shade of Blue\". Two tracks were also written with Glenn Sutton: \"Love Me, Love Me\" and \"A Lighter Shade of Blue\".[5] Also featured was a cover of the Brook Benton pop song, \"It's Just a Matter of Time\". It was also covered by Sonny James around the same time, whose version became a chart-topping country single.[6][7]","title":"Recording and content"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"vinyl LP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramophone_record"},{"link_name":"cassette","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_cassette"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Liner_Notes-5"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Liner_Notes_2-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Embassy-9"},{"link_name":"Sony Music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Apple-10"},{"link_name":"Stephen Thomas Erlewine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Thomas_Erlewine"},{"link_name":"AllMusic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AllMusic"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Allmusic-1"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"Top Country Albums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Country_Albums"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Top_Country_Albums-11"},{"link_name":"Billboard 200","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_200"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Billboard_200-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Hot Country Songs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Country_Songs"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"RPM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPM_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RPM_Singles-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RPM_Singles-15"},{"link_name":"Billboard Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hot_100-18"}],"text":"Tammy's Touch was first released on April 27, 1970 on Epic Records. It was eighth studio album recorded by Wynette during her career. It was initially released as both a vinyl LP and a cassette.[5][8] In 1973, it was re-released to the United Kingdom under the title Superb Country Sounds. The cover photo and track listing were identical to the original.[9] It was released digitally by Sony Music decades later.[10] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic gave Tammy's Touch a positive review, rating it four out of five stars. He highlighted Billy's Sherrill's production along with the album's material, concluding that it was \"one of her most satisfying albums of the '70s.\"[1] The album went to number one on the American Billboard Top Country Albums chart in 1970, becoming her second chart-topping LP.[11] It also became her fifth studio album to place on the Billboard 200 chart, reaching number 85.[12]Two singles were included on Tammy's Touch. The first was \"I'll See Him Through\", which was initially released in December 1969.[13] The single went to number two on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in March 1970.[14] It also went to number three on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart in early 1970.[15] Also included was the single \"He Loves Me All the Way\", which was first issued by Epic Records in April 1970.[16] It topped by the Billboard country chart in July 1970 and went to number two on the RPM country chart.[17][15] Both singles also reached the Billboard Hot 100, both climbing into the top 90.[18]","title":"Release, chart performance, reception and singles"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Liner_Notes-5"},{"link_name":"I'll See Him Through","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll_See_Him_Through"},{"link_name":"Norro Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norro_Wilson"},{"link_name":"George Richey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Richey"},{"link_name":"Glenn Sutton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Sutton"},{"link_name":"It's Just a Matter of Time","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_Just_a_Matter_of_Time_(song)"},{"link_name":"Brook Benton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brook_Benton"},{"link_name":"Clyde Otis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clyde_Otis"},{"link_name":"Jerry Chesnut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Chesnut"},{"link_name":"Curly Putman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curly_Putman"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Liner_Notes-5"},{"link_name":"He Loves Me All the Way","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He_Loves_Me_All_the_Way"},{"link_name":"Jerry Crutchfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Crutchfield"}],"text":"Side one[5]No.TitleWriter(s)Length1.\"I'll See Him Through\"Billy SherrillNorro Wilson2:512.\"Love Me, Love Me\"George RicheyGlenn Sutton2:233.\"It's Just a Matter of Time\"Belford HendricksBrook BentonClyde Otis2:484.\"Cold Lonely Feeling\"Jerry Chesnut2:515.\"The Divorce Sale\"Curly PutmanGreg Putman2:55Side two[5]No.TitleWriter(s)Length1.\"He Loves Me All the Way\"SherrillCarmol TaylorWilson2:352.\"He Thinks I Love Him\"Taylor2:253.\"Our Last Night Together\"Rita Gist2:464.\"A Lighter Shade of Blue\"SherrillGlenn Sutton1:575.\"Lonely Days (And Nights More Lonely)\"Danny HurdTom Moore2:306.\"You Make My Skies Turn Blue\"Jerry Crutchfield2:35","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"liner notes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liner_notes"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Liner_Notes-5"},{"link_name":"The Jordanaires","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jordanaires"}],"text":"All credits are adapted from the liner notes of Tammy's Touch.[5]Lou Bradley – engineer\nCharlie Bragg – engineer\nBill Grine – cover photo, photography\nThe Jordanaires – backing vocals\nCurly Putman – liner notes\nBilly Sherrill – producer","title":"Technical personnel"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tammy%27s_Touch&action=edit&section=7"},{"link_name":"Billboard 200","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_200"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac_Billboard200_Tammy_Wynette-19"},{"link_name":"Top Country Albums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Country_Albums"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac_BillboardCountry_Tammy_Wynette-20"},{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tammy%27s_Touch&action=edit&section=8"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"text":"Weekly charts[edit]\n\n\n\nChart (1970)\n\nPeakposition\n\n\nUS Billboard 200[19]\n\n85\n\n\nUS Top Country Albums (Billboard)[20]\n\n1\n\n\n\nYear-end charts[edit]\n\n\n\nChart (1970)\n\nPosition\n\n\nUS Top Country Albums (Billboard)[21]\n\n8","title":"Charts"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Release history"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. \"Tammy's Touch: Tammy Wynette: Songs, reviews, credits\". AllMusic. Retrieved 21 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.allmusic.com/album/tammys-touch-mw0000869514","url_text":"\"Tammy's Touch: Tammy Wynette: Songs, reviews, credits\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AllMusic","url_text":"AllMusic"}]},{"reference":"Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. \"Tammy Wynette Biography\". AllMusic. Retrieved 11 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.allmusic.com/artist/tammy-wynette-mn0000136640/biography","url_text":"\"Tammy Wynette Biography\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AllMusic","url_text":"AllMusic"}]},{"reference":"Wynette, Tammy (April 27, 1970). \"Tammy's Touch (LP Liner Notes and Information)\". Epic Records. BN-26549.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Records","url_text":"Epic Records"}]},{"reference":"Whitburn, Joel (2000). Joel Whitburn, Top Pop Singles 1955-1999. Menomonee Falls, WI: Record Research. p. 48-49.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944-2006, Second edition. Record Research. p. 172.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Whitburn","url_text":"Whitburn, Joel"}]},{"reference":"Wynette, Tammy (April 27, 1970). \"Tammy's Touch (Cassette Liner Notes and Information)\". Epic Records. N16-10264.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Records","url_text":"Epic Records"}]},{"reference":"Wynette, Tammy (1973). \"Superb Country Sounds [UK] (LP and Cassette Information)\". Embassy Records. EMB-31023 (Vinyl); 40-31023 (Cassette).","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_Records","url_text":"Embassy Records"}]},{"reference":"\"Tammy' Touch by Tammy Wynette\". Apple Music. Retrieved 21 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://music.apple.com/us/album/tammys-touch/1056792855","url_text":"\"Tammy' Touch by Tammy Wynette\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Music","url_text":"Apple Music"}]},{"reference":"\"Tammy Wynette Chart History: Top Country Albums\". Billboard. Retrieved 8 December 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.billboard.com/artist/tammy-wynette/chart-history/clp/","url_text":"\"Tammy Wynette Chart History: Top Country Albums\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)","url_text":"Billboard"}]},{"reference":"\"Tammy Wynette Chart History: Billboard 200\". Billboard. Retrieved 8 December 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.billboard.com/artist/tammy-wynette/chart-history/tlp/","url_text":"\"Tammy Wynette Chart History: Billboard 200\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)","url_text":"Billboard"}]},{"reference":"Wynette, Tammy (December 1969). \"\"I'll See Him Through\"/\"Enough of a Woman\" (7\" vinyl single)\". Epic Records. 5-10571.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll_See_Him_Through","url_text":"I'll See Him Through"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Records","url_text":"Epic Records"}]},{"reference":"\"Billboard Magazine - March 14, 1970\" (PDF). American Radio History. Billboard Magazine. Retrieved September 20, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1970/Billboard%201970-03-14.pdf","url_text":"\"Billboard Magazine - March 14, 1970\""}]},{"reference":"\"Search results for \"Tammy Wynette\" under Top Singles\". RPM. 17 July 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/list.aspx?OCRText=Tammy+Wynette&ChartEn=Top+Singles&","url_text":"\"Search results for \"Tammy Wynette\" under Top Singles\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPM_(magazine)","url_text":"RPM"}]},{"reference":"Wynette, Tammy (April 1970). \"\"He Loves Me All the Way\"/\"Our Last Night Together\" (7\" vinyl single)\". Epic Records. 5-10612.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He_Loves_Me_All_the_Way","url_text":"He Loves Me All the Way"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Records","url_text":"Epic Records"}]},{"reference":"\"Billboard Magazine - July 4, 1970\" (PDF). American Radio History. Billboard Magazine. Retrieved September 20, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1970/Billboard%201970-07-04.pdf","url_text":"\"Billboard Magazine - July 4, 1970\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tammy Wynette Chart History: Hot 100\". Billboard. Retrieved 8 December 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.billboard.com/artist/tammy-wynette/chart-history/hsi/","url_text":"\"Tammy Wynette Chart History: Hot 100\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)","url_text":"Billboard"}]},{"reference":"\"Top Country Albums – Year-End 1970\". Billboard. Retrieved July 24, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1970/top-country-albums","url_text":"\"Top Country Albums – Year-End 1970\""}]},{"reference":"Wynette, Tammy (April 27, 1970). \"Tammy's Touch (LP Information)\". Epic Records. ELPS-3585 (Australia).","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Records","url_text":"Epic Records"}]},{"reference":"Wynette, Tammy (April 27, 1970). \"Tammy's Touch (LP Information)\". CBS Records International/Sony. SONP-50340 (Japan).","urls":[]},{"reference":"McDonough, Jimmy (2010). Tammy Wynette: Tragic Country Queen. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 9781101189955.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781101189955","url_text":"9781101189955"}]}]
[{"Link":"https://www.allmusic.com/album/tammys-touch-mw0000869514","external_links_name":"\"Tammy's Touch: Tammy Wynette: Songs, reviews, credits\""},{"Link":"https://www.allmusic.com/artist/tammy-wynette-mn0000136640/biography","external_links_name":"\"Tammy Wynette Biography\""},{"Link":"https://music.apple.com/us/album/tammys-touch/1056792855","external_links_name":"\"Tammy' Touch by Tammy Wynette\""},{"Link":"https://www.billboard.com/artist/tammy-wynette/chart-history/clp/","external_links_name":"\"Tammy Wynette Chart History: Top Country Albums\""},{"Link":"https://www.billboard.com/artist/tammy-wynette/chart-history/tlp/","external_links_name":"\"Tammy Wynette Chart History: Billboard 200\""},{"Link":"http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1970/Billboard%201970-03-14.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Billboard Magazine - March 14, 1970\""},{"Link":"https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/list.aspx?OCRText=Tammy+Wynette&ChartEn=Top+Singles&","external_links_name":"\"Search results for \"Tammy Wynette\" under Top Singles\""},{"Link":"http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1970/Billboard%201970-07-04.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Billboard Magazine - July 4, 1970\""},{"Link":"https://www.billboard.com/artist/tammy-wynette/chart-history/hsi/","external_links_name":"\"Tammy Wynette Chart History: Hot 100\""},{"Link":"https://www.billboard.com/artist/Tammy-Wynette/chart-history/TLP","external_links_name":"\"Tammy Wynette Chart History (Billboard 200)\""},{"Link":"https://www.billboard.com/artist/Tammy-Wynette/chart-history/CLP","external_links_name":"\"Tammy Wynette Chart History (Top Country Albums)\""},{"Link":"http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1970/top-country-albums","external_links_name":"\"Top Country Albums – Year-End 1970\""},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/release-group/3c70633f-8fd6-4123-a8ab-d2f147279764","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz release group"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_B%C3%A1rta_(architect)
Jan Bárta (architect)
["1 References"]
Czech architect and preservationist Jan Bárta (born 9 August 1942 in Prague) is a Czech architect and preservationist. He has written several books about historic preservation and is a specialist in the area of facades and plaster on historic buildings. He is also known as an advocate for restoration of the monument of Josef Radetzky in Prague, which was removed in 1921. In 1991 Jan Bárta together with chemist Jiří Rathouský founded a company to produce facade colours, hydrophobic coats and other chemicals aimed for restoration of historic houses. It has been the exclusive supplier of facade colours for the historic buildings of Prague Castle and various other historic monuments of the Czech Republic and elsewhere. In 2011 Jan Bárta founded Spolek Radecký Praha (Radetzky Association Prague), which aims to commemorate Field Marshal Radetzky and for several years has been advocating for the restoration of Radetzky's monument on Malostranské náměstí in Prague. This endeavour has been supported by numerous historians. Bárta stresses that Radetzky was a great Czech historical personality from an old Bohemian noble family and the monument was a beautiful work of art. In an interview for Czech online newspaper iDNES.cz, Bárta stated that the nationalist concept of Czech history in the 20th caused many great persons (such as Radetzky) to be almost forgotten, so his aim is to correct that. In 2016 the association held great celebrations of 250 years since Radetzky's birth in his birthplace Sedlčany (under the patronage of the municipal government) and in Prague. In Sedlčany a commemorative plaque was unveiled. Since 2013, he is the vice-charman of the Club for old Prague – an important preservationist organisation in Prague. Bárta is a monarchist and member of the Koruna Česká (Czech monarchist party), in the years 2014-2018 he was the party's hejtman (regional chairman) for Bohemia. References ^ "Jan Bárta: Sametová revoluce přišla pozdě - Euro.cz". Euro.cz (in Czech). 2006-02-20. Retrieved 2018-07-30. ^ "Kandidátka TOP 09 v jižních Čechách". TOP 09 (in Czech). Retrieved 2018-07-30. ^ "Fehlendes Monument: Radetzky-Denkmal soll zurück auf den Kleinseitner Ring" (in German). Czech Radio. Retrieved 2018-08-01. ^ "Österreich feiert den legendären Heerführer der Habsburger". RP ONLINE (in German). Retrieved 2018-08-01. ^ "Spolek hledá peníze a termín pro návrat Radeckého na Malostranské náměstí". iDNES.cz. 2017-11-15. Retrieved 2018-07-30. ^ "Ehrung in der Heimat: Sedlčany enthüllt Gedenktafel für Josef Radetzky" (in German). Czech Radio. Retrieved 2018-08-01. ^ "Orgány Klubu". Klub Za starou Prahu (in Czech). Retrieved 2018-07-30. ^ "Ing. arch. Jan Bárta". Koruna Česká (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2018-08-01. Authority control databases International VIAF WorldCat National Germany United States Czech Republic
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Prague","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague"},{"link_name":"Czech","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechs"},{"link_name":"architect","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architect"},{"link_name":"preservationist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preservationist"},{"link_name":"Josef Radetzky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Radetzky_von_Radetz"},{"link_name":"Jiří Rathouský","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Rathousk%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Czech Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Field Marshal Radetzky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Radetzky_von_Radetz"},{"link_name":"Malostranské náměstí","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malostransk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Sedlčany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedl%C4%8Dany"},{"link_name":"Prague","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Club for old Prague","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Club_for_old_Prague&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"monarchist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchism"},{"link_name":"Koruna Česká","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koruna_%C4%8Cesk%C3%A1_(party)"},{"link_name":"hejtman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hejtman"},{"link_name":"Bohemia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemia"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Jan Bárta (born 9 August 1942 in Prague) is a Czech architect and preservationist. He has written several books about historic preservation and is a specialist in the area of facades and plaster on historic buildings. He is also known as an advocate for restoration of the monument of Josef Radetzky in Prague, which was removed in 1921.In 1991 Jan Bárta together with chemist Jiří Rathouský founded a company to produce facade colours, hydrophobic coats and other chemicals aimed for restoration of historic houses.[1] It has been the exclusive supplier of facade colours for the historic buildings of Prague Castle and various other historic monuments of the Czech Republic and elsewhere.[2]In 2011 Jan Bárta founded Spolek Radecký Praha (Radetzky Association Prague), which aims to commemorate Field Marshal Radetzky and for several years has been advocating for the restoration of Radetzky's monument on Malostranské náměstí in Prague. This endeavour has been supported by numerous historians.[3] Bárta stresses that Radetzky was a great Czech historical personality from an old Bohemian noble family and the monument was a beautiful work of art.[4] In an interview for Czech online newspaper iDNES.cz, Bárta stated that the nationalist concept of Czech history in the 20th caused many great persons (such as Radetzky) to be almost forgotten, so his aim is to correct that.[5] In 2016 the association held great celebrations of 250 years since Radetzky's birth in his birthplace Sedlčany (under the patronage of the municipal government) and in Prague. In Sedlčany a commemorative plaque was unveiled.[6]Since 2013, he is the vice-charman of the Club for old Prague – an important preservationist organisation in Prague.[7]Bárta is a monarchist and member of the Koruna Česká (Czech monarchist party), in the years 2014-2018 he was the party's hejtman (regional chairman) for Bohemia.[8]","title":"Jan Bárta (architect)"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuo_Ting-tsai
Kuo Ting-tsai
["1 References"]
Taiwanese politician Kuo Ting-tsai郭廷才Member of the Legislative YuanIn office1 February 1993 – 31 January 2002ConstituencyPingtung County Personal detailsBorn(1936-09-28)28 September 1936Tōkō, Takao Prefecture, Taiwan, Empire of Japan (today Donggang, Pingtung, Taiwan)Died9 April 2015(2015-04-09) (aged 78)NationalityRepublic of ChinaPolitical partyKuomintang Kuo Ting-tsai (Chinese: 郭廷才; pinyin: Guō Tíngcái; 28 September 1936 – 9 April 2015) was a Taiwanese politician. He was born in Donggang, Pingtung, where he began his political career as mayor. He was later elected to four consecutive terms on the Pingtung County Council, including three as council speaker, and served on the Legislative Yuan from 1993 to 2002 as a representative of Pingtung County. Kuo was charged with breach of trust, fraud and falsification of documentation in September 1999, as the Pingtung County Prosecutors' Office investigated Kuo for actions taken during his leadership of Tungkang Credit Cooperative from 1992 to 1999. In November 2000, Kuo was sentenced to a prison term of twelve years. He ran for reelection in 2001, but was unable to retain his legislative seat. In February 2005, Kuo left for China, and was traced to Zhongshan in November 2010, when he was repatriated. Kuo died of cancer complications in April 2015, aged 78. References ^ a b c "台湾前"立委"郭廷才80岁病逝 结束传奇一生" (in Chinese). NetEase. 15 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2017. ^ "Legislator faces fraud charges". Taipei Times. 4 September 1999. Retrieved 17 April 2017. ^ Lin, Irene (19 November 2000). "KMT legislator gets 12 years for embezzling". Taipei Times. Retrieved 17 April 2017. ^ Chang, Rich (8 February 2011). "FEATURE: Cross-strait crime-fighting pact paying off: prosecutor". Taipei Times. Retrieved 17 April 2017. This article about a Kuomintang politician from Taiwan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
null
[{"reference":"\"台湾前\"立委\"郭廷才80岁病逝 结束传奇一生\" (in Chinese). NetEase. 15 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://news.163.com/15/0415/10/AN81UFEB00014AEE.html","url_text":"\"台湾前\"立委\"郭廷才80岁病逝 结束传奇一生\""}]},{"reference":"\"Legislator faces fraud charges\". Taipei Times. 4 September 1999. Retrieved 17 April 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/local/archives/1999/09/04/0000001705","url_text":"\"Legislator faces fraud charges\""}]},{"reference":"Lin, Irene (19 November 2000). \"KMT legislator gets 12 years for embezzling\". Taipei Times. Retrieved 17 April 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2000/11/19/0000062085","url_text":"\"KMT legislator gets 12 years for embezzling\""}]},{"reference":"Chang, Rich (8 February 2011). \"FEATURE: Cross-strait crime-fighting pact paying off: prosecutor\". Taipei Times. Retrieved 17 April 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2011/02/08/2003495363/1","url_text":"\"FEATURE: Cross-strait crime-fighting pact paying off: prosecutor\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badru_Kiggundu
Badru Kiggundu
["1 Background and education","2 Career in the United States","3 Career in Academa","4 Career at the Electoral Commission","5 Career as chairman of committee on dams","6 Family","7 References","8 External links"]
Badru KiggunduBorn1945 (age 78–79)Nkozi Hospital, Mpigi District, UgandaNationalityUgandanAlma materUniversity of New Mexico(BSc in Civil Engineering)(PhD in Geomaterials)Carnegie Mellon University(MSc in Civil Engineering)Occupation(s)Civil Engineer, Academic and ConsultantYears activeSince 1971 Badru Malimbo Kiggundu is a Ugandan civil engineer, academic and consultant, who serves as the chairman of the presidential select committee responsible for the supervision of the successful completion of both Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station and Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station. He was appointed to that position by Yoweri Museveni, the president of Uganda in August 2016. He concurrently serves as the Chairman of the board of directors of National Water and Sewerage Corporation. He was appointed to that position on 20 July 2020, replacing Christopher Ebal, whose contract expired. In the past, from 2002 until 2016, he served as the chairman of the Electoral Commission of Uganda, for 14 consecutive years. Background and education He was born in 1945 to the late Hajji Yonus Luswa, (d. 1997) and the late Hajati Kabugo Namatovu (d. 2006). Kiggundu is one of the 23 children fathered by Hajji Luswa. He attended Kabasanda Primary School for his elementary schooling. He then transferred to Kibuli Secondary School for his O-Level studies. In late 1964, he won a full scholarship from the government of Buganda, to pursue his A-Level studies at Nabumali High School in Mbale District, graduating from there in 1965. Another scholarship saw him enroll in the University of New Mexico, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering. He continued his studies at Carnegie Mellon University, graduating from there in 1971, with a Master of Science in civil engineering. Later, in 1981, he obtained a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of New Mexico. Career in the United States For a period of six years, from 1971 until 1977, Badru Kiggundu served as an engineer and executive with the National Housing and Construction Company, a government parastatal company, where he was responsible for road construction. After completing his doctoral studies in 1981, he was hired by the University of New Mexico as a research scientist, working in that capacity for six years. In 1987, Auburn University in Alabama, hired him as a research program manager and Assistant Professor in civil engineering. He worked in that capacity until 1988, when he returned to Uganda. Career in Academa Kiggundu worked in the private construction industry for two and one half years, after his return to Uganda in 1988. In 1991, Makerere University, hired him as a member of the academic staff in the department of civil engineering. In 1993, he rose to the rank of head of department. From 1999 until 2002, he served as the Dean of the Faculty of Technology. He left Makerere in 2002 at the rank of Associate Professor. Career at the Electoral Commission During the fourteen years that Kiggundu spent at the helm of Uganda Electoral Commission, the commission oversaw three general elections, in 2006, 2011 and 2016. In 2006 and 2016, the presidential election results were challenged in Uganda's Supreme Court, but in both cases, the Court ruled in favor of the incumbent president, Yoweri Museveni. Career as chairman of committee on dams In August 2016, Engineer Kiggundu was appointed by the president of Uganda to chair a seven-person committee to oversee the completion of two hydroelectric power projects, that were under construction then; the 600 megawatts Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station and the 183 megawatts Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station. Other members of the committee are as illustrated in the table below. Members of Select Presidential Committee On Karuma and Isimba Power Stations Rank Name Position Nationality Employment Notes 1 Badru Kiggundu Chairman Ugandan Civil Engineer Former Chairman UEC 2 John Berry Vice Chairman South African Corporate Executive Current CEO of Bujagali Energy Limited 3 Keith Muhakanizi Committee Secretary Ugandan Civil Servant Current Permanent Secretary OPM 4 Robert Kasande Member Ugandan Civil Servant Current Permanent Secretary, Uganda Ministry of Energy 5 Harrison Mutikanga Member Ugandan Corporate Executive Current CEO of UEGCL 6 Eriasi Kiyemba Member Ugandan Corporate Executive Current CEO of UETCL 7 Francis Atoke Member Ugandan Civil Servant Current Solicitor General of Uganda Family He is married and is the father of eleven children, with three consorts. References ^ a b c Okuda, Ivan (21 August 2016). "Kiggundu to oversee Karuma dam project". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 30 May 2018. ^ SoftPower (24 July 2020). "Engineer Badru Kiggundu Unveiled As New Chairperson Of NWSC Board". Kampala: SoftPower Uganda. Retrieved 24 July 2020. ^ a b c d e f g Simon Kasyate (9 November 2015). "Engineer Kiggundu talks brewing kwete and lucky life". The Observer (Uganda). Kampala. Retrieved 30 May 2018. ^ a b c d e f g Baker Batte Lule (14 November 2016). "Dr Badru Kiggundu on his life journey, and that kitchen smoke". The Observer (Uganda). Kampala. Retrieved 30 May 2018. ^ Wassajja, Nicholas (1 September 2016). "Ugandans should be grateful for EC - Kiggundu". New Vision. Kampala. Retrieved 30 May 2018. External links Government did NOT fire Isimba owners engineer As of 15 September 2017.
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ugandan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda"},{"link_name":"civil engineer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineer"},{"link_name":"academic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic"},{"link_name":"consultant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consultant"},{"link_name":"chairman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman"},{"link_name":"presidential","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Uganda"},{"link_name":"Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isimba_Hydroelectric_Power_Station"},{"link_name":"Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karuma_Hydroelectric_Power_Station"},{"link_name":"Yoweri Museveni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1R-1"},{"link_name":"National Water and Sewerage Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Water_and_Sewerage_Corporation"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TermR-2"},{"link_name":"Electoral Commission of Uganda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_Commission_of_Uganda"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1R-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2R-3"}],"text":"Badru Malimbo Kiggundu is a Ugandan civil engineer, academic and consultant, who serves as the chairman of the presidential select committee responsible for the supervision of the successful completion of both Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station and Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station. He was appointed to that position by Yoweri Museveni, the president of Uganda in August 2016.[1] He concurrently serves as the Chairman of the board of directors of National Water and Sewerage Corporation. He was appointed to that position on 20 July 2020, replacing Christopher Ebal, whose contract expired.[2]In the past, from 2002 until 2016, he served as the chairman of the Electoral Commission of Uganda, for 14 consecutive years.[1][3]","title":"Badru Kiggundu"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2R-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3R-4"},{"link_name":"Kibuli Secondary School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibuli_Secondary_School"},{"link_name":"Buganda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buganda"},{"link_name":"Nabumali High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabumali_High_School"},{"link_name":"Mbale District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbale_District"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2R-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3R-4"},{"link_name":"University of New Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico"},{"link_name":"Bachelor of Science","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science"},{"link_name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Engineering"},{"link_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University"},{"link_name":"Master of Science","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science"},{"link_name":"Doctor of Philosophy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2R-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3R-4"}],"text":"He was born in 1945 to the late Hajji Yonus Luswa, (d. 1997) and the late Hajati Kabugo Namatovu (d. 2006). Kiggundu is one of the 23 children fathered by Hajji Luswa.[3][4]He attended Kabasanda Primary School for his elementary schooling. He then transferred to Kibuli Secondary School for his O-Level studies. In late 1964, he won a full scholarship from the government of Buganda, to pursue his A-Level studies at Nabumali High School in Mbale District, graduating from there in 1965.[3][4]Another scholarship saw him enroll in the University of New Mexico, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering. He continued his studies at Carnegie Mellon University, graduating from there in 1971, with a Master of Science in civil engineering. Later, in 1981, he obtained a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of New Mexico.[3][4]","title":"Background and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"National Housing and Construction Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Housing_and_Construction_Company"},{"link_name":"parastatal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parastatal"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2R-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3R-4"},{"link_name":"Auburn University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auburn_University"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3R-4"}],"text":"For a period of six years, from 1971 until 1977, Badru Kiggundu served as an engineer and executive with the National Housing and Construction Company, a government parastatal company, where he was responsible for road construction.[3][4]After completing his doctoral studies in 1981, he was hired by the University of New Mexico as a research scientist, working in that capacity for six years. In 1987, Auburn University in Alabama, hired him as a research program manager and Assistant Professor in civil engineering. He worked in that capacity until 1988, when he returned to Uganda.[4]","title":"Career in the United States"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Makerere University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makerere_University"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2R-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3R-4"}],"text":"Kiggundu worked in the private construction industry for two and one half years, after his return to Uganda in 1988. In 1991, Makerere University, hired him as a member of the academic staff in the department of civil engineering. In 1993, he rose to the rank of head of department. From 1999 until 2002, he served as the Dean of the Faculty of Technology. He left Makerere in 2002 at the rank of Associate Professor.[3][4]","title":"Career in Academa"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Uganda Electoral Commission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda_Electoral_Commission"},{"link_name":"Uganda's Supreme Court","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Uganda"},{"link_name":"Yoweri Museveni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4R-5"}],"text":"During the fourteen years that Kiggundu spent at the helm of Uganda Electoral Commission, the commission oversaw three general elections, in 2006, 2011 and 2016. In 2006 and 2016, the presidential election results were challenged in Uganda's Supreme Court, but in both cases, the Court ruled in favor of the incumbent president, Yoweri Museveni.[5]","title":"Career at the Electoral Commission"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1R-1"}],"text":"In August 2016, Engineer Kiggundu was appointed by the president of Uganda to chair a seven-person committee to oversee the completion of two hydroelectric power projects, that were under construction then; the 600 megawatts Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station and the 183 megawatts Isimba Hydroelectric Power Station. Other members of the committee are as illustrated in the table below.[1]","title":"Career as chairman of committee on dams"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2R-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3R-4"}],"text":"He is married and is the father of eleven children, with three consorts.[3][4]","title":"Family"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Okuda, Ivan (21 August 2016). \"Kiggundu to oversee Karuma dam project\". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 30 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kiggundu-to-oversee-Karuma-dam-project/688334-3351798-e5bohjz/index.html","url_text":"\"Kiggundu to oversee Karuma dam project\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Monitor","url_text":"Daily Monitor"}]},{"reference":"SoftPower (24 July 2020). \"Engineer Badru Kiggundu Unveiled As New Chairperson Of NWSC Board\". Kampala: SoftPower Uganda. Retrieved 24 July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.softpower.ug/engineer-badru-kiggundu-unveiled-as-new-chairperson-of-nwsc-board/","url_text":"\"Engineer Badru Kiggundu Unveiled As New Chairperson Of NWSC Board\""}]},{"reference":"Simon Kasyate (9 November 2015). \"Engineer Kiggundu talks brewing kwete and lucky life\". The Observer (Uganda). Kampala. Retrieved 30 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.observer.ug/viewpoint/interview/40892-eng-kiggundu-talks-brewing-kwete-and-lucky-life","url_text":"\"Engineer Kiggundu talks brewing kwete and lucky life\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer_(Uganda)","url_text":"The Observer (Uganda)"}]},{"reference":"Baker Batte Lule (14 November 2016). \"Dr Badru Kiggundu on his life journey, and that kitchen smoke\". The Observer (Uganda). Kampala. Retrieved 30 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.observer.ug/news-headlines/47455-dr-badru-kiggundu-on-his-life-journey-and-that-kitchen-smoke","url_text":"\"Dr Badru Kiggundu on his life journey, and that kitchen smoke\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer_(Uganda)","url_text":"The Observer (Uganda)"}]},{"reference":"Wassajja, Nicholas (1 September 2016). \"Ugandans should be grateful for EC - Kiggundu\". New Vision. Kampala. Retrieved 30 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1434308/ugandans-grateful-ec-kiggundu","url_text":"\"Ugandans should be grateful for EC - Kiggundu\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Vision","url_text":"New Vision"}]}]
[{"Link":"http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kiggundu-to-oversee-Karuma-dam-project/688334-3351798-e5bohjz/index.html","external_links_name":"\"Kiggundu to oversee Karuma dam project\""},{"Link":"https://www.softpower.ug/engineer-badru-kiggundu-unveiled-as-new-chairperson-of-nwsc-board/","external_links_name":"\"Engineer Badru Kiggundu Unveiled As New Chairperson Of NWSC Board\""},{"Link":"http://www.observer.ug/viewpoint/interview/40892-eng-kiggundu-talks-brewing-kwete-and-lucky-life","external_links_name":"\"Engineer Kiggundu talks brewing kwete and lucky life\""},{"Link":"http://www.observer.ug/news-headlines/47455-dr-badru-kiggundu-on-his-life-journey-and-that-kitchen-smoke","external_links_name":"\"Dr Badru Kiggundu on his life journey, and that kitchen smoke\""},{"Link":"https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1434308/ugandans-grateful-ec-kiggundu","external_links_name":"\"Ugandans should be grateful for EC - Kiggundu\""},{"Link":"https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1461700/government-isimba-owners-engineer","external_links_name":"Government did NOT fire Isimba owners engineer"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junko_Abe
Junko Abe
["1 Early life","2 Career","3 Filmography","3.1 Films","3.2 Television","3.3 Online","3.4 Commercials","3.5 Radio drama","3.6 Music videos","4 References","5 External links"]
Japanese actress Junko Abe阿部 純子Abe in 2014Born (1993-05-07) May 7, 1993 (age 31)Osaka, JapanOther namesJun YoshinagaOccupation(s)Actress, modelYears active2010–presentAgentAmuse Inc.Height161 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in)Children1Websitewww.amuse.co.jp/artist/A8759 Junko Abe (阿部純子, Abe Junko) (born May 7, 1993) formerly known by her stage name Jun Yoshinaga (吉永淳, Yoshinaga Jun), is a Japanese actress and model. Early life Abe was born on May 7, 1993, in Osaka. She attended at the Osaka Prefectural Kitano High School, where she was part of the Aikido team. While in high school, she was involved in Japanese dance, scuba diving and playing piano. She was also part of the high school brass band, where she played flute. In March 2017, she graduated from the Faculty of Environment and Information Studies at Keio University in Tokyo. Career While at elementary school, she was discovered and signed on by an agent. She made her debut as an advertising model for Hankyu Department Store. In middle school, she worked as a model for a fashion magazine and later worked as an image character for the Fuji TV anime series Shion no Ō. On 2010, she made her acting debut in the movie The Chasing World 2 (リアル鬼ごっこ２), as the heroine. She started using her stage name Jun Yoshinaga. In 2012, she played as one of the main casts in the Japanese comedy-drama television series Perfect Son. As a result of her role in the series, she garnered attention and the number of access to her official blog grew. In 2014, she starred in the movie Still the Water directed by Naomi Kawase. She was selected as the cast for the movie, due to her experience in scuba diving during her time in high school, at "the beauty of swimming" audition in Amami Ōshima. For her performance in the movie, she received the Best Actress Award at the Sakhalin International Film Festival and Best New Actress Award at the Takasaki Film Festival. In August 2014, Abe took a career break and quit her acting agency to head to the United States for a year to study English and Drama at New York University. While studying at the NYU Tisch School of the Arts, she met her acting agency staff and returned to Japan in 2015. Following her return to Japan, she started to use her birth name as stage name. Abe auditioned for NHK TV serial Toto Neechan and was cast for the role of heroine's friend, Aya Nakada. On 2019, she starred in movie The Prisoner of Sakura, a Japan-Russia co-production, which was based on the true story of a war prison in Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture, during the Russo-Japanese War. In the movie, she has a dual role. Filmography Films The Chasing World 2 (2010) – Sato Ai Wasao (2011) - Tagawa Maki A Man With Style (2011) - Miyata Momoko Tonnerura de Boo (2011) - Sakiko Toyama In the City of Dawn (2011) - young Nakanishi Akiba Lifeline (2014) - main role My Hawaiian Discovery (2014) - Mako Still the Water (2014) - Kyoko Home Away From Home (2014) - Akiko The Limit of Sleeping Beauty (2017) - Maria Dawn Wind in My Poncho (2017) - Maria The Blood of Wolves (2018) - Momoko Okada The Man From the Sea (2018) - Sachiko Samurai Marathon (2018) - Shiori Uesugi The Prisoner of Sakura (2019) - Yui Takeda / Sakurako Takamiya I Don't Want to Be Like You (2019) Daughters (2020) - Kiyokawa Ayano The Voice of Sin (2020) - young Sone Mayumi 461 Days of Bento: A Promise Between Father and Son (2020) - Yajima Maka Baragaki: Unbroken Samurai (2021) - Itosato A Dog Named Palma (2021) - Akita Dog Museum staff Ring Wandering (2022) - Midori / Kozue Yes, I Can't Swim (2022) - Namie Miss Osaka (2022) Remember to Breathe (2022) Television Drama W Beat (2011) – Terumi Higuchi Perfect Son (2012) - Hyouzuka Masako Rumic Theater (2012) - Hazuki Fuwa Special Spy Zone (2012) - Kitagawa Natsumi Gozen 3-ji no Muhōchitai (2013) - Haruka In the Room (2013) - Narukawa Rui Toto Neechan (2016) - Aya Nakada A Girl & Three Sweethearts (2016) - Ishikawa Wakaba Tales of the Unusual Story Autumn Special Edition (2016) - Natsuki Tokita Osaka Kanjousen Part 2 (2017) - Fujimoto Asahi 4-go Keibi (2017) - Ueno Yu I Will Threaten You From Now On (2017) - Momoka Kobashi Tokyo Vampire Hotel (2017) - Yui Swab (2018) - Faculty role Caseworker's Diary (2018) - Kataoka Mari Heisei Bashiru (2018) - Ayaka Ekuni BRIDGE Begins on 1995.1.17 Kobe (2019) - Ritsu Takeda Fruits Takuhaibin (2019) - Sumomo Sasurai Onsen (2019) - Yabe Junko No Side Game (2019) - Fujishima Rena Really Scary Story (2019) - Asuka Miyazaki Shiyakusho (2019) - Imoto Midori Keiji to Kenji - Shokatsu to Chiken no 24ji (2019) - Ishida Kiriko Papa ga Mo Ichido Koi wo Shita (2020) - Kawakami Yukari Sunday Prime Funny Detective (2020) - Rena Gazuma Toshishita Kareshi (2020) - Yoko Tantei Yuri Rintaro (2020) - Kawase Fumino Dakara Watashi wa Make Suru (2020) - Kawamatsu Yasuko Ochoyan (2020–21) - Wakasaki Yoko Online Nestlé Theater on YouTube "Day and Night" (2014) - Shiori Haneda Commercials Suntory - C.C. Lemon (April 2011) Haruyama Trading Co., Ltd. (February 2013) Starbucks Odakyu Electric Railway (August 11, 2017) ABC-Mart - Asics/Asics GEL-PROMESA (January 25, 2018) Daily Yamazaki (February 2018) Radio drama FM Radio Drama Retake Sixteen - Starring Saori Komine (NHK FM, 26 August 2013 - 13 September 2013) Music videos Tatsuro Yamashita - Cheer Up! The Summer (2016) MOROHA - Revolution (2018) Mr. Children - Gravity and Breath (2018) References ^ "吉永淳、大阪が生んだ超新星…映画ヒロインに！". sponichi.co.jp. December 13, 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-12-14. Retrieved November 6, 2020. ^ "吉永淳". discovery-e.co.jp. Archived from the original on 2015-04-23. Retrieved November 6, 2020. ^ a b "男の世界の"清涼剤"ＮＹ留学で強く進化…「孤狼の血」阿部純子インタビュー". hochi.co.jp. May 5, 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-05-08. Retrieved November 6, 2020. ^ "吉永淳、人気急上昇！ブログアクセス２２万件に激増". hochi.co.jp. February 18, 2016. Archived from the original on 2012-04-23. Retrieved November 6, 2020. ^ Gavin J. Blair (May 7, 2015). "Cannes: 4 Japanese Acting Talents Ready to Go Global". hollywoodreporter.com. Retrieved November 6, 2020. ^ "阿部純子、来春スタートＮＨＫ朝ドラで再スタート". nikkansports.com. November 12, 2015. Retrieved November 6, 2020. ^ Matthew Hernnon (March 7, 2019). "Actress Junko Abe breaks into the world of international films". japantimes.co.jp. Retrieved November 6, 2020. ^ Arielle Busetto (April 16, 2019). "'The Prisoner of Sakura': A Tale of Different Cultures in a Time of War". japan-forward.com. Retrieved November 6, 2020. ^ "The Prisoner of Sakura". jfdb.jp. Retrieved November 6, 2020. ^ "罪の声". eiga.com. Retrieved April 1, 2022. ^ "461個のおべんとう". eiga.com. Retrieved April 1, 2022. ^ "燃えよ剣". eiga.com. Retrieved May 11, 2021. ^ "忠犬パルマの実話もとにした日露合作「ハチとパルマの物語」特報公開". Natalie. Retrieved January 15, 2021. ^ "笠松将×阿部純子共演、幻想的で切ない『リング・ワンダリング』公開へ". Cinema Cafe. 15 June 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021. ^ "はい、泳げません". eiga.com. Retrieved March 1, 2022. ^ "ミス・オオサカ（原題）". eiga.com. Retrieved April 19, 2022. ^ "わたしのお母さん". eiga.com. Retrieved June 24, 2022. External links Official agency profile (in Japanese) Junko Abe at IMDb Junko Abe on X (in Japanese) Junko Abe on Instagram (in Japanese) Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National France BnF data Germany Netherlands Other IdRef
[{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Junko Abe (阿部純子, Abe Junko) (born May 7, 1993) formerly known by her stage name Jun Yoshinaga (吉永淳, Yoshinaga Jun), is a Japanese actress and model.","title":"Junko Abe"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Osaka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osaka"},{"link_name":"Osaka Prefectural Kitano High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osaka_Prefectural_Kitano_High_School"},{"link_name":"Aikido","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikido"},{"link_name":"Japanese dance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_dance"},{"link_name":"scuba diving","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuba_diving"},{"link_name":"brass band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass_band"},{"link_name":"Keio University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keio_University"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"}],"text":"Abe was born on May 7, 1993, in Osaka. She attended at the Osaka Prefectural Kitano High School, where she was part of the Aikido team. While in high school, she was involved in Japanese dance, scuba diving and playing piano. She was also part of the high school brass band, where she played flute. In March 2017, she graduated from the Faculty of Environment and Information Studies at Keio University in Tokyo.[1][2][3]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hankyu Department Store","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hankyu_Department_Store"},{"link_name":"Fuji TV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuji_TV"},{"link_name":"Shion no Ō","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shion_no_%C5%8C"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"},{"link_name":"Perfect Son","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_Son"},{"link_name":"blog","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Still the Water","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still_the_Water"},{"link_name":"Naomi Kawase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Kawase"},{"link_name":"Amami Ōshima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amami_%C5%8Cshima"},{"link_name":"Sakhalin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakhalin"},{"link_name":"Takasaki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takasaki"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"New York University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University"},{"link_name":"NYU Tisch School of the Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYU_Tisch_School_of_the_Arts"},{"link_name":"NHK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK"},{"link_name":"Toto Neechan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toto_Neechan"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"The Prisoner of Sakura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prisoner_of_Sakura"},{"link_name":"Matsuyama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsuyama"},{"link_name":"Ehime Prefecture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehime_Prefecture"},{"link_name":"Russo-Japanese War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War"},{"link_name":"dual role","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_role"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"While at elementary school, she was discovered and signed on by an agent. She made her debut as an advertising model for Hankyu Department Store. In middle school, she worked as a model for a fashion magazine and later worked as an image character for the Fuji TV anime series Shion no Ō.[3]On 2010, she made her acting debut in the movie The Chasing World 2 (リアル鬼ごっこ２), as the heroine. She started using her stage name Jun Yoshinaga. In 2012, she played as one of the main casts in the Japanese comedy-drama television series Perfect Son. As a result of her role in the series, she garnered attention and the number of access to her official blog grew.[4]In 2014, she starred in the movie Still the Water directed by Naomi Kawase. She was selected as the cast for the movie, due to her experience in scuba diving during her time in high school, at \"the beauty of swimming\" audition in Amami Ōshima. For her performance in the movie, she received the Best Actress Award at the Sakhalin International Film Festival and Best New Actress Award at the Takasaki Film Festival.[5][6]In August 2014, Abe took a career break and quit her acting agency to head to the United States for a year to study English and Drama at New York University. While studying at the NYU Tisch School of the Arts, she met her acting agency staff and returned to Japan in 2015.\nFollowing her return to Japan, she started to use her birth name as stage name. Abe auditioned for NHK TV serial Toto Neechan and was cast for the role of heroine's friend, Aya Nakada.[7]On 2019, she starred in movie The Prisoner of Sakura, a Japan-Russia co-production, which was based on the true story of a war prison in Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture, during the Russo-Japanese War. In the movie, she has a dual role.[8][9]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"My Hawaiian Discovery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Hawaiian_Discovery"},{"link_name":"Still the Water","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still_the_Water"},{"link_name":"The Blood of Wolves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blood_of_Wolves"},{"link_name":"Samurai Marathon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samurai_Marathon"},{"link_name":"The Prisoner of Sakura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prisoner_of_Sakura"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Baragaki: Unbroken Samurai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baragaki:_Unbroken_Samurai"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"A Dog Named Palma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Dog_Named_Palma"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Ring Wandering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_Wandering"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Miss Osaka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Osaka"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"sub_title":"Films","text":"The Chasing World 2 (2010) – Sato Ai\nWasao (2011) - Tagawa Maki\nA Man With Style (2011) - Miyata Momoko\nTonnerura de Boo (2011) - Sakiko Toyama\nIn the City of Dawn (2011) - young Nakanishi Akiba\nLifeline (2014) - main role\nMy Hawaiian Discovery (2014) - Mako\nStill the Water (2014) - Kyoko\nHome Away From Home (2014) - Akiko\nThe Limit of Sleeping Beauty (2017) - Maria\nDawn Wind in My Poncho (2017) - Maria\nThe Blood of Wolves (2018) - Momoko Okada\nThe Man From the Sea (2018) - Sachiko\nSamurai Marathon (2018) - Shiori Uesugi\nThe Prisoner of Sakura (2019) - Yui Takeda / Sakurako Takamiya\nI Don't Want to Be Like You (2019)\nDaughters (2020) - Kiyokawa Ayano\nThe Voice of Sin (2020) - young Sone Mayumi[10]\n461 Days of Bento: A Promise Between Father and Son (2020) - Yajima Maka[11]\nBaragaki: Unbroken Samurai (2021) - Itosato[12]\nA Dog Named Palma (2021) - Akita Dog Museum staff[13]\nRing Wandering (2022) - Midori / Kozue[14]\nYes, I Can't Swim (2022) - Namie[15]\nMiss Osaka (2022)[16]\nRemember to Breathe (2022)[17]","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Perfect Son","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_Son"},{"link_name":"Rumic Theater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumic_Theater#Anime"},{"link_name":"Gozen 3-ji no Muhōchitai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gozen_3-ji_no_Muh%C5%8Dchitai"},{"link_name":"Toto Neechan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toto_Neechan"},{"link_name":"A Girl & Three Sweethearts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Girl_%26_Three_Sweethearts"},{"link_name":"Tokyo Vampire Hotel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Vampire_Hotel"},{"link_name":"Ochoyan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochoyan"}],"sub_title":"Television","text":"Drama W Beat (2011) – Terumi Higuchi\nPerfect Son (2012) - Hyouzuka Masako\nRumic Theater (2012) - Hazuki Fuwa\nSpecial Spy Zone (2012) - Kitagawa Natsumi\nGozen 3-ji no Muhōchitai (2013) - Haruka\nIn the Room (2013) - Narukawa Rui\nToto Neechan (2016) - Aya Nakada\nA Girl & Three Sweethearts (2016) - Ishikawa Wakaba\nTales of the Unusual Story Autumn Special Edition (2016) - Natsuki Tokita\nOsaka Kanjousen Part 2 (2017) - Fujimoto Asahi\n4-go Keibi (2017) - Ueno Yu\nI Will Threaten You From Now On (2017) - Momoka Kobashi\nTokyo Vampire Hotel (2017) - Yui\nSwab (2018) - Faculty role\nCaseworker's Diary (2018) - Kataoka Mari\nHeisei Bashiru (2018) - Ayaka Ekuni\nBRIDGE Begins on 1995.1.17 Kobe (2019) - Ritsu Takeda\nFruits Takuhaibin (2019) - Sumomo\nSasurai Onsen (2019) - Yabe Junko\nNo Side Game (2019) - Fujishima Rena\nReally Scary Story (2019) - Asuka Miyazaki\nShiyakusho (2019) - Imoto Midori\nKeiji to Kenji - Shokatsu to Chiken no 24ji (2019) - Ishida Kiriko\nPapa ga Mo Ichido Koi wo Shita (2020) - Kawakami Yukari\nSunday Prime Funny Detective (2020) - Rena Gazuma\nToshishita Kareshi (2020) - Yoko\nTantei Yuri Rintaro (2020) - Kawase Fumino\nDakara Watashi wa Make Suru (2020) - Kawamatsu Yasuko\nOchoyan (2020–21) - Wakasaki Yoko","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"YouTube","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"}],"sub_title":"Online","text":"Nestlé Theater on YouTube \"Day and Night\" (2014) - Shiori Haneda","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Suntory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suntory"},{"link_name":"C.C. Lemon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.C._Lemon"},{"link_name":"Starbucks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks"},{"link_name":"Odakyu Electric Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odakyu_Electric_Railway"},{"link_name":"ABC-Mart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC-Mart"},{"link_name":"Asics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asics"},{"link_name":"Daily Yamazaki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Yamazaki"}],"sub_title":"Commercials","text":"Suntory - C.C. Lemon (April 2011)\nHaruyama Trading Co., Ltd. (February 2013)\nStarbucks\nOdakyu Electric Railway (August 11, 2017)\nABC-Mart - Asics/Asics GEL-PROMESA (January 25, 2018)\nDaily Yamazaki (February 2018)","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"NHK FM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK_FM"}],"sub_title":"Radio drama","text":"FM Radio Drama Retake Sixteen - Starring Saori Komine (NHK FM, 26 August 2013 - 13 September 2013)","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tatsuro Yamashita","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatsuro_Yamashita"},{"link_name":"Cheer Up! The Summer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheer_Up!_The_Summer"},{"link_name":"Mr. Children","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Children"}],"sub_title":"Music videos","text":"Tatsuro Yamashita - Cheer Up! The Summer (2016)\nMOROHA - Revolution (2018)\nMr. Children - Gravity and Breath (2018)","title":"Filmography"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"吉永淳、大阪が生んだ超新星…映画ヒロインに！\". sponichi.co.jp. December 13, 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-12-14. Retrieved November 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091214052257/http://www.sponichi.co.jp/osaka/ente/200912/13/ente226227.html","url_text":"\"吉永淳、大阪が生んだ超新星…映画ヒロインに！\""},{"url":"http://www.sponichi.co.jp/osaka/ente/200912/13/ente226227.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"吉永淳\". discovery-e.co.jp. Archived from the original on 2015-04-23. Retrieved November 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150423060630/http://www.discovery-e.co.jp/model/00485.html","url_text":"\"吉永淳\""},{"url":"http://www.discovery-e.co.jp/model/00485.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"男の世界の\"清涼剤\"ＮＹ留学で強く進化…「孤狼の血」阿部純子インタビュー\". hochi.co.jp. May 5, 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-05-08. Retrieved November 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180508154212/http://www.hochi.co.jp/entertainment/20180504-OHT1T50332.html","url_text":"\"男の世界の\"清涼剤\"ＮＹ留学で強く進化…「孤狼の血」阿部純子インタビュー\""},{"url":"http://www.hochi.co.jp/entertainment/20180504-OHT1T50332.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"吉永淳、人気急上昇！ブログアクセス２２万件に激増\". hochi.co.jp. February 18, 2016. Archived from the original on 2012-04-23. Retrieved November 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120423064431/http://hochi.yomiuri.co.jp/entertainment/news/20120217-OHT1T00264.html","url_text":"\"吉永淳、人気急上昇！ブログアクセス２２万件に激増\""},{"url":"http://hochi.yomiuri.co.jp/entertainment/news/20120217-OHT1T00264.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Gavin J. Blair (May 7, 2015). \"Cannes: 4 Japanese Acting Talents Ready to Go Global\". hollywoodreporter.com. Retrieved November 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/cannes-4-japanese-acting-talents-ready-go-global-1109436","url_text":"\"Cannes: 4 Japanese Acting Talents Ready to Go Global\""}]},{"reference":"\"阿部純子、来春スタートＮＨＫ朝ドラで再スタート\". nikkansports.com. November 12, 2015. Retrieved November 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/cannes-4-japanese-acting-talents-ready-go-global-1109436","url_text":"\"阿部純子、来春スタートＮＨＫ朝ドラで再スタート\""}]},{"reference":"Matthew Hernnon (March 7, 2019). \"Actress Junko Abe breaks into the world of international films\". japantimes.co.jp. Retrieved November 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2019/03/07/films/breaking-world-international-films-actress-junko-abe/","url_text":"\"Actress Junko Abe breaks into the world of international films\""}]},{"reference":"Arielle Busetto (April 16, 2019). \"'The Prisoner of Sakura': A Tale of Different Cultures in a Time of War\". japan-forward.com. Retrieved November 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://japan-forward.com/the-prisoner-of-sakura-a-tale-of-different-cultures-in-a-time-of-war/","url_text":"\"'The Prisoner of Sakura': A Tale of Different Cultures in a Time of War\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Prisoner of Sakura\". jfdb.jp. Retrieved November 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://jfdb.jp/en/title/8372","url_text":"\"The Prisoner of Sakura\""}]},{"reference":"\"罪の声\". eiga.com. Retrieved April 1, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://eiga.com/movie/91122/","url_text":"\"罪の声\""}]},{"reference":"\"461個のおべんとう\". eiga.com. Retrieved April 1, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://eiga.com/movie/92070/","url_text":"\"461個のおべんとう\""}]},{"reference":"\"燃えよ剣\". eiga.com. Retrieved May 11, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://eiga.com/movie/90757/","url_text":"\"燃えよ剣\""}]},{"reference":"\"忠犬パルマの実話もとにした日露合作「ハチとパルマの物語」特報公開\". Natalie. Retrieved January 15, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/412475","url_text":"\"忠犬パルマの実話もとにした日露合作「ハチとパルマの物語」特報公開\""}]},{"reference":"\"笠松将×阿部純子共演、幻想的で切ない『リング・ワンダリング』公開へ\". Cinema Cafe. 15 June 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2021/06/15/73358.html","url_text":"\"笠松将×阿部純子共演、幻想的で切ない『リング・ワンダリング』公開へ\""}]},{"reference":"\"はい、泳げません\". eiga.com. Retrieved March 1, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://eiga.com/movie/96556/","url_text":"\"はい、泳げません\""}]},{"reference":"\"ミス・オオサカ（原題）\". eiga.com. Retrieved April 19, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://eiga.com/movie/96623/","url_text":"\"ミス・オオサカ（原題）\""}]},{"reference":"\"わたしのお母さん\". eiga.com. Retrieved June 24, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://eiga.com/movie/92747/","url_text":"\"わたしのお母さん\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tail_packing
Block suballocation
["1 Rationale","2 Suballocation schemes","2.1 Tail packing","3 Efficiency","4 See also","5 References"]
Filesystem feature Block suballocation is a feature of some computer file systems which allows large blocks or allocation units to be used while making efficient use of empty space at the end of large files, space which would otherwise be lost for other use to internal fragmentation. In file systems that don't support fragments, this feature is also called tail merging or tail packing because it is commonly done by packing the "tail", or last partial block, of multiple files into a single block. Rationale File systems have traditionally divided the disk into equally sized blocks to simplify their design and limit the worst-case fragmentation. Block sizes are typically multiples of 512 bytes due to the size of hard disk sectors. When files are allocated by some traditional file systems, only whole blocks can be allocated to individual files. But as file sizes are often not multiples of the file system block size, this design inherently results in the last blocks of files (called tails) occupying only a part of the block, resulting in what is called internal fragmentation (not to be confused with external fragmentation). This waste of space can be significant if the file system stores many small files and can become critical when attempting to use higher block sizes to improve performance. UFS and other derived UNIX file systems support fragments which greatly mitigate this effect. Suballocation schemes Block suballocation addresses this problem by dividing up a tail block in some way to allow it to store fragments from other files. Some block suballocation schemes can perform allocation at the byte level; most, however, simply divide up the block into smaller ones (the divisor usually being some power of 2). For example, if a 38 KiB file is to be stored in a file system using 32 KiB blocks, the file would normally span two blocks, or 64 KiB, for storage; the remaining 26 KiB of the second block becomes unused slack space. With an 8 KiB block suballocation, however, the file would occupy just 6 KiB of the second block, leave 2 KiB (of the 8 KiB suballocation block) slack and free the other 24 KiB of the block for other files. Tail packing Some file systems have since been designed to take advantage of this unused space, and can pack the tails of several files in a single shared tail block. While this may, at first, seem like it would significantly increase file system fragmentation, the negative effect can be mitigated with readahead features on modern operating systems – when dealing with short files, several tails may be close enough to each another to be read together, and thus a disk seek is not introduced. Such file systems often employ heuristics in order to determine whether tail packing is worthwhile in a given situation, and defragmentation software may use a more evolved heuristic. Efficiency In some scenarios where the majority of files are shorter than half the block size, such as in a folder of small source code files or small bitmap images, tail packing can increase storage efficiency even more than twofold, compared to file systems without tail packing. This not only translates into conservation of disk space, but may also introduce performance increases, as due to higher locality of reference, less data has to be read, also translating into higher page cache efficiency. However, these advantages can be negated by the increased complexity of implementation. As of 2015, the most widely used read-write file systems with support for block suballocation are Btrfs and FreeBSD UFS2 (where it is called "block level fragmentation"). ReiserFS and Reiser4 also support tail packing. Several read-only file systems do not use blocks at all and are thus implicitly using space as efficiently as suballocating file systems; such file systems double as archive formats. See also File system Internal fragmentation Locality of reference Comparison of file systems References ^ U.S. patent 6,041,407 (Fundamental patent.) ^ Hans Reiser (2001). "Hard Disk usage, ReiserFS and Ext2fs". Archived from the original on 13 November 2006. Retrieved 14 December 2006. ^ Hans Reiser (2001). "ReiserFS file system design". Archived from the original on 13 November 2006. Retrieved 14 December 2006. ^ Hervey, Allen (20 June 2005). "Introduction to FreeBSD, PacNOG I Workshop, Additional Topics, UFS2 and Soft Updates make for a powerful combination" (PDF). PacNOG I. p. 23. Retrieved 22 July 2012. Daniel Robbins (1 August 2001). "Advanced filesystem implementor's guide, Part 2". Common threads, IBM. Retrieved 14 December 2006.
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Block sizes are typically multiples of 512 bytes due to the size of hard disk sectors. When files are allocated by some traditional file systems, only whole blocks can be allocated to individual files. But as file sizes are often not multiples of the file system block size, this design inherently results in the last blocks of files (called tails) occupying only a part of the block, resulting in what is called internal fragmentation (not to be confused with external fragmentation). This waste of space can be significant if the file system stores many small files and can become critical when attempting to use higher block sizes to improve performance. UFS and other derived UNIX file systems support fragments [citation needed] which greatly mitigate this effect.","title":"Rationale"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"KiB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte"},{"link_name":"file system","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system"}],"text":"Block suballocation addresses this problem by dividing up a tail block in some way to allow it to store fragments from other files.Some block suballocation schemes can perform allocation at the byte level; most, however, simply divide up the block into smaller ones (the divisor usually being some power of 2). For example, if a 38 KiB file is to be stored in a file system using 32 KiB blocks, the file would normally span two blocks, or 64 KiB, for storage; the remaining 26 KiB of the second block becomes unused slack space. With an 8 KiB block suballocation, however, the file would occupy just 6 KiB of the second block, leave 2 KiB (of the 8 KiB suballocation block) slack and free the other 24 KiB of the block for other files.","title":"Suballocation schemes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"readahead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readahead"},{"link_name":"operating systems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system"},{"link_name":"disk seek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_seek"},{"link_name":"heuristics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic_(computer_science)"},{"link_name":"defragmentation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defragmentation"}],"sub_title":"Tail packing","text":"Some file systems have since been designed to take advantage of this unused space, and can pack the tails of several files in a single shared tail block. While this may, at first, seem like it would significantly increase file system fragmentation, the negative effect can be mitigated with readahead features on modern operating systems – when dealing with short files, several tails may be close enough to each another to be read together, and thus a disk seek is not introduced. Such file systems often employ heuristics in order to determine whether tail packing is worthwhile in a given situation,\nand defragmentation software may use a more evolved heuristic.","title":"Suballocation schemes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"source code","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-reiserfs-space-2"},{"link_name":"locality of reference","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locality_of_reference"},{"link_name":"page cache","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_cache"},{"link_name":"implementation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implementation"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Block_suballocation&action=edit"},{"link_name":"Btrfs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs"},{"link_name":"FreeBSD UFS2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_File_System#Implementations"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"block level fragmentation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_File_System#History_and_evolution"},{"link_name":"ReiserFS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReiserFS"},{"link_name":"Reiser4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiser4"},{"link_name":"archive formats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_archiver"}],"text":"In some scenarios where the majority of files are shorter than half the block size, such as in a folder of small source code files or small bitmap images, tail packing can increase storage efficiency even more than twofold, compared to file systems without tail packing.[2]This not only translates into conservation of disk space, but may also introduce performance increases, as due to higher locality of reference, less data has to be read, also translating into higher page cache efficiency. However, these advantages can be negated by the increased complexity of implementation.[3]As of 2015[update], the most widely used read-write file systems with support for block suballocation are Btrfs and FreeBSD UFS2[4] (where it is called \"block level fragmentation\"). ReiserFS and Reiser4 also support tail packing.Several read-only file systems do not use blocks at all and are thus implicitly using space as efficiently as suballocating file systems; such file systems double as archive formats.","title":"Efficiency"}]
[]
[{"title":"File system","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system"},{"title":"Internal fragmentation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_fragmentation"},{"title":"Locality of reference","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locality_of_reference"},{"title":"Comparison of file systems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_file_systems#Allocation_and_layout_policies"}]
[{"reference":"Hans Reiser (2001). \"Hard Disk usage, ReiserFS and Ext2fs\". Archived from the original on 13 November 2006. Retrieved 14 December 2006.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Reiser","url_text":"Hans Reiser"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20061113155043/http://www.namesys.com/disk_usage.html","url_text":"\"Hard Disk usage, ReiserFS and Ext2fs\""},{"url":"http://www.namesys.com/disk_usage.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Hans Reiser (2001). \"ReiserFS file system design\". Archived from the original on 13 November 2006. Retrieved 14 December 2006.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Reiser","url_text":"Hans Reiser"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20061113154730/http://www.namesys.com/X0reiserfs.html","url_text":"\"ReiserFS file system design\""},{"url":"http://www.namesys.com/X0reiserfs.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Hervey, Allen (20 June 2005). \"Introduction to FreeBSD, PacNOG I Workshop, Additional Topics, UFS2 and Soft Updates make for a powerful combination\" (PDF). PacNOG I. p. 23. Retrieved 22 July 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pacnog.org/pacnog1/day1/freebsd/intro-freebsd-additional-topics.pdf","url_text":"\"Introduction to FreeBSD, PacNOG I Workshop, Additional Topics, UFS2 and Soft Updates make for a powerful combination\""}]},{"reference":"Daniel Robbins (1 August 2001). \"Advanced filesystem implementor's guide, Part 2\". Common threads, IBM. Retrieved 14 December 2006.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Robbins_(computer_programmer)","url_text":"Daniel Robbins"},{"url":"http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-fs2.html","url_text":"\"Advanced filesystem implementor's guide, Part 2\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM","url_text":"IBM"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Fund_for_Strategic_Investments
InvestEU
["1 References","2 External links"]
The InvestEU Programme, until 2021 known as the European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI), also called the Juncker Plan, is an initiative of EIB Group and the European Commission aimed at boosting the economy through mobilising private financing for strategic investments. EFSI was established in 2015 through the EU Regulation 2015/1017. EFSI is one of the three pillars of the Investment Plan for Europe. EFSI is a EUR 16 billion guarantee from the EU budget plus EUR 5 billion from the EIB’s own capital. EFSI has been integrated into the EIB Group and projects supported by EFSI are subject to the normal EIB project cycle and governance. Economists predict that the programme's investments will raise EU GDP by 1.9 trillion and generate 1.8 million jobs by 2022, relative to the baseline scenario. References ^ "What is the European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI)?". Eib.europa.eu. 2016-11-17. Retrieved 2017-01-16. ^ Regulation (EU) 2015/1017 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 June 2015 on the European Fund for Strategic Investments, the European Investment Advisory Hub and the European Investment Project Portal and amending Regulations (EU) No 1291/2013 and (EU) No 1316/2013 — the European Fund for Strategic Investments ^ "Investment Plan | European Commission". Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2017-01-16. ^ Spiegel, Peter (26 November 2014). "Juncker defends launches funding method for €315bn infrastructure projects". Financial Times. ^ "Juncker reveals giant EU investment plan - BBC News". BBC News. 26 November 2014. Retrieved 2017-01-16. ^ "Making the EFSI a solution for investments in Europe –". Euractiv.com. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2017-01-16. ^ "EIB Group impact: Boosting GDP and jobs". EIB.org. Retrieved 2021-05-17. External links Official website This article about the European Union is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte vteFunding programmes of the European UnionEU funding oversight and accountability institutionsFunding oversight and accountability institutions Internal Audit Service of the Commission Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council European Anti-Fraud Office European Court of Auditors European Public Prosecutor's Office European Structural and Investment FundsCohesion Policy ESIFs European Regional Development Fund (including Interreg and the ERDF CLLD) Cohesion Fund European Social Fund Plus (including the EFS+ CLLD) Common Agricultural Policy ESIF European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (including EAFRD CLLD) Common Fisheries Policy ESIF European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (including the EMFAF CLLD) Sustainable Europe Investment Plan fundsEuropean Green Deal funds Just Transition Fund Innovation Fund Modernisation Fund Common Foreign and Security Policy fundsCommon Security and Defence Policy fund European Defence Fund Enlargement Policy fund Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance Neighbourhood Policy and Global Strategy fund Global Europe Area of freedom, security and justice fundsMigration & home affairs funds Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund Internal Security Fund Integrated Border Management Fund Justice & fundamental rights funds Justice, Rights and Values Fund Banking union fundsSingle Resolution Mechanism funds Single Resolution Fund Stability and Growth Pact fundsEuropean Fiscal Compact funds European Stability Mechanism Next Generation EU and other European Union fundsNext Generation EU and other EU funds European Agricultural Guarantee Fund Connecting Europe Facility Creative Europe Digital Europe Programme European Union Space Programme European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers European Union Solidarity Fund InvestEU Erasmus+ LIFE programme Horizon Europe EU4Health RescEU REACT-EU
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"Economists predict that the programme's investments will raise EU GDP by 1.9 trillion and generate 1.8 million jobs by 2022, relative to the baseline scenario.[7]","title":"InvestEU"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"What is the European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI)?\". Eib.europa.eu. 2016-11-17. Retrieved 2017-01-16.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.eib.europa.eu/efsi/what-is-efsi/index.htm","url_text":"\"What is the European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI)?\""}]},{"reference":"\"Investment Plan | European Commission\". Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2017-01-16.","urls":[{"url":"https://ec.europa.eu/priorities/jobs-growth-and-investment/investment-plan_en","url_text":"\"Investment Plan | European Commission\""}]},{"reference":"Spiegel, Peter (26 November 2014). \"Juncker defends launches funding method for €315bn infrastructure projects\". Financial Times.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ft.com/content/8539ed1a-754c-11e4-b1bf-00144feabdc0","url_text":"\"Juncker defends launches funding method for €315bn infrastructure projects\""}]},{"reference":"\"Juncker reveals giant EU investment plan - BBC News\". BBC News. 26 November 2014. Retrieved 2017-01-16.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30205776","url_text":"\"Juncker reveals giant EU investment plan - BBC News\""}]},{"reference":"\"Making the EFSI a solution for investments in Europe –\". Euractiv.com. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2017-01-16.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.euractiv.com/section/euro-finance/opinion/making-the-efsi-a-solution-for-investments-in-europe/","url_text":"\"Making the EFSI a solution for investments in Europe –\""}]},{"reference":"\"EIB Group impact: Boosting GDP and jobs\". EIB.org. Retrieved 2021-05-17.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.eib.org/en/about/key-figures/eib-impacts/index.htm","url_text":"\"EIB Group impact: Boosting GDP and jobs\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_a_Wish_(musical)
Make a Wish (musical)
["1 Song list","2 References","3 External links"]
1951 Broadway stage musical For other uses, see Make A Wish (disambiguation). Make a WishLP coverMusicHugh MartinLyricsHugh MartinBookPreston Sturges Abe Burrows (uncredited)BasisFerenc MolnárThe Good Fairy (play)Preston SturgesThe Good Fairy (screenplay)Productions1951 Broadway Make a Wish is a musical with a book by Preston Sturges and Abe Burrows, who was not credited, and music and lyrics by Hugh Martin. Based on Sturges' screenplay for the 1935 film The Good Fairy, which in turn is based on the 1930 play of the same name by Ferenc Molnár as translated by Jane Hinton, the musical focuses on Janette, who experiences various adventures, including love with young artist Paul Dumont, when she abandons her tour group during a visit to Paris. Sturges' primary motivation for writing the book was financial, as he was deeply in debt at the time. The musical opened on Broadway on April 18, 1951 at the Winter Garden Theatre where it ran for a total of 102 performances until it closed on July 14, 1951. The production was produced by Harry Rigby, Jule Styne and Alexander H. Cohen; staged by John C. Wilson; and choreographed by Gower Champion. Raoul Pène Du Bois designed the sets, lights, and costumes for the production. The original cast included Nanette Fabray as Janette, Harold Lang as Ricky, Melville Cooper as Marius Frigo, Stephen Douglass as Paul Dumont, Helen Gallagher as Poupette, Phil Leeds as Dr. Francel, Eda Heinemann as Dr. Didier, and Howard Wendell as the policeman. Song list Act I The Tour Must Go On I Wanna Be Good'n Bad The Time Step (You're Just) What I Was Warned About Who Gives a Sou? Folies Labiche Overture (Hello, Hello, Hello) Tonight You Are in Paree When Does This Feeling Go Away Suits Me Fine Students Ball Paris, France Act II That Face! Make a Wish I'll Never Make a Frenchman Out of You Over and Over The Sale (Ballet) Over and Over (Reprise) Who Gives a Sou? (Reprise) Take Me Back to Texas With You Suits Me Fine (Reprise) Finale References Notes ^ Sturges, Preston; Sturges, Sandy (adapt. & ed.) (1991), Preston Sturges on Preston Sturges, Boston: Faber & Faber, ISBN 0-571-16425-0, p.319 External links Listen to this article (2 minutes) This audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 16 August 2019 (2019-08-16), and does not reflect subsequent edits.(Audio help · More spoken articles)Make A Wish (Original Broadway Cast Recording, RCA Victor 14-0006) at https://archive.org/details/78_1-take-me-back-to-texas-with-you-2-make-a-wish-finale_dean-campbell-and-chorus_gbia8003097 ​Make a Wish​ at the Internet Broadway Database ​The Good Fairy (play)​ at the Internet Broadway Database The Good Fairy (film) at IMDb vtePreston SturgesFilmWrittenand directed The Great McGinty (1940) Christmas in July (1940) The Lady Eve (1941) Sullivan's Travels (1941) The Palm Beach Story (1942) The Miracle of Morgan's Creek (1944) Hail the Conquering Hero (1944) The Great Moment (1944) The Sin of Harold Diddlebock (1947) Unfaithfully Yours (1948) The Beautiful Blonde from Bashful Bend (1949) Vendetta (uncredited, 1950) The French, They Are a Funny Race (1955) Written only The Big Pond (dialogue, 1930) Fast and Loose (add'l dialogue, 1930) Strictly Dishonorable (play, 1931) They Just Had to Get Married (uncredited, 1932) Child of Manhattan (play, 1933) The Power and the Glory (1933) Twentieth Century (uncredited, 1934) Thirty-Day Princess (1934) We Live Again (adapter, 1934) Imitation of Life (uncredited, 1934) The Good Fairy (1935) Diamond Jim (1935) Next Time We Love (uncredited, 1936) Love Before Breakfast (uncredited, 1936) One Rainy Afternoon (lyrics, 1936) Hotel Haywire (1937) Easy Living (1937) College Swing (uncredited, 1938) Port of Seven Seas (1938) If I Were King (1938) Never Say Die (1939) Remember the Night (1940) New York Town (uncredited, 1941) Safeguarding Military Information (1942) I'll Be Yours (1947) Strictly Dishonorable (play, 1951) The Birds and the Bees (prev. screenplay, 1956) Rock-A-Bye Baby (prev. screenplay, 1958) Unfaithfully Yours (prev. screenplay, 1984) Plays The Guinea Pig Strictly Dishonorable Recapture The Well of Romance A Cup of Coffee Child of Manhattan Make a Wish Carnival in Flanders Related List of actors who frequently worked with Preston Sturges I Married a Witch
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[{}]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettencourt
Bettencourt
["1 Variants of the name","2 Family history","3 People with the surname","3.1 Bettencourt","3.2 Betancourt","3.3 Bethancourt","3.4 Béthencourt","3.5 Bittencourt","3.6 Other variants","4 See also","5 References"]
Not to be confused with Bettincourt. BettencourtArms of the Bettencourt family.Current regionAzores, Brazil, Canary Islands, France, Madeira, UruguayEarlier spellingsBéthencourtEtymologyToponymic name meaning Betten's EstatePlace of originNormandyEstate(s)Bettencourt PalaceMadre de Deus Manor The Bettencourt family is a French noble family of Norman origin. The head of the family in the 14th century, Jean de Béthencourt, organized an expedition to conquer the Canary Islands, resulting in his being made King of the Canary Islands. Though the royal title would be short-lived, it allowed the family to firmly establish itself afterwards in the Azores and Madeira islands. The family is one of the most expansive and established families of the Portuguese nobility, as well as the Spanish nobility. Through the expansion of the Portuguese Empire and Spanish Crown, the family and name spread across the world, mainly throughout Iberian America (Portuguese America and Spanish America), as well as Portuguese Africa. Variants of the name Though the spelling Bettencourt is the most widely used and standardized spelling of the family, both in Portuguese and French, other spellings of the name have arisen. Some of these spellings include: Bethancourt/Betancourt, Bettencourt, Béthencourt, Bentancour, Bentancourt, Betancoor, Betancur, Betancurt, Betancurth, Betancor, Betancurt, Betencur, Betancor, Bentancour, Bethancourth and Bittencourt. Family history Communes of France ending with -court Coat of arms above the main entrance of Bettencourt Palace, Angra do Heroísmo Bettencourt and Betancourt are originally place-names in Northern France. The place-name element -court ("courtyard, courtyard of a farm, farm") is typical of the French provinces, where the Frankish settlements formed an important part of the local population. It is a Gallo-Roman calque from the Old Low Franconian word *hof, meaning "courtyard", "courtyard of a farm", "farm" (Dutch, Old English hof, German Hof "courtyard", "farm"). Bettencourt and Béthencourt correspond with Bettenhoffen, Bettenhof or Bettenhoven found in Alsace, Germany or Flanders cf. the Belgian town of Bettincourt called in Dutch Bettenhoven. The first part Betten- is the Germanic personal name (owner's name) Betto. The surname Bettencourt/Béthencourt with various spellings extended throughout Spain, Portugal and their colonies, after the Norman-French explorer Jean de Béthencourt, who conquered the Canary Islands for Spain and received the title King of the Canary Islands. To this day, Betancourt and other forms of this surname are quite frequent among Canary Islanders and people of Canary Islander descent, thanks to the offspring of Béthencourt's nephews who followed him in his conquest, especially Maciot de Bethencourt who acted as King of the Canary Islands after his uncle had returned to France. Examples include former Cuban president Salvador Cisneros Betancourt, who also was Marquess of Santa Lucía, former Colombian president Belisario Betancur, former Venezuelan president Rómulo Betancourt, and Hermano Pedro de San José de Betancurt, a saint of the Catholic Church. Other modern notables are Venezuelan baseball player Rafael Betancourt, Azorean (Portuguese)-born American musician Nuno Bettencourt, Colombian-French activist/politician Ingrid Betancourt and Uruguayan activist Walner Ademir Bentancour Garin, disappeared by the Uruguayan and Argentinian military juntas in 1976. People with the surname Bettencourt André Bettencourt – French politician, served as Foreign Minister under President Georges Pompidou D.J. Bettencourt – American politician Diogo de Barcelos Machado Bettencourt – Portuguese magistrate and politician João de Bettencourt de Vasconcelos – Portuguese nobleman and governor Liliane Bettencourt – French businesswoman, majority shareholder of L'Oréal, richest woman in history Nuno Bettencourt – Portuguese-born American musician Paul Bettencourt – American politician, currently Texas Senator from the 7th district Tiago Bettencourt – Portuguese singer-songwriter Betancourt Carlos Betancourt – American artist Carmelo Betancourt – Puerto Rican basketball player Jeanne Betancourt – American author Kim Betancourt – American publisher John Gregory Betancourt – science fiction writer Mick Betancourt – writer Philip Betancourt – American Archaeologist Nelson Betancourt – West Indian cricketer Porfirio Armando Betancourt – Honduran footballer Rafael Betancourt – Major League Baseball pitcher for the Colorado Rockies Rómulo Betancourt – 47th and 54th President of Venezuela Sterling Betancourt (born 1930) – Trinidadian musician Michael Betancourt – critical theorist, art and film historian, and animator Peter of Saint Joseph Betancur, Spanish saint and missionary Agustín de Betancourt (1758–1825) – prominent Spanish structural engineer, educator, and urban planner Íngrid Betancourt – French-Colombian politician Christian Rogelio Benítez Betancourt – Ecuadorian footballer Alfredo Betancourt (1914–2013) – Salvadoran writer Gabriel Betancourt – Colombian politician and father of Íngrid Betancourt Bethancourt See Bethancourt Béthencourt See Béthencourt Bittencourt See Bittencourt Other variants Belisario Betancur (1923–2018) – Colombian conservative politician who served as the 26th President of Colombia Carmelo Bentancur (1899–?), Uruguayan soldier and fencer Diego Betancur Álvarez – Ambassador of Colombia to Australia Jorge Betancur – Nicaraguan footballer Rubén Bentancourt – Uruguayan footballer Rodrigo Bentancur – Uruguayan footballer See also Betancuria, municipality in the Canary Islands, Spain Bettencourt-Rivière, a French commune in the Somme department Bettencourt-Saint-Ouen, a French commune in the Somme department Béthencourt (disambiguation) References ^ Maurits Gysseling, Toponymisch Woordenboek van België, Nederland, Luxemburg, Noord-Frankrijk en West-Duitsland (vóór 1226), 1960, p. 135 (Dutch, French and German) ^ Gysseling 135 ^ Albert Dauzat et Charles Rostaing, Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de lieu en France, Librairie Guénégaud, 1979, Paris, ISBN 2-85023-076-6, p. 78b – 79a. Surname listThis page lists people with the surname Bettencourt. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bettincourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettincourt"},{"link_name":"French noble family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_nobility"},{"link_name":"Jean de Béthencourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_de_B%C3%A9thencourt"},{"link_name":"conquer the Canary Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands"},{"link_name":"King of the Canary Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Canary_Islands"},{"link_name":"Azores","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores"},{"link_name":"Madeira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeira"},{"link_name":"Portuguese nobility","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_nobility"},{"link_name":"Spanish nobility","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_nobility"},{"link_name":"Portuguese Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire"},{"link_name":"Spanish Crown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Crown"},{"link_name":"Iberian America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_America"},{"link_name":"Portuguese America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_America"},{"link_name":"Spanish America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_America"},{"link_name":"Portuguese Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Africa_(disambiguation)"}],"text":"Not to be confused with Bettincourt.The Bettencourt family is a French noble family of Norman origin. The head of the family in the 14th century, Jean de Béthencourt, organized an expedition to conquer the Canary Islands, resulting in his being made King of the Canary Islands. Though the royal title would be short-lived, it allowed the family to firmly establish itself afterwards in the Azores and Madeira islands. The family is one of the most expansive and established families of the Portuguese nobility, as well as the Spanish nobility.Through the expansion of the Portuguese Empire and Spanish Crown, the family and name spread across the world, mainly throughout Iberian America (Portuguese America and Spanish America), as well as Portuguese Africa.","title":"Bettencourt"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Portuguese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language"},{"link_name":"French","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language"},{"link_name":"Bethancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethancourt"}],"text":"Though the spelling Bettencourt is the most widely used and standardized spelling of the family, both in Portuguese and French, other spellings of the name have arisen. Some of these spellings include: Bethancourt/Betancourt, Bettencourt, Béthencourt, Bentancour, Bentancourt, Betancoor, Betancur, Betancurt, Betancurth, Betancor, Betancurt, Betencur, Betancor, Bentancour, Bethancourth and Bittencourt.","title":"Variants of the name"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Communes_of_France_ending_with_-court.svg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pal%C3%A1cio_Bettencourt_coat_of_arms.jpg"},{"link_name":"Bettencourt Palace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettencourt_Palace"},{"link_name":"Angra do Heroísmo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo"},{"link_name":"Frankish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks"},{"link_name":"calque","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calque"},{"link_name":"Old Low Franconian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Low_Franconian"},{"link_name":"Alsace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace"},{"link_name":"Flanders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flanders"},{"link_name":"Bettincourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettincourt"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Jean de Béthencourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_de_B%C3%A9thencourt"},{"link_name":"Canary Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_Islands"},{"link_name":"Canary Islanders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_Islander"},{"link_name":"Belisario Betancur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belisario_Betancur"},{"link_name":"Rómulo Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"Hermano Pedro de San José de Betancurt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermano_Pedro_de_San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Betancurt"},{"link_name":"saint","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint"},{"link_name":"Catholic Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church"},{"link_name":"Rafael Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"Azorean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores"},{"link_name":"Nuno Bettencourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuno_Bettencourt"},{"link_name":"Ingrid Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrid_Betancourt"}],"text":"Communes of France ending with -courtCoat of arms above the main entrance of Bettencourt Palace, Angra do HeroísmoBettencourt and Betancourt are originally place-names in Northern France. The place-name element -court (\"courtyard, courtyard of a farm, farm\") is typical of the French provinces, where the Frankish settlements formed an important part of the local population. It is a Gallo-Roman calque from the Old Low Franconian word *hof, meaning \"courtyard\", \"courtyard of a farm\", \"farm\" (Dutch, Old English hof, German Hof \"courtyard\", \"farm\").Bettencourt and Béthencourt correspond with Bettenhoffen, Bettenhof or Bettenhoven found in Alsace, Germany or Flanders cf. the Belgian town of Bettincourt called in Dutch Bettenhoven.[1]The first part Betten- is the Germanic personal name (owner's name) Betto.[2][3]The surname Bettencourt/Béthencourt with various spellings extended throughout Spain, Portugal and their colonies, after the Norman-French explorer Jean de Béthencourt, who conquered the Canary Islands for Spain and received the title King of the Canary Islands.To this day, Betancourt and other forms of this surname are quite frequent among Canary Islanders and people of Canary Islander descent, thanks to the offspring of Béthencourt's nephews who followed him in his conquest, especially Maciot de Bethencourt who acted as King of the Canary Islands after his uncle had returned to France.Examples include former Cuban president Salvador Cisneros Betancourt, who also was Marquess of Santa Lucía, former Colombian president Belisario Betancur, former Venezuelan president Rómulo Betancourt, and Hermano Pedro de San José de Betancurt, a saint of the Catholic Church. Other modern notables are Venezuelan baseball player Rafael Betancourt, Azorean (Portuguese)-born American musician Nuno Bettencourt, Colombian-French activist/politician Ingrid Betancourt and Uruguayan activist Walner Ademir Bentancour Garin, disappeared by the Uruguayan and Argentinian military juntas in 1976.","title":"Family history"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"People with the surname"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"André Bettencourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bettencourt"},{"link_name":"Foreign Minister","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Development_(France)"},{"link_name":"Georges Pompidou","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Pompidou"},{"link_name":"D.J. Bettencourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.J._Bettencourt"},{"link_name":"Diogo de Barcelos Machado Bettencourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diogo_de_Barcelos_Machado_Bettencourt"},{"link_name":"João de Bettencourt de Vasconcelos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Bettencourt_de_Vasconcelos"},{"link_name":"Liliane Bettencourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liliane_Bettencourt"},{"link_name":"L'Oréal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al"},{"link_name":"Nuno Bettencourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuno_Bettencourt"},{"link_name":"Paul Bettencourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Bettencourt"},{"link_name":"Tiago Bettencourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiago_Bettencourt"}],"sub_title":"Bettencourt","text":"André Bettencourt – French politician, served as Foreign Minister under President Georges Pompidou\nD.J. Bettencourt – American politician\nDiogo de Barcelos Machado Bettencourt – Portuguese magistrate and politician\nJoão de Bettencourt de Vasconcelos – Portuguese nobleman and governor\nLiliane Bettencourt – French businesswoman, majority shareholder of L'Oréal, richest woman in history\nNuno Bettencourt – Portuguese-born American musician\nPaul Bettencourt – American politician, currently Texas Senator from the 7th district\nTiago Bettencourt – Portuguese singer-songwriter","title":"People with the surname"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Carlos Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Betancourt_(artist)"},{"link_name":"Carmelo Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmelo_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"Jeanne Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"Kim Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"John Gregory Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gregory_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"Mick Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mick_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"Philip Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"Archaeologist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeologist"},{"link_name":"Nelson Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"West Indian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Indian"},{"link_name":"cricketer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricketer"},{"link_name":"Porfirio Armando Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porfirio_Armando_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"Rafael Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"Major League Baseball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball"},{"link_name":"pitcher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitcher"},{"link_name":"Colorado Rockies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Rockies"},{"link_name":"Rómulo Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"President of Venezuela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Venezuela"},{"link_name":"Sterling Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"Michael Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"critical theorist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_theorist"},{"link_name":"Peter of Saint Joseph Betancur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_of_Saint_Joseph_Betancur"},{"link_name":"Agustín de Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_de_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"structural engineer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineer"},{"link_name":"urban planner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_planner"},{"link_name":"Íngrid Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dngrid_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"Christian Rogelio Benítez Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Ben%C3%ADtez"},{"link_name":"Alfredo Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Betancourt"},{"link_name":"Gabriel Betancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Betancourt"}],"sub_title":"Betancourt","text":"Carlos Betancourt – American artist\nCarmelo Betancourt – Puerto Rican basketball player\nJeanne Betancourt – American author\nKim Betancourt – American publisher\nJohn Gregory Betancourt – science fiction writer\nMick Betancourt – writer\nPhilip Betancourt – American Archaeologist\nNelson Betancourt – West Indian cricketer\nPorfirio Armando Betancourt – Honduran footballer\nRafael Betancourt – Major League Baseball pitcher for the Colorado Rockies\nRómulo Betancourt – 47th and 54th President of Venezuela\nSterling Betancourt (born 1930) – Trinidadian musician\nMichael Betancourt – critical theorist, art and film historian, and animator\nPeter of Saint Joseph Betancur, Spanish saint and missionary\nAgustín de Betancourt (1758–1825) – prominent Spanish structural engineer, educator, and urban planner\nÍngrid Betancourt – French-Colombian politician\nChristian Rogelio Benítez Betancourt – Ecuadorian footballer\nAlfredo Betancourt (1914–2013) – Salvadoran writer\nGabriel Betancourt – Colombian politician and father of Íngrid Betancourt","title":"People with the surname"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bethancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethancourt"}],"sub_title":"Bethancourt","text":"See Bethancourt","title":"People with the surname"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Béthencourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9thencourt_(disambiguation)"}],"sub_title":"Béthencourt","text":"See Béthencourt","title":"People with the surname"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bittencourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittencourt"}],"sub_title":"Bittencourt","text":"See Bittencourt","title":"People with the surname"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Belisario Betancur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belisario_Betancur"},{"link_name":"conservative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombian_Conservative_Party"},{"link_name":"President of Colombia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Colombia"},{"link_name":"Carmelo Bentancur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmelo_Bentancur"},{"link_name":"Diego Betancur Álvarez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Betancur_%C3%81lvarez"},{"link_name":"Jorge Betancur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Betancur"},{"link_name":"Rubén Bentancourt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Bentancourt"},{"link_name":"Rodrigo Bentancur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Bentancur"}],"sub_title":"Other variants","text":"Belisario Betancur (1923–2018) – Colombian conservative politician who served as the 26th President of Colombia\nCarmelo Bentancur (1899–?), Uruguayan soldier and fencer\nDiego Betancur Álvarez – Ambassador of Colombia to Australia\nJorge Betancur – Nicaraguan footballer\nRubén Bentancourt – Uruguayan footballer\nRodrigo Bentancur – Uruguayan footballer","title":"People with the surname"}]
[{"image_text":"Communes of France ending with -court","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Communes_of_France_ending_with_-court.svg/150px-Communes_of_France_ending_with_-court.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Coat of arms above the main entrance of Bettencourt Palace, Angra do Heroísmo","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pal%C3%A1cio_Bettencourt_coat_of_arms.jpg/220px-Pal%C3%A1cio_Bettencourt_coat_of_arms.jpg"}]
[{"title":"Betancuria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betancuria"},{"title":"Bettencourt-Rivière","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettencourt-Rivi%C3%A8re"},{"title":"Bettencourt-Saint-Ouen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettencourt-Saint-Ouen"},{"title":"Béthencourt (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9thencourt_(disambiguation)"}]
[]
[{"Link":"http://www.wulfila.be/tw/facsimile/?page=135","external_links_name":"[1]"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Bettencourt&namespace=0","external_links_name":"internal link"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Black_Beauty
The Adventures of Black Beauty
["1 Broadcast history","2 Plot","3 Main cast","4 Episodes","4.1 Series 1 (1972–73)","4.2 Series 2 (1973–74)","5 Theme tune","6 Video releases","7 References","8 External links"]
British television series The Adventures of Black BeautyGenreAdventureFamily dramaWritten by Ted Willis (head writer) Richard Carpenter David Butler Directed by Charles Crichton Peter Duffell John Reardon Starring Judi Bowker William Lucas Stacy Dorning Roderick Shaw Charlotte Mitchell Michael Culver Theme music composerDenis KingOpening themeGalloping HomeCountry of originUnited KingdomOriginal languageEnglishNo. of series2No. of episodes52ProductionExecutive producerPaul KnightProducerSidney ColeProduction locationHertfordshire, EnglandRunning time25 minutesProduction companies The Fremantle Corporation London Weekend Television Original releaseNetworkITVRelease17 September 1972 (1972-09-17) –10 March 1974 (1974-03-10)RelatedThe New Adventures of Black Beauty The Adventures of Black Beauty is a British adventure family television series produced by London Weekend Television and shown by ITV in the United Kingdom between 1972 and 1974. It was distributed internationally by London Weekend International. The New Adventures of Black Beauty (1990–91) was a continuation of the 1970s series, and was set at the beginning of the 20th century, twenty years after the original series. Broadcast history Two series were produced, the first airing from September 1972 to March 1973 and the second from September 1973 to March 1974. Although it was mainly aimed at children, it was shown in the Sunday teatime family timeslot and gained a wide audience, becoming popular enough to make the general Top 20 ratings. It was repeated regularly, although often on a regional basis, for many years, its last full repeat run being on Sunday mornings from 1986 to 1988 (a further repeat run was planned for the summer of 1990, but cancelled because of objections by Equity after repeat fees had not been re-negotiated). Having been shown in several major US markets when it was initially produced, it also aired in the United States on Nickelodeon in the 1980s. In July 2009, Retro Television Network picked up all 104 episodes of The Adventures of Black Beauty and The New Adventures of Black Beauty, and affiliates began airing the show, listing both shows as simply Black Beauty. Plot The series was not an adaptation of the 1877 book by Anna Sewell, but rather a "continuation" featuring new characters created by Ted Willis, most prominently Dr James Gordon, played by William Lucas, and his children Vicky, played by Judi Bowker (who became Jenny, played by Stacy Dorning, in the second series) and Kevin, played by Roderick Shaw (at the beginning of the New Adventures it is mentioned that Kevin had gone to sea and become a midshipman). Supporting characters included Dr. Gordon's loyal housekeeper Amy Winthrop, played by Charlotte Mitchell, and a local boy, Albert Clifton, portrayed by Tony Maiden. Other writers for the series included David Butler and Richard Carpenter, while directors included Charles Crichton and Peter Duffell. The series, which was filmed mainly at Stockers Farm, Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire. Main cast Dr. James Gordon – William Lucas (52 episodes, 1972–1974) Amy Winthrop – Charlotte Mitchell (52 episodes, 1972–1974) Kevin Gordon – Roderick Shaw (51 episodes, 1972–1974) Squire Armstrong – Michael Culver (31 episodes, 1972–1974) Vicky Gordon – Judi Bowker (26 episodes, 1972–1973) Jenny Gordon – Stacy Dorning (25 episodes, 1973–1974) Police Constable Dickins – Kenneth Thornett (16 episodes, 1972–1974) Albert Clifton – Tony Maiden (14 episodes, 1972–1974) Ned Lewis – Stephen Garlick (11 episodes, 1973–1974) Episodes Transmission dates given are for the network; they varied in London. Series 1 (1972–73) Nº Ep Title Air date 11"The Fugitive"17 September 1972 (1972-09-17) 22"The Hostage"24 September 1972 (1972-09-24) 33"The Pit Pony"1 October 1972 (1972-10-01) 44"The Horse Thieves"8 October 1972 (1972-10-08) 55"Runaway"15 October 1972 (1972-10-15) 66"Warhorse"22 October 1972 (1972-10-22) 77"The Horsemen"29 October 1972 (1972-10-29) 88"The Duel"5 November 1972 (1972-11-05) 99"The Viking Helmet: Part 1"12 November 1972 (1972-11-12) 1010"The Viking Helmet: Part 2"19 November 1972 (1972-11-19) 1111"Day of Reckoning"26 November 1972 (1972-11-26) 1212"Man Trap"3 December 1972 (1972-12-03) 1313"Clown on Horseback"10 December 1972 (1972-12-10) 1414"Three Locks to Fortune"17 December 1972 (1972-12-17) 1515"The Recruiting Sergeant"31 December 1972 (1972-12-31) 1616"The Debt"7 January 1973 (1973-01-07) 1717"The Horse Healer"14 January 1973 (1973-01-14) 1818"The Witch"21 January 1973 (1973-01-21) 1919"The Ponies"28 January 1973 (1973-01-28) 2020"The Ruffians"4 February 1973 (1973-02-04) 2121"Two of a Kind"11 February 1973 (1973-02-11) 2222"Foul Play"18 February 1973 (1973-02-18) 2323"Sailor on a Horse"25 February 1973 (1973-02-25) 2424"Wild Justice"4 March 1973 (1973-03-04) 2525"The Barge"11 March 1973 (1973-03-11) 2626"Father and Son"18 March 1973 (1973-03-18) Series 2 (1973–74) Nº Ep Title Air date 271"A Member of the Family: Part 1"23 September 1973 (1973-09-23) 282"A Member of the Family: Part 2"30 September 1973 (1973-09-30) 293"The Outcast"7 October 1973 (1973-10-07) 304"Good Neighbours"14 October 1973 (1973-10-14) 315"Mission of Mercy"21 October 1973 (1973-10-21) 326"Battle of Wills"28 October 1973 (1973-10-28) 337"The Medicine Man"4 November 1973 (1973-11-04) 348"Out of the Night"11 November 1973 (1973-11-11) 359"Panic"18 November 1973 (1973-11-18) 3610"The Challenge"25 November 1973 (1973-11-25) 3711"Pocket Money"2 December 1973 (1973-12-02) 3812"The Quarry"9 December 1973 (1973-12-09) 3913"Secret of Fear"16 December 1973 (1973-12-16) 4014"Lost: Part 1"23 December 1973 (1973-12-23) 4115"Lost: Part 2"23 December 1973 (1973-12-23) 4216"Lost Goddess"30 December 1973 (1973-12-30) 4317"Where's Jonah?"6 January 1974 (1974-01-06) 4418"A Long Hard Run"13 January 1974 (1974-01-13) 4519"The Horse Breaker"20 January 1974 (1974-01-20) 4620"The Last Round-Up"27 January 1974 (1974-01-27) 4721"Goodbye Beauty"3 February 1974 (1974-02-03) 4822"The Escape"10 February 1974 (1974-02-10) 4923"A Ribbon for Beauty"17 February 1974 (1974-02-17) 5024"The Last Charge"24 February 1974 (1974-02-24) 5125"Race Against Time"3 March 1974 (1974-03-03) 5226"Game of Chance"10 March 1974 (1974-03-10) Theme tune The theme tune, "Galloping Home", was written by Denis King and performed by the London String Chorale. In 1973 it won the Ivor Novello Award for Best Theme Tune. It was also released as a single and peaked at number 31 in the UK charts in the week of 2 February 1974. It was later used at the climax of the first series of Absolutely Fabulous, with Edina Monsoon dreaming of running through a field as Black Beauty does in the series' title sequence. The theme tune was also featured in the series Brainiac: Science Abuse. It actually has lyrics by Dick Vosburgh as revealed by Denis King at a memorial concert for Vosburgh in July 2007. The theme was also used in 1975, in an episode of The Goodies called 'Scatty Safari', when the team release the main attraction of their Star Safari Park, Tony Blackburn, into the wild. It was also used in the final episode of the first series of BBC TV comedy I'm Alan Partridge. Alan exclaims "It's brilliant" upon hearing the piece when his PA Lynn puts it on the stereo; they then listen to it again when clearing up after Alan's unsuccessful leaving party. On disc 2 of the I'm Alan Partridge Series 1 DVD release, the theme music also plays on a loop over the menu, the background of which is a picture of Alan Partridge running through a field. The tune was also used as the opening theme of Finnish comedy series Studio Julmahuvi. Video releases Over the years there have been a number of VHS video releases of episodes (both single episode and 2 episode volumes and both PAL and NTSC format) by The Fremantle Corporation (with London Weekend Television/Talbot TV), VCI, Video Gems., and WH Smith Video. Sony is often cited as the producer of videos released by The Fremantle Corporation, but it appears that the name Sony, the manufacturer of the cassette, was retained on the slip cases. In 2001, Network entered the series tentatively into the DVD market with two "best of" DVDs, one for each season. A few days later, these DVDs were available as a two disc set. The DVDs were released as region 0, but being PAL format were not suitable for the North American market. (Note: They released "The Best of Series One" on VHS first on 11 Jun 2001. "The Best of Series Two" followed in VHS on 13 Aug 2001.) Season/Series Ep# Release Date Episodes The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Best of Series One 5 17 Sep 2001 "The Fugitive", "The Hostage", "'The Recruiting Sergeant", "Sailor on a Horse", "Father and Son" The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Best of Series Two 6 17 Sep 2001 "Member of the Family Part 1", "Member of the Family Part 2", "The Medicine Man", "Out of the Night", "The Escape", and "Game of Chance" The Adventures of Black Beauty: The Best of Series One & Two 11 24 Sep 2001 "The Fugitive", "The Hostage", "'The Recruiting Sergeant", "Sailor on a Horse", "Father and Son", "Member of the Family Part 1", "Member of the Family Part 2", "The Medicine Man", "Out of the Night", "The Escape", and "Game of Chance" In 2007, Network offered the complete Season 1 as a 4 disc set in region 2. A few months later in 2008, Season 2 was released, also 4 discs and region 2. In 2009, these were combined and released as the complete series. Season/Series Ep# Release Date The Adventures of Black Beauty - Series 1 - Complete 26 3 Sep 2007 The Adventures of Black Beauty - Series 2 - Complete 26 14 Apr 2008 The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Complete Series 52 5 Oct 2009 In 2008, Network released an anomalous offering of a DVD that included "The Recruiting Sergeant" (Season 1) and both parts of "Member of the Family" (Season 2), all of which had been part of their earlier "Best Of" DVDs. These were region 2 only. Season/Series Ep# Release Date Episodes The Adventures of Black Beauty - Two Episodes 3 12 Jun 2008 "The Recruiting Sergeant", "A Member of the Family Part 1", "A Member of the Family Part 2" In 2009 Image Entertainment released first Season 1 and then Season 2 in Region 1. Each season was three discs. Season/Series Ep# Release Date The Adventures of Black Beauty: Season 1 26 5 May 2009 The Adventures of Black Beauty: Season 2 26 4 August 2009 In 2012 Madacy Entertainment and Image Entertainment released The Best of Black Beauty a 10 disc Region 1 box set containing 42 episodes of The Adventures of Black Beauty and 44 episodes of The New Adventures of Black Beauty. Season/Series Ep# Release Date The Best of Black Beauty 42, plus 44 more from the later series 18 Sep 2012 The Adventures of Black Beauty episodes included in The Best of Black Beauty are: Season 1 - 1 episode omitted Disc 1: The Fugitive, The Pit Pony, Man Trap, The Hostage, The Horse Thieves, Warhorse, Clown on Horseback Disc 2: The Duel, The Viking Helmet (Part 1), The Viking Helmet (Part 2), The Barge, Day of Reckoning, The Horse Dealer, The Debt, Runaway, Three Lock to Fortune Disc 3: Recruiting Sergeant, The Ruffians, The Witch, Two of a Kind, The Ponies, Father and Son, Wild Justice, Foul Play, Sailor on a Horse Season 2 - 9 episodes omitted Disc 4: A Member of the Family (Part 1), A Member of the Family (Part 2), The Outcast, Good Neighbours, Mission of Mercy, Battle of Wills, The Medicine Man, Out of the Night Disc 5: A Long Hard Run, The Horse Breaker, The Last Roundup, Goodbye Beauty, The Escape, A Ribbon for Beauty, The Last Charge, Race against Time, Game of Chance For the rest of the episodes in this box set, see The New Adventures of Black Beauty. References ^ Sheridan, Simon (2004). The A-Z of Classic Children's Television: From Alberto Frog to Zebedee. Reynolds & Hearn Ltd. pp. 27–29. ISBN 1903111277. ^ "Equity to back Black Beauty rights", The Stage and Television Today, 6 December 1990 ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty (Various Volumes). "The Adventures of Black Beauty (Various Volumes)". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013. ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty: The Fugitive: The Origin of Black Beauty (Season 1, Episode 1). "The Adventures of Black Beauty: The Fugitive: The Origin of Black Beauty (Season 1, Episode 1)". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty: The Viking Helmet. "The Adventures of Black Beauty: The Viking Helmet". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013. ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty. "The Adventures of Black Beauty". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013. ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty - 4 Episodes. "The Adventures of Black Beauty - 4 Episodes". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 2 Member of the Family. "The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 2 Member of the Family". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 3 A Ribbon for Beauty, A Mission of Mercy. "The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 3 A Ribbon for Beauty, A Mission of Mercy". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 5 Out of the Night, Good Neighbors. "The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 5 Out of the Night, Good Neighbors". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 6 The Quarry, The Challenge. "The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 6 The Quarry, The Challenge". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Best of Series One. "The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Best of Series One". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013. ^ The New Adventures of Black Beauty: Season One. "The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Best of Series Two". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013. ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Best of Series One. "The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Best of Series One". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013. ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Best of Series Two. "The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Best of Series Two". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013. ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty: The Best of Series One & Two. "The Adventures of Black Beauty: The Best of Series One & Two". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013. ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty - Series 1 - Complete. "The Adventures of Black Beauty - Series 1 - Complete". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty - Series 2 - Complete. "The Adventures of Black Beauty - Series 2 - Complete". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Complete Series. "The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Complete Series". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013. ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty - Two Episodes. "The Adventures of Black Beauty - Two Episodes". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013. ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty: Season One (5 May 2009). "The Adventures of Black Beauty: Season One". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013. ^ The Adventures of Black Beauty: Season Two (4 August 2009). "The Adventures of Black Beauty: Season Two". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013. ^ The Best of Black Beauty. "The Best of Black Beauty". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013. External links The Adventures of Black Beauty at IMDb Screenonline entry vteBlack Beauty by Anna SewellFilms Black Beauty (1921) Black Beauty (1946) Black Beauty (1971) Black Beauty (1978) Black Beauty (1987) Black Beauty (1994) Black Beauty (2020) TV The Adventures of Black Beauty The New Adventures of Black Beauty
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"adventure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventure_film"},{"link_name":"family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_film"},{"link_name":"London Weekend Television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Weekend_Television"},{"link_name":"ITV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"The New Adventures of Black Beauty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Adventures_of_Black_Beauty"}],"text":"The Adventures of Black Beauty is a British adventure family television series produced by London Weekend Television and shown by ITV in the United Kingdom between 1972 and 1974. It was distributed internationally by London Weekend International.[1]The New Adventures of Black Beauty (1990–91) was a continuation of the 1970s series, and was set at the beginning of the 20th century, twenty years after the original series.","title":"The Adventures of Black Beauty"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Equity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_(trade_union)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Nickelodeon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickelodeon"},{"link_name":"Retro Television Network","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retro_Television_Network"},{"link_name":"The New Adventures of Black Beauty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Adventures_of_Black_Beauty"}],"text":"Two series were produced, the first airing from September 1972 to March 1973 and the second from September 1973 to March 1974. Although it was mainly aimed at children, it was shown in the Sunday teatime family timeslot and gained a wide audience, becoming popular enough to make the general Top 20 ratings. It was repeated regularly, although often on a regional basis, for many years, its last full repeat run being on Sunday mornings from 1986 to 1988 (a further repeat run was planned for the summer of 1990, but cancelled because of objections by Equity after repeat fees had not been re-negotiated[2]). Having been shown in several major US markets when it was initially produced, it also aired in the United States on Nickelodeon in the 1980s. In July 2009, Retro Television Network picked up all 104 episodes of The Adventures of Black Beauty and The New Adventures of Black Beauty, and affiliates began airing the show, listing both shows as simply Black Beauty.","title":"Broadcast history"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"the 1877 book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Beauty"},{"link_name":"Anna Sewell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Sewell"},{"link_name":"Ted Willis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Willis"},{"link_name":"William Lucas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lucas_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Judi Bowker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judi_Bowker"},{"link_name":"Stacy Dorning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacy_Dorning"},{"link_name":"midshipman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midshipman"},{"link_name":"Charlotte Mitchell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Mitchell"},{"link_name":"David Butler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Butler_(screenwriter)"},{"link_name":"Richard Carpenter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Carpenter_(screenwriter)"},{"link_name":"Charles Crichton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Crichton"},{"link_name":"Peter Duffell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Duffell"},{"link_name":"Rickmansworth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickmansworth"},{"link_name":"Hertfordshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertfordshire"}],"text":"The series was not an adaptation of the 1877 book by Anna Sewell, but rather a \"continuation\" featuring new characters created by Ted Willis, most prominently Dr James Gordon, played by William Lucas, and his children Vicky, played by Judi Bowker (who became Jenny, played by Stacy Dorning, in the second series) and Kevin, played by Roderick Shaw (at the beginning of the New Adventures it is mentioned that Kevin had gone to sea and become a midshipman). Supporting characters included Dr. Gordon's loyal housekeeper Amy Winthrop, played by Charlotte Mitchell, and a local boy, Albert Clifton, portrayed by Tony Maiden. Other writers for the series included David Butler and Richard Carpenter, while directors included Charles Crichton and Peter Duffell. The series, which was filmed mainly at Stockers Farm, Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire.","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Lucas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lucas_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Charlotte Mitchell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Mitchell"},{"link_name":"Michael Culver","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Culver"},{"link_name":"Judi Bowker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judi_Bowker"},{"link_name":"Stacy Dorning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacy_Dorning"},{"link_name":"Tony Maiden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Maiden"},{"link_name":"Stephen Garlick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Garlick"}],"text":"Dr. James Gordon – William Lucas (52 episodes, 1972–1974)\nAmy Winthrop – Charlotte Mitchell (52 episodes, 1972–1974)\nKevin Gordon – Roderick Shaw (51 episodes, 1972–1974)\nSquire Armstrong – Michael Culver (31 episodes, 1972–1974)\nVicky Gordon – Judi Bowker (26 episodes, 1972–1973)\nJenny Gordon – Stacy Dorning (25 episodes, 1973–1974)\nPolice Constable Dickins – Kenneth Thornett (16 episodes, 1972–1974)\nAlbert Clifton – Tony Maiden (14 episodes, 1972–1974)\nNed Lewis – Stephen Garlick (11 episodes, 1973–1974)","title":"Main cast"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Transmission dates given are for the network; they varied in London.","title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Series 1 (1972–73)","title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Series 2 (1973–74)","title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Denis King","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_King"},{"link_name":"Ivor Novello Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Novello_Awards"},{"link_name":"Absolutely Fabulous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous"},{"link_name":"Brainiac: Science Abuse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainiac:_Science_Abuse"},{"link_name":"Dick Vosburgh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Vosburgh"},{"link_name":"The Goodies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Goodies_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Tony Blackburn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Blackburn"},{"link_name":"I'm Alan Partridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m_Alan_Partridge"},{"link_name":"Studio Julmahuvi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_Julmahuvi"}],"text":"The theme tune, \"Galloping Home\", was written by Denis King and performed by the London String Chorale. In 1973 it won the Ivor Novello Award for Best Theme Tune. It was also released as a single and peaked at number 31 in the UK charts in the week of 2 February 1974.It was later used at the climax of the first series of Absolutely Fabulous, with Edina Monsoon dreaming of running through a field as Black Beauty does in the series' title sequence. The theme tune was also featured in the series Brainiac: Science Abuse. It actually has lyrics by Dick Vosburgh as revealed by Denis King at a memorial concert for Vosburgh in July 2007.The theme was also used in 1975, in an episode of The Goodies called 'Scatty Safari', when the team release the main attraction of their Star Safari Park, Tony Blackburn, into the wild. It was also used in the final episode of the first series of BBC TV comedy I'm Alan Partridge. Alan exclaims \"It's brilliant\" upon hearing the piece when his PA Lynn puts it on the stereo; they then listen to it again when clearing up after Alan's unsuccessful leaving party. On disc 2 of the I'm Alan Partridge Series 1 DVD release, the theme music also plays on a loop over the menu, the background of which is a picture of Alan Partridge running through a field. The tune was also used as the opening theme of Finnish comedy series Studio Julmahuvi.","title":"Theme tune"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"VHS video","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHS"},{"link_name":"London Weekend Television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Weekend_Television"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Sony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Image Entertainment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_Entertainment"},{"link_name":"Madacy Entertainment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madacy_Entertainment"},{"link_name":"Image Entertainment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_Entertainment"},{"link_name":"The New Adventures of Black Beauty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Adventures_of_Black_Beauty"},{"link_name":"The New Adventures of Black Beauty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Adventures_of_Black_Beauty"}],"text":"Over the years there have been a number of VHS video releases of episodes (both single episode and 2 episode volumes and both PAL and NTSC format) by The Fremantle Corporation (with London Weekend Television/Talbot TV),[3][4] VCI,[5] Video Gems.,[6] and WH Smith Video.[7] Sony is often cited as the producer of videos released by The Fremantle Corporation, but it appears that the name Sony, the manufacturer of the cassette, was retained on the slip cases.[8][9][10][11]In 2001, Network entered the series tentatively into the DVD market with two \"best of\" DVDs, one for each season. A few days later, these DVDs were available as a two disc set. The DVDs were released as region 0, but being PAL format were not suitable for the North American market. (Note: They released \"The Best of Series One\" on VHS first on 11 Jun 2001.[12] \"The Best of Series Two\" followed in VHS on 13 Aug 2001.[13])In 2007, Network offered the complete Season 1 as a 4 disc set in region 2. A few months later in 2008, Season 2 was released, also 4 discs and region 2. In 2009, these were combined and released as the complete series.In 2008, Network released an anomalous offering of a DVD that included \"The Recruiting Sergeant\" (Season 1) and both parts of \"Member of the Family\" (Season 2), all of which had been part of their earlier \"Best Of\" DVDs. These were region 2 only.In 2009 Image Entertainment released first Season 1 and then Season 2 in Region 1. Each season was three discs.In 2012 Madacy Entertainment and Image Entertainment released The Best of Black Beauty a 10 disc Region 1 box set containing 42 episodes of The Adventures of Black Beauty and 44 episodes of The New Adventures of Black Beauty.The Adventures of Black Beauty episodes included in The Best of Black Beauty are:Season 1 - 1 episode omitted\nDisc 1: The Fugitive, The Pit Pony, Man Trap, The Hostage, The Horse Thieves, Warhorse, Clown on Horseback\nDisc 2: The Duel, The Viking Helmet (Part 1), The Viking Helmet (Part 2), The Barge, Day of Reckoning, The Horse Dealer, The Debt, Runaway, Three Lock to Fortune\nDisc 3: Recruiting Sergeant, The Ruffians, The Witch, Two of a Kind, The Ponies, Father and Son, Wild Justice, Foul Play, Sailor on a HorseSeason 2 - 9 episodes omitted\nDisc 4: A Member of the Family (Part 1), A Member of the Family (Part 2), The Outcast, Good Neighbours, Mission of Mercy, Battle of Wills, The Medicine Man, Out of the Night\nDisc 5: A Long Hard Run, The Horse Breaker, The Last Roundup, Goodbye Beauty, The Escape, A Ribbon for Beauty, The Last Charge, Race against Time, Game of ChanceFor the rest of the episodes in this box set, see The New Adventures of Black Beauty.","title":"Video releases"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Sheridan, Simon (2004). The A-Z of Classic Children's Television: From Alberto Frog to Zebedee. Reynolds & Hearn Ltd. pp. 27–29. ISBN 1903111277.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1903111277","url_text":"1903111277"}]},{"reference":"The Adventures of Black Beauty (Various Volumes). \"The Adventures of Black Beauty (Various Volumes)\". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/Adventures-Beauty-Seasons-Various-Volumes/dp/B00005JXL9/","url_text":"\"The Adventures of Black Beauty (Various Volumes)\""}]},{"reference":"The Adventures of Black Beauty: The Fugitive: The Origin of Black Beauty (Season 1, Episode 1). \"The Adventures of Black Beauty: The Fugitive: The Origin of Black Beauty (Season 1, Episode 1)\". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/Adventures-Black-Beauty-Fugitive-Episode/dp/B000R075GK/","url_text":"\"The Adventures of Black Beauty: The Fugitive: The Origin of Black Beauty (Season 1, Episode 1)\""}]},{"reference":"The Adventures of Black Beauty: The Viking Helmet. \"The Adventures of Black Beauty: The Viking Helmet\". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/Adventures-Black-Beauty-Viking-Helmet/dp/B00008T2MY/","url_text":"\"The Adventures of Black Beauty: The Viking Helmet\""}]},{"reference":"The Adventures of Black Beauty. \"The Adventures of Black Beauty\". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/Adventures-Black-Beauty-VHS/dp/B00008T40Z/","url_text":"\"The Adventures of Black Beauty\""}]},{"reference":"The Adventures of Black Beauty - 4 Episodes. \"The Adventures of Black Beauty - 4 Episodes\". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/ADVENTURES-BLACK-BEAUTY-Episodes/dp/B001PSML5I/","url_text":"\"The Adventures of Black Beauty - 4 Episodes\""}]},{"reference":"The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 2 Member of the Family. \"The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 2 Member of the Family\". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/Adventures-Black-Beauty-Vol-Member/dp/B002KZWSS0/","url_text":"\"The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 2 Member of the Family\""}]},{"reference":"The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 3 A Ribbon for Beauty, A Mission of Mercy. \"The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 3 A Ribbon for Beauty, A Mission of Mercy\". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/Adventures-Black-Beauty-Vol-Mission/dp/B002VJSOQ0/","url_text":"\"The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 3 A Ribbon for Beauty, A Mission of Mercy\""}]},{"reference":"The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 5 Out of the Night, Good Neighbors. \"The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 5 Out of the Night, Good Neighbors\". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/Adventures-Black-Beauty-Vol-Mission/dp/B002VJSOQ0/","url_text":"\"The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 5 Out of the Night, Good Neighbors\""}]},{"reference":"The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 6 The Quarry, The Challenge. \"The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 6 The Quarry, The Challenge\". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/Adventures-Black-Beauty-Vol-Challenge/dp/B002KZVA20/","url_text":"\"The Adventures of Black Beauty Vol 6 The Quarry, The Challenge\""}]},{"reference":"The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Best of Series One. \"The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Best of Series One\". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/Adventures-Black-Beauty-Best-VHS/dp/B00005JXL9/","url_text":"\"The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Best of Series One\""}]},{"reference":"The New Adventures of Black Beauty: Season One. \"The Adventures of Black Beauty - The Best of Series Two\". Amazon.co.uk. 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Retrieved 8 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001RTKKO4","url_text":"\"The Adventures of Black Beauty: Season One\""}]},{"reference":"The Adventures of Black Beauty: Season Two (4 August 2009). \"The Adventures of Black Beauty: Season Two\". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0029Z8KC4","url_text":"\"The Adventures of Black Beauty: Season Two\""}]},{"reference":"The Best of Black Beauty. \"The Best of Black Beauty\". Amazon. Retrieved 8 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/Best-Black-Beauty-10-Pk-The/dp/B007FZ7MCW/","url_text":"\"The Best of Black Beauty\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Green%27s_School
George Green's School
["1 History","1.1 Grammar school","1.2 Comprehensive","2 Admissions","3 Notable former pupils","3.1 George Green's Grammar School","3.2 George Green's Comprehensive","4 References","5 External links"]
Coordinates: 51°29′16″N 0°00′28″W / 51.48786°N 0.00787°W / 51.48786; -0.00787 School in Isle of Dogs, London, EnglandGeorge Green's SchoolMain entrance to George Green's School in Manchester RoadAddress100 Manchester RoadIsle of Dogs, London, E14 3DWEnglandCoordinates51°29′16″N 0°00′28″W / 51.48786°N 0.00787°W / 51.48786; -0.00787InformationTypeVoluntary controlled comprehensive schoolMottoesLatin: Fideleter (Faithfully);Aspiration, Equality, ExcellenceEstablished1828; 196 years ago (1828)FounderGeorge GreenLocal authorityTower HamletsDepartment for Education URN100974 TablesOfstedReportsPrincipalJon RyderGenderCoeducationalAge11 to 19Enrolment1219 (Ofsted report 2022)Websitewww.georgegreens.com George Green's School is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form, located in Cubitt Town on the Isle of Dogs in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, England. History Former premises of George Green's Grammar School, located in Poplar. The school, which was originally located on East India Dock Road, was founded in 1828 by George Green, a shipbuilder and shipwright. A maritime connection with the school has been maintained since then. In 1884, the school moved from the original buildings to new premises which provided places for 200 boys and 200 girls, in separate classrooms. The pupils paid modest fees or were assisted with scholarships. Later it became a LCC maintained school and was the first to institute co-education. It remained open until 1979 when it became part of Tower Hamlets College. Today it is a voluntary controlled school supported by the Worshipful Company of Shipwrights. It has a comprehensive intake of pupils, and is administered by Tower Hamlets London Borough Council. Grammar school It was a voluntary-controlled coeducational grammar school located on East India Dock Road Poplar. Comprehensive In 1975 it became a comprehensive, moving to a new site on the Isle of Dogs. Admissions George Green's School offers GCSEs and vocational courses as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels and the IB Diploma Programme. Notable former pupils George Green's Grammar School Prof Roderic Alfred Gregory CBE FRS, George Holt Professor of Physiology from 1948 to 1981 at the University of Liverpool, who studied gastrin Prof Kenneth Harrap CBE, Professor of Biochemical Pharmacology from 1984 to 1997 Sam Lesser, Daily Worker/Morning Star journalist, veteran of the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War. John Scurr, Labour MP George Green's Comprehensive Jane Martinson, journalist on The Guardian References ^ "George Green's School". Georgegreens.com. Retrieved 7 September 2013. ^ Foley, Michael (2014). London's Docklands through time (2014 ed.). Amberley Publishing. p. 32. ISBN 9781445640495. ^ "George Green's School - The Worshipful Company of Shipwrights". Shipwrights.co.uk. Retrieved 7 September 2013. ^ "Curriculum". Georgegreens.com. Archived from the original on 7 September 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013. ^ "Sixth Form". Georgegreens.com. Archived from the original on 7 September 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013. ^ Jeremy Sutcliffe (31 May 2012). "How George Green's School brought the International Baccalaureate to the East End - Schools - Education". The Independent. Retrieved 7 September 2013. ^ Chambers, Colin (11 October 2010). "Sam Russell obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 April 2018. ^ Martinson, Jane (8 April 2018). "Canary Wharf: life in the shadow of the towers". The Observer. Retrieved 8 April 2018. External links George Green's School official website vteSchools and colleges in Tower HamletsPrimary schools Lansbury Lawrence School Mayflower Primary School St Paul's Way Trust School Secondary schools Bishop Challoner Catholic School Bow School Central Foundation Girls' School George Green's School Langdon Park School Morpeth School Mulberry Academy Shoreditch Mulberry School for Girls Mulberry Stepney Green Maths, Computing and Science College Mulberry UTC Oaklands School St Paul's Way Trust School Stepney All Saints School Swanlea School Special schools Beatrice Tate School Independent schools Darul Hadis Latifiah Gatehouse School Madani Girls' School Further education Ada, the National College for Digital Skills East London Arts & Music Tower Hamlets College Workers' Educational Association Defunct schools East London Industrial School Ragged School Raine's Foundation School Authority control databases ISNI
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In 1884, the school moved from the original buildings to new premises which provided places for 200 boys and 200 girls, in separate classrooms. The pupils paid modest fees or were assisted with scholarships. Later it became a LCC maintained school and was the first to institute co-education. It remained open until 1979 when it became part of Tower Hamlets College. Today it is a voluntary controlled school supported by the Worshipful Company of Shipwrights.[3] It has a comprehensive intake of pupils, and is administered by Tower Hamlets London Borough Council.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"voluntary-controlled","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_controlled_school"},{"link_name":"grammar school","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar_school"},{"link_name":"Poplar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poplar,_London"}],"sub_title":"Grammar school","text":"It was a voluntary-controlled coeducational grammar school located on East India Dock Road Poplar.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Isle of Dogs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Dogs"}],"sub_title":"Comprehensive","text":"In 1975 it became a comprehensive, moving to a new site on the Isle of Dogs.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"GCSEs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"A Levels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"IB Diploma Programme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IB_Diploma_Programme"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"George Green's School offers GCSEs and vocational courses as programmes of study for pupils,[4] while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels[5] and the IB Diploma Programme.[6]","title":"Admissions"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Notable former pupils"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Roderic Alfred Gregory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roderic_Alfred_Gregory"},{"link_name":"University of Liverpool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Liverpool"},{"link_name":"gastrin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrin"},{"link_name":"Kenneth Harrap","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Harrap"},{"link_name":"Sam Lesser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Lesser"},{"link_name":"Morning Star","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_Star_(British_newspaper)"},{"link_name":"International Brigades","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Brigades"},{"link_name":"Spanish Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"John Scurr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Scurr"}],"sub_title":"George Green's Grammar School","text":"Prof Roderic Alfred Gregory CBE FRS, George Holt Professor of Physiology from 1948 to 1981 at the University of Liverpool, who studied gastrin\nProf Kenneth Harrap CBE, Professor of Biochemical Pharmacology from 1984 to 1997\nSam Lesser, Daily Worker/Morning Star journalist, veteran of the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War.[7]\nJohn Scurr, Labour MP","title":"Notable former pupils"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jane Martinson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Martinson"},{"link_name":"The Guardian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"sub_title":"George Green's Comprehensive","text":"Jane Martinson, journalist on The Guardian[8]","title":"Notable former pupils"}]
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null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand_Hammer_(music_group)
Armand Hammer (music group)
["1 History","2 Members","3 Discography","3.1 Studio albums","3.2 Collaborative Albums","3.3 Compilation albums","3.4 Mixtapes","3.5 EPs","3.6 Guest appearances","4 References","5 External links"]
American hip hop duo from New York CityFor other uses, see Armand Hammer (disambiguation).Armand HammerOriginNew York City, New York, U.S.GenresHip hopYears active2013–presentLabelsBackwoodz StudiozPTPMembers Billy Woods Elucid Websitearmandhammer.bandcamp.com Armand Hammer is an American hip hop duo from New York City that was formed around 2013. The duo consists of Billy Woods and Elucid. History In September 2013, Armand Hammer released a mixtape, Half Measures. It was produced by Steel Tipped Dove, Blockhead, Uncommon Nasa, and Small Pro, among others. In October that year, the duo released the first studio album, Race Music, which was produced by the likes of Steel Tipped Dove, Marmaduke, Willie Green, and Blue Sky Black Death. Tiny Mix Tapes called it "a potent record about life, art, sex, drugs, politics, and violence." The Village Voice included it on the "10 Best New York City Rap Albums of 2013" list. On October 25, 2013, "Shark Fin Soup" was included on Spin's "Rap Songs of the Week" list. In 2014, the duo released an EP, Furtive Movements. The Village Voice included it on the "10 Best New York City Rap Albums of 2014" list. In 2017, the duo released a studio album, Rome. Stereogum placed it at number 28 on the "40 Best Rap Albums of 2017" list. In 2018, the duo released a studio album, Paraffin. PopMatters placed it at number 65 on the "70 Best Albums of 2018" list, while Stereogum placed it at number 4 on the "10 Best Rap Albums of 2018" list. It was also included on Pitchfork's "Best Rap Albums of 2018" list, as well as The A.V. Club's "Best Hip-Hop Albums of 2018" list. In 2020, the duo released a studio album, Shrines. The duo's collaborative studio album with producer the Alchemist, titled Haram, was released in 2021. In 2023, the duo released a studio album We Buy Diabetic Test Strips, featuring production from JPEGMAFIA, El-P, Kenny Segal, Messiah Musik, Child Actor, PUDGE, and DJ Haram, among others. Members Billy Woods – vocals Elucid – vocals, production Discography Studio albums Race Music (2013) Rome (2017) Paraffin (2018) Shrines (2020) We Buy Diabetic Test Strips (2023) Collaborative Albums Haram with the Alchemist (2021) Compilation albums WHT LBL (2022) BLK LBL (2024) Mixtapes Half Measures (2013) EPs Furtive Movements (2014) Guest appearances Willie Green – "The Thousand Headed Man" from Doc Savage (2016) Zilla Rocca – "Favors Are Bad News" from Future Former Rapper (2018) Blockhead – "Be Safe" from Free Sweatpants (2019) Bartees Strange – "Free Kelly Rowland" from Live Forever deluxe edition (2020) Defcee & Messiah Muzik – "Shortcuts" from Trapdoor (2021) Earl Sweatshirt – "Tabula Rasa" from Sick! (2022) Open Mike Eagle – "Burner Account" from Component System with the Auto Reverse (2022) Defcee & Boathouse – "Rossi" from For All Debts Public and Private (2022) Akai Solo – "Upper Room" from Spirit Roaming (2022) Pink Siifu & Real Bad Man – "Tokyo Blunts" from Real Bad Flights (2022) Celestaphone – "Tithes" from Paper Cut From the Obit (2023) Ho99o9 – "Compass/SeaMurda" from Ho99o9 presents Territory: Turf Talk, Vol. II (2023) Blockhead – "Give Thanks" from The Aux (2023) Shapednoise - "Family" from Absurd Matter (WEIGHT LOOMING, 2023) References ^ Diamond, Samuel (September 20, 2013). "Armand Hammer - Half Measures (mixtape)". Tiny Mix Tapes. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015. ^ Letvinchuk, Alex (November 7, 2013). "Armand Hammer – Race Music". Potholes in My Blog. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2015. ^ Martin, Andrew (September 18, 2013). "Download Elucid & Billy Woods' New Mixtape As Armand Hammer". Potholes in My Blog. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015. ^ Gillespie, Blake (September 18, 2013). "billy woods & Elucid are Armand Hammer". Impose. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015. ^ Gillespie, Blake (October 17, 2013). "Stream: Armand Hammer, Race Music". Impose. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015. ^ Weil, Stephen (December 2, 2013). "Armand Hammer - Race Music". Tiny Mix Tapes. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015. ^ Mlynar, Phillip (December 5, 2013). "The 10 Best New York City Rap Albums of 2013 (1/4)". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015. ^ Soderberg, Brandon (October 25, 2013). "Rap Songs of the Week: Step Brothers Starlito & Don Trip Stand Up to School Bullies". Spin. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2015. ^ Gillespie, Blake (July 29, 2014). "Armand Hammer return with "BET" and EP". Impose. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015. ^ Mlynar, Phillip (December 16, 2014). "The 10 Best New York City Rap Albums of 2014 (1/2)". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on January 9, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015. ^ Thompson, Paul (November 21, 2017). "Armand Hammer's Rome Is a Gritty Rap Album for the Modern Era". Vulture. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2017. ^ Breihan, Tom (December 11, 2017). "The 40 Best Rap Albums Of 2017". Stereogum. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2018. ^ Thompson, Paul A. (September 5, 2018). "Armand Hammer: Paraffin". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on December 19, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018. ^ Skinner, Jared (December 10, 2018). "The 70 Best Albums of 2018: 65. Armand Hammer - Paraffin (Backwoodz Studioz)". PopMatters. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018. ^ Breihan, Tom (December 7, 2018). "The 10 Best Rap Albums Of 2018". Stereogum. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018. ^ Pearce, Sheldon (December 18, 2018). "The Best Rap Albums of 2018". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018. ^ Purdom, Clayton (December 12, 2018). "The best hip-hop albums of 2018". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018. ^ Roberts-Grmela, Julian (July 22, 2020). "An Original Strain: Armand Hammer Interviewed". Clash. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2022. ^ Ruiz, Matthew Ismael (March 31, 2021). "Armand Hammer / The Alchemist: Haram". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2022. External links Armand Hammer at Backwoodz Studioz Armand Hammer discography at Discogs vteArmand Hammer Billy Woods Elucid Studio albums Race Music (2013) Rome (2017) Paraffin (2018) Shrines (2020) Haram (2021) We Buy Diabetic Test Strips (2023) Authority control databases: Artists MusicBrainz
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Armand Hammer (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand_Hammer_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"New York City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Billy Woods","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Woods_(rapper)"},{"link_name":"Elucid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elucid"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"For other uses, see Armand Hammer (disambiguation).Armand Hammer is an American hip hop duo from New York City that was formed around 2013.[1] The duo consists of Billy Woods and Elucid.[2]","title":"Armand Hammer (music group)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Blockhead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockhead_(music_producer)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Blue Sky Black Death","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Sky_Black_Death"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Tiny Mix Tapes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_Mix_Tapes"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"The Village Voice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Village_Voice"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Spin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Rome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_(Armand_Hammer_album)"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Stereogum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereogum"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Paraffin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffin_(album)"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"PopMatters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PopMatters"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Pitchfork","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"The A.V. Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_A.V._Club"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Shrines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrines_(Armand_Hammer_album)"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"the Alchemist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Alchemist_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Haram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haram_(album)"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"We Buy Diabetic Test Strips","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Buy_Diabetic_Test_Strips"},{"link_name":"JPEGMAFIA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEGMafia"},{"link_name":"El-P","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-P"},{"link_name":"Kenny Segal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Segal"},{"link_name":"Child Actor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_Actor_(band)"}],"text":"In September 2013, Armand Hammer released a mixtape, Half Measures.[3] It was produced by Steel Tipped Dove, Blockhead, Uncommon Nasa, and Small Pro, among others.[4] In October that year, the duo released the first studio album, Race Music, which was produced by the likes of Steel Tipped Dove, Marmaduke, Willie Green, and Blue Sky Black Death.[5] Tiny Mix Tapes called it \"a potent record about life, art, sex, drugs, politics, and violence.\"[6] The Village Voice included it on the \"10 Best New York City Rap Albums of 2013\" list.[7] On October 25, 2013, \"Shark Fin Soup\" was included on Spin's \"Rap Songs of the Week\" list.[8]In 2014, the duo released an EP, Furtive Movements.[9] The Village Voice included it on the \"10 Best New York City Rap Albums of 2014\" list.[10] In 2017, the duo released a studio album, Rome.[11] Stereogum placed it at number 28 on the \"40 Best Rap Albums of 2017\" list.[12] In 2018, the duo released a studio album, Paraffin.[13] PopMatters placed it at number 65 on the \"70 Best Albums of 2018\" list,[14] while Stereogum placed it at number 4 on the \"10 Best Rap Albums of 2018\" list.[15] It was also included on Pitchfork's \"Best Rap Albums of 2018\" list,[16] as well as The A.V. Club's \"Best Hip-Hop Albums of 2018\" list.[17]In 2020, the duo released a studio album, Shrines.[18] The duo's collaborative studio album with producer the Alchemist, titled Haram, was released in 2021.[19] In 2023, the duo released a studio album We Buy Diabetic Test Strips, featuring production from JPEGMAFIA, El-P, Kenny Segal, Messiah Musik, Child Actor, PUDGE, and DJ Haram, among others.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Billy Woods","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Woods"},{"link_name":"Elucid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elucid"}],"text":"Billy Woods – vocals\nElucid – vocals, production","title":"Members"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_(Armand_Hammer_album)"},{"link_name":"Paraffin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffin_(album)"},{"link_name":"Shrines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrines_(Armand_Hammer_album)"},{"link_name":"We Buy Diabetic Test Strips","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Buy_Diabetic_Test_Strips"}],"sub_title":"Studio albums","text":"Race Music (2013)\nRome (2017)\nParaffin (2018)\nShrines (2020)\nWe Buy Diabetic Test Strips (2023)","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Haram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haram_(album)"},{"link_name":"the Alchemist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Alchemist_(musician)"}],"sub_title":"Collaborative Albums","text":"Haram with the Alchemist (2021)","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Compilation albums","text":"WHT LBL (2022)\nBLK LBL (2024)","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Mixtapes","text":"Half Measures (2013)","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"EPs","text":"Furtive Movements (2014)","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Blockhead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockhead_(music_producer)"},{"link_name":"Bartees Strange","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartees_Strange"},{"link_name":"Live Forever","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_Forever_(Bartees_Strange_album)"},{"link_name":"Earl Sweatshirt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Sweatshirt"},{"link_name":"Sick!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sick!"},{"link_name":"Open Mike Eagle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Mike_Eagle"},{"link_name":"Component System with the Auto Reverse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_System_with_the_Auto_Reverse"},{"link_name":"Celestaphone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestaphone"},{"link_name":"Paper Cut From the Obit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_Cut_From_the_Obit"},{"link_name":"Ho99o9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho99o9"}],"sub_title":"Guest appearances","text":"Willie Green – \"The Thousand Headed Man\" from Doc Savage (2016)\nZilla Rocca – \"Favors Are Bad News\" from Future Former Rapper (2018)\nBlockhead – \"Be Safe\" from Free Sweatpants (2019)\nBartees Strange – \"Free Kelly Rowland\" from Live Forever deluxe edition (2020)\nDefcee & Messiah Muzik – \"Shortcuts\" from Trapdoor (2021)\nEarl Sweatshirt – \"Tabula Rasa\" from Sick! (2022)\nOpen Mike Eagle – \"Burner Account\" from Component System with the Auto Reverse (2022)\nDefcee & Boathouse – \"Rossi\" from For All Debts Public and Private (2022)\nAkai Solo – \"Upper Room\" from Spirit Roaming (2022)\nPink Siifu & Real Bad Man – \"Tokyo Blunts\" from Real Bad Flights (2022)\nCelestaphone – \"Tithes\" from Paper Cut From the Obit (2023)\nHo99o9 – \"Compass/SeaMurda\" from Ho99o9 presents Territory: Turf Talk, Vol. II (2023)\nBlockhead – \"Give Thanks\" from The Aux (2023)\nShapednoise - \"Family\" from Absurd Matter (WEIGHT LOOMING, 2023)","title":"Discography"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Diamond, Samuel (September 20, 2013). \"Armand Hammer - Half Measures (mixtape)\". Tiny Mix Tapes. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.tinymixtapes.com/chocolate-grinder/listen-armand-hammer-half-measures-mixtape","url_text":"\"Armand Hammer - Half Measures (mixtape)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_Mix_Tapes","url_text":"Tiny Mix Tapes"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150128190151/http://www.tinymixtapes.com/chocolate-grinder/listen-armand-hammer-half-measures-mixtape","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Letvinchuk, Alex (November 7, 2013). \"Armand Hammer – Race Music\". Potholes in My Blog. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://potholesinmyblog.com/album-reviews-armand-hammer-race-music/","url_text":"\"Armand Hammer – Race Music\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141031130449/http://potholesinmyblog.com/album-reviews-armand-hammer-race-music/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Martin, Andrew (September 18, 2013). \"Download Elucid & Billy Woods' New Mixtape As Armand Hammer\". Potholes in My Blog. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://potholesinmyblog.com/download-elucid-billy-woods-new-mixtape-as-armand-hammer/","url_text":"\"Download Elucid & Billy Woods' New Mixtape As Armand Hammer\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150128132134/http://potholesinmyblog.com/download-elucid-billy-woods-new-mixtape-as-armand-hammer/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Gillespie, Blake (September 18, 2013). \"billy woods & Elucid are Armand Hammer\". Impose. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.imposemagazine.com/bytes/new-music/billy-woods-elucid-are-armand-hammer","url_text":"\"billy woods & Elucid are Armand Hammer\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impose_(magazine)","url_text":"Impose"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150128113405/http://www.imposemagazine.com/bytes/new-music/billy-woods-elucid-are-armand-hammer","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Gillespie, Blake (October 17, 2013). \"Stream: Armand Hammer, Race Music\". Impose. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.imposemagazine.com/bytes/new-music/stream-armand-hammer-race-music","url_text":"\"Stream: Armand Hammer, Race Music\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impose_(magazine)","url_text":"Impose"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150128113407/http://www.imposemagazine.com/bytes/new-music/stream-armand-hammer-race-music","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Weil, Stephen (December 2, 2013). \"Armand Hammer - Race Music\". Tiny Mix Tapes. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.tinymixtapes.com/music-review/armand-hammer-race-music","url_text":"\"Armand Hammer - Race Music\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_Mix_Tapes","url_text":"Tiny Mix Tapes"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150128113757/http://www.tinymixtapes.com/music-review/armand-hammer-race-music","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Mlynar, Phillip (December 5, 2013). \"The 10 Best New York City Rap Albums of 2013 (1/4)\". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://blogs.villagevoice.com/music/2013/12/ten_best_nyc_rap_albums_2013.php","url_text":"\"The 10 Best New York City Rap Albums of 2013 (1/4)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Village_Voice","url_text":"The Village Voice"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150128133147/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/music/2013/12/ten_best_nyc_rap_albums_2013.php","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Soderberg, Brandon (October 25, 2013). \"Rap Songs of the Week: Step Brothers Starlito & Don Trip Stand Up to School Bullies\". Spin. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.spin.com/2013/10/rap-songs-of-the-week-step-brothers-starlito-don-trip-blackie-isaiah-rashad/","url_text":"\"Rap Songs of the Week: Step Brothers Starlito & Don Trip Stand Up to School Bullies\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(magazine)","url_text":"Spin"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160306204948/http://www.spin.com/2013/10/rap-songs-of-the-week-step-brothers-starlito-don-trip-blackie-isaiah-rashad/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Gillespie, Blake (July 29, 2014). \"Armand Hammer return with \"BET\" and EP\". Impose. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.imposemagazine.com/bytes/news/armand-hammer-return-with-furtive-movements-ep","url_text":"\"Armand Hammer return with \"BET\" and EP\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impose_(magazine)","url_text":"Impose"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150128113750/http://www.imposemagazine.com/bytes/news/armand-hammer-return-with-furtive-movements-ep","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Mlynar, Phillip (December 16, 2014). \"The 10 Best New York City Rap Albums of 2014 (1/2)\". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on January 9, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://blogs.villagevoice.com/music/2014/12/best-nyc-rap-of-2014.php","url_text":"\"The 10 Best New York City Rap Albums of 2014 (1/2)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Village_Voice","url_text":"The Village Voice"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150109195002/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/music/2014/12/best-nyc-rap-of-2014.php","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Thompson, Paul (November 21, 2017). \"Armand Hammer's Rome Is a Gritty Rap Album for the Modern Era\". Vulture. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.vulture.com/2017/11/review-armand-hammer-rome.html","url_text":"\"Armand Hammer's Rome Is a Gritty Rap Album for the Modern Era\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulture_(website)","url_text":"Vulture"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031744/http://www.vulture.com/2017/11/review-armand-hammer-rome.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Breihan, Tom (December 11, 2017). \"The 40 Best Rap Albums Of 2017\". Stereogum. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.stereogum.com/1972680/the-40-best-rap-albums-of-2017/franchises/2017-in-review/","url_text":"\"The 40 Best Rap Albums Of 2017\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereogum","url_text":"Stereogum"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190412045035/https://www.stereogum.com/1972680/the-40-best-rap-albums-of-2017/franchises/2017-in-review/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Thompson, Paul A. (September 5, 2018). \"Armand Hammer: Paraffin\". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on December 19, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/armand-hammer-paraffin/","url_text":"\"Armand Hammer: Paraffin\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)","url_text":"Pitchfork"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181219090824/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/armand-hammer-paraffin/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Skinner, Jared (December 10, 2018). \"The 70 Best Albums of 2018: 65. Armand Hammer - Paraffin (Backwoodz Studioz)\". PopMatters. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.popmatters.com/best-albums-of-2018-2622492661.html?rebelltitem=6#rebelltitem6","url_text":"\"The 70 Best Albums of 2018: 65. 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Retrieved December 18, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-best-rap-albums-of-2018/","url_text":"\"The Best Rap Albums of 2018\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)","url_text":"Pitchfork"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181218105842/https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/the-best-rap-albums-of-2018/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Purdom, Clayton (December 12, 2018). \"The best hip-hop albums of 2018\". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://music.avclub.com/the-best-hip-hop-albums-of-2018-1830834044","url_text":"\"The best hip-hop albums of 2018\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_A.V._Club","url_text":"The A.V. 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Retrieved November 30, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/armand-hammer-the-alchemist-haram/","url_text":"\"Armand Hammer / The Alchemist: Haram\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)","url_text":"Pitchfork"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210817085255/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/armand-hammer-the-alchemist-haram/","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_Enrolment_Centre_(New_Zealand)
Electoral Enrolment Centre (New Zealand)
["1 References","2 External links"]
The Electoral Enrolment Centre maintained the New Zealand electoral rolls and conducted the Māori Electoral Option, which gives Māori the chance to choose between being on the Māori or general electoral roll. Established in 1981, the centre was a self-contained business unit of New Zealand Post, under contract to the Minister of Justice. The centre had a team of Registrars of Electors – one for each electorate. The Registrars were responsible for compiling and maintaining the electoral rolls for their electorate, conducting enrolment update campaigns prior to all major electoral events (local elections, parliamentary elections, and referendums, etc.), and encouraging eligible voters to enrol. Following the Electoral (Administration) Amendment Act 2011, the functions of the Electoral Enrolment Centre were transferred to the Electoral Commission on 1 July 2012. References ^ a b "Electoral Enrolment Centre (N.Z.)". National Library of New Zealand / Te Puna. 1 January 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2022. External links Joint website of the Electoral Commission, the Electoral Enrolment Centre, and the Chief Electoral Office
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Version
Electric Version
["1 Track listing","2 Personnel","3 References","4 External links"]
2003 studio album by The New PornographersElectric VersionStudio album by The New PornographersReleased6 May 2003 (2003-05-06)RecordedNovember 2001 – October 2002GenreIndie rock, power pop, post-punk revivalLength46:41LabelMint, MatadorProducerThe New PornographersThe New Pornographers chronology Mass Romantic(2000) Electric Version(2003) Twin Cinema(2005) Professional ratingsAggregate scoresSourceRatingMetacritic82/100Review scoresSourceRatingAllMusicAlternative Press4/5BlenderEntertainment WeeklyA−The GuardianPitchfork8.1/10Rolling StoneThe Rolling Stone Album GuideUncutThe Village VoiceB+ Electric Version is the second studio album by Canadian indie rock group The New Pornographers. It was released on Matador Records and Mint Records on May 6, 2003. Electric Version placed at number seven in The Village Voice's Pazz & Jop poll of 2003 and was ranked at number 20 on PopMatters' Best Music of 2003 list. In 2009, the album ranked number 79 in Rolling Stone's "100 Best Albums of the Decade". "The Electric Version" is included as a playable song in the video game Rock Band, after narrowly avoiding being cut. As of 2009, sales in the United States have exceeded 113,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan. Track listing All songs written and sung by Carl Newman, except as noted. No.TitleVocalsLength1."The Electric Version" 2:532."From Blown Speakers" 2:493."The Laws Have Changed"Neko Case, Newman3:264."The End of Medicine" 2:375."Loose Translation" 2:596."Chump Change" (Dan Bejar)Bejar4:187."All for Swinging You Around"Case3:428."The New Face of Zero and One"Case, Newman4:119."Testament to Youth in Verse" (Bejar)Bejar3:5710."It's Only Divine Right" 4:1111."Ballad of a Comeback Kid" (Bejar)Bejar3:5112."July Jones" 4:1813."Miss Teen Wordpower"Case, Newman3:23Total length:46:41 Japanese bonus trackNo.TitleLength14."Turn"3:52 Personnel Musicians Carl Newman – vocals, guitar, keyboards, melodeon Neko Case – vocals John Collins – bass, baritone guitar, keyboards Blaine Thurier – keyboards Kurt Dahle – drums, percussion, vocals, double bass Todd Fancey – guitar, keyboards Dan Bejar (secret member) – vocals Nora O'Connor – additional vocals Tim Sars – saxophone Monica Cattaway – violin Nyla Rainey – cello Production The New Pornographers - production Howard Redekopp - engineering, mixing References ^ "Reviews for Electric Version by The New Pornographers". Metacritic. Retrieved December 14, 2015. ^ Wilson, MacKenzie. "Electric Version – The New Pornographers". AllMusic. Retrieved December 14, 2015. ^ "The New Pornographers: Electric Version". Alternative Press (180): 112. July 2003. ^ Smith, RJ (May 2003). "New Pornographers: Electric Version". Blender (16): 122. Archived from the original on October 27, 2004. Retrieved February 21, 2016. ^ Raftery, Brian M. (May 9, 2003). "Electric Version". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on June 20, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2015. ^ Simpson, Dave (May 9, 2003). "New Pornographers: Electric Version". The Guardian. Retrieved December 14, 2015. ^ LeMay, Matt (May 6, 2003). "The New Pornographers: Electric Version". Pitchfork. Retrieved December 14, 2015. ^ Hoard, Christian (May 15, 2003). "The New Pornographers: Electric Version". Rolling Stone. p. 135. Archived from the original on March 28, 2004. Retrieved September 24, 2016. ^ Wolk, Douglas (2004). "The New Pornographers". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. p. 583. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8. ^ "The New Pornographers – Electric Version". Uncut (73): 98. June 2003. Archived from the original on August 28, 2005. Retrieved December 14, 2015. ^ Christgau, Robert (June 24, 2003). "Consumer Guide: Diffusion Rools". The Village Voice. Retrieved December 14, 2015. ^ "The 2003 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll". The Village Voice. February 17, 2004. Retrieved February 14, 2012. ^ "Best Music of 2003 | #16–20". PopMatters. December 17, 2003. Retrieved February 14, 2012. ^ "100 Best Albums of the 2000s". Rolling Stone. July 11, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2012. ^ Kohler, Chris (October 29, 2007). "Remember: Rock Band's Set List Is What You Make It". Wired. Retrieved November 3, 2007. ^ Dahlen, Chris (July 17, 2008). "Harmonix Music Systems". The A.V. Club. Retrieved July 19, 2008. ^ "Billboard". 2009-02-14. External links Electric Version at Discogs (list of releases) Electric Version at Metacritic vteThe New Pornographers Kathryn Calder Neko Case John Collins Todd Fancey Carl Newman Joe Seiders Simi Stone Blaine Thurier Dan Bejar Kurt Dahle Fisher Rose Studio albums Mass Romantic (2000) Electric Version (2003) Twin Cinema (2005) Challengers (2007) Together (2010) Brill Bruisers (2014) Whiteout Conditions (2017) In the Morse Code of Brake Lights (2019) Continue as a Guest (2023) Live albums Live! (2006) Authority control databases MusicBrainz release group
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"indie rock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie_rock"},{"link_name":"The New Pornographers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Pornographers"},{"link_name":"Matador Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matador_Records"},{"link_name":"Mint Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mint_Records"},{"link_name":"The Village Voice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Village_Voice"},{"link_name":"Pazz & Jop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazz_%26_Jop"},{"link_name":"PopMatters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PopMatters"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Rolling Stone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Rock Band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Band_(video_game)"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Nielsen SoundScan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nielsen_SoundScan"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"text":"Electric Version is the second studio album by Canadian indie rock group The New Pornographers. It was released on Matador Records and Mint Records on May 6, 2003.Electric Version placed at number seven in The Village Voice's Pazz & Jop poll of 2003 and was ranked at number 20 on PopMatters' Best Music of 2003 list.[12][13] In 2009, the album ranked number 79 in Rolling Stone's \"100 Best Albums of the Decade\".[14]\"The Electric Version\" is included as a playable song in the video game Rock Band,[15] after narrowly avoiding being cut.[16]As of 2009, sales in the United States have exceeded 113,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan.[17]","title":"Electric Version"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Carl Newman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._C._Newman"},{"link_name":"Neko Case","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neko_Case"},{"link_name":"Dan Bejar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Bejar"}],"text":"All songs written and sung by Carl Newman, except as noted.No.TitleVocalsLength1.\"The Electric Version\" 2:532.\"From Blown Speakers\" 2:493.\"The Laws Have Changed\"Neko Case, Newman3:264.\"The End of Medicine\" 2:375.\"Loose Translation\" 2:596.\"Chump Change\" (Dan Bejar)Bejar4:187.\"All for Swinging You Around\"Case3:428.\"The New Face of Zero and One\"Case, Newman4:119.\"Testament to Youth in Verse\" (Bejar)Bejar3:5710.\"It's Only Divine Right\" 4:1111.\"Ballad of a Comeback Kid\" (Bejar)Bejar3:5112.\"July Jones\" 4:1813.\"Miss Teen Wordpower\"Case, Newman3:23Total length:46:41Japanese bonus trackNo.TitleLength14.\"Turn\"3:52","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Carl Newman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Newman"},{"link_name":"vocals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singing"},{"link_name":"guitar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar"},{"link_name":"keyboards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_instrument"},{"link_name":"melodeon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodeon_(organ)"},{"link_name":"Neko Case","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neko_Case"},{"link_name":"bass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_guitar"},{"link_name":"baritone guitar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baritone_guitar"},{"link_name":"Blaine Thurier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaine_Thurier"},{"link_name":"Kurt Dahle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Dahle"},{"link_name":"drums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_kit"},{"link_name":"percussion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percussion_instrument"},{"link_name":"double bass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_bass"},{"link_name":"Todd Fancey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Fancey"},{"link_name":"Dan Bejar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Bejar"},{"link_name":"Nora O'Connor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nora_O%27Connor"},{"link_name":"saxophone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxophone"},{"link_name":"violin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violin"},{"link_name":"cello","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cello"},{"link_name":"The New Pornographers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Pornographers"},{"link_name":"production","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_Producer"},{"link_name":"Howard Redekopp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Redekopp"},{"link_name":"engineering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Engineer"},{"link_name":"mixing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixing_Engineer"}],"text":"MusiciansCarl Newman – vocals, guitar, keyboards, melodeon\nNeko Case – vocals\nJohn Collins – bass, baritone guitar, keyboards\nBlaine Thurier – keyboards\nKurt Dahle – drums, percussion, vocals, double bass\nTodd Fancey – guitar, keyboards\nDan Bejar (secret member) – vocals\nNora O'Connor – additional vocals\nTim Sars – saxophone\nMonica Cattaway – violin\nNyla Rainey – celloProductionThe New Pornographers - production\nHoward Redekopp - engineering, mixing","title":"Personnel"}]
[]
null
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Retrieved December 14, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20050828151102/http://www.uncut.co.uk:80/music/the_new_pornographers/reviews/5534","url_text":"\"The New Pornographers – Electric Version\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncut_(magazine)","url_text":"Uncut"},{"url":"http://www.uncut.co.uk/music/the_new_pornographers/reviews/5534","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Christgau, Robert (June 24, 2003). \"Consumer Guide: Diffusion Rools\". The Village Voice. Retrieved December 14, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Christgau","url_text":"Christgau, Robert"},{"url":"http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/cg/cgv703-03.php","url_text":"\"Consumer Guide: Diffusion Rools\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Village_Voice","url_text":"The Village Voice"}]},{"reference":"\"The 2003 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll\". The Village Voice. February 17, 2004. Retrieved February 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/pnj/pjres03.php","url_text":"\"The 2003 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Village_Voice","url_text":"The Village Voice"}]},{"reference":"\"Best Music of 2003 | #16–20\". PopMatters. December 17, 2003. Retrieved February 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.popmatters.com/feature/best2003-index-16-20/","url_text":"\"Best Music of 2003 | #16–20\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PopMatters","url_text":"PopMatters"}]},{"reference":"\"100 Best Albums of the 2000s\". Rolling Stone. July 11, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-best-albums-of-the-2000s-20110718/the-new-pornographers-electric-version-20110711","url_text":"\"100 Best Albums of the 2000s\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone","url_text":"Rolling Stone"}]},{"reference":"Kohler, Chris (October 29, 2007). \"Remember: Rock Band's Set List Is What You Make It\". Wired. Retrieved November 3, 2007.","urls":[{"url":"http://blog.wired.com/games/2007/10/remember-rock-1.html","url_text":"\"Remember: Rock Band's Set List Is What You Make It\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_(magazine)","url_text":"Wired"}]},{"reference":"Dahlen, Chris (July 17, 2008). \"Harmonix Music Systems\". The A.V. Club. Retrieved July 19, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.avclub.com/article/harmonix-music-systems-14273","url_text":"\"Harmonix Music Systems\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_A.V._Club","url_text":"The A.V. Club"}]},{"reference":"\"Billboard\". 2009-02-14.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=UUF2dfsdl7wC&dq=calexico+album+sales&pg=PT32","url_text":"\"Billboard\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karroochloa
Tribolium (plant)
["1 References"]
Genus of grasses Tribolium Tribolium uniolae Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Clade: Commelinids Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Subfamily: Danthonioideae Tribe: Danthonieae Genus: TriboliumDesv. Type species Tribolium hispidum(Thunb.) Desv. Synonyms Lasiochloa Kunth Allagostachyum Nees Urochlaena Nees Plagiochloa Adamson & Sprague Karroochloa Conert & Türpe Tribolium is a genus of African plants in the grass family, native to South Africa and neighboring countries. Species Tribolium acutiflorum Tribolium alternans Tribolium amplexum Tribolium angustifolium Tribolium brachystachyum Tribolium capensis Tribolium ciliare Tribolium curvum Tribolium echinatum Tribolium hispidum Tribolium obliterum Tribolium obtusifolium Tribolium pleuropogon Tribolium purpureum Tribolium pusillum Tribolium tenellum Tribolium uniolae Tribolium utriculosum References ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families ^ Desvaux, Nicaise Augustin. 1831. Mémoires de la Société d'Agriculture, Sciences et Arts d'Angers 1: 168 description in Latin, commentary in French ^ Desvaux, Nicaise Augustin. 1831. Mémoires de la Société d'Agriculture, Sciences et Arts d'Angers 1: plate 7, figure 2 on left line drawing of Tribolium hispidum ^ The Plant List search for Tribolium Taxon identifiersTribolium Wikidata: Q2803063 Wikispecies: Tribolium (Plantae) APNI: 151456 BOLD: 293884 CoL: 8VS5Y FloraBase: 22344 FoAO2: Tribolium GBIF: 3232885 GrassBase: gen00648 GRIN: 12281 iNaturalist: 178764 IPNI: 19173-1 IRMNG: 1311075 ITIS: 781303 NBN: NHMSYS0000464538 NCBI: 89526 Open Tree of Life: 546761 PLANTS: TRIBO POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:19173-1 Tropicos: 40016995 VicFlora: 432904b7-a75e-45c2-8afc-bfe2d0f21561 WFO: wfo-4000038887
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"African","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa"},{"link_name":"grass family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poaceae"},{"link_name":"South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-y-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Tribolium acutiflorum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_acutiflorum&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium alternans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_alternans&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium amplexum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_amplexum&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium angustifolium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_angustifolium&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium brachystachyum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_brachystachyum&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium capensis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_capensis&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium ciliare","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_ciliare&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium curvum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_curvum&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium echinatum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_echinatum&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium hispidum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_hispidum&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium obliterum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_obliterum&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium obtusifolium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_obtusifolium&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium pleuropogon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_pleuropogon&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium purpureum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_purpureum&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium pusillum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_pusillum&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium tenellum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_tenellum&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tribolium uniolae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribolium_uniolae"},{"link_name":"Tribolium utriculosum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribolium_utriculosum&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"Tribolium is a genus of African plants in the grass family, native to South Africa and neighboring countries.[2][3]Species[1][4]Tribolium acutiflorum\nTribolium alternans\nTribolium amplexum\nTribolium angustifolium\nTribolium brachystachyum\nTribolium capensis\nTribolium ciliare\nTribolium curvum\nTribolium echinatum\nTribolium hispidum\nTribolium obliterum\nTribolium obtusifolium\nTribolium pleuropogon\nTribolium purpureum\nTribolium pusillum\nTribolium tenellum\nTribolium uniolae\nTribolium utriculosum","title":"Tribolium (plant)"}]
[]
null
[]
[{"Link":"http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=446834","external_links_name":"Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families"},{"Link":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34566566#page/220/mode/1up","external_links_name":"Desvaux, Nicaise Augustin. 1831. Mémoires de la Société d'Agriculture, Sciences et Arts d'Angers 1: 168"},{"Link":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34566566#page/286/mode/1up","external_links_name":"Desvaux, Nicaise Augustin. 1831. Mémoires de la Société d'Agriculture, Sciences et Arts d'Angers 1: plate 7, figure 2 on left"},{"Link":"http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Tribolium","external_links_name":"The Plant List search for Tribolium"},{"Link":"https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/151456","external_links_name":"151456"},{"Link":"http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=293884","external_links_name":"293884"},{"Link":"https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8VS5Y","external_links_name":"8VS5Y"},{"Link":"https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/22344","external_links_name":"22344"},{"Link":"https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Tribolium","external_links_name":"Tribolium"},{"Link":"https://www.gbif.org/species/3232885","external_links_name":"3232885"},{"Link":"http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db/www/gen00648","external_links_name":"gen00648"},{"Link":"https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=12281","external_links_name":"12281"},{"Link":"https://inaturalist.org/taxa/178764","external_links_name":"178764"},{"Link":"https://www.ipni.org/n/19173-1","external_links_name":"19173-1"},{"Link":"https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1311075","external_links_name":"1311075"},{"Link":"https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=781303","external_links_name":"781303"},{"Link":"https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000464538","external_links_name":"NHMSYS0000464538"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=89526","external_links_name":"89526"},{"Link":"https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=546761","external_links_name":"546761"},{"Link":"https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=TRIBO","external_links_name":"TRIBO"},{"Link":"https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A19173-1","external_links_name":"urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:19173-1"},{"Link":"http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40016995","external_links_name":"40016995"},{"Link":"https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/432904b7-a75e-45c2-8afc-bfe2d0f21561","external_links_name":"432904b7-a75e-45c2-8afc-bfe2d0f21561"},{"Link":"https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000038887","external_links_name":"wfo-4000038887"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Cox_(minister)
Samuel Cox (minister)
["1 Biography","2 Family","3 Assessment","4 Works","5 References","6 External links"]
Samuel Cox. Picture used with kind permission of the Angus Library and Archive, Regent’s Park College. Samuel Cox (19 April 1826 – 1893) was an English nonconformist divine and Christian universalist, born in London. Biography He was born on 19 April 1826 near London, and educated at a school at Stoke Newington. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed at the London docks, where his father was employed, but on the expiration of his indentures resigned his position and entered the Stepney College to prepare himself for the baptist ministry. After passing the college course and matriculating at London University, Cox became in 1852 pastor of the baptist chapel in St. Paul's Square, Southsea. In 1854. he accepted an invitation to Ryde, Isle of Wight, where he remained till 1859. A disorder in the throat compelled him to desist from preaching, and caused him to turn his attention seriously to literature. He wrote for the Freeman, the organ of the baptists, and occasionally acted as editor, and became a contributor to the Nonconformist, the Christian Spectator, the Quiver, and other religious periodicals. In 1861, he was appointed secretary to the committee for arranging the bicentenary of the ejectment in 1662. But the throat delicacy proved less permanent than had been feared, so that in 1863 he ventured to accept a call to the pastorate of the Mansfield Road baptist chapel, Nottingham, a position he occupied successfully and happily till 1888, when failing health compelled his resignation. He was president of the Baptist Association in 1873 and received the degree of DD from St Andrews in 1882. He retired to Hastings, where he died on 27 March 1893. He was buried in the general cemetery at Nottingham. Family In 1873 he married Eliza Tebbutt of Bluntisham, Huntingdonshire. Assessment Although Cox's ministry was effective and zealous, his chief activity was as a writer. His resumption of ministerial work in 1863 did not interfere with his literary energy, which led to his undertaking in 1875 the editorship of the Expositor. The conception of this monthly magazine was evolved by Cox from his own work as a preacher and writer on the Bible. He was editor till 1884, being responsible for volumes i. to xx., some of which he wrote almost entirely himself. But he gathered round him a distinguished staff, including such men as Drs. Magee, Farrar, Marcus Dods, and Professor Robertson Smith. The influence of the magazine upon religious thought in England can hardly be over-estimated. Its general tendency is perhaps best indicated by a sentence in Cox's own exposition of his aims in the first number : 'Our sole purpose is to expound the scriptures honestly and intelligently by permitting them to explain themselves ; neither thrusting upon them miracles which they do not claim or dogmas to which they lend no support, nor venturing to question the doctrines they obviously teach or the miracles which they plainly affirm.' Cox's services to learning received the re- markable recognition of nearly simultaneous offers from Aberdeen, Edinburgh, and St. Andrews Universities of their degree of D.D. Cox accepted in 1882 the offer of the last-named, but found himself compelled after 1884 to resign his editorship because the breadth of his views had become displeasing to the proprietors of the magazine. Works Cox wrote that he was the writer of thirty volumes and the editor of twenty more. He had gifts as a biblical expositor and was the founder and first editor of a monthly journal The Expositor (1875-1884). Among the best known of his numerous theological publications are Salvator Mundi: Or, Is Christ the Saviour of All Men? (1877); A Commentary on the Book of Job (1880); and The Larger Hope (1883). Among his other works, usually "by S. C.", were: The Secret of Life: being eight Sermons preached at Nottingham, London, 1866. The Private Letters of St. Paul and St. John, London, 1867. This book, well reviewed by George Macdonald in The Spectator, was Cox's first success as an author. The Quest of the Chief Good: Expository Lectures on the Book Ecclesiastes, London, 1868; this was rewritten for the Expositor's Bible and published in 1890 as The Book of Ecclesiastes, with a New Translation. The Resurrection. Twelve Expository Essays on the Fifteenth Chapter of St. Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians, London, 1869. Sermons for my Curates, by Thomas Toke Lynch (1871), editor. An Expositor's Note-Book ; or, Brief Essays on Obscure or Misread Scriptures, London, 1872. Biblical Expositions; or, Brief Essays on Obscure or Misread Scriptures, London, 1874; this is effectively a second volume of the above. The Pilgrim Psalms, an Exposition of the Songs of Degrees, London, 1874. The Book of Ruth. A Popular Exposition, London. Expository Essays and Discourses, London, 1877. Salvator Mundi ; or, Is Christ the Saviour of all Men? London, 1877. This was the most widely read and most influential work. It was followed in 1883 by a sequel, The Larger Hope, London; in which the author defined his position on universalism, and answered some critics. The Doctrines of Annihilation and Universalism . . . With critical notes and a Review of "Salvator Mundi" (London, 1881), by Thomas Wood was a retort. Its postscript of challenges Cox's impartiality as editor of the Expositor, an instance of the sort of complaint that brought about his resignation. A Commentary on the Book of Job, with a Translation, London, 1880. The Genesis of Evil, and other Sermons, mainly Expository, London, 1880. Balaam : an Exposition and a Study, London, 1884. Miracles: an Argument and a Challenge, London, 1884. Expositions, London, 1885; this continued over four volumes. The Bird's Nest and other Sermons for Children of all Ages, London, 1886. The House and its Builder, with other Discourses, London, 1889. The Hebrew Twins : a Vindication of God's Ways with Jacob and Esau. By Cox, Prefatory Memoir by his wife Eliza Cox, London, 1894. References ^ a b c d e f Bayne 1901. Attribution  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bayne, Ronald (1901). "Cox, Samuel". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co. External links Works by Samuel Cox at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Samuel Cox at Internet Archive Samuel Cox on mercyuponall.org Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Israel United States Australia People Trove Other IdRef
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Picture used with kind permission of the Angus Library and Archive, Regent’s Park College.Samuel Cox (19 April 1826 – 1893) was an English nonconformist divine and Christian universalist, born in London.","title":"Samuel Cox (minister)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Stoke Newington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoke_Newington"},{"link_name":"London docks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Docklands"},{"link_name":"Stepney College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepney_College"},{"link_name":"London University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_University"},{"link_name":"Southsea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southsea"},{"link_name":"Nottingham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottingham"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBayne1901-1"},{"link_name":"DD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Divinity"},{"link_name":"St Andrews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews"},{"link_name":"Hastings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastings"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBayne1901-1"},{"link_name":"general cemetery at Nottingham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottingham_General_Cemetery"}],"text":"He was born on 19 April 1826 near London, and educated at a school at Stoke Newington. \nAt the age of fourteen he was apprenticed at the London docks, where his father was employed, but on the expiration of his indentures resigned his position and entered the Stepney College to prepare himself for the baptist ministry. \nAfter passing the college course and matriculating at London University, Cox became in 1852 pastor of the baptist chapel in St. Paul's Square, Southsea. \nIn 1854. he accepted an invitation to Ryde, Isle of Wight, where he remained till 1859. \nA disorder in the throat compelled him to desist from preaching, and caused him to turn his attention seriously to literature. He wrote for the Freeman, the organ of the baptists, and occasionally acted as editor, and became a contributor to the Nonconformist, the Christian Spectator, the Quiver, and other religious periodicals. \nIn 1861, he was appointed secretary to the committee for arranging the bicentenary of the ejectment in 1662. But the throat delicacy proved less permanent than had been feared, so that in 1863 he ventured to accept a call to the pastorate of the Mansfield Road baptist chapel, Nottingham, a position he occupied successfully and happily till 1888, when failing health compelled his resignation. [1]He was president of the Baptist Association in 1873 and received the degree of DD from St Andrews in 1882.He retired to Hastings, where he died on 27 March 1893. [1]He was buried in the general cemetery at Nottingham.","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bluntisham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluntisham"},{"link_name":"Huntingdonshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntingdonshire"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBayne1901-1"}],"text":"In 1873 he married Eliza Tebbutt of Bluntisham, Huntingdonshire.[1]","title":"Family"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBayne1901-1"}],"text":"Although Cox's ministry was effective and zealous, his chief activity was as a writer. His resumption of ministerial work in 1863 did not interfere with his literary energy, which led to his undertaking in 1875 the editorship of the Expositor. The conception of this monthly magazine was evolved by Cox from his own work as a preacher and writer on the Bible. He was editor till 1884, being responsible for volumes i. to xx., some of which he wrote almost entirely himself. But he gathered round him a distinguished staff, including such men as Drs. Magee, Farrar, Marcus Dods, and Professor Robertson Smith. The influence of the magazine upon religious thought in England can hardly be over-estimated. Its general tendency is perhaps best indicated by a sentence in Cox's own exposition of his aims in the first number : 'Our sole purpose is to expound the scriptures honestly and intelligently by permitting them to explain themselves ; neither thrusting upon them miracles which they do not claim or dogmas to which they lend no support, nor venturing to question the doctrines they obviously teach or the miracles which they plainly affirm.' Cox's services to learning received the re- markable recognition of nearly simultaneous offers from Aberdeen, Edinburgh, and St. Andrews Universities of their degree of D.D. Cox accepted in 1882 the offer of the last-named, but found himself compelled after 1884 to resign his editorship because the breadth of his views had become displeasing to the proprietors of the magazine. [1]","title":"Assessment"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBayne1901-1"},{"link_name":"expositor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition_(literary_technique)"},{"link_name":"Salvator Mundi: Or, Is Christ the Saviour of All Men?","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.auburn.edu/~allenkc/munditit.html"},{"link_name":"George Macdonald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Macdonald"},{"link_name":"Thomas Toke Lynch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Toke_Lynch"},{"link_name":"universalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universalism"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBayne1901-1"}],"text":"Cox wrote that he was the writer of thirty volumes and the editor of twenty more.[1] \nHe had gifts as a biblical expositor and was the founder and first editor of a monthly journal The Expositor (1875-1884). Among the best known of his numerous theological publications are Salvator Mundi: Or, Is Christ the Saviour of All Men? (1877); A Commentary on the Book of Job (1880); and The Larger Hope (1883).Among his other works, usually \"by S. C.\", were:The Secret of Life: being eight Sermons preached at Nottingham, London, 1866.\nThe Private Letters of St. Paul and St. John, London, 1867. This book, well reviewed by George Macdonald in The Spectator, was Cox's first success as an author.\nThe Quest of the Chief Good: Expository Lectures on the Book Ecclesiastes, London, 1868; this was rewritten for the Expositor's Bible and published in 1890 as The Book of Ecclesiastes, with a New Translation.\nThe Resurrection. Twelve Expository Essays on the Fifteenth Chapter of St. Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians, London, 1869.\nSermons for my Curates, by Thomas Toke Lynch (1871), editor.\nAn Expositor's Note-Book ; or, Brief Essays on Obscure or Misread Scriptures, London, 1872.\nBiblical Expositions; or, Brief Essays on Obscure or Misread Scriptures, London, 1874; this is effectively a second volume of the above.\nThe Pilgrim Psalms, an Exposition of the Songs of Degrees, London, 1874.\nThe Book of Ruth. A Popular Exposition, London.\nExpository Essays and Discourses, London, 1877.\nSalvator Mundi ; or, Is Christ the Saviour of all Men? London, 1877. This was the most widely read and most influential work. It was followed in 1883 by a sequel, The Larger Hope, London; in which the author defined his position on universalism, and answered some critics. The Doctrines of Annihilation and Universalism . . . With critical notes and a Review of \"Salvator Mundi\" (London, 1881), by Thomas Wood was a retort. Its postscript of challenges Cox's impartiality as editor of the Expositor, an instance of the sort of complaint that brought about his resignation.\nA Commentary on the Book of Job, with a Translation, London, 1880.\nThe Genesis of Evil, and other Sermons, mainly Expository, London, 1880.\nBalaam : an Exposition and a Study, London, 1884.\nMiracles: an Argument and a Challenge, London, 1884.\nExpositions, London, 1885; this continued over four volumes.\nThe Bird's Nest and other Sermons for Children of all Ages, London, 1886.\nThe House and its Builder, with other Discourses, London, 1889.\nThe Hebrew Twins : a Vindication of God's Ways with Jacob and Esau. By Cox, Prefatory Memoir by his wife Eliza Cox, London, 1894.[1]","title":"Works"}]
[{"image_text":"Samuel Cox. Picture used with kind permission of the Angus Library and Archive, Regent’s Park College.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Samuel_Cox_%28minister%29.jpg/220px-Samuel_Cox_%28minister%29.jpg"}]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Astengo
Eduardo Astengo
["1 Career","2 Honours","3 References","4 External links"]
Peruvian footballer (1909-1979) In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Astengo and the second or maternal family name is Campodonico. Eduardo AstengoPersonal informationFull name Eduardo Virgilio Gerónimo Astengo Campodonico Date of birth (1909-06-26)26 June 1909Place of birth Lima, PeruDate of death 10 September 1979(1979-09-10) (aged 70)Height 1.97 m (6 ft 6 in)Position(s) MidfielderSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1929–1931 Universitario International career1930 Peru 1 (0) *Club domestic league appearances and goals Eduardo Virgilio Gerónimo Astengo Campodonico (26 June 1909, in Lima, Perú – 10 September 1979) was a Peruvian football midfielder. Career During his career he has made one appearances for the Peru national team at the FIFA World Cup 1930 against. His career in club football was spent with Universitario de Deportes. Honours Universitario de Deportes Peruvian First Division: 1929 References ^ a b "FamilySearch". ancestors.familysearch.org. Retrieved 2 July 2023. ^ "Eduardo Astengo - Stats and titles won". footballdatabase.eu. Retrieved 2 July 2023. External links Eduardo Astengo – FIFA competition record (archived) vtePeru squad – 1929 South American Championship fourth place GK Pardon GK Segalá DF de las Casas DF Maquilón DF Saldarriaga MF Astengo MF Denegri MF Galindo MF Mustafich MF Salas FW Breiding FW Bulnes FW Góngora FW Lizarbe FW Muro FW Nué FW Ortega FW Ramírez FW Rostaing Coach: Borrelli vtePeru squad – 1930 FIFA World Cup MF Astengo FW Cillóniz DF de las Casas MF Denegri DF Fernández MF Galindo MF García FW Góngora FW Lavalle FW Lores DF Maquilón FW Neyra FW Pacheco GK Pardon MF Quintana FW Rodríguez Nue FW Sarmiento DF Soria FW Souza GK Valdivieso MF Valle FW Villanueva Coach: Bru This biographical article related to a football midfielder from Peru is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Spanish name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_name"},{"link_name":"surname","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-1"},{"link_name":"Lima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima"},{"link_name":"Perú","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%BA"},{"link_name":"football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football"},{"link_name":"midfielder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midfielder"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Astengo and the second or maternal family name is Campodonico.Eduardo Virgilio Gerónimo Astengo Campodonico [1] (26 June 1909, in Lima, Perú – 10 September 1979) was a Peruvian football midfielder.[2]","title":"Eduardo Astengo"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"clarification needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify"},{"link_name":"Universitario de Deportes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitario_de_Deportes"}],"text":"During his career he has made one appearances for the Peru national team at the FIFA World Cup 1930 against[clarification needed].\nHis career in club football was spent with Universitario de Deportes.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Peruvian First Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvian_First_Division"},{"link_name":"1929","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929_Peruvian_Primera_Divisi%C3%B3n"}],"text":"Universitario de DeportesPeruvian First Division: 1929","title":"Honours"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N._J._Crisp
N. J. Crisp
["1 Writing credits","2 References","3 External links"]
British television writer, dramatist and novelist N. J. CrispBorn(1923-12-11)11 December 1923Southampton, EnglandDied14 June 2005(2005-06-14) (aged 81)Southampton, EnglandOccupationNovelist, playwright and screenwriter.Period1959–2005GenreComedy, drama, adventure, science fictionSpouseMarguerite LoweChildren3 sons, 1 daughter Norman James Crisp (11 December 1923 – 14 June 2005), known as a writer only by his initials and surname, N. J. Crisp, was a prolific British television writer, dramatist and novelist. In the sixties after writing some single dramas, Crisp moved to writing for serials and turned out scripts for many BBC series including Compact, R3, Dixon of Dock Green, Dr Finlay's Casebook, Colditz and Secret Army. In 1968, he co-created The Expert, a serial about a forensic scientist, with its producer Gerard Glaister. Four years later the pair repeated these roles with the boardroom drama The Brothers. His 1996 play That Good Night starred Donald Sinden, Nigel Davenport, Lucy Fleming, Patrick Ryecart and Julie-Kate Olivier and was directed by Edward Hall. The film of the same title, based on Crisp's play, received its world premiere in June 2017 at the Edinburgh International Film Festival. It was John Hurt's final film, and was nominated for the Michael Powell Award for Best British Feature Film. Crisp's 1987 psychological thriller Dangerous Obsession was filmed in 1999 as Darkness Falls, starring Ray Winstone, Tim Dutton and Sherilyn Fenn. However, Crisp was so appalled at the end result and how his famously intricate plot had been turned on its head without his permission that he insisted on having his name removed from the final print. He was married to Marguerite (née Lowe), had three sons and one daughter and five grandchildren. Writing credits Production Notes Broadcaster The Dark Man Television drama (1960) BBC Television BBC Sunday-Night Play "A Kind of Strength" (1961) "The Alderman" (1962) "The Man Who Opted Out" (1962) "The Stepfather" (1962) BBC Television ITV Play of the Week "Two on the Beach" (1961) "The Gentle Assassin" (1962) "Danger Zone" (1963) ITV 24-Hour Call "Cry for Help" (1963) ITV Taxi! "The Runaway" (1963) "The Accident" (1963) BBC Television Compact "A Job for the Boy" (1963) BBC Television It's a Woman's World "Jean" (1964) ITV Dixon of Dock Green 66 episodes (1964–1972, 1974–1975) BBC1 The Sullavan Brothers "The Guilty Go Free" (1965) ITV Armchair Mystery Theatre "The Hunter" (1965) ITV The Man in Room 17 "The Seat of Power" (1965) ITV R3 "The Astronaut" (1964) "A State of Anxiety" (1964) "Patterns of Behaviour" (1965) "The Fratton Experiment" (1965) "Experiment in Death" (1965) BBC1 The Flying Swan "The Cupboard" (1965) "The Contract" (1965) BBC1 Quick Before They Catch Us "Power of Three" (1966) BBC1 Trapped "Journey Into Nowhere" (1967) ITV The Revenue Men 6 episodes (1967–1968) BBC2 The First Lady "A Little Goodwill" (1968) "Yes, But Who Am I?" (1968) BBC1 Dr. Finlay's Casebook 15 episodes (1964–1967, 1969) BBC1 The Doctors "Episode #1.7" (1969) "Episode #1.8" (1969) BBC1 Doomwatch "Project Sahara" (co-written with Gerry Davis and Kit Pedler, 1970) BBC1 Codename "Target" (1970) BBC2 With Love in Mind Feature film (1970) N/A Owen, M.D. 6 episodes (1971–1972) BBC1 The Long Chase 13 episodes (1972) BBC1 The Man Who Was Hunting Himself Television miniseries (1973) BBC1 Spy Trap 7 episodes (1972–1973) BBC1 Orson Welles Great Mysteries "The Power of Fear" (1973) "Ice Storm" (1974) ITV Colditz "Welcome to Colditz" (1972) "Bribery and Corruption" (1972) "Arrival of a Hero" (1974) "The Gambler" (1974) "Death Sentence" (1974) BBC1 You're on Your Own 6 episodes (co-written with Gerard Glaister, 1975) BBC1 Oil Strike North "The Floating Bomb" (1975) "Shore Leave" (1975) "The Fatal Hours: Part 1" (1975) "The Fatal Hours: Part 2" (1975) BBC1 Dangerous Knowledge 6 episodes (1976) ITV The Expert 62 episodes (1968–1976) BBC1 The Brothers 92 episodes (1972–1976) BBC1 The Gotland Deal First book in the 'Sidney Kenyon' series (1976) Novel Jubilee "Ramsey" (1977) BBC1 The Odd Job Man Hardback Edition (1977) Novel The Mackinnons "Man from the Past" (1977) "Working Weekend" (1977) "The Ex-Mrs. Mackinnon" (1977) "A New Life" (1977) BBC1 Secret Army 9 episodes (1977–1979) BBC1 The London Deal Second book in the 'Sidney Kenyon' series (1978) Novel Enemy at the Door "The Librarian" (1978) "The Jerrybag" (1978) "Post Mortem" (1980) "The Right Blood" (1980) ITV A Family Affair Published the same year as his BBC TV Drama (1979) Novel A Family Affair 10 episodes (1979) BBC1 Jet Set Theatre Royal, Bath (1979–1980) Stage Play Buccaneer 13 episodes (1980) BBC1 Festival Hardback edition (1981) Novel Squadron "Independence Day" (1982) BBC1 The Brink Hardback edition (1982) Novel Yesterday's Gone Hardback edition (1983) Novel The Odd Job Man Television miniseries (1984) BBC1 Sherlock Holmes and the Masks of Death Television film (co-written with Anthony Hinds, 1984) Channel 4 Fighting Chance Apollo (Shaftesbury Avenue), London (1985–1985) Stage Play Murder Elite Feature film (1985) N/A Strike It Rich! "Suspicions" (1986) "Extraordinary General Meeting" (1986) BBC1 In the Long Run The first book in the 'Stephen Haden' series (1987) Novel The Ninth Circle The second book in the 'Stephen Haden' series (1988) Novel Dangerous Obsession Theatre Royal, Bath (1989–1990) Stage play Sunday Pursuit Short film (1990) HTV Coup de Foudre "Retour" (co-written with Jean Curtelin, 1991) Canal+France 2 Suspicions Full Length play, Drama (1992) Stage play That Good Night Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, Guildford (1996) Stage play That Good Night World premiere in June 2017 Released in UK cinemas on 11 May 2018 Film References Obituary: N. J. CRISP The Independent, 18 August 2005, by Anthony Hayward NJ Crisp The Stage, 19 July 2005 by Patrick Newley External links N.J. Crisp at IMDb Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National France BnF data Israel United States Netherlands Other IdRef This article about an English writer, poet or playwright is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Compact","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"R3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R3_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Dixon of Dock Green","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixon_of_Dock_Green"},{"link_name":"Dr Finlay's Casebook","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr_Finlay%27s_Casebook"},{"link_name":"Colditz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colditz_(1972_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Secret Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Army_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"The Expert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Expert_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Gerard Glaister","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_Glaister"},{"link_name":"The Brothers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brothers_(1972_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"That Good Night","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That_Good_Night"},{"link_name":"Donald Sinden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Sinden"},{"link_name":"Nigel Davenport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Davenport"},{"link_name":"Lucy Fleming","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Fleming"},{"link_name":"Patrick Ryecart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Ryecart"},{"link_name":"Julie-Kate Olivier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julie-Kate_Olivier&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Edward Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Hall_(director)"},{"link_name":"film of the same title","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That_Good_Night_(film)"},{"link_name":"Edinburgh International Film Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Film_Festival"},{"link_name":"John Hurt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hurt"},{"link_name":"Dangerous Obsession","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerous_Obsession"},{"link_name":"Darkness Falls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkness_Falls_(1999_film)"},{"link_name":"Ray Winstone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Winstone"},{"link_name":"Tim Dutton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Dutton"},{"link_name":"Sherilyn Fenn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherilyn_Fenn"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Norman James Crisp (11 December 1923 – 14 June 2005), known as a writer only by his initials and surname, N. J. Crisp, was a prolific British television writer, dramatist and novelist.In the sixties after writing some single dramas, Crisp moved to writing for serials and turned out scripts for many BBC series including Compact, R3, Dixon of Dock Green, Dr Finlay's Casebook, Colditz and Secret Army.In 1968, he co-created The Expert, a serial about a forensic scientist, with its producer Gerard Glaister. Four years later the pair repeated these roles with the boardroom drama The Brothers.His 1996 play That Good Night starred Donald Sinden, Nigel Davenport, Lucy Fleming, Patrick Ryecart and Julie-Kate Olivier and was directed by Edward Hall. The film of the same title, based on Crisp's play, received its world premiere in June 2017 at the Edinburgh International Film Festival. It was John Hurt's final film, and was nominated for the Michael Powell Award for Best British Feature Film.Crisp's 1987 psychological thriller Dangerous Obsession was filmed in 1999 as Darkness Falls, starring Ray Winstone, Tim Dutton and Sherilyn Fenn. However, Crisp was so appalled at the end result and how his famously intricate plot had been turned on its head without his permission that he insisted on having his name removed from the final print.[citation needed]He was married to Marguerite (née Lowe), had three sons and one daughter and five grandchildren.","title":"N. J. Crisp"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Writing credits"}]
[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barratry_(admiralty_law)
Barratry (admiralty law)
["1 Description","2 Case law","3 Penalties","4 Barratry in fiction","5 References"]
Admiralty law History Code of Hammurabi Corpus Juris Civilis Digesta Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris Amalfian Laws Hanseatic League Features Fishing Illegal Fisheries law Maritime transport Shipping/Ferry Cargo Freight Shipbuilding Merchant marine Cargo ship Passenger ship Mortgage Registration Marine insurance Act of God Cargo Collision General average Seaworthiness Total loss Maritime security Letter of marque Drugs Piracy Pollution Smuggling Wartime prizes Contract of carriage/Charterparty Affreightment Agency Barratry Bill of lading Brokerage Chartering Consignment Demurrage Force majeure Invoice Commercial Pro forma Laytime Lien Maritime Manifest Packing list Proof of delivery Salvage Law Terms International Waybill Parties Agent Factor Freight forwarder Captain (Master) The captain goes down with the ship Carrier Charterer Freight company Manager Consignee Consignor Principal Owner Seaman Mutiny Stevedore Judiciaries Admiralty court Vice admiralty court International conventions Hague-Visby Rules Hamburg Rules Rotterdam Rules Maritime Labour Convention International Convention on Salvage United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) International piracy law SOLAS Convention MARPOL Convention Ballast Water Management Convention Anti-fouling Convention International Convention on Load Lines International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea SAR Convention Athens Convention International organizations International Maritime Organization Comité Maritime International London Maritime Arbitrators Association vte For other uses, including other legal terms, see Barratry. In admiralty law, barratry is an act of gross misconduct committed by a master or crew of a vessel resulting in damage to the vessel or its cargo. These activities may include desertion, illegal scuttling, theft of the ship or cargo, and any act carried out against the best interests of the shipowner. As barratry is considered misconduct against the shipowner (or demise charterer), who is the only party having standing to sue for damages, any affected owners of cargo must normally bring claims against the shipowner (or demise charterer) for breach of contract of carriage to receive compensation. Description Barratry is defined in the Marine Insurance Act 1906 as "every wrongful act wilfully committed by the master or crew to the prejudice of the owner, or, as the case may be, the charterer" and thus usually considered a crime against the ship's owner. Therefore, if the owner himself chooses to wreck the ship, no crime is committed, as the owner has simply destroyed his own property. However, his actions can constitute a crime against any other owners of the ship. Harm to the crew can constitute barratry regardless of who damages the vessel. Throughout the 19th century, US courts struggled to define and understand the law of barratry. Courts have since concluded that negligence alone is not sufficient to qualify as barratry; rather, there must be an intentional act and an intent to defraud. Similarly, deviating from the assigned course does not itself constitute barratry. Barratry differs from the crime of mutiny in which the crew disobeys the captain of the ship in that in the former case, the crew remains loyal to the captain, who disobeys the owner of the ship. Case law The US Supreme Court case Patapsco Insurance Company v. Coulter explored the meaning of barratry in detail. In that case, a ship was provisioned to sail to Gibraltar to sell flour, the profits of which were to have been used to purchase goods in Marseille. However, at Gibraltar, a fire started aboard ship and destroying it and the cargo inside. The plaintiffs argued that the crew could have saved the ship but failed to do so. The court ruled that failure to extinguish a fire, even if negligent, does not constitute barratry. Fire was ruled the cause of the cargo's destruction, not barratry, and the insurance company was required to pay. National Union Fire Insurance Co. v. Republic of China et al. considered how the law of barratry applies during periods of civil war and insurrection. In the 1940s, the US had sold 13 ships to the Nationalist government of the Republic of China. In 1949, during the Chinese Civil War, the communist People's Republic of China took control of Mainland China and forced the Nationalist government to flee to Taiwan. Six of the ships were at ports in Mainland China, and a seventh was at sea. The Republic of China ordered all seven ships to set sail for Taiwan, but none of them complied since they chose instead to turn themselves over to the communist People's Republic of China. Although the Republic of China's insurance policy excluded losses from civil war, insurrection, or mutiny, it covered barratry. The court ruled that the ships had been lost to barratry, not mutiny, since the captains themselves had ordered their crews to hoist the flag of Communist China. Penalties Until 1888, barratry was a capital offense in the United States. Juries routinely refused to convict people of the crime, even if their guilt was obvious, because they did not agree with the death penalty for barratry. That came to a head with the destruction of Mary Celeste in 1885. Mary Celeste had become infamous after being discovered adrift in 1872, in good condition, with no one on board. In 1885, her final owner, Captain G. C. Parker, was accused of barratry for deliberately running her aground and burning her off the coast of Haiti and then making an exorbitant insurance claim for a nonexistent cargo. Despite the obvious attempt at insurance fraud and clear evidence of his guilt, five of the twelve jurors refused to convict Parker to avoid condemning him to death. The death penalty for barratry was abolished three years later. Barratry in fiction In Tom Clancy's 1984 novel The Hunt for Red October, the character Admiral Foster remarks that the apparent theft of the eponymous Soviet submarine Red October by Captain Marko Ramius and his officers with the intention of defecting with the submarine to the United States, constitutes barratry, and not mutiny. In the 1964 movie The Chalk Garden actress Hayley Mills says to a potential governess, “Maitland (the butler, played by her father, the actor John Mills) could , but he won't. He's a pyromaniac himself. Did seven years for barratry ...arson at sea". References ^ Modern Maritime Law - Alexa Mandaraka-Shappard ^ "Marine Insurance Act 1906". Retrieved 1 August 2022. ^ a b Robert Morton Hughes (1901). Handbook of admiralty law. West Publishing Company. p. 72. Retrieved December 14, 2011. barratry admiralty law. ^ "Understanding Barratry". Williams Kherker. Archived from the original on 2011-10-30. Retrieved December 14, 2011. ^ a b Nicholas Baylies; Sir Thomas Edlyne Tomlins; John Ilderton Burn (1814). A digested index to the modern reports, of the courts of common law, in England (1689–1809) and the United States (1799–1812). proprietors. pp. 227–228. Retrieved March 2, 2012. barratry ship. ^ a b Patapsco Insurance Company v. Coulter, 28 U.S. 222, 222 (United States Supreme Court 1830). ^ Elihu Lauterpacht; C J Greenwood (1963). International Law Reports. pp. 72–75. ISBN 9780521463713. Retrieved March 19, 2012., ^ Paul Collins (December 6, 2011). "Ghost Ship". Slate.com. Retrieved December 6, 2011. Portals: Law Oceans
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Barratry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barratry_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"admiralty law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty_law"},{"link_name":"gross misconduct","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_misconduct"},{"link_name":"desertion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertion"},{"link_name":"scuttling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuttling"},{"link_name":"cargo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo"},{"link_name":"shipowner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipowner"},{"link_name":"demise charterer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demise_charter"},{"link_name":"standing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_(law)"},{"link_name":"breach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breach_of_contract"},{"link_name":"contract of carriage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Carriage_of_Goods_by_Sea"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"For other uses, including other legal terms, see Barratry.In admiralty law, barratry is an act of gross misconduct committed by a master or crew of a vessel resulting in damage to the vessel or its cargo. These activities may include desertion, illegal scuttling, theft of the ship or cargo, and any act carried out against the best interests of the shipowner.As barratry is considered misconduct against the shipowner (or demise charterer), who is the only party having standing to sue for damages, any affected owners of cargo must normally bring claims against the shipowner (or demise charterer) for breach of contract of carriage to receive compensation.[1]","title":"Barratry (admiralty law)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Marine Insurance Act 1906","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Insurance_Act_1906"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hughes-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Baylies-5"},{"link_name":"US courts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=US_courts&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"negligence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negligence"},{"link_name":"defraud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraud"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hughes-3"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Baylies-5"},{"link_name":"mutiny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutiny"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Barratry is defined in the Marine Insurance Act 1906 as \"every wrongful act wilfully committed by the master or crew to the prejudice of the owner, or, as the case may be, the charterer\"[2] and thus usually considered a crime against the ship's owner. Therefore, if the owner himself chooses to wreck the ship, no crime is committed, as the owner has simply destroyed his own property. However, his actions can constitute a crime against any other owners of the ship.[3] Harm to the crew can constitute barratry regardless of who damages the vessel.[4][5] Throughout the 19th century, US courts struggled to define and understand the law of barratry. Courts have since concluded that negligence alone is not sufficient to qualify as barratry; rather, there must be an intentional act and an intent to defraud.[3] Similarly, deviating from the assigned course does not itself constitute barratry.[5]Barratry differs from the crime of mutiny in which the crew disobeys the captain of the ship in that in the former case, the crew remains loyal to the captain, who disobeys the owner of the ship.[citation needed]","title":"Description"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"US Supreme Court","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Supreme_Court"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-patapsco-6"},{"link_name":"Gibraltar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar"},{"link_name":"Marseille","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marseille"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-patapsco-6"},{"link_name":"civil war","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_war"},{"link_name":"insurrection","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurrection"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lauterpacht-7"},{"link_name":"Republic of China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%9349)"},{"link_name":"Chinese Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"People's Republic of China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China"},{"link_name":"Mainland China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainland_China"},{"link_name":"Taiwan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan"},{"link_name":"People's Republic of China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China"},{"link_name":"mutiny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutiny"},{"link_name":"flag of Communist China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_China"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"The US Supreme Court case Patapsco Insurance Company v. Coulter explored the meaning of barratry in detail.[6] In that case, a ship was provisioned to sail to Gibraltar to sell flour, the profits of which were to have been used to purchase goods in Marseille. However, at Gibraltar, a fire started aboard ship and destroying it and the cargo inside. The plaintiffs argued that the crew could have saved the ship but failed to do so. The court ruled that failure to extinguish a fire, even if negligent, does not constitute barratry. Fire was ruled the cause of the cargo's destruction, not barratry, and the insurance company was required to pay.[6]National Union Fire Insurance Co. v. Republic of China et al. considered how the law of barratry applies during periods of civil war and insurrection.[7] In the 1940s, the US had sold 13 ships to the Nationalist government of the Republic of China. In 1949, during the Chinese Civil War, the communist People's Republic of China took control of Mainland China and forced the Nationalist government to flee to Taiwan. Six of the ships were at ports in Mainland China, and a seventh was at sea. The Republic of China ordered all seven ships to set sail for Taiwan, but none of them complied since they chose instead to turn themselves over to the communist People's Republic of China. Although the Republic of China's insurance policy excluded losses from civil war, insurrection, or mutiny, it covered barratry. The court ruled that the ships had been lost to barratry, not mutiny, since the captains themselves had ordered their crews to hoist the flag of Communist China.[citation needed]","title":"Case law"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"capital offense","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment"},{"link_name":"refused to convict people of the crime, even if their guilt was obvious","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jury_nullification"},{"link_name":"Mary Celeste","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Celeste"},{"link_name":"deliberately running her aground and burning her","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Celeste#Later_history_and_fate"},{"link_name":"Haiti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti"},{"link_name":"insurance fraud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurance_fraud"},{"link_name":"death penalty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_penalty"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Until 1888, barratry was a capital offense in the United States. Juries routinely refused to convict people of the crime, even if their guilt was obvious, because they did not agree with the death penalty for barratry. That came to a head with the destruction of Mary Celeste in 1885. Mary Celeste had become infamous after being discovered adrift in 1872, in good condition, with no one on board. In 1885, her final owner, Captain G. C. Parker, was accused of barratry for deliberately running her aground and burning her off the coast of Haiti and then making an exorbitant insurance claim for a nonexistent cargo. Despite the obvious attempt at insurance fraud and clear evidence of his guilt, five of the twelve jurors refused to convict Parker to avoid condemning him to death. The death penalty for barratry was abolished three years later.[8]","title":"Penalties"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tom Clancy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Clancy"},{"link_name":"The Hunt for Red October","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunt_for_Red_October"},{"link_name":"The Chalk Garden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chalk_Garden_(film)"},{"link_name":"Hayley Mills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayley_Mills"},{"link_name":"John Mills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mills"}],"text":"In Tom Clancy's 1984 novel The Hunt for Red October, the character Admiral Foster remarks that the apparent theft of the eponymous Soviet submarine Red October by Captain Marko Ramius and his officers with the intention of defecting with the submarine to the United States, constitutes barratry, and not mutiny.\nIn the 1964 movie The Chalk Garden actress Hayley Mills says to a potential governess, “Maitland (the butler, played by her father, the actor John Mills) could [burn the house down one day], but he won't. He's a pyromaniac himself. Did seven years for barratry ...arson at sea\".","title":"Barratry in fiction"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setline
Trotline
["1 Variations","2 Construction","3 Setting the line","4 See also","5 References","6 External links"]
Type of heavy fishing line This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Trotline" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Portion of trotline, showing method of baiting on snoods A trotline is a heavy fishing line with shorter, baited branch lines commonly referred to as snoods suspending down at intervals using clips or swivels, with a hook at the free end of each snood. Trotlines are used in commercial angling and can be set up across a channel, river, or stream to cover an entire span of water. There are many ways to set a trotline, with most methods involving weights at the end of snoods to keep them neatly below the water surface. They are used for catching crabs or fish (particularly catfish). Trotlines should be used with caution as they are deemed illegal in many locations. Trotlines are similar to a longline, but longlines are fixed to a surface vessel at only one end and usually towed along the water, while trotlines are fixed (usually stationarily) to the surface at both ends via anchored boats, buoys or structures. It is also contrasted with droplines, as a trotline's mainline is laid horizontally across water with a series of vertically suspended snood lines, while a dropline's mainline is suspended vertically (using a weight) from a floating bouy with a series of side-branching snoods. Variations In its use in the commercial crabbing industry (on the Chesapeake Bay for example), a trotline is used as a variation of a setline. Webster's dictionary defines a setline as being "a long heavy fishing line to which several hooks are attached in series." A trotline is defined as "a comparatively short setline used near shore or along streams." Some other common variations of a setline include limblines, throwlines, and juglines. The Virginia Department of Game & Fisheries defines a trotline as "a line without a rod or reel attached that need not be held in the hand or closely attended." As used for crabbing, a trotline is nothing more than a long line, resting on the bottom and anchored at both ends, to which a series of baits are attached at intervals of two to six feet. The baits are attached to the main line by simple slipknots or by shorter lines called dropper lines (known as trots or snoods.) Crab trotlines are usually baited with chicken necks, chicken livers, bull lips, eels or other inexpensive baits. Maryland blue crabs are harvested by waterman on small workboats using trotlines and crab pots. When caught by trotlines, the line is set and the workboat moves slowly end to end, bringing the line to the surface where the waterman catches the crab. Crabs on a trotline are not hooked, they are simply netted by the waterman at the surface, with the workboat moving slowly enough through the water that the crab does not discern movement as it eats the bait. The crab having been netted at the surface, the trotline moves back to or toward the bottom with the same bait intact to attract another crab. Depending on the length of the trotline (usually from at least 100 yards and up to a mile), a commercial waterman can catch anywhere from 4 bushels to 20 bushels of crabs daily. Construction Constructing a trotline is quite simple. Basic supplies needed are fishing hooks, clamps, swivels, fishing line, and a durable cord or lightweight rope used for the main line. Before constructing the trotline, it is a good idea to measure the span of the body of water being fished in order to give the main line an appropriate length. Once this is done, drop lines are set along the main line by threading clamps on the line with swivels between them. Fishing line is attached to the swivels and hooks are tied to the end of the fishing line. Typically, the drop lines are set so that the hook of one line can not touch the hook of another line, to prevent the fish from getting tangled up in multiple lines, or getting tangled in lines with other fish already on the line. This might mean using lines just over 1 foot long and having the lines spaced in 3 foot intervals. It is also typical to avoid setting lines directly over stumps, branches or other obstacles that might cause the fish to get tangled. This is done so that any released fish has a better chance of being in good health. Weighting the line is a matter of personal preference. In areas along rivers and channels with strong currents, large weights may be added to keep the line from being pulled close to the surface as the water passes over the line. Most weights used on trotlines are homemade as typical weights used by anglers do not weigh enough to keep the line in place. These may be made out of cement, cinder blocks, or even small boat anchors. Other common weights used include old fashioned window weights, chisel plowshares and other similar sized scrap metal. Setting the line It is important to make sure that the area where the line is to be set is free of swimmers, boaters, or other people on or near the water as it is difficult to detect where a trotline is while it is underwater. It is easy to get tangled in the line and for hooks to become embedded in a person's skin, making the need for proper marking of the line crucial. A float on each side of a section of channel is a good indication that a trotline has been set. Setting the line consists of anchoring one end to one side of the channel, then taking the line out to the other side, baiting the hooks while this is being done. Trees or rocks make good anchor points for trotlines, but attention should be given that the line is not tied around rough or sharp edges that might cut through the line. Once the line is set, the angler need only check the line periodically throughout the day to see if any fish have been caught. While checking the line, one can also replace bait, untangle drop lines, and retrieve any fish on the line. Care is needed when checking or setting the line to make sure that no one is accidentally hooked in any part of the process. Be sure to check local and state regulations as trotlines are not legal for use in all areas. Additionally, many localities that allow trotlines do not allow the use of live bait fish, particularly in areas with populations of largemouth bass or similar predator fish, as they can be severely injured or killed when attempting to escape. This is why cut bait is the most commonly used bait for attracting catfish. See also Long-line fishing References ^ "Using a trotline to catch blue crabs". ^ "Trotlines for Catfish - Trotline Fishing - Trot Lines, Troutlines, Throw Lines and Bank Lines". Archived from the original on 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2012-05-26. External links How to make a trotline Types of Trotline How to set a trotline in open water Trotlines: Artisanal Longlining for Food and Profit Crabbing with a Trotline How to make a trotline vteFishing equipment and methodsFishing tackleFish hook Circle hook Gaff Hookset Sniggle Fishing line Braided Knots Monofilament Multifilament Power pro Swivel Fishing sinker Arlesey Bomb Bombarda Downrigger Sandsinker Fishing rod Bamboo fly rod Fishing reel Fishing rod tapers Fly rod building Fishing bait Bait fish Boilies Chum Clonk Groundbait Vermicompost Worm charming Plastic bait Deadsticking Plastic worm Fishing lures Artificial fly Heddon Little Cleo Mormyshka Original Floater Plug Sabiki Spinnerbait Spoon lure Spoonplug Surface lure Swimbait Topwater lure Zara Spook Bite indicators Fishing float Pellet waggler Shortfloating Quiver tip Fishing rig Carolina rig Chod rig Hair rig Texas rig Apparel Creel Diving mask Hip boot Personal flotation device Snorkel Waders Wetsuit Other Fish stringer Tackle box Fishing techniquesGathering Abalone Ama divers Clam digging Flounder tramping Gathering seafood by hand Noodling Pearl hunting Scallop aquaculture Trout binning Trout tickling Spears Bowfishing Gigging Harpoon Hawaiian sling Polespear Spearfishing Speargun Trident Fishing lines Angling Dropline Drum lines Handline fishing Jiggerpole Jigging Jug fishing Longline fishing Spin fishing Tip-up Trolling Trotline Fishing nets Cast net Cheena vala Drift net Ghost nets Gill net Glass floats Haaf net Hand net Ice jigger Lampara net Lampuki net Lave net Lift net Salambaw Seine net Surrounding net Tangle net Trawl net Turtle excluder device Fish traps Almadraba Barrier net Corf Crab trap Double-Heart of Stacked Stones Eel buck Fish corral Fish nest Fish wheel Fishing basket Fishing weir Lobster trap Putcher fishing Trabucco Other Basnig Blast fishing Cormorant fishing Cyanide fishing Dredging Electrofishing Electric pulse fishing Fish aggregating device Fish toxins Fishfinder Fishing light attractor Flossing Ice fishing Kite fishing Muro-ami Otter fishing Pa-aling Payaos Shrimp baiting Snagging vteFisheries and fishing topic areasFisheries Aquaculture Diversity of fish Fish diseases and parasites Fish farming Fisheries management Fisheries science Individual fishing quota Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing Sustainable fishery Overfishing Wild fisheries Fishing Artisanal fishing Fisherman Fishing vessel History of fishing Industry List of harvested aquatic animals by weight By country Commercial fishing Marketing Markets Processing Products Seafood Recreation Angling Big-game fishing Catch and release Fishing tournaments Fly fishing Techniques Fish trap Fishfinder Fishing net Gathering seafood by hand Handline fishing Spearfishing Trawling Trolling Tackle Artificial flies Bait Bite indicators Hook Line Lures Rod Sinker Locations Fish ponds Fishing banks Fishing villages Marine habitats Glossary Index Outline Category
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FMIB_35007_Portion_of_Trot-Line,_Showing_Method_of_Baiting_on_Snoods.jpeg"},{"link_name":"fishing line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_line"},{"link_name":"baited","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_bait"},{"link_name":"swivels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_swivel"},{"link_name":"hook","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_hook"},{"link_name":"commercial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_fishing"},{"link_name":"angling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angling"},{"link_name":"channel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_(geography)"},{"link_name":"river","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River"},{"link_name":"stream","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream"},{"link_name":"weights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_sinker"},{"link_name":"crabs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"fish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish"},{"link_name":"catfish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfish"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"illegal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_fishing"},{"link_name":"longline","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longline_fishing"},{"link_name":"surface vessel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longliner"},{"link_name":"anchored","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor"},{"link_name":"boats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat"},{"link_name":"buoys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoy"},{"link_name":"structures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonbuilding_structure"},{"link_name":"droplines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropline"}],"text":"Portion of trotline, showing method of baiting on snoodsA trotline is a heavy fishing line with shorter, baited branch lines commonly referred to as snoods suspending down at intervals using clips or swivels, with a hook at the free end of each snood.Trotlines are used in commercial angling and can be set up across a channel, river, or stream to cover an entire span of water. There are many ways to set a trotline, with most methods involving weights at the end of snoods to keep them neatly below the water surface. They are used for catching crabs[1] or fish (particularly catfish[2]). Trotlines should be used with caution as they are deemed illegal in many locations.Trotlines are similar to a longline, but longlines are fixed to a surface vessel at only one end and usually towed along the water, while trotlines are fixed (usually stationarily) to the surface at both ends via anchored boats, buoys or structures. It is also contrasted with droplines, as a trotline's mainline is laid horizontally across water with a series of vertically suspended snood lines, while a dropline's mainline is suspended vertically (using a weight) from a floating bouy with a series of side-branching snoods.","title":"Trotline"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Maryland blue crabs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callinectes_sapidus"}],"text":"In its use in the commercial crabbing industry (on the Chesapeake Bay for example), a trotline is used as a variation of a setline. Webster's dictionary defines a setline as being \"a long heavy fishing line to which several hooks are attached in series.\" A trotline is defined as \"a comparatively short setline used near shore or along streams.\" Some other common variations of a setline include limblines, throwlines, and juglines. The Virginia Department of Game & Fisheries defines a trotline as \"a line without a rod or reel attached that need not be held in the hand or closely attended.\"As used for crabbing, a trotline is nothing more than a long line, resting on the bottom and anchored at both ends, to which a series of baits are attached at intervals of two to six feet. The baits are attached to the main line by simple slipknots or by shorter lines called dropper lines (known as trots or snoods.) Crab trotlines are usually baited with chicken necks, chicken livers, bull lips, eels or other inexpensive baits. Maryland blue crabs are harvested by waterman on small workboats using trotlines and crab pots. When caught by trotlines, the line is set and the workboat moves slowly end to end, bringing the line to the surface where the waterman catches the crab. Crabs on a trotline are not hooked, they are simply netted by the waterman at the surface, with the workboat moving slowly enough through the water that the crab does not discern movement as it eats the bait. The crab having been netted at the surface, the trotline moves back to or toward the bottom with the same bait intact to attract another crab.Depending on the length of the trotline (usually from at least 100 yards and up to a mile), a commercial waterman can catch anywhere from 4 bushels to 20 bushels of crabs daily.","title":"Variations"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Constructing a trotline is quite simple. Basic supplies needed are fishing hooks, clamps, swivels, fishing line, and a durable cord or lightweight rope used for the main line. Before constructing the trotline, it is a good idea to measure the span of the body of water being fished in order to give the main line an appropriate length. Once this is done, drop lines are set along the main line by threading clamps on the line with swivels between them. Fishing line is attached to the swivels and hooks are tied to the end of the fishing line.Typically, the drop lines are set so that the hook of one line can not touch the hook of another line, to prevent the fish from getting tangled up in multiple lines, or getting tangled in lines with other fish already on the line. This might mean using lines just over 1 foot long and having the lines spaced in 3 foot intervals. It is also typical to avoid setting lines directly over stumps, branches or other obstacles that might cause the fish to get tangled. This is done so that any released fish has a better chance of being in good health.Weighting the line is a matter of personal preference. In areas along rivers and channels with strong currents, large weights may be added to keep the line from being pulled close to the surface as the water passes over the line. Most weights used on trotlines are homemade as typical weights used by anglers do not weigh enough to keep the line in place. These may be made out of cement, cinder blocks, or even small boat anchors. Other common weights used include old fashioned window weights, chisel plowshares and other similar sized scrap metal.","title":"Construction"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"largemouth bass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Largemouth_bass"},{"link_name":"catfish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfish"}],"text":"It is important to make sure that the area where the line is to be set is free of swimmers, boaters, or other people on or near the water as it is difficult to detect where a trotline is while it is underwater. It is easy to get tangled in the line and for hooks to become embedded in a person's skin, making the need for proper marking of the line crucial. A float on each side of a section of channel is a good indication that a trotline has been set.Setting the line consists of anchoring one end to one side of the channel, then taking the line out to the other side, baiting the hooks while this is being done. Trees or rocks make good anchor points for trotlines, but attention should be given that the line is not tied around rough or sharp edges that might cut through the line.Once the line is set, the angler need only check the line periodically throughout the day to see if any fish have been caught. While checking the line, one can also replace bait, untangle drop lines, and retrieve any fish on the line. Care is needed when checking or setting the line to make sure that no one is accidentally hooked in any part of the process.Be sure to check local and state regulations as trotlines are not legal for use in all areas. Additionally, many localities that allow trotlines do not allow the use of live bait fish, particularly in areas with populations of largemouth bass or similar predator fish, as they can be severely injured or killed when attempting to escape. This is why cut bait is the most commonly used bait for attracting catfish.","title":"Setting the line"}]
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[{"title":"Long-line fishing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-line_fishing"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Abel
Hans Abel
["1 References"]
Painter from Frankfurt, Germany The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.Find sources: "Hans Abel" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Hans Abel, a painter from Frankfurt, who lived around 1494, is believed to have painted some of the windows which adorn the Frankfurt Cathedral and several churches in that city. He also painted banners and coats of arms. References  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bryan, Michael (1886). "Abel, Hans". In Graves, Robert Edmund (ed.). Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers (A–K). Vol. I (3rd ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. ^ Abel, Hans | Benezit Dictionary of Artists. doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00000206. ISBN 978-0-19-977378-7. Authority control databases International VIAF Artists RKD Artists ULAN This article about a German painter is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngok_Loden_Sherab
Ngok Loden Sherab
["1 Translations","1.1 Tibetan Tanjur","2 References","3 Further reading","4 External links"]
Ngok Loden Sherab Ngok Loden Sherab or Ngok Lotsawa Loden Sherab (Tibetan: རྔོག་ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་བློ་ལྡན་ཤེས་རབ, Wylie: rngog lo ts'a ba blo ldan shes rab) (1059–1109) - Important in the transmission of Buddhism from India to Tibet. One of the most renowned translators in Tibetan history and traditionally known as one of the "Ten Pillars of Tibetan Buddhism" (ka chen bcu). Also known as Matiprajna (Sanskrit). Translations Tibetan Tanjur Two versions of the Ratnagotravibhāga were translated by Loden Sherab at Srinagar in Kashmir under the supervision of Kashmiri Pandits Ratnavajra and Sajjana towards the close of the 11th century CE: Theg-pa-chen-po rgyud-bla maḥi bstan-bcos (Mahāyāna-uttaratantra-śāstra), Tohaku Catalogue No. 4024 Theg-pa-chen-po rgyud-bla-maḥi bstan-bcos rnam-par-bsad-pa (Mahāyāna-uttaratantra-śāstra-vyākhyā), Tohaku Catalogue No. 4025. References ^ Staff. "Buddhism: Ka Chen bCu - The Ten Pillars of Tibetan Buddhism". Kagyu Office of His Holiness the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa. Archived from the original on 20 February 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2010. ^ a b c Takasaki, Jikido (1966). A Study on the Ratnagotravibhāga (Uttaratantra) Being a Treatise on the Tathāgatagarbha Theory of Mahāyāna Buddhism (Rome Oriental Series 33). Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, p.6 Further reading Ralf Kramer (2007), The Great Tibetan Translator: Life and Works of rNgog Blo ldan Shes rab (1059-1109), München: Indus Verlag External links blo ldan shes rab - TBRC P2551 Ngok Loden Sherab Ngok Lotsawa Loden Sherab Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF 2 WorldCat National France BnF data Germany United States Other IdRef This Tibetan biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This Buddhist biography-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_cone
Quadric
["1 Euclidean plane","2 Euclidean space","3 Definition and basic properties","3.1 Equation","4 Normal form of projective quadrics","5 Rational parametrization","5.1 Example: circle and spheres","6 Rational points","6.1 Pythagorean triples","7 Projective quadrics over fields","7.1 Quadratic form","7.2 n-dimensional projective space over a field","7.3 Projective quadric","7.4 Polar space","7.5 Intersection with a line","7.6 f-radical, q-radical","7.7 Symmetries","7.8 q-subspaces and index of a quadric","7.9 Generalization of quadrics: quadratic sets","8 See also","9 References","10 Bibliography","11 External links"]
Locus of the zeros of a polynomial of degree two Not to be confused with Quadratic or Quartic. For the computing company, see Quadrics (company). For quadrics in algebraic geometry, see Quadric (algebraic geometry). In mathematics, a quadric or quadric surface (quadric hypersurface in higher dimensions), is a generalization of conic sections (ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas). It is a hypersurface (of dimension D) in a (D + 1)-dimensional space, and it is defined as the zero set of an irreducible polynomial of degree two in D + 1 variables; for example, D = 1 in the case of conic sections. When the defining polynomial is not absolutely irreducible, the zero set is generally not considered a quadric, although it is often called a degenerate quadric or a reducible quadric. In coordinates x1, x2, ..., xD+1, the general quadric is thus defined by the algebraic equation ∑ i , j = 1 D + 1 x i Q i j x j + ∑ i = 1 D + 1 P i x i + R = 0 {\displaystyle \sum _{i,j=1}^{D+1}x_{i}Q_{ij}x_{j}+\sum _{i=1}^{D+1}P_{i}x_{i}+R=0} which may be compactly written in vector and matrix notation as: x Q x T + P x T + R = 0 {\displaystyle xQx^{\mathrm {T} }+Px^{\mathrm {T} }+R=0\,} where x = (x1, x2, ..., xD+1) is a row vector, xT is the transpose of x (a column vector), Q is a (D + 1) × (D + 1) matrix and P is a (D + 1)-dimensional row vector and R a scalar constant. The values Q, P and R are often taken to be over real numbers or complex numbers, but a quadric may be defined over any field. A quadric is an affine algebraic variety, or, if it is reducible, an affine algebraic set. Quadrics may also be defined in projective spaces; see § Normal form of projective quadrics, below. Euclidean plane Main article: conic section As the dimension of a Euclidean plane is two, quadrics in a Euclidean plane have dimension one and are thus plane curves. They are called conic sections, or conics. Circle (e = 0), ellipse (e = 0.5), parabola (e = 1), and hyperbola (e = 2) with fixed focus F and directrix. Euclidean space In three-dimensional Euclidean space, quadrics have dimension two, and are known as quadric surfaces. Their quadratic equations have the form A x 2 + B y 2 + C z 2 + D x y + E y z + F x z + G x + H y + I z + J = 0 , {\displaystyle Ax^{2}+By^{2}+Cz^{2}+Dxy+Eyz+Fxz+Gx+Hy+Iz+J=0,} where A , B , … , J {\displaystyle A,B,\ldots ,J} are real numbers, and at least one of A, B, and C is nonzero. The quadric surfaces are classified and named by their shape, which corresponds to the orbits under affine transformations. That is, if an affine transformation maps a quadric onto another one, they belong to the same class, and share the same name and many properties. The principal axis theorem shows that for any (possibly reducible) quadric, a suitable change of Cartesian coordinates or, equivalently, a Euclidean transformation allows putting the equation of the quadric into a unique simple form on which the class of the quadric is immediately visible. This form is called the normal form of the equation, since two quadrics have the same normal form if and only if there is a Euclidean transformation that maps one quadric to the other. The normal forms are as follows: x 2 a 2 + y 2 b 2 + ε 1 z 2 c 2 + ε 2 = 0 , {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \over b^{2}}+\varepsilon _{1}{z^{2} \over c^{2}}+\varepsilon _{2}=0,} x 2 a 2 − y 2 b 2 + ε 3 = 0 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}-{y^{2} \over b^{2}}+\varepsilon _{3}=0} x 2 a 2 + ε 4 = 0 , {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+\varepsilon _{4}=0,} z = x 2 a 2 + ε 5 y 2 b 2 , {\displaystyle z={x^{2} \over a^{2}}+\varepsilon _{5}{y^{2} \over b^{2}},} where the ε i {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{i}} are either 1, –1 or 0, except ε 3 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{3}} which takes only the value 0 or 1. Each of these 17 normal forms corresponds to a single orbit under affine transformations. In three cases there are no real points: ε 1 = ε 2 = 1 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{1}=\varepsilon _{2}=1} (imaginary ellipsoid), ε 1 = 0 , ε 2 = 1 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{1}=0,\varepsilon _{2}=1} (imaginary elliptic cylinder), and ε 4 = 1 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{4}=1} (pair of complex conjugate parallel planes, a reducible quadric). In one case, the imaginary cone, there is a single point ( ε 1 = 1 , ε 2 = 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{1}=1,\varepsilon _{2}=0} ). If ε 1 = ε 2 = 0 , {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{1}=\varepsilon _{2}=0,} one has a line (in fact two complex conjugate intersecting planes). For ε 3 = 0 , {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{3}=0,} one has two intersecting planes (reducible quadric). For ε 4 = 0 , {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{4}=0,} one has a double plane. For ε 4 = − 1 , {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{4}=-1,} one has two parallel planes (reducible quadric). Thus, among the 17 normal forms, there are nine true quadrics: a cone, three cylinders (often called degenerate quadrics) and five non-degenerate quadrics (ellipsoid, paraboloids and hyperboloids), which are detailed in the following tables. The eight remaining quadrics are the imaginary ellipsoid (no real point), the imaginary cylinder (no real point), the imaginary cone (a single real point), and the reducible quadrics, which are decomposed in two planes; there are five such decomposed quadrics, depending whether the planes are distinct or not, parallel or not, real or complex conjugate. Non-degenerate real quadric surfaces     Ellipsoid x 2 a 2 + y 2 b 2 + z 2 c 2 = 1 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \over b^{2}}+{z^{2} \over c^{2}}=1\,}     Elliptic paraboloid x 2 a 2 + y 2 b 2 − z = 0 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \over b^{2}}-z=0\,}     Hyperbolic paraboloid x 2 a 2 − y 2 b 2 − z = 0 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}-{y^{2} \over b^{2}}-z=0\,}    Hyperboloid of one sheet       or   Hyperbolic hyperboloid x 2 a 2 + y 2 b 2 − z 2 c 2 = 1 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \over b^{2}}-{z^{2} \over c^{2}}=1\,}    Hyperboloid of two sheets       or   Elliptic hyperboloid x 2 a 2 + y 2 b 2 − z 2 c 2 = − 1 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \over b^{2}}-{z^{2} \over c^{2}}=-1\,} Degenerate real quadric surfaces     Elliptic cone      or   Conical quadric x 2 a 2 + y 2 b 2 − z 2 c 2 = 0 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \over b^{2}}-{z^{2} \over c^{2}}=0\,}     Elliptic cylinder x 2 a 2 + y 2 b 2 = 1 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \over b^{2}}=1\,}     Hyperbolic cylinder x 2 a 2 − y 2 b 2 = 1 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}-{y^{2} \over b^{2}}=1\,}     Parabolic cylinder x 2 + 2 a y = 0 {\displaystyle x^{2}+2ay=0\,} When two or more of the parameters of the canonical equation are equal, one obtains a quadric of revolution, which remains invariant when rotated around an axis (or infinitely many axes, in the case of the sphere). Quadrics of revolution     Oblate and prolate spheroids (special cases of ellipsoid) x 2 a 2 + y 2 a 2 + z 2 b 2 = 1 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \over a^{2}}+{z^{2} \over b^{2}}=1\,}     Sphere (special case of spheroid) x 2 a 2 + y 2 a 2 + z 2 a 2 = 1 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \over a^{2}}+{z^{2} \over a^{2}}=1\,}     Circular paraboloid (special case of elliptic paraboloid) x 2 a 2 + y 2 a 2 − z = 0 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \over a^{2}}-z=0\,}     Hyperboloid of revolution of one sheet (special case of hyperboloid of one sheet) x 2 a 2 + y 2 a 2 − z 2 b 2 = 1 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \over a^{2}}-{z^{2} \over b^{2}}=1\,}     Hyperboloid of revolution of two sheets (special case of hyperboloid of two sheets) x 2 a 2 + y 2 a 2 − z 2 b 2 = − 1 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \over a^{2}}-{z^{2} \over b^{2}}=-1\,}     Circular cone (special case of elliptic cone) x 2 a 2 + y 2 a 2 − z 2 b 2 = 0 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \over a^{2}}-{z^{2} \over b^{2}}=0\,}     Circular cylinder (special case of elliptic cylinder) x 2 a 2 + y 2 a 2 = 1 {\displaystyle {x^{2} \over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \over a^{2}}=1\,} Definition and basic properties An affine quadric is the set of zeros of a polynomial of degree two. When not specified otherwise, the polynomial is supposed to have real coefficients, and the zeros are points in a Euclidean space. However, most properties remain true when the coefficients belong to any field and the points belong in an affine space. As usual in algebraic geometry, it is often useful to consider points over an algebraically closed field containing the polynomial coefficients, generally the complex numbers, when the coefficients are real. Many properties becomes easier to state (and to prove) by extending the quadric to the projective space by projective completion, consisting of adding points at infinity. Technically, if p ( x 1 , … , x n ) {\displaystyle p(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})} is a polynomial of degree two that defines an affine quadric, then its projective completion is defined by homogenizing p into P ( X 0 , … , X n ) = X 0 2 p ( X 1 X 0 , … , X n X 0 ) {\displaystyle P(X_{0},\ldots ,X_{n})=X_{0}^{2}\,p\left({\frac {X_{1}}{X_{0}}},\ldots ,{\frac {X_{n}}{X_{0}}}\right)} (this is a polynomial, because the degree of p is two). The points of the projective completion are the points of the projective space whose projective coordinates are zeros of P. So, a projective quadric is the set of zeros in a projective space of a homogeneous polynomial of degree two. As the above process of homogenization can be reverted by setting X0 = 1: p ( x 1 , … , x n ) = P ( 1 , x 1 , … , x n ) , {\displaystyle p(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})=P(1,x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})\,,} it is often useful to not distinguish an affine quadric from its projective completion, and to talk of the affine equation or the projective equation of a quadric. However, this is not a perfect equivalence; it is generally the case that P ( X ) = 0 {\displaystyle P(\mathbf {X} )=0} will include points with X 0 = 0 {\displaystyle X_{0}=0} , which are not also solutions of p ( x ) = 0 {\displaystyle p(\mathbf {x} )=0} because these points in projective space correspond to points "at infinity" in affine space. Equation A quadric in an affine space of dimension n is the set of zeros of a polynomial of degree 2. That is, it is the set of the points whose coordinates satisfy an equation p ( x 1 , … , x n ) = 0 , {\displaystyle p(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})=0,} where the polynomial p has the form p ( x 1 , … , x n ) = ∑ i = 1 n ∑ j = 1 n a i , j x i x j + ∑ i = 1 n ( a i , 0 + a 0 , i ) x i + a 0 , 0 , {\displaystyle p(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})=\sum _{i=1}^{n}\sum _{j=1}^{n}a_{i,j}x_{i}x_{j}+\sum _{i=1}^{n}(a_{i,0}+a_{0,i})x_{i}+a_{0,0}\,,} for a matrix A = ( a i , j ) {\displaystyle A=(a_{i,j})} with i {\displaystyle i} and j {\displaystyle j} running from 0 to n {\displaystyle n} . When the characteristic of the field of the coefficients is not two, generally a i , j = a j , i {\displaystyle a_{i,j}=a_{j,i}} is assumed; equivalently A = A T {\displaystyle A=A^{\mathsf {T}}} . When the characteristic of the field of the coefficients is two, generally a i , j = 0 {\displaystyle a_{i,j}=0} is assumed when j < i {\displaystyle j<i} ; equivalently A {\displaystyle A} is upper triangular. The equation may be shortened, as the matrix equation x T A x = 0 , {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} ^{\mathsf {T}}A\mathbf {x} =0\,,} with x = ( 1 x 1 ⋯ x n ) T . {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} ={\begin{pmatrix}1&x_{1}&\cdots &x_{n}\end{pmatrix}}^{\mathsf {T}}\,.} The equation of the projective completion is almost identical: X T A X = 0 , {\displaystyle \mathbf {X} ^{\mathsf {T}}A\mathbf {X} =0,} with X = ( X 0 X 1 ⋯ X n ) T . {\displaystyle \mathbf {X} ={\begin{pmatrix}X_{0}&X_{1}&\cdots &X_{n}\end{pmatrix}}^{\mathsf {T}}.} These equations define a quadric as an algebraic hypersurface of dimension n – 1 and degree two in a space of dimension n. A quadric is said to be non-degenerate if the matrix A {\displaystyle A} is invertible. A non-degenerate quadric is non-singular in the sense that its projective completion has no singular point (a cylinder is non-singular in the affine space, but it is a degenerate quadric that has a singular point at infinity). The singular points of a degenerate quadric are the points whose projective coordinates belong to the null space of the matrix A. A quadric is reducible if and only if the rank of A is one (case of a double hyperplane) or two (case of two hyperplanes). Normal form of projective quadrics In real projective space, by Sylvester's law of inertia, a non-singular quadratic form P(X) may be put into the normal form P ( X ) = ± X 0 2 ± X 1 2 ± ⋯ ± X D + 1 2 {\displaystyle P(X)=\pm X_{0}^{2}\pm X_{1}^{2}\pm \cdots \pm X_{D+1}^{2}} by means of a suitable projective transformation (normal forms for singular quadrics can have zeros as well as ±1 as coefficients). For two-dimensional surfaces (dimension D = 2) in three-dimensional space, there are exactly three non-degenerate cases: P ( X ) = { X 0 2 + X 1 2 + X 2 2 + X 3 2 X 0 2 + X 1 2 + X 2 2 − X 3 2 X 0 2 + X 1 2 − X 2 2 − X 3 2 {\displaystyle P(X)={\begin{cases}X_{0}^{2}+X_{1}^{2}+X_{2}^{2}+X_{3}^{2}\\X_{0}^{2}+X_{1}^{2}+X_{2}^{2}-X_{3}^{2}\\X_{0}^{2}+X_{1}^{2}-X_{2}^{2}-X_{3}^{2}\end{cases}}} The first case is the empty set. The second case generates the ellipsoid, the elliptic paraboloid or the hyperboloid of two sheets, depending on whether the chosen plane at infinity cuts the quadric in the empty set, in a point, or in a nondegenerate conic respectively. These all have positive Gaussian curvature. The third case generates the hyperbolic paraboloid or the hyperboloid of one sheet, depending on whether the plane at infinity cuts it in two lines, or in a nondegenerate conic respectively. These are doubly ruled surfaces of negative Gaussian curvature. The degenerate form X 0 2 − X 1 2 − X 2 2 = 0. {\displaystyle X_{0}^{2}-X_{1}^{2}-X_{2}^{2}=0.\,} generates the elliptic cylinder, the parabolic cylinder, the hyperbolic cylinder, or the cone, depending on whether the plane at infinity cuts it in a point, a line, two lines, or a nondegenerate conic respectively. These are singly ruled surfaces of zero Gaussian curvature. We see that projective transformations don't mix Gaussian curvatures of different sign. This is true for general surfaces. In complex projective space all of the nondegenerate quadrics become indistinguishable from each other. Rational parametrization Given a non-singular point A of a quadric, a line passing through A is either tangent to the quadric, or intersects the quadric in exactly one other point (as usual, a line contained in the quadric is considered as a tangent, since it is contained in the tangent hyperplane). This means that the lines passing through A and not tangent to the quadric are in one to one correspondence with the points of the quadric that do not belong to the tangent hyperplane at A. Expressing the points of the quadric in terms of the direction of the corresponding line provides parametric equations of the following forms. In the case of conic sections (quadric curves), this parametrization establishes a bijection between a projective conic section and a projective line; this bijection is an isomorphism of algebraic curves. In higher dimensions, the parametrization defines a birational map, which is a bijection between dense open subsets of the quadric and a projective space of the same dimension (the topology that is considered is the usual one in the case of a real or complex quadric, or the Zariski topology in all cases). The points of the quadric that are not in the image of this bijection are the points of intersection of the quadric and its tangent hyperplane at A. In the affine case, the parametrization is a rational parametrization of the form x i = f i ( t 1 , … , t n − 1 ) f 0 ( t 1 , … , t n − 1 ) for  i = 1 , … , n , {\displaystyle x_{i}={\frac {f_{i}(t_{1},\ldots ,t_{n-1})}{f_{0}(t_{1},\ldots ,t_{n-1})}}\quad {\text{for }}i=1,\ldots ,n,} where x 1 , … , x n {\displaystyle x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n}} are the coordinates of a point of the quadric, t 1 , … , t n − 1 {\displaystyle t_{1},\ldots ,t_{n-1}} are parameters, and f 0 , f 1 , … , f n {\displaystyle f_{0},f_{1},\ldots ,f_{n}} are polynomials of degree at most two. In the projective case, the parametrization has the form X i = F i ( T 1 , … , T n ) for  i = 0 , … , n , {\displaystyle X_{i}=F_{i}(T_{1},\ldots ,T_{n})\quad {\text{for }}i=0,\ldots ,n,} where X 0 , … , X n {\displaystyle X_{0},\ldots ,X_{n}} are the projective coordinates of a point of the quadric, T 1 , … , T n {\displaystyle T_{1},\ldots ,T_{n}} are parameters, and F 0 , … , F n {\displaystyle F_{0},\ldots ,F_{n}} are homogeneous polynomials of degree two. One passes from one parametrization to the other by putting x i = X i / X 0 , {\displaystyle x_{i}=X_{i}/X_{0},} and t i = T i / T n : {\displaystyle t_{i}=T_{i}/T_{n}\,:} F i ( T 1 , … , T n ) = T n 2 f i ( T 1 T n , … , T n − 1 T n ) . {\displaystyle F_{i}(T_{1},\ldots ,T_{n})=T_{n}^{2}\,f_{i}\!{\left({\frac {T_{1}}{T_{n}}},\ldots ,{\frac {T_{n-1}}{T_{n}}}\right)}.} For computing the parametrization and proving that the degrees are as asserted, one may proceed as follows in the affine case. One can proceed similarly in the projective case. Let q be the quadratic polynomial that defines the quadric, and a = ( a 1 , … a n ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {a} =(a_{1},\ldots a_{n})} be the coordinate vector of the given point of the quadric (so, q ( a ) = 0 ) . {\displaystyle q(\mathbf {a} )=0).} Let x = ( x 1 , … x n ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} =(x_{1},\ldots x_{n})} be the coordinate vector of the point of the quadric to be parametrized, and t = ( t 1 , … , t n − 1 , 1 ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {t} =(t_{1},\ldots ,t_{n-1},1)} be a vector defining the direction used for the parametrization (directions whose last coordinate is zero are not taken into account here; this means that some points of the affine quadric are not parametrized; one says often that they are parametrized by points at infinity in the space of parameters) . The points of the intersection of the quadric and the line of direction t {\displaystyle \mathbf {t} } passing through a {\displaystyle \mathbf {a} } are the points x = a + λ t {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} =\mathbf {a} +\lambda \mathbf {t} } such that q ( a + λ t ) = 0 {\displaystyle q(\mathbf {a} +\lambda \mathbf {t} )=0} for some value of the scalar λ . {\displaystyle \lambda .} This is an equation of degree two in λ , {\displaystyle \lambda ,} except for the values of t {\displaystyle \mathbf {t} } such that the line is tangent to the quadric (in this case, the degree is one if the line is not included in the quadric, or the equation becomes 0 = 0 {\displaystyle 0=0} otherwise). The coefficients of λ {\displaystyle \lambda } and λ 2 {\displaystyle \lambda ^{2}} are respectively of degree at most one and two in t . {\displaystyle \mathbf {t} .} As the constant coefficient is q ( a ) = 0 , {\displaystyle q(\mathbf {a} )=0,} the equation becomes linear by dividing by λ , {\displaystyle \lambda ,} and its unique solution is the quotient of a polynomial of degree at most one by a polynomial of degree at most two. Substituting this solution into the expression of x , {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} ,} one obtains the desired parametrization as fractions of polynomials of degree at most two. Example: circle and spheres Let consider the quadric of equation x 1 2 + x 2 2 + ⋯ x n 2 − 1 = 0. {\displaystyle x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{2}+\cdots x_{n}^{2}-1=0.} For n = 2 , {\displaystyle n=2,} this is the unit circle; for n = 3 {\displaystyle n=3} this is the unit sphere; in higher dimensions, this is the unit hypersphere. The point a = ( 0 , … , 0 , − 1 ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {a} =(0,\ldots ,0,-1)} belongs to the quadric (the choice of this point among other similar points is only a question of convenience). So, the equation q ( a + λ t ) = 0 {\displaystyle q(\mathbf {a} +\lambda \mathbf {t} )=0} of the preceding section becomes ( λ t 1 2 ) + ⋯ + ( λ t n − 1 ) 2 + ( 1 − λ ) 2 − 1 = 0. {\displaystyle (\lambda t_{1}^{2})+\cdots +(\lambda t_{n-1})^{2}+(1-\lambda )^{2}-1=0.} By expanding the squares, simplifying the constant terms, dividing by λ , {\displaystyle \lambda ,} and solving in λ , {\displaystyle \lambda ,} one obtains λ = 2 1 + t 1 2 + ⋯ + t n − 1 2 . {\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {2}{1+t_{1}^{2}+\cdots +t_{n-1}^{2}}}.} Substituting this into x = a + λ t {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} =\mathbf {a} +\lambda \mathbf {t} } and simplifying the expression of the last coordinate, one obtains the parametric equation { x 1 = 2 t 1 1 + t 1 2 + ⋯ + t n − 1 2 ⋮ x n − 1 = 2 t n − 1 1 + t 1 2 + ⋯ + t n − 1 2 x n = 1 − t 1 2 − ⋯ − t n − 1 2 1 + t 1 2 + ⋯ + t n − 1 2 . {\displaystyle {\begin{cases}x_{1}={\frac {2t_{1}}{1+t_{1}^{2}+\cdots +t_{n-1}^{2}}}\\\vdots \\x_{n-1}={\frac {2t_{n-1}}{1+t_{1}^{2}+\cdots +t_{n-1}^{2}}}\\x_{n}={\frac {1-t_{1}^{2}-\cdots -t_{n-1}^{2}}{1+t_{1}^{2}+\cdots +t_{n-1}^{2}}}.\end{cases}}} By homogenizing, one obtains the projective parametrization { X 0 = T 1 2 + ⋯ + T n 2 X 1 = 2 T 1 T n ⋮ X n − 1 = 2 T n − 1 T n X n = T n 2 − T 1 2 − ⋯ − T n − 1 2 . {\displaystyle {\begin{cases}X_{0}=T_{1}^{2}+\cdots +T_{n}^{2}\\X_{1}=2T_{1}T_{n}\\\vdots \\X_{n-1}=2T_{n-1}T_{n}\\X_{n}=T_{n}^{2}-T_{1}^{2}-\cdots -T_{n-1}^{2}.\end{cases}}} A straightforward verification shows that this induces a bijection between the points of the quadric such that X n ≠ − X 0 {\displaystyle X_{n}\neq -X_{0}} and the points such that T n ≠ 0 {\displaystyle T_{n}\neq 0} in the projective space of the parameters. On the other hand, all values of ( T 1 , … , T n ) {\displaystyle (T_{1},\ldots ,T_{n})} such that T n = 0 {\displaystyle T_{n}=0} and T 1 2 + ⋯ + T n − 1 2 ≠ 0 {\displaystyle T_{1}^{2}+\cdots +T_{n-1}^{2}\neq 0} give the point A . {\displaystyle A.} In the case of conic sections ( n = 2 {\displaystyle n=2} ), there is exactly one point with T n = 0. {\displaystyle T_{n}=0.} and one has a bijection between the circle and the projective line. For n > 2 , {\displaystyle n>2,} there are many points with T n = 0 , {\displaystyle T_{n}=0,} and thus many parameter values for the point A . {\displaystyle A.} On the other hand, the other points of the quadric for which X n = − X 0 {\displaystyle X_{n}=-X_{0}} (and thus x n = − 1 {\displaystyle x_{n}=-1} ) cannot be obtained for any value of the parameters. These points are the points of the intersection of the quadric and its tangent plane at A . {\displaystyle A.} In this specific case, these points have nonreal complex coordinates, but it suffices to change one sign in the equation of the quadric for producing real points that are not obtained with the resulting parametrization. Rational points A quadric is defined over a field F {\displaystyle F} if the coefficients of its equation belong to F . {\displaystyle F.} When F {\displaystyle F} is the field Q {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } of the rational numbers, one can suppose that the coefficients are integers by clearing denominators. A point of a quadric defined over a field F {\displaystyle F} is said rational over F {\displaystyle F} if its coordinates belong to F . {\displaystyle F.} A rational point over the field R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } of the real numbers, is called a real point. A rational point over Q {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } is called simply a rational point. By clearing denominators, one can suppose and one supposes generally that the projective coordinates of a rational point (in a quadric defined over Q {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } ) are integers. Also, by clearing denominators of the coefficients, one supposes generally that all the coefficients of the equation of the quadric and the polynomials occurring in the parametrization are integers. Finding the rational points of a projective quadric amounts thus to solve a Diophantine equation. Given a rational point A over a quadric over a field F, the parametrization described in the preceding section provides rational points when the parameters are in F, and, conversely, every rational point of the quadric can be obtained from parameters in F, if the point is not in the tangent hyperplane at A. It follows that, if a quadric has a rational point, it has many other rational points (infinitely many if F is infinite), and these points can be algorithmically generated as soon one knows one of them. As said above, in the case of projective quadrics defined over Q , {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} ,} the parametrization takes the form X i = F i ( T 1 , … , T n ) for  i = 0 , … , n , {\displaystyle X_{i}=F_{i}(T_{1},\ldots ,T_{n})\quad {\text{for }}i=0,\ldots ,n,} where the F i {\displaystyle F_{i}} are homogeneous polynomials of degree two with integer coefficients. Because of the homogeneity, one can consider only parameters that are setwise coprime integers. If Q ( X 0 , … , X n ) = 0 {\displaystyle Q(X_{0},\ldots ,X_{n})=0} is the equation of the quadric, a solution of this equation is said primitive if its components are setwise coprime integers. The primitive solutions are in one to one correspondence with the rational points of the quadric (up to a change of sign of all components of the solution). The non-primitive integer solutions are obtained by multiplying primitive solutions by arbitrary integers; so they do not deserve a specific study. However, setwise coprime parameters can produce non-primitive solutions, and one may have to divide by a greatest common divisor to arrive at the associated primitive solution. Pythagorean triples This is well illustrated by Pythagorean triples. A Pythagorean triple is a triple ( a , b , c ) {\displaystyle (a,b,c)} of positive integers such that a 2 + b 2 = c 2 . {\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}.} A Pythagorean triple is primitive if a , b , c {\displaystyle a,b,c} are setwise coprime, or, equivalently, if any of the three pairs ( a , b ) , {\displaystyle (a,b),} ( b , c ) {\displaystyle (b,c)} and ( a , c ) {\displaystyle (a,c)} is coprime. By choosing A = ( − 1 , 0 , 1 ) , {\displaystyle A=(-1,0,1),} the above method provides the parametrization { a = m 2 − n 2 b = 2 m n c = m 2 + n 2 {\displaystyle {\begin{cases}a=m^{2}-n^{2}\\b=2mn\\c=m^{2}+n^{2}\end{cases}}} for the quadric of equation a 2 + b 2 − c 2 = 0. {\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}-c^{2}=0.} (The names of variables and parameters are being changed from the above ones to those that are common when considering Pythagorean triples). If m and n are coprime integers such that m > n > 0 , {\displaystyle m>n>0,} the resulting triple is a Pythagorean triple. If one of m and n is even and the other is odd, this resulting triple is primitive; otherwise, m and n are both odd, and one obtains a primitive triple by dividing by 2. In summary, the primitive Pythagorean triples with b {\displaystyle b} even are obtained as a = m 2 − n 2 , b = 2 m n , c = m 2 + n 2 , {\displaystyle a=m^{2}-n^{2},\quad b=2mn,\quad c=m^{2}+n^{2},} with m and n coprime integers such that one is even and m > n > 0 {\displaystyle m>n>0} (this is Euclid's formula). The primitive Pythagorean triples with b {\displaystyle b} odd are obtained as a = m 2 − n 2 2 , b = m n , c = m 2 + n 2 2 , {\displaystyle a={\frac {m^{2}-n^{2}}{2}},\quad b=mn,\quad c={\frac {m^{2}+n^{2}}{2}},} with m and n coprime odd integers such that m > n > 0. {\displaystyle m>n>0.} As the exchange of a and b transforms a Pythagorean triple into another Pythagorean triple, only one of the two cases is sufficient for producing all primitive Pythagorean triples. Projective quadrics over fields The definition of a projective quadric in a real projective space (see above) can be formally adapted by defining a projective quadric in an n-dimensional projective space over a field. In order to omit dealing with coordinates, a projective quadric is usually defined by starting with a quadratic form on a vector space. Quadratic form Let K {\displaystyle K} be a field and V {\displaystyle V} a vector space over K {\displaystyle K} . A mapping q {\displaystyle q} from V {\displaystyle V} to K {\displaystyle K} such that (Q1) q ( λ x → ) = λ 2 q ( x → ) {\displaystyle \;q(\lambda {\vec {x}})=\lambda ^{2}q({\vec {x}})\;} for any λ ∈ K {\displaystyle \lambda \in K} and x → ∈ V {\displaystyle {\vec {x}}\in V} . (Q2) f ( x → , y → ) := q ( x → + y → ) − q ( x → ) − q ( y → ) {\displaystyle \;f({\vec {x}},{\vec {y}}):=q({\vec {x}}+{\vec {y}})-q({\vec {x}})-q({\vec {y}})\;} is a bilinear form. is called quadratic form. The bilinear form f {\displaystyle f} is symmetric. In case of char ⁡ K ≠ 2 {\displaystyle \operatorname {char} K\neq 2} the bilinear form is f ( x → , x → ) = 2 q ( x → ) {\displaystyle f({\vec {x}},{\vec {x}})=2q({\vec {x}})} , i.e. f {\displaystyle f} and q {\displaystyle q} are mutually determined in a unique way. In case of char ⁡ K = 2 {\displaystyle \operatorname {char} K=2} (that means: 1 + 1 = 0 {\displaystyle 1+1=0} ) the bilinear form has the property f ( x → , x → ) = 0 {\displaystyle f({\vec {x}},{\vec {x}})=0} , i.e. f {\displaystyle f} is symplectic. For V = K n   {\displaystyle V=K^{n}\ } and   x → = ∑ i = 1 n x i e → i {\displaystyle \ {\vec {x}}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}x_{i}{\vec {e}}_{i}\quad } ( { e → 1 , … , e → n } {\displaystyle \{{\vec {e}}_{1},\ldots ,{\vec {e}}_{n}\}} is a base of V {\displaystyle V} )   q {\displaystyle \ q} has the familiar form q ( x → ) = ∑ 1 = i ≤ k n a i k x i x k    with    a i k := f ( e → i , e → k )    for    i ≠ k    and    a i i := q ( e → i )   {\displaystyle q({\vec {x}})=\sum _{1=i\leq k}^{n}a_{ik}x_{i}x_{k}\ {\text{ with }}\ a_{ik}:=f({\vec {e}}_{i},{\vec {e}}_{k})\ {\text{ for }}\ i\neq k\ {\text{ and }}\ a_{ii}:=q({\vec {e}}_{i})\ } and f ( x → , y → ) = ∑ 1 = i ≤ k n a i k ( x i y k + x k y i ) {\displaystyle f({\vec {x}},{\vec {y}})=\sum _{1=i\leq k}^{n}a_{ik}(x_{i}y_{k}+x_{k}y_{i})} . For example: n = 3 , q ( x → ) = x 1 x 2 − x 3 2 , f ( x → , y → ) = x 1 y 2 + x 2 y 1 − 2 x 3 y 3 . {\displaystyle n=3,\quad q({\vec {x}})=x_{1}x_{2}-x_{3}^{2},\quad f({\vec {x}},{\vec {y}})=x_{1}y_{2}+x_{2}y_{1}-2x_{3}y_{3}\;.} n-dimensional projective space over a field Let K {\displaystyle K} be a field, 2 ≤ n ∈ N {\displaystyle 2\leq n\in \mathbb {N} } , V n + 1 {\displaystyle V_{n+1}} an (n + 1)-dimensional vector space over the field K , {\displaystyle K,} ⟨ x → ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle {\vec {x}}\rangle } the 1-dimensional subspace generated by 0 → ≠ x → ∈ V n + 1 {\displaystyle {\vec {0}}\neq {\vec {x}}\in V_{n+1}} , P = { ⟨ x → ⟩ ∣ x → ∈ V n + 1 } ,   {\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}=\{\langle {\vec {x}}\rangle \mid {\vec {x}}\in V_{n+1}\},\ } the set of points , G = { 2-dimensional subspaces of  V n + 1 } ,   {\displaystyle {\mathcal {G}}=\{{\text{2-dimensional subspaces of }}V_{n+1}\},\ } the set of lines. P n ( K ) = ( P , G )   {\displaystyle P_{n}(K)=({\mathcal {P}},{\mathcal {G}})\ } is the n-dimensional projective space over K {\displaystyle K} . The set of points contained in a ( k + 1 ) {\displaystyle (k+1)} -dimensional subspace of V n + 1 {\displaystyle V_{n+1}} is a k {\displaystyle k} -dimensional subspace of P n ( K ) {\displaystyle P_{n}(K)} . A 2-dimensional subspace is a plane. In case of n > 3 {\displaystyle \;n>3\;} a ( n − 1 ) {\displaystyle (n-1)} -dimensional subspace is called hyperplane. Projective quadric A quadratic form q {\displaystyle q} on a vector space V n + 1 {\displaystyle V_{n+1}} defines a quadric Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} in the associated projective space P , {\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}},} as the set of the points ⟨ x → ⟩ ∈ P {\displaystyle \langle {\vec {x}}\rangle \in {\mathcal {P}}} such that q ( x → ) = 0 {\displaystyle q({\vec {x}})=0} . That is, Q = { ⟨ x → ⟩ ∈ P ∣ q ( x → ) = 0 } . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}=\{\langle {\vec {x}}\rangle \in {\mathcal {P}}\mid q({\vec {x}})=0\}.} Examples in P 2 ( K ) {\displaystyle P_{2}(K)} .: (E1): For q ( x → ) = x 1 x 2 − x 3 2 {\displaystyle \;q({\vec {x}})=x_{1}x_{2}-x_{3}^{2}\;} one obtains a conic. (E2): For q ( x → ) = x 1 x 2 {\displaystyle \;q({\vec {x}})=x_{1}x_{2}\;} one obtains the pair of lines with the equations x 1 = 0 {\displaystyle x_{1}=0} and x 2 = 0 {\displaystyle x_{2}=0} , respectively. They intersect at point ⟨ ( 0 , 0 , 1 ) T ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle (0,0,1)^{\text{T}}\rangle } ; For the considerations below it is assumed that Q ≠ ∅ {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}\neq \emptyset } . Polar space For point P = ⟨ p → ⟩ ∈ P {\displaystyle P=\langle {\vec {p}}\rangle \in {\mathcal {P}}} the set P ⊥ := { ⟨ x → ⟩ ∈ P ∣ f ( p → , x → ) = 0 } {\displaystyle P^{\perp }:=\{\langle {\vec {x}}\rangle \in {\mathcal {P}}\mid f({\vec {p}},{\vec {x}})=0\}} is called polar space of P {\displaystyle P} (with respect to q {\displaystyle q} ). If f ( p → , x → ) = 0 {\displaystyle \;f({\vec {p}},{\vec {x}})=0\;} for all x → {\displaystyle {\vec {x}}} , one obtains P ⊥ = P {\displaystyle P^{\perp }={\mathcal {P}}} . If f ( p → , x → ) ≠ 0 {\displaystyle \;f({\vec {p}},{\vec {x}})\neq 0\;} for at least one x → {\displaystyle {\vec {x}}} , the equation f ( p → , x → ) = 0 {\displaystyle \;f({\vec {p}},{\vec {x}})=0\;} is a non trivial linear equation which defines a hyperplane. Hence P ⊥ {\displaystyle P^{\perp }} is either a hyperplane or P {\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}} . Intersection with a line For the intersection of an arbitrary line g {\displaystyle g} with a quadric Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} , the following cases may occur: a) g ∩ Q = ∅ {\displaystyle g\cap {\mathcal {Q}}=\emptyset \;} and g {\displaystyle g} is called exterior line b) g ⊂ Q {\displaystyle g\subset {\mathcal {Q}}\;} and g {\displaystyle g} is called a line in the quadric c) | g ∩ Q | = 1 {\displaystyle |g\cap {\mathcal {Q}}|=1\;} and g {\displaystyle g} is called tangent line d) | g ∩ Q | = 2 {\displaystyle |g\cap {\mathcal {Q}}|=2\;} and g {\displaystyle g} is called secant line. Proof: Let g {\displaystyle g} be a line, which intersects Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} at point U = ⟨ u → ⟩ {\displaystyle \;U=\langle {\vec {u}}\rangle \;} and V = ⟨ v → ⟩ {\displaystyle \;V=\langle {\vec {v}}\rangle \;} is a second point on g {\displaystyle g} . From q ( u → ) = 0 {\displaystyle \;q({\vec {u}})=0\;} one obtains q ( x u → + v → ) = q ( x u → ) + q ( v → ) + f ( x u → , v → ) = q ( v → ) + x f ( u → , v → ) . {\displaystyle q(x{\vec {u}}+{\vec {v}})=q(x{\vec {u}})+q({\vec {v}})+f(x{\vec {u}},{\vec {v}})=q({\vec {v}})+xf({\vec {u}},{\vec {v}})\;.} I) In case of g ⊂ U ⊥ {\displaystyle g\subset U^{\perp }} the equation f ( u → , v → ) = 0 {\displaystyle f({\vec {u}},{\vec {v}})=0} holds and it is q ( x u → + v → ) = q ( v → ) {\displaystyle \;q(x{\vec {u}}+{\vec {v}})=q({\vec {v}})\;} for any x ∈ K {\displaystyle x\in K} . Hence either q ( x u → + v → ) = 0 {\displaystyle \;q(x{\vec {u}}+{\vec {v}})=0\;} for any x ∈ K {\displaystyle x\in K} or q ( x u → + v → ) ≠ 0 {\displaystyle \;q(x{\vec {u}}+{\vec {v}})\neq 0\;} for any x ∈ K {\displaystyle x\in K} , which proves b) and b'). II) In case of g ⊄ U ⊥ {\displaystyle g\not \subset U^{\perp }} one obtains f ( u → , v → ) ≠ 0 {\displaystyle f({\vec {u}},{\vec {v}})\neq 0} and the equation q ( x u → + v → ) = q ( v → ) + x f ( u → , v → ) = 0 {\displaystyle \;q(x{\vec {u}}+{\vec {v}})=q({\vec {v}})+xf({\vec {u}},{\vec {v}})=0\;} has exactly one solution x {\displaystyle x} . Hence: | g ∩ Q | = 2 {\displaystyle |g\cap {\mathcal {Q}}|=2} , which proves c). Additionally the proof shows: A line g {\displaystyle g} through a point P ∈ Q {\displaystyle P\in {\mathcal {Q}}} is a tangent line if and only if g ⊂ P ⊥ {\displaystyle g\subset P^{\perp }} . f-radical, q-radical In the classical cases K = R {\displaystyle K=\mathbb {R} } or C {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} } there exists only one radical, because of char ⁡ K ≠ 2 {\displaystyle \operatorname {char} K\neq 2} and f {\displaystyle f} and q {\displaystyle q} are closely connected. In case of char ⁡ K = 2 {\displaystyle \operatorname {char} K=2} the quadric Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} is not determined by f {\displaystyle f} (see above) and so one has to deal with two radicals: a) R := { P ∈ P ∣ P ⊥ = P } {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}:=\{P\in {\mathcal {P}}\mid P^{\perp }={\mathcal {P}}\}} is a projective subspace. R {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}} is called f-radical of quadric Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} . b) S := R ∩ Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}:={\mathcal {R}}\cap {\mathcal {Q}}} is called singular radical or q {\displaystyle q} -radical of Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} . c) In case of char ⁡ K ≠ 2 {\displaystyle \operatorname {char} K\neq 2} one has R = S {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}={\mathcal {S}}} . A quadric is called non-degenerate if S = ∅ {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}=\emptyset } . Examples in P 2 ( K ) {\displaystyle P_{2}(K)} (see above): (E1): For q ( x → ) = x 1 x 2 − x 3 2 {\displaystyle \;q({\vec {x}})=x_{1}x_{2}-x_{3}^{2}\;} (conic) the bilinear form is f ( x → , y → ) = x 1 y 2 + x 2 y 1 − 2 x 3 y 3 . {\displaystyle f({\vec {x}},{\vec {y}})=x_{1}y_{2}+x_{2}y_{1}-2x_{3}y_{3}\;.} In case of char ⁡ K ≠ 2 {\displaystyle \operatorname {char} K\neq 2} the polar spaces are never P {\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}} . Hence R = S = ∅ {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}={\mathcal {S}}=\emptyset } . In case of char ⁡ K = 2 {\displaystyle \operatorname {char} K=2} the bilinear form is reduced to f ( x → , y → ) = x 1 y 2 + x 2 y 1 {\displaystyle f({\vec {x}},{\vec {y}})=x_{1}y_{2}+x_{2}y_{1}\;} and R = ⟨ ( 0 , 0 , 1 ) T ⟩ ∉ Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}=\langle (0,0,1)^{\text{T}}\rangle \notin {\mathcal {Q}}} . Hence R ≠ S = ∅ . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}\neq {\mathcal {S}}=\emptyset \;.} In this case the f-radical is the common point of all tangents, the so called knot. In both cases S = ∅ {\displaystyle S=\emptyset } and the quadric (conic) ist non-degenerate. (E2): For q ( x → ) = x 1 x 2 {\displaystyle \;q({\vec {x}})=x_{1}x_{2}\;} (pair of lines) the bilinear form is f ( x → , y → ) = x 1 y 2 + x 2 y 1 {\displaystyle f({\vec {x}},{\vec {y}})=x_{1}y_{2}+x_{2}y_{1}\;} and R = ⟨ ( 0 , 0 , 1 ) T ⟩ = S , {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}=\langle (0,0,1)^{\text{T}}\rangle ={\mathcal {S}}\;,} the intersection point. In this example the quadric is degenerate. Symmetries A quadric is a rather homogeneous object: For any point P ∉ Q ∪ R {\displaystyle P\notin {\mathcal {Q}}\cup {\mathcal {R}}\;} there exists an involutorial central collineation σ P {\displaystyle \sigma _{P}} with center P {\displaystyle P} and σ P ( Q ) = Q {\displaystyle \sigma _{P}({\mathcal {Q}})={\mathcal {Q}}} . Proof: Due to P ∉ Q ∪ R {\displaystyle P\notin {\mathcal {Q}}\cup {\mathcal {R}}} the polar space P ⊥ {\displaystyle P^{\perp }} is a hyperplane. The linear mapping φ : x → → x → − f ( p → , x → ) q ( p → ) p → {\displaystyle \varphi :{\vec {x}}\rightarrow {\vec {x}}-{\frac {f({\vec {p}},{\vec {x}})}{q({\vec {p}})}}{\vec {p}}} induces an involutorial central collineation σ P {\displaystyle \sigma _{P}} with axis P ⊥ {\displaystyle P^{\perp }} and centre P {\displaystyle P} which leaves Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} invariant. In the case of char ⁡ K ≠ 2 {\displaystyle \operatorname {char} K\neq 2} , the mapping φ {\displaystyle \varphi } produces the familiar shape φ : x → → x → − 2 f ( p → , x → ) f ( p → , p → ) p → {\displaystyle \;\varphi :{\vec {x}}\rightarrow {\vec {x}}-2{\frac {f({\vec {p}},{\vec {x}})}{f({\vec {p}},{\vec {p}})}}{\vec {p}}\;} with φ ( p → ) = − p → {\displaystyle \;\varphi ({\vec {p}})=-{\vec {p}}} and φ ( x → ) = x → {\displaystyle \;\varphi ({\vec {x}})={\vec {x}}\;} for any ⟨ x → ⟩ ∈ P ⊥ {\displaystyle \langle {\vec {x}}\rangle \in P^{\perp }} . Remark: a) An exterior line, a tangent line or a secant line is mapped by the involution σ P {\displaystyle \sigma _{P}} on an exterior, tangent and secant line, respectively. b) R {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}} is pointwise fixed by σ P {\displaystyle \sigma _{P}} . q-subspaces and index of a quadric A subspace U {\displaystyle \;{\mathcal {U}}\;} of P n ( K ) {\displaystyle P_{n}(K)} is called q {\displaystyle q} -subspace if U ⊂ Q {\displaystyle \;{\mathcal {U}}\subset {\mathcal {Q}}\;} For example: points on a sphere or lines on a hyperboloid (s. below). Any two maximal q {\displaystyle q} -subspaces have the same dimension m {\displaystyle m} . Let be m {\displaystyle m} the dimension of the maximal q {\displaystyle q} -subspaces of Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} then The integer i := m + 1 {\displaystyle \;i:=m+1\;} is called index of Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} . Theorem: (BUEKENHOUT) For the index i {\displaystyle i} of a non-degenerate quadric Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} in P n ( K ) {\displaystyle P_{n}(K)} the following is true: i ≤ n + 1 2 {\displaystyle i\leq {\frac {n+1}{2}}} . Let be Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} a non-degenerate quadric in P n ( K ) , n ≥ 2 {\displaystyle P_{n}(K),n\geq 2} , and i {\displaystyle i} its index. In case of i = 1 {\displaystyle i=1} quadric Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} is called sphere (or oval conic if n = 2 {\displaystyle n=2} ). In case of i = 2 {\displaystyle i=2} quadric Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} is called hyperboloid (of one sheet). Examples: a) Quadric Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} in P 2 ( K ) {\displaystyle P_{2}(K)} with form q ( x → ) = x 1 x 2 − x 3 2 {\displaystyle \;q({\vec {x}})=x_{1}x_{2}-x_{3}^{2}\;} is non-degenerate with index 1. b) If polynomial p ( ξ ) = ξ 2 + a 0 ξ + b 0 {\displaystyle \;p(\xi )=\xi ^{2}+a_{0}\xi +b_{0}\;} is irreducible over K {\displaystyle K} the quadratic form q ( x → ) = x 1 2 + a 0 x 1 x 2 + b 0 x 2 2 − x 3 x 4 {\displaystyle \;q({\vec {x}})=x_{1}^{2}+a_{0}x_{1}x_{2}+b_{0}x_{2}^{2}-x_{3}x_{4}\;} gives rise to a non-degenerate quadric Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} in P 3 ( K ) {\displaystyle P_{3}(K)} of index 1 (sphere). For example: p ( ξ ) = ξ 2 + 1 {\displaystyle \;p(\xi )=\xi ^{2}+1\;} is irreducible over R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } (but not over C {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }  !). c) In P 3 ( K ) {\displaystyle P_{3}(K)} the quadratic form q ( x → ) = x 1 x 2 + x 3 x 4 {\displaystyle \;q({\vec {x}})=x_{1}x_{2}+x_{3}x_{4}\;} generates a hyperboloid. Generalization of quadrics: quadratic sets It is not reasonable to formally extend the definition of quadrics to spaces over genuine skew fields (division rings). Because one would obtain secants bearing more than 2 points of the quadric which is totally different from usual quadrics. The reason is the following statement. A division ring K {\displaystyle K} is commutative if and only if any equation x 2 + a x + b = 0 ,   a , b ∈ K {\displaystyle x^{2}+ax+b=0,\ a,b\in K} , has at most two solutions. There are generalizations of quadrics: quadratic sets. A quadratic set is a set of points of a projective space with the same geometric properties as a quadric: every line intersects a quadratic set in at most two points or is contained in the set. See also Klein quadric Rotation of axes Superquadrics Translation of axes References ^ Silvio Levy Quadrics in "Geometry Formulas and Facts", excerpted from 30th Edition of CRC Standard Mathematical Tables and Formulas, CRC Press, from The Geometry Center at University of Minnesota ^ Stewart Venit and Wayne Bishop, Elementary Linear Algebra (fourth edition), International Thompson Publishing, 1996. ^ S. Lazebnik and J. Ponce, "The Local Projective Shape of Smooth Surfaces and Their Outlines" (PDF)., Proposition 1 ^ Beutelspacher/Rosenbaum p.158 ^ Beutelpacher/Rosenbaum, p.139 ^ F. Buekenhout: Ensembles Quadratiques des Espace Projective, Math. Teitschr. 110 (1969), p. 306-318. ^ R. Artzy: The Conic y = x 2 {\displaystyle y=x^{2}} in Moufang Planes, Aequat.Mathem. 6 (1971), p. 31-35 ^ E. Berz: Kegelschnitte in Desarguesschen Ebenen, Math. Zeitschr. 78 (1962), p. 55-8 ^ external link E. Hartmann: Planar Circle Geometries, p. 123 ^ Beutelspacher/Rosenbaum: p. 135 Bibliography M. Audin: Geometry, Springer, Berlin, 2002, ISBN 978-3-540-43498-6, p. 200. M. Berger: Problem Books in Mathematics, ISSN 0941-3502, Springer New York, pp 79–84. A. Beutelspacher, U. Rosenbaum: Projektive Geometrie, Vieweg + Teubner, Braunschweig u. a. 1992, ISBN 3-528-07241-5, p. 159. P. Dembowski: Finite Geometries, Springer, 1968, ISBN 978-3-540-61786-0, p. 43. Iskovskikh, V.A. (2001) , "Quadric", Encyclopedia of Mathematics, EMS Press Weisstein, Eric W. "Quadric". MathWorld. External links Interactive Java 3D models of all quadric surfaces Lecture Note Planar Circle Geometries, an Introduction to Moebius, Laguerre and Minkowski Planes, p. 117 Authority control databases: National France BnF data Israel United States Czech Republic
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For quadrics in algebraic geometry, see Quadric (algebraic geometry).In mathematics, a quadric or quadric surface (quadric hypersurface in higher dimensions), is a generalization of conic sections (ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas). It is a hypersurface (of dimension D) in a (D + 1)-dimensional space, and it is defined as the zero set of an irreducible polynomial of degree two in D + 1 variables; for example, D = 1 in the case of conic sections. When the defining polynomial is not absolutely irreducible, the zero set is generally not considered a quadric, although it is often called a degenerate quadric or a reducible quadric.In coordinates x1, x2, ..., xD+1, the general quadric is thus defined by the algebraic equation[1]∑\n \n i\n ,\n j\n =\n 1\n \n \n D\n +\n 1\n \n \n \n x\n \n i\n \n \n \n Q\n \n i\n j\n \n \n \n x\n \n j\n \n \n +\n \n ∑\n \n i\n =\n 1\n \n \n D\n +\n 1\n \n \n \n P\n \n i\n \n \n \n x\n \n i\n \n \n +\n R\n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\sum _{i,j=1}^{D+1}x_{i}Q_{ij}x_{j}+\\sum _{i=1}^{D+1}P_{i}x_{i}+R=0}which may be compactly written in vector and matrix notation as:x\n Q\n \n x\n \n \n T\n \n \n \n +\n P\n \n x\n \n \n T\n \n \n \n +\n R\n =\n 0\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle xQx^{\\mathrm {T} }+Px^{\\mathrm {T} }+R=0\\,}where x = (x1, x2, ..., xD+1) is a row vector, xT is the transpose of x (a column vector), Q is a (D + 1) × (D + 1) matrix and P is a (D + 1)-dimensional row vector and R a scalar constant. The values Q, P and R are often taken to be over real numbers or complex numbers, but a quadric may be defined over any field.A quadric is an affine algebraic variety, or, if it is reducible, an affine algebraic set. Quadrics may also be defined in projective spaces; see § Normal form of projective quadrics, below.","title":"Quadric"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Euclidean plane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_plane"},{"link_name":"plane curves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_curve"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eccentricity.svg"}],"text":"As the dimension of a Euclidean plane is two, quadrics in a Euclidean plane have dimension one and are thus plane curves. They are called conic sections, or conics.Circle (e = 0), ellipse (e = 0.5), parabola (e = 1), and hyperbola (e = 2) with fixed focus F and directrix.","title":"Euclidean plane"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Euclidean space","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_space"},{"link_name":"quadratic equations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_equation"},{"link_name":"orbits","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit_(group_theory)"},{"link_name":"affine transformations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine_transformation"},{"link_name":"principal axis theorem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_axis_theorem"},{"link_name":"Cartesian coordinates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_coordinates"},{"link_name":"Euclidean transformation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_transformation"},{"link_name":"normal form","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_form"},{"link_name":"if and only if","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_and_only_if"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ela-2"},{"link_name":"complex conjugate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_conjugate"},{"link_name":"ellipsoid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipsoid"},{"link_name":"paraboloids","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraboloid"},{"link_name":"hyperboloids","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperboloid"},{"link_name":"of revolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_of_revolution"}],"text":"In three-dimensional Euclidean space, quadrics have dimension two, and are known as quadric surfaces. Their quadratic equations have the formA\n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n B\n \n y\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n C\n \n z\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n D\n x\n y\n +\n E\n y\n z\n +\n F\n x\n z\n +\n G\n x\n +\n H\n y\n +\n I\n z\n +\n J\n =\n 0\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle Ax^{2}+By^{2}+Cz^{2}+Dxy+Eyz+Fxz+Gx+Hy+Iz+J=0,}where \n \n \n \n A\n ,\n B\n ,\n …\n ,\n J\n \n \n {\\displaystyle A,B,\\ldots ,J}\n \n are real numbers, and at least one of A, B, and C is nonzero.The quadric surfaces are classified and named by their shape, which corresponds to the orbits under affine transformations. That is, if an affine transformation maps a quadric onto another one, they belong to the same class, and share the same name and many properties.The principal axis theorem shows that for any (possibly reducible) quadric, a suitable change of Cartesian coordinates or, equivalently, a Euclidean transformation allows putting the equation of the quadric into a unique simple form on which the class of the quadric is immediately visible. This form is called the normal form of the equation, since two quadrics have the same normal form if and only if there is a Euclidean transformation that maps one quadric to the other. The normal forms are as follows:x\n \n 2\n \n \n \n a\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n +\n \n \n \n y\n \n 2\n \n \n \n b\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n +\n \n ε\n \n 1\n \n \n \n \n \n z\n \n 2\n \n \n \n c\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n +\n \n ε\n \n 2\n \n \n =\n 0\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {x^{2} \\over a^{2}}+{y^{2} \\over b^{2}}+\\varepsilon _{1}{z^{2} \\over c^{2}}+\\varepsilon _{2}=0,}\n \n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n \n a\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n −\n \n \n \n y\n \n 2\n \n \n \n b\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n +\n \n ε\n \n 3\n \n \n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {x^{2} \\over a^{2}}-{y^{2} \\over b^{2}}+\\varepsilon _{3}=0}\n \n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n \n a\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n +\n \n ε\n \n 4\n \n \n =\n 0\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {x^{2} \\over a^{2}}+\\varepsilon _{4}=0,}\n \n\n\n \n \n \n z\n =\n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n \n a\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n +\n \n ε\n \n 5\n \n \n \n \n \n y\n \n 2\n \n \n \n b\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle z={x^{2} \\over a^{2}}+\\varepsilon _{5}{y^{2} \\over b^{2}},}where the \n \n \n \n \n ε\n \n i\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{i}}\n \n are either 1, –1 or 0, except \n \n \n \n \n ε\n \n 3\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{3}}\n \n which takes only the value 0 or 1.Each of these 17 normal forms[2] corresponds to a single orbit under affine transformations. In three cases there are no real points: \n \n \n \n \n ε\n \n 1\n \n \n =\n \n ε\n \n 2\n \n \n =\n 1\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{1}=\\varepsilon _{2}=1}\n \n (imaginary ellipsoid), \n \n \n \n \n ε\n \n 1\n \n \n =\n 0\n ,\n \n ε\n \n 2\n \n \n =\n 1\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{1}=0,\\varepsilon _{2}=1}\n \n (imaginary elliptic cylinder), and \n \n \n \n \n ε\n \n 4\n \n \n =\n 1\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{4}=1}\n \n (pair of complex conjugate parallel planes, a reducible quadric). In one case, the imaginary cone, there is a single point (\n \n \n \n \n ε\n \n 1\n \n \n =\n 1\n ,\n \n ε\n \n 2\n \n \n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{1}=1,\\varepsilon _{2}=0}\n \n). If \n \n \n \n \n ε\n \n 1\n \n \n =\n \n ε\n \n 2\n \n \n =\n 0\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{1}=\\varepsilon _{2}=0,}\n \n one has a line (in fact two complex conjugate intersecting planes). For \n \n \n \n \n ε\n \n 3\n \n \n =\n 0\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{3}=0,}\n \n one has two intersecting planes (reducible quadric). For \n \n \n \n \n ε\n \n 4\n \n \n =\n 0\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{4}=0,}\n \n one has a double plane. For \n \n \n \n \n ε\n \n 4\n \n \n =\n −\n 1\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\varepsilon _{4}=-1,}\n \n one has two parallel planes (reducible quadric).Thus, among the 17 normal forms, there are nine true quadrics: a cone, three cylinders (often called degenerate quadrics) and five non-degenerate quadrics (ellipsoid, paraboloids and hyperboloids), which are detailed in the following tables. The eight remaining quadrics are the imaginary ellipsoid (no real point), the imaginary cylinder (no real point), the imaginary cone (a single real point), and the reducible quadrics, which are decomposed in two planes; there are five such decomposed quadrics, depending whether the planes are distinct or not, parallel or not, real or complex conjugate.When two or more of the parameters of the canonical equation are equal, one obtains a quadric of revolution, which remains invariant when rotated around an axis (or infinitely many axes, in the case of the sphere).","title":"Euclidean space"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"zeros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_of_a_function"},{"link_name":"real","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_number"},{"link_name":"Euclidean space","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_space"},{"link_name":"field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(mathematics)"},{"link_name":"affine space","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine_space"},{"link_name":"algebraic geometry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_geometry"},{"link_name":"algebraically closed field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraically_closed_field"},{"link_name":"complex numbers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number"},{"link_name":"projective space","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective_space"},{"link_name":"projective completion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective_completion"},{"link_name":"points at infinity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Points_at_infinity"},{"link_name":"homogenizing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogenization_of_a_polynomial"},{"link_name":"projective coordinates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective_coordinates"},{"link_name":"homogeneous polynomial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneous_polynomial"}],"text":"An affine quadric is the set of zeros of a polynomial of degree two. When not specified otherwise, the polynomial is supposed to have real coefficients, and the zeros are points in a Euclidean space. However, most properties remain true when the coefficients belong to any field and the points belong in an affine space. As usual in algebraic geometry, it is often useful to consider points over an algebraically closed field containing the polynomial coefficients, generally the complex numbers, when the coefficients are real.Many properties becomes easier to state (and to prove) by extending the quadric to the projective space by projective completion, consisting of adding points at infinity. Technically, ifp\n (\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n x\n \n n\n \n \n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle p(x_{1},\\ldots ,x_{n})}is a polynomial of degree two that defines an affine quadric, then its projective completion is defined by homogenizing p intoP\n (\n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n X\n \n n\n \n \n )\n =\n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n p\n \n (\n \n \n \n \n X\n \n 1\n \n \n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n \n \n X\n \n n\n \n \n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n \n \n \n )\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle P(X_{0},\\ldots ,X_{n})=X_{0}^{2}\\,p\\left({\\frac {X_{1}}{X_{0}}},\\ldots ,{\\frac {X_{n}}{X_{0}}}\\right)}(this is a polynomial, because the degree of p is two). The points of the projective completion are the points of the projective space whose projective coordinates are zeros of P.So, a projective quadric is the set of zeros in a projective space of a homogeneous polynomial of degree two.As the above process of homogenization can be reverted by setting X0 = 1:p\n (\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n x\n \n n\n \n \n )\n =\n P\n (\n 1\n ,\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n x\n \n n\n \n \n )\n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle p(x_{1},\\ldots ,x_{n})=P(1,x_{1},\\ldots ,x_{n})\\,,}it is often useful to not distinguish an affine quadric from its projective completion, and to talk of the affine equation or the projective equation of a quadric. However, this is not a perfect equivalence; it is generally the case that \n \n \n \n P\n (\n \n X\n \n )\n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle P(\\mathbf {X} )=0}\n \n will include points with \n \n \n \n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle X_{0}=0}\n \n, which are not also solutions of \n \n \n \n p\n (\n \n x\n \n )\n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle p(\\mathbf {x} )=0}\n \n because these points in projective space correspond to points \"at infinity\" in affine space.","title":"Definition and basic properties"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"affine space","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine_space"},{"link_name":"characteristic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_(algebra)"},{"link_name":"field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(mathematics)"},{"link_name":"upper triangular","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_triangular"},{"link_name":"algebraic hypersurface","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersurface"},{"link_name":"dimension","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimension"},{"link_name":"invertible","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertible_matrix"},{"link_name":"singular point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular_point_of_an_algebraic_variety"},{"link_name":"null space","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_space"},{"link_name":"rank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank_(linear_algebra)"}],"sub_title":"Equation","text":"A quadric in an affine space of dimension n is the set of zeros of a polynomial of degree 2. That is, it is the set of the points whose coordinates satisfy an equationp\n (\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n x\n \n n\n \n \n )\n =\n 0\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle p(x_{1},\\ldots ,x_{n})=0,}where the polynomial p has the formp\n (\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n x\n \n n\n \n \n )\n =\n \n ∑\n \n i\n =\n 1\n \n \n n\n \n \n \n ∑\n \n j\n =\n 1\n \n \n n\n \n \n \n a\n \n i\n ,\n j\n \n \n \n x\n \n i\n \n \n \n x\n \n j\n \n \n +\n \n ∑\n \n i\n =\n 1\n \n \n n\n \n \n (\n \n a\n \n i\n ,\n 0\n \n \n +\n \n a\n \n 0\n ,\n i\n \n \n )\n \n x\n \n i\n \n \n +\n \n a\n \n 0\n ,\n 0\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle p(x_{1},\\ldots ,x_{n})=\\sum _{i=1}^{n}\\sum _{j=1}^{n}a_{i,j}x_{i}x_{j}+\\sum _{i=1}^{n}(a_{i,0}+a_{0,i})x_{i}+a_{0,0}\\,,}for a matrix \n \n \n \n A\n =\n (\n \n a\n \n i\n ,\n j\n \n \n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle A=(a_{i,j})}\n \n with \n \n \n \n i\n \n \n {\\displaystyle i}\n \n and \n \n \n \n j\n \n \n {\\displaystyle j}\n \n running from 0 to \n \n \n \n n\n \n \n {\\displaystyle n}\n \n. When the characteristic of the field of the coefficients is not two, generally \n \n \n \n \n a\n \n i\n ,\n j\n \n \n =\n \n a\n \n j\n ,\n i\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle a_{i,j}=a_{j,i}}\n \n is assumed; equivalently \n \n \n \n A\n =\n \n A\n \n \n T\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle A=A^{\\mathsf {T}}}\n \n. When the characteristic of the field of the coefficients is two, generally \n \n \n \n \n a\n \n i\n ,\n j\n \n \n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle a_{i,j}=0}\n \n is assumed when \n \n \n \n j\n <\n i\n \n \n {\\displaystyle j<i}\n \n; equivalently \n \n \n \n A\n \n \n {\\displaystyle A}\n \n is upper triangular.The equation may be shortened, as the matrix equationx\n \n \n \n T\n \n \n \n A\n \n x\n \n =\n 0\n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {x} ^{\\mathsf {T}}A\\mathbf {x} =0\\,,}withx\n \n =\n \n \n \n (\n \n \n \n 1\n \n \n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n \n \n ⋯\n \n \n \n x\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n \n )\n \n \n \n \n T\n \n \n \n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {x} ={\\begin{pmatrix}1&x_{1}&\\cdots &x_{n}\\end{pmatrix}}^{\\mathsf {T}}\\,.}The equation of the projective completion is almost identical:X\n \n \n \n T\n \n \n \n A\n \n X\n \n =\n 0\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {X} ^{\\mathsf {T}}A\\mathbf {X} =0,}withX\n \n =\n \n \n \n (\n \n \n \n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n \n \n \n X\n \n 1\n \n \n \n \n ⋯\n \n \n \n X\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n \n )\n \n \n \n \n T\n \n \n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {X} ={\\begin{pmatrix}X_{0}&X_{1}&\\cdots &X_{n}\\end{pmatrix}}^{\\mathsf {T}}.}These equations define a quadric as an algebraic hypersurface of dimension n – 1 and degree two in a space of dimension n.A quadric is said to be non-degenerate if the matrix \n \n \n \n A\n \n \n {\\displaystyle A}\n \n is invertible.A non-degenerate quadric is non-singular in the sense that its projective completion has no singular point (a cylinder is non-singular in the affine space, but it is a degenerate quadric that has a singular point at infinity).The singular points of a degenerate quadric are the points whose projective coordinates belong to the null space of the matrix A.A quadric is reducible if and only if the rank of A is one (case of a double hyperplane) or two (case of two hyperplanes).","title":"Definition and basic properties"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"real projective space","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_projective_space"},{"link_name":"Sylvester's law of inertia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvester%27s_law_of_inertia"},{"link_name":"quadratic form","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_form"},{"link_name":"projective transformation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective_transformation"},{"link_name":"Gaussian curvature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_curvature"},{"link_name":"ruled surfaces","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruled_surface"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"complex projective space","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_projective_space"}],"text":"In real projective space, by Sylvester's law of inertia, a non-singular quadratic form P(X) may be put into the normal formP\n (\n X\n )\n =\n ±\n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n 2\n \n \n ±\n \n X\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n ±\n ⋯\n ±\n \n X\n \n D\n +\n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle P(X)=\\pm X_{0}^{2}\\pm X_{1}^{2}\\pm \\cdots \\pm X_{D+1}^{2}}by means of a suitable projective transformation (normal forms for singular quadrics can have zeros as well as ±1 as coefficients). For two-dimensional surfaces (dimension D = 2) in three-dimensional space, there are exactly three non-degenerate cases:P\n (\n X\n )\n =\n \n \n {\n \n \n \n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n X\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n X\n \n 2\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n X\n \n 3\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n X\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n X\n \n 2\n \n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n X\n \n 3\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n X\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n X\n \n 2\n \n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n X\n \n 3\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle P(X)={\\begin{cases}X_{0}^{2}+X_{1}^{2}+X_{2}^{2}+X_{3}^{2}\\\\X_{0}^{2}+X_{1}^{2}+X_{2}^{2}-X_{3}^{2}\\\\X_{0}^{2}+X_{1}^{2}-X_{2}^{2}-X_{3}^{2}\\end{cases}}}The first case is the empty set.The second case generates the ellipsoid, the elliptic paraboloid or the hyperboloid of two sheets, depending on whether the chosen plane at infinity cuts the quadric in the empty set, in a point, or in a nondegenerate conic respectively. These all have positive Gaussian curvature.The third case generates the hyperbolic paraboloid or the hyperboloid of one sheet, depending on whether the plane at infinity cuts it in two lines, or in a nondegenerate conic respectively. These are doubly ruled surfaces of negative Gaussian curvature.The degenerate formX\n \n 0\n \n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n X\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n X\n \n 2\n \n \n 2\n \n \n =\n 0.\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle X_{0}^{2}-X_{1}^{2}-X_{2}^{2}=0.\\,}generates the elliptic cylinder, the parabolic cylinder, the hyperbolic cylinder, or the cone, depending on whether the plane at infinity cuts it in a point, a line, two lines, or a nondegenerate conic respectively. These are singly ruled surfaces of zero Gaussian curvature.We see that projective transformations don't mix Gaussian curvatures of different sign. This is true for general surfaces.[3]In complex projective space all of the nondegenerate quadrics become indistinguishable from each other.","title":"Normal form of projective quadrics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"tangent hyperplane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_space"},{"link_name":"one to one correspondence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_to_one_correspondence"},{"link_name":"parametric equations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametric_equation"},{"link_name":"bijection","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijection"},{"link_name":"projective line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective_line"},{"link_name":"isomorphism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphism"},{"link_name":"algebraic curves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_curve"},{"link_name":"birational map","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birational_map"},{"link_name":"dense","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_set"},{"link_name":"open","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_set"},{"link_name":"Zariski topology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zariski_topology"},{"link_name":"rational parametrization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_parametrization"},{"link_name":"coordinate vector","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate_vector"},{"link_name":"points at infinity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Points_at_infinity"}],"text":"Given a non-singular point A of a quadric, a line passing through A is either tangent to the quadric, or intersects the quadric in exactly one other point (as usual, a line contained in the quadric is considered as a tangent, since it is contained in the tangent hyperplane). This means that the lines passing through A and not tangent to the quadric are in one to one correspondence with the points of the quadric that do not belong to the tangent hyperplane at A. Expressing the points of the quadric in terms of the direction of the corresponding line provides parametric equations of the following forms.In the case of conic sections (quadric curves), this parametrization establishes a bijection between a projective conic section and a projective line; this bijection is an isomorphism of algebraic curves. In higher dimensions, the parametrization defines a birational map, which is a bijection between dense open subsets of the quadric and a projective space of the same dimension (the topology that is considered is the usual one in the case of a real or complex quadric, or the Zariski topology in all cases). The points of the quadric that are not in the image of this bijection are the points of intersection of the quadric and its tangent hyperplane at A.In the affine case, the parametrization is a rational parametrization of the formx\n \n i\n \n \n =\n \n \n \n \n f\n \n i\n \n \n (\n \n t\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n t\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n )\n \n \n \n f\n \n 0\n \n \n (\n \n t\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n t\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n )\n \n \n \n \n \n for \n \n i\n =\n 1\n ,\n …\n ,\n n\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle x_{i}={\\frac {f_{i}(t_{1},\\ldots ,t_{n-1})}{f_{0}(t_{1},\\ldots ,t_{n-1})}}\\quad {\\text{for }}i=1,\\ldots ,n,}where \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n x\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle x_{1},\\ldots ,x_{n}}\n \n are the coordinates of a point of the quadric, \n \n \n \n \n t\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n t\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle t_{1},\\ldots ,t_{n-1}}\n \n are parameters, and \n \n \n \n \n f\n \n 0\n \n \n ,\n \n f\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n f\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle f_{0},f_{1},\\ldots ,f_{n}}\n \n are polynomials of degree at most two.In the projective case, the parametrization has the formX\n \n i\n \n \n =\n \n F\n \n i\n \n \n (\n \n T\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n )\n \n \n for \n \n i\n =\n 0\n ,\n …\n ,\n n\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle X_{i}=F_{i}(T_{1},\\ldots ,T_{n})\\quad {\\text{for }}i=0,\\ldots ,n,}where \n \n \n \n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n X\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle X_{0},\\ldots ,X_{n}}\n \n are the projective coordinates of a point of the quadric, \n \n \n \n \n T\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle T_{1},\\ldots ,T_{n}}\n \n are parameters, and \n \n \n \n \n F\n \n 0\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n F\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle F_{0},\\ldots ,F_{n}}\n \n are homogeneous polynomials of degree two.One passes from one parametrization to the other by putting \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n i\n \n \n =\n \n X\n \n i\n \n \n \n /\n \n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle x_{i}=X_{i}/X_{0},}\n \n and \n \n \n \n \n t\n \n i\n \n \n =\n \n T\n \n i\n \n \n \n /\n \n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n \n :\n \n \n {\\displaystyle t_{i}=T_{i}/T_{n}\\,:}F\n \n i\n \n \n (\n \n T\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n )\n =\n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n f\n \n i\n \n \n \n \n \n (\n \n \n \n \n T\n \n 1\n \n \n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n \n \n T\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n \n )\n \n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle F_{i}(T_{1},\\ldots ,T_{n})=T_{n}^{2}\\,f_{i}\\!{\\left({\\frac {T_{1}}{T_{n}}},\\ldots ,{\\frac {T_{n-1}}{T_{n}}}\\right)}.}For computing the parametrization and proving that the degrees are as asserted, one may proceed as follows in the affine case. One can proceed similarly in the projective case.Let q be the quadratic polynomial that defines the quadric, and \n \n \n \n \n a\n \n =\n (\n \n a\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n \n a\n \n n\n \n \n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {a} =(a_{1},\\ldots a_{n})}\n \n be the coordinate vector of the given point of the quadric (so, \n \n \n \n q\n (\n \n a\n \n )\n =\n 0\n )\n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q(\\mathbf {a} )=0).}\n \n Let \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n =\n (\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n \n x\n \n n\n \n \n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {x} =(x_{1},\\ldots x_{n})}\n \n be the coordinate vector of the point of the quadric to be parametrized, and \n \n \n \n \n t\n \n =\n (\n \n t\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n t\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n ,\n 1\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {t} =(t_{1},\\ldots ,t_{n-1},1)}\n \n be a vector defining the direction used for the parametrization (directions whose last coordinate is zero are not taken into account here; this means that some points of the affine quadric are not parametrized; one says often that they are parametrized by points at infinity in the space of parameters) . The points of the intersection of the quadric and the line of direction \n \n \n \n \n t\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {t} }\n \n passing through \n \n \n \n \n a\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {a} }\n \n are the points \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n =\n \n a\n \n +\n λ\n \n t\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {x} =\\mathbf {a} +\\lambda \\mathbf {t} }\n \n such thatq\n (\n \n a\n \n +\n λ\n \n t\n \n )\n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q(\\mathbf {a} +\\lambda \\mathbf {t} )=0}for some value of the scalar \n \n \n \n λ\n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\lambda .}\n \n This is an equation of degree two in \n \n \n \n λ\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\lambda ,}\n \n except for the values of \n \n \n \n \n t\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {t} }\n \n such that the line is tangent to the quadric (in this case, the degree is one if the line is not included in the quadric, or the equation becomes \n \n \n \n 0\n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle 0=0}\n \n otherwise). The coefficients of \n \n \n \n λ\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\lambda }\n \n and \n \n \n \n \n λ\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\lambda ^{2}}\n \n are respectively of degree at most one and two in \n \n \n \n \n t\n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {t} .}\n \n As the constant coefficient is \n \n \n \n q\n (\n \n a\n \n )\n =\n 0\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q(\\mathbf {a} )=0,}\n \n the equation becomes linear by dividing by \n \n \n \n λ\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\lambda ,}\n \n and its unique solution is the quotient of a polynomial of degree at most one by a polynomial of degree at most two. Substituting this solution into the expression of \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {x} ,}\n \n one obtains the desired parametrization as fractions of polynomials of degree at most two.","title":"Rational parametrization"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"unit circle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_circle"},{"link_name":"unit sphere","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_sphere"},{"link_name":"unit hypersphere","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_hypersphere"}],"sub_title":"Example: circle and spheres","text":"Let consider the quadric of equationx\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n ⋯\n \n x\n \n n\n \n \n 2\n \n \n −\n 1\n =\n 0.\n \n \n {\\displaystyle x_{1}^{2}+x_{2}^{2}+\\cdots x_{n}^{2}-1=0.}For \n \n \n \n n\n =\n 2\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle n=2,}\n \n this is the unit circle; for \n \n \n \n n\n =\n 3\n \n \n {\\displaystyle n=3}\n \n this is the unit sphere; in higher dimensions, this is the unit hypersphere.The point \n \n \n \n \n a\n \n =\n (\n 0\n ,\n …\n ,\n 0\n ,\n −\n 1\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {a} =(0,\\ldots ,0,-1)}\n \n belongs to the quadric (the choice of this point among other similar points is only a question of convenience). So, the equation \n \n \n \n q\n (\n \n a\n \n +\n λ\n \n t\n \n )\n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q(\\mathbf {a} +\\lambda \\mathbf {t} )=0}\n \n of the preceding section becomes(\n λ\n \n t\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n )\n +\n ⋯\n +\n (\n λ\n \n t\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n \n )\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n (\n 1\n −\n λ\n \n )\n \n 2\n \n \n −\n 1\n =\n 0.\n \n \n {\\displaystyle (\\lambda t_{1}^{2})+\\cdots +(\\lambda t_{n-1})^{2}+(1-\\lambda )^{2}-1=0.}By expanding the squares, simplifying the constant terms, dividing by \n \n \n \n λ\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\lambda ,}\n \n and solving in \n \n \n \n λ\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\lambda ,}\n \n one obtainsλ\n =\n \n \n 2\n \n 1\n +\n \n t\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n ⋯\n +\n \n t\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\lambda ={\\frac {2}{1+t_{1}^{2}+\\cdots +t_{n-1}^{2}}}.}Substituting this into \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n =\n \n a\n \n +\n λ\n \n t\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbf {x} =\\mathbf {a} +\\lambda \\mathbf {t} }\n \n and simplifying the expression of the last coordinate, one obtains the parametric equation{\n \n \n \n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n =\n \n \n \n 2\n \n t\n \n 1\n \n \n \n \n 1\n +\n \n t\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n ⋯\n +\n \n t\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n ⋮\n \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n =\n \n \n \n 2\n \n t\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n \n \n 1\n +\n \n t\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n ⋯\n +\n \n t\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n n\n \n \n =\n \n \n \n 1\n −\n \n t\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n −\n ⋯\n −\n \n t\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n 1\n +\n \n t\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n ⋯\n +\n \n t\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n .\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\begin{cases}x_{1}={\\frac {2t_{1}}{1+t_{1}^{2}+\\cdots +t_{n-1}^{2}}}\\\\\\vdots \\\\x_{n-1}={\\frac {2t_{n-1}}{1+t_{1}^{2}+\\cdots +t_{n-1}^{2}}}\\\\x_{n}={\\frac {1-t_{1}^{2}-\\cdots -t_{n-1}^{2}}{1+t_{1}^{2}+\\cdots +t_{n-1}^{2}}}.\\end{cases}}}By homogenizing, one obtains the projective parametrization{\n \n \n \n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n =\n \n T\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n ⋯\n +\n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n X\n \n 1\n \n \n =\n 2\n \n T\n \n 1\n \n \n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n ⋮\n \n \n \n \n \n X\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n =\n 2\n \n T\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n X\n \n n\n \n \n =\n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n T\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n −\n ⋯\n −\n \n T\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n .\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\begin{cases}X_{0}=T_{1}^{2}+\\cdots +T_{n}^{2}\\\\X_{1}=2T_{1}T_{n}\\\\\\vdots \\\\X_{n-1}=2T_{n-1}T_{n}\\\\X_{n}=T_{n}^{2}-T_{1}^{2}-\\cdots -T_{n-1}^{2}.\\end{cases}}}A straightforward verification shows that this induces a bijection between the points of the quadric such that \n \n \n \n \n X\n \n n\n \n \n ≠\n −\n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle X_{n}\\neq -X_{0}}\n \n and the points such that \n \n \n \n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n ≠\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle T_{n}\\neq 0}\n \n in the projective space of the parameters. On the other hand, all values of \n \n \n \n (\n \n T\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle (T_{1},\\ldots ,T_{n})}\n \n such that \n \n \n \n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle T_{n}=0}\n \n and \n \n \n \n \n T\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n ⋯\n +\n \n T\n \n n\n −\n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n ≠\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle T_{1}^{2}+\\cdots +T_{n-1}^{2}\\neq 0}\n \n give the point \n \n \n \n A\n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle A.}In the case of conic sections (\n \n \n \n n\n =\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle n=2}\n \n), there is exactly one point with \n \n \n \n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n =\n 0.\n \n \n {\\displaystyle T_{n}=0.}\n \n and one has a bijection between the circle and the projective line.For \n \n \n \n n\n >\n 2\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle n>2,}\n \n there are many points with \n \n \n \n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n =\n 0\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle T_{n}=0,}\n \n and thus many parameter values for the point \n \n \n \n A\n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle A.}\n \n On the other hand, the other points of the quadric for which \n \n \n \n \n X\n \n n\n \n \n =\n −\n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle X_{n}=-X_{0}}\n \n (and thus \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n n\n \n \n =\n −\n 1\n \n \n {\\displaystyle x_{n}=-1}\n \n) cannot be obtained for any value of the parameters. These points are the points of the intersection of the quadric and its tangent plane at \n \n \n \n A\n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle A.}\n \n In this specific case, these points have nonreal complex coordinates, but it suffices to change one sign in the equation of the quadric for producing real points that are not obtained with the resulting parametrization.","title":"Rational parametrization"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(mathematics)"},{"link_name":"rational numbers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_number"},{"link_name":"integers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer"},{"link_name":"clearing denominators","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearing_denominators"},{"link_name":"rational","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_point"},{"link_name":"projective coordinates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective_coordinates"},{"link_name":"Diophantine equation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diophantine_equation"},{"link_name":"setwise coprime","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setwise_coprime"},{"link_name":"up to","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_to"},{"link_name":"greatest common divisor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatest_common_divisor"}],"text":"A quadric is defined over a field \n \n \n \n F\n \n \n {\\displaystyle F}\n \n if the coefficients of its equation belong to \n \n \n \n F\n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle F.}\n \n When \n \n \n \n F\n \n \n {\\displaystyle F}\n \n is the field \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {Q} }\n \n of the rational numbers, one can suppose that the coefficients are integers by clearing denominators.A point of a quadric defined over a field \n \n \n \n F\n \n \n {\\displaystyle F}\n \n is said rational over \n \n \n \n F\n \n \n {\\displaystyle F}\n \n if its coordinates belong to \n \n \n \n F\n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle F.}\n \n A rational point over the field \n \n \n \n \n R\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {R} }\n \n of the real numbers, is called a real point.A rational point over \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {Q} }\n \n is called simply a rational point. By clearing denominators, one can suppose and one supposes generally that the projective coordinates of a rational point (in a quadric defined over \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {Q} }\n \n) are integers. Also, by clearing denominators of the coefficients, one supposes generally that all the coefficients of the equation of the quadric and the polynomials occurring in the parametrization are integers.Finding the rational points of a projective quadric amounts thus to solve a Diophantine equation.Given a rational point A over a quadric over a field F, the parametrization described in the preceding section provides rational points when the parameters are in F, and, conversely, every rational point of the quadric can be obtained from parameters in F, if the point is not in the tangent hyperplane at A.It follows that, if a quadric has a rational point, it has many other rational points (infinitely many if F is infinite), and these points can be algorithmically generated as soon one knows one of them.As said above, in the case of projective quadrics defined over \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {Q} ,}\n \n the parametrization takes the formX\n \n i\n \n \n =\n \n F\n \n i\n \n \n (\n \n T\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n T\n \n n\n \n \n )\n \n \n for \n \n i\n =\n 0\n ,\n …\n ,\n n\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle X_{i}=F_{i}(T_{1},\\ldots ,T_{n})\\quad {\\text{for }}i=0,\\ldots ,n,}where the \n \n \n \n \n F\n \n i\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle F_{i}}\n \n are homogeneous polynomials of degree two with integer coefficients. Because of the homogeneity, one can consider only parameters that are setwise coprime integers. If \n \n \n \n Q\n (\n \n X\n \n 0\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n X\n \n n\n \n \n )\n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle Q(X_{0},\\ldots ,X_{n})=0}\n \n is the equation of the quadric, a solution of this equation is said primitive if its components are setwise coprime integers. The primitive solutions are in one to one correspondence with the rational points of the quadric (up to a change of sign of all components of the solution). The non-primitive integer solutions are obtained by multiplying primitive solutions by arbitrary integers; so they do not deserve a specific study. However, setwise coprime parameters can produce non-primitive solutions, and one may have to divide by a greatest common divisor to arrive at the associated primitive solution.","title":"Rational points"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pythagorean triples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_triple"},{"link_name":"triple","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_(mathematics)"},{"link_name":"Euclid's formula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid%27s_formula"}],"sub_title":"Pythagorean triples","text":"This is well illustrated by Pythagorean triples. A Pythagorean triple is a triple \n \n \n \n (\n a\n ,\n b\n ,\n c\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle (a,b,c)}\n \n of positive integers such that \n \n \n \n \n a\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n b\n \n 2\n \n \n =\n \n c\n \n 2\n \n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}.}\n \n A Pythagorean triple is primitive if \n \n \n \n a\n ,\n b\n ,\n c\n \n \n {\\displaystyle a,b,c}\n \n are setwise coprime, or, equivalently, if any of the three pairs \n \n \n \n (\n a\n ,\n b\n )\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle (a,b),}\n \n \n \n \n \n (\n b\n ,\n c\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle (b,c)}\n \n and \n \n \n \n (\n a\n ,\n c\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle (a,c)}\n \n is coprime.By choosing \n \n \n \n A\n =\n (\n −\n 1\n ,\n 0\n ,\n 1\n )\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle A=(-1,0,1),}\n \n the above method provides the parametrization{\n \n \n \n a\n =\n \n m\n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n n\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n \n b\n =\n 2\n m\n n\n \n \n \n \n c\n =\n \n m\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n n\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\begin{cases}a=m^{2}-n^{2}\\\\b=2mn\\\\c=m^{2}+n^{2}\\end{cases}}}for the quadric of equation \n \n \n \n \n a\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n b\n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n c\n \n 2\n \n \n =\n 0.\n \n \n {\\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}-c^{2}=0.}\n \n (The names of variables and parameters are being changed from the above ones to those that are common when considering Pythagorean triples).If m and n are coprime integers such that \n \n \n \n m\n >\n n\n >\n 0\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle m>n>0,}\n \n the resulting triple is a Pythagorean triple. If one of m and n is even and the other is odd, this resulting triple is primitive; otherwise, m and n are both odd, and one obtains a primitive triple by dividing by 2.In summary, the primitive Pythagorean triples with \n \n \n \n b\n \n \n {\\displaystyle b}\n \n even are obtained asa\n =\n \n m\n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n n\n \n 2\n \n \n ,\n \n b\n =\n 2\n m\n n\n ,\n \n c\n =\n \n m\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n n\n \n 2\n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle a=m^{2}-n^{2},\\quad b=2mn,\\quad c=m^{2}+n^{2},}with m and n coprime integers such that one is even and \n \n \n \n m\n >\n n\n >\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle m>n>0}\n \n (this is Euclid's formula). The primitive Pythagorean triples with \n \n \n \n b\n \n \n {\\displaystyle b}\n \n odd are obtained asa\n =\n \n \n \n \n m\n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n n\n \n 2\n \n \n \n 2\n \n \n ,\n \n b\n =\n m\n n\n ,\n \n c\n =\n \n \n \n \n m\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n n\n \n 2\n \n \n \n 2\n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle a={\\frac {m^{2}-n^{2}}{2}},\\quad b=mn,\\quad c={\\frac {m^{2}+n^{2}}{2}},}with m and n coprime odd integers such that \n \n \n \n m\n >\n n\n >\n 0.\n \n \n {\\displaystyle m>n>0.}As the exchange of a and b transforms a Pythagorean triple into another Pythagorean triple, only one of the two cases is sufficient for producing all primitive Pythagorean triples.","title":"Rational points"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(mathematics)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"The definition of a projective quadric in a real projective space (see above) can be formally adapted by defining a projective quadric in an n-dimensional projective space over a field. In order to omit dealing with coordinates, a projective quadric is usually defined by starting with a quadratic form on a vector space.[4]","title":"Projective quadrics over fields"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(algebra)"},{"link_name":"vector space","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space"},{"link_name":"bilinear form","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear_form"},{"link_name":"quadratic form","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_form"},{"link_name":"symplectic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symplectic_vector_space"}],"sub_title":"Quadratic form","text":"Let \n \n \n \n K\n \n \n {\\displaystyle K}\n \n be a field and \n \n \n \n V\n \n \n {\\displaystyle V}\n \n a vector space over \n \n \n \n K\n \n \n {\\displaystyle K}\n \n. A mapping \n \n \n \n q\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q}\n \n from \n \n \n \n V\n \n \n {\\displaystyle V}\n \n to \n \n \n \n K\n \n \n {\\displaystyle K}\n \n such that(Q1) \n \n \n \n \n q\n (\n λ\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n λ\n \n 2\n \n \n q\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;q(\\lambda {\\vec {x}})=\\lambda ^{2}q({\\vec {x}})\\;}\n \n for any \n \n \n \n λ\n ∈\n K\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\lambda \\in K}\n \n and \n \n \n \n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ∈\n V\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\vec {x}}\\in V}\n \n.(Q2) \n \n \n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n y\n →\n \n \n \n )\n :=\n q\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n +\n \n \n \n y\n →\n \n \n \n )\n −\n q\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n −\n q\n (\n \n \n \n y\n →\n \n \n \n )\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;f({\\vec {x}},{\\vec {y}}):=q({\\vec {x}}+{\\vec {y}})-q({\\vec {x}})-q({\\vec {y}})\\;}\n \n is a bilinear form.is called quadratic form. The bilinear form \n \n \n \n f\n \n \n {\\displaystyle f}\n \n is symmetric.In case of \n \n \n \n char\n ⁡\n K\n ≠\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {char} K\\neq 2}\n \n the bilinear form is \n \n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n 2\n q\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle f({\\vec {x}},{\\vec {x}})=2q({\\vec {x}})}\n \n, i.e. \n \n \n \n f\n \n \n {\\displaystyle f}\n \n and \n \n \n \n q\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q}\n \n are mutually determined in a unique way.\nIn case of \n \n \n \n char\n ⁡\n K\n =\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {char} K=2}\n \n (that means: \n \n \n \n 1\n +\n 1\n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle 1+1=0}\n \n) the bilinear form has the property \n \n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle f({\\vec {x}},{\\vec {x}})=0}\n \n, i.e. \n \n \n \n f\n \n \n {\\displaystyle f}\n \n is\nsymplectic.For \n \n \n \n V\n =\n \n K\n \n n\n \n \n  \n \n \n {\\displaystyle V=K^{n}\\ }\n \n and \n \n \n \n  \n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n =\n \n ∑\n \n i\n =\n 1\n \n \n n\n \n \n \n x\n \n i\n \n \n \n \n \n \n e\n →\n \n \n \n \n i\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\ {\\vec {x}}=\\sum _{i=1}^{n}x_{i}{\\vec {e}}_{i}\\quad }\n \n\n(\n \n \n \n {\n \n \n \n \n e\n →\n \n \n \n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n \n \n \n e\n →\n \n \n \n \n n\n \n \n }\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\{{\\vec {e}}_{1},\\ldots ,{\\vec {e}}_{n}\\}}\n \n is a base of \n \n \n \n V\n \n \n {\\displaystyle V}\n \n) \n \n \n \n  \n q\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\ q}\n \n has the familiar formq\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n ∑\n \n 1\n =\n i\n ≤\n k\n \n \n n\n \n \n \n a\n \n i\n k\n \n \n \n x\n \n i\n \n \n \n x\n \n k\n \n \n  \n \n  with \n \n  \n \n a\n \n i\n k\n \n \n :=\n f\n (\n \n \n \n \n e\n →\n \n \n \n \n i\n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n \n e\n →\n \n \n \n \n k\n \n \n )\n  \n \n  for \n \n  \n i\n ≠\n k\n  \n \n  and \n \n  \n \n a\n \n i\n i\n \n \n :=\n q\n (\n \n \n \n \n e\n →\n \n \n \n \n i\n \n \n )\n  \n \n \n {\\displaystyle q({\\vec {x}})=\\sum _{1=i\\leq k}^{n}a_{ik}x_{i}x_{k}\\ {\\text{ with }}\\ a_{ik}:=f({\\vec {e}}_{i},{\\vec {e}}_{k})\\ {\\text{ for }}\\ i\\neq k\\ {\\text{ and }}\\ a_{ii}:=q({\\vec {e}}_{i})\\ }\n \n andf\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n y\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n ∑\n \n 1\n =\n i\n ≤\n k\n \n \n n\n \n \n \n a\n \n i\n k\n \n \n (\n \n x\n \n i\n \n \n \n y\n \n k\n \n \n +\n \n x\n \n k\n \n \n \n y\n \n i\n \n \n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle f({\\vec {x}},{\\vec {y}})=\\sum _{1=i\\leq k}^{n}a_{ik}(x_{i}y_{k}+x_{k}y_{i})}\n \n.For example:n\n =\n 3\n ,\n \n q\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n x\n \n 3\n \n \n 2\n \n \n ,\n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n y\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n \n y\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n \n y\n \n 1\n \n \n −\n 2\n \n x\n \n 3\n \n \n \n y\n \n 3\n \n \n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle n=3,\\quad q({\\vec {x}})=x_{1}x_{2}-x_{3}^{2},\\quad f({\\vec {x}},{\\vec {y}})=x_{1}y_{2}+x_{2}y_{1}-2x_{3}y_{3}\\;.}","title":"Projective quadrics over fields"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"dimensional","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimension_(vector_space)"},{"link_name":"vector space","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space"},{"link_name":"subspace generated by \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 0\n →\n \n \n \n ≠\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ∈\n \n V\n \n n\n +\n 1\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\vec {0}}\\neq {\\vec {x}}\\in V_{n+1}}","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_span"},{"link_name":"projective space","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective_space"}],"sub_title":"n-dimensional projective space over a field","text":"Let \n \n \n \n K\n \n \n {\\displaystyle K}\n \n be a field, \n \n \n \n 2\n ≤\n n\n ∈\n \n N\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle 2\\leq n\\in \\mathbb {N} }\n \n,V\n \n n\n +\n 1\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle V_{n+1}}\n \n an (n + 1)-dimensional vector space over the field \n \n \n \n K\n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle K,}\n \n\n\n \n \n \n ⟨\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ⟩\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\langle {\\vec {x}}\\rangle }\n \n the 1-dimensional subspace generated by \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 0\n →\n \n \n \n ≠\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ∈\n \n V\n \n n\n +\n 1\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\vec {0}}\\neq {\\vec {x}}\\in V_{n+1}}\n \n,\n\n \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n \n =\n {\n ⟨\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ⟩\n ∣\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ∈\n \n V\n \n n\n +\n 1\n \n \n }\n ,\n  \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {P}}=\\{\\langle {\\vec {x}}\\rangle \\mid {\\vec {x}}\\in V_{n+1}\\},\\ }\n \n the set of points ,\n\n \n \n \n \n \n G\n \n \n =\n {\n \n 2-dimensional subspaces of \n \n \n V\n \n n\n +\n 1\n \n \n }\n ,\n  \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {G}}=\\{{\\text{2-dimensional subspaces of }}V_{n+1}\\},\\ }\n \n the set of lines.\n\n \n \n \n \n P\n \n n\n \n \n (\n K\n )\n =\n (\n \n \n P\n \n \n ,\n \n \n G\n \n \n )\n  \n \n \n {\\displaystyle P_{n}(K)=({\\mathcal {P}},{\\mathcal {G}})\\ }\n \n is the n-dimensional projective space over \n \n \n \n K\n \n \n {\\displaystyle K}\n \n.\nThe set of points contained in a \n \n \n \n (\n k\n +\n 1\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle (k+1)}\n \n-dimensional subspace of \n \n \n \n \n V\n \n n\n +\n 1\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle V_{n+1}}\n \n is a \n \n \n \n k\n \n \n {\\displaystyle k}\n \n-dimensional subspace of \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n n\n \n \n (\n K\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle P_{n}(K)}\n \n. A 2-dimensional subspace is a plane.\nIn case of \n \n \n \n \n n\n >\n 3\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;n>3\\;}\n \n a \n \n \n \n (\n n\n −\n 1\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle (n-1)}\n \n-dimensional subspace is called hyperplane.","title":"Projective quadrics over fields"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"conic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conic_section"}],"sub_title":"Projective quadric","text":"A quadratic form \n \n \n \n q\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q}\n \n on a vector space \n \n \n \n \n V\n \n n\n +\n 1\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle V_{n+1}}\n \n defines a quadric \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n in the associated projective space \n \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {P}},}\n \n as the set of the points \n \n \n \n ⟨\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ⟩\n ∈\n \n \n P\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\langle {\\vec {x}}\\rangle \\in {\\mathcal {P}}}\n \n such that \n \n \n \n q\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q({\\vec {x}})=0}\n \n. That is,Q\n \n \n =\n {\n ⟨\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ⟩\n ∈\n \n \n P\n \n \n ∣\n q\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n 0\n }\n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}=\\{\\langle {\\vec {x}}\\rangle \\in {\\mathcal {P}}\\mid q({\\vec {x}})=0\\}.}Examples in \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n 2\n \n \n (\n K\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle P_{2}(K)}\n \n.:\n(E1): For \n \n \n \n \n q\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n x\n \n 3\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;q({\\vec {x}})=x_{1}x_{2}-x_{3}^{2}\\;}\n \n one obtains a conic.\n(E2): For \n \n \n \n \n q\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;q({\\vec {x}})=x_{1}x_{2}\\;}\n \n one obtains the pair of lines with the equations \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle x_{1}=0}\n \n and \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle x_{2}=0}\n \n, respectively. They intersect at point \n \n \n \n ⟨\n (\n 0\n ,\n 0\n ,\n 1\n \n )\n \n T\n \n \n ⟩\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\langle (0,0,1)^{\\text{T}}\\rangle }\n \n;For the considerations below it is assumed that \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n ≠\n ∅\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}\\neq \\emptyset }\n \n.","title":"Projective quadrics over fields"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"polar space","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duality_(mathematics)#Polarities_of_general_projective_spaces"},{"link_name":"hyperplane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperplane"}],"sub_title":"Polar space","text":"For point \n \n \n \n P\n =\n ⟨\n \n \n \n p\n →\n \n \n \n ⟩\n ∈\n \n \n P\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle P=\\langle {\\vec {p}}\\rangle \\in {\\mathcal {P}}}\n \n the setP\n \n ⊥\n \n \n :=\n {\n ⟨\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ⟩\n ∈\n \n \n P\n \n \n ∣\n f\n (\n \n \n \n p\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n 0\n }\n \n \n {\\displaystyle P^{\\perp }:=\\{\\langle {\\vec {x}}\\rangle \\in {\\mathcal {P}}\\mid f({\\vec {p}},{\\vec {x}})=0\\}}is called polar space of \n \n \n \n P\n \n \n {\\displaystyle P}\n \n (with respect to \n \n \n \n q\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q}\n \n).If \n \n \n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n p\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n 0\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;f({\\vec {p}},{\\vec {x}})=0\\;}\n \n for all \n \n \n \n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\vec {x}}}\n \n, one obtains \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n ⊥\n \n \n =\n \n \n P\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle P^{\\perp }={\\mathcal {P}}}\n \n.If \n \n \n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n p\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n ≠\n 0\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;f({\\vec {p}},{\\vec {x}})\\neq 0\\;}\n \n for at least one \n \n \n \n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\vec {x}}}\n \n, the equation \n \n \n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n p\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n 0\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;f({\\vec {p}},{\\vec {x}})=0\\;}\n \nis a non trivial linear equation which defines a hyperplane. HenceP\n \n ⊥\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle P^{\\perp }}\n \n is either a hyperplane or \n \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {P}}}\n \n.","title":"Projective quadrics over fields"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Intersection with a line","text":"For the intersection of an arbitrary line \n \n \n \n g\n \n \n {\\displaystyle g}\n \n with a quadric \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n, the following cases may occur:a) \n \n \n \n g\n ∩\n \n \n Q\n \n \n =\n ∅\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle g\\cap {\\mathcal {Q}}=\\emptyset \\;}\n \n and \n \n \n \n g\n \n \n {\\displaystyle g}\n \n is called exterior line\nb) \n \n \n \n g\n ⊂\n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle g\\subset {\\mathcal {Q}}\\;}\n \n and \n \n \n \n g\n \n \n {\\displaystyle g}\n \n is called a line in the quadric\nc) \n \n \n \n \n |\n \n g\n ∩\n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n |\n \n =\n 1\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle |g\\cap {\\mathcal {Q}}|=1\\;}\n \n and \n \n \n \n g\n \n \n {\\displaystyle g}\n \n is called tangent line\nd) \n \n \n \n \n |\n \n g\n ∩\n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n |\n \n =\n 2\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle |g\\cap {\\mathcal {Q}}|=2\\;}\n \n and \n \n \n \n g\n \n \n {\\displaystyle g}\n \n is called secant line.Proof:\nLet \n \n \n \n g\n \n \n {\\displaystyle g}\n \n be a line, which intersects \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n at point \n \n \n \n \n U\n =\n ⟨\n \n \n \n u\n →\n \n \n \n ⟩\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;U=\\langle {\\vec {u}}\\rangle \\;}\n \n and \n \n \n \n \n V\n =\n ⟨\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n ⟩\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;V=\\langle {\\vec {v}}\\rangle \\;}\n \n is a second point on \n \n \n \n g\n \n \n {\\displaystyle g}\n \n.\nFrom \n \n \n \n \n q\n (\n \n \n \n u\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n 0\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;q({\\vec {u}})=0\\;}\n \n one obtains\n\n \n \n \n q\n (\n x\n \n \n \n u\n →\n \n \n \n +\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n q\n (\n x\n \n \n \n u\n →\n \n \n \n )\n +\n q\n (\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n )\n +\n f\n (\n x\n \n \n \n u\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n q\n (\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n )\n +\n x\n f\n (\n \n \n \n u\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n )\n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q(x{\\vec {u}}+{\\vec {v}})=q(x{\\vec {u}})+q({\\vec {v}})+f(x{\\vec {u}},{\\vec {v}})=q({\\vec {v}})+xf({\\vec {u}},{\\vec {v}})\\;.}\n \n\nI) In case of \n \n \n \n g\n ⊂\n \n U\n \n ⊥\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle g\\subset U^{\\perp }}\n \n the equation \n \n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n u\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle f({\\vec {u}},{\\vec {v}})=0}\n \n holds and it is\n\n \n \n \n \n q\n (\n x\n \n \n \n u\n →\n \n \n \n +\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n q\n (\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n )\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;q(x{\\vec {u}}+{\\vec {v}})=q({\\vec {v}})\\;}\n \n for any \n \n \n \n x\n ∈\n K\n \n \n {\\displaystyle x\\in K}\n \n. Hence either \n \n \n \n \n q\n (\n x\n \n \n \n u\n →\n \n \n \n +\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n 0\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;q(x{\\vec {u}}+{\\vec {v}})=0\\;}\n \n\nfor any \n \n \n \n x\n ∈\n K\n \n \n {\\displaystyle x\\in K}\n \n or \n \n \n \n \n q\n (\n x\n \n \n \n u\n →\n \n \n \n +\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n )\n ≠\n 0\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;q(x{\\vec {u}}+{\\vec {v}})\\neq 0\\;}\n \n for any \n \n \n \n x\n ∈\n K\n \n \n {\\displaystyle x\\in K}\n \n, which proves b) and b').\nII) In case of \n \n \n \n g\n ⊄\n \n U\n \n ⊥\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle g\\not \\subset U^{\\perp }}\n \n one obtains \n \n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n u\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n )\n ≠\n 0\n \n \n {\\displaystyle f({\\vec {u}},{\\vec {v}})\\neq 0}\n \n and the equation\n\n \n \n \n \n q\n (\n x\n \n \n \n u\n →\n \n \n \n +\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n q\n (\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n )\n +\n x\n f\n (\n \n \n \n u\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n v\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n 0\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;q(x{\\vec {u}}+{\\vec {v}})=q({\\vec {v}})+xf({\\vec {u}},{\\vec {v}})=0\\;}\n \n has exactly one solution \n \n \n \n x\n \n \n {\\displaystyle x}\n \n.\nHence: \n \n \n \n \n |\n \n g\n ∩\n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n |\n \n =\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle |g\\cap {\\mathcal {Q}}|=2}\n \n, which proves c).Additionally the proof shows:A line \n \n \n \n g\n \n \n {\\displaystyle g}\n \n through a point \n \n \n \n P\n ∈\n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle P\\in {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n is a tangent line if and only if \n \n \n \n g\n ⊂\n \n P\n \n ⊥\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle g\\subset P^{\\perp }}\n \n.","title":"Projective quadrics over fields"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"f-radical, q-radical","text":"In the classical cases \n \n \n \n K\n =\n \n R\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle K=\\mathbb {R} }\n \n or \n \n \n \n \n C\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {C} }\n \n there exists only one radical, because of \n \n \n \n char\n ⁡\n K\n ≠\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {char} K\\neq 2}\n \n and \n \n \n \n f\n \n \n {\\displaystyle f}\n \n and \n \n \n \n q\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q}\n \n are closely connected. In case of \n \n \n \n char\n ⁡\n K\n =\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {char} K=2}\n \n the quadric \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n is not determined by \n \n \n \n f\n \n \n {\\displaystyle f}\n \n (see above) and so one has to deal with two radicals:a) \n \n \n \n \n \n R\n \n \n :=\n {\n P\n ∈\n \n \n P\n \n \n ∣\n \n P\n \n ⊥\n \n \n =\n \n \n P\n \n \n }\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {R}}:=\\{P\\in {\\mathcal {P}}\\mid P^{\\perp }={\\mathcal {P}}\\}}\n \n is a projective subspace. \n \n \n \n \n \n R\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {R}}}\n \n is called f-radical of quadric \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n.\nb) \n \n \n \n \n \n S\n \n \n :=\n \n \n R\n \n \n ∩\n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {S}}:={\\mathcal {R}}\\cap {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n is called singular radical or \n \n \n \n q\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q}\n \n-radical of \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n.\nc) In case of \n \n \n \n char\n ⁡\n K\n ≠\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {char} K\\neq 2}\n \n one has \n \n \n \n \n \n R\n \n \n =\n \n \n S\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {R}}={\\mathcal {S}}}\n \n.A quadric is called non-degenerate if \n \n \n \n \n \n S\n \n \n =\n ∅\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {S}}=\\emptyset }\n \n.Examples in \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n 2\n \n \n (\n K\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle P_{2}(K)}\n \n (see above):\n(E1): For \n \n \n \n \n q\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n x\n \n 3\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;q({\\vec {x}})=x_{1}x_{2}-x_{3}^{2}\\;}\n \n (conic) the bilinear form is\n\n \n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n y\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n \n y\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n \n y\n \n 1\n \n \n −\n 2\n \n x\n \n 3\n \n \n \n y\n \n 3\n \n \n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle f({\\vec {x}},{\\vec {y}})=x_{1}y_{2}+x_{2}y_{1}-2x_{3}y_{3}\\;.}\n \n\nIn case of \n \n \n \n char\n ⁡\n K\n ≠\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {char} K\\neq 2}\n \n the polar spaces are never \n \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {P}}}\n \n. Hence \n \n \n \n \n \n R\n \n \n =\n \n \n S\n \n \n =\n ∅\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {R}}={\\mathcal {S}}=\\emptyset }\n \n.\nIn case of \n \n \n \n char\n ⁡\n K\n =\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {char} K=2}\n \n the bilinear form is reduced to\n\n \n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n y\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n \n y\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n \n y\n \n 1\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle f({\\vec {x}},{\\vec {y}})=x_{1}y_{2}+x_{2}y_{1}\\;}\n \n and \n \n \n \n \n \n R\n \n \n =\n ⟨\n (\n 0\n ,\n 0\n ,\n 1\n \n )\n \n T\n \n \n ⟩\n ∉\n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {R}}=\\langle (0,0,1)^{\\text{T}}\\rangle \\notin {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n. Hence \n \n \n \n \n \n R\n \n \n ≠\n \n \n S\n \n \n =\n ∅\n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {R}}\\neq {\\mathcal {S}}=\\emptyset \\;.}\n \n\nIn this case the f-radical is the common point of all tangents, the so called knot.\nIn both cases \n \n \n \n S\n =\n ∅\n \n \n {\\displaystyle S=\\emptyset }\n \n and the quadric (conic) ist non-degenerate.\n(E2): For \n \n \n \n \n q\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;q({\\vec {x}})=x_{1}x_{2}\\;}\n \n (pair of lines) the bilinear form is \n \n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n y\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n \n y\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n \n y\n \n 1\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle f({\\vec {x}},{\\vec {y}})=x_{1}y_{2}+x_{2}y_{1}\\;}\n \n and \n \n \n \n \n \n R\n \n \n =\n ⟨\n (\n 0\n ,\n 0\n ,\n 1\n \n )\n \n T\n \n \n ⟩\n =\n \n \n S\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {R}}=\\langle (0,0,1)^{\\text{T}}\\rangle ={\\mathcal {S}}\\;,}\n \n the intersection point. \nIn this example the quadric is degenerate.","title":"Projective quadrics over fields"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"involutorial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involution_(mathematics)"},{"link_name":"collineation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collineation"},{"link_name":"familiar shape","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_(mathematics)"}],"sub_title":"Symmetries","text":"A quadric is a rather homogeneous object:For any point \n \n \n \n P\n ∉\n \n \n Q\n \n \n ∪\n \n \n R\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle P\\notin {\\mathcal {Q}}\\cup {\\mathcal {R}}\\;}\n \n there exists an involutorial central collineation \n \n \n \n \n σ\n \n P\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\sigma _{P}}\n \n with center \n \n \n \n P\n \n \n {\\displaystyle P}\n \n and \n \n \n \n \n σ\n \n P\n \n \n (\n \n \n Q\n \n \n )\n =\n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\sigma _{P}({\\mathcal {Q}})={\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n.Proof:\nDue to \n \n \n \n P\n ∉\n \n \n Q\n \n \n ∪\n \n \n R\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle P\\notin {\\mathcal {Q}}\\cup {\\mathcal {R}}}\n \n the polar space \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n ⊥\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle P^{\\perp }}\n \n is a hyperplane.The linear mappingφ\n :\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n →\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n −\n \n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n p\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n \n \n q\n (\n \n \n \n p\n →\n \n \n \n )\n \n \n \n \n \n \n p\n →\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\varphi :{\\vec {x}}\\rightarrow {\\vec {x}}-{\\frac {f({\\vec {p}},{\\vec {x}})}{q({\\vec {p}})}}{\\vec {p}}}induces an involutorial central collineation \n \n \n \n \n σ\n \n P\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\sigma _{P}}\n \n with axis \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n ⊥\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle P^{\\perp }}\n \n and centre \n \n \n \n P\n \n \n {\\displaystyle P}\n \n which leaves \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n invariant.\nIn the case of \n \n \n \n char\n ⁡\n K\n ≠\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {char} K\\neq 2}\n \n, the mapping \n \n \n \n φ\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\varphi }\n \n produces the familiar shape \n \n \n \n \n φ\n :\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n →\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n −\n 2\n \n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n p\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n \n p\n →\n \n \n \n ,\n \n \n \n p\n →\n \n \n \n )\n \n \n \n \n \n \n p\n →\n \n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;\\varphi :{\\vec {x}}\\rightarrow {\\vec {x}}-2{\\frac {f({\\vec {p}},{\\vec {x}})}{f({\\vec {p}},{\\vec {p}})}}{\\vec {p}}\\;}\n \n with \n \n \n \n \n φ\n (\n \n \n \n p\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n −\n \n \n \n p\n →\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;\\varphi ({\\vec {p}})=-{\\vec {p}}}\n \n and \n \n \n \n \n φ\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;\\varphi ({\\vec {x}})={\\vec {x}}\\;}\n \n for any \n \n \n \n ⟨\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n ⟩\n ∈\n \n P\n \n ⊥\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\langle {\\vec {x}}\\rangle \\in P^{\\perp }}\n \n.Remark:a) An exterior line, a tangent line or a secant line is mapped by the involution \n \n \n \n \n σ\n \n P\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\sigma _{P}}\n \n on an exterior, tangent and secant line, respectively.\nb) \n \n \n \n \n \n R\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {R}}}\n \n is pointwise fixed by \n \n \n \n \n σ\n \n P\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\sigma _{P}}\n \n.","title":"Projective quadrics over fields"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"lines on a hyperboloid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruled_surface"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"oval","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_(projective_plane)"},{"link_name":"irreducible","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible_polynomial"}],"sub_title":"q-subspaces and index of a quadric","text":"A subspace \n \n \n \n \n \n \n U\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;{\\mathcal {U}}\\;}\n \n of \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n n\n \n \n (\n K\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle P_{n}(K)}\n \n is called \n \n \n \n q\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q}\n \n-subspace if \n \n \n \n \n \n \n U\n \n \n ⊂\n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;{\\mathcal {U}}\\subset {\\mathcal {Q}}\\;}For example: points on a sphere or lines on a hyperboloid (s. below).Any two maximal \n \n \n \n q\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q}\n \n-subspaces have the same dimension \n \n \n \n m\n \n \n {\\displaystyle m}\n \n.[5]Let be \n \n \n \n m\n \n \n {\\displaystyle m}\n \n the dimension of the maximal \n \n \n \n q\n \n \n {\\displaystyle q}\n \n-subspaces of \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n thenThe integer \n \n \n \n \n i\n :=\n m\n +\n 1\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;i:=m+1\\;}\n \n is called index of \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n.Theorem: (BUEKENHOUT)[6]For the index \n \n \n \n i\n \n \n {\\displaystyle i}\n \n of a non-degenerate quadric \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n in \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n n\n \n \n (\n K\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle P_{n}(K)}\n \n the following is true:\n\n \n \n \n i\n ≤\n \n \n \n n\n +\n 1\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle i\\leq {\\frac {n+1}{2}}}\n \n.Let be \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n a non-degenerate quadric in \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n n\n \n \n (\n K\n )\n ,\n n\n ≥\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle P_{n}(K),n\\geq 2}\n \n, and \n \n \n \n i\n \n \n {\\displaystyle i}\n \n its index.In case of \n \n \n \n i\n =\n 1\n \n \n {\\displaystyle i=1}\n \n quadric \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n is called sphere (or oval conic if \n \n \n \n n\n =\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle n=2}\n \n).\nIn case of \n \n \n \n i\n =\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle i=2}\n \n quadric \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n is called hyperboloid (of one sheet).Examples:a) Quadric \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n in \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n 2\n \n \n (\n K\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle P_{2}(K)}\n \n with form \n \n \n \n \n q\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n x\n \n 3\n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;q({\\vec {x}})=x_{1}x_{2}-x_{3}^{2}\\;}\n \n is non-degenerate with index 1.\nb) If polynomial \n \n \n \n \n p\n (\n ξ\n )\n =\n \n ξ\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n a\n \n 0\n \n \n ξ\n +\n \n b\n \n 0\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;p(\\xi )=\\xi ^{2}+a_{0}\\xi +b_{0}\\;}\n \n is irreducible over \n \n \n \n K\n \n \n {\\displaystyle K}\n \n the quadratic form \n \n \n \n \n q\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n a\n \n 0\n \n \n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n b\n \n 0\n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n 2\n \n \n −\n \n x\n \n 3\n \n \n \n x\n \n 4\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;q({\\vec {x}})=x_{1}^{2}+a_{0}x_{1}x_{2}+b_{0}x_{2}^{2}-x_{3}x_{4}\\;}\n \n gives rise to a non-degenerate quadric \n \n \n \n \n \n Q\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle {\\mathcal {Q}}}\n \n in \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n 3\n \n \n (\n K\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle P_{3}(K)}\n \n of index 1 (sphere). For example: \n \n \n \n \n p\n (\n ξ\n )\n =\n \n ξ\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n 1\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;p(\\xi )=\\xi ^{2}+1\\;}\n \n is irreducible over \n \n \n \n \n R\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {R} }\n \n (but not over \n \n \n \n \n C\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {C} }\n \n !).\nc) In \n \n \n \n \n P\n \n 3\n \n \n (\n K\n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle P_{3}(K)}\n \n the quadratic form \n \n \n \n \n q\n (\n \n \n \n x\n →\n \n \n \n )\n =\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n \n x\n \n 3\n \n \n \n x\n \n 4\n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\;q({\\vec {x}})=x_{1}x_{2}+x_{3}x_{4}\\;}\n \n generates a hyperboloid.","title":"Projective quadrics over fields"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"division ring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_ring"},{"link_name":"commutative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutative_ring"},{"link_name":"equation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_equation"},{"link_name":"quadratic sets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_set"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"sub_title":"Generalization of quadrics: quadratic sets","text":"It is not reasonable to formally extend the definition of quadrics to spaces over genuine skew fields (division rings). Because one would obtain secants bearing more than 2 points of the quadric which is totally different from usual quadrics.[7][8][9] The reason is the following statement.A division ring \n \n \n \n K\n \n \n {\\displaystyle K}\n \n is commutative if and only if any equation \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n 2\n \n \n +\n a\n x\n +\n b\n =\n 0\n ,\n  \n a\n ,\n b\n ∈\n K\n \n \n {\\displaystyle x^{2}+ax+b=0,\\ a,b\\in K}\n \n, has at most two solutions.There are generalizations of quadrics: quadratic sets.[10] A quadratic set is a set of points of a projective space with the same geometric properties as a quadric: every line intersects a quadratic set in at most two points or is contained in the set.","title":"Projective quadrics over fields"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-3-540-43498-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-43498-6"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"3-528-07241-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-528-07241-5"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-3-540-61786-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-61786-0"},{"link_name":"\"Quadric\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Quadric"},{"link_name":"Encyclopedia of Mathematics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Mathematics"},{"link_name":"EMS Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Mathematical_Society"},{"link_name":"Weisstein, Eric W.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_W._Weisstein"},{"link_name":"\"Quadric\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//mathworld.wolfram.com/Quadric.html"},{"link_name":"MathWorld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MathWorld"}],"text":"M. Audin: Geometry, Springer, Berlin, 2002, ISBN 978-3-540-43498-6, p. 200.\nM. Berger: Problem Books in Mathematics, ISSN 0941-3502, Springer New York, pp 79–84.\nA. Beutelspacher, U. Rosenbaum: Projektive Geometrie, Vieweg + Teubner, Braunschweig u. a. 1992, ISBN 3-528-07241-5, p. 159.\nP. Dembowski: Finite Geometries, Springer, 1968, ISBN 978-3-540-61786-0, p. 43.\nIskovskikh, V.A. (2001) [1994], \"Quadric\", Encyclopedia of Mathematics, EMS Press\nWeisstein, Eric W. \"Quadric\". MathWorld.","title":"Bibliography"}]
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[{"title":"Klein quadric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klein_quadric"},{"title":"Rotation of axes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_of_axes"},{"title":"Superquadrics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superquadrics"},{"title":"Translation of axes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_of_axes"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Is_Your_Life_(disambiguation)
This Is Your Life
["1 Television","2 Literature","3 Music","3.1 Albums","3.2 Songs","4 See also"]
This Is Your Life may refer to: Television This Is Your Life (American franchise), an American radio and television documentary biography series hosted by Ralph Edwards This Is Your Life (Australian TV series), the Australian version of the American series This Is Your Life (British TV series), the British version of the American series This Is Your Life (New Zealand TV series), the New Zealand version of the American series Literature This Is Your Life, a 2002 novel by John O'Farrell Music Albums This Is Your Life (Norman Connors album) or the title song, 1977 This Is Your Life (Out of Eden album) or the title song, 2002 Ronnie James Dio – This Is Your Life, 2014 This Is Your Life, by the Adicts, or the title song, 1984 This Is Your Life, by Augustines, 2016 This Is Your Life, an EP by Glaxo Babies, or the title song, 1979 Songs "This Is Your Life" (song), by Switchfoot, 2003 "This Is Your Life", by the 5th Dimension from Portrait, 1970 "This Is Your Life", by Banderas, 1991 "This Is Your Life", by the Bee Gees from E.S.P., 1987 "This Is Your Life", by the Blow Monkeys from Whoops! There Goes the Neighbourhood, 1989 "This Is Your Life", by Carcass from The Heartwork, 1993 "This Is Your Life", by Dio from Angry Machines, 1996 "This Is Your Life", by the Dust Brothers, from the film Fight Club, 1999 "This Is Your Life", by En Vogue from Funky Divas, 1992 "This Is Your Life", by the Killers from Day & Age, 2008 "This Is Your Life", by Propagandhi from Supporting Caste, 2009 "This Is Your Life", by Robin Schulz from Sugar, 2015 See also This Is My Life (disambiguation) This Is the Life (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title This Is Your Life.If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Warfighting_Analysis_Center
Space Warfighting Analysis Center
["1 Force designs","2 List of directors","3 References","4 See also"]
US Space Force analysis unit Space Warfighting Analysis CenterCenter emblemFounded5 April 2021; 3 years ago (2021-04-05)Country United StatesBranch United States Space ForceTypeDirect reporting unitHeadquartersWashington, D.C.CommandersDirectorAndrew D. CoxDeputy DirectorRussell E. PartchInsigniaCenter patchMilitary unit The Space Warfighting Analysis Center (SWAC) is a direct reporting unit in the United States Space Force responsible for conducting analysis, modeling, wargaming, and experimentation to create operational concepts and force design guidance for the service. It is the Space Force's counterpart to the Air Force Warfighting Integration Capability and United States Army Futures Command. It is headquartered at Washington, D.C. The establishment of SWAC was ordered by Chief of Space Operations John W. Raymond. Originally planned as Space Warfighting Integration Center, Vice Chief of Space Operations David D. Thompson was tasked to focus with its establishment upon taking office. Raymond approved the organizational design of SWAC on 8 March 2021. It was activated on 5 April 2021. SWAC was criticized by the House Committee on Appropriations in a report as being duplicative of the Space Security and Defense Program (SSDP), refusing the $37 million budget request for the organization. It is expected to complete its first architecture study, which focuses on missile warning, missile tracking, and missile defense architecture. Force designs Missile Warning and Tracking Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) Space Data Transport Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Tactical ISR Space Domain Awareness (SDA) List of directors No. Director Term Portrait Name Took office Left office Term length 1 Cox, Andrew D.Andrew D. Cox5 April 2021Incumbent3 years, 71 days References Wikimedia Commons has media related to Space Warfighting Analysis Center. ^ a b "First-ever Vice CSO joins U.S. Space Force". United States Space Force. 4 October 2020. ^ "BRIGADIER GENERAL CHRISTOPHER S. POVAK". www.af.mil. ^ https://media.defense.gov/2020/Nov/09/2002531998/-1/-1/0/CSO%20PLANNING%20GUIDANCE.PDF ^ "Space Force approves design for Space Warfighting Analysis Center | InsideDefense.com". insidedefense.com. ^ "Space Operations Command (USSF)". ^ Macaulay, Catherine (13 July 2021). "HAC Excoriates DoD Failure To Reform Space Acquisition". ^ Hitchens, Theresa (28 July 2021). "Space Force Vice Argues Value Of Embattled Analysis Center". ^ a b "Exclusive: Space Warfighting Analysis Center chief on creating 'something out of nothing'". 19 January 2022. ^ "U.S. Space Force Wants to Avoid GMTI Duplication with Intelligence Community Programs". 5 April 2022. ^ "US Space Force Completes Analysis of Future GMTI Alternatives, Including Space-Based GMTI". 23 September 2022. ^ a b "Schriever Spacepower Series: Gen David D. Thompson". YouTube. ^ https://insidedefense.com/daily-news/swac-eyeing-future-force-design-work-tactical-isr-fire-control-space-data-transport ^ "Space Force discussions with private sector on future space architecture to remain classified". SpaceNews. 22 September 2021. See also United States Army Futures Command United States Space Force vteUnited States Space ForceLeadership Department of the Air Force Secretary of the Air Force Under Secretary of the Air Force Space Staff Chief of Space Operations Vice Chief of Space Operations Chief Master Sergeant of the Space Force Director of Staff Deputy Chiefs of Space Operations General Officers Generals Lieutenant Generals Oversight House Armed Services Committee Strategic Forces subcommittee Senate Committee on Armed Services Strategic Forces subcommittee StructureField commands Space Futures Command Space Operations Command Commander Space Systems Command Commander Space Training and Readiness Command Commander Component Field Commands United States Space Forces Central United States Space Forces Europe and Africa United States Space Forces Indo-Pacific United States Space Forces Korea United States Space Forces – Space Deltas Space Delta 1 Space Delta 2 Space Delta 3 Space Delta 4 Space Delta 5 Space Delta 6 Space Delta 7 Space Delta 8 Space Delta 9 Space Delta 10 Space Delta 11 Space Delta 12 Space Delta 13 Space Delta 15 Space Delta 18 Space Delta 21 Space Delta 23 Space Delta 26 Space Launch Delta 30 Space Launch Delta 45 PNT IMD (P) Space Base Delta 1 Space Base Delta 2 Space Base Delta 3 Squadrons 1st Delta Operations 319th Combat Training 328th Weapons 392d Combat Training 533rd Training 21st Operations Support 15th Space Surveillance 18th Space Defense 19th Space Defense 20th Space Surveillance 3rd Combat Training 4th EW 5th EW 16th EW 23rd EW 2nd Space Warning 3rd satellite Communications 5th Space Warning 6th Space Warning 7th Space Warning 10th Space Warning 11th Space Warning 12th Space Warning 13th Space Warning 55th Combat Training 21st Space Operations 22nd Space Operations 23rd Space Operations 62nd Cyberspace 63rd Cyberspace 64th Cyberspace 65th Cyberspace 68th Cyberspace 69th Cyberspace 645th Cyberspace 71st ISR 72nd ISR 73rd ISR 74th ISR 75th ISR 76th ISR 1st Space Operations 2nd Space Operations 3rd Space Operations 4th Space Operations 10th Space Operations 53rd Space Operations 527th Space Aggressor 1st Test and Evaluation 3rd Test and Evaluation 17th Test and Evaluation 25th Space Range 2nd Space Launch 5th Space Launch 1st Range Operations NSSI Direct reporting units Space Development Agency Space Rapid Capabilities Office Space Warfighting Analysis Center LocationsSpace Force Bases Buckley Los Angeles Patrick Peterson Schriever Vandenberg Space Bases Pituffik (Greenland) Space Force Stations Cape Canaveral Cape Cod Cavalier Cheyenne Mountain Clear Kaena Point New Boston Personneland training Astronauts Awards and decorations Badges Ranks Training Academy Reserve Officer Training Corps Officer Training School Basic Military Training Uniforms History andtraditions Delta Flag History Seal "Semper Supra" Air & Space Forces Association Space Force Association Former wings and deltas 21st Space Wing 50th Space Wing 460th Space Wing Space Training and Readiness Delta (Provisional) This United States Space Force article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This article about a specific American military unit is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Burials_at_Oise-Aisne_American_Cemetery_Plot_E
Oise-Aisne American Cemetery Plot E
["1 Burials at Plot E","1.1 Former burials","2 See also","3 Notes","4 References","5 External links"]
Coordinates: 49°12′01″N 3°33′02″E / 49.20028°N 3.55056°E / 49.20028; 3.55056Section of American military cemetery in France 49°12′01″N 3°33′02″E / 49.20028°N 3.55056°E / 49.20028; 3.55056 Location of Plot E highlighted in red. The official ABMC guide pamphlet (from which this map is derived) does not show Plot E The Oise-Aisne American Cemetery Plot E is the fifth plot at the Oise-Aisne American Cemetery and Memorial, an American military cemetery in northern France that comprises four main burial plots (i.e., A, B, C and D) containing the remains of 6,012 service personnel, all of whom died during World War I. Plot E is approximately 100 meters away from the main cemetery and is a separate, hidden section which currently contains the remains of 94 American military prisoners, all of whom were executed by hanging or firing squad under military authority for crimes committed during or shortly after World War II. Their victims were 26 fellow American soldiers (all murdered) and 71 British, French, German, Italian, Polish and Algerian civilians (both male and female) who were raped or murdered. In total, the US Army executed 98 servicemen following general courts martial for murder or rape in the European Theatre of Operations during the Second World War. The remains of these servicemen were originally buried near the site of their executions, which took place in countries as far apart as England, France, Belgium, Germany, Italy and Algeria. In 1949, the remains of these men were re-interred in Plot E, a private section specifically built to hold what the Graves Registration referred to as "the dishonored dead"; per standard practice, all had been dishonorably discharged from the US Army the day before their executions. Access is difficult and visitors are not encouraged, though the section is maintained by cemetery caretakers who periodically mow the lawn area and trim the hedges. One cemetery employee described Plot E as a "house of shame" and a "perfect anti-memorial". View across Plot E No US flag is permitted to fly over the section, and the numbered graves lie with their backs turned to the main cemetery on the other side of the road. The only individual buried in Plot E who had not been convicted of rape or murder was Eddie Slovik (formerly Row 3, Grave 65), who was executed for desertion on 31 January 1945. His wife, Antoinette Slovik, petitioned the Army for her husband's remains and his pension until her death in 1979. Slovik's case was taken up in 1981 by a former Macomb County, Michigan commissioner, Bernard V. Calka, a Polish-American World War II veteran, who continued to press the Army for the return of Slovik's remains. In 1987, he persuaded President Ronald Reagan to grant the petition request. In response, Calka raised $5,000 to pay for the exhumation and reinterment at Detroit's Woodmere Cemetery, where Slovik was reburied next to his wife. African American murder victim Emmett Till's father, Louis Till, is among the interred convicts. Burials at Plot E All individuals currently interred in Plot E were found guilty at general court martial of the capital crimes of rape, murder or both. After being held from the public from the time of the creation of Plot E, the names and grave locations of the men buried there became available in 2009 following a Freedom of Information Act request. Prior to that release, the public could not determine who was buried in a particular grave, as the graves are only marked with numbers. The following table provides names, serial numbers, locations, and associated grave numbers of deceased interred in Plot E of the Oise-Aisne American Cemetery. Name of Person Serial Number Row Grave Number Details of Capital Offense & Notes Race Agee, Amos 34163762 1 14 Hanged in the European Theater on 3 March 1945 with convicts John C. Smith and Frank Watson for rape Black Anderson, Roy W. 35407199 2 29 Hanged in the European Theater on 25 October 1944 Bailey, Milbert 34151488 4 90 Hanged in the European Theater on 19 April 1945 Black Baldwin, Walter J. 34020111 2 43 Hanged in the European Theater on 17 January 1945 Black Bennerman, Sidney, Jr 34174757 3 57 Executed by firing squad in the European Theater on 15 October 1945 Black Brinson, Eliga 34052175 4 93 Hanged at Shepton Mallet on 11 August 1944 Black Burns, Lee A. 38520648 4 74 Hanged in Aversa, Italy, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 11 March 1945 Black Clark, Ernest L. 33212946 3 68 Along with co-convicted Augustine M. Guerra, raped and strangled 15-year-old Elizabeth Green at Ashford on 22 August 1944 White Clay Jr, Matthew 38490561 1 3 Hanged in the European Theater on 4 June 1945 Cooper, John D. 34562464 4 81 Hanged in the European Theater on 9 January 1945 Crews, Otis B. 14057830 2 30 Hanged in the Mediterranean Theater on 21 February 1945 Black Davis, Arthur E. 36788637 4 82 Hanged in the European Theater on 22 November 1944 Davis, Lee A. 18023362 3 61 Convicted of raping Muriel Fawden after fatally shooting her friend, 19-year-old Cynthia June Lay, near Savernake Hospital, Marlborough, Wiltshire on 28 September 1943 Black Davis, William E. 33541888 1 19 Hanged in the European Theater on 27 December 1944 Black Davison, Tommie 34485174 3 60 Hanged in the European Theater on 29 March 1945 Black Donnelly, Robert L. 13131982 4 95 Hanged in the Mediterranean Theatre on 31 May 1944 White Downes, William C. 33519814 1 16 Hanged in the European Theater on 28 February 1945 Black Ervin, Charlie, Jr 34042926 3 54 Executed by firing squad in Italy, Mediterranean Theatre on 19 October 1945 Black Farrell, Arthur J. 32559163 1 21 Hanged in the European Theater on 19 January 1945 White Gordon, Tom 34091950 1 10 Hanged in the European Theater on 10 July 1945 Black Grant, General L. 34557976 3 59 Hanged in Italy, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 11 March 1945 Green, George, Jr 38476751 2 36 Hanged in the European Theater on 15 May 1945 Guerra, Augustine M. 38458023 2 44 Along with Ernest L. Clarke, convicted of the rape and murder of 15-year-old Elizabeth Green at Ashford on 22 August 1944 White Hall, Willie 33268841 4 83 Black Harris, Wiley, Jr 6924547 4 92 Hanged at Shepton Mallet on 26 May 1944 Black Harrison, William, Jr 15089828 3 62 Raped and strangled 7-year-old Patricia Wylie in Northern Ireland on 25 September 1944. White Heard, Haze 34562354 2 38 Hanged in the European Theater on 21 May 1945 Black Hendricks, James E. 33453189 1 13 Hanged near Plumaudan on 24 November 1944 for the murder of Victor Bignon and the attempted rape of his wife Noémie Black Holden, Mervin 38226564 1 8 Hanged in Namur, Belgium on 30 January 1945 Black Hopper, Benjamin F. 32720571 1 7 Hanged in the European Theater on 29 March 1945 Jefferies, Charles H. 33181343 4 78 Hanged in Italy, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 5 July 1945 Black Johnson, Willie 38270465 2 28 Hanged in the European Theater on 26 June 1945 Black Jones, Cubia (a.k.a. Parson) 34563790 1 15 Raped and murdered Joyce Brown, who was pregnant, on 3 December 1944 Black Jones, James L. 34221343 4 84 Hanged in the European Theater on 19 April 1945 Black Jones, John T. 38315973 2 48 Hanged in Italy, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 5 July 1945 Black Jones, Kinney 34120505 2 42 Hanged in Italy, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 20 March 1945 Black Jordan, Charlie H. 14066430 2 40 Hanged in the European Theater on 22 November 1944 Black Kendrick, James E. 14026995 1 5 Hanged in Oran, Algeria, North African Theater on 17 July 1943 White Kluxdal, Paul M. 36395076 2 35 Hanged in the European Theater on 31 October 1944 White Leatherberry, John C. 34472451 4 86 Hanged at Shepton Mallet on 16 March 1944 Black Lucas, William N. 36639075 4 96 Mack, John H. 34042053 1 4 Hanged in Italy, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 20 March 1945 Black Mack, William 32620461 3 63 Mahoney, Joseph J. 12008332 1 11 White Mariano, Blake W. 38011593 1 12 29-year-old gunner with the 191st Tank Battalion, hanged at Loire Disciplinary Training Center in Le Mans, France on 10 October 1945 for raping two women, aged 21 and 54, and murdering their 41-year-old companion in Lauf, Germany on 15 April 1945 Native American Martinez, Aniceto 38168482 2 39 Convicted of raping and murdering 75-year-old Agnes Cope on 6 August 1944 White Maxey, Curtis L. 34554198 3 71 Hanged in St. Tropez, France, Mediterranean Theatre on 16 November 1944 Black McCarter, William J. 34675988 4 91 Hanged in the European Theater on 28 May 1945 Black McGhee Sr, Shelton 34529025 1 6 Hanged in the Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 4 May 1945 Black McMurray, Fred A. 38184335 1 2 Convicted along with Louis Till for the murder of an Italian woman and the rape of two others, in Civitavecchia. Executed by hanging at United States Army Disciplinary Training Center north of Pisa on 2 July 1945 Black Nelson, Henry W. 35726029 1 1 Hanged in Italy, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 5 July 1945 Black Newman, Oscar N. 35226382 1 80 Hanged in the European Theater on 29 November 1944 White Norris, Clete O. 37082314 4 79 Hanged in the European Theater on 31 May 1945 Ortiz, Victor 30405077 4 87 Hanged in the European Theater on 21 June 1945 Hispanic Parker, Woodrow 34561139 3 56 Executed by firing squad in the European Theater on 15 October 1945 Black Pearson, Robert L. 38326741 1 22 Convicted along with Parson Jones for the rape and murder of Joyce Brown, who was pregnant, on 3 December 1944 Black Pennyfeather, William D. 32801627 3 66 Hanged in the European Theater on 18 November 1944 Black Philpot, Henry C. 39080069 4 89 Hanged in the European Theater on 10 September 1945 White Pittman, Willie A. 34400976 3 50 Hanged in Sicily, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 30 August 1943 Black Pygate, Benjamin 33741021 4 85 Black Robinson, Charles M. 38164425 3 70 Hanged in the European Theater on 28 September 1945 Black Rollins, Alvin R. 34716953 3 51 Hanged in the European Theater on 31 May 1945 Black Sanders, James B. 34124233 3 58 Hanged in the European Theater on 25 October 1944 Black Schmiedel, Werner E. (a.k.a. Robert Lane) 7041115 3 53 Hanged in the Mediterranean Theater on 11 June 1945 Scott, Richard B. 38040012 2 45 Hanged in the European Theater on 18 November 1944 Black Skinner, Robert L. 35802328 3 64 Hanged with Yancy Waiters in the village of Hameau au Pigeon in Quettetot on the Cherbourg peninsula after being convicted of murder and rape. Among spectators at their execution were twenty French witnesses, including nineteen-year-old Marie Osouf, the girl who was raped, and the family of Auguste Lebarillier (Marie's boyfriend), who was murdered Black Smalls, Abraham 34512812 1 23 Hanged in Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 27 March 1945 Black Smith, Charles H. 36337437 4 77 Hanged in Algiers, North African Theater of Operations on 6 September 1943 White Smith, George E., Jr 33288266 3 52 Convicted for the murder of British diplomat Sir Eric Teichman by court-martial at RAF Attlebridge on 3 December 1944. He was executed by hanging on the gallows at HMP Shepton Mallet on 8 May 1945 (i.e. VE day), despite appeals for clemency, including from Lady Ellen Teichman White Smith, John C. 33214953 3 67 Hanged in the European Theater on 3 March 1945 with Amos Agee and Frank Watson for rape Black Smith, Willie 3456556 3 69 Spears, Charles E. 32337619 1 18 Hanged in Oran, Algeria, North African Theater of Operations on 18 April 1944 Black Spencer, Elwood, J. 33739343 2 33 Hanged in Lemur, Belgium on 30 January 1945 Black Spinks, Mansfield 36793241 3 49 Executed by firing squad in Italy, Mediterranean Theatre on 19 October 1945 Stroud, Harvey 33215131 2 26 Hanged in Sicily, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 30 August 1943 Black Taylor, John W. 37485128 1 24 Hanged in Italy, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 20 March 1945 Thomas, Madison 38265363 4 76 Convicted by a court martial in Plymouth of raping Beatrice Maud Reynolds in a field at Albaston (near Gunnislake, Cornwall) on 26 July 1944 and hanged at HMP Shepton Mallet on 12 October 1944 Black Till, Louis 36392273 4 73 Convicted with Fred A. McMurray for the murder of an Italian woman and the rape of two others in Civitavecchia. Executed by hanging at United States Army Disciplinary Training Center north of Pisa on July 2, 1945 Black Twiggs, James W. 38265086 4 88 Hanged in the European Theater on 22 January 1945 Black Valentine, Leo 32954278 2 41 Hanged in the European Theater on 29 November 1944 Black Waiters, Yancy 37499079 2 31 Hanged with Robert L. Skinner on 10 February 1945 for the murder of Auguste Lebarillier and rape of Marie Osouf Waters, John H. 32337934 2 46 White Watson, Frank, Jr 34793522 3 55 Hanged in the European Theater on 3 March 1945 with Amos Amos and John C. Smith for rape Black Watson, Ray 33139251 2 25 Hanged in Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 29 August 1944 Black Watson, Joseph 39610125 1 17 Hanged in the European Theater on 9 November 1944 Black White, Armstead 34401104 2 47 Hanged in Sicily, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 30 August 1943 Black White, David 34400884 3 72 Hanged in Sicily, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II on 30 August 1943 Black Whitfield, Clarence 34672443 2 37 Hanged in Normandy, France, European Theater on 14 August 1944 Black Williams, Ellsworth 34200976 2 32 Hanged in Germany, European Theater on 5 January 1946 Black Williams, John 32794118 4 94 Hanged in the European Theater on 19 April 1945 Black Williams, Olin W. 34649494 1 20 Hanged in the European Theater on 9 March 1945 Black Wilson, J. P. 32484756 1 9 Hanged in the European Theater on 2 February 1945 Wimberly, Willie J. 36392154 2 34 Hanged in the European Theater on 9 November 1944 Black Wray, Robert 34461589 4 75 Hanged in the European Theater on 20 August 1945 Black Note: additional background information (e.g. place of enlistment and year of birth etc.) regarding the condemned men can be found by entering the relevant service number into Online World War II Indexes & Records. Former burials Name of Person Serial Number Row Grave Number Moved Race Slovik, Eddie 36896415 3 65 In 1987, his remains were returned to the United States. White Miranda, Alex F. 39297382 2 27 In 1990, his remains were returned to the United States. White See also Capital punishment by the United States military Fort Leavenworth Military Prison Cemetery – American cemetery which holds the remains of German WWII POWs Shepton Mallet (HM Prison) – provides details of the 18 American servicemen executed there who were later moved to Plot E Notes ^ a b As recorded in the Army enlistment records, unless otherwise noted. Terminology was updated: "Black" for "Negro", "Native American" for "American Indian" and "Hispanic" for "Puerto Rican". ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Record missing from Enlistment Records. ^ Race not specified in record. References ^ American Battle Monuments Commission: Oise-Aisne American Cemetery Official Website As of June 22, 2009 ^ Venditta, David. "Lehigh County soldier was hanged for murder in World War II". Retrieved 1 March 2017. ^ Kaplan, Alice. The Interpreter. Free Press: New York, 2005. pp. 172–173. ^ Huie, William Bradford.The Execution of Private Slovik. Westholme: Yardley, 1954. pp. 4–7. ^ a b "Body of executed soldier interred next to his wife". Associated Press. July 12, 1987. Retrieved April 21, 2011. ^ Jewish Virtual Library ^ The Telegraph ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34163762. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34151488. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34020111. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34174757. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34052175. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 38520648. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 33212946. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 14057830. ^ "Shepton Mallet prison history". Capitalpunishmentuk.org. Retrieved 2015-04-24. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 14057830. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 33541888. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 33541888. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 13131982. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 33519814. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34042926. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 32559163. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34091950. ^ Clark, Richard. "Shepton Mallet prison in Somerset". Capital Punishment U.K. Retrieved 2023-04-30. 24 year old Ernest Lee Clark from Clifton Forge, Virginia and Augustine M. Guerra aged 20 from Cibolo, Texas (both white) ... ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 33268841. ^ Clark, Richard. "Shepton Mallet prison in Somerset". Capital Punishment U.K. Retrieved 2023-04-30. 25 year old Pte. Wiley Harris Jr. from Greenville, Georgia, was another black soldier ... ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 15089828. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34562354. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 33453189. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 38226564. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 33181343. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 38270465. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34563790. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34221343. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 38315973. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34120505. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 14066430. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 14066430. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 36395076. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34472451. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34042053. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 12008332. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 38011593. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 38168482. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34554198. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34675988. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34529025. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 38184335. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 35726029. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 35226382. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 30405077. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34561139. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 38326741. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 32801627. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 39080069. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34400976. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 33741021. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 38164425. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34716953. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34124233. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 38040012. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 35802328. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34512812. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 36337437. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 33288266. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 33214953. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 32337619. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 33739343. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 33215131. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 38265363. ^ Houck, Davis W.; Grindy, Matthew (2008). Emmett Till and the Mississippi press. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-1-934110-15-7. ^ Whitfield, Stephen J. (1991). A death in the Delta : the story of Emmett Till. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-8018-4326-6. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 36392273. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 38265086. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 32954278. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 32337934. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34793522. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 33139251. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 39610125. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34401104. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34400884. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34672443. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34200976. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 32794118. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34649494. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 32484756. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 36392154. ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 34461589. ^ Joe Beine. "Online World War II Indexes and Records – WWII". Militaryindexes.com. Retrieved 2015-04-24. ^ Huie, William Bradford. The Execution of Private Slovik. Westholme Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1-59416-003-1 ^ Somerset Live ^ Midweek Herald ^ Enlistment Records, army serial number 39297382. "Electronic Army Serial Number Merged File, ca. 1938-1946 (Enlistment Records)". The National Archives. National Archives and Records Administration. External links Wikimapia aerial view showing the boundaries of Plot E highlighted in red Oise-Aisne American Cemetery and Memorial at Find a Grave An aerial view of Plot E showing its location relative to the main cemetery Assorted photos of Plot E dating from 2020
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"49°12′01″N 3°33′02″E / 49.20028°N 3.55056°E / 49.20028; 3.55056","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Oise-Aisne_American_Cemetery_Plot_E&params=49_12_01_N_3_33_02_E_type:landmark_scale:500_region:FR"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Location_of_Plot_E_in_Oise-Aisne_War_Cemetery.jpg"},{"link_name":"ABMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Battle_Monuments_Commission"},{"link_name":"Oise-Aisne American Cemetery and Memorial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oise-Aisne_American_Cemetery_and_Memorial"},{"link_name":"World War I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-oasource-1"},{"link_name":"executed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_penalty"},{"link_name":"hanging","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging"},{"link_name":"firing squad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firing_squad"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"British","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK"},{"link_name":"French","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"German","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"},{"link_name":"Italian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Polish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"Algerian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria"},{"link_name":"US Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Army"},{"link_name":"Second World War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_War"},{"link_name":"dishonorably discharged","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_discharge#Dishonorable_discharge_(DD)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-interpreter-3"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plot_%22E%22,_Oise-Aisne_American_Cemetery.jpg"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-slovik-4"},{"link_name":"Eddie Slovik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Slovik"},{"link_name":"Macomb County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macomb_County"},{"link_name":"Ronald Reagan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-body-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Woodmere Cemetery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodmere_Cemetery"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-body-5"},{"link_name":"Emmett Till","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmett_Till"},{"link_name":"Louis Till","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Till"}],"text":"Section of American military cemetery in France49°12′01″N 3°33′02″E / 49.20028°N 3.55056°E / 49.20028; 3.55056Location of Plot E highlighted in red. The official ABMC guide pamphlet (from which this map is derived) does not show Plot EThe Oise-Aisne American Cemetery Plot E is the fifth plot at the Oise-Aisne American Cemetery and Memorial, an American military cemetery in northern France that comprises four main burial plots (i.e., A, B, C and D) containing the remains of 6,012 service personnel, all of whom died during World War I.[1]Plot E is approximately 100 meters away from the main cemetery and is a separate, hidden section which currently contains the remains of 94 American military prisoners, all of whom were executed by hanging or firing squad under military authority for crimes committed during or shortly after World War II. Their victims were 26 fellow American soldiers (all murdered) and 71 British, French, German, Italian,[2] Polish and Algerian civilians (both male and female) who were raped or murdered.In total, the US Army executed 98 servicemen following general courts martial for murder or rape in the European Theatre of Operations during the Second World War. The remains of these servicemen were originally buried near the site of their executions, which took place in countries as far apart as England, France, Belgium, Germany, Italy and Algeria. In 1949, the remains of these men were re-interred in Plot E, a private section specifically built to hold what the Graves Registration referred to as \"the dishonored dead\"; per standard practice, all had been dishonorably discharged from the US Army the day before their executions. Access is difficult and visitors are not encouraged, though the section is maintained by cemetery caretakers who periodically mow the lawn area and trim the hedges. One cemetery employee described Plot E as a \"house of shame\" and a \"perfect anti-memorial\".[3]View across Plot ENo US flag is permitted to fly over the section, and the numbered graves lie with their backs turned to the main cemetery on the other side of the road.[4]The only individual buried in Plot E who had not been convicted of rape or murder was Eddie Slovik (formerly Row 3, Grave 65), who was executed for desertion on 31 January 1945. His wife, Antoinette Slovik, petitioned the Army for her husband's remains and his pension until her death in 1979. Slovik's case was taken up in 1981 by a former Macomb County, Michigan commissioner, Bernard V. Calka, a Polish-American World War II veteran, who continued to press the Army for the return of Slovik's remains. In 1987, he persuaded President Ronald Reagan to grant the petition request.[5][6][7] In response, Calka raised $5,000 to pay for the exhumation and reinterment at Detroit's Woodmere Cemetery, where Slovik was reburied next to his wife.[5]African American murder victim Emmett Till's father, Louis Till, is among the interred convicts.","title":"Oise-Aisne American Cemetery Plot E"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"general court martial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_court_martial"},{"link_name":"capital crimes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_crime"},{"link_name":"Freedom of Information Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"[90]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-93"}],"text":"All individuals currently interred in Plot E were found guilty at general court martial of the capital crimes of rape, murder or both.After being held from the public from the time of the creation of Plot E, the names and grave locations of the men buried there became available in 2009 following a Freedom of Information Act request. Prior to that release, the public could not determine who was buried in a particular grave, as the graves are only marked with numbers.The following table provides names, serial numbers, locations, and associated grave numbers of deceased interred in Plot E of the Oise-Aisne American Cemetery.Note: additional background information (e.g. place of enlistment and year of birth etc.) regarding the condemned men can be found by entering the relevant service number into Online World War II Indexes & Records.[90]","title":"Burials at Plot E"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Former burials","title":"Burials at Plot E"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-RaceField_8-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-RaceField_8-1"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-2"},{"link_name":"d","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-3"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-4"},{"link_name":"f","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-5"},{"link_name":"g","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-6"},{"link_name":"h","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-7"},{"link_name":"i","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-8"},{"link_name":"j","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-9"},{"link_name":"k","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-10"},{"link_name":"l","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-11"},{"link_name":"m","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-12"},{"link_name":"n","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-13"},{"link_name":"o","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-14"},{"link_name":"p","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRecord_10-15"},{"link_name":"Enlistment Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#EnlistmentRecords"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-NoRace_89-0"}],"text":"^ a b As recorded in the Army enlistment records, unless otherwise noted. Terminology was updated: \"Black\" for \"Negro\", \"Native American\" for \"American Indian\" and \"Hispanic\" for \"Puerto Rican\".\n\n^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Record missing from Enlistment Records.\n\n^ Race not specified in record.","title":"Notes"}]
[{"image_text":"Location of Plot E highlighted in red. The official ABMC guide pamphlet (from which this map is derived) does not show Plot E","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Location_of_Plot_E_in_Oise-Aisne_War_Cemetery.jpg/220px-Location_of_Plot_E_in_Oise-Aisne_War_Cemetery.jpg"},{"image_text":"View across Plot E","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Plot_%22E%22%2C_Oise-Aisne_American_Cemetery.jpg/220px-Plot_%22E%22%2C_Oise-Aisne_American_Cemetery.jpg"}]
[{"title":"Capital punishment by the United States military","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_by_the_United_States_military"},{"title":"Fort Leavenworth Military Prison Cemetery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth_Military_Prison_Cemetery"},{"title":"Shepton Mallet (HM Prison)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepton_Mallet_(HM_Prison)"}]
[{"reference":"Venditta, David. \"Lehigh County soldier was hanged for murder in World War II\". Retrieved 1 March 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mcall.com/news/local/mc-schmiedel-war-deserter-gangster-20150711-story.html","url_text":"\"Lehigh County soldier was hanged for murder in World War II\""}]},{"reference":"\"Body of executed soldier interred next to his wife\". Associated Press. July 12, 1987. Retrieved April 21, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GkgVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=f-EDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5161,2687679&dq=calka+slovik+president","url_text":"\"Body of executed soldier interred next to his wife\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press","url_text":"Associated Press"}]},{"reference":"\"Shepton Mallet prison history\". Capitalpunishmentuk.org. Retrieved 2015-04-24.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/sheptonm.html","url_text":"\"Shepton Mallet prison history\""}]},{"reference":"Clark, Richard. \"Shepton Mallet prison in Somerset\". Capital Punishment U.K. Retrieved 2023-04-30. 24 year old Ernest Lee Clark from Clifton Forge, Virginia and Augustine M. Guerra aged 20 from Cibolo, Texas (both white) ...","urls":[{"url":"https://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/sheptonm.html","url_text":"\"Shepton Mallet prison in Somerset\""}]},{"reference":"Clark, Richard. \"Shepton Mallet prison in Somerset\". Capital Punishment U.K. Retrieved 2023-04-30. 25 year old Pte. Wiley Harris Jr. from Greenville, Georgia, was another black soldier ...","urls":[{"url":"https://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/sheptonm.html","url_text":"\"Shepton Mallet prison in Somerset\""}]},{"reference":"Houck, Davis W.; Grindy, Matthew (2008). Emmett Till and the Mississippi press. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-1-934110-15-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934110-15-7","url_text":"978-1-934110-15-7"}]},{"reference":"Whitfield, Stephen J. (1991). A death in the Delta : the story of Emmett Till. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-8018-4326-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-4326-6","url_text":"978-0-8018-4326-6"}]},{"reference":"Joe Beine. \"Online World War II Indexes and Records – WWII\". Militaryindexes.com. Retrieved 2015-04-24.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.militaryindexes.com/worldwartwo","url_text":"\"Online World War II Indexes and Records – WWII\""}]},{"reference":"\"Electronic Army Serial Number Merged File, ca. 1938-1946 (Enlistment Records)\". The National Archives. National Archives and Records Administration.","urls":[{"url":"https://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=893&cat=WR26&tf=F&bc=,sl","url_text":"\"Electronic Army Serial Number Merged File, ca. 1938-1946 (Enlistment Records)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration","url_text":"National Archives and Records Administration"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_W._E._Samuel
Wolfgang W.E. Samuel
["1 Early years","2 Military career","3 Author","4 Works","5 Notes","6 References"]
American writer This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: "Wolfgang W.E. Samuel" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Wolfgang W.E. SamuelWolfgang Samuel and son Charles at Forbes AFB, Kansas, in 1964Nickname(s)WolfBorn (1935-02-02) February 2, 1935 (age 89)Strasburg, GermanyAllegiance United States of AmericaService/branch United States Air ForceYears of service1960–1985Rank ColonelBattles/warsVietnam War Cold WarAwardsDistinguished Flying Cross Air MedalOther workAuthor Wolfgang W.E. Samuel (born February 2, 1935) is a German-born American writer and a veteran of the United States Air Force. Early years Born in what is now Poland, ten-year-old Samuel, along with his mother and sister, ran from his home town of Sagan (now Żagań in Poland) in 1945 as the Red Army approached. As a Flüchtling (refugee), he underwent privation and re-settlement in the post-war years. His mother was raped repeatedly, and his grandfather was killed by German communists. He describes how he and his mother eventually settled near a U.S. airbase in western Germany, where his mother met and married an American serviceman. Military career After the family emigrated to the United States, Samuel attended the University of Colorado at Boulder, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Business in 1960, and subsequently the National War College. He served in the United States Air Force for 30 years, retiring with the rank of colonel in 1985. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Air Medal multiple times during his years of active duty. As of 2008, he resided in Fairfax Station, Virginia. Author Wolfgang Samuel at the Army Navy Country Club in 2009 As of 2015, Samuel has published eight books. The first, German Boy: A Child in War, is a memoir detailing the war years and his post-war life as a refugee, and features a foreword by historian Stephen Ambrose. His second book, I Always Wanted to Fly: America's Cold War Airmen, is a compilation of oral histories of American aviators of the Cold War era. The War of Our Childhood: Memories of World War II, another oral history compilation, tells of twenty-seven Germans who experienced the war as children. American Raiders: The Race to Capture the Luftwaffe's Secrets, is an account of the efforts made by the United States military to acquire German military technology. Glory Days: The Untold Story of the Men Who Flew the B-66 Destroyer into the Face of Fear recounts some of the adventures of the often unsung crews of the B-66, RB-66 and EB-66 aircraft. Watson's Whizzer's: Operation Lusty and the Race for Nazi Aviation Technology documents the United States' efforts to obtain German aeronautical breakthroughs at the end of World War II. His most recent work is In Defense of Freedom that describes the sacrifices of America's World War II Army Air Force flyers and their contributions to the Allied victory. Works German Boy: A Refugee's Story. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2000. ISBN 1-57806-482-1 I Always Wanted to Fly: America's Cold War Airmen. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2001. ISBN 1-57806-399-X The War Of Our Childhood: Memories of World War Two. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2002. ISBN 1-57806-482-1 American Raiders: The Race to Capture the Luftwaffe's Secrets. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2004. ISBN 1-57806-649-2 Coming to Colorado: A Young Immigrant's Journey to Become an American Flyer. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2006 ISBN 978-1-57806-902-6 Glory Days: The Untold Story of the Men Who Flew the B-66 Destroyer into the Face of Fear. Schiffer Publishing, Ltd., 2008. ISBN 0-7643-3086-1, ISBN 978-0-7643-3086-5 Watson's Whizzer's: Operation Lusty and the Race for Nazi Aviation Technology. Schiffer Publishing, Ltd., 2010. ISBN 0-7643-3517-0, ISBN 978-0-7643-3517-4 In Defense of Freedom: Stories of Courage and Sacrifice of World War II Army Air Forces Flyers. University Press of Mississippi, 2015. ISBN 1628462175, ISBN 978-1628462173 Notes ^ Samuel (2001). German Boy. p. 16. ISBN 9780767908245. ^ Samuel (2001). German Boy. p. 217. ISBN 9780767908245. ^ Samuel (2001). German Boy. p. 420. ISBN 9780767908245. ^ Samuel (2001). German Boy. p. 233. ISBN 9780767908245. ^ Samuel (2001). German Boy. p. 406. ISBN 9780767908245. ^ a b c d Samuel (2008). Glory Days. Back cover. References Samuel, Wolfgang W. E. (2001). German Boy: A Child in War. New York: Broadway Books. ISBN 0-7679-0824-4. Samuel, Wolfgang W. E. (2008). Glory Days: The Untold Story of the Men Who Flew the B-66 Destroyer into the Face of Fear. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7643-3086-5. Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Germany Israel United States People Deutsche Biographie Other IdRef
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Samuel"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sagan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBaga%C5%84"},{"link_name":"Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"Red Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Army"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GB_p16-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GB_p217-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GB_p420-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GB_p233-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GB_p406-5"}],"text":"Born in what is now Poland, ten-year-old Samuel, along with his mother and sister, ran from his home town of Sagan (now Żagań in Poland) in 1945 as the Red Army approached.[1] As a Flüchtling (refugee), he underwent privation and re-settlement in the post-war years.[2] His mother was raped repeatedly,[3] and his grandfather was killed by German communists.[4] He describes how he and his mother eventually settled near a U.S. airbase in western Germany, where his mother met and married an American serviceman.[5]","title":"Early years"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of Colorado at Boulder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Colorado_at_Boulder"},{"link_name":"Bachelor of Science","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science"},{"link_name":"Business","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business"},{"link_name":"National War College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_War_College"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GD_backcover-6"},{"link_name":"colonel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonel"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GD_backcover-6"},{"link_name":"Distinguished Flying Cross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Air Medal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Medal"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GD_backcover-6"},{"link_name":"Fairfax Station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairfax_Station,_Virginia"},{"link_name":"Virginia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GD_backcover-6"}],"text":"After the family emigrated to the United States, Samuel attended the University of Colorado at Boulder, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Business in 1960, and subsequently the National War College.[6] He served in the United States Air Force for 30 years, retiring with the rank of colonel in 1985.[6] He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Air Medal multiple times during his years of active duty.[6] As of 2008, he resided in Fairfax Station, Virginia.[6]","title":"Military career"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wolfgang_Samuel_2009.jpg"},{"link_name":"Stephen Ambrose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Ambrose"},{"link_name":"B-66","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_B-66_Destroyer"}],"text":"Wolfgang Samuel at the Army Navy Country Club in 2009As of 2015, Samuel has published eight books. The first, German Boy: A Child in War, is a memoir detailing the war years and his post-war life as a refugee, and features a foreword by historian Stephen Ambrose. His second book, I Always Wanted to Fly: America's Cold War Airmen, is a compilation of oral histories of American aviators of the Cold War era. The War of Our Childhood: Memories of World War II, another oral history compilation, tells of twenty-seven Germans who experienced the war as children. American Raiders: The Race to Capture the Luftwaffe's Secrets, is an account of the efforts made by the United States military to acquire German military technology.Glory Days: The Untold Story of the Men Who Flew the B-66 Destroyer into the Face of Fear recounts some of the adventures of the often unsung crews of the B-66, RB-66 and EB-66 aircraft. Watson's Whizzer's: Operation Lusty and the Race for Nazi Aviation Technology documents the United States' efforts to obtain German aeronautical breakthroughs at the end of World War II. His most recent work is In Defense of Freedom that describes the sacrifices of America's World War II Army Air Force flyers and their contributions to the Allied victory.","title":"Author"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1-57806-482-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57806-482-1"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1-57806-399-X","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57806-399-X"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1-57806-482-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57806-482-1"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1-57806-649-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57806-649-2"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-57806-902-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57806-902-6"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-7643-3086-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7643-3086-1"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-7643-3086-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-3086-5"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-7643-3517-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7643-3517-0"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-7643-3517-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7643-3517-4"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1628462175","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1628462175"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1628462173","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1628462173"}],"text":"German Boy: A Refugee's Story. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2000. ISBN 1-57806-482-1\nI Always Wanted to Fly: America's Cold War Airmen. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2001. ISBN 1-57806-399-X\nThe War Of Our Childhood: Memories of World War Two. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2002. ISBN 1-57806-482-1\nAmerican Raiders: The Race to Capture the Luftwaffe's Secrets. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2004. ISBN 1-57806-649-2\nComing to Colorado: A Young Immigrant's Journey to Become an American Flyer. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2006 ISBN 978-1-57806-902-6\nGlory Days: The Untold Story of the Men Who Flew the B-66 Destroyer into the Face of Fear. Schiffer Publishing, Ltd., 2008. ISBN 0-7643-3086-1, ISBN 978-0-7643-3086-5\nWatson's Whizzer's: Operation Lusty and the Race for Nazi Aviation Technology. Schiffer Publishing, Ltd., 2010. ISBN 0-7643-3517-0, ISBN 978-0-7643-3517-4\nIn Defense of Freedom: Stories of Courage and Sacrifice of World War II Army Air Forces Flyers. University Press of Mississippi, 2015. ISBN 1628462175, ISBN 978-1628462173","title":"Works"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-GB_p16_1-0"},{"link_name":"German Boy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/germanboychildin00samu"},{"link_name":"16","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/germanboychildin00samu/page/16"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780767908245","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780767908245"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-GB_p217_2-0"},{"link_name":"German Boy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/germanboychildin00samu"},{"link_name":"217","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/germanboychildin00samu/page/217"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780767908245","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780767908245"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-GB_p420_3-0"},{"link_name":"German Boy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/germanboychildin00samu"},{"link_name":"420","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/germanboychildin00samu/page/420"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780767908245","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780767908245"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-GB_p233_4-0"},{"link_name":"German Boy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/germanboychildin00samu"},{"link_name":"233","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/germanboychildin00samu/page/233"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780767908245","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780767908245"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-GB_p406_5-0"},{"link_name":"German Boy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/germanboychildin00samu"},{"link_name":"406","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/germanboychildin00samu/page/406"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780767908245","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780767908245"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-GD_backcover_6-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-GD_backcover_6-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-GD_backcover_6-2"},{"link_name":"d","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-GD_backcover_6-3"}],"text":"^ Samuel (2001). German Boy. p. 16. ISBN 9780767908245.\n\n^ Samuel (2001). German Boy. p. 217. ISBN 9780767908245.\n\n^ Samuel (2001). German Boy. p. 420. ISBN 9780767908245.\n\n^ Samuel (2001). German Boy. p. 233. ISBN 9780767908245.\n\n^ Samuel (2001). German Boy. p. 406. ISBN 9780767908245.\n\n^ a b c d Samuel (2008). Glory Days. Back cover.","title":"Notes"}]
[{"image_text":"Wolfgang Samuel at the Army Navy Country Club in 2009","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wolfgang_Samuel_2009.jpg/220px-Wolfgang_Samuel_2009.jpg"}]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frangy
Frangy
["1 Population","2 See also","3 Culture and heritage","4 References"]
Coordinates: 46°01′11″N 5°55′50″E / 46.0197°N 5.9306°E / 46.0197; 5.9306Commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, FranceFrangyCommuneA view of Frangy from the south-west Coat of armsLocation of Frangy FrangyShow map of FranceFrangyShow map of Auvergne-Rhône-AlpesCoordinates: 46°01′11″N 5°55′50″E / 46.0197°N 5.9306°E / 46.0197; 5.9306CountryFranceRegionAuvergne-Rhône-AlpesDepartmentHaute-SavoieArrondissementSaint-Julien-en-GenevoisCantonSaint-Julien-en-GenevoisIntercommunalityCC Usses et RhôneGovernment • Mayor (2022–2026) David BanantArea19.69 km2 (3.74 sq mi)Population (2021)2,049 • Density210/km2 (550/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)INSEE/Postal code74131 /74270Elevation299–562 m (981–1,844 ft)1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. Frangy (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. Population Historical populationYearPop.±% p.a.1968 1,014—    1975 1,102+1.20%1982 1,333+2.76%1990 1,521+1.66%1999 1,598+0.55%2007 1,928+2.37%2012 1,967+0.40%2017 2,119+1.50%Source: INSEE See also Communes of the Haute-Savoie department Culture and heritage Ferme de Bel-Air (Frangy) , 18th century farm, protected as Monument historique since December 7, 2010. References ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 6 June 2023. ^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE ^ Base Mérimée: Ferme de Bel-Air, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frangy. vte Communes of the Haute-Savoie department Abondance Alby-sur-Chéran Alex Allèves Allinges Allonzier-la-Caille Amancy Ambilly Andilly Annecypref Annemasse Anthy-sur-Léman Arâches-la-Frasse Arbusigny Archamps Arenthon Argonay Armoy Arthaz-Pont-Notre-Dame Ayse Ballaison La Balme-de-Sillingy La Balme-de-Thuy Bassy La Baume Beaumont Bellevaux Bernex Le Biot Bloye Bluffy Boëge Bogève Bonne Bonnevaux Bonnevillesubpr Bons-en-Chablais Bossey Le Bouchet-Mont-Charvin Boussy Brenthonne Brizon Burdignin Cercier Cernex Cervens Chainaz-les-Frasses Challonges Chamonix-Mont-Blanc Champanges La Chapelle-d'Abondance La Chapelle-Rambaud La Chapelle-Saint-Maurice Chapeiry Charvonnex Châtel Châtillon-sur-Cluses Chaumont Chavannaz Chavanod Chêne-en-Semine Chênex Chens-sur-Léman Chessenaz Chevaline Chevenoz Chevrier Chilly Choisy Clarafond-Arcine Les Clefs Clermont La Clusaz Cluses Collonges-sous-Salève Combloux Contamine-Sarzin Les Contamines-Montjoie Contamine-sur-Arve Copponex Cordon Cornier La Côte-d'Arbroz Cranves-Sales Crempigny-Bonneguête Cruseilles Cusy Cuvat Demi-Quartier Desingy Dingy-en-Vuache Dingy-Saint-Clair Domancy Doussard Douvaine Draillant Droisy Duingt Éloise Entrevernes Épagny Metz-Tessy Essert-Romand Etaux Étercy Étrembières Évian-les-Bains Excenevex Faucigny Faverges-Seythenex Feigères Fessy Féternes Fillière Fillinges La Forclaz Franclens Frangy Gaillard Les Gets Giez Glières-Val-de-Borne Le Grand-Bornand Groisy Gruffy Habère-Lullin Habère-Poche Hauteville-sur-Fier Héry-sur-Alby Les Houches Jonzier-Épagny Juvigny Larringes Lathuile Leschaux Loisin Lornay Lovagny Lucinges Lugrin Lullin Lully Lyaud Machilly Magland Manigod Marcellaz Marcellaz-Albanais Margencel Marignier Marigny-Saint-Marcel Marin Marlioz Marnaz Massingy Massongy Maxilly-sur-Léman Megève Mégevette Meillerie Menthonnex-en-Bornes Menthonnex-sous-Clermont Menthon-Saint-Bernard Mésigny Messery Mieussy Minzier Monnetier-Mornex Montagny-les-Lanches Montriond Mont-Saxonnex Morillon Morzine Moye La Muraz Mûres Musièges Nancy-sur-Cluses Nangy Nâves-Parmelan Nernier Neuvecelle Neydens Nonglard Novel Onnion Orcier Passy Peillonnex Perrignier Pers-Jussy Poisy Praz-sur-Arly Présilly Publier Quintal Reignier-Esery Le Reposoir Reyvroz La Rivière-Enverse La Roche-sur-Foron Rumilly Saint-André-de-Boëge Saint-Blaise Saint-Cergues Saint-Eusèbe Saint-Eustache Saint-Félix Saint-Ferréol Saint-Germain-sur-Rhône Saint-Gervais-les-Bains Saint-Gingolph Saint-Jean-d'Aulps Saint-Jean-de-Sixt Saint-Jean-de-Tholome Saint-Jeoire Saint-Jorioz Saint-Julien-en-Genevoissubpr Saint-Laurent Saint-Paul-en-Chablais Saint-Pierre-en-Faucigny Saint-Sigismond Saint-Sixt Saint-Sylvestre Sales Sallanches Sallenôves Samoëns Le Sappey Savigny Saxel Scientrier Sciez Scionzier Serraval Servoz Sevrier Seyssel Seytroux Sillingy Sixt-Fer-à-Cheval Talloires-Montmin Taninges Thollon-les-Mémises Thônes Thonon-les-Bainssubpr Thusy Thyez La Tour Usinens Vacheresse Vailly Val-de-Chaise Valleiry Vallières-sur-Fier Vallorcine Vanzy Vaulx Veigy-Foncenex Verchaix La Vernaz Vers Versonnex Vétraz-Monthoux Veyrier-du-Lac Villard Les Villards-sur-Thônes Villaz Ville-en-Sallaz Ville-la-Grand Villy-le-Bouveret Villy-le-Pelloux Vinzier Viry Viuz-en-Sallaz Viuz-la-Chiésaz Vougy Vovray-en-Bornes Vulbens Yvoire pref: prefecture subpr: subprefecture Authority control databases: National France BnF data This Haute-Savoie geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
[{"title":"Communes of the Haute-Savoie department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communes_of_the_Haute-Savoie_department"}]
[{"reference":"\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 6 June 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503","url_text":"\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\""}]},{"reference":"\"Populations légales 2021\" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-74131","url_text":"\"Populations légales 2021\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques","url_text":"The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS620
Matra MS620
["1 Racing history","2 References","3 Further reading"]
Racing car model Matra MS620CategoryGroup 6ConstructorMatraPredecessorMatra MS610SuccessorMatra-Simca MS630Technical specificationsChassisTubular space frameEngineBRM 1,915 cc (116.9 cu in) 16 valve, DOHC V8, naturally aspirated, mid enginedFord 289 cu in (4,736 cc) 16 valve, OHV V8, naturally aspiratedTransmissionZF 5DS 25 5-speed manualTyresFirestoneCompetition historyNotable entrantsMatra-SportsDebut1966 1000km of Monza RacesWinsPoles 8 (10 entries)11Teams' Championships0Constructors' Championships0Drivers' Championships0 The Matra MS620 (sometimes referred to as the M620) was a Group 6 sports prototype built by Matra in 1966, and was the second such car built by the company. Fitted with a 1.9 litre version of the BRM Formula One V8 engine, four cars were built, but were mostly used as developmental cars. In 1967, the MS620 was replaced by the 3 litre Matra MS630, although it was used in the Le Mans Test of that year, fitted with a 4.7 litre Ford V8 engine. Racing history In 1966, Matra decided to build their second sports prototype. Designed to Group 6 regulations, the car was named the MS620, and featured a 1.9 litre version of the BRM Formula One V8 engine capable of producing 245 hp (183 kW; 248 PS) at 9,000 RPM. Four cars were built, with a tubular steel chassis designed by Bernard Boyer, formerly of Alpine, and bodywork by French carrosserie Pichon-Parat. The car made its first appearance at the Le Mans Test in April 1966, setting the tenth fastest time in the hands of Jo Schlesser, Jean-Pierre Jaussaud and Johnny Servoz-Gavin. The MS620 made its racing debut at the 1000 km of Monza, which was the third round of the World Sportscar Championship; Servoz-Gavin and Jassaud shared the sole MS620 present (a second entry, with Ernesto Brambilla earmarked to drive it, never materialized) but were not classified. Matra's next entry came at the 1000 km of Spa, where Servoz-Gavin was joined by Alan Rees, but a fuel system issue prevented the pair from finishing the race. Both drivers were entered for the 1000 km of Nürburgring, but did not race. For the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Matra entered three MS620s, with Jassaud and Henri Pescarolo in car #02, Schlesser and Rees in car #03, and Jean-Pierre Beltoise and Servoz-Gavin in car #04. All three cars retired; car #02 with engine failure after 38 laps, car #03 after an accident after 100 laps, and car #01 after a gearbox failure on lap 112. Matra then entered Beltoise at the Trophée d'Auvergne non-championship event, where he finished in 17th and last place following a battery failure after 11 laps. Beltoise then drove an MS620 in another non-championship event at Magny-Cours, which he won. Matra then attempted to enter Schlesser at the Hockenheim Grand Prix, but did not attend the event. Instead, the car's next race came at the non-championship Coupe de Paris, where Servoz-Gavin took second place. Beltoise next drove an MS620 in the Coupes du Salon, but he crashed during the event. Matra finished the season by entering two cars in the 1000 km of Paris; Jassaud and Pescarolo in one, with Beltoise and Servoz-Gavin in the other. Again, neither car finished, as the car of Beltoise and Servoz-Gavin crashed after 14 laps, and ignition problems forced Jaussaud and Pescarolo out on lap 43. This would be the car's last race, although Jassaud and Roby Weber did set the eighth fastest time at the Le Mans Test in 1967, the BRM engine having been replaced by a 4.7 litre Ford V8 capable of producing 385 hp (287 kW; 390 PS) at 6,500 rpm. Weber died in an accident whilst driving the MS620's replacement, the Matra MS630. References ^ a b c McDonough, Ed (28 January 2010). Matra Sports Cars: MS620, 630, 650, 660 and 670 - 1966 to 1974 - WSC Giants. Veloce Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781845842611. ^ "The Matra M620". Matra Sport Denmark. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ Pette, Benjamin (21 November 2017). "La Matra MS620, débuts discrets d'une folle aventure" . News d'Anciennes (in French). ^ "Matra M620 – All results". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ "Le Mans Test 1966 – Results". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ "Monza 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Race Results". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ "Spa 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Race Results". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ "Nürburgring 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Race Results". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ "Le Mans 24 Hours 1966 – Photo Gallery". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ "Le Mans 24 Hours 1966 – Race Results". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ "Trophée d'Auvergne 1966 – Race Results". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ "Magny-Cours 1966-07-17 – Race Results". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ "GP Hockenheim 1966 – Race Results". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ "Coupe de Paris 1966 – Race Results". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ "Coupes du Salon 1966 – Race Results". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ "Paris 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Photo Gallery". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ "Paris 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Race Results". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. ^ "Le Mans Test 1967 – Results". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013. Further reading McDonough, Ed (28 January 2010). Matra Sports Cars: MS620, 630, 650, 660 and 670 - 1966 to 1974 - WSC Giants. Veloce Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781845842611. vte Equipe Matra SportsPersonnelFounder Jean-Luc Lagardère Marcel Chassagny Personnel Gérard Ducarouge Ken Tyrrell Bernard Boyer Robert Choulet DriversWorld Champions Jackie Stewart Notable drivers Johnny Servoz-Gavin Jean-Pierre Beltoise Henri Pescarolo Chris Amon Formula One titlesDrivers' titles 1969 Constructors' titles 1969 CarsFormula One MS5 MS7 MS9 MS10 MS11 MS80 MS84 MS120 MS120B MS120C MS120D Formula Two MS5 MS6 MS7 Formula Three MS1 MS5 Sports cars MS610 MS620 MS630 MS630/650 MS640 MS650 MS660 MS660C MS670 MS670B MS670C MS680 vteMatra-DB-René Bonnet car timeline, 1955–1984 Type 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 Front-engine sports car HBR 5 Le Mans Mid-engine sports car Djet 530 Bagheera Murena Leisure activity vehicle Rancho Mid-engine sports prototype MS610 MS620 MS630 MS630/650 MS660 MS660C MS640 MS670 MS670B MS670C MS650 MS680      Sold as René Bonnet till 1964      Raced as Matra-Simca from 1969      Sold as Talbot-Matra from 1980
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Group 6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_6_(racing)"},{"link_name":"sports prototype","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_prototype"},{"link_name":"Matra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equipe_Matra_Sports"},{"link_name":"BRM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Racing_Motors"},{"link_name":"Formula One","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One"},{"link_name":"V8 engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_engine"},{"link_name":"Matra MS630","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS630"},{"link_name":"Le Mans Test","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans"},{"link_name":"Ford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company"}],"text":"The Matra MS620 (sometimes referred to as the M620) was a Group 6 sports prototype built by Matra in 1966, and was the second such car built by the company. Fitted with a 1.9 litre version of the BRM Formula One V8 engine, four cars were built, but were mostly used as developmental cars. In 1967, the MS620 was replaced by the 3 litre Matra MS630, although it was used in the Le Mans Test of that year, fitted with a 4.7 litre Ford V8 engine.","title":"Matra MS620"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Matra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equipe_Matra_Sports"},{"link_name":"sports prototype","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_prototype"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ms-m620-2"},{"link_name":"Group 6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_6_(racing)"},{"link_name":"BRM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Racing_Motors"},{"link_name":"Formula One","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One"},{"link_name":"V8 engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_engine"},{"link_name":"RPM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ms620_book-1"},{"link_name":"Alpine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobiles_Alpine"},{"link_name":"Pichon-Parat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pichon-Parat"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nda-ms620-3"},{"link_name":"Le Mans Test","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-620all-4"},{"link_name":"Jo Schlesser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo_Schlesser"},{"link_name":"Jean-Pierre Jaussaud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Jaussaud"},{"link_name":"Johnny Servoz-Gavin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Servoz-Gavin"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-lmt66-5"},{"link_name":"1000 km of Monza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000_km_of_Monza"},{"link_name":"World Sportscar Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Sportscar_Championship"},{"link_name":"Ernesto Brambilla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Brambilla"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-mnz66-6"},{"link_name":"1000 km of Spa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000_km_of_Spa"},{"link_name":"Alan Rees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rees_(racing_driver)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-spa66-7"},{"link_name":"1000 km of Nürburgring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000_km_of_N%C3%BCrburgring"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-nur66-8"},{"link_name":"24 Hours of Le Mans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans"},{"link_name":"Henri Pescarolo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Pescarolo"},{"link_name":"Jean-Pierre Beltoise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Beltoise"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-lm66photo-9"},{"link_name":"gearbox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearbox"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-lm66-10"},{"link_name":"Trophée d'Auvergne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Troph%C3%A9e_d%27Auvergne&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-cf66-11"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ms620_book-1"},{"link_name":"Magny-Cours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_de_Nevers_Magny-Cours"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-mc66-12"},{"link_name":"Hockenheim Grand Prix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hockenheim_Grand_Prix&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-hock66-13"},{"link_name":"Coupe de Paris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coupe_de_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-cdp66-14"},{"link_name":"Coupes du Salon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coupes_du_Salon&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-cds66-15"},{"link_name":"1000 km of Paris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000_km_of_Paris"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-mont66photo-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-paris1K66-17"},{"link_name":"Roby Weber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roby_Weber&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company"},{"link_name":"Matra MS630","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS630"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rsc-lmt67-18"}],"text":"In 1966, Matra decided to build their second sports prototype.[2] Designed to Group 6 regulations, the car was named the MS620, and featured a 1.9 litre version of the BRM Formula One V8 engine capable of producing 245 hp (183 kW; 248 PS) at 9,000 RPM.[1] Four cars were built, with a tubular steel chassis designed by Bernard Boyer, formerly of Alpine, and bodywork by French carrosserie Pichon-Parat.[3] The car made its first appearance at the Le Mans Test in April 1966,[4] setting the tenth fastest time in the hands of Jo Schlesser, Jean-Pierre Jaussaud and Johnny Servoz-Gavin.[5] The MS620 made its racing debut at the 1000 km of Monza, which was the third round of the World Sportscar Championship; Servoz-Gavin and Jassaud shared the sole MS620 present (a second entry, with Ernesto Brambilla earmarked to drive it, never materialized) but were not classified.[6] Matra's next entry came at the 1000 km of Spa, where Servoz-Gavin was joined by Alan Rees, but a fuel system issue prevented the pair from finishing the race.[7] Both drivers were entered for the 1000 km of Nürburgring, but did not race.[8]For the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Matra entered three MS620s, with Jassaud and Henri Pescarolo in car #02, Schlesser and Rees in car #03, and Jean-Pierre Beltoise and Servoz-Gavin in car #04.[9] All three cars retired; car #02 with engine failure after 38 laps, car #03 after an accident after 100 laps, and car #01 after a gearbox failure on lap 112.[10] Matra then entered Beltoise at the Trophée d'Auvergne non-championship event, where he finished in 17th and last place[11] following a battery failure after 11 laps.[1] Beltoise then drove an MS620 in another non-championship event at Magny-Cours, which he won.[12] Matra then attempted to enter Schlesser at the Hockenheim Grand Prix, but did not attend the event.[13] Instead, the car's next race came at the non-championship Coupe de Paris, where Servoz-Gavin took second place.[14] Beltoise next drove an MS620 in the Coupes du Salon, but he crashed during the event.[15] Matra finished the season by entering two cars in the 1000 km of Paris; Jassaud and Pescarolo in one, with Beltoise and Servoz-Gavin in the other.[16] Again, neither car finished, as the car of Beltoise and Servoz-Gavin crashed after 14 laps, and ignition problems forced Jaussaud and Pescarolo out on lap 43.[17] This would be the car's last race, although Jassaud and Roby Weber did set the eighth fastest time at the Le Mans Test in 1967, the BRM engine having been replaced by a 4.7 litre Ford V8 capable of producing 385 hp (287 kW; 390 PS) at 6,500 rpm. Weber died in an accident whilst driving the MS620's replacement, the Matra MS630.[18]","title":"Racing history"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9781845842611","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845842611"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Equipe_Matra_Sports"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Equipe_Matra_Sports"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Equipe_Matra_Sports"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Equipe Matra Sports","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equipe_Matra_Sports"},{"link_name":"Jean-Luc Lagardère","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Luc_Lagard%C3%A8re"},{"link_name":"Gérard Ducarouge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Ducarouge"},{"link_name":"Ken Tyrrell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Tyrrell"},{"link_name":"Robert Choulet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Choulet"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Jackie Stewart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Stewart"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Johnny Servoz-Gavin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Servoz-Gavin"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Jean-Pierre Beltoise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Beltoise"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Henri Pescarolo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Pescarolo"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Chris Amon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Amon"},{"link_name":"Drivers' titles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Drivers%27_Champions"},{"link_name":"1969","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_Formula_One_season"},{"link_name":"Constructors' titles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Constructors%27_Champions"},{"link_name":"1969","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_Formula_One_season"},{"link_name":"Formula One","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One"},{"link_name":"MS5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS5"},{"link_name":"MS7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS7"},{"link_name":"MS9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS9"},{"link_name":"MS10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS10"},{"link_name":"MS11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS11"},{"link_name":"MS80","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS80"},{"link_name":"MS84","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS84"},{"link_name":"MS120","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS120"},{"link_name":"MS120B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS120"},{"link_name":"MS120C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS120"},{"link_name":"MS120D","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS120"},{"link_name":"Formula Two","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_Two"},{"link_name":"MS5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS5"},{"link_name":"MS6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS6"},{"link_name":"MS7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS7"},{"link_name":"Formula Three","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_Three"},{"link_name":"MS1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS1"},{"link_name":"MS5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS5"},{"link_name":"Sports cars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_car_racing"},{"link_name":"MS610","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS610"},{"link_name":"MS620","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"MS630","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS630"},{"link_name":"MS630/650","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS630"},{"link_name":"MS640","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS640"},{"link_name":"MS650","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS650"},{"link_name":"MS660","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS660"},{"link_name":"MS660C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS660"},{"link_name":"MS670","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS670"},{"link_name":"MS670B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS670"},{"link_name":"MS670C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS670"},{"link_name":"MS680","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS680"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Matra_car_timeline"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Matra_car_timeline"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Matra_car_timeline"},{"link_name":"Matra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra"},{"link_name":"DB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB_(car)"},{"link_name":"René Bonnet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobiles_Ren%C3%A9_Bonnet"},{"link_name":"Front-engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout"},{"link_name":"sports car","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_car"},{"link_name":"HBR 5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB_HBR_5"},{"link_name":"Le Mans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB_Le_Mans"},{"link_name":"Mid-engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear_mid-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout"},{"link_name":"sports car","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_car"},{"link_name":"Djet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_Djet"},{"link_name":"530","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_530"},{"link_name":"Bagheera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_Bagheera"},{"link_name":"Murena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_Murena"},{"link_name":"Leisure activity vehicle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leisure_activity_vehicle"},{"link_name":"Rancho","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_Rancho"},{"link_name":"Mid-engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear_mid-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout"},{"link_name":"sports prototype","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_prototype"},{"link_name":"MS610","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS610"},{"link_name":"MS620","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"MS630","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS630"},{"link_name":"MS630/650","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS630#1969"},{"link_name":"MS660","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS660"},{"link_name":"MS660C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS660C"},{"link_name":"MS640","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra_MS640"},{"link_name":"MS670","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS670"},{"link_name":"MS670B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS670#1973"},{"link_name":"MS670C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS670#1974"},{"link_name":"MS650","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS650"},{"link_name":"MS680","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matra-Simca_MS680"},{"link_name":"René Bonnet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobiles_Ren%C3%A9_Bonnet"}],"text":"McDonough, Ed (28 January 2010). Matra Sports Cars: MS620, 630, 650, 660 and 670 - 1966 to 1974 - WSC Giants. Veloce Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781845842611.vte Equipe Matra SportsPersonnelFounder\nJean-Luc Lagardère\nMarcel Chassagny\nPersonnel\nGérard Ducarouge\nKen Tyrrell\nBernard Boyer\nRobert Choulet\nDriversWorld Champions\n Jackie Stewart\nNotable drivers\n Johnny Servoz-Gavin\n Jean-Pierre Beltoise\n Henri Pescarolo\n Chris Amon\nFormula One titlesDrivers' titles\n1969\nConstructors' titles\n1969\nCarsFormula One\nMS5\nMS7\nMS9\nMS10\nMS11\nMS80\nMS84\nMS120\nMS120B\nMS120C\nMS120D\nFormula Two\nMS5\nMS6\nMS7\nFormula Three\nMS1\nMS5\nSports cars\nMS610\nMS620\nMS630\nMS630/650\nMS640\nMS650\nMS660\nMS660C\nMS670\nMS670B\nMS670C\nMS680vteMatra-DB-René Bonnet car timeline, 1955–1984\n\n\n\nType\n\n1950s\n\n1960s\n\n1970s\n\n1980s\n\n\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n\n0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n\n0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n\n0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n\n\nFront-engine sports car\n\nHBR 5\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLe Mans\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMid-engine sports car\n\n\n\n\n\nDjet\n\n530\n\nBagheera\n\nMurena\n\n\n\n\nLeisure activity vehicle\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRancho\n\n\nMid-engine sports prototype\n\n\n\nMS610\n\nMS620\n\nMS630\n\nMS630/650\n\nMS660\n\nMS660C\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMS640\n\n\n\nMS670\n\nMS670B\n\nMS670C\n\n\n\n\nMS650\n\n\n\nMS680\n\n\n     Sold as René Bonnet till 1964      Raced as Matra-Simca from 1969      Sold as Talbot-Matra from 1980","title":"Further reading"}]
[]
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[{"reference":"McDonough, Ed (28 January 2010). Matra Sports Cars: MS620, 630, 650, 660 and 670 - 1966 to 1974 - WSC Giants. Veloce Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781845842611.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845842611","url_text":"9781845842611"}]},{"reference":"\"The Matra M620\". Matra Sport Denmark. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.matrasport.dk/Cars/Sportsprototypes/M620.html","url_text":"\"The Matra M620\""}]},{"reference":"Pette, Benjamin (21 November 2017). \"La Matra MS620, débuts discrets d'une folle aventure\" [The Matra MS620, the modest start of a crazy adventure]. News d'Anciennes (in French).","urls":[{"url":"https://newsdanciennes.com/matra-ms620-debuts-discrets-dune-folle-aventure/","url_text":"\"La Matra MS620, débuts discrets d'une folle aventure\""}]},{"reference":"\"Matra M620 – All results\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/type/results/Matra/M620.html","url_text":"\"Matra M620 – All results\""}]},{"reference":"\"Le Mans Test 1966 – Results\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/results/Le_Mans-1966-04-03.html","url_text":"\"Le Mans Test 1966 – Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"Monza 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Race Results\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/results/Monza-1966-04-25.html","url_text":"\"Monza 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Race Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"Spa 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Race Results\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/results/Spa-1966-05-22.html","url_text":"\"Spa 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Race Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"Nürburgring 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Race Results\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/results/Nurburgring-1966-06-05.html","url_text":"\"Nürburgring 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Race Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"Le Mans 24 Hours 1966 – Photo Gallery\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/photo/Le_Mans-1966-06-19.html","url_text":"\"Le Mans 24 Hours 1966 – Photo Gallery\""}]},{"reference":"\"Le Mans 24 Hours 1966 – Race Results\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/results/Le_Mans-1966-06-19.html","url_text":"\"Le Mans 24 Hours 1966 – Race Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"Trophée d'Auvergne 1966 – Race Results\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/results/Clermont-Ferrand-1966-06-26-4475.html","url_text":"\"Trophée d'Auvergne 1966 – Race Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"Magny-Cours 1966-07-17 – Race Results\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/results/Magny-Cours-1966-07-17-3988.html","url_text":"\"Magny-Cours 1966-07-17 – Race Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"GP Hockenheim 1966 – Race Results\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/results/Hockenheim-1966-08-14-5504.html","url_text":"\"GP Hockenheim 1966 – Race Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"Coupe de Paris [SP] 1966 – Race Results\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/results/Montlhery-1966-09-25-4950.html","url_text":"\"Coupe de Paris [SP] 1966 – Race Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"Coupes du Salon 1966 – Race Results\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/results/Montlhery-1966-10-09-4951.html","url_text":"\"Coupes du Salon 1966 – Race Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"Paris 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Photo Gallery\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/photo/Montlhery-1966-10-16-4191.html","url_text":"\"Paris 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Photo Gallery\""}]},{"reference":"\"Paris 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Race Results\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/results/Montlhery-1966-10-16-4191.html","url_text":"\"Paris 1000 Kilometres 1966 – Race Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"Le Mans Test 1967 – Results\". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 22 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.racingsportscars.com/results/Le_Mans-1967-04-09.html","url_text":"\"Le Mans Test 1967 – Results\""}]},{"reference":"McDonough, Ed (28 January 2010). Matra Sports Cars: MS620, 630, 650, 660 and 670 - 1966 to 1974 - WSC Giants. Veloce Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781845842611.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845842611","url_text":"9781845842611"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Cassia_County_(LST-527)
USS Cassia County
["1 Construction","2 Service history","3 References"]
LST-527 (center) and LST-542 (right) off St. Aubin's Bay, Jersey during "Operation Nestegg" with German prisoners of war lining up on the sands ready to embark for England, c. May 1945. LST-521 is just out of the picture to the left. History United States NameUSS LST-527, later USS Cassia County NamesakeCassia County, Idaho BuilderJeffersonville Boat and Machine Company, Jeffersonville, Indiana Laid down23 October 1943 Launched3 January 1944 Commissioned17 February 1944 Decommissioned28 February 1945 Recommissioned21 September 1950 Decommissioned21 December 1956 RenamedUSS Cassia County (LST-527), 1 July 1955 Stricken1 October 1958 Honours andawards 1 battle star (World War II) 2 battle stars (Korea) FateSunk as a target, 3 March 1959 General characteristics Class and typeLST-491-class tank landing ship Displacement 1,780 long tons (1,809 t) light 3,640 long tons (3,698 t) full Length328 ft (100 m) Beam50 ft (15 m) Draft Unloaded : 2 ft 4 in (0.71 m) forward 7 ft 6 in (2.29 m) aft Loaded : 8 ft 2 in (2.49 m) forward 14 ft 1 in (4.29 m) aft Propulsion2 × General Motors 12-567 diesel engines, two shafts, twin rudders Speed12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) Boats & landing craft carried2 LCVPs TroopsApproximately 140 officers and enlisted men Complement8-10 officers, 100-115 enlisted men Armament 1 × single 3"/50 caliber gun mount 8 × 40 mm guns 12 × 20 mm guns USS Cassia County (LST-527) was an LST-491-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named for Cassia County, Idaho, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name. USS Cassia County is recognized for service in World War II during the Invasion of Normandy, and in the Korean War. Construction In 1938, the Jeffersonville Boat and Machine Company was founded in Jeffersonville, Indiana, and later took over orders in a shipyard leased to the company by the US Navy in 1942. From this point, Jeffersonville Boat and Machine Co. became a supplier of Navy and military ships; particularly the Landing Ship Tank during World War II. LST-527 was laid down on 23 October 1943, meaning that construction on the ship's foundation officially began on this date. By 3 January 1944 LST-527 was launched, making her way to water. Service history During World War II, LST-527 was assigned to the European Theater and participated in the Invasion of Normandy from 6–25 June 1944. The role of tank landing ships was to drop off supplies, vehicles, and troops to shores without a docking site. LST-527 was decommissioned on 28 February 1945 as World War II neared its end. As a result of hostilities in Korea, LST-527 was recommissioned on 21 September 1950. She participated in two campaigns during the Korean War; the Second Korean Winter on 11–12 January 1952 and 21–28 February 1952, and the Korean Summer-Fall on 7–17 May 1953, 29 May – 11 June 1953, 16–17 June 1953, and 27 July 1953. The vessel was renamed Cassia County (LST-527) on 1 July 1955. She was decommissioned for the last time on 21 December 1956, and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 October 1958. Cassia County earned one battle star for World War II service and two battle stars for Korean service. Cassia County was sunk as a target on 3 March 1959. References ^ a b "JeffBoat - Self-Propelled Vessels". shipbuildinghistory.com. Retrieved 3 May 2019. ^ a b "Tank Landing Ship LST". navsource.org. Retrieved 3 May 2019. ^ "LST-527". NHHC. Retrieved 3 May 2019.  This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here. vteLST-491-class tank landing ships LST-491 / T-LST-491 LST-492 LST-493 LST-494 LST-495 LST-496 LST-497 LST-498 LST-499 LST-500 LST-501 LST-502 LST-503 LST-504 / Buchanan County LST-505 LST-506 LST-507 LST-508 LST-509 / Bulloch County LST-510 / Buncombe County LST-511 LST-512 / Burnett County LST-513 / Endymion LST-514 / Midas LST-515 / Caddo Parish LST-516 / Calaveras County LST-517 LST-518 / Nestor LST-519 / Calhoun County LST-520 LST-521 / T-LST-521 / Cape May County LST-522 LST-523 LST-524 LST-525 / Caroline County LST-526 LST-527 / Cassia County LST-528 / Catahoula Parish LST-529 / Cayuga County LST-530 LST-531 LST-532 / Chase County LST-533 / Cheboygan County LST-534 LST-535 LST-536 LST-537 LST-538 LST-539 LST-540 LST-541 Other operators Republic of China Navy Chung Ting (ex-LST-537) Chung Kuang (ex-LST-503) Chung Shu (ex-LST-520) Chung Wan (ex-T-LST-535)  Colombian National Navy Midas  French Navy Orne (ex-LST-508)  Republic of Korea Navy ex-LST-536  Peruvian Navy Paita (ex-Burnett County)  Philippine Navy Bataan (ex-Caddo Parish) Cotabato del Sur (ex-Thị Nại) Lanao del Sur (ex-T-LST-491)  Republic of Singapore Navy ex-Chase County  Royal Navy LST-538  Republic of Vietnam Navy Thị Nại (ex-Cayuga County) Qui Nhơn (ex-Bulloch County)  Vietnam People's Navy HQ-505 (ex-Qui Nhơn) Preceded by: LST-1 class Followed by: LST-542 class List of United States Navy LSTs List of United States Navy amphibious warfare ships vteShipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1959Shipwrecks 23 Jan: Natone 25 Jan: Yandra 30 Jan: Hans Hedtoft 19 Feb: Marios II 3 Mar: USS Cassia County 13 Mar: USS Lyon County 13 Apr: Alkaira 26 May: Monrovia 9 Jun: Margaret Rose 15 Jun: Ocean Layer 29 Jul: River Witham, HMS Upstart 24 Nov: Holmglen 8 Dec: RNLB Mona 9 Dec: Elfrida Unknown date: USS Esmeraldo County, Kwinana Other incidents 26 Mar: Santa Rosa 13 Apr: Holdernith 15 Apr: Spurn Lightship 13 Dec: Tyne Breeze 1958 1960 This article about a specific ship or boat of the United States Armed Forces is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"JeffBoat - Self-Propelled Vessels\". shipbuildinghistory.com. Retrieved 3 May 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/small/jeffboat.htm","url_text":"\"JeffBoat - Self-Propelled Vessels\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tank Landing Ship LST\". navsource.org. Retrieved 3 May 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.navsource.org/archives/10/16/160527.htm","url_text":"\"Tank Landing Ship LST\""}]},{"reference":"\"LST-527\". NHHC. Retrieved 3 May 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/l/lst-527.html","url_text":"\"LST-527\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocopepoda
Copepod
["1 Classification and diversity","2 Characteristics","2.1 Behavior","2.2 Diet","2.3 Life cycle","2.4 Biophysics","3 Ecology","3.1 Copepods as parasitic hosts","4 Evolution","5 Practical aspects","5.1 In marine aquaria","5.2 Water supplies","5.3 In popular culture","6 See also","7 References","8 External links"]
Subclass of crustaceans CopepodTemporal range: Pennsylvanian – recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Likely early Paleozoic origin Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Superclass: Multicrustacea Class: CopepodaH. Milne-Edwards, 1840 Orders Calanoida Cyclopoida Gelyelloida Harpacticoida Misophrioida Monstrilloida Mormonilloida Platycopioida Polyarthra Siphonostomatoida Copepods (/ˈkoʊpəpɒd/; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), a number of species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators. As with other crustaceans, copepods have a larval form. For copepods, the egg hatches into a nauplius form, with a head and a tail but no true thorax or abdomen. The larva molts several times until it resembles the adult and then, after more molts, achieves adult development. The nauplius form is so different from the adult form that it was once thought to be a separate species. The metamorphosis had, until 1832, led to copepods being misidentified as zoophytes or insects (albeit aquatic ones), or, for parasitic copepods, 'fish lice'. Classification and diversity Copepods are assigned to the class Copepoda within the superclass Multicrustacea in the subphylum Crustacea. An alternative treatment is as a subclass belonging to class Hexanauplia. They are divided into 10 orders. Some 13,000 species of copepods are known, and 2,800 of them live in fresh water. Characteristics Copepods from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur Copepod with two eyes of genus Corycaeus Copepods vary considerably, but are typically 1 to 2 mm (1⁄32 to 3⁄32 in) long, with a teardrop-shaped body and large antennae. Like other crustaceans, they have an armoured exoskeleton, but they are so small that in most species, this thin armour and the entire body is almost totally transparent. Some polar copepods reach 1 cm (1⁄2 in). Most copepods have a single median compound eye, usually bright red and in the centre of the transparent head. Subterranean species may be eyeless, and members of the genera Copilia and Corycaeus possess two eyes, each of which has a large anterior cuticular lens paired with a posterior internal lens to form a telescope. Like other crustaceans, copepods possess two pairs of antennae; the first pair is often long and conspicuous. Free-living copepods of the orders Calanoida, Cyclopoida, and Harpacticoida typically have a short, cylindrical body, with a rounded or beaked head, although considerable variation exists in this pattern. The head is fused with the first one or two thoracic segments, while the remainder of the thorax has three to five segments, each with limbs. The first pair of thoracic appendages is modified to form maxillipeds, which assist in feeding. The abdomen is typically narrower than the thorax, and contains five segments without any appendages, except for some tail-like "rami" at the tip. Parasitic copepods (the other seven orders) vary widely in morphology and no generalizations are possible. Because of their small size, copepods have no need of any heart or circulatory system (the members of the order Calanoida have a heart, but no blood vessels), and most also lack gills. Instead, they absorb oxygen directly into their bodies. Their excretory system consists of maxillary glands. Behavior The second pair of cephalic appendages in free-living copepods is usually the main time-averaged source of propulsion, beating like oars to pull the animal through the water. However, different groups have different modes of feeding and locomotion, ranging from almost immotile for several minutes (e.g. some harpacticoid copepods) to intermittent motion (e.g., some cyclopoid copepods) and continuous displacements with some escape reactions (e.g. most calanoid copepods). Slow-motion macrophotography video (50%), taken using ecoSCOPE, of juvenile Atlantic herring (38 mm) feeding on copepods – the fish approach from below and catch each copepod individually. In the middle of the image, a copepod escapes successfully to the left. Some copepods have extremely fast escape responses when a predator is sensed, and can jump with high speed over a few millimetres. Many species have neurons surrounded by myelin (for increased conduction speed), which is very rare among invertebrates (other examples are some annelids and malacostracan crustaceans like palaemonid shrimp and penaeids). Even rarer, the myelin is highly organized, resembling the well-organized wrapping found in vertebrates (Gnathostomata). Despite their fast escape response, copepods are successfully hunted by slow-swimming seahorses, which approach their prey so gradually, it senses no turbulence, then suck the copepod into their snout too suddenly for the copepod to escape. Several species are bioluminescent and able to produce light. It is assumed this is an antipredatory defense mechanism. Finding a mate in the three-dimensional space of open water is challenging. Some copepod females solve the problem by emitting pheromones, which leave a trail in the water that the male can follow. Copepods experience a low Reynolds number and therefore a high relative viscosity. One foraging strategy involves chemical detection of sinking marine snow aggregates and taking advantage of nearby low-pressure gradients to swim quickly towards food sources. Diet Most free-living copepods feed directly on phytoplankton, catching cells individually. A single copepod can consume up to 373,000 phytoplankton per day. They generally have to clear the equivalent to about a million times their own body volume of water every day to cover their nutritional needs. Some of the larger species are predators of their smaller relatives. Many benthic copepods eat organic detritus or the bacteria that grow in it, and their mouth parts are adapted for scraping and biting. Herbivorous copepods, particularly those in rich, cold seas, store up energy from their food as oil droplets while they feed in the spring and summer on plankton blooms. These droplets may take up over half of the volume of their bodies in polar species. Many copepods (e.g., fish lice like the Siphonostomatoida) are parasites, and feed on their host organisms. In fact, three of the 10 known orders of copepods are wholly or largely parasitic, with another three comprising most of the free-living species. Life cycle Egg sac of a copepod Most nonparasitic copepods are holoplanktonic, meaning they stay planktonic for all of their lifecycles, although harpacticoids, although free-living, tend to be benthic rather than planktonic. During mating, the male copepod grips the female with his first pair of antennae, which is sometimes modified for this purpose. The male then produces an adhesive package of sperm and transfers it to the female's genital opening with his thoracic limbs. Eggs are sometimes laid directly into the water, but many species enclose them within a sac attached to the female's body until they hatch. In some pond-dwelling species, the eggs have a tough shell and can lie dormant for extended periods if the pond dries up. Eggs hatch into nauplius larvae, which consist of a head with a small tail, but no thorax or true abdomen. The nauplius moults five or six times, before emerging as a "copepodid larva". This stage resembles the adult, but has a simple, unsegmented abdomen and only three pairs of thoracic limbs. After a further five moults, the copepod takes on the adult form. The entire process from hatching to adulthood can take a week to a year, depending on the species and environmental conditions such as temperature and nutrition (e.g., egg-to-adult time in the calanoid Parvocalanus crassirostris is ~7 days at 25 °C (77 °F) but 19 days at 15 °C (59 °F). Biophysics Copepods jump out of the water - porpoising. The biophysics of this motion has been described by Waggett and Buskey 2007 and Kim et al 2015. Ecology Lernaeolophus sultanus (Pennellidae), parasite of the fish Pristipomoides filamentosus, scale: each division = 1 mm Planktonic copepods are important to global ecology and the carbon cycle. They are usually the dominant members of the zooplankton, and are major food organisms for small fish such as the dragonet, banded killifish, Alaska pollock, and other crustaceans such as krill in the ocean and in fresh water. Some scientists say they form the largest animal biomass on earth. Copepods compete for this title with Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). C. glacialis inhabits the edge of the Arctic icepack, especially in polynyas where light (and photosynthesis) is present, in which they alone comprise up to 80% of zooplankton biomass. They bloom as the ice recedes each spring. The ongoing large reduction in the annual ice pack minimum may force them to compete in the open ocean with the much less nourishing C. finmarchicus, which is spreading from the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea into the Barents Sea. Acanthochondria cornuta, an ectoparasite on flounder in the North Sea Because of their smaller size and relatively faster growth rates, and because they are more evenly distributed throughout more of the world's oceans, copepods almost certainly contribute far more to the secondary productivity of the world's oceans, and to the global ocean carbon sink than krill, and perhaps more than all other groups of organisms together. The surface layers of the oceans are believed to be the world's largest carbon sink, absorbing about 2 billion tons of carbon a year, the equivalent to perhaps a third of human carbon emissions, thus reducing their impact. Many planktonic copepods feed near the surface at night, then sink (by changing oils into more dense fats) into deeper water during the day to avoid visual predators. Their moulted exoskeletons, faecal pellets, and respiration at depth all bring carbon to the deep sea. About half of the estimated 14,000 described species of copepods are parasitic and many have adapted extremely modified bodies for their parasitic lifestyles. They attach themselves to bony fish, sharks, marine mammals, and many kinds of invertebrates such as corals, other crustaceans, molluscs, sponges, and tunicates. They also live as ectoparasites on some freshwater fish. Copepods as parasitic hosts In addition to being parasites themselves, copepods are subject to parasitic infection. The most common parasites are marine dinoflagellates of the genus Blastodinium, which are gut parasites of many copepod species. Twelve species of Blastodinium are described, the majority of which were discovered in the Mediterranean Sea. Most Blastodinium species infect several different hosts, but species-specific infection of copepods does occur. Generally, adult copepod females and juveniles are infected. During the naupliar stage, the copepod host ingests the unicellular dinospore of the parasite. The dinospore is not digested and continues to grow inside the intestinal lumen of the copepod. Eventually, the parasite divides into a multicellular arrangement called a trophont. This trophont is considered parasitic, contains thousands of cells, and can be several hundred micrometers in length. The trophont is greenish to brownish in color as a result of well-defined chloroplasts. At maturity, the trophont ruptures and Blastodinium spp. are released from the copepod anus as free dinospore cells. Not much is known about the dinospore stage of Blastodinium and its ability to persist outside of the copepod host in relatively high abundances. The copepod Calanus finmarchicus, which dominates the northeastern Atlantic coast, has been shown to be greatly infected by this parasite. A 2014 study in this region found up to 58% of collected C. finmarchicus females to be infected. In this study, Blastodinium-infected females had no measurable feeding rate over a 24-hour period. This is compared to uninfected females which, on average, ate 2.93 × 104 cells per day. Blastodinium-infected females of C. finmarchicus exhibited characteristic signs of starvation, including decreased respiration, fecundity, and fecal pellet production. Though photosynthetic, Blastodinium spp. procure most of their energy from organic material in the copepod gut, thus contributing to host starvation. Underdeveloped or disintegrated ovaries and decreased fecal pellet size are a direct result of starvation in female copepods. Parasitic infection by Blastodinium spp. could have serious ramifications on the success of copepod species and the function of entire marine ecosystems. Blastodinium parasitism is not lethal, but has negative impacts on copepod physiology, which in turn may alter marine biogeochemical cycles. Freshwater copepods of the Cyclops genus are the intermediate host of the Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis), the nematode that causes dracunculiasis disease in humans. This disease may be close to being eradicated through efforts by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization. Evolution Close up of a copepod Despite their modern abundance, due to their small size and fragility, copepods are extremely rare in the fossil record. The oldest known fossils of copepods are from the late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) of Oman, around 303 million years old, which were found in a clast of bitumen from a glacial diamictite. The copepods present in the bitumen clast were likely residents of a subglacial lake which the bitumen had seeped upwards through while still liquid, before the clast subsequently solidified and was deposited by glaciers. Though most of the remains were undiagnostic, at least some likely belonged to the extant harpacticoid family Canthocamptidae, suggesting that copepods had already substantially diversified by this time. Possible microfossils of copepods are known from the Cambrian of North America. Transitions to parasitism have occurred within copepods independently at least 14 different times, with the oldest record of this being from damage to fossil echinoids done by cyclopoids from the Middle Jurassic of France, around 168 million years old. Practical aspects In marine aquaria Live copepods are used in the saltwater aquarium hobby as a food source and are generally considered beneficial in most reef tanks. They are scavengers and also may feed on algae, including coralline algae. Live copepods are popular among hobbyists who are attempting to keep particularly difficult species such as the mandarin dragonet or scooter blenny. They are also popular to hobbyists who want to breed marine species in captivity. In a saltwater aquarium, copepods are typically stocked in the refugium. Water supplies Copepods are sometimes found in public main water supplies, especially systems where the water is not mechanically filtered, such as New York City, Boston, and San Francisco. This is not usually a problem in treated water supplies. In some tropical countries, such as Peru and Bangladesh, a correlation has been found between copepods' presence and cholera in untreated water, because the cholera bacteria attach to the surfaces of planktonic animals. The larvae of the guinea worm must develop within a copepod's digestive tract before being transmitted to humans. The risk of infection with these diseases can be reduced by filtering out the copepods (and other matter), for example with a cloth filter. Copepods have been used successfully in Vietnam to control disease-bearing mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti that transmit dengue fever and other human parasitic diseases. The copepods can be added to water-storage containers where the mosquitoes breed. Copepods, primarily of the genera Mesocyclops and Macrocyclops (such as Macrocyclops albidus), can survive for periods of months in the containers, if the containers are not completely drained by their users. They attack, kill, and eat the younger first- and second-instar larvae of the mosquitoes. This biological control method is complemented by community trash removal and recycling to eliminate other possible mosquito-breeding sites. Because the water in these containers is drawn from uncontaminated sources such as rainfall, the risk of contamination by cholera bacteria is small, and in fact no cases of cholera have been linked to copepods introduced into water-storage containers. Trials using copepods to control container-breeding mosquitoes are underway in several other countries, including Thailand and the southern United States. The method, though, would be very ill-advised in areas where the guinea worm is endemic. The presence of copepods in the New York City water supply system has caused problems for some Jewish people who observe kashrut. Copepods, being crustaceans, are not kosher, nor are they quite small enough to be ignored as nonfood microscopic organisms, since some specimens can be seen with the naked eye. Hence, large specimens are certainly non-Kosher. However, some species are visible to the naked eye, but are small enough that they only appear as little white specks. These are problematic, as it is a question as to whether they are considered visible enough to be non-Kosher. When a group of rabbis in Brooklyn, New York, discovered these copepods in the summer of 2004, they triggered such debate in rabbinic circles that some observant Jews felt compelled to buy and install filters for their water. The water was ruled kosher by posek Yisrael Belsky, chief posek of the OU and one of the most scientifically literate poskim of his time. Meanwhile, Rabbi Dovid Feinstein, based on the ruling of Rabbi Yosef Shalom Elyashiv - the two widely considered to be the greatest poskim of their time - ruled it was not kosher until filtered. Several major kashrus organizations (e.g OU Kashrus and Star-K) require tap water to have filters. In popular culture The Nickelodeon television series SpongeBob SquarePants features a copepod named Sheldon J. Plankton as a recurring character. See also Crustaceans portal Hunting copepods Particle (ecology) World Association of Copepodologists References ^ Damkaer, David (2002). 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Orange County Register. Archived from the original on June 10, 2014. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Copepoda. Wikispecies has information related to Copepoda. Copepod fact sheet – Guide to the marine zooplankton of south eastern Australia Diversity and geographical distribution of pelagic copepoda Copepod World Neotropical Copepoda Database Project The World Copepod Culture Database vtePlanktonAbout plankton Algal bloom CLAW hypothesis High lipid content microalgae Holoplankton Marine microorganisms Meroplankton Mycoplankton Milky seas effect Paradox of the plankton Planktivore Planktology Red tide Spring bloom Thin layers More... 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Related topics Aeroplankton Algaculture Algal mat Algal nutrient solutions Artificial seawater Autotrophs Biological pump Diel vertical migration Dimethylsulfoniopropionate f-ratio Fish diseases and parasites Heterotroph HNLC Macroalgae Manta trawl Marine mucilage Microbial mat Ocean acidification Marine microorganisms Marine primary production Pseudoplankton Stromatolite Tychoplankton Zoid C-MORE CPR AusCPR MOCNESS SCAR vteExtant Arthropoda classes by subphylum Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Eumetazoa (unranked) Bilateria (unranked) Protostomia Superphylum Ecdysozoa Chelicerata Pycnogonida (sea spiders) Euchelicerata Merostomata (horseshoe crabs, sea scorpions) Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites) MandibulataMyriapoda Chilopoda (centipedes) Symphyla Pauropoda Diplopoda (millipedes) PancrustaceaCrustacea Ostracoda (seed shrimps) Mystacocarida Pentastomida (tongue worms) Branchiura (fish lice) Malacostraca (woodlice, shrimps, crayfish, lobsters, crabs) Thecostraca (barnacles and relatives) Copepoda Tantulocarida Cephalocarida (horseshoe shrimps) Branchiopoda (fairy, tadpole, clam shrimps, water fleas) Remipedia Hexapoda Protura (coneheads) Collembola (springtails) Diplura (two-pronged bristletails) Insecta (insects) italic are paraphyletic groups Taxon identifiersCopepoda Wikidata: Q189973 Wikispecies: Copepoda ADW: Copepoda AFD: Copepoda BioLib: 19524 BugGuide: 350314 CoL: 924G7 EoL: 2625033 EPPO: 1COPEC Fauna Europaea: 13270 Fauna Europaea (new): 40838138-995b-4ed9-b832-2ce912a41212 iNaturalist: 121643 ITIS: 85257 NCBI: 6830 NZOR: f0575d3b-d835-47d0-ba5d-8a3323d4b5bf Paleobiology Database: 22115 WoRMS: 1080 Authority control databases: National France BnF data Israel United States Latvia Japan Czech Republic
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"/ˈkoʊpəpɒd/","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English"},{"link_name":"crustaceans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustacean"},{"link_name":"freshwater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater"},{"link_name":"saltwater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltwater"},{"link_name":"habitat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_(ecology)"},{"link_name":"planktonic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plankton"},{"link_name":"benthic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthos"},{"link_name":"parasitic phases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitism"},{"link_name":"phytotelmata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytotelmata"},{"link_name":"bromeliads","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliad"},{"link_name":"pitcher plants","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitcher_plant"},{"link_name":"sinkholes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkhole"},{"link_name":"biodiversity indicators","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_indicator"},{"link_name":"larval","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larva"},{"link_name":"nauplius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustacean_larvae#Nauplius"},{"link_name":"nauplius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustacean_larva#Nauplius"},{"link_name":"zoophytes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoophyte"},{"link_name":"insects","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect"},{"link_name":"lice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lice"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Copepods (/ˈkoʊpəpɒd/; meaning \"oar-feet\") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthic (living on the sediments), a number of species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators.As with other crustaceans, copepods have a larval form. For copepods, the egg hatches into a nauplius form, with a head and a tail but no true thorax or abdomen. The larva molts several times until it resembles the adult and then, after more molts, achieves adult development. The nauplius form is so different from the adult form that it was once thought to be a separate species. The metamorphosis had, until 1832, led to copepods being misidentified as zoophytes or insects (albeit aquatic ones), or, for parasitic copepods, 'fish lice'.[1]","title":"Copepod"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"class","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_(biology)"},{"link_name":"Multicrustacea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicrustacea"},{"link_name":"Crustacea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustacean"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WoRMS-2023-2"},{"link_name":"Hexanauplia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexanauplia"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WoRMS-2019-3"},{"link_name":"orders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_(biology)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Copepods are assigned to the class Copepoda within the superclass Multicrustacea in the subphylum Crustacea.[2] An alternative treatment is as a subclass belonging to class Hexanauplia.[3] They are divided into 10 orders. Some 13,000 species of copepods are known, and 2,800 of them live in fresh water.[4]","title":"Classification and diversity"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haeckel_Copepoda.jpg"},{"link_name":"Ernst Haeckel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel"},{"link_name":"Kunstformen der Natur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstformen_der_Natur"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Corycaeus_sp..png"},{"link_name":"antennae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(biology)"},{"link_name":"exoskeleton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoskeleton"},{"link_name":"compound eye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_eye"},{"link_name":"cuticular","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuticular"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"thoracic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorax"},{"link_name":"maxillipeds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxilliped"},{"link_name":"abdomen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdomen"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IZ-8"},{"link_name":"heart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart"},{"link_name":"blood vessels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vessel"},{"link_name":"gills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gill"}],"text":"Copepods from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der NaturCopepod with two eyes of genus CorycaeusCopepods vary considerably, but are typically 1 to 2 mm (1⁄32 to 3⁄32 in) long, with a teardrop-shaped body and large antennae. Like other crustaceans, they have an armoured exoskeleton, but they are so small that in most species, this thin armour and the entire body is almost totally transparent. Some polar copepods reach 1 cm (1⁄2 in). Most copepods have a single median compound eye, usually bright red and in the centre of the transparent head. Subterranean species may be eyeless, and members of the genera Copilia and Corycaeus possess two eyes, each of which has a large anterior cuticular lens paired with a posterior internal lens to form a telescope.[5][6][7] Like other crustaceans, copepods possess two pairs of antennae; the first pair is often long and conspicuous.Free-living copepods of the orders Calanoida, Cyclopoida, and Harpacticoida typically have a short, cylindrical body, with a rounded or beaked head, although considerable variation exists in this pattern. The head is fused with the first one or two thoracic segments, while the remainder of the thorax has three to five segments, each with limbs. The first pair of thoracic appendages is modified to form maxillipeds, which assist in feeding. The abdomen is typically narrower than the thorax, and contains five segments without any appendages, except for some tail-like \"rami\" at the tip.[8] Parasitic copepods (the other seven orders) vary widely in morphology and no generalizations are possible.Because of their small size, copepods have no need of any heart or circulatory system (the members of the order Calanoida have a heart, but no blood vessels), and most also lack gills. Instead, they absorb oxygen directly into their bodies. Their excretory system consists of maxillary glands.","title":"Characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"harpacticoid copepods","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpacticoida"},{"link_name":"cyclopoid copepods","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopoida"},{"link_name":"calanoid copepods","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calanoida"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Juvenile_Clupea_harengus_feeding_on_copepods_macrophotography_video.gif"},{"link_name":"ecoSCOPE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EcoSCOPE"},{"link_name":"Atlantic herring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_herring"},{"link_name":"escape responses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_response"},{"link_name":"neurons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron"},{"link_name":"myelin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin"},{"link_name":"invertebrates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate"},{"link_name":"annelids","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annelid"},{"link_name":"malacostracan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostraca"},{"link_name":"palaemonid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaemonidae"},{"link_name":"penaeids","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeidae"},{"link_name":"Gnathostomata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnathostomata"},{"link_name":"seahorses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seahorse"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"bioluminescent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluminescence"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"three-dimensional space","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-dimensional_space"},{"link_name":"pheromones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheromone"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Reynolds number","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds_number"},{"link_name":"marine snow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_snow"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"sub_title":"Behavior","text":"The second pair of cephalic appendages in free-living copepods is usually the main time-averaged source of propulsion, beating like oars to pull the animal through the water. However, different groups have different modes of feeding and locomotion, ranging from almost immotile for several minutes (e.g. some harpacticoid copepods) to intermittent motion (e.g., some cyclopoid copepods) and continuous displacements with some escape reactions (e.g. most calanoid copepods).Slow-motion macrophotography video (50%), taken using ecoSCOPE, of juvenile Atlantic herring (38 mm) feeding on copepods – the fish approach from below and catch each copepod individually. In the middle of the image, a copepod escapes successfully to the left.Some copepods have extremely fast escape responses when a predator is sensed, and can jump with high speed over a few millimetres. Many species have neurons surrounded by myelin (for increased conduction speed), which is very rare among invertebrates (other examples are some annelids and malacostracan crustaceans like palaemonid shrimp and penaeids). Even rarer, the myelin is highly organized, resembling the well-organized wrapping found in vertebrates (Gnathostomata). Despite their fast escape response, copepods are successfully hunted by slow-swimming seahorses, which approach their prey so gradually, it senses no turbulence, then suck the copepod into their snout too suddenly for the copepod to escape.[9]Several species are bioluminescent and able to produce light. It is assumed this is an antipredatory defense mechanism.[10]Finding a mate in the three-dimensional space of open water is challenging. Some copepod females solve the problem by emitting pheromones, which leave a trail in the water that the male can follow.[11] Copepods experience a low Reynolds number and therefore a high relative viscosity. One foraging strategy involves chemical detection of sinking marine snow aggregates and taking advantage of nearby low-pressure gradients to swim quickly towards food sources.[12]","title":"Characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"phytoplankton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplankton"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"plankton blooms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom"},{"link_name":"Siphonostomatoida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphonostomatoida"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"sub_title":"Diet","text":"Most free-living copepods feed directly on phytoplankton, catching cells individually. A single copepod can consume up to 373,000 phytoplankton per day.[13] They generally have to clear the equivalent to about a million times their own body volume of water every day to cover their nutritional needs.[14] Some of the larger species are predators of their smaller relatives. Many benthic copepods eat organic detritus or the bacteria that grow in it, and their mouth parts are adapted for scraping and biting. Herbivorous copepods, particularly those in rich, cold seas, store up energy from their food as oil droplets while they feed in the spring and summer on plankton blooms. These droplets may take up over half of the volume of their bodies in polar species. Many copepods (e.g., fish lice like the Siphonostomatoida) are parasites, and feed on their host organisms. In fact, three of the 10 known orders of copepods are wholly or largely parasitic, with another three comprising most of the free-living species.[15]","title":"Characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mikrofoto.de-ruderfusskrebs10.jpg"},{"link_name":"package of sperm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatophore"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IZ-8"},{"link_name":"tail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telson"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"sub_title":"Life cycle","text":"Egg sac of a copepodMost nonparasitic copepods are holoplanktonic, meaning they stay planktonic for all of their lifecycles, although harpacticoids, although free-living, tend to be benthic rather than planktonic.\nDuring mating, the male copepod grips the female with his first pair of antennae, which is sometimes modified for this purpose. The male then produces an adhesive package of sperm and transfers it to the female's genital opening with his thoracic limbs. Eggs are sometimes laid directly into the water, but many species enclose them within a sac attached to the female's body until they hatch. In some pond-dwelling species, the eggs have a tough shell and can lie dormant for extended periods if the pond dries up.[8]Eggs hatch into nauplius larvae, which consist of a head with a small tail, but no thorax or true abdomen. The nauplius moults five or six times, before emerging as a \"copepodid larva\". This stage resembles the adult, but has a simple, unsegmented abdomen and only three pairs of thoracic limbs. After a further five moults, the copepod takes on the adult form. The entire process from hatching to adulthood can take a week to a year, depending on the species and environmental conditions such as temperature and nutrition (e.g., egg-to-adult time in the calanoid Parvocalanus crassirostris is ~7 days at 25 °C (77 °F) but 19 days at 15 °C (59 °F).[16]","title":"Characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kim-et-al-2017-17"}],"sub_title":"Biophysics","text":"Copepods jump out of the water - porpoising. The biophysics of this motion has been described by Waggett and Buskey 2007 and Kim et al 2015.[17]","title":"Characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lernaeolophus_sultanus_on_Pristipomoides_filamentosus_New_Caledonia.tif"},{"link_name":"Pristipomoides filamentosus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pristipomoides_filamentosus"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"ecology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology"},{"link_name":"carbon cycle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle"},{"link_name":"zooplankton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplankton"},{"link_name":"fish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish"},{"link_name":"dragonet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragonet"},{"link_name":"banded killifish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded_killifish"},{"link_name":"Alaska pollock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_pollock"},{"link_name":"krill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krill"},{"link_name":"biomass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Antarctic krill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_krill"},{"link_name":"polynyas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynya"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pity-20"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Acanthochondria_cornuta_on_flounder.jpg"},{"link_name":"Acanthochondria cornuta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthochondria_cornuta"},{"link_name":"flounder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flounder"},{"link_name":"North Sea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea"},{"link_name":"secondary productivity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_productivity"},{"link_name":"carbon sink","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_sink"},{"link_name":"human carbon emissions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas"},{"link_name":"dense","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"exoskeletons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoskeleton"},{"link_name":"faecal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feces"},{"link_name":"respiration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiration_(physiology)"},{"link_name":"carbon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon"},{"link_name":"parasitic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasite"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"}],"text":"Lernaeolophus sultanus (Pennellidae), parasite of the fish Pristipomoides filamentosus, scale: each division = 1 mm [18]Planktonic copepods are important to global ecology and the carbon cycle. They are usually the dominant members of the zooplankton, and are major food organisms for small fish such as the dragonet, banded killifish, Alaska pollock, and other crustaceans such as krill in the ocean and in fresh water. Some scientists say they form the largest animal biomass on earth.[19] Copepods compete for this title with Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). C. glacialis inhabits the edge of the Arctic icepack, especially in polynyas where light (and photosynthesis) is present, in which they alone comprise up to 80% of zooplankton biomass. They bloom as the ice recedes each spring. The ongoing large reduction in the annual ice pack minimum may force them to compete in the open ocean with the much less nourishing C. finmarchicus, which is spreading from the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea into the Barents Sea.[20]Acanthochondria cornuta, an ectoparasite on flounder in the North SeaBecause of their smaller size and relatively faster growth rates, and because they are more evenly distributed throughout more of the world's oceans, copepods almost certainly contribute far more to the secondary productivity of the world's oceans, and to the global ocean carbon sink than krill, and perhaps more than all other groups of organisms together. The surface layers of the oceans are believed to be the world's largest carbon sink, absorbing about 2 billion tons of carbon a year, the equivalent to perhaps a third of human carbon emissions, thus reducing their impact. Many planktonic copepods feed near the surface at night, then sink (by changing oils into more dense fats)[21][22] into deeper water during the day to avoid visual predators. Their moulted exoskeletons, faecal pellets, and respiration at depth all bring carbon to the deep sea.About half of the estimated 14,000 described species of copepods are parasitic[23]\n[24] and many have adapted extremely modified bodies for their parasitic lifestyles.[25]\nThey attach themselves to bony fish, sharks, marine mammals, and many kinds of invertebrates such as corals, other crustaceans, molluscs, sponges, and tunicates. They also live as ectoparasites on some freshwater fish.[26]","title":"Ecology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"dinoflagellates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinoflagellate"},{"link_name":"Blastodinium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastodinium"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-name-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-name1-28"},{"link_name":"Blastodinium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastodinium"},{"link_name":"Mediterranean Sea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-name-27"},{"link_name":"dinospore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinospore"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-name2-29"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-name1-28"},{"link_name":"chloroplasts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"Atlantic coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-name2-29"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-name2-29"},{"link_name":"respiration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiration_(physiology)"},{"link_name":"photosynthetic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetic"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-name1-28"},{"link_name":"ovaries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovary"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"marine ecosystems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_ecosystems"},{"link_name":"marine biogeochemical cycles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_biogeochemical_cycles"},{"link_name":"Cyclops","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclops_(genus)"},{"link_name":"Guinea worm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_worm"},{"link_name":"Dracunculus medinensis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracunculus_medinensis"},{"link_name":"nematode","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematode"},{"link_name":"dracunculiasis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracunculiasis"},{"link_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention"},{"link_name":"World Health Organization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"}],"sub_title":"Copepods as parasitic hosts","text":"In addition to being parasites themselves, copepods are subject to parasitic infection. The most common parasites are marine dinoflagellates of the genus Blastodinium, which are gut parasites of many copepod species.[27][28] Twelve species of Blastodinium are described, the majority of which were discovered in the Mediterranean Sea.[27] Most Blastodinium species infect several different hosts, but species-specific infection of copepods does occur. Generally, adult copepod females and juveniles are infected.During the naupliar stage, the copepod host ingests the unicellular dinospore of the parasite. The dinospore is not digested and continues to grow inside the intestinal lumen of the copepod. Eventually, the parasite divides into a multicellular arrangement called a trophont.[29] This trophont is considered parasitic, contains thousands of cells, and can be several hundred micrometers in length.[28] The trophont is greenish to brownish in color as a result of well-defined chloroplasts. At maturity, the trophont ruptures and Blastodinium spp. are released from the copepod anus as free dinospore cells. Not much is known about the dinospore stage of Blastodinium and its ability to persist outside of the copepod host in relatively high abundances.[30]The copepod Calanus finmarchicus, which dominates the northeastern Atlantic coast, has been shown to be greatly infected by this parasite. A 2014 study in this region found up to 58% of collected C. finmarchicus females to be infected.[29] In this study, Blastodinium-infected females had no measurable feeding rate over a 24-hour period. This is compared to uninfected females which, on average, ate 2.93 × 104 cells per day.[29] Blastodinium-infected females of C. finmarchicus exhibited characteristic signs of starvation, including decreased respiration, fecundity, and fecal pellet production. Though photosynthetic, Blastodinium spp. procure most of their energy from organic material in the copepod gut, thus contributing to host starvation.[28] Underdeveloped or disintegrated ovaries and decreased fecal pellet size are a direct result of starvation in female copepods.[31] Parasitic infection by Blastodinium spp. could have serious ramifications on the success of copepod species and the function of entire marine ecosystems. Blastodinium parasitism is not lethal, but has negative impacts on copepod physiology, which in turn may alter marine biogeochemical cycles.Freshwater copepods of the Cyclops genus are the intermediate host of the Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis), the nematode that causes dracunculiasis disease in humans. This disease may be close to being eradicated through efforts by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization.[32]","title":"Ecology"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aerjalgne.jpg"},{"link_name":"Carboniferous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferous"},{"link_name":"Pennsylvanian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvanian_(geology)"},{"link_name":"Oman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman"},{"link_name":"bitumen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitumen"},{"link_name":"diamictite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamictite"},{"link_name":"subglacial lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subglacial_lake"},{"link_name":"Canthocamptidae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canthocamptidae"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"Cambrian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrian"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"echinoids","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_urchin"},{"link_name":"Jurassic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"}],"text":"Close up of a copepodDespite their modern abundance, due to their small size and fragility, copepods are extremely rare in the fossil record. The oldest known fossils of copepods are from the late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) of Oman, around 303 million years old, which were found in a clast of bitumen from a glacial diamictite. The copepods present in the bitumen clast were likely residents of a subglacial lake which the bitumen had seeped upwards through while still liquid, before the clast subsequently solidified and was deposited by glaciers. Though most of the remains were undiagnostic, at least some likely belonged to the extant harpacticoid family Canthocamptidae, suggesting that copepods had already substantially diversified by this time.[33] Possible microfossils of copepods are known from the Cambrian of North America.[34][35] Transitions to parasitism have occurred within copepods independently at least 14 different times, with the oldest record of this being from damage to fossil echinoids done by cyclopoids from the Middle Jurassic of France, around 168 million years old.[36]","title":"Evolution"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Practical aspects"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"coralline algae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coralline_algae"},{"link_name":"mandarin dragonet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_dragonet"},{"link_name":"scooter blenny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_blenny"},{"link_name":"refugium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugium_(fishkeeping)"}],"sub_title":"In marine aquaria","text":"Live copepods are used in the saltwater aquarium hobby as a food source and are generally considered beneficial in most reef tanks. They are scavengers and also may feed on algae, including coralline algae. Live copepods are popular among hobbyists who are attempting to keep particularly difficult species such as the mandarin dragonet or scooter blenny. They are also popular to hobbyists who want to breed marine species in captivity. In a saltwater aquarium, copepods are typically stocked in the refugium.","title":"Practical aspects"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-timesept2010-37"},{"link_name":"New York City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"Boston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston"},{"link_name":"San Francisco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-timesjul2006-38"},{"link_name":"Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru"},{"link_name":"Bangladesh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh"},{"link_name":"cholera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera"},{"link_name":"guinea worm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_worm"},{"link_name":"cloth filter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloth_filter"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"Vietnam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam"},{"link_name":"mosquitoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquitoes"},{"link_name":"Aedes aegypti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedes_aegypti"},{"link_name":"dengue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue"},{"link_name":"human parasitic diseases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_humans"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-timesept2010-37"},{"link_name":"Mesocyclops","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesocyclops"},{"link_name":"Macrocyclops albidus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrocyclops_albidus"},{"link_name":"instar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instar"},{"link_name":"biological control","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_control"},{"link_name":"Thailand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"why?","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify"},{"link_name":"New York City water supply system","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_water_supply_system"},{"link_name":"Jewish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish"},{"link_name":"kashrut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashrut"},{"link_name":"rabbis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbis"},{"link_name":"Brooklyn, New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"posek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posek"},{"link_name":"Yisrael Belsky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yisrael_Belsky"},{"link_name":"OU","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Union"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"},{"link_name":"Dovid Feinstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dovid_Feinstein"},{"link_name":"Yosef Shalom Elyashiv","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosef_Shalom_Elyashiv"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"OU Kashrus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Union_Kosher"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"Star-K","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star-K"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"}],"sub_title":"Water supplies","text":"Copepods are sometimes found in public main water supplies, especially systems where the water is not mechanically filtered,[37] such as New York City, Boston, and San Francisco.[38] This is not usually a problem in treated water supplies. In some tropical countries, such as Peru and Bangladesh, a correlation has been found between copepods' presence and cholera in untreated water, because the cholera bacteria attach to the surfaces of planktonic animals. The larvae of the guinea worm must develop within a copepod's digestive tract before being transmitted to humans. The risk of infection with these diseases can be reduced by filtering out the copepods (and other matter), for example with a cloth filter.[39]Copepods have been used successfully in Vietnam to control disease-bearing mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti that transmit dengue fever and other human parasitic diseases.[40][41]The copepods can be added to water-storage containers where the mosquitoes breed.[37] Copepods, primarily of the genera Mesocyclops and Macrocyclops (such as Macrocyclops albidus), can survive for periods of months in the containers, if the containers are not completely drained by their users. They attack, kill, and eat the younger first- and second-instar larvae of the mosquitoes. This biological control method is complemented by community trash removal and recycling to eliminate other possible mosquito-breeding sites. Because the water in these containers is drawn from uncontaminated sources such as rainfall, the risk of contamination by cholera bacteria is small, and in fact no cases of cholera have been linked to copepods introduced into water-storage containers. Trials using copepods to control container-breeding mosquitoes are underway in several other countries, including Thailand and the southern United States. The method, though, would be very ill-advised in areas where the guinea worm is endemic.[why?]The presence of copepods in the New York City water supply system has caused problems for some Jewish people who observe kashrut. Copepods, being crustaceans, are not kosher, nor are they quite small enough to be ignored as nonfood microscopic organisms, since some specimens can be seen with the naked eye. Hence, large specimens are certainly non-Kosher. However, some species are visible to the naked eye, but are small enough that they only appear as little white specks. These are problematic, as it is a question as to whether they are considered visible enough to be non-Kosher.When a group of rabbis in Brooklyn, New York, discovered these copepods in the summer of 2004, they triggered such debate in rabbinic circles that some observant Jews felt compelled to buy and install filters for their water.[42] The water was ruled kosher by posek Yisrael Belsky, chief posek of the OU and one of the most scientifically literate poskim of his time.[43] Meanwhile, Rabbi Dovid Feinstein, based on the ruling of Rabbi Yosef Shalom Elyashiv - the two widely considered to be the greatest poskim of their time - ruled it was not kosher until filtered.[44] Several major kashrus organizations (e.g OU Kashrus[45] and Star-K[46]) require tap water to have filters.","title":"Practical aspects"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Nickelodeon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickelodeon"},{"link_name":"SpongeBob SquarePants","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpongeBob_SquarePants"},{"link_name":"Sheldon J. Plankton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plankton_and_Karen"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"}],"sub_title":"In popular culture","text":"The Nickelodeon television series SpongeBob SquarePants features a copepod named Sheldon J. Plankton as a recurring character.[47]","title":"Practical aspects"}]
[{"image_text":"Copepods from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Haeckel_Copepoda.jpg/170px-Haeckel_Copepoda.jpg"},{"image_text":"Copepod with two eyes of genus Corycaeus","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Corycaeus_sp..png/170px-Corycaeus_sp..png"},{"image_text":"Slow-motion macrophotography video (50%), taken using ecoSCOPE, of juvenile Atlantic herring (38 mm) feeding on copepods – the fish approach from below and catch each copepod individually. In the middle of the image, a copepod escapes successfully to the left.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Juvenile_Clupea_harengus_feeding_on_copepods_macrophotography_video.gif"},{"image_text":"Egg sac of a copepod","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mikrofoto.de-ruderfusskrebs10.jpg/220px-Mikrofoto.de-ruderfusskrebs10.jpg"},{"image_text":"Lernaeolophus sultanus (Pennellidae), parasite of the fish Pristipomoides filamentosus, scale: each division = 1 mm [18]","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Lernaeolophus_sultanus_on_Pristipomoides_filamentosus_New_Caledonia.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Lernaeolophus_sultanus_on_Pristipomoides_filamentosus_New_Caledonia.tif.jpg"},{"image_text":"Acanthochondria cornuta, an ectoparasite on flounder in the North Sea","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Acanthochondria_cornuta_on_flounder.jpg/220px-Acanthochondria_cornuta_on_flounder.jpg"},{"image_text":"Close up of a copepod","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Aerjalgne.jpg/220px-Aerjalgne.jpg"}]
[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charybdis_japonica.jpg"},{"title":"Crustaceans portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Crustaceans"},{"title":"Hunting copepods","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunting_copepods"},{"title":"Particle (ecology)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_(ecology)"},{"title":"World Association of Copepodologists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Association_of_Copepodologists"}]
[{"reference":"Damkaer, David (2002). The Copepod's Cabinet: A Biographical and Bibliographical History. American Philosophical Society. ISBN 9780871692405.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TgUNAAAAIAAJ/page/n135/mode/2up?q=vermes","url_text":"The Copepod's Cabinet: A Biographical and Bibliographical History"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871692405","url_text":"9780871692405"}]},{"reference":"World of Copepods Database. Walter, T.C.; Boxshall, G. (eds.). \"Copepoda\". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1080","url_text":"\"Copepoda\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species","url_text":"World Register of Marine Species"}]},{"reference":"\"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Copepoda\". www.marinespecies.org. 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Schwab (2012). Evolution's Witness: How Eyes Evolved. Oxford University Press. p. 231. ISBN 9780195369748.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=8_U-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA231","url_text":"Evolution's Witness: How Eyes Evolved"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press","url_text":"Oxford University Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195369748","url_text":"9780195369748"}]},{"reference":"Charles B. Miller (2004). Biological Oceanography. John Wiley & Sons. p. 122. 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Barnes (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 683–692. ISBN 978-0-03-056747-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania","url_text":"Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-056747-6","url_text":"978-0-03-056747-6"}]},{"reference":"\"Seahorses stalk their prey by stealth\". BBC News. November 26, 2013. Archived from the original on November 22, 2017. Retrieved June 20, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25103455","url_text":"\"Seahorses stalk their prey by stealth\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171122144106/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25103455","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"David B. Dusenbery (2009). Living at Micro Scale. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 306. 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Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg. Archived from the original on May 26, 2010. Retrieved December 8, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100526164720/http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/zoomorphology/Biologyintro.html","url_text":"\"Biology of Copepods: An Introduction\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky_University_of_Oldenburg","url_text":"Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg"},{"url":"http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/zoomorphology/Biologyintro.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Biodiversity: Pity the copepod\". The Economist. June 16, 2012. pp. 8–9. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-19.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.economist.com/node/21556804","url_text":"\"Biodiversity: Pity the copepod\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120618000653/http://www.economist.com/node/21556804","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"David W. Pond; Geraint A. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharks_(rugby_club)
Sharks (rugby union)
["1 History","2 The Sharks brand","3 Stadium","4 Region","5 Current squad","6 Coaches","6.1 History","6.2 Head coaches","6.3 First team coaching staff","7 Captains","8 Individual records","9 Honours","9.1 Minor Honours","10 References","11 Bibliography","12 External links"]
This article is about the United Rugby Championship franchise. For the provincial union, see Sharks (Currie Cup). For the English team, see Sale Sharks. Rugby teamThe SharksFull nameThe SharksUnionSouth African Rugby UnionEmblem(s)SharkFounded1890 (Natal Rugby Union) 1995 (Sharks franchise) LocationDurban, KwaZulu-Natal, South AfricaRegionKwaZulu-NatalGround(s)Hollywoodbets Kings Park Stadium (Capacity: 54,000)CEOEduard CoetzeeDirector of RugbyNeil PowellCoach(es)John PlumtreeCaptain(s)Lukhanyo AmMost appearancesTendai Mtawarira (159)Top scorerCurwin Bosch (872)Most triesJP Pietersen, Lwazi Mvovo (37)League(s)United Rugby Championship2023–2414th overall 4th South African Shield 1st kit 2nd kit Official websitesharksrugby.co.za The Sharks (known as the Hollywoodbets Sharks as they are their title sponsor) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Durban in KwaZulu-Natal. They compete internationally in the United Rugby Championship and EPCR Challenge Cup, having competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They are centred on the Sharks union, also based in Durban and drawing players from all of KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape. The team plays its home matches at the Hollywoodbets Kings Park Stadium in Durban. In 1993–1995 South Africa was represented in the Super 10 by their three top unions (top three teams from the previous years Currie Cup). Natal (as they were called then) qualified in 1993 and 1994. Natal were runners-up in 1994 after having lost to Queensland 21–10 in the final. In 1996 and 1997 South Africa was represented in the Super 12 by their four top unions rather than franchises, and Natal qualified and competed both years. They have never won the Super Rugby competition, but have reached the final four times, as Natal in 1996 and as the Sharks in 2001, 2007 and 2012. The side sports many Springbok players, including Ox Nche, Makazole Mapimpi, Lukhanyo Am, Eben Etzebeth and Bongi Mbonambi. They have also featured many international stars including France international Frédéric Michalak and former Australian International Ben Tapuai. Four times Super Rugby runners-up, in May 2024, Sharks finally won their first major honour, and became the first South African team to ever win a European trophy, by defeating Gloucester Rugby in the final of the 2023–24 EPCR Challenge Cup at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium. History Natal competed in the inaugural Super 10 during the 1993 season. They were in Pool A along with Auckland, Western Samoa, Queensland and Otago. They finished second in the pool on 12 points, behind Auckland on 16. The next season they played in Pool B with New South Wales, Western Samoa, Auckland and Waikato, and finished at the top of the pool to face Pool A winners Queensland in the final in Durban. Natal lost the game 21 to 10. Natal did not play in the 1995 series. The Sharks' Currie Cup team played in the first Super 12 season, in 1996. After 11 games the Sharks finished fourth in the final standings, enough to get them through to the finals. They defeated Queensland at Ballymore 43 to 25 to get into the first Super 12 championship game. They finished inaugural runners-up, losing to Auckland 45 to 21 in Auckland. The following season Natal finished fourth once again, but lost their semi-final against Auckland. In 1998 the Coastal Sharks (as the team was now styled) won 7 of their 11 games, and finished in their best position yet, third place. They were however defeated by the Crusaders in the semi-finals. The following season the Sharks missed the finals, finishing 7th. In 2000 the Sharks finished last in the final standings. However the next season they came second – at the time their best ever finish – and after defeating the Cats, went to Canberra for the final, which they lost against the Brumbies. In 2002 the Sharks missed the finals after finishing 10th on the season table. The following season they came 11th. 2004 was a better season for the team, coming in at 7th after the regular season. However, in 2005 saw them slump to 12th. Sharks playing Cats (now Lions) in 2006 In 2006, the Super 12 was expanded and became the Super 14. In the first Super 14 season the Sharks narrowly missed the finals, missing out on a 4th-place finish on points difference. In 2007 they were top of the table and became the first South African side to host a Super 12 or 14 final. The Sharks fought hard in the final but lost to the Bulls after a try by Bryan Habana. In 2011 the Super Rugby competition was expanded again to feature an additional team from Australia changing the competition to the Super Rugby tournament. The 2012 season saw the Sharks struggle in the first few weeks, but a run of good form saw them lose only one of their last seven games to sneak into the playoffs in 6th position. They had to travel to Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane, Australia for the qualifier against The Reds, whom they beat 30–17 to reach the semi-finals. They then had to travel another 11 000 km back to Cape Town to face the Stormers, they were not given much of a chance after having crossed the Indian for the second time in as many weeks, but again they prevailed 26–19. Having beaten the Crusaders in the other semi-final, the Chiefs claimed home ground advantage for the final. After travelling over the Indian yet again (the third time in three weeks, 55 000 km travelled in total) to Hamilton, the Sharks met the Chiefs for the final, but the fairytale was not to be, and they were defeated 37-6 by the Chiefs, who claimed their first ever Super Rugby title. The Sharks did manage to win the South African Conference and trophy once in 2014. However, after the then Director of Rugby Jake White left the club to take up a coaching role at Montpellier he left his assistant coach Brad McLeod-Henderson in charge of the Super Rugby side. After a disastrous 2015 season finishing 11th, McLeod-Henderson left the Sharks and was replaced by Gary Gold. Gold only lasting one year at the team, however the Sharks managed a four-year run of quarter final finishes between 2016 and 2019. The Sharks lead the 2020 season on 24 points having played 7 games with the Crusaders and Brumbies both on 23 points having played 6 games. The season was cut short due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and was never completed. With the Covid pandemic limiting travel, regional Super Rugby tournaments were hosted, with the South African sides taking part in Super Rugby Unlocked. The tournament was heavily affected by the pandemic and several games were cancelled, nonetheless the Sharks managed a third-place finish. It was announced in 2021 that the South African franchises would leave Super Rugby, and that South Africa would be represented by the 4 top franchises in the newly renamed United Rugby Championship. Due to the pandemic still causing problems for international travel another temporary regional tournament was announced, called the Pro14 Rainbow Cup. The South African sides competed in the 'Rainbow Cup SA'. The Sharks finished second behind the Bulls who went on to lose against the European leg winners, Benetton Treviso. The Sharks played their first official URC game against Munster in Ireland on 25 September 2021. In 2021 it was announced that an American consortium under the name 'MVM Holdings' in partnership with Roc Nation, an entertainment agency owned by rapper JayZ, would buy a 51% majority stake in the Sharks franchise. Roc Nation later aided in the purchase of the English side Saracens by a consortium of investors. The Sharks brand After being informally called the Banana Boys or Piesangboere for a substantial length of time it was decided in 1995 that Natal would go ahead with new branding – The Sharks. This brand was conceived, presented and initially executed by Terry Kukle of Tag International Media. The Sharks mascot Sharkie was launched in 1995. To achieve this a substantial budget was allocated to refine this vision that would include the match facilities, the pre-and post-match activities and the team. The local press at first were very hesitant to accept the new name and branding and fans were polarised by the radical proposed change that flew in the face of rugby tradition and convention. After much controversy in the media (which very rapidly brought the proposed brand to everyone's attention) and a very successful season supported by great products and promotions, the Sharks were embraced by all. The Sharks' marketing has been widely acknowledged in marketing and rugby circles as best practice and included as a successful case study in many marketing textbooks. There was initially significant resistance from many quarters. This resistance was ascribed to the traditional attitudes of the rugby-loving stakeholders. However, the strategy was successful and the success of the marketing has been widely acknowledged. Crowd attendances, merchandising, suite holder and season ticket sales have all been very successful. The brand is now internationally recognised and the branding strategy is reaping dividends for all its stakeholders. As a result, since the mid-1990s the Sharks have become one of the most well-recognised and popular unions in the South African rugby landscape. The Sharks are well supported across South Africa, with sizable fan bases in all major cities including Johannesburg, Pretoria, Port Elizabeth and Cape Town. Most of their supporters however live in KwaZulu-Natal Province, particularly in and around Durban and Pietermaritzburg. Stadium Kings Park Stadium, the home of the Sharks Hollywoodbets Kings Park Stadium in Durban is the home ground of The Sharks. It is locally known as "The Shark Tank". It currently has a capacity of 54,000. In addition to being the home of the Sharks, it is also used during the Currie Cup for the Sharks. The ground was originally built in 1968, but have been worked on numerous times. A major upgrade occurred for the 1995 Rugby World Cup. Region When the Super Rugby franchise system was launched in South Africa in 1998, the team was called the Coastal Sharks and covered the KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces, therefore drawing players from the Sharks, Border Bulldogs and Mighty Elephants Currie Cup teams. This lasted until 2005, when the Eastern Cape attempted to launch their own Super Rugby franchise, the Southern Spears. That meant that the Border Bulldogs and Mighty Elephants teams were aligned with the Spears (and later Southern Kings) franchise and the Sharks were effectively affiliated with one provincial union only, namely KwaZulu-Natal. Current squad For player movements before or during the 2024–25 season, see List of 2024–25 United Rugby Championship transfers § Sharks. The Sharks squad for the 2024–25 United Rugby Championship is: Sharks United Rugby Championship squad Props Dian Bleuler Hanro Jacobs Vincent Koch Ntuthuko Mchunu Khwezi Mona Ox Nché Trevor Nyakane Coenie Oosthuizen Ig Prinsloo Braam Reyneke Hookers Dan Jooste Fez Mbatha Bongi Mbonambi Dylan Richardson Locks Tom Dyer Eben Etzebeth Gerbrandt Grobler Reniel Hugo Jason Jenkins Corne Rahl Emile van Heerden Loose forwards Phepsi Buthelezi George Cronjé Marco de Witt Nick Hatton Jeandre Labuschagne Tinotenda Mavesere Emmanuel Tshituka Vincent Tshituka James Venter Scrum-halves Bradley Davids Tiaan Fourie Jaden Hendrikse Grant Williams Cameron Wright Fly-halves Jordan Hendrikse Siya Masuku Centres Lukhanyo Am Diego Appollis André Esterhuizen Ethan Hooker Francois Venter Wingers Eduan Keyter Makazole Mapimpi Yaw Penxe Marnus Potgieter Fullbacks Muller du Plessis Aphelele Fassi (c) Denotes team captain, Bold denotes internationally capped, ST denotes a short-term signing. Coaches History The Sharks were coached by Former Springbok coach Ian McIntosh between 1996 and 1999, with Hugh Reece-Edwards as his assistant. In 2000, Reece-Edwards took over as coach with Jake White and Allister Coetzee as assistants. All three were replaced the following year however, as Rudolf Straeuli was appointed coach, with Kobus van der Merwe as his assistant. In 2002, Clinton Isaacs replaced Van der Merwe as Straeuli's assistant. Kevin Putt was appointed as Straeuli's replacement when he was appointed Springbok coach, with Theo van Rensburg as assistant. Dick Muir replaced Putt in 2006 and pulled in John Plumtree as his assistant. Plumtree took over the head coaching position for the 2007 Currie Cup, whilst Muir took time off to add to his qualifications and learn from some of the most successful coaches in rugby history, such as Sir Clive Woodward. Muir took The Sharks to the 2007 Super 14 final at home and was later seconded as an assistant coach to Peter de Villiers with the national side. John Plumtree took over as full-time coach in 2008 where he found immediate success, taking the Sharks to their first Currie Cup title since 1996 when they defeated the Blue Bulls in Durban. He repeated that feat in 2010 when his team beat Western Province in the Kings Park final. Following their Super Rugby Final's appearance in 2012, the Sharks produced a lacklustre season in 2013, finishing 8th on the combined log and 4th of 5 teams in the South African division. Plumtree's final season as Sharks coach was marred by a roster depleted of injuries and perceived tactical challenges. Soon after the Sharks' appointment of former Springbok and Sharks captain John Smit as team CEO in mid 2013, news reports emerged that White had contacted former Springbok Brendan Venter to assume a short-term coaching role for the Sharks. Following days of media reports speculating on Plumtree's job security, the Sharks announced that Plumtree would not be brought back following the end of the Super Rugby Campaign. Venter was soon appointed as the Director of Rugby for the 2013 Currie Cup campaign, with coaches Brad McLeod-Henderson (forwards) and Sean Everitt (backs) assuming the day-to-day coaching responsibilities. Following the end of the Sharks' successful 2013 Currie Cup campaign, Venter stepped down as Director of Rugby. Former Springboks' coach Jake White, looking to return to coaching in South Africa, was soon hired to succeed Venter as the Sharks' Director of Rugby and Super Rugby coach, with McLeod-Henderson and Everitt remaining as his full-time assistant coaches. At the end of 2014 White resigned as Super Rugby coach and Director of Rugby, and former Kobelco Steelers coach Gary Gold was hired as Head Coach and Super Rugby coach for the 2015 Super Rugby Season. McLeod-Henderson resigned after a poor Super Rugby Campaign and Gary Gold assumed the reigns as Currie Cup coach for 2015, Director of Rugby and the Super Rugby coach for 2016. Towards the end of 2016 Gary Gold left the Sharks and assistant coach Robert du Preez became coach for the 2016 Currie Cup campaign, as well as the Super Rugby coach from 2017. Du Preez would lead the Sharks to the quarter-finals of Super Rugby for three consecutive years, but did not manage to progress beyond that stage. For the 2020 season, du Preez stepped down and Sean Everitt was appointed head coach, with David Williams (backline and attack) and Brent Janse van Rensburg (forwards) as his assistants. On the 28th of November 2022 the Sharks played in a 0-35 home defeat to the Welsh side Cardiff. This marked the first time in franchise history the Sharks had failed to score a single point in a home game. Something the provincial Currie Cup side had also never done in the professional era. The last game in which the provincial side had failed to score a point at home was in 1972 against England. The following day it was announced that then head coach Sean Everitt would be stepping down with immediate effect, and director of rugby Neil Powell would take over all of the responsibilities. At the end of the 2022–23 season, it was announced that John Plumtree would be returning to the Sharks for the forthcoming season, once again as head coach, with Powell returning to the role of Director of Rugby. Head coaches Name Tenure Win% Ian McIntosh 1996–1999 50.0% Hugh Reece-Edwards 2000 9.0% Rudolf Straeuli 2001–2002 52.38 Kevin Putt 2002–2005 40.91% Dick Muir 2006–2007 45.2% John Plumtree 2008–2013 58.90% Jake White 2014 68.75% Gary Gold 2015–2016 50.0% Robert du Preez 2017–2019 48.9% Sean Everitt 2020–2022 61.36% Neil Powell 2022–2023 52.6% John Plumtree 2023– 42.30% First team coaching staff Name Title Neil Powell Director of Rugby John Plumtree Head coach Joey Mongalo Defence coach Dave Williams Attack coach Warren Whiteley Forwards coach Philip Lemmer Forwards coach Phiwe Nomlomo Kicking and exits Captains Gary Teichmann (1996–99) Wayne Fyvie (2000) Mark Andrews (2001–02) Shaun Sowerby (2003) John Smit (2004–11) Johann Muller (2008–10) Stefan Terblanche (2010–11) Keegan Daniel (2011–13) Bismarck du Plessis (2014–15) Marco Wentzel (2015) Patrick Lambie (2016) Tendai Mtawarira (2016) Tera Mtembu (2017) Philip van der Walt (2017) Ruan Botha (2018) Louis Schreuder (2019) Tera Mtembu (2019) Jeremy Ward (2019) Lukhanyo Am (2020-) Phepsi Buthelezi (2021-) Siya Kolisi (2022-23) Thomas du Toit (2022) James Venter (2022) Reniel Hugo (2023-24) Francois Venter (2023-24) Bongi Mbonambi (2024) Eben Etzebeth (2024) Individual records Most matches in a career: 159 (Tendai Mtawarira) Most points in a match: 50 (Gavin Lawless, v Highlanders, 1997) Most points in a season: 193 (Patrick Lambie, 2011) Most points in a career: 872 (Curwin Bosch) Most tries in a match: 4 (Gavin Lawless, v Highlanders, 1997)(Stefan Terblanche, v Chiefs, 1998) Most tries in a season: 13 (James Small, 1996) Most tries in a career: 37 (JP Pietersen)(Lwazi Mvovo) Most conversions in a match: 9 (Gavin Lawless, v Highlanders, 1997) Most conversions in a season: 41 (Curwin Bosch, 2022/2023) Most conversions in a career: 179 (Curwin Bosch) Most penalty goals in a match: 7 (Gavin Lawless, v NSW Waratahs, 1997)(Patrick Lambie, v Crusaders, 2013)(Robert du Preez, v Blues, 2018) Most penalty goals in a season: 43 (Patrick Lambie, 2013)(François Steyn, 2014) Most penalty goals in a career: 166 (Patrick Lambie) Most drop goals in a match: 3 (Boeta Chamberlain vs Ospreys, 2021) Most drop goals in a season: 4 (François Steyn, 2007)(Boeta Chamberlain, 2021/2022) Most drop goals in a career: 8 (François Steyn) Honours Challenge Cup Winners: (1) 2023/24 Champions Cup Quarter-finalists (1): 2022/23 United Rugby Championship Quarter-finalists (2): 2021/22, 2022/23 Super Rugby Runners-up (4): 1996, 2001, 2007, 2012 Semi-finalists (4): 1997, 1998, 2008, 2014 Quarter-finalists (4): 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Qualifying-finalists (1): 2011 Conference Winners (1): 2014 Super 10 Runners-up (1): 1994 Minor Honours Toyota Challenge Runners-up (1): 2021 World Club 10s Third Place (2): 2016, 2018 References ^ "Sharks Join URC". BBC Sport. Retrieved 7 May 2022. ^ "SharksvsMunster". Sky Sports. Retrieved 7 May 2022. ^ "Roc Nation Share Purchase". kaya959.co.za. 2 February 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2022. ^ Mairs, Gavin (October 2021). "Roc Nation Saracens". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 7 May 2022. ^ "Senior Squad Archives". Sharks. Retrieved 11 November 2023. ^ "Sharks confirm coaching lineup, with Sean Everitt taking over as Super Rugby coach". sarugbymag.co.za. 2 September 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2021. ^ "Loss to Cardiff". News24. Retrieved 28 November 2022. ^ "Sean Everitt steps down". News24. Retrieved 28 November 2022. ^ "THE SHARKS MEDIA RELEASE - SHARKS COACHING ANNOUNCEMENT". The Sharks. 4 May 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023. Bibliography Howitt, Bob (2005). SANZAR Saga – Ten Years of Super 12 and Tri-Nations Rugby. Harper Collins Publishers. ISBN 1-86950-566-2. McIlraith, Matt (2005). Ten Years of Super 12. Hodder Moa. ISBN 1-86971-025-8. Stat source: https://all.rugby External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sharks (rugby). Official website vteSharks – current squadForwards Dian Bleuler Phepsi Buthelezi George Cronjé Marco de Witt Tom Dyer Eben Etzebeth Gerbrandt Grobler Nick Hatton Reniel Hugo Hanro Jacobs Dan Jooste Vincent Koch Jeandre Labuschagne Tinotenda Mavesere Fez Mbatha Bongi Mbonambi Ntuthuko Mchunu Khwezi Mona Ox Nché Coenie Oosthuizen Ig Prinsloo Corne Rahl Braam Reyneke Dylan Richardson Vincent Tshituka Emile van Heerden James Venter Backs Lukhanyo Am Diego Appollis Bradley Davids Muller du Plessis Aphelele Fassi Tiaan Fourie Jaden Hendrikse Ethan Hooker Eduan Keyter Makazole Mapimpi Siya Masuku Yaw Penxe Marnus Potgieter Francois Venter Grant Williams Cameron Wright Director of Rugby Neil Powell vteUnited Rugby ChampionshipSeasonsCeltic League 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 Celtic Cup 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 Pro12 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 Pro14 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2020–21 Pro14 Rainbow Cup United Rugby Championship 2021–22 2022–23 2023–24 TeamsActive Benetton Bulls Cardiff Connacht Dragons Edinburgh Glasgow Warriors Leinster Lions Munster Ospreys Scarlets Sharks Stormers Ulster Zebre Parma Former Bridgend Caerphilly Cardiff RFC Cheetahs Ebbw Vale Llanelli Neath Newport Pontypridd Swansea Defunct Aironi Border Reivers Celtic Warriors Southern Kings Grounds Aviva Stadium Cape Town Stadium Cardiff Arms Park Edinburgh Rugby Stadium Ellis Park Stadium Galway Sportsgrounds Musgrave Park Ravenhill Stadium Kings Park Stadium Loftus Versfeld Stadium Mapei Stadium – Città del Tricolore Murrayfield Stadium Parc y Scarlets RDS Arena Rodney Parade Scotstoun Stadium Stadio Comunale di Monigo Stadio Sergio Lanfranchi Swansea.com Stadium Thomond Park Grand Finals 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Player movements 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2020–21 2021–22 2022–23 2023–24 2024–25 vteSuper Rugby SANZAAR Champions Records Centurions Franchise areas Stadiums Trophy Super W Super Rugby Aupiki TeamsCurrent teams Blues Brumbies Chiefs Crusaders Drua Force Highlanders Hurricanes Moana Pasifika Rebels Reds Waratahs Former teams Bulls Cats Cheetahs Griquas Jaguares Lions Pumas Sharks Southern Kings Stormers Sunwolves Super 12 seasons 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Super 14 seasons 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Super Rugby seasons 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 (AU, NZ, SA) 2021 (AU, NZ, TT) Super Rugby Pacific seasons 2022 2023 2024 Super Rugby finals 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Player transfers 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2020–21 2021–22 2022–23 (AU, NZ) 2023–24 (AU, NZ) Regionalised competitions Super Rugby Aotearoa Super Rugby AU Super Rugby Trans-Tasman Super Rugby Unlocked Category Commons vteRugby union in South AfricaGoverning body South African Rugby Union National teamsMen's Springboks 'A' 7's Amateurs U-21 U-20 Schoolboys Women's Women's 7's CompetitionsInternational South Africa at the Rugby World Cup World Rugby Sevens Series South Africa Sevens South Africa Women's Sevens World Rugby U20 Championship United Rugby Championship Super Rugby (no longer involved) Provincial Currie Cup Rugby Challenge Club Gold Cup Varsity Rugby Women's Varsity Cup Women's clubs Women's Premier Division Youth rugby Craven Week Defunct Vodacom Cup Related articles International players Rugby union and apartheid Springbok colours
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For the provincial union, see Sharks (Currie Cup). For the English team, see Sale Sharks.Rugby teamThe Sharks (known as the Hollywoodbets Sharks as they are their title sponsor) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Durban in KwaZulu-Natal. They compete internationally in the United Rugby Championship and EPCR Challenge Cup, having competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They are centred on the Sharks union, also based in Durban and drawing players from all of KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape. The team plays its home matches at the Hollywoodbets Kings Park Stadium in Durban.In 1993–1995 South Africa was represented in the Super 10 by their three top unions (top three teams from the previous years Currie Cup). Natal (as they were called then) qualified in 1993 and 1994. Natal were runners-up in 1994 after having lost to Queensland 21–10 in the final. In 1996 and 1997 South Africa was represented in the Super 12 by their four top unions rather than franchises, and Natal qualified and competed both years. They have never won the Super Rugby competition, but have reached the final four times, as Natal in 1996 and as the Sharks in 2001, 2007 and 2012.The side sports many Springbok players, including Ox Nche, Makazole Mapimpi, Lukhanyo Am, Eben Etzebeth and Bongi Mbonambi. They have also featured many international stars including France international Frédéric Michalak and former Australian International Ben Tapuai.Four times Super Rugby runners-up, in May 2024, Sharks finally won their first major honour, and became the first South African team to ever win a European trophy, by defeating Gloucester Rugby in the final of the 2023–24 EPCR Challenge Cup at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium.","title":"Sharks (rugby union)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Super 12","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_12"},{"link_name":"Crusaders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusaders_(rugby)"},{"link_name":"Cats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cats_(rugby)"},{"link_name":"Brumbies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brumbies_(rugby)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skrum.jpg"},{"link_name":"points difference","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal_difference"},{"link_name":"Bryan Habana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Habana"},{"link_name":"Super Rugby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Rugby"},{"link_name":"Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia"},{"link_name":"2012 season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Super_Rugby_season"},{"link_name":"Suncorp Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suncorp_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Brisbane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane"},{"link_name":"Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia"},{"link_name":"The Reds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland_Reds"},{"link_name":"Cape Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Town"},{"link_name":"Stormers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormers"},{"link_name":"Indian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean"},{"link_name":"Crusaders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusaders_(rugby_union)"},{"link_name":"Chiefs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiefs_(rugby_union)"},{"link_name":"Hamilton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"final","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Super_Rugby_Final"},{"link_name":"Jake White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_White"},{"link_name":"Montpellier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montpellier_H%C3%A9rault_Rugby"},{"link_name":"2015 season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Super_Rugby_season"},{"link_name":"Gary Gold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Gold"},{"link_name":"2020 season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Super_Rugby_season"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic"},{"link_name":"Super Rugby Unlocked","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Rugby_Unlocked"},{"link_name":"United Rugby Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Rugby_Championship"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Pro14 Rainbow Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro14_Rainbow_Cup"},{"link_name":"Benetton Treviso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benetton_Rugby"},{"link_name":"Munster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munster_Rugby"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Roc Nation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roc_Nation"},{"link_name":"rapper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapper"},{"link_name":"JayZ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JayZ"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Saracens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saracens_F.C."},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Natal competed in the inaugural Super 10 during the 1993 season. They were in Pool A along with Auckland, Western Samoa, Queensland and Otago. They finished second in the pool on 12 points, behind Auckland on 16. The next season they played in Pool B with New South Wales, Western Samoa, Auckland and Waikato, and finished at the top of the pool to face Pool A winners Queensland in the final in Durban. Natal lost the game 21 to 10. Natal did not play in the 1995 series.The Sharks' Currie Cup team played in the first Super 12 season, in 1996. After 11 games the Sharks finished fourth in the final standings, enough to get them through to the finals. They defeated Queensland at Ballymore 43 to 25 to get into the first Super 12 championship game. They finished inaugural runners-up, losing to Auckland 45 to 21 in Auckland. The following season Natal finished fourth once again, but lost their semi-final against Auckland.In 1998 the Coastal Sharks (as the team was now styled) won 7 of their 11 games, and finished in their best position yet, third place. They were however defeated by the Crusaders in the semi-finals. The following season the Sharks missed the finals, finishing 7th. In 2000 the Sharks finished last in the final standings. However the next season they came second – at the time their best ever finish – and after defeating the Cats, went to Canberra for the final, which they lost against the Brumbies.In 2002 the Sharks missed the finals after finishing 10th on the season table. The following season they came 11th. 2004 was a better season for the team, coming in at 7th after the regular season. However, in 2005 saw them slump to 12th.Sharks playing Cats (now Lions) in 2006In 2006, the Super 12 was expanded and became the Super 14. In the first Super 14 season the Sharks narrowly missed the finals, missing out on a 4th-place finish on points difference. In 2007 they were top of the table and became the first South African side to host a Super 12 or 14 final. The Sharks fought hard in the final but lost to the Bulls after a try by Bryan Habana.In 2011 the Super Rugby competition was expanded again to feature an additional team from Australia changing the competition to the Super Rugby tournament. The 2012 season saw the Sharks struggle in the first few weeks, but a run of good form saw them lose only one of their last seven games to sneak into the playoffs in 6th position. They had to travel to Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane, Australia for the qualifier against The Reds, whom they beat 30–17 to reach the semi-finals. They then had to travel another 11 000 km back to Cape Town to face the Stormers, they were not given much of a chance after having crossed the Indian for the second time in as many weeks, but again they prevailed 26–19. Having beaten the Crusaders in the other semi-final, the Chiefs claimed home ground advantage for the final. After travelling over the Indian yet again (the third time in three weeks, 55 000 km travelled in total) to Hamilton, the Sharks met the Chiefs for the final, but the fairytale was not to be, and they were defeated 37-6 by the Chiefs, who claimed their first ever Super Rugby title.The Sharks did manage to win the South African Conference and trophy once in 2014. However, after the then Director of Rugby Jake White left the club to take up a coaching role at Montpellier he left his assistant coach Brad McLeod-Henderson in charge of the Super Rugby side. After a disastrous 2015 season finishing 11th, McLeod-Henderson left the Sharks and was replaced by Gary Gold. Gold only lasting one year at the team, however the Sharks managed a four-year run of quarter final finishes between 2016 and 2019. The Sharks lead the 2020 season on 24 points having played 7 games with the Crusaders and Brumbies both on 23 points having played 6 games. The season was cut short due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and was never completed.With the Covid pandemic limiting travel, regional Super Rugby tournaments were hosted, with the South African sides taking part in Super Rugby Unlocked. The tournament was heavily affected by the pandemic and several games were cancelled, nonetheless the Sharks managed a third-place finish. It was announced in 2021 that the South African franchises would leave Super Rugby, and that South Africa would be represented by the 4 top franchises in the newly renamed United Rugby Championship.[1] Due to the pandemic still causing problems for international travel another temporary regional tournament was announced, called the Pro14 Rainbow Cup. The South African sides competed in the 'Rainbow Cup SA'. The Sharks finished second behind the Bulls who went on to lose against the European leg winners, Benetton Treviso. The Sharks played their first official URC game against Munster in Ireland on 25 September 2021.[2]In 2021 it was announced that an American consortium under the name 'MVM Holdings' in partnership with Roc Nation, an entertainment agency owned by rapper JayZ, would buy a 51% majority stake in the Sharks franchise.[3] Roc Nation later aided in the purchase of the English side Saracens by a consortium of investors.[4]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Johannesburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg"},{"link_name":"Pretoria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria"},{"link_name":"Port Elizabeth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Elizabeth"},{"link_name":"Cape Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Town"},{"link_name":"KwaZulu-Natal Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal_Province"},{"link_name":"Durban","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durban"},{"link_name":"Pietermaritzburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietermaritzburg"}],"text":"After being informally called the Banana Boys or Piesangboere for a substantial length of time it was decided in 1995 that Natal would go ahead with new branding – The Sharks. This brand was conceived, presented and initially executed by Terry Kukle of Tag International Media. The Sharks mascot Sharkie was launched in 1995. To achieve this a substantial budget was allocated to refine this vision that would include the match facilities, the pre-and post-match activities and the team. The local press at first were very hesitant to accept the new name and branding and fans were polarised by the radical proposed change that flew in the face of rugby tradition and convention. After much controversy in the media (which very rapidly brought the proposed brand to everyone's attention) and a very successful season supported by great products and promotions, the Sharks were embraced by all. The Sharks' marketing has been widely acknowledged in marketing and rugby circles as best practice and included as a successful case study in many marketing textbooks.There was initially significant resistance from many quarters. This resistance was ascribed to the traditional attitudes of the rugby-loving stakeholders. However, the strategy was successful and the success of the marketing has been widely acknowledged. Crowd attendances, merchandising, suite holder and season ticket sales have all been very successful. The brand is now internationally recognised and the branding strategy is reaping dividends for all its stakeholders. As a result, since the mid-1990s the Sharks have become one of the most well-recognised and popular unions in the South African rugby landscape. The Sharks are well supported across South Africa, with sizable fan bases in all major cities including Johannesburg, Pretoria, Port Elizabeth and Cape Town. Most of their supporters however live in KwaZulu-Natal Province, particularly in and around Durban and Pietermaritzburg.","title":"The Sharks brand"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:King%27s_Park_Stadium,_Durban.jpg"},{"link_name":"Hollywoodbets Kings Park Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kings_Park_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Durban","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durban"},{"link_name":"Currie Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currie_Cup"},{"link_name":"Sharks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharks_(Currie_Cup)"},{"link_name":"1995 Rugby World Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995_Rugby_World_Cup"}],"text":"Kings Park Stadium, the home of the SharksHollywoodbets Kings Park Stadium in Durban is the home ground of The Sharks. It is locally known as \"The Shark Tank\". It currently has a capacity of 54,000. In addition to being the home of the Sharks, it is also used during the Currie Cup for the Sharks. The ground was originally built in 1968, but have been worked on numerous times. A major upgrade occurred for the 1995 Rugby World Cup.","title":"Stadium"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"KwaZulu-Natal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal"},{"link_name":"Eastern Cape","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Cape"},{"link_name":"Sharks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharks_(Currie_Cup)"},{"link_name":"Border Bulldogs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_Bulldogs"},{"link_name":"Mighty Elephants","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Province_Elephants"},{"link_name":"Currie Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currie_Cup"},{"link_name":"Southern Spears","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Spears"},{"link_name":"Southern Kings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Kings"}],"text":"When the Super Rugby franchise system was launched in South Africa in 1998, the team was called the Coastal Sharks and covered the KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces, therefore drawing players from the Sharks, Border Bulldogs and Mighty Elephants Currie Cup teams. This lasted until 2005, when the Eastern Cape attempted to launch their own Super Rugby franchise, the Southern Spears. That meant that the Border Bulldogs and Mighty Elephants teams were aligned with the Spears (and later Southern Kings) franchise and the Sharks were effectively affiliated with one provincial union only, namely KwaZulu-Natal.","title":"Region"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2024–25 season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024%E2%80%9325_United_Rugby_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"List of 2024–25 United Rugby Championship transfers § Sharks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2024%E2%80%9325_United_Rugby_Championship_transfers#Sharks"},{"link_name":"2024–25 United Rugby Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2024%E2%80%9325_United_Rugby_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Senior_Squad_Archives-5"}],"text":"For player movements before or during the 2024–25 season, see List of 2024–25 United Rugby Championship transfers § Sharks.The Sharks squad for the 2024–25 United Rugby Championship is:[5]","title":"Current squad"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Coaches"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ian McIntosh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_McIntosh"},{"link_name":"Hugh Reece-Edwards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Reece-Edwards"},{"link_name":"Jake White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_White"},{"link_name":"Allister Coetzee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allister_Coetzee"},{"link_name":"Rudolf Straeuli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Straeuli"},{"link_name":"Kevin Putt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Putt"},{"link_name":"Theo van Rensburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theo_van_Rensburg"},{"link_name":"Dick Muir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Muir"},{"link_name":"John Plumtree","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Plumtree"},{"link_name":"Clive Woodward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Woodward"},{"link_name":"Peter de Villiers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_de_Villiers"},{"link_name":"John Smit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Smit"},{"link_name":"Brendan Venter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Venter"},{"link_name":"Sean Everitt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Everitt"},{"link_name":"Jake White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_White"},{"link_name":"Kobelco Steelers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobelco_Steelers"},{"link_name":"Gary Gold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Gold"},{"link_name":"Robert du Preez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_du_Preez_(rugby_player,_born_1963)"},{"link_name":"Sean Everitt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Everitt"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Cardiff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff_Rugby"},{"link_name":"Currie Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currie_Cup"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_national_rugby_union_team"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Sean Everitt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Everitt"},{"link_name":"Neil Powell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Powell"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"sub_title":"History","text":"The Sharks were coached by Former Springbok coach Ian McIntosh between 1996 and 1999, with Hugh Reece-Edwards as his assistant. In 2000, Reece-Edwards took over as coach with Jake White and Allister Coetzee as assistants.All three were replaced the following year however, as Rudolf Straeuli was appointed coach, with Kobus van der Merwe as his assistant. In 2002, Clinton Isaacs replaced Van der Merwe as Straeuli's assistant.Kevin Putt was appointed as Straeuli's replacement when he was appointed Springbok coach, with Theo van Rensburg as assistant. Dick Muir replaced Putt in 2006 and pulled in John Plumtree as his assistant. Plumtree took over the head coaching position for the 2007 Currie Cup, whilst Muir took time off to add to his qualifications and learn from some of the most successful coaches in rugby history, such as Sir Clive Woodward. Muir took The Sharks to the 2007 Super 14 final at home and was later seconded as an assistant coach to Peter de Villiers with the national side.John Plumtree took over as full-time coach in 2008 where he found immediate success, taking the Sharks to their first Currie Cup title since 1996 when they defeated the Blue Bulls in Durban. He repeated that feat in 2010 when his team beat Western Province in the Kings Park final. Following their Super Rugby Final's appearance in 2012, the Sharks produced a lacklustre season in 2013, finishing 8th on the combined log and 4th of 5 teams in the South African division. Plumtree's final season as Sharks coach was marred by a roster depleted of injuries and perceived tactical challenges.Soon after the Sharks' appointment of former Springbok and Sharks captain John Smit as team CEO in mid 2013, news reports emerged that White had contacted former Springbok Brendan Venter to assume a short-term coaching role for the Sharks. Following days of media reports speculating on Plumtree's job security, the Sharks announced that Plumtree would not be brought back following the end of the Super Rugby Campaign. Venter was soon appointed as the Director of Rugby for the 2013 Currie Cup campaign, with coaches Brad McLeod-Henderson (forwards) and Sean Everitt (backs) assuming the day-to-day coaching responsibilities. Following the end of the Sharks' successful 2013 Currie Cup campaign, Venter stepped down as Director of Rugby. Former Springboks' coach Jake White, looking to return to coaching in South Africa, was soon hired to succeed Venter as the Sharks' Director of Rugby and Super Rugby coach, with McLeod-Henderson and Everitt remaining as his full-time assistant coaches.At the end of 2014 White resigned as Super Rugby coach and Director of Rugby, and former Kobelco Steelers coach Gary Gold was hired as Head Coach and Super Rugby coach for the 2015 Super Rugby Season. McLeod-Henderson resigned after a poor Super Rugby Campaign and Gary Gold assumed the reigns as Currie Cup coach for 2015, Director of Rugby and the Super Rugby coach for 2016.Towards the end of 2016 Gary Gold left the Sharks and assistant coach Robert du Preez became coach for the 2016 Currie Cup campaign, as well as the Super Rugby coach from 2017. Du Preez would lead the Sharks to the quarter-finals of Super Rugby for three consecutive years, but did not manage to progress beyond that stage.For the 2020 season, du Preez stepped down and Sean Everitt was appointed head coach,[6] with David Williams (backline and attack) and Brent Janse van Rensburg (forwards) as his assistants.On the 28th of November 2022 the Sharks played in a 0-35 home defeat to the Welsh side Cardiff. This marked the first time in franchise history the Sharks had failed to score a single point in a home game. Something the provincial Currie Cup side had also never done in the professional era. The last game in which the provincial side had failed to score a point at home was in 1972 against England.[7] \nThe following day it was announced that then head coach Sean Everitt would be stepping down with immediate effect, and director of rugby Neil Powell would take over all of the responsibilities.[8]At the end of the 2022–23 season, it was announced that John Plumtree would be returning to the Sharks for the forthcoming season, once again as head coach, with Powell returning to the role of Director of Rugby.[9]","title":"Coaches"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Head coaches","title":"Coaches"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"First team coaching staff","title":"Coaches"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Gary Teichmann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Teichmann"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Wayne Fyvie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Fyvie"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Mark Andrews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Andrews_(rugby_player)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Shaun Sowerby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaun_Sowerby"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"John Smit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Smit"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Johann Muller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Muller_(rugby_player)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Stefan Terblanche","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Terblanche"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Keegan Daniel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keegan_Daniel"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Bismarck du Plessis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismarck_du_Plessis"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Marco Wentzel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Wentzel"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Patrick Lambie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Lambie"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Tendai Mtawarira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendai_Mtawarira"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Tera Mtembu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera_Mtembu"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Philip van der Walt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_van_der_Walt"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Ruan Botha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruan_Botha"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Louis Schreuder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Schreuder"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Tera Mtembu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera_Mtembu"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Jeremy Ward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Ward_(rugby_union)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Lukhanyo Am","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukhanyo_Am"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Phepsi Buthelezi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phepsi_Buthelezi"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Siya Kolisi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siya_Kolisi"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Thomas du Toit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_du_Toit"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"James Venter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Venter"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Reniel Hugo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reniel_Hugo"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Francois Venter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francois_Venter"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Bongi Mbonambi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongi_Mbonambi"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Eben Etzebeth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eben_Etzebeth"}],"text":"Gary Teichmann (1996–99)\n Wayne Fyvie (2000)\n Mark Andrews (2001–02)\n Shaun Sowerby (2003)\n John Smit (2004–11)\n Johann Muller (2008–10)\n Stefan Terblanche (2010–11)\n Keegan Daniel (2011–13)\n Bismarck du Plessis (2014–15)\n Marco Wentzel (2015)\n Patrick Lambie (2016)\n Tendai Mtawarira (2016)\n Tera Mtembu (2017)\n Philip van der Walt (2017)\n Ruan Botha (2018)\n Louis Schreuder (2019)\n Tera Mtembu (2019)\n Jeremy Ward (2019)\n Lukhanyo Am (2020-)\n Phepsi Buthelezi (2021-)\n Siya Kolisi (2022-23)\n Thomas du Toit (2022)\n James Venter (2022)\n Reniel Hugo (2023-24)\n Francois Venter (2023-24)\n Bongi Mbonambi (2024)\n Eben Etzebeth (2024)","title":"Captains"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tendai Mtawarira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendai_Mtawarira"},{"link_name":"Gavin Lawless","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Lawless"},{"link_name":"Patrick Lambie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Lambie"},{"link_name":"Curwin Bosch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curwin_Bosch"},{"link_name":"Gavin Lawless","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Lawless"},{"link_name":"Stefan Terblanche","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Terblanche"},{"link_name":"James Small","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Small_(rugby_player)"},{"link_name":"JP Pietersen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JP_Pietersen"},{"link_name":"Lwazi Mvovo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwazi_Mvovo"},{"link_name":"Gavin Lawless","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Lawless"},{"link_name":"Curwin Bosch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curwin_Bosch"},{"link_name":"Curwin Bosch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curwin_Bosch"},{"link_name":"Gavin Lawless","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Lawless"},{"link_name":"Patrick Lambie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Lambie"},{"link_name":"Robert du Preez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_du_Preez_(rugby_player,_born_1993)"},{"link_name":"Patrick Lambie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Lambie"},{"link_name":"François Steyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Steyn"},{"link_name":"Patrick Lambie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Lambie"},{"link_name":"Boeta Chamberlain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeta_Chamberlain"},{"link_name":"François Steyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Steyn"},{"link_name":"Boeta Chamberlain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeta_Chamberlain"},{"link_name":"François Steyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Steyn"}],"text":"Most matches in a career: 159 (Tendai Mtawarira)\nMost points in a match: 50 (Gavin Lawless, v Highlanders, 1997)\nMost points in a season: 193 (Patrick Lambie, 2011)\nMost points in a career: 872 (Curwin Bosch)\nMost tries in a match: 4 (Gavin Lawless, v Highlanders, 1997)(Stefan Terblanche, v Chiefs, 1998)\nMost tries in a season: 13 (James Small, 1996)\nMost tries in a career: 37 (JP Pietersen)(Lwazi Mvovo)\nMost conversions in a match: 9 (Gavin Lawless, v Highlanders, 1997)\nMost conversions in a season: 41 (Curwin Bosch, 2022/2023)\nMost conversions in a career: 179 (Curwin Bosch)\nMost penalty goals in a match: 7 (Gavin Lawless, v NSW Waratahs, 1997)(Patrick Lambie, v Crusaders, 2013)(Robert du Preez, v Blues, 2018)\nMost penalty goals in a season: 43 (Patrick Lambie, 2013)(François Steyn, 2014)\nMost penalty goals in a career: 166 (Patrick Lambie)\nMost drop goals in a match: 3 (Boeta Chamberlain vs Ospreys, 2021)\nMost drop goals in a season: 4 (François Steyn, 2007)(Boeta Chamberlain, 2021/2022)\nMost drop goals in a career: 8 (François Steyn)","title":"Individual records"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Challenge Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Challenge_Cup"},{"link_name":"2023/24","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023-24_EPCR_Challenge_Cup"},{"link_name":"Champions Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Rugby_Champions_Cup"},{"link_name":"2022/23","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_European_Rugby_Champions_Cup"},{"link_name":"United Rugby Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Rugby_Championship"},{"link_name":"2021/22","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_United_Rugby_Championship"},{"link_name":"2022/23","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_United_Rugby_Championship"},{"link_name":"Super Rugby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Rugby"},{"link_name":"1996","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Super_12_season"},{"link_name":"2001","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Super_12_season"},{"link_name":"2007","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Super_14_season"},{"link_name":"2012","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Super_Rugby_season"},{"link_name":"1997","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Super_12_season"},{"link_name":"1998","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Super_12_season"},{"link_name":"2008","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Super_14_season"},{"link_name":"2014","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Super_Rugby_season"},{"link_name":"2016","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Super_Rugby_season"},{"link_name":"2017","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Super_Rugby_season"},{"link_name":"2018","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Super_Rugby_season"},{"link_name":"2019","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Super_Rugby_season"},{"link_name":"2011","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Super_Rugby_season"},{"link_name":"2014","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Super_Rugby_season"},{"link_name":"Super 10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_10_(rugby_union)"},{"link_name":"1994","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_10_(rugby_union)"}],"text":"Challenge Cup\nWinners: (1) 2023/24\nChampions Cup\nQuarter-finalists (1): 2022/23\nUnited Rugby Championship\nQuarter-finalists (2): 2021/22, 2022/23\nSuper Rugby\nRunners-up (4): 1996, 2001, 2007, 2012\nSemi-finalists (4): 1997, 1998, 2008, 2014\nQuarter-finalists (4): 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019\nQualifying-finalists (1): 2011\nConference Winners (1): 2014\nSuper 10\nRunners-up (1): 1994","title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Toyota Challenge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Challenge"},{"link_name":"2021","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Challenge"},{"link_name":"World Club 10s","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Club_10s"},{"link_name":"2016","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Club_10s"},{"link_name":"2018","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Club_10s"}],"sub_title":"Minor Honours","text":"Toyota Challenge\nRunners-up (1): 2021World Club 10s\nThird Place (2): 2016, 2018","title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1-86950-566-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86950-566-2"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1-86971-025-8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86971-025-8"},{"link_name":"https://all.rugby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//all.rugby"}],"text":"Howitt, Bob (2005). SANZAR Saga – Ten Years of Super 12 and Tri-Nations Rugby. Harper Collins Publishers. ISBN 1-86950-566-2.\nMcIlraith, Matt (2005). Ten Years of Super 12. Hodder Moa. ISBN 1-86971-025-8.Stat source: https://all.rugby","title":"Bibliography"}]
[{"image_text":"Sharks playing Cats (now Lions) in 2006","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Skrum.jpg/220px-Skrum.jpg"},{"image_text":"Kings Park Stadium, the home of the Sharks","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/King%27s_Park_Stadium%2C_Durban.jpg/220px-King%27s_Park_Stadium%2C_Durban.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"Sharks Join URC\". BBC Sport. Retrieved 7 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/57475511","url_text":"\"Sharks Join URC\""}]},{"reference":"\"SharksvsMunster\". Sky Sports. Retrieved 7 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.skysports.com/rugby-union/munster-vs-sharks/100363","url_text":"\"SharksvsMunster\""}]},{"reference":"\"Roc Nation Share Purchase\". kaya959.co.za. 2 February 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.kaya959.co.za/jay-zs-roc-nation-sports-buys-a-stake-of-the-sharks-rugby-team/","url_text":"\"Roc Nation Share Purchase\""}]},{"reference":"Mairs, Gavin (October 2021). \"Roc Nation Saracens\". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 7 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/rugby-union/2021/10/01/exclusive-saracens-taken-consortium-32m-deal-will-end-nigel/","url_text":"\"Roc Nation Saracens\""}]},{"reference":"\"Senior Squad Archives\". Sharks. Retrieved 11 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://sharksrugby.co.za/category/senior-squad/","url_text":"\"Senior Squad Archives\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sharks confirm coaching lineup, with Sean Everitt taking over as Super Rugby coach\". sarugbymag.co.za. 2 September 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sarugbymag.co.za/sharks-confirm-coaching-lineup/","url_text":"\"Sharks confirm coaching lineup, with Sean Everitt taking over as Super Rugby coach\""}]},{"reference":"\"Loss to Cardiff\". News24. Retrieved 28 November 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.news24.com/sport/rugby/unitedrugbychampionship/sharks-boss-apologises-to-fans-after-cardiff-humiliation-we-will-turn-this-around-20221128","url_text":"\"Loss to Cardiff\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sean Everitt steps down\". News24. Retrieved 28 November 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.news24.com/sport/rugby/unitedrugbychampionship/sharks-head-coach-sean-everitt-steps-down-after-dismal-cardiff-defeat-i-leave-with-no-regrets-20221128","url_text":"\"Sean Everitt steps down\""}]},{"reference":"\"THE SHARKS MEDIA RELEASE - SHARKS COACHING ANNOUNCEMENT\". The Sharks. 4 May 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://sharksrugby.co.za/2023/05/04/the-sharks-media-release-sharks-coaching-announcement/","url_text":"\"THE SHARKS MEDIA RELEASE - SHARKS COACHING ANNOUNCEMENT\""}]},{"reference":"Howitt, Bob (2005). SANZAR Saga – Ten Years of Super 12 and Tri-Nations Rugby. Harper Collins Publishers. ISBN 1-86950-566-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86950-566-2","url_text":"1-86950-566-2"}]},{"reference":"McIlraith, Matt (2005). Ten Years of Super 12. Hodder Moa. ISBN 1-86971-025-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86971-025-8","url_text":"1-86971-025-8"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Say_(Richie_Kotzen_album)
Something to Say (Richie Kotzen album)
["1 Track listing","2 Personnel"]
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Something to Say" Richie Kotzen album – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 1997 studio album by Richie KotzenSomething to SayStudio album by Richie KotzenReleased1997RecordedTrist A' WhirlGenreHard rock, Soft rock, Soul, Blues, R&BLength41:49LabelSpitfire RecordsProducerRichie KotzenRichie Kotzen chronology Project(1996) Something to Say(1997) What Is...(1998) Something to Say is the seventh album by guitarist/vocalist Richie Kotzen. Track listing No.TitleLength1."Something To Say"4:122."What Makes a Man"4:053."The Bitter End"3:354."Faded"5:155."Let Me In"4:566."Rust"3:487."Ready"3:518."Aberdine"3:599."Holy Man"3:0510."Camouflage"2:2911."Turned Out"2:41 The Japanese version has the songs in distinct order and includes the bonus track "Paradox" (2:42). Personnel Richie Kotzen – all vocals, guitars, bass, wurlitzer piano, drums (on "Turned Out", "Ready", "Holy Man") Kim Bullard – Hammond B3 organ (on "Bitter End", "Let Me In", "Aberdine), mellotron (on "Aberdine") Arlan Schierbaum – Hammond B3 organ (on "What Makes A Man", "Ready", "Turned Out" and "Holy Man") Atma Anur – drums, percussion Lole Diro and Dexter Smittle – recorder, mixing Wally Traugott – mastering at Capitol vteRichie KotzenStudio albums Richie Kotzen (1989) Fever Dream (1990) Electric Joy (1991) Mother Head's Family Reunion (1994) The Inner Galactic Fusion Experience (1995) Something to Say (1997) What Is... (1998) Bi-Polar Blues (1999) Break It All Down (1999) Slow (2001) Change (2003) Acoustic Cuts (2003) Get Up (2004) Ai Senshi Z×R (2006) Into the Black (2006) Go Faster/Return of the Mother Head's Family Reunion (2007) Peace Sign (2009) 24 Hours (2011) Cannibals (2015) Salting Earth (2017) Collaboration albums Tilt (with Greg Howe) (1995) Project (with Greg Howe) (1997) Smith/Kotzen (with Adrian Smith) (2021) Live albums Live in São Paulo/Bootlegged in Brazil (2008) Compilation albums Instrumental Collection: The Shrapnel Years (2006) Related articles Discography Poison Vertú Mr. Big Forty Deuce Mike Varney Richie Zito Greg Howe Pat Torpey The Winery Dogs Smith/Kotzen Authority control databases MusicBrainz release group
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Dream","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fever_Dream_(Richie_Kotzen_album)"},{"link_name":"Electric Joy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Joy"},{"link_name":"Mother Head's Family Reunion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Head%27s_Family_Reunion"},{"link_name":"The Inner Galactic Fusion Experience","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Inner_Galactic_Fusion_Experience"},{"link_name":"Something to Say","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"What Is...","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Is..."},{"link_name":"Bi-Polar Blues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-Polar_Blues_(album)"},{"link_name":"Break It All Down","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break_It_All_Down"},{"link_name":"Slow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_(Richie_Kotzen_album)"},{"link_name":"Change","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change_(Richie_Kotzen_album)"},{"link_name":"Acoustic Cuts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_Cuts"},{"link_name":"Get Up","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get_Up_(Richie_Kotzen_album)"},{"link_name":"Ai Senshi Z×R","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai_Senshi_Z%C3%97R"},{"link_name":"Into the Black","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Into_the_Black_(album)"},{"link_name":"Go Faster/Return of the Mother Head's Family Reunion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_Faster"},{"link_name":"Peace Sign","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Sign_(Richie_Kotzen_album)"},{"link_name":"24 Hours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Hours_(Richie_Kotzen_album)"},{"link_name":"Cannibals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibals_(Richie_Kotzen_album)"},{"link_name":"Salting Earth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salting_Earth"},{"link_name":"Tilt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilt_(Greg_Howe_and_Richie_Kotzen_album)"},{"link_name":"Greg Howe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Howe"},{"link_name":"Project","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_(album)"},{"link_name":"Greg Howe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Howe"},{"link_name":"Smith/Kotzen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith/Kotzen_(album)"},{"link_name":"Adrian Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Live in São Paulo/Bootlegged in Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(Richie_Kotzen_album)"},{"link_name":"Instrumental Collection: The Shrapnel Years","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_Collection:_The_Shrapnel_Years"},{"link_name":"Discography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richie_Kotzen_discography"},{"link_name":"Poison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison_(band)"},{"link_name":"Vertú","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vert%C3%BA"},{"link_name":"Mr. Big","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Big_(American_band)"},{"link_name":"Forty Deuce","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing_to_Lose_(Forty_Deuce_album)"},{"link_name":"Mike Varney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Varney"},{"link_name":"Richie Zito","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richie_Zito"},{"link_name":"Greg Howe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Howe"},{"link_name":"Pat Torpey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Torpey"},{"link_name":"The Winery Dogs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Winery_Dogs"},{"link_name":"Smith/Kotzen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith/Kotzen"},{"link_name":"Authority control databases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7560270#identifiers"},{"link_name":"MusicBrainz release group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//musicbrainz.org/release-group/5d3d62c5-71f4-3f35-b62b-869aa86ef162"}],"text":"Richie Kotzen – all vocals, guitars, bass, wurlitzer piano, drums (on \"Turned Out\", \"Ready\", \"Holy Man\")\nKim Bullard – Hammond B3 organ (on \"Bitter End\", \"Let Me In\", \"Aberdine), mellotron (on \"Aberdine\")\nArlan Schierbaum – Hammond B3 organ (on \"What Makes A Man\", \"Ready\", \"Turned Out\" and \"Holy Man\")\nAtma Anur – drums, percussion\nLole Diro and Dexter Smittle – recorder, mixing\nWally Traugott – mastering at CapitolvteRichie KotzenStudio albums\nRichie Kotzen (1989)\nFever Dream (1990)\nElectric Joy (1991)\nMother Head's Family Reunion (1994)\nThe Inner Galactic Fusion Experience (1995)\nSomething to Say (1997)\nWhat Is... (1998)\nBi-Polar Blues (1999)\nBreak It All Down (1999)\nSlow (2001)\nChange (2003)\nAcoustic Cuts (2003)\nGet Up (2004)\nAi Senshi Z×R (2006)\nInto the Black (2006)\nGo Faster/Return of the Mother Head's Family Reunion (2007)\nPeace Sign (2009)\n24 Hours (2011)\nCannibals (2015)\nSalting Earth (2017)\nCollaboration albums\nTilt (with Greg Howe) (1995)\nProject (with Greg Howe) (1997)\nSmith/Kotzen (with Adrian Smith) (2021)\nLive albums\nLive in São Paulo/Bootlegged in Brazil (2008)\nCompilation albums\nInstrumental Collection: The Shrapnel Years (2006)\nRelated articles\nDiscography\nPoison\nVertú\nMr. Big\nForty Deuce\nMike Varney\nRichie Zito\nGreg Howe\nPat Torpey\nThe Winery Dogs\nSmith/KotzenAuthority control databases \nMusicBrainz release group","title":"Personnel"}]
[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Schleiff
Enrico Schleiff
["1 Career","1.1 Early career","1.2 University of Frankfurt","2 Other activities","3 Recognition","4 References"]
German biologist and physicist Enrico SchleiffBorn(1971-11-17)17 November 1971Luckenwalde, East Germany (now Germany)NationalityGermanAlma materCharles UniversityUniversity of MainzUniversity of BaselMcGill UniversityScientific careerFieldsCell biologyInstitutionsGoethe University Frankfurt Enrico Schleiff (born 17 November 1971) is a German biologist and physicist, and the president of the Goethe University Frankfurt, serving since 1 January 2021. Career Early career Schleiff studied physics at the Charles University in Prague from 1990 to 1992 and at the University of Mainz from 1992 to 1995. He completed his master's thesis at the University of Basel in 1995 and then received a Ph.D. from the Department of Biochemistry at McGill University in Montreal. He then worked as a research assistant at the University of Kiel and at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, where he completed his habilitation in cell biology and botany in 2003. University of Frankfurt Schleiff has been a professor at the Goethe University Frankfurt since 2007. He was elected vice president in 2012 and held this office until 2018. In 2020 he was elected president of the university in succession to Birgitta Wolff. He was chairman of the board of the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies from 2018 to 2020. Other activities Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021) Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Member of the Board of Trustees Fritz Bauer Institute, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021) House of Finance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021) Institute for Law and Finance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021) Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability (IMFS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021) Paul Ehrlich Foundation, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021) University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021) Recognition Schleiff received the Eduard Strasburger Prize of the German Botanical Society in 2004. References ^ Enrico Schleiff, Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies ^ "Goethe-Universität — Präsident der Goethe-Universität". www.uni-frankfurt.de. ^ "Biologe Enrico Schleiff wird Präsident der Goethe-Universität". 8 July 2020. ^ Zoske, Sascha. "Uni-Präsident Enrico Schleiff: "Ich glaube an eine ,Generation Corona' – aber im positiven Sinn"". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. ^ Zoske, Sascha. "Neuer Uni-Präsident: Lieber ohne Amtskette". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. ^ Board of Trustees Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Goethe University Frankfurt. ^ Board of Trustees Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP). ^ Board of Trustees Fritz Bauer Institute, Frankfurt. ^ Board of Trustees Archived 27 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine House of Finance, Goethe University Frankfurt. ^ Board of Trustees Archived 8 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine Institute for Law and Finance (ILF). ^ Board of Trustees Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability (IMFS). ^ Paul Ehrlich Foundation: Board of Trustees Goethe University Frankfurt. ^ Supervisory Board University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt. ^ "Young scientists awarded with the Strasburger Prize". Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft e.V. (DBG) (in German). Retrieved 7 April 2022. vteRectors and Presidents of the Goethe University FrankfurtRectors(1914–1971) Richard von Wachsmuth Ludwig Pohle Hans von Arnim Albrecht Bethe Heinrich Titze Rudolf Kautzsch Arthur Moritz Schoenflies Max Neisser Otto zur Strassen Kurt Burchard Matthias Gelzer Gustav Embden Wilhelm Gerloff Fritz Drevermann Josef Heimberger Georg Küntzel Bernhard Fischer-Wasels Erwin Madelung Wilhelm Gerloff Ernst Krieck Walter Platzhoff Georg Hohmann Walter Hallstein Franz Böhm Boris Rajewsky Max Horkheimer Oscar Gans Fritz Neumark Helmut Coing Rudolf Geißendörfer Helmut Viebrock Willy Hartner Karl Hax Fritz Neumark Walter Artelt Alfred Rammelmeyer Wolfgang Franz Walter Rüegg Erhard Denninger Presidents(since 1971) Erhard Kantzenbach Hans-Jürgen Krupp Hartwig Kelm Klaus Ring Joachim Weidmann (acting) Werner Meißner Rudolf Steinberg Werner Müller-Esterl Birgitta Wolff Enrico Schleiff Authority control databases International VIAF WorldCat National Germany Academics Google Scholar ORCID Publons ResearcherID
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt"}],"text":"German biologist and physicistEnrico Schleiff (born 17 November 1971) is a German biologist and physicist, and the president of the Goethe University Frankfurt, serving since 1 January 2021.","title":"Enrico Schleiff"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"physics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics"},{"link_name":"Charles University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_University"},{"link_name":"University of Mainz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Mainz"},{"link_name":"McGill University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill_University"},{"link_name":"University of Kiel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Kiel"},{"link_name":"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich"},{"link_name":"habilitation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation"},{"link_name":"cell biology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology"},{"link_name":"botany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany"}],"sub_title":"Early career","text":"Schleiff studied physics at the Charles University in Prague from 1990 to 1992 and at the University of Mainz from 1992 to 1995. He completed his master's thesis at the University of Basel in 1995 and then received a Ph.D. from the Department of Biochemistry at McGill University in Montreal. He then worked as a research assistant at the University of Kiel and at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, where he completed his habilitation in cell biology and botany in 2003.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Birgitta Wolff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgitta_Wolff"},{"link_name":"Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Institute_for_Advanced_Studies"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FIAS-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"sub_title":"University of Frankfurt","text":"Schleiff has been a professor at the Goethe University Frankfurt since 2007. He was elected vice president in 2012 and held this office until 2018. In 2020 he was elected president of the university in succession to Birgitta Wolff. He was chairman of the board of the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies from 2018 to 2020.[1][2][3][4][5]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Institute_for_Advanced_Studies"},{"link_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"House of Finance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Finance"},{"link_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Institute for Law and Finance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Law_and_Finance"},{"link_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"text":"Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021)[6]\nFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Member of the Board of Trustees[7]\nFritz Bauer Institute, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021)[8]\nHouse of Finance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021)[9]\nInstitute for Law and Finance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021)[10]\nInstitute for Monetary and Financial Stability (IMFS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021)[11]\nPaul Ehrlich Foundation, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021)[12]\nUniversity Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021)[13]","title":"Other activities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Deutsche_Botanische_Gesellschaft_e.V._(DBG)-14"}],"text":"Schleiff received the Eduard Strasburger Prize of the German Botanical Society in 2004.[14]","title":"Recognition"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"Goethe-Universität — Präsident der Goethe-Universität\". www.uni-frankfurt.de.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.uni-frankfurt.de/36994074/praesidentin","url_text":"\"Goethe-Universität — Präsident der Goethe-Universität\""}]},{"reference":"\"Biologe Enrico Schleiff wird Präsident der Goethe-Universität\". 8 July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de/hochschulstrategie/biologe-enrico-schleiff-wird-praesident-der-goethe-universitaet/","url_text":"\"Biologe Enrico Schleiff wird Präsident der Goethe-Universität\""}]},{"reference":"Zoske, Sascha. \"Uni-Präsident Enrico Schleiff: \"Ich glaube an eine ,Generation Corona' – aber im positiven Sinn\"\". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/frankfurt/frankfurter-uni-praesident-enrico-schleiff-glaubt-an-generation-corona-17301330.html","url_text":"\"Uni-Präsident Enrico Schleiff: \"Ich glaube an eine ,Generation Corona' – aber im positiven Sinn\"\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung","url_text":"Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung"}]},{"reference":"Zoske, Sascha. \"Neuer Uni-Präsident: Lieber ohne Amtskette\". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/enrico-schleiff-zum-uni-praesidenten-ernannt-lieber-ohne-amtskette-17108209.html","url_text":"\"Neuer Uni-Präsident: Lieber ohne Amtskette\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung","url_text":"Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung"}]},{"reference":"\"Young scientists awarded with the Strasburger Prize\". Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft e.V. (DBG) (in German). Retrieved 7 April 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.deutsche-botanische-gesellschaft.de/en/home/young-scientists-awarded-with-the-strasburger-prize","url_text":"\"Young scientists awarded with the Strasburger Prize\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nailah_Rowe
Nailah Rowe
["1 College career","2 Club career","3 International career","4 See also","5 References"]
Guyanese footballer Nailah RowePersonal informationDate of birth (2001-09-10) 10 September 2001 (age 22)Place of birth CanadaHeight 1.57 m (5 ft 2 in)Position(s) ForwardTeam informationCurrent team Centennial ColtsNumber 2College careerYears Team Apps (Gls)2019– Centennial Colts 15 (21)Senior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2019 FC Oshawa 8 (2)International career‡2019–2020 Guyana U20 9 (1)2018 Guyana 2+ (0+) *Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 16 October 2019‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 4 March 2020 Nailah Rowe (born 10 September 2001) is a footballer who plays as a forward for the Centennial Colts. Born in Canada, she represents the Guyana women's national team. College career In 2019, she began attending Centennial College playing for the women's soccer team. In her first year, she scored 12 goals in nine games. She finished as the 2019 OCAA Rookie of the Year, OCAA East Rookie of the Year, OCAA East Co-Scoring Champion, and was named an OCAA East 1st Team All-Star. On 21 September 2021, she scored four goals against Fleming College. In her second season in 2021, she was named East Division Player of the Year and an East Division All-Star, after scoring nine goals in six games. Club career In 2019, Rowe played for FC Oshawa in League1 Ontario, scoring twice in 8 league matches and making 1 playoff appearance. She scored her first goal on 10 May against Hamilton United. International career Rowe made her debut for the Guyana senior team at the 2018 CFU Women's Challenge Series on 25 April against Grenada. Rowe represented Guyana at the 2020 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship qualifying stage and 2020 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship. She scored her first goal on 19 July 2019, at the qualifying tournament against Saint Lucia U20. See also List of Guyana women's international footballers References ^ a b "Nailah Rowe Centennial profile". Centennial College. ^ Hirst, Rich (24 October 2019). "Nailah Rowe captures 4 OCAA Accolades!". FC Durham. ^ Holder, Bronwen (22 September 2021). "Centennial Colts women's soccer team kicks off home opener with a win". The Toronto Observer. ^ Holder, Bronwen (23 September 2021). "Colts aim to continue offensive outburst in OCAA tilt with Loyalist". The Toronto Observer. ^ "2021 OCAA Award Winners - Fall Season". Centennial College. 29 October 2021. ^ "Nailah Rowe 2019 L1O Stats". League1 Ontario. ^ "Big First Win For Oshawa While Oakville + Alliance Go Joint-Top". League1 Ontario. 11 May 2019. ^ "Thirteen Debutantes in "Lady Jags" Squad – Future is very bright for Guyana's football Says Head Coach". Guyana Football Federation. 28 April 2018. ^ "Lady Jags advance after 2-0 defeat of St Lucia". Stabroek News. 21 July 2019.
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[]
[{"title":"List of Guyana women's international footballers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Guyana_women%27s_international_footballers"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilean_an_R%C3%B2in_M%C3%B2r
Eilean an Ròin Mòr
["1 Geography","2 Footnotes"]
Coordinates: 58°28′34″N 5°7′38″W / 58.47611°N 5.12722°W / 58.47611; -5.12722Not to be confused with Eilean nan Ròn. Eilean an Ròin MòrScottish Gaelic nameEilean an Ròin MòrMeaning of namelarge seal islandLocationEilean an Ròin MòrEn an Ròin Mòr shown within Highland ScotlandOS grid referenceNC177584Coordinates58°28′34″N 5°07′37″W / 58.476°N 5.127°W / 58.476; -5.127Physical geographyIsland groupHighland / Islands of SutherlandArea33 hectares (0.13 sq mi)Highest elevation63 metres (207 ft)AdministrationSovereign stateUnited KingdomCountryScotlandCouncil areaHighlandDemographicsPopulation0References Eilean an Ròin Mòr is an uninhabited island in north west Sutherland. Geography Eilean an Ròin Mòr, with its neighbour, Eilean an Ròin Beag, forms rocky peninsula to the north of Oldshoremore beach. Only a narrow channel separates it from the mainland. The rocky island has little vegetation. Footnotes ^ 2001 UK Census per List of islands of Scotland ^ a b c Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh: Canongate. ISBN 978-1-84195-454-7. ^ a b Ordnance Survey 58°28′34″N 5°7′38″W / 58.47611°N 5.12722°W / 58.47611; -5.12722 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eilean an Ròin Mòr. This Highland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normando_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Gonz%C3%A1lez
Normando Hernández González
["1 Early life and education","2 Arrest","3 Imprisonment","3.1 2003-2006","3.2 2007-Release","4 Exile","4.1 Spain","4.2 United States","5 References","6 External links"]
Cuban writer and journalist (born 1969)In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Hernández and the second or maternal family name is González.Normando Hernández GonzálezAddressing the EPP Political AssemblyBorn (1969-10-21) October 21, 1969 (age 54)Camagüey, CubaNationalityCubanEducationSelf-taughtOccupationJournalistKnown forPolitical PrisonerNotable workThe Art of Torture: Memories of a Former Cuban Prisoner of ConscienceSpouseYarai Reyes MarinParentBlanca Gonzales (Mother) Normando Hernández González (born Camagüey, October 21, 1969) is a Cuban writer and journalist who now lives in the United States. He was the youngest of 75 persons rounded up by Cuban authorities on March 18, 2003, a day that is now commonly known as “Black Spring.” Arrested for having criticized conditions under the Fidel Castro government, he was held for seven years in various prisons, from 2003 to 2010. During his incarceration, he spent long periods in solitary confinement and was subject to beatings and torture. Released in 2010 as a result of efforts by the Catholic Church and the government of Spain, Hernández spent several months in Madrid, where, he later said, he and his family were treating abusively by Spanish authorities, whom he accused of serving as accomplices to “the Castro brothers.” In 2011, he accepted asylum in the U.S., where he founded the Cuban Institute for Freedom of Expression and the Press and the Cuban Foundation for Human Rights and became a Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellow at the National Endowment for Democracy. Early life and education Hernández is a self-taught journalist who founded the Camagüey College of Independent Journalists in his hometown of Camagüey. He is the son of Normando Hernández and Blanca Rosa González. His wife is Yarai Reyes Marin. Arrest On March 18, 2003, a day that would later become known as “Black Spring,” Hernández and 74 other journalists, writers, and human-rights activists were rounded up by Cuban authorities in an extensive crackdown on dissent. Under Article 91 of Cuba's Criminal Code, Hernández was sentenced to 25 years for writing about the poor quality of government services and for criticizing the state's management of tourism, agriculture, fishing, and other industries. Imprisonment 2003-2006 In August 2003, he and seven other prisoners held a hunger strike to protest prison conditions. As a result, Hernández was moved to Kilo 5½ prison in Pinar del Río, more than 400 miles from Camagüey. In a prison essay in which he described in detail the meals he was given, Hernández wrote that “prisoners in Cuba are being held in conditions similar to pigs in a pigsty.” In March 2004, Hernández's wife, Yaraí Reyes Marín, was given permission to visit him and traveled to Pinar del Rio. At the prison she was stripped and interrogated and denied access to her husband. She also found out that Hernández had allegedly been beaten by the prison's security chief. He was in very poor health, but was being denied medical care. In December 2006, Hernández suffered fainting spells and was admitted to the Amalia Simoni Provincial Hospital in Camagüey. Although he was in critical condition, he was kept for a week in a room without a bed, table, or chair, where he sat on a bucket and had his food pushed under the door on a tray. On December 27, 2006, Hernández was sent from the hospital to Kilo 7 prison in Camagüey on the grounds that the hospital lacked the resources needed to treat him. In prison, his health further deteriorated and he lost over 35 pounds. On September 14, 2007, Hernández was transferred from Kilo 7 Prison to the Carlos J. Finlay Military Hospital in Havana, where he was diagnosed with several digestive ailments. As his health deteriorated, the PEN American Center and other groups campaigned with increasing urgency for the release of Hernández and other “Black Spring” inmates. In April 2007, the Costa Rican legislature, at the urging of Hernández's mother, granted Hernández a humanitarian visa. In June, Cuban authorities announced their refusal to give him an exit permit. 2007-Release On August 14, 2007, Bloomberg reporter Jeremy Gerard reported that Costa Rican legislator Jose Manuel Echandi Meza, whose attempts to secure Hernández's release had previously been rebuffed by the Cuban government, had “redoubled his efforts” and was now working with an unnamed “Western European government.” On September 10, 2007, Echandi Meza formally complained to the UN about the conditions under which Hernández was being held. After the February 28, 2008, signing by Cuba's Foreign Minister, Felipe Perez Roque, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), which guarantee a multitude of rights, including freedom of opinion and expression and freedom from cruel, degrading treatment, Larry Siems of the PEN American Center called on Cuba “to move quickly to abide by the terms of these covenants” by releasing Hernández and other dissidents still in prison. On May 7, 2008, Hernández was secretly moved from the Finlay Hospital, where he was still receiving “essential medical treatments,” to Kilo 7 Prison, where he was placed in solitary confinement. In May, a fellow dissident, Marta Beatriz Roque, informed a reporter that Hernández's cell was “known as the ‘cell of the condemned” and that the conditions under which he was living were “subhuman.” He had no light or potable water, “and the heat is unbearable.” Also, he was being fed “two spoonfuls of rice with worms, watery meat, lentils and a rotten mass, commonly known as ‘dog vomit.’” On January 8, 2009, after developing a growth on his Adam's apple, Hernández was transferred to a Havana prison hospital, Combinado del Este. Six weeks later, on February 25, he was returned to Kilo 7, even more ill, according to his wife, Yarai Reyes Marin, than when he had been admitted to the hospital. Reportedly, he had been given “only cursory examinations” at the hospital and was down to 114 pounds. Reyes Martin told a reporter that she believed Hernández was being held, even as some other dissidents were being released, “because he insists upon his status as a political prisoner....He refuses to subjugate himself. The prisoners look up to him. So the prison authorities hate him even more.” Asked if she wished Hernández would “bend a little in order to come home to his family,” she said no. “He’s been through so much -- only to cave in now? He would rather be dead than dishonored.” In October 2009, Hernández was again admitted to Combinado del Este, this time with left ventricular atrophy and polyps on his gallbladder. Amnesty International declared Hernández a prisoner of conscience in March 2010. In 2007 González received in absentia the Dr.Rainer Hildebrandt Human Rights Award endowed by Alexandra Hildebrandt. The award is given annually in recognition of extraordinary, non-violent commitment to human rights. In 2010, the committee to Protect Journalists published a short piece by Hernández about his life in prison, with “the murmurs of suffering, the plaintive screams of torture, the screeching bars, the unmistakable music of padlocks, the garrulous sentinels....the dismal silence of those petrified dungeons. The eternally cold nights spent in punishment cells. The rats, the cockroaches, the spiders...and most of all the swarm of mosquitoes that drained my blood every second of my ephemeral existence in that hell.” He described the food: “the burundanga, that main course composed, so they say, of animal guts, but which everyone knows contains skull, brain and even excrement,” and the “rotten tenca, the fish that resembled a magnet covered with pins when it was served to us.” Exile Spain On July 10, 2010, as a result of talks between the Cuban government, the Catholic Church, and the Spanish foreign minister, Hernández and two other “Black Spring” dissidents, Dr. José Luis García Paneque and Léster Luis González Pentón, were released from prison. On July 13 Hernández, his wife, his daughter, and the two other dissidents flew from Havana to Spain. PEN American Center President Kwame Anthony Appiah called his release “a very hopeful sign” and “an enormous relief to PEN and to all those around the world who have followed his ordeal.” Hernández and the other dissidents who were flown to Spain were given the option of staying in Spain or living in United States or Chile, both of which had offered the men asylum. Hernández and his family spent what a reporter would later describe as “a jarring 10 months at a shabby hostel in an industrial section of Madrid.” Hernández complained that in Madrid, he and his family had not found freedom, but had instead been treated with contempt and cruelty. “We had no status in Spain, ninguno,” he said. “Once we arrived, we asked for political asylum. We got no response. By the time I left after 10 months, the Spanish government, in violation of its own law, had still not responded to my petition for political asylum.” During his time in Spain, Hernández was invited to a conference in Norway, but Spanish officials refused to let him go, purportedly because of his “International Protection in Spain” and “Political Asylum” status, but really, in his view, because the Spanish government was serving as an “accomplice to the totalitarian government of the Castro brothers.” He wrote an essay describing in detail his “trip which never happened.” United States In May 2011, Hernández, his wife, Yarai, and their 9-year-old daughter, Daniela, moved from Madrid to Miami. After settling in Miami, Hernández founded the Cuban Institute for Freedom of Expression and the Press, which promotes citizen journalism in Cuba. He also co-founded the Cuban Foundation for Human Rights. In February 2012, Hernández testified before the House Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, and Human Rights. On June 7, 2012, Hernández testified before the Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere. In another March 2013 interview, he described his new life in exile. “I had to relearn how to live with my wife and daughter. They also had to get used to me....It's very hard to live away from your own country, but it is important to enjoy a life of freedom.” He said he was happy to see his daughter thriving in her studies and also happy to support his fellow Cubans' struggle for freedom.” In 2015, University of New Orleans Press released a memoir about Hernández's experiences in Cuba entitled Normando Hernández González: 7 Years In Prison For Writing About Bread. References ^ "Normando Gonzalez". George W. Bush Institute. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "NORMANDO HERNANDEZ GONZALEZ". Payolibre. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "NORMANDO HERNANDEZ GONZALEZ". Payolibre. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Normando Hernández González Removed from Hospital, Returned to Prison". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Normando Hernández González". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "On Fifth Anniversary of Cuba's Black Spring, 28 Writers Still Imprisoned". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Normando Hernández González Removed from Hospital, Returned to Prison". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ Gerard, Jeremy. "Cuban Exile, Free in Miami, Recalls Abuse in Spain: Interview". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Cochicárcel". Cubanet. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Normando Hernández González". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Normando Hernández González". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ Gerard, Jeremy. "Cuba Keeps Writer in Jail: No Medicine for Hernandez Gonzalez". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Normando Hernández González". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "On Fifth Anniversary of Cuba's Black Spring, 28 Writers Still Imprisoned". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Normando Hernández González". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ Gerard, Jeremy. "Sick Cuban Writer Gonzales Is Back in Raul Castro's Fetid Jail". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ Gerard, Jeremy. "Sick Cuban Writer Gonzales Is Back in Raul Castro's Fetid Jail". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Normando Hernández González". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Normando Hernández González". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Normando Hernández". Oslo Freedom Forum. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-10-14. Retrieved 2016-10-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ "Trying to forget: Torture haunts freed Cuban journalist". The Committee to Protect Journalists. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "PEN President Appiah Reacts to the Release of Normando Hernández González in Cuba". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Spain Limits Human Rights of Ex-Cuban Prisoner of Conscience Normando Hernandez / Voices From Exile". Translating Cuba. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Normando Hernández: "Tras la cárcel recuperé mi familia"". Diario Las Americas. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Normando Hernández". Oslo Freedom Forum. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Normando González". Cuba Testigos. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Democracy and Human Rights in Cuba: The Legacy of Oswaldo Payá Sardiñas". The National Endowment for Democracy. Retrieved May 4, 2013. ^ "Normando Hernández: "Tras la cárcel recuperé mi familia"". Diario Las Americas. Retrieved May 4, 2013. External links Normando Hernández González Freedom Collection interview Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF National Spain United States
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His wife is Yarai Reyes Marin.[3]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"journalists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism"},{"link_name":"tourism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism"},{"link_name":"agriculture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"On March 18, 2003, a day that would later become known as “Black Spring,” Hernández and 74 other journalists, writers, and human-rights activists were rounded up by Cuban authorities in an extensive crackdown on dissent. Under Article 91 of Cuba's Criminal Code, Hernández was sentenced to 25 years for writing about the poor quality of government services and for criticizing the state's management of tourism, agriculture, fishing, and other industries.[4]","title":"Arrest"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Imprisonment"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Yaraí Reyes Marín","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yara%C3%AD_Reyes_Mar%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"humanitarian visa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_visa"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"sub_title":"2003-2006","text":"In August 2003, he and seven other prisoners held a hunger strike to protest prison conditions. As a result, Hernández was moved to Kilo 5½ prison in Pinar del Río, more than 400 miles from Camagüey.[5][6][7][8] In a prison essay in which he described in detail the meals he was given, Hernández wrote that “prisoners in Cuba are being held in conditions similar to pigs in a pigsty.”[9]In March 2004, Hernández's wife, Yaraí Reyes Marín, was given permission to visit him and traveled to Pinar del Rio. At the prison she was stripped and interrogated and denied access to her husband. She also found out that Hernández had allegedly been beaten by the prison's security chief. He was in very poor health, but was being denied medical care. In December 2006, Hernández suffered fainting spells and was admitted to the Amalia Simoni Provincial Hospital in Camagüey. Although he was in critical condition, he was kept for a week in a room without a bed, table, or chair, where he sat on a bucket and had his food pushed under the door on a tray. On December 27, 2006, Hernández was sent from the hospital to Kilo 7 prison in Camagüey on the grounds that the hospital lacked the resources needed to treat him. In prison, his health further deteriorated and he lost over 35 pounds. On September 14, 2007, Hernández was transferred from Kilo 7 Prison to the Carlos J. Finlay Military Hospital in Havana, where he was diagnosed with several digestive ailments.[10]As his health deteriorated, the PEN American Center and other groups campaigned with increasing urgency for the release of Hernández and other “Black Spring” inmates.[11] In April 2007, the Costa Rican legislature, at the urging of Hernández's mother, granted Hernández a humanitarian visa. In June, Cuban authorities announced their refusal to give him an exit permit.[12]","title":"Imprisonment"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jeremy Gerard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeremy_Gerard&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Jose Manuel Echandi Meza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jose_Manuel_Echandi_Meza&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Felipe Perez Roque","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Perez_Roque"},{"link_name":"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Marta Beatriz Roque","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marta_Beatriz_Roque"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Havana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havana"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"Amnesty International","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty_International"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Alexandra Hildebrandt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Hildebrandt"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"sub_title":"2007-Release","text":"On August 14, 2007, Bloomberg reporter Jeremy Gerard reported that Costa Rican legislator Jose Manuel Echandi Meza, whose attempts to secure Hernández's release had previously been rebuffed by the Cuban government, had “redoubled his efforts” and was now working with an unnamed “Western European government.”[13] On September 10, 2007, Echandi Meza formally complained to the UN about the conditions under which Hernández was being held.[14]After the February 28, 2008, signing by Cuba's Foreign Minister, Felipe Perez Roque, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), which guarantee a multitude of rights, including freedom of opinion and expression and freedom from cruel, degrading treatment, Larry Siems of the PEN American Center called on Cuba “to move quickly to abide by the terms of these covenants” by releasing Hernández and other dissidents still in prison.[15]On May 7, 2008, Hernández was secretly moved from the Finlay Hospital, where he was still receiving “essential medical treatments,” to Kilo 7 Prison, where he was placed in solitary confinement.[16]In May, a fellow dissident, Marta Beatriz Roque, informed a reporter that Hernández's cell was “known as the ‘cell of the condemned” and that the conditions under which he was living were “subhuman.” He had no light or potable water, “and the heat is unbearable.” Also, he was being fed “two spoonfuls of rice with worms, watery meat, lentils and a rotten mass, commonly known as ‘dog vomit.’”[17]On January 8, 2009, after developing a growth on his Adam's apple, Hernández was transferred to a Havana prison hospital, Combinado del Este. Six weeks later, on February 25, he was returned to Kilo 7, even more ill, according to his wife, Yarai Reyes Marin, than when he had been admitted to the hospital. Reportedly, he had been given “only cursory examinations” at the hospital and was down to 114 pounds. Reyes Martin told a reporter that she believed Hernández was being held, even as some other dissidents were being released, “because he insists upon his status as a political prisoner....He refuses to subjugate himself. The prisoners look up to him. So the prison authorities hate him even more.” Asked if she wished Hernández would “bend a little in order to come home to his family,” she said no. “He’s been through so much -- only to cave in now? He would rather be dead than dishonored.”[18][19]In October 2009, Hernández was again admitted to Combinado del Este, this time with left ventricular atrophy and polyps on his gallbladder.[20]Amnesty International declared Hernández a prisoner of conscience in March 2010.[21] \nIn 2007 González received in absentia the Dr.Rainer Hildebrandt Human Rights Award endowed by Alexandra Hildebrandt. The award is given annually in recognition of extraordinary, non-violent commitment to human rights.[22]In 2010, the committee to Protect Journalists published a short piece by Hernández about his life in prison, with “the murmurs of suffering, the plaintive screams of torture, the screeching bars, the unmistakable music of padlocks, the garrulous sentinels....the dismal silence of those petrified dungeons. The eternally cold nights spent in punishment cells. The rats, the cockroaches, the spiders...and most of all the swarm of mosquitoes that drained my blood every second of my ephemeral existence in that hell.” He described the food: “the burundanga, that main course composed, so they say, of animal guts, but which everyone knows contains skull, brain and even excrement,” and the “rotten tenca, the fish that resembled a magnet covered with pins when it was served to us.”[23]","title":"Imprisonment"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Exile"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"}],"sub_title":"Spain","text":"On July 10, 2010, as a result of talks between the Cuban government, the Catholic Church, and the Spanish foreign minister, Hernández and two other “Black Spring” dissidents, Dr. José Luis García Paneque and Léster Luis González Pentón, were released from prison. On July 13 Hernández, his wife, his daughter, and the two other dissidents flew from Havana to Spain. PEN American Center President Kwame Anthony Appiah called his release “a very hopeful sign” and “an enormous relief to PEN and to all those around the world who have followed his ordeal.”[24]Hernández and the other dissidents who were flown to Spain were given the option of staying in Spain or living in United States or Chile, both of which had offered the men asylum.[25] Hernández and his family spent what a reporter would later describe as “a jarring 10 months at a shabby hostel in an industrial section of Madrid.” Hernández complained that in Madrid, he and his family had not found freedom, but had instead been treated with contempt and cruelty. “We had no status in Spain, ninguno,” he said. “Once we arrived, we asked for political asylum. We got no response. By the time I left after 10 months, the Spanish government, in violation of its own law, had still not responded to my petition for political asylum.”[26]During his time in Spain, Hernández was invited to a conference in Norway, but Spanish officials refused to let him go, purportedly because of his “International Protection in Spain” and “Political Asylum” status, but really, in his view, because the Spanish government was serving as an “accomplice to the totalitarian government of the Castro brothers.” He wrote an essay describing in detail his “trip which never happened.”[27]","title":"Exile"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Madrid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid"},{"link_name":"Miami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"Cuban Institute for Freedom of Expression and the Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Institute_for_Freedom_of_Expression_and_the_Press&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"citizen journalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_journalism"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"Normando Hernández González: 7 Years In Prison For Writing About Bread","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//unopress.org/store/nonfiction/Normando.aspx"}],"sub_title":"United States","text":"In May 2011, Hernández, his wife, Yarai, and their 9-year-old daughter, Daniela, moved from Madrid to Miami.[28]After settling in Miami, Hernández founded the Cuban Institute for Freedom of Expression and the Press, which promotes citizen journalism in Cuba.[29] He also co-founded the Cuban Foundation for Human Rights.[30]In February 2012, Hernández testified before the House Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, and Human Rights.[31] On June 7, 2012, Hernández testified before the Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere.[32]In another March 2013 interview, he described his new life in exile. “I had to relearn how to live with my wife and daughter. They also had to get used to me....It's very hard to live away from your own country, but it is important to enjoy a life of freedom.” He said he was happy to see his daughter thriving in her studies and also happy to support his fellow Cubans' struggle for freedom.”[33]In 2015, University of New Orleans Press released a memoir about Hernández's experiences in Cuba entitled Normando Hernández González: 7 Years In Prison For Writing About Bread.","title":"Exile"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"Normando Gonzalez\". George W. Bush Institute. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.freedomcollection.org/interviews/normando_hernndez/","url_text":"\"Normando Gonzalez\""}]},{"reference":"\"NORMANDO HERNANDEZ GONZALEZ\". Payolibre. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.payolibre.com/PRESO-%20Normando%20Hernandez.htm","url_text":"\"NORMANDO HERNANDEZ GONZALEZ\""}]},{"reference":"\"NORMANDO HERNANDEZ GONZALEZ\". Payolibre. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.payolibre.com/PRESO-%20Normando%20Hernandez.htm","url_text":"\"NORMANDO HERNANDEZ GONZALEZ\""}]},{"reference":"\"Normando Hernández González Removed from Hospital, Returned to Prison\". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pen.org/press-release/2008/05/30/normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-gonz%C3%A1lez-removed-hospital-returned-prison","url_text":"\"Normando Hernández González Removed from Hospital, Returned to Prison\""}]},{"reference":"\"Normando Hernández González\". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://pen.org/advocacy-case/normando-hernandez-gonzalez/;","url_text":"\"Normando Hernández González\""}]},{"reference":"\"On Fifth Anniversary of Cuba's Black Spring, 28 Writers Still Imprisoned\". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pen.org/press-release/2008/03/18/fifth-anniversary-cubas-black-spring-28-writers-still-imprisoned","url_text":"\"On Fifth Anniversary of Cuba's Black Spring, 28 Writers Still Imprisoned\""}]},{"reference":"\"Normando Hernández González Removed from Hospital, Returned to Prison\". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pen.org/press-release/2008/05/30/normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-gonz%C3%A1lez-removed-hospital-returned-prison","url_text":"\"Normando Hernández González Removed from Hospital, Returned to Prison\""}]},{"reference":"Gerard, Jeremy. \"Cuban Exile, Free in Miami, Recalls Abuse in Spain: Interview\". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-26/cuban-political-exile-now-in-miami-recalls-abuse-in-spain-jeremy-gerard.html","url_text":"\"Cuban Exile, Free in Miami, Recalls Abuse in Spain: Interview\""}]},{"reference":"\"Cochicárcel\". Cubanet. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.cubanet.org/CNews/y04/feb04/17a1.htm","url_text":"\"Cochicárcel\""}]},{"reference":"\"Normando Hernández González\". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pen.org/defending-writers/normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-gonz%C3%A1lez","url_text":"\"Normando Hernández González\""}]},{"reference":"\"José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain\". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pen.org/press-release/2010/07/14/jos%C3%A9-luis-garc%C3%ADa-l%C3%A9ster-gonz%C3%A1lez-and-normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-arrive-safely-spain","url_text":"\"José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain\""}]},{"reference":"\"Normando Hernández González\". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pen.org/defending-writers/normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-gonz%C3%A1lez","url_text":"\"Normando Hernández González\""}]},{"reference":"Gerard, Jeremy. \"Cuba Keeps Writer in Jail: No Medicine for Hernandez Gonzalez\". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=amAtUZlQ8sAE","url_text":"\"Cuba Keeps Writer in Jail: No Medicine for Hernandez Gonzalez\""}]},{"reference":"\"Normando Hernández González\". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pen.org/defending-writers/normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-gonz%C3%A1lez","url_text":"\"Normando Hernández González\""}]},{"reference":"\"On Fifth Anniversary of Cuba's Black Spring, 28 Writers Still Imprisoned\". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pen.org/press-release/2008/03/18/fifth-anniversary-cubas-black-spring-28-writers-still-imprisoned","url_text":"\"On Fifth Anniversary of Cuba's Black Spring, 28 Writers Still Imprisoned\""}]},{"reference":"\"Normando Hernández González\". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pen.org/defending-writers/normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-gonz%C3%A1lez","url_text":"\"Normando Hernández González\""}]},{"reference":"Gerard, Jeremy. \"Sick Cuban Writer Gonzales Is Back in Raul Castro's Fetid Jail\". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=email_en&refer=muse&sid=aALhSW9Olm9U","url_text":"\"Sick Cuban Writer Gonzales Is Back in Raul Castro's Fetid Jail\""}]},{"reference":"Gerard, Jeremy. \"Sick Cuban Writer Gonzales Is Back in Raul Castro's Fetid Jail\". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=email_en&refer=muse&sid=aALhSW9Olm9U","url_text":"\"Sick Cuban Writer Gonzales Is Back in Raul Castro's Fetid Jail\""}]},{"reference":"\"Normando Hernández González\". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pen.org/defending-writers/normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-gonz%C3%A1lez","url_text":"\"Normando Hernández González\""}]},{"reference":"\"Normando Hernández González\". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pen.org/defending-writers/normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-gonz%C3%A1lez","url_text":"\"Normando Hernández González\""}]},{"reference":"\"Normando Hernández\". Oslo Freedom Forum. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.oslofreedomforum.com/speakers/Normando-Hernandez.html","url_text":"\"Normando Hernández\""}]},{"reference":"\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on 2016-10-14. Retrieved 2016-10-05.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20161014062100/http://www.igfm.de/alt-archiv/wir-ueber-uns-alt/chronik-der-igfm/2007/verleihung-des-internationalen-menschenrechtspreises-2007/","url_text":"\"Archived copy\""},{"url":"http://www.igfm.de/alt-archiv/wir-ueber-uns-alt/chronik-der-igfm/2007/verleihung-des-internationalen-menschenrechtspreises-2007/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Trying to forget: Torture haunts freed Cuban journalist\". The Committee to Protect Journalists. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.cpj.org/blog/2010/11/a-freed-cuban-journalist-tries-to-forget-his-tortu.php","url_text":"\"Trying to forget: Torture haunts freed Cuban journalist\""}]},{"reference":"\"PEN President Appiah Reacts to the Release of Normando Hernández González in Cuba\". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pen.org/press-release/2010/07/11/pen-president-appiah-reacts-release-normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-gonz%C3%A1lez-cuba","url_text":"\"PEN President Appiah Reacts to the Release of Normando Hernández González in Cuba\""}]},{"reference":"\"José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain\". PEN. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pen.org/press-release/2010/07/14/jos%C3%A9-luis-garc%C3%ADa-l%C3%A9ster-gonz%C3%A1lez-and-normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-arrive-safely-spain","url_text":"\"José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain\""}]},{"reference":"\"José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain\". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-26/cuban-political-exile-now-in-miami-recalls-abuse-in-spain-jeremy-gerard.html","url_text":"\"José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain\""}]},{"reference":"\"Spain Limits Human Rights of Ex-Cuban Prisoner of Conscience Normando Hernandez / Voices From Exile\". Translating Cuba. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://translatingcuba.com/spain-limits-human-rights-of-ex-cuban-prisoner-of-conscience-normando-hernandez-voices-from-exile/","url_text":"\"Spain Limits Human Rights of Ex-Cuban Prisoner of Conscience Normando Hernandez / Voices From Exile\""}]},{"reference":"\"José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain\". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-26/cuban-political-exile-now-in-miami-recalls-abuse-in-spain-jeremy-gerard.html","url_text":"\"José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain\""}]},{"reference":"\"Normando Hernández: \"Tras la cárcel recuperé mi familia\"\". Diario Las Americas. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.diariolasamericas.com/noticia/154229/normando-hernandez-tras-la-carcel-recupere-mi-familia","url_text":"\"Normando Hernández: \"Tras la cárcel recuperé mi familia\"\""}]},{"reference":"\"Normando Hernández\". Oslo Freedom Forum. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.oslofreedomforum.com/speakers/Normando-Hernandez.html","url_text":"\"Normando Hernández\""}]},{"reference":"\"Normando González\". Cuba Testigos. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://cubatestigos.blogspot.no/2012/02/testimonio-de-normando-hernandez.html#.UYPuejcW490","url_text":"\"Normando González\""}]},{"reference":"\"Democracy and Human Rights in Cuba: The Legacy of Oswaldo Payá Sardiñas\". The National Endowment for Democracy. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ned.org/category/region/latin-america-and-caribbean/cuba","url_text":"\"Democracy and Human Rights in Cuba: The Legacy of Oswaldo Payá Sardiñas\""}]},{"reference":"\"Normando Hernández: \"Tras la cárcel recuperé mi familia\"\". Diario Las Americas. Retrieved May 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.diariolasamericas.com/noticia/154229/normando-hernandez-tras-la-carcel-recupere-mi-familia","url_text":"\"Normando Hernández: \"Tras la cárcel recuperé mi familia\"\""}]}]
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Imprisoned\""},{"Link":"http://www.pen.org/defending-writers/normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-gonz%C3%A1lez","external_links_name":"\"Normando Hernández González\""},{"Link":"https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=email_en&refer=muse&sid=aALhSW9Olm9U","external_links_name":"\"Sick Cuban Writer Gonzales Is Back in Raul Castro's Fetid Jail\""},{"Link":"https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=email_en&refer=muse&sid=aALhSW9Olm9U","external_links_name":"\"Sick Cuban Writer Gonzales Is Back in Raul Castro's Fetid Jail\""},{"Link":"http://www.pen.org/defending-writers/normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-gonz%C3%A1lez","external_links_name":"\"Normando Hernández González\""},{"Link":"http://www.pen.org/defending-writers/normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-gonz%C3%A1lez","external_links_name":"\"Normando Hernández González\""},{"Link":"http://www.oslofreedomforum.com/speakers/Normando-Hernandez.html","external_links_name":"\"Normando 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Cuba\""},{"Link":"http://www.pen.org/press-release/2010/07/14/jos%C3%A9-luis-garc%C3%ADa-l%C3%A9ster-gonz%C3%A1lez-and-normando-hern%C3%A1ndez-arrive-safely-spain","external_links_name":"\"José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain\""},{"Link":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-26/cuban-political-exile-now-in-miami-recalls-abuse-in-spain-jeremy-gerard.html","external_links_name":"\"José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain\""},{"Link":"http://translatingcuba.com/spain-limits-human-rights-of-ex-cuban-prisoner-of-conscience-normando-hernandez-voices-from-exile/","external_links_name":"\"Spain Limits Human Rights of Ex-Cuban Prisoner of Conscience Normando Hernandez / Voices From Exile\""},{"Link":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-26/cuban-political-exile-now-in-miami-recalls-abuse-in-spain-jeremy-gerard.html","external_links_name":"\"José Luis García, Léster González, and Normando Hernández Arrive Safely in Spain\""},{"Link":"http://www.diariolasamericas.com/noticia/154229/normando-hernandez-tras-la-carcel-recupere-mi-familia","external_links_name":"\"Normando Hernández: \"Tras la cárcel recuperé mi familia\"\""},{"Link":"http://www.oslofreedomforum.com/speakers/Normando-Hernandez.html","external_links_name":"\"Normando Hernández\""},{"Link":"http://cubatestigos.blogspot.no/2012/02/testimonio-de-normando-hernandez.html#.UYPuejcW490","external_links_name":"\"Normando González\""},{"Link":"http://www.ned.org/category/region/latin-america-and-caribbean/cuba","external_links_name":"\"Democracy and Human Rights in Cuba: The Legacy of Oswaldo Payá Sardiñas\""},{"Link":"http://www.diariolasamericas.com/noticia/154229/normando-hernandez-tras-la-carcel-recupere-mi-familia","external_links_name":"\"Normando Hernández: \"Tras la cárcel recuperé mi familia\"\""},{"Link":"http://www.freedomcollection.org/interviews/normando_hernndez/","external_links_name":"Normando Hernández González"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000121964923","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/160086879","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5014446","external_links_name":"Spain"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2010208236","external_links_name":"United States"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaguanc%C3%B3
Guaguancó
["1 Percussion","1.1 Clave","1.2 Guagua","1.3 Quinto","2 Song","3 Dance","4 Selected discography","5 References"]
Subgenre of Cuban rumba Music of Cuba General topics Related articles Genres Afro Afro-Cuban jazz Bakosó Bolero (filin) Canción Chachachá Charanga Conga Contradanza (habanera) Criolla Cubatón Danzón Descarga Guajira Guaracha Hip hop Mambo Mozambique Nueva trova Pachanga Pilón Pregón Punto guajiro Rock Rumba (guaguancó, columbia, yambú, batá-rumba, guarapachangueo) Son (montuno) Songo Timba Trova Specific forms Religious music Abakuá Arará Iyesá Makuta Palo Santería Yuka Traditional music Changüí Coros de clave Kiribá Nengón Tumba francesa Media and performance Music awards Beny Moré Award Nationalistic and patriotic songs National anthem La Bayamesa Regional music Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Aruba and the Dutch Antilles Bahamas Barbados Bermuda Bonaire Cayman Islands Curaçao Dominica Dominican Republic Grenada Guadeloupe Guyana Haiti Jamaica Louisiana Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico St Kitts and Nevis St Lucia St Vincent and Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Virgin Islands Venezuela vte Guaguancó (Spanish pronunciation: ) is a subgenre of Cuban rumba, combining percussion, voices, and dance. There are two main styles: Havana and Matanzas. Percussion battery of three conga drummers: the tumba (lowest), tres dos (middle, playing a counter-clave), and quinto (highest, and lead drum). These parts may also be played on cajones, wooden boxes. claves usually played by a singer guagua (aka Catà) (hollowed piece of bamboo) maraca and/or a chekeré playing the main beats Other instruments may be used on occasion, for example spoons, palitos (wooden sticks striking the side of the drum), and tables and walls played like drums. Clave Rumba clave in duple-pulse and triple-pulse structures Rumba clave is the key pattern (guide pattern) used in guaguancó. There is some debate as to how the 4/4 rumba clave should be notated for guaguancó. In actual practice, the third and fourth stroke often fall in rhythmic positions that do not fit neatly into music notation. Triple-pulse strokes can be substituted for duple-pulse strokes. Also, the clave strokes are sometimes displaced in such a way that they don't fall within either a triple-pulse or duple-pulse "grid". Therefore, many variations are possible. Guagua The guagua pattern (also known as palitos, or cáscara) contains all of the strokes of clave. Matanzas-style guaguancó guagua pattern Quinto All modes of quinto in context. Quinto excerpt from "La polémica" by Los Muñequitos de Matanzas (1988). The following nine-measure excerpt is from the guaguancó “La polémica" by Los Muñequitos de Matanzas (1988). This passage moves between the main modes of playing (A,B,C). The A section is the basic lock or ride, as it is known in North America. It spans one clave (measure). An alternate phrase (B) is also one measure in length. Cross-beats, the basis of the third section (C), contradict the meter. By alternating between the lock and the cross, the quinto creates larger rhythmic phrases that expand and contract over several clave cycles. The great Los Muñequintos quintero Jesús Alfonso (1949–2009) described this phenomenon as a man getting "drunk at a party, going outside for a while, and then coming back inside." Song The term guaguancó originally referred to a narrative song style (coros de guaguancó) which emerged from the coros de claves of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Rogelio Martínez Furé states: " old folks contend that strictly speaking, the guaguancó is the narrative." The guaguancó song often begins with the soloist singing meaningless syllables, which is called the diana. According to Larry Crook, the diana is important because it "... also contains the first choral refrain. The lead singer provides a phrase or motive for the choral sections, or they may present new, but related material. Parallel harmonies are usually built above or below a melodic line, with thirds, sixths, and octaves most common." Therefore, the singer who is presented with singing the diana initiates the beginning of the guaguancó. He then may proceed to improvise lyrics stating the reason for holding the present rumba ('decimar'; span.: to make ten-line stanzas), During the verses of the song the quinto is capable of sublime creativity, while musically subordinate to the lead vocalist. There are natural pauses in the cadence of the verses, typically one or two measures in length, where the quinto can play succinct phrases in the "holes" left by the singer. Once the chorus (or montuno section) of the song begins, the phrases of the quinto interact with the dancers more than the lead singer. Dance Guaguancó is an Afro Cuban couple dance of sexual competition between the male and female. The male periodically attempts to "catch" his partner with a single thrust of his pelvis. This erotic movement is called the vacunao (‘vaccination’ or more specifically ‘injection’), a gesture derived from yuka and makuta , symbolizing sexual penetration. The vacunao can also be expressed with a sudden gesture made by the hand or foot. The quinto often accents the vacunao, usually as the resolution to a phrase spanning more than one cycle of clave. Holding onto the ends of her skirt while seductively moving her upper and lower body in contrary motion, the female "opens" and "closes" her skirt in rhythmic cadence with the music. The male attempts to distract the female with fancy (often counter-metric) steps, accented by the quinto, until he is in position to "inject" her. The female reacts by quickly turning away, bringing the ends of her skirts together, or covering her groin area with her hand (botao), symbolically blocking the "injection." Most of the time the male dancer does not succeed in "catching" his partner. The dance is performed with good-natured humor—David Peñalosa. Vernon Boggs states that the woman's "dancing expertise resides in her ability to entice the male while skillfully avoiding being touched by his vacunao." The pattern of quinto strokes and the pattern of the man's dance steps are at times identical, and at other times, imaginatively matched. The quinto player must be able to switch phrases immediately in response to the dancer’s ever-changing steps. Selected discography Songs and Dances (Conjunto Clave y Guaguancó) Xenophile CD 4023 (1990). Déjala en la puntica (Conjunto Clave y Guaguancó) Egrem CD0211 (1996). Rapsodia rumbera (El Goyo) Egrem CD 0121 (1995). Aniversario (Tata Güines) Egrem CD 0156 (1996). Guaguancó, v. 1 (Los Muñequitos , Papin) Antilla CD 565 (1956, 1958). Guaguancó, v. 2 (Los Muñequitos , Papin) Antilla CD 595 (1958). Rumba caliente (Los Muñequitos) Qbadisc CD 9005 (1977, 1988). Vacunao (Los Muñequitos) Qbadisc CD 9017 (1995). Ito iban echu (Los Muñequitos) Qbadisc CD 9022 (1996). Rumberos de corazón (Los Muñequitos) Pimienta CD 566-2 (2003). Tambor de fuego (Los Muñequitos) BIS CD 296 (2007). D’palo pa rumba (Los Muñequitos) BIS CD 745 (2009). Oye men listen . . . guaguancó (Los Papines) Bravo CD 105 . Homenaje a mis colegas (Los Papines) Vitral CD 4105 (1989). Tambores cubanos (Los Papines) Bárbaro CD 239 (1995). Papines en descarga (Los Papines) Orfeón CD 16181 (2001). Siguen OK (Los Papines) Egrem CD (2004). El tambor de Cuba (Chano Pozo) Tumbao CD box set 305 (1947). Drums and Chants (Mongo Santamaría) Vaya CD 56 (1954). Afro Roots (Mongo Santamaría) Prestige CD 24018-2 (1958, 1959 ). Festival in Havana (Ignacio Piñeiro) Milestone CD 9337-2 (1955). Patato y Totico (Patato Valdés) Verve CD 5037 (1968). Authority (Patato Valdés) LPV CD 103 (1976). Ready for Freddy (Patato Valdés) LPV CD 104 (1976). Ritmo afro-cubano (Carlos Vidal Bolado) sides 7, 8 SMC 2520 78 rpm phonorecord (ca. 1949). El callejón de los rumberos (Yoruba Andabo) PM CD DM203 (1993). Guaguancó afro-cubano (Alberto Zayas) Panart 2055 (1955, 1956). References ^ Santos, John (1986: 32) "The Clave: Cornerstone of Cuban Music" Modern Drummer Magazine Sept. ^ "Rumba Clave: An Illustrated Analysis", Rumba Clave, BlogSpot. 21 Jan. 2008. "One thing is certain: What you see in standard western notation as written-clave is a long way from what's actually played." ^ Spiro, Michael (2006: 38). The Conga Drummer's Guidebook. Petaluma, CA: Sher Music Co. ^ "La polémica" (1:57), Rumba Caliente (Los Muñequitos de Matanzas) Qubadisc CD 9005 (1977, 1988). ^ Peñalosa, David (2011: 86). Alfonso quoted by Peñalosa. Rumba Quinto. Redway, CA: Bembe Books. ISBN 1-4537-1313-1 ^ Martínez Furé, Rogelio (1963) Conjunto Folklórico Nacional de Cuba. Catalogue. ^ Crook, Larry (1982: 92)."A Musical Analysis of the Cuban Rumba" Latin American Music Review. 3.1 ^ Peñalosa, David (2011: xiii) Rumba Quinto. Redway, CA: Bembe Books. ISBN 1-4537-1313-1 ^ Boggs, Vernon (1992). Salsiology. vteCuban musical forms, genres and styles bolero cha-cha-chá changüí columbia conga criolla danzón danzonete filin guaguancó guaracha guajira habanera mambo mozambique pachanga pilón pregón punto guajiro son son montuno songo timba yambú vteMusic genres in the HispanosphereAndean Bambuco Carnavalito Diablada Huayno Morenada Saya Tinku Spaniard folk Catalan rumba Copla Fandango Flamenco Alboreá Bulerías Cantiñas Flamenco jazz Rumba flamenca Saeta Soleá Folia Isa (from Canary Islands) Jota Malagueña Pasodoble Tajaraste Zarzuela Latin urban Hip hop House Reggae R&B Trap Reggaeton Alternative Bachatón Moombahton Neoperreo Panamanian Litoraleña Chamarrita Guarania Paraguayan polka Chamamé Peruvian coastal Afro-Peruvian music Festejo Landó Son de los Diablos Toro Mata Marinera Tondero Vals Zamacueca Latin pop Ballad Colombian Mexican Nueva canción Nueva trova RegionalMexican Corrido Conjunto Norteño Nortec Tejano Grupera Duranguense Banda Mariachi Jarabe Ranchera Trival Southern Cone Candombe Cueca Música cebolla Milonga Murga Tango Argentine tango Milonga Vals Neotango Nuevo tango Uruguayan tango Bandoneon Orquesta típica Rock Alternative Argentine Chicano Chilean Colombian Cuban Dominican Ecuadorian Latin rock Metal Mexican Nueva ola Peruvian Puerto Rican Spanish Uruguayan Venezuelan Traditional folk Chacarera Gaita zuliana Gato Joropo Mexican Son huasteco jalisciense jarocho Tonada Zamacueca Cueca Marinera Zamba Tropical Bachata Bolero Calypso Cha-cha-cha Champeta Changüí Charanga Conga Cuarteto Danzón Guajira Guaracha Mambo Merengue Méringue Pachanga Rumba Guaguancó Salsa dura romántica Son cubano montuno Timba Trova Vallenato (Charanga-vallenata) Cumbia Argentine Bullerengue Colombian Mexican New Chilean Panamanian Peruvian Porro Rap Tecnocumbia Villera Cachaca Afro-Latin Afro-Peruvian music Bomba Bomba del Chota Candombe Latin jazz Afro-Cuban jazz Mapalé Milonga Tambor Tropical music Other genres Aguinaldo Canción melódica Christian Contradanza Criolla Danza Décima Pasacalle Pasillo Plena Pregón Punto guajiro Seis Spanish opera Spanish jazz Villancico Related Latin music Hispanic-influenced music in the Philippines
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[ɡwaɣwaŋˈko]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish"},{"link_name":"Cuban rumba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_rumba"}],"text":"Guaguancó (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡwaɣwaŋˈko]) is a subgenre of Cuban rumba, combining percussion, voices, and dance. There are two main styles: Havana and Matanzas.","title":"Guaguancó"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"conga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conga"},{"link_name":"quinto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinto_(drum)"},{"link_name":"cajones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caj%C3%B3n_de_rumba"},{"link_name":"claves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claves"},{"link_name":"guagua","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guagua_(instrument)"},{"link_name":"maraca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maraca"},{"link_name":"palitos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palitos"}],"text":"battery of three conga drummers: the tumba (lowest), tres dos (middle, playing a counter-clave), and quinto (highest, and lead drum). These parts may also be played on cajones, wooden boxes.\nclaves usually played by a singer\nguagua (aka Catà) (hollowed piece of bamboo)\nmaraca and/or a chekeré playing the main beatsOther instruments may be used on occasion, for example spoons, palitos (wooden sticks striking the side of the drum), and tables and walls played like drums.","title":"Percussion"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rumba_Clave_Pattern.svg"},{"link_name":"Rumba clave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)"},{"link_name":"key pattern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_pattern"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"sub_title":"Clave","text":"Rumba clave in duple-pulse and triple-pulse structuresRumba clave is the key pattern (guide pattern) used in guaguancó. There is some debate as to how the 4/4 rumba clave should be notated for guaguancó.[1] In actual practice, the third and fourth stroke often fall in rhythmic positions that do not fit neatly into music notation.[2] Triple-pulse strokes can be substituted for duple-pulse strokes. Also, the clave strokes are sometimes displaced in such a way that they don't fall within either a triple-pulse or duple-pulse \"grid\".[3] Therefore, many variations are possible.","title":"Percussion"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Matanzas-style_guagua.tif"}],"sub_title":"Guagua","text":"The guagua pattern (also known as palitos, or cáscara) contains all of the strokes of clave.Matanzas-style guaguancó guagua pattern","title":"Percussion"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rumba_quinto_modes.jpg"},{"link_name":"Los Muñequitos de Matanzas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Mu%C3%B1equitos_de_Matanzas"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Cross-beats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-beat"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"sub_title":"Quinto","text":"All modes of quinto in context. Quinto excerpt from \"La polémica\" by Los Muñequitos de Matanzas (1988).The following nine-measure excerpt is from the guaguancó “La polémica\" by Los Muñequitos de Matanzas (1988).[4] This passage moves between the main modes of playing (A,B,C). The A section is the basic lock or ride, as it is known in North America. It spans one clave (measure). An alternate phrase (B) is also one measure in length. Cross-beats, the basis of the third section (C), contradict the meter. By alternating between the lock and the cross, the quinto creates larger rhythmic phrases that expand and contract over several clave cycles. The great Los Muñequintos quintero Jesús Alfonso (1949–2009) described this phenomenon as a man getting \"drunk at a party, going outside for a while, and then coming back inside.\"[5]","title":"Percussion"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"coros de claves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coros_de_clave"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"refrain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrain"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"montuno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montuno"}],"text":"The term guaguancó originally referred to a narrative song style (coros de guaguancó) which emerged from the coros de claves of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Rogelio Martínez Furé states: \"[The] old folks contend that strictly speaking, the guaguancó is the narrative.\"[6] The guaguancó song often begins with the soloist singing meaningless syllables, which is called the diana. According to Larry Crook, the diana is important because it \"... also contains the first choral refrain. The lead singer provides a phrase or motive for the choral sections, or they may present new, but related material. Parallel harmonies are usually built above or below a melodic line, with thirds, sixths, and octaves most common.\"[7] Therefore, the singer who is presented with singing the diana initiates the beginning of the guaguancó. He then may proceed to improvise lyrics stating the reason for holding the present rumba ('decimar'; span.: to make ten-line stanzas), During the verses of the song the quinto is capable of sublime creativity, while musically subordinate to the lead vocalist. There are natural pauses in the cadence of the verses, typically one or two measures in length, where the quinto can play succinct phrases in the \"holes\" left by the singer. Once the chorus (or montuno section) of the song begins, the phrases of the quinto interact with the dancers more than the lead singer.","title":"Song"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"yuka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuka_(music)"},{"link_name":"makuta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makuta_(drum)"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Guaguancó is an Afro Cuban couple dance of sexual competition between the male and female. The male periodically attempts to \"catch\" his partner with a single thrust of his pelvis. This erotic movement is called the vacunao (‘vaccination’ or more specifically ‘injection’), a gesture derived from yuka and makuta [dances], symbolizing sexual penetration. The vacunao can also be expressed with a sudden gesture made by the hand or foot. The quinto often accents the vacunao, usually as the resolution to a phrase spanning more than one cycle of clave. Holding onto the ends of her skirt while seductively moving her upper and lower body in contrary motion, the female \"opens\" and \"closes\" her skirt in rhythmic cadence with the music. The male attempts to distract the female with fancy (often counter-metric) steps, accented by the quinto, until he is in position to \"inject\" her. The female reacts by quickly turning away, bringing the ends of her skirts together, or covering her groin area with her hand (botao), symbolically blocking the \"injection.\" Most of the time the male dancer does not succeed in \"catching\" his partner. The dance is performed with good-natured humor—David Peñalosa.[8]Vernon Boggs states that the woman's \"dancing expertise resides in her ability to entice the male while skillfully avoiding being touched by his vacunao.\"[9] The pattern of quinto strokes and the pattern of the man's dance steps are at times identical, and at other times, imaginatively matched. The quinto player must be able to switch phrases immediately in response to the dancer’s ever-changing steps.","title":"Dance"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"El Goyo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_Hern%C3%A1ndez_R%C3%ADos"},{"link_name":"Tata Güines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_G%C3%BCines"},{"link_name":"Chano Pozo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chano_Pozo"},{"link_name":"Alberto Zayas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Zayas"}],"text":"Songs and Dances (Conjunto Clave y Guaguancó) Xenophile CD 4023 (1990).\nDéjala en la puntica (Conjunto Clave y Guaguancó) Egrem CD0211 (1996).\nRapsodia rumbera (El Goyo) Egrem CD 0121 (1995).\nAniversario (Tata Güines) Egrem CD 0156 (1996).\nGuaguancó, v. 1 (Los Muñequitos [Grupo Guaguancó Matancero], Papin) Antilla CD 565 (1956, 1958).\nGuaguancó, v. 2 (Los Muñequitos [Grupo Guaguancó Matancero], Papin) Antilla CD 595 (1958).\nRumba caliente (Los Muñequitos) Qbadisc CD 9005 (1977, 1988).\nVacunao (Los Muñequitos) Qbadisc CD 9017 (1995).\nIto iban echu (Los Muñequitos) Qbadisc CD 9022 (1996).\nRumberos de corazón (Los Muñequitos) Pimienta CD 566-2 (2003).\nTambor de fuego (Los Muñequitos) BIS CD 296 (2007).\nD’palo pa rumba (Los Muñequitos) BIS CD 745 (2009).\nOye men listen . . . guaguancó (Los Papines) Bravo CD 105 [n.d.].\nHomenaje a mis colegas (Los Papines) Vitral CD 4105 (1989).\nTambores cubanos (Los Papines) Bárbaro CD 239 (1995).\nPapines en descarga (Los Papines) Orfeón CD 16181 (2001).\nSiguen OK (Los Papines) Egrem CD (2004).\nEl tambor de Cuba (Chano Pozo) Tumbao CD box set 305 (1947).\nDrums and Chants [Changó] (Mongo Santamaría) Vaya CD 56 (1954).\nAfro Roots [Yambú, Mongo] (Mongo Santamaría) Prestige CD 24018-2 (1958, 1959 ).\nFestival in Havana (Ignacio Piñeiro) Milestone CD 9337-2 (1955).\nPatato y Totico (Patato Valdés) Verve CD 5037 (1968).\nAuthority (Patato Valdés) LPV CD 103 (1976).\nReady for Freddy (Patato Valdés) LPV CD 104 (1976).\nRitmo afro-cubano (Carlos Vidal Bolado) sides 7, 8 SMC 2520 78 rpm phonorecord (ca. 1949).\nEl callejón de los rumberos (Yoruba Andabo) PM CD DM203 (1993).\nGuaguancó afro-cubano (Alberto Zayas) Panart 2055 (1955, 1956).","title":"Selected discography"}]
[{"image_text":"Rumba clave in duple-pulse and triple-pulse structures","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/Rumba_Clave_Pattern.svg/400px-Rumba_Clave_Pattern.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Matanzas-style guaguancó guagua pattern","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Matanzas-style_guagua.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Matanzas-style_guagua.tif.jpg"},{"image_text":"All modes of quinto in context. Quinto excerpt from \"La polémica\" by Los Muñequitos de Matanzas (1988).","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Rumba_quinto_modes.jpg/450px-Rumba_quinto_modes.jpg"}]
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[]
[{"Link":"http://rumbaclave.blogspot.com/","external_links_name":"\"Rumba Clave: An Illustrated Analysis\""}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKGF-1-FM
CKQR-FM
["1 History","2 Rebroadcasters","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"]
Coordinates: 49°18′54″N 117°37′31″W / 49.31500°N 117.62528°W / 49.31500; -117.62528Radio station in Castlegar, British Columbia CKQR-FMCastlegar, British ColumbiaBroadcast areaKootenaysFrequency99.3 MHz (FM)BrandingThe GoatProgrammingFormatClassic rockOwnershipOwnerVista Broadcast Group(Vista Radio)Sister stationsCHNV-FMHistoryFirst air dateSeptember 22, 1969Former frequencies1340 kHz (1969–1970s)1230 kHz (1970s–1984)760 kHz (1984–1980s)Call sign meaningCentral Kootenay Quality RadioTechnical informationClassAERP333 watts average656 watts peakhorizontal polarization onlyHAAT−366.5 meters (−1,202 ft)LinksWebcastListen LiveWebsitekootenay.thegoatrocks.ca CKQR-FM is a Canadian radio station that broadcasts a classic rock format at 99.3 FM in Castlegar, British Columbia. The station is branded as The Goat and it is owned by the Vista Broadcast Group. History The station originally signed on September 22, 1969 and began broadcasting at 1230 AM in the 1970s, then moved to 760 AM in 1984 until it moved to its current frequency in 1998. CKGF began broadcasting on 1340 kHz in 1969 and moved to FM in the 1980s. In 1993, CKQR began simulcasting some of its programming on CKGF Grand Forks. On December 16, later that same year, CKQR was given approval to add an FM transmitter at Nelson, operating on 103.5 MHz, with an effective radiated power of 84 watts. The rebroadcaster in Nelson signed on the following year. On February 3, 2005, the CRTC approved the application by Valley Broadcasters Ltd. for a broadcasting licence to operate an English-language FM commercial radio programming undertaking in Nelson. The new station would operate at 103.5 MHz (channel 278A1) with an average effective radiated power of 104 watts, and would have a transmitter in Crawford Bay operating at 91.9 MHz (channel 220LP) with an ERP of 40 watts. The new station in Nelson would replace CHNV-FM, a transmitter of CKQR, also owned by Valley. At midnight on June 11, 2010, CHNV in Nelson ceased being a rebroadcaster of CKQR and moved to its own programming. It was still branded as Mountain FM and continues to have its current active rock format. On June 19, 2014, Mountain FM was rebranded as The GOAT. At 1:00 pm on March 10, 2016, CKGF Grand Forks ceased being a rebroadcaster of CKQR- and moved to its own programming. It was branded as Juice FM and operates under a variety hits format. 93.3 FM in Christina Lake, 96.7 FM in Greenwood, and 103.7 FM in Rock Creek also flipped to rebroadcast CKGF. Rebroadcasters Rebroadcasters of CKQR-FM City of license Identifier Frequency RECNet CRTC Decision Trail CHRT-FM 104.1 FM Query See also CKGF-FM References ^ Decision CRTC 84-1014 ^ Decision CRTC 98-75 ^ Decision CRTC 93-749 ^ Decision CRTC 2005-40 External links The GOAT CKQR-FM at The History of Canadian Broadcasting by the Canadian Communications Foundation CKQR-FM at The History of Canadian Broadcasting by the Canadian Communications Foundation CKQR-FM in the REC Canadian station database vteVista RadioCorporate directorsBryan Edwards (President), Gary Russell (Vice President), Joe Gabor (Director of Sales & Business), Darren Scott (Director of Creative Services)Radio stations(by call sign) CFBG CFBK CFBV CFCP CFFM CFIF CFNA CFNI CFPW CFRI CFSF CFXN CFZN CHBY CHGK CHMS CHMT CHNV CHPB CIQC CIRX CIRX-FM-1 CJCD CJCI CJCS CJFB CJJM CJSU CKAP CKAY CKBX CKCQ CKBX CKCQ CKHT CKVV CKLM CKLP CKPP CKNR CKQR CKWL CJOC CKBD CFSM CFLD CKCV CKGF CJLT Defunct: CFGM See also Haliburton Broadcasting Group 49°18′54″N 117°37′31″W / 49.31500°N 117.62528°W / 49.31500; -117.62528 This article about a radio station in British Columbia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argyrodes_pluto
Argyrodes pluto
["1 References"]
Species of spider Argyrodes pluto Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae Infraorder: Araneomorphae Family: Theridiidae Genus: Argyrodes Species: A. pluto Binomial name Argyrodes plutoBanks, 1906 Argyrodes pluto is a species of cobweb spider in the family Theridiidae. It is found in the United States, Mexico, and Jamaica. References ^ "Argyrodes pluto Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-04-23. ^ "Argyrodes pluto species details". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-04-23. ^ "Argyrodes pluto". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-04-23. ^ "Argyrodes pluto Species Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-04-23. ^ "NMBE World Spider Catalog, Argyrodes pluto". Retrieved 2018-04-23. Taxon identifiersArgyrodes pluto Wikidata: Q304917 BugGuide: 605209 CoL: GJVH EoL: 1186553 GBIF: 5170721 iNaturalist: 297965 IRMNG: 11456487 ITIS: 852235 NCBI: 1529489 Open Tree of Life: 3563595 WSC: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:007122 This Theridiidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abing
Abing
["1 Life","2 Influence","3 Notes","4 Further reading","5 External links"]
Chinese musician "a bing" redirects here. Not to be confused with bing. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Abing" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Abing, aka Hua Yanjun (17 August 1893 - 4 December 1950). This, the only extant photograph of Abing, is taken from his identity card during the Japanese occupation of Wuxi. The original is now at the Abing Ancestral House Museum in Wuxi. A reel of wire records, from the only extant collection of recordings of Abing's music Abing (Chinese: 阿炳; pinyin: Ābǐng; 17 August 1893 – 4 December 1950), born as Hua Yanjun (simplified Chinese: 华彦钧; traditional Chinese: 華彥鈞; pinyin: Huá Yànjūn) was a blind Chinese musician specializing in the erhu and pipa. Life Abing was born on August 17, 1893, in the eastern Chinese city of Wuxi to father Hua Qinghe, who was a Taoist priest. His mother was a widow, and her remarriage to a priest was resented by her family; she remained depressed and died a year after Abing's birth. Abing was raised by extended family until the age of eight, when he went to live with his father at the temple. Abing was the name used by his family. He was given the official name Hua Yanjun at this time and sent to school. Abing's father was proficient in a number of musical instruments and Taoist religious music. His father trained him in drums from the age of 10. Abing began learning the dizi at age 12, then the erhu, undergoing a rigorous set of training, such as playing the flute with weights attached to the end of the flute to increase the power of his wrist. At age 17, Abing first performed in religious ceremonies, and won acclaim for his musical talent, presentation, and voice. In 1914, upon the death of his father, Abing took charge of the temple along with his cousin. However, badly run operations at the temple, and an opium addiction, drove Abing into poverty. At the age of 34, he contracted syphilis and progressively lost sight in both his eyes. He became homeless and earned a living as an itinerant street performer. In 1939, he married Dong Cuidi (董催弟), a country widow in Jiangyin. After his marriage, Abing performed every afternoon in a public square in Wuxi. He became famous for incorporating topical issues into his music and songs, especially the war with Japan. After the performance, he would walk through the city's streets, playing the erhu. This was a period of prolificacy for Abing, and his most famous composition, Erquan Yingyue, was performed in this period. After the Japanese takeover of Wuxi, Abing travelled to Shanghai, while his wife went to her home village. In Shanghai, Abing played music for a kunqu opera company. In 1939, he returned to Wuxi and his old routine. However, his musical current affairs commentary also irked the authorities, and after 1945 he was prohibited from singing about news items at his usual place of performance. In 1947, Abing experienced a severe bout of lung disease. He stopped performing, and earned a living repairing huqin. In the summer of 1950, two professors of the Central Conservatory of Music, Yang Yinliu and Cao Anhe, both Wuxi natives, travelled to Wuxi to record Abing. By this time, Abing had not performed for almost three years. After three days' practice, and in two sessions, three erhu pieces and three pipa pieces were recorded. However, Abing's favourite piece, Meihua Sannong, was not recorded when the team ran out of blank records. The recording brought Abing wider acclaim, and in September he was offered a teaching position with the Central Conservatory of Music. However, he was by this time too ill to accept, and died on December 4, 1950. He was buried in the graveyard of the temple where he was born. His wife also died three months later. Abing's tomb in Xihui park Influence Abing's most famous piece is entitled Erquan Yingyue (二泉映月, engl.: The Moon's Reflection on the Second Spring), which is named after a spring in Wuxi (which is today part of Xihui Park). It is still played as a standard erhu piece, although it necessitates a special set of strings that are tuned lower than normal erhu strings. He was only recorded very late in his life, but despite the scarcity of documentation of his music, he is nevertheless considered to be one of the most important Chinese musicians of the 20th Century. His signature pieces have become classics of Chinese erhu and pipa music, such as "Erquan Yingyue." His music can be heard on The Norton Recordings, ninth edition. Abing's family home in Wuxi was destroyed by floodwaters in 1991, but rebuilt in 1993 and is now a memorial to Abing and his music. Notes ^ 倾心看护祖居13年不了情—— 记阿炳祖居义务看管员张爱芬 (Devoted care of the house for 13 years: the volunteer caretaker of Abing's ancestral home, Zhang Aifeng) Further reading Stock, Jonathan P. J. (1996). Musical Creativity in Twentieth-Century China: Abing, His Music, and Its Changing Meanings. Rochester, New York: University of Rochester Press. "Musical Narrative, Ideology, and the Life of Abing", Jonathan P. J. Stock, Ethnomusicology, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Winter, 1996), pp. 49–73 External links Abing biography China Central Television: The Story of Abing (in Chinese) Free scores by Abing at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) Moon Reflected on Second Spring An article about Erquan Yingyue and Abing with three music videos Authority control databases International FAST ISNI 2 VIAF WorldCat National France BnF data Germany Israel United States Netherlands Poland Artists MusicBrainz People Trove Other SNAC
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Not to be confused with bing.Abing, aka Hua Yanjun (17 August 1893 - 4 December 1950). This, the only extant photograph of Abing, is taken from his identity card during the Japanese occupation of Wuxi. The original is now at the Abing Ancestral House Museum in Wuxi.A reel of wire records, from the only extant collection of recordings of Abing's musicAbing (Chinese: 阿炳; pinyin: Ābǐng; 17 August 1893 – 4 December 1950), born as Hua Yanjun (simplified Chinese: 华彦钧; traditional Chinese: 華彥鈞; pinyin: Huá Yànjūn) was a blind Chinese musician specializing in the erhu and pipa.","title":"Abing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Wuxi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuxi"},{"link_name":"Taoist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism"},{"link_name":"Taoist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism"},{"link_name":"religious music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_music"},{"link_name":"dizi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizi_(instrument)"},{"link_name":"opium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium"},{"link_name":"syphilis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis"},{"link_name":"董","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%91%A3"},{"link_name":"催","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%82%AC"},{"link_name":"弟","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BC%9F"},{"link_name":"Jiangyin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiangyin"},{"link_name":"war with Japan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War"},{"link_name":"Shanghai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai"},{"link_name":"kunqu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunqu"},{"link_name":"huqin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huqin"},{"link_name":"Central Conservatory of Music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Conservatory_of_Music"},{"link_name":"Yang Yinliu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Yinliu"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Hua_Yanjun.jpg"}],"text":"Abing was born on August 17, 1893, in the eastern Chinese city of Wuxi to father Hua Qinghe, who was a Taoist priest. His mother was a widow, and her remarriage to a priest was resented by her family; she remained depressed and died a year after Abing's birth. Abing was raised by extended family until the age of eight, when he went to live with his father at the temple. Abing was the name used by his family. He was given the official name Hua Yanjun at this time and sent to school.Abing's father was proficient in a number of musical instruments and Taoist religious music. His father trained him in drums from the age of 10. Abing began learning the dizi at age 12, then the erhu, undergoing a rigorous set of training, such as playing the flute with weights attached to the end of the flute to increase the power of his wrist. At age 17, Abing first performed in religious ceremonies, and won acclaim for his musical talent, presentation, and voice.In 1914, upon the death of his father, Abing took charge of the temple along with his cousin. However, badly run operations at the temple, and an opium addiction, drove Abing into poverty. At the age of 34, he contracted syphilis and progressively lost sight in both his eyes. He became homeless and earned a living as an itinerant street performer. In 1939, he married Dong Cuidi (董催弟), a country widow in Jiangyin.After his marriage, Abing performed every afternoon in a public square in Wuxi. He became famous for incorporating topical issues into his music and songs, especially the war with Japan. After the performance, he would walk through the city's streets, playing the erhu. This was a period of prolificacy for Abing, and his most famous composition, Erquan Yingyue, was performed in this period.After the Japanese takeover of Wuxi, Abing travelled to Shanghai, while his wife went to her home village. In Shanghai, Abing played music for a kunqu opera company. In 1939, he returned to Wuxi and his old routine. However, his musical current affairs commentary also irked the authorities, and after 1945 he was prohibited from singing about news items at his usual place of performance. In 1947, Abing experienced a severe bout of lung disease. He stopped performing, and earned a living repairing huqin.In the summer of 1950, two professors of the Central Conservatory of Music, Yang Yinliu and Cao Anhe, both Wuxi natives, travelled to Wuxi to record Abing. By this time, Abing had not performed for almost three years. After three days' practice, and in two sessions, three erhu pieces and three pipa pieces were recorded. However, Abing's favourite piece, Meihua Sannong, was not recorded when the team ran out of blank records.The recording brought Abing wider acclaim, and in September he was offered a teaching position with the Central Conservatory of Music. However, he was by this time too ill to accept, and died on December 4, 1950. He was buried in the graveyard of the temple where he was born. His wife also died three months later.Abing's tomb in Xihui park","title":"Life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"二泉映月","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B3%89%E6%98%A0%E6%9C%88"},{"link_name":"Wuxi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuxi"},{"link_name":"Xihui Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xihui_Park"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Abing's most famous piece is entitled Erquan Yingyue (二泉映月, engl.: The Moon's Reflection on the Second Spring), which is named after a spring in Wuxi (which is today part of Xihui Park). It is still played as a standard erhu piece, although it necessitates a special set of strings that are tuned lower than normal erhu strings.He was only recorded very late in his life, but despite the scarcity of documentation of his music, he is nevertheless considered to be one of the most important Chinese musicians of the 20th Century.His signature pieces have become classics of Chinese erhu and pipa music, such as \"Erquan Yingyue.\"His music can be heard on The Norton Recordings, ninth edition.Abing's family home in Wuxi was destroyed by floodwaters in 1991, but rebuilt in 1993 and is now a memorial to Abing and his music.[1]","title":"Influence"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"倾心看护祖居13年不了情—— 记阿炳祖居义务看管员张爱芬","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.jsxishan.gov.cn/web/news/content.asp?typeid=481&newsid=5089"},{"link_name":"permanent dead link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"}],"text":"^ 倾心看护祖居13年不了情—— 记阿炳祖居义务看管员张爱芬[permanent dead link] (Devoted care of the house for 13 years: the volunteer caretaker of Abing's ancestral home, Zhang Aifeng)","title":"Notes"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Stock, Jonathan P. J. (1996). Musical Creativity in Twentieth-Century China: Abing, His Music, and Its Changing Meanings. Rochester, New York: University of Rochester Press.\n\"Musical Narrative, Ideology, and the Life of Abing\", Jonathan P. J. Stock, Ethnomusicology, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Winter, 1996), pp. 49–73","title":"Further reading"}]
[{"image_text":"Abing, aka Hua Yanjun (17 August 1893 - 4 December 1950). This, the only extant photograph of Abing, is taken from his identity card during the Japanese occupation of Wuxi. The original is now at the Abing Ancestral House Museum in Wuxi.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Abing.jpg"},{"image_text":"A reel of wire records, from the only extant collection of recordings of Abing's music","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Gangsi_luyindai.jpg/220px-Gangsi_luyindai.jpg"},{"image_text":"Abing's tomb in Xihui park","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tomb_of_Hua_Yanjun.jpg/220px-Tomb_of_Hua_Yanjun.jpg"},{}]
null
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_Pace
Isaac Brock (musician)
["1 Early life","2 Personal life","3 Equipment","4 Glacial Pace","5 References","6 External links"]
American musician Isaac BrockBrock performing in 2010Background informationBirth nameIsaac Kristofer BrockBorn (1975-07-09) July 9, 1975 (age 48)Helena, Montana, U.S.GenresIndie rock, indie folk, experimental musicOccupation(s)MusicianInstrument(s)Vocals, guitar, ukulele, piano, banjoYears active1992–presentLabelsEpic, Sub Pop, Up Records, K RecordsMusical artist Isaac Kristofer Brock (born July 9, 1975) is an American musician and singer-songwriter. He is the lead vocalist, principal songwriter, guitarist and only constant member of the indie rock band Modest Mouse, as well as his side project band, Ugly Casanova. As a songwriter, Brock is noted for his wordplay and frequent use of metaphors, philosophical lyrics, themes of authentic rural lifestyles, and phrases and sayings commonly used in the early to mid-20th century and in blue collar environments. Brock is the sole founding member of Modest Mouse still with the band and the only member to appear on all of its studio albums. Early life Brock was born in Helena, Montana. During his childhood, he lived with his mother and sister in Montana and Oregon in hippie communes and churches before moving to Issaquah, Washington when he was 11 years old. Brock was home-schooled in his early education. When his mother's house flooded three times, she was forced to move into her future husband's trailer. Brock asked to stay behind in his own room until the new home was completed. He lived in the flooded home until the house was sold. After a short period of living in a friend's basement, he moved into the "Shed" built on the land next to his mother and stepfather's trailer. As a young boy he was raised in a Christian religious sect called the Grace Gospel Church. He told an interviewer from The Guardian that he was asked to speak in tongues when he was six: "I didn't feel the spirit of the fucking Lord rushing through me," he says. "I definitely felt awkward. I thought. 'What's the best way to make this stop?' So I ripped off some words from Mary Poppins and said them fast, and the deacons are going, 'Yeah, all right!'" In 1992, when he was sixteen, Brock moved to Washington, D.C. for the summer where he met his girlfriend. Brock traveled back and forth from the East Coast to Issaquah in Washington State where he took a community-college course to get his high school diploma before moving back to D.C., to New York's East Village, and then the Seattle area. It was there that he, Eric Judy (bass) and Jeremiah Green (drums) first started practicing music together in the Shed. In 2023, Brock was a guest singer and musician on the song "We Got to Move" for the album Los Angeles by Lol Tolhurst, Budgie, and Jacknife Lee. Personal life Performing in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania with Modest Mouse in August 2021 Although many of his songs use religious themes, Brock describes himself as "not really religious at all", adding "I'm 100 percent on the whole Christianity thing being a crock of shit, pretty much." He claims to "toy around with the whole Biblical thing," because it "just has amazing characters" and also identifies himself as "pretty much" an atheist. He has talked about the DUIs he has gotten and cutting himself onstage with a pocket knife. His songs have also addressed his substance abuse, as in "The Good Times Are Killing Me". Brock admits to past drug use, and now says that drugs are "just something I kind of have to fight... I just try and make sure that it's not around, or I'm not around it." In a 2003 interview with Salut Les Copains Magazine, Brock explained how the decision to quit drugs was influenced by his experiences. "...I was laying down in this aisle, at Powell's Books, reading an atlas when this meth-head tripped over me." Isaac said, "He called me a faggot and mumbled as he wandered off. I saw a reflection of myself and didn't want to be seen like that." In 2004 his adopted brother Ansel Vizcaya was killed in an avalanche climbing Mount Rainier. Brock is a former A&R person for the record label Sub Pop; his most notable accomplishment with them was signing Wolf Parade in 2004. Brock resides in Portland, Oregon in a house with many taxidermied animals. A portrait of Brock wearing lederhosen and standing in front of a giant boar hung for many years in the office of Portland mayor Sam Adams. He made a cameo appearance in season two of the sketch comedy show Portlandia. His character was shown donating records to a pre-school library. After having signed Lisa Molinaro to his Glacial Pace label in 2010, with her band Talkdemonic, the pair soon entered into a relationship. Molinaro joined Modest Mouse as a multi-instrumentalist and vocalist in 2011. They broke up in 2017. Brock has three children. His first was born February 2, 2002. According to High Times magazine published November 2018, he also has a daughter, born some time in 2018. In another interview with a radio station 102.1 “The Edge”, it was revealed Brock had another daughter born sometime in 2020 or 2021. Equipment Brock's main guitars are custom made by Wicks Guitars. Prior to his customs, Brock mainly used a Westone Corsair XA1420. He is also known to use various other guitars made by companies such as Peavey, Fender, and Gibson. His amps are custom made by Soursound, based on a Fender SuperSix, but are highly modified. Glacial Pace In October 2005, Brock started his own record label called Glacial Pace. The label used to be a subsidiary of Epic Records, but is now independent. Its first signee was Minnesota songwriter Mason Jennings, followed by Love As Laughter, Marcellus Hall, Mimicking Birds, Morning Teleportation, Talkdemonic, Survival Knife, Nocturnal Habits, and Mattress. References ^ Schreiber, Ryan (May 12, 2002). "Sharpen Your Teeth". Pitchfork. Retrieved May 12, 2002. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 6, 2009. Retrieved April 1, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ "Top 100 Albums of the 1990s - Page 8". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on June 23, 2009. Retrieved May 15, 2017. ^ "SPIN - Google Books". July 2000. Retrieved May 15, 2017. ^ Simpson, Dave (March 9, 2007). "Wanted: one world-famous guitarist". The Guardian. Retrieved June 18, 2014. ^ Trendell, Andrew (July 24, 2023). "Lol Tolhurst, Budgie and Jacknife Lee talk new project Los Angeles". NME. Retrieved July 24, 2023. ^ a b Modell, Josh (April 7, 2004). "Modest Mouse interview". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved January 2, 2007. ^ mtv (August 18, 2009). "Modest Mouse: Misanthrope Music". MTV. Retrieved May 15, 2017. ^ "Musique Américaine Moderne". Salut les Copains (1112). February 14, 2003. ^ Valania, Jonathan (March 30, 2015). "Modest Mouse's Isaac Brock Wants To Be More Than A Myth". BuzzFeed. Retrieved February 7, 2021. ^ "Apologies to the Queen Mary". Sub Pop. Archived from the original on November 30, 2006. Retrieved January 2, 2007. ^ Womb Vacation (April 19, 2011), Isaac Brock's House Tour, archived from the original on December 21, 2021, retrieved November 26, 2017 ^ Tom Breihan (June 21, 2010). "Isaac Brock Talks 180° South, Modest Mouse, Portland Mayor Portrait". Pitchfork. Retrieved May 15, 2017. ^ "Q&A: ISAAC BROCK of Modest Mouse (Excerpt) :: Stop Smiling Magazine". Stopsmilingonline.com. December 9, 2007. Retrieved May 15, 2017. ^ Tom Breihan (June 4, 2010). "Portrait of Modest Mouse's Isaac Brock Hangs in Portland Mayor's Office". Pitchfork. Retrieved May 15, 2017. ^ High Times (July 1, 2018), Cheap Therapy: Modest Mouse on Using Cannabis for Better Mental Health, archived from the original on August 25, 2022, retrieved August 25, 2022 ^ 102.1 The Edge (June 25, 2021), Modest Mouse returns with a new album, their first in six years, archived from the original on August 25, 2022, retrieved August 25, 2022{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ "Wicks Guitars - Custom". Retrieved September 15, 2009. ^ "Custom Amp for Isaac Brock". Archived from the original on July 18, 2010. Retrieved September 15, 2009. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Isaac Brock (musician). Official Modest Mouse Website Glacial Pace Recordings Spin.com "Video Vault: Modest Mouse's Isaac Brock" vteModest Mouse Isaac Brock Tom Peloso Ben Massarella Russell Higbee Simon O'Connor Jeremiah Green Eric Judy Dann Gallucci Joe Plummer Johnny Marr Benjamin Weikel Lisa Molinaro Jim Fairchild Davey Brozowski John Wickhart Studio albums This Is a Long Drive for Someone with Nothing to Think About The Lonesome Crowded West The Moon & Antarctica Sad Sappy Sucker Good News for People Who Love Bad News We Were Dead Before the Ship Even Sank Strangers to Ourselves The Golden Casket EPs Blue Cadet-3, Do You Connect? Interstate 8 The Fruit That Ate Itself Night on the Sun Everywhere and His Nasty Parlour Tricks No One's First, and You're Next Compilations Building Nothing Out of Something Live albums Baron von Bullshit Rides Again Singles "Float On" "Ocean Breathes Salty" "The World at Large" "Dashboard" "King Rat" "Missed the Boat" "We've Got Everything" "Satellite Skin" "Lampshades on Fire" "The Ground Walks, with Time in a Box" Related Discography Ugly Casanova Brand New/Modest Mouse Tour Authority control databases International VIAF National United States Artists Grammy Awards MusicBrainz
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"indie rock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie_rock"},{"link_name":"Modest Mouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modest_Mouse"},{"link_name":"side project band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side_project"},{"link_name":"Ugly Casanova","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugly_Casanova"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Schreiber-1"},{"link_name":"blue collar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_collar"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"American musicianMusical artistIsaac Kristofer Brock (born July 9, 1975) is an American musician and singer-songwriter. He is the lead vocalist, principal songwriter, guitarist and only constant member of the indie rock band Modest Mouse, as well as his side project band, Ugly Casanova.As a songwriter, Brock is noted for his wordplay and frequent use of metaphors, philosophical lyrics, themes of authentic rural lifestyles,[1] and phrases and sayings commonly used in the early to mid-20th century and in blue collar environments.[2][3] Brock is the sole founding member of Modest Mouse still with the band and the only member to appear on all of its studio albums.","title":"Isaac Brock (musician)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Helena, Montana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena,_Montana"},{"link_name":"Issaquah, Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issaquah,_Washington"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Grace Gospel Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grace_Gospel_Church&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"The Guardian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian"},{"link_name":"speak in tongues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speak_in_tongues"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Guardian-5"},{"link_name":"Eric Judy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Judy"},{"link_name":"Jeremiah Green","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Green"},{"link_name":"Los Angeles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_(Lol_Tolhurst,_Budgie,_and_Jacknife_Lee_album)"},{"link_name":"Lol Tolhurst","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lol_Tolhurst"},{"link_name":"Budgie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgie_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Jacknife Lee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacknife_Lee"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Brock was born in Helena, Montana. During his childhood, he lived with his mother and sister in Montana and Oregon in hippie communes and churches before moving to Issaquah, Washington when he was 11 years old.[4] Brock was home-schooled in his early education. When his mother's house flooded three times, she was forced to move into her future husband's trailer. Brock asked to stay behind in his own room until the new home was completed. He lived in the flooded home until the house was sold. After a short period of living in a friend's basement, he moved into the \"Shed\" built on the land next to his mother and stepfather's trailer.As a young boy he was raised in a Christian religious sect called the Grace Gospel Church. He told an interviewer from The Guardian that he was asked to speak in tongues when he was six: \"I didn't feel the spirit of the fucking Lord rushing through me,\" he says. \"I definitely felt awkward. I thought. 'What's the best way to make this stop?' So I ripped off some words from Mary Poppins and said them fast, and the deacons are going, 'Yeah, all right!'\"[5]In 1992, when he was sixteen, Brock moved to Washington, D.C. for the summer where he met his girlfriend. Brock traveled back and forth from the East Coast to Issaquah in Washington State where he took a community-college course to get his high school diploma before moving back to D.C., to New York's East Village, and then the Seattle area. It was there that he, Eric Judy (bass) and Jeremiah Green (drums) first started practicing music together in the Shed.In 2023, Brock was a guest singer and musician on the song \"We Got to Move\" for the album Los Angeles by Lol Tolhurst, Budgie, and Jacknife Lee.[6]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Brock_2021.jpg"},{"link_name":"Christianity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Modell-7"},{"link_name":"DUIs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DUI"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Modell-7"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"A&R","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26R"},{"link_name":"Sub Pop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub_Pop"},{"link_name":"Wolf Parade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_Parade"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Sam Adams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Adams_(Oregon_politician)"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Portlandia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portlandia_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Talkdemonic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talkdemonic"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"text":"Performing in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania with Modest Mouse in August 2021Although many of his songs use religious themes, Brock describes himself as \"not really religious at all\", adding \"I'm 100 percent on the whole Christianity thing being a crock of shit, pretty much.\" He claims to \"toy around with the whole Biblical thing,\" because it \"just has amazing characters\" and also identifies himself as \"pretty much\" an atheist.[7]He has talked about the DUIs he has gotten and cutting himself onstage with a pocket knife.[8] His songs have also addressed his substance abuse, as in \"The Good Times Are Killing Me\". Brock admits to past drug use, and now says that drugs are \"just something I kind of have to fight... I just try and make sure that it's not around, or I'm not around it.\"[7] In a 2003 interview with Salut Les Copains Magazine, Brock explained how the decision to quit drugs was influenced by his experiences. \"...I was laying down in this aisle, at Powell's Books, reading an atlas when this meth-head tripped over me.\" Isaac said, \"He called me a faggot and mumbled as he wandered off. I saw a reflection of myself and didn't want to be seen like that.\" \n[9]In 2004 his adopted brother Ansel Vizcaya was killed in an avalanche climbing Mount Rainier.[10]Brock is a former A&R person for the record label Sub Pop; his most notable accomplishment with them was signing Wolf Parade in 2004.[11]Brock resides in Portland, Oregon in a house with many taxidermied animals.[12][13][14] A portrait of Brock wearing lederhosen and standing in front of a giant boar hung for many years in the office of Portland mayor Sam Adams.[15] He made a cameo appearance in season two of the sketch comedy show Portlandia. His character was shown donating records to a pre-school library.After having signed Lisa Molinaro to his Glacial Pace label in 2010, with her band Talkdemonic, the pair soon entered into a relationship. Molinaro joined Modest Mouse as a multi-instrumentalist and vocalist in 2011. They broke up in 2017.Brock has three children. His first was born February 2, 2002. According to High Times magazine published November 2018, he also has a daughter, born some time in 2018.[16] In another interview with a radio station 102.1 “The Edge”,[17] it was revealed Brock had another daughter born sometime in 2020 or 2021.","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Peavey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peavey_Electronics"},{"link_name":"Fender","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fender_Musical_Instruments_Corporation"},{"link_name":"Gibson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibson_(guitar_company)"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"text":"Brock's main guitars are custom made by Wicks Guitars.[18] Prior to his customs, Brock mainly used a Westone Corsair XA1420. He is also known to use various other guitars made by companies such as Peavey, Fender, and Gibson. His amps are custom made by Soursound, based on a Fender SuperSix, but are highly modified.[19]","title":"Equipment"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Epic Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Records"},{"link_name":"Mason Jennings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_Jennings"},{"link_name":"Love As Laughter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_As_Laughter"},{"link_name":"Marcellus Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcellus_Hall"},{"link_name":"Mimicking Birds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimicking_Birds"},{"link_name":"Morning Teleportation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_Teleportation"},{"link_name":"Talkdemonic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talkdemonic"},{"link_name":"Survival Knife","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_Knife_(band)"},{"link_name":"Nocturnal Habits","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trosper"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"In October 2005, Brock started his own record label called Glacial Pace. The label used to be a subsidiary of Epic Records, but is now independent. Its first signee was Minnesota songwriter Mason Jennings, followed by Love As Laughter, Marcellus Hall, Mimicking Birds, Morning Teleportation, Talkdemonic, Survival Knife, Nocturnal Habits, and Mattress.[citation needed]","title":"Glacial Pace"}]
[{"image_text":"Performing in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania with Modest Mouse in August 2021","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Isaac_Brock_2021.jpg/220px-Isaac_Brock_2021.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"Schreiber, Ryan (May 12, 2002). \"Sharpen Your Teeth\". Pitchfork. Retrieved May 12, 2002.","urls":[{"url":"https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/8332-sharpen-your-teeth/","url_text":"\"Sharpen Your Teeth\""}]},{"reference":"\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on July 6, 2009. Retrieved April 1, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090706084432/http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2005/06/","url_text":"\"Archived copy\""},{"url":"http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2005/06/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Top 100 Albums of the 1990s - Page 8\". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on June 23, 2009. Retrieved May 15, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090623024352/http://pitchfork.com/features/staff-lists/5923-top-100-albums-of-the-1990s/8/","url_text":"\"Top 100 Albums of the 1990s - Page 8\""},{"url":"http://pitchfork.com/features/staff-lists/5923-top-100-albums-of-the-1990s/8/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"SPIN - Google Books\". July 2000. Retrieved May 15, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=AlN-17xfY88C&q=%22isaac%20brock%22%20%22commune%22&pg=PA138","url_text":"\"SPIN - Google Books\""}]},{"reference":"Simpson, Dave (March 9, 2007). \"Wanted: one world-famous guitarist\". The Guardian. Retrieved June 18, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"Simpson, Dave"},{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/mar/09/popandrock3","url_text":"\"Wanted: one world-famous guitarist\""}]},{"reference":"Trendell, Andrew (July 24, 2023). \"Lol Tolhurst, Budgie and Jacknife Lee talk new project Los Angeles\". NME. Retrieved July 24, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nme.com/news/music/lol-tolhurst-budgie-and-jacknife-lee-talk-new-project-with-los-angeles-3472310","url_text":"\"Lol Tolhurst, Budgie and Jacknife Lee talk new project Los Angeles\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NME","url_text":"NME"}]},{"reference":"Modell, Josh (April 7, 2004). \"Modest Mouse interview\". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved January 2, 2007.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.avclub.com/article/modest-mouse-13862","url_text":"\"Modest Mouse interview\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_A.V._Club","url_text":"The A.V. Club"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Onion","url_text":"The Onion"}]},{"reference":"mtv (August 18, 2009). \"Modest Mouse: Misanthrope Music\". MTV. Retrieved May 15, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1619003/modest-mouse-misanthrope-music.jhtml","url_text":"\"Modest Mouse: Misanthrope Music\""}]},{"reference":"\"Musique Américaine Moderne\". Salut les Copains (1112). February 14, 2003.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salut_les_copains_(magazine)","url_text":"Salut les Copains"}]},{"reference":"Valania, Jonathan (March 30, 2015). \"Modest Mouse's Isaac Brock Wants To Be More Than A Myth\". BuzzFeed. Retrieved February 7, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.buzzfeed.com/jonathanvalania/modest-mouses-isaac-brock-wants-to-be-more-than-a-myth","url_text":"\"Modest Mouse's Isaac Brock Wants To Be More Than A Myth\""}]},{"reference":"\"Apologies to the Queen Mary\". Sub Pop. Archived from the original on November 30, 2006. Retrieved January 2, 2007.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20061130042345/http://www.subpop.com/bands/wolf_parade/apologies/","url_text":"\"Apologies to the Queen Mary\""},{"url":"http://www.subpop.com/bands/wolf_parade/apologies/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Womb Vacation (April 19, 2011), Isaac Brock's House Tour, archived from the original on December 21, 2021, retrieved November 26, 2017","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDayx4OoetI","url_text":"Isaac Brock's House Tour"},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/IDayx4OoetI","url_text":"archived"}]},{"reference":"Tom Breihan (June 21, 2010). \"Isaac Brock Talks 180° South, Modest Mouse, Portland Mayor Portrait\". Pitchfork. Retrieved May 15, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://pitchfork.com/news/39217-isaac-brock-talks-180-south-modest-mouse-portland-mayor-portrait/","url_text":"\"Isaac Brock Talks 180° South, Modest Mouse, Portland Mayor Portrait\""}]},{"reference":"\"Q&A: ISAAC BROCK of Modest Mouse (Excerpt) :: Stop Smiling Magazine\". Stopsmilingonline.com. December 9, 2007. Retrieved May 15, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://stopsmilingonline.com/story_detail.php?id=935","url_text":"\"Q&A: ISAAC BROCK of Modest Mouse (Excerpt) :: Stop Smiling Magazine\""}]},{"reference":"Tom Breihan (June 4, 2010). \"Portrait of Modest Mouse's Isaac Brock Hangs in Portland Mayor's Office\". Pitchfork. Retrieved May 15, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://pitchfork.com/news/39029-portrait-of-modest-mouses-isaac-brock-hangs-in-portland-mayors-office/","url_text":"\"Portrait of Modest Mouse's Isaac Brock Hangs in Portland Mayor's Office\""}]},{"reference":"High Times (July 1, 2018), Cheap Therapy: Modest Mouse on Using Cannabis for Better Mental Health, archived from the original on August 25, 2022, retrieved August 25, 2022","urls":[{"url":"https://hightimes.com/?p=192616","url_text":"Cheap Therapy: Modest Mouse on Using Cannabis for Better Mental Health"},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/PGOyO","url_text":"archived"}]},{"reference":"102.1 The Edge (June 25, 2021), Modest Mouse returns with a new album, their first in six years, archived from the original on August 25, 2022, retrieved August 25, 2022","urls":[{"url":"https://youtube.com/C9gc9PImB9E","url_text":"Modest Mouse returns with a new album, their first in six years"},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/C9gc9PImB9E","url_text":"archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Wicks Guitars - Custom\". Retrieved September 15, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.wicksguitars.com/","url_text":"\"Wicks Guitars - Custom\""}]},{"reference":"\"Custom Amp for Isaac Brock\". Archived from the original on July 18, 2010. Retrieved September 15, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100718111021/http://www.soursound.com/index.php/custom-work/custom-amp-for-issac-brock-from-modest-mouse/","url_text":"\"Custom Amp for Isaac Brock\""},{"url":"http://www.soursound.com/index.php/custom-work/custom-amp-for-issac-brock-from-modest-mouse/","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Royal_Air_Force
Timeline of the Royal Air Force
["1 1900–1918: The origins of the Royal Air Force","2 1918–1939: The inter-war years and policing the Empire","3 1939–1945: World War II","4 1945–1990: The Cold War years","5 1990–present: Expeditionary operations","6 See also","7 References"]
British history timeline 1900–1918: The origins of the Royal Air Force 1901 29 October – The Aero Club of Great Britain is established. In the following years many early military pilots were trained by members of the Club. 1905 27 April – Sapper Moreton of the British Army's Balloon Section is lifted 2,600 ft (792 m) by a kite at Aldershot under the supervision of the kite's designer, Samuel Cody. 1908 Samuel Cody completes the first powered flight in the UK at Farnborough. 1909 The Aero Club establishes the first British flying ground near Leysdown in Kent. 2 May – John Moore-Brabazon becomes the first Englishman to make an officially recognized aeroplane flight in England. 1910 The Aero Club moves its flying from Leysdown to the nearby Eastchurch. June – Charles Rolls becomes the first Englishman to fly across the Channel. 1911 1 April – Air Battalion, Royal Engineers formed at Larkhill. December – The Royal Naval Flying School formed at Eastchurch, Kent. 1912 13 April – The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) is established by Royal Warrant. An Air Committee to liaise between the Admiralty and the War Office is also created. 13 May – RFC assume control of Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers and the Naval Air Service. 19 June- Central Flying School (CFS) is formed at Upavon. 1914 1 July – Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) formed by splitting airship squadrons away from the RFC September – The first RNAS aircraft squadrons formed. 1 Squadron RNAS at Antwerp, 2 Squadron RNAS at Eastchurch, 3 Squadron RNAS at St. Pol, France. 1916 15 February – The Joint War Air Committee is established to co-ordinate the activities of the RFC and RNAS. 15 May – The Air Board replaces the ineffective Joint War Air Committee. 12 December – RFC expands to 106 front-line squadrons and 95 reserve and training squadrons. 1917 29 November – The Air Force (Constitution) Act passed, providing for creation of an Air Force and an Air Ministry. 1918–1939: The inter-war years and policing the Empire 1918 2 January – The Air Ministry comes into being with Lord Rothermere as Secretary of State for Air. Major-General Sir Hugh Trenchard becomes the first Chief of the Air Staff (CAS). 1 April The Royal Air Force is formed by amalgamating the RFC and RNAS. First operational mission by the RAF carried out by 22 Squadron Women's Royal Air Force (WRAF) formed. 3 June – The Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC), Air Force Cross (AFC), Distinguished Flying Medal (DFM), Air Force Medal (AFM) are constituted. 6 June – The Independent Air Force, the RAF's strategic bombing force, is formed. June – Royal Air Force Temporary Nursing Service formed. 19 July – The Imperial German Navy's airship base at Tønder is bombed in the Tondern raid 19 September to 1 October – Battle of Megiddo. The RAF's Palestine Brigade plays a key role in the British victory over the Ottoman Empire, including the destruction of the Ottoman Seventh Army. 11 November – At the end of the First World War, the RAF was the largest air force in the world with 27,333 officers, 263,837 other ranks, 22,647 aircraft, 103 airships, 133 front-line squadrons, 15 flights and 270 aerodromes overseas, 55 front-line squadrons, 75 training squadrons/depots, 401 aerodromes at home and 25,000 WRAF members. 1919 July – the R34 airship becomes the first aircraft to make an east to west transatlantic flight August – RAF officer ranks are introduced. 1920 January to February – The defeat of Diiriye Guure and the "Mad Mullah". The beginnings of colonial air control as RAF aircraft acting with the Somaliland Camel Corps in British Somaliland overthrow the Dervish leaders. 5 February – The RAF College Cranwell is established. WRAF disbanded. 1921 1 October – RAF military control of Mesopotamia begins. 1922 17 February - RAF Ireland is formed by raising No. 11 (Irish) Wing to command status. 1 October – RAF Iraq Command is formed. 1923 February - RAF Ireland is disbanded. April - The RAF's first air trooping operation is conducted during the Kurdish uprising. 1924 1 April - The Fleet Air Arm of the RAF is formed. 9 October - The Auxiliary Air Force is instituted. 1925 1 January - The Air Defence of Great Britain command is formed. March to May – Pink's War. The RAF carries out its first independent air action, bombing and strafing the mountain strongholds of Mahsud tribesmen in Waziristan. 1 and 11 October - The first University Air Squadrons were formed at Cambridge and Oxford universities respectively. 29 October - The Observer Corps is formed. 1926 1 March to 12 April - Wing Commander Conway Pulford carries out the first Cairo to Cape flight. 1927 27 March - The RAF introduces its first all-metal fighter, the Armstrong Whitworth Siskin IIIA 1928 23 December – The Kabul Airlift. The world's first air evacuation is carried out by the RAF when the British Legation in Kabul is flown to safety. 1929 1 March - The Observer Corps is transferred to Air Ministry control. 1930 1 January - RAF Far East Command is established. 1931 29 September - Flight Lieutenant George Stainforth sets a new world air speed record of 407.5 mph and becomes the first man to exceed 400 mph. 1932 April to June – Following Sheikh Ahmad Barzani's small-scale revolt in north-east Iraq, the RAF conducts psychological and conventional air operations which result in Sheikh Ahmad's surrender.- 1933 8 February - Squadron Leader Oswald Gayford and Flight Lieutenant Gilbert Nicholetts flying from RAF Cranwell to Walvis Bay in South Africa cover 5,309 miles, establishing a new world long distance record for nonstop flying. 1934 August - The RAF's first rotating-wing aircraft, the Avro Rota autogiro, enters service. 1935 20 August - As part of the Mohmand campaign, No. 27 and No. 60 squadrons provide air support to British ground forces attempting to regain control of the area around the Gandab military road in the North-West Frontier. 1936 14 July – The UK's air defences are reorganised into four commands: Bomber Command, Fighter Command, Coastal Command and Training Command. 1937 - The RAF conducts air attacks against the Fakir of Ipi and his followers during the Waziristan campaign 1938 1 April – Maintenance Command is formed. 1 November – Balloon Command is formed. 1939–1945: World War II For RAF WWII air operations, see List of air operations during the Battle of Europe. 1939 24 August – The Advanced Air Striking Force is formed in preparation for operations on the Continent 3 September – Following the UK's declaration of war on Germany, the RAF conducts photographic reconnaissance of the German naval base at Wilhelmshaven. 29 November – RAuxAF spitfires shoot down an He 111 bomber over Lothian, the first German aircraft to be shot down over the UK in World War II. Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF) instituted. 1940 16 May – Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding writes his letter to the Air Ministry which results in no further aircraft squadrons, earmarked for home defence, being sent to France. 10 July – The Battle of Britain begins. 13 August – Adlertag (Eagle Day). The Luftwaffe's attempts to gain air superiority over Britain fail, with the balance of aircraft losses being strongly in the RAF's favour. 1941 15 May – The maiden flight of first British jet aircraft, the Gloster E.28/39. 20 July – Ferry Command is formed. 24 December – The Avro Lancaster enters service with the RAF. 1942 30 May – Over 1,000 bombers set out to raid Cologne, severely damaging the city. 1 June – Around 1,000 bombers set out to raid Essen, however many crews mistakenly bomb other cities. 25 June – Around 1,000 bombers set out to raid Bremen, severely damaging the city and successfully bombing the Focke-Wulf aircraft factory. 1943 5 March – In an effort to decimate the German industrial base, Bomber Command begins bombing the Ruhr region. 25 March – Transport Command is formed by redesignating Ferry Command. 16 May – Aircraft of 617 Squadron set out on Operation Chastise, commonly known as the Dambusters Raid. The Mohne and Eder dams are breached. 18 November – This is the first night of a four-month bombing campaign against Berlin. 1944 24 March – RAF and Dominion Air Force personnel are murdered by the Gestapo after the "great escape" from Stalag Luft III Prisoner of War Camp. 6 June – D-Day commences. Diversions supplied by Avro Lancasters of 101 Squadron operating the ABC radio jamming equipment. Reconnaissance photographs were supplied by Spitfires of 16 Squadron. 1945 22 February – Allied Air Forces launch Operation Clarion, a concerted effort to destroy German transportation within 24 hours. 1945–1990: The Cold War years 1948 28 June 1948 to 30 September 1949 – The RAF conducts Operation Plainfare, the British contribution to the Berlin Airlift. June – The RAF conducts Operation Firedog against Malayan terrorists during the Malayan Emergency. Two Spitfires of No. 60 Squadron fly the first offensive mission on 6 July, destroying an enemy base at Perak. Involvement continues until 1960. 1949 Women's Auxiliary Air Force becomes Women's Royal Air Force 1952 December - Flight Lieutenant John Nicholls shoots down a MiG 15 during the Korean War. 1953 Avro Lincoln squadrons flying out of RAF Eastleigh conduct anti-Mau Mau operations in Kenya. Operations continue until 1955. 1956 31 October – Canberras fly reconnaissance sorties and bomb Egyptian airfields on the opening night of Suez War's air campaign. 1958 3 November – Signals Command is formed. 1967 1 August – Air Support Command is formed by redesignating Transport Command 1968 30 April – Strike Command is formed from Fighter Command and Bomber Command. 28 November – Coastal Command is absorbed into the newly created Strike Command. 1969 1 January – Signals Command is absorbed into Strike Command. 1972 1 September – Air Support Command is absorbed into Strike Command. 1982 30 April – Operation Black Buck. Vulcan bombers set out from RAF Ascension Island on the first of six raids against Argentine positions in the Falkland Islands. 1985 11 February 1985, the Langenbruck bus crash, in which 20 members of the RAF died 1986 8 January – RAF Marine Branch disbanded. 1990–present: Expeditionary operations Tail of Tornado GR4 ZG750, marking 25 years of Tornado GR operations, at the 2016 Farnborough Airshow. 1990 RAF fighters based in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait prior to the Gulf War 1991 16 January to 11 April – During the Gulf War, RAF aircraft fight in the air battle over Kuwait and Iraq. The RAF begins Operations Resonate North and Resonate South, the British contribution to the Allied efforts to enforce the Iraqi no-fly zones. These operations continue for over a decade. 1993 RAF Tornado F3s and AWACS aircraft contribute to NATO's operation to restrict airspace movements over Bosnia and Herzegovina, Operation Deny Flight. The operation continues until late 1995. 1998 16 December – Operation Desert Fox. RAF Tornados and USAF F-117s bomb military targets in Iraq. 2001 9 October – During the third day of Operation Veritas, RAF aircraft commenced the provision of air-to-air refuelling, reconnaissance and surveillance support to US aircraft operating over Afghanistan. 2004 September – A detachment of six RAF Harriers from Joint Force Harrier was based at Kandahar Airfield to support colilition ground forces. 30 October – 31 December – Four Tornado F3s deployed to Lithuania for the British rotation as part of NATO's Baltic Air Policing. 2005 RAF deployed to Indonesia following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake disaster to provide aid relief support and transport 2006 July – Three Chinook helicopters of 27 Squadron deployed to RAF Akrotiri to evacuate British citizens from Lebanon. 2007 April – Strike Command and Personnel and Training Command merge to form Air Command. 2016 18 February - The RAF Search and Rescue Force is stood down. See also Timeline of aviation Timeline of British military aviation References ^ "Ministry of Defence | Fact Sheets | Operations Factsheets | Operations in Afghanistan: Background Briefing 1". 26 October 2009. Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) ^ Hansard, 14/12/04 Royal Air Force website timeline vteRoyal Air ForceMinistry of Defenceformationsand unitsunits Commands Groups Wings Squadrons Flights Conversion units Operational Training units Schools / Training units Ferry units Glider units Misc units stations Active Former Satellite Landing Grounds Regiment Wings Squadrons Flights branches andcomponents Air Force Board RAF Regiment RAF Chaplains Branch RAF Intelligence RAF Legal Branch RAF Medical Services Princess Mary's RAF Nursing Service RAF Police RAF ground trades RAF Music Services RAF Search and Rescue Force RAF Mountain Rescue Service RAF Marine Branch RAF Air Cadets Operations reserve forces Royal Auxiliary Air Force RAF Volunteer Reserve equipment List of RAF aircraft current future List of RAF missiles List of equipment of the RAF Regiment personnel Officer ranks Other ranks List of notable personnel List of serving senior officers Personnel numbers appointments Chief of Air Staff Assistant Chief of the Air Staff Air Member for Personnel Air Secretary Air Member for Materiel Commandant-General of the RAF Regiment Warrant Officer of the RAF symbols and uniform Ensign Badge Roundels Uniform Heraldic badges associated civilorganisations Air Training Corps Combined Cadet Force (RAF section) RAF Association RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine RAF Benevolent Fund RAF Football Association RAF Museum history timeline future commons vteTimelines in aviationTopics Jet power Military aviation British Royal Air Force Hellenic Air Force Rocket and missile technology Women Centuries Pre-18th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 20th century years 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 21st century years 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 See also: Timeline of spaceflight, Category:Spaceflight timelines
[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Timeline of the Royal Air Force"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Aero Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Aero_Club"},{"link_name":"Sapper Moreton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sapper_Moreton&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"British Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army"},{"link_name":"Balloon Section","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army_Balloon_Section"},{"link_name":"Aldershot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldershot"},{"link_name":"Samuel Cody","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Cody"},{"link_name":"Samuel Cody","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Cody"},{"link_name":"UK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Farnborough","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnborough,_Hampshire"},{"link_name":"Leysdown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leysdown-on-Sea"},{"link_name":"John Moore-Brabazon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Moore-Brabazon,_1st_Baron_Brabazon_of_Tara"},{"link_name":"Eastchurch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastchurch_airfield"},{"link_name":"Charles Rolls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Rolls"},{"link_name":"Air Battalion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Battalion_Royal_Engineers"},{"link_name":"Royal Engineers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Engineers"},{"link_name":"Larkhill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larkhill"},{"link_name":"Royal Naval Flying School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Naval_Flying_School"},{"link_name":"Eastchurch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastchurch"},{"link_name":"Royal Flying Corps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Flying_Corps"},{"link_name":"Central Flying School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Flying_School"},{"link_name":"Upavon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upavon"},{"link_name":"Royal Naval Air Service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Naval_Air_Service"},{"link_name":"1 Squadron RNAS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._201_Squadron_RAF"},{"link_name":"Antwerp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwerp"},{"link_name":"2 Squadron RNAS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._202_Squadron_RAF"},{"link_name":"Eastchurch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastchurch"},{"link_name":"3 Squadron RNAS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._203_Squadron_RAF"},{"link_name":"St. Pol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pol-sur-Mer"},{"link_name":"Air Ministry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Ministry"}],"text":"1901\n29 October – The Aero Club of Great Britain is established. In the following years many early military pilots were trained by members of the Club.\n1905\n27 April – Sapper Moreton of the British Army's Balloon Section is lifted 2,600 ft (792 m) by a kite at Aldershot under the supervision of the kite's designer, Samuel Cody.\n1908\nSamuel Cody completes the first powered flight in the UK at Farnborough.\n1909\nThe Aero Club establishes the first British flying ground near Leysdown in Kent.\n2 May – John Moore-Brabazon becomes the first Englishman to make an officially recognized aeroplane flight in England.\n1910\nThe Aero Club moves its flying from Leysdown to the nearby Eastchurch.\nJune – Charles Rolls becomes the first Englishman to fly across the Channel.\n1911\n1 April – Air Battalion, Royal Engineers formed at Larkhill.\nDecember – The Royal Naval Flying School formed at Eastchurch, Kent.\n1912\n13 April – The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) is established by Royal Warrant. An Air Committee to liaise between the Admiralty and the War Office is also created.\n13 May – RFC assume control of Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers and the Naval Air Service.\n19 June- Central Flying School (CFS) is formed at Upavon.\n1914\n1 July – Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) formed by splitting airship squadrons away from the RFC\nSeptember – The first RNAS aircraft squadrons formed. 1 Squadron RNAS at Antwerp, 2 Squadron RNAS at Eastchurch, 3 Squadron RNAS at St. Pol, France.\n1916\n15 February – The Joint War Air Committee is established to co-ordinate the activities of the RFC and RNAS.\n15 May – The Air Board replaces the ineffective Joint War Air Committee.\n12 December – RFC expands to 106 front-line squadrons and 95 reserve and training squadrons.\n1917\n29 November – The Air Force (Constitution) Act passed, providing for creation of an Air Force and an Air Ministry.","title":"1900–1918: The origins of the Royal Air Force"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Air Ministry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Ministry"},{"link_name":"Lord Rothermere","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Sidney_Harmsworth,_1st_Viscount_Rothermere"},{"link_name":"Secretary of State for Air","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Air"},{"link_name":"Hugh Trenchard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Trenchard"},{"link_name":"Chief of the Air Staff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"22 Squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._22_Squadron_RAF"},{"link_name":"Women's Royal Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Royal_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Distinguished Flying Cross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"Air Force Cross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Cross_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"Distinguished Flying Medal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Medal"},{"link_name":"Air Force Medal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Medal"},{"link_name":"Independent Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Royal Air Force Temporary Nursing Service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Mary%27s_Royal_Air_Force_Nursing_Service"},{"link_name":"Tondern raid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tondern_raid"},{"link_name":"Battle of Megiddo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)"},{"link_name":"Palestine Brigade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Brigade_RAF"},{"link_name":"Seventh Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)"},{"link_name":"First World War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_World_War"},{"link_name":"R34 airship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R34_(airship)"},{"link_name":"RAF officer ranks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_officer_ranks"},{"link_name":"Diiriye Guure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Anod#Diiriye_Guure"},{"link_name":"Mad Mullah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Abdullah_Hassan"},{"link_name":"Somaliland Camel Corps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliland_Camel_Corps"},{"link_name":"overthrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_conflict_between_British_forces_and_Somaliland_dervishes"},{"link_name":"RAF College Cranwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_College_Cranwell"},{"link_name":"Mesopotamia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia"},{"link_name":"RAF Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RAF_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"RAF Iraq Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Iraq_Command"},{"link_name":"RAF Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RAF_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kurdish uprising","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Barzanji_revolts"},{"link_name":"Fleet Air Arm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm"},{"link_name":"Auxiliary Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Air Defence of Great Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Defence_of_Great_Britain"},{"link_name":"Pink's War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink%27s_War"},{"link_name":"Waziristan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waziristan"},{"link_name":"University Air Squadrons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_Air_Squadron"},{"link_name":"Observer Corps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_Corps"},{"link_name":"Conway Pulford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway_Pulford"},{"link_name":"Cairo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo"},{"link_name":"Cape","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Town"},{"link_name":"Armstrong Whitworth Siskin IIIA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_Siskin_IIIA"},{"link_name":"Kabul Airlift","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul_airlift_of_1928%E2%80%931929"},{"link_name":"Kabul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul"},{"link_name":"Observer Corps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Observer_Corps"},{"link_name":"RAF Far East Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Far_East_Command"},{"link_name":"George Stainforth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Stainforth"},{"link_name":"air speed record","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_airspeed_record"},{"link_name":"Sheikh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh"},{"link_name":"Ahmad Barzani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Barzani"},{"link_name":"Iraq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq"},{"link_name":"Oswald Gayford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Gayford&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Gilbert Nicholetts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Nicholetts"},{"link_name":"RAF Cranwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Cranwell"},{"link_name":"Walvis Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walvis_Bay"},{"link_name":"world long distance record for nonstop flying","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_distance_record"},{"link_name":"Avro Rota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Rota"},{"link_name":"Mohmand campaign","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohmand_campaign_of_1935"},{"link_name":"Bomber Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Bomber_Command"},{"link_name":"Fighter Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Fighter_Command"},{"link_name":"Coastal Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Coastal_Command"},{"link_name":"Training Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Training_Command"},{"link_name":"Fakir of Ipi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakir_of_Ipi"},{"link_name":"Waziristan campaign","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waziristan_campaign_(1936%E2%80%931939)"},{"link_name":"Maintenance Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Maintenance_Command"},{"link_name":"Balloon Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Balloon_Command"}],"text":"1918\n2 January – The Air Ministry comes into being with Lord Rothermere as Secretary of State for Air. Major-General Sir Hugh Trenchard becomes the first Chief of the Air Staff (CAS).\n1 April\nThe Royal Air Force is formed by amalgamating the RFC and RNAS.\nFirst operational mission by the RAF carried out by 22 Squadron\nWomen's Royal Air Force (WRAF) formed.\n3 June – The Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC), Air Force Cross (AFC), Distinguished Flying Medal (DFM), Air Force Medal (AFM) are constituted.\n6 June – The Independent Air Force, the RAF's strategic bombing force, is formed.\nJune – Royal Air Force Temporary Nursing Service formed.\n19 July – The Imperial German Navy's airship base at Tønder is bombed in the Tondern raid\n19 September to 1 October – Battle of Megiddo. The RAF's Palestine Brigade plays a key role in the British victory over the Ottoman Empire, including the destruction of the Ottoman Seventh Army.\n11 November – At the end of the First World War, the RAF was the largest air force in the world with 27,333 officers, 263,837 other ranks, 22,647 aircraft, 103 airships, 133 front-line squadrons, 15 flights and 270 aerodromes overseas, 55 front-line squadrons, 75 training squadrons/depots, 401 aerodromes at home and 25,000 WRAF members.\n1919\nJuly – the R34 airship becomes the first aircraft to make an east to west transatlantic flight\nAugust – RAF officer ranks are introduced.\n1920\nJanuary to February – The defeat of Diiriye Guure and the \"Mad Mullah\". The beginnings of colonial air control as RAF aircraft acting with the Somaliland Camel Corps in British Somaliland overthrow the Dervish leaders.\n5 February – The RAF College Cranwell is established.\nWRAF disbanded.\n1921\n1 October – RAF military control of Mesopotamia begins.\n1922\n17 February - RAF Ireland is formed by raising No. 11 (Irish) Wing to command status.\n1 October – RAF Iraq Command is formed.\n1923\nFebruary - RAF Ireland is disbanded.\nApril - The RAF's first air trooping operation is conducted during the Kurdish uprising.\n1924\n1 April - The Fleet Air Arm of the RAF is formed.\n9 October - The Auxiliary Air Force is instituted.\n1925\n1 January - The Air Defence of Great Britain command is formed.\nMarch to May – Pink's War. The RAF carries out its first independent air action, bombing and strafing the mountain strongholds of Mahsud tribesmen in Waziristan.\n1 and 11 October - The first University Air Squadrons were formed at Cambridge and Oxford universities respectively.\n29 October - The Observer Corps is formed.\n1926\n1 March to 12 April - Wing Commander Conway Pulford carries out the first Cairo to Cape flight.\n1927\n27 March - The RAF introduces its first all-metal fighter, the Armstrong Whitworth Siskin IIIA\n1928\n23 December – The Kabul Airlift. The world's first air evacuation is carried out by the RAF when the British Legation in Kabul is flown to safety.\n1929\n1 March - The Observer Corps is transferred to Air Ministry control.\n1930\n1 January - RAF Far East Command is established.\n1931\n29 September - Flight Lieutenant George Stainforth sets a new world air speed record of 407.5 mph and becomes the first man to exceed 400 mph.\n1932\nApril to June – Following Sheikh Ahmad Barzani's small-scale revolt in north-east Iraq, the RAF conducts psychological and conventional air operations which result in Sheikh Ahmad's surrender.-\n1933\n8 February - Squadron Leader Oswald Gayford and Flight Lieutenant Gilbert Nicholetts flying from RAF Cranwell to Walvis Bay in South Africa cover 5,309 miles, establishing a new world long distance record for nonstop flying.\n1934\nAugust - The RAF's first rotating-wing aircraft, the Avro Rota autogiro, enters service.\n1935\n20 August - As part of the Mohmand campaign, No. 27 and No. 60 squadrons provide air support to British ground forces attempting to regain control of the area around the Gandab military road in the North-West Frontier.\n1936\n14 July – The UK's air defences are reorganised into four commands: Bomber Command, Fighter Command, Coastal Command and Training Command.\n1937 - The RAF conducts air attacks against the Fakir of Ipi and his followers during the Waziristan campaign\n1938\n1 April – Maintenance Command is formed.\n1 November – Balloon Command is formed.","title":"1918–1939: The inter-war years and policing the Empire"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"List of air operations during the Battle of Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe"},{"link_name":"Advanced Air Striking Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Advanced_Air_Striking_Force"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"},{"link_name":"Wilhelmshaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmshaven"},{"link_name":"spitfires","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire"},{"link_name":"He 111","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinkel_He_111"},{"link_name":"Lothian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothian"},{"link_name":"Women's Auxiliary Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Auxiliary_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Air Chief Marshal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshal"},{"link_name":"Hugh Dowding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Dowding,_1st_Baron_Dowding"},{"link_name":"Air Ministry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Ministry"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Battle of Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Britain"},{"link_name":"Luftwaffe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftwaffe"},{"link_name":"air superiority","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_superiority"},{"link_name":"jet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_engine"},{"link_name":"Gloster E.28/39","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloster_E.28/39"},{"link_name":"Ferry Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Ferry_Command"},{"link_name":"Avro Lancaster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Lancaster"},{"link_name":"Cologne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne"},{"link_name":"Essen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essen"},{"link_name":"Bremen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremen_(city)"},{"link_name":"Focke-Wulf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focke-Wulf"},{"link_name":"Bomber Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Bomber_Command"},{"link_name":"Ruhr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr_Area"},{"link_name":"Transport Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Transport_Command"},{"link_name":"617 Squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._617_Squadron_RAF"},{"link_name":"Operation Chastise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Chastise"},{"link_name":"Berlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin"},{"link_name":"Gestapo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestapo"},{"link_name":"Stalag Luft III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalag_Luft_III"},{"link_name":"Avro Lancasters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Lancaster"},{"link_name":"101 Squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._101_Squadron_RAF"},{"link_name":"ABC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_electronic_warfare_equipment"},{"link_name":"Spitfires","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire"},{"link_name":"16 Squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._16_Squadron_RAF"},{"link_name":"Operation Clarion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Clarion"}],"text":"For RAF WWII air operations, see List of air operations during the Battle of Europe.1939\n24 August – The Advanced Air Striking Force is formed in preparation for operations on the Continent\n3 September – Following the UK's declaration of war on Germany, the RAF conducts photographic reconnaissance of the German naval base at Wilhelmshaven.\n29 November – RAuxAF spitfires shoot down an He 111 bomber over Lothian, the first German aircraft to be shot down over the UK in World War II.\nWomen's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF) instituted.\n1940\n16 May – Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding writes his letter to the Air Ministry which results in no further aircraft squadrons, earmarked for home defence, being sent to France.\n10 July – The Battle of Britain begins.\n13 August – Adlertag (Eagle Day). The Luftwaffe's attempts to gain air superiority over Britain fail, with the balance of aircraft losses being strongly in the RAF's favour.\n1941\n15 May – The maiden flight of first British jet aircraft, the Gloster E.28/39.\n20 July – Ferry Command is formed.\n24 December – The Avro Lancaster enters service with the RAF.\n1942\n30 May – Over 1,000 bombers set out to raid Cologne, severely damaging the city.\n1 June – Around 1,000 bombers set out to raid Essen, however many crews mistakenly bomb other cities.\n25 June – Around 1,000 bombers set out to raid Bremen, severely damaging the city and successfully bombing the Focke-Wulf aircraft factory.\n1943\n5 March – In an effort to decimate the German industrial base, Bomber Command begins bombing the Ruhr region.\n25 March – Transport Command is formed by redesignating Ferry Command.\n16 May – Aircraft of 617 Squadron set out on Operation Chastise, commonly known as the Dambusters Raid. The Mohne and Eder dams are breached.\n18 November – This is the first night of a four-month bombing campaign against Berlin.\n1944\n24 March – RAF and Dominion Air Force personnel are murdered by the Gestapo after the \"great escape\" from Stalag Luft III Prisoner of War Camp.\n6 June – D-Day commences. Diversions supplied by Avro Lancasters of 101 Squadron operating the ABC radio jamming equipment. Reconnaissance photographs were supplied by Spitfires of 16 Squadron.\n1945\n22 February – Allied Air Forces launch Operation Clarion, a concerted effort to destroy German transportation within 24 hours.","title":"1939–1945: World War II"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Berlin Airlift","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Airlift"},{"link_name":"Malayan Emergency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Emergency"},{"link_name":"No. 60 Squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._60_Squadron_RAF"},{"link_name":"Perak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak"},{"link_name":"Women's Auxiliary Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Auxiliary_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Women's Royal Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Royal_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"John Nicholls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nicholls_(RAF_officer)"},{"link_name":"Korean War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War"},{"link_name":"RAF Eastleigh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Eastleigh"},{"link_name":"Mau Mau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion"},{"link_name":"Kenya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya"},{"link_name":"Canberras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra"},{"link_name":"Egyptian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt"},{"link_name":"Suez War's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Crisis"},{"link_name":"Signals Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Signals_Command"},{"link_name":"Air Support Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Air_Support_Command"},{"link_name":"Strike Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Strike_Command"},{"link_name":"Operation Black Buck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Black_Buck"},{"link_name":"Vulcan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Vulcan"},{"link_name":"RAF Ascension Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Ascension_Island"},{"link_name":"Falkland Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkland_Islands"},{"link_name":"Langenbruck bus crash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langenbruck_bus_crash"},{"link_name":"RAF Marine Branch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Marine_Branch"}],"text":"1948\n28 June 1948 to 30 September 1949 – The RAF conducts Operation Plainfare, the British contribution to the Berlin Airlift.\nJune – The RAF conducts Operation Firedog against Malayan terrorists during the Malayan Emergency. Two Spitfires of No. 60 Squadron fly the first offensive mission on 6 July, destroying an enemy base at Perak. Involvement continues until 1960.\n1949\nWomen's Auxiliary Air Force becomes Women's Royal Air Force\n1952\nDecember - Flight Lieutenant John Nicholls shoots down a MiG 15 during the Korean War.\n1953\nAvro Lincoln squadrons flying out of RAF Eastleigh conduct anti-Mau Mau operations in Kenya. Operations continue until 1955.\n1956\n31 October – Canberras fly reconnaissance sorties and bomb Egyptian airfields on the opening night of Suez War's air campaign.\n1958\n3 November – Signals Command is formed.\n1967\n1 August – Air Support Command is formed by redesignating Transport Command\n1968\n30 April – Strike Command is formed from Fighter Command and Bomber Command.\n28 November – Coastal Command is absorbed into the newly created Strike Command.\n1969\n1 January – Signals Command is absorbed into Strike Command.\n1972\n1 September – Air Support Command is absorbed into Strike Command.\n1982\n30 April – Operation Black Buck. Vulcan bombers set out from RAF Ascension Island on the first of six raids against Argentine positions in the Falkland Islands.\n1985\n11 February 1985, the Langenbruck bus crash, in which 20 members of the RAF died\n1986\n8 January – RAF Marine Branch disbanded.","title":"1945–1990: The Cold War years"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FRBR_160716_Tornado_03.jpg"},{"link_name":"Farnborough Airshow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnborough_Airshow"},{"link_name":"Gulf War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War"},{"link_name":"air battle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War_air_campaign"},{"link_name":"Kuwait","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait"},{"link_name":"Iraqi no-fly zones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_no-fly_zones"},{"link_name":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"},{"link_name":"Operation Deny Flight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Deny_Flight"},{"link_name":"Operation Desert Fox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Desert_Fox"},{"link_name":"Tornados","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panavia_Tornado"},{"link_name":"USAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"F-117s","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117_Nighthawk"},{"link_name":"Iraq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq"},{"link_name":"Operation Veritas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Veritas"},{"link_name":"Afghanistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan"},{"link_name":"Harriers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Harrier_II"},{"link_name":"Joint Force Harrier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Force_Harrier"},{"link_name":"Kandahar Airfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar_Airfield"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Lithuania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania"},{"link_name":"Baltic Air Policing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_Air_Policing"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Indonesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia"},{"link_name":"2004 Indian Ocean earthquake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake"},{"link_name":"27 Squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._27_Squadron_RAF"},{"link_name":"RAF Akrotiri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Akrotiri"},{"link_name":"Strike Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Strike_Command"},{"link_name":"Personnel and Training Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Personnel_and_Training_Command"},{"link_name":"Air Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Air_Command"},{"link_name":"RAF Search and Rescue Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Search_and_Rescue_Force"}],"text":"Tail of Tornado GR4 ZG750, marking 25 years of Tornado GR operations, at the 2016 Farnborough Airshow.1990\nRAF fighters based in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait prior to the Gulf War\n1991\n16 January to 11 April – During the Gulf War, RAF aircraft fight in the air battle over Kuwait and Iraq.\nThe RAF begins Operations Resonate North and Resonate South, the British contribution to the Allied efforts to enforce the Iraqi no-fly zones. These operations continue for over a decade.\n1993\nRAF Tornado F3s and AWACS aircraft contribute to NATO's operation to restrict airspace movements over Bosnia and Herzegovina, Operation Deny Flight. The operation continues until late 1995.\n1998\n16 December – Operation Desert Fox. RAF Tornados and USAF F-117s bomb military targets in Iraq.\n2001\n9 October – During the third day of Operation Veritas, RAF aircraft commenced the provision of air-to-air refuelling, reconnaissance and surveillance support to US aircraft operating over Afghanistan.\n2004\nSeptember – A detachment of six RAF Harriers from Joint Force Harrier was based at Kandahar Airfield to support colilition ground forces.[1]\n30 October – 31 December – Four Tornado F3s deployed to Lithuania for the British rotation as part of NATO's Baltic Air Policing.[2]\n2005\nRAF deployed to Indonesia following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake disaster to provide aid relief support and transport\n2006\nJuly – Three Chinook helicopters of 27 Squadron deployed to RAF Akrotiri to evacuate British citizens from Lebanon.\n2007\nApril – Strike Command and Personnel and Training Command merge to form Air Command.\n2016\n18 February - The RAF Search and Rescue Force is stood down.","title":"1990–present: Expeditionary operations"}]
[{"image_text":"Tail of Tornado GR4 ZG750, marking 25 years of Tornado GR operations, at the 2016 Farnborough Airshow.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/FRBR_160716_Tornado_03.jpg/220px-FRBR_160716_Tornado_03.jpg"}]
[{"title":"Timeline of aviation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_aviation"},{"title":"Timeline of British military aviation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_British_military_aviation"}]
[{"reference":"\"Ministry of Defence | Fact Sheets | Operations Factsheets | Operations in Afghanistan: Background Briefing 1\". 26 October 2009. Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091026025817/http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/FactSheets/OperationsFactsheets/OperationsInAfghanistanBackgroundBriefing1.htm","url_text":"\"Ministry of Defence | Fact Sheets | Operations Factsheets | Operations in Afghanistan: Background Briefing 1\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristian_Halse
Kristian Halse
["1 References","2 References"]
Norwegian politician Kristian Halse (14 December 1926 in Stangvik – 6 November 2018) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party. He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland during the term 1969–1973. From 1972 to 1973 he sat as a regular representative, replacing Johan Kleppe who was appointed to the cabinet Korvald. Halse was involved in local politics in Vefsn municipality from 1962 to 1971. References ^ "Kristian Halse til minne - Trollheimsporten". www.trollheimsporten.no. Archived from the original on 2018-11-18. References "Kristian Halse" (in Norwegian). Storting. Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Norway United States This article about a Norwegian politician born in the 1920s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Stangvik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stangvik"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Liberal Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Norway"},{"link_name":"Norwegian Parliament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stortinget"},{"link_name":"Nordland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordland"},{"link_name":"Johan Kleppe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Kleppe"},{"link_name":"cabinet Korvald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Korvald"},{"link_name":"Vefsn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vefsn"}],"text":"Kristian Halse (14 December 1926 in Stangvik – 6 November 2018)[1] was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland during the term 1969–1973. From 1972 to 1973 he sat as a regular representative, replacing Johan Kleppe who was appointed to the cabinet Korvald.Halse was involved in local politics in Vefsn municipality from 1962 to 1971.","title":"Kristian Halse"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"Kristian Halse til minne - Trollheimsporten\". www.trollheimsporten.no. Archived from the original on 2018-11-18.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181118205812/http://www.trollheimsporten.no/kristian-halse-til-minne.6165083.html","url_text":"\"Kristian Halse til minne - Trollheimsporten\""},{"url":"http://www.trollheimsporten.no/kristian-halse-til-minne.6165083.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Kristian Halse\" (in Norwegian). Storting.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.stortinget.no/no/Representanter-og-komiteer/Representantene/Representantfordeling/Representant/?perid=KRHA&tab=Biography","url_text":"\"Kristian Halse\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storting","url_text":"Storting"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleecker_Park
Bleecker Park
["1 History","2 References","3 External links"]
Coordinates: 42°38′50″N 73°45′32.07″W / 42.64722°N 73.7589083°W / 42.64722; -73.7589083Bleecker ParkMansion neighborhood Christmas sign in Bleecker Park, with Madison Place in backgroundTypeUrban parkLocationAlbany, New YorkArea16,275 square feet (0.15120 ha)Created1835Operated byCity of AlbanyParkingOff-site at nearby Empire State Plaza Bleecker Park is a small .37-acre (0.15 ha) urban park in Albany, New York. The park is triangle-shaped, bounded by Madison Place to the south, Madison Avenue to the north, and Eagle Street to the west. The Cathedral of Immaculate Conception is across Eagle Street from the park, while Madison Place, which is only one block-long, consists of rowhouses primarily in High Gothic and Italianate architecture, built in the mid-to-late-19th century. Across from the park on Madison Street is the Empire State Plaza East Parking Garage, built in 1999/2000. The park features the oldest fountain in the city which is surrounded by a small circular garden, two circular beds are also in the park and each feature a shrub surrounded flowers, these small gardens make Bleecker Park "a most charming and restrained Victorian public garden" according to an article in the Albany Times Union. History Bleecker Park during the summer Bleecker Park was established in 1835 by the erection of an iron fence. The Cathedral of Immaculate Conception was built across Eagle Street from the park in 1852. In 1863 the first public fountain in the city was erected in the park, a gift from William Fleming. Prior to 1867 Madison Place was named Madison Avenue and the current Madison Avenue was Lydius Street, Madison Place receiving its current name in May, 1867 and Madison Avenue in July, 1867. In 1986 as part of the 300th anniversary of the Dongan Charter incorporating Albany as a city, the Bleecker Park fence enclosure received a new coat of paint thanks to inmate labor from the Hudson Correctional Facility. Bleecker Park was one of four places in the city to be awarded the Sense of Place award as part of fifth annual Albany History Fair in 2004. References ^ Waite, Diana S., ed. (1993). Albany Architecture. Matthew Bender IV-Mount Ida Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-9625368-1-4. ^ Benjamin, Elizabeth (1999-04-22). "Albany's En Route to More Parking". Times Union (Albany). Hearst Communications. p. A1. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26. ^ Sombke, Laurence (1999-05-23). "Very Victorian the Era's Love of Nostalgia and Fragrance Blooms Again in the Garden". Times Union (Albany). Hearst Communications. p. H1. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26. ^ a b Howell, George Rogers; Tenney, Jonathan (1886). Bi-Centennial History of Albany: History of the County of Albany, N.Y., From 1609 to 1886. W.W. Munsell & Co. ^ Reynolds, Cuyler (1906). Albany Chronicles: A History of the City Arranged Chronologically. J.B. Lyon Company. p. 646. delaware ave. ^ Basu, Rekha (1986-05-29). "Park Cleanup Courtesy of Inmates". The Knickerbocker News. Hearst Communications. p. 4A. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26. ^ Scruton, Bruce A. (2004-05-03). "Historic Locations Honored". Times Union (Albany). Hearst Communications. p. B8. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26. 42°38′50″N 73°45′32.07″W / 42.64722°N 73.7589083°W / 42.64722; -73.7589083 External links Media related to Bleecker Park at Wikimedia Commons
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"urban park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_park"},{"link_name":"Albany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany,_New_York"},{"link_name":"New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state)"},{"link_name":"Madison Avenue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streets_of_Albany,_New_York#Madison_Avenue"},{"link_name":"Cathedral of Immaculate Conception","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_(Albany,_New_York)"},{"link_name":"rowhouses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowhouse"},{"link_name":"High Gothic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Gothic"},{"link_name":"Italianate architecture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italianate_architecture"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Architecture-1"},{"link_name":"Empire State Plaza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_State_Plaza"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Victorian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_architecture"},{"link_name":"Albany Times Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany_Times_Union"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Bleecker Park is a small .37-acre (0.15 ha) urban park in Albany, New York. The park is triangle-shaped, bounded by Madison Place to the south, Madison Avenue to the north, and Eagle Street to the west. The Cathedral of Immaculate Conception is across Eagle Street from the park, while Madison Place, which is only one block-long, consists of rowhouses primarily in High Gothic and Italianate architecture, built in the mid-to-late-19th century.[1] Across from the park on Madison Street is the Empire State Plaza East Parking Garage, built in 1999/2000.[2] The park features the oldest fountain in the city which is surrounded by a small circular garden, two circular beds are also in the park and each feature a shrub surrounded flowers, these small gardens make Bleecker Park \"a most charming and restrained Victorian public garden\" according to an article in the Albany Times Union.[3]","title":"Bleecker Park"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bleecker_Park_2011.jpg"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bi-4"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bi-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Dongan Charter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongan_Charter"},{"link_name":"city","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_(New_York)"},{"link_name":"Hudson Correctional Facility","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hudson_Correctional_Facility&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"Bleecker Park during the summerBleecker Park was established in 1835 by the erection of an iron fence.[4] The Cathedral of Immaculate Conception was built across Eagle Street from the park in 1852.[citation needed] In 1863 the first public fountain in the city was erected in the park, a gift from William Fleming.[4] Prior to 1867 Madison Place was named Madison Avenue and the current Madison Avenue was Lydius Street, Madison Place receiving its current name in May, 1867 and Madison Avenue in July, 1867.[5]In 1986 as part of the 300th anniversary of the Dongan Charter incorporating Albany as a city, the Bleecker Park fence enclosure received a new coat of paint thanks to inmate labor from the Hudson Correctional Facility.[6] Bleecker Park was one of four places in the city to be awarded the Sense of Place award as part of fifth annual Albany History Fair in 2004.[7]","title":"History"}]
[{"image_text":"Bleecker Park during the summer","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Bleecker_Park_2011.jpg/220px-Bleecker_Park_2011.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"Waite, Diana S., ed. (1993). Albany Architecture. Matthew Bender IV-Mount Ida Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-9625368-1-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=B_M7vlQPa8kC&q=cuyler+and+bogart+washington+park&pg=PA155","url_text":"Albany Architecture"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9625368-1-4","url_text":"0-9625368-1-4"}]},{"reference":"Benjamin, Elizabeth (1999-04-22). \"Albany's En Route to More Parking\". Times Union (Albany). Hearst Communications. p. A1. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120526063338/http://albarchive.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=5984720","url_text":"\"Albany's En Route to More Parking\""},{"url":"http://albarchive.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=5984720","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Sombke, Laurence (1999-05-23). \"Very Victorian the Era's Love of Nostalgia and Fragrance Blooms Again in the Garden\". Times Union (Albany). Hearst Communications. p. H1. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120526063351/http://albarchive.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=5989954","url_text":"\"Very Victorian the Era's Love of Nostalgia and Fragrance Blooms Again in the Garden\""},{"url":"http://albarchive.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=5989954","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Howell, George Rogers; Tenney, Jonathan (1886). Bi-Centennial History of Albany: History of the County of Albany, N.Y., From 1609 to 1886. W.W. Munsell & Co.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=6UdbEIAEit8C&q=%22bleecker+park%22+albany&pg=PA518","url_text":"Bi-Centennial History of Albany: History of the County of Albany, N.Y., From 1609 to 1886"}]},{"reference":"Reynolds, Cuyler (1906). Albany Chronicles: A History of the City Arranged Chronologically. J.B. Lyon Company. p. 646. delaware ave.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_XNU0AAAAIAAJ","url_text":"Albany Chronicles: A History of the City Arranged Chronologically"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_XNU0AAAAIAAJ/page/n946","url_text":"646"}]},{"reference":"Basu, Rekha (1986-05-29). \"Park Cleanup Courtesy of Inmates\". The Knickerbocker News. Hearst Communications. p. 4A. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120526063356/http://albarchive.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=5474525","url_text":"\"Park Cleanup Courtesy of Inmates\""},{"url":"http://albarchive.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=5474525","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Scruton, Bruce A. (2004-05-03). \"Historic Locations Honored\". Times Union (Albany). Hearst Communications. p. B8. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120526063401/http://albarchive.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=6288636","url_text":"\"Historic Locations Honored\""},{"url":"http://albarchive.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=6288636","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruhime
Haruhime
["1 References"]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Haruhime" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Haruhime (媛姫, 1641 – 28 July 1658) was the daughter of Hoshina Masayuki, granddaughter of Tokugawa Hidetada and great-granddaughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu. In 1654, she married Uesugi Tsunakatsu, the third head of the Yonezawa Domain. They had no children, so they adopted a son of Tsunakatsu's younger sister with Kira Yoshinaka. She died in 1658 because she was poisoned by her mother, Shoko-in (1620–1691). References ^ Nakamura, Akihiko (19 February 2013). 会津のこころ (in Japanese). PHP研究所. p. 19. ISBN 9784569679501. Retrieved 4 December 2016. This biographical article related to Japan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Holiday_Bowl
2016 Holiday Bowl
["1 Teams","1.1 Minnesota","1.2 Washington State","2 Game summary","2.1 Scoring summary","2.2 Statistics","3 References"]
College football game2016 National Funding Holiday Bowl39th Holiday Bowl Minnesota Golden Gophers Washington State Cougars (8–4) (8–4) Big Ten Pac-12 17 12 Head coach: Tracy Claeys Head coach: Mike Leach 1234 Total Minnesota 0377 17 Washington State 3306 12 DateDecember 27, 2016Season2016StadiumQualcomm StadiumLocationSan Diego, CaliforniaMVPOffense: Minnesota RB Rodney SmithDefense: Minnesota LB Blake CashmanFavoriteWashington State by 10RefereeGary Patterson (ACC)Attendance48,704PayoutUS$5.93 million (total for both teams)United States TV coverageNetworkESPN/ESPN Radio, ESPN DeportesAnnouncersBob Wischusen, Brock Huard, Allison Williams Holiday Bowl  < 2015  2017 >  The 2016 Holiday Bowl was a postseason college football bowl game, played at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, on December 27, 2016. This was the last time the Holiday Bowl was played at Qualcomm Stadium. Beginning in 2017, the game was played at SDCCU Stadium, the home of the SDSU Aztecs. The 39th edition of the Holiday Bowl featured the Minnesota Golden Gophers of the Big Ten Conference versus the Washington State Cougars of the Pac-12 Conference. Sponsored by small business loan company National Funding, the game is officially known as the National Funding Holiday Bowl. Teams Minnesota Main articles: 2016 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team and 2016 Big Ten Conference football season This was Minnesota's first appearance in the Holiday Bowl. On December 15, Minnesota players threatened to boycott all football activity, including participation in the 2016 Holiday Bowl, in protest against a decision to suspend ten players from the team. The suspension was made as a result of school investigation into sexual assault charges from the beginning of school year. The legal process had already run its course, with no charges filed. On December 17, the Golden Gophers ended their boycott and announced they would play. Washington State Main articles: 2016 Washington State Cougars football team and 2016 Pac-12 Conference football season This was Washington State's third appearance in the Holiday Bowl, having lost to #14 Brigham Young in 1981, and having defeated #5 Texas in 2003. Game summary Scoring summary Scoring summary Quarter Time Drive Team Scoring information Score Plays Yards TOP MINN WSU 1 6:23 17 76 6:33 WSU 26-yard field goal by Erik Powell 0 3 2 7:26 6 14 2:53 MINN 43-yard field goal by Emmit Carpenter 3 3 2 0:33 7 14 1:56 WSU 41-yard field goal by Erik Powell 3 6 3 3:23 10 84 5:22 MINN Shannon Brooks 13-yard touchdown reception from Mitch Leidner, Emmit Carpenter kick good 10 6 4 2:06 4 31 0:59 MINN Rodney Smith 9-yard touchdown run, Emmit Carpenter kick good 17 6 4 0:19 10 79 1:42 WSU Kyle Sweet 8-yard touchdown reception from Luke Falk, 2-point pass (Falk–Lewis) failed 17 12 "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. 17 12 Statistics Statistics MINN WSU First Downs 17 16 Plays-yards 61-279 74-303 Third down efficiency 3-12 7-19 Rushes-yards 41-150 23-39 Passing yards 129 264 Passing, Comp-Att-Int 11-20-0 30-51-1 Time of Possession 28:54 31:06 Team Category Player Statistics MINN Passing Mitch Leidner 11/20, 129 yds, 1 TD Rushing Rodney Smith 17 car, 74 yds, 1 TD Receiving Drew Wolitarsky 5 rec, 73 yds WSU Passing Luke Falk 30/51, 264 yds, 1 TD, 1 INT Rushing Gerard Wicks 5 car, 26 yds Receiving Robert Lewis 6 rec, 86 yds References ^ "College Football". VegasInsider.com. VegasInsider.com Inc. Archived from the original on December 28, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2016. ^ "StatBroadcast® Systems - Box Score - Minnesota 17 at Washington State 12". ^ "2016 National Funding Holiday Bowl Media Guide" (PDF). Retrieved December 7, 2016. ^ "Press Releases". ESPN. December 6, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2016. ^ "MINNESOTA AND WASHINGTON STATE TO FACE OFF IN 2016 NATIONAL FUNDING HOLIDAY BOWL". San Diego Bowl Game Association. Retrieved December 5, 2016. ^ Christensen, Joe (December 16, 2016). "Gophers players boycott football after suspensions; Holiday Bowl in jeopardy". Star-Tribune. Retrieved December 27, 2016. ^ Krawczynski, Joe (December 17, 2016). "Minnesota team ends boycott threat, will go to Holiday Bowl". Star-Tribune. Archived from the original on December 28, 2016. Retrieved December 27, 2016. vte2016–17 NCAA football bowl game season New Mexico (Dec. 17) Las Vegas (Dec. 17) Camellia (Dec. 17) Cure (Dec. 17) New Orleans (Dec. 17) Miami Beach (Dec. 19) Boca Raton (Dec. 20) Poinsettia (Dec. 21) Famous Idaho Potato (Dec. 22) Armed Forces (Dec. 23) Bahamas (Dec. 23) Dollar General (Dec. 23) Hawaii (Dec. 24) Quick Lane (Dec. 26) St. Petersburg (Dec. 26) Independence (Dec. 26) Heart of Dallas (Dec. 27) Military (Dec. 27) Cactus (Dec. 27) Holiday (Dec. 27) Russell Athletic (Dec. 28) Pinstripe (Dec. 28) Texas (Dec. 28) Foster Farms (Dec. 28) Alamo (Dec. 29) Birmingham (Dec. 29) Belk (Dec. 29) Orange (Dec. 30) Liberty (Dec. 30) Arizona (Dec. 30) Music City (Dec. 30) Sun (Dec. 30) TaxSlayer (Dec. 31) Citrus (Dec. 31) Outback (Jan. 2) Rose (Jan. 2) Sugar (Jan. 2) Cotton (Jan. 2) College Football Playoff games: Peach (semifinal) (Dec. 31) Fiesta (semifinal) (Dec. 31) National Championship Game (Jan. 9) All-Star Games: East–West Shrine Game (Jan. 21) NFLPA Collegiate Bowl (Jan. 21) Senior Bowl (Jan. 28) vteHoliday BowlHistory & conference tie-ins History San Diego Stadium (1978–2019) Petco Park (2022–present) Big Ten Conference Pac-12 Conference Games 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Notes The 1984 game is the only time that the eventual national champion played its bowl game in December. vteMinnesota Golden Gophers bowl games 1961 Rose Bowl 1962 Rose Bowl 1977 Hall of Fame Classic 1985 Independence Bowl 1986 Liberty Bowl 1999 Sun Bowl 2000 MicronPC.com Bowl 2002 Music City Bowl 2003 Sun Bowl 2004 Music City Bowl 2005 Music City Bowl 2006 Insight Bowl 2008 Insight Bowl 2009 Insight Bowl 2012 Meineke Car Care Bowl of Texas 2013 Texas Bowl 2015 Citrus Bowl 2015 Quick Lane Bowl 2016 Holiday Bowl 2018 Quick Lane Bowl 2020 Outback Bowl 2021 Guaranteed Rate Bowl 2022 Pinstripe Bowl 2023 Quick Lane Bowl vteWashington State Cougars bowl games 1916 Rose Bowl 1931 Rose Bowl 1981 Holiday Bowl 1988 Aloha Bowl 1992 Copper Bowl 1994 Alamo Bowl 1998 Rose Bowl 2001 Sun Bowl 2003 Rose Bowl 2003 Holiday Bowl 2013 New Mexico Bowl 2015 Sun Bowl 2016 Holiday Bowl 2017 Holiday Bowl 2018 Alamo Bowl 2019 Cheez-It Bowl 2021 Sun Bowl 2022 LA Bowl
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Holmlund
Anna Holmlund
["1 Career","2 World Cup podiums","3 References","4 External links"]
Swedish freestyle skier Anna HolmlundAnna Holmlund in 2013Country SwedenBorn (1987-10-03) 3 October 1987 (age 36)Selånger, SwedenSki clubSundsvalls SLKWorld Cup careerSeasons8 – (2009–2011, 2013–2017)Starts67Podiums33Wins19Overall titles0 – (2nd in 2015, 2016)Discipline titles3 – Ski cross (2011, 2015, 2016) Medal record Representing  Sweden Women's Freestyle skiing Olympic Games 2014 Sochi Ski cross World Championships 2011 Deer Valley Ski cross Anna Ida Holmlund (born 3 October 1987) is a Swedish former ski cross athlete. Career Holmlund won 19 World Cup races and three ski cross World Cups up to 2016. She came sixth at the 2010 Winter Olympics and won the bronze medal at the 2014 Winter Olympics. She won a bronze medal at the 2011 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships. During a practice run on 19 December 2016 in Innichen, Holmlund crashed and suffered head injuries with brain hemorrhages and facial fractures, including a diffuse axonal injury. Doctors put her in a medically induced coma in a hospital in Bolzano and a week later she was flown back to Sweden. In May 2017, the Swedish Ski Association announced that Holmlund had regained consciousness and had communicated with and recognised friends and family. In July 2017, she left the Danderyd hospital, where she had been treated, and returned to her hometown of Sundsvall. In December 2017, Holmlund took her first steps since the accident. She made a return to the ski slopes in February 2018, when she took to the snow in a sit-ski for the first time. In April 2018, she made a return to competition by racing in a biski with the assistance of her brother Kalle: they won the women's class in a downhill race in Åre. In early November 2018, Holmlund was announced as an ambassador for Stockholm's bid for the 2026 Winter Olympics. World Cup podiums Holmlund at the FIS Ski Cross World Cup Finals, Megève (2015) Season Date Location Place 2009–2010 21 December 2009 Innichen, Italy 1st 22 December 2009 Innichen, Italy 1st 14 March 2010 Grindelwald, Switzerland 1st 19 March 2010 Sierra Nevada, Spain 1st 2010–2011 18 December 2010 Innichen, Italy 1st 16 January 2011 Les Contamines, France 3rd 29 January 2011 Grasgehren, Germany 1st 6 March 2011 Meiringen, Switzerland 1st 13 March 2011 Branäs, Sweden 1st 19 March 2011 Voss, Norway 1st 2012–2013 8 December 2012 Nakiska, Canada 3rd 13 December 2012 Telluride, United States 3rd 12 January 2013 Les Contamines, France 2nd 2013–2014 21 December 2013 Innichen, Italy 3rd 2014–2015 10 January 2015 Val Thorens, France 2nd 6 February 2015 Arosa, Switzerland 2nd 7 February 2015 Arosa, Switzerland 2nd 15 February 2015 Åre, Sweden 1st 21 February 2015 Tegernsee, Germany 3rd 22 February 2015 Tegernsee, Germany 1st 13 March 2015 Megeve, France 1st 14 March 2015 Megeve, France 1st 2015–2016 5 December 2015 Montafon, Austria 2nd 11 December 2015 Val Thorens, France 1st 12 December 2015 Val Thorens, France 1st 19 December 2015 Innichen, Italy 2nd 16 January 2016 Watles, Italy 1st 17 January 2016 Watles, Italy 2nd 23 January 2016 Nakiska, Alberta, Canada 2nd 13 February 2016 Idre Fjäll, Sweden 1st 28 February 2016 Bokwang/Pyeongchang, South Korea 3rd 4 March 2016 Arosa, Graubünden, Switzerland 1st 2016–2017 10 December 2016 Val Thorens, France 1st References ^ "Sladdbarn med vinnarskalle". dt.se (in Swedish). 21 February 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2020. ^ "FIS bio". Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2020. ^ "FIS – Anna Holmlund". Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011. ^ "Swedish ski cross champion in coma after surgery". The Local. 20 December 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016. ^ "Swedish skier Holmlund in coma after training crash". Reuters. 20 December 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016. ^ "Second freestyle skier injured on hill that left Sochi bronze medallist in coma". The Guardian. Associated Press. 21 December 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016. ^ "Anna Holmlund har flugits hem". Sportbladet. 27 December 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2016 – via Aftonbladet. ^ "Olympic ski cross medalist Anna Holmlund out of coma 5 months after crash". ESPN (UK TV channel). 18 May 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017. ^ Israelsson, Fredrik (16 November 2017). "Efter Anna Holmlunds flytt till Sundsvall: "En svår omställning"" . svt.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 December 2018. ^ Lindström, Johannes (22 December 2017). "Här tar Anna Holmlund första stegen efter olyckan" . svt.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 December 2018. ^ Jörnmark, Moa (26 March 2018). "Anna Holmlund tillbaka i backen: "Underbart"" . svt.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 December 2018. ^ Israelsson, Fredrik (21 April 2018). "Anna Holmlund gjorde comeback – vann störtloppstävling" . svt.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 December 2018. ^ Israelsson, Fredrik (7 November 2018). "Anna Holmlund: "Jag tänder gärna OS-elden"" . svt.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 December 2018. External links Anna Holmlund at FIS (freestyle) Anna Holmlund at Olympedia Anna Holmlund at the Swedish Olympic Committee (in Swedish) Anna Holmlund at the X Games (archived) Media related to Anna Holmlund at Wikimedia Commons
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[{"reference":"\"Sladdbarn med vinnarskalle\". dt.se (in Swedish). 21 February 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dt.se/artikel/sladdbarn-med-vinnarskalle-4","url_text":"\"Sladdbarn med vinnarskalle\""}]},{"reference":"\"FIS bio\". Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110604071746/http://www.fis-ski.com/de/606/615.html?type=biog&competitorid=152555&sector=FS","url_text":"\"FIS bio\""},{"url":"http://www.fis-ski.com/de/606/615.html?type=biog&competitorid=152555&sector=FS","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"FIS – Anna Holmlund\". Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110207174231/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/610.html?sector=FS&raceid=5740","url_text":"\"FIS – Anna Holmlund\""},{"url":"http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/610.html?sector=FS&raceid=5740","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Swedish ski cross champion in coma after surgery\". The Local. 20 December 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.thelocal.se/20161220/swedish-ski-cross-champion-in-coma-after-surgery","url_text":"\"Swedish ski cross champion in coma after surgery\""}]},{"reference":"\"Swedish skier Holmlund in coma after training crash\". Reuters. 20 December 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-holmlund-idUSKBN1482EX","url_text":"\"Swedish skier Holmlund in coma after training crash\""}]},{"reference":"\"Second freestyle skier injured on hill that left Sochi bronze medallist in coma\". The Guardian. Associated Press. 21 December 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/dec/21/swedish-freestyle-skier-injured-world-cup-innichen-sandra-naslund-anna-holmlund","url_text":"\"Second freestyle skier injured on hill that left Sochi bronze medallist in coma\""}]},{"reference":"\"Anna Holmlund har flugits hem\". Sportbladet. 27 December 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2016 – via Aftonbladet.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.aftonbladet.se/sportbladet/a/B9pL9/anna-holmlund-har-flugits-hem","url_text":"\"Anna Holmlund har flugits hem\""}]},{"reference":"\"Olympic ski cross medalist Anna Holmlund out of coma 5 months after crash\". ESPN (UK TV channel). 18 May 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.espn.co.uk/olympics/skiing/story/_/id/19409765/olympic-ski-cross-medalist-anna-holmlund-coma-5-months-crash","url_text":"\"Olympic ski cross medalist Anna Holmlund out of coma 5 months after crash\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN_(UK_TV_channel)","url_text":"ESPN (UK TV channel)"}]},{"reference":"Israelsson, Fredrik (16 November 2017). \"Efter Anna Holmlunds flytt till Sundsvall: \"En svår omställning\"\" [After Anna Holmlund's move to Sundsvall: \"A difficult transition\"]. svt.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 December 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/vasternorrland/nu-har-anna-holmlund-flyttat-hem-till-sundsvall","url_text":"\"Efter Anna Holmlunds flytt till Sundsvall: \"En svår omställning\"\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svt.se","url_text":"svt.se"}]},{"reference":"Lindström, Johannes (22 December 2017). \"Här tar Anna Holmlund första stegen efter olyckan\" [Here, Anna Holmlund takes first steps after the accident]. svt.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 December 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.svt.se/sport/vintersport/se-unika-bilderna-anna-holmlund-gar","url_text":"\"Här tar Anna Holmlund första stegen efter olyckan\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svt.se","url_text":"svt.se"}]},{"reference":"Jörnmark, Moa (26 March 2018). \"Anna Holmlund tillbaka i backen: \"Underbart\"\" [Anna Holmlund back on the slope: \"Wonderful\"]. svt.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 December 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.svt.se/sport/vintersport/anna-holmlund-tillbaka-i-backen-underbart","url_text":"\"Anna Holmlund tillbaka i backen: \"Underbart\"\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svt.se","url_text":"svt.se"}]},{"reference":"Israelsson, Fredrik (21 April 2018). \"Anna Holmlund gjorde comeback – vann störtloppstävling\" [Anna Holmlund makes comeback – wins downhill race]. svt.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 December 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/vasternorrland/anna-holmlund-gjorde-comeback-vann-stortloppstavling","url_text":"\"Anna Holmlund gjorde comeback – vann störtloppstävling\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svt.se","url_text":"svt.se"}]},{"reference":"Israelsson, Fredrik (7 November 2018). \"Anna Holmlund: \"Jag tänder gärna OS-elden\"\" [Anna Holmlund: \"I'd like to light the Olympic flame\"]. svt.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 December 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/vasternorrland/anna-holmlund-jag-tander-garna-os-elden","url_text":"\"Anna Holmlund: \"Jag tänder gärna OS-elden\"\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svt.se","url_text":"svt.se"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littorina_sookensis
Littorina sookensis
["1 Description","2 Distribution","3 References"]
Species of gastropod Littorina sookensis Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropoda Subclass: Caenogastropoda Order: Littorinimorpha Family: Littorinidae Genus: Littorina Species: L. sookensis Binomial name Littorina sookensisClark & Arnold, 1923 Littorina sookensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. Description This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (June 2010) Distribution This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (June 2010) References ^ Littorina sookensis Clark & Arnold, 1923. WoRMS (2010). Littorina sookensis Clark & Arnold, 1923. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=445650 on 6 June 2010 . Taxon identifiersLittorina sookensis Wikidata: Q6653348 CoL: 3VNS2 GBIF: 6491875 IRMNG: 11783486 Open Tree of Life: 2917365 WoRMS: 445650 This Littorinidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastery_of_Panayia_Yiatrissa
Monastery of Panayia Yiatrissa
["1 Name","2 Locale","3 Birth of Panayia Yiatrissa","4 Gallery","5 References","6 Further reading"]
Pronunciation of "Panayia Yiatrissa" Problems playing this file? See media help. Panayia YiatrissaΠαναγία ΓιάτρισσαLocation within GreeceMonastery informationOther namesPanagia Giatrisa, Moni Panagia GiatrissaOrderGreek OrthodoxEstablished382 AD (re-established 1683)Dedicated toOur Lady of HealingDioceseGytheio & ItyloSiteLocationKastania, Sminos, GreeceCountryGreeceCoordinates36°50′58″N 22°23′16″E / 36.849455°N 22.387863°E / 36.849455; 22.387863Public accessyesOther informationEast Mani 230 61, Greece, +30 2733 094086 The Monastery of Panayia Yiatrissa is an Orthodox Christian monastery located in the southern Peloponnese of Greece. The monastery was erected on the site of the ruins of an ancient temple of Athena. The conversion of the temple from pagan to Christian took place possibly as early as 382 AD. The site grew to include many structures spread over a wide area, but sometime later it was largely if not wholly abandoned. Tradition holds that it was reestablished as a Christian monastery in 1683 and that numerous miraculous healings have occurred there. Over the ages, the condition of the monastery has ebbed and flowed with the tide of wars, occupations, famines, and faltering or flourishing economies. Today, the monastery complex includes a moderately sized, ornately decorated, Byzantine-style church, and a second small but quaint chapel. Residential quarters for overnight visitors surround the interior courtyard. Outside, the monastery rewards visitors with scenic 360 degree vistas, made accessible by an impressive rampart that encircles the complex and enables visitors to easily walk the site perimeter. Dedicated to “Our Lady of Healing,” the monastery is primarily used to celebrate the Nativity of Mary, the feast day commemorating the birth of the Virgin Mary, which occurs annually on September 8. Greek churches dedicated to the Virgin Mary are usually called Panagia. On the feast day, hundreds or thousands of worshippers converge on the monastery from all directions, individually or in large groups, arriving by foot, bicycle, car, bus, or other means. The monastery has sleeping and eating quarters for several dozen overnight visitors, but the remainder either camp outside or find other accommodations. The monastery was declared a holy shrine in 1972, and since 1977 it has been staffed full-time by clergy in residence. The monastery maintains a minimal staff of one or two residents. Despite this, it is open most days and accepts visitors and tourists, welcoming even those arriving primarily for the magnificent views of the mountains, valleys, and seas below. Liturgies are held regularly, and special services and visits can be arranged on short-notice by contacting the monastery. Name The Greek word Panayia (Παναγία) or Panagia literally means “All Holy;” however, it is used in the Eastern Orthodox Church as a title for the Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ. In English, and in western Christian traditions like the Roman Catholic Church, the analogous title is “Our Lady.” The word Yiatrissa (Γιάτρισσα) comes from the Greek for “Doctor” or more generally, “Healer.” Thus, a literal translation of Panayia Yiatrissa yields “All Holy Healer,” but a more commonly understood English translation is “Our Lady of Healing,” which provides a more clear reference to the Virgin Mary. The name Panayia Yiatrissa is pronounced: pah-nah-YEE-ah yee-AH-tree-sah (/pɑːnɑː'jiːɑː jiː’ɑːtriːsɑː/) Locale Regional map of Panayia Yiatrissa Panayia Yiatrissa is located on the Taygetos mountain range where it juts into the Mediterranean Sea and forms the southernmost peninsula of mainland Greece, also known as the Mani Peninsula, ending at Cape Matapan (more commonly called Cape Tenaro). The monastery is near the Vasiliki Forest of Taygetos, 5 km from Kastania. It sits on a saddle ridge straddling the eastern and western slopes of Taygetos, with the Laconian Gulf visible to the east and the Messinian Gulf visible to the west. This location is one of few natural crossing points between the two slopes of the peninsula. Administratively, Panayia Yiatrissa belongs to the two history-rich prefectures, Laconia and Messinia. Panayia Yiatrissa also lies on Europe’s E4 long distance hiking path, as it traverses south from Sparta, crosses Taygetos, and descends to the sea at Gythio. The Taygetos peninsula has been inhabited since Neolithic times and its archeological sites record several millennia of human history. The region was densely populated at times, sought after by numerous empires, and served as a crossroads for invaders, marauders and pirates. The population remained relatively high well into the 20th century; however, modern demographic trends and recent economic troubles have severely reduced the population. Yet, during summer months the nearby beaches on both Laconian and Messinian shores attract millions of visitors, breathing a tenuous vitality into the area. In addition to the beaches, visitors are attracted to the many historic sites and the natural beauty of the region. Yiatrissa overlooking Kastania village. The pre-revolutionary Venetzanakis tower is at center, and historic Church of the Metamorphosis at far-right Nearby Alepotrypa Cave houses one of the earliest Neolithic burial sites in Europe. Mycenean beehive tombs have been discovered adjacent to the nearby village of Arna, approximately 2.5 air-miles away (4 km). Roman era artifacts and burial sites (early centuries AD) are well known in/around the immediately adjacent villages of the Sminos municipality, the closest being at Kastania. In the 1200s, Frankish crusaders subdued the region and established a major fortification at nearby Mystras. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, and the collapse of the Byzantine empire, the last Byzantine emperor made Mystras his stronghold, holding out for seven years until the city finally fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1460. During the medieval era the Taygetos peninsula became known as the Mani Peninsula, and the local population became known as Μανιάτες (Maniotes), who claim to be descendants of the ancient Spartans. During the Ottoman period, the Mani Peninsula became a hotbed of rebellious activity leading up to the Greek Revolution of 1821. In an attempt to control the area, the Ottomans established new towns and posted a heavy garrison in/around the Castle of Bardounia, just below Panayia Yiatrissa. Many battles were fought within earshot of the monastery, particularly the 1770 Battle of Kastania at the Venetzanakis towers. During World War II, the area around Panayia Yiatrissa was home to many resistance fighters; and then again home to partisans during the Greek Civil war. Birth of Panayia Yiatrissa The detailed history of Panayia Yiatrissa was described (as follows) in 1902 by the monastery’s Abbot Sofroniou Sarantopoulou, based on “factual information from multiple sources and consideration of oral tradition.” He found that a religious site had existed in different forms dating back centuries to times when Greeks believed in the twelve gods of Olympus, and that the monastery of today is located where a Temple of Athena once stood. The temple had multiple priests who maintained the sanctuary and an altar for performance of rituals. In the year 382 AD, a priest of the temple to Athena, a man named Vrasithas (Βρασίδας), traveled to the Peloponnesian city of Patras and was introduced to a new monotheistic religion, Christianity, that was burgeoning at the time. (Modern scholars would probably note that the “Edict of Thessalonica” was issued in 380 AD, making Christianity the Roman Empire’s state religion.) In Patras, Vrasithas was converted, baptized, and given the Christian name Vitalios (Βιτάλιος). Upon his return to the Temple of Athena, he convincingly preached to the other priests, who also converted to Christianity. Tradition states that these men then spread Christianity throughout the region of Laconia. The Temple of Athena was transformed into a church dedicated to “γεννέσιον της Θεοτόκου και αειπάρθενου Μαρίας,” literally “the birth of the Mother of God, the ever-virgin Mary.” Afterwards, the priests constructed a complex consisting of various buildings, eventually creating a small town spanning approximately 200,000 sq meters, the span being attested to by remnants of ancient structures that he states have been found. He notes, however, that the tyranny of time and devastating wars have left little but the coarsest materials from this period. Nonetheless, to this day, the area remains known as “καλογερικό,” meaning “a place of monks.” From this era of Christianization, circa 400 AD, to the late 1600s, a large gap appears in Sarantopoulou’s history. In fact, it is well known that this region of Laconia, the Mani peninsula in particular, resisted large-scale conversion for many centuries. Another version of the history is more consistent with this fact. According to regional lore, a well-known saint named Νίκων ο μετανοείτε, “Nikon the Repentist,” passed through the monastic complex and gained inspiration there (circa 980 AD). He then went on to traverse the remote and rugged region of Mani, where the “fiery apostle of the new religion” is credited with building many churches in the recalcitrant Mani region below Taygetos. The two versions are not entirely contradictory and perhaps both contain elements of truth. In any event, it seems clear that after some additional centuries, the monastic complex fell into disuse and perhaps complete abandonment. Sarantopoulou’s story picks up again, in 1632 AD, where he describes the legend of a local lord from the wealthy Iliofenti family of Kastania (“Chestnut town,” then known as Kastanitsa, or little Kastania), a village just below today’s Panayia Yiatrissa: "Kyriakoulis Iliafentis with his wife Maria, both being 56 years of age and having no children, were distraught and ashamed by their childlessness” (it being a social stigma), “decided to separate themselves from the community of Kastania and to live in isolation. With this in mind, they built a church on the old temple site using boulders that remained. They also built a large bridge” (in the valley below) “to the town of Arna, and donated all their properties, to this purpose, and planned to build housing for monks to live on the monastery site. Unexpectedly, however, the barren wife Maria gave birth to a son the year after they built the church; and she gave birth to a second son another year later. From them are descendant many of the families…” (that are well known in Kastania, broader Laconia, and even distant regions, including) “…a branch of the Stefanopouli family that migrated to the Mediterranean island of Corsica, from which came Napoleon the Great." Sarantopoulou’s account continues on to describe a variety of other miraculous events that have occurred in relation to Panayia Yiatrissa, many related to healings. However, while it is clear that the name “Panayia” (Παναγία) may date back as far as the original temple’s conversion to Christianity (be it 382 or 980 AD), it is not clear when or why the name “Yiatrissa” (Γιάτρισσα) was first used. There is a distinct possibility that the name was associated with the original Temple of Athena, as Athena is occasionally associated with the medical arts (yiatriki, ιατρική) as well as chastity and virginity (parthenos, παρθένος), making the combination of names “Panayia Yiatrissa” a natural transition for reference to the “Virgin Mary, Healer” (alternately “Our Lady the Healer”). Gallery Panayia Yiatrissa feast day celebration - circa 1905 AD. Panayia Yiatrissa - circa 1950 AD. Panayia Yiatrissa southward view of modern monastery complex and parking areas (2011 AD). Entrance to upper courtyard and main chapel of Panayia Yiatrissa. The entrance walkway of Panayia Yiatrissa, looking outward. View of Chapel Entrance above Lower Courtyard of Panayia Yiatrissa. Broader view of Panayia Yiatrissa's lower courtyard, facing the Messinian Gulf. Sunset view across lower courtyard with memorial dedication, “Υελούσε Φώς” (“Her Laugh Radiated Light”) in foreground. From this spot, one can see sunrise and sunset. Night-time view from lower courtyard toward main chapel and upper courtyard entrance. Upper courtyard and bell tower of Panayia Yiatrissa, facing southeast toward the Laconian Gulf. Traditional Panayia and Child iconostasis – one among a variety of types found inside the main chapel. This marble Templon with Byzantine-style icons separates the nave of Panayia Yiatrissa from the altar. View of Panayia Yiatrissa's “Christ Pantocrator” icon and arched ceiling/wall iconography of the main chapel. Example of iconography adorning the side walls and arched ceiling of Panayia Yiatrissa's main chapel. Doorway arch adornment recalling ancient nautical theme, at Panayia Yiatrissa's lower courtyard. Door of Panayia Yiatrissa's main chapel, displaying Orthodox (Byzantine) double-headed eagle and serpents. Refreshing fountain flowing with mountain spring-water inside the walls of Panayia Yiatrissa. View along Panayia Yiatrissa's western, arch-adorned rampart at sunset. Moonrise panorama from Panayia Yiatrissa's southern rampart. References ^ a b Sarantopoulou, Sofroniou (1955). History of the Monastery of Mount Taygetus, "Panayia Yiatrissa" (in Greek). Kalamata, Greece.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) ^ a b Salvation (1979). History and Aesthetics of the Holy Monastery "Panayia Yiatrissa" (in Greek). Kalamata, Greece.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) ^ a b Lagakou, Nelli (2010). Holy Monastery "Panayia Yiatrissa," the Panayia of Taygetus (in Greek). Sparta, Greece.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) ^ "CHURCH ADMINISTRATION". Archived from the original on November 29, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2015. Some of the information in this article was translated from el:Παναγία η Γιάτρισσα Further reading Palamas, Kostis, Everything, 16th volume, "The Doctor," (in Greek), pp. 227–229, Biris Publications, Athens 1972.
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See media help.The Monastery of Panayia Yiatrissa is an Orthodox Christian monastery located in the southern Peloponnese of Greece. The monastery was erected on the site of the ruins of an ancient temple of Athena. The conversion of the temple from pagan to Christian took place possibly as early as 382 AD.The site grew to include many structures spread over a wide area, but sometime later it was largely if not wholly abandoned. Tradition holds that it was reestablished as a Christian monastery in 1683 and that numerous miraculous healings have occurred there.[1][2]Over the ages, the condition of the monastery has ebbed and flowed with the tide of wars, occupations, famines, and faltering or flourishing economies. Today, the monastery complex includes a moderately sized, ornately decorated, Byzantine-style church, and a second small but quaint chapel. Residential quarters for overnight visitors surround the interior courtyard. Outside, the monastery rewards visitors with scenic 360 degree vistas, made accessible by an impressive rampart that encircles the complex and enables visitors to easily walk the site perimeter.[3]Dedicated to “Our Lady of Healing,” the monastery is primarily used to celebrate the Nativity of Mary, the feast day commemorating the birth of the Virgin Mary, which occurs annually on September 8. Greek churches dedicated to the Virgin Mary are usually called Panagia.On the feast day, hundreds or thousands of worshippers converge on the monastery from all directions, individually or in large groups, arriving by foot, bicycle, car, bus, or other means. The monastery has sleeping and eating quarters for several dozen overnight visitors, but the remainder either camp outside or find other accommodations.The monastery was declared a holy shrine in 1972, and since 1977 it has been staffed full-time by clergy in residence. The monastery maintains a minimal staff of one or two residents. Despite this, it is open most days and accepts visitors and tourists, welcoming even those arriving primarily for the magnificent views of the mountains, valleys, and seas below. Liturgies are held regularly, and special services and visits can be arranged on short-notice by contacting the monastery.","title":"Monastery of Panayia Yiatrissa"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Panayia (Παναγία) or Panagia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panagia"},{"link_name":"Greek for “Doctor” or more generally, “Healer.”","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%B0%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek"},{"link_name":"pah-nah-YEE-ah yee-AH-tree-sah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key"},{"link_name":"/pɑːnɑː'jiːɑː jiː’ɑːtriːsɑː/","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek"}],"text":"The Greek word Panayia (Παναγία) or Panagia literally means “All Holy;” however, it is used in the Eastern Orthodox Church as a title for the Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ. In English, and in western Christian traditions like the Roman Catholic Church, the analogous title is “Our Lady.”The word Yiatrissa (Γιάτρισσα) comes from the Greek for “Doctor” or more generally, “Healer.”Thus, a literal translation of Panayia Yiatrissa yields “All Holy Healer,” but a more commonly understood English translation is “Our Lady of Healing,” which provides a more clear reference to the Virgin Mary.The name Panayia Yiatrissa is pronounced: pah-nah-YEE-ah yee-AH-tree-sah (/pɑːnɑː'jiːɑː jiː’ɑːtriːsɑː/)","title":"Name"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monastery_Panayia_Yiatrissa,_its_location.svg"},{"link_name":"Taygetos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taygetus"},{"link_name":"Mediterranean Sea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea"},{"link_name":"Mani Peninsula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_Peninsula"},{"link_name":"Cape Matapan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Matapan"},{"link_name":"saddle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddle_(landform)"},{"link_name":"Laconian Gulf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laconian_Gulf"},{"link_name":"Messinian Gulf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenian_Gulf"},{"link_name":"Laconia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laconia"},{"link_name":"Messinia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messinia"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"E4 long distance hiking path","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E4_European_long_distance_path"},{"link_name":"Sparta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta"},{"link_name":"Gythio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gytheio"},{"link_name":"Neolithic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic"},{"link_name":"sought after by numerous empires, and served as a crossroads for invaders, marauders and pirates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniots#Ancient_Mani"},{"link_name":"modern demographic trends","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_flight"},{"link_name":"recent economic troubles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_government-debt_crisis"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_20_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_above_Kastania_Village.png"},{"link_name":"Alepotrypa Cave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alepotrypa_cave"},{"link_name":"Arna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arna,_Greece"},{"link_name":"Roman era","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome"},{"link_name":"Sminos municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sminos"},{"link_name":"Kastania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastania,_Laconia"},{"link_name":"Frankish crusaders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades"},{"link_name":"Mystras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystras"},{"link_name":"Mani Peninsula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_Peninsula"},{"link_name":"Μανιάτες (Maniotes)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniots"},{"link_name":"Ottoman period","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Greece"},{"link_name":"Greek Revolution of 1821","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence"},{"link_name":"1770 Battle of Kastania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniots#Ottoman_invasion_of_Mani_(1770)"},{"link_name":"many resistance fighters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II"},{"link_name":"Greek Civil war","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Civil_War"}],"text":"Regional map of Panayia YiatrissaPanayia Yiatrissa is located on the Taygetos mountain range where it juts into the Mediterranean Sea and forms the southernmost peninsula of mainland Greece, also known as the Mani Peninsula, ending at Cape Matapan (more commonly called Cape Tenaro). The monastery is near the Vasiliki Forest of Taygetos, 5 km from Kastania. It sits on a saddle ridge straddling the eastern and western slopes of Taygetos, with the Laconian Gulf visible to the east and the Messinian Gulf visible to the west. This location is one of few natural crossing points between the two slopes of the peninsula. Administratively, Panayia Yiatrissa belongs to the two history-rich prefectures, Laconia and Messinia.[4]Panayia Yiatrissa also lies on Europe’s E4 long distance hiking path, as it traverses south from Sparta, crosses Taygetos, and descends to the sea at Gythio.The Taygetos peninsula has been inhabited since Neolithic times and its archeological sites record several millennia of human history. The region was densely populated at times, sought after by numerous empires, and served as a crossroads for invaders, marauders and pirates. The population remained relatively high well into the 20th century; however, modern demographic trends and recent economic troubles have severely reduced the population. Yet, during summer months the nearby beaches on both Laconian and Messinian shores attract millions of visitors, breathing a tenuous vitality into the area. In addition to the beaches, visitors are attracted to the many historic sites and the natural beauty of the region.Yiatrissa overlooking Kastania village. The pre-revolutionary Venetzanakis tower is at center, and historic Church of the Metamorphosis at far-rightNearby Alepotrypa Cave houses one of the earliest Neolithic burial sites in Europe.Mycenean beehive tombs have been discovered adjacent to the nearby village of Arna, approximately 2.5 air-miles away (4 km).Roman era artifacts and burial sites (early centuries AD) are well known in/around the immediately adjacent villages of the Sminos municipality, the closest being at Kastania.In the 1200s, Frankish crusaders subdued the region and established a major fortification at nearby Mystras. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, and the collapse of the Byzantine empire, the last Byzantine emperor made Mystras his stronghold, holding out for seven years until the city finally fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1460.During the medieval era the Taygetos peninsula became known as the Mani Peninsula, and the local population became known as Μανιάτες (Maniotes), who claim to be descendants of the ancient Spartans.During the Ottoman period, the Mani Peninsula became a hotbed of rebellious activity leading up to the Greek Revolution of 1821. In an attempt to control the area, the Ottomans established new towns and posted a heavy garrison in/around the Castle of Bardounia, just below Panayia Yiatrissa. Many battles were fought within earshot of the monastery, particularly the 1770 Battle of Kastania at the Venetzanakis towers.During World War II, the area around Panayia Yiatrissa was home to many resistance fighters; and then again home to partisans during the Greek Civil war.","title":"Locale"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"Roman Empire’s state religion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire"},{"link_name":"resisted large-scale conversion for many centuries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_of_Greco-Roman_polytheism"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"Nikon the Repentist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikon_the_Metanoeite"},{"link_name":"Kastania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastania,_Laconia"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-3"}],"text":"The detailed history of Panayia Yiatrissa was described (as follows) in 1902 by the monastery’s Abbot Sofroniou Sarantopoulou, based on “factual information from multiple sources and consideration of oral tradition.[1]” He found that a religious site had existed in different forms dating back centuries to times when Greeks believed in the twelve gods of Olympus, and that the monastery of today is located where a Temple of Athena once stood. The temple had multiple priests who maintained the sanctuary and an altar for performance of rituals. In the year 382 AD, a priest of the temple to Athena, a man named Vrasithas (Βρασίδας), traveled to the Peloponnesian city of Patras and was introduced to a new monotheistic religion, Christianity, that was burgeoning at the time.(Modern scholars would probably note that the “Edict of Thessalonica” was issued in 380 AD, making Christianity the Roman Empire’s state religion.)In Patras, Vrasithas was converted, baptized, and given the Christian name Vitalios (Βιτάλιος). Upon his return to the Temple of Athena, he convincingly preached to the other priests, who also converted to Christianity. Tradition states that these men then spread Christianity throughout the region of Laconia.The Temple of Athena was transformed into a church dedicated to “γεννέσιον της Θεοτόκου και αειπάρθενου Μαρίας,” literally “the birth of the Mother of God, the ever-virgin Mary.” Afterwards, the priests constructed a complex consisting of various buildings, eventually creating a small town spanning approximately 200,000 sq meters, the span being attested to by remnants of ancient structures that he states have been found.He notes, however, that the tyranny of time and devastating wars have left little but the coarsest materials from this period. Nonetheless, to this day, the area remains known as “καλογερικό,” meaning “a place of monks.”From this era of Christianization, circa 400 AD, to the late 1600s, a large gap appears in Sarantopoulou’s history. In fact, it is well known that this region of Laconia, the Mani peninsula in particular, resisted large-scale conversion for many centuries.Another version of the history is more consistent with this fact.[2] According to regional lore, a well-known saint named Νίκων ο μετανοείτε, “Nikon the Repentist,” passed through the monastic complex and gained inspiration there (circa 980 AD). He then went on to traverse the remote and rugged region of Mani, where the “fiery apostle of the new religion” is credited with building many churches in the recalcitrant Mani region below Taygetos.The two versions are not entirely contradictory and perhaps both contain elements of truth. In any event, it seems clear that after some additional centuries, the monastic complex fell into disuse and perhaps complete abandonment.Sarantopoulou’s story picks up again, in 1632 AD, where he describes the legend of a local lord from the wealthy Iliofenti family of Kastania (“Chestnut town,” then known as Kastanitsa, or little Kastania), a village just below today’s Panayia Yiatrissa:\"Kyriakoulis Iliafentis with his wife Maria, both being 56 years of age and having no children, were distraught and ashamed by their childlessness” (it being a social stigma), “decided to separate themselves from the community of Kastania and to live in isolation. With this in mind, they built a church on the old temple site using boulders that remained. They also built a large bridge” (in the valley below) “to the town of Arna, and donated all their properties, to this purpose, and planned to build housing for monks to live on the monastery site. Unexpectedly, however, the barren wife Maria gave birth to a son the year after they built the church; and she gave birth to a second son another year later. From them are descendant many of the families…” (that are well known in Kastania, broader Laconia, and even distant regions, including) “…a branch of the Stefanopouli family that migrated to the Mediterranean island of Corsica, from which came Napoleon the Great.\"Sarantopoulou’s account continues on to describe a variety of other miraculous events that have occurred in relation to Panayia Yiatrissa, many related to healings. However, while it is clear that the name “Panayia” (Παναγία) may date back as far as the original temple’s conversion to Christianity (be it 382 or 980 AD), it is not clear when or why the name “Yiatrissa” (Γιάτρισσα) was first used.[3] There is a distinct possibility that the name was associated with the original Temple of Athena, as Athena is occasionally associated with the medical arts (yiatriki, ιατρική) as well as chastity and virginity (parthenos, παρθένος), making the combination of names “Panayia Yiatrissa” a natural transition for reference to the “Virgin Mary, Healer” (alternately “Our Lady the Healer”).","title":"Birth of Panayia Yiatrissa"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_18_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_circa_1905.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_19_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_circa_1950.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_1_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_-_Southern_View.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_2_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_-_Entrance_View.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_3_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_-_Internal_Entrance_View.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_4_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_-_Lower_Courtyard_Chapel.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_5_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_-_Lower_Courtyard.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_6_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_-_Lower_Courtyard_Dedication.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_7_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_-_Upper_Courtyard_Entrance_at_Night.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_8_-_by_Cindy_Rury_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_Upper_Courtyard_Bell_Tower.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_9_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_-_Iconostasis.png"},{"link_name":"iconostasis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconostasis"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_10_-_by_Cindy_Rury_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_Templon.png"},{"link_name":"Templon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templon"},{"link_name":"nave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nave"},{"link_name":"altar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altar"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_11_-_by_Cindy_Rury_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_Pantocrator.png"},{"link_name":"Christ Pantocrator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_Pantocrator"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_12_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_-_Wall_Iconography.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_13_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_-_Door_arch_adornment.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_14_-_by_Cindy_Rury_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_Main_Chapel_Doorway.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_15_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_-_Courtyard_fountain.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_16_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_-_Arched_Rampart_Sunset.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019-01-21_Photo_17_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_-_Eastern_Moonrise_Panorama.png"}],"text":"Panayia Yiatrissa feast day celebration - circa 1905 AD.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tPanayia Yiatrissa - circa 1950 AD.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tPanayia Yiatrissa southward view of modern monastery complex and parking areas (2011 AD).\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tEntrance to upper courtyard and main chapel of Panayia Yiatrissa.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe entrance walkway of Panayia Yiatrissa, looking outward.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tView of Chapel Entrance above Lower Courtyard of Panayia Yiatrissa.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tBroader view of Panayia Yiatrissa's lower courtyard, facing the Messinian Gulf.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSunset view across lower courtyard with memorial dedication, “Υελούσε Φώς” (“Her Laugh Radiated Light”) in foreground. From this spot, one can see sunrise and sunset.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tNight-time view from lower courtyard toward main chapel and upper courtyard entrance.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tUpper courtyard and bell tower of Panayia Yiatrissa, facing southeast toward the Laconian Gulf.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTraditional Panayia and Child iconostasis – one among a variety of types found inside the main chapel.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThis marble Templon with Byzantine-style icons separates the nave of Panayia Yiatrissa from the altar.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tView of Panayia Yiatrissa's “Christ Pantocrator” icon and arched ceiling/wall iconography of the main chapel.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tExample of iconography adorning the side walls and arched ceiling of Panayia Yiatrissa's main chapel.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tDoorway arch adornment recalling ancient nautical theme, at Panayia Yiatrissa's lower courtyard.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tDoor of Panayia Yiatrissa's main chapel, displaying Orthodox (Byzantine) double-headed eagle and serpents.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tRefreshing fountain flowing with mountain spring-water inside the walls of Panayia Yiatrissa.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tView along Panayia Yiatrissa's western, arch-adorned rampart at sunset.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tMoonrise panorama from Panayia Yiatrissa's southern rampart.","title":"Gallery"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Palamas, Kostis, Everything, 16th volume, \"The Doctor,\" [Yiatrissa] (in Greek), pp. 227–229, Biris Publications, Athens 1972.","title":"Further reading"}]
[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Regional map of Panayia Yiatrissa","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Monastery_Panayia_Yiatrissa%2C_its_location.svg/270px-Monastery_Panayia_Yiatrissa%2C_its_location.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Yiatrissa overlooking Kastania village. The pre-revolutionary Venetzanakis tower is at center, and historic Church of the Metamorphosis at far-right","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/2019-01-21_Photo_20_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_above_Kastania_Village.png/220px-2019-01-21_Photo_20_-_Panayia_Yiatrissa_above_Kastania_Village.png"}]
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[{"reference":"Sarantopoulou, Sofroniou (1955). History of the Monastery of Mount Taygetus, \"Panayia Yiatrissa\" (in Greek). Kalamata, Greece.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Salvation (1979). History and Aesthetics of the Holy Monastery \"Panayia Yiatrissa\" (in Greek). Kalamata, Greece.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Lagakou, Nelli (2010). Holy Monastery \"Panayia Yiatrissa,\" the Panayia of Taygetus (in Greek). Sparta, Greece.","urls":[]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Daily
Metro Daily
["1 See also","2 References","3 External links"]
First free Hong Kong news paper This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Metro Daily" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2021) Metro Daily都市日報Cover of Metro Daily on 2 June 2009TypeDaily free newspaperFormatTabloidOwner(s)蕭作利Founded15 April 2002 (2002-04-15)LanguageTraditional Chinese with news digest pages in Simplified Chinese and EnglishCeased publication18 December 2019 (2019-12-18)Circulation978,786 (2005)Websitehttp://www.metrohk.com.hk/ Metro Daily (traditional Chinese: 都市日報; simplified Chinese: 都市日报; Jyutping: dou1 si5 jat6 bou3) was the Hong Kong edition of Metro, which publishes free newspapers around the world with 25 editions in 16 countries in 14 languages. It was the first free newspaper in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong version was first launched on 15 April 2002; it is distributed for free in the racks located in 49 Mass Transit Railway (MTR) stations except the Airport Station. According to the Hong Kong Audit Bureau of Circulations in September 2002, the daily circulation of the newspaper was 302,197 copies, making it the third largest daily newspaper in Hong Kong. The paper is distributed from Monday to Friday (except for public holidays), by hand or from the newspaper stands in 49 MTR stations and 11 other key central locations, such as big shopping malls owned by MTR Corporation Limited like Paradise Mall, Telford Plaza, and Luk Yeung Galleria. Though around one tenth size of other newspapers printing local first-hand news reported by fresh journalists, its main news sources are actually the television, radio news, press releases and wired news. The paper is in Chinese in most parts, together with an English international section. Although the paper is a tabloid, i.e. a minute-sized newspaper giving the stories in a condensed form, it includes many sections, which make the paper very rich in contents. These sections include: local news (including one page written in Simplified Chinese); Chinese news; international news; finance; sports; entertainment; side stories; English news digest; editorial column; television program schedule; and film section. Readers can read the on-line edition of Metro all over the world by simply registering as users at its official site, and it is totally free. Besides, there is also a club called "Club Metro" offering discounts in films, sports and travel to its members. See also Headline Daily am730 Metro International Media in Hong Kong Newspapers of Hong Kong Free daily newspaper References ^ 【都市賣盤】黃浩：4億元賣都市日報 予香港金融公司 External links Official website vteNewspapers and news websites in Hong KongEnglishPrinted newspapers Career Times China Daily Hong Kong Edition Daily Press Eastern Express Hongkong Telegraph International Herald Tribune South China Morning Post Inkstone News The Sunday Morning Post The China Mail The Standard The Sunday Standard The Wall Street Journal Asia News websites Asia Times FactWire Hong Kong Free Press ChinesePrinted newspapers AM730 Apple Daily Sharp Daily Hong Kong Commercial Daily Hong Kong Economic Journal Hong Kong Economic Times Sky Post Metro Daily Ming Pao Oriental Daily News The Sun (Hong Kong) Sing Pao Daily News Sing Tao Daily Headline Daily Ta Kung Pao The Epoch Times The Kung Sheung Daily News Tin Tin Daily News Wah Kiu Yat Po Wen Wei Po News websites Citizen News Dot Dot News HK01 FactWire Hong Kong Inmedia Passion Times Stand News Vjmedia MiscReligious Sunday Examiner Kung Kao Po Christian Times UCA News Japanese Hong Kong Post Filipino Filipino Globe The SUN IndonesianSuaraNote: This list is not complete.
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"traditional Chinese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters"},{"link_name":"simplified Chinese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters"},{"link_name":"Jyutping","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyutping"},{"link_name":"Metro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_International"},{"link_name":"Mass Transit Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_Transit_Railway"},{"link_name":"MTR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTR"},{"link_name":"Hong Kong Audit Bureau of Circulations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Audit_Bureau_of_Circulations"},{"link_name":"MTR Corporation Limited","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTR_Corporation_Limited"},{"link_name":"Paradise Mall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Mall_(Hong_Kong)"},{"link_name":"Telford Plaza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telford_Plaza"},{"link_name":"Luk Yeung Galleria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luk_Yeung_Galleria"},{"link_name":"tabloid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)"},{"link_name":"Simplified Chinese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese"},{"link_name":"sports","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports"}],"text":"Metro Daily (traditional Chinese: 都市日報; simplified Chinese: 都市日报; Jyutping: dou1 si5 jat6 bou3) was the Hong Kong edition of Metro, which publishes free newspapers around the world with 25 editions in 16 countries in 14 languages. It was the first free newspaper in Hong Kong.The Hong Kong version was first launched on 15 April 2002; it is distributed for free in the racks located in 49 Mass Transit Railway (MTR) stations except the Airport Station.According to the Hong Kong Audit Bureau of Circulations in September 2002, the daily circulation of the newspaper was 302,197 copies, making it the third largest daily newspaper in Hong Kong. The paper is distributed from Monday to Friday (except for public holidays), by hand or from the newspaper stands in 49 MTR stations and 11 other key central locations, such as big shopping malls owned by MTR Corporation Limited like Paradise Mall, Telford Plaza, and Luk Yeung Galleria.Though around one tenth size of other newspapers printing local first-hand news reported by fresh journalists, its main news sources are actually the television, radio news, press releases and wired news.\nThe paper is in Chinese in most parts, together with an English international section. Although the paper is a tabloid, i.e. a minute-sized newspaper giving the stories in a condensed form, it includes many sections, which make the paper very rich in contents.\nThese sections include:local news (including one page written in Simplified Chinese);\nChinese news;\ninternational news;\nfinance;\nsports;\nentertainment;\nside stories;\nEnglish news digest;\neditorial column;\ntelevision program schedule; and\nfilm section.Readers can read the on-line edition of Metro all over the world by simply registering as users at its official site, and it is totally free. Besides, there is also a club called \"Club Metro\" offering discounts in films, sports and travel to its members.","title":"Metro Daily"}]
[]
[{"title":"Headline Daily","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headline_Daily"},{"title":"am730","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am730"},{"title":"Metro International","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_International"},{"title":"Media in Hong Kong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_Hong_Kong"},{"title":"Newspapers of Hong Kong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers_of_Hong_Kong"},{"title":"Free daily newspaper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_daily_newspaper"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Danish_Cup
2017–18 Danish Cup
["1 Structure","2 Participants","2.1 2017–18 Alka Superliga","2.2 2017–18 NordicBet Liga","2.3 2017–18 Danish 2nd Division","2.4 DBU Bornholm","2.5 DBU Funen","2.6 DBU Jutland","2.7 DBU Copenhagen","2.8 DBU Lolland-Falster","2.9 DBU Zealand","3 First round","3.1 West, Jutland","3.2 West, Funen/Jutland","3.3 East, Copenhagen/Bornholm","3.4 East, Zealand/Lolland/Falster","4 Second round","4.1 West","4.2 East","5 Third round","6 Fourth round","6.1 Bracket","7 Quarter-finals","8 Semi-finals","9 Final","10 References"]
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article is missing information about goal scorers. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (May 2017) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "2017–18 Danish Cup" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Football tournament season 2017–18 Danish CupDBU Pokalen (The DBU Cup)Tournament detailsCountryDenmarkTeams101Final positionsChampionsBrøndbyRunner-upSilkeborg IFUEFA Europa LeagueBrøndbyTournament statisticsMatches played101← 2016–172018–19 → The 2017–18 Danish Cup was the 64th season of the Danish Cup competition. Brøndby won the tournament, earning qualification into the third qualifying round of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League. Structure In the first round, there will be 87 teams. 55 coming from the qualifiers among series teams in season 2016–17 with DBU Bornholm (1 team), DBU Funen (8 teams), DBU Jutland (20 teams) DBU Copenhagen (8 teams), DBU Lolland-Falster (3 teams) and DBU Zealand (15 teams). 22 teams from the 2016–17 2nd Divisions and 8 teams from the 2016–17 1st Division. The last two teams are the bottom two from the 2016–17 Superliga. In the second round, there will be 52 teams. 43 of them are winners from the first round (plus one team who received a first-round bye) with 6 teams from the 2016–17 Superliga. The last teams are the top two from the 2016–17 1st Division. In the third round, there will be 32 teams. 26 are winners from the second round. The last teams are the top six from the 2016–17 Superliga. The remainder of the competition will be in a "knockout" format. Participants 101 teams will compete for the Danish Cup. All teams from the top three divisions in 2016–17 are automatically entered while lower division teams play qualifying matches to enter the competition. 2017–18 Alka Superliga Club Entered in Eliminated in Eliminated by AC Horsens 2nd Round 3rd Round Holbæk B&I AGF 2nd Round 3rd Round FC Fredericia Brøndby 3rd Round CHAMPION FC Helsingør 2nd Round 4th Round AaB F.C. Copenhagen 3rd Round 4th Round Brøndby IF FC Midtjylland 3rd Round Semi-Finals Brøndby IF FC Nordsjælland 3rd Round 4th Round Hobro IK Hobro IK 2nd Round Quarter-Finals FC Midtjylland Lyngby 3rd Round 4th Round Silkeborg IF OB 2nd Round 4th Round FC Midtjylland Randers FC 2nd Round Quarter-Finals Silkeborg IF Silkeborg 2nd Round Final Brøndby SønderjyskE 3rd Round Quarter-Finals Brøndby IF AaB 2nd Round Quarter-Finals FC Fredericia 2017–18 NordicBet Liga Club Entered in Eliminated in Eliminated by Brabrand IF 1st Round 2nd Round Vendsyssel FF Esbjerg fB 1st Round 1st Round FC Fredericia FC Fredericia 1st Round Semi-finals Silkeborg IF FC Roskilde 1st Round 1st Round Nykøbing FC Fremad Amager 1st Round 3rd Round OB HB Køge 1st Round 4th Round FC Fredericia Nykøbing FC 1st Round 2nd Round HB Køge Skive IK 1st Round 3rd Round F.C. Copenhagen Thisted FC 1st Round 1st Round Hedensted IF Vejle BK 1st Round 2nd Round Jammerbugt FC Vendsyssel FF 1st Round 3rd Round SønderjyskE Viborg FF 1st Round 2nd Round AaB Fodbold 2017–18 Danish 2nd Division Club 2017–18 League Entered in Eliminated in Eliminated by AB Group 1 1st Round 2nd Round Slagelse B&I BK Avarta Group 2 1st Round 1st Round Fremad Amager B93 Group 1 1st Round 2nd Round Ledøje-Smørum Brønshøj BK Group 1 1st Round 2nd Round Næstved BK Dalum IF Group 2 1st Round 2nd Round OB FC Sydvest 05 Group 3 1st Round 2nd Round Vejgaard B BK Frem Group 1 1st Round 1st Round Hvidøre IF Greve Group 2 1st Round 3rd Round FC Midtjylland HIK Group 2 1st Round 3rd Round Silkeborg IF Hvidovre IF Group 1 1st Round 3rd Round FC Helsingør Jammerbugt FC Group 3 1st Round 4th Round SønderjyskE Kjellerup IF Group 3 1st Round 2nd Round Silkeborg IF Kolding IF Group 2 1st Round 2nd Round Hobro IK BK Marienlyst Group 2 1st Round 1st Round Otterup B&IK Middelfart G&BK Group 2 1st Round 3rd Round AaB Næsby BK Group 2 1st Round 2nd Round VB 1968 Næstved BK Group 1 1st Round 3rd Round HB Køge Odder IGF Group 3 1st Round 1st Round Jammerbugt FC VSK Aarhus Group 3 1st Round 2nd Round AGF Aarhus Fremad Group 3 1st Round 2nd Round Hedensted IF DBU Bornholm Club 2017–18 League Entered in Eliminated in Eliminated by NB Bornholm Copenhagen Series 1st Round 1st Round Husum BK DBU Funen Club 2017–18 League Entered in Eliminated in Eliminated by Allesø GF Funen Series 1 1st Round 1st Round Vejle BK B1913 Denmark Series 1st Round 2nd Round Hvidovre IF Krarup/Espe SG&IF Albani Series 1st Round 1st Round Varde IF KRFK Funen Series 1 1st Round 1st Round Næsby BK Marstal/Rise Albani Series 1st Round 1st Round FC Sydvest Otterup B&IK Albani Series 1st Round 3rd Round Randers FC Tarup-Paarup IF Denmark Series 1st Round 1st Round Dalum IF Tåsinge fB Funen Series 1 1st Round 1st Round Kolding IF DBU Jutland Club 2017–18 League Entered in Eliminated in Eliminated by Agerbæk SF/Starup IF Jutland Series 1st Round 2nd Round Randers FC Birkelse IF Jutland Series 1 1st Round 1st Round Vejgaard B Bramming B Jutland Series 1 1st Round 1st Round Agerbæk/Starup Christiansbjerg IF Jutland Series 1 1st Round 1st Round Aabyhøj DGL 2000 Jutland Series 1st Round 1st Round Brabrand Egen UI Jutland Series 1 1st Round 1st Round Middelfart G&BK FC Sønderborg Denmark Series 1st Round 1st Round B1913 Hatting/Torsted Jutland Series 1st Round 1st Round RKG Hedensted IF Denmark Series 1st Round 3rd Round Lyngby Hirtshals BK Jutland Series 1 1st Round 1st Round Kjellerup IF Holstebro BK Denmark Series 1st Round 1st Round Aarhus Fremad Linde B Jutland Series 3 1st Round 1st Round VSK Aarhus Lystrup IF Denmark Series 1st Round 1st Round Vendsyssel FF Nørresundby FB Jutland Series 1st Round 2nd Round Skive IK RKG Jutland Series 1 1st Round 2nd Round FC Fredericia Silkeborg KFUM Jutland Series 1st Round 1st Round Viborg FF Varde IF Denmark Series 1st Round 2nd Round AC Horsens VRI Jutland Series 1 1st Round 1st Round Skive IK Vejgaard B Denmark Series 1st Round 3rd Round FC Nordsjælland Aabyhøj IF Jutland Series 1st Round 2nd Round Middelfart G&BK DBU Copenhagen Club 2017–18 League Entered in Eliminated in Eliminated by CSC Copenhagen Series 1 1st Round 1st Round Sunred Beach FC FC Græsrødderne Copenhagen Series 2 1st Round 1st Round Vanløse IF GVI Denmark Series 1st Round 1st Round Ledøje-Smørum Husum BK Copenhagen Series 1 1st Round 2nd Round FC Helsingør Kastrup BK Denmark Series 1st Round 1st Round AB Sunred Beach FC Copenhagen Series 1 1st Round 2nd Round Otterup B&IK Tårnby FF Copenhagen Series 1st Round 1st Round Brønshøj BK Vanløse IF Denmark Series 1st Round 2nd Round Fremad Amager DBU Lolland-Falster Club 2017–18 League Entered in Eliminated in Eliminated by Døllefjelde-Musse IF Zealand Series 1st Round 1st Round VB 1968 BK Frem Sakskøbing Lolland-Falster Series 1st Round 2nd Round Greve Fodbold Listrup U&IF Zealand Series 1st Round 1st Round Holbæk B&I DBU Zealand Club 2017–18 League Entered in Eliminated in Eliminated by B1973 Zealand Series 1 1st Round 1st Round Ballerup-Skovlunde BSF Denmark Series 1st Round 2nd Round Holbæk B&I Fredensborg BI Denmark Series 1st Round 2nd Round HIK Helsinge Fodbold Zealand Series 1 1st Round 1st Round HIK Herlufsholm GF Zealand Series 1st Round 1st Round HB Køge Herstedøster IC Zealand Series 1 1st Round 1st Round BK Frem Sakskøbing Holbæk B&I Denmark Series 1st Round 4th Round Randers FC KFUM Roskilde Denmark Series 1st Round 1st Round Slagelse B&I Ledøje-Smørum Denmark Series 1st Round 3rd Round Brøndby IF Ringsted IF Zealand Series 1st Round 1st Round Fredensborg BI Rishøj B Denmark Series 1st Round 1st Round Greve Slagelse B&I Denmark Series 1st Round 3rd Round Hobro IK VB 1968 Zealand Series 1 1st Round 3rd Round Jammerbugt FC Virum-Sorgenfri BK Denmark Series 1st Round 1st Round B93 Ølstykke FC Zealand Series 1 1st Round 1st Round Næstved BK First round In the tournament's first round, the teams are divided into a Western and Eastern pool. The Western Pool features 47 participating teams, divided into two pools, Funen/Jutland (22 teams) and Jutland (25 teams). The Eastern Pool consists of 40 teams divided into two pools, Zealand/Lolland/Falster (18 teams) and Copenhagen/Bornholm (22 teams). The draw was held on Monday, 26 June 2017 with matches played between 8 August and 10 August 2017. West, Jutland Christiansbjerg IF (6) v Aabyhøj IF (5) 8 August 2017 Christiansbjerg IF (6) 2–3 Aabyhøj IF (5) CIF Anlæg, Aarhus18:30 Farmer 5' MK Rasmussen 90' Report Kristoffersen 49' 48' (own goal) Larsen 53' Referee: Rasmus Nielsen Hirtshals BK (6) v Kjellerup IF (3) 8 August 2017 Hirtshals BK (6) 2–3 (aet) Kjellerup IF (3) Schlie Arena, Hirtshals18:30 Knudsen 10' N. Andersen 25' Report Lind 4', 8' Larsen 120' Referee: Michael Rasmussen Jammerbugt FC (3) v Odder IGF (3) 8 August 2017 Jammerbugt FC (3) 3–0 Odder IGF (3) Jetsmark Stadion, Pandrup18:30 Hyltoft 74' Ahlmann 75' D. Nielsen 86' Report Referee: Michael V. Jensen RKG (6) v Hatting/Torsted (5) 8 August 2017 RKG (6) 2–0 Hatting/Torsted (5) Klarup Stadion, Klarup18:30 T. Nielsen 72' Rasmussen 87' Report Referee: Patrick Remon Andersen DGL 2000 (5) v Brabrand IF (2) 9 August 2017 DGL 2000 (5) 0–3 Brabrand IF (2) TBD, Aarhus18:30 Report Ørbæk Knudsen 39' Kjeldsen 62' Linen 85' Referee: Henrik Overgaard Hedensted IF (4) v Thisted FC (2) 9 August 2017 Hedensted IF (4) 3–2 Thisted FC (2) HM Park, Hedensted18:30 Givskov 4' Mirsad Suljic 38', 90' Report Bust Sørensen 40' Lauritsen 70' Referee: Allan Staal Holstebro BK (4) v Aarhus Fremad (3) 9 August 2017 Holstebro BK (4) 0–3 Aarhus Fremad (3) Holstebro Idrætspark, Holstebro18:30 Report Lyskov 48' Brodersen 72' Diab 90' Referee: Dennis Mogensen Linde B (8) v VSK Aarhus (3) 9 August 2017 Linde B (8) 0–12 VSK Aarhus (3) Langhøjskolen, Struer18:30 Report Nygaard 2', 40' Torp 9', 82' Brodersen 11' Memory 17' Sloth Jørgensen 48', 70', 77' Høgh Jensen 80', 87', 89' Attendance: Patrick Remon Andersen Lystrup IF (4) v Vendsyssel FF (2) 9 August 2017 Lystrup IF (4) 0–3 Vendsyssel FF (2) Lystrup Idrætsanlæg, Lystrup18:30 Report Brandao 30' Moses 44' Ogude 90' Referee: Aydin Uslu Silkeborg KFUM (5) v Viborg FF (2) 9 August 2017 Silkeborg KFUM (5) 1–3 (aet) Viborg FF (2) TBD, Silkeborg18:30 Røjkjær 87' Report Beck Goldsmith 20', 114' Thychosen 94' Referee: Sandi Putros VRI (6) v Skive IK (2) 9 August 2017 VRI (6) 0–4 Skive IK (2) NES Park, Risskov18:30 Report Neighbors 14' Pedersen 18', 34' Andreas Kock 76' Referee: Chris Johansen Birkelse IF (6) v Vejgaard (4) 15 August 2017 Birkelse IF (6) 1–3 Vejgaard (4) Nordjyske Bank Arena, Birkelse18:30 Besic 72' Report Skjødt Andersen 17', 40', 61' Referee: Morten Bach Jepsen Nørresundby BK received a bye in the first round. West, Funen/Jutland Marstal/Rise (5) v FC Sydvest 05 (3) 8 August 2017 Marstal/Rise (5) 0–1 FC Sydvest 05 (3) Marstal Stadion, Marstal17:30 Report M. van Ittersum 67' Referee: Paw Johansen B1913 (4) v FC Sønderborg (4) 8 August 2017 B1913 (4) 4–1 (aet) FC Sønderborg (4) Campus Road, Odense18:30 R. Larsen 89', 115' Eling 108' Schousboe 118' Report Iversen 32' Referee: Allan Rørdahl Borgstrøm Bramming B (6) v Agerbaek SF/Starup IF (5) 8 August 2017 Bramming B (6) 0–5 Agerbaek SF/Starup IF (5) Skjern Bank Arena, Bramming18:30 Report Lauridsen 15' Poulsen 19' High Hansen 30' Lindberg Sørensen 30' 89', own goal' Referee: Brian Jessen Egen UI (6) v Middelfart G&BK (3) 8 August 2017 Egen UI (6) 2–4 Middelfart G&BK (3) Guderup Idrætsanlæg, Nordborg18:30 Schmidt Clausen 19' Truelsen 25' Report Johansen 41', 84' Brøsted Rasmussen 86' Zachariassen 90' Referee: Jonas Rossen Krarup/Espe SG&IF (5) v Varde IF (4) 8 August 2017 Krarup/Espe SG&IF (5) 3–4 Varde IF (4) Espe Hallen, Ringe18:30 Frandsen 33', 38' Schmidt Clausen 19' Report Møller Christiansen 3' Puggard 60' Lund 75' Backs 81' Referee: Thomas Isen KRFK (5) v Næsby BK (3) 8 August 2017 KRFK (5) 0–3 Næsby BK (3) Krogsbølle Stadion, Otterup18:30 Report Weber 12', 76 (pen)' Skovgaard Jensen 14 (pen)' Referee: Søren Stagaard Otterup B&IK (5) v BK Marienlyst (3) 8 August 2017 Otterup B&IK (5) 3–2 BK Marienlyst (3) Nordfyns Bank Arena, Otterup18:30 Chilvers 39' Davidsen 55' Tubæk 79' Report Svaneberg Hansen 7' Augustinus Hansen 26' Referee: Jonas Bøgelund Tåsinge BK (6) v Kolding IF (3) 8 August 2017 Tåsinge BK (6) 0–5 Kolding IF (3) SEF Energi Arena, Svendborg18:30 Report Ritting 12', 32', 83' Buhl Jensen 73' Jepsen 90' Referee: Midhat Sulejmanovic Allesø GF (6) v Vejle BK (2) 9 August 2017 Allesø GF (6) 0–3 Vejle BK (2) Spurvelundsskolen, Odense18:30 Report Madsen 10' Andreasen 45' Egholm 55' Referee: Allan Rørdahl Borgstrøm Tarup-Paarup IF (4) v Dalum IF (3) 9 August 2017 Tarup-Paarup IF (4) 1–2 Dalum IF (3) Tarup Home Park, Odense18:30 Kristensen 35 (pen.)' Høgstad 43' D. Jensen 50 (pen.)' Referee: Paw Johansen FC Fredericia (2) v Esbjerg fB (2) 9 August 2017 FC Fredericia (2) 4–0 Esbjerg fB (2) Monjasa Park, Fredericia18:30 Putros 5' Lopez 65' Letort 73', 90' Report Referee: Morten Krogh East, Copenhagen/Bornholm Husum BK (6) v NB Bornholm (5) 8 August 2017 Husum BK (6) 1–0 NB Bornholm (5) Husumparken, Brønshøj18:00 Frydensbjerg Petersen 10' Report Referee: Frederik Lysemose Hoffmann Virum-Sorgenfri BK (4) v B.93 (3) 8 August 2017 Virum-Sorgenfri BK (4) 3–6 B.93 (3) Virum Stadion, Virum18:15 Al-Bahadli 45' Youssef Mahmoud 49' Vraae 88' Report Olsen 19' Ali 24', 51' Roshani 32', 82' Berg Hansen 88' Referee: Frida Mia Klarlund Nielsen Hvidovre IF (3) v BK Frem (3) 8 August 2017 Hvidovre IF (3) 1–0 BK Frem (3) Kæmpernes Arena, Hvidovre18:30 Østberg Hansen 62' Report Referee: Anders Poulsen Kastrup BK (4) v AB (3) 8 August 2017 Kastrup BK (4) 1–4 AB (3) Røllikevej, Kastrup18:30 Christoffersen 26' Report Uth 24' Olsen 34' Nygaard Hansen 59' Jacob Lerche 73' Referee: Jakob A. Sundberg Ledøje-Smørum (4) v GVI (4) 8 August 2017 Ledøje-Smørum (4) 3–3 (aet) 4–3 on Penalties (a.e.t.) GVI (4) Ledøje Idrætscenter, Smørum18:30 Wulff 42' Rasmussen 107' Kjærsgaard 115' Report Christensen 25' Østgaard 94' Vibholm 109' Referee: Simon Rosenlund Tårnby FF (5) v Brønshøj BK (3) 8 August 2017 Tårnby FF (5) 1–2 Brønshøj BK (3) Vestamager Idrætsanlæg, Kastrup18:30 Andersen 31' Report Buch 3' Bechmann Timm 67' Referee: Casper Thorsøe Jr. FC Græsrødderne (7) v Vanløse IF (4) 8 August 2017 FC Græsrødderne (7) 2–3 Vanløse IF (4) Gentofte Stadion, Gentofte19:00 Udsen 42' Wozniacki 58' Hussein 32' O. Merling Hansen 37' Chistroffersen 82' Referee: Sebastian Friis Aagerup BK Avarta (3) v Fremad Amager (2) 9 August 2017 BK Avarta (3) 0–5 Fremad Amager (2) Espelundens Idrætsanlæg, Rødovre18:30 Report Nordstrand 24', 52', 56' 58', (own goal)' Engel 63' Referee: Kasper Madsen Helsinge Fodbold (6) v HIK (3) 9 August 2017 Helsinge Fodbold (6) 0–2 HIK (3) Helsinge Stadion, Helsinge18:30 Report Therkildsen 34' Long 75' Referee: Anders Skjødt Voergaard Sunred Beach FC (6) v CSC (6) 9 August 2017 Sunred Beach FC (6) 2–2 (aet) 4–2 on Penalties CSC (6) Ryparken Idrætsanlæg, Copenhagen19:30 Lyngby 24' Mikkelsen 119' Report Bertelsen 72 (pen)', 103 (pen)' Referee: Martin Køster BSF (5) v B1973 (6) 15 August 2017 BSF (5) 3–1 B1973 (6) Ballerup Idrætspark, Ballerup18:15 Tidemand 45', 69' Lynge Nielsen 87' Report Eriksen 6' Referee: Tinna Høj Christensen East, Zealand/Lolland/Falster Herstedøster IC (5) v BK Frem Sakskøbing (6) 8 August 2017 Herstedøster IC (5) 0–1 BK Frem Sakskøbing (6) Herstedøster Stadion, Albertslund18:30 Report Stryger 23' Referee: Nikolaj Mose Dreisig Hansen Listrup U&IF (5) v Holbæk B&I (4) 8 August 2017 Listrup U&IF (5) 0–5 Holbæk B&I (4) LUIF's anlæg, Nykøbing Falster18:30 Report Thomsen 17' Hjort 28' Halling 68' Sjørslev 71' Andrew Kakooza 90 (pen.)' Referee: Patrick Stenzel Rasmussen Ringsted IF (5) v Fredensborg BI (4) 8 August 2017 Ringsted IF (5) 0–1 Fredensborg BI (4) Ringsted Stadion, Ringsted18:30 Report Sørensen 24' Referee: Emil Martinussen Slagelse B&I (4) v KFUM Roskilde (4) 8 August 2017 Slagelse B&I (4) 3–0 KFUM Roskilde (4) Slagelse Stadion, Slagelse18:30 Hidiroglu 4', 45 (pen.)' P. Andersen 55' Report Referee: Benjamin Helm Svedborg VB1968 (6) v Døllefjelde Musse IF (6) 8 August 2017 VB1968 (6) 4–1 Døllefjelde Musse IF (6) Værebro Stadion, Bagsværd18:30 Saidi 7' Demirbas 18', 61' Dencker Jørgensen 82' (own goal) Report Dencker Jørgensen 86' Referee: Christian Hansen FC Roskilde (2) v Nykøbing FC (2) 9 August 2017 FC Roskilde (2) 0–1 Nykøbing FC (2) Roskilde Idrætspark, Roskilde18:30 Report Bonde Jensen 79' Referee: Benjamin Willaume-Jantzen Herlufsholm GF (5) v HB Køge (2) 9 August 2017 Herlufsholm GF (5) 0–5 HB Køge (2) Herlufsholm Stadion, Næstved18:30 Report Törnros 15', 29' Laustrup 63' Lassen 74' Mortensen 81' Referee: Jesper Nielsen Rishøj B (5) v Greve (3) 9 August 2017 Rishøj B (5) 0–6 Greve (3) Rishøj Stadion, Køge18:30 Report Tangvig Sørensen 28', 62' Frank 38' Dumic 64', 66 (pen.)' Petersen 81' Referee: Jonathan Nilton Ølstykke FC (6) v Næstved BK (3) 9 August 2017 Ølstykke FC (6) 1–3 Næstved BK (3) Ølstykke Stadion, Ølstykke18:30 Mathias Pointinger 19' Report Mourhrib 54', 87' Mertz 81 (pen.)' Referee: Peter Munch Larsen Second round For this round, the teams are divided into two equal groups, East and West. There were more West teams than East teams in the draw, so 5 Fynian teams were relocated to the East Pool – B1913, Dalum IF, OB, Næsby and Otterup. The draw was held on Friday, August 11, 2017 and was organized so that clubs in the 2017–18 Superliga can not play each other. West 29 August 201717:30 Agerbæk SF/Starup IF (5)2–7Randers FC (1) Jensen 60' Poulsen 72' Report Mølvadgaard 10' Djurdjic 21' Lobjanidze 26' Bruhn 44' Pourié 65' Agesen 77' Mame 79' Starup Stadion, GrindstedReferee: Jørgen Daugbjerg Burchardt 29 August 201717:30 Hedensted IF (4)1–0Aarhus Fremad (3) Suljic 17' (p) Report Hedensted Stadion, HedenstedReferee: Mads-Kristoffer Kristoffersen 29 August 201717:30 Jammerbugt FC (3)3–1Vejle BK (2) Steffensen 48' Rye 71' Nielsen 75' Report Sverrisson 43' Jetsmark Stadion, PandrupReferee: Mikkel Saves 29 August 201717:30 Vejgaard (4)4–3FC Sydvest 05 (3) Pedersen 39' A. Sloth-Kristensen 64' M. Sloth-Kristensen 76' Højgaard 90' Report Sørensen 3' Dum 58' Degn 70' Soffy Road, AalborgReferee: Michael Rasmussen 29 August 201717:30 Aabyhøj IF (5)3–4 (a.e.t.)Middelfart G&BK (3) Hoe 22' Hammershøj 30' Lose 51' Report Johansen 20', 34' Andreasen 90', 114' Aabyhøj Stadion, AabyhøjReferee: Esad Deronjic 29 August 201719:00 Kolding IF (3)0–1Hobro IK (1) Grønning 40' Autocentral Park, KoldingReferee: Jakob Kehlet 29 August 201719:00 VSK Aarhus (3)1–4AGF (1) Sivertsen 39' Report Bundu 8', 22' Sana 14' Torp 90 (p)' Ceres Park, AarhusReferee: Jens Maae 30 August 201717:30 Nørresundby FB (5)2–3Skive IK (2) Toft 84' (p) C.K. Jensen 90' Report Thomsen 49' Kock 61' Brandhof 83' Nordjyske Bank Arena, NørresundbyReferee: Aydini Uslu 30 August 201717:30 RKG (6)1–8FC Fredericia (2) Rasmussen 68' Report McGrath 3', 11' Petersen 8', 65' Putros 13' (p) Fazlagic 42' Lopez 62' Sørensen 66' Klarup Stadion, KlarupReferee: Michael V. Jensen 30 August 201717:30 Varde IF (4)3–5 (a.e.t.)AC Horsens (1) Holm 20' Jelstrup 88' Forst Jensen 90' Report Okosun 31', 64' Tshiembe 55' Jacobsen 97' Ludwig 100' Sydbank Stadion, VardeReferee: Morten Krogh 6 September 201719:00 Vendsyssel FF (2)1–0 (a.e.t.)Brabrand IF (2) Jensen 101' Report Bredbånd Nord Arena, HjørringReferee: Mikkel Redder 6 September 201719:30 Viborg FF (2)1–5 (a.e.t.)AaB (1) Kamper 7' Report Rolim 90' Pohl 97' Brønding 99' Safranko 105' Risgård 110' Energi Viborg Arena, ViborgAttendance: 2,515Referee: Dennis Mogensen 19 September 201716:30 Kjellerup IF (3)0–6Silkeborg IF (1) Report Møldrup Okkels 22' Vatsadze 30', 47' Skhirtladze 50' Nilsson 57', 67' JYSK Park, SilkeborgReferee: Mads-Kristoffer Kristoffersen East 29 August 201717:30 B1913 (4)1–3Hvidovre IF (3) Ahmed 1' Report Brandt Hansen 32' Aabech 36' Andreasen 89' Campus Road, OdenseReferee: Allan Rørdahl Borgstrøm 29 August 201717:30 BSF (5)1–5Holbæk B&I (3) Randrup 52' Report Bobjerg Larsen 23' Johansen 57' Halling 62', 88' Billeskov 74' Ballerup Idrætspark, BallerupReferee: Sebastian Friis Aagerup 29 August 201717:30 Dalum IF (3)0–1OB (1) Report Eskesen 89' Dalum Stadion OdenseReferee: Sandi Putros 29 August 201717:30 Frem Sakskøbing (6)0–9Greve (3) Report Jensen 25', 47' Tangvig Sørensen 28', 56', 90' Knudsen 71', 81' Dumic 77' Qvapp 84' Inges Auto Park, SakskøbingReferee: Patrick Stenzel Rasmussen 29 August 201717:30 Ledøje-Smørum (4)1–0B.93 (3) Report Madsen 75' Ledøje Idrætscenter, SmørumReferee: Tinna Høj Christensen 29 August 201717:30 VB 1968 (6)1–0Næsby BK (3) Report Own Goal 75' Skovbrynet Skole, BagsværdReferee: Christian Hansen 29 August 201718:30 Slagelse B&I (3)2–1 (a.e.t.)AB (3) Hidroglu 43' Jensen 98' (p) Report Nielsen 90' Slagelse Stadium, SlagelseReferee: Benjamin Helm Svedborg 30 August 201717:30 Vanløse IF (4)1–3Fremad Amager (2) Castelijns 90' (p) Report Kaagh 22' Vatnsdal 27' Abdalas 83' Vanløse Idrætspark, VanløseReferee: Benjamin Willaume-Jantzen 30 August 201719:00 Brønshøj BK (3)0–2Næstved BK (3) Report Moos 82' Munksgaard 86' Tingbjerg Idrætspark, BrønshøjReferee: Kasper Madsen 30 August 201719:00 HB Køge (2)4–3 (a.e.t.)Nykøbing FC (2) Lassen 17', 57' Rochester Sørensen 33' Bah 101' Report Koch 6' Holten 31', 58' Castus Park, HerfølgeReferee: Jesper Nielsen 30 August 201719:30 Sunred Beach (6)1–5Otterup B&IK (5) Larsen 90' Report Chilvers 20' Davidsen 30', 48' Villemoes 60' Tubæk 85' Ryparkens Idrætsanlæg, CopenhagenReferee: Mostafa Seyfi 5 September 201717:30 Fredensborg BI (4)1–2HIK (3) Göde 70' Report Own Goal 20' Hebo Rasumssen 10' (p) Fredensborg Stadion, FredensborgReferee: Martin Køster 5 September 201718:30 Husum BK (6)0–3FC Helsingør (1) Report Stückler 31' Kvist 87' Jorsensen 93' Tingbjerg Idrætspark, BrønshøjReferee: Benjamin Willaume-Jantzen Third round In the third round, the top six teams from the 2016-17 Danish Superliga will enter the competition, joining the 26 winners from the second round matches. The 32-team draw for the third round will also be organized so that clubs in the 2017–18 Superliga can not play each other. Third Round matches will be played between September 19–21, 2017. The draw was held on Monday, September 4, 2017. 19 September 201716:30 VB 1968 (6)0–3Jammerbugt FC (3) Report Own Goal 72' Hyltoft 84' Tved Hansen 93' Værebro Skole, BagsværdReferee: Jakob A. Sundberg 20 September 201716:30 Næstved BK (3)1–3HB Køge (2) Schnack Mertz 21' (p) Report Nick Lassen 24' Hassan Ahmed 68' Haüser 85' Euro Outlets Stadium, NæstvedReferee: Jesper Nielsen 20 September 201716:30 Greve Fodbold (3)0–7FC Midtjylland (1) Report Novak 14' Onuachu 26', 61', 65', 72' Munksgaard Nielsen 74' Dal Hende 77' Greve Idrætscenter, GreveReferee: Jakob Kehlet 20 September 201716:30 Hedensted IF (4)1–3Lyngby BK (1) Kahr Christensen 28' Report Rygaard Jensen 15' Knudsen Larsen 23' Borild Kjær 33' Hedensted Stadion, HedenstedReferee: Jens Grabski Maae 20 September 201716:30 Middelfart G&BK (3)0–2AaB (1) Report Børsting 27', 40' Middelfart Stadium, MiddlefartAttendance: 1,121Referee: Jørgen Daugbjerg Burchardt 20 September 201716:30 Otterup B&IK (4)0–2Randers FC (1) Report Pourie 41' Mølvadgaard 50' Nordfyns Bank Arena, OtterupReferee: Morten Krogh 20 September 201718:15 Skive IK (2)0–3F.C. Copenhagen (1) Report Holse 6', 36' Kusk 68' SPAR Nord Arena, SkiveAttendance: 2,364Referee: Michael Tykgaard 20 September 201719:00 Holbæk B&I (4)1–0AC Horsens (1) Lauritz Adamsen 58' Report SuRi Park, HolbækReferee: Sandi Putros 20 September 201719:00 Hvidovre IF (3)0–0 (3–4 p)FC Helsingør (1) Report Hvidovre Stadion, HvidovreReferee: Benjamin Willaume-Jantzen 20 September 201719:00 Slagelse B&I (4)1–5Hobro IK (1) Rygaard 48' Report Amankwah 3' Grønning 42', 60', 73' Olsen 86' Slagelse Stadium, SlagelseReferee: Peter Munch Larsen 20 September 201720:30 Ledøje-Smørum (4)1–5Brøndby IF (1) Scott Rasmussen 30' Report Vigen Christensen 33', 86' Halimi 57' Wilczek 71' Own Goal 79' Brøndby Stadium, BrøndbyReferee: Anders Poulsen 21 September 201718:15 BK Fremad Amager (2)2–3Odense BK (1) Morten Nordstrand 44'Anders Kaagh 85' Report 1 Nicklas Helenius 9'Mathias Greve 59'Jens Jakob Thomasen 86' Sundby Idrætspark, CopenhagenAttendance: 1.856Referee: Mads-Kristoffer Kristoffersen 21 September 201720:30 FC Fredericia (2)1–0AGF (1) McGrath 69' Report Monjasa Park, FredericiaReferee: Dennis Mogensen 27 September 201716:15 Vejgaard (4)0–4FC Nordsjælland (1) Report Skov Olsen 10' Rasmussen 59', 65' Fellah 65' Soffy Road, AalborgReferee: Dennis Mogensen 27 September 201717:30 Vendsyssel FF (2)1–2SønderjyskE (1) Ifeanyi Ogude 28' Report Kløve 9', 50' Nord Energy Arena, HjørringReferee: Jakob Kehlet 11 October 201718:45 HIK (3)2–2 (aet) 3–4 on PenaltiesSilkeborg IF (1) Kiel Smed 86' Lange 99' Report Marin Gammelby 76' Gertsen 120' Gentofte Stadion, GentofteReferee: Peter Munch Larsen Fourth round The 16 winners from the third round will compete in matches to be played between October 24–26, 2017. 25 October 201718:00 OB (1)0–3FC Midtjylland (1) Report Duelund 36' Sørloth 54' Kraev 87' EWII Park, OdenseReferee: Mads-Kristoffer Kristoffersen 25 October 201719:00 FC Fredericia (2)2–0HB Køge (2) McGrath 47' Sølvsten Holvad 60' Report Monjasa Park, FredericiaReferee: Chris Johansen 26 October 201719:00 Holbæk B&I (4)1–4Randers FC (1) Billeskov 70 (pen.)' Report Mølvadgaard 2' Lobzhanidze 25' Pourié 72', 75' SuRi Park, HolbækReferee: Anders Poulsen 2 November 201719:00 Hobro IK (1)1–1 (a.e.t.)FC Nordsjælland (1) Grønning 14' Report Marcondes 49' Penalties 4–3 DS Arena, HobroAttendance: 1,013 28 November 201715:00 Jammerbugt FC (3)1–4SønderjyskE (1) Steffensen 83' Report Ekani 13' Luijckx 24' Zinckernagel 33' Gartenmann 90' Jetsmark Stadion, PandrupReferee: Jakob Kehlet 6 December 201718:00 AaB (1)2–1FC Helsingør (1) Rolin 90' Flores 92' Report Okore 20' (o.g.) Aalborg Portland Park, AalborgReferee: Jakob Kehlet 6 December 201718:00 Silkeborg IF (1)3–1 (a.e.t.)Lyngby BK (1) Skhirtladze 58' Nielsen 92' Petersen 102' Report Ørnskov 88' UkendtReferee: Michael Tykgaard 4 February 201812:30 F.C. Copenhagen (1)0–1Brøndby IF (1) Report Wilczek 33' Parken Stadium, Copenhagen Bracket  Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal            4 April – Randers  Randers FC1 25 April – Fredericia Silkeborg IF3  FC Fredericia0 5 April – Haderslev Silkeborg IF1  SønderjyskE0 10 May – Copenhagen Brøndby IF1  Brøndby IF3 11 April – Fredericia Silkeborg IF1  FC Fredericia3 26 April – Brøndby AaB1  Brøndby IF3 12 April – Hobro FC Midtjylland1  Hobro IK1  FC Midtjylland2   Quarter-finals Quarter-final matches were played between 4–12 April 2018. 4 April 201812:00 Randers FC (1)1–3 (a.e.t.)Silkeborg IF (1) Markkanen 10' Report Mattsson 41' Gertsen 107' Rochester Sørensen 117' BioNutria ParkRandersAttendance: 2,292Referee: Jens Maae 5 April 201812:30 SønderjyskE (1)0–1 (a.e.t.)Brøndby IF (1) Report Nørgaard 118' Sydbank Park,HaderslevAttendance: 5,048Referee: Peter Kjærsgaard-Andersen 11 April 201812:00 FC Fredericia (2)3–1AaB (1) Høegh 15', 45' Fazlagic 45' Report Børsting 59' Monjasa Park, FredericiaAttendance: 2,466Referee: Jens Maae 12 April 201812:30 Hobro IK (1)1–2 (a.e.t.)FC Midtjylland (1) Mikkelsen 109' Report Kraev 98', 112' DS Arena, HobroAttendance: 1,382Referee: Mads-Kristoffer Kristoffersen Semi-finals The two semifinal matches will be played between 24–26 April 2018. 25 April 201817:30 FC Fredericia (2)0–1Silkeborg IF (1) Report Fredsted 50' (o.g.) Monjasa Park, FredericiaAttendance: 4,799Referee: Jens Maae 26 April 201818:30 Brøndby IF (1)3–1FC Midtjylland (1) Wilczek 1', 65' Pukki 15' Report Wikheim 48' Brøndby StadiumBrøndbyAttendance: 14,794Referee: Mads-Kristoffer Kristoffersen Final Main article: 2018 Danish Cup final 10 May 201812:00 Brøndby IF (1)3–1Silkeborg IF (1) Röcker 35'Wilczek 41', 91' Report Skhirtladze 33' Parken Stadium, CopenhagenAttendance: 31,027Referee: Anders Poulsen References ^ "Pokal 2017–18 Deltagere". www.Haslund.info. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017. ^ "DBU Cup: Roskilde against Nykøbing in 1st Round". Danish Football Association. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2017. ^ "DBU Cup: Who Meets Who?". Danish Football Association. Archived from the original on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2017. ^ "FCK Meets Skive in the DBU Cup's 3rd Round". Archived from the original on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-12. vteDanish CupSeasons 1954–55 1955–56 1956–57 1957–58 1958–59 1959–60 1960–61 1961–62 1962–63 1963–64 1964–65 1965–66 1966–67 1967–68 1968–69 1969–70 1970–71 1971–72 1972–73 1973–74 1974–75 1975–76 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1981–82 1982–83 1983–84 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1987–88 1988–89 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96 1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2020–21 2021–22 2022–23 2023–24 Qualifying rounds 1954–55 1955–56 1956–57 1957–58 1958–59 1959–60 1960–61 1961–62 1962–63 1963–64 1964–65 1965–66 1966–67 1967–68 1968–69 1969–70 1970–71 1971–72 1972–73 1973–74 1974–75 1975–76 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1981–82 1982–83 1983–84 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1987–88 1988–89 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96 1996–97 1997–98 1998–99 1999–2000 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11 2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2020–21 2021–22 2022–23 2023–24 Finals 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 vte2017–18 in Danish football « 2016–17 2018–19 » Domestic leagues Superliga 1st Division 2nd Divisions Denmark Series Elitedivisionen Domestic cups Danish Cup Final European competitions Champions League Men Women Europa League Related to the national team 2018 FIFA World Cup Qualifying Group E Group C Club seasonsSuperliga AaB AGF Brøndby København Helsingør Hobro Horsens Midtjylland Nordsjælland Lyngby BK OB Randers Silkeborg IF SønderjyskE Summer transfers Winter transfers vte2017–18 in European men's football (UEFA)Domestic leagues Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus '17 '18 Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark England Estonia '17 '18 Faroe Islands '17 '18 Finland '17 '18 France Georgia '17 '18 Germany Gibraltar Greece Hungary Iceland '17 '18 Israel Italy Kazakhstan '17 '18 Kosovo Latvia '17 '18 Lithuania '17 '18 Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova '17 '18 Montenegro Netherlands Northern Ireland Norway '17 '18 Poland Portugal Republic of Ireland '17 '18 Romania Russia San Marino Scotland Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden '17 '18 Switzerland Turkey Ukraine Wales Domestic cups Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark England Estonia Faroe Islands '17 '18 Finland France Georgia '17 '18 Germany Gibraltar Greece Hungary Iceland '17 '18 Israel Italy Kazakhstan '17 '18 Kosovo Latvia '17 '18 Liechtenstein Lithuania '17 '18 Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Montenegro Netherlands Northern Ireland Norway '17 '18 Poland Portugal Republic of Ireland '17 '18 Romania Russia San Marino Scotland Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine Wales League cups England France Iceland '17 '18 Israel Latvia Northern Ireland Portugal Republic of Ireland '17 '18 Scotland Wales Supercups Albania Andorra Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic & Slovakia England Estonia '17 '18 Faroe Islands France Georgia '17 '18 Germany Gibraltar Hungary Iceland Israel Italy Kazakhstan Lithuania '17 '18 Malta Moldova Netherlands Northern Ireland Norway '17 '18 Poland Portugal Republic of Ireland '17 '18 Romania Russia San Marino Spain Turkey Ukraine UEFA competitions Champions League qualifying phase and play-off round group stage knockout phase Final Europa League qualifying phase and play-off round group stage knockout phase Final Super Cup Youth League UEFA Champions League Path Domestic Champions Path knockout phase International competitions 2018 FIFA World Cup UEFA qualification 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup 2019 Euro Under-21 qualification 2018 Euro Under-19 qualification 2018 Euro Under-17 qualification
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Danish Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Cup"},{"link_name":"Brøndby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8ndby_IF"},{"link_name":"2018–19 UEFA Europa League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_UEFA_Europa_League"}],"text":"Football tournament seasonThe 2017–18 Danish Cup was the 64th season of the Danish Cup competition. Brøndby won the tournament, earning qualification into the third qualifying round of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League.","title":"2017–18 Danish Cup"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"DBU Bornholm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBU_Bornholm"},{"link_name":"DBU Funen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funen_Series"},{"link_name":"DBU Jutland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBU_Jutland"},{"link_name":"DBU Copenhagen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBU_Copenhagen"},{"link_name":"DBU Lolland-Falster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Football_Association"},{"link_name":"DBU Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zealand_Series"},{"link_name":"2016–17 2nd Divisions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016-17_Danish_2nd_Divisions"},{"link_name":"2016–17 1st Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016-17_Danish_1st_Division"},{"link_name":"2016–17 Superliga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016-17_Danish_Superliga"},{"link_name":"2016–17 Superliga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Danish_Superliga"},{"link_name":"2016–17 1st Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016-17_Danish_1st_Division"},{"link_name":"2016–17 Superliga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016-17_Danish_Superliga"}],"text":"In the first round, there will be 87 teams. 55 coming from the qualifiers among series teams in season 2016–17 with DBU Bornholm (1 team), DBU Funen (8 teams), DBU Jutland (20 teams) DBU Copenhagen (8 teams), DBU Lolland-Falster (3 teams) and DBU Zealand (15 teams). 22 teams from the 2016–17 2nd Divisions and 8 teams from the 2016–17 1st Division. The last two teams are the bottom two from the 2016–17 Superliga.In the second round, there will be 52 teams. 43 of them are winners from the first round (plus one team who received a first-round bye) with 6 teams from the 2016–17 Superliga. The last teams are the top two from the 2016–17 1st Division.In the third round, there will be 32 teams. 26 are winners from the second round. The last teams are the top six from the 2016–17 Superliga.The remainder of the competition will be in a \"knockout\" format.","title":"Structure"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Danish Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBU_Pokalen"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"101 teams will compete for the Danish Cup. All teams from the top three divisions in 2016–17 are automatically entered while lower division teams play qualifying matches to enter the competition.[1]","title":"Participants"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"2017–18 Alka Superliga","title":"Participants"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"2017–18 NordicBet Liga","title":"Participants"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"2017–18 Danish 2nd Division","title":"Participants"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"DBU Bornholm","title":"Participants"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"DBU Funen","title":"Participants"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"DBU Jutland","title":"Participants"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"DBU Copenhagen","title":"Participants"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"DBU Lolland-Falster","title":"Participants"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"DBU Zealand","title":"Participants"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"In the tournament's first round, the teams are divided into a Western and Eastern pool. The Western Pool features 47 participating teams, divided into two pools, Funen/Jutland (22 teams) and Jutland (25 teams). The Eastern Pool consists of 40 teams divided into two pools, Zealand/Lolland/Falster (18 teams) and Copenhagen/Bornholm (22 teams).The draw was held on Monday, 26 June 2017 with matches played between 8 August and 10 August 2017.[2]","title":"First round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Aabyhøj IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aabyh%C3%B8j_IF"},{"link_name":"Aabyhøj IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aabyh%C3%B8j_IF"},{"link_name":"Aarhus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhus"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997495&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Kjellerup IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjellerup_IF"},{"link_name":"(aet)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_time"},{"link_name":"Kjellerup IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjellerup_IF"},{"link_name":"Hirtshals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirtshals"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997513&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Jammerbugt FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammerbugt_FC"},{"link_name":"Odder IGF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odder_IGF"},{"link_name":"Jammerbugt FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammerbugt_FC"},{"link_name":"Odder IGF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odder_IGF"},{"link_name":"Jetsmark Stadion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jetsmark_Stadion&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Pandrup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandrup"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997514&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Hatting/Torsted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatting/Torsted_IF"},{"link_name":"Hatting/Torsted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatting/Torsted_IF"},{"link_name":"Klarup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klarup"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997517&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Brabrand IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brabrand_IF"},{"link_name":"Brabrand IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brabrand_IF"},{"link_name":"Aarhus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhus"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997496&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Hedensted IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedensted_IF"},{"link_name":"Thisted FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thisted_FC"},{"link_name":"Hedensted IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedensted_IF"},{"link_name":"Thisted FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thisted_FC"},{"link_name":"Hedensted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedensted"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997516&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Holstebro BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holstebro_BK"},{"link_name":"Aarhus Fremad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhus_Fremad"},{"link_name":"Holstebro BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holstebro_BK"},{"link_name":"Aarhus Fremad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhus_Fremad"},{"link_name":"Holstebro Idrætspark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holstebro_Idr%C3%A6tspark"},{"link_name":"Holstebro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holstebro"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997515&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"VSK Aarhus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSK_Aarhus"},{"link_name":"VSK Aarhus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSK_Aarhus"},{"link_name":"Struer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struer,_Denmark"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997501&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Lystrup IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lystrup_IF"},{"link_name":"Vendsyssel FF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendsyssel_FF"},{"link_name":"Lystrup IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lystrup_IF"},{"link_name":"Vendsyssel FF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendsyssel_FF"},{"link_name":"Lystrup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lystrup"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997490&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Silkeborg KFUM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silkeborg_KFUM"},{"link_name":"Viborg FF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viborg_FF"},{"link_name":"Silkeborg KFUM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silkeborg_KFUM"},{"link_name":"(aet)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_time"},{"link_name":"Viborg FF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viborg_FF"},{"link_name":"Silkeborg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silkeborg"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997493&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"VRI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejlby-Risskov_Idr%C3%A6tsklub"},{"link_name":"Skive IK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skive_IK"},{"link_name":"VRI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejlby-Risskov_Idr%C3%A6tsklub"},{"link_name":"Skive IK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skive_IK"},{"link_name":"Risskov","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risskov"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997510&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Vejgaard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejgaard_BK"},{"link_name":"Vejgaard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejgaard_BK"},{"link_name":"Birkelse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkelse"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997512&poolid=259763"}],"sub_title":"West, Jutland","text":"Christiansbjerg IF (6) v Aabyhøj IF (5)\n8 August 2017 Christiansbjerg IF (6) 2–3 Aabyhøj IF (5) CIF Anlæg, Aarhus18:30\nFarmer 5' MK Rasmussen 90'\nReport\nKristoffersen 49' 48' (own goal) Larsen 53'\nReferee: Rasmus NielsenHirtshals BK (6) v Kjellerup IF (3)\n8 August 2017 Hirtshals BK (6) 2–3 (aet) Kjellerup IF (3) Schlie Arena, Hirtshals18:30\nKnudsen 10' N. Andersen 25'\nReport\nLind 4', 8' Larsen 120'\nReferee: Michael RasmussenJammerbugt FC (3) v Odder IGF (3)\n8 August 2017 Jammerbugt FC (3) 3–0 Odder IGF (3) Jetsmark Stadion, Pandrup18:30\nHyltoft 74' Ahlmann 75' D. Nielsen 86'\nReport\n\nReferee: Michael V. JensenRKG (6) v Hatting/Torsted (5)\n8 August 2017 RKG (6) 2–0 Hatting/Torsted (5) Klarup Stadion, Klarup18:30\nT. Nielsen 72' Rasmussen 87'\nReport\n\nReferee: Patrick Remon AndersenDGL 2000 (5) v Brabrand IF (2)\n9 August 2017 DGL 2000 (5) 0–3 Brabrand IF (2) TBD, Aarhus18:30\n\nReport\nØrbæk Knudsen 39' Kjeldsen 62' Linen 85'\nReferee: Henrik OvergaardHedensted IF (4) v Thisted FC (2)\n9 August 2017 Hedensted IF (4) 3–2 Thisted FC (2) HM Park, Hedensted18:30\nGivskov 4' Mirsad Suljic 38', 90'\nReport\nBust Sørensen 40' Lauritsen 70'\nReferee: Allan StaalHolstebro BK (4) v Aarhus Fremad (3)\n9 August 2017 Holstebro BK (4) 0–3 Aarhus Fremad (3) Holstebro Idrætspark, Holstebro18:30\n\nReport\nLyskov 48' Brodersen 72' Diab 90'\nReferee: Dennis MogensenLinde B (8) v VSK Aarhus (3)\n9 August 2017 Linde B (8) 0–12 VSK Aarhus (3) Langhøjskolen, Struer18:30\n\nReport\nNygaard 2', 40' Torp 9', 82' Brodersen 11' Memory 17' Sloth Jørgensen 48', 70', 77' Høgh Jensen 80', 87', 89'\nAttendance: Patrick Remon AndersenLystrup IF (4) v Vendsyssel FF (2)\n9 August 2017 Lystrup IF (4) 0–3 Vendsyssel FF (2) Lystrup Idrætsanlæg, Lystrup18:30\n\nReport\nBrandao 30' Moses 44' Ogude 90'\nReferee: Aydin UsluSilkeborg KFUM (5) v Viborg FF (2)\n9 August 2017 Silkeborg KFUM (5) 1–3 (aet) Viborg FF (2) TBD, Silkeborg18:30\nRøjkjær 87'\nReport\nBeck Goldsmith 20', 114' Thychosen 94'\nReferee: Sandi PutrosVRI (6) v Skive IK (2)\n9 August 2017 VRI (6) 0–4 Skive IK (2) NES Park, Risskov18:30\n\nReport\nNeighbors 14' Pedersen 18', 34' Andreas Kock 76'\nReferee: Chris JohansenBirkelse IF (6) v Vejgaard (4)\n15 August 2017 Birkelse IF (6) 1–3 Vejgaard (4) Nordjyske Bank Arena, Birkelse18:30\nBesic 72'\nReport\nSkjødt Andersen 17', 40', 61'\nReferee: Morten Bach JepsenNørresundby BK received a bye in the first round.","title":"First round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"FC Sydvest 05","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Sydvest_05"},{"link_name":"FC Sydvest 05","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Sydvest_05"},{"link_name":"Marstal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marstal"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997477&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"B1913","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldklubben_1913"},{"link_name":"FC Sønderborg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_S%C3%B8nderborg"},{"link_name":"B1913","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldklubben_1913"},{"link_name":"(aet)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_time"},{"link_name":"FC Sønderborg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_S%C3%B8nderborg"},{"link_name":"Odense","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odense"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997476&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Bramming","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bramming"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=673797&poolid=238484--"},{"link_name":"Middelfart G&BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelfart_G%26BK"},{"link_name":"Middelfart G&BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelfart_G%26BK"},{"link_name":"Nordborg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordborg"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997474&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Varde IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varde_IF"},{"link_name":"Varde IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varde_IF"},{"link_name":"Ringe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringe,_Denmark"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997475&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Næsby BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6sby_BK"},{"link_name":"Næsby BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6sby_BK"},{"link_name":"Otterup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otterup"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997481&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"(pen)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"(pen)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Otterup B&IK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otterup_B%26IK"},{"link_name":"BK Marienlyst","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BK_Marienlyst"},{"link_name":"Otterup B&IK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otterup_B%26IK"},{"link_name":"BK Marienlyst","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BK_Marienlyst"},{"link_name":"Otterup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otterup"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997473&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Kolding IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolding_IF"},{"link_name":"Kolding IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolding_IF"},{"link_name":"Svendborg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svendborg"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997478&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Vejle BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejle_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"Vejle BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejle_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"Odense","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odense"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997484&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Tarup-Paarup IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarup-Paarup_IF"},{"link_name":"Dalum IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalum_IF"},{"link_name":"Tarup-Paarup IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarup-Paarup_IF"},{"link_name":"Dalum IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalum_IF"},{"link_name":"Odense","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odense"},{"link_name":"(pen.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"(pen.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"FC Fredericia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Fredericia"},{"link_name":"Esbjerg fB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esbjerg_fB"},{"link_name":"FC Fredericia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Fredericia"},{"link_name":"Esbjerg fB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esbjerg_fB"},{"link_name":"Monjasa Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monjasa_Park"},{"link_name":"Fredericia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredericia"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997488&poolid=259763"}],"sub_title":"West, Funen/Jutland","text":"Marstal/Rise (5) v FC Sydvest 05 (3)\n8 August 2017 Marstal/Rise (5) 0–1 FC Sydvest 05 (3) Marstal Stadion, Marstal17:30\n\nReport\nM. van Ittersum 67'\nReferee: Paw JohansenB1913 (4) v FC Sønderborg (4)\n8 August 2017 B1913 (4) 4–1 (aet) FC Sønderborg (4) Campus Road, Odense18:30\nR. Larsen 89', 115' Eling 108' Schousboe 118'\nReport\nIversen 32'\nReferee: Allan Rørdahl BorgstrømBramming B (6) v Agerbaek SF/Starup IF (5)\n8 August 2017 Bramming B (6) 0–5 Agerbaek SF/Starup IF (5) Skjern Bank Arena, Bramming18:30\n\nReport\nLauridsen 15' Poulsen 19' High Hansen 30' Lindberg Sørensen 30' 89', own goal'\nReferee: Brian JessenEgen UI (6) v Middelfart G&BK (3)\n8 August 2017 Egen UI (6) 2–4 Middelfart G&BK (3) Guderup Idrætsanlæg, Nordborg18:30\nSchmidt Clausen 19' Truelsen 25'\nReport\nJohansen 41', 84' Brøsted Rasmussen 86' Zachariassen 90'\nReferee: Jonas RossenKrarup/Espe SG&IF (5) v Varde IF (4)\n8 August 2017 Krarup/Espe SG&IF (5) 3–4 Varde IF (4) Espe Hallen, Ringe18:30\nFrandsen 33', 38' Schmidt Clausen 19'\nReport\nMøller Christiansen 3' Puggard 60' Lund 75' Backs 81'\nReferee: Thomas IsenKRFK (5) v Næsby BK (3)\n8 August 2017 KRFK (5) 0–3 Næsby BK (3) Krogsbølle Stadion, Otterup18:30\n\nReport\nWeber 12', 76 (pen)' Skovgaard Jensen 14 (pen)'\nReferee: Søren StagaardOtterup B&IK (5) v BK Marienlyst (3)\n8 August 2017 Otterup B&IK (5) 3–2 BK Marienlyst (3) Nordfyns Bank Arena, Otterup18:30\nChilvers 39' Davidsen 55' Tubæk 79'\nReport\nSvaneberg Hansen 7' Augustinus Hansen 26'\nReferee: Jonas BøgelundTåsinge BK (6) v Kolding IF (3)\n8 August 2017 Tåsinge BK (6) 0–5 Kolding IF (3) SEF Energi Arena, Svendborg18:30\n\nReport\nRitting 12', 32', 83' Buhl Jensen 73' Jepsen 90'\nReferee: Midhat SulejmanovicAllesø GF (6) v Vejle BK (2)\n9 August 2017 Allesø GF (6) 0–3 Vejle BK (2) Spurvelundsskolen, Odense18:30\n\nReport\nMadsen 10' Andreasen 45' Egholm 55'\nReferee: Allan Rørdahl BorgstrømTarup-Paarup IF (4) v Dalum IF (3)\n9 August 2017 Tarup-Paarup IF (4) 1–2 Dalum IF (3) Tarup Home Park, Odense18:30\nKristensen 35 (pen.)'\n\nHøgstad 43' D. Jensen 50 (pen.)'\nReferee: Paw JohansenFC Fredericia (2) v Esbjerg fB (2)\n9 August 2017 FC Fredericia (2) 4–0 Esbjerg fB (2) Monjasa Park, Fredericia18:30\nPutros 5' Lopez 65' Letort 73', 90'\nReport\n\nReferee: Morten Krogh","title":"First round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"NB Bornholm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NB_Bornholm"},{"link_name":"NB Bornholm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NB_Bornholm"},{"link_name":"Brønshøj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8nsh%C3%B8j"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340657&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"B.93","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldklubben_af_1893"},{"link_name":"B.93","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldklubben_af_1893"},{"link_name":"Virum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virum"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340655&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Hvidovre IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvidovre_IF"},{"link_name":"BK Frem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BK_Frem"},{"link_name":"Hvidovre IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvidovre_IF"},{"link_name":"BK Frem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BK_Frem"},{"link_name":"Hvidovre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvidovre"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997519&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Kastrup BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastrup_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"AB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademisk_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"Kastrup BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastrup_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"AB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademisk_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"Kastrup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastrup"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340652&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Ledøje-Smørum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Led%C3%B8je-Sm%C3%B8rum_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"GVI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentofte-Vangede_Idr%C3%A6tsforening"},{"link_name":"Ledøje-Smørum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Led%C3%B8je-Sm%C3%B8rum_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"(aet)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_time"},{"link_name":"Penalties","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_shootout_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"a.e.t.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtime_(sports)#Association_football"},{"link_name":"GVI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentofte-Vangede_Idr%C3%A6tsforening"},{"link_name":"Smørum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sm%C3%B8rum&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=997520&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Tårnby FF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5rnby_FF"},{"link_name":"Brønshøj BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8nsh%C3%B8j_BK"},{"link_name":"Tårnby FF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5rnby_FF"},{"link_name":"Brønshøj BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8nsh%C3%B8j_BK"},{"link_name":"Kastrup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastrup"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340654&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Vanløse IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanl%C3%B8se_IF"},{"link_name":"Vanløse IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanl%C3%B8se_IF"},{"link_name":"Gentofte Stadion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentofte_Stadion"},{"link_name":"Gentofte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentofte"},{"link_name":"BK Avarta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BK_Avarta"},{"link_name":"Fremad Amager","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremad_Amager"},{"link_name":"BK Avarta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BK_Avarta"},{"link_name":"Fremad Amager","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremad_Amager"},{"link_name":"Rødovre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B8dovre"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340659&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"HIK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellerup_IK"},{"link_name":"HIK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellerup_IK"},{"link_name":"Helsinge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinge"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340656&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"(aet)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_time"},{"link_name":"Penalties","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_shootout_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Copenhagen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340653&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"(pen)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"(pen)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"BSF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballerup-Skovlunde_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"BSF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballerup-Skovlunde_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"Ballerup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballerup"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340660&poolid=259763"}],"sub_title":"East, Copenhagen/Bornholm","text":"Husum BK (6) v NB Bornholm (5)\n8 August 2017 Husum BK (6) 1–0 NB Bornholm (5) Husumparken, Brønshøj18:00\nFrydensbjerg Petersen 10'\nReport\n\nReferee: Frederik Lysemose HoffmannVirum-Sorgenfri BK (4) v B.93 (3)\n8 August 2017 Virum-Sorgenfri BK (4) 3–6 B.93 (3) Virum Stadion, Virum18:15\nAl-Bahadli 45' Youssef Mahmoud 49' Vraae 88'\nReport\nOlsen 19' Ali 24', 51' Roshani 32', 82' Berg Hansen 88'\nReferee: Frida Mia Klarlund NielsenHvidovre IF (3) v BK Frem (3)\n8 August 2017 Hvidovre IF (3) 1–0 BK Frem (3) Kæmpernes Arena, Hvidovre18:30\nØstberg Hansen 62'\nReport\n\nReferee: Anders PoulsenKastrup BK (4) v AB (3)\n8 August 2017 Kastrup BK (4) 1–4 AB (3) Røllikevej, Kastrup18:30\nChristoffersen 26'\nReport\nUth 24' Olsen 34' Nygaard Hansen 59' Jacob Lerche 73'\nReferee: Jakob A. SundbergLedøje-Smørum (4) v GVI (4)\n8 August 2017 Ledøje-Smørum (4) 3–3 (aet) 4–3 on Penalties (a.e.t.) GVI (4) Ledøje Idrætscenter, Smørum18:30\nWulff 42' Rasmussen 107' Kjærsgaard 115'\nReport\nChristensen 25' Østgaard 94' Vibholm 109'\nReferee: Simon RosenlundTårnby FF (5) v Brønshøj BK (3)\n8 August 2017 Tårnby FF (5) 1–2 Brønshøj BK (3) Vestamager Idrætsanlæg, Kastrup18:30\nAndersen 31'\nReport\nBuch 3' Bechmann Timm 67'\nReferee: Casper Thorsøe Jr.FC Græsrødderne (7) v Vanløse IF (4)\n8 August 2017 FC Græsrødderne (7) 2–3 Vanløse IF (4) Gentofte Stadion, Gentofte19:00\nUdsen 42' Wozniacki 58'\n\nHussein 32' O. Merling Hansen 37' Chistroffersen 82'\nReferee: Sebastian Friis AagerupBK Avarta (3) v Fremad Amager (2)\n9 August 2017 BK Avarta (3) 0–5 Fremad Amager (2) Espelundens Idrætsanlæg, Rødovre18:30\n\nReport\nNordstrand 24', 52', 56' 58', (own goal)' Engel 63'\nReferee: Kasper MadsenHelsinge Fodbold (6) v HIK (3)\n9 August 2017 Helsinge Fodbold (6) 0–2 HIK (3) Helsinge Stadion, Helsinge18:30\n\nReport\nTherkildsen 34' Long 75'\nReferee: Anders Skjødt VoergaardSunred Beach FC (6) v CSC (6)\n9 August 2017 Sunred Beach FC (6) 2–2 (aet) 4–2 on Penalties CSC (6) Ryparken Idrætsanlæg, Copenhagen19:30\nLyngby 24' Mikkelsen 119'\nReport\nBertelsen 72 (pen)', 103 (pen)'\nReferee: Martin KøsterBSF (5) v B1973 (6)\n15 August 2017 BSF (5) 3–1 B1973 (6) Ballerup Idrætspark, Ballerup18:15\nTidemand 45', 69' Lynge Nielsen 87'\nReport\nEriksen 6'\nReferee: Tinna Høj Christensen","title":"First round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Albertslund","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertslund"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340669&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Holbæk B&I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holb%C3%A6k_B%26I"},{"link_name":"Holbæk B&I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holb%C3%A6k_B%26I"},{"link_name":"Nykøbing Falster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_Falster"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340661&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"(pen.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Fredensborg BI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredensborg_BI"},{"link_name":"Fredensborg BI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredensborg_BI"},{"link_name":"Ringsted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringsted"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340665&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Slagelse B&I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slagelse_B%26I"},{"link_name":"KFUM Roskilde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFUM_Roskilde"},{"link_name":"Slagelse B&I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slagelse_B%26I"},{"link_name":"KFUM Roskilde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFUM_Roskilde"},{"link_name":"Slagelse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slagelse"},{"link_name":"(pen.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340663&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Bagsværd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagsv%C3%A6rd"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340662&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"FC Roskilde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Roskilde"},{"link_name":"Nykøbing FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_FC"},{"link_name":"FC Roskilde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Roskilde"},{"link_name":"Nykøbing FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_FC"},{"link_name":"Roskilde Idrætspark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roskilde_Idr%C3%A6tspark"},{"link_name":"Roskilde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roskilde"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340662&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"HB Køge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HB_K%C3%B8ge"},{"link_name":"HB Køge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HB_K%C3%B8ge"},{"link_name":"Næstved","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6stved"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340666&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Rishøj B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rish%C3%B8j_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"Greve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greve_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"Rishøj B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rish%C3%B8j_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"Greve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greve_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"Køge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B8ge"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340664&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"(pen.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Ølstykke FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98lstykke_FC"},{"link_name":"Næstved BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6stved_BK"},{"link_name":"Ølstykke FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98lstykke_FC"},{"link_name":"Næstved BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6stved_BK"},{"link_name":"Ølstykke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98lstykke"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=340667&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"(pen.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"}],"sub_title":"East, Zealand/Lolland/Falster","text":"Herstedøster IC (5) v BK Frem Sakskøbing (6)\n8 August 2017 Herstedøster IC (5) 0–1 BK Frem Sakskøbing (6) Herstedøster Stadion, Albertslund18:30\n\nReport\nStryger 23'\nReferee: Nikolaj Mose Dreisig HansenListrup U&IF (5) v Holbæk B&I (4)\n8 August 2017 Listrup U&IF (5) 0–5 Holbæk B&I (4) LUIF's anlæg, Nykøbing Falster18:30\n\nReport\nThomsen 17' Hjort 28' Halling 68' Sjørslev 71' Andrew Kakooza 90 (pen.)'\nReferee: Patrick Stenzel RasmussenRingsted IF (5) v Fredensborg BI (4)\n8 August 2017 Ringsted IF (5) 0–1 Fredensborg BI (4) Ringsted Stadion, Ringsted18:30\n\nReport\nSørensen 24'\nReferee: Emil MartinussenSlagelse B&I (4) v KFUM Roskilde (4)\n8 August 2017 Slagelse B&I (4) 3–0 KFUM Roskilde (4) Slagelse Stadion, Slagelse18:30\nHidiroglu 4', 45 (pen.)' P. Andersen 55'\nReport\n\nReferee: Benjamin Helm SvedborgVB1968 (6) v Døllefjelde Musse IF (6)\n8 August 2017 VB1968 (6) 4–1 Døllefjelde Musse IF (6) Værebro Stadion, Bagsværd18:30\nSaidi 7' Demirbas 18', 61' Dencker Jørgensen 82' (own goal)\nReport\nDencker Jørgensen 86'\nReferee: Christian HansenFC Roskilde (2) v Nykøbing FC (2)\n9 August 2017 FC Roskilde (2) 0–1 Nykøbing FC (2) Roskilde Idrætspark, Roskilde18:30\n\nReport\nBonde Jensen 79'\nReferee: Benjamin Willaume-JantzenHerlufsholm GF (5) v HB Køge (2)\n9 August 2017 Herlufsholm GF (5) 0–5 HB Køge (2) Herlufsholm Stadion, Næstved18:30\n\nReport\nTörnros 15', 29' Laustrup 63' Lassen 74' Mortensen 81'\nReferee: Jesper NielsenRishøj B (5) v Greve (3)\n9 August 2017 Rishøj B (5) 0–6 Greve (3) Rishøj Stadion, Køge18:30\n\nReport\nTangvig Sørensen 28', 62' Frank 38' Dumic 64', 66 (pen.)' Petersen 81'\nReferee: Jonathan NiltonØlstykke FC (6) v Næstved BK (3)\n9 August 2017 Ølstykke FC (6) 1–3 Næstved BK (3) Ølstykke Stadion, Ølstykke18:30\nMathias Pointinger 19'\nReport\nMourhrib 54', 87' Mertz 81 (pen.)'\nReferee: Peter Munch Larsen","title":"First round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"2017–18 Superliga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017-18_Danish_Superliga"}],"text":"For this round, the teams are divided into two equal groups, East and West. There were more West teams than East teams in the draw, so 5 Fynian teams were relocated to the East Pool – B1913, Dalum IF, OB, Næsby and Otterup. The draw was held on Friday, August 11, 2017 [3] and was organized so that clubs in the 2017–18 Superliga can not play each other.","title":"Second round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Randers FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randers_FC"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167490&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Grindsted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grindsted"},{"link_name":"Hedensted IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedensted_IF"},{"link_name":"Aarhus Fremad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhus_Fremad"},{"link_name":"p","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167500&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Hedensted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedensted"},{"link_name":"Jammerbugt FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammerbugt_FC"},{"link_name":"Vejle BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejle_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167502&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Pandrup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandrup"},{"link_name":"Vejgaard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejgaard_BK"},{"link_name":"FC Sydvest 05","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Sydvest_05"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167497&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Aalborg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalborg"},{"link_name":"Aabyhøj IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aabyh%C3%B8j_IF"},{"link_name":"(a.e.t.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_time"},{"link_name":"Middelfart G&BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelfart_G%26BK"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167501&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Aabyhøj Stadion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aabyh%C3%B8j_Stadion&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Aabyhøj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aabyh%C3%B8j"},{"link_name":"Kolding IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolding_IF"},{"link_name":"Hobro IK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobro_IK"},{"link_name":"Autocentral Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolding_Stadion"},{"link_name":"Kolding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolding"},{"link_name":"VSK Aarhus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSK_Aarhus"},{"link_name":"AGF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhus_Gymnastikforening"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167496&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"(p)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Ceres Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atletion"},{"link_name":"Aarhus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhus"},{"link_name":"Nørresundby FB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B8rresundby_FB"},{"link_name":"Skive IK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skive_IK"},{"link_name":"p","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167499&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Nørresundby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B8rresundby"},{"link_name":"FC Fredericia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Fredericia"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167503&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"p","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Klarup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klarup"},{"link_name":"Varde IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varde_IF"},{"link_name":"(a.e.t.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_time"},{"link_name":"AC Horsens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Horsens"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167492&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Varde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varde"},{"link_name":"Vendsyssel FF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendsyssel_FF"},{"link_name":"(a.e.t.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_time"},{"link_name":"Brabrand IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brabrand_IF"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167498&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Bredbånd Nord Arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%B8rring_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Hjørring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%B8rring"},{"link_name":"Viborg FF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viborg_FF"},{"link_name":"(a.e.t.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_time"},{"link_name":"AaB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AaB_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167494&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Energi Viborg Arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viborg_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Viborg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viborg,_Denmark"},{"link_name":"Kjellerup IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjellerup_IF"},{"link_name":"Silkeborg IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silkeborg_IF"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167491&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"JYSK Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JYSK_Park"},{"link_name":"Silkeborg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silkeborg"}],"sub_title":"West","text":"29 August 201717:30\nAgerbæk SF/Starup IF (5)2–7Randers FC (1)\nJensen 60' Poulsen 72'\nReport\nMølvadgaard 10' Djurdjic 21' Lobjanidze 26' Bruhn 44' Pourié 65' Agesen 77' Mame 79'\nStarup Stadion, GrindstedReferee: Jørgen Daugbjerg Burchardt29 August 201717:30\nHedensted IF (4)1–0Aarhus Fremad (3)\nSuljic 17' (p)\nReport\n\nHedensted Stadion, HedenstedReferee: Mads-Kristoffer Kristoffersen29 August 201717:30\nJammerbugt FC (3)3–1Vejle BK (2)\nSteffensen 48' Rye 71' Nielsen 75'\nReport\nSverrisson 43'\nJetsmark Stadion, PandrupReferee: Mikkel Saves29 August 201717:30\nVejgaard (4)4–3FC Sydvest 05 (3)\nPedersen 39' A. Sloth-Kristensen 64' M. Sloth-Kristensen 76' Højgaard 90'\nReport\nSørensen 3' Dum 58' Degn 70'\nSoffy Road, AalborgReferee: Michael Rasmussen29 August 201717:30\nAabyhøj IF (5)3–4 (a.e.t.)Middelfart G&BK (3)\nHoe 22' Hammershøj 30' Lose 51'\nReport\nJohansen 20', 34' Andreasen 90', 114'\nAabyhøj Stadion, AabyhøjReferee: Esad Deronjic29 August 201719:00\nKolding IF (3)0–1Hobro IK (1)\n\n\nGrønning 40'\nAutocentral Park, KoldingReferee: Jakob Kehlet29 August 201719:00\nVSK Aarhus (3)1–4AGF (1)\nSivertsen 39'\nReport\nBundu 8', 22' Sana 14' Torp 90 (p)'\nCeres Park, AarhusReferee: Jens Maae30 August 201717:30\nNørresundby FB (5)2–3Skive IK (2)\nToft 84' (p) C.K. Jensen 90'\nReport\nThomsen 49' Kock 61' Brandhof 83'\nNordjyske Bank Arena, NørresundbyReferee: Aydini Uslu30 August 201717:30\nRKG (6)1–8FC Fredericia (2)\nRasmussen 68'\nReport\nMcGrath 3', 11' Petersen 8', 65' Putros 13' (p) Fazlagic 42' Lopez 62' Sørensen 66'\nKlarup Stadion, KlarupReferee: Michael V. Jensen30 August 201717:30\nVarde IF (4)3–5 (a.e.t.)AC Horsens (1)\nHolm 20' Jelstrup 88' Forst Jensen 90'\nReport\nOkosun 31', 64' Tshiembe 55' Jacobsen 97' Ludwig 100'\nSydbank Stadion, VardeReferee: Morten Krogh6 September 201719:00\nVendsyssel FF (2)1–0 (a.e.t.)Brabrand IF (2)\nJensen 101'\nReport\n\nBredbånd Nord Arena, HjørringReferee: Mikkel Redder6 September 201719:30\nViborg FF (2)1–5 (a.e.t.)AaB (1)\nKamper 7'\nReport\nRolim 90' Pohl 97' Brønding 99' Safranko 105' Risgård 110'\nEnergi Viborg Arena, ViborgAttendance: 2,515Referee: Dennis Mogensen19 September 201716:30\nKjellerup IF (3)0–6Silkeborg IF (1)\n\nReport\nMøldrup Okkels 22' Vatsadze 30', 47' Skhirtladze 50' Nilsson 57', 67'\nJYSK Park, SilkeborgReferee: Mads-Kristoffer Kristoffersen","title":"Second round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"B1913","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldklubben_1913"},{"link_name":"Hvidovre IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvidovre_IF"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167484&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Odense","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odense"},{"link_name":"BSF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballerup-Skovlunde_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"Holbæk B&I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holb%C3%A6k_B%26I"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167489&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Ballerup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballerup"},{"link_name":"Dalum IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalum_IF"},{"link_name":"OB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odense_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167478&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Odense","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odense"},{"link_name":"Greve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greve_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167480&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Sakskøbing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksk%C3%B8bing"},{"link_name":"Ledøje-Smørum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Led%C3%B8je-Sm%C3%B8rum_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"B.93","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldklubben_af_1893"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167483&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Smørum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sm%C3%B8rum&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Næsby BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6sby_BK"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167487&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Bagsværd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagsv%C3%A6rd"},{"link_name":"Slagelse B&I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slagelse_B%26I"},{"link_name":"(a.e.t.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_time"},{"link_name":"AB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademisk_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"p","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167486&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Slagelse Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slagelse_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Slagelse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slagelse"},{"link_name":"Vanløse IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanl%C3%B8se_IF"},{"link_name":"Fremad Amager","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremad_Amager"},{"link_name":"p","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167482&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Vanløse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanl%C3%B8se"},{"link_name":"Brønshøj BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8nsh%C3%B8j_BK"},{"link_name":"Næstved BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6stved_BK"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167479&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Brønshøj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8nsh%C3%B8j"},{"link_name":"HB Køge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HB_K%C3%B8ge"},{"link_name":"(a.e.t.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_time"},{"link_name":"Nykøbing FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyk%C3%B8bing_FC"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167485&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Herfølge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herf%C3%B8lge"},{"link_name":"Otterup B&IK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otterup_B%26IK"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167488&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Copenhagen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen"},{"link_name":"Fredensborg BI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredensborg_BI"},{"link_name":"HIK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellerup_IK"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167481&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"p","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Fredensborg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredensborg"},{"link_name":"FC Helsingør","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Helsing%C3%B8r"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=167477&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Brønshøj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8nsh%C3%B8j"}],"sub_title":"East","text":"29 August 201717:30\nB1913 (4)1–3Hvidovre IF (3)\nAhmed 1'\nReport\nBrandt Hansen 32' Aabech 36' Andreasen 89'\nCampus Road, OdenseReferee: Allan Rørdahl Borgstrøm29 August 201717:30\nBSF (5)1–5Holbæk B&I (3)\nRandrup 52'\nReport\nBobjerg Larsen 23' Johansen 57' Halling 62', 88' Billeskov 74'\nBallerup Idrætspark, BallerupReferee: Sebastian Friis Aagerup29 August 201717:30\nDalum IF (3)0–1OB (1)\n\nReport\nEskesen 89'\nDalum Stadion OdenseReferee: Sandi Putros29 August 201717:30\nFrem Sakskøbing (6)0–9Greve (3)\n\nReport\nJensen 25', 47' Tangvig Sørensen 28', 56', 90' Knudsen 71', 81' Dumic 77' Qvapp 84'\nInges Auto Park, SakskøbingReferee: Patrick Stenzel Rasmussen29 August 201717:30\nLedøje-Smørum (4)1–0B.93 (3)\n\nReport\nMadsen 75'\nLedøje Idrætscenter, SmørumReferee: Tinna Høj Christensen29 August 201717:30\nVB 1968 (6)1–0Næsby BK (3)\n\nReport\nOwn Goal 75'\nSkovbrynet Skole, BagsværdReferee: Christian Hansen29 August 201718:30\nSlagelse B&I (3)2–1 (a.e.t.)AB (3)\nHidroglu 43' Jensen 98' (p)\nReport\nNielsen 90'\nSlagelse Stadium, SlagelseReferee: Benjamin Helm Svedborg30 August 201717:30\nVanløse IF (4)1–3Fremad Amager (2)\nCastelijns 90' (p)\nReport\nKaagh 22' Vatnsdal 27' Abdalas 83'\nVanløse Idrætspark, VanløseReferee: Benjamin Willaume-Jantzen30 August 201719:00\nBrønshøj BK (3)0–2Næstved BK (3)\n\nReport\nMoos 82' Munksgaard 86'\nTingbjerg Idrætspark, BrønshøjReferee: Kasper Madsen30 August 201719:00\nHB Køge (2)4–3 (a.e.t.)Nykøbing FC (2)\nLassen 17', 57' Rochester Sørensen 33' Bah 101'\nReport\nKoch 6' Holten 31', 58'\nCastus Park, HerfølgeReferee: Jesper Nielsen30 August 201719:30\nSunred Beach (6)1–5Otterup B&IK (5)\nLarsen 90'\nReport\nChilvers 20' Davidsen 30', 48' Villemoes 60' Tubæk 85'\nRyparkens Idrætsanlæg, CopenhagenReferee: Mostafa Seyfi5 September 201717:30\nFredensborg BI (4)1–2HIK (3)\nGöde 70'\nReport\nOwn Goal 20' Hebo Rasumssen 10' (p)\nFredensborg Stadion, FredensborgReferee: Martin Køster5 September 201718:30\nHusum BK (6)0–3FC Helsingør (1)\n\nReport\nStückler 31' Kvist 87' Jorsensen 93'\nTingbjerg Idrætspark, BrønshøjReferee: Benjamin Willaume-Jantzen","title":"Second round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2016-17 Danish Superliga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016-17_Danish_Superliga"},{"link_name":"2017–18 Superliga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017-18_Danish_Superliga"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Jammerbugt FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammerbugt_FC"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285288&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Bagsværd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagsv%C3%A6rd"},{"link_name":"Næstved BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6stved_BK"},{"link_name":"HB Køge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HB_K%C3%B8ge"},{"link_name":"p","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285287&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Euro Outlets Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6stved_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Næstved","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6stved"},{"link_name":"Greve Fodbold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greve_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"FC Midtjylland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Midtjylland"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285285&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Greve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greve_Strand"},{"link_name":"Hedensted IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedensted_IF"},{"link_name":"Lyngby BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyngby_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285284&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Hedensted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedensted"},{"link_name":"Middelfart G&BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelfart_G%26BK"},{"link_name":"AaB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalborg_Boldspilklub"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285272&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Middelfart Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelfart_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Middlefart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlefart"},{"link_name":"Otterup B&IK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otterup_B%26IK"},{"link_name":"Randers FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randers_FC"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285279&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Otterup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otterup"},{"link_name":"Skive IK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skive_IK"},{"link_name":"F.C. Copenhagen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.C._Copenhagen"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285280&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Skive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skive,_Denmark"},{"link_name":"Holbæk B&I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holb%C3%A6k_B%26I"},{"link_name":"AC Horsens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Horsens"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285277&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"SuRi Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holb%C3%A6k_Stadion"},{"link_name":"Holbæk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holb%C3%A6k"},{"link_name":"Hvidovre IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvidovre_IF"},{"link_name":"p","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"FC Helsingør","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Helsing%C3%B8r"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285273&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Hvidovre Stadion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvidovre_Stadion"},{"link_name":"Hvidovre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvidovre"},{"link_name":"Slagelse B&I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slagelse_B%26I"},{"link_name":"Hobro IK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobro_IK"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285282&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Slagelse Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slagelse_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Slagelse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slagelse"},{"link_name":"Ledøje-Smørum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Led%C3%B8je-Sm%C3%B8rum_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"Brøndby IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8ndby_IF"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285278&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Brøndby Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8ndby_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Brøndby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8ndby"},{"link_name":"BK Fremad Amager","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BK_Fremad_Amager"},{"link_name":"Odense BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odense_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"Morten Nordstrand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morten_Nordstrand"},{"link_name":"Anders Kaagh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Kaagh"},{"link_name":"Report 1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285286&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.weltfussball.at/spielbericht/dbu-pokalen-2017-2018-3-runde-fremad-amager-odense-bk/"},{"link_name":"Nicklas Helenius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicklas_Helenius"},{"link_name":"Mathias Greve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias_Greve"},{"link_name":"Jens Jakob Thomasen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens_Jakob_Thomasen"},{"link_name":"Sundby Idrætspark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundby_Idr%C3%A6tspark"},{"link_name":"Copenhagen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen"},{"link_name":"FC Fredericia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Fredericia"},{"link_name":"AGF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarhus_Gymnastikforening"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285275&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Monjasa Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredericia_Ny_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Fredericia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredericia"},{"link_name":"Vejgaard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejgaard_BK"},{"link_name":"FC Nordsjælland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Nordsj%C3%A6lland"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/matchInfo.aspx?matchid=285274&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Rasmussen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias_Rasmussen"},{"link_name":"Fellah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Fellah"},{"link_name":"Aalborg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalborg"},{"link_name":"Vendsyssel FF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendsyssel_FF"},{"link_name":"SønderjyskE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8nderjyskE_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285281&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Kløve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troels_Kl%C3%B8ve"},{"link_name":"Nord Energy Arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%B8rring_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Hjørring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%B8rring"},{"link_name":"HIK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellerup_IK"},{"link_name":"(aet)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_time"},{"link_name":"Penalties","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_shootout_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Silkeborg IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silkeborg_IF"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=285276&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Gentofte Stadion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentofte_Stadion"},{"link_name":"Gentofte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentofte"}],"text":"In the third round, the top six teams from the 2016-17 Danish Superliga will enter the competition, joining the 26 winners from the second round matches. The 32-team draw for the third round will also be organized so that clubs in the 2017–18 Superliga can not play each other. Third Round matches will be played between September 19–21, 2017.The draw was held on Monday, September 4, 2017.[4]19 September 201716:30\nVB 1968 (6)0–3Jammerbugt FC (3)\n\nReport\nOwn Goal 72' Hyltoft 84' Tved Hansen 93'\nVærebro Skole, BagsværdReferee: Jakob A. Sundberg20 September 201716:30\nNæstved BK (3)1–3HB Køge (2)\nSchnack Mertz 21' (p)\nReport\nNick Lassen 24' Hassan Ahmed 68' Haüser 85'\nEuro Outlets Stadium, NæstvedReferee: Jesper Nielsen20 September 201716:30\nGreve Fodbold (3)0–7FC Midtjylland (1)\n\nReport\nNovak 14' Onuachu 26', 61', 65', 72' Munksgaard Nielsen 74' Dal Hende 77'\nGreve Idrætscenter, GreveReferee: Jakob Kehlet20 September 201716:30\nHedensted IF (4)1–3Lyngby BK (1)\nKahr Christensen 28'\nReport\nRygaard Jensen 15' Knudsen Larsen 23' Borild Kjær 33'\nHedensted Stadion, HedenstedReferee: Jens Grabski Maae20 September 201716:30\nMiddelfart G&BK (3)0–2AaB (1)\n\nReport\nBørsting 27', 40'\nMiddelfart Stadium, MiddlefartAttendance: 1,121Referee: Jørgen Daugbjerg Burchardt20 September 201716:30\nOtterup B&IK (4)0–2Randers FC (1)\n\nReport\nPourie 41' Mølvadgaard 50'\nNordfyns Bank Arena, OtterupReferee: Morten Krogh20 September 201718:15\nSkive IK (2)0–3F.C. Copenhagen (1)\n\nReport\nHolse 6', 36' Kusk 68'\nSPAR Nord Arena, SkiveAttendance: 2,364Referee: Michael Tykgaard20 September 201719:00\nHolbæk B&I (4)1–0AC Horsens (1)\nLauritz Adamsen 58'\nReport\n\nSuRi Park, HolbækReferee: Sandi Putros20 September 201719:00\nHvidovre IF (3)0–0 (3–4 p)FC Helsingør (1)\n\nReport\n\nHvidovre Stadion, HvidovreReferee: Benjamin Willaume-Jantzen20 September 201719:00\nSlagelse B&I (4)1–5Hobro IK (1)\nRygaard 48'\nReport\nAmankwah 3' Grønning 42', 60', 73' Olsen 86'\nSlagelse Stadium, SlagelseReferee: Peter Munch Larsen20 September 201720:30\nLedøje-Smørum (4)1–5Brøndby IF (1)\nScott Rasmussen 30'\nReport\nVigen Christensen 33', 86' Halimi 57' Wilczek 71' Own Goal 79'\nBrøndby Stadium, BrøndbyReferee: Anders Poulsen21 September 201718:15\nBK Fremad Amager (2)2–3Odense BK (1)\nMorten Nordstrand 44'Anders Kaagh 85'\nReport 1[1]\nNicklas Helenius 9'Mathias Greve 59'Jens Jakob Thomasen 86'\nSundby Idrætspark, CopenhagenAttendance: 1.856Referee: Mads-Kristoffer Kristoffersen21 September 201720:30\nFC Fredericia (2)1–0AGF (1)\nMcGrath 69'\nReport\n\nMonjasa Park, FredericiaReferee: Dennis Mogensen27 September 201716:15\nVejgaard (4)0–4FC Nordsjælland (1)\n\nReport\nSkov Olsen 10' Rasmussen 59', 65' Fellah 65'\nSoffy Road, AalborgReferee: Dennis Mogensen27 September 201717:30\nVendsyssel FF (2)1–2SønderjyskE (1)\nIfeanyi Ogude 28'\nReport\nKløve 9', 50'\nNord Energy Arena, HjørringReferee: Jakob Kehlet11 October 201718:45\nHIK (3)2–2 (aet) 3–4 on PenaltiesSilkeborg IF (1)\nKiel Smed 86' Lange 99'\nReport\nMarin Gammelby 76' Gertsen 120'\nGentofte Stadion, GentofteReferee: Peter Munch Larsen","title":"Third round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"OB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odense_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"FC Midtjylland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Midtjylland"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=490196&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Duelund","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikkel_Duelund"},{"link_name":"Sørloth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_S%C3%B8rloth"},{"link_name":"Kraev","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bozhidar_Kraev"},{"link_name":"EWII Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EWII_Park"},{"link_name":"Odense","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odense"},{"link_name":"FC Fredericia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Fredericia"},{"link_name":"HB Køge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HB_K%C3%B8ge"},{"link_name":"McGrath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent_McGrath"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=490198&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Monjasa Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredericia_Ny_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Fredericia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredericia"},{"link_name":"Holbæk B&I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holb%C3%A6k_B%26I"},{"link_name":"Randers FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randers_FC"},{"link_name":"(pen.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=490200&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Mølvadgaard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_M%C3%B8lvadgaard"},{"link_name":"Lobzhanidze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba_Lobzhanidze"},{"link_name":"Pourié","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_Pouri%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"Holbæk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holb%C3%A6k"},{"link_name":"Hobro IK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobro_IK"},{"link_name":"a.e.t.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtime_(sports)#Association_football"},{"link_name":"FC Nordsjælland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Nordsj%C3%A6lland"},{"link_name":"Grønning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian_Gr%C3%B8nning"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/11/01/denmark/dbu-pokalen/hobro-ik/fc-nordsjalland/2601156/?ICID=PL_MS_05"},{"link_name":"Marcondes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano_Marcondes"},{"link_name":"Penalties","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"DS Arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DS_Arena"},{"link_name":"Hobro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobro"},{"link_name":"Jammerbugt FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammerbugt_FC"},{"link_name":"SønderjyskE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8nderjyskE_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=490197&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Luijckx","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kees_Luijckx"},{"link_name":"Zinckernagel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Zinckernagel"},{"link_name":"Gartenmann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Gartenmann"},{"link_name":"Pandrup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandrup"},{"link_name":"AaB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalborg_Boldspilklub"},{"link_name":"FC Helsingør","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Helsing%C3%B8r"},{"link_name":"Rolin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yann_Rolim"},{"link_name":"Flores","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison_Flores"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=490209&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Okore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jores_Okore"},{"link_name":"o.g.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Own_goal#Association_football"},{"link_name":"Aalborg Portland Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalborg_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Aalborg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalborg"},{"link_name":"Silkeborg IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silkeborg_IF"},{"link_name":"a.e.t.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtime_(sports)#Association_football"},{"link_name":"Lyngby BK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyngby_Boldklub"},{"link_name":"Skhirtladze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davit_Skhirtladze"},{"link_name":"Nielsen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobias_Nielsen"},{"link_name":"Petersen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephan_Petersen"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=490195&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Ørnskov","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_%C3%98rnskov"},{"link_name":"F.C. Copenhagen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.C._Copenhagen"},{"link_name":"Brøndby IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8ndby_IF"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=490194&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Wilczek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamil_Wilczek"},{"link_name":"Parken Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parken_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Copenhagen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen"}],"text":"The 16 winners from the third round will compete in matches to be played between October 24–26, 2017.25 October 201718:00\nOB (1)0–3FC Midtjylland (1)\n\nReport\nDuelund 36' Sørloth 54' Kraev 87'\nEWII Park, OdenseReferee: Mads-Kristoffer Kristoffersen25 October 201719:00\nFC Fredericia (2)2–0HB Køge (2)\nMcGrath 47' Sølvsten Holvad 60'\nReport\n\nMonjasa Park, FredericiaReferee: Chris Johansen26 October 201719:00\nHolbæk B&I (4)1–4Randers FC (1)\nBilleskov 70 (pen.)'\nReport\nMølvadgaard 2' Lobzhanidze 25' Pourié 72', 75'\nSuRi Park, HolbækReferee: Anders Poulsen2 November 201719:00\nHobro IK (1)1–1 (a.e.t.)FC Nordsjælland (1)\nGrønning 14'\nReport\nMarcondes 49'\nPenalties\n\n4–3\n\nDS Arena, HobroAttendance: 1,01328 November 201715:00\nJammerbugt FC (3)1–4SønderjyskE (1)\nSteffensen 83'\nReport\nEkani 13' Luijckx 24' Zinckernagel 33' Gartenmann 90'\nJetsmark Stadion, PandrupReferee: Jakob Kehlet6 December 201718:00\nAaB (1)2–1FC Helsingør (1)\nRolin 90' Flores 92'\nReport\nOkore 20' (o.g.)\nAalborg Portland Park, AalborgReferee: Jakob Kehlet6 December 201718:00\nSilkeborg IF (1)3–1 (a.e.t.)Lyngby BK (1)\nSkhirtladze 58' Nielsen 92' Petersen 102'\nReport\nØrnskov 88'\nUkendtReferee: Michael Tykgaard4 February 201812:30\nF.C. Copenhagen (1)0–1Brøndby IF (1)\n\nReport\nWilczek 33'\nParken Stadium, Copenhagen","title":"Fourth round"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Bracket","title":"Fourth round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Randers FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randers_FC"},{"link_name":"a.e.t.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtime_(sports)#Association_football"},{"link_name":"Silkeborg IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silkeborg_IF"},{"link_name":"Markkanen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eero_Markkanen"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=837276&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Mattsson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus_Mattsson"},{"link_name":"Gertsen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeppe_Gertsen"},{"link_name":"Rochester Sørensen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Rochester_S%C3%B8rensen"},{"link_name":"BioNutria Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioNutria_Park_Randers"},{"link_name":"Randers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randers"},{"link_name":"Jens Maae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jens_Maae&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SønderjyskE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8nderjyskE_Fodbold"},{"link_name":"a.e.t.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtime_(sports)#Association_football"},{"link_name":"Brøndby IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8ndby_IF"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=837275&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Nørgaard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_N%C3%B8rgaard"},{"link_name":"Sydbank Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydbank_Park"},{"link_name":"Haderslev","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haderslev"},{"link_name":"Peter Kjærsgaard-Andersen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Kj%C3%A6rsgaard-Andersen&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"FC Fredericia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Fredericia"},{"link_name":"AaB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalborg_Boldspilklub"},{"link_name":"Høegh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_H%C3%B8egh"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=837274&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Børsting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_B%C3%B8rsting"},{"link_name":"Monjasa Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monjasa_Park"},{"link_name":"Fredericia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredericia"},{"link_name":"Hobro IK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobro_IK"},{"link_name":"a.e.t.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtime_(sports)#Association_football"},{"link_name":"FC Midtjylland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Midtjylland"},{"link_name":"Mikkelsen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Mikkelsen"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=837273&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Kraev","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bozhidar_Kraev"},{"link_name":"DS Arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DS_Arena"},{"link_name":"Hobro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobro"}],"text":"Quarter-final matches were played between 4–12 April 2018.4 April 201812:00\nRanders FC (1)1–3 (a.e.t.)Silkeborg IF (1)\nMarkkanen 10'\nReport\nMattsson 41' Gertsen 107' Rochester Sørensen 117'\nBioNutria ParkRandersAttendance: 2,292Referee: Jens Maae5 April 201812:30\nSønderjyskE (1)0–1 (a.e.t.)Brøndby IF (1)\n\nReport\nNørgaard 118'\nSydbank Park,HaderslevAttendance: 5,048Referee: Peter Kjærsgaard-Andersen11 April 201812:00\nFC Fredericia (2)3–1AaB (1)\nHøegh 15', 45' Fazlagic 45'\nReport\nBørsting 59'\nMonjasa Park, FredericiaAttendance: 2,466Referee: Jens Maae12 April 201812:30\nHobro IK (1)1–2 (a.e.t.)FC Midtjylland (1)\nMikkelsen 109'\nReport\nKraev 98', 112'\nDS Arena, HobroAttendance: 1,382Referee: Mads-Kristoffer Kristoffersen","title":"Quarter-finals"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"FC Fredericia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Fredericia"},{"link_name":"Silkeborg IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silkeborg_IF"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?"},{"link_name":"Fredsted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olver_Fredsted&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"o.g.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Own_goal#Association_football"},{"link_name":"Monjasa Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monjasa_Park"},{"link_name":"Fredericia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredericia"},{"link_name":"Jens Maae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jens_Maae&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Brøndby IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8ndby_IF"},{"link_name":"FC Midtjylland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Midtjylland"},{"link_name":"Wilczek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamil_Wilczek"},{"link_name":"Pukki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teemu_Pukki"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?"},{"link_name":"Wikheim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Wikheim"},{"link_name":"Brøndby Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8ndby_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Brøndby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8ndby"}],"text":"The two semifinal matches will be played between 24–26 April 2018.25 April 201817:30\nFC Fredericia (2)0–1Silkeborg IF (1)\n\nReport\nFredsted 50' (o.g.)\nMonjasa Park, FredericiaAttendance: 4,799Referee: Jens Maae26 April 201818:30\nBrøndby IF (1)3–1FC Midtjylland (1)\nWilczek 1', 65' Pukki 15'\nReport\nWikheim 48'\nBrøndby StadiumBrøndbyAttendance: 14,794Referee: Mads-Kristoffer Kristoffersen","title":"Semi-finals"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Brøndby IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8ndby_IF"},{"link_name":"Silkeborg IF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silkeborg_IF"},{"link_name":"Röcker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedikt_R%C3%B6cker"},{"link_name":"Wilczek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamil_Wilczek"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.dbu.dk/turneringer_og_resultater/resultatsoegning/LiveScore.aspx?matchid=301167&poolid=259763"},{"link_name":"Skhirtladze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davit_Skhirtladze"},{"link_name":"Parken Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parken_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Copenhagen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen"}],"text":"10 May 201812:00\nBrøndby IF (1)3–1Silkeborg IF (1)\nRöcker 35'Wilczek 41', 91'\nReport\nSkhirtladze 33'\nParken Stadium, CopenhagenAttendance: 31,027Referee: Anders Poulsen","title":"Final"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"Pokal 2017–18 Deltagere\". www.Haslund.info. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170815062243/http://www.haslund.info/10_danmark/pt/201718/delt.asp","url_text":"\"Pokal 2017–18 Deltagere\""},{"url":"http://www.haslund.info/10_danmark/pt/201718/delt.asp","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"DBU Cup: Roskilde against Nykøbing in 1st Round\". Danish Football Association. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181109200236/https://www.dbu.dk/nyheder/2017/juni/lodtraekning_dbupokal_1r","url_text":"\"DBU Cup: Roskilde against Nykøbing in 1st Round\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Football_Association","url_text":"Danish Football Association"},{"url":"https://www.dbu.dk/nyheder/2017/juni/lodtraekning_dbupokal_1r","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"DBU Cup: Who Meets Who?\". Danish Football Association. Archived from the original on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190111152550/https://www.dbu.dk/nyheder/2017/august/dbu_pokalen_hvem_moeder_hvem","url_text":"\"DBU Cup: Who Meets Who?\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Football_Association","url_text":"Danish Football Association"},{"url":"https://www.dbu.dk/Nyheder/2017/August/dbu_pokalen_hvem_moeder_hvem","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"FCK Meets Skive in the DBU Cup's 3rd Round\". Archived from the original on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-12.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170904213929/https://www.dbu.dk/Nyheder/2017/September/lodtraekning_dbu_pokalen_tredjerunde","url_text":"\"FCK Meets Skive in the DBU Cup's 3rd Round\""},{"url":"https://www.dbu.dk/Nyheder/2017/September/lodtraekning_dbu_pokalen_tredjerunde","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvino_Lobos
Silvino Lobos
["1 History","2 Geography","2.1 Barangays","2.2 Climate","3 Demographics","4 Economy","5 References","6 External links"]
Coordinates: 12°19′41″N 124°50′47″E / 12.3281°N 124.8464°E / 12.3281; 124.8464Municipality in Northern Samar, Philippines Municipality in Eastern Visayas, PhilippinesSilvino LobosMunicipalityMunicipality of Silvino Lobos FlagMap of Northern Samar with Silvino Lobos highlightedOpenStreetMapSilvino LobosLocation within the PhilippinesCoordinates: 12°19′41″N 124°50′47″E / 12.3281°N 124.8464°E / 12.3281; 124.8464CountryPhilippinesRegionEastern VisayasProvinceNorthern SamarDistrict 2nd districtFounded1965Barangays26 (see Barangays)Government  • TypeSangguniang Bayan • MayorLeo L. Jarito • Vice MayorRemedios T. Espinar • RepresentativeJose L. Ong Jr. • Councilors List • Gilbert L. Basarte• Glenda C. Abueza• Melvin A. Jarito• Rodney L. Silvestre• Mateo J. Pinca• Jenny T. Celajes• Mary Jane S. Jumadiao• William L. MerinoDILG Masterlist of Officials  • Electorate9,989 voters (2022)Area • Total224.20 km2 (86.56 sq mi)Elevation104 m (341 ft)Highest elevation328 m (1,076 ft)Lowest elevation24 m (79 ft)Population (2020 census) • Total15,100 • Density67/km2 (170/sq mi) • Households2,931Economy • Income class4th municipal income class • Poverty incidence39.52% (2021) • Revenue₱ 115.9 million (2020) • Assets₱ 305.3 million (2020) • Expenditure₱ 103.5 million (2020) • Liabilities₱ 36.45 million (2020)Service provider • ElectricityNorthern Samar Electric Cooperative (NORSAMELCO)Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)ZIP code6414PSGC084822000IDD : area code +63 (0)55Native languagesWaray Tagalog Silvino Lobos, officially the Municipality of Silvino Lobos (Waray: Bungto han Silvino Lobos; Tagalog: Bayan ng Silvino Lobos), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Northern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 15,100 people. History It is a former barrio of the town of Pambujan. Its former name is Barrio Suba until it became a town in June 17, 1967. Geography Barangays Silvino Lubos is politically subdivided into 26 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios. Balud Cababayogan Cabunga-an Cagda-o Caghilot Camanggaran Camaya-an Deit De Suba Deit De Turag Gebonawan Gebolwangan Gecbo-an Giguimitan Genagasan Geparayan De Turag Gusaran Imelda Montalban Suba (Poblacion) San Isidro Senonogan de Tubang Tobgon Victory Poblacion I Poblacion II San Antonio Climate Climate data for Silvino Lobos, Northern Samar Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 27(81) 27(81) 28(82) 30(86) 30(86) 30(86) 29(84) 29(84) 29(84) 29(84) 28(82) 27(81) 29(83) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 22(72) 22(72) 22(72) 22(72) 24(75) 24(75) 24(75) 24(75) 24(75) 24(75) 23(73) 23(73) 23(74) Average precipitation mm (inches) 84(3.3) 59(2.3) 58(2.3) 55(2.2) 93(3.7) 133(5.2) 149(5.9) 125(4.9) 155(6.1) 165(6.5) 140(5.5) 136(5.4) 1,352(53.3) Average rainy days 18.1 13.6 15.8 16.1 21.7 25.5 26.6 25.1 24.8 25.8 22.7 20.1 255.9 Source: Meteoblue Demographics Population census of Silvino LobosYearPop.±% p.a.1970 6,497—    1975 7,633+3.28%1980 7,245−1.04%1990 9,071+2.27%1995 11,028+3.73%2000 12,645+2.98%2007 13,761+1.17%2010 14,303+1.42%2015 15,299+1.29%2020 15,100−0.26%Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Economy Poverty incidence of Silvino Lobos 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2006 59.80 2009 64.78 2012 71.58 2015 78.47 2018 56.94 2021 39.52 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Silvino Lobos had the highest poverty incidence of all cities and municipalities of the Philippines in 2015. Silvino Lobos economy is agriculture and timber-based since it is surrounded with forests. Recently, tourism-based activities is starting to develop as its cool weather condition puts the town's temperature condition comparable to Baguio and the rugged terrain comparable to Sagada. Camping tour organizers have been bringing tourists to the site as a new road paved the way for motor vehicles to reach Silvino Lobos overland on a much shorter travel time compared to motorized boats that ply the Pambujan River to reach the town in a much longer travel time. Prior to discovery of river cruise, the town was reachable only by hiking through mountain trails from the nearest transport access point. References ^  Municipality of Silvino Lobos | (DILG) ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021. ^ a b Census of Population (2020). "Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024. ^ "Silvino Lobos, Northern Samar : Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved 6 January 2019. ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016. ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016. ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ "Province of Northern Samar". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020. ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 November 2005. ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 23 March 2009. ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 3 August 2012. ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 31 May 2016. ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 10 July 2019. ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024. ^ Meniano, Sarwell (13 April 2021). "Isolated Northern Samar town now accessible by land". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2021. Before, the town can be accessed through six hours pump boat from Pambujan town that leaves at midnight. External links Philippine Standard Geographic Code Philippine Census Information Local Governance Performance Management System Places adjacent to Silvino Lobos San Roque / Pambujan Mondragon Silvino Lubos Las Navas Calbayog, Samar Gandara, Samar Matuguinao, Samar vte Province of Northern SamarCatarman (capital and largest municipality)Municipalities Allen Biri Bobon Capul Catarman Catubig Gamay Laoang Lapinig Las Navas Lavezares Lope de Vega Mapanas Mondragon Palapag Pambujan Rosario San Antonio San Isidro San Jose San Roque San Vicente Silvino Lobos Victoria This article about a location in Eastern Visayas region is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Waray","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waray_language"},{"link_name":"Tagalog","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagalog_language"},{"link_name":"municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality_of_the_Philippines"},{"link_name":"province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Province"},{"link_name":"Northern Samar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Samar"},{"link_name":"Philippines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PSA20%E2%80%9308-3"}],"text":"Municipality in Northern Samar, PhilippinesMunicipality in Eastern Visayas, PhilippinesSilvino Lobos, officially the Municipality of Silvino Lobos (Waray: Bungto han Silvino Lobos; Tagalog: Bayan ng Silvino Lobos), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Northern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 15,100 people.[3]","title":"Silvino Lobos"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pambujan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pambujan,_Northern_Samar"}],"text":"It is a former barrio of the town of Pambujan. Its former name is Barrio Suba until it became a town in June 17, 1967.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"barangays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barangay"},{"link_name":"puroks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purok"},{"link_name":"sitios","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitios"},{"link_name":"Poblacion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblacion"}],"sub_title":"Barangays","text":"Silvino Lubos is politically subdivided into 26 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.Balud\nCababayogan\nCabunga-an\nCagda-o\nCaghilot\nCamanggaran\nCamaya-an\nDeit De Suba\nDeit De Turag\nGebonawan\nGebolwangan\nGecbo-an\nGiguimitan\nGenagasan\nGeparayan De Turag\nGusaran\nImelda\nMontalban\nSuba (Poblacion)\nSan Isidro\nSenonogan de Tubang\nTobgon\nVictory\nPoblacion I\nPoblacion II\nSan Antonio","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"precipitation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-met_norms-5"}],"sub_title":"Climate","text":"Climate data for Silvino Lobos, Northern Samar\n\n\nMonth\n\nJan\n\nFeb\n\nMar\n\nApr\n\nMay\n\nJun\n\nJul\n\nAug\n\nSep\n\nOct\n\nNov\n\nDec\n\nYear\n\n\nMean daily maximum °C (°F)\n\n27(81)\n\n27(81)\n\n28(82)\n\n30(86)\n\n30(86)\n\n30(86)\n\n29(84)\n\n29(84)\n\n29(84)\n\n29(84)\n\n28(82)\n\n27(81)\n\n29(83)\n\n\nMean daily minimum °C (°F)\n\n22(72)\n\n22(72)\n\n22(72)\n\n22(72)\n\n24(75)\n\n24(75)\n\n24(75)\n\n24(75)\n\n24(75)\n\n24(75)\n\n23(73)\n\n23(73)\n\n23(74)\n\n\nAverage precipitation mm (inches)\n\n84(3.3)\n\n59(2.3)\n\n58(2.3)\n\n55(2.2)\n\n93(3.7)\n\n133(5.2)\n\n149(5.9)\n\n125(4.9)\n\n155(6.1)\n\n165(6.5)\n\n140(5.5)\n\n136(5.4)\n\n1,352(53.3)\n\n\nAverage rainy days\n\n18.1\n\n13.6\n\n15.8\n\n16.1\n\n21.7\n\n25.5\n\n26.6\n\n25.1\n\n24.8\n\n25.8\n\n22.7\n\n20.1\n\n255.9\n\n\nSource: Meteoblue[5]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"text":"Poverty incidence of Silvino LobosSilvino Lobos had the highest poverty incidence of all cities and municipalities of the Philippines in 2015.Silvino Lobos economy is agriculture and timber-based since it is surrounded with forests.Recently, tourism-based activities is starting to develop as its cool weather condition puts the town's temperature condition comparable to Baguio and the rugged terrain comparable to Sagada. Camping tour organizers have been bringing tourists to the site as a new road paved the way for motor vehicles to reach Silvino Lobos overland on a much shorter travel time compared to motorized boats that ply the Pambujan River to reach the town in a much longer travel time.[18] Prior to discovery of river cruise, the town was reachable only by hiking through mountain trails from the nearest transport access point.","title":"Economy"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density\" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/_POPCEN%20Report%20No.%203.pdf","url_text":"\"2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0117-1453","url_text":"0117-1453"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210525030629/https://www.psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/_POPCEN%20Report%20No.%203.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Census of Population (2020). \"Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)\". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/Region%25208.xlsx","url_text":"\"Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority","url_text":"Philippine Statistics Authority"}]},{"reference":"\"PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates\". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.psa.gov.ph/content/psa-releases-2021-city-and-municipal-level-poverty-estimates","url_text":"\"PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates\""}]},{"reference":"\"Silvino Lobos, Northern Samar : Average Temperatures and Rainfall\". Meteoblue. Retrieved 6 January 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/silvino-lobos_philippines_1686436","url_text":"\"Silvino Lobos, Northern Samar : Average Temperatures and Rainfall\""}]},{"reference":"Census of Population (2015). \"Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)\". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/R08.xlsx","url_text":"\"Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority","url_text":"Philippine Statistics Authority"}]},{"reference":"Census of Population and Housing (2010). \"Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)\" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://psa.gov.ph/system/files/phcd/2022-12/Eastern%2520Visayas.pdf","url_text":"\"Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority#National_Statistics_Office","url_text":"National Statistics Office"}]},{"reference":"Censuses of Population (1903–2007). \"Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)\". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/download/PhilippinesCensusofPopulationLGUs19032007/Region%208%20Eastern%20Visayas%20Philippines%20Census%20of%20Population%201903%20-%202007.xls","url_text":"\"Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)\""},{"url":"https://archive.org/download/PhilippinesCensusofPopulationLGUs19032007","url_text":"Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority#National_Statistics_Office","url_text":"National Statistics Office"}]},{"reference":"\"Province of Northern Samar\". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://122.54.214.222/population/MunPop.asp?prov=NOS&province=Northern%20Samar","url_text":"\"Province of Northern Samar\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Water_Utilities_Administration","url_text":"Local Water Utilities Administration"}]},{"reference":"\"Poverty incidence (PI):\". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://psa.gov.ph/content/poverty-incidence-pi","url_text":"\"Poverty incidence (PI):\""}]},{"reference":"\"Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines\" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 November 2005.","urls":[{"url":"https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/NSCB_LocalPovertyPhilippines_0.pdf","url_text":"\"Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines\""}]},{"reference":"\"2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates\" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 23 March 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2003%20SAE%20of%20poverty%20(Full%20Report)_1.pdf","url_text":"\"2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates\""}]},{"reference":"\"City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009\" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 3 August 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2006%20and%202009%20City%20and%20Municipal%20Level%20Poverty%20Estimates_0_1.pdf","url_text":"\"City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009\""}]},{"reference":"\"2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates\" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 31 May 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2012%20Municipal%20and%20City%20Level%20Poverty%20Estimates%20Publication%20(1).pdf","url_text":"\"2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates\""}]},{"reference":"\"Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015\". Philippine Statistics Authority. 10 July 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/City%20and%20Municipal-level%20Small%20Area%20Poverty%20Estimates_%202009%2C%202012%20and%202015_0.xlsx","url_text":"\"Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015\""}]},{"reference":"\"PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates\". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://psa.gov.ph/content/psa-releases-2018-municipal-and-city-level-poverty-estimates","url_text":"\"PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates\""}]},{"reference":"\"PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates\". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.psa.gov.ph/content/psa-releases-2021-city-and-municipal-level-poverty-estimates","url_text":"\"PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates\""}]},{"reference":"Meniano, Sarwell (13 April 2021). \"Isolated Northern Samar town now accessible by land\". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2021. Before, the town can be accessed through six hours pump boat from Pambujan town that leaves at midnight.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210419190813/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1136610","url_text":"\"Isolated Northern Samar town now accessible by land\""},{"url":"https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1136610","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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