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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Challenger_de_T%C3%AAnis
2021 São Paulo Challenger de Tênis
["1 Singles main-draw entrants","1.1 Seeds","1.2 Other entrants","2 Champions","2.1 Singles","2.2 Doubles","3 References"]
Tennis tournament2021 São Paulo Challenger de TênisDate29 November – 5 DecemberEdition7thSurfaceClayLocationSão Paulo, BrazilChampionsSingles Juan Pablo FicovichDoubles Nicolás Barrientos / Alejandro Gómez ← 2020 · São Paulo Challenger de Tênis · 2022 → The 2021 São Paulo Challenger de Tênis was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2021 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in São Paulo, Brazil between 29 November and 5 December 2021. Singles main-draw entrants Seeds Country Player Rank1 Seed  URU Pablo Cuevas 98 1  BOL Hugo Dellien 119 2  BRA Thiago Seyboth Wild 132 3  ARG Juan Ignacio Londero 144 4  CHI Nicolás Jarry 160 5  BRA Felipe Meligeni Alves 180 6  ARG Nicolás Kicker 236 7  ARG Pedro Cachin 258 8 1 Rankings as of 22 November 2021. Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: Mateus Alves Oscar José Gutierrez Gustavo Heide The following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates: Daniel Dutra da Silva Alejandro González Facundo Juárez Gilbert Klier Júnior The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Luciano Darderi Igor Marcondes Gonzalo Villanueva Matías Zukas The following player received entry as a lucky loser: Alejandro Gómez Champions Singles Main article: 2021 São Paulo Challenger de Tênis – Singles Juan Pablo Ficovich def. Luciano Darderi 6–3, 7–5. Doubles Main article: 2021 São Paulo Challenger de Tênis – Doubles Nicolás Barrientos / Alejandro Gómez def. Rafael Matos / Felipe Meligeni Alves Walkover. References ^ "Rankings | Singles | ATP Tour | Tennis". ATP Tour. vte2021 ATP Challenger Tour « 2020 2022 » Istanbul 1 Quimper 1 Antalya 1 Quimper 2 Antalya 2 Cherbourg Potchefstroom 1 Biella 1 Biella 2 Concepción Potchefstroom 2 Nur-Sultan 1 Las Palmas 1 Nur-Sultan 2 Las Palmas 2 Saint Petersburg 1 Biella 3 Saint Petersburg 2 Biella 4 Santiago 1 Cleveland Lille Lugano Zadar Marbella Oeiras 1 Split 1 Oeiras 2 Belgrade Orlando 1 Split 2 Rome 1 Tallahassee Salinas 1 Rome 2 Ostrava Salinas 2 Biella 5 Prague 1 Heilbronn Zagreb Oeiras 3 Biella 6 Oeiras 4 Little Rock Biella 7 Nottingham 1 Lyon Bratislava 1 Almaty 1 Orlando 2 Nottingham 2 Aix-en-Provence Prostějov Almaty 2 Forlì 1 Milan Porto Salzburg Braunschweig Perugia Iași Amersfoort Nur-Sultan 3 Todi Cary 1 Nur-Sultan 4 Pozoblanco Tampere Poznań Segovia Lexington Trieste Cordenons Liberec San Marino Meerbusch Prague 2 Lüdescheid Verona Barletta Warsaw Prague 3 Como Mallorca Saint-Tropez Tulln Sevilla Banja Luka Cassis Kyiv Szczecin Rennes Cary 2 Istanbul 2 Quito Ambato Biel/Bienne Braga Bucharest Columbus Orléans Lisbon Lima 1 Murcia Sibiu Mouilleron-le-Captif Barcelona Napoli 1 Santiago 2 Alicante Napoli 2 Santiago 3 Bogotá Buenos Aires Lošinj Brest Ismaning Las Vegas Lima 2 Charlottesville Bergamo Eckental Guayaquil Tenerife Roanne Bratislava 2 Knoxville Montevideo Ortisei Pau Helsinki Campinas Champaign Bari Brasília Manama Puerto Vallarta São Paulo Forlì 2 Antalya 3 Forlì 3 Maia 1 Florianópolis Antalya 4 Maia 2 Rio de Janeiro
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophysical_economics
Thermoeconomics
["1 Thermodynamics","2 Energy Return on Investment","3 Peak oil","3.1 Political Implications","3.2 Energy Backed Credit","4 See also","5 References","6 Further reading","7 External links"]
Heterodox economic theory This article is about biophysical economics. For the study of the dynamics of natural resources using economic models, see Bioeconomics (fisheries). Part of a series onEcological economicsHumanity's economic system viewed as a subsystem of the global environment Concepts Carbon fee and dividend Carrying capacity Ecological market failure Ecological model of competition Ecosystem services Embodied energy Energy accounting Entropy pessimism Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare Natural capital Spaceship Earth Steady-state economy Sustainability, 'weak' vs 'strong' Uneconomic growth People Serhiy Podolynsky Frederick Soddy Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen Kenneth E. Boulding E. F. Schumacher Robert Ayres Herman Daly Joan Martinez Alier Richard B. Norgaard Robert Costanza Tim Jackson Clive Spash Organizations: International Society for Ecological Economics Works Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt The Entropy Law and the Economic Process The Limits to Growth Small Is Beautiful Prosperity Without Growth Ecological Economics (journal) Related topics Degrowth Eco-investing Eco-socialism Environmental economics Externality Green politics Planetary boundaries Post-growth Sustainable finance Thermodynamics Thermoeconomics vteThis article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details. (May 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Thermoeconomics, also referred to as biophysical economics, is a school of heterodox economics that applies the laws of statistical mechanics to economic theory. Thermoeconomics can be thought of as the statistical physics of economic value and is a subfield of econophysics. It is the study of the ways and means by which human societies procure and use energy and other biological and physical resources to produce, distribute, consume and exchange goods and services, while generating various types of waste and environmental impacts. Biophysical economics builds on both social sciences and natural sciences to overcome some of the most fundamental limitations and blind spots of conventional economics. It makes it possible to understand some key requirements and framework conditions for economic growth, as well as related constraints and boundaries. Thermodynamics "Rien ne se perd, rien ne se crée, tout se transforme" "Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed." -Antoine Lavoisier, one of the fathers of chemistryThermoeconomists maintain that human economic systems can be modeled as thermodynamic systems. Thermoeconomists argue that economic systems always involve matter, energy, entropy, and information. Then, based on this premise, theoretical economic analogs of the first and second laws of thermodynamics are developed. The global economy is viewed as an open system. Moreover, many economic activities result in the formation of structures. Thermoeconomics applies the statistical mechanics of non-equilibrium thermodynamics to model these activities. In thermodynamic terminology, human economic activity may be described as a dissipative system, which flourishes by consuming free energy in transformations and exchange of resources, goods, and services. A comprehensive and accurate model of how real economic systems work. Energy Return on Investment E R O I = Energy returned to society Energy required to get that energy {\displaystyle EROI={\frac {\text{Energy returned to society}}{\text{Energy required to get that energy}}}} Thermoeconomics is based on the proposition that the role of energy in biological evolution should be defined and understood not through the second law of thermodynamics but in terms of such economic criteria as productivity, efficiency, and especially the costs and benefits (or profitability) of the various mechanisms for capturing and utilizing available energy to build biomass and do work. Quality EROI Peak oil Current US/Global Oil/Energy situation. The Y-axis is the production (and availability) of fossil fuels. Political Implications "he escalation of social protest and political instability around the world is causally related to the unstoppable thermodynamics of global hydrocarbon energy decline and its interconnected environmental and economic consequences." Energy Backed Credit Under this analysis, a reduction of GDP in advanced economies is now likely: when we can no longer access consumption via adding credit, and with a shift towards lower quality and more costly energy and resources. The 20th  century experienced increasing energy quality and decreasing energy prices. The 21st century will be a story of decreasing energy quality and increasing energy cost. See also Econophysics Ecodynamics Kinetic exchange models of markets Systems ecology Ecological economics Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen Energy quality Limits to growth Myron Tribus References ^ a b Sieniutycz, Stanislaw; Salamon, Peter (1990). Finite-Time Thermodynamics and Thermoeconomics. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-8448-1668-X. ^ Chen, Jing (2005). The Physical Foundation of Economics - an Analytical Thermodynamic Theory. World Scientific. ISBN 981-256-323-7. ^ "What is biophysical economics?". BiophysEco. 2017-01-23. Retrieved 2022-09-28. ^ Baumgarter, Stefan. (2004). Thermodynamic Models, Modeling in Ecological Economics (Ch. 18) Archived 2009-03-25 at the Wayback Machine ^ Pokrovskii, Vladimir (2020). Thermodynamics of Complex Systems: Principles and applications. IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK. Bibcode:2020tcsp.book.....P. ^ Burley, Peter; Foster, John (1994). Economics and Thermodynamics – New Perspectives on Economic Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0-7923-9446-1. ^ Raine, Alan; Foster, John; Potts, Jason (2006). "The new entropy law and the economic process". Ecological Complexity. 3 (4): 354–360. doi:10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.02.009. ^ Annila, A. and Salthe, S., Arto; Salthe, Stanley (2009). "Economies evolve by energy dispersal". Entropy. 11 (4): 606–633. Bibcode:2009Entrp..11..606A. doi:10.3390/e11040606.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ^ Peter A. Corning 1*, Stephen J. Kline. (2000). Thermodynamics, information and life revisited, Part II: Thermoeconomics and Control information Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Apr. 07, Volume 15, Issue 6, Pages 453 – 482 ^ Corning, P. (2002). "Thermoeconomics – Beyond the Second Law Archived 2008-09-22 at the Wayback Machine" ^ Ahmed, Nafeez Mosaddeq (2017). Failing states, collapsing systems : biophysical triggers of political violence. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-47816-6. OCLC 965142394. ^ Hagens, N. J. (2020-03-01). "Economics for the future – Beyond the superorganism". Ecological Economics. 169: 106520. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106520. ISSN 0921-8009. S2CID 212882790. Further reading Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas (1971). The Entropy Law and the Economic Process. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-1583486009. Pokrovskii, Vladimir (2011). Econodynamics. The Theory of Social Production. New Economic Windows. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-9364-9. Kümmel, Reiner (2011). The Second Law of Economics: Energy, Entropy, and the Origins of Wealth. The Frontiers Collection. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-2095-4. Chen, Jing (2015). The Unity of Science and Economics: A New Foundation of Economic Theory: Springer. Charles A.S. Hall, Kent Klitgaard (2018). Energy and the Wealth of Nations: An Introduction to Biophysical Economics: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-66217-6 Jean-Marc Jancovici, Christopher Blain (2020). World Without End. Europe Comics N.J. Hagens (2019). Economics for the future – Beyond the superorganism. Science Direct. Nafeez Ahmed (2017). Failing States, Collapsing Systems: BioPhysical Triggers of Political Violence. Springer Briefs in Energy Smil, Vaclav (2018). Energy and Civilization: A History. MIT Press External links Yuri Yegorov, article Econo-physics: A Perspective of Matching Two Sciences, Evol. Inst. Econ. Rev. 4(1): 143–170 (2007) Borisas Cimbleris (1998): Economy and Thermodynamics Schwartzman, David. (2007). "The Limits to Entropy: the Continuing Misuse of Thermodynamics in Environmental and Marxist theory", In Press, Science & Society. Saslow, Wayne M. (1999). "An Economic Analogy to Thermodynamics" American Association of Physics Teachers. Biophysical Economics Institute vteSchools of economic thoughtPre-modern Ancient schools Medieval Islamic Scholasticism Modern eraEarly modern Cameralism Mercantilism Physiocrats School of Salamanca Late modern American (National) Anarchist Mutualism Austrian Birmingham Classical Ricardian Distributist English historical French Liberal Georgism German historical Malthusian Manchester Marginalism Marxist economics Marxian critique of political economy Neoclassical Lausanne Socialist Contemporary(20th and21st centuries) Behavioral Buddhist Capability approach Carnegie Chartalism Modern Monetary Theory Chicago Constitutional Cracovian Disequilibrium Ecological Evolutionary Feminist Freiburg Institutional Keynesian Neo- Neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis New Post- Circuitism Keynes–Marx synthesis Monetarism Market Neo-Malthusian Neo-Marxian Neo-Ricardian Neo-Schumpeterian Neoliberalism New classical Rational expectations theory Real business-cycle theory New institutional New neoclassical synthesis Organizational Public choice Regulation Saltwater/freshwater Stockholm Structuralist Supply-side Thermoeconomics Virginia Social credit Related Critique of political economy History of economic thought History of macroeconomic thought Economics Political economy Mainstream economics Heterodox economics Post-autistic economics Degrowth World-systems theory Economic systems
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bioeconomics (fisheries)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioeconomics_(fisheries)"},{"link_name":"heterodox economics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterodox_economics"},{"link_name":"laws of statistical mechanics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Sieniutycz-1"},{"link_name":"statistical physics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_physics"},{"link_name":"economic value","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_theory"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"econophysics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econophysics"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"This article is about biophysical economics. For the study of the dynamics of natural resources using economic models, see Bioeconomics (fisheries).Thermoeconomics, also referred to as biophysical economics, is a school of heterodox economics that applies the laws of statistical mechanics to economic theory.[1] Thermoeconomics can be thought of as the statistical physics of economic value[2] and is a subfield of econophysics.It is the study of the ways and means by which human societies procure and use energy and other biological and physical resources to produce, distribute, consume and exchange goods and services, while generating various types of waste and environmental impacts. Biophysical economics builds on both social sciences and natural sciences to overcome some of the most fundamental limitations and blind spots of conventional economics. It makes it possible to understand some key requirements and framework conditions for economic growth, as well as related constraints and boundaries.[3]","title":"Thermoeconomics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Antoine Lavoisier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier"},{"link_name":"economic systems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_system"},{"link_name":"thermodynamic systems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_system"},{"link_name":"matter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter"},{"link_name":"energy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy"},{"link_name":"entropy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy"},{"link_name":"information","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Baumarter-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"first","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_law_of_thermodynamics"},{"link_name":"second","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"open system","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_system_(systems_theory)"},{"link_name":"structures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_structure"},{"link_name":"non-equilibrium thermodynamics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-equilibrium_thermodynamics"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Sieniutycz-1"},{"link_name":"dissipative system","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissipative_structures"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Energy-and-economics1.png"}],"text":"\"Rien ne se perd, rien ne se crée, tout se transforme\"\n\"Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed.\"\n\n-Antoine Lavoisier, one of the fathers of chemistryThermoeconomists maintain that human economic systems can be modeled as thermodynamic systems. Thermoeconomists argue that economic systems always involve matter, energy, entropy, and information.[4][5] Then, based on this premise, theoretical economic analogs of the first and second laws of thermodynamics are developed.[6] The global economy is viewed as an open system.Moreover, many economic activities result in the formation of structures. Thermoeconomics applies the statistical mechanics of non-equilibrium thermodynamics to model these activities.[1] In thermodynamic terminology, human economic activity may be described as a dissipative system, which flourishes by consuming free energy in transformations and exchange of resources, goods, and services.[7][8]A comprehensive and accurate model of how real economic systems work.","title":"Thermodynamics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"energy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy"},{"link_name":"biological evolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_evolution"},{"link_name":"second law of thermodynamics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics"},{"link_name":"productivity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productivity"},{"link_name":"efficiency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_efficiency"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"dubious","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement"},{"link_name":"discuss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Thermoeconomics#Dubious"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Balloon_graph_representing_quality_EROI.png"}],"text":"E\n R\n O\n I\n =\n \n \n Energy returned to society\n Energy required to get that energy\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle EROI={\\frac {\\text{Energy returned to society}}{\\text{Energy required to get that energy}}}}Thermoeconomics is based on the proposition that the role of energy in biological evolution should be defined and understood not through the second law of thermodynamics but in terms of such economic criteria as productivity, efficiency, and especially the costs and benefits (or profitability) of the various mechanisms for capturing and utilizing available energy to build biomass and do work.[9][10][dubious – discuss]Quality EROI","title":"Energy Return on Investment"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Current_U.S._and_Global_Oil,Energy_Situation.jpg"}],"text":"Current US/Global Oil/Energy situation. The Y-axis is the production (and availability) of fossil fuels.","title":"Peak oil"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"sub_title":"Political Implications","text":"\"[T]he escalation of social protest and political instability around the world is causally related to the unstoppable thermodynamics of global hydrocarbon energy decline and its interconnected environmental and economic consequences.\"[11]","title":"Peak oil"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"sub_title":"Energy Backed Credit","text":"Under this analysis, a reduction of GDP in advanced economies is now likely:when we can no longer access consumption via adding credit, and\nwith a shift towards lower quality and more costly energy and resources.The 20th  century experienced increasing energy quality and decreasing energy prices. The 21st century will be a story of decreasing energy quality and increasing energy cost.[12]","title":"Peak oil"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Entropy Law and the Economic Process","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/entropylawe00nich"},{"link_name":"Harvard University Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University_Press"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1583486009","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1583486009"},{"link_name":"Econodynamics. The Theory of Social Production","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.springer.com/physics/complexity/book/978-94-007-2095-4"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-4419-9364-9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4419-9364-9"},{"link_name":"The Second Law of Economics: Energy, Entropy, and the Origins of Wealth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.springer.com/physics/complexity/book/978-1-4419-9364-9"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-94-007-2095-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-007-2095-4"},{"link_name":"The Unity of Science and Economics: A New Foundation of Economic Theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.springer.com/us/book/9781493934645"},{"link_name":"Energy and the Wealth of Nations: An Introduction to Biophysical Economics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-66219-0"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-3-319-66217-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-66217-6"},{"link_name":"World Without End","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.europecomics.com/world-without-end-a-necessary-graphic-novel/"},{"link_name":"Economics for the future – Beyond the superorganism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800919310067"},{"link_name":"Failing States, Collapsing Systems: BioPhysical Triggers of Political Violence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.academia.edu/34816514/Failing_States_Collapsing_Systems_BioPhysical_Triggers_of_Political_Violence_SPRINGER_BRIEFS_IN_ENERGY_"},{"link_name":"Energy and Civilization: A History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//mitpress.mit.edu/9780262536165/energy-and-civilization/"}],"text":"Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas (1971). The Entropy Law and the Economic Process. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-1583486009.\nPokrovskii, Vladimir (2011). Econodynamics. The Theory of Social Production. New Economic Windows. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-9364-9.\nKümmel, Reiner (2011). The Second Law of Economics: Energy, Entropy, and the Origins of Wealth. The Frontiers Collection. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-2095-4.\nChen, Jing (2015). The Unity of Science and Economics: A New Foundation of Economic Theory: Springer.\nCharles A.S. Hall, Kent Klitgaard (2018). Energy and the Wealth of Nations: An Introduction to Biophysical Economics: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-66217-6\nJean-Marc Jancovici, Christopher Blain (2020). World Without End. Europe Comics\nN.J. Hagens (2019). Economics for the future – Beyond the superorganism. Science Direct.\nNafeez Ahmed (2017). Failing States, Collapsing Systems: BioPhysical Triggers of Political Violence. Springer Briefs in Energy\nSmil, Vaclav (2018). Energy and Civilization: A History. MIT Press","title":"Further reading"}]
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Retrieved 2022-09-28.","urls":[{"url":"https://biophyseco.org/biophysical-economics/what-is-biophysical-economics/","url_text":"\"What is biophysical economics?\""}]},{"reference":"Pokrovskii, Vladimir (2020). Thermodynamics of Complex Systems: Principles and applications. IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK. Bibcode:2020tcsp.book.....P.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020tcsp.book.....P","url_text":"2020tcsp.book.....P"}]},{"reference":"Burley, Peter; Foster, John (1994). Economics and Thermodynamics – New Perspectives on Economic Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0-7923-9446-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7923-9446-1","url_text":"0-7923-9446-1"}]},{"reference":"Raine, Alan; Foster, John; Potts, Jason (2006). \"The new entropy law and the economic process\". Ecological Complexity. 3 (4): 354–360. doi:10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.02.009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ecocom.2007.02.009","url_text":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.02.009"}]},{"reference":"Annila, A. and Salthe, S., Arto; Salthe, Stanley (2009). \"Economies evolve by energy dispersal\". Entropy. 11 (4): 606–633. Bibcode:2009Entrp..11..606A. doi:10.3390/e11040606.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fe11040606","url_text":"\"Economies evolve by energy dispersal\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Entrp..11..606A","url_text":"2009Entrp..11..606A"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fe11040606","url_text":"10.3390/e11040606"}]},{"reference":"Ahmed, Nafeez Mosaddeq (2017). Failing states, collapsing systems : biophysical triggers of political violence. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-47816-6. OCLC 965142394.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/965142394","url_text":"Failing states, collapsing systems : biophysical triggers of political violence"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-47816-6","url_text":"978-3-319-47816-6"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/965142394","url_text":"965142394"}]},{"reference":"Hagens, N. J. (2020-03-01). \"Economics for the future – Beyond the superorganism\". Ecological Economics. 169: 106520. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106520. ISSN 0921-8009. S2CID 212882790.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ecolecon.2019.106520","url_text":"\"Economics for the future – Beyond the superorganism\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ecolecon.2019.106520","url_text":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106520"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0921-8009","url_text":"0921-8009"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:212882790","url_text":"212882790"}]},{"reference":"Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas (1971). The Entropy Law and the Economic Process. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Duffield_Harding
James Duffield Harding
["1 Life","2 Bibliography and references","3 Sources","4 External links"]
British landscape painter (1798–1863) For other people named James Harding, see James Harding (disambiguation). James Duffield HardingPortrait of James Duffield Harding (c. 1840) by Henry Perronet BriggsBorn1798DeptfordDied(1863-12-04)4 December 1863NationalityBritishKnown forlandscape painter James Duffield Harding (1798 – 4 December 1863) was a British landscape painter, lithographer and author of drawing manuals. His use of tinted papers and opaque paints in watercolour proved influential. Life Harding was born at Deptford in 1798, the son of a drawing-master who had been a pupil of Paul Sandby. He was taught perspective by his father and had lessons from Samuel Prout. At the age of thirteen he exhibited two drawings of buildings in the style of Prout at the Royal Academy. He was apprenticed to the engraver Charles Pye, but left him after only a year to concentrate on painting watercolours, and when he was 18 he was awarded a silver medal by the Society of Arts. In 1818 he showed with the Society of Painters in Watercolours, (known as the "Old Watercolour Society or OWCS from 1831) for first time. He was to contribute to its exhibitions for the rest of his life. He was elected an associate of the society in 1820 and a full member in 1821. In 1843 he took up oil painting, and exhibited many landscapes in that medium at the Royal Academy. In 1847 he resigned his membership of the OWCS , hoping to be elected a member of the academy; but, after nine years without success, he withdrew his candidature, and was re-elected to the OWCS. Elm and Birch From an early on in his career Harding was a successful and popular teacher. When lithography became popular in Britain, he quickly adopted it as a means of reproducing good examples for the use of pupils and students. His first productions were drawing-books, consisting of pencil sketches and studies of trees; they were printed in tints with two stones, allowing the reproduction of more elaborate drawings. His Sketches at Home and Abroad, a series of fifty plates using this method, was published in 1836. In 1841 he published The Park and the Forest, a set of sketches drawn on the stone with a brush instead of the crayon, a technique of his own invention which he called "lithotint". His other lithographic works included A Series of Subjects from the Works of R. P. Bonington (1829–30); Recollections of India (1847, from drawings by C. S. Hardinge) and Picturesque Selections (1861). In 1830, Harding exhibited a series of Italian views sketched on papers of various colours and textures, the style of which was widely imitated. His use of opaque body colourin watercolour, following the example set by J. M. W. Turner, also proved influential. His drawings were praised by John Ruskin in Modern Painters. From the 1830s a range of papers was produced under the name of "JDH pure drawing paper", initially for Winsor and Newton. The papers, which proved popular amongst both amateur and professional artists, and which Harding used himself, were produced in white, and in shades of cream, buff and grey. They were marketed until around 1910. Winsor and Newton also produced pencils under Harding's name. In Barnham Marshes Harding was a prolific author of educational manuals, and his Lessons on Art, Guide and Companion to Lessons on Art, Elementary Art, or the Use of the Chalk and Lead Pencil advocated and explained, and The Principles and Practice of Art, were widely used both in Britain and abroad. His Drawing Models and Their Uses (1854) describes the use of a range of solid forms which he prepared and marketed. He was described by Gilbert Redgrave in A History of Water Colour Painting in England as "a skilful and rapid draughtsman, though somewhat mannered, and rarely rising above the commonplace." He died at Barnes, on 4 December 1863, and was buried in Brompton Cemetery. Bibliography and references ^ a b c d e f g h i j O'Donoghue, Freeman Marius (1885–1900). "Harding, James Duffield". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. ^ "Watercolour societies". The Oxford Companion to Turner. Oxford University Press. 2001. pp. 371– 2. ISBN 9780198600251. ^ Bower, Peter (1999). Turner's Later Papers. Tate Gallery. ISBN 1-85437-295-5. ^ a b Redgrave, Gilbert R. (1892). A History of Water Colour Painting in England. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. p. 197. Sources  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney, eds. (1890). "Harding, James Duffield". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 24. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 336–7. Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Harding, James Duffield" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to James Duffield Harding. Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Harding, James Duffield". J D Harding online (ArtCyclopedia – 10 October 2010) J D Harding's Illustrations (Victorian Web – 10 October 2010) Paintings by J D Harding (Bridgeman Art Library) Works by J. D. Harding at Project Gutenberg Works by or about James Duffield Harding at Internet Archive The Church at Polignac., engraved by Thomas Higham for Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1837 with a poetical illustration by Letitia Elizabeth Landon. Hurdwar—The Gate of Vishnoo., engraved by Frederick James Havell with a poetical illustration by Letitia Elizabeth Landon. Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Norway Spain France BnF data Catalonia Germany Italy Israel United States Czech Republic Australia Greece Croatia Netherlands Poland Vatican Artists Auckland South Australia Scientific illustrators KulturNav Musée d'Orsay National Gallery of Canada RKD Artists ULAN People Deutsche Biographie Trove Other SNAC IdRef Te Papa (New Zealand)
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"James Harding (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Harding_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"landscape painter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_art"}],"text":"For other people named James Harding, see James Harding (disambiguation).James Duffield Harding (1798 – 4 December 1863) was a British landscape painter, lithographer and author of drawing manuals. His use of tinted papers and opaque paints in watercolour proved influential.","title":"James Duffield Harding"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Deptford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deptford"},{"link_name":"Paul Sandby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Sandby"},{"link_name":"Samuel Prout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Prout"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dnb-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dnb-1"},{"link_name":"Charles Pye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Pye_(engraver)"},{"link_name":"Society of Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Arts"},{"link_name":"Society of Painters in Watercolours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Painters_in_Watercolours"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dnb-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dnb-1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_Duffield_Harding06.jpg"},{"link_name":"lithography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithography"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dnb-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dnb-1"},{"link_name":"body colourin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_colour"},{"link_name":"J. M. W. Turner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._W._Turner"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dnb-1"},{"link_name":"John Ruskin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ruskin"},{"link_name":"Modern Painters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Painters"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dnb-1"},{"link_name":"Winsor and Newton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winsor_and_Newton"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_Duffield_Harding00.jpg"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dnb-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-redgrave-4"},{"link_name":"Gilbert Redgrave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Redgrave"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-redgrave-4"},{"link_name":"Barnes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes,_Surrey"},{"link_name":"Brompton Cemetery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brompton_Cemetery"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dnb-1"}],"text":"Harding was born at Deptford in 1798, the son of a drawing-master who had been a pupil of Paul Sandby. He was taught perspective by his father and had lessons from Samuel Prout.[1] At the age of thirteen he exhibited two drawings of buildings in the style of Prout at the Royal Academy.[1]He was apprenticed to the engraver Charles Pye, but left him after only a year to concentrate on painting watercolours, and when he was 18 he was awarded a silver medal by the Society of Arts. In 1818 he showed with the Society of Painters in Watercolours,[1] (known as the \"Old Watercolour Society or OWCS from 1831)[2] for first time. He was to contribute to its exhibitions for the rest of his life. He was elected an associate of the society in 1820 and a full member in 1821. In 1843 he took up oil painting, and exhibited many landscapes in that medium at the Royal Academy. In 1847 he resigned his membership of the OWCS , hoping to be elected a member of the academy; but, after nine years without success, he withdrew his candidature, and was re-elected to the OWCS.[1]Elm and BirchFrom an early on in his career Harding was a successful and popular teacher. When lithography became popular in Britain, he quickly adopted it as a means of reproducing good examples for the use of pupils and students. His first productions were drawing-books, consisting of pencil sketches and studies of trees; they were printed in tints with two stones, allowing the reproduction of more elaborate drawings. His Sketches at Home and Abroad, a series of fifty plates using this method, was published in 1836. In 1841 he published The Park and the Forest, a set of sketches drawn on the stone with a brush instead of the crayon, a technique of his own invention which he called \"lithotint\". His other lithographic works included A Series of Subjects from the Works of R. P. Bonington (1829–30); Recollections of India (1847, from drawings by C. S. Hardinge) and Picturesque Selections (1861).[1]In 1830, Harding exhibited a series of Italian views sketched on papers of various colours and textures, the style of which was widely imitated.[1] His use of opaque body colourin watercolour, following the example set by J. M. W. Turner, also proved influential.[1] His drawings were praised by John Ruskin in Modern Painters.[1] From the 1830s a range of papers was produced under the name of \"JDH pure drawing paper\", initially for Winsor and Newton. The papers, which proved popular amongst both amateur and professional artists, and which Harding used himself, were produced in white, and in shades of cream, buff and grey. They were marketed until around 1910. Winsor and Newton also produced pencils under Harding's name.[3]In Barnham MarshesHarding was a prolific author of educational manuals, and his Lessons on Art, Guide and Companion to Lessons on Art, Elementary Art, or the Use of the Chalk and Lead Pencil advocated and explained, and The Principles and Practice of Art, were widely used both in Britain and abroad.[1] His Drawing Models and Their Uses (1854) describes the use of a range of solid forms which he prepared and marketed.[4]He was described by Gilbert Redgrave in A History of Water Colour Painting in England as \"a skilful and rapid draughtsman, though somewhat mannered, and rarely rising above the commonplace.\"[4]He died at Barnes, on 4 December 1863, and was buried in Brompton Cemetery.[1]","title":"Life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-dnb_1-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-dnb_1-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-dnb_1-2"},{"link_name":"d","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-dnb_1-3"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-dnb_1-4"},{"link_name":"f","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-dnb_1-5"},{"link_name":"g","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-dnb_1-6"},{"link_name":"h","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-dnb_1-7"},{"link_name":"i","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-dnb_1-8"},{"link_name":"j","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-dnb_1-9"},{"link_name":"O'Donoghue, Freeman Marius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_Marius_O%27Donoghue"},{"link_name":"Harding, James Duffield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Harding,_James_Duffield"},{"link_name":"Dictionary of National Biography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"The Oxford Companion to Turner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_f4d5"},{"link_name":"371","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_f4d5/page/n430"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780198600251","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198600251"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1-85437-295-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85437-295-5"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-redgrave_4-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-redgrave_4-1"},{"link_name":"A History of Water Colour Painting in England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/ahistorywaterco00redggoog"},{"link_name":"197","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/ahistorywaterco00redggoog/page/n214"}],"text":"^ a b c d e f g h i j O'Donoghue, Freeman Marius (1885–1900). \"Harding, James Duffield\". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. \n\n^ \"Watercolour societies\". The Oxford Companion to Turner. Oxford University Press. 2001. pp. 371– 2. ISBN 9780198600251.\n\n^ Bower, Peter (1999). Turner's Later Papers. Tate Gallery. ISBN 1-85437-295-5.\n\n^ a b Redgrave, Gilbert R. (1892). A History of Water Colour Painting in England. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. p. 197.","title":"Bibliography and references"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"public domain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain"},{"link_name":"Stephen, Leslie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Stephen"},{"link_name":"Lee, Sidney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Lee"},{"link_name":"Harding, James Duffield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Harding,_James_Duffield"},{"link_name":"Dictionary of National Biography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography"},{"link_name":"Gilman, D. C.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Coit_Gilman"},{"link_name":"\"Harding, James Duffield\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Harding,_James_Duffield"},{"link_name":"New International Encyclopedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia"}],"text":"This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney, eds. (1890). \"Harding, James Duffield\". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 24. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 336–7.\nGilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). \"Harding, James Duffield\" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.","title":"Sources"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temoaya
Temoaya
["1 History","2 The town","3 Culture","4 Centro Ceremonial Otomí","5 Rug making","6 The municipality","6.1 Geography and climate","6.2 Economy","6.3 Demographics","6.4 Important sites outside the seat","7 References","8 External links"]
Coordinates: 19°28′07″N 99°35′36″W / 19.46861°N 99.59333°W / 19.46861; -99.59333Municipality in State of Mexico, MexicoTemoayaMunicipalityMain plaza of TemoayaCoordinates: 19°28′07″N 99°35′36″W / 19.46861°N 99.59333°W / 19.46861; -99.59333Country MexicoStateState of MexicoMunicipal SeatTemoayaTown Founded1220Municipality Founded1820Government • Municipal PresidentC. Enrique Valdes GarciaElevation (of seat)2,670 m (8,760 ft)Population (2005) Municipality • Municipality77,714 • Seat2,987Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (US Central)) • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (Central)Postal code (of seat)50850Websitehttp://www.temoaya.gob.mx/ Temoaya is a municipality in the State of Mexico, Mexico. It's municipal seat is the town of Temoaya which is the sixth largest town in the municipality. It is located 18 kilometres (11 mi) from Toluca and 85 kilometres (53 mi) from Mexico City. It is known for its large ethnic Otomi population, the Centro Ceremonial Otomí and its tradition of making Persian style rugs using Mexican designs. The name “Temoaya” comes from the Nahuatl phrase “Temoayan” which means “place of descending.” The Aztec glyph which depicts the municipality shows footprints descending a mountain. In local Otomi, the town is called "Nthekunthe" (meeting place between brothers), however more originally the settlement was named "Ndongu" (house of the rock or casa grande, a large public structure) History There have been humans in the Temoaya area since the prehistoric period. Remains from this time such as utensils, tools, human figures and mammoth bones have been found in various parts of the municipality. The Otomi have been living in this area since very far back in the pre-Hispanic era as one of the first ethnicities to live in the Valley of Mexico and northern Toluca Valley. There are archeological remains from this culture that date back at least as far as the pre-Classic era. Intense population of the Toluca Valley dates back to the 12th century, with the settlement of the Xiquipilco or Jiquipilco el Viejo site antecedent to modern Temoaya. No documents from this era survive but it is likely that modern Temoaya was the result of a division of Xiquipilco as it existed when the Aztecs came to the area at the end of the 15th century. The Otomis of this region gained a reputation as fierce warriors over the pre-Hispanic period, fighting off the Toltecs, the Chichimecas under Xolotl and the Aztecs in the 15th century. Among the Aztecs, the Otomi also had a reputation of being barbarous, polygamous and sexually immoral. The Otomis of Xiquipilco fought against the Purépecha in 1462. Oral tradition states that until 1478, Tlilcuetzpalin, lord of the Otomi, defended the area from Aztec invasion, wounding Aztec emperor Axayacatl in battle. The Otomi here were conquered in 1486 by Ahuizotl, but chafed under Aztec rule, occasionally scheming with the Purépecha to try and wrest more Sovereignty. During the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Otomi here sided with the Spanish. The first contact with the Spanish came in 1521, when Gonzalo de Sandoval was fighting against the Matlatzincas. Shortly the conquest, Frair Alonso Antonio Rangel began evangelization efforts in the area. The church established in Temoaya was dedicated to the Saint James. The area became part of the encomienda of Pedro Núñez, who divided much of the land into haciendas for other Spaniards. The Spanish town of Temoaya was officially founded in 1593, although the population center for the area remained at Xiquipilco for some time. Facade of the Sanctuary of Señor Santiago In the mid 16th century, Temoaya belonged to the jurisdiction of Xiquipilco although it had its own town council. By the end of the century, the area became an independent jurisdiction with old Xiquipilco completely abandoned. (The municipality now known as Jiquipilco was known in early colonial times as San Juan. The raising of livestock on large haciendas made the areas one of the more prosperous in the areas, supplying much of the meat consumed in Mexico City. The Buenavista Hacienda alone extended over 4,000 hectares in the 17th century. Until 1720, Temoaya was grouped ecclesiastically with San Juan (today Jiquipilco) and other towns. During that year, the church in Temoaya was granted parish status. This parish would roughly be the territory the municipality is now. During the Mexican War of Independence, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla passed through Temoaya after the Battle of Monte de las Cruces. The municipality was erected in 1820 under the Cadiz Constitution. After Independence, authorities were elected by the municipal residents. The municipality was refounded in 1870 when Mexico State lost a significant part of its territory to the states of Guerrero, Morelos and Hidalgo. Economic and political turmoil during the rule of Porfirio Díaz forced many from Temoaya to move to Toluca, but most would return to Temoaya after the Mexican Revolution . During the Mexican Revolution, a number of armed groups struggled over the territory. In 1914, a Zapatista group sacked areas of the municipality. After this event, 100 volunteers banded together under Higinio Guadarramo and Melesio Arzate to defend the town. From the end of hostilities through most of the rest of the 20th century, much of the town's public works were undertaken. The production of hand-knotted rugs began here in 1970.(encmuc) Prior to rugmaking, the municipality had a reputation for weaving, making pre-Hispanic garments such as ayates, sashes, chincuetes and sarapes on backstrap looms. Today, Temoaya is considered to be a center of the Otomi people as it has the most people of this ethnicity in Mexico State. In 1980, the Otomi Ceremonial Center was constructed in the municipality to preserve traditions and preserve Otomi identity. The town Looking in the direction of the church from the plaza The town and seat of the municipality is the center of commerce for the area, providing basic needs such as food, tools, hardware, paper, sewing supplies, clothes and other items. Much of the commerce is done by sidewalk vendors and the weekly tianguis on Sundays is important, as the seat does not have a permanent market. Local dishes such as barbacoa, chicharrón, carnitas and others are mostly available during the Sunday market. The center of the town in a large plaza, which is surrounded by many old adobe houses with red tile roofs. Away from the main square, many of the buildings date from the 19th century. Image of Señor Santiago The main church or the Sanctuary of Señor Santiago is just north of the plaza. The main nave of the church was begun in the 16th century by the Franciscans who came to evangelize the area. The church suffered a fire at the end of the 16th century. The main feature of the church is a very large equestrian sculpture of Saint James the Moor-slayer, which is the only one of its kind in Latin America, due to its size and age. It was carved by indigenous carvers in the early colonial period and has pre-Hispanic elements. Because of the importance of this image and the pilgrims it attracts, the church received the title of “sanctuary” in 1986 This church is the main one for the municipality, complemented by smaller ones in communities such as San Pedro Arriba, La Magdalena Tenexpan, San Diego Alcalá and San Lorenzo Oyamel. The lienzo charro or charreada ring is the property of the Asociacion de Charros de Temoaya. It was constructed between 1982 and 1996. The major event to take place here is the annual commemoration of the Day of the Charro on 14 September. In addition to charreada, the ring also hosts events such as lucha libre, boxing and political events The town has bus service from Cuatro Caminos in Mexico City. Culture The base of the culture here is the significant Otomi population. Many of these people can be identified, especially during festivals wearing traditional clothing, which for women is heavily embroidered. The patron saint of the seat and municipality is Saint James, locally called Señor Santiago, whose feast day is 25 July. Traditional dances featuring locally designed sarapes are performed accompanied by drums and violins. The most common dance is called the Danza de Pastoras, related to the caring of livestock. Pre-Hispanic dance in costume, such as “santigueros” and “concheros” are also performed. On major holidays, charreadas are performed. Another important commemoration for the Otomi population is the “moshte” which is related to the harvest. It is related to Day of the Dead. During this and other ethnic Otomi celebrations music such as Chimarecú, Naki ma Tosho, Njú and Rosa María are played, but this tradition is in danger of disappearing. Centro Ceremonial Otomí Panorama of the Otomi Ceremonial Center. Statues at Otomi Ceremonial Center. Road leading to Entrance to the Otomi Ceremonial Center (seen in the background). Just outside the municipal seat is the Centro Ceremonial Otomí or Otomi Ceremonial Center. This center is the result of efforts to create a recognized space to preserve and promote the Otomi culture. These efforts were begun in 1977 on the part of Otomi elders and some local ejidos. The foundation was formally established in 1980 and construction of the monumental facility began in 1988. The site and organization aims to recreate Otomi ceremonies of centuries past even though the written and archeological evidence as to what they were is scarce. On the second Sunday of each month, a ritual is performed there to honor the elements of earth, air, fire, and water, as well as to supplicate to the gods with offerings. This ritual is headed by the members of the Otomi Supreme Council. The complex is constructed on a mountain called Cerro La Catedral. The entrance of the center has a sculpture of a warrior of the Botzanga Otomi who fought against the Aztec emperor Axayacatl. The first plaza is called the Plaza del Coloso (Plaza of the Colossus), and is named after a giant figure of Tahaay, the lord messenger of fire and life. At the back is a mural of Da-mishi, the jaguar that walks and talks done by Luis de Aragón. Ascending the hill is the Glorieta del Centinela (Roundabout of the Sentinel) to which indications of the four cardinal directions meet. Next is the Plaza del Sagitario, the main one, which is surrounded by 45 enormous sculptures that act as guards. This plaza also features the Assembly Hall, with its seven columns. These total 52, the number of years on the Aztec calendar. This building houses the Otomi Supreme Council, and the seven columns are thought to be associated with the seven musical notes, the seven colors of the rainbow, and the seven days of the week. At the most elevated spot are twelve silos or cones, each representing a generation of Otomis on which is a sculpture of Tata Jiade, the Sun. While the construction is meant to reflect Otomi culture before the 9th century CE and Nahua influence, this latter influence is acknowledged by an image of Quetzalcoatl. The Otomi Ceremonial Center has a small teaching museum with a permanent exhibition of artifacts, history of the Otomi people, and past and present crafts. This museum is called the "Nguu Ro Ya Hnhnu" ("Museum of the Otomi Culture"). The complex is located on an ecological reserve called the Otomi-Mexico State Park. This park extends over 50 hectares (120 acres), most of which is covered in pine, oyamel, and holm oak forest. This part of the ceremonial center has camping and hiking facilities. The complex is notable for having appeared in the James Bond film Licence to Kill (1989), as well as a Sofi Tukker music video for "Swing". Rug making Rug display at the Centro Artesannal Tapetes Mexicanos The municipality is also known for the making is Persian-style handknotted rugs. The making of these rugs was begun in 1968 with the aim of creating jobs in the region. It was initially sponsored by the Bank of Mexico; later the project was funded by the State of Mexico. This project was later abandoned due to poor management, but families here continued to make the rugs on their own. In 1999, a new organization, Sociedad Cooperativa de Tapetes Anudados a Mano Temoaya (http://tapetestemoaya.com/) took over but remained independent of the government. Although most rugs are made in a community called San Pedro Arriba (5 km from the seat), the cooperative's store, Centro Artesanal “Tapetes Mexicanos” is located in San Pedro Abajo. While the techniques used are that of Oriental rugs, the designs used are indigenous to Mexico. Most are Otomi but designs from other cultures such as those from Chiapas, Nayarit and Guanajuato are also used. Common themes include birds, flowers, geometric figures, elements from natures, as well as magical and religious signs. Approximately one hundred colors are used in forty four basic designs which have 145 variations. The rugs are all hand knotted, mostly by women, using virgin wool which is brought into the municipality from other places. Each square meter takes about forty days to complete. The rugs are knotted on wooden frames which have been strung with heavy duty cotton string to serve as the base. Many of these rugs come with certificates of authenticity and a number have serial numbers worked into the edge of the design. The municipality Geography and climate The town of Temoaya is the governing authority for seventy eight other communities, which together cover an area of 199.63km2. Only about four percent (2987) of the municipal population of 77,714 lives in the town proper. The municipality borders the municipalities of Jiquipilco, Nicolás Romero, Toluca, Otzolotepec, Isidro Fabela, Jilotzingo, Ixtlahuaca and Almoloya de Juárez. The municipality is relatively isolated due to the narrow road leading here from Toluca. The territory of the municipality is divided into parts. The western part is mountainous, part of the Sierra de Monte Alto. This range contains peaks such as the Cerro Gordo, Cerro Los Lobos, Xitoxi, Nepeni and other. The other is relatively flat. Surface water consists of small rivers such as the Miranda, Caballero and Temoaya, with the Lerma River forming one of the municipality's boundaries. Another source of water is fresh water springs such as El Capulín, Caballero, Santiago, Tres Ojuelos and Agua Blanca. There is one dam on the Lerma River in this municipality called the Alzate. The climate is temperate and relatively humid with rains mostly in the summer. Average temperature is 13.4C, ranging between 9 and 35.5C. It is one of the coldest municipalities in the Toluca Valley due to its altitude. Frosts can occur between October and April and morning fog is not uncommon the rest of the year. In the higher elevations there are forest with pine, cedar, oyamel and other trees. In the lower areas there are some broadleaf trees but there are more areas with grass and shrub. Most of the flat areas are cultivated with both field crops and orchards. Very little wildlife remains due to the degradation of most of the ecosystem here. Some small mammals such as squirrels, rabbits and the like remain as well as some bird species. Aquatic life has completely disappeared from the Lerma River area. Economy The main economic activity of the municipality is agriculture, to which about 66% of the territory is dedicated. Eighty eight percent of the land is planted to corn. Other crops include fava beans, maguey, and some fruit trees. Livestock is raised as a complement to agriculture for domestic consumption. The most common animals are turkeys and sheep, especially among the Otomi. This employs about 26.5% of the population. Industry is limited to the production of handcrafts. Some of the wares produced include cheeses, bread, tortillas, brooms, ironing boards, and various wood products. Textiles are prominent and include chincuetes, sarape, wraps, knitted items and embroidery. The main income producer is the making of Persian-style rugs for the national and international market. A cooperative named “Tapetes Mexicanos” consists of about 300 artisans with another 900 working independently. Another craft in the municipality is the making of large clay pots used for the making of mole This type of industry employs about twenty two percent of the population. The rest, 46% work in commerce and services. The trend overall in the municipality has been away from agriculture and towards commerce. In some areas of the municipality, there are deposits of sand, gravel and other construction materials. The remaining forest areas still have logging timber but their harvest is heavily regulated. The municipality has 1,089.7 hectares of surface water with some fish farming practiced, mostly producing trout. The municipality has several attractions suitable for tourism such as fresh water springs. Demographics Temoaya has the highest population of indigenous people in the state of Mexico, with about 38% of the population speaking an indigenous language. The municipality is losing population, with many leaving to work in nearby Mexico City. However, most of these people keep their ties to their home municipality. Only about one percent of the municipality's residents were born somewhere else. Despite, its proximity to Mexico City and Toluca, the municipality is rural with only limited development. Important sites outside the seat The Finca La Venturosa farm was founded by the Colín Castelán family in the 1990s. They acquired the land in 1994, after visiting the area and seeing how ecologically deteriorated it was. They began to rehabilitate the forest area by planting 5,000 trees that first summer. Since then, they have reforested 12.5 of the 14.5 hectares of the farm. They have been working with neighbors to reforest another 21 hectares. This has been sufficient to draw back a number of wild species back to the area. In 1999, they began to build tourist facilities such as a restaurant and cabins as well as playgrounds and a football/basketball court. There are also campgrounds and patrolled hiking paths The San José Buenavista Hacienda was founded in the 16th century mostly for agricultural purposes. Later it added activities such as cattle raising, and cheese and butter making. This was the site of the first primary school for girls in Temoaya. Today, it can be rented for events with its main house and chapel able to accommodate hundreds of people. Other haciendas and farms from the colonial era include Rancho de Cordero, and Rancho de Luna. Xiquilpilco El Viejo (Old Juiquipilco) is an unexplored archeological zone with an ancient teocalli or sacred precinct located from the town of Temoaya. In the area, loose artifacts such as clay figures, arrowheads, pots and more can still be found. It is considered to be the “cradle” of the Otomi by people of the area. The municipality conserves a number of the buildings here as part of the municipality's heritage. The site has the remains of a Catholic church constructed in the 16th century and dedicated to Saint James. References ^ INEGI. "Mapa digital de México" (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. Retrieved 2008-01-28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai "Temoaya". Enciclopedia de los Municipios de Mexico – Estado de México (in Spanish). Mexico: Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal. 2005. Archived from the original on May 28, 2007. Retrieved June 22, 2010. ^ a b c d e f "Anudado de Tapetes Temoaya" (in Spanish). Temoaya, Mexico: Revista Temoaya. May 2009. Archived from the original on July 3, 2010. Retrieved June 22, 2010. ^ a b c d e f g h CONACULTA. "Temoaya, un pueblo con 3,000 años de historia" . Artes e Historia (in Spanish). Mexico. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2010. ^ a b c d e f g "Tapetes de Temoaya" . El Informador (in Spanish). Guadalajara, Mexico. November 22, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2010. ^ a b c d Eduardo Velasco (July 7, 2001). "Temoaya: Tierra de otomies" . Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 14. ^ a b c Gandarilla Avilés, Emilio (December 18, 2009). "Temoaya, espectacular rincón del Estado de México" (in Spanish). Mexico: El Oficio del Historiar. Retrieved June 22, 2010. ^ "Lienzo Charro" (in Spanish). Temoaya, Mexico: Municipality of Temoaya. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2010. ^ a b c d e "Centro Ceremonial Otomi" (in Spanish). Temoaya, Mexico: Municipality of Temoaya. Archived from the original on 2012-06-29. Retrieved 2010-06-22. ^ a b c d e Torres, Heidy (2003-08-30). "Centro Ceremonial Otomi: Preserva historia otomi" . Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 10. ^ a b "INEGI Census 2005" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on April 6, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2010. ^ "Finca La Venturosa" (in Spanish). Temoaya, Mexico: Municipality of Temoaya. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2010. ^ "Hacienda San José Buenavista El Grande" (in Spanish). Temoaya, Mexico: Municipality of Temoaya. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2010. External links Temoaya municipal govt, official site vte State of MexicoToluca (capital)Municipalities Acambay Acolman Aculco Almoloya de Alquisiras Almoloya de Juárez Almoloya del Río Amanalco Amatepec Amecameca Apaxco Atenco Atizapán Atizapán de Zaragoza Atlacomulco Atlautla Axapusco Ayapango Calimaya Capulhuac Chalco de Díaz Covarrubias Chapa de Mota Chapultepec Chiautla Chicoloapan Chiconcuac Chimalhuacán Coacalco de Berriozábal Coatepec Harinas Cocotitlán Coyotepec Cuautitlán Cuautitlán Izcalli Donato Guerra Ecatepec de Morelos Ecatzingo El Oro Huehuetoca Hueypoxtla Huixquilucan Ixtapaluca Ixtapan de la Sal Ixtapan del Oro Ixtlahuaca Jaltenco Jilotepec Jilotzingo Jiquipilco Jocotitlán Joquicingo Juchitepec La Paz Lerma Luvianos Malinalco Melchor Ocampo Metepec Mexicaltzingo Morelos Naucalpan de Juárez Nextlalpan Nezahualcóyotl Nicolás Romero Nopaltepec Ocoyoacac Ocuilan Otumba Otzoloapan Otzolotepec Ozumba Papalotla Polotitlán Rayón San Antonio la Isla San Felipe del Progreso San José del Rincón San Martín de las Pirámides San Mateo Atenco San Simón de Guerrero Santo Tomás Soyaniquilpan de Juárez Sultepec Tecámac Tejuplico Temamatla Temascalapa Temascalcingo Temascaltepec Temoaya Tenancingo de Degollado Tenango del Aire Tenango del Valle Teoloyucan Teotihuacán Tepetlaoxtoc Tepetlixpa Tepotzotlán Tequixquiac Texcaltitlán Texcalyacac Texcoco Tezoyuca Tianguistenco Timilpan Tlalmanalco Tlalnepantla de Baz Tlatlaya Toluca Tonatico Tonanitla Tultepec Tultitlán Valle de Bravo Valle de Chalco Solidaridad Villa de Allende Villa del Carbón Villa Guerrero Villa Victoria Xalatlaco Xonacatlán Zacazonapan Zacualpan Zinacantepec Zumpahuacán Zumpango vteMexican handcrafts and folk artClay and ceramics Mexican ceramics Talavera pottery Ceramics of Jalisco Mata Ortiz pottery Tree of Life Barro Negro pottery Green glazed pottery of Atzompa Pottery of Metepec Soteno family Textiles and other fiber crafts Textiles of Mexico Basketry of Mexico Textiles of Oaxaca Amuzgo textiles Tenango embroidery Mexican rag doll Petate Huipil Rebozo Quechquemitl Paper Piñata Amate Cartonería Miss Lupita project Lupita dolls Crafts towns San Pablito (amate paper) Santa María Atzompa (pottery) San Bartolo Coyotepec (pottery) Ocotlán de Morelos (pottery, blades) San Martín Tilcajete (alebrijes) Santa Clara del Cobre (copper crafts, Punzo family) Teotitlán del Valle (rugs) Temoaya (rugs) Tlalpujahua (Christmas ornaments) Tlaquepaque (pottery) Tonalá, Jalisco (pottery, glass, etc) Tenancingo, State of Mexico (rebozos, basketry, furniture) Crafts, popular art museums and other promotors Museo de Arte Popular National Museum of Mexican Art Museo de la Laca and the Santo Domingo monastery Museo Estatal de Arte Popular de Oaxaca Museo Universitario de Artes Populares María Teresa Pomar Museo Regional de la Ceramica, Tlaquepaque Museo de Trajes Regionales Marta Turok María Teresa Pomar National Pyrotechnic Festival Museo Nacional de la Máscara FONART Ciudadela Market Palm Sunday Handcraft Market Feria Maestros del Arte Artisans see List of Mexican artisans Handcrafts by federal entity Chiapas Guerrero Guanajuato Hidalgo Jalisco Mexico City Michoacán Oaxaca Puebla State of Mexico Tlaxcala Other Mexican lacquerware Mexican mask-folk art Alebrije Piteado Popotillo art Votive paintings of Mexico Huichol art Sawdust carpet Vochol Alfeñique in Mexico Mexican ironwood carvings Traditional copper work in Mexico Mexican handcrafted fireworks Mexican pointy boots Mexico City Alebrije Parade Traditional metal working in Mexico Traditional Mexican handcrafted toys Mexican featherwork Authority control databases: National France BnF data
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Mexico"},{"link_name":"State of Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Mexico"},{"link_name":"Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-INEGI2-1"},{"link_name":"municipal seat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_seat"},{"link_name":"Toluca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluca"},{"link_name":"Mexico City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-anudado-3"},{"link_name":"Nahuatl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahuatl"},{"link_name":"Aztec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_writing"},{"link_name":"glyph","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyph"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"\"Nthekunthe\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/302157/aprendiendo-otomi-temoaya-estado-de-mexico-web.pdf"},{"link_name":"casa grande","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_grande"}],"text":"Municipality in State of Mexico, MexicoTemoaya is a municipality in the State of Mexico, Mexico.[1] It's municipal seat is the town of Temoaya which is the sixth largest town in the municipality. It is located 18 kilometres (11 mi) from Toluca and 85 kilometres (53 mi) from Mexico City. It is known for its large ethnic Otomi population, the Centro Ceremonial Otomí and its tradition of making Persian style rugs using Mexican designs.[2][3]The name “Temoaya” comes from the Nahuatl phrase “Temoayan” which means “place of descending.” The Aztec glyph which depicts the municipality shows footprints descending a mountain.[2] In local Otomi, the town is called \"Nthekunthe\" (meeting place between brothers), however more originally the \nsettlement was named \"Ndongu\" (house of the rock or casa grande, a large public structure)","title":"Temoaya"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Otomi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temoaya_Otomi"},{"link_name":"Valley of Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_of_Mexico"},{"link_name":"Toluca Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluca_Valley"},{"link_name":"pre-Classic era","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_chronology"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"Toltecs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toltec"},{"link_name":"Chichimecas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichimeca"},{"link_name":"Xolotl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xolotl"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pueblo-4"},{"link_name":"Purépecha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_people"},{"link_name":"Axayacatl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axayacatl"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pueblo-4"},{"link_name":"Ahuizotl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahuizotl"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pueblo-4"},{"link_name":"Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pueblo-4"},{"link_name":"Gonzalo de Sandoval","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonzalo_de_Sandoval"},{"link_name":"Matlatzincas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matlatzinca_people"},{"link_name":"Saint James","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_James_the_Moor-slayer"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-taptem-5"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FacadeTemoayaChurch2.JPG"},{"link_name":"Jiquipilco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiquipilco"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pueblo-4"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"Mexican War of Independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence"},{"link_name":"Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla"},{"link_name":"Battle of Monte de las Cruces","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_de_las_Cruces"},{"link_name":"Cadiz Constitution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1812"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"Guerrero","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrero"},{"link_name":"Morelos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morelos"},{"link_name":"Hidalgo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidalgo_(state)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pueblo-4"},{"link_name":"Porfirio Díaz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz"},{"link_name":"Mexican Revolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Revolution"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pueblo-4"},{"link_name":"Zapatista","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_Army_of_the_South"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"ayates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ayate&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"sarapes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarape"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-taptem-5"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"}],"text":"There have been humans in the Temoaya area since the prehistoric period. Remains from this time such as utensils, tools, human figures and mammoth bones have been found in various parts of the municipality. The Otomi have been living in this area since very far back in the pre-Hispanic era as one of the first ethnicities to live in the Valley of Mexico and northern Toluca Valley. There are archeological remains from this culture that date back at least as far as the pre-Classic era. Intense population of the Toluca Valley dates back to the 12th century, with the settlement of the Xiquipilco or Jiquipilco el Viejo site antecedent to modern Temoaya. No documents from this era survive but it is likely that modern Temoaya was the result of a division of Xiquipilco as it existed when the Aztecs came to the area at the end of the 15th century.[2]The Otomis of this region gained a reputation as fierce warriors over the pre-Hispanic period, fighting off the Toltecs, the Chichimecas under Xolotl and the Aztecs in the 15th century. Among the Aztecs, the Otomi also had a reputation of being barbarous, polygamous and sexually immoral.[4] The Otomis of Xiquipilco fought against the Purépecha in 1462. Oral tradition states that until 1478, Tlilcuetzpalin, lord of the Otomi, defended the area from Aztec invasion, wounding Aztec emperor Axayacatl in battle.[2][4] The Otomi here were conquered in 1486 by Ahuizotl, but chafed under Aztec rule, occasionally scheming with the Purépecha to try and wrest more Sovereignty.[2][4]During the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Otomi here sided with the Spanish.[4] The first contact with the Spanish came in 1521, when Gonzalo de Sandoval was fighting against the Matlatzincas. Shortly the conquest, Frair Alonso Antonio Rangel began evangelization efforts in the area. The church established in Temoaya was dedicated to the Saint James. The area became part of the encomienda of Pedro Núñez, who divided much of the land into haciendas for other Spaniards.[2] The Spanish town of Temoaya was officially founded in 1593, although the population center for the area remained at Xiquipilco for some time.[5]Facade of the Sanctuary of Señor SantiagoIn the mid 16th century, Temoaya belonged to the jurisdiction of Xiquipilco although it had its own town council. By the end of the century, the area became an independent jurisdiction with old Xiquipilco completely abandoned. (The municipality now known as Jiquipilco was known in early colonial times as San Juan.[2] The raising of livestock on large haciendas made the areas one of the more prosperous in the areas, supplying much of the meat consumed in Mexico City. The Buenavista Hacienda alone extended over 4,000 hectares in the 17th century.[4]Until 1720, Temoaya was grouped ecclesiastically with San Juan (today Jiquipilco) and other towns. During that year, the church in Temoaya was granted parish status. This parish would roughly be the territory the municipality is now.[2]During the Mexican War of Independence, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla passed through Temoaya after the Battle of Monte de las Cruces. The municipality was erected in 1820 under the Cadiz Constitution. After Independence, authorities were elected by the municipal residents.[2] The municipality was refounded in 1870 when Mexico State lost a significant part of its territory to the states of Guerrero, Morelos and Hidalgo.[4]Economic and political turmoil during the rule of Porfirio Díaz forced many from Temoaya to move to Toluca, but most would return to Temoaya after the Mexican Revolution .[4] During the Mexican Revolution, a number of armed groups struggled over the territory. In 1914, a Zapatista group sacked areas of the municipality. After this event, 100 volunteers banded together under Higinio Guadarramo and Melesio Arzate to defend the town.[2]From the end of hostilities through most of the rest of the 20th century, much of the town's public works were undertaken.[2]The production of hand-knotted rugs began here in 1970.(encmuc) Prior to rugmaking, the municipality had a reputation for weaving, making pre-Hispanic garments such as ayates, sashes, chincuetes and sarapes on backstrap looms.[5]Today, Temoaya is considered to be a center of the Otomi people as it has the most people of this ethnicity in Mexico State. In 1980, the Otomi Ceremonial Center was constructed in the municipality to preserve traditions and preserve Otomi identity.[2]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TemoayaPlaza1.JPG"},{"link_name":"tianguis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianguis"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tierra-6"},{"link_name":"barbacoa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbacoa"},{"link_name":"chicharrón","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicharr%C3%B3n"},{"link_name":"carnitas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnitas"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"adobe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tierra-6"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CaseJamesTemoaya.JPG"},{"link_name":"Franciscans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscans"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tierra-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-olleros-7"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pueblo-4"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-olleros-7"},{"link_name":"San Pedro Arriba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Pedro_Arriba&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"La Magdalena Tenexpan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La_Magdalena_Tenexpan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"San Diego Alcalá","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Diego_Alcal%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"San Lorenzo Oyamel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Lorenzo_Oyamel&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"lienzo charro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lienzo_charro"},{"link_name":"charreada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charreada"},{"link_name":"lucha libre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucha_libre"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lcharro-8"},{"link_name":"Cuatro Caminos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Cuatro_Caminos"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tierra-6"}],"text":"Looking in the direction of the church from the plazaThe town and seat of the municipality is the center of commerce for the area, providing basic needs such as food, tools, hardware, paper, sewing supplies, clothes and other items. Much of the commerce is done by sidewalk vendors and the weekly tianguis on Sundays is important,[2] as the seat does not have a permanent market.[6] Local dishes such as barbacoa, chicharrón, carnitas and others are mostly available during the Sunday market.[2] The center of the town in a large plaza, which is surrounded by many old adobe houses with red tile roofs. Away from the main square, many of the buildings date from the 19th century.[6]Image of Señor SantiagoThe main church or the Sanctuary of Señor Santiago is just north of the plaza. The main nave of the church was begun in the 16th century by the Franciscans who came to evangelize the area.[6][7] The church suffered a fire at the end of the 16th century.[4] The main feature of the church is a very large equestrian sculpture of Saint James the Moor-slayer, which is the only one of its kind in Latin America, due to its size and age. It was carved by indigenous carvers in the early colonial period and has pre-Hispanic elements.[2] Because of the importance of this image and the pilgrims it attracts, the church received the title of “sanctuary” in 1986[7] This church is the main one for the municipality, complemented by smaller ones in communities such as San Pedro Arriba, La Magdalena Tenexpan, San Diego Alcalá and San Lorenzo Oyamel.[2]\nThe lienzo charro or charreada ring is the property of the Asociacion de Charros de Temoaya. It was constructed between 1982 and 1996. The major event to take place here is the annual commemoration of the Day of the Charro on 14 September. In addition to charreada, the ring also hosts events such as lucha libre, boxing and political events[8]The town has bus service from Cuatro Caminos in Mexico City.[6]","title":"The town"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Otomi population","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otomi_people"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-taptem-5"},{"link_name":"concheros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concheros"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"}],"text":"The base of the culture here is the significant Otomi population. Many of these people can be identified, especially during festivals wearing traditional clothing, which for women is heavily embroidered.[2][5]The patron saint of the seat and municipality is Saint James, locally called Señor Santiago, whose feast day is 25 July. Traditional dances featuring locally designed sarapes are performed accompanied by drums and violins. The most common dance is called the Danza de Pastoras, related to the caring of livestock. Pre-Hispanic dance in costume, such as “santigueros” and “concheros” are also performed. On major holidays, charreadas are performed.[2]Another important commemoration for the Otomi population is the “moshte” which is related to the harvest. It is related to Day of the Dead. During this and other ethnic Otomi celebrations music such as Chimarecú, Naki ma Tosho, Njú and Rosa María are played, but this tradition is in danger of disappearing.[2]","title":"Culture"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Otomi_cultural_center_006_by_mexikids.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:StatuesatOtomiCC.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RoadleadingtoOtomiCC.jpg"},{"link_name":"ejidos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejido"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cco-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-preserva-10"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cco-9"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cco-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-preserva-10"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cco-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-preserva-10"},{"link_name":"9th century","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_century"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cco-9"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-preserva-10"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"pine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine"},{"link_name":"oyamel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyamel"},{"link_name":"holm oak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_agrifolia"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-preserva-10"},{"link_name":"camping","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camping"},{"link_name":"hiking","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiking"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"James Bond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bond"},{"link_name":"Licence to Kill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licence_to_Kill"},{"link_name":"Sofi Tukker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofi_Tukker"},{"link_name":"Swing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swing_(Sofi_Tukker_song)"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Panorama of the Otomi Ceremonial Center.Statues at Otomi Ceremonial Center.\nRoad leading to Entrance to the Otomi Ceremonial Center (seen in the background).Just outside the municipal seat is the Centro Ceremonial Otomí or Otomi Ceremonial Center. This center is the result of efforts to create a recognized space to preserve and promote the Otomi culture. These efforts were begun in 1977 on the part of Otomi elders and some local ejidos. The foundation was formally established in 1980 and construction of the monumental facility began in 1988.[9]The site and organization aims to recreate Otomi ceremonies of centuries past even though the written and archeological evidence as to what they were is scarce. On the second Sunday of each month, a ritual is performed there to honor the elements of earth, air, fire, and water, as well as to supplicate to the gods with offerings. This ritual is headed by the members of the Otomi Supreme Council.[10]The complex is constructed on a mountain called Cerro La Catedral. The entrance of the center has a sculpture of a warrior of the Botzanga Otomi who fought against the Aztec emperor Axayacatl.[9] The first plaza is called the Plaza del Coloso (Plaza of the Colossus), and is named after a giant figure of Tahaay, the lord messenger of fire and life. At the back is a mural of Da-mishi, the jaguar that walks and talks done by Luis de Aragón.[9]Ascending the hill is the Glorieta del Centinela (Roundabout of the Sentinel) to which indications of the four cardinal directions meet. Next is the Plaza del Sagitario, the main one, which is surrounded by 45 enormous sculptures that act as guards. This plaza also features the Assembly Hall, with its seven columns. These total 52, the number of years on the Aztec calendar.[10] This building houses the Otomi Supreme Council, and the seven columns are thought to be associated with the seven musical notes, the seven colors of the rainbow, and the seven days of the week.[9]At the most elevated spot are twelve silos or cones, each representing a generation of Otomis on which is a sculpture of Tata Jiade, the Sun.[10] While the construction is meant to reflect Otomi culture before the 9th century CE and Nahua influence, this latter influence is acknowledged by an image of Quetzalcoatl.[9]The Otomi Ceremonial Center has a small teaching museum with a permanent exhibition of artifacts, history of the Otomi people, and past and present crafts.[2] This museum is called the \"Nguu Ro Ya Hnhnu\" (\"Museum of the Otomi Culture\").[10]The complex is located on an ecological reserve called the Otomi-Mexico State Park.[2] This park extends over 50 hectares (120 acres), most of which is covered in pine, oyamel, and holm oak forest.[10] This part of the ceremonial center has camping and hiking facilities.[2] The complex is notable for having appeared in the James Bond film Licence to Kill (1989), as well as a Sofi Tukker music video for \"Swing\".[citation needed]","title":"Centro Ceremonial Otomí"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SampleRugTemoaya.JPG"},{"link_name":"Persian-style handknotted rugs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_carpet"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-taptem-5"},{"link_name":"Bank of Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_Mexico"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-anudado-3"},{"link_name":"http://tapetestemoaya.com/","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//tapetestemoaya.com/"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-anudado-3"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-anudado-3"},{"link_name":"Chiapas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiapas"},{"link_name":"Nayarit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayarit"},{"link_name":"Guanajuato","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanajuato"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-anudado-3"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-taptem-5"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-anudado-3"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-taptem-5"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-taptem-5"}],"text":"Rug display at the Centro Artesannal Tapetes MexicanosThe municipality is also known for the making is Persian-style handknotted rugs.[5] The making of these rugs was begun in 1968 with the aim of creating jobs in the region. It was initially sponsored by the Bank of Mexico; later the project was funded by the State of Mexico.[3] This project was later abandoned due to poor management, but families here continued to make the rugs on their own. In 1999, a new organization, Sociedad Cooperativa de Tapetes Anudados a Mano Temoaya (http://tapetestemoaya.com/) took over but remained independent of the government.[3] Although most rugs are made in a community called San Pedro Arriba (5 km from the seat), the cooperative's store, Centro Artesanal “Tapetes Mexicanos” is located in San Pedro Abajo.[2][3]While the techniques used are that of Oriental rugs, the designs used are indigenous to Mexico. Most are Otomi but designs from other cultures such as those from Chiapas, Nayarit and Guanajuato are also used. Common themes include birds, flowers, geometric figures, elements from natures, as well as magical and religious signs.[3] Approximately one hundred colors are used in forty four basic designs which have 145 variations.[5]\nThe rugs are all hand knotted, mostly by women, using virgin wool which is brought into the municipality from other places.[3][5] Each square meter takes about forty days to complete. The rugs are knotted on wooden frames which have been strung with heavy duty cotton string to serve as the base. Many of these rugs come with certificates of authenticity and a number have serial numbers worked into the edge of the design.[5]","title":"Rug making"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"The municipality"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-INEGI-11"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-INEGI-11"},{"link_name":"Nicolás Romero","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_Nicol%C3%A1s_Romero"},{"link_name":"Otzolotepec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otzolotepec"},{"link_name":"Isidro Fabela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isidro_Fabela,_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Jilotzingo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jilotzingo"},{"link_name":"Ixtlahuaca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixtlahuaca"},{"link_name":"Almoloya de Juárez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almoloya_de_Ju%C3%A1rez"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"Lerma River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerma_River"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"oyamel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyamel"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"}],"sub_title":"Geography and climate","text":"The town of Temoaya is the governing authority for seventy eight other communities,[11] which together cover an area of 199.63km2.[2] Only about four percent (2987) of the municipal population of 77,714 lives in the town proper.[11] The municipality borders the municipalities of Jiquipilco, Nicolás Romero, Toluca, Otzolotepec, Isidro Fabela, Jilotzingo, Ixtlahuaca and Almoloya de Juárez.[2]The municipality is relatively isolated due to the narrow road leading here from Toluca. The territory of the municipality is divided into parts. The western part is mountainous, part of the Sierra de Monte Alto. This range contains peaks such as the Cerro Gordo, Cerro Los Lobos, Xitoxi, Nepeni and other. The other is relatively flat. Surface water consists of small rivers such as the Miranda, Caballero and Temoaya, with the Lerma River forming one of the municipality's boundaries. Another source of water is fresh water springs such as El Capulín, Caballero, Santiago, Tres Ojuelos and Agua Blanca. There is one dam on the Lerma River in this municipality called the Alzate.[2]The climate is temperate and relatively humid with rains mostly in the summer. Average temperature is 13.4C, ranging between 9 and 35.5C. It is one of the coldest municipalities in the Toluca Valley due to its altitude. Frosts can occur between October and April and morning fog is not uncommon the rest of the year.[2]\nIn the higher elevations there are forest with pine, cedar, oyamel and other trees. In the lower areas there are some broadleaf trees but there are more areas with grass and shrub. Most of the flat areas are cultivated with both field crops and orchards. Very little wildlife remains due to the degradation of most of the ecosystem here. Some small mammals such as squirrels, rabbits and the like remain as well as some bird species. Aquatic life has completely disappeared from the Lerma River area.[2]","title":"The municipality"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"fava beans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fava_bean"},{"link_name":"maguey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agave_americana"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-olleros-7"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"}],"sub_title":"Economy","text":"The main economic activity of the municipality is agriculture, to which about 66% of the territory is dedicated. Eighty eight percent of the land is planted to corn. Other crops include fava beans, maguey, and some fruit trees. Livestock is raised as a complement to agriculture for domestic consumption. The most common animals are turkeys and sheep, especially among the Otomi. This employs about 26.5% of the population.[2]Industry is limited to the production of handcrafts. Some of the wares produced include cheeses, bread, tortillas, brooms, ironing boards, and various wood products. Textiles are prominent and include chincuetes, sarape, wraps, knitted items and embroidery. The main income producer is the making of Persian-style rugs for the national and international market. A cooperative named “Tapetes Mexicanos” consists of about 300 artisans with another 900 working independently.[2] Another craft in the municipality is the making of large clay pots used for the making of mole[7] This type of industry employs about twenty two percent of the population. The rest, 46% work in commerce and services. The trend overall in the municipality has been away from agriculture and towards commerce.[2]In some areas of the municipality, there are deposits of sand, gravel and other construction materials. The remaining forest areas still have logging timber but their harvest is heavily regulated. The municipality has 1,089.7 hectares of surface water with some fish farming practiced, mostly producing trout. The municipality has several attractions suitable for tourism such as fresh water springs.[2]","title":"The municipality"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"}],"sub_title":"Demographics","text":"Temoaya has the highest population of indigenous people in the state of Mexico, with about 38% of the population speaking an indigenous language. The municipality is losing population, with many leaving to work in nearby Mexico City. However, most of these people keep their ties to their home municipality. Only about one percent of the municipality's residents were born somewhere else. Despite, its proximity to Mexico City and Toluca, the municipality is rural with only limited development.[2]","title":"The municipality"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-finca-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-buenavista-13"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encmuc-2"}],"sub_title":"Important sites outside the seat","text":"The Finca La Venturosa farm was founded by the Colín Castelán family in the 1990s. They acquired the land in 1994, after visiting the area and seeing how ecologically deteriorated it was. They began to rehabilitate the forest area by planting 5,000 trees that first summer. Since then, they have reforested 12.5 of the 14.5 hectares of the farm. They have been working with neighbors to reforest another 21 hectares. This has been sufficient to draw back a number of wild species back to the area. In 1999, they began to build tourist facilities such as a restaurant and cabins as well as playgrounds and a football/basketball court. There are also campgrounds and patrolled hiking paths[12]The San José Buenavista Hacienda was founded in the 16th century mostly for agricultural purposes. Later it added activities such as cattle raising, and cheese and butter making. This was the site of the first primary school for girls in Temoaya. Today, it can be rented for events with its main house and chapel able to accommodate hundreds of people.[13] Other haciendas and farms from the colonial era include Rancho de Cordero, and Rancho de Luna.[2]Xiquilpilco El Viejo (Old Juiquipilco) is an unexplored archeological zone with an ancient teocalli or sacred precinct located from the town of Temoaya. In the area, loose artifacts such as clay figures, arrowheads, pots and more can still be found. It is considered to be the “cradle” of the Otomi by people of the area. The municipality conserves a number of the buildings here as part of the municipality's heritage. The site has the remains of a Catholic church constructed in the 16th century and dedicated to Saint James.[2]","title":"The municipality"}]
[{"image_text":"Facade of the Sanctuary of Señor Santiago","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/FacadeTemoayaChurch2.JPG/220px-FacadeTemoayaChurch2.JPG"},{"image_text":"Looking in the direction of the church from the plaza","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/TemoayaPlaza1.JPG/220px-TemoayaPlaza1.JPG"},{"image_text":"Image of Señor Santiago","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/CaseJamesTemoaya.JPG/220px-CaseJamesTemoaya.JPG"},{"image_text":"Panorama of the Otomi Ceremonial Center.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Otomi_cultural_center_006_by_mexikids.jpg/500px-Otomi_cultural_center_006_by_mexikids.jpg"},{"image_text":"Statues at Otomi Ceremonial Center.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/StatuesatOtomiCC.jpg/220px-StatuesatOtomiCC.jpg"},{"image_text":"Road leading to Entrance to the Otomi Ceremonial Center (seen in the background).","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/RoadleadingtoOtomiCC.jpg/220px-RoadleadingtoOtomiCC.jpg"},{"image_text":"Rug display at the Centro Artesannal Tapetes Mexicanos","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/SampleRugTemoaya.JPG/220px-SampleRugTemoaya.JPG"}]
null
[{"reference":"INEGI. \"Mapa digital de México\" (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. Retrieved 2008-01-28.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INEGI","url_text":"INEGI"},{"url":"http://gaia.inegi.org.mx/mdm6/?v=bGF0OjIzLjMyMDA4LGxvbjotMTAyLjE0NTY1LHo6MSxsOmMxMTFzZXJ2aWNpb3N8dGMxMTFzZXJ2aWNpb3M=","url_text":"\"Mapa digital de México\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics,_Geography_and_Data_Processing","url_text":"Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática"}]},{"reference":"\"Temoaya\". Enciclopedia de los Municipios de Mexico – Estado de México (in Spanish). Mexico: Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal. 2005. Archived from the original on May 28, 2007. Retrieved June 22, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070528114841/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/mexico/mpios/15087a.htm","url_text":"\"Temoaya\""},{"url":"http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/mexico/mpios/15087a.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Anudado de Tapetes Temoaya\" [Knotted rugs of Temoaya] (in Spanish). Temoaya, Mexico: Revista Temoaya. May 2009. Archived from the original on July 3, 2010. Retrieved June 22, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100703225141/http://www.revistatemoaya.com/2009/05/anudado-de-tapetes-temoaya.html","url_text":"\"Anudado de Tapetes Temoaya\""},{"url":"http://www.revistatemoaya.com/2009/05/anudado-de-tapetes-temoaya.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"CONACULTA. \"Temoaya, un pueblo con 3,000 años de historia\" [Temoaya, a town with 3,000 years of history]. Artes e Historia (in Spanish). Mexico. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110719094601/http://www.arts-history.mx/banco/index.php?id_nota=26102006155957","url_text":"\"Temoaya, un pueblo con 3,000 años de historia\""},{"url":"http://www.arts-history.mx/banco/index.php?id_nota=26102006155957","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Tapetes de Temoaya\" [Rugs of Temoaya]. El Informador (in Spanish). Guadalajara, Mexico. November 22, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.informador.com.mx/suplementos/2008/56613/6/tapetes-de-temoaya.htm","url_text":"\"Tapetes de Temoaya\""}]},{"reference":"Eduardo Velasco (July 7, 2001). \"Temoaya: Tierra de otomies\" [Temoaya:Land of the Otomi]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 14.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Gandarilla Avilés, Emilio (December 18, 2009). \"Temoaya, espectacular rincón del Estado de México\" [Temoaya, a spectacular corner of Mexico State] (in Spanish). Mexico: El Oficio del Historiar. Retrieved June 22, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://eloficiodehistoriar.com.mx/2009/12/18/los-olleros-de-temoaya/","url_text":"\"Temoaya, espectacular rincón del Estado de México\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lienzo Charro\" [Charreada Ring] (in Spanish). Temoaya, Mexico: Municipality of Temoaya. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225634/http://www.temoaya.gob.mx/LCharro.html","url_text":"\"Lienzo Charro\""},{"url":"http://www.temoaya.gob.mx/LCharro.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Centro Ceremonial Otomi\" [Otomi Ceremonial Center] (in Spanish). Temoaya, Mexico: Municipality of Temoaya. Archived from the original on 2012-06-29. Retrieved 2010-06-22.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120629110203/http://www.temoaya.gob.mx/CCO.html","url_text":"\"Centro Ceremonial Otomi\""},{"url":"http://www.temoaya.gob.mx/CCO.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Torres, Heidy (2003-08-30). \"Centro Ceremonial Otomi: Preserva historia otomi\" [Otomi Ceremonial Center:Preserving Otomi history]. Reforma (in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 10.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"INEGI Census 2005\" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on April 6, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130406130712/http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/","url_text":"\"INEGI Census 2005\""},{"url":"http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Finca La Venturosa\" [La Venturosa Farm] (in Spanish). Temoaya, Mexico: Municipality of Temoaya. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225724/http://www.temoaya.gob.mx/Venturosa.html","url_text":"\"Finca La Venturosa\""},{"url":"http://www.temoaya.gob.mx/Venturosa.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Hacienda San José Buenavista El Grande\" (in Spanish). Temoaya, Mexico: Municipality of Temoaya. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225807/http://www.temoaya.gob.mx/HaciendaB.html","url_text":"\"Hacienda San José Buenavista El Grande\""},{"url":"http://www.temoaya.gob.mx/HaciendaB.html","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirko_Giacomo_Nenzi
Mirko Giacomo Nenzi
["1 References"]
Italian speed skater Mirko Giacomo NenziNenzi in 2013Personal informationBorn (1989-11-14) 14 November 1989 (age 34)Venice, ItalyHeight1.76 m (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in)Weight75 kg (165 lb)SportCountry ItalySportSpeed skating Mirko Giacomo Nenzi (born 14 November 1989) is an Italian speed skater. He finished sixth in the men's 1000 metres event at the 2013 World Single Distance Championships. At the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 3 he won a silver medal, again in the 1000 metres. References ^ "NENZI Mirko Giacomo". winteruniversiade2013.sportresult.com. Swiss Timing. Retrieved 7 February 2014. ^ "Essent ISU World Single Distances Championships 2013 Result 1000 m Men". live.isuresults.eu. 2013-03-22. Retrieved 2013-03-24. ^ "Essent ISU World Cup Astana Result 1000 m Men Division A". live.isuresults.eu. 2013-12-30. Retrieved 2013-12-30. This biographical article on a speed skater in Italy is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"speed skater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_skating"},{"link_name":"men's 1000 metres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_World_Single_Distance_Speed_Skating_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_1000_metres"},{"link_name":"2013 World Single Distance Championships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_World_Single_Distance_Speed_Skating_Championships"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_ISU_Speed_Skating_World_Cup_%E2%80%93_World_Cup_3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Mirko Giacomo Nenzi (born 14 November 1989) is an Italian speed skater. He finished sixth in the men's 1000 metres event at the 2013 World Single Distance Championships.[2] At the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 3 he won a silver medal, again in the 1000 metres.[3]","title":"Mirko Giacomo Nenzi"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"NENZI Mirko Giacomo\". winteruniversiade2013.sportresult.com. Swiss Timing. Retrieved 7 February 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://winteruniversiade2013.sportresult.com/eurosport/en/-60/Participant/ParticipantInfo/0044301f-f295-4f04-acaa-cde3785f9f62","url_text":"\"NENZI Mirko Giacomo\""}]},{"reference":"\"Essent ISU World Single Distances Championships 2013 Result 1000 m Men\". live.isuresults.eu. 2013-03-22. Retrieved 2013-03-24.","urls":[{"url":"http://live.isuresults.eu/2012-2013/sochi/r1403.htm","url_text":"\"Essent ISU World Single Distances Championships 2013 Result 1000 m Men\""}]},{"reference":"\"Essent ISU World Cup Astana Result 1000 m Men Division A\". live.isuresults.eu. 2013-12-30. Retrieved 2013-12-30.","urls":[{"url":"http://live.isuresults.eu/2013-2014/astana/r303.htm","url_text":"\"Essent ISU World Cup Astana Result 1000 m Men Division A\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharshana_Gamage
Dharshana Gamage
["1 Career","2 References","3 External links"]
Sri Lankan cricketer Dharshana GamagePersonal informationFull nameHewawasam Gamage Dharshana NayanakanthaBorn (1979-03-02) 2 March 1979 (age 45)Colombo, Sri LankaHeight6 ft 1 in (185 cm)BattingRight-handedBowlingRight-arm fast-mediumRoleBowlerInternational information National sideSri Lanka (2003)ODI debut (cap 116)13 May 2003 v New ZealandLast ODI11 June 2003 v West Indies Career statistics Competition ODI FC LA T20 Matches 3 101 73 10 Runs scored 3 660 153 49 Batting average 3.00 7.50 5.66 16.33 100s/50s 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 Top score 2* 40 28 17* Balls bowled 95 11,216 2894 193 Wickets 2 249 91 8 Bowling average 41.50 26.46 23.71 28.12 5 wickets in innings 0 6 0 0 10 wickets in match 0 0 0 0 Best bowling 1/26 5/37 4/14 2/16 Catches/stumpings 2/– 27/– 17/– 1/–Source: Cricinfo, 9 July 2021 Hewawasam Gamage Dharshana Nayanakantha (born 2 March 1979), either spelt as Dharshana Nayanakantha or Dharshana Gamage, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler. He studied at the Prince of Wales' College, Moratuwa. He is currently serving as the assistant coach of Sri Lanka Emerging cricket team. Career He made his first-class debut playing for Sinhalese Sports Club in the 1998/99 Premier Trophy. He also played for Worcestershire as an overseas player in county cricket in England. In April 2003, Dharshana received his maiden callup to the national team as he was surprisingly included in the squad as an injury replacement for Chaminda Vaas who was ruled out from the remainder of the Cherry Blossom Sharjah Cup 2003. However, he did not play in any of the matches. He made his ODI debut against New Zealand on 13 May 2003 at Dambulla during the 2003 Bank Alfalah Cup. He made his Twenty20 debut on 17 August 2004, for Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club in the 2004 SLC Twenty20 Tournament. References ^ "Dharshana Gamage profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 July 2021. ^ "Head Coach Vaas optimistic of his rising stars". The Sunday Times Sri Lanka. Retrieved 9 July 2021. ^ Ratnaweera, Dhammika. "Sri Lanka Emerging team champions". Daily News. Retrieved 9 July 2021. ^ "SLC to hire Warnapura, Weerakoon, Sudarshana, Hettiarachchi as High Performance Coaches". Cricket Age. 26 December 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2021. ^ "Chaminda Vaas forced out of Sharjah Cup". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 July 2021. ^ "Full Scorecard of New Zealand vs Sri Lanka 3rd Match 2003 - Score Report | ESPNcricinfo.com". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 July 2021. ^ "1st Round, Colombo, Aug 17 2004, Twenty-20 Tournament". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 20 April 2021. External links Dharshana Gamage at ESPNcricinfo This biographical article related to a Sri Lankan cricket person born in the 1970s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"cricketer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Prince of Wales' College, Moratuwa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Wales%27_College,_Moratuwa"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Hewawasam Gamage Dharshana Nayanakantha (born 2 March 1979), either spelt as Dharshana Nayanakantha or Dharshana Gamage, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer.[1] He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler. He studied at the Prince of Wales' College, Moratuwa. He is currently serving as the assistant coach of Sri Lanka Emerging cricket team.[2][3][4]","title":"Dharshana Gamage"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sinhalese Sports Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singhalese_Sports_Club"},{"link_name":"Premier Trophy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_Trophy"},{"link_name":"Worcestershire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcestershire_County_Cricket_League"},{"link_name":"Chaminda Vaas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaminda_Vaas"},{"link_name":"Cherry Blossom Sharjah Cup 2003","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Blossom_Sharjah_Cup_2003"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_cricket_team"},{"link_name":"Dambulla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambulla"},{"link_name":"2003 Bank Alfalah Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Bank_Alfalah_Cup"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Twenty20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty20"},{"link_name":"Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomfield_Cricket_and_Athletic_Club"},{"link_name":"2004 SLC Twenty20 Tournament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_SLC_Twenty20_Tournament"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"He made his first-class debut playing for Sinhalese Sports Club in the 1998/99 Premier Trophy. He also played for Worcestershire as an overseas player in county cricket in England.In April 2003, Dharshana received his maiden callup to the national team as he was surprisingly included in the squad as an injury replacement for Chaminda Vaas who was ruled out from the remainder of the Cherry Blossom Sharjah Cup 2003.[5] However, he did not play in any of the matches. He made his ODI debut against New Zealand on 13 May 2003 at Dambulla during the 2003 Bank Alfalah Cup.[6]He made his Twenty20 debut on 17 August 2004, for Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club in the 2004 SLC Twenty20 Tournament.[7]","title":"Career"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"Dharshana Gamage profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos\". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 July 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/dharshana-gamage-49121","url_text":"\"Dharshana Gamage profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos\""}]},{"reference":"\"Head Coach Vaas optimistic of his rising stars\". The Sunday Times Sri Lanka. Retrieved 9 July 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sundaytimes.lk/190818/sports/head-coach-vaas-optimistic-of-his-rising-stars-363487.html","url_text":"\"Head Coach Vaas optimistic of his rising stars\""}]},{"reference":"Ratnaweera, Dhammika. \"Sri Lanka Emerging team champions\". Daily News. Retrieved 9 July 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.dailynews.lk/2019/07/16/sports/191204/sri-lanka-emerging-team-champions","url_text":"\"Sri Lanka Emerging team champions\""}]},{"reference":"\"SLC to hire Warnapura, Weerakoon, Sudarshana, Hettiarachchi as High Performance Coaches\". Cricket Age. 26 December 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cricketage.in/2019/12/26/slc-to-hire-warnapura-weerakoon-sudarshana-hettiarachchi-as-high-performance-coaches/","url_text":"\"SLC to hire Warnapura, Weerakoon, Sudarshana, Hettiarachchi as High Performance Coaches\""}]},{"reference":"\"Chaminda Vaas forced out of Sharjah Cup\". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 July 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/chaminda-vaas-forced-out-of-sharjah-cup-123883","url_text":"\"Chaminda Vaas forced out of Sharjah Cup\""}]},{"reference":"\"Full Scorecard of New Zealand vs Sri Lanka 3rd Match 2003 - Score Report | ESPNcricinfo.com\". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 July 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8576/scorecard/66359/sri-lanka-vs-new-zealand-3rd-match-bank-alfalah-cup-2003","url_text":"\"Full Scorecard of New Zealand vs Sri Lanka 3rd Match 2003 - Score Report | ESPNcricinfo.com\""}]},{"reference":"\"1st Round, Colombo, Aug 17 2004, Twenty-20 Tournament\". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 20 April 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/twenty-20-tournament-2004-304926/bloomfield-cricket-and-athletic-club-vs-police-sports-club-1st-round-304927/full-scorecard","url_text":"\"1st Round, Colombo, Aug 17 2004, Twenty-20 Tournament\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchdorf_an_der_Krems_(district)
Kirchdorf District
["1 Municipalities","2 External links"]
Coordinates: 47°53′02″N 14°09′29″E / 47.884°N 14.158°E / 47.884; 14.158District in Upper Austria, AustriaKirchdorf District Bezirk KirchdorfDistrictCountry AustriaState Upper AustriaNumber of municipalities23Area • Total1,239.8 km2 (478.7 sq mi)Population (2001) • Total55,167 • Density44/km2 (120/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST) Bezirk Kirchdorf is a district of the state of Upper Austria in Austria. Municipalities Towns (Städte) are indicated in boldface; market towns (Marktgemeinden) in italics; suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in small characters. Edlbach Grünburg Hinterstoder Inzersdorf im Kremstal Kirchdorf an der Krems Klaus an der Pyhrnbahn Kremsmünster Micheldorf in Oberösterreich Molln Nußbach Oberschlierbach Pettenbach Ried im Traunkreis Rosenau am Hengstpaß Roßleithen Schlierbach Spital am Pyhrn St. Pankraz Steinbach am Ziehberg Steinbach an der Steyr Vorderstoder Wartberg an der Krems Windischgarsten External links Official site 47°53′02″N 14°09′29″E / 47.884°N 14.158°E / 47.884; 14.158 vte Cities and districts (Bezirke) of Upper AustriaCities Altheim Ansfelden Attnang-Puchheim Bad Hall Bad Ischl Bad Leonfelden Braunau am Inn Eferding Enns Freistadt Gallneukirchen Gmunden Grein Grieskirchen Kirchdorf an der Krems Laakirchen Leonding Linz Marchtrenk Mattighofen Perg Peuerbach Pregarten Ried im Innkreis Rohrbach-Berg Schärding Schwanenstadt Stadl-Paura Steyr Steyregg Traun Vöcklabruck Wels Districts Braunau Eferding Freistadt Gmunden Grieskirchen Kirchdorf Linz-Land Perg Ried Rohrbach Schärding Steyr-Land Urfahr-Umgebung Vöcklabruck Wels-Land Authority control databases International VIAF National Germany United States
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"district","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Austria"},{"link_name":"state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Austria"},{"link_name":"Upper Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Austria"},{"link_name":"Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria"}],"text":"District in Upper Austria, AustriaBezirk Kirchdorf is a district of the state of \nUpper Austria in Austria.","title":"Kirchdorf District"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Edlbach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edlbach"},{"link_name":"Grünburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnburg"},{"link_name":"Hinterstoder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinterstoder"},{"link_name":"Inzersdorf im Kremstal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inzersdorf_im_Kremstal"},{"link_name":"Kirchdorf an der Krems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchdorf_an_der_Krems"},{"link_name":"Klaus an der Pyhrnbahn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_an_der_Pyhrnbahn"},{"link_name":"Kremsmünster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremsm%C3%BCnster"},{"link_name":"Micheldorf in Oberösterreich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheldorf_in_Ober%C3%B6sterreich"},{"link_name":"Molln","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molln"},{"link_name":"Nußbach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nu%C3%9Fbach,_Austria"},{"link_name":"Oberschlierbach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberschlierbach"},{"link_name":"Pettenbach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pettenbach"},{"link_name":"Ried im Traunkreis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ried_im_Traunkreis"},{"link_name":"Rosenau am Hengstpaß","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenau_am_Hengstpa%C3%9F"},{"link_name":"Roßleithen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C3%9Fleithen"},{"link_name":"Schlierbach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlierbach,_Austria"},{"link_name":"Spital am Pyhrn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spital_am_Pyhrn"},{"link_name":"St. Pankraz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Pankraz_(Upper_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Steinbach am Ziehberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinbach_am_Ziehberg"},{"link_name":"Steinbach an der Steyr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinbach_an_der_Steyr"},{"link_name":"Vorderstoder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorderstoder"},{"link_name":"Wartberg an der Krems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wartberg_an_der_Krems"},{"link_name":"Windischgarsten","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windischgarsten"}],"text":"Towns (Städte) are indicated in boldface; market towns (Marktgemeinden) in italics; suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in small characters.Edlbach\nGrünburg\nHinterstoder\nInzersdorf im Kremstal\nKirchdorf an der Krems\nKlaus an der Pyhrnbahn\nKremsmünster\nMicheldorf in Oberösterreich\nMolln\nNußbach\nOberschlierbach\nPettenbach\nRied im Traunkreis\nRosenau am Hengstpaß\nRoßleithen\nSchlierbach\nSpital am Pyhrn\nSt. Pankraz\nSteinbach am Ziehberg\nSteinbach an der Steyr\nVorderstoder\nWartberg an der Krems\nWindischgarsten","title":"Municipalities"}]
[]
null
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_Fine_Arts
School of Fine Arts
["1 The Americas","1.1 North America","2 Asia","2.1 Iran","2.2 Iraq","2.3 Philippines","2.4 Sri Lanka","3 Europe","3.1 Belgium","3.2 Denmark","3.3 France","3.4 Germany","3.5 Greece","3.6 Italy","3.7 Netherlands","3.8 Poland","3.9 Sweden","3.10 United Kingdom","4 Australia and New Zealand"]
"COFA" redirects here. For the agreement, see Compact of Free Association. Look up cofa in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. University of Florida College of Fine Arts The School of Fine Arts or College of Fine Arts is the official name or part of the name of several schools of fine arts, often as an academic part of a larger university. These include: This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2021) The Americas North America Alabama School of Fine Arts Carnegie Mellon College of Fine Arts, Carnegie Mellon University Escuela de Artes Plásticas y Diseño de Puerto Rico Lyme Academy College of Fine Arts, Old Lyme, Connecticut New York University Institute of Fine Arts San Francisco Art Institute, formally named "California School of Fine Arts" School of the Art Institute of Chicago School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts, Tufts University University of Florida College of Fine Arts University of Iowa School of Art and Art History University of Kentucky College of Fine Arts Weitzenhoffer Family College of Fine Arts, University of Oklahoma University of Texas at Austin College of Fine Arts Vermont College of Fine Arts Yale School of Art, Yale University Asia Iran University of Tehran, College of Fine Arts, Tehran, Iran Iraq Baghdad College of Fine Arts Philippines University of Santo Tomas College of Fine Arts and Design Sri Lanka University of the Visual and Performing Arts, former name was " Colombo College of Fine Arts" Europe Belgium Hogeschool Sint-Lukas Brussel Denmark Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts Funen Art Academy Jutland Art Academy France École des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts) is a name borne by art schools in several French cities École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts de Lyon École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, de Paris (French National School of Fine Arts) Germany Berlin University of the Arts Braunschweig University of Art Munich Academy of Fine Arts Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts Greece Athens School of Fine Arts Italy Brera Academy School of Fine Arts at the American Academy in Rome Florence Academy of Art, School of fine arts Italy Netherlands Academie Minerva, Groningen AKI Art & Design Enschede ArtEZ , Enschede; part of ArtEZ Institute of the Arts AKV St. Joost, 's-Hertogenbosch and Breda Amsterdam University of the Arts ArtEZ Institute of the Arts, Arnhem en Zwolle Christelijke Kunstacademie Zwolle , Zwolle Design Academy, Eindhoven Fontys Academie voor Beeldende Vorming , Tilburg Gerrit Rietveld Academie, Amsterdam Jan Van Eyck Academie, Maastricht Maastricht Academy of Fine Arts Rijksakademie van Beeldende Kunsten, Amsterdam Royal Academy of Art, The Hague Utrecht School of the Arts Willem de Kooning Academie (WDKA), Rotterdam Poland Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków Eugeniusz Geppert Academy of Fine Arts in Wrocław Academy of Fine Arts In Łódź Academy of Fine Arts in Warszawa Magdalena Abakanowicz University of the Arts Poznan Academy of Fine Arts in Gdańsk Art Academy in Szczecin Academy of Fine Arts in Katowice Sweden Valand School of Fine Arts United Kingdom Slade School of Fine Art, University College London Heatherley School of Fine Art, London School of Fine Art, History of Art and Cultural Studies of University of Leeds School of Fine Art and Photography of University for the Creative Arts School of Fine Art of Glasgow School of Art Birmingham School of Fine Art, former name of Birmingham School of Art Australia and New Zealand Elam School of Fine Arts, University of Auckland (Auckland, New Zealand) Ilam School of Fine Arts, University of Canterbury (Christchurch, New Zealand) UNSW Art & Design, University of New South Wales (Sydney, Australia); previously the UNSW College of Fine Arts
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Compact of Free Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_of_Free_Association"},{"link_name":"cofa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cofa"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gville_UF_University_Gallery02.jpg"},{"link_name":"University of Florida College of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"fine arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_arts"},{"link_name":"university","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University"}],"text":"\"COFA\" redirects here. For the agreement, see Compact of Free Association.Look up cofa in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.University of Florida College of Fine ArtsThe School of Fine Arts or College of Fine Arts is the official name or part of the name of several schools of fine arts, often as an academic part of a larger university. These include:","title":"School of Fine Arts"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"The Americas"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alabama School of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama_School_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"Carnegie Mellon College of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_College_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"Escuela de Artes Plásticas y Diseño de Puerto Rico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escuela_de_Artes_Pl%C3%A1sticas_y_Dise%C3%B1o_de_Puerto_Rico"},{"link_name":"Lyme Academy College of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_Academy_College_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"New York University Institute of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University_Institute_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"San Francisco Art Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Art_Institute"},{"link_name":"School of the Art Institute of Chicago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_the_Art_Institute_of_Chicago"},{"link_name":"School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_the_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_at_Tufts"},{"link_name":"University of Florida College of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Florida_College_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"University of Iowa School of Art and Art History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Iowa_School_of_Art_and_Art_History"},{"link_name":"University of Kentucky College of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Kentucky_College_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"Weitzenhoffer Family College of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weitzenhoffer_Family_College_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"University of Texas at Austin College of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin_College_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"Vermont College of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_College_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"Yale School of Art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_School_of_Art"}],"sub_title":"North America","text":"Alabama School of Fine Arts\nCarnegie Mellon College of Fine Arts, Carnegie Mellon University\nEscuela de Artes Plásticas y Diseño de Puerto Rico\nLyme Academy College of Fine Arts, Old Lyme, Connecticut\nNew York University Institute of Fine Arts\nSan Francisco Art Institute, formally named \"California School of Fine Arts\"\nSchool of the Art Institute of Chicago\nSchool of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts, Tufts University\nUniversity of Florida College of Fine Arts\nUniversity of Iowa School of Art and Art History\nUniversity of Kentucky College of Fine Arts\nWeitzenhoffer Family College of Fine Arts, University of Oklahoma\nUniversity of Texas at Austin College of Fine Arts\nVermont College of Fine Arts\nYale School of Art, Yale University","title":"The Americas"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Asia"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Tehran"}],"sub_title":"Iran","text":"University of Tehran, College of Fine Arts, Tehran, Iran","title":"Asia"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Baghdad College of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_College_of_Fine_Arts"}],"sub_title":"Iraq","text":"Baghdad College of Fine Arts","title":"Asia"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of Santo Tomas College of Fine Arts and Design","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas_College_of_Fine_Arts_and_Design"}],"sub_title":"Philippines","text":"University of Santo Tomas College of Fine Arts and Design","title":"Asia"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of the Visual and Performing Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Visual_and_Performing_Arts"}],"sub_title":"Sri Lanka","text":"University of the Visual and Performing Arts, former name was \" Colombo College of Fine Arts\"","title":"Asia"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Europe"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hogeschool Sint-Lukas Brussel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogeschool_Sint-Lukas_Brussel"}],"sub_title":"Belgium","text":"Hogeschool Sint-Lukas Brussel","title":"Europe"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"Funen Art Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funen_Art_Academy"},{"link_name":"Jutland Art Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutland_Art_Academy"}],"sub_title":"Denmark","text":"Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts\nFunen Art Academy\nJutland Art Academy","title":"Europe"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"École des Beaux-Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Beaux-Arts"},{"link_name":"École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts de Lyon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_beaux-arts_de_Lyon"},{"link_name":"École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_Beaux-Arts"}],"sub_title":"France","text":"École des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts) is a name borne by art schools in several French citiesÉcole nationale supérieure des beaux-arts de Lyon\nÉcole nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, de Paris (French National School of Fine Arts)","title":"Europe"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Berlin University of the Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_University_of_the_Arts"},{"link_name":"Braunschweig University of Art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braunschweig_University_of_Art"},{"link_name":"Munich Academy of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Academy_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Academy_of_Fine_Arts"}],"sub_title":"Germany","text":"Berlin University of the Arts\nBraunschweig University of Art\nMunich Academy of Fine Arts\nDüsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts","title":"Europe"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Athens School of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens_School_of_Fine_Arts"}],"sub_title":"Greece","text":"Athens School of Fine Arts","title":"Europe"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Brera Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brera_Academy"},{"link_name":"School of Fine Arts at the American Academy in Rome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_in_Rome"},{"link_name":"Florence Academy of Art, School of fine arts Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accademia_di_Belle_Arti_Firenze"}],"sub_title":"Italy","text":"Brera Academy\nSchool of Fine Arts at the American Academy in Rome\nFlorence Academy of Art, School of fine arts Italy","title":"Europe"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Academie Minerva","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academie_Minerva"},{"link_name":"AKI Art & Design Enschede ArtEZ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AKI_Art_%26_Design_Enschede_ArtEZ&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"nl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKI_Art_%26_Design_Enschede_ArtEZ"},{"link_name":"ArtEZ Institute of the Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArtEZ_Institute_of_the_Arts"},{"link_name":"AKV St. Joost","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKV_St._Joost"},{"link_name":"Amsterdam University of the Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_University_of_the_Arts"},{"link_name":"ArtEZ Institute of the Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArtEZ_Institute_of_the_Arts"},{"link_name":"Christelijke Kunstacademie Zwolle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christelijke_Kunstacademie_Zwolle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"nl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christelijke_Academie_voor_Beeldende_Kunsten"},{"link_name":"Design Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_Academy"},{"link_name":"Fontys Academie voor Beeldende Vorming","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fontys_Academie_voor_Beeldende_Vorming&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"nl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontys_Hogeschool_voor_de_Kunsten#Fontys_Academie_voor_Beeldende_Vorming"},{"link_name":"Gerrit Rietveld Academie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld_Academie"},{"link_name":"Jan Van Eyck Academie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Van_Eyck_Academie"},{"link_name":"Maastricht Academy of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht_Academy_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"Rijksakademie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijksakademie"},{"link_name":"Royal Academy of Art, The Hague","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Art,_The_Hague"},{"link_name":"Utrecht School of the Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrecht_School_of_the_Arts"},{"link_name":"Willem de Kooning Academie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning_Academie"}],"sub_title":"Netherlands","text":"Academie Minerva, Groningen\nAKI Art & Design Enschede ArtEZ [nl], Enschede; part of ArtEZ Institute of the Arts\nAKV St. Joost, 's-Hertogenbosch and Breda\nAmsterdam University of the Arts\nArtEZ Institute of the Arts, Arnhem en Zwolle\nChristelijke Kunstacademie Zwolle [nl], Zwolle\nDesign Academy, Eindhoven\nFontys Academie voor Beeldende Vorming [nl], Tilburg\nGerrit Rietveld Academie, Amsterdam\nJan Van Eyck Academie, Maastricht\nMaastricht Academy of Fine Arts\nRijksakademie van Beeldende Kunsten, Amsterdam\nRoyal Academy of Art, The Hague\nUtrecht School of the Arts\nWillem de Kooning Academie (WDKA), Rotterdam","title":"Europe"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Matejko_Academy_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"Kraków","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w"},{"link_name":"Eugeniusz Geppert Academy of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugeniusz_Geppert_Academy_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"Wrocław","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw"},{"link_name":"Academy of Fine Arts In Łódź","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_in_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Academy of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts_in_Warsaw"},{"link_name":"Warszawa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warszawa"},{"link_name":"Magdalena Abakanowicz University of the Arts Poznan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena_Abakanowicz_University_of_the_Arts_Poznan"},{"link_name":"Academy of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts_in_Gda%C5%84sk"},{"link_name":"Gdańsk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk"},{"link_name":"Art Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Academy_of_Szczecin"},{"link_name":"Szczecin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szczecin"},{"link_name":"Academy of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Fine_Arts_in_Katowice&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Katowice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katowice"}],"sub_title":"Poland","text":"Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków\nEugeniusz Geppert Academy of Fine Arts in Wrocław\nAcademy of Fine Arts In Łódź\nAcademy of Fine Arts in Warszawa\nMagdalena Abakanowicz University of the Arts Poznan\nAcademy of Fine Arts in Gdańsk\nArt Academy in Szczecin\nAcademy of Fine Arts in Katowice","title":"Europe"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Valand School of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valand_School_of_Fine_Arts"}],"sub_title":"Sweden","text":"Valand School of Fine Arts","title":"Europe"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Slade School of Fine Art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slade_School_of_Fine_Art"},{"link_name":"Heatherley School of Fine Art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heatherley_School_of_Fine_Art"},{"link_name":"University of Leeds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Leeds"},{"link_name":"University for the Creative Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_for_the_Creative_Arts"},{"link_name":"Glasgow School of Art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow_School_of_Art"},{"link_name":"Birmingham School of Art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_School_of_Art"}],"sub_title":"United Kingdom","text":"Slade School of Fine Art, University College London\nHeatherley School of Fine Art, London\nSchool of Fine Art, History of Art and Cultural Studies of University of Leeds\nSchool of Fine Art and Photography of University for the Creative Arts\nSchool of Fine Art of Glasgow School of Art\nBirmingham School of Fine Art, former name of Birmingham School of Art","title":"Europe"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Elam School of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam_School_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"Ilam School of Fine Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilam_School_of_Fine_Arts"},{"link_name":"UNSW Art & Design","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNSW_Art_%26_Design"}],"text":"Elam School of Fine Arts, University of Auckland (Auckland, New Zealand)\nIlam School of Fine Arts, University of Canterbury (Christchurch, New Zealand)\nUNSW Art & Design, University of New South Wales (Sydney, Australia); previously the UNSW College of Fine Arts","title":"Australia and New Zealand"}]
[{"image_text":"University of Florida College of Fine Arts","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gville_UF_University_Gallery02.jpg/250px-Gville_UF_University_Gallery02.jpg"}]
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[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=School_of_Fine_Arts&action=edit","external_links_name":"adding missing items"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Svoboda
František Svoboda
["1 Club career","2 International career","3 International goals","4 Honours","4.1 Club","4.2 International","4.3 Individual","5 References","6 External links"]
Czech footballer For the Czech canoer, see František Svoboda (canoeist). František Svoboda Personal informationDate of birth (1906-08-05)5 August 1906Place of birth Vienna, Austria-HungaryDate of death 6 July 1948(1948-07-06) (aged 41)Place of death CzechoslovakiaPosition(s) StrikerSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)–1926 Rapid Vinohrady 1926–1940 Slavia Prague (101)1940–1941 Viktoria Žižkov International career1926–1937 Czechoslovakia 43 (22) Medal record Representing  Czechoslovakia Men's Football FIFA World Cup Runner-up 1934 Italy *Club domestic league appearances and goals František Svoboda (5 August 1906 – 6 July 1948) was a Czech football player who played as a striker. His nickname was "Franci" (the French). Club career He started his career with Vinohrady Rapid, from where he moved to Slavia Prague in 1926, and with them he was the Champions of Czechoslovakia 8 times, played a pivotal role in helping the club to win 8 national league titles, scoring 101 league goals in his 14 years at the club and being the top goalscorer of the 1934–35 season with 27 goals. He remained in Slavia until 1940, after which he succeeded Viktoria Zizkov. Svoboda enjoyed great fame in his playing days, being a respected and feared striker throughout Europe. Svoboda was a very strong and muscular player, but despite being robust in stature, his movement was elegant and he excelled especially at rocket shots even from great distances, becoming known for his goals from long range. International career He played 43 matches in 10 years for the Czechoslovakia national team, scoring 22 goals, and he was a member of the team that reached the final of the 1934 FIFA World Cup, playing in three matches and scoring a goal in the match against Switzerland. Half of his international tally came in the Central European Cup, and with those 11 goals, he is the fourth all-time top goal scorer in the competition's history. International goals Czechoslovakia score listed first, score column indicates score after each Svoboda goal. International goals by cap, date, venue, opponent, score, result and competition No. Cap Date Venue Opponent Score Result Competition 1 2 2 January 1927 Stade de Sclessin, Liège, Belgium  Belgium 1–0 3–2 Friendly 2 3–1 3 4 24 April 1927 Stadion Letná, Prague, Czechoslovakia  Hungary 3–0 4–1 4 8 23 October 1927  Italy 1–1 2–2 1927–30 Central European Cup 5 2–1 6 9 28 October 1927  Yugoslavia 2–1 5–3 Friendly 7 5–3 8 12 3 March 1929 Stadio Littoriale, Bologna, Italy  Italy 2–2 2–4 1927–30 Central European Cup 9 13 17 March 1929 Stadion Letná, Prague, Czechoslovakia  Austria 3–2 3–3 Friendly 10 15 8 September 1929  Hungary 1–0 1–1 1927–30 Central European Cup 11 17 6 October 1929   Switzerland 3–0 5–0 12 20 23 March 1930  Austria 1–1 2–2 Friendly 13 23 13 June 1930  Spain 2–0 2–0 14 27 22 March 1931  Hungary 1–2 3–3 1931–32 Central European Cup 15 3–3 16 30 15 November 1931 Stadio Nazionale PNF, Rome, Italy  Italy 1–1 2–2 17 2–2 18 32 22 May 1932 Stadion Letná, Prague, Czechoslovakia  Austria 1–1 1–1 19 35 10 June 1933  France 3–0 4–0 Friendly 20 36 25 March 1934 Stade Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes, France  France 1–1 2–1 21 37 31 May 1934 Stadio Benito Mussolini, Turin, Italy   Switzerland 1–1 3–2 1934 World Cup quarter-final 22 42 21 February 1937 Stadion Letná, Prague, Czechoslovakia   Switzerland 3–1 5–2 1936–38 Central European Cup Honours Club Slavia Prague Czechoslovak First League: Champions (8): 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1936–37 and 1939–40 International Czechoslovakia World Cup: Runners-up (1): 1934 Central European Cup: Runners-up (1): 1927–30 Individual Top goalscorer of the 1934–35 Czechoslovak First League with 27 goals References ^ a b c d "František SVOBODA 1932-1936". Pes Miti del Calcio. Retrieved 27 May 2022. ^ "Czechoslovakia 1925-1938". RSSSF. 23 August 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2022. ^ František Svoboda at FAČR (in Czech) ^ "Frantisek Svoboda - International Appearances". RSSSF. Retrieved 27 May 2022. ^ "František Svoboda". football.eu. Retrieved 27 May 2022. External links František Svoboda at FAČR (also at old FAČR website) (in Czech) vteCzechoslovak First League top scorers 1925: Vaník 1925–26: Dvořáček 1927: Puč & Šíma 1927–28: Meduna 1928–29: Puč 1929–30: Kloz 1930–31: Silný 1931–32: Braine 1932–33: Kocsis 1933–34: Braine & Sobotka 1934–35: Svoboda 1935–36: Bradáč 1936–37: Kloz 1937–38: Bican 1938–39: Bican 1939–40: Bican 1940–41: Bican 1941–42: Bican 1942–43: Bican 1943–44: Bican 1945–46: Bican 1946–47: Bican 1947–48: Cejp 1948: Bican 1949: Hlaváček 1950: Bican 1951: Jaroš & Majer 1952: Wiecek 1953: Majer 1954: Pešek 1955: Pažický 1956: Dvořák & Wiecek 1957–58: Wiecek 1958–59: Wiecek 1959–60: Pucher 1960–61: Kučera & Pavlovič 1961–62: Scherer 1962–63: Petroš 1963–64: Pavlovič 1964–65: Bencz 1965–66: Michalík 1966–67: Adamec 1967–68: Adamec 1968–69: Petráš 1969–70: Adamec 1970–71: Adamec & Nehoda 1971–72: Čapkovič 1972–73: Józsa 1973–74: Bičovský & Józsa 1974–75: Petráš 1975–76: Galis 1976–77: Józsa 1977–78: Kroupa 1978–79: Kroupa & Nehoda 1979–80: Lička 1980–81: Masný 1981–82: Herda & Vízek 1982–83: Chaloupka 1983–84: Lička 1984–85: Knoflíček 1985–86: Griga 1986–87: Daněk 1987–88: M. Luhový 1988–89: M. Luhový 1989–90: Ľ. Luhový 1990–91: Kukleta 1991–92: Dubovský 1992–93: Dubovský vteCzechoslovakia squad – 1934 FIFA World Cup runners-up GK Patzel GK Plánička (c) DF Burgr DF Čtyřoký DF Daučík DF Ženíšek MF Bouček MF Čambal MF Kopecký MF Košťálek MF Krčil MF Šimperský MF Srbek MF Šterc MF Vodička FW Junek FW Kalocsay FW Nejedlý FW Puč FW Silný FW Sobotka FW Svoboda Coach: Petrů This biographical article related to association football in the Czech Republic, about a forward, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This biographical article relating to Czechoslovak football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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His nickname was \"Franci\" (the French).[1]","title":"František Svoboda"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Vinohrady Rapid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vinohrady_Rapid&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Slavia Prague","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK_Slavia_Praha"},{"link_name":"national league titles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_First_League"},{"link_name":"1934–35 season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_First_League"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RS-1"},{"link_name":"Viktoria Zizkov","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FK_Viktoria_%C5%BDi%C5%BEkov"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RS-1"}],"text":"He started his career with Vinohrady Rapid, from where he moved to Slavia Prague in 1926, and with them he was the Champions of Czechoslovakia 8 times, played a pivotal role in helping the club to win 8 national league titles, scoring 101 league goals in his 14 years at the club and being the top goalscorer of the 1934–35 season with 27 goals.[2][1] He remained in Slavia until 1940, after which he succeeded Viktoria Zizkov.Svoboda enjoyed great fame in his playing days, being a respected and feared striker throughout Europe. Svoboda was a very strong and muscular player, but despite being robust in stature, his movement was elegant and he excelled especially at rocket shots even from great distances, becoming known for his goals from long range.[1]","title":"Club career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Czechoslovakia national team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"final","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_FIFA_World_Cup_Final"},{"link_name":"1934 FIFA World Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_FIFA_World_Cup"},{"link_name":"Switzerland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RS-1"},{"link_name":"Central European Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_European_International_Cup"},{"link_name":"all-time top goal scorer in the competition's history","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_European_International_Cup#All-time_top_goalscorers"}],"text":"He played 43 matches in 10 years for the Czechoslovakia national team, scoring 22 goals, and he was a member of the team that reached the final of the 1934 FIFA World Cup, playing in three matches and scoring a goal in the match against Switzerland.[3][1] Half of his international tally came in the Central European Cup, and with those 11 goals, he is the fourth all-time top goal scorer in the competition's history.","title":"International career"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Czechoslovakia score listed first, score column indicates score after each Svoboda goal.","title":"International goals"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Slavia Prague","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK_Slavia_Prague"},{"link_name":"Czechoslovak First League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_First_League"},{"link_name":"1928–29","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928%E2%80%9329_Czechoslovak_First_League"},{"link_name":"1929–30","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929%E2%80%9330_Czechoslovak_First_League"},{"link_name":"1930–31","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930%E2%80%9331_Czechoslovak_First_League"},{"link_name":"1932–33","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932%E2%80%9333_Czechoslovak_First_League"},{"link_name":"1933–34","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933%E2%80%9334_Czechoslovak_First_League"},{"link_name":"1934–35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934%E2%80%9335_Czechoslovak_First_League"},{"link_name":"1936–37","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E2%80%9337_Czechoslovak_First_League"},{"link_name":"1939–40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939%E2%80%9340_N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_liga"}],"sub_title":"Club","text":"Slavia PragueCzechoslovak First League:Champions (8): 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1936–37 and 1939–40","title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"World Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup"},{"link_name":"1934","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_FIFA_World_Cup"},{"link_name":"Central European Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_European_International_Cup"},{"link_name":"1927–30","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927%E2%80%9330_Central_European_International_Cup"}],"sub_title":"International","text":"CzechoslovakiaWorld Cup:Runners-up (1): 1934Central European Cup:Runners-up (1): 1927–30","title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"1934–35 Czechoslovak First League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934%E2%80%9335_Czechoslovak_First_League"}],"sub_title":"Individual","text":"Top goalscorer of the 1934–35 Czechoslovak First League with 27 goals","title":"Honours"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teluk_Pulai
Teluk Pulai
["1 Connectivity","2 Nearby residentials","3 Nearby landmarks and attractions","4 Facilities","4.1 Shopping","4.2 Education","4.3 Government Department","5 References","6 External links"]
Coordinates: 2°58′36.4″N 101°46′17.3″E / 2.976778°N 101.771472°E / 2.976778; 101.771472This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Teluk Pulai" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 2°58′36.4″N 101°46′17.3″E / 2.976778°N 101.771472°E / 2.976778; 101.771472 Township in Selangor, MalaysiaTeluk PulaiTownshipTeluk Pulai Klang commercial areaNickname: TTPCountryMalaysiaStateSelangorDistrictKlangGovernment • Local AuthorityMajlis Perbandaran Klang • Yang DipertuaNoraini RoslanTime zoneUTC+8 (MST)Postcode41100Dialling code+60 33 Teluk Pulai is a modern residential and township located within the Klang town center in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Teluk Pulai falls under the jurisdiction of the Klang Municipal Council (MPK) and divided by two DUN state assembly jurisdiction which is Bandar Baru Klang and Selat Klang. Connectivity Teluk Pulai is well connected to the Federal Highway through Jalan Raya Barat and the North Klang Straits Bypass as well North Klang Valley Expressway through Klang Third Bridge. Station KTM  KD15 Teluk Pulai Komuter station is the rail public transportation serving the areas going directly to KL Sentral/Tanjong Malim or Port Klang. By 2023, Teluk Pulai will be connected with Shah Alam line LRT at  BUK20  Klang which is about 1.2 km (0.75 mi) away from the areas heading towards Bandar Utama, Petaling Jaya and Johan Setia, Klang. Nearby residentials Taman Melawis Taman Teluk Pulai Indah Taman Teluk Pulai Taman Kota Jaya Taman Wangi Taman Aneka Kampung Sungai Udang Apartment Amazing Height Pangsapuri Anggerik Pangsapuri Saujana Damai Nearby landmarks and attractions Kota Raja Mahadi Situated just next to Klang City Council MPK building, erected as a memorial of Klang War between Raja Abdullah and Raja Mahadi overlooking the Klang River. Pengkalan Batu Park Use to be trading port for antique Klang, Pengkalan Batu now a public park to enjoy the scenery of Klang river it can be easily accessed by LRT  BUK20  Klang by 2023. Hong Shan Si Temple (凤山寺) A Taoism temple worshiping Nine Emperor Gods (九皇爷). Situated opposite commuter station. The Nine Emperor Gods Festival will be held from 1 to 9 September every year according to Lunar calendar. It is very crowded with worshipers. Teluk Pulai Local Night Market (Pasar Malam) Situated at Jalan Teluk Pulai, 1 km (0.62 mi) away from the commuter station. It operates every Friday and Sunday night. Famous Bak Kut Teh Restaurants Well-known Bak Kut Teh restaurants such as Teluk Pulai Bak Kut Teh and Klang Lek Bak Kut Teh are just five minutes' walking distance from Teluk Pulai commuter station. Tian Hock Kung Temple (天福宫) Situated at Jalan Tepi Sungai. Famous for its snake theme temple architecture. Also known as Klang Snake Temple. Raja Muda Nala Bridge (Jambatan Raja Muda Nala) Also known as Klang Third Bridge, connecting the northern and southern parts of Klang. Facilities Shopping Econmart Jalan Sungai Bertik Pasaraya Matahari Jalan Teluk Pulai EcoShop Teluk Pulai Pasaraya MU Pasaraya MM Convenient store such as 99 Speedmart, 7-Eleven, KK Mart and Familymart. Education Primary schools Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Cina) Chuen Min 循民华小 Sekolah Kebangsaan Teluk Pulai Sekolah Kebangsaan Taman Gembira Sekolah Kebangsaan (Lelaki) Methodist ACS Sekolah Rendah Agama Jalan Hassan Sekolah Kebangsaan Telok Gadong Sekolah Kebangsaan Sungai Udang Secondary schools Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Telok Gadong Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Methodist ACS Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Perempuan Methodist Sekolah Agama Menengah Sultan Hisamuddin Government Department The Klang Municipal Council (MPK) building Civil Defense Department (JPA), Klang district office Department of Civil Works (JKR), Klang district office Sungai Bertik Health Clinic (Klinik Kesihatan) References ^ "Jambatan ketiga Klang dinamakan jambatan Raja Muda Nala | Astro Awani". ^ "Light Rail Transit Line 3 (LRT 3), Malaysia". External links Klang Municipal Council (MPK) Profile of Bandar Baru Klang Klang Community eSpace and Forums vteState of Selangor Capital: Shah Alam General topicsTopics Index History Constitution Elections Government Executive Sultan Menteri Besar Legislature Geography Monarchy Selangorian Anthem Flag and coat of arms Tourist attractions Society Economy Politics Transport Administrativedivisions 9 Districts and 12 Local governments (3 Cites, 8 Municipals, 1 District) Special zone: Klang Valley conurbation, Multimedia Super Corridor City councils (Majlis Bandaraya)Petaling Jaya(Petaling district) Damansara (PJU) Ara Damansara Bandar Utama Mutiara Damansara Damansara Perdana Damansara Jaya Damansara Utama Kampung Sungai Kayu Ara Kelana Jaya Petaling Jaya city centre Sungai Buloh Kota Damansara Sri Damansara Petaling Jaya Selatan Sungai Way Shah Alam(Petaling and Klang district) Shah Alam City Centre Bukit Jelutong i-City Padang Jawa TTDI Jaya Sungai Buloh Bukit Rahman Putra Kwasa Damansara Paya Jaras Puncak Perdana Sungai Pelong Subang Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport Alam Budiman Bukit Subang Denai Alam Elmina, Malaysia Kota Kemuning Bukit Rimau Bukit Lanchong Kampung Lombong Sri Muda Putra Heights (partial) Setia Alam Alam Impian Subang Jaya(Petaling district) Subang Jaya (PJS) Bandar Sunway UEP Subang Jaya Puchong Puchong Jaya Kinrara Pusat Bandar Puchong Puteri Puchong Putra Heights Seri Kembangan Kampung Desa Serdang Klang(Klang district) Klang Teluk Pulai Taman Berkeley Bandar Botanic Bukit Raja Bukit Tinggi Sri Andalas Port Klang Pandamaran Sultan Suleiman (town) Glenmarie Cove Teluk Gong Tanjung Harapan Pulau Indah Pulau Ketam Kapar Meru Municipal councils (Majlis Perbandaran)Kajang(Hulu Langat district) Bandar Baru Bangi Kajang Country Heights Jade Hills Kajang 2 Saujana Impian Taman Cuepacs Bangi Bandar Seri Putra Semenyih Broga Batu 14 Hulu Langat Dusun Tua Cheras Alam Jaya Balakong Tun Hussein Onn (town) Mahkota Cheras Sungai Long Beranang Ampang Jaya(Hulu Langat and Gombak district) Ampang Jaya Lembah Jaya Pandan Pandan Indah Pandan Jaya Hulu Klang Bukit Antarabangsa Hillview Keramat Melawati Selayang(Gombak district) Rawang Bukit Sentosa Country Homes Tasik Puteri Taman Tun Teja Selayang Bandar Baru Selayang Lagong Batu Caves Gombak Greenwood Kampung Sungai Pusu Batu Arang Kundang Kuang Kepong Sepang Pekan Sepang Kuala Lumpur International Airport Sungai Pelek Dengkil Cyberjaya Pulau Meranti Putra Perdana Salak Tinggi Kota Warisan Serenia City Sunsuria City Puchong South Southville City Seri Kembangan South (Sepang Utara) Kuala Langat Teluk Panglima Garang Jenjarom Banting Jugra Morib Sijangkang Tanjung Sepat Tanjung Dua Belas Teluk Datok Carey Island Bandar Saujana Putra Bandar Gamuda Cove Kuala Selangor Kuala Selangor Tanjung Karang Bestari Jaya Ijok Jeram Puncak Alam Hulu Selangor Kuala Kubu Baharu Batang Kali Bukit Kutu Serendah Bukit Beruntung Lembah Beringin Hulu Bernam Genting Highlands (partial) District councils (Majlis Daerah)Sabak Bernam Sekinchan Sabak Sungai Besar Sungai Ayer Tawar Commons Wikisource Category
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2°58′36.4″N 101°46′17.3″E / 2.976778°N 101.771472°E / 2.976778; 101.771472","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Teluk_Pulai&params=2_58_36.4_N_101_46_17.3_E_"},{"link_name":"Klang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klang,_Malaysia"},{"link_name":"Selangor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangor"},{"link_name":"Malaysia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia"}],"text":"2°58′36.4″N 101°46′17.3″E / 2.976778°N 101.771472°E / 2.976778; 101.771472Township in Selangor, MalaysiaTeluk Pulai is a modern residential and township located within the Klang town center in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Teluk Pulai falls under the jurisdiction of the Klang Municipal Council (MPK) and divided by two DUN state assembly jurisdiction which is Bandar Baru Klang and Selat Klang.","title":"Teluk Pulai"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Federal Highway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Highway,_Malaysia"},{"link_name":"North Klang Straits Bypass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Klang_Straits_Bypass"},{"link_name":"North Klang Valley Expressway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Klang_Valley_Expressway"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Teluk Pulai Komuter station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teluk_Pulai_Komuter_station"},{"link_name":"Shah Alam line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Alam_line"},{"link_name":"Klang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klang_LRT_station"},{"link_name":"Bandar Utama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Utama"},{"link_name":"Petaling Jaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petaling_Jaya"},{"link_name":"Johan Setia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Setia_LRT_station"},{"link_name":"Klang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klang_(city)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Teluk Pulai is well connected to the Federal Highway through Jalan Raya Barat and the North Klang Straits Bypass as well North Klang Valley Expressway through Klang Third Bridge.[1] Station KTM  KD15 Teluk Pulai Komuter station is the rail public transportation serving the areas going directly to KL Sentral/Tanjong Malim or Port Klang. By 2023, Teluk Pulai will be connected with Shah Alam line LRT at  BUK20  Klang which is about 1.2 km (0.75 mi) away from the areas heading towards Bandar Utama, Petaling Jaya and Johan Setia, Klang.[2]","title":"Connectivity"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Taman Melawis\nTaman Teluk Pulai Indah\nTaman Teluk Pulai\nTaman Kota Jaya\nTaman Wangi\nTaman Aneka\nKampung Sungai Udang\nApartment Amazing Height\nPangsapuri Anggerik\nPangsapuri Saujana Damai","title":"Nearby residentials"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Klang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klang_LRT_station"},{"link_name":"Lunar calendar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_calendar"},{"link_name":"Bak Kut Teh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bak_Kut_Teh"},{"link_name":"Klang Third Bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klang_Third_Bridge"}],"text":"Kota Raja Mahadi\nSituated just next to Klang City Council MPK building, erected as a memorial of Klang War between Raja Abdullah and Raja Mahadi overlooking the Klang River.\nPengkalan Batu Park\nUse to be trading port for antique Klang, Pengkalan Batu now a public park to enjoy the scenery of Klang river it can be easily accessed by LRT  BUK20  Klang by 2023.\nHong Shan Si Temple (凤山寺)\nA Taoism temple worshiping Nine Emperor Gods (九皇爷). Situated opposite commuter station. The Nine Emperor Gods Festival will be held from 1 to 9 September every year according to Lunar calendar. It is very crowded with worshipers.\nTeluk Pulai Local Night Market (Pasar Malam)\nSituated at Jalan Teluk Pulai, 1 km (0.62 mi) away from the commuter station. It operates every Friday and Sunday night.\nFamous Bak Kut Teh Restaurants\nWell-known Bak Kut Teh restaurants such as Teluk Pulai Bak Kut Teh and Klang Lek Bak Kut Teh are just five minutes' walking distance from Teluk Pulai commuter station.\nTian Hock Kung Temple (天福宫)\nSituated at Jalan Tepi Sungai. Famous for its snake theme temple architecture. Also known as Klang Snake Temple.\nRaja Muda Nala Bridge (Jambatan Raja Muda Nala)\nAlso known as Klang Third Bridge, connecting the northern and southern parts of Klang.","title":"Nearby landmarks and attractions"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Facilities"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Shopping","text":"Econmart Jalan Sungai Bertik\nPasaraya Matahari Jalan Teluk Pulai\nEcoShop Teluk Pulai\nPasaraya MU\nPasaraya MM\nConvenient store such as 99 Speedmart, 7-Eleven, KK Mart and Familymart.","title":"Facilities"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Education","text":"Primary schoolsSekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Cina) Chuen Min 循民华小\nSekolah Kebangsaan Teluk Pulai\nSekolah Kebangsaan Taman Gembira\nSekolah Kebangsaan (Lelaki) Methodist ACS\nSekolah Rendah Agama Jalan Hassan\nSekolah Kebangsaan Telok Gadong\nSekolah Kebangsaan Sungai UdangSecondary schoolsSekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Telok Gadong\nSekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Methodist ACS\nSekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Perempuan Methodist\nSekolah Agama Menengah Sultan Hisamuddin","title":"Facilities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Klang Municipal Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klang_Municipal_Council"}],"sub_title":"Government Department","text":"The Klang Municipal Council (MPK) building\nCivil Defense Department (JPA), Klang district office\nDepartment of Civil Works (JKR), Klang district office\nSungai Bertik Health Clinic (Klinik Kesihatan)","title":"Facilities"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"Jambatan ketiga Klang dinamakan jambatan Raja Muda Nala | Astro Awani\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/jambatan-ketiga-klang-dinamakan-jambatan-raja-muda-nala-160721","url_text":"\"Jambatan ketiga Klang dinamakan jambatan Raja Muda Nala | Astro Awani\""}]},{"reference":"\"Light Rail Transit Line 3 (LRT 3), Malaysia\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/light-rail-transit-line-3-lrt-3/","url_text":"\"Light Rail Transit Line 3 (LRT 3), Malaysia\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Station_Q
Microsoft Research
["1 Key people","2 Research areas","3 Research laboratories","3.1 Former research laboratories","4 Collaborations","4.1 AI for Good","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"]
Research division of Microsoft Microsoft ResearchFounded1991; 33 years ago (1991)FoundersRichard RashidBill GatesNathan MyhrvoldTypeDivisionOwnerMicrosoftKey peopleLili Cheng (corporate vice president)SubsidiariesHavok GroupEmployees (in 2016) ~500Websitewww.microsoft.com/research/ Microsoft Research (MSR) is the research subsidiary of Microsoft. It was created in 1991 by Richard Rashid, Bill Gates and Nathan Myhrvold with the intent to advance state-of-the-art computing and solve difficult world problems through technological innovation in collaboration with academic, government, and industry researchers. The Microsoft Research team has more than 1,000 computer scientists, physicists, engineers, and mathematicians, including Turing Award winners, Fields Medal winners, MacArthur Fellows, and Dijkstra Prize winners. Between 2010 and 2018, 154,000 AI patents were filed worldwide, with Microsoft having by far the largest percentage of those patents, at 20%. According to estimates in trade publications, Microsoft spent about $6 billion annually in research initiatives from 2002 to 2010 and has spent from $10–14 billion annually since 2010. Microsoft Research has made significant advances in the field of AI which it has infused in its products including Kinect, Bing, Holo Lens, Cortana, Microsoft Translator, Linkedin, Havok and Dynamics to provide its customers with more benefits and better service. The mission statement of MSR is: Expand the state of the art in each of the areas in which we do research Rapidly transfer innovative technologies into Microsoft products Ensure that Microsoft products have a future Key people Microsoft Research includes the core Microsoft Research labs and Microsoft Research AI, Microsoft Research NExT (for New Experiences and Technologies), and other incubation efforts all directed by corporate vice president Peter Lee. Research areas Microsoft research is categorized into the following broad areas: Algorithms and theory of computation Communication and collaboration Computational linguistics Computational science Computer vision Computer systems and networking Data mining and management Economics and computational economics Education Gaming Computer graphics and multimedia Hardware and embedded systems Health and well-being Human–computer interaction AI for Social Good Machine learning and artificial intelligence Mobile computing Quantum computing Search, information retrieval, and knowledge management Security and privacy Social media Social sciences Software development Programming tools and languages Speech recognition, synthesis, and dialog systems Technologies for emerging markets Cryptocurrency Microsoft Research sponsors the Microsoft Research Fellowship for graduate students. Research laboratories Microsoft has research labs around the world including the following non-exhaustive list: Microsoft Research Redmond Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing Microsoft Research Cambridge Microsoft Research Bangalore Microsoft Research Redmond was founded on the Microsoft Redmond campus in 1991. It has about 350 researchers and is headed by Donald Kossmann. The bulk of research on the Redmond, Washington campus focuses on areas such as theory, artificial intelligence, machine learning, systems and networking, security, privacy, human–computer interaction, and wearable technologies. Microsoft Research Cambridge was founded in the United Kingdom in 1997 by Roger Needham and is headed by Christopher Bishop. Antony Rowstron and Abigail Sellen are Deputy Directors. The lab conducts research on topics including machine learning, security and information retrieval, and maintains close ties to the University of Cambridge and the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. Microsoft Research Asia (MSRA or MSR Asia) was founded in Beijing in November 1998. It has expanded rapidly and now has more than 300 researchers and developers, along with approximately 300 visiting scientists and students (including its new satellite office in Shanghai). Its focus includes natural user interfaces, multimedia, data-intensive computing, search and online advertising, natural language processing, and computer science fundamentals. This lab forms part of the Microsoft Asia-Pacific Research and Development Group (ARD) R&D center, which also has campuses in Suzhou, Shenzhen, Tokyo, and Taipei. Microsoft Research India is sited in Bengaluru (Bangalore) and is headed by Sriram Rajamani. Microsoft Research Station Q, on the campus of the University of California, Santa Barbara, was founded in 2006. Its collaborators explore theoretical and experimental approaches to creating the quantum analog of the traditional bit—the qubit. The group is led by Michael Freedman. Its Quantum Architectures and Computation (QuARC) group is based in Redmond, while other Station Q satellite locations exist on the campuses of Delft University of Technology, Purdue University, University of Copenhagen, and University of Sydney. Microsoft Research New England was established in 2008 in Cambridge, Massachusetts adjacent to the MIT campus by Jennifer Chayes who also managed the New York and Montreal labs. The lab is now managed by Susan Dumais. The lab collaborates with the broader research community and pursues interdisciplinary research that brings together computer scientists and social scientists to develop future applications. Microsoft Research New York City was established on May 3, 2012. Susan Dumais serves as Managing Director of this location as well as the New England and Montreal labs. The lab collaborates with academia and other Microsoft Research labs in computational and behavioral social sciences, computational economics and prediction markets, machine learning, and information retrieval. Microsoft Research Montreal was established after the acquisition of Maluuba by Microsoft in 2017. Susan Dumais serves as Managing Director of this location as well as the New England and New York City labs. The lab collaborates with academia and other Microsoft Research labs in natural language processing (specifically machine reading comprehension), deep learning and reinforcement learning. Gray Systems Lab, in Madison, Wisconsin. Named after Jim Gray, GSL opened in 2008 to research database technologies. Former research laboratories Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, located in Mountain View, California, was founded in August 2001 and closed in September 2014. Silicon Valley research focused on distributed computing and included security and privacy, protocols, fault-tolerance, large-scale systems, concurrency, computer architecture, internet search and services, and related theory. Collaborations Microsoft Research invests in multi-year collaborative joint research with academic institutions at Barcelona Supercomputing Center, INRIA, Carnegie Mellon University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), the Microsoft Research Centre for Social NUI and others. Since 2016, Microsoft has partnered with Toyota Connected to research technology for telematics, data analytics and network security services. In October 2019, Microsoft partnered with Novartis to apply artificial intelligence to enhance personalized medicineresearch. Novartis and Microsoft join forces to develop drugs using AI In 2023, Microsoft signed a multi-year deal to collaborate with Syneos Health in development of a platform to leverage machine learning for the optimization of clinical trials. AI for Good Microsoft's "AI for Good" initiative represents a significant commitment to leveraging artificial intelligence technology for social and environmental benefits. This initiative is part of a broader vision by Microsoft to utilize AI in addressing some of the world's most challenging issues, including those related to health, the environment, accessibility, cultural heritage, and humanitarian action. AI for Good includes topics like Microsoft AI for Earth. See also Microsoft Award Microsoft Research Maps References ^ Dina Bass, Jack Clark (25 January 2016). "How Microsoft plans to beat Google and Facebook to the Next Tech Breakthrough". Bloomberg. Retrieved 3 November 2021. ^ "Rick Rashid: Emeritus Researcher". Microsoft. ^ McCraken, Harry (13 February 2019). "Still Boldly Going". Fast Company. ^ Louis Columbus, January 6, 2019 Microsoft Leads The AI Patent Race Going Into 2019, Forbes ^ a b "Microsoft research and development expenses". Notesmatic. 9 May 2018. ^ Togyer, Jason (7 August 2009). "Still Boldly Going". CMU. ^ "Microsoft Research – Emerging Technology, Computer, and Software Research". Microsoft. Archived from the original on 29 April 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2017. ^ "Microsoft wants to 'read people's brain waves' to mine cryptocurrency". Independent.co.uk. 24 April 2020. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2020. ^ "About Research at Microsoft – Microsoft Research". Microsoft. Archived from the original on 11 December 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2017. ^ "关于研究院 - 微软亚洲研究院". www.msra.cn. ^ "Microsoft Asia-Pacific R&D Group". Microsoft. ^ "About Research at Microsoft – Microsoft Research". Microsoft. Archived from the original on 11 December 2016. ^ Markoff, John (23 June 2014). "Microsoft Makes Bet Quantum Computing Is Next Breakthrough". The New York Times. ^ Fabinger, Michal; Freedman, Michael H.; Weyl, E. Glen (2022). "Prospecting a Possible Quadratic Wormhole Between Quantum Mechanics and Plurality". arXiv:2209.08144 . ^ "Station Q: the Quest for a Quantum Future". Microsoft. 24 July 2014. ^ "Microsoft's Station Q Sydney investment intensifies global effort to build a quantum economy". Microsoft Australia. ^ "Microsoft Research New England". Microsoft. ^ "Microsoft Research New York". Microsoft. 16 November 2023. ^ "Microsoft Research Montreal". Microsoft. ^ https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/group/gray-systems-lab/ ^ "Class of 18th September 2014". MSR Silicon Valley. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021. ^ "BSC-Microsoft Research Centre - BSC-Microsoft Research Centre". Retrieved 26 January 2017. ^ "Microsoft Research Inria Joint Centre". Archived from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2017. ^ "Academic Programs - Microsoft Research". Archived from the original on 14 December 2008. Retrieved 26 January 2017. ^ "Microsoft India Development Center - MSIDC". www.microsoft.com. ^ Lippert, John (4 April 2016). "Toyota, Microsoft Team Up on Connected-Car Technologies". Bloomberg. ^ Neville, Sarah (1 October 2019). {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help) ^ Waters, Richard; Neville, Sarah (October 2019). "Novartis and Microsoft join forces to develop drugs using AI". Financial Times.> ^ Keenan, Joseph (20 March 2023). "Syneos in AI-focused pact with Microsoft to speed up trials". Fierce Biotech. ^ "Using AI for Good with Microsoft AI". Microsoft. Retrieved 13 December 2023. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Microsoft Research. Official website The Microsoft Research Blog Microsoft Developing Project (news archive from Softpedia) Microsoft Research Asia local Chinese website vteMicrosoft Research (MSR)MainprojectsLanguages, compilers Bartok Bosque Cω F* Lean P Project Verona Phoenix Polyphonic C# SecPAL Distributed–grid computing BitVault Confidential Consortium Framework DeepSpeed Orleans Internet, networking AjaxView Avalanche Conference XP Gazelle HoneyMonkey Penny Black Wallop WikiBhasha Other projects Automatic Graph Layout Cognitive Toolkit Digits Holoportation IllumiRoom Image Composite Editor Infer.NET LightGBM LiveStation MyLifeBits Neural Network Intelligence NodeXL OneFuzz PhotoDNA SEAL SLAM T2 Temporal Prover WorldWide Telescope Z3 Theorem Prover Operating systems Barrelfish HomeOS Midori Singularity Verve APIs Accelerator Dryad Joins mimalloc SXM Launched as products C# Comic Chat Detours F# Sideshow PixelSense (TouchLight) SenseCam ClearType Group Shot Allegiance TrueSkill Songsmith Xbox Kinect MSR LabsappliedresearchLive LabsCurrent Pivot Seadragon Deep Zoom Discontinued Deepfish Listas Live Clipboard Photosynth Volta FUSE Labs Docs.com Kodu Other labs Academic Search adCenter Labs Office Labs Category vteMicrosoft History Outline PeopleFounders Bill Gates Paul Allen Board of directors Satya Nadella (Chairman and CEO) John W. Thompson John W. Stanton Reid Hoffman Sandi Peterson Penny Pritzker Carlos A. Rodriguez Charles Scharf Emma Walmsley Padmasree Warrior Senior leadership team Satya Nadella (CEO) Chris Capossela (CMO) Scott Guthrie Amy Hood (CFO) Kevin Scott (CTO) Brad Smith (CLO) Harry Shum Phil Spencer Kathleen Hogan (CPO) Corporate VPs Joe Belfiore Richard Rashid (SVP) César Cernuda Panos Panay (CVP) Employee groups Global LGBTQIA+ Employee & Allies at Microsoft Microsoft and unions ProductsHardware Azure Kinect HoloLens LifeCam Surface Hub Go Laptop Laptop Go Pro Studio Duo Neo Xbox Software 365 Clipchamp Dynamics Havok Open source software Office Power Platform Servers Start Tay Visual Studio Visual Studio Code Windows Xbox OS Programming languages BASIC VB.NET VBA VBScript Visual Basic C# C/AL a.k.a Navision Attain F# MVPL Power Fx PowerShell Transact-SQL TypeScript Q# Visual J# Visual J++ Web properties Azure Bing Microsoft Learn Channel 9 Developer Network TechNet GitHub LinkedIn LinkedIn Learning MSN Outlook.com Store Translator CompanyConferences Build Ignite Inspire MIX PDC WinHEC Divisions Engineering groups Mobile Skype unit Digital Crimes Unit Garage Press Research Retail stores .NET Foundation Outercurve Foundation Gaming Xbox Game Studios ZeniMax Media Activision Blizzard Estates Microsoft campus Microsoft Egypt Microsoft India Microsoft Japan Campaigns "Where do you want to go today?" (1994) "Champagne" (2002) "Mojave Experiment" (2006) "I'm a PC" (2008) "Scroogled" (2012) Criticism Bundling of Microsoft Windows Clippy iLoo Internet Explorer Microsoft Bob _NSAKEY Windows XP Vista 10 Litigation Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft Apple v. Microsoft Microsoft v. Commission FTC v. Microsoft Microsoft v. Lindows Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft Microsoft v. Shah United States v. Microsoft (2001 antitrust case) Microsoft v. United States (2018 data privacy case) AcquisitionsCompleted 6Wunderkinder Access Software Acompli Activision Blizzard acquisition Altamira Software AltspaceVR aQuantive Azyxxi The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks Beam Bungie Clipchamp Colloquis Compulsion Games Connectix Consumers Software Danger Double Fine Productions Farecast FASA Studio Fast Search & Transfer Firefly Forethought GIANT Company Software GitHub GreenButton Groove Networks Havok Group High Heat Major League Baseball Hotmail inXile Entertainment Jellyfish.com LinkedIn LinkExchange Lionhead Studios Maluuba Massive Incorporated Metaswitch Mobile Data Labs Mojang Studios Ninja Theory Nokia Devices and Services npm Nuance Communications Obsidian Entertainment Onfolio Pando Networks Perceptive Pixel Playground Games PlaceWare Powerset Press Play ProClarity Rare Revolution Analytics RiskIQ ScreenTonic Secure Islands Simplygon Skype Sunrise Atelier SwiftKey Winternals Software Teleo Tellme Networks Twisted Pixel Games Undead Labs Vermeer Technologies Visio Corporation Vivaty VoloMetrix VXtreme WebTV Networks Xamarin Xandr AppNexus Yammer Yupi ZeniMax Media Category Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF National Germany Israel United States Artists Museum of Modern Art
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Microsoft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft"},{"link_name":"Richard Rashid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Rashid"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"Bill Gates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates"},{"link_name":"Nathan Myhrvold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Myhrvold"},{"link_name":"Turing Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_Award"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Fields Medal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_Medal"},{"link_name":"MacArthur Fellows","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacArthur_Fellow"},{"link_name":"Dijkstra Prize","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra_Prize"},{"link_name":"AI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Forbes-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Kinect","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinect"},{"link_name":"Bing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Bing"},{"link_name":"Holo Lens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens"},{"link_name":"Cortana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_(virtual_assistant)"},{"link_name":"Microsoft Translator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Translator"},{"link_name":"Linkedin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LinkedIn"},{"link_name":"Havok","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havok_(software)"},{"link_name":"Dynamics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Dynamics"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-5"}],"text":"Microsoft Research (MSR) is the research subsidiary of Microsoft. It was created in 1991 by Richard Rashid,[2] Bill Gates and Nathan Myhrvold with the intent to advance state-of-the-art computing and solve difficult world problems through technological innovation in collaboration with academic, government, and industry researchers. The Microsoft Research team has more than 1,000 computer scientists, physicists, engineers, and mathematicians, including Turing Award winners,[3] Fields Medal winners, MacArthur Fellows, and Dijkstra Prize winners.Between 2010 and 2018, 154,000 AI patents were filed worldwide, with Microsoft having by far the largest percentage of those patents, at 20%.[4] According to estimates in trade publications, Microsoft spent about $6 billion annually in research initiatives from 2002 to 2010 and has spent from $10–14 billion annually since 2010.[5][6]Microsoft Research has made significant advances in the field of AI which it has infused in its products including Kinect, Bing, Holo Lens, Cortana, Microsoft Translator, Linkedin, Havok and Dynamics to provide its customers with more benefits and better service.[5]The mission statement of MSR is:Expand the state of the art in each of the areas in which we do research\nRapidly transfer innovative technologies into Microsoft products\nEnsure that Microsoft products have a future","title":"Microsoft Research"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Peter Lee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Lee_(computer_scientist)"}],"text":"Microsoft Research includes the core Microsoft Research labs and Microsoft Research AI, Microsoft Research NExT (for New Experiences and Technologies), and other incubation efforts all directed by corporate vice president Peter Lee.","title":"Key people"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"theory of computation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_computation"},{"link_name":"Computational linguistics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_linguistics"},{"link_name":"Computational science","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_science"},{"link_name":"Computer vision","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_vision"},{"link_name":"Computer systems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_systems"},{"link_name":"networking","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network"},{"link_name":"Data mining","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_mining"},{"link_name":"management","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_management"},{"link_name":"computational economics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_economics"},{"link_name":"Computer graphics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphics"},{"link_name":"Hardware","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware"},{"link_name":"embedded systems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system"},{"link_name":"Human–computer interaction","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction"},{"link_name":"AI for Social Good","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AI_for_Social_Good&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Machine learning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning"},{"link_name":"artificial intelligence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence"},{"link_name":"Mobile computing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computing"},{"link_name":"Quantum computing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing"},{"link_name":"Search","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine_technology"},{"link_name":"information retrieval","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_retrieval"},{"link_name":"knowledge management","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_management"},{"link_name":"Security","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_security"},{"link_name":"privacy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy"},{"link_name":"Social media","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media"},{"link_name":"Social sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science"},{"link_name":"Software development","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development"},{"link_name":"Programming tools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_tools"},{"link_name":"languages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languages"},{"link_name":"Speech recognition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_recognition"},{"link_name":"synthesis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_synthesis"},{"link_name":"dialog systems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialog_systems"},{"link_name":"emerging markets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerging_markets"},{"link_name":"Cryptocurrency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Microsoft research is categorized into the following broad areas:[7]Algorithms and theory of computation\nCommunication and collaboration\nComputational linguistics\nComputational science\nComputer vision\nComputer systems and networking\nData mining and management\nEconomics and computational economics\nEducation\nGaming\nComputer graphics and multimedia\nHardware and embedded systems\nHealth and well-being\nHuman–computer interaction\nAI for Social Good\nMachine learning and artificial intelligence\nMobile computing\nQuantum computing\nSearch, information retrieval, and knowledge management\nSecurity and privacy\nSocial media\nSocial sciences\nSoftware development\nProgramming tools and languages\nSpeech recognition, synthesis, and dialog systems\nTechnologies for emerging markets\nCryptocurrency[8]Microsoft Research sponsors the Microsoft Research Fellowship for graduate students.","title":"Research areas"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MSR-About-2017-9"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Microsoft_Research%27s_new_building_%2299%22.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beijing_Zhongguancun_Microsoft_Tower_2_%E5%BE%AE%E8%BB%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%882%E8%99%9F%E6%A8%93_May-2017.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Microsoft_Research%27s_soon-to-open_fancy_new_home_in_central_Cambridge._(8052982186).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Microsoft_Bangalore.jpg"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Roger Needham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Needham"},{"link_name":"Christopher Bishop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Bishop"},{"link_name":"Abigail Sellen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abigail_Sellen"},{"link_name":"University of Cambridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge"},{"link_name":"University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge_Computer_Laboratory"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Bengaluru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MSR-About-20190615-12"},{"link_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Michael Freedman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Freedman"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Delft University of Technology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delft_University_of_Technology"},{"link_name":"Purdue University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purdue_University"},{"link_name":"University of Copenhagen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen"},{"link_name":"University of Sydney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Sydney"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Jennifer Chayes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Chayes"},{"link_name":"Susan Dumais","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Dumais"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Maluuba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluuba"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Jim Gray","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Gray_(computer_scientist)"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"text":"Microsoft has research labs around the world including the following non-exhaustive list:[9]Microsoft Research RedmondMicrosoft Research Asia, BeijingMicrosoft Research CambridgeMicrosoft Research BangaloreMicrosoft Research Redmond was founded on the Microsoft Redmond campus in 1991. It has about 350 researchers and is headed by Donald Kossmann. The bulk of research on the Redmond, Washington campus focuses on areas such as theory, artificial intelligence, machine learning, systems and networking, security, privacy, human–computer interaction, and wearable technologies.[citation needed]\nMicrosoft Research Cambridge was founded in the United Kingdom in 1997 by Roger Needham and is headed by Christopher Bishop. Antony Rowstron and Abigail Sellen are Deputy Directors. The lab conducts research on topics including machine learning, security and information retrieval, and maintains close ties to the University of Cambridge and the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory.[citation needed]\nMicrosoft Research Asia (MSRA or MSR Asia) was founded in Beijing in November 1998. It has expanded rapidly and now has more than 300 researchers and developers, along with approximately 300 visiting scientists and students (including its new satellite office in Shanghai). Its focus includes natural user interfaces, multimedia, data-intensive computing, search and online advertising, natural language processing, and computer science fundamentals.[10] This lab forms part of the Microsoft Asia-Pacific Research and Development Group (ARD) R&D center, which also has campuses in Suzhou, Shenzhen, Tokyo, and Taipei.[11]\nMicrosoft Research India is sited in Bengaluru (Bangalore) and is headed by Sriram Rajamani.[12]\nMicrosoft Research Station Q, on the campus of the University of California, Santa Barbara, was founded in 2006.[13] Its collaborators explore theoretical and experimental approaches to creating the quantum analog of the traditional bit—the qubit. The group is led by Michael Freedman.[14] Its Quantum Architectures and Computation (QuARC) group is based in Redmond,[15] while other Station Q satellite locations exist on the campuses of Delft University of Technology, Purdue University, University of Copenhagen, and University of Sydney.[16]\nMicrosoft Research New England was established in 2008 in Cambridge, Massachusetts adjacent to the MIT campus by Jennifer Chayes who also managed the New York and Montreal labs. The lab is now managed by Susan Dumais. The lab collaborates with the broader research community and pursues interdisciplinary research that brings together computer scientists and social scientists to develop future applications.[17]\nMicrosoft Research New York City was established on May 3, 2012. Susan Dumais serves as Managing Director of this location as well as the New England and Montreal labs. The lab collaborates with academia and other Microsoft Research labs in computational and behavioral social sciences, computational economics and prediction markets, machine learning, and information retrieval.[18]\nMicrosoft Research Montreal was established after the acquisition of Maluuba by Microsoft in 2017. Susan Dumais serves as Managing Director of this location as well as the New England and New York City labs. The lab collaborates with academia and other Microsoft Research labs in natural language processing (specifically machine reading comprehension), deep learning and reinforcement learning.[19]\nGray Systems Lab, in Madison, Wisconsin. Named after Jim Gray, GSL opened in 2008 to research database technologies.[20]","title":"Research laboratories"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Mountain View, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_View,_California"},{"link_name":"distributed computing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computing"},{"link_name":"fault-tolerance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault-tolerant_computer_system"},{"link_name":"concurrency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_(computer_science)"},{"link_name":"computer architecture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture"},{"link_name":"internet search","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_search"}],"sub_title":"Former research laboratories","text":"Microsoft Research Silicon Valley,[21] located in Mountain View, California, was founded in August 2001 and closed in September 2014. Silicon Valley research focused on distributed computing and included security and privacy, protocols, fault-tolerance, large-scale systems, concurrency, computer architecture, internet search and services, and related theory.","title":"Research laboratories"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona_Supercomputing_Center"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"INRIA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INRIA"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University"},{"link_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"telematics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telematics"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"Novartis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novartis"},{"link_name":"artificial intelligence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence"},{"link_name":"personalized medicineresearch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalized_medicine"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"Syneos Health","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syneos_Health"},{"link_name":"machine learning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"}],"text":"Microsoft Research invests in multi-year collaborative joint research with academic institutions at Barcelona Supercomputing Center,[22] INRIA,[23] Carnegie Mellon University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), the Microsoft Research Centre for Social NUI and others.[24][25]Since 2016, Microsoft has partnered with Toyota Connected to research technology for telematics, data analytics and network security services.[26]In October 2019, Microsoft partnered with Novartis to apply artificial intelligence to enhance personalized medicineresearch.[27] Novartis and Microsoft join forces to develop drugs using AI\n[28]In 2023, Microsoft signed a multi-year deal to collaborate with Syneos Health in development of a platform to leverage machine learning for the optimization of clinical trials.[29]","title":"Collaborations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"Microsoft AI for Earth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_AI_for_Earth"}],"sub_title":"AI for Good","text":"Microsoft's \"AI for Good\" initiative represents a significant commitment to leveraging artificial intelligence technology for social and environmental benefits. This initiative is part of a broader vision by Microsoft to utilize AI in addressing some of the world's most challenging issues, including those related to health, the environment, accessibility, cultural heritage, and humanitarian action.[30] AI for Good includes topics like Microsoft AI for Earth.","title":"Collaborations"}]
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[{"reference":"Dina Bass, Jack Clark (25 January 2016). \"How Microsoft plans to beat Google and Facebook to the Next Tech Breakthrough\". Bloomberg. Retrieved 3 November 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-microsoft-research/","url_text":"\"How Microsoft plans to beat Google and Facebook to the Next Tech Breakthrough\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P.","url_text":"Bloomberg"}]},{"reference":"\"Rick Rashid: Emeritus Researcher\". Microsoft.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/people/rashid/","url_text":"\"Rick Rashid: Emeritus Researcher\""}]},{"reference":"McCraken, Harry (13 February 2019). \"Still Boldly Going\". Fast Company.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.fastcompany.com/90305091/this-is-microsofts-ai-pipeline-from-research-to-reality","url_text":"\"Still Boldly Going\""}]},{"reference":"\"Microsoft research and development expenses\". Notesmatic. 9 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://notesmatic.com/microsoft-research-and-development-expenses/","url_text":"\"Microsoft research and development expenses\""}]},{"reference":"Togyer, Jason (7 August 2009). \"Still Boldly Going\". CMU.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cs.cmu.edu/link/still-boldly-going","url_text":"\"Still Boldly Going\""}]},{"reference":"\"Microsoft Research – Emerging Technology, Computer, and Software Research\". Microsoft. Archived from the original on 29 April 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/","url_text":"\"Microsoft Research – Emerging Technology, Computer, and Software Research\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft","url_text":"Microsoft"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180429165820/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Microsoft wants to 'read people's brain waves' to mine cryptocurrency\". Independent.co.uk. 24 April 2020. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/microsoft-cryptocurrency-mining-brain-waves-body-data-bitcoin-a9480766.html","url_text":"\"Microsoft wants to 'read people's brain waves' to mine cryptocurrency\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent.co.uk","url_text":"Independent.co.uk"},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220514/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/microsoft-cryptocurrency-mining-brain-waves-body-data-bitcoin-a9480766.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"About Research at Microsoft – Microsoft Research\". Microsoft. Archived from the original on 11 December 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161211040256/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/about/","url_text":"\"About Research at Microsoft – Microsoft Research\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft","url_text":"Microsoft"},{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/about/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"关于研究院 - 微软亚洲研究院\". www.msra.cn.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.msra.cn/zh-cn/about","url_text":"\"关于研究院 - 微软亚洲研究院\""}]},{"reference":"\"Microsoft Asia-Pacific R&D Group\". Microsoft.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/ard/overview","url_text":"\"Microsoft Asia-Pacific R&D Group\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft","url_text":"Microsoft"}]},{"reference":"\"About Research at Microsoft – Microsoft Research\". Microsoft. Archived from the original on 11 December 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/about/","url_text":"\"About Research at Microsoft – Microsoft Research\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161211040256/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/about/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Markoff, John (23 June 2014). \"Microsoft Makes Bet Quantum Computing Is Next Breakthrough\". The New York Times.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/24/technology/microsoft-makes-a-bet-on-quantum-computing-research.html","url_text":"\"Microsoft Makes Bet Quantum Computing Is Next Breakthrough\""}]},{"reference":"Fabinger, Michal; Freedman, Michael H.; Weyl, E. Glen (2022). \"Prospecting a Possible Quadratic Wormhole Between Quantum Mechanics and Plurality\". arXiv:2209.08144 [econ.TH].","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)","url_text":"arXiv"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.08144","url_text":"2209.08144"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/archive/econ.TH","url_text":"econ.TH"}]},{"reference":"\"Station Q: the Quest for a Quantum Future\". Microsoft. 24 July 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/station-q-the-quest-for-a-quantum-future/","url_text":"\"Station Q: the Quest for a Quantum Future\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft","url_text":"Microsoft"}]},{"reference":"\"Microsoft's Station Q Sydney investment intensifies global effort to build a quantum economy\". Microsoft Australia.","urls":[{"url":"https://news.microsoft.com/en-au/features/microsofts-station-q-sydney-investment-intensifies-global-effort-build-quantum-economy/","url_text":"\"Microsoft's Station Q Sydney investment intensifies global effort to build a quantum economy\""}]},{"reference":"\"Microsoft Research New England\". Microsoft.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/lab/microsoft-research-new-england/","url_text":"\"Microsoft Research New England\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft","url_text":"Microsoft"}]},{"reference":"\"Microsoft Research New York\". Microsoft. 16 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/lab/microsoft-research-new-york/","url_text":"\"Microsoft Research New York\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft","url_text":"Microsoft"}]},{"reference":"\"Microsoft Research Montreal\". Microsoft.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/lab/microsoft-research-montreal/","url_text":"\"Microsoft Research Montreal\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft","url_text":"Microsoft"}]},{"reference":"\"Class of 18th September 2014\". MSR Silicon Valley. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210124081231/http://msrsvc.org/","url_text":"\"Class of 18th September 2014\""},{"url":"http://msrsvc.org/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"BSC-Microsoft Research Centre - BSC-Microsoft Research Centre\". Retrieved 26 January 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bscmsrc.eu/","url_text":"\"BSC-Microsoft Research Centre - BSC-Microsoft Research Centre\""}]},{"reference":"\"Microsoft Research Inria Joint Centre\". Archived from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20120629073928/http://www.msr-inria.inria.fr/","url_text":"\"Microsoft Research Inria Joint Centre\""},{"url":"http://www.msr-inria.inria.fr/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Academic Programs - Microsoft Research\". Archived from the original on 14 December 2008. Retrieved 26 January 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081214173917/http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/collaboration/institutes/default.aspx","url_text":"\"Academic Programs - Microsoft Research\""},{"url":"http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/collaboration/institutes/default.aspx","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Microsoft India Development Center - MSIDC\". www.microsoft.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-in/msidc/","url_text":"\"Microsoft India Development Center - MSIDC\""}]},{"reference":"Lippert, John (4 April 2016). \"Toyota, Microsoft Team Up on Connected-Car Technologies\". Bloomberg.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-04/toyota-microsoft-form-joint-venture-for-connected-technologies","url_text":"\"Toyota, Microsoft Team Up on Connected-Car Technologies\""}]},{"reference":"Neville, Sarah (1 October 2019).","urls":[]},{"reference":"Waters, Richard; Neville, Sarah (October 2019). \"Novartis and Microsoft join forces to develop drugs using AI\". Financial Times.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ft.com/content/93e532ee-e3a5-11e9-b112-9624ec9edc59","url_text":"\"Novartis and Microsoft join forces to develop drugs using AI\""}]},{"reference":"Keenan, Joseph (20 March 2023). \"Syneos in AI-focused pact with Microsoft to speed up trials\". Fierce Biotech.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.fiercebiotech.com/cro/syneos-pact-microsoft-speed-trial-commercial-drug-development","url_text":"\"Syneos in AI-focused pact with Microsoft to speed up trials\""}]},{"reference":"\"Using AI for Good with Microsoft AI\". Microsoft. Retrieved 13 December 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/ai/ai-for-good","url_text":"\"Using AI for Good with Microsoft AI\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnadenia_rhellicani
Gymnadenia rhellicani
["1 Description","2 Distribution","3 Taxonomy","4 References","5 External links"]
Species of orchid Gymnadenia rhellicani Conservation status Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Order: Asparagales Family: Orchidaceae Subfamily: Orchidoideae Genus: Gymnadenia Species: G. rhellicani Binomial name Gymnadenia rhellicani(Teppner & E. Klein) Teppner & E. Klein Synonyms Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & E. Klein Nigritella nigra subsp. rhellicani (Teppner & E. Klein) H. Baumann, Künkele & R. Lorenz Gymnadenia rhellicani (common name: dark vanilla orchid or black vanilla orchid) is a European species of orchid. Description Gymnadenia rhellicani grows 5–22 centimetres (2.0–8.7 in) high, with a dense, globose to cylindrical inflorescence of red-brown to chocolate-brown flowers with a chocolate-like aroma. Some plants, especially in the south of the species' range have noticeably paler flowers. Distribution Gymnadenia rhellicani grows in the Alps and Carpathians at elevations of 1,000–2,800 metres (3,300–9,200 ft). Taxonomy The species was described as a distinct species in 1990 by Herwig Teppner and Erich Klein, who noted that it was diploid and reproduced sexually, in contrast to the rest of the wider Gymnadenia nigra group, which is polyploid and apomictic. At the time, all these taxa were in the genus Nigritella, but that was later subsumed into Gymnadenia. The specific epithet rhellicanus commemorates Johannes Rhellicanus, who made the earliest attributed description of the species in 1536. Rhellicanus himself called the plant Christimanus (Latin: Christi manus 'Christ's hand').: 222  References ^ a b c Rankou, H. (2011). "Gymnadenia rhellicani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T175979A7161210. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T175979A7161210.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021. ^ Perry, Julian (2014). Walking in Bulgaria's National Parks. Kendal, UK: Cicerone. p. 188. ^ "Nigritella rhellicani (Black Vanilla Orchid)". The Alpine Flora of Zermatt, Switzerland. Retrieved December 28, 2019. ^ "Gymnadenia rhellicani – Black Vanilla Orchid". First Nature. Retrieved December 28, 2019. ^ a b c d Herwig Teppner & Erich Klein (1990). "Nigritella rhellicani spec. nova und N. nigra (L.) Rchb. f. s. str. (Orchidaceae - Orchideae)" (PDF). Phyton. 31 (1). Horn, Austria: 5–26. ^ "Nigritella rhellicani". albiflora.eu. Retrieved 2022-02-22. ^ Ludwig, Walther (1983). "Die 'Stockhornias' Des Joannes Rhellicanus". Humanistica Lovaniensia (in German). 32. Leuven University Press: 218–24. External links Media related to Gymnadenia rhellicani at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Gymnadenia rhellicani at Wikispecies vteOrchid of the Year in Germany Western marsh orchid (1989) Pyramidal orchid (1990) Green-winged orchid (1991) Common twayblade (1992) Military orchid (1993) Fen orchid (1994) Bee orchid (1995) Lady's-slipper orchid (1996) Bug orchid (1997) Marsh helleborine (1998) Lizard orchid (1999) Red helleborine (2000) Autumn lady's-tresses (2001) Bird's-nest orchid (2002) Fly orchid (2003) Frog orchid (2004) Burnt orchid (2005) Broad-leaved helleborine (2006) Nigritella nigra subsp. rhellicani (2007) Southern marsh orchid (2008) Early purple orchid (2009) Lady's-slipper orchid (2010) Lesser butterfly orchid (2011) Orchis pallens (2012) Lady orchid (2013) Ghost orchid (2014) Early marsh orchid (2015) Summer lady's-tresses (2016) White helleborine (2017) Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. sphagnicola (2018) Three-toothed orchid (2019) Broad-leaved marsh orchid (2020) Creeping lady's-tresses (2021) Dark red helleborine (2022) Taxon identifiersGymnadenia rhellicani Wikidata: Q15478148 Wikispecies: Gymnadenia rhellicani ARKive: gymnadenia-rhellicani BOLD: 601607 CoL: 3HP4M EPPO: NGTRH GBIF: 2840460 iNaturalist: 199181 IPNI: 1003517-1 IUCN: 175979 NCBI: 1126420 Observation.org: 156638 Open Tree of Life: 505904 Plant List: kew-93730 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1003517-1 Species+: 72221 Tropicos: 100199786 WFO: wfo-0000976664 Nigritella rhellicani Wikidata: Q39349285 CoL: 7XHCY GBIF: 5323920 IPNI: 940760-1 PFI: 8210 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:940760-1 Tropicos: 23513528 WFO: wfo-0000251921
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sund%C3%A5s_Fort
Sundås battery
["1 See also","2 References"]
Coordinates: 59°10′28″N 10°19′36″E / 59.1745°N 10.3268°E / 59.1745; 10.3268Historical Norwegian landmark 59°10′28″N 10°19′36″E / 59.1745°N 10.3268°E / 59.1745; 10.3268 Sundås battery (Norwegian: Sundås batteri) is a defunct coastal artillery site located at Sundåsen in Sandefjord Municipality (historically part of Stokke Municipality) in Vestfold county, Norway. The fortifications were constructed in 1899 during turbulent times with Sweden during the Union between Sweden and Norway. It was part of the newly established Norwegian Coastal Artillery (Kystartilleriet). The fort was erected to keep potential enemies from entering the Tønsberg area by sea, and was also meant to protect the Marine harbor in the village of Melsomvik. Work on the fort began in 1897, and the forts at both Håøya Island and Sundåsen were completed in 1899. Trenches, commando posts, fencing, concrete gun pits, and other remains from the fort can still be seen at Sundås. The fort lies by the Tønsbergfjorden with surrounding views of Færder Lighthouse and islands such as Håøya, Tjøme, Veierland, and Nøtterøy. The cannons were dismantled by German occupational forces in 1942 during the German occupation of Norway and moved to other fortifications elsewhere in Norway. After the war, the battery reverted to the Norwegian Armed Forces who managed the property until 1962 when an agreement for maintenance and management was made with the municipality in return for public access. In 2005, the area was sold off to Stokke municipality. The fortifications were originally constructed to protect the marine harbor in Melsomvik from a potential Swedish invasion. Views from the fort include the Tønsbergfjord, the Swedish coastline in the east, and the Skrim mountains in the west. See also Melsomvik List of forts in Norway References ^ Gjerseth, Simen (2016). Nye Sandefjord (in Norwegian). Liv forlag. p. 43. ISBN 9788283301137. ^ "Sundås". Forsvarsbygg.no. Retrieved 2021-08-08. ^ "Sundåsen batteri". Kystfort.info. Retrieved 2021-08-08. ^ "Sundåsen fort Stokke". Oslofjorden.com. Retrieved 8 August 2021. ^ Larsen, Erlend (2011). På Tur i Vestfold del 2 (in Norwegian). E-forlag. pp. 347–349. ISBN 9788293057222. This military base or fortification article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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The fortifications were constructed in 1899 during turbulent times with Sweden during the Union between Sweden and Norway.[1] It was part of the newly established Norwegian Coastal Artillery (Kystartilleriet). The fort was erected to keep potential enemies from entering the Tønsberg area by sea, and was also meant to protect the Marine harbor in the village of Melsomvik. Work on the fort began in 1897, and the forts at both Håøya Island and Sundåsen were completed in 1899. Trenches, commando posts, fencing, concrete gun pits, and other remains from the fort can still be seen at Sundås. The fort lies by the Tønsbergfjorden with surrounding views of Færder Lighthouse and islands such as Håøya, Tjøme, Veierland, and Nøtterøy. The cannons were dismantled by German occupational forces in 1942 during the German occupation of Norway and moved to other fortifications elsewhere in Norway. After the war, the battery reverted to the Norwegian Armed Forces who managed the property until 1962 when an agreement for maintenance and management was made with the municipality in return for public access. In 2005, the area was sold off to Stokke municipality.[2][3][4]The fortifications were originally constructed to protect the marine harbor in Melsomvik from a potential Swedish invasion. Views from the fort include the Tønsbergfjord, the Swedish coastline in the east, and the Skrim mountains in the west.[5]","title":"Sundås battery"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_Louisiana_Lions
Southeastern Louisiana Lions and Lady Lions
["1 Sports sponsored","1.1 Baseball","1.2 Men's basketball","1.3 Women's basketball","1.4 Women's beach volleyball","1.5 Football","1.6 Softball","2 National championships","2.1 Team","3 Traditions","3.1 \"Lion Up!\" cheer and gesture","4 See also","5 References","6 External links"]
Intercollegiate sports teams of Southern Louisiana University Athletic teams representing Southeastern Louisiana University Southeastern Louisiana LionsUniversitySoutheastern Louisiana UniversityConferenceSouthland ConferenceNCAADivision I (FCS)Athletic directorJay ArtiguesLocationHammond, LouisianaVarsity teams14Football stadiumStrawberry StadiumBasketball arenaUniversity CenterBaseball stadiumPat Kenelly Diamond at Alumni FieldSoftball stadiumNorth Oak ParkSoccer stadiumSoutheastern Soccer ComplexOther venuesSoutheastern Tennis ComplexSoutheastern Track ComplexMascotRoomie the LionNicknameLions and Lady LionsColorsGreen and gold   Websitewww.lionsports.net The Southeastern Louisiana Lions and Lady Lions are composed of 14 teams representing Southeastern Louisiana University in intercollegiate athletics, competing in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Southland Conference. Sports sponsored Men's sports Women's sports Baseball Basketball Basketball Beach volleyball Cross country Cross country Football Soccer Golf Softball Track and field† Tennis Track and field† Volleyball † – Track and field includes both indoor and outdoor Baseball Main article: Southeastern Louisiana Lions baseball The Southeastern Louisiana Lions baseball team represents Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, Louisiana. The team is a member of the Southland Conference, which is part of the NCAA Division I. The team plays its home games at Pat Kenelly Diamond at Alumni Field. Men's basketball Main article: Southeastern Louisiana Lions basketball The Southeastern Louisiana Lions basketball team represents Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, Louisiana. The school's team currently competes in the Southland Conference, which is part of the NCAA Division I. The team plays its home games at the University Center. Women's basketball Main article: Southeastern Louisiana Lady Lions basketball The Southeastern Louisiana Lady Lions basketball team represents Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, Louisiana. The school's team currently competes in the Southland Conference, which is part of the NCAA Division I. The team plays its home games at the University Center. Women's beach volleyball The Southeastern Louisiana Lions women's beach volleyball team represents Southeastern Louisiana University in Division I women's beach volleyball in the Southland Conference. The team first played in spring 2020. Football Main article: Southeastern Louisiana Lions football The Southeastern Louisiana Lions football team represents Southeastern Louisiana University located in Hammond, Louisiana. The team competes in the Southland Conference, which is part of Division I FCS. The team plays its home games at Strawberry Stadium. Softball Main article: Southeastern Louisiana Lady Lions softball The Southeastern Louisiana Lady Lions softball team represents Southeastern Louisiana University located in Hammond, Louisiana. The team competes in the Southland Conference, which is part of the NCAA Division I. The team plays its home games at North Oak Park. National championships Team Sport Association Division Year Opponent/Runner-up Score Men's outdoor track and field (1) NAIA Single 1975 Eastern New Mexico 68–63 (+5) Traditions "Lion Up!" cheer and gesture In 2014 all Southeastern athletic teams adopted the Texas Tech University hand gesture and modified the related "Guns Up!" cheer to "Lion Up!" The gesture's "L" shape thus stands for "Lion" instead of the pistol it represents at Texas Tech. See also List of NCAA Division I institutions References ^ "SLU Athletics Branding". July 27, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2022. ^ a b "Southeastern Louisiana University". ncaa.com. Retrieved November 6, 2019. ^ "Southeastern Louisiana". d1baseball.com. Retrieved November 7, 2019. ^ "Southeastern Louisiana Lions School Men's Basketball History". sports-reference.com. Retrieved November 7, 2019. ^ "SLU Women's Basketball". lionsports.net. Retrieved November 7, 2019. ^ a b "White Named Head of SLU Volleyball Program, Beach Volleyball Added as NCAA Sport". lionsports.net. Retrieved December 2, 2019. ^ "SLU Softball". lionsports.net. Retrieved November 6, 2019. ^ "NAIA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship Results" (PDF). NAIA Sports Information Directors Manual. NAIA. Retrieved 26 May 2022. ^ Artigues, Jay (August 29, 2014). "Luncheon address". Hammond Chamber of Commerce. Hammond, Louisiana. Artigues was Athletic Director at Southeastern at the time the gesture was adopted and the cheer adapted. ^ "Southeastern Names Jay Artigues Director of Athletics". lionsports.net. October 14, 2013. Retrieved June 11, 2014. External links Official website vteSoutheastern Louisiana UniversityCampus Columbia Theatre for the Performing Arts North Oak Park Pat Kenelly Diamond at Alumni Field Strawberry Stadium University Center Athletics Southeastern Louisiana Lions and Lady Lions Baseball Men's basketball Women's basketball Football Softball Media KSLU Louisiana Literature vteSouthland ConferenceMembers Houston Christian Huskies Incarnate Word Cardinals Lamar Cardinals and Lady Cardinals McNeese Cowboys and Cowgirls Nicholls State Colonels New Orleans Privateers Northwestern State Demons and Lady Demons Southeastern Louisiana Lions and Lady Lions Texas A&M–Commerce Lions Texas A&M–Corpus Christi Islanders Future members Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks and Ladyjacks (rejoining in 2024) UTRGV Vaqueros (joining in 2024–25, adding football in 2025) Beach volleyball-only members Boise State Broncos San Jose State Spartans Golf-only members Augusta Jaguars (men & women) Francis Marion Patriots (men) Tennis-only members NJIT Highlanders (men & women) Multi-sport affiliate Bryant Bulldogs (men's & women's golf and tennis) Related entities Southland Bowling League (2015–2023) vteSports teams based in LouisianaBasketball NBA New Orleans Pelicans Football NFL New Orleans Saints AFL Louisiana VooDoo Hockey NAHL Shreveport Mudbugs FPHL Baton Rouge Zydeco Rugby MLR New Orleans Gold Soccer NPSL New Orleans Jesters USL2 Louisiana Krewe FC College athletics(NCAA Division I) Grambling State Louisiana Louisiana–Monroe Louisiana Tech LSU McNeese New Orleans Nicholls Northwestern State Southeastern Louisiana Southern Tulane This article about a sports team in Louisiana is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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The team plays its home games at the University Center.","title":"Sports sponsored"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"University Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_Center_(Southeastern_Louisiana)"}],"sub_title":"Women's basketball","text":"The Southeastern Louisiana Lady Lions basketball team represents Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, Louisiana.[5] The school's team currently competes in the Southland Conference, which is part of the NCAA Division I. The team plays its home games at the University Center.","title":"Sports sponsored"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Southeastern Louisiana Lions women's beach volleyball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_Louisiana_Lions_women%27s_beach_volleyball"},{"link_name":"Southland Conference","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southland_Conference"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SLU_Beach_Volleyball_Established-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SLU_Beach_Volleyball_Established-6"}],"sub_title":"Women's beach volleyball","text":"The Southeastern Louisiana Lions women's beach volleyball team represents Southeastern Louisiana University in Division I women's beach volleyball in the Southland Conference.[6] The team first played in spring 2020.[6]","title":"Sports sponsored"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NCAA-2"},{"link_name":"Strawberry Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry_Stadium"}],"sub_title":"Football","text":"The Southeastern Louisiana Lions football team represents Southeastern Louisiana University located in Hammond, Louisiana.[2] The team competes in the Southland Conference, which is part of Division I FCS. The team plays its home games at Strawberry Stadium.","title":"Sports sponsored"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"North Oak Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Oak_Park"}],"sub_title":"Softball","text":"The Southeastern Louisiana Lady Lions softball team represents Southeastern Louisiana University located in Hammond, Louisiana.[7] The team competes in the Southland Conference, which is part of the NCAA Division I. The team plays its home games at North Oak Park.","title":"Sports sponsored"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"National championships"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Team","title":"National championships"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Traditions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Texas Tech University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Tech_Red_Raiders"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"sub_title":"\"Lion Up!\" cheer and gesture","text":"In 2014 all Southeastern athletic teams adopted the Texas Tech University hand gesture and modified the related \"Guns Up!\" cheer to \"Lion Up!\" The gesture's \"L\" shape thus stands for \"Lion\" instead of the pistol it represents at Texas Tech.[9][10]","title":"Traditions"}]
[]
[{"title":"List of NCAA Division I institutions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_institutions"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbinger_Capital_Partners
Harbinger Capital
["1 History","2 SEC settlement","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"]
American private hedge fund Not to be confused with Harbinger Group. Harbinger Capital PartnersCompany typePrivate companyIndustryFinancialsFounded2001 in Birmingham, Alabama by Harbert Management CorporationHeadquartersNew York City, New York, USAKey peoplePhilip Falcone (Senior Managing Director)AUM$336 millionWebsitewww.harbingercapital.com Harbinger Capital Partners is a private hedge fund based in New York City, New York, founded by Philip Falcone. Harbinger is a highly diversified multi-strategy hedge fund. Notable investments have included sub-prime mortgages in the United States and the United Kingdom, such as HBOS, and LightSquared, a wireless communications company that filed bankruptcy in 2012. History Harbinger was founded in 2001 by Philip Falcone and Harbert Management Corporation, a Birmingham, Alabama-based investment company that provided much of the original funding. Harbinger had funds under management of $26.5 billion (£13.4 billion) as of the end of June 2008. In 2009, Harbinger acquired the ownership of its funds from Harbert. Also in 2009, Harbinger acquired controlling stock of the Zapata Corporation from the Glazer family and changed its name to The Harbinger Group Inc. (NYSE: HRG). The hedge fund is based in New York, New York. The firm's hedge funds include the Harbinger Capital Partners Master Fund, the Credit Distressed BlueLine Fund, and Harbinger Capital Partners Special Situations Fund. Harbinger has owned large stakes in The New York Times Company, Cleveland-Cliffs, and 28% stock ownership of satellite communications company Inmarsat. The company has also owned stakes in rival satellite operators SkyTerra and Terrestar, and British sugar producer Tate & Lyle. The company was ranked on the Wall Street Journal's "The Hedge Fund 100" list in 2008 and 2009. According to press accounts the assets under management at Harbinger peaked at $26 billion in 2008 and had declined to approximately $9 billion as of 2010 due to sizeable investor redemptions with approximately 40% of that total (approximately $3.5 billion) concentrated in investments related to building a high-speed wireless network in the United States. Harbinger Capital, which owned Russell Hobbs, merged it with Spectrum Brands on June 16, 2010 for $661 million and now controls approximately 64% of the appliance maker, Spectrum. In November 2014, Falcone announced his resignation as chief executive and chairman from Harbinger Group HRG, whose second-biggest shareholder is Harbinger Capital. Falcone was paid a lump sum of $40.3 million upon his resignation. In March 2015, the lawsuit accusing Falcone and Harbinger Capital Partners of "misleading investors about the firm's stake in LightSquared Inc." was dismissed. That same month, a judge approved Harbinger Capital's restructuring plan of LightSquared, which paid off lender Charlie Ergen, and put LightSquared in the hands of investors, including JP Morgan Chase. As part of the deal, Harbinger maintained 44% equity, but Falcone would no longer be involved in day-to-day operations. As of 2015, the top equity holdings of the firm were in the shares of the following companies: Spectrum Brands Inc, Harbinger Group Inc, North American Energy Partners Inc, and EXCO Resources Inc. In December 2017, Harbinger Capital Partners filed a lawsuit against Apollo Global Management, alleging fraud over "pouring" "$2 billion into the ill-fated wireless venture formerly known as LightSquared Inc." SEC settlement In August 2013, the firm reached a settlement with the SEC agreeing to pay more than $18 million and admit wrongdoing. As part of the settlement, Harbinger Senior Managing Director Philip Falcone was also barred from the securities industry for at least five years, but it did not prohibit him from working as an officer or director of a public company. Among the SEC's multiple allegations were that Falcone misused fund assets and diverted fund assets for personal use, that the fund engaged in redemption and other practices that favored certain investors over others, and that fund attempted to conduct an improper short squeeze on the bonds of Canadian manufacturing firm, partially in retaliation against a competitor investment firm. Harbinger and Falcone largely admitted to these allegations in the settlement. July 4, 2014, the U.S. Security and Exchange Commission's Office of the Whistleblower issued a "Final Order" in matter number 2012 -81 ruling that rejected a claim made by an individual requesting a reward for assisting in the investigation. The SEC rejected the claim, asserting in the "Claimant did not provide information that led to the successful enforcement" and denying the application. See also Harbert Management Corporation HRG Group References ^ a b Foley, Stephen (14 November 2008). "Hands up if you made billions of dollars out of the credit crisis". The Independent. Retrieved 6 August 2014. ^ a b "How to Lose $2 Billion in 10 Years: Unpaid Bills Pile Up for Former Hedge-Fund Star". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 9 December 2021. ^ HERBST-BAYLISS, SVEA (13 November 2008). "Falcone makes big bet on food products". Reuters. Retrieved 10 April 2015. ^ Burton, Katherine. "JPMorgan, Renaissance Trail Hedge-Fund Gains in 2007". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 6 August 2014. ^ "Our Investor". Lightsquared. Retrieved 6 August 2014. ^ Scurria, Andrew (26 December 2017). "Harbinger Capital Sues Apollo Global Management Over LightSquared Losses". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2019-10-03. ^ a b "Company Overview of Harbinger Capital Partners LLC". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 9 April 2015. ^ "Harbinger Capital Imposes Limits on Withdrawals". Financial Times. January 11, 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2014. ^ a b Costello, Miles (2008-07-08). "Inmarsat soars as Harbinger Capital considers bid". Archived from the original on 2011-06-12. ^ Weiss, Miles (June 29, 2009). "Manchester United Owner Glazer Turns to Falcone". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 6 August 2014. ^ "Harbinger Capital Partners". Hedge Tracker. Retrieved 6 August 2014. ^ "The Hedge Fund 100" (PDF). Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 April 2015. ^ "Top 100 Hedge Funds" (PDF). Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 April 2015. ^ "Lisa Falcone: Who You Calling 'Wife of'?". Business Week. September 16, 2010. Archived from the original on September 19, 2010. Retrieved 6 August 2014. ^ Newman, Judy (11 June 2010). "Shareholders of Spectrum Brands approve merger with Russell Hobbs". madison.com. Retrieved 2019-10-03. ^ Vardi, Nathan (25 November 2014). "Phil Falcone Resigns From Harbinger Group, Collects $40.3 Million". Forbes. Retrieved 9 April 2015. ^ Goldstein, Matthew (25 November 2014). "Philip Falcone, Hedge Fund Chief in Exile, Is Stepping Down". New York Times. Retrieved 10 April 2015. ^ Van Voris, Bob. "Harbinger Investor Suit Over Lightsquared Dismissed by Judge". No. 30 March 2015. Bloomberg Business. Retrieved 9 April 2015. ^ Scurria, Andrew. "Harbinger Capital Sues Apollo Global Management Over LightSquared Losses". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 31, 2017. ^ Chung, Juliet; Checkler, Joseph (25 November 2014). "Falcone to Depart Harbinger Group, Focus on Separate Company". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 April 2015. ^ "Philip Falcone and Harbinger Capital Agree to Settlement". Securities & Exchange Commission. Retrieved 6 August 2014. ^ "Order Administering Cease-and-Desist Proceedings - Harbinger Capital Partners, LLC" (PDF). Securities & Exchange Commission. Retrieved 6 August 2014. ^ "In the Matter of Harbinger Capital Partners, LLC, File No. 3-14928 PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION OF THE CLAIMS REVIEW STAFF" (PDF). Securities & Exchange Commission. Retrieved 6 August 2014. External links Harbinger Capital Partners Website
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Harbinger is a highly diversified multi-strategy hedge fund.[3] Notable investments have included sub-prime mortgages in the United States and the United Kingdom, such as HBOS,[1][4] and LightSquared, a wireless communications company that filed bankruptcy in 2012.[5][6]","title":"Harbinger Capital"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-overview-7"},{"link_name":"Philip Falcone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Falcone"},{"link_name":"Harbert Management Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbert_Management_Corporation"},{"link_name":"Birmingham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama"},{"link_name":"Alabama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-timesonline-9"},{"link_name":"Zapata Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapata_Corporation"},{"link_name":"Glazer family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avram_Glazer"},{"link_name":"NYSE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYSE"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-overview-7"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"The New York Times Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company"},{"link_name":"Cleveland-Cliffs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland-Cliffs"},{"link_name":"Inmarsat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmarsat"},{"link_name":"SkyTerra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SkyTerra"},{"link_name":"Terrestar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestar"},{"link_name":"Tate & Lyle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tate_%26_Lyle"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-timesonline-9"},{"link_name":"Wall Street Journal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WSJ-Hedge_Fund_100-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2009_ranking-13"},{"link_name":"assets under management","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assets_under_management"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Russell Hobbs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Hobbs"},{"link_name":"Spectrum Brands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_Brands"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-position-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-aum-2"},{"link_name":"Apollo Global Management","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Global_Management"},{"link_name":"LightSquared","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LightSquared"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wsj-fraud-19"}],"text":"Harbinger was founded in 2001[7] by Philip Falcone and Harbert Management Corporation, a Birmingham, Alabama-based investment company that provided much of the original funding. Harbinger had funds under management of $26.5 billion (£13.4 billion) as of the end of June 2008.[8][9] In 2009, Harbinger acquired the ownership of its funds from Harbert. Also in 2009, Harbinger acquired controlling stock of the Zapata Corporation from the Glazer family and changed its name to The Harbinger Group Inc. (NYSE: HRG).[10] The hedge fund is based in New York, New York.[7] The firm's hedge funds include the Harbinger Capital Partners Master Fund, the Credit Distressed BlueLine Fund, and Harbinger Capital Partners Special Situations Fund.[11]Harbinger has owned large stakes in The New York Times Company, Cleveland-Cliffs, and 28% stock ownership of satellite communications company Inmarsat. The company has also owned stakes in rival satellite operators SkyTerra and Terrestar, and British sugar producer Tate & Lyle.[9] The company was ranked on the Wall Street Journal's \"The Hedge Fund 100\" list in 2008 and 2009.[12][13] According to press accounts the assets under management at Harbinger peaked at $26 billion in 2008 and had declined to approximately $9 billion as of 2010 due to sizeable investor redemptions with approximately 40% of that total (approximately $3.5 billion) concentrated in investments related to building a high-speed wireless network in the United States.[14]Harbinger Capital, which owned Russell Hobbs, merged it with Spectrum Brands on June 16, 2010 for $661 million and now controls approximately 64% of the appliance maker, Spectrum.[15]In November 2014, Falcone announced his resignation as chief executive and chairman from Harbinger Group HRG, whose second-biggest shareholder is Harbinger Capital. Falcone was paid a lump sum of $40.3 million upon his resignation.[16][17]In March 2015, the lawsuit accusing Falcone and Harbinger Capital Partners of \"misleading investors about the firm's stake in LightSquared Inc.\" was dismissed.[18] That same month, a judge approved Harbinger Capital's restructuring plan of LightSquared, which paid off lender Charlie Ergen, and put LightSquared in the hands of investors, including JP Morgan Chase. As part of the deal, Harbinger maintained 44% equity, but Falcone would no longer be involved in day-to-day operations.[citation needed]As of 2015, the top equity holdings of the firm were in the shares of the following companies: Spectrum Brands Inc, Harbinger Group Inc, North American Energy Partners Inc, and EXCO Resources Inc.[2]In December 2017, Harbinger Capital Partners filed a lawsuit against Apollo Global Management, alleging fraud over \"pouring\" \"$2 billion into the ill-fated wireless venture formerly known as LightSquared Inc.\"[19]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WSJ_officer-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"U.S. Security and Exchange Commission's Office of the Whistleblower","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEC_Office_of_the_Whistleblower"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"In August 2013, the firm reached a settlement with the SEC agreeing to pay more than $18 million and admit wrongdoing. As part of the settlement, Harbinger Senior Managing Director Philip Falcone was also barred from the securities industry for at least five years, but it did not prohibit him from working as an officer or director of a public company.[20] Among the SEC's multiple allegations were that Falcone misused fund assets and diverted fund assets for personal use, that the fund engaged in redemption and other practices that favored certain investors over others, and that fund attempted to conduct an improper short squeeze on the bonds of Canadian manufacturing firm, partially in retaliation against a competitor investment firm. Harbinger and Falcone largely admitted to these allegations in the settlement.[21]July 4, 2014, the U.S. Security and Exchange Commission's Office of the Whistleblower issued a \"Final Order\" in matter number 2012 -81[22] ruling that rejected a claim made by an individual requesting a reward for assisting in the investigation. The SEC rejected the claim, asserting in the \"Claimant did not provide information that led to the successful enforcement\" and denying the application.[23]","title":"SEC settlement"}]
[]
[{"title":"Harbert Management Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbert_Management_Corporation"},{"title":"HRG Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HRG_Group"}]
[{"reference":"Foley, Stephen (14 November 2008). \"Hands up if you made billions of dollars out of the credit crisis\". The Independent. Retrieved 6 August 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/hands-up-if-you-made-billions-of-dollars-out-of-the-credit-crisis-1017955.html?action=Popup&ino=5","url_text":"\"Hands up if you made billions of dollars out of the credit crisis\""}]},{"reference":"\"How to Lose $2 Billion in 10 Years: Unpaid Bills Pile Up for Former Hedge-Fund Star\". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 9 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-to-lose-2-billion-in-10-years-unpaid-bills-pile-up-for-former-hedge-fund-star-11639051201","url_text":"\"How to Lose $2 Billion in 10 Years: Unpaid Bills Pile Up for Former Hedge-Fund Star\""}]},{"reference":"HERBST-BAYLISS, SVEA (13 November 2008). \"Falcone makes big bet on food products\". Reuters. Retrieved 10 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-jw-smartmoney-falcone-newsmaker-idUSTRE64Q60U20100527","url_text":"\"Falcone makes big bet on food products\""}]},{"reference":"Burton, Katherine. \"JPMorgan, Renaissance Trail Hedge-Fund Gains in 2007\". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 6 August 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=a1sW_.0wEhII&refer=home","url_text":"\"JPMorgan, Renaissance Trail Hedge-Fund Gains in 2007\""}]},{"reference":"\"Our Investor\". Lightsquared. Retrieved 6 August 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.lightsquared.com/about-us/our-investor/","url_text":"\"Our Investor\""}]},{"reference":"Scurria, Andrew (26 December 2017). \"Harbinger Capital Sues Apollo Global Management Over LightSquared Losses\". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2019-10-03.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/harbinger-capital-sues-apollo-global-management-over-lightsquared-losses-1514321972","url_text":"\"Harbinger Capital Sues Apollo Global Management Over LightSquared Losses\""}]},{"reference":"\"Company Overview of Harbinger Capital Partners LLC\". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 9 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=9471328","url_text":"\"Company Overview of Harbinger Capital Partners LLC\""}]},{"reference":"\"Harbinger Capital Imposes Limits on Withdrawals\". Financial Times. January 11, 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a93cca04-e018-11dd-9ee9-000077b07658.html","url_text":"\"Harbinger Capital Imposes Limits on Withdrawals\""}]},{"reference":"Costello, Miles (2008-07-08). \"Inmarsat soars as Harbinger Capital considers bid\". Archived from the original on 2011-06-12.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110612121100/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article4289635.ece","url_text":"\"Inmarsat soars as Harbinger Capital considers bid\""},{"url":"http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article4289635.ece","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Weiss, Miles (June 29, 2009). \"Manchester United Owner Glazer Turns to Falcone\". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 6 August 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aozeLSutM_QU","url_text":"\"Manchester United Owner Glazer Turns to Falcone\""}]},{"reference":"\"Harbinger Capital Partners\". Hedge Tracker. Retrieved 6 August 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.hedgetracker.com/harbinger.php","url_text":"\"Harbinger Capital Partners\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Hedge Fund 100\" (PDF). Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/BA_HF100_090511.pdf","url_text":"\"The Hedge Fund 100\""}]},{"reference":"\"Top 100 Hedge Funds\" (PDF). Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://s.wsj.net/public/resources/documents/TOP100-HEDGE-FUNDS-BA-100524.pdf","url_text":"\"Top 100 Hedge Funds\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lisa Falcone: Who You Calling 'Wife of'?\". Business Week. September 16, 2010. Archived from the original on September 19, 2010. Retrieved 6 August 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100919175244/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_39/b4196062574602.htm","url_text":"\"Lisa Falcone: Who You Calling 'Wife of'?\""},{"url":"http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_39/b4196062574602.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Newman, Judy (11 June 2010). \"Shareholders of Spectrum Brands approve merger with Russell Hobbs\". madison.com. Retrieved 2019-10-03.","urls":[{"url":"https://madison.com/business/shareholders-of-spectrum-brands-approve-merger-with-russell-hobbs/article_9c9774e8-7572-11df-a0f4-001cc4c03286.html","url_text":"\"Shareholders of Spectrum Brands approve merger with Russell Hobbs\""}]},{"reference":"Vardi, Nathan (25 November 2014). \"Phil Falcone Resigns From Harbinger Group, Collects $40.3 Million\". Forbes. Retrieved 9 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanvardi/2014/11/25/phil-falcone-resigns-from-harbinger-group-collects-40-3-million/","url_text":"\"Phil Falcone Resigns From Harbinger Group, Collects $40.3 Million\""}]},{"reference":"Goldstein, Matthew (25 November 2014). \"Philip Falcone, Hedge Fund Chief in Exile, Is Stepping Down\". New York Times. Retrieved 10 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/11/25/falcone-steps-down-from-top-roles-at-harbinger-group/","url_text":"\"Philip Falcone, Hedge Fund Chief in Exile, Is Stepping Down\""}]},{"reference":"Van Voris, Bob. \"Harbinger Investor Suit Over Lightsquared Dismissed by Judge\". No. 30 March 2015. Bloomberg Business. Retrieved 9 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-30/harbinger-investor-suit-over-lightsquared-dismissed-by-judge","url_text":"\"Harbinger Investor Suit Over Lightsquared Dismissed by Judge\""}]},{"reference":"Scurria, Andrew. \"Harbinger Capital Sues Apollo Global Management Over LightSquared Losses\". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 31, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/harbinger-capital-sues-apollo-global-management-over-lightsquared-losses-1514321972?cx_testId=16&cx_testVariant=cx&cx_artPos=3&cx_tag=contextual&cx_navSource=newsReel#cxrecs_s","url_text":"\"Harbinger Capital Sues Apollo Global Management Over LightSquared Losses\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal","url_text":"The Wall Street Journal"}]},{"reference":"Chung, Juliet; Checkler, Joseph (25 November 2014). \"Falcone to Depart Harbinger Group, Focus on Separate Company\". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/falcone-to-depart-harbinger-group-focus-on-hedge-fund-1416928263","url_text":"\"Falcone to Depart Harbinger Group, Focus on Separate Company\""}]},{"reference":"\"Philip Falcone and Harbinger Capital Agree to Settlement\". Securities & Exchange Commission. Retrieved 6 August 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/News/PressRelease/Detail/PressRelease/1370539780222#.U-GWJoBdWKB","url_text":"\"Philip Falcone and Harbinger Capital Agree to Settlement\""}]},{"reference":"\"Order Administering Cease-and-Desist Proceedings - Harbinger Capital Partners, LLC\" (PDF). Securities & Exchange Commission. Retrieved 6 August 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2012/34-67279.pdf","url_text":"\"Order Administering Cease-and-Desist Proceedings - Harbinger Capital Partners, LLC\""}]},{"reference":"\"In the Matter of Harbinger Capital Partners, LLC, File No. 3-14928 PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION OF THE CLAIMS REVIEW STAFF\" (PDF). Securities & Exchange Commission. Retrieved 6 August 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/about/offices/owb/orders/owb-2012-81-final-070414.pdf","url_text":"\"In the Matter of Harbinger Capital Partners, LLC, File No. 3-14928 PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION OF THE CLAIMS REVIEW STAFF\""}]}]
[{"Link":"http://www.harbingercapital.com/","external_links_name":"www.harbingercapital.com"},{"Link":"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/hands-up-if-you-made-billions-of-dollars-out-of-the-credit-crisis-1017955.html?action=Popup&ino=5","external_links_name":"\"Hands up if you made billions of dollars out of the credit crisis\""},{"Link":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-to-lose-2-billion-in-10-years-unpaid-bills-pile-up-for-former-hedge-fund-star-11639051201","external_links_name":"\"How to Lose $2 Billion in 10 Years: Unpaid Bills Pile Up for Former Hedge-Fund Star\""},{"Link":"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-jw-smartmoney-falcone-newsmaker-idUSTRE64Q60U20100527","external_links_name":"\"Falcone makes big bet on food products\""},{"Link":"https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=a1sW_.0wEhII&refer=home","external_links_name":"\"JPMorgan, Renaissance Trail Hedge-Fund Gains in 2007\""},{"Link":"http://www.lightsquared.com/about-us/our-investor/","external_links_name":"\"Our Investor\""},{"Link":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/harbinger-capital-sues-apollo-global-management-over-lightsquared-losses-1514321972","external_links_name":"\"Harbinger Capital Sues Apollo Global Management Over LightSquared Losses\""},{"Link":"https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=9471328","external_links_name":"\"Company Overview of Harbinger Capital Partners LLC\""},{"Link":"https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a93cca04-e018-11dd-9ee9-000077b07658.html","external_links_name":"\"Harbinger Capital Imposes Limits on Withdrawals\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110612121100/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article4289635.ece","external_links_name":"\"Inmarsat soars as Harbinger Capital considers bid\""},{"Link":"http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article4289635.ece","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aozeLSutM_QU","external_links_name":"\"Manchester United Owner Glazer Turns to Falcone\""},{"Link":"http://www.hedgetracker.com/harbinger.php","external_links_name":"\"Harbinger Capital Partners\""},{"Link":"https://www.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/BA_HF100_090511.pdf","external_links_name":"\"The Hedge Fund 100\""},{"Link":"http://s.wsj.net/public/resources/documents/TOP100-HEDGE-FUNDS-BA-100524.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Top 100 Hedge Funds\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100919175244/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_39/b4196062574602.htm","external_links_name":"\"Lisa Falcone: Who You Calling 'Wife of'?\""},{"Link":"http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_39/b4196062574602.htm","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://madison.com/business/shareholders-of-spectrum-brands-approve-merger-with-russell-hobbs/article_9c9774e8-7572-11df-a0f4-001cc4c03286.html","external_links_name":"\"Shareholders of Spectrum Brands approve merger with Russell Hobbs\""},{"Link":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanvardi/2014/11/25/phil-falcone-resigns-from-harbinger-group-collects-40-3-million/","external_links_name":"\"Phil Falcone Resigns From Harbinger Group, Collects $40.3 Million\""},{"Link":"https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/11/25/falcone-steps-down-from-top-roles-at-harbinger-group/","external_links_name":"\"Philip Falcone, Hedge Fund Chief in Exile, Is Stepping Down\""},{"Link":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-30/harbinger-investor-suit-over-lightsquared-dismissed-by-judge","external_links_name":"\"Harbinger Investor Suit Over Lightsquared Dismissed by Judge\""},{"Link":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/harbinger-capital-sues-apollo-global-management-over-lightsquared-losses-1514321972?cx_testId=16&cx_testVariant=cx&cx_artPos=3&cx_tag=contextual&cx_navSource=newsReel#cxrecs_s","external_links_name":"\"Harbinger Capital Sues Apollo Global Management Over LightSquared Losses\""},{"Link":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/falcone-to-depart-harbinger-group-focus-on-hedge-fund-1416928263","external_links_name":"\"Falcone to Depart Harbinger Group, Focus on Separate Company\""},{"Link":"https://www.sec.gov/News/PressRelease/Detail/PressRelease/1370539780222#.U-GWJoBdWKB","external_links_name":"\"Philip Falcone and Harbinger Capital Agree to Settlement\""},{"Link":"https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2012/34-67279.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Order Administering Cease-and-Desist Proceedings - Harbinger Capital Partners, LLC\""},{"Link":"https://www.sec.gov/about/offices/owb/orders/owb-2012-81-final-070414.pdf","external_links_name":"\"In the Matter of Harbinger Capital Partners, LLC, File No. 3-14928 PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION OF THE CLAIMS REVIEW STAFF\""},{"Link":"http://www.harbingercapital.com/","external_links_name":"Harbinger Capital Partners Website"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Soares
Alessandro Soares
["1 Club career","2 Honours","3 References","4 External links"]
Brazilian footballer (born 1973) Alessandro SoaresPersonal informationDate of birth (1973-02-05) 5 February 1973 (age 51)Place of birth Rio de Janeiro, BrazilHeight 1.74 m (5 ft 9 in)Position(s) ForwardSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1996–1997 Montes Claros 1997–2001 Kalamata 98 (26)2001–2004 OFI 84 (20)2004–2005 → AEK Athens (loan) 25 (11)2005–2006 AEK Athens 28 (2)2006–2007 Anorthosis Famagusta 23 (3)2007–2008 Alki Larnaca 23 (5)2008–2009 Ermis Aradippou (7)2009–2010 Chalkanoras Idaliou (18)2011–2013 Funorte 2013–2014 Montes Claros *Club domestic league appearances and goals Alessandro Soares (born 5 February 1973) is a former Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward. He is known in Greece by the nickname "Giannis" which given to him by his then coach in Kalamata, Jacek Gmoch. He himself was so "tied" to this nickname that he baptized his little son who was born in Greece with the name "Giannis". Club career Soares started his professional career in Montes Claros. In 1997, the contacts and connections of the then major shareholder of Kalamata, Stavros Papadopoulos, with the Brazilian market of football players, and suggested hid transfer to Greece. After a tryout by the then coach of the Messinians, Babis Tennes, he signed for the club playing with the team for four seasons. In 2001 he was signed by OFI, where he played until 2004. In the summer of 2004, he caught the interest of Panathinaikos and AEK Athens. Eventually, the coach of the "greens", Zdeněk Ščasný suggested the acquisition of another striker, thus on 23 July 2004 he was signed by AEK, initially with a season-long loan and then by a permanent transfer. On his first season with the yellow-blacks he emerged as the club's top scorer, while playing 7 matches in the UEFA Cup scoring once against Gorica on 30 September 2004. He repeatedly tried to obtain Greek citizenship but three times he fell victim to the change in legislation and the increase of the years of residence required for its granting. In the summer of he moved to Cyprus and Anorthosis Famagusta. On 12 May 2007, he won Cypriot Cup scoring in the 3–2 final against Omonia. In the summer of 2007 he signed for Alki Larnaca, where he played for a season. In 2008 he also played for Cypriot Second Division side, Ermis Aradippou, helping them win promotion to the Cypriot First Division in 2009. Afterwards, he moved to Chalkanoras Idaliou, where he helped them win the Cypriot Third Division in 2010 by finishing as first scorer of the league with 17 goals. Honours Anorthosis Famagusta Cypriot First Division: 2006–07 Cypriot Cup: 2006–07 Alki Larnaca Cypriot Second Division: 2008–09 Chalkanoras Idaliou Cypriot Third Division: 2009–10 Individual Cypriot Third Division top scorer: 2009–10 References ^ "Kreta verkauft Soares an AEK". UEFA.com (in German). 23 July 2004. Retrieved 25 August 2020. ^ "AEK-Gorica UEFA Europa League 2004/05". UEFA.com. ^ "Αλεσάντρε "Γιάννης" Σοάρες". aekpedia.com. ^ "Στην Ανόρθωση ο Σοάρες". sport-fm.gr. ^ "Cyprus 2006/07". RSSSF. ^ "Cyprus 2008/09". RSSSF. ^ "Cyprus 2009/10". RSSSF. External links Alessandro Soares at WorldFootball.net CBF (in Portuguese)
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"footballer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football"},{"link_name":"forward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Jacek Gmoch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacek_Gmoch"}],"text":"Alessandro Soares (born 5 February 1973) is a former Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward. He is known in Greece by the nickname \"Giannis\" which given to him by his then coach in Kalamata, Jacek Gmoch. He himself was so \"tied\" to this nickname that he baptized his little son who was born in Greece with the name \"Giannis\".","title":"Alessandro Soares"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kalamata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalamata_F.C."},{"link_name":"Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece"},{"link_name":"Babis Tennes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babis_Tennes"},{"link_name":"OFI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFI_Crete_F.C."},{"link_name":"Panathinaikos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathinaikos_F.C."},{"link_name":"AEK Athens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEK_Athens_F.C."},{"link_name":"Zdeněk Ščasný","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zden%C4%9Bk_%C5%A0%C4%8Dasn%C3%BD"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"UEFA Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Europa_League"},{"link_name":"Gorica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ND_Gorica"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Cyprus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus"},{"link_name":"Anorthosis Famagusta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorthosis_Famagusta_FC"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Cypriot Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriot_Cup"},{"link_name":"Omonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Omonia"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Alki Larnaca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alki_Larnaca_FC"},{"link_name":"Cypriot Second Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriot_Second_Division"},{"link_name":"Ermis Aradippou","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermis_Aradippou"},{"link_name":"Cypriot First Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriot_First_Division"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Chalkanoras Idaliou","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalkanoras_Idaliou"},{"link_name":"Cypriot Third Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriot_Third_Division"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"Soares started his professional career in Montes Claros. In 1997, the contacts and connections of the then major shareholder of Kalamata, Stavros Papadopoulos, with the Brazilian market of football players, and suggested hid transfer to Greece. After a tryout by the then coach of the Messinians, Babis Tennes, he signed for the club playing with the team for four seasons.In 2001 he was signed by OFI, where he played until 2004. In the summer of 2004, he caught the interest of Panathinaikos and AEK Athens. Eventually, the coach of the \"greens\", Zdeněk Ščasný suggested the acquisition of another striker, thus on 23 July 2004 he was signed by AEK, initially with a season-long loan and then by a permanent transfer.[1] On his first season with the yellow-blacks he emerged as the club's top scorer, while playing 7 matches in the UEFA Cup scoring once against Gorica on 30 September 2004. [2] He repeatedly tried to obtain Greek citizenship but three times he fell victim to the change in legislation and the increase of the years of residence required for its granting.[3]In the summer of he moved to Cyprus and Anorthosis Famagusta.[4] On 12 May 2007, he won Cypriot Cup scoring in the 3–2 final against Omonia.[5] In the summer of 2007 he signed for Alki Larnaca, where he played for a season. In 2008 he also played for Cypriot Second Division side, Ermis Aradippou, helping them win promotion to the Cypriot First Division in 2009.[6] Afterwards, he moved to Chalkanoras Idaliou, where he helped them win the Cypriot Third Division in 2010 by finishing as first scorer of the league with 17 goals.[7]","title":"Club career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cypriot First Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriot_First_Division"},{"link_name":"2006–07","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_Cypriot_First_Division"},{"link_name":"Cypriot Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriot_Cup"},{"link_name":"2006–07","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_Cypriot_Cup"},{"link_name":"Cypriot Second Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriot_Second_Division"},{"link_name":"2008–09","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_Cypriot_Second_Division"},{"link_name":"Cypriot Third Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriot_Third_Division"},{"link_name":"2009–10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Cypriot_Third_Division"}],"text":"Anorthosis FamagustaCypriot First Division: 2006–07\nCypriot Cup: 2006–07Alki LarnacaCypriot Second Division: 2008–09Chalkanoras IdaliouCypriot Third Division: 2009–10IndividualCypriot Third Division top scorer: 2009–10","title":"Honours"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Amazing_Mumford
List of Sesame Street Muppets
["1 Muppets","2 See also","3 Notes","4 References","5 External links"]
Jim Henson, creator of The Muppets (seen here at the 41st Primetime Emmy Awards 8 months before his death), was initially reluctant to work on Sesame Street, but joined due to social concerns of the time. The Muppets are a group of puppet characters created by Jim Henson, many for the purpose of appearing on the children's television program Sesame Street. Henson's involvement in Sesame Street began when he and Joan Ganz Cooney, one of the creators of the show, met in the summer of 1968, at one of the show's five three-day curriculum planning seminars in Boston. Author Christopher Finch reported that director Jon Stone, who had worked with Henson previously, felt that if they could not bring him on board, they should "make do without puppets". Henson was originally reluctant but agreed to join Sesame Street in support of its social goals. He also agreed to waive his performance fee for full ownership of the Sesame Street Muppets and to split any revenue they generated with the Children's Television Workshop (renamed to the Sesame Workshop in 2000), the series' non-profit producer. The Muppets were a crucial part of the show's popularity and it brought Henson national attention. The Muppet segments of the show were popular since its premiere, and more Muppets were added during the first few seasons. The Muppets were effective teaching tools because children easily recognized them, they were predictable, and they appealed to adults and older siblings. During the production of Sesame Street's first season, producers created five one-hour rubber baby baby bunkers to test the show's appeal to children and examine their comprehension of the material. Not intended for broadcast, they were presented to preschoolers in 60 homes throughout Philadelphia and in day care centers in New York City in July 1969. The results were "generally very positive"; children learned from the shows, their appeal was high, and children's attention was sustained over the full hour. However, the researchers found that although children's attention was high during the Muppet segments, their interest wavered during the "Street" segments, when no Muppets were on screen. This was because the producers had followed the advice of child psychologists who were concerned that children would be confused if human actors and Muppets were shown together. As a result of this decision, the appeal of the test episodes was lower than the target. The Street scenes were "the glue" that "pulled the show together", so producers knew they needed to make significant changes. The producers decided to reject the advisers' advice and reshot the Street segments; Henson and his coworkers created Muppets that could interact with the human actors, specifically Oscar the Grouch and Big Bird, who became two of the show's most enduring characters. These test episodes were directly responsible for what writer Malcolm Gladwell called "the essence of Sesame Street—the artful blend of fluffy monsters and earnest adults". Since 2001, the full rights for the Muppets created for Sesame Street (which do not include Kermit the Frog) have been owned by Sesame Workshop. Muppets Frank Oz, who performed many Muppets throughout his career, from the debut of Sesame Street to most Henson productions Caroll Spinney performed Big Bird and Oscar the Grouch from the show's debut in 1969 until his retirement in 2018 Steve Whitmire, who took over many of Jim Henson's characters after Henson's death in 1990, including Ernie and Kermit the Frog Kevin Clash, with Elmo, his most famous puppet, whom he performed from 1985 to 2012 Eric Jacobson (2015), pictured here performing Grover David Rudman (2015), who performs Baby Bear, Cookie Monster, and the Two-Headed Monster Jennifer Barnhart, who performed Gladys the Cow and Mama Bear, and also currently performs Zoe Matt Robinson, who in addition to performing the voice of the character Roosevelt Franklin, played Gordon on Sesame Street Contents A · B · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · J · K · L · M · N · O · P · Q · R · S · T · U · V · W · X · Y · Z Character Actor/Muppet performer Description Abby Cadabby Leslie Carrara-Rudolph A 4-year-old fairy-in-training with tiny wings, a magic wand and sparkles in her hair. She was created to increase the number of the female Sesame Street Muppets. Daughter of the fairy godmother, she "has her own point of view and is comfortable with the fact that she likes wearing a dress". Alice Snuffleupagus Judy Sladky Baby sister of Aloysius Snuffleupagus ("Snuffy"). She has "luxurious, pale-golden fur", long eyelashes and a blue-checkered hair ribbon and was introduced to model sibling rivalry. She was one of the first Muppets controlled by remote control. Alistair Cookie Frank Oz Played by Cookie Monster, he is a parody of British broadcaster Alistair Cooke and appears in the "Monsterpiece Theater" sketch (a parody of Masterpiece Theater). At first, he used a tobacco pipe that he would eat in each segment. The pipe was eventually removed because according to executive producer Carol-Lynn Parente, it "modeled the wrong behavior". The Amazing Mumford Jerry Nelson, John Kennedy A "W.C. Fields-esque" magician whose magic tricks often go awry. His catchphrase, used to produce his tricks, is "À la peanut butter sandwiches". Anything Muppets Various Writer Christopher Finch called Anything Muppets "unadorned puppet torsos and heads" used for a single role or purpose. This ever-expanding troupe of Muppets comes in all shapes, sizes and appearances. The Anything Muppets portray humans, specific animals and occasional aliens. AM Monsters Various Short for "Anything Muppet Monsters", the AM Monsters are customizable Muppet Monsters like the Anything Muppets and the Whatnots from The Muppet Show. Like the Anything Muppets, the AM Muppets come in all shapes, sizes and appearances. According to writer Louise Gikow, Elmo started out as an AM Monster. Aristotle Richard Hunt A blind monster created to increase inclusiveness of people and puppets with disabilities on the show. He was designed by Michael K. Frith and built by Ed Christie. Arlene Frantic Fran Brill Appeared in the Sesame Street sketches "What's My Part". She was a parody of actress Arlene Francis. Baby Bear David Rudman Baby Bear, "borrowed from the enduring 'The Three Bears' story", is Curly Bear's big brother and Telly Monster's best friend. Barkley Toby Towson (1978), Fred Garbo, Brian Muehl, Bruce Connelly Originally named "Woof-Woof", he is a "large, friendly, shaggy dog" owned by Linda and knows a few words in American Sign Language. Barkley appeared in the 1983 TV special Big Bird in China. Beautiful Day Monster Jim Henson, Frank Oz, Caroll Spinney Originally appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show, this puppet was used interchangeably with Cookie Monster on the first season of Sesame Street. He was portrayed as the main villain of Sesame Street as he loved to steal things and had sharp teeth. The character was axed from the show because of how he made a terrifying B sound "BAAAAAH!", and how he loved scaring people. Bennett Snerf Jerry Nelson (AM Monster version), Caroll Spinney (Anything Muppet version) Appeared in the Sesame Street sketches "What's My Part". He was a parody of American publisher Bennett Cerf. Benny Rabbit Kevin Clash A cynical and cantankerous rabbit who worked as a bellhop at the Furry Arms Hotel (which was part of the Around-the-Corner set expansion of the 1990s). Bert Frank Oz (1969–2006), Eric Jacobson (1997–present) Ernie's best friend. He collects paperclips and bottle caps, is fond of oatmeal and is fascinated by pigeons. His sketches were made by Henson and he was built by Don Sahlin. Betty Lou Lisa Buckley Borgenicht says about her: "With her blonde braided hair, is friendly and unassuming". Biff Jerry Nelson, Matt Vogel (2020–present) One-half of the Muppet construction worker duo, Biff is an "Archie Bunker-style blue-collar loudmouth". He and his partner Sully made for a "classic comedy team". Whenever they encounter a problem, Biff often asks for Sully's opinion, but interrupts him before Sully can answer; however, it is Sully who inevitably comes up with the solution. Big Bird Caroll Spinney (1969–2018), Matt Vogel (1997–present) Standing at eight feet two inches, Big Bird was designed by Don Sahlin from Jim Henson's sketches and built by Kermit Love. It was Spinney's idea to make Big Bird a child, with "his trademark curiosity and innocence". Bip Bippadotta Jim Henson, John Kennedy The wild-haired puppet featured in the Muppet segment "Mah Nà Mah Nà". Bruno the Trashman Caroll Spinney A trashman who sometimes carries Oscar's trash can around the Street. Spinney designed Bruno as a way to allow Oscar to move around and talk at the same time. Spinney also had roller skates made so he could skate around the stage while performing Bruno and Oscar. Buster Martin P. Robinson Forgetful Jones' horse, who often helps Forgetful get out of difficulties and remember things. Captain Vegetable Jim Henson (1982), Richard Hunt (1983–1984), Peter Linz (2019–present) A superhero who fought for healthy vegetables. His insignia was a carrot. Clementine Brian Muehl (1980–1984), Kevin Clash, Camille Bonora (voice) Forgetful Jones' girlfriend. Colambo Joey Mazzarino A lamb detective who is inspired by Columbo. Cookie Monster Frank Oz (1969–2004), David Rudman (2001–present) According to Sesame Workshop, "Cookie Monster is a frenzied yet cuddly character on a persistent quest for more food...especially cookies!" Count von Count Jerry Nelson (1972–2012), Matt Vogel (2013–present) A number-obsessed vampire who craves counting with a single-focused passion. He has lavender-fleece skin, bat-shaped ears, a flat black hairpiece, a red spade tongue and wears a formal cape. Nelson based the Count's character and exaggerated European accent on Bela Lugosi's Count Dracula. Countess Dahling von Dahling Fran Brill (1980–1984) Count von Count's girlfriend. She has a dog named Masha and is modeled after Marlene Dietrich. Curly Bear Stephanie D'Abruzzo Baby Bear's little sister. Created to address the issue of sibling rivalry, Curly calls her brother "Bebo", has a very loud growl, and unlike the rest of her family, does not like porridge. Deena Karen Prell A young, energetic pinkish-purple monster with red hair and wild rolling eyes. Described as "hyperactive", Prell reported that her performance was deemed "over-the-top", so the character did not last long. Dexter Kevin Clash A purple tall monster who loves to juggle. Dingers Various Like the Honkers, the Dingers communicate only with dings. Don Music Richard Hunt, Ryan Dillon (2019–present) A piano-playing composer who required assistance from Kermit the Frog to complete the lyrics to his songs. Whenever he got frustrated, he would say, "Oh, I'll never get it right! Never, never, never!" and bang his head on the piano. He had a bust of Ludwig van Beethoven on his piano and, as an inside joke, a framed photo of Joe Raposo hanging on the wall. Donald/Ronald Grump Martin P. Robinson According to The Washington Post, New York businessman and eventual President of the United States Donald Trump has been parodied by Sesame Street three times, depicted as a grouch like Oscar. The first time was in the late 1980s; Ronald Grump, a Muppet wearing a fedora attempts to con Oscar out of his trash can. Actor Joe Pesci played Ronald Grump in 1994, during the show's 25th anniversary. In 2005, Donald Grump, a Muppet with an orange wig, appeared in a parody of Trump's TV show The Apprentice. Dr. Feel Steve Whitmire A spoof of TV personality and author Dr. Phil McGraw. Dr. Nobel Price Brian Muehl (1980–1984), Kevin Clash (1984–1988) Price's inventions consist solely of things that were either useless (like a flying cupcake) or had already been invented. Author Louise Gikow called Price a "misguided inventor" and the "bane of reporter Kermit's existence." Elizabeth Stephanie D'Abruzzo One of D'Abruzzo's favorite experiments, Elizabeth was a pig-tailed Muppet with a Brooklyn accent who loves the number 732 and her cat Little Murray Sparkles. D'Abruzzo said about her: "She was unlike your typical little girl characters". Elmo Brian Muehl (1980–1984), Richard Hunt (1984–1985), Kevin Clash (1985–2012), Ryan Dillon (2013–present) Sesame Workshop calls Elmo "a 3½-year-old red monster with a distinctive cheerful voice and a contagious giggle" and "Enthusiastic, friendly, and curious". Elijah Christopher Hayes He is the father of Wes and is married to Naomi. Elijah works as a meteorologist, as shown in a 2022 web video "Take Your Child to Work Day." According to press reports, he enjoys outdoor running, watching movies, and cooking with his family. He also played tennis with his friend Mike, who died of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ernie Jim Henson (1969–1990), Steve Whitmire (1993–2014), Peter Linz (2017–present) Bert's best friend, who is mischievous and free-spirited. He likes playing practical jokes on Bert, and loves playing musical instruments, singing, and "taking baths with Rubber Ducky". Farley Jerry Nelson A green Muppet boy with short orange spiked hair and a yellow sweater. Fatima Carmen Osbahr (2002) A purple bird who is from Paraguay and is Big Bird's special friend. Ferlinghetti Donizetti Richard Hunt (1980–1984), Kevin Clash (1984–1986) A blue poet and rapper who is named after poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti. Flo Bear David Rudman Bear writer whose name is a riff on French novelist Gustave Flaubert. Forgetful Jones Michael Earl (1980–1981), Richard Hunt (1981–1992), Matt Vogel (2019–present) A "simpleton cowboy" who always forgets everything. Frazzle Jerry Nelson A growling orange monster whose deceptively fierce visage hides a childlike personality and a desperate need to be included. Fred Jerry Nelson A wonder horse ridden by Grover and his "trusty companion". His "horse sense" is always better than Grover's and he "usually saves the day". Gabrielle Megan Piphus Peace (2020–present) A 6¾-years-old with a vibrant and curious personality. She enjoys singing, dancing, playing pretend, and going on nature walks with her friends Elmo, Abby Cadabby, Rosita and her cousin Tamir. Gladys the Cow Richard Hunt, Jennifer Barnhart With her "piercing operatic voice", she is "a theatrical ham (even though she's a cow)". Granny Bird Caroll Spinney (1969–2014)Jennifer Barnhart (2018–present) Big Bird's grandmother. Mrs. Grouch Martin P. Robinson Oscar the Grouch's mother. Gonger Warrick Brownlow-Pike A fuchsia Muppet who works with Cookie Monster in his food truck. Gonger has "whiskers like friendly muttonchops", "an unusual accent and a background in hospitality". He originated on The Furchester Hotel, a co-production from the UK. Granny Fanny Nestlerode Caroll Spinney An old lady Muppet who mostly appeared in Seasons 1–4. Grover Frank Oz (1969–2012), Eric Jacobson (1998–present) Finch calls Grover "an infinitely optimistic soul". Finch goes on to state that although Grover has a facility for self-deception, he is also honest and wise. Grundgetta Brian Muehl (1980–1984), Pam Arciero (1984–present) A Grouch who is Oscar the Grouch's "trashy girlfriend". She has Oscar's grouchy temperament and also likes everything trashy. She wears tattered hats and veils. Gulliver Joey Mazzarino A seagull who is Big Bird's penpal. Guy Smiley Jim Henson (1969–1990), Eric Jacobson (2005–present) Gikow calls Guy "America's favorite game-show host". Harvey Kneeslapper Frank Oz, Eric Jacobson A "one-joke character" that was dropped from the show because his "raucous laugh" was too hard on Oz's throat. Herbert Birdsfoot Jerry Nelson A bespectacled Muppet who is a lecturer who often appeared with Grover. Herry Monster Jerry Nelson, Martin P. Robinson, Peter Linz According to Borgenicht, Herry is "fuzzy and blue, big and burly", with a "gentle side". He appears in many unscripted scenes with children. Honkers Various Like the Dingers, they communicate only through honks. Hoots Kevin Clash, Christopher Hayes (2019–present) Sesame Street writer Mark Saltzman described Hoots as "the saxophone-playing jazz owl". Clash based his voice after Louis Armstrong. Horatio Joey Mazzarino A dancing Asian elephant. Humphrey David Rudman He and his wife Ingrid, who together are Natasha's parents, are the hotel managers of the Furry Arms Hotel which was part of the Around-the-Corner set from 1993 to 1998. Ingrid Joey Mazzarino Natasha's mother. She and her husband Humphrey are the hotel managers of the Furry Arms Hotel. Jamie Fox Joey Mazzarino A fox who, along with Elmo and actor Jamie Foxx, tries to figure out who is the real "Jamie Fox". They end up singing the alphabet together. Ji-Young Kathleen Kim (2021–) A 7-year-old Korean-American girl, who is passionate about skateboarding and "rocking out on her electric guitar." Ji-Young made history as Sesame Street's first Asian-American Muppet, who was introduced to the public during the show's Thanksgiving special, See Us Coming Together. Julia Stacey Gordon (2017–present) A little girl with "green eyes and red hair and an artistic temperament" who is autistic. Kermit Jim Henson (1955–1990), Steve Whitmire (1990–2016)Matt Vogel (2017–present) A frog who is one of the first Muppets designed and built by Jim Henson. Borgenicht calls Kermit "funny, ironic, and always the voice of reason amidst the insanity around him; the calm in the eye of the storm". Gerald S. Lesser, CTW's first advisory board chairman, calls him "the saturnine but gentlemanly puppet frog". Sesame Workshop does not own the character, unlike most of the Muppets on this list. Kingston Livingston III Kevin Clash A young African-American Muppet who is smart, cool, and prefers to do his own thing. Lefty the Salesman Frank Oz (1970–1975), Ryan Dillon (2019–present) A shady, green-skinned Muppet who tries to sell useless items to other characters (usually Ernie). Leo Richard Hunt A loud and energetic monster who really loves to party, as what his name says Little Bird Fran Brill, Stephanie D'Abruzzo (2019) Big Bird's "little friend", who is "slightly wiser" than Big Bird. Little Chrissy Jim Henson (puppeteer), Christopher Cerf (voice) The lead singer of "Little Chrissy and the Alphabeats". He was one of the earliest Muppets based upon an actual person (Cerf). Little Jerry Jerry Nelson A green Muppet who is the lead singer of the rock group "Little Jerry and the Monotones". Many of their songs were written by Jeff Moss. Little Murray Sparkles Alice Dinnean, Stephanie D'Abruzzo Elizabeth's beloved pet cat. Liz Lemon Stephanie D'Abruzzo A lemon who is a parody of Tina Fey's 30 Rock character of the same name. Louie Bill Barretta (2006–2010), Tyler Bunch (2010–present) Elmo's dad and husband to Mae. Mama Bear Jennifer Barnhart Baby Bear and Curly Bear's mother and Papa Bear's wife. The Martians Jim Henson, Jerry Nelson, Martin P. Robinson The show's take on Martians. They have a jellyfish-like appearance and speak in a simple mixture of Martian ("yip" and "nope") and English. Merry Monster Joey Mazzarino A yellow female monster who likes to scare people just for fun. Meryl Sheep Camille Bonora A sheep with a vaguely European accent who has brunette or sometimes blonde hair. She is a parody of Meryl Streep. Monty Martin P. Robinson Muppet-homage to Monty Python's Flying Circus. Mr. Johnson Jerry Nelson (1971–2012), Matt Vogel (2013–present) Also called "Fat Blue", Mr. Johnson usually appears with Grover in restaurant skits as his harried customer (and usually at Charlie's Restaurant). Murray Monster Joey Mazzarino The host of the "Word on the Street" segment. Murray is a boisterous, red-orange Muppet. Natasha Kevin Clash An infant monster who uses only baby-talk to communicate. Natasha's parents are Humphrey and Ingrid. Oscar the Grouch Caroll Spinney (1969–2018), Eric Jacobson (2015–present) One of the first Muppets created for Sesame Street and a "surprising success", Oscar gives kids "permission to feel grouchy—and to demonstrate differing opinions", as well as serving as a model for lessons in how to adapt to different personalities. Spinney based his voice on a New York City cab driver that he encountered. Ovejita Carmen Osbahr (2008) A little lamb, Ovejita accompanies Murray to various schools in the segment "Murray Had a Little Lamb". Papa Bear Joey Mazzarino Baby Bear and Curly Bear's father, and Mama Bear's husband. Placido Flamingo Richard Hunt An "opera star" who often sang with his human counterpart, Placido Domingo. Poco Loco Jerry Nelson, Michael Earl A scarlet macaw who repeats and copies words that Big Bird says. He retired in 1980, but his puppet was recycled from H. Ross Parrot, a parody of H. Ross Perot and Bolo in a 1999 episode. Prairie Dawn Fran Brill (1971–2015), Stephanie D'Abruzzo (2015–present) A little girl whose psychological age is that of a precocious 7-year-old. Prince Charming Frank Oz A Muppet who resembles "Guy Smiley in prince's clothing", he is the "self-involved" prince who appears in Muppet fairy tales. Professor Hastings Frank Oz A professor whose lectures were so dull that he would fall asleep himself while giving them. According to Borgenicht, he was eventually cut from the Muppet cast because "he was, well, too dull." Rodeo Rosie Jerry Nelson A cowgirl who brags a lot. Roosevelt Franklin Matt Robinson (voice), Chris Knowings (voice, 2019–present) An African-American Muppet who attended Roosevelt Franklin Elementary School, played headball at Roosevelt Franklin Stadium and was so popular, he recorded his own album. He was dropped from the show because "he was thought by some to be a negative cultural stereotype". Roosevelt Franklin's Mother Loretta Long (voice) The mother of Roosevelt Franklin. Rosita Carmen Osbahr (1991–present) A playful and optimistic turquoise 5-year-old monster, is from Mexico. She knows both English and Spanish, and likes to share her heritage with her friends and teach them Spanish words. She also likes singing and playing the guitar. Roxie Marie Fran Brill A construction worker and is Biff's niece. Ruby Camille Bonora A female Muppet monster scientist and inventor. Rudy Frankie Cordero (2017–present) Abby's stepbrother. SAM Jerry Nelson A robot who is supposedly perfect. SAM is prone to silly mistakes. His name is an acronym for "Super Automated Machine". Segi (2010) Chantylla Johnson (voice) Inspired by head writer and puppeteer Joey Mazzarino's adopted daughter. She first appeared in the sketch in which she sang, "I Love My Hair"; according to writer Kathy Russell-Cole and her colleagues, after it was posted online, the response was "nearly overwhelming" and went viral. Sherlock Hemlock Jerry Nelson, Matt Vogel A parody based on Basil Rathbone's movie portrayal of Sherlock Holmes, Hemlock solves mysteries by "concentrating on the little clues and overlooking the big ones" that his dog Watson tends to find. Sherry Netherland Alice Dinnean The "Leona Helmsley of the Furry Arms Hotel". She rules with "an iron fist, a heart of gold, and a brain of oatmeal". Simon Soundman Jerry Nelson A blue Muppet who uses sounds to communicate. Slimey Jerry Nelson (1970–1978), Michael Earl Davis (1978–1980), Martin P. Robinson (1980–present), Dick Maitland (voice) According to Gikow, an "intelligent worm" who is the smallest and, other than Buster, the smartest character on Sesame Street. When he first appeared, he spoke in just squeaky sounds. He later became the only Muppet to not be voiced by a puppeteer. Smartie (2017) Deborah Grausman An animated yellow phone and Elmo's sidekick. Her catchphrase is "Look it up." Mr. Snuffleupagus ("Snuffy") Jerry Nelson (1971–1978), Michael Earl Davis (1978–1980), Martin P. Robinson (1980–present) A "large and friendly monster resembling an anteater" and Big Bird's best friend. At first, Snuffy was Big Bird's imaginary friend and never seen by his friends, but in 1985, the producers decided to reveal him as real to teach children that their perceptions could be trusted. Sonny Friendly Richard Hunt, David Rudman Sesame Street Unpaved calls Sonny "America's Friendliest Game Show Host". The Squirelles Lillias White, Julianne Buescher, Lisa Buckley, Pam Arciero, Alice Dinnean A parody of the 1960s R&B group the Shirelles. The Oinker Sisters Ivy Austin, Tawatha Agee, Angela Cappelli, Kevin Clash A parody of the Pointer Sisters. Stinky the Stinkweed Joey Mazzarino A talking stinkweed plant. Sully Richard Hunt (1973–1992), David Rudman (1992–1999) A construction worker and Biff's silent counterpart. He nevertheless served as the real brains of the duo. He is considered one of Hunt's most "understated and complex" characters. Super Grover Frank Oz (1973–2012), Eric Jacobson (1998–present) Grover's superhero alter ego. Tango Leslie Carrara-Rudolph Elmo's puppy who made her debut in the 2021 animated Sesame Street special Furry Friends Forever: Elmo Gets a Puppy. The puppy then transitioned into puppet form in promotion for the special and in Season 52. She also stars in the recurring animated segment "Elmo & Tango's Mysterious Mysteries". She is named Tango because she loves to dance. In the animated 2022 holiday special The Nutcracker: Starring Elmo & Tango, Tango gains the ability to speak in a dream sequence with a voice provided by Royina Patel. Tamir Tau Bennett (2020-2022), Bradley Freeman Jr. (2021–present) An 8-year-old boy, is Gabrielle's cousin who was introduced in the 2020 Sesame Street special, The Power of We, and has appeared on the show and in online videos, including his own web show, "Tamir on the Street". Telly Monster Bob Payne (1979), Brian Muehl (1979–1984), Martin P. Robinson According to Sesame Workshop, "Telly Monster is an intense and earnest monster who worries over everything". His favorite shape is the triangle and his best friend is Baby Bear. The Twiddlebugs Jim Henson, Frank Oz, Jerry Nelson, Richard Hunt A family of fuzzy insects (Thomas, Tessie and their children Timmy and Tina) who live in a milk carton among the flowers in Ernie's window box. The Two-Headed Monster Left Head: Jerry NelsonRight Head: Richard Hunt, Left Head: Joey Mazzarino (2001–2016), Eric Jacobson (2016–present)Right Head: David Rudman (1998–present) A purple monster with two heads, who generally speak in gibberish but have a baby-like vocabulary. They teach viewers about cooperation. Wes Bradley Freeman Jr. A young Muppet boy introduced in 2021 for Sesame Street's "Coming Together" outreach initiative regarding racism. His first appearances include a pair of videos for the Sesame Street in Communities "Racial Justice" topic, including the music video "I Am Somebody (Giant)". Wes is described in press reports as being five years old and loves to go to school and play pretend. He resides with his father Elijah and mother Naomi. Zoe Fran Brill (1993–2015), Jennifer Barnhart (2016–present) Introduced to increase the number of strong female Sesame Street Muppets, Zoe is an orange 3-year-old Muppet who loves to sing and dance, and her best friend is Elmo. She is strong-willed, confident, has a big imagination, and owns a pet rock named Rocco. See also List of human Sesame Street characters List of Muppets Notes ^ Finch, p. 53. ^ Davis, p. 5. ^ Morrow, p. 93. ^ Morrow, pp. 94–95. ^ a b Lesser, p. 164. ^ a b Fisch, p. 39. ^ Gladwell, p. 105. ^ a b c Gladwell, p. 106. ^ Fisch & Bernstein, pp. 39–40. ^ Fisch & Bernstein, p. 40. ^ a b Retsinas, Greg (May 8, 2003). "Hensons Buying Back the Muppets for $89 Million". The New York Times. Retrieved July 31, 2019. ^ Gikow, p. 135. ^ "Leslie Carrara-Rudolph". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 24, 2019. ^ Dominus, Susan (August 6, 2006). "A Girly-Girl Joins the 'Sesame' Boys". The New York Times. Retrieved August 2, 2019. ^ Hellman, pp. 48–49 ^ Hellman, p. 48 ^ Davis, p. 359. ^ Prial, Frank J. (March 31, 2004). "Alistair Cooke, Elegant Interpreter of America, Died at 95". The New York Times. Retrieved August 2, 2019. ^ Heffernan, Virginia (November 18, 2007). "Sweeping the Clouds Away". The New York Times. p. 634. Retrieved August 2, 2019. ^ a b c d e f g h i Borgenicht, p. 132. ^ "Behind the Scenes: John E. Kennedy". Sesame Workshop.com. Retrieved August 2, 2019. ^ a b Finch, p. 64. ^ Lesser, p. 127. ^ a b Gikow, p. 100. ^ Gikow, p. 57. ^ Gikow, p. 181. ^ a b c Episode 0131 Old School, Volume 1 (Disc 2) (9 November 1970) (DVD). Children's Television Workshop. 2006. ^ "David Rudman". Sesame Workshop.com. Retrieved August 24, 2019. ^ "Baby Bear". Sesame Workshop.com. Retrieved August 5, 2019. ^ Fallstrom, Bob (May 31, 2010). "Former gymnast vaults into new career". The Herald-Review. Decatur, Illinois. Retrieved August 2, 2019. ^ Marvell, Cindy (October 11, 1998). "A Show as Light as the Air That Propels It". The New York Times. Retrieved February 18, 2021. ^ Gikow, p. 79. ^ a b Gikow, p. 93. ^ a b Gikow, p. 41. ^ a b c d Gikow, p. 207 ^ Gikow, p. 27. ^ "Eric Jacobson". Sesame Workshop.com. Retrieved August 5, 2019. ^ Finch, p. 61. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Borgenicht, p. 131. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Borgenicht, p. 133. ^ a b c d e f g Davis, p. 242. ^ a b c Gikow, p. 48. ^ Svetkey, Benjamin (February 6, 2019). "'Sesame Street': Meet the New Puppeteer Inside Big Bird". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 20, 2019. ^ a b Park, Andrea (October 17, 2018). "Big Bird actor Caroll Spinney leaves "Sesame Street" after nearly 5 decades". CBS News. Retrieved August 21, 2019. ^ Gikow, p. 53. ^ Wamsley, Laurel (October 17, 2018). "After 50 Years On 'Sesame Street,' The Voice Of Big Bird And Oscar Is Retiring". NPR.org. Retrieved August 24, 2019. ^ a b c Gikow, p. 231. ^ Spinney, Carroll; Milligan, Jason (2003). The Wisdom of Big Bird (and the Dark Genius of Oscar the Grouch): A Life in Feathers. Illustrated by Caroll Spinney. New York: Random House. p. 62. ISBN 0-375-50781-7. ^ Davis, p. 246. ^ "David Rudman". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 6, 2019. ^ "The Voices Behind the 'Sesame Street' Puppets: David Rudman". ABC News.com. Retrieved August 22, 2019. ^ "Cookie Monster". Sesame Workshop.com. Retrieved August 24, 2019. ^ "The Voices Behind the 'Sesame Street' Puppets: Jerry Nelson". ABC News.com. Retrieved August 22, 2019. ^ Davis, p. 239. ^ "Countess". Sesame Street.org. Retrieved February 8, 2015. ^ a b c d e f Gikow, p. 134 ^ Gikow, p. 164 ^ "Curly Bear". Sesame Street.org. Retrieved February 8, 2015. ^ a b Howard, Brendan (August 20, 2006). "Puppeteer Loved to 'Rock'". Home Media Magazine. Archived from the original on December 8, 2014. Retrieved February 8, 2015. ^ a b c d e f g Gikow, p. 104. ^ Selk, Avi (March 21, 2017). "Trump wants to defund PBS. 'Sesame Street' brutally parodied him for decades". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 12, 2019. ^ "Donald Trump becomes a Muppet, Donald Grump". CBC News. February 11, 2005. Retrieved August 12, 2019. ^ Clash, p. 2. ^ Davis, p. 285 ^ Hicks, Tony (April 2, 2013). "Hicks: Elmo may be back in business". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved April 12, 2019. ^ "Ryan Dillon". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 12, 2019. ^ "Elmo". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 24, 2019. ^ Davis, p. 166. ^ Bruner, Raisa (July 10, 2017). "The Puppeteer Behind Kermit the Frog Has Left His Role With The Muppets". Time. Retrieved August 13, 2019. ^ "Peter Linz". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 13, 2019. ^ "Ernie". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 24, 2019. ^ Episode 0536 (19 November 1973) Old School, Volume 1 (Disc 3) (DVD). Children's Television Workshop. 2006. ^ a b Gikow, p. 103. ^ a b c d e f Borgnicht, p. 134. ^ a b "Richard Hunt, Muppet and Sesame Street Puppeteer, Dies of AIDS". Associated Press. January 8, 1992. Retrieved August 13, 2019. ^ a b c "Jennifer Barnhart". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 13, 2019. ^ Cardoza, Riley (October 17, 2018). "Caroll Spinney: 5 Things To Know About Retiring Puppeteer Who Played Big Bird & Oscar The Grouch". Hollywood Life.com. Retrieved August 14, 2019. ^ Jones, Rachel Elizabeth (May 2, 2018). "'Sesame Street' Veterans to Talk About Life on the Show". Seven Days. Retrieved January 27, 2020. ^ K, Neetha (September 11, 2019). "'Helpsters': Release date, plot, cast, and everything you need to know about the child-friendly show from Apple". Media Entertainment Arts WorldWide. Retrieved January 27, 2020. ^ a b Patterson, Troy (January 18, 2018). "The Evolution of "Sesame Street" on HBO". The New Yorker. Retrieved August 23, 2019. ^ a b c Episode 0406 (27 November 1972) (DVD). Children's Television Workshop. 2006. ^ a b c d Gikow, p. 140. ^ Spitznagel, Eric (September 10, 2011). "Sesame Street Puppeteer Eric Jacobson Reveals Shocking News That Sesame Street is Not a Real Place". Vanity Fair. Retrieved August 15, 2019. ^ "The Voices Behind the 'Sesame Street' Puppets: Eric Jacobson". ABC News.com. Retrieved August 22, 2019. ^ a b Finch, p. 67. ^ a b c Davis, p. 322. ^ "Grundgetta". Sesame Street.org. Retrieved February 10, 2015. ^ Gikow, p. 161. ^ Gikow, p. 43. ^ Episode 0276 Old School, Volume 1 (Disc 2) (8 November 1971) (DVD). Children's Television Workshop. 2006. ^ Borgenicht, p. 102. ^ Gikow, p. 165. ^ "Peter Linz". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 24, 2019. ^ Borgenicht, p. 103. ^ a b Clash, pp. 40–41. ^ a b Gikow, p. 63. ^ "Legend, Foxx Hangin' on 'Sesame Street'". Spin. July 26, 2006. Retrieved August 17, 2019. ^ "Sesame Street makes history with the debut of its first Asian American puppet". NPR. November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021. ^ Wasserman, Ben (November 16, 2021). "Sesame Street Welcomes Jim Lee, Simu Liu and More API Neighbors for a Special Episode". CBR.com. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021. ^ Suskind, Ron (December 2017). "Why the Team Behind Sesame Street Created a Character With Autism". Smithsonian. Retrieved August 17, 2019. ^ a b Gikow, p. 131. ^ Parker, Ryan (July 13, 2017). "Kermit the Frog Muppeteer Says Disney Fired Him". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 13, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2017. ^ Finch, p. 37. ^ Borgenicht, p. 89 ^ Lesser, p. 113. ^ Gikow, p. 45. ^ a b c Gikow, p. 226. ^ Williams, Mary Elizabeth (October 12, 2010). "The viral genius of "Sesame Street"". Salon. Retrieved August 18, 2019. ^ "Louie". Sesame Street.org. Retrieved February 11, 2015. ^ Gikow, p. 105. ^ Borgenicht, p. 73. ^ Swick, Thomas (July 26, 1992). "Inside the Apple". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 21, 2019. ^ Gikow, p. 197. ^ a b Gikow, p. 150. ^ Andrews, Travis M. (October 19, 2018). "Here's why a happy show like 'Sesame Street' wanted an ornery character like Oscar the Grouch". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 21, 2019. ^ Gikow, p. 157. ^ a b Gikow, p. 133. ^ a b Hinckley, David (May 1, 2013). "Kevin Clash nominated for Daytime Emmy despite leaving 'Sesame Street' amid sex scandal". New York Daily News. Retrieved August 21, 2019. ^ "Stephanie D'Abruzzo". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 21, 2019. ^ Borgenicht, p. 77. ^ a b c d e f g Borgenicht, p. 135. ^ "The Voices Behind the 'Sesame Street' Puppets: Carmen Osbahr". ABC News.com. Retrieved August 22, 2019. ^ "Rosita". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 24, 2019. ^ Dawn, Randee (August 4, 2017). "Abby Cadabby on 'Sesame Street' has a new stepbrother: Rudy!". Today.com. Retrieved August 21, 2019. ^ "Frankie Cordero". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 21, 2019. ^ a b Gikow, p. 92. ^ Bethea, April (October 31, 2010). "Making Muppet music". The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved August 21, 2019. ^ Russell-Cole, Kathy; Wilson, Midge; Hall, Ronald E. (2013). The Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Color in a New Millennium (2nd ed.). New York: Random House. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-307-74423-4. ^ a b Gikow, p. 94. ^ Gikow, p. 34. ^ Gikow, p. 36. ^ Fanning, Win (November 2, 1971). "Revamped Sesame Street Opens 3rd Season Nov. 15". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 16. Retrieved August 23, 2019. ^ Fessenden, Marissa (November 20, 2015). "A Brief History of Sesame Street's Snuffleupagus Identity Crisis". Smithsonian. Retrieved August 24, 2019. ^ Scheetz, Cameron (November 11, 2014). "Let The Oinker Sisters show you "A New Way To Walk"". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on September 30, 2023. ^ a b Gikow, p. 132. ^ "Eric Jacobson: Eric's Biography". Sesame Street.org. Retrieved March 8, 2015. ^ Rome, Emily (September 16, 2013). "When Superman met Super Grover: Henry Cavill visits 'Sesame Street'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 19, 2015. ^ "Leslie Carrara-Rudolph". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved December 13, 2022. ^ "Tango". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved December 13, 2022. ^ "Martin Robinson". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 22, 2019. ^ "Telly Monster". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 24, 2019. ^ Davis, p. 321 ^ "Rocco". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 24, 2019. References Borgenicht, David (1998). Sesame Street Unpaved. New York: Hyperion Publishing. ISBN 0-7868-6460-5 Clash, Kevin, Gary Brozek & Louis Henry Mitchell (2006). My Life as a Furry Red Monster: What Being Elmo Has Taught Me About Life, Love and Laughing Out Loud. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-7679-2375-8 Davis, Michael (2008). Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street. New York: Viking Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-01996-0 Finch, Christopher (1993). Jim Henson: The Works: The Art, the Magic, the Imagination. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-41203-4 Fisch, Shalom M.; Lewis Bernstein, "Formative Research Revealed: Methodological and Process Issues in Formative Research". In Fisch, Shalom M. & Truglio, Rosemarie T.. G" is for Growing: Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street. Mahweh, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8058-3394-2. Gikow, Louise A. (2009). Sesame Street: A Celebration—Forty Years of Life on the Street. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. ISBN 978-1-57912-638-4. Gladwell, Malcolm (2000). The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. New York: Little, Brown, and Company. ISBN 0-316-31696-2 Hellman, Peter (November 23, 1987). "Street Smart: How Big Bird & Co. do it". New York Magazine. 20 (46): 48–53. Retrieved August 2, 2019. Lesser, Gerald S. (1974). Children and Television: Lessons from Sesame Street. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-394-71448-2 Morrow, Robert W. (2006). Sesame Street and the Reform of Children's Television. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8230-3 External links Sesame Workshop Muppet and Puppeteer Bios vteSesame Street charactersMuppets of Sesame Street Abby Cadabby Bert and Ernie Bert Ernie Big Bird Cookie Monster Count von Count Elmo Grover Guy Smiley Julia Kermit the Frog Murray Monster Oscar the Grouch Roosevelt Franklin Rosita Sherlock Hemlock Mr. Snuffleupagus Two-Headed Monster Yip Yips Human characters Linda Mr. Hooper Mr. Noodle The Number Painter The Robinson Family Animated characters Teeny Little Super Guy International co-production characters Chema the baker Kami Pong Pagong Category vteThe Muppets Jim Henson The Muppets Studio Characters Kermit the Frog Miss Piggy Fozzie Bear Gonzo Rowlf the Dog Scooter Dr. Teeth and the Electric Mayhem Animal Statler and Waldorf Dr. Bunsen Honeydew Beaker Sam Eagle Swedish Chef Rizzo the Rat Pepe the King Prawn Walter TelevisionSeries Sam and Friends (1955–1961) The Muppet Show (1976–1981) (episodes) Muppet Babies (1984–1991) (episodes) Little Muppet Monsters (1985) The Jim Henson Hour (1989) Muppets Tonight (1996–1998) The Muppets (2015–2016) Muppet Babies (2018–2022) (episodes) Muppets Now (2020) The Muppets Mayhem (2023) Segments The Jimmy Dean Show ("Rowlf the Dog", 1963–1965) The Mike Douglas Show (1966–1979) The Ed Sullivan Show (including The Great Santa Claus Switch, 1966–1971) NBC's Saturday Night (The Land of Gorch, 1975–1976) Specials Hey, Cinderella! (1969) The Muppets on Puppets (1970) The Great Santa Claus Switch (1970) The Frog Prince (1971) The Muppet Musicians of Bremen (1972) The Muppets Valentine Show (1974) The Muppet Show: Sex and Violence (1975) John Denver and the Muppets: A Christmas Together (1979) The Muppets Go Hollywood (1979) The Muppets Go to the Movies (1981) The Fantastic Miss Piggy Show (1982) Rocky Mountain Holiday (1983) The Muppets: A Celebration of 30 Years (1986) A Muppet Family Christmas (1987) Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue (1990) The Earth Day Special (1990) The Muppets at Walt Disney World (1990) The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson (1990) Mr. Willowby's Christmas Tree (1995) Studio DC: Almost Live (2008) A Muppets Christmas: Letters to Santa (2008) Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular (2013) Muppets Haunted Mansion (2021) FilmsTheatrical The Muppet Movie (1979) The Great Muppet Caper (1981) The Muppets Take Manhattan (1984) The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992) Muppet Treasure Island (1996) Muppets from Space (1999) The Muppets (2011) Muppets Most Wanted (2014) Television Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas (1977) The Tale of the Bunny Picnic (1986) The Christmas Toy (1986) It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie (2002) The Muppets' Wizard of Oz (2005) Direct-to-video Muppet Classic Theater (1994) Kermit's Swamp Years (2002) MusicAlbums The Muppet Show (1977) The Muppet Show 2 (1978) The Muppet Movie (1979) John Denver and the Muppets: A Christmas Together (1979) Ol' Brown Ears Is Back (1993) Muppet Beach Party (1993) Kermit Unpigged (1994) The Muppet Show: Music, Mayhem, and More (2002) A Green and Red Christmas (2006) A Muppets Christmas: Letters to Santa (2009) The Green Album (2011) The Muppets (2011) Muppets Most Wanted (2014) The Electric Mayhem (The Muppets Mayhem: Music From the Disney+ Original Series) (2023) Songs "Rainbow Connection" "Bein' Green" "Mahna Mahna" "When the River Meets the Sea" "Bohemian Rhapsody" "Man or Muppet" Web series Statler and Waldorf: From the Balcony (2005–06) The Muppets Kitchen with Cat Cora (2010) Video games Pigs in Space (1983) Muppet Adventure: Chaos at the Carnival (1989) Muppets Inside (1996) Muppet Treasure Island (1996) Muppet Kids (1997) Jim Henson's Muppets (2000) Muppet RaceMania (2000) Muppet Monster Adventure (2000) Spy Muppets: License to Croak (2003) Muppets Party Cruise (2003) The Muppets Movie Adventures (2014) Disney Mirrorverse (2022) Disney Magic Kingdoms (2023) Disney Speedstorm (2024) Other media Muppet*Vision 3D (1991–present) Muppet Mobile Lab (2007–present) The Muppets Present...Great Moments in American History (2016–2020) Comics series Before You Leap Related Puppet Heap The Jim Henson Company Creature Shop Fraggle Rock characters Sesame Workshop Sesame Street Muppets Muppet Theory Kermitops Jim Henson Idea Man Category
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jim_Henson_(1989)_headshot.jpg"},{"link_name":"Jim Henson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Henson"},{"link_name":"The Muppets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Muppets"},{"link_name":"41st Primetime Emmy Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41st_Primetime_Emmy_Awards"},{"link_name":"The Muppets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Muppets"},{"link_name":"Jim Henson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Henson"},{"link_name":"Sesame Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame_Street"},{"link_name":"Joan Ganz Cooney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney"},{"link_name":"Boston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston"},{"link_name":"Jon Stone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Stone"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Children's Television Workshop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame_Workshop"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lesser%E2%80%93164-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fisch-39-6"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lesser%E2%80%93164-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fisch-39-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gladwell%E2%80%93106-8"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gladwell%E2%80%93106-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Oscar the Grouch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_the_Grouch"},{"link_name":"Big Bird","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bird"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Malcolm Gladwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Gladwell"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gladwell%E2%80%93106-8"},{"link_name":"Kermit the Frog","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kermit_the_Frog"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-retsinas-11"}],"text":"Jim Henson, creator of The Muppets (seen here at the 41st Primetime Emmy Awards 8 months before his death), was initially reluctant to work on Sesame Street, but joined due to social concerns of the time.The Muppets are a group of puppet characters created by Jim Henson, many for the purpose of appearing on the children's television program Sesame Street. Henson's involvement in Sesame Street began when he and Joan Ganz Cooney, one of the creators of the show, met in the summer of 1968, at one of the show's five three-day curriculum planning seminars in Boston. Author Christopher Finch reported that director Jon Stone, who had worked with Henson previously, felt that if they could not bring him on board, they should \"make do without puppets\".[1]Henson was originally reluctant but agreed to join Sesame Street in support of its social goals. He also agreed to waive his performance fee for full ownership of the Sesame Street Muppets and to split any revenue they generated with the Children's Television Workshop (renamed to the Sesame Workshop in 2000), the series' non-profit producer.[2] The Muppets were a crucial part of the show's popularity and it brought Henson national attention.[3] The Muppet segments of the show were popular since its premiere, and more Muppets were added during the first few seasons. The Muppets were effective teaching tools because children easily recognized them, they were predictable, and they appealed to adults and older siblings.[4]During the production of Sesame Street's first season, producers created five one-hour rubber baby baby bunkers to test the show's appeal to children and examine their comprehension of the material. Not intended for broadcast, they were presented to preschoolers in 60 homes throughout Philadelphia and in day care centers in New York City in July 1969.[5] The results were \"generally very positive\";[6] children learned from the shows, their appeal was high, and children's attention was sustained over the full hour.[5] However, the researchers found that although children's attention was high during the Muppet segments, their interest wavered during the \"Street\" segments, when no Muppets were on screen. This was because the producers had followed the advice of child psychologists who were concerned that children would be confused if human actors and Muppets were shown together. As a result of this decision, the appeal of the test episodes was lower than the target.[6][7]The Street scenes were \"the glue\" that \"pulled the show together\",[8] so producers knew they needed to make significant changes. The producers decided to reject the advisers' advice and reshot the Street segments; Henson and his coworkers created Muppets that could interact with the human actors,[8][9] specifically Oscar the Grouch and Big Bird, who became two of the show's most enduring characters.[10] These test episodes were directly responsible for what writer Malcolm Gladwell called \"the essence of Sesame Street—the artful blend of fluffy monsters and earnest adults\".[8] Since 2001, the full rights for the Muppets created for Sesame Street (which do not include Kermit the Frog) have been owned by Sesame Workshop.[11]","title":"List of Sesame Street Muppets"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frank_Oz_-_1984.jpg"},{"link_name":"Frank Oz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Oz"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carroll_Spinney_2014.jpg"},{"link_name":"Caroll 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Barnhart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Barnhart"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Matt_Robinson_1970b.jpg"},{"link_name":"Gordon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Robinson_(Sesame_Street)"}],"text":"Frank Oz, who performed many Muppets throughout his career, from the debut of Sesame Street to most Henson productionsCaroll Spinney performed Big Bird and Oscar the Grouch from the show's debut in 1969 until his retirement in 2018Steve Whitmire, who took over many of Jim Henson's characters after Henson's death in 1990, including Ernie and Kermit the Frog[12]Kevin Clash, with Elmo, his most famous puppet, whom he performed from 1985 to 2012Eric Jacobson (2015), pictured here performing GroverDavid Rudman (2015), who performs Baby Bear, Cookie Monster, and the Two-Headed MonsterJennifer Barnhart, who performed Gladys the Cow and Mama Bear, and also currently performs ZoeMatt Robinson, who in addition to performing the voice of the character Roosevelt 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Retrieved November 16, 2021.\n\n^ Suskind, Ron (December 2017). \"Why the Team Behind Sesame Street Created a Character With Autism\". Smithsonian. Retrieved August 17, 2019.\n\n^ a b Gikow, p. 131.\n\n^ Parker, Ryan (July 13, 2017). \"Kermit the Frog Muppeteer Says Disney Fired Him\". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 13, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2017.\n\n^ Finch, p. 37.\n\n^ Borgenicht, p. 89\n\n^ Lesser, p. 113.\n\n^ Gikow, p. 45.\n\n^ a b c Gikow, p. 226.\n\n^ Williams, Mary Elizabeth (October 12, 2010). \"The viral genius of \"Sesame Street\"\". Salon. Retrieved August 18, 2019.\n\n^ \"Louie\". Sesame Street.org. Retrieved February 11, 2015.\n\n^ Gikow, p. 105.\n\n^ Borgenicht, p. 73.\n\n^ Swick, Thomas (July 26, 1992). \"Inside the Apple\". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 21, 2019.\n\n^ Gikow, p. 197.\n\n^ a b Gikow, p. 150.\n\n^ Andrews, Travis M. (October 19, 2018). \"Here's why a happy show like 'Sesame Street' wanted an ornery character like Oscar the Grouch\". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 21, 2019.\n\n^ Gikow, p. 157.\n\n^ a b Gikow, p. 133.\n\n^ a b Hinckley, David (May 1, 2013). \"Kevin Clash nominated for Daytime Emmy despite leaving 'Sesame Street' amid sex scandal\". New York Daily News. Retrieved August 21, 2019.\n\n^ \"Stephanie D'Abruzzo\". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 21, 2019.\n\n^ Borgenicht, p. 77.\n\n^ a b c d e f g Borgenicht, p. 135.\n\n^ \"The Voices Behind the 'Sesame Street' Puppets: Carmen Osbahr\". ABC News.com. Retrieved August 22, 2019.\n\n^ \"Rosita\". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 24, 2019.\n\n^ Dawn, Randee (August 4, 2017). \"Abby Cadabby on 'Sesame Street' has a new stepbrother: Rudy!\". Today.com. Retrieved August 21, 2019.\n\n^ \"Frankie Cordero\". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 21, 2019.\n\n^ a b Gikow, p. 92.\n\n^ Bethea, April (October 31, 2010). \"Making Muppet music\". The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved August 21, 2019.\n\n^ Russell-Cole, Kathy; Wilson, Midge; Hall, Ronald E. (2013). The Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Color in a New Millennium (2nd ed.). New York: Random House. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-307-74423-4.\n\n^ a b Gikow, p. 94.\n\n^ Gikow, p. 34.\n\n^ Gikow, p. 36.\n\n^ Fanning, Win (November 2, 1971). \"Revamped Sesame Street Opens 3rd Season Nov. 15\". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 16. Retrieved August 23, 2019.\n\n^ Fessenden, Marissa (November 20, 2015). \"A Brief History of Sesame Street's Snuffleupagus Identity Crisis\". Smithsonian. Retrieved August 24, 2019.\n\n^ Scheetz, Cameron (November 11, 2014). \"Let The Oinker Sisters show you \"A New Way To Walk\"\". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on September 30, 2023.\n\n^ a b Gikow, p. 132.\n\n^ \"Eric Jacobson: Eric's Biography\". Sesame Street.org. Retrieved March 8, 2015.\n\n^ Rome, Emily (September 16, 2013). \"When Superman met Super Grover: Henry Cavill visits 'Sesame Street'\". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 19, 2015.\n\n^ \"Leslie Carrara-Rudolph\". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved December 13, 2022.\n\n^ \"Tango\". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved December 13, 2022.\n\n^ \"Martin Robinson\". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 22, 2019.\n\n^ \"Telly Monster\". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 24, 2019.\n\n^ Davis, p. 321\n\n^ \"Rocco\". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 24, 2019.","title":"Notes"}]
[{"image_text":"Jim Henson, creator of The Muppets (seen here at the 41st Primetime Emmy Awards 8 months before his death), was initially reluctant to work on Sesame Street, but joined due to social concerns of the time.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jim_Henson_%281989%29_headshot.jpg/200px-Jim_Henson_%281989%29_headshot.jpg"},{"image_text":"Frank Oz, who performed many Muppets throughout his career, from the debut of Sesame Street to most Henson productions","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Frank_Oz_-_1984.jpg/150px-Frank_Oz_-_1984.jpg"},{"image_text":"Caroll Spinney performed Big Bird and Oscar the Grouch from the show's debut in 1969 until his retirement in 2018","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Carroll_Spinney_2014.jpg/150px-Carroll_Spinney_2014.jpg"},{"image_text":"Steve Whitmire, who took over many of Jim Henson's characters after Henson's death in 1990, including Ernie and Kermit the Frog[12]","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Steve_Whitmire_2014.jpg/150px-Steve_Whitmire_2014.jpg"},{"image_text":"Kevin Clash, with Elmo, his most famous puppet, whom he performed from 1985 to 2012","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kevin_Clash_Elmo_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Kevin_Clash_Elmo_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Eric Jacobson (2015), pictured here performing Grover","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Eric_Jacobson_%282682319455%29.jpg/150px-Eric_Jacobson_%282682319455%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"David Rudman (2015), who performs Baby Bear, Cookie Monster, and the Two-Headed Monster","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/David_Rudman_Cookie_Monster_puppeteer_at_SXSW_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-David_Rudman_Cookie_Monster_puppeteer_at_SXSW_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Jennifer Barnhart, who performed Gladys the Cow and Mama Bear, and also currently performs Zoe","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Jennifer_Barnhart_UCONN_1992.jpg/150px-Jennifer_Barnhart_UCONN_1992.jpg"},{"image_text":"Matt Robinson, who in addition to performing the voice of the character Roosevelt Franklin, played Gordon on Sesame Street","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Matt_Robinson_1970b.jpg/150px-Matt_Robinson_1970b.jpg"}]
[{"title":"List of human Sesame Street characters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_Sesame_Street_characters"},{"title":"List of Muppets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Muppets"}]
[{"reference":"Retsinas, Greg (May 8, 2003). \"Hensons Buying Back the Muppets for $89 Million\". The New York Times. Retrieved July 31, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/08/business/media/08MUPP.html","url_text":"\"Hensons Buying Back the Muppets for $89 Million\""}]},{"reference":"\"Leslie Carrara-Rudolph\". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 24, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-kits/sesame-street-season-49/behind-scenes-ss49#leslie%20carrara-rudolph","url_text":"\"Leslie Carrara-Rudolph\""}]},{"reference":"Dominus, Susan (August 6, 2006). \"A Girly-Girl Joins the 'Sesame' Boys\". The New York Times. Retrieved August 2, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/06/arts/television/06domi.html?_r=2&pagewanted=all&","url_text":"\"A Girly-Girl Joins the 'Sesame' Boys\""}]},{"reference":"Prial, Frank J. (March 31, 2004). \"Alistair Cooke, Elegant Interpreter of America, Died at 95\". The New York Times. Retrieved August 2, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/31/arts/alistair-cooke-elegant-interpreter-of-america-dies-at-95.html","url_text":"\"Alistair Cooke, Elegant Interpreter of America, Died at 95\""}]},{"reference":"Heffernan, Virginia (November 18, 2007). \"Sweeping the Clouds Away\". The New York Times. p. 634. Retrieved August 2, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/18/magazine/18wwln-medium-t.html?_r=2&ref=magazine&","url_text":"\"Sweeping the Clouds Away\""}]},{"reference":"\"Behind the Scenes: John E. Kennedy\". Sesame Workshop.com. Retrieved August 2, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-kits/sesame-street-season-49/behind-scenes-ss49#john%20e.%20kennedy","url_text":"\"Behind the Scenes: John E. Kennedy\""}]},{"reference":"Episode 0131 Old School, Volume 1 (Disc 2) (9 November 1970) (DVD). Children's Television Workshop. 2006.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"David Rudman\". Sesame Workshop.com. Retrieved August 24, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-kits/sesame-street-season-49/behind-scenes-ss49#david%20rudman","url_text":"\"David Rudman\""}]},{"reference":"\"Baby Bear\". Sesame Workshop.com. Retrieved August 5, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-kits/sesame-street-season-49/behind-scenes-ss49#baby%20bear","url_text":"\"Baby Bear\""}]},{"reference":"Fallstrom, Bob (May 31, 2010). \"Former gymnast vaults into new career\". The Herald-Review. Decatur, Illinois. Retrieved August 2, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://herald-review.com/lifestyles/former-gymnast-vaults-into-new-career/article_7164283b-e360-52aa-b246-24666a8c0810.html","url_text":"\"Former gymnast vaults into new career\""}]},{"reference":"Marvell, Cindy (October 11, 1998). \"A Show as Light as the Air That Propels It\". The New York Times. 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ISBN 0-375-50781-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/wisdomofbigbirda00spin/page/62","url_text":"The Wisdom of Big Bird (and the Dark Genius of Oscar the Grouch): A Life in Feathers"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/wisdomofbigbirda00spin/page/62","url_text":"62"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-50781-7","url_text":"0-375-50781-7"}]},{"reference":"\"David Rudman\". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 6, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-kits/sesame-street-season-49/behind-scenes-ss49#david%20rudman","url_text":"\"David Rudman\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Voices Behind the 'Sesame Street' Puppets: David Rudman\". ABC News.com. 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Sesame Street.org. Retrieved February 8, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sesamestreet.org/muppets/curly-bear","url_text":"\"Curly Bear\""}]},{"reference":"Howard, Brendan (August 20, 2006). \"Puppeteer Loved to 'Rock'\". Home Media Magazine. Archived from the original on December 8, 2014. Retrieved February 8, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141208011441/http://www.homemediamagazine.com/news/puppeteer-loved-rock-9543","url_text":"\"Puppeteer Loved to 'Rock'\""},{"url":"http://www.homemediamagazine.com/news/puppeteer-loved-rock-9543","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Selk, Avi (March 21, 2017). \"Trump wants to defund PBS. 'Sesame Street' brutally parodied him for decades\". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 12, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2017/03/20/trump-wants-to-defund-pbs-sesame-street-brutally-parodied-him-for-decades/","url_text":"\"Trump wants to defund PBS. 'Sesame Street' brutally parodied him for decades\""}]},{"reference":"\"Donald Trump becomes a Muppet, Donald Grump\". CBC News. February 11, 2005. Retrieved August 12, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/donald-trump-becomes-a-muppet-donald-grump-1.557201","url_text":"\"Donald Trump becomes a Muppet, Donald Grump\""}]},{"reference":"Hicks, Tony (April 2, 2013). \"Hicks: Elmo may be back in business\". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved April 12, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_22929383/hicks-elmo-may-be-back-business","url_text":"\"Hicks: Elmo may be back in business\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ryan Dillon\". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 12, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-kits/sesame-street-season-49/behind-scenes-ss49#ryan%20dillon","url_text":"\"Ryan Dillon\""}]},{"reference":"\"Elmo\". Sesame Workshop.org. 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Retrieved November 16, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211116181610/https://www.cbr.com/sesame-street-jim-lee-simu-liu-api-special-episode/","url_text":"\"Sesame Street Welcomes Jim Lee, Simu Liu and More API Neighbors for a Special Episode\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBR.com","url_text":"CBR.com"},{"url":"https://www.cbr.com/sesame-street-jim-lee-simu-liu-api-special-episode/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Suskind, Ron (December 2017). \"Why the Team Behind Sesame Street Created a Character With Autism\". Smithsonian. Retrieved August 17, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/team-sesame-street-created-character-autism-180967218/","url_text":"\"Why the Team Behind Sesame Street Created a Character With Autism\""}]},{"reference":"Parker, Ryan (July 13, 2017). \"Kermit the Frog Muppeteer Says Disney Fired Him\". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 13, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/kermit-frog-muppeteer-says-he-was-fired-by-disney-1020466","url_text":"\"Kermit the Frog Muppeteer Says Disney Fired Him\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170713213313/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/kermit-frog-muppeteer-says-he-was-fired-by-disney-1020466","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Williams, Mary Elizabeth (October 12, 2010). \"The viral genius of \"Sesame Street\"\". Salon. Retrieved August 18, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.salon.com/2010/10/12/sesame_street_still_rocks/","url_text":"\"The viral genius of \"Sesame Street\"\""}]},{"reference":"\"Louie\". Sesame Street.org. Retrieved February 11, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sesamestreet.org/muppets/louie","url_text":"\"Louie\""}]},{"reference":"Swick, Thomas (July 26, 1992). \"Inside the Apple\". Chicago Tribune. 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Retrieved August 21, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/kevin-clash-win-emmy-article-1.1332482","url_text":"\"Kevin Clash nominated for Daytime Emmy despite leaving 'Sesame Street' amid sex scandal\""}]},{"reference":"\"Stephanie D'Abruzzo\". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 21, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-kits/sesame-street-season-49/behind-scenes-ss49#stephanie%20d%E2%80%99abruzzo","url_text":"\"Stephanie D'Abruzzo\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Voices Behind the 'Sesame Street' Puppets: Carmen Osbahr\". ABC News.com. Retrieved August 22, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/photos/voices-sesame-street-puppets-17769691/image-17770041","url_text":"\"The Voices Behind the 'Sesame Street' Puppets: Carmen Osbahr\""}]},{"reference":"\"Rosita\". Sesame Workshop.org. 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Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 24, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-kits/sesame-street-season-49/behind-scenes-ss49#telly%20monster","url_text":"\"Telly Monster\""}]},{"reference":"\"Rocco\". Sesame Workshop.org. Retrieved August 24, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-kits/sesame-street-season-49/behind-scenes-ss49#zoe","url_text":"\"Rocco\""}]}]
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Osbahr\""},{"Link":"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-kits/sesame-street-season-49/behind-scenes-ss49#rosita%C2%A0","external_links_name":"\"Rosita\""},{"Link":"https://www.today.com/popculture/abby-cadabby-sesame-street-has-new-stepbrother-rudy-t114677","external_links_name":"\"Abby Cadabby on 'Sesame Street' has a new stepbrother: Rudy!\""},{"Link":"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-kits/sesame-street-season-49/behind-scenes-ss49#frankie%20cordero","external_links_name":"\"Frankie Cordero\""},{"Link":"https://www.charlotteobserver.com/entertainment/article9042662.html","external_links_name":"\"Making Muppet music\""},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/colorcomplexpoli0000russ_f5l2/page/113","external_links_name":"The Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Color in a New Millennium"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/colorcomplexpoli0000russ_f5l2/page/113","external_links_name":"113"},{"Link":"https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19711102&id=7zsNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uGwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5062,353075&hl=en","external_links_name":"\"Revamped Sesame Street Opens 3rd Season Nov. 15\""},{"Link":"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/brief-history-sesame-streets-snuffleupagus-iidentity-crisis-180957351/","external_links_name":"\"A Brief History of Sesame Street's Snuffleupagus Identity Crisis\""},{"Link":"https://www.avclub.com/let-the-oinker-sisters-show-you-a-new-way-to-walk-1798273946","external_links_name":"\"Let The Oinker Sisters show you \"A New Way To Walk\"\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230930143314/https://www.avclub.com/let-the-oinker-sisters-show-you-a-new-way-to-walk-1798273946","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.sesamestreet.org/parents/theshow/cast/eric-jacobson","external_links_name":"\"Eric Jacobson: 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Monster\""},{"Link":"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-kits/sesame-street-season-49/behind-scenes-ss49#zoe","external_links_name":"\"Rocco\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=KOUCAAAAMBAJ","external_links_name":"\"Street Smart: How Big Bird & Co. do it\"."},{"Link":"https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-kits/sesame-street-season-49/behind-scenes-ss49","external_links_name":"Sesame Workshop Muppet and Puppeteer Bios"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Workshop_on_Operator_Theory_and_its_Applications
International Workshop on Operator Theory and its Applications
["1 History of IWOTA","1.1 First IWOTA Meeting","1.2 West Meets East","1.3 Previous IWOTA Meetings","1.4 IWOTA Proceedings","1.5 Funding Sources","2 The IWOTA Steering Committee","3 Future IWOTA Meetings","4 Israel Gohberg ILAS-IWOTA Lecture","5 References","6 External links"]
International Workshop on Operator Theory and its ApplicationsFormation1981; 43 years ago (1981)Chair of Vice PresidentsJ. William Helton International Workshop on Operator Theory and its Applications (IWOTA) was started in 1981 to bring together mathematicians and engineers working in operator theoretic side of functional analysis and its applications to related fields. These include: Differential equations and Integral equations Complex analysis and Harmonic analysis Linear system and Control theory Mathematical physics Signal processing Numerical analysis The other major branch of operator theory, Operator algebras (C* and von Neumann Algebras), is not heavily represented at IWOTA and has its own conferences. IWOTA gathers leading experts from all over the world for an intense exchange of new results, information and opinions, and for tracing the future developments in the field. The IWOTA meetings provide opportunities for participants (including young researchers) to present their own work in invited and contributed talks, to interact with other researchers from around the globe, and to broaden their knowledge of the field. In addition, IWOTA emphasizes cross-disciplinary interaction among mathematicians, electrical engineers and mathematical physicists. In the even years, the IWOTA workshop is a satellite meeting to the biennial International Symposium on the Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems (MTNS). From the humble beginnings in the early 80's, the IWOTA workshops grew to become one of the largest continuing conferences attended by the community of researchers in operator theory. History of IWOTA First IWOTA Meeting The International Workshop on Operator Theory and its Applications was started on August 1, 1981, adjacent to the International Symposium on Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems (MTNS) with goal of exposing operator theorists, even pure theorists, to recent developments in engineering (especially H-infinity methods in control theory) which had a significant intersection with operator theory. Israel Gohberg was the visionary and driving force of IWOTA and president of the IWOTA Steering Committee. From the beginning, J. W. Helton and M. A. Kaashoek served as vice presidents of the steering committee. West Meets East Besides the excitement of mathematical discovery over the decades at IWOTA, there was great excitement when the curtain between Soviet bloc and Western operator theorists fell. Until 1990, these two collections of extremely strong mathematicians seldom met due to the tight restrictions on travel from and in the communist countries. When the curtain dropped, the western mathematicians knew the classic Soviet papers but had a spotty knowledge of much of what else their counterparts were doing. Gohberg was one of the operator theorists who knew both sides and he guided IWOTA, a western institution, in bringing (and funding) many prominent FSU bloc operator theorists to speak at the meetings. As the IWOTA programs demonstrate, this significantly accelerated the cultures' mutual assimilation. Previous IWOTA Meetings # Year Location Chief Organizer(s) Proceedings in OTAA-series Participation 1 1981 Santa Monica, CA, USA J. W. Helton ± {\displaystyle \pm } 40 2 1983 Rehovot, Israel H. Dym, I. Gohberg OTAA 12 ± {\displaystyle \pm } 25 3 1985 Amsterdam, Netherlands M. A. Kaashoek OTAA 19 ± {\displaystyle \pm } 60 4 1987 Mesa, AZ, USA J. W. Helton, L. Rodman OTAA 35 ± {\displaystyle \pm } 50 5 1989 Rotterdam, Netherlands H. Bart OTAA 50 ± {\displaystyle \pm } 55 6 1991 Sapporo, Japan T. Ando OTAA 59 ± {\displaystyle \pm } 50 7 1993 Vienna, Austria H. Langer OTAA 80 ± {\displaystyle \pm } 60 8 1995 Regensburg, Germany R. Mennicken OTAA 102 and 103 115 9 1996 Bloomington, IN, USA H. Bercovici, C. Foiaş, J. Stampfli OTAA 115 55 10 1998 Groningen, Netherlands A. Dijksma OTAA 124 97 11 2000 Bordeaux, France N. K. Nikolski OTAA 129 202 12 2000 Faro, Portugal A. F. dos Santos OTAA 142 131 13 2002 Blacksburg, VA, USA J. A. Ball, M. Klaus OTAA 149 ± {\displaystyle \pm } 100 14 2003 Cagliari, Italy C. V. M. van der Mee, S. Seatzu OTAA 160 107 15 2004 Newcastle, UK M. A. Dritschel, N. Young OTAA 171 145 16 2005 Storrs, CT, USA V. Olshevsky OTAA 179 53 17 2006 Seoul, Korea I. B. Jung, W. Y. Lee, R. Curto OTAA 187 160 18 2007 Potchefstroom, South Africa J. J. Grobler, G. J. Groenewald OTAA 195 52 19 2008 Williamsburg, Virginia, U.S.A V. Bolotnikov, L. Rodman, I. Spitkovsky OTAA 202 and 203 236 20 2009 Guanajuato, Mexico N. Vasilevski OTAA 220 109 21 2010 Berlin, Germany J. Behrndt, K.-H. Förster, C. Trunk OTAA 221 355 22 2011 Seville, Spain A. Montes-Rodriguez OTAA 236 245 23 2012 Sydney, Australia T. ter Elst, P. Portal, D. Potapov OTAA 240 110 24 2013 Bangalore, India T. Bhattacharyya OTAA 247 172 25 2014 Amsterdam, Netherlands A. C. M. Ran OTAA 255 304 26 2015 Tbilisi, Georgia R. Duduchava OTAA 262 161 27 2016 St. Louis, USA G. Knese 162 28 2017 Chemnitz, Germany A. Böttcher OTAA 268 157 29 2018 Shanghai, China H. Lin, G. Yu OTAA 278 352 30 2019 Lisbon, Portugal A. Bastos OTAA 282 471 31 2021 Orange, CA, USA D. Alpay, D. Struppa OTAA 290 191 32 2021 Lancaster, United Kingdom G. Blower OTAA 292 299 33 2022 Kraków, Poland M. Ptak, M. Wojtylak OTAA 295 375 34 2023 Helsinki, Finland J. Virtanen 405 ^ Israel Gohberg died on 12 October 2009. ^ Leiba Rodman died on 2 March 2015. ^ Reinhard Mennicken died on 13 June 2019. ^ Ciprian Foias died on 22 March 2020. ^ Sebastiano Seatzu died on 13 February 2018. ^ Karl-Heinz Förster died on 29 January 2017. IWOTA Proceedings Proceedings of the IWOTA workshops appear in the Springer / Birkhäuser Verlag book series Operator Theory: Advances and Applications (OTAA) (founder: Israel Gohberg). While engineering conference proceedings often are handed to participants as they arrive and contain short papers on each conference talk, the IWOTA proceedings follow mathematics conference tradition and contain a modest number of papers and are published several years after the conference. Funding Sources IWOTA has received support from many sources, including the National Science Foundation , the London Mathematical Society, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (Spain), Australian Mathematical Sciences Institute, National Board for Higher Mathematics, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Indian Statistical Institute, Korea Research Foundation, United States-India Science & Technology Endowment Fund, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, the Commission for Developing Countries of the International Mathematical Union, Stichting Advancement of Mathematics (Netherlands), the National Research Foundation of South Africa, and Birkhäuser Publishing Ltd. The IWOTA Steering Committee IWOTA is directed by a steering committee which chooses the site for the next meeting, elects the chief local organizer(s) and insures the appearance of the enduring themes of IWOTA. The sub-themes of an IWOTA workshop and the lecturers are chosen by the local organizing committee after hearing the steering committee's board. The board consists of its vice presidents: Joseph A. Ball, J. William Helton (Chair), Sanne ter Horst, M. A. Kaashoek, Igor Klep, Christiane Tretter, Irene Sabadini, Victor Vinnikov and Hugo J. Woerdeman. In addition, past chief organizers who remain active in IWOTA are members of the steering committee. The board governs IWOTA with consultation and the consent of the full steering committee. Honorary members of the steering committee, elected in 2016, are: Israel Gohberg (deceased), Leiba Rodman (deceased), Tsuyoshi Ando, Harry Dym, Ciprian Foiaş (deceased), Heinz Langer, Nikolai Nikolski. Future IWOTA Meetings IWOTA 2024 will be held at University of Kent in Canterbury, United Kingdom. Main organizer is Ian Wood. Dates are August 12-16, 2024 IWOTA 2025 will be held at University of Twente in Enschede, The Netherlands. Main organizer is Felix Schwenninger. Dates are July 14-18, 2025 Israel Gohberg ILAS-IWOTA Lecture The Israel Gohberg ILAS-IWOTA Lecture was introduced in August 2016 and honors the legacy of Israel Gohberg, whose research crossed borders between operator theory, linear algebra, and related fields. This lecture is in collaboration with the International Linear Algebra Society (ILAS). This series of lectures will be delivered at IWOTA and ILAS Conferences, in different years, in the approximate ratio two-thirds at IWOTA and one-third at ILAS. The first three lectures will take place at IWOTA Lancaster UK 2021, ILAS 2022, and IWOTA 2024. Donations for the Israel Gohberg ILAS-IWOTA Lecture Fund are most welcome and can be submitted via the ILAS donation form. Donations are tax deductible in the United States. References ^ a b c J. W. Helton (1982). "A conference report". Integral Equations and Operator Theory. Vol. 5. pp. 605–607. ^ a b "NSF Award". 13th International Workshop on Operator Theory and Applications. Blacksburg, Virginia: National Science Foundation. 2002. ^ a b "NSF Award". IWOTA 2005 - International Workshop on Operator Theory and Applications. Storrs, CT: National Science Foundation. 2005. ^ "Notices of the American Mathematical Society" (PDF). Vol. 62, No. 1. American Mathematical Society. 2015. p. 4. ^ a b Levan, N., ed. (1981). International Symposium on Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems : August 5-7, 1981, Miramar-Sheraton Hotel, Santa Monica, California. North Hollywood, California: Western Periodicals Co. p. iii. ^ a b "IMAGE, the Bulletin of the International Linear Algebra Society" (PDF). International Linear Algebra Society. 2014. p. 35. ^ Langer, Heinz (2008-06-23). "VI.2. The Vienna University of Technology at Vienna, Austria". In Bart, Harm; Hempfling, Thomas; Kaashoek, Marinus A. (eds.). Israel Gohberg and Friends: On the Occasion of his 80th Birthday. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag. pp. 249–252. ISBN 9783764387334. ^ Landau, Henry J. (2008-06-23). "To Israel". In Bart, Harm; Hempfling, Thomas; Kaashoek, Marinus A. (eds.). Israel Gohberg and Friends: On the Occasion of his 80th Birthday. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag. pp. 309–310. ISBN 9783764387334. ^ a b c "IWOTA-2015 Program" (PDF). Georgian Mathematical Union, Georgian National Academy of Sciences. 2015. ^ Dijksma, A.; Kaashoek, M.A.; Ran, A.C.M., eds. (2001). Recent Advances in Operator Theory. Operator Theory: Advances and Applications. Vol. 124 (1 ed.). Basel, Boston, Berlin: Birkhäuser Verlag. pp. xiii–xxii. ISBN 978-3-0348-9516-3. ISSN 0255-0156. ^ a b Ball, J.A.; Dym, H.; Kaashoek, M.A.; Langer, H.; Tretter, C. (eds.). Operator Theory: Advances and Applications. Series. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag. ISSN 0255-0156. ^ A. E. Frazho; M. A. Kaashoek; L. Rodman (2010). "Israel Gohberg ". IEEE Control Systems Magazine. Vol. 30. pp. 135–139. ^ "Notice regarding Professor Leiba Rodman". ^ "International Workshop on Operator Theory and its Applications". www.lancaster.ac.uk. Lancaster University. ^ "Travel Support for IWOTA 2004". ^ "NSF Award". Nineteenth International Workshop on Operator Theory and Applications. Williamsburg, Virginia: National Science Foundation. 2008. ^ "Travel Support for IWOTA 2009". ^ "Travel Support for IWOTA 2012". ^ a b "IWOTA 2004". www.ncl.ac.uk. Retrieved 2015-11-24. ^ "IWOTA 2010". www3.math.tu-berlin.de. Retrieved 2015-11-22. ^ "IWOTA 2011". www.us.es. Retrieved 2015-11-24. ^ "AMSI Annual Report 2012-2013" (PDF). p. 24. ^ a b "IWOTA 2013". www.iisc.ernet.in. Retrieved 2015-11-24. ^ a b c Grobler, J.J.; Labuschagne, L.E.; Möller, M., eds. (2010). Operator Algebras, Operator Theory and Applications. Operator Theory: Advances and Applications. Vol. 195 (1 ed.). Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag. p. vii. doi:10.1007/978-3-0346-0174-0. ISBN 978-3-0346-0173-3. ISSN 0255-0156. ^ Ando, T.; Curto, R.E.; Jung, I.B.; et al., eds. (2009). Recent Advances in Operator Theory and Applications. Operator Theory: Advances and Applications. Vol. 187 (1 ed.). Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag. p. viii. doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-8893-5. ISBN 978-3-7643-8892-8. ISSN 0255-0156. ^ "IWOTA 2014". www.math.vu.nl. Retrieved 2015-11-22. ^ "International Workshop on Operator Theory and its Applications (IWOTA)". ^ "International Linear Algebra Society (ILAS)". ^ "International Linear Algebra Society (ILAS) donation page". External links Operator Theory: Advances and Applications Series on Springer website IWOTA's YouTube Channel IWOTA 2000 - Bordeaux, France IWOTA 2006 - Seoul, Korea IWOTA 2007 - Potchefstroom, South Africa IWOTA 2008 - Williamsburg, Virginia, U.S.A IWOTA 2010 - Berlin, Germany IWOTA 2011 - Seville, Spain IWOTA 2012 - Sydney, Australia IWOTA 2013 - Bangalore, India IWOTA 2014 - Amsterdam, Netherlands IWOTA 2015 - Tbilisi, Georgia IWOTA 2016 - St. Louis, Missouri, USA IWOTA 2017 - Chemnitz, Germany IWOTA 2019 - Lisbon, Portugal IWOTA Chapman USA 2021 - Orange, California, USA IWOTA Lancaster UK 2021 - Lancaster, United Kingdom IWOTA 2022 - Kraków, Poland IWOTA 2023 - Helsinki, Finland IWOTA 2024 - Canterbury, United Kingdom vteInternational mathematical activitiesOrganizations and Projects International Mathematical Union International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation International Association of Mathematical Physics International Commission on the History of Mathematics International Congress of Chinese Mathematicians International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics International Linear Algebra Society International Society for Mathematical Sciences International Mathematical Knowledge Trust International Society for the Interaction of Mechanics and Mathematics International Workshop on Operator Theory and its Applications The Bridges Organization International Congress of Mathematicians Competitions International Mathematical Olympiad International Mathematical Olympiad selection process International Mathematical Modeling Challenge Mathematical Kangaroo International Mathematics Competition for University Students Awards Fields Medal Abel Prize International Giovanni Sacchi Landriani Prize Brouwer Medal David Hilbert Award Kolmogorov Medal Lobachevsky Prize Hans Schneider Prize in Linear Algebra
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"mathematicians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematician"},{"link_name":"engineers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineer"},{"link_name":"operator theoretic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_theory"},{"link_name":"functional analysis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_analysis"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NSF0126746-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NSF0536873-3"},{"link_name":"Differential equations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_equations"},{"link_name":"Integral equations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_equations"},{"link_name":"Complex analysis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_analysis"},{"link_name":"Harmonic analysis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_analysis"},{"link_name":"Linear system","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_system"},{"link_name":"Control theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_theory"},{"link_name":"Mathematical physics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_physics"},{"link_name":"Signal processing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_processing"},{"link_name":"Numerical analysis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysis"},{"link_name":"operator theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_theory"},{"link_name":"Operator algebras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_algebras"},{"link_name":"researchers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research"},{"link_name":"researchers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"mathematicians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematician"},{"link_name":"electrical engineers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering"},{"link_name":"mathematical physicists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_physics"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mtns-5"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"operator theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_theory"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-image-6"}],"text":"International Workshop on Operator Theory and its Applications (IWOTA) was started in 1981[1] to bring together mathematicians and engineers working in operator theoretic side of functional analysis and its applications to related fields.[2][3] These include:Differential equations and Integral equations\nComplex analysis and Harmonic analysis\nLinear system and Control theory\nMathematical physics\nSignal processing\nNumerical analysisThe other major branch of operator theory, Operator algebras (C* and von Neumann Algebras), is not heavily represented at IWOTA and has its own conferences.IWOTA gathers leading experts from all over the world for an intense exchange of new results, information and opinions, and for tracing the future developments in the field. The IWOTA meetings provide opportunities for participants (including young researchers) to present their own work in invited and contributed talks, to interact with other researchers from around the globe, and to broaden their knowledge of the field.[4] \nIn addition, IWOTA emphasizes cross-disciplinary interaction among mathematicians, electrical engineers and mathematical physicists. In the even years, the IWOTA workshop is a satellite meeting to the biennial International Symposium on the Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems (MTNS).[5] From the humble beginnings in the early 80's,[1] the IWOTA workshops grew to become one of the largest continuing conferences attended by the community of researchers in operator theory.[6]","title":"International Workshop on Operator Theory and its Applications"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History of IWOTA"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mtns-5"},{"link_name":"operator theorists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_theory"},{"link_name":"pure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_mathematics"},{"link_name":"engineering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering"},{"link_name":"H-infinity methods in control theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-infinity_methods_in_control_theory"},{"link_name":"operator theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_theory"},{"link_name":"Israel Gohberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Gohberg"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"sub_title":"First IWOTA Meeting","text":"The International Workshop on Operator Theory and its Applications was started on August 1, 1981,[1] adjacent to the International Symposium on Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems (MTNS)[5] with goal of exposing operator theorists, even pure theorists, to recent developments in engineering (especially H-infinity methods in control theory) which had a significant intersection with operator theory. Israel Gohberg was the visionary and driving force of IWOTA[7] and president of the IWOTA Steering Committee. From the beginning, J. W. Helton and M. A. Kaashoek served as vice presidents of the steering committee.","title":"History of IWOTA"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"curtain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Curtain"},{"link_name":"Soviet bloc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_bloc"},{"link_name":"restrictions on travel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Soviet_Union#Freedom_of_movement"},{"link_name":"communist countries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_state"},{"link_name":"curtain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Curtain"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Gohberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Gohberg"},{"link_name":"FSU bloc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_states"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-program-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"sub_title":"West Meets East","text":"Besides the excitement of mathematical discovery over the decades at IWOTA, there was great excitement when the curtain between Soviet bloc and Western operator theorists fell. Until 1990, these two collections of extremely strong mathematicians seldom met due to the tight restrictions on travel from and in the communist countries. When the curtain dropped, the western mathematicians knew the classic Soviet papers but had a spotty knowledge of much of what else their counterparts were doing.[8] Gohberg was one of the operator theorists who knew both sides and he guided IWOTA, a western institution, in bringing (and funding) many prominent FSU bloc operator theorists to speak at the meetings. As the IWOTA programs demonstrate,[9] this significantly accelerated the cultures' mutual assimilation.[10]","title":"History of IWOTA"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-13"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IG-12"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-15"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-16"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-17"},{"link_name":"Ciprian Foias","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciprian_Foias"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-18"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-19"}],"sub_title":"Previous IWOTA Meetings","text":"^ Israel Gohberg died on 12 October 2009.[12]\n\n^ Leiba Rodman died on 2 March 2015.[13]\n\n^ Reinhard Mennicken died on 13 June 2019.\n\n^ Ciprian Foias died on 22 March 2020.\n\n^ Sebastiano Seatzu died on 13 February 2018.\n\n^ Karl-Heinz Förster died on 29 January 2017.","title":"History of IWOTA"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Proceedings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceedings"},{"link_name":"Springer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media"},{"link_name":"Birkhäuser Verlag","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkh%C3%A4user"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-OTAA-11"},{"link_name":"Israel Gohberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Gohberg"},{"link_name":"engineering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering"},{"link_name":"proceedings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceedings"},{"link_name":"proceedings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceedings"},{"link_name":"mathematics conference","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_conference"}],"sub_title":"IWOTA Proceedings","text":"Proceedings of the IWOTA workshops appear in the Springer / Birkhäuser Verlag book series Operator Theory: Advances and Applications (OTAA)[11] (founder: Israel Gohberg). While engineering conference proceedings often are handed to participants as they arrive and contain short papers on each conference talk, the IWOTA proceedings follow mathematics conference tradition and contain a modest number of papers and are published several years after the conference.","title":"History of IWOTA"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"National Science Foundation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_Foundation"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NSF0126746-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NSF0536873-3"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NSF0757364-22"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"London Mathematical Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Mathematical_Society"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-newcastle-25"},{"link_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_and_Physical_Sciences_Research_Council"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-newcastle-25"},{"link_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"Australian Mathematical Sciences Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Mathematical_Sciences_Institute"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"National Board for Higher Mathematics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Board_for_Higher_Mathematics"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-india-29"},{"link_name":"International Centre for Theoretical Physics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Centre_for_Theoretical_Physics"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-southafrica-30"},{"link_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Statistical_Institute"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-image-6"},{"link_name":"Korea Research Foundation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Research_Foundation"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"United States-India Science & Technology Endowment Fund","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States-India_Science_%26_Technology_Endowment_Fund"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-india-29"},{"link_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Organisatie_voor_Wetenschappelijk_Onderzoek"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-netherlands-32"},{"link_name":"International Mathematical Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mathematical_Union"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-program-9"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-southafrica-30"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-program-9"},{"link_name":"National Research Foundation of South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Research_Foundation_of_South_Africa"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-southafrica-30"},{"link_name":"Birkhäuser Publishing Ltd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkh%C3%A4user"}],"sub_title":"Funding Sources","text":"IWOTA has received support from many sources, including the National Science Foundation[2][3][15]\n[16]\n,[17][18] the London Mathematical Society,[19] the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council,[19] Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,[20] Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (Spain),[21] Australian Mathematical Sciences Institute,[22] National Board for Higher Mathematics,[23] International Centre for Theoretical Physics,[24] Indian Statistical Institute,[6] Korea Research Foundation,[25] United States-India Science & Technology Endowment Fund,[23] Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek,[26] the Commission for Developing Countries of the International Mathematical Union,[9][24] Stichting Advancement of Mathematics (Netherlands),[9] the National Research Foundation of South Africa,[24] and Birkhäuser Publishing Ltd.","title":"History of IWOTA"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"Christiane Tretter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiane_Tretter"}],"text":"IWOTA is directed by a steering committee[27] which chooses the site for the next meeting, elects the chief local organizer(s) and insures the appearance of the enduring themes of IWOTA. The sub-themes of an IWOTA workshop and the lecturers are chosen by the local organizing committee after hearing the steering committee's board. The board consists of its vice presidents: Joseph A. Ball, J. William Helton (Chair), Sanne ter Horst, M. A. Kaashoek, Igor Klep, Christiane Tretter, Irene Sabadini, Victor Vinnikov and Hugo J. Woerdeman. In addition, past chief organizers who remain active in IWOTA are members of the steering committee. The board governs IWOTA with consultation and the consent of the full steering committee. Honorary members of the steering committee, elected in 2016, are: Israel Gohberg (deceased), Leiba Rodman (deceased), Tsuyoshi Ando, Harry Dym, Ciprian Foiaş (deceased), Heinz Langer, Nikolai Nikolski.","title":"The IWOTA Steering Committee"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of Kent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Kent"},{"link_name":"Canterbury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterbury"},{"link_name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"University of Twente","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Twente"},{"link_name":"Enschede","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enschede"},{"link_name":"The Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Netherlands"}],"text":"IWOTA 2024 will be held at University of Kent in Canterbury, United Kingdom. Main organizer is Ian Wood. Dates are August 12-16, 2024\nIWOTA 2025 will be held at University of Twente in Enschede, The Netherlands. Main organizer is Felix Schwenninger. Dates are July 14-18, 2025","title":"Future IWOTA Meetings"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"International Linear Algebra Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Linear_Algebra_Society"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"}],"text":"The Israel Gohberg ILAS-IWOTA Lecture was introduced in August 2016 and honors the legacy of Israel Gohberg, whose research crossed borders between operator theory, linear algebra, and related fields. This lecture is in collaboration with the International Linear Algebra Society (ILAS).[28] This series of lectures will be delivered at IWOTA and ILAS Conferences, in different years, in the approximate ratio two-thirds at IWOTA and one-third at ILAS. The first three lectures will take place at IWOTA Lancaster UK 2021, ILAS 2022, and IWOTA 2024. Donations for the Israel Gohberg ILAS-IWOTA Lecture Fund are most welcome and can be submitted via the ILAS donation form.[29] Donations are tax deductible in the United States.","title":"Israel Gohberg ILAS-IWOTA Lecture"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirhut_Railway
Tirhut Railway
["1 See also","2 Notes"]
Railway in Northern India This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Tirhut RailwayIndustryRailwaysPredecessornoneDefunct1 January 1943.SuccessorOudh and Tirhut RailwayHeadquartersIndiaArea servedNorthern IndiaServicesRail transport Tirhut Railway (originally Tirhoot State Railway) was originally owned by the Raj Darbhanga and later by the provincial government. Its ownership was later transferred to the Government of India which operated it as part of the Indian State Railways from opening to late 1886, as the Tirhoot Railway from late 1886 to 30 June 1890 and by the Bengal and North Western Railway from 1 July 1890. Tirhoot Railway absorbed the Segowlie-Raxaul Railway is around 1920. The Tirhut Railway was merged into the Oudh and Tirhut Railway on 1 January 1943. The first railway line in Tirhoot was laid from the Darbhanga palace compound (where the place is still marked by the now Kameshwar Singh University) to Bajitpur in Sakri. A second line was laid down from Darbhanga to Samastipur as the first line for general transport in the Tirhoot Division. See also Rail transport in India#History Notes Rao, M.A. (1988), Indian Railways, New Delhi: National Book Trust Evolution of Indian Railways, Chapter 1 - Historical Background vteRailways in Northern IndiaNational network/trunk lines Howrah–Delhi main line New Delhi–Chennai main line New Delhi–Mumbai main line Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line Delhi–Jaipur line Jaipur–Ahmedabad line Branch lines/ sections Agra–Bhopal section Ahmedabad–Udaipur line Allahabad–Mau–Gorakhpur main line Ambala–Attari line Amritsar–Khem Karan line Amritsar–Pathankot line Aunrihar–Jaunpur line Barauni–Gorakhpur, Raxaul and Jainagar lines Bathinda–Rewari line Bathinda–Rajpura line Bikaner–Rewari line Bhanupli–Leh line Chandigarh–Sahnewal line Delhi–Fazilka line Delhi–Kalka line Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line Delhi–Moradabad line Jalandhar–Firozpur line Jalandhar–Jammu line Jammu–Baramulla line Jodhpur–Bathinda line Jodhpur–Jaisalmer line Kanpur–Delhi section Laksar–Dehradun line Lucknow–Gorakhpur line Lucknow–Moradabad line Ludhiana–Fazilka line Ludhiana–Jakhal line Marwar Junction–Munabao line Mathura–Vadodara section Mau–Ghazipur–Dildarnagar main line Merta Road–Rewari line Moradabad–Ambala line Mughalsarai–Kanpur section Rewari–Rohtak line Shri Ganganagar–Sadulpur line Suratgarh–Bathinda line Varanasi–Chhapra line Varanasi–Lucknow main line Varanasi–Rae Bareli–Lucknow line Varanasi–Sultanpur–Lucknow line Urban and suburbanrail transport Delhi Suburban Railway Delhi Metro (Blue Green Grey Magenta Orange Pink Red Violet Yellow) Rapid Metro Gurgaon Lucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway Barabanki–Lucknow Suburban Railway Delhi–Meerut RRTS Heritage railways Kalka–Shimla Railway Monorails Patiala State Monorail Trainways Defunct lines Jammu–Sialkot line Manufacturing unitsand workshops Banaras Locomotive Works Rail Coach Factory, Kapurthala Modern Coach Factory, Raebareli Railway companies Northern Railway North Eastern Railway North Central Railway North Western Railway East Indian Railway Company Kangra Valley Railway Rajputana–Malwa Railway Tirhut Railway Oudh and Tirhut Railway Indian Branch Railway Company Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway Cawnpore–Burhwal Railway Cawnpore–Barabanki Railway Lucknow–Bareilly Railway Bengal and North Western Railway Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway Mashrak–Thawe Extension Railway Lucknow–Sitapur–Seramow Provincial State Railway Bareilly–Pilibheet Provincial State Railway Segowlie–Raxaul Railway Delhi Metro Rail Corporation National Capital Region Transport Corporation See also Indian Railways Bholu (mascot) 1974 railway strike in India Haryana Orbital Rail Corridor
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A second line was laid down from Darbhanga to Samastipur as the first line for general transport in the Tirhoot Division.","title":"Tirhut Railway"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Railways_in_Northern_India"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Railways_in_Northern_India"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Railways_in_Northern_India"},{"link_name":"Howrah–Delhi main line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howrah%E2%80%93Delhi_main_line"},{"link_name":"New Delhi–Chennai main line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi%E2%80%93Chennai_main_line"},{"link_name":"New Delhi–Mumbai main line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi%E2%80%93Mumbai_main_line"},{"link_name":"Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howrah%E2%80%93Gaya%E2%80%93Delhi_line"},{"link_name":"Delhi–Jaipur 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Jainagar lines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barauni%E2%80%93Gorakhpur,_Raxaul_and_Jainagar_lines"},{"link_name":"Bathinda–Rewari line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathinda%E2%80%93Rewari_line"},{"link_name":"Bathinda–Rajpura line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathinda%E2%80%93Rajpura_line"},{"link_name":"Bikaner–Rewari line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikaner%E2%80%93Rewari_line"},{"link_name":"Bhanupli–Leh line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhanupli%E2%80%93Leh_line"},{"link_name":"Chandigarh–Sahnewal line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh%E2%80%93Sahnewal_line"},{"link_name":"Delhi–Fazilka line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Fazilka_line"},{"link_name":"Delhi–Kalka line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Kalka_line"},{"link_name":"Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Meerut%E2%80%93Saharanpur_line"},{"link_name":"Delhi–Moradabad line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Moradabad_line"},{"link_name":"Jalandhar–Firozpur line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalandhar%E2%80%93Firozpur_line"},{"link_name":"Jalandhar–Jammu line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalandhar%E2%80%93Jammu_line"},{"link_name":"Jammu–Baramulla line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu%E2%80%93Baramulla_line"},{"link_name":"Jodhpur–Bathinda line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodhpur%E2%80%93Bathinda_line"},{"link_name":"Jodhpur–Jaisalmer line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodhpur%E2%80%93Jaisalmer_line"},{"link_name":"Kanpur–Delhi section","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanpur%E2%80%93Delhi_section"},{"link_name":"Laksar–Dehradun line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laksar%E2%80%93Dehradun_line"},{"link_name":"Lucknow–Gorakhpur line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow%E2%80%93Gorakhpur_line"},{"link_name":"Lucknow–Moradabad line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow%E2%80%93Moradabad_line"},{"link_name":"Ludhiana–Fazilka line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludhiana%E2%80%93Fazilka_line"},{"link_name":"Ludhiana–Jakhal line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludhiana%E2%80%93Jakhal_line"},{"link_name":"Marwar Junction–Munabao line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwar_Junction%E2%80%93Munabao_line"},{"link_name":"Mathura–Vadodara section","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathura%E2%80%93Vadodara_section"},{"link_name":"Mau–Ghazipur–Dildarnagar main line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mau%E2%80%93Ghazipur%E2%80%93Dildarnagar_main_line"},{"link_name":"Merta Road–Rewari line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merta_Road%E2%80%93Rewari_line"},{"link_name":"Moradabad–Ambala line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moradabad%E2%80%93Ambala_line"},{"link_name":"Mughalsarai–Kanpur section","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughalsarai%E2%80%93Kanpur_section"},{"link_name":"Rewari–Rohtak line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewari%E2%80%93Rohtak_line"},{"link_name":"Shri Ganganagar–Sadulpur line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shri_Ganganagar%E2%80%93Sadulpur_line"},{"link_name":"Suratgarh–Bathinda line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suratgarh%E2%80%93Bathinda_line"},{"link_name":"Varanasi–Chhapra line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasi%E2%80%93Chhapra_line"},{"link_name":"Varanasi–Lucknow main line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasi%E2%80%93Lucknow_line"},{"link_name":"Varanasi–Rae Bareli–Lucknow line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasi%E2%80%93Rae_Bareli%E2%80%93Lucknow_line"},{"link_name":"Varanasi–Sultanpur–Lucknow line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasi%E2%80%93Sultanpur%E2%80%93Lucknow_line"},{"link_name":"Delhi Suburban Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Suburban_Railway"},{"link_name":"Delhi Metro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Metro"},{"link_name":"Blue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Line_(Delhi_Metro)"},{"link_name":"Green","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Line_(Delhi_Metro)"},{"link_name":"Grey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Line_(Delhi_Metro)"},{"link_name":"Magenta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magenta_Line_(Delhi_Metro)"},{"link_name":"Orange","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Airport_Metro_Express"},{"link_name":"Pink","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Line_(Delhi_Metro)"},{"link_name":"Red","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Line_(Delhi_Metro)"},{"link_name":"Violet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_Line_(Delhi_Metro)"},{"link_name":"Yellow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Line_(Delhi_Metro)"},{"link_name":"Rapid Metro Gurgaon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_Metro_Gurgaon"},{"link_name":"Lucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow%E2%80%93Kanpur_Suburban_Railway"},{"link_name":"Barabanki–Lucknow Suburban Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barabanki%E2%80%93Lucknow_Suburban_Railway"},{"link_name":"Delhi–Meerut RRTS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Meerut_Regional_Rapid_Transit_System"},{"link_name":"Kalka–Shimla Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalka%E2%80%93Shimla_Railway"},{"link_name":"Patiala State Monorail Trainways","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patiala_State_Monorail_Trainways"},{"link_name":"Jammu–Sialkot line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu%E2%80%93Sialkot_line"},{"link_name":"Banaras Locomotive Works","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaras_Locomotive_Works"},{"link_name":"Rail Coach Factory, Kapurthala","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_Coach_Factory,_Kapurthala"},{"link_name":"Modern Coach Factory, Raebareli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Coach_Factory,_Raebareli"},{"link_name":"Northern Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Railway_zone"},{"link_name":"North Eastern Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Eastern_Railway_zone"},{"link_name":"North Central Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Central_Railway_zone"},{"link_name":"North Western Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Western_Railway_zone"},{"link_name":"East Indian Railway Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Indian_Railway_Company"},{"link_name":"Kangra Valley Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangra_Valley_Railway"},{"link_name":"Rajputana–Malwa Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputana%E2%80%93Malwa_Railway"},{"link_name":"Tirhut Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Oudh and Tirhut Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudh_and_Tirhut_Railway"},{"link_name":"Indian Branch Railway Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Branch_Railway_Company"},{"link_name":"Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudh_and_Rohilkhand_Railway"},{"link_name":"Cawnpore–Burhwal Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cawnpore%E2%80%93Burhwal_Railway"},{"link_name":"Cawnpore–Barabanki Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cawnpore%E2%80%93Barabanki_Railway"},{"link_name":"Lucknow–Bareilly Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow%E2%80%93Bareilly_Railway"},{"link_name":"Bengal and North Western Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_and_North_Western_Railway"},{"link_name":"Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohilkund_and_Kumaon_Railway"},{"link_name":"Mashrak–Thawe Extension Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashrak%E2%80%93Thawe_Extension_Railway"},{"link_name":"Lucknow–Sitapur–Seramow Provincial State Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow%E2%80%93Sitapur%E2%80%93Seramow_Provincial_State_Railway"},{"link_name":"Bareilly–Pilibheet Provincial State Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bareilly%E2%80%93Pilibheet_Provincial_State_Railway"},{"link_name":"Segowlie–Raxaul Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segowlie%E2%80%93Raxaul_Railway"},{"link_name":"Delhi Metro Rail Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Metro_Rail_Corporation"},{"link_name":"National Capital Region Transport Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Region_Transport_Corporation"},{"link_name":"Indian Railways","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Railways"},{"link_name":"Bholu (mascot)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bholu_(mascot)"},{"link_name":"1974 railway strike in India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_railway_strike_in_India"},{"link_name":"Haryana Orbital Rail Corridor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryana_Orbital_Rail_Corridor"}],"text":"Rao, M.A. (1988), Indian Railways, New Delhi: National Book Trust\nEvolution of Indian Railways, Chapter 1 - Historical BackgroundvteRailways in Northern IndiaNational network/trunk lines\nHowrah–Delhi main line\nNew Delhi–Chennai main line\nNew Delhi–Mumbai main line\nHowrah–Gaya–Delhi line\nDelhi–Jaipur line\nJaipur–Ahmedabad line\nBranch lines/ sections\nAgra–Bhopal section\nAhmedabad–Udaipur line\nAllahabad–Mau–Gorakhpur main line\nAmbala–Attari line\nAmritsar–Khem Karan line\nAmritsar–Pathankot line\nAunrihar–Jaunpur line\nBarauni–Gorakhpur, Raxaul and Jainagar lines\nBathinda–Rewari line\nBathinda–Rajpura line\nBikaner–Rewari line\nBhanupli–Leh line\nChandigarh–Sahnewal line\nDelhi–Fazilka line\nDelhi–Kalka line\nDelhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line\nDelhi–Moradabad line\nJalandhar–Firozpur line\nJalandhar–Jammu line\nJammu–Baramulla line\nJodhpur–Bathinda line\nJodhpur–Jaisalmer line\nKanpur–Delhi section\nLaksar–Dehradun line\nLucknow–Gorakhpur line\nLucknow–Moradabad line\nLudhiana–Fazilka line\nLudhiana–Jakhal line\nMarwar Junction–Munabao line\nMathura–Vadodara section\nMau–Ghazipur–Dildarnagar main line\nMerta Road–Rewari line\nMoradabad–Ambala line\nMughalsarai–Kanpur section\nRewari–Rohtak line\nShri Ganganagar–Sadulpur line\nSuratgarh–Bathinda line\nVaranasi–Chhapra line\nVaranasi–Lucknow main line\nVaranasi–Rae Bareli–Lucknow line\nVaranasi–Sultanpur–Lucknow line\nUrban and suburbanrail transport\nDelhi Suburban Railway\nDelhi Metro (Blue\nGreen\nGrey\nMagenta\nOrange\nPink\nRed\nViolet\nYellow)\nRapid Metro Gurgaon\nLucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway\nBarabanki–Lucknow Suburban Railway\nDelhi–Meerut RRTS\nHeritage railways\nKalka–Shimla Railway\nMonorails\nPatiala State Monorail Trainways\nDefunct lines\nJammu–Sialkot line\nManufacturing unitsand workshops\nBanaras Locomotive Works\nRail Coach Factory, Kapurthala\nModern Coach Factory, Raebareli\nRailway companies\nNorthern Railway\nNorth Eastern Railway\nNorth Central Railway\nNorth Western Railway\nEast Indian Railway Company\nKangra Valley Railway\nRajputana–Malwa Railway\nTirhut Railway\nOudh and Tirhut Railway\nIndian Branch Railway Company\nOudh and Rohilkhand Railway\nCawnpore–Burhwal Railway\nCawnpore–Barabanki Railway\nLucknow–Bareilly Railway\nBengal and North Western Railway\nRohilkund and Kumaon Railway\nMashrak–Thawe Extension Railway\nLucknow–Sitapur–Seramow Provincial State Railway\nBareilly–Pilibheet Provincial State Railway\nSegowlie–Raxaul Railway\nDelhi Metro Rail Corporation\nNational Capital Region Transport Corporation\nSee also\nIndian Railways\nBholu (mascot)\n1974 railway strike in India\nHaryana Orbital Rail Corridor","title":"Notes"}]
[]
[{"title":"Rail transport in India#History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India#History"}]
[]
[]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PZL_TS-8_Bies
PZL TS-8 Bies
["1 Development","2 Design","3 Operational history","4 Variants","5 Operators","6 Specifications","7 See also","8 References","9 External links"]
TS-8 Bies TS-8 during Góraszka Air Show 2007 Role Trainer aircraftType of aircraft Manufacturer WSK PZL-Mielec First flight 23 July 1955 Introduction 1957 Retired 1978 Primary users Polish Air ForceAeroklub Polski Produced 1957–1960 Number built 251 The PZL TS-8 Bies (Devil) is a Polish trainer aircraft, used from 1957 to the 1970s by the Polish Air Force and civilian aviation. Development The aircraft was designed in response to a Polish Air Force requirement for a modern piston-engined trainer with a retractable tricycle landing gear to replace Junak 3 and Yak-11 aircraft. The main designer was Tadeusz Sołtyk – hence the designation letters TS. The plane was named Bies – a folk name for the devil. Work started in 1953 and the first prototype was flown on July 23, 1955. In 1956 and 1957 it beat three international records in its class. The second prototype was shown at the Paris Air Show in 1957. In 1957 the first experimental series of 10 aircraft was produced by WSK-Okecie (designated as TS-8 BI). A slightly improved main variant, designated as the TS-8 BII, was produced from 1958 to 1960 by WSK Mielec. The last 10 machines, TS-8 BIII, were built with better avionics, in total 251 TS-8 were produced of which 229 were the TS-8 BII variant. The TS-8 had good handling and performance; a noisy engine being one of its few flaws. It was the first really modern aircraft designed in Poland after the war, that also used a Polish engine. Design The TS-8 was an all-metal low-wing cantilever monoplane, with metal-covered semi-monocoque fuselage, oval in cross-section. The three-part single-spar wing, of semi-monocoque design, creating a transverse inverted gull wing "W" shape. It had a Tricycle retractable landing gear, and a 7-cylinder WN-3 radial engine in front, delivering 330 hp take-off power and 283 hp normal power to a 2.2 m diameter two-blade variable pitch wooden propeller. The crew of two, sat in a tandem enclosed cockpit, with twin controls, the student in front with the instructor in the rear. Canopy sections above the crewmen slid rearwards. The plane had no armament, except for the experimental series TS-8 BI, which had one 12.7mm machine gun and two small bomb pylons. Operational history The TS-8s began to be withdrawn from Polish Air Force service in the mid-1960s, being replaced by PZL TS-11 Iskra jet trainers. Over 100 withdrawn aircraft were handed over to the civilian aviation (aero clubs). Most TS-8s were finally withdrawn from civilian aviation by 1978, with three currently remaining airworthy. Two TS-8s were used by Indonesia. Variants TS-8 Bies TS-8 BII at the Polish Aviation Museum TS-8 3 prototypes. TS-8 BI First experimental series, 10 built. TS-8 BII Improved TS-8 BI. Main production version, 229 built. TS-8 BIII Version equipped with better avionics, 10 built. Operators TS-8 Bies  Indonesia Indonesian Air Force received two aircraft which were based in Bandung.  Poland Polish Air Force Polish Navy Aeroklub Polski Private Operator: Single TS-8 S/N 1E-1004, F-AYTS, from 2018 to 2021 France, Bordeaux (LFCS). Specifications Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1961–62General characteristics Crew: Two (student & instructor) Length: 8.50 m (27 ft 11 in) Wingspan: 10.50 m (34 ft 5 in) Height: 3.0 m (9 ft 10 in) Wing area: 19.10 m2 (205.6 sq ft) Aspect ratio: 7.38:1 Airfoil: NACA 23012 Empty weight: 1,070 kg (2,359 lb) Gross weight: 1,550 kg (3,417 lb) Max takeoff weight: 1,600 kg (3,527 lb) Fuel capacity: 215 L (56.8 US gal; 47.3 imp gal) in three fuselage tanks, with optional under-wing tanks Powerplant: 1 × Narkiewicz WN-3 7-cylinder radial engine, 240 kW (320 hp) ,rated power at 2350 rpm 250 kW (340 hp) maximum emergency power at 2500 rpm Propellers: 2-bladed W.R.1 constant-speed propeller, 2.20 m (7 ft 3 in) diameter Performance Maximum speed: 312 km/h (194 mph, 168 kn) Cruise speed: 270 km/h (170 mph, 150 kn) Range: 800 km (500 mi, 430 nmi) Service ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft) Rate of climb: 6.8 m/s (1,340 ft/min) Armament Bombs: underwing racks for up to 200 kg (440 lb) of practice bombs See also Poland portalAviation portal Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Beechcraft T-34 Mentor Nanchang CJ-6 Yakovlev Yak-11 Yakovlev Yak-18 Yakovlev Yak-52 References ^ World records of height 7084.5 m in C-Ic class (weight 1000–1750 kg), distance in a closed circuit 2884.5 km in C-Id class (weight 1750–3000 kg), speed 317 km/h in a closed circuit 2000 km in C-Ic class ^ Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1961–62. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1961. pp. 121–122. ^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019. External links Media related to PZL TS-8 at Wikimedia Commons vtePZL aircraftPZL - up to 1939(Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze)PZL: P.1 Ł.2 PZL.3 PZL.4 PZL.5 P.6 P.7 P.8 P.9 P.11 PZL.12 (PZL-H) PZL.16 PZL.19 PZL.23 Karaś P.24 PZL.26 PZL.27 PZL.30 Żubr PZL.37 Łoś PZL.38 Wilk PZL.39 PZL.42 PZL.43 PZL.44 Wicher PZL.45 Sokół PZL.46 Sum PZL.48 Lampart PZL.49 Miś PZL.50 Jastrząb PZL.53 Jastrząb II PZL.54 Ryś PZL.55 PZL.56 Kania CSS / WSK-Okęcie / PZL Warszawa-OkęciePZL: TS-16 Grot PZL-101 Gawron PZL-102 Kos PZL-104 Wilga PZL-105 Flaming PZL-106 Kruk PZL-107 PZL-110 Koliber PZL-111 Koliber PZL-112 Junior PZL-126 Mrówka PZL-130 Orlik PZL-230 Skorpion Other: WSK Junak CSS-10 CSS-11 CSS-12 CSS-13 PZL Jak-12 MD-12 WSK-Mielec / WSK PZL-Mielec / PZL Mielec (Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze)PZL: M-2 M-3 M-4 M-15 M-17 M-18 M-20 M-21 M-24 M-25 M-26 M-28 I-22 Other: LWD Szpak CSS-13 TS-8 Bies TS-11 Iskra An-2 Lim-1 Lim-2 Lim-5 Lim-6 WSK-Świdnik / WSK PZL-Świdnik / PZL-ŚwidnikPZL: SM-1 SM-2 SM-4 Kania W-3 SW-4 Other: Mi-2 SZD-30 PW-5 PW-6 WSK PZL-Krosno KR-03 Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny / PZL Bielsko-Biała / Allstar PZL Glider SZD-C SZD-6 SZD-7 SZD-8 SZD-9 SZD-10 SZD-11 SZD-12 SZD-13 SZD-14 SZD-15 SZD-16 SZD-17 SZD-18 SZD-19 SZD-20 SZD-21 SZD-22 SZD-23 SZD-24 SZD-25 SZD-26 SZD-27 SZD-28 SZD-29 SZD-30 SZD-31 SZD-32 SZD-33 SZD-34 SZD-35 SZD-36 SZD-37 SZD-38 SZD-39 SZD-40 SZD-41 SZD-42 SZD-43 SZD-45 SZD-48 SZD-49 SZD-50 SZD-51 SZD-52 SZD-54 SZD-55 SZD-56 SZD-59 S-1 S-3 Kania S-4 Kania 2 Authority control databases: National Israel United States
[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"PZL TS-8 Bies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"tricycle landing gear","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricycle_landing_gear"},{"link_name":"Junak 3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TS-9_Junak_3"},{"link_name":"Yak-11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yak-11"},{"link_name":"Tadeusz Sołtyk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz_So%C5%82tyk"},{"link_name":"devil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devil"},{"link_name":"1953","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_in_aviation"},{"link_name":"1956","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_in_aviation"},{"link_name":"1957","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_in_aviation"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Paris Air Show","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Air_Show"},{"link_name":"1957","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_in_aviation"},{"link_name":"WSK-Okecie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwowe_Zak%C5%82ady_Lotnicze"},{"link_name":"WSK Mielec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PZL-Mielec"}],"text":"The aircraft was designed in response to a Polish Air Force requirement for a modern piston-engined trainer with a retractable tricycle landing gear to replace Junak 3 and Yak-11 aircraft. The main designer was Tadeusz Sołtyk – hence the designation letters TS. The plane was named Bies – a folk name for the devil. Work started in 1953 and the first prototype was flown on July 23, 1955. In 1956 and 1957 it beat three international records in its class.[1] The second prototype was shown at the Paris Air Show in 1957.In 1957 the first experimental series of 10 aircraft was produced by WSK-Okecie (designated as TS-8 BI). A slightly improved main variant, designated as the TS-8 BII, was produced from 1958 to 1960 by WSK Mielec. The last 10 machines, TS-8 BIII, were built with better avionics, in total 251 TS-8 were produced of which 229 were the TS-8 BII variant.The TS-8 had good handling and performance; a noisy engine being one of its few flaws. It was the first really modern aircraft designed in Poland after the war, that also used a Polish engine.","title":"Development"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"monoplane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoplane"},{"link_name":"semi-monocoque","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-monocoque"},{"link_name":"inverted gull wing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gull_wing#Inverted_gull_wing"},{"link_name":"Tricycle retractable landing gear","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricycle_landing_gear"},{"link_name":"radial engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_engine"},{"link_name":"cockpit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockpit"}],"text":"The TS-8 was an all-metal low-wing cantilever monoplane, with metal-covered semi-monocoque fuselage, oval in cross-section. The three-part single-spar wing, of semi-monocoque design, creating a transverse inverted gull wing \"W\" shape. It had a Tricycle retractable landing gear, and a 7-cylinder WN-3 radial engine in front, delivering 330 hp take-off power and 283 hp normal power to a 2.2 m diameter two-blade variable pitch wooden propeller.The crew of two, sat in a tandem enclosed cockpit, with twin controls, the student in front with the instructor in the rear. Canopy sections above the crewmen slid rearwards.The plane had no armament, except for the experimental series TS-8 BI, which had one 12.7mm machine gun and two small bomb pylons.","title":"Design"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"PZL TS-11 Iskra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PZL_TS-11_Iskra"},{"link_name":"aero clubs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Aero_Club"},{"link_name":"1978","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_in_aviation"},{"link_name":"Indonesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia"}],"text":"The TS-8s began to be withdrawn from Polish Air Force service in the mid-1960s, being replaced by PZL TS-11 Iskra jet trainers. Over 100 withdrawn aircraft were handed over to the civilian aviation (aero clubs). Most TS-8s were finally withdrawn from civilian aviation by 1978, with three currently remaining airworthy. Two TS-8s were used by Indonesia.","title":"Operational history"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TS-8_Bies_RB.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TS-8_Bies_Cracow.jpg"},{"link_name":"Polish Aviation Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Aviation_Museum"}],"text":"TS-8 BiesTS-8 BII at the Polish Aviation MuseumTS-8\n3 prototypes.\nTS-8 BI\nFirst experimental series, 10 built.\nTS-8 BII\nImproved TS-8 BI. Main production version, 229 built.\nTS-8 BIII\nVersion equipped with better avionics, 10 built.","title":"Variants"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PZL_TS-8_Bies.jpg"},{"link_name":"Indonesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia"},{"link_name":"Indonesian Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Bandung","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung"},{"link_name":"Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"Polish Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Polish Navy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Navy"},{"link_name":"Aeroklub Polski","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroklub_Polski"},{"link_name":"Private Operator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Private_Operator&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"TS-8 BiesIndonesiaIndonesian Air Force received two aircraft which were based in Bandung.PolandPolish Air Force\nPolish Navy\nAeroklub Polski\nPrivate Operator: Single TS-8 S/N 1E-1004, F-AYTS, from 2018 to 2021 France, Bordeaux (LFCS).","title":"Operators"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-JAWA61_p121-2-2"},{"link_name":"Aspect ratio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(aeronautics)"},{"link_name":"Airfoil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfoil"},{"link_name":"NACA 23012","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NACA_airfoil"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Selig-3"},{"link_name":"Narkiewicz WN-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narkiewicz_WN-3"},{"link_name":"radial engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_engine"}],"text":"Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1961–62[2]General characteristicsCrew: Two (student & instructor)\nLength: 8.50 m (27 ft 11 in)\nWingspan: 10.50 m (34 ft 5 in)\nHeight: 3.0 m (9 ft 10 in)\nWing area: 19.10 m2 (205.6 sq ft)\nAspect ratio: 7.38:1\nAirfoil: NACA 23012[3]\nEmpty weight: 1,070 kg (2,359 lb)\nGross weight: 1,550 kg (3,417 lb)\nMax takeoff weight: 1,600 kg (3,527 lb)\nFuel capacity: 215 L (56.8 US gal; 47.3 imp gal) in three fuselage tanks, with optional under-wing tanks\nPowerplant: 1 × Narkiewicz WN-3 7-cylinder radial engine, 240 kW (320 hp) ,rated power at 2350 rpm250 kW (340 hp) maximum emergency power at 2500 rpmPropellers: 2-bladed W.R.1 constant-speed propeller, 2.20 m (7 ft 3 in) diameterPerformanceMaximum speed: 312 km/h (194 mph, 168 kn)\nCruise speed: 270 km/h (170 mph, 150 kn)\nRange: 800 km (500 mi, 430 nmi)\nService ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft)\nRate of climb: 6.8 m/s (1,340 ft/min)ArmamentBombs: underwing racks for up to 200 kg (440 lb) of practice bombs","title":"Specifications"}]
[{"image_text":"TS-8 Bies","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/TS-8_Bies_RB.jpg/220px-TS-8_Bies_RB.jpg"},{"image_text":"TS-8 BII at the Polish Aviation Museum","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/TS-8_Bies_Cracow.jpg/220px-TS-8_Bies_Cracow.jpg"},{"image_text":"TS-8 Bies","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/PZL_TS-8_Bies.jpg/220px-PZL_TS-8_Bies.jpg"}]
[{"title":"Poland portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Poland"},{"title":"Aviation portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Aviation"},{"title":"Beechcraft T-34 Mentor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechcraft_T-34_Mentor"},{"title":"Nanchang CJ-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanchang_CJ-6"},{"title":"Yakovlev Yak-11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-11"},{"title":"Yakovlev Yak-18","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-18"},{"title":"Yakovlev Yak-52","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-52"}]
[{"reference":"Lednicer, David. \"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage\". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html","url_text":"\"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage\""}]}]
[{"Link":"https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html","external_links_name":"\"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage\""},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553512505171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85138306","external_links_name":"United States"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A5lk_Island
Dålk Island
["1 See also","2 References"]
Coordinates: 69°23′S 76°30′E / 69.383°S 76.500°E / -69.383; 76.500Coastal island of Antarctica Dålk IslandDålk IslandLocation in AntarcticaGeographyLocationAntarcticaCoordinates69°23′S 76°30′E / 69.383°S 76.500°E / -69.383; 76.500AdministrationAdministered under the Antarctic Treaty SystemDemographicsPopulationUninhabited Dålk Island is a small coastal island lying at the terminus of Dålk Glacier, in the southeast part of Prydz Bay. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37) and named Dålkoy. See also List of antarctic and sub-antarctic islands References  This article incorporates public domain material from "Dålk Island". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. This Princess Elizabeth Land location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dålk Glacier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A5lk_Glacier"},{"link_name":"Prydz Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prydz_Bay"},{"link_name":"Lars Christensen Expedition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_Christensen_Expedition"}],"text":"Coastal island of AntarcticaDålk Island is a small coastal island lying at the terminus of Dålk Glacier, in the southeast part of Prydz Bay. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37) and named Dålkoy.","title":"Dålk Island"}]
[]
[{"title":"List of antarctic and sub-antarctic islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_antarctic_and_sub-antarctic_islands"}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=D%C3%A5lk_Island&params=69_23_S_76_30_E_source:GNIS_type:isle","external_links_name":"69°23′S 76°30′E / 69.383°S 76.500°E / -69.383; 76.500"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=D%C3%A5lk_Island&params=69_23_S_76_30_E_source:GNIS_type:isle","external_links_name":"69°23′S 76°30′E / 69.383°S 76.500°E / -69.383; 76.500"},{"Link":"https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits","external_links_name":"public domain material"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/2020/https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:5:::NO::P5_ANTAR_ID:3465","external_links_name":"\"Dålk Island\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A5lk_Island&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauri_Impi%C3%B6
Lauri Impiö
["1 References"]
Lauri Impiö Lauri Johannes Impiö (8 September 1929, in Ranua – 28 January 2006) was a Finnish Lutheran clergyman and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1975 to 1987, representing the National Coalition Party. References ^ "Eduskunta - kansanedustajat". Eduskunta.fi. Retrieved 8 October 2014. Authority control databases International ISNI National Finland
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ranua","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranua"},{"link_name":"Finnish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"},{"link_name":"Lutheran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism"},{"link_name":"politician","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politician"},{"link_name":"Parliament of Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland"},{"link_name":"National Coalition Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Coalition_Party"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Lauri Johannes Impiö (8 September 1929, in Ranua – 28 January 2006) was a Finnish Lutheran clergyman and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1975 to 1987, representing the National Coalition Party.[1]","title":"Lauri Impiö"}]
[{"image_text":"Lauri Impiö","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Lauri_Impi%C3%B6.jpg/220px-Lauri_Impi%C3%B6.jpg"}]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Romania
LGBT history in Romania
["1 Middle Ages","2 Modern era","3 Under communist regime","4 Present-day evolutions","5 See also","6 References"]
Homosexual acts in Romania were decriminalized on September 6, 2001. Middle Ages As with much of Europe during the time, the Romanian Middle Ages were largely characterized by hard labor and poverty brought about by classism; these issues played-into wider problems of societal regression, repression and oppression, with the exception of the elites. Due to the hard living of the time, morality was held in extremely high regard, with Christianization (by Saint Andrew in Dobruja) as well as the geographical location of the country (roughly “east meets west”) having had a large impact on local religious fervor. Political troubles and warfare with the Ottoman Empire fueled rampant Islamophobia and amplified the general population’s sense of bigotry, especially towards non-Christians or those accused of “non-Christian behaviors”. There is evidence of harsh punishments for those caught-in or accused of homosexuality—although typically only for poor citizens. The nobility could freely engage in any and all sexual desires, though not always completely discreetly nor to the complete approval of their fellow elites. Sex and sexuality, as a general rule, was largely discouraged and frowned upon in medieval Europe, unless procreation was the ultimate goal. Nonetheless, evidence of homosexuality and LGBT individuals during the Romanian Middle Ages can be found in Dan Horia Mazilu's book, Voievodul, dincolo de sala tronului: Radu was raped at Adrianople (present-day Edirne), at the court of sultan Murad II. The sobriquet of Radu, Vlad the Impaler's brother (the Handsome, the Beautiful), results from effeminate traits and behavior of the prince. Iliaș Rareș would have converted to Islam to get sexual favors. His bisexual behavior is also mentioned by historian Dan Horia Matei, having as source the chronicle of Grigore Ureche. Mihnea Turcitul is the alleged lover of Koca Sinan Pasha. Alexandru Iliaș would have resorted to prostitutes, the best known being a Greek homosexual, Batiste Veveli, fact also mentioned by Miron Costin in his chronicle. Modern era 1864 – The Penal Code promulgated by Alexandru Ioan Cuza, inspired by the French model, does not stipulate any punishment for homosexual acts. At the end of the 19th century, the Penal Code in Transylvania, in force since 1878, punished only the homosexual rape, stipulated in Article 242. 1929 – Pamfil Șeicaru names writer Panait Istrati "poor poet of deflowered arses". Istrati is the first Romanian author to write a novel – Chira Chiralina – in which a character is homosexual. 1933 – Writer Geo Bogza is imprisoned for a short time in Văcărești penitentiary for indecent behavior. Bogza just published the volume of poetry Poemul invectivă. One of his creations is about a pederast. Nicolae Ceaușescu was also imprisoned in Doftana, in the 1930s, for communist agitation. After the Revolution, there were allusive discussions about homosexual relationships that young Ceaușescu had maintained at Doftana with his colleagues of detention. 1936 – The Penal Code of Carol II passes in unlawfulness the consented homosexual relationship. Article 431 provides imprisonment for "acts of sexual inversion" when provoking public scandal. Thus, any act of sexual inversion brought to public knowledge could be punished with imprisonment from six months to two years. Under communist regime 1947 – The penalty for sexual inversion increases once with the installation of the communist regime. Thus, the mildest sentence was imprisonment for two years. 1957 – The Penal Code is amended again, pederasts being liable to imprisonment from three to ten years. 1968 – Homosexuality emerges as a linguistic term in the new Penal Code. Ideologically, homosexuality was unproductive for the Communists, who needed heroine mothers and an ascending demographic trend. The Grand National Assembly elaborates a completely revised version of the Penal Code, and sexual acts between persons of the same sex are considered crimes against the person and punished by Article 200: "sexual relations between persons of the same sex shall be punished with imprisonment from one to five years". 1977 – Ion Negoițescu, open homosexual, writes to anti-communist dissident Paul Goma, in sign of solidarity. Securitate prefers to rake in Negoițescu's intimate past than to arrest him for assault on national security, which would have blamed Romania internationally. Young writer Petru Romoșanu, wherewith Negoițescu would have homosexual relationships, is forced by Securitate to denounce as homosexual Negoițescu and other writers. Negoițescu has a suicide attempt with a dose of medication. Negoițescu and other gay writers escaped condemnation by the intervention of writer Ștefan Augustin Doinaș, deconspired after 1990s as Securitate collaborator. 1981–85 – "Morals" department of Bucharest Militia conducted an extensive investigation in this period. 54 gay Bucharesters should have been tried and convicted. But the case was stopped by Suzana Gâdea, Minister of Culture in those years, whereas among defendants appeared many artists and even officials of the Central Committee. Present-day evolutions Mariana Cetiner 1993 Ciprian Cucu (17) and Marian Mutașcu (22), two open homosexuals from Timișoara, were referred to the Police by Cucu's older sister. The two were arrested in January 1993. According to Cucu, "I was the first one to be interrogated. The investigators called me a 'whore' repeatedly...". On 9 June, both were convicted; Mutașcu received two years imprisonment, and Cucu one year. Largely due to intensive pressure from the international community, these sentences were suspended. In May 1995, Mutașcu committed suicide, due to public jesting. 1995 – Mariana Cetiner (b. 1957) was arrested for allegedly trying to persuade another woman (Adina Vana) to have sexual intercourse with her. She spent three years in prison until was pardoned by President Emil Constantinescu at the insistence of Amnesty International. She was the last Romanian citizen to be imprisoned under Article 200. 25 October 1996 – The ACCEPT organization, is founded - the first body in Romania which campaigned for LGBT rights. 2001 – The government adopts an emergency ordinance which repeals Article 200 of the Penal Code, in order to eliminate any discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation. The abrogation of the article was one of the conditions of EU accession. 2004 – ACCEPT organizes the first gay festival in Romania, under the title "Festival of Diversity", event that included a gay film festival, an exhibition of posters and photographs, book launches and public debates. 2005 – During the GayFest Bucharest takes place the first Romanian gay pride parade, historic event for the LGBT movement in Romania. See also LGBT rights in Romania References ^ Norris, Sian (2017). "How Romania became a battleground in the transatlantic backlash against LGBT rights". Open Democracy. Retrieved 21 October 2022. ^ Dan Horia Mazilu (2003). Voievodul dincolo de sala tronului. Hors Collection. ISBN 973-681-147-6. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2016. ^ Codul Penal 1 Maiu 1865 cu modificările din 1874, 1882, 1893, 1894, 1895—Textul Codului Penal și Procedurii Penale. Bucharest: Librăria Nouă. 1908. ^ "Codul Penal din 1864". Lege5 Online. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2016. ^ Mădălina Kadar (2 February 2015). "Homosexualitatea: o istorie de secole, plină de controverse". Transilvania Reporter. ^ a b c "Homosexualitatea în România: de la "Mandruli pederastu", la corecții fizice și suicid de rușine". Adevărul. 20 April 2013. ^ "Ceauşescu a fost acuzat de relaţii homosexuale. Dej a condus ancheta". Historia. ^ "Codul Penal din 1968". Lege5 Online. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2016. ^ Public Scandals: Sexual Orientation and Criminal Law in Romania. Human Rights Watch. 1998. p. 55. ISBN 1-56432-178-9. mariana cetiner. ^ Dorin Timonea (29 November 2013). "Cazul cutremurător al Marianei Cetiner, ultima femeie condamnată în România pentru lesbianism". Adevărul. ^ "Istoric". ACCEPT. ^ Vlad Levente Viski (16 April 2015). "Minoritățile sexuale în România. Atitudini sociale, strategii, realități". 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[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"LGBT history in Romania"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Middle Ages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages"},{"link_name":"poverty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty"},{"link_name":"classism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classism"},{"link_name":"morality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morality"},{"link_name":"Christianization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianization"},{"link_name":"Saint Andrew","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Andrew"},{"link_name":"Dobruja","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobruja"},{"link_name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire"},{"link_name":"Islamophobia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamophobia"},{"link_name":"bigotry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigotry"},{"link_name":"procreation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procreation"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Radu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radu_cel_Frumos"},{"link_name":"Adrianople","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrianople"},{"link_name":"Edirne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edirne"},{"link_name":"Murad II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II"},{"link_name":"Iliaș Rareș","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilie_II_Rare%C8%99"},{"link_name":"Islam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam"},{"link_name":"Grigore Ureche","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigore_Ureche"},{"link_name":"Mihnea Turcitul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihnea_Turcitul"},{"link_name":"Koca Sinan Pasha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koca_Sinan_Pasha"},{"link_name":"Miron Costin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Costin"}],"text":"As with much of Europe during the time, the Romanian Middle Ages were largely characterized by hard labor and poverty brought about by classism; these issues played-into wider problems of societal regression, repression and oppression, with the exception of the elites. Due to the hard living of the time, morality was held in extremely high regard, with Christianization (by Saint Andrew in Dobruja) as well as the geographical location of the country (roughly “east meets west”) having had a large impact on local religious fervor. Political troubles and warfare with the Ottoman Empire fueled rampant Islamophobia and amplified the general population’s sense of bigotry, especially towards non-Christians or those accused of “non-Christian behaviors”. There is evidence of harsh punishments for those caught-in or accused of homosexuality—although typically only for poor citizens. The nobility could freely engage in any and all sexual desires, though not always completely discreetly nor to the complete approval of their fellow elites. Sex and sexuality, as a general rule, was largely discouraged and frowned upon in medieval Europe, unless procreation was the ultimate goal. Nonetheless, evidence of homosexuality and LGBT individuals during the Romanian Middle Ages can be found in Dan Horia Mazilu's book, Voievodul, dincolo de sala tronului:[2]Radu was raped at Adrianople (present-day Edirne), at the court of sultan Murad II.\nThe sobriquet of Radu, Vlad the Impaler's brother (the Handsome, the Beautiful), results from effeminate traits and behavior of the prince.\nIliaș Rareș would have converted to Islam to get sexual favors. His bisexual behavior is also mentioned by historian Dan Horia Matei, having as source the chronicle of Grigore Ureche.\nMihnea Turcitul is the alleged lover of Koca Sinan Pasha.\nAlexandru Iliaș would have resorted to prostitutes, the best known being a Greek homosexual, Batiste Veveli, fact also mentioned by Miron Costin in his chronicle.","title":"Middle Ages"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Penal Code","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_Code_of_Romania"},{"link_name":"Alexandru Ioan Cuza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"French model","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Penal_Code_of_1810"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Transylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transylvania"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Panait Istrati","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panait_Istrati"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-adevarul-6"},{"link_name":"Geo Bogza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo_Bogza"},{"link_name":"Văcărești","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C8%99ti,_Bucharest"},{"link_name":"pederast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pederast"},{"link_name":"Nicolae Ceaușescu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu"},{"link_name":"Revolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Revolution"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-historia-7"},{"link_name":"Carol II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-adevarul-6"}],"text":"1864 – The Penal Code promulgated by Alexandru Ioan Cuza,[3] inspired by the French model, does not stipulate any punishment for homosexual acts.[4] At the end of the 19th century, the Penal Code in Transylvania, in force since 1878, punished only the homosexual rape,[5] stipulated in Article 242.\n1929 – Pamfil Șeicaru names writer Panait Istrati \"poor poet of deflowered arses\". Istrati is the first Romanian author to write a novel – Chira Chiralina – in which a character is homosexual.[6]\n1933 – Writer Geo Bogza is imprisoned for a short time in Văcărești penitentiary for indecent behavior. Bogza just published the volume of poetry Poemul invectivă. One of his creations is about a pederast. Nicolae Ceaușescu was also imprisoned in Doftana, in the 1930s, for communist agitation. After the Revolution, there were allusive discussions about homosexual relationships that young Ceaușescu had maintained at Doftana with his colleagues of detention.[7]\n1936 – The Penal Code of Carol II passes in unlawfulness the consented homosexual relationship. Article 431 provides imprisonment for \"acts of sexual inversion\" when provoking public scandal. Thus, any act of sexual inversion brought to public knowledge could be punished with imprisonment from six months to two years.[6]","title":"Modern era"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"communist regime","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Romania"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Ion Negoițescu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Negoi%C8%9Bescu"},{"link_name":"Paul Goma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Goma"},{"link_name":"Securitate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securitate"},{"link_name":"Ștefan Augustin Doinaș","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Augustin_Doina%C8%99"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-adevarul-6"}],"text":"1947 – The penalty for sexual inversion increases once with the installation of the communist regime. Thus, the mildest sentence was imprisonment for two years.\n1957 – The Penal Code is amended again, pederasts being liable to imprisonment from three to ten years.\n1968 – Homosexuality emerges as a linguistic term in the new Penal Code. Ideologically, homosexuality was unproductive for the Communists, who needed heroine mothers and an ascending demographic trend. The Grand National Assembly elaborates a completely revised version of the Penal Code, and sexual acts between persons of the same sex are considered crimes against the person and punished by Article 200: \"sexual relations between persons of the same sex shall be punished with imprisonment from one to five years\".[8]\n1977 – Ion Negoițescu, open homosexual, writes to anti-communist dissident Paul Goma, in sign of solidarity. Securitate prefers to rake in Negoițescu's intimate past than to arrest him for assault on national security, which would have blamed Romania internationally. Young writer Petru Romoșanu, wherewith Negoițescu would have homosexual relationships, is forced by Securitate to denounce as homosexual Negoițescu and other writers. Negoițescu has a suicide attempt with a dose of medication. Negoițescu and other gay writers escaped condemnation by the intervention of writer Ștefan Augustin Doinaș, deconspired after 1990s as Securitate collaborator.\n1981–85 – \"Morals\" department of Bucharest Militia conducted an extensive investigation in this period. 54 gay Bucharesters should have been tried and convicted. But the case was stopped by Suzana Gâdea, Minister of Culture in those years, whereas among defendants appeared many artists and even officials of the Central Committee.[6]","title":"Under communist regime"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mariana_Cetiner_Amnesty.jpg"},{"link_name":"Timișoara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Emil Constantinescu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Constantinescu"},{"link_name":"Amnesty International","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty_International"},{"link_name":"ACCEPT organization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accept_(organization)"},{"link_name":"LGBT rights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"GayFest Bucharest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest_Pride"},{"link_name":"gay pride parade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_pride_parade"}],"text":"Mariana Cetiner1993\nCiprian Cucu (17) and Marian Mutașcu (22), two open homosexuals from Timișoara, were referred to the Police by Cucu's older sister. The two were arrested in January 1993. According to Cucu, \"I was the first one to be interrogated. The investigators called me a 'whore' repeatedly...\".[9] On 9 June, both were convicted; Mutașcu received two years imprisonment, and Cucu one year. Largely due to intensive pressure from the international community, these sentences were suspended. In May 1995, Mutașcu committed suicide, due to public jesting.\n1995 – Mariana Cetiner (b. 1957) was arrested for allegedly trying to persuade another woman (Adina Vana) to have sexual intercourse with her.[10] She spent three years in prison until was pardoned by President Emil Constantinescu at the insistence of Amnesty International. She was the last Romanian citizen to be imprisoned under Article 200.\n25 October 1996 – The ACCEPT organization, is founded - the first body in Romania which campaigned for LGBT rights.[11]\n2001 – The government adopts an emergency ordinance which repeals Article 200 of the Penal Code, in order to eliminate any discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation. The abrogation of the article was one of the conditions of EU accession.[12]\n2004 – ACCEPT organizes the first gay festival in Romania, under the title \"Festival of Diversity\", event that included a gay film festival, an exhibition of posters and photographs, book launches and public debates.\n2005 – During the GayFest Bucharest takes place the first Romanian gay pride parade, historic event for the LGBT movement in Romania.","title":"Present-day evolutions"}]
[{"image_text":"Mariana Cetiner","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Mariana_Cetiner_Amnesty.jpg/150px-Mariana_Cetiner_Amnesty.jpg"}]
[{"title":"LGBT rights in Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Romania"}]
[{"reference":"Norris, Sian (2017). \"How Romania became a battleground in the transatlantic backlash against LGBT rights\". Open Democracy. Retrieved 21 October 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/romania-battleground-backlash-lgbt-rights/","url_text":"\"How Romania became a battleground in the transatlantic backlash against LGBT rights\""}]},{"reference":"Dan Horia Mazilu (2003). Voievodul dincolo de sala tronului. Hors Collection. ISBN 973-681-147-6. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140413090853/http://www.polirom.ro/catalog/carte/voievodul-dincolo-de-sala-tronului-1257/","url_text":"Voievodul dincolo de sala tronului"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-681-147-6","url_text":"973-681-147-6"},{"url":"http://www.polirom.ro/catalog/carte/voievodul-dincolo-de-sala-tronului-1257/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Codul Penal 1 Maiu 1865 cu modificările din 1874, 1882, 1893, 1894, 1895—Textul Codului Penal și Procedurii Penale. Bucharest: Librăria Nouă. 1908.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Codul Penal din 1864\". Lege5 Online. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160616030447/http://lege5.ro/Gratuit/g42tamju/codul-penal-din-1864","url_text":"\"Codul Penal din 1864\""},{"url":"http://lege5.ro/Gratuit/g42tamju/codul-penal-din-1864","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Mădălina Kadar (2 February 2015). \"Homosexualitatea: o istorie de secole, plină de controverse\". Transilvania Reporter.","urls":[{"url":"http://transilvaniareporter.ro/reportaj/homosexualitatea-o-istorie-de-secole-plina-de-controverse/","url_text":"\"Homosexualitatea: o istorie de secole, plină de controverse\""}]},{"reference":"\"Homosexualitatea în România: de la \"Mandruli pederastu\", la corecții fizice și suicid de rușine\". Adevărul. 20 April 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://adevarul.ro/news/societate/homosexualitatea-romania-mandruli-pederastu-corectii-fizice-suicid-rusine-1_517298d5053c7dd83f2af75c/index.html","url_text":"\"Homosexualitatea în România: de la \"Mandruli pederastu\", la corecții fizice și suicid de rușine\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ceauşescu a fost acuzat de relaţii homosexuale. Dej a condus ancheta\". Historia.","urls":[{"url":"https://historia.ro/sectiune/general/ceausescu-a-fost-acuzat-de-relatii-homosexuale-584922.html","url_text":"\"Ceauşescu a fost acuzat de relaţii homosexuale. Dej a condus ancheta\""}]},{"reference":"\"Codul Penal din 1968\". Lege5 Online. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161107131522/http://lege5.ro/Gratuit/he2demzw/codul-penal-din-1968","url_text":"\"Codul Penal din 1968\""},{"url":"http://lege5.ro/Gratuit/he2demzw/codul-penal-din-1968","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Public Scandals: Sexual Orientation and Criminal Law in Romania. Human Rights Watch. 1998. p. 55. ISBN 1-56432-178-9. mariana cetiner.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/publicscandalscr00huma","url_text":"Public Scandals: Sexual Orientation and Criminal Law in Romania"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/publicscandalscr00huma/page/55","url_text":"55"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56432-178-9","url_text":"1-56432-178-9"}]},{"reference":"Dorin Timonea (29 November 2013). \"Cazul cutremurător al Marianei Cetiner, ultima femeie condamnată în România pentru lesbianism\". Adevărul.","urls":[{"url":"http://adevarul.ro/locale/alba-iulia/cazul-cutremurator-marianei-cetiner-ultima-femeie-condamnata-romania-lesbianism-1_52985487c7b855ff5651fd65/index.html","url_text":"\"Cazul cutremurător al Marianei Cetiner, ultima femeie condamnată în România pentru lesbianism\""}]},{"reference":"\"Istoric\". ACCEPT.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.acceptromania.ro/desprenoi/istoric/","url_text":"\"Istoric\""}]},{"reference":"Vlad Levente Viski (16 April 2015). \"Minoritățile sexuale în România. Atitudini sociale, strategii, realități\". CriticAtac.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.criticatac.ro/27669/minoritile-sexuale-romania-atitudini-sociale-strategii-realiti/","url_text":"\"Minoritățile sexuale în România. Atitudini sociale, strategii, realități\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudola
Oudola
["1 See also","2 References"]
OudolaSmyrna Trio (R-L) Dimitrios Semsis, Agapios Tomboulis(Oudola), Roza Eskenazi (Athens, 1932)Classification Plucked string instrument Necked bowl lutes String instruments Related instruments Cümbüş Banjo Ahenk Turkish tambur The Oudola is a stringed musical instrument. It is said to have been custom-built for Agapios Tomboulis, according to his own specifications. He combined the words oud and mandola, and named it oudola. See also Bouzouki Pandura Tambouras Cretan lyra Tzouras External videos Ταμπούρ Αγάπιου Τομπούλη - κατασκευή 2014 Agapios Tomboulis oud-tambur Trixordo Andreas Papadamou - tambur -Ανδρέας Παπαδάμου Ταμπούρ References ^ "http://www.recordingpioneers.com:oudola" (PDF). Retrieved 18 February 2017. vteGreek musical instrumentsAncientString Pandura Lyre Barbiton Chelys Kithara Phorminx Harp Epigonion Magadis Sambuca Trigonon Wind Aulos Pan flute Salpinx Percussion Cochilia Crotalum Water organ Sistrum Medieval Byzantine lyra Organon ModernStringBowed Cretan lyra Pontic lyra Politiki lyra Macedonian lyra Calabrian lira Plucked Bouzouki Guitar Laouto Mandola Mandolin Oudola Psaltery Tambouras Thaboura Struck Santouri Wind Askomandoura Gaida Tsampouna Floghera Karamuza Lalitsa Mantura Souravli PercussionMembranophones Tambourine Toubeleki Tympano Idiophones Koudounia Stamna Trigono Zilia See also Music of Greece Greek folk music Byzantine music Nisiotika Greek dances
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[]
[{"title":"Bouzouki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouzouki"},{"title":"Pandura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandura"},{"title":"Tambouras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambouras"},{"title":"Cretan lyra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretan_lyra"},{"title":"Tzouras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzouras"}]
[{"reference":"\"http://www.recordingpioneers.com:oudola\" (PDF). Retrieved 18 February 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.recordingpioneers.com/docs/grurks/ODDoudolas.pdf","url_text":"\"http://www.recordingpioneers.com:oudola\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Magley
Dave Magley
["1 Commissioner of the NBL Canada","2 References"]
American basketball player and coach Dave MagleyPersonal informationBorn (1959-11-24) November 24, 1959 (age 64)South Bend, Indiana, U.S.Listed height6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)Listed weight202 lb (92 kg)Career informationHigh schoolLaSalle (South Bend, Indiana)CollegeKansas (1978–1982)NBA draft1982: 2nd round, 28th overall pickSelected by the Cleveland CavaliersPlaying career1982–1986PositionSmall forwardNumber30Coaching career2002–2015Career historyAs player:1982–1983Wyoming Wildcatters1982–1983Cleveland Cavaliers1983–1984Albany Patroons1985–1986Tampa Bay ThrillersAs coach:2002–2013Bradenton Christian School2013–2015Brampton A's Career highlights and awards First-team All-Big Eight (1982) Fourth-team Parade All-American (1978) Indiana Mr. Basketball (1978) Stats  at NBA.comStats  at Basketball-Reference.com David John Magley (born November 24, 1959) is a retired American basketball player and coach. He is currently the president of The Basketball League after serving as commissioner of the National Basketball League of Canada (NBLC). Prior to becoming an NBLC executive, Magley was head coach of Bradenton Christian School in Bradenton, Florida, for 11 years and then led the Brampton A's for two seasons. He played basketball at South Bend LaSalle High School. Following his senior year, Magley was named Indiana Mr. Basketball, beating Randy Wittman and Ted Kitchel for the award, and was selected to the Academic All-State and Parade All American teams. Dave was drafted with the fifth pick in the second round of the 1982 NBA draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers. In his one NBA season, Dave appeared in fourteen games, recording a total of twelve points and ten rebounds. Magley also spent several years in the Continental Basketball Association for the Wyoming Wildcatters, Albany Patroons and Tampa Bay Thrillers. Commissioner of the NBL Canada On May 28, 2015, Magley officially became the commissioner of the National Basketball League of Canada, succeeding Paul Riley. Several months prior, the league's Board of Directors unanimously voted to end Riley's stint as commissioner. Magley's overseeing of the 2015 NBL Canada Finals brawl helped him get the job. After completing his two-year contract as commissioner, he left to become the president and chief operating officer of the upstart North American Premier Basketball League in 2017. References ^ Dell, Alan. "Former BCS boys basketball coach Dave Magley takes reins of Canadian pro team". The Bradenton Herald. Retrieved May 17, 2015. ^ Anderson, Chris. "Bradenton Christian coach is an 'Indiana legend'". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Retrieved May 17, 2015. ^ "David Magley-Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame". hoopshall.com. Retrieved July 6, 2012. ^ "Dave Magley NBA statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved July 6, 2012. ^ 1986-87 CBA Official Guide, page 240. ^ a b "New commish sees growth". StCatharinesStandard.com. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2015. ^ "NBL Canada Parts Ways With Commissioner Riley". NBLCanada.com. Retrieved May 29, 2015. ^ "Magley eyes new pro basketball league". South Bend Tribune. July 6, 2017. vte1982 NBA draftFirst round James Worthy Terry Cummings Dominique Wilkins Bill Garnett LaSalle Thompson Trent Tucker Quintin Dailey Clark Kellogg Cliff Levingston Keith Edmonson Fat Lever John Bagley Sleepy Floyd Lester Conner David Thirdkill Terry Teagle Brook Steppe Ricky Pierce Rob Williams Paul Pressey Eddie Phillips Mark McNamara Darren Tillis Second round Oliver Robinson Bryan Warrick Ricky Frazier Fred Roberts Dave Magley Scott Hastings Wallace Bryant Rod Higgins Richard Anderson Linton Townes Vince Taylor Derek Smith Mitchell Anderson Audie Norris Wayne Sappleton Kevin Magee Guy Morgan Dwight Anderson Jeff Taylor Jose Slaughter Mike Gibson Russ Schoene Tony Guy
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Cust
Jack Cust
["1 Early life","2 Minor league career","3 Major league career","3.1 Early career","3.2 Baltimore Orioles","3.3 Oakland Athletics","3.4 Seattle Mariners & Philadelphia Phillies","3.5 Houston Astros","3.6 New York Yankees","3.7 Toronto Blue Jays","3.8 Tampa Bay Rays","3.9 Baltimore Orioles","3.10 Mitchell Report","4 See also","5 References","6 External links"]
American baseball player (born 1979) Baseball player Jack CustCust with the Seattle MarinersDesignated hitter / OutfielderBorn: (1979-01-07) January 7, 1979 (age 45)Flemington, New Jersey, U.S.Batted: LeftThrew: RightMLB debutSeptember 26, 2001, for the Arizona DiamondbacksLast MLB appearanceJuly 27, 2011, for the Seattle MarinersMLB statisticsBatting average.242Home runs105Runs batted in323 Teams Arizona Diamondbacks (2001) Colorado Rockies (2002) Baltimore Orioles (2003–2004) San Diego Padres (2006) Oakland Athletics (2007–2010) Seattle Mariners (2011) John Joseph Cust III (born January 7, 1979) is an American former professional baseball designated hitter and outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Colorado Rockies, Baltimore Orioles, San Diego Padres, Oakland Athletics, and Seattle Mariners. Early life Cust was born to Jack Sr. and Faith Cust. His father had played for the Seton Hall Pirates baseball team which went to the 1974 College World Series and his brothers, Kevin and Mike, both played minor league baseball. Cust attended Immaculata High School in Somerville, New Jersey. In 1997, he was first-team High School All-American at first base. Cust initially committed to play college baseball for the Alabama Crimson Tide. Minor league career In 1997, Cust, out of high school, was the first round draft pick (30th overall) of the Arizona Diamondbacks, and had a .447 on-base percentage in 35 games in the Rookie League. Cust was a Pioneer League All-Star in 1998, where he led the league in walks (86), on-base percentage (.530), and runs scored (75). In 1999, he led the California League in homers (32), on-base percentage (.450), and slugging percentage (.651), and was Baseball America's 1st team Minor League All-Star DH, California League All-Star, and the Arizona Diamondbacks Minor League Player of the Year. In 2000, he had a .440 on-base percentage at El Paso in the Texas League while leading the league in walks (117) and strikeouts (150). In 2001, he was a Pacific Coast League All-Star while leading the league with 102 walks, and in 2002 he was the Triple-A All-Star Game MVP. In 2006, he led the PCL with 143 walks (also leading the minor leagues), walking 24.5% of the time, while sporting a .467 on-base percentage with 30 home runs. In 11 minor league seasons with five different organizations, he hit exactly 200 home runs, had a .286 batting average, and a .429 on-base percentage. Statistically, he hit a home run once every 19 at-bats, struck out once every 3 at-bats, and earned 1 walk per game. Major league career Early career Cust made his Major League debut with the Diamondbacks on September 26, 2001. On January 7, 2002, his 23rd birthday, he was traded by the Diamondbacks with catcher JD Closser to the Colorado Rockies for pitcher Mike Myers. Cust spent the majority of the 2002 season with the Rockies' Triple-A affiliate, the Colorado Springs Sky Sox. He played in 35 games with the big league club, going 11–65 (.169 batting average) with 1 home run. Baltimore Orioles The Rockies sent him to the Baltimore Orioles for Chris Richard and cash on March 11, 2003. Cust appeared in 28 games (27 in 2003, 1 in 2004) during his two seasons with the ballclub, spending most of the time with the Ottawa Lynx. He was most noted as an Oriole for an infamous baserunning gaffe that resulted in his making the final out in a 12-inning 5–4 loss to the New York Yankees at Camden Yards on August 16, 2003. Representing the potential tying run at first base after a two-out pinch-hit walk, he attempted to score on a double to right field by Larry Bigbie, but was caught in a rundown after tumbling to the grass a few steps beyond third base. Even though he outmaneuvered catcher Jorge Posada and third baseman Aaron Boone and was headed towards an undefended home plate, Cust fell to the grass again and was tagged out from behind by Boone. Cust was granted free agency following the 2004 season. Oakland Athletics Cust taking batting practice before a game against the San Francisco Giants in 2007. On November 15, 2004, he was signed by the Oakland Athletics. He spent the whole season in Triple-A Sacramento, and was granted free agency after the season. On December 6, 2005, he signed a minor league contract with the San Diego Padres. He just had 3 at-bats in the 2006 season. He began the 2007 with the San Diego Padres' Triple-A Portland Beavers. On May 3, 2007, the Padres traded him to the Oakland Athletics, although he was rumored to be joining Japan's Chiba Lotte Marines. The Athletics needed another designated hitter due to an injury to veteran Mike Piazza. Cust quickly endeared himself to A's fans by hitting 6 home runs in his first 7 games. Cust would hit .346 with 14 RBI during that seven-game stretch. On May 13, 2007, with two outs and an 0–2 count in the bottom of the ninth, the A's rallied to score 5 runs to beat Joe Borowski and the Cleveland Indians 10–7, ending with Cust hitting a walk-off 3-run home run. After hitting .348 with 1 double and 5 home runs along with 13 RBI, Cust shared Co-American League Player of the Week honors along with teammate Dan Johnson for the week ending May 13, 2007. On August 10, Cust hit his first major league grand slam off relief pitcher Macay McBride of the Detroit Tigers after hitting a 3-run double earlier in the game to give him a career-high 7 RBI. He finished the 2007 season leading the Athletics in home runs with 26, walking 21.0% of the time (tops in the major leagues) but striking out 41.5% of the time (also tops in the majors). On September 19, 2008, he broke the AL record for most strikeouts in one season with 187. For the season he struck out 41.0% of the time, the highest percentage in major league baseball, once every 2.4 at-bats. He also walked 18.8% of the time, the second highest rate in the majors, and led the American League with 111 walks. On December 12, 2009, Cust was non-tendered by the Athletics making him a free agent. On January 7, 2010, Cust re-signed with the Oakland Athletics on a 1-year $2.5 million contract. However, he was designated for assignment on April 3, at the end of Spring training. On April 7, Cust cleared waivers and was outrighted to Triple-A. During his 33 minor league game tenure, he hit .273 with 4 home runs and 19 RBIs, and matched his 33 Ks w/ 33 walks. On May 15, he was added to the 40-man roster and recalled. In the first game he appeared in, he made a comedic error in left field. He appeared mostly in the outfield until Eric Chavez ended up on the DL, then assumed the primary DH spot. On September 13, Cust hit his 100th career home run in a 3–1 Athletics victory over the Kansas City Royals at Kauffman Stadium. Seattle Mariners & Philadelphia Phillies Following the 2010 season, Cust was non-tendered for the second year in a row, and became a free agent. On December 8, 2010, Cust signed a one-year deal with the Seattle Mariners. On July 29, 2011, the Mariners released Cust after he hit just .213 with 3 home runs. Cust signed a minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies on August 12, 2011. He was released a week later on August 20. Houston Astros In January 2012 Cust signed a one-year deal minor league contract worth $600,000 with an option for a second year with the Houston Astros, but was released on March 27 before the end of spring training. New York Yankees On March 28, 2012, he signed a minor league contract with the Yankees and was assigned to its Triple-A affiliate Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees, but was released by the Yankees on August 1. Toronto Blue Jays On August 4, 2012, Cust was signed to a minor league contract by the Toronto Blue Jays and assigned to their Triple-A affiliate Las Vegas 51s. On November 3, he was declared a minor league free agent by Major League Baseball. Tampa Bay Rays On February 17, 2013, the Rays announced that Cust would be attending major league spring training on a minor league contract. On March 23, 2013, the Rays announced that they had released Cust. Baltimore Orioles After spending all of 2013 out of professional baseball, Cust resurfaced with the Orioles after signing a minor league deal on February 5, 2014. His comeback attempt lasted 44 days; he was released on March 21. Mitchell Report On December 13, 2007, Cust was named in the Mitchell Report as a user of performance-enhancing drugs, although there was never any evidence outside of a conversation he once supposedly had with former teammate Larry Bigbie. Cust denied any wrongdoing or use of performance-enhancing drugs and said there were inaccuracies in his citation in the report. See also List of Major League Baseball players named in the Mitchell Report References ^ a b Botte, Peter (December 14, 2007). "Cust's breakout a small 'Wonder'". NY Daily News. Retrieved 27 January 2018. ^ "Jack Cust Baseball Academy Teaches The Sport". New Jersey Hills. September 11, 2003. Retrieved 27 January 2018. ^ "High School All-American". thebaseballcube.com. 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2012. ^ "Flemington's Jack Cust drafted by Diamondbacks". The Courier-News. June 12, 1997. Retrieved 27 January 2018. ^ ""O's acquire Cust for Richard", Baltimore Orioles press release, Tuesday, March 11, 2003". Retrieved 26 June 2023. ^ Encina, Eduardo A. "Jack Cust's comeback attempt will go through Orioles' minor league camp" The Baltimore Sun, Wednesday, February 5, 2014 ^ Christensen, Joe "Orioles stumble, fall in 12 to Yanks" The Baltimore Sun, Sunday, August 17, 2003 ^ "Cust falls twice, tagged for final out". Retrieved 26 June 2023 – via www.youtube.com. ^ "Major League Leaderboards » 2007 » Batters » Advanced Statistics". Fangraphs. Retrieved 2009-03-11. ^ a b "Major League Leaderboards » 2008 » Batters » Advanced Statistics". Fangraphs. Retrieved 2009-03-11. ^ "2008 Major League Baseball Batting Ratios". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2010-05-15. ^ "New A's Contract for Cust's 31st B-day". Csnbayarea.com. 2010-01-07. Archived from the original on 2012-07-24. Retrieved 2010-05-15. ^ "Sail of the Century: Royals' Errors, Cust's 100th Jack Help A's Dispatch KC, 3-1". athleticsnation.com. Vox Media, LLC. Retrieved 18 November 2023. ^ Slusser, Susan (2010-12-02). "A's again decline to contract to Jack Cust". The San Francisco Chronicle. ^ Schuhart, Alex. "Designated Hitter Jack Cust Released by Seattle Mariners". bleacherreport.com. Bleacher Report, Inc. Retrieved 18 November 2023. ^ Nicholson-Smith, Ben. "Phillies To Sign Jack Cust". MLBTradeRumors.com. Retrieved 12 August 2011. ^ Adams, Steve. "Phillies Release Cust, Heilman". MLBTradeRumors.com. Retrieved 20 August 2011. ^ McTaggart, Brian. "Cust eager to show Astros what he can do". Retrieved 18 January 2012. ^ "Release of Duke, Cust gives Astros' roster some clarity | astros.com: News". Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2014-02-11. ^ Snare, Lowell M. (March 28, 2012). "Jack Cust signs minor-league deal with Yankees". NJ.com. Retrieved March 19, 2015. ^ Carig, Marc (August 1, 2012). "Yankees release Jersey native Jack Cust from Triple-A roster". The Star Ledger. NJ.com. ^ Harrison, Doug (August 4, 2012). "Blue Jays sign Jack Cust to minor league deal". CBC.ca. Retrieved August 13, 2012. ^ Eddy, Matt (November 6, 2012). "Minor League Free Agents 2012". Retrieved November 11, 2012. ^ Silva, Drew (February 17, 2013). "Rays sign Jack Cust to minor league contract". Retrieved February 17, 2013. ^ Kubatko, Roch. "Orioles sign Meek and Cust to minor league deals", masnsports.com, Wednesday, February 5, 2014. ^ Melewski, Steve. "Orioles release Cust, LaPorta, five others from minor league camp", masnsports.com, Friday, March 21, 2014. ^ "JFC Final Report" (PDF). mlb.com. December 13, 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2023. ^ Slusser, Susan (2008-01-27). "Cust says no to Mitchell Report/A's DH denies using steroids". Sfgate.com. Retrieved 2010-05-15. External links Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball Reference, or Fangraphs, or Baseball Reference (Minors) vte1997 Major League Baseball draft first round selections Matt Anderson J. D. Drew Troy Glaus Jason Grilli Vernon Wells Geoff Goetz Dan Reichert J. J. Davis Michael Cuddyer Jon Garland Chris Enochs Aaron Akin Kyle Peterson Brandon Larson Jason Dellaero Lance Berkman John Curtice Mark Mangum Ryan Anderson Adam Kennedy Eric DuBose Jayson Werth Donnie Bridges Tyrell Godwin Glenn Davis Darnell McDonald Kevin Nicholson Tim Drew Troy Cameron Jack Cust Jason Standridge Nathan Haynes Kyle Kane Brett Caradonna Mark Fischer Ntema Ndungidi Chris Stowe Scott Hodges Jason Romano Ryan Bradley Jason Fitzgerald Denny Wagner Aaron Myette Bryan Hebson Thomas Pittman Jim Parque T. J. Tucker Shane Arthurs Dan McKinley Matthew LeCroy Rocky Biddle Tootie Myers vteArizona Diamondbacks first-round draft picks 1996: Bierbrodt 1997: Cust 1998: None 1999: Myers, Daigle 2000: None 2001: Bulger 2002: Santos 2003: Jackson, Quentin 2004: Drew 2005: Upton, Torra 2006: Scherzer, Brown 2007: Parker, Roemer, Easley 2008: Schlereth, Miley 2009: Borchering, Pollock, Davidson, Owings, Belfiore 2010: Loux 2011: Bauer, Bradley, Chafin 2012: Trahan 2013: Shipley 2014: Toussaint 2015: Swanson 2016: None 2017: Smith 2018: McLain 2019: Carroll, Walston, Malone, Jameson 2020: Jarvis 2021: Lawlar 2022: Jones 2023: Troy
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"baseball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball"},{"link_name":"designated hitter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designated_hitter"},{"link_name":"outfielder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outfielder"},{"link_name":"Major League Baseball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball"},{"link_name":"Arizona Diamondbacks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks"},{"link_name":"Colorado Rockies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Rockies"},{"link_name":"Baltimore Orioles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles"},{"link_name":"San Diego Padres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_Padres"},{"link_name":"Oakland Athletics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland_Athletics"},{"link_name":"Seattle Mariners","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_Mariners"}],"text":"Baseball playerJohn Joseph Cust III (born January 7, 1979) is an American former professional baseball designated hitter and outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Colorado Rockies, Baltimore Orioles, San Diego Padres, Oakland Athletics, and Seattle Mariners.","title":"Jack Cust"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wonder-1"},{"link_name":"Seton Hall Pirates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seton_Hall_Pirates"},{"link_name":"1974 College World Series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_College_World_Series"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"minor league baseball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_league_baseball"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wonder-1"},{"link_name":"Immaculata High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immaculata_High_School_(New_Jersey)"},{"link_name":"Somerville, New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerville,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"first base","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_base"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"college baseball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_baseball"},{"link_name":"Alabama Crimson Tide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_baseball"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Cust was born to Jack Sr. and Faith Cust.[1] His father had played for the Seton Hall Pirates baseball team which went to the 1974 College World Series[2] and his brothers, Kevin and Mike, both played minor league baseball.[1] Cust attended Immaculata High School in Somerville, New Jersey. In 1997, he was first-team High School All-American at first base.[3] Cust initially committed to play college baseball for the Alabama Crimson Tide.[4]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"1997","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_in_baseball"},{"link_name":"Arizona Diamondbacks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks"},{"link_name":"on-base percentage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-base_percentage"},{"link_name":"Pioneer League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_League_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"1998","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_in_baseball"},{"link_name":"walks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_on_balls"},{"link_name":"runs scored","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"1999","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_in_baseball"},{"link_name":"California League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_League"},{"link_name":"homers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_run"},{"link_name":"slugging percentage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slugging_percentage"},{"link_name":"2000","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_in_baseball"},{"link_name":"El Paso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso_Diablos"},{"link_name":"Texas League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_League"},{"link_name":"strikeouts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikeout"},{"link_name":"2001","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_in_baseball"},{"link_name":"Pacific Coast League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League"},{"link_name":"2002","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_in_baseball"},{"link_name":"Triple-A All-Star Game","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-A_All-Star_Game"},{"link_name":"2006","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_in_baseball"},{"link_name":"at-bats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At-bat"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"In 1997, Cust, out of high school, was the first round draft pick (30th overall) of the Arizona Diamondbacks, and had a .447 on-base percentage in 35 games in the Rookie League. Cust was a Pioneer League All-Star in 1998, where he led the league in walks (86), on-base percentage (.530), and runs scored (75). In 1999, he led the California League in homers (32), on-base percentage (.450), and slugging percentage (.651), and was Baseball America's 1st team Minor League All-Star DH, California League All-Star, and the Arizona Diamondbacks Minor League Player of the Year. \nIn 2000, he had a .440 on-base percentage at El Paso in the Texas League while leading the league in walks (117) and strikeouts (150).In 2001, he was a Pacific Coast League All-Star while leading the league with 102 walks, and in 2002 he was the Triple-A All-Star Game MVP. In 2006, he led the PCL with 143 walks (also leading the minor leagues), walking 24.5% of the time, while sporting a .467 on-base percentage with 30 home runs. In 11 minor league seasons with five different organizations, he hit exactly 200 home runs, had a .286 batting average, and a .429 on-base percentage. Statistically, he hit a home run once every 19 at-bats, struck out once every 3 at-bats, and earned 1 walk per game. [citation needed]","title":"Minor league career"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Major league career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2001","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Major_League_Baseball_season"},{"link_name":"2002","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Major_League_Baseball_season"},{"link_name":"catcher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catcher"},{"link_name":"JD Closser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Closser"},{"link_name":"Colorado Rockies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Rockies"},{"link_name":"pitcher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitcher"},{"link_name":"Mike Myers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Myers_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Colorado Springs Sky Sox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Springs_Sky_Sox"}],"sub_title":"Early career","text":"Cust made his Major League debut with the Diamondbacks on September 26, 2001. On January 7, 2002, his 23rd birthday, he was traded by the Diamondbacks with catcher JD Closser to the Colorado Rockies for pitcher Mike Myers. Cust spent the majority of the 2002 season with the Rockies' Triple-A affiliate, the Colorado Springs Sky Sox. He played in 35 games with the big league club, going 11–65 (.169 batting average) with 1 home run.","title":"Major league career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Baltimore Orioles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles"},{"link_name":"Chris Richard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Richard_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"2003","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Major_League_Baseball_season"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"2003","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Baltimore_Orioles_season"},{"link_name":"2004","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Baltimore_Orioles_season"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-eencinatbs-6"},{"link_name":"Ottawa Lynx","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa_Lynx"},{"link_name":"baserunning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baserunning"},{"link_name":"New York Yankees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Yankees"},{"link_name":"Camden Yards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriole_Park_at_Camden_Yards"},{"link_name":"Larry Bigbie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Bigbie"},{"link_name":"rundown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rundown"},{"link_name":"catcher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catcher"},{"link_name":"Jorge Posada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Posada"},{"link_name":"third baseman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_baseman"},{"link_name":"Aaron Boone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Boone"},{"link_name":"home plate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_plate"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"free agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_agent"}],"sub_title":"Baltimore Orioles","text":"The Rockies sent him to the Baltimore Orioles for Chris Richard and cash on March 11, 2003.[5] Cust appeared in 28 games (27 in 2003, 1 in 2004) during his two seasons with the ballclub,[6] spending most of the time with the Ottawa Lynx. He was most noted as an Oriole for an infamous baserunning gaffe that resulted in his making the final out in a 12-inning 5–4 loss to the New York Yankees at Camden Yards on August 16, 2003. Representing the potential tying run at first base after a two-out pinch-hit walk, he attempted to score on a double to right field by Larry Bigbie, but was caught in a rundown after tumbling to the grass a few steps beyond third base. Even though he outmaneuvered catcher Jorge Posada and third baseman Aaron Boone and was headed towards an undefended home plate, Cust fell to the grass again and was tagged out from behind by Boone.[7][8]Cust was granted free agency following the 2004 season.","title":"Major league career"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JackCust1.jpg"},{"link_name":"San Francisco Giants","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants"},{"link_name":"2007","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Major_League_Baseball_season"},{"link_name":"Sacramento","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento_River_Cats"},{"link_name":"San Diego Padres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_Padres"},{"link_name":"2006","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Major_League_Baseball_season"},{"link_name":"2007","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_in_baseball"},{"link_name":"Portland Beavers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_Beavers"},{"link_name":"Chiba Lotte Marines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiba_Lotte_Marines"},{"link_name":"Mike Piazza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Piazza"},{"link_name":"RBI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_batted_in"},{"link_name":"Joe Borowski","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Borowski_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Cleveland Indians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Indians"},{"link_name":"walk-off","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walk-off_home_run"},{"link_name":"American League Player of the Week","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Player_of_the_Week"},{"link_name":"Dan Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Johnson_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"grand slam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_slam_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"relief pitcher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_pitcher"},{"link_name":"Macay McBride","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macay_McBride"},{"link_name":"Detroit Tigers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Tigers"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"2008","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Major_League_Baseball_season"},{"link_name":"AL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_League"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fangraphs1-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fangraphs1-10"},{"link_name":"Oakland Athletics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland_Athletics"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Triple-A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento_River_Cats"},{"link_name":"Eric Chavez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Chavez"},{"link_name":"Kauffman Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauffman_Stadium"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"sub_title":"Oakland Athletics","text":"Cust taking batting practice before a game against the San Francisco Giants in 2007.On November 15, 2004, he was signed by the Oakland Athletics. He spent the whole season in Triple-A Sacramento, and was granted free agency after the season. On December 6, 2005, he signed a minor league contract with the San Diego Padres. He just had 3 at-bats in the 2006 season. He began the 2007 with the San Diego Padres' Triple-A Portland Beavers. On May 3, 2007, the Padres traded him to the Oakland Athletics, although he was rumored to be joining Japan's Chiba Lotte Marines. The Athletics needed another designated hitter due to an injury to veteran Mike Piazza. Cust quickly endeared himself to A's fans by hitting 6 home runs in his first 7 games. Cust would hit .346 with 14 RBI during that seven-game stretch. On May 13, 2007, with two outs and an 0–2 count in the bottom of the ninth, the A's rallied to score 5 runs to beat Joe Borowski and the Cleveland Indians 10–7, ending with Cust hitting a walk-off 3-run home run.After hitting .348 with 1 double and 5 home runs along with 13 RBI, Cust shared Co-American League Player of the Week honors along with teammate Dan Johnson for the week ending May 13, 2007. On August 10, Cust hit his first major league grand slam off relief pitcher Macay McBride of the Detroit Tigers after hitting a 3-run double earlier in the game to give him a career-high 7 RBI. He finished the 2007 season leading the Athletics in home runs with 26, walking 21.0% of the time (tops in the major leagues) but striking out 41.5% of the time (also tops in the majors).[9]On September 19, 2008, he broke the AL record for most strikeouts in one season with 187. For the season he struck out 41.0% of the time, the highest percentage in major league baseball, once every 2.4 at-bats.[10][11] He also walked 18.8% of the time, the second highest rate in the majors, and led the American League with 111 walks.[10]On December 12, 2009, Cust was non-tendered by the Athletics making him a free agent. On January 7, 2010, Cust re-signed with the Oakland Athletics on a 1-year $2.5 million contract.[12] However, he was designated for assignment on April 3, at the end of Spring training. On April 7, Cust cleared waivers and was outrighted to Triple-A. During his 33 minor league game tenure, he hit .273 with 4 home runs and 19 RBIs, and matched his 33 Ks w/ 33 walks. On May 15, he was added to the 40-man roster and recalled. In the first game he appeared in, he made a comedic error in left field. He appeared mostly in the outfield until Eric Chavez ended up on the DL, then assumed the primary DH spot. On September 13, Cust hit his 100th career home run in a 3–1 Athletics victory over the Kansas City Royals at Kauffman Stadium.[13]","title":"Major league career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Seattle Mariners","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_Mariners"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Philadelphia Phillies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"sub_title":"Seattle Mariners & Philadelphia Phillies","text":"Following the 2010 season, Cust was non-tendered for the second year in a row, and became a free agent.[14] On December 8, 2010, Cust signed a one-year deal with the Seattle Mariners. On July 29, 2011, the Mariners released Cust after he hit just .213 with 3 home runs.[15]Cust signed a minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies on August 12, 2011.[16] He was released a week later on August 20.[17]","title":"Major league career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Houston Astros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Astros"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"sub_title":"Houston Astros","text":"In January 2012 Cust signed a one-year deal minor league contract worth $600,000 with an option for a second year with the Houston Astros,[18] but was released on March 27 before the end of spring training.[19]","title":"Major league career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scranton/Wilkes-Barre_Yankees"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"sub_title":"New York Yankees","text":"On March 28, 2012, he signed a minor league contract with the Yankees and was assigned to its Triple-A affiliate Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees,[20] but was released by the Yankees on August 1.[21]","title":"Major league career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Las Vegas 51s","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_51s"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"sub_title":"Toronto Blue Jays","text":"On August 4, 2012, Cust was signed to a minor league contract by the Toronto Blue Jays and assigned to their Triple-A affiliate Las Vegas 51s.[22] On November 3, he was declared a minor league free agent by Major League Baseball.[23]","title":"Major league career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Rays"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"}],"sub_title":"Tampa Bay Rays","text":"On February 17, 2013, the Rays announced that Cust would be attending major league spring training on a minor league contract.[24] On March 23, 2013, the Rays announced that they had released Cust.","title":"Major league career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"}],"sub_title":"Baltimore Orioles","text":"After spending all of 2013 out of professional baseball, Cust resurfaced with the Orioles after signing a minor league deal on February 5, 2014.[25] His comeback attempt lasted 44 days; he was released on March 21.[26]","title":"Major league career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mitchell Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell_Report_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Larry Bigbie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Bigbie"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"}],"sub_title":"Mitchell Report","text":"On December 13, 2007, Cust was named in the Mitchell Report as a user of performance-enhancing drugs, although there was never any evidence outside of a conversation he once supposedly had with former teammate Larry Bigbie.[27] Cust denied any wrongdoing or use of performance-enhancing drugs and said there were inaccuracies in his citation in the report.[28]","title":"Major league career"}]
[{"image_text":"Cust taking batting practice before a game against the San Francisco Giants in 2007.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/JackCust1.jpg/270px-JackCust1.jpg"}]
[{"title":"List of Major League Baseball players named in the Mitchell Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_players_named_in_the_Mitchell_Report"}]
[{"reference":"Botte, Peter (December 14, 2007). \"Cust's breakout a small 'Wonder'\". NY Daily News. Retrieved 27 January 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/baseball/jack-cust-breakout-small-article-1.272131","url_text":"\"Cust's breakout a small 'Wonder'\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NY_Daily_News","url_text":"NY Daily News"}]},{"reference":"\"Jack Cust Baseball Academy Teaches The Sport\". New Jersey Hills. September 11, 2003. Retrieved 27 January 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.newjerseyhills.com/jack-cust-baseball-academy-teaches-the-sport/article_32d12c60-ed04-50d0-937a-2fca81f15eab.html","url_text":"\"Jack Cust Baseball Academy Teaches The Sport\""}]},{"reference":"\"High School All-American\". thebaseballcube.com. 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://thebaseballcube.com/extra/stuff/details.asp?S=High%20School%20All-American","url_text":"\"High School All-American\""}]},{"reference":"\"Flemington's Jack Cust drafted by Diamondbacks\". The Courier-News. June 12, 1997. Retrieved 27 January 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/222503003/","url_text":"\"Flemington's Jack Cust drafted by Diamondbacks\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Courier-News","url_text":"The Courier-News"}]},{"reference":"\"\"O's acquire Cust for Richard\", Baltimore Orioles press release, Tuesday, March 11, 2003\". Retrieved 26 June 2023.","urls":[{"url":"http://baltimore.orioles.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20030311&content_id=216503&vkey=pr_bal&fext=.jsp&c_id=bal","url_text":"\"\"O's acquire Cust for Richard\", Baltimore Orioles press release, Tuesday, March 11, 2003\""}]},{"reference":"\"Cust falls twice, tagged for final out\". Retrieved 26 June 2023 – via www.youtube.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMkqvmobA48","url_text":"\"Cust falls twice, tagged for final out\""}]},{"reference":"\"Major League Leaderboards » 2007 » Batters » Advanced Statistics\". Fangraphs. Retrieved 2009-03-11.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fangraphs.com/leaders.aspx?pos=all&stats=bat&lg=all&qual=y&type=1&season=2007","url_text":"\"Major League Leaderboards » 2007 » Batters » Advanced Statistics\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangraphs","url_text":"Fangraphs"}]},{"reference":"\"Major League Leaderboards » 2008 » Batters » Advanced Statistics\". Fangraphs. Retrieved 2009-03-11.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fangraphs.com/leaders.aspx?pos=all&stats=bat&lg=all&qual=y&type=1&season=2008&month=0","url_text":"\"Major League Leaderboards » 2008 » Batters » Advanced Statistics\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangraphs","url_text":"Fangraphs"}]},{"reference":"\"2008 Major League Baseball Batting Ratios\". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2010-05-15.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/2008-ratio-batting.shtml","url_text":"\"2008 Major League Baseball Batting Ratios\""}]},{"reference":"\"New A's Contract for Cust's 31st B-day\". Csnbayarea.com. 2010-01-07. Archived from the original on 2012-07-24. Retrieved 2010-05-15.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20120724154040/http://www.csnbayarea.com/01/07/10/Cust-Celebrates-31st-Birthday-With-New-A/landing.html?blockID=113988&feedID=2797","url_text":"\"New A's Contract for Cust's 31st B-day\""},{"url":"http://www.csnbayarea.com/01/07/10/Cust-Celebrates-31st-Birthday-With-New-A/landing.html?blockID=113988&feedID=2797","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Sail of the Century: Royals' Errors, Cust's 100th Jack Help A's Dispatch KC, 3-1\". athleticsnation.com. Vox Media, LLC. Retrieved 18 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.athleticsnation.com/2010/9/13/1686609/sail-of-the-century-royals-errors","url_text":"\"Sail of the Century: Royals' Errors, Cust's 100th Jack Help A's Dispatch KC, 3-1\""}]},{"reference":"Slusser, Susan (2010-12-02). \"A's again decline to contract to Jack Cust\". The San Francisco Chronicle.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Slusser","url_text":"Slusser, Susan"},{"url":"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2010%2F12%2F02%2FSP1R1GL463.DTL","url_text":"\"A's again decline to contract to Jack Cust\""}]},{"reference":"Schuhart, Alex. \"Designated Hitter Jack Cust Released by Seattle Mariners\". bleacherreport.com. Bleacher Report, Inc. Retrieved 18 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://bleacherreport.com/articles/792744-seattle-mariners-release-designated-hitter-jack-cust","url_text":"\"Designated Hitter Jack Cust Released by Seattle Mariners\""}]},{"reference":"Nicholson-Smith, Ben. \"Phillies To Sign Jack Cust\". MLBTradeRumors.com. Retrieved 12 August 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mlbtraderumors.com/2011/08/phillies-to-sign-jack-cust.html","url_text":"\"Phillies To Sign Jack Cust\""}]},{"reference":"Adams, Steve. \"Phillies Release Cust, Heilman\". MLBTradeRumors.com. Retrieved 20 August 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mlbtraderumors.com/2011/08/phillies-release-cust-heilman.html","url_text":"\"Phillies Release Cust, Heilman\""}]},{"reference":"McTaggart, Brian. \"Cust eager to show Astros what he can do\". Retrieved 18 January 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://houston.astros.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120117&content_id=26374826&vkey=news_hou&c_id=hou","url_text":"\"Cust eager to show Astros what he can do\""}]},{"reference":"\"Release of Duke, Cust gives Astros' roster some clarity | astros.com: News\". Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2014-02-11.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140221221601/http://houston.astros.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120327&content_id=27647460&vkey=news_hou&c_id=hou","url_text":"\"Release of Duke, Cust gives Astros' roster some clarity | astros.com: News\""},{"url":"http://houston.astros.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120327&content_id=27647460&vkey=news_hou&c_id=hou","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Snare, Lowell M. (March 28, 2012). \"Jack Cust signs minor-league deal with Yankees\". NJ.com. Retrieved March 19, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nj.com/hunterdon-county-democrat/index.ssf/2012/03/jack_cust_signs_minor_league_d.html","url_text":"\"Jack Cust signs minor-league deal with Yankees\""}]},{"reference":"Carig, Marc (August 1, 2012). \"Yankees release Jersey native Jack Cust from Triple-A roster\". The Star Ledger. NJ.com.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nj.com/yankees/index.ssf/2012/08/yankees_release_jersey_native.html","url_text":"\"Yankees release Jersey native Jack Cust from Triple-A roster\""}]},{"reference":"Harrison, Doug (August 4, 2012). \"Blue Jays sign Jack Cust to minor league deal\". CBC.ca. Retrieved August 13, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.cbc.ca/sports/baseball/mlb/story/2012/08/04/sp-mlb-jack-cust-toronto-blue-jays-new-york-yankees-alex-anthopoulos-scranton-wilkes-barre.html","url_text":"\"Blue Jays sign Jack Cust to minor league deal\""}]},{"reference":"Eddy, Matt (November 6, 2012). \"Minor League Free Agents 2012\". Retrieved November 11, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.baseballamerica.com/blog/prospects/2012/11/minor-league-free-agents-2012/","url_text":"\"Minor League Free Agents 2012\""}]},{"reference":"Silva, Drew (February 17, 2013). \"Rays sign Jack Cust to minor league contract\". Retrieved February 17, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://hardballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/02/17/rays-sign-jack-cust-to-minor-league-contract/","url_text":"\"Rays sign Jack Cust to minor league contract\""}]},{"reference":"\"JFC Final Report\" (PDF). mlb.com. December 13, 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2023.","urls":[{"url":"http://files.mlb.com/mitchrpt.pdf","url_text":"\"JFC Final Report\""}]},{"reference":"Slusser, Susan (2008-01-27). \"Cust says no to Mitchell Report/A's DH denies using steroids\". Sfgate.com. Retrieved 2010-05-15.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Slusser","url_text":"Slusser, Susan"},{"url":"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/01/27/SPJMUN3CR.DTL","url_text":"\"Cust says no to Mitchell Report/A's DH denies using steroids\""}]}]
[{"Link":"http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/baseball/jack-cust-breakout-small-article-1.272131","external_links_name":"\"Cust's breakout a small 'Wonder'\""},{"Link":"http://www.newjerseyhills.com/jack-cust-baseball-academy-teaches-the-sport/article_32d12c60-ed04-50d0-937a-2fca81f15eab.html","external_links_name":"\"Jack Cust Baseball Academy Teaches The Sport\""},{"Link":"http://thebaseballcube.com/extra/stuff/details.asp?S=High%20School%20All-American","external_links_name":"\"High School All-American\""},{"Link":"https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/222503003/","external_links_name":"\"Flemington's Jack Cust drafted by Diamondbacks\""},{"Link":"http://baltimore.orioles.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20030311&content_id=216503&vkey=pr_bal&fext=.jsp&c_id=bal","external_links_name":"\"\"O's acquire Cust for Richard\", Baltimore Orioles press release, Tuesday, March 11, 2003\""},{"Link":"http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2014-02-05/sports/bal-veteran-jack-cust-will-report-to-orioles-minor-league-camp-20140205_1_league-camp-orioles-organization-the-orioles","external_links_name":"Encina, Eduardo A. \"Jack Cust's comeback attempt will go through Orioles' minor league camp\""},{"Link":"http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2003-08-17/sports/0308170262_1_cust-orioles-trebelhorn","external_links_name":"\"Orioles stumble, fall in 12 to Yanks\""},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMkqvmobA48","external_links_name":"\"Cust falls twice, tagged for final out\""},{"Link":"http://www.fangraphs.com/leaders.aspx?pos=all&stats=bat&lg=all&qual=y&type=1&season=2007","external_links_name":"\"Major League Leaderboards » 2007 » Batters » Advanced Statistics\""},{"Link":"http://www.fangraphs.com/leaders.aspx?pos=all&stats=bat&lg=all&qual=y&type=1&season=2008&month=0","external_links_name":"\"Major League Leaderboards » 2008 » Batters » Advanced Statistics\""},{"Link":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/2008-ratio-batting.shtml","external_links_name":"\"2008 Major League Baseball Batting Ratios\""},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20120724154040/http://www.csnbayarea.com/01/07/10/Cust-Celebrates-31st-Birthday-With-New-A/landing.html?blockID=113988&feedID=2797","external_links_name":"\"New A's Contract for Cust's 31st B-day\""},{"Link":"http://www.csnbayarea.com/01/07/10/Cust-Celebrates-31st-Birthday-With-New-A/landing.html?blockID=113988&feedID=2797","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.athleticsnation.com/2010/9/13/1686609/sail-of-the-century-royals-errors","external_links_name":"\"Sail of the Century: Royals' Errors, Cust's 100th Jack Help A's Dispatch KC, 3-1\""},{"Link":"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2010%2F12%2F02%2FSP1R1GL463.DTL","external_links_name":"\"A's again decline to contract to Jack Cust\""},{"Link":"https://bleacherreport.com/articles/792744-seattle-mariners-release-designated-hitter-jack-cust","external_links_name":"\"Designated Hitter Jack Cust Released by Seattle Mariners\""},{"Link":"http://www.mlbtraderumors.com/2011/08/phillies-to-sign-jack-cust.html","external_links_name":"\"Phillies To Sign Jack Cust\""},{"Link":"http://www.mlbtraderumors.com/2011/08/phillies-release-cust-heilman.html","external_links_name":"\"Phillies Release Cust, Heilman\""},{"Link":"http://houston.astros.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120117&content_id=26374826&vkey=news_hou&c_id=hou","external_links_name":"\"Cust eager to show Astros what he can do\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140221221601/http://houston.astros.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120327&content_id=27647460&vkey=news_hou&c_id=hou","external_links_name":"\"Release of Duke, Cust gives Astros' roster some clarity | astros.com: 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2012\""},{"Link":"http://hardballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/02/17/rays-sign-jack-cust-to-minor-league-contract/","external_links_name":"\"Rays sign Jack Cust to minor league contract\""},{"Link":"http://www.masnsports.com/school-of-roch/2014/02/orioles-sign-meek-to-minor-league-deal.html","external_links_name":"Kubatko, Roch. \"Orioles sign Meek and Cust to minor league deals\", masnsports.com, Wednesday, February 5, 2014."},{"Link":"http://www.masnsports.com/steve-melewski/2014/03/the-orioles-release-cust-laporta-and-five-others-from-minor-league-camp.html","external_links_name":"Melewski, Steve. \"Orioles release Cust, LaPorta, five others from minor league camp\", masnsports.com, Friday, March 21, 2014."},{"Link":"http://files.mlb.com/mitchrpt.pdf","external_links_name":"\"JFC Final Report\""},{"Link":"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/01/27/SPJMUN3CR.DTL","external_links_name":"\"Cust says no to Mitchell Report/A's DH denies using steroids\""},{"Link":"https://www.mlb.com/player/400091","external_links_name":"MLB"},{"Link":"https://www.espn.com/mlb/player/stats/_/id/4609","external_links_name":"ESPN"},{"Link":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/c/custja01.shtml","external_links_name":"Baseball Reference"},{"Link":"https://www.fangraphs.com/statss.aspx?playerid=1564","external_links_name":"Fangraphs"},{"Link":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=cust--001joh","external_links_name":"Baseball Reference (Minors)"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Exmouth
HMS Exmouth
[]
Five ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Exmouth, after Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth: HMS Exmouth (1854) was a 90-gun screw propelled second-rate ship of the line launched in 1854. She was lent to the Metropolitan Asylums as a training ship in 1877 and was broken up in 1905. HMS Exmouth (1901) was a Duncan-class battleship launched in 1901, sold in 1920 and broken up in 1922. HMS Exmouth (1905) was the Royal Navy's first specially commissioned training ship, launched in 1905. She was requisitioned as a depot ship from 1939 to 1945, and then returned to use as a training ship renamed HMS Worcester for Thames Nautical Training College. She was broken up in 1978. HMS Exmouth (H02) was an E-class destroyer launched in 1934 and sunk by a U-boat in 1940. HMS Exmouth (F84) was a Blackwood-class frigate launched in 1955 and broken up in 1979. List of ships with the same or similar names This article includes a list of ships with the same or similar names. If an internal link for a specific ship led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended ship article, if one exists.
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[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonaises_(Chopin)
Polonaises (Chopin)
["1 Polonaises for solo piano","2 List of polonaises by Chopin","3 See also","4 References"]
Most of Frédéric Chopin's polonaises were written for solo piano. He wrote his first polonaise in 1817, when he was 7; his last was the Polonaise-Fantaisie of 1846, three years before his death. Among the best known polonaises are the "Military" Polonaise in A, Op. 40, No. 1, and the "Heroic" Polonaise in A♭, Op. 53. There is also the Andante spianato et grande polonaise brillante in E♭, Op. 22, for piano and orchestra, which also exists in a solo piano version; and the Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major, Op. 3, for cello and piano. Polonaises for solo piano Chopin wrote at least 23 polonaises for piano solo. Of these: 7, including the Polonaise-Fantaisie, were published in his lifetime 3 were published posthumously with opus numbers 6 were published posthumously without opus numbers at least 7 are lost. List of polonaises by Chopin These are for solo piano unless otherwise indicated. Series number Key Composed Published Opus Number Brown Kobylańska Chominski Dedication Notes 11 G minor 1817 1817 - B. 1 KK IIa/1 S1/1 Countess Wiktoria Skarbek Published by Chopin's father - C major 1829-30 1831 Op. 3 B. 41/52 Introduction and Polonaise brillante for cello and piano - E♭ major 1830-34 1836 Op. 22 B. 58/88 Andante spianato et grande polonaise brillante; originally for piano and orchestra, a solo piano version also exists 1 C♯ minor 1834-35 1836 Op. 26/1 B. 90/1 Josef Dessauer 2 E♭ minor 1834-35 1836 Op. 26/2 B. 90/2 Josef Dessauer 3 A major 1838 (October) 1841 Op. 40/1 B. 120 Julian Fontana "Military" Polonaise 4 C minor 1838-39 1841 Op. 40/2 B. 121 Julian Fontana 5 F♯ minor 1840-41 1841 Op. 44 B. 135 Mme la Princesse Charles de Beauveau, née de Komar "Tragic" Polonaise 6 A♭ major 1842 1843 Op. 53 B. 147 Auguste Léo "Heroic" or "Drum" Polonaise 7 A♭ major 1845-46 1846 Op. 61 B. 159 Mme A. Veyret Polonaise-Fantaisie 8 D minor 1825 1855 Op. posth. 71/1 B. 11 Some sources give 1827 as date of composition. 9 B♭ major 1828 1855 Op. posth. 71/2 B. 24 - - 10 F minor 1828 1855 Op. posth. 71/3 B. 30 - - 14 G♯ minor 1822 1864 - B. 6 KK IVa/3 P1/3 Mme. Du-Pont Some sources give 1824 as the composition date. 16 G♭ major 1829 (July) 1870 - B. 36 KK IVa/8 P1/8 15 B♭ minor 1826-27 1879 - B. 13 KK IVa/5 P1/5 "son ami Guillaume Kolberg, en partant pour Reinertz" "Adieu" Polonaise. Includes a quotation from Rossini's La gazza ladra (the tenor cavatina "Vieni fra queste braccia") 13 A♭ major 1821 1902 - B. 5 KK IVa/2 P1/2 Wojciech Żywny Some sources doubt this is a work by Chopin 12 B♭ major 1817 1947 - B. 3 KK IVa/1 P1/1 - ? "early" - KK Vf "Several polonaises", now lost - ? 1818 - - - - - - 2 polonaises presented on 26 September 1818 to the Empress Maria Fyodorovna, mother of Tsar Alexander I of Russia, on the occasion of her visit to Warsaw; these are now lost - ? 1825 - - - KK Vf - - Lost; on themes by Rossini (The Barber of Seville) and Spontini; mentioned in a letter from Chopin dated November 1825 - ? 1831 (by July) - - - KK Vc/1 Lost - ? 1832 - - - KK Vc/3 Mentioned in a letter from Chopin dated 10 September 1832 See also List of compositions by Frédéric Chopin by genre List of compositions by Frédéric Chopin by opus number References ^ a b Ohlsson, Garrick, 1973. "Chopin: The Complete Polonaises". Angel EMI records SB-3794. Hollywood: Capitol Records. vtePolonaises by Frédéric Chopin Introduction and Polonaise brillante, Op. 3 Andante spianato et grande polonaise brillante, Op. 22 2 Polonaises, Op. 26 2 Polonaises, Op. 40 (Military) Polonaise, Op. 44 (Tragic) Polonaise, Op. 53 (Heroic) Polonaise-Fantaisie, Op. 61 3 Polonaises, Op. posth. 71 Posthumous polonaises without opus numbers {{Ballades}} {{Concertante}} {{Études}} {{Mazurkas}} {{Nocturnes}} {{Polonaises}} {{Preludes}} {{Scherzos}} {{Waltzes}} {{Frédéric Chopin}} List of compositions by genre List of compositions by opus number
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[]
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[]
[]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Giant_(Twin_Peaks)
The Giant (Twin Peaks)
["1 Appearances","1.1 Twin Peaks","1.2 2017 revival","2 Cultural references","3 References"]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "The Giant" Twin Peaks – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Fictional character The GiantTwin Peaks characterAgent Cooper with the GiantFirst appearance"Episode 8" (1990)Last appearance"Part 17" (2017)Portrayed byCarel Struycken The Giant is a character from the television series Twin Peaks, created by David Lynch and Mark Frost. He is played by Carel Struycken. Struycken also appears in the 2017 revival as The Fireman, although the series does not explicitly state whether he is the same character as the Giant. Appearances Twin Peaks The Giant appears to FBI agent Dale Cooper in visions, first right after Cooper has been shot in his hotel room. The Giant provides Cooper with clues about the murder of Laura Palmer, alerts Cooper that Laura's killer is in the process of murdering Maddy Ferguson and later confirms the identity of the murderer during a vision in the Roadhouse. Later on, he also warns Cooper that his love-interest Annie Blackburn should not enter the Miss Twin Peaks pageant (her winning the contest is a key element leading to Cooper's entering the Black Lodge and subsequently his downfall). The Giant apparently inhabits an elderly Room Service Waiter of the Great Northern Hotel (played by Hank Worden). Also, the Giant wears a similar outfit to the Waiter (who in himself is a ghostly semi-conscious entity who almost never appears in a crowd or within the guests rooms of the Great Northern). In the final episode, when Cooper has entered the Black Lodge, both the Waiter and the Giant appear and the latter confirms their identity, stating: "One and the same". He also appears alongside of the Man from Another Place in the Lodge's waiting room. Some have opined that the waiting room actually is a neutral location between the Black and the White Lodge. In his first appearance, the Giant refused Cooper's question of his whereabouts. In a series of trading cards issued in 1991, The Giant's trading card lists his "Education" as the White Lodge and his "Weaknesses" as "I can only be seen by those who believe." 2017 revival Struycken reappears in the 2017 revival series, but as a character called The Fireman, leaving it ambiguous if he is the same entity as the Giant. Prior to being identified, the character was referred to as ??????? in the ending credits. As in the original series, this character provides cryptic clues to Cooper and appears to have benevolent intentions. Unlike the Giant, however, he does not appear in the natural realm, instead bringing individuals into his own realm, which is depicted as being predominantly without color. The Fireman's earliest known activity was in 1945 when he created an orb bearing the face of Laura Palmer and had it sent to Earth in response to the Experiment's creation of an orb bearing the face of Killer BOB. Sometime before 2014, he brought Freddie Sykes into his realm, where he told Freddie to buy a gardening glove that would enhance his strength and travel to Twin Peaks. When Sheriff Frank Truman and Deputies Bobby Briggs, Tommy "Hawk" Hill, and Andy Brennan investigate a clue left behind by Major Garland Briggs in 2014, Andy is transported into the Fireman's realm and provided information on important events. The Fireman is last seen after Dale Cooper's doppelgänger travels to his realm, which prompts him to send the doppelgänger to the Twin Peaks Sheriff's Department. Cultural references The Finnish doom metal band Swallow the Sun's song "The Giant" refers to this character. Their album Ghosts of Loss also mentions Laura Palmer in another song. "Transmission 3", the final track on DJ Shadow's 1996 album Endtroducing..... samples the voice of the Giant, saying "It is happening again." The Giant's words to Cooper in the hotel bedroom are sampled on the ambient album Substrata by Biosphere. The phrase "Sorry to wake you... I forgot to tell you something... The things I tell you will not be wrong..." appears in the song "The Things I Tell You". In The Simpsons episode "Lisa's Sax", Homer Simpson is seen watching Twin Peaks in which The Giant is dancing with a white horse. Homer remarks, "Brilliant! I have absolutely no idea what's going on." The Psych episode "Dual Spires", which is a homage to Twin Peaks, depicts John DeSantis as a character inspired by the Giant. The character is called the "Seven Foot Tall Man" in the credits. The phrase 'it is happening again' appears in the songs "Silver Soul" by Beach House and "It's Happening Again" by Agnes Obel. References ^ Timeout.com ^ Stewart, Mark Allyn (2007). David Lynch Decoded. AuthorHouse. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-4343-4985-9. Retrieved 2008-12-10. vteTwin PeaksUniverseCharacters Dale Cooper Laura Palmer Sheriff Harry Truman Shelly Johnson Donna Hayward Audrey Horne Maddy Ferguson Benjamin Horne Phillip Jeffries Killer BOB Windom Earle MIKE Leland Palmer Log Lady The Giant The Man from Another Place / The Arm Locations Twin Peaks, Washington Black and White Lodges (Red Room) Double R Diner The Great Northern Hotel EpisodesSeason 1 "Pilot" "Episode 1" "Episode 2" "Episode 3" "Episode 4" "Episode 5" "Episode 6" "Episode 7" Season 2 "Episode 8" "Episode 9" "Episode 14" "Episode 16" "Episode 29" Season 3 "Part 1" "Part 2" "Part 3" "Part 8" "Part 17" "Part 18" Film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992) MusicAlbums Soundtrack from Twin Peaks Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me Twin Peaks Music: Season Two Music and More The Twin Peaks Archive Anthology Resource Vol. 1: △△ Twin Peaks: Music from the Limited Event Series Twin Peaks: Limited Event Series Original Soundtrack Songs "Audrey's Dance" "Falling" "Rockin' Back Inside My Heart" Literature The Secret Diary of Laura Palmer The Secret History of Twin Peaks Twin Peaks: The Final Dossier Laura's Ghost Related Home video Awards and nominations Plays the Music of Twin Peaks Twin Peaks: The Missing Pieces (2014)
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Twin Peaks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_Peaks"},{"link_name":"David Lynch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Lynch"},{"link_name":"Mark Frost","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Frost"},{"link_name":"Carel Struycken","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carel_Struycken"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"2017 revival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_Peaks_(2017_TV_series)"}],"text":"Fictional characterThe Giant is a character from the television series Twin Peaks, created by David Lynch and Mark Frost. He is played by Carel Struycken.[1]Struycken also appears in the 2017 revival as The Fireman, although the series does not explicitly state whether he is the same character as the Giant.","title":"The Giant (Twin Peaks)"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Appearances"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"FBI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI"},{"link_name":"Dale Cooper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Cooper"},{"link_name":"Laura Palmer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Palmer"},{"link_name":"Annie Blackburn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Blackburn"},{"link_name":"Black Lodge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lodge"},{"link_name":"Hank Worden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Worden"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-decoded-2"},{"link_name":"Man from Another Place","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_from_Another_Place"},{"link_name":"White Lodge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Lodge_(Twin_Peaks)"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Twin Peaks","text":"The Giant appears to FBI agent Dale Cooper in visions, first right after Cooper has been shot in his hotel room. The Giant provides Cooper with clues about the murder of Laura Palmer, alerts Cooper that Laura's killer is in the process of murdering Maddy Ferguson and later confirms the identity of the murderer during a vision in the Roadhouse. Later on, he also warns Cooper that his love-interest Annie Blackburn should not enter the Miss Twin Peaks pageant (her winning the contest is a key element leading to Cooper's entering the Black Lodge and subsequently his downfall).The Giant apparently inhabits an elderly Room Service Waiter of the Great Northern Hotel (played by Hank Worden).[2] Also, the Giant wears a similar outfit to the Waiter (who in himself is a ghostly semi-conscious entity who almost never appears in a crowd or within the guests rooms of the Great Northern). In the final episode, when Cooper has entered the Black Lodge, both the Waiter and the Giant appear and the latter confirms their identity, stating: \"One and the same\".He also appears alongside of the Man from Another Place in the Lodge's waiting room. Some have opined that the waiting room actually is a neutral location between the Black and the White Lodge[citation needed]. In his first appearance, the Giant refused Cooper's question of his whereabouts. In a series of trading cards issued in 1991, The Giant's trading card lists his \"Education\" as the White Lodge and his \"Weaknesses\" as \"I can only be seen by those who believe.\"","title":"Appearances"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2017 revival series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_Peaks_(2017_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Laura Palmer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Palmer"},{"link_name":"Killer BOB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_(Twin_Peaks)"},{"link_name":"Dale Cooper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Cooper"}],"sub_title":"2017 revival","text":"Struycken reappears in the 2017 revival series, but as a character called The Fireman, leaving it ambiguous if he is the same entity as the Giant. Prior to being identified, the character was referred to as ??????? in the ending credits. As in the original series, this character provides cryptic clues to Cooper and appears to have benevolent intentions. Unlike the Giant, however, he does not appear in the natural realm, instead bringing individuals into his own realm, which is depicted as being predominantly without color.The Fireman's earliest known activity was in 1945 when he created an orb bearing the face of Laura Palmer and had it sent to Earth in response to the Experiment's creation of an orb bearing the face of Killer BOB. Sometime before 2014, he brought Freddie Sykes into his realm, where he told Freddie to buy a gardening glove that would enhance his strength and travel to Twin Peaks. When Sheriff Frank Truman and Deputies Bobby Briggs, Tommy \"Hawk\" Hill, and Andy Brennan investigate a clue left behind by Major Garland Briggs in 2014, Andy is transported into the Fireman's realm and provided information on important events. The Fireman is last seen after Dale Cooper's doppelgänger travels to his realm, which prompts him to send the doppelgänger to the Twin Peaks Sheriff's Department.","title":"Appearances"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"doom metal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doom_metal"},{"link_name":"Swallow the Sun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallow_the_Sun"},{"link_name":"Ghosts of Loss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghosts_of_Loss"},{"link_name":"DJ Shadow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ_Shadow"},{"link_name":"Endtroducing.....","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endtroducing....."},{"link_name":"ambient","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_music"},{"link_name":"Substrata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrata_(album)"},{"link_name":"Biosphere","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_(musician)"},{"link_name":"The Simpsons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons"},{"link_name":"Lisa's Sax","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa%27s_Sax"},{"link_name":"Homer Simpson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer_Simpson"},{"link_name":"Psych","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psych"},{"link_name":"Dual Spires","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_Spires"},{"link_name":"John DeSantis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_DeSantis"},{"link_name":"Beach House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_House"},{"link_name":"Agnes Obel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnes_Obel"}],"text":"The Finnish doom metal band Swallow the Sun's song \"The Giant\" refers to this character. Their album Ghosts of Loss also mentions Laura Palmer in another song.\n\"Transmission 3\", the final track on DJ Shadow's 1996 album Endtroducing..... samples the voice of the Giant, saying \"It is happening again.\"\nThe Giant's words to Cooper in the hotel bedroom are sampled on the ambient album Substrata by Biosphere. The phrase \"Sorry to wake you... I forgot to tell you something... The things I tell you will not be wrong...\" appears in the song \"The Things I Tell You\".\nIn The Simpsons episode \"Lisa's Sax\", Homer Simpson is seen watching Twin Peaks in which The Giant is dancing with a white horse. Homer remarks, \"Brilliant! I have absolutely no idea what's going on.\"\nThe Psych episode \"Dual Spires\", which is a homage to Twin Peaks, depicts John DeSantis as a character inspired by the Giant. The character is called the \"Seven Foot Tall Man\" in the credits.\nThe phrase 'it is happening again' appears in the songs \"Silver Soul\" by Beach House and \"It's Happening Again\" by Agnes Obel.","title":"Cultural references"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Stewart, Mark Allyn (2007). David Lynch Decoded. AuthorHouse. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-4343-4985-9. Retrieved 2008-12-10.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=BGeXiWl-DQcC&dq=%22log+lady%22&pg=PA55","url_text":"David Lynch Decoded"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4343-4985-9","url_text":"978-1-4343-4985-9"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Reeves_(computer_scientist)
Steve Reeves (computer scientist)
["1 References","2 External links"]
Computer scientist This article is about the computer scientist. For the actor, see Steve Reeves (actor). Steve ReevesBorn31 October 1957 (1957-10-31) (age 66)Brighton, EnglandNationalityBritishAlma materUniversity of BirminghamScientific careerFieldsComputer science, software engineering, formal methodsInstitutionsUniversity of Waikato, University of Essex, Queen Mary, University of London Steve Reeves is a computer scientist based at the University of Waikato in New Zealand. He has been in the various roles of Associate Dean, Programme Co-ordinator and Head of Department of Software Engineering. He has undertaken research work on the Z notation, formal methods for GUI design, a general theory of refinement and logic for veracity. Steve Reeves' academic work is in the area of formal methods to aid software engineering. In particular, he has undertaken research into the design and use of logics for specification. With Prof. Martin Henson, he has studied the formal semantics of the Z notation in detail, in relation to the international ISO standard for Z. He has done work (initially with colleagues from Data61) on uses for blockchain. He has had a two seed grants awarded by the New Zealand Science for Technological Innovation fund SfTI. More recently he has developed a logic for veracity, also under the SfTI scheme, but this time as part of a multi-university Spearhead grant Veracity project. Reeves has delivered talks internationally, including as the opening talk in the BCS-FACS seminar series at the British Computer Society in London in 2005. Steve Reeves is currently Chair of the (somewhat defunct) Z User Group, and the New Zealand member of the Australasian Software Engineering Conference (ASWEC) Steering Committee and the Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC), held at Waikato in December 2016 . He is a Fellow of the British Computer Society, a Fellow of the Institute of IT Professionals (formerly the New Zealand Computer Society), and is a Chartered IT Professional (CITPNZ). Reeves has published a number of academic papers. References ^ Steve Reeves Personal Web Page, Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, New Zealand. ^ People: Computer Science, Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, New Zealand. ^ Martin Henson, The Standard Logic of Z is Inconsistent, Formal Aspects of Computing, Volume 10, Number 3, 243–247, 1998. doi:10.1007/s001650050014. ^ Information Technology — Z Formal Specification Notation — Syntax, Type System and Semantics, ISO/IEC 13568:2002, ISO, 2002. ^ Past events: 2005, BCS-FACS, UK. ^ Steve Reeves, Scientific Commons. External links Steve Reeves home page Steve Reeves publications indexed by Google Scholar Steve Reeves at DBLP Bibliography Server Steve Reeves publications indexed by Microsoft Academic Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Norway Germany Israel United States Netherlands Academics Association for Computing Machinery DBLP Google Scholar ORCID Scopus zbMATH
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[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV_Westpac_Express_(HSV-4676)
HSC Dublin Swift
["1 History","2 Follow on orders","3 References","4 External links"]
Dublin Swift in August 2018 History Cyprus Name 2001-2018 WestPac Express (HSV-4676) 2018-present Dublin Swift Owner 2001-2016 Austal 2016-present Irish Continental Group Operator 2001-2018 United States Navy 2018-present Irish Ferries Port of registryLimassol RouteDublin-Holyhead BuilderAustal, Henderson, Western Australia Yard number130 Launched26 March 2001 Completed2001 Identification IMO number: 9243227 MMSI number: 369323000 Callsign: WDB5285 StatusIn service General characteristics Class and typeRoll-on/roll-off catamaran Tonnage2,111 tons (light) Length100.99 m (331.3 ft) Beam26.64 m (87.4 ft) Draft4.29 m (14.1 ft) (fully loaded) Installed powerFour Caterpillar 3618 diesel engines each producing 7,200 kW @ 1,050 rpm PropulsionWater-jet propulsion Speed 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) (economical) 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph) (warranted) Range 1,240 nmi @ 33 kn (laden) 2,182 nmi @ 20 kn (laden) 2,927 nmi @ 20 kn (ballast) Capacity Irish Ferries capacity: Passengers: 900 Vehicles: 251 cars or 16 articulated lorries with up to 96 cars also carried. Troop capacity: 970 Cargo capacity: 20,698 square feet: Designed for roll on/roll off service (typical loads - 153 HUMMWVs or 12 AAVPs and 20 LAVs) Crew 11 military 13 civilian Dublin Swift is a high-speed catamaran built in 2001 by Austal as a passenger and vehicle catamaran ferry. After conversion to a Maritime Prepositioning ship the vessel was chartered by the United States Navy's Military Sealift Command until January 2018 as WestPac Express. It was then converted for civilian use as a passenger ferry by Irish Ferries and renamed Dublin Swift. History After a demonstration in 2001, Austal signed a three-year lease with Military Sealift Command for the WestPac Express. In March 2011, the WestPac Express was deployed as part of the US response to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. In recognition of this service, Admiral Mark Buzby presented the ship’s crew with United States Merchant Marine Outstanding Achievement Medal at a ceremony on board the ship in Yokohama, Japan. The lease was renewed successively until the end of 2017. In April 2016 WestPac Express was sold to Irish Continental Group, who continued to lease it to the Military Sealift Command until the end of 2017. With its charter to the US Navy completed, in January 2018 WestPac Express arrived in Belfast for refurbishment at Harland & Wolff to replace the Jonathan Swift on Irish Ferries' Dublin to Holyhead route. It entered service in April 2018. Follow on orders With a design based on the WestPac Express, Austal USA built 10 Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport vessels for use by the United States Navy, the United States Marine Corps and the United States Coast Guard with a further two on order. References ^ US Military Breakthrough Austral 3 July 2001 ^ Austal Secures Landmark Ferry Contract with United States Military Austral 31 January 2002 ^ WestPac Express Austal ^ "Navy.mil - View Image". www.navy.mil. ^ US Military Signs New Charter for Austal High Speed Vessel Defpro ^ US Navy extends Austal charter The West Australian 6 October 2014 ^ a b WestPac Express completes 16 year charter Defence Connect 11 January 2018 ^ "ICG takes delivery of WestPac Express". irishtimestimes.com. Retrieved 1 January 2018. ^ Irish Ferries Owner Acquire Fast-Ferry for $13.25m Afloat 15 April 2016 ^ "Irish Continental Group plc : Sale of Jonathan Swift". otp.investis.com. Retrieved 31 January 2018. ^ "H&W visitors: WestPac Express (Austal #130) - NI Ferry Site ~ www.niferry.co.uk ~". NI Ferry Site ~ www.niferry.co.uk ~. 13 January 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018. ^ "Dublin Swift (ex Westpac Express) update". NI Ferry Site. 29 March 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2019. ^ News in brief Ships Monthly April 2018 page 10 ^ First look: Dublin Swift, the new fast ferry to Holyhead Irish Times 14 May 2018 ^ Austral Awarded Joint High Speed Vessel Contract Austal 14 November 2008 ^ Austal Delivers Expeditionary Fast Transport the USNS Burlington (EPF 10) to the US Navy Austal 16 November 2018 External links Media related to IMO 9243227 at Wikimedia Commons vteFerries of the Irish SeaCurrent shipsBrittany Ferries MV Armorique MV Cotentin MV Salamanca MV Santona MV Pont-Aven Irish Ferries HSC Dublin Swift MS Norbay MS James Joyce MS Ulysses MV W.B. Yeats Isle of Man Steam Packet Company MS Ben-my-Chree HSC Manannan MV Manxman P&O Ferries MS European Causeway MS European Highlander Seatruck Ferries MS Seatruck Point MS Seatruck Pace MS Seatruck Panorama MS Seatruck Power MS Seatruck Progress MS Seatruck Performance MS Seatruck Precision Stena Line MS Stena Adventurer MS Stena Edda MS Stena Embla MS Stena Estrid MS Stena Nordica MS Stena Forwarder MS Stena Hibernia MS Stena Horizon MS Stena Scotia MS Stena Superfast VII MS Stena Superfast VIII Ferry ports Belfast Harbour Cairnryan Harbour Port of Cork Douglas Harbour Dublin Port Fishguard Harbour Heysham Port Port of Holyhead Larne Harbour Port of Liverpool Pembroke Dock Rosslare Europort vteHigh Speed Vessels of the United States Navy Sea Fighter Swift Joint Venture WestPac Express Guam HST-2 Spearhead class: Spearhead Choctaw County Millinocket Fall River Trenton Brunswick Carson City Yuma City of Bismarck Burlington Puerto Rico Newport Apalachicola Cody Point Loma Bethesda class: Bethesda Balboa List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy
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It was then converted for civilian use as a passenger ferry by Irish Ferries and renamed Dublin Swift.","title":"HSC Dublin Swift"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Austal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austal"},{"link_name":"Military Sealift Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Sealift_Command"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Mark Buzby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Buzby"},{"link_name":"Merchant Marine Outstanding Achievement Medal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant_Marine_Outstanding_Achievement_Medal"},{"link_name":"Yokohama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokohama"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DC-7"},{"link_name":"Irish Continental Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Continental_Group"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DC-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Belfast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belfast"},{"link_name":"Harland & Wolff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harland_%26_Wolff"},{"link_name":"Jonathan Swift","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSC_Cecilia_Payne"},{"link_name":"Irish Ferries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Ferries"},{"link_name":"Dublin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Port"},{"link_name":"Holyhead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Holyhead"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"After a demonstration in 2001, Austal signed a three-year lease with Military Sealift Command for the WestPac Express.[1][2][3]In March 2011, the WestPac Express was deployed as part of the US response to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.[4] In recognition of this service, Admiral Mark Buzby presented the ship’s crew with United States Merchant Marine Outstanding Achievement Medal at a ceremony on board the ship in Yokohama, Japan.[5] The lease was renewed successively until the end of 2017.[6][7]In April 2016 WestPac Express was sold to Irish Continental Group, who continued to lease it to the Military Sealift Command until the end of 2017.[7][8][9]With its charter to the US Navy completed, in January 2018 WestPac Express arrived in Belfast for refurbishment at Harland & Wolff to replace the Jonathan Swift on Irish Ferries' Dublin to Holyhead route.[10][11][12] It entered service in April 2018.[13][14]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Austal USA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austal_USA"},{"link_name":"Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearhead-class_expeditionary_fast_transport"},{"link_name":"United States Navy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy"},{"link_name":"United States Marine Corps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps"},{"link_name":"United States Coast Guard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"text":"With a design based on the WestPac Express, Austal USA built 10 Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport vessels for use by the United States Navy, the United States Marine Corps and the United States Coast Guard with a further two on order.[15][16]","title":"Follow on orders"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"Navy.mil - View Image\". www.navy.mil.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.navy.mil/view_image.asp?id=98402","url_text":"\"Navy.mil - View Image\""}]},{"reference":"\"ICG takes delivery of WestPac Express\". irishtimestimes.com. Retrieved 1 January 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishtimes.com/business/transport-and-tourism/icg-takes-delivery-of-high-speed-craft-westpac-express-1.2669940","url_text":"\"ICG takes delivery of WestPac Express\""}]},{"reference":"\"Irish Continental Group plc : Sale of Jonathan Swift\". otp.investis.com. Retrieved 31 January 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://otp.investis.com/clients/uk/icg1/rns/regulatory-story.aspx?cid=500&newsid=971844","url_text":"\"Irish Continental Group plc : Sale of Jonathan Swift\""}]},{"reference":"\"H&W visitors: WestPac Express (Austal #130) - NI Ferry Site ~ www.niferry.co.uk ~\". NI Ferry Site ~ www.niferry.co.uk ~. 13 January 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.niferry.co.uk/hw-visitors-westpac-express-austal-130/","url_text":"\"H&W visitors: WestPac Express (Austal #130) - NI Ferry Site ~ www.niferry.co.uk ~\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dublin Swift (ex Westpac Express) update\". NI Ferry Site. 29 March 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.niferry.co.uk/dublin-swift-ex-westpac-express-update/","url_text":"\"Dublin Swift (ex Westpac Express) update\""}]}]
[{"Link":"https://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/details/ships/imo:9243227","external_links_name":"9243227"},{"Link":"https://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/details/ships/mmsi:369323000","external_links_name":"369323000"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200503110539/https://www.asx.com.au/asx/statistics/displayAnnouncement.do?display=text&issuerId=3968&announcementId=407755&documentDate=2001-07-03&documentNumber=198242","external_links_name":"US Military Breakthrough"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200501111642/https://www.asx.com.au/asx/statistics/displayAnnouncement.do?display=text&issuerId=3968&announcementId=457171&documentDate=2002-01-31&documentNumber=210167","external_links_name":"Austal Secures Landmark Ferry Contract with United States Military"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160330060236/https://www.austal.com/ships/westpac-express","external_links_name":"WestPac Express"},{"Link":"https://www.navy.mil/view_image.asp?id=98402","external_links_name":"\"Navy.mil - View Image\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120211221047/http://www.defpro.com/news/details/30947/?SID=70dabe1b4a47e34dcfef8924d4bebe5c","external_links_name":"US Military Signs New Charter for Austal High Speed Vessel"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200503113831/https://au.news.yahoo.com/us-navy-extends-austal-charter-25191790.html","external_links_name":"US Navy extends Austal charter"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180201020118/https://www.defenceconnect.com.au/maritime-antisub/1756-2004-boxing-day-tsunami-support-vessel-completes-16-year-charter","external_links_name":"WestPac Express completes 16 year charter"},{"Link":"https://www.irishtimes.com/business/transport-and-tourism/icg-takes-delivery-of-high-speed-craft-westpac-express-1.2669940","external_links_name":"\"ICG takes delivery of WestPac Express\""},{"Link":"https://afloat.ie/port-news/ferry-news/item/31916-irish-ferries-owner-acquire-fast-ferry-for-13-25m","external_links_name":"Irish Ferries Owner Acquire Fast-Ferry for $13.25m"},{"Link":"http://otp.investis.com/clients/uk/icg1/rns/regulatory-story.aspx?cid=500&newsid=971844","external_links_name":"\"Irish Continental Group plc : Sale of Jonathan Swift\""},{"Link":"https://www.niferry.co.uk/hw-visitors-westpac-express-austal-130/","external_links_name":"\"H&W visitors: WestPac Express (Austal #130) - NI Ferry Site ~ www.niferry.co.uk ~\""},{"Link":"https://www.niferry.co.uk/dublin-swift-ex-westpac-express-update/","external_links_name":"\"Dublin Swift (ex Westpac Express) update\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180516004819/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/travel/first-look-dublin-swift-the-new-fast-ferry-to-holyhead-1.3494521?mode=sample&auth-failed=1&pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Flife-and-style%2Ftravel%2Ffirst-look-dublin-swift-the-new-fast-ferry-to-holyhead-1.3494521","external_links_name":"First look: Dublin Swift, the new fast ferry to Holyhead"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200503110640/https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20081114/pdf/31dlbkpmzlzrmd.pdf","external_links_name":"Austral Awarded Joint High Speed Vessel Contract"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200503111046/https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20181116/pdf/440c9gm8hny504.pdf","external_links_name":"Austal Delivers Expeditionary Fast Transport the USNS Burlington (EPF 10) to the US Navy"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Peekel
Han Peekel
["1 Biography","2 Comic cameo appearances","3 References"]
Dutch singer and presenter (1947–2022) Han PeekelBorn(1947-10-06)6 October 1947Rotterdam, NetherlandsDied14 December 2022(2022-12-14) (aged 75)Sanur, IndonesiaNationalityDutchOccupation(s)Television producer and television presenter Han Peekel (6 October 1947 – 14 December 2022) was a Dutch television producer, writer, radio- and television presenter. He was best known as presenter of television programs as Wordt Vervolgd  and TV Monument . Peekel also produced television shows and wrote books. Biography Peekel started in the 1960s as a singer of Dutch songs and was presenter at Radio Veronica. He became known for his television appearances. The television program Wordt Vervolgd about comics and cartoons started in 1983 and Peekel presented the program for seventeen years. Peekel also collaborated with Wouter Strips and Joop Wiggers on a TV adaptation of Jan Kruis' Jack, Jacky and the Juniors. From 2009 he was the presenter of TV Monument, a documentary TV series about Dutch TV makers. On 18 December 2012, Peekel became Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau for his services to television, radio and cabaret. He received the award from the mayor of Hilversum Pieter Broertjes. Peekel died of heart failure during a holiday in Sanur at the Indonesian island Bali on 14 December 2022, at the age of 75. Comic cameo appearances Peekel had a cameo appearance in the comics As a colleague of Jan Tromp  in album 12 of Jack, Jacky and the Juniors. As a courtier at the court of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor in the Spike and Suzy album De kleine postruiter . References ^ a b "Televisiemaker Han Peekel (75), bekend van Wordt Vervolgd, onverwacht overleden". Trouw (in Dutch). 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022. ^ a b "Televisiemaker Han Peekel, die Peter R. de Vries als laatste interviewde, overlijdt tijdens vakantie". Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022. ^ "Lambiek Comiclopedia article about Jan Kruis". Lambiek's Comiclopedia. 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022. ^ a b "Televisiemaker Han Peekel (75) overleden". NOS (in Dutch). 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022. Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Germany United States Netherlands Artists MusicBrainz Other IdRef
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Wordt Vervolgd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wordt_Vervolgd&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"nl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wordt_Vervolgd_(televisieprogramma)"},{"link_name":"TV Monument","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TV_Monument&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"nl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Monument"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ref1-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ref2-2"}],"text":"Han Peekel (6 October 1947 – 14 December 2022) was a Dutch television producer, writer, radio- and television presenter. He was best known as presenter of television programs as Wordt Vervolgd [nl] and TV Monument [nl]. Peekel also produced television shows and wrote books.[1][2]","title":"Han Peekel"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Radio Veronica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Veronica"},{"link_name":"Jan Kruis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Kruis"},{"link_name":"Jack, Jacky and the Juniors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack,_Jacky_and_the_Juniors"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ref4-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ref3-4"},{"link_name":"Order of Orange-Nassau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Orange-Nassau"},{"link_name":"Hilversum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilversum"},{"link_name":"Pieter Broertjes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Broertjes"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ref3-4"},{"link_name":"Sanur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanur,_Bali"},{"link_name":"Bali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ref1-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ref2-2"}],"text":"Peekel started in the 1960s as a singer of Dutch songs and was presenter at Radio Veronica. He became known for his television appearances. The television program Wordt Vervolgd about comics and cartoons started in 1983 and Peekel presented the program for seventeen years. Peekel also collaborated with Wouter Strips and Joop Wiggers on a TV adaptation of Jan Kruis' Jack, Jacky and the Juniors. [3]From 2009 he was the presenter of TV Monument, a documentary TV series about Dutch TV makers.[4]On 18 December 2012, Peekel became Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau for his services to television, radio and cabaret. He received the award from the mayor of Hilversum Pieter Broertjes.[4]Peekel died of heart failure during a holiday in Sanur at the Indonesian island Bali on 14 December 2022, at the age of 75.[1][2]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"cameo appearance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameo_appearance"},{"link_name":"Jan Tromp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jan_Tromp&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"nl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tromp_(stripfiguur)"},{"link_name":"Jack, Jacky and the Juniors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack,_Jacky_and_the_Juniors"},{"link_name":"Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor"},{"link_name":"Spike and Suzy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_and_Suzy"},{"link_name":"De kleine postruiter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_kleine_postruiter&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"nl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_kleine_postruiter"}],"text":"Peekel had a cameo appearance in the comicsAs a colleague of Jan Tromp [nl] in album 12 of Jack, Jacky and the Juniors.\nAs a courtier at the court of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor in the Spike and Suzy album De kleine postruiter [nl].","title":"Comic cameo appearances"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Artist_(Thailand)
National Artist (Thailand)
["1 List of Thailand National Artists","1.1 1980s","1.2 1990s","1.3 2000s","1.4 2010s","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "National Artist" Thailand – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Prize AwardNational ArtistAwarded forExceptional contribution to the arts of ThailandCountryThailandPresented byOffice of the National Culture CommissionFirst awarded24 February 1985 (1985-02-24)Websiteart.culture.go.th The National Artist (Thai: ศิลปินแห่งชาติ, RTGS: Sinlapin Haeng Chat, IPA: ) is a title given annually by the Office of the National Culture Commission of Thailand, recognizing notable Thai artists in the area of intangible cultural heritage such as literature, fine arts, visual arts, applied arts (architecture, design) and performing arts (Thai dance, international dance, puppetry, shadow play, Thai music, international music, drama and film). Since 1985, the honors have been presented on 24 February, "National Artist Day", in Thailand. The date was chosen because it is the birthdate of Buddha Loetla Nabhalai, or King Rama II, who was an artist himself. In 1986, King Bhumibol Adulyadej, an accomplished musician, photographer, and painter, was named "Supreme Artist". National artists receive 25,000 baht monthly for life unless the award is retracted. They are also entitled to health insurance, emergency payments, funeral costs, and a stipend of 150,000 baht for writing a biography or autobiography. The pieces of work perceived of being on the highest level are exhibited in the Supreme Artist Hall. List of Thailand National Artists This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 1980s Year Name Discipline Source(s) 1985 Kukrit Pramoj Literature 1985 Montri Tramote Performing art (Thai music) 1985 Paew Snitwongseni Performing art (Thai dance) 1985 Fua Haripitak Fine art, Visual art 1986 Kanha Khiangsiri Literature 1986 Ob Chiyavasu Literature 1986 Kan Thonglaw Performing art (Thai dance) 1986 Chalerm Buatang Performing art (Thai music) 1986 Chusri Sakunkaew Performing art (Thai dance) 1986 Tuam Prasidhikul Performing art (Thai music) 1986 Tongmak Chandulue Performing art (Thai dance) 1986 Thonglaw Tamleytong Performing art (Thai music) 1986 Plueng Chairasami Performing art (Thai dance) 1986 Puangroi Abhaiwongsa Performing art (International music) 1986 Paitoon Kittiwan Performing art (Thai music) 1986 Rongpakdee Jarujarana Performing art (Thai dance) 1986 Kumma Saeng-ngarm Fine art, Visual art 1986 Paitoon Muangsomboon Fine art, Visual art 1986 Prasong Patamanuj Fine art, Visual art 1986 Saengda Bannasit Fine art, Visual art 1986 Heng Sopapong Fine art, Visual art 1986 Sompop Pirom Applied art 1987 Pin Malakul Literature 1987 Charoenchai Sundaravadin Performing art (Thai music) 1987 Chaloey Sukavanis Performing art (Thai dance) 1987 Chin Silapabanleng Performing art (Thai music) 1987 Chailanka Kruasen Performing art (Thai music) 1987 Yok Choobua Performing art (Thai dance) Year Name Discipline Source(s) 1987 Vichit Kounavudhi Performing art (Movie and drama) 1987 Chit Rianpracha Visual art 1987 Payom Sinawat Fine art, Visual art 1987 Mod Wongsawad Fine art, Visual art 1987 Mitrarun Kasemsri Visual art, Applied art 1988 Sukanya Cholasuek Literature 1988 Kree Worasarin Performing art (Thai dance) 1988 Jamriang Budpradub Performing art (Thai dance) 1988 Seri Wangnaitham Performing art (Thai dance) 1988 Prasidhi Thavorn Performing art (Thai music) 1988 Boonyong Katekong Performing art (Thai music) 1988 Samarn Karnjanaphalin Performing art (International music) 1988 Sa-nga Arampir Performing art (International music) 1988 Wangdee Nima Performing art (Thai dance) 1988 Chalerm Nakeerak Fine art, Visual art 1988 Poon Kesjamras Fine art, Visual art 1988 Piman Moonpramook Fine art, Visual art 1989 Angkarn Kalayanapong Literature 1989 Yat Changthong Performing art (Thai dance) 1989 Pravet Kumut Performing art (Thai music) 1989 Prasit Phayomyong Performing art (International music) 1989 Sherry Savettanan Performing art (International music) 1989 Chin Oramut Performing art (Thai dance) 1989 Sanit Ditthapan Fine art, Visual art 1989 Praves Limparangsri Visual art, Applied art 1990s Year Name Discipline Source(s) 1990 Sakchai Bumrungpong Literature 1990 Buaphan Chansri Performing art (Thai dance) 1990 Somchai Asanachinda Performing art (Movie and drama) 1990 Suthep Wongkamhaeng Performing art (International music) 1990 Suwannee Chalanukhro Performing art (Thai dance) 1990 Tavee Nanthakwang Fine art, Visual art 1991 Suwat Woradilok Literature 1991 Ajin Panjapan Literature 1991 Sawasdi Tantisuk Fine art, Visual art 1991 Ken Dalau Performing art (Thai dance) 1991 Boonyang Katekong Performing art (Thai dance) 1991 Payong Mukda Performing art (International music) 1991 Pensri Poomchoosri Performing art (International music) 1992 Khamsing Srinawk Literature 1992 Songchart Chuensiri Performing art (Thai dance) 1992 Tuen Patayakul Performing art (Thai music) 1992 Manratana Srigranont Performing art (International music) 1992 Pongsri Woranuch Performing art (International music) 1992 Juliam Gingthong Performing art (Thai dance) 1992 Kam Gawai Performing art (Thai dance) 1992 Prayoon Uluchata Fine art, Visual art 1993 Prakhin Xumsai Na Ayudhya Literature 1993 Naowarat Pongpaiboon Literature 1993 Jamnian Srithaipan Performing art (Thai music) 1993 Chalee Intharawijit Performing art (Movie and drama) 1993 Sudchit Anantakul Performing art (Thai music) 1993 Khader Verdeng Performing art (Thai dance) 1993 Chaweewan Phanthu Performing art (Thai music) 1993 Pinit Suwanaboon Fine art, Visual art 1993 Usni Pramoj Performing art (International music) 1993 Prayoon Yomyiem Performing art (Thai dance) 1993 Pinyo Suwankiri Visual art, Applied art 1994 Usni Pramoj Performing art (International music) 1994 Prayoon Yomyiam Performing art (Thai dance) 1994 Pinyo Suwankiri Visual art, Applied art 1995 Rong Wongsawan Literature 1995 Thaweep Voradiloke Literature 1995 Khamphai Nuping Performing art (Thai dance) 1995 Jang Klayseethong Performing art (Thai music) 1995 Pruang Chuenprayoth Performing art (International music) 1995 Somsian Phantong Performing art (Thai music) 1995 Soi Damjam Performing art (Thai music) 1995 Sawong Supsamruay Performing art (Movie and drama) 1995 Amnuey Neramit Performing art (Movie and drama) 1995 Chitt Chongmankhong Fine art, Visual art Year Name Discipline Source(s) 1996 Srifa Mahawan Literature 1996 Anusorn Mongkolkarn Performing art (Movie and drama) 1996 Somkuan Krachangsart Performing art (Movie and drama) 1996 Ruangthong Thongluntom Performing art (International music) 1996 Kliew Setkit Performing art (Thai dance) 1996 Boonlert Nartpinit Performing art (Thai dance) 1996 Sakorn Yang-keawsot Performing art (Thai dance) 1996 Chansom Saithara Performing art (Thai music) 1996 Yai Wisetpolklang Performing art (Thai music) 1996 Chumraung Vichienket Fine art, Visual art 1997 Chatchai Visessuwanpoom Literature 1997 Sompong Pongmitr Performing art (Movie and drama) 1997 Malaiwal Boonyaratawej Performing art (International music) 1997 Pinit Chaisuwan Performing art (Thai music) 1997 Surapol Tonawanik Performing art (International music) 1997 Thongbai Ruangnont Performing art (Thai dance) 1997 Waiphot Phetsuphan Performing art (International music) 1997 Boonpeng Phaiphiewchai Performing art (Thai dance) 1997 Im Chitphakdee Performing art (Thai dance) 1997 Kamol Tasananchalee Fine art, Visual art 1998 Vasit Dejkunjorn Literature 1998 Churee Osiri Performing art (Movie and drama) 1998 Bencharong Thanakoset Performing art (Thai music) 1998 Prasidh Silpabanleng Performing art (International music) 1998 Siriwat Ditsayanand Performing art (Thai dance) 1998 Chaichana Boonnachot Performing art (International music) 1998 Charin Nandanagara Performing art (International music) 1998 Piyaphan Snitwongse Performing art (International music) 1998 Khraukaew Na Chiang Mai Performing art (Thai dance) 1998 Chalood Nimsamer Fine art, Visual art 1998 Prayat Pongdam Fine art, Visual art 1998 Arvuth Ngernchuglin Visual art 1998 Sumet Jumsai na Ayudhya Applied art 1999 Supa Sirisingh Literature 1999 Thae Prakas-vudhisarn Performing art (Movie and drama) 1999 Marasi Isranggura Na Ayutthaya Performing art (Movie and drama) 1999 Cheu Dontriros Performing art (Thai music) 1999 Somphan Chotana Performing art (Thai dance) 1999 Samphan Phan-manee Performing art (Thai dance) 1999 Somnuke Thongma Performing art (International music) 1999 Chin Faithes Performing art (International music) 1999 Manit Phu-Aree Fine art, Visual art 1999 Damrong Wongse-Upparaj Fine art, Visual art 1999 Inson Wongsam Fine art, Visual art 2000s Year Name Discipline Source(s) 2000 Ussiri Dhammachote Literature 2000 Mongkol Seangsawang Performing arts (Thai music) 2000 Chakrabhand Posayakrit Fine arts 2000 Ruetai Jaijongrak Applied arts 2001 Kumpoon Boontawee Literature 2001 Chatrichalerm Yukol Performing arts (Movie and drama) 2001 Thawan Duchanee Fine arts 2001 Pradith Yuvapukka Visual arts, Applied arts 2002 Sujit Wongthes Literature 2002 Chiras Ardnarong Performing arts (Thai music) 2002 Prakit Buabusaya Fine arts, Visual arts 2002 Nithi Sathapitanon Applied arts 2003 Karuna Kusiralai Literature 2003 Prom Bunrit Performing arts (Thai dance) 2003 Pichai Niran Fine arts, Visual art 2003 Wanida Puangsunthorn Visual arts, Applied art 2004 Vinita Diteeyont Literature 2004 Chart Korbjitti Literature 2004 Rakop Pothiwes Performing arts (Thai dance) 2004 Chintana Palkawong na Ayudhya Performing arts (International music) 2004 Pairat Sungwaributr Performing arts (Movie and drama) 2004 Piboon Musikpodok Fine arts, Visual art 2004 Sant Sarakornborirak Fine arts, Visual art 2004 Jullatat Kitibud Visual arts, Applied art 2005 Prayom Songthong Literature 2005 Sathaporn Srisatjang Literature 2005 Pratuang Emjaroen Fine arts 2005 Tawee Rujaneekorn Fine arts 2005 Chalard Songserm Performing art 2005 Wichian Khamcharoen a.k.a. Lop Burirat Performing arts 2005 Suphachai Jansuwan Performing arts 2005 Manop Yarana Performing arts 2005 Samran Kerdpon Performing arts Year Name Discipline Source(s) 2006 Manee Payomyong Literature 2006 Rawi Bhavilai Literature 2006 Kiettisak Chanonnart Visual arts 2006 Nonthiwan Chantanaphalin Visual arts 2006 Decha Boonkham Applied arts 2006 Somthavil Urassayanan Applied arts 2006 Kiettipong Kanchanaphee Performing arts (international music) 2006 Kalong Peunghongkham Performing art (Thai music) 2006 Suchart Subsin Performing art (Thai dance) 2007 Decha Warachun Visual arts 2007 Yanyong Olarachin Visual arts 2007 Krisda Arunvongse na Ayudhya Visual arts 2007 Charn Buabangsorn Performing arts (Thai music) 2007 Nakarin Chathong Performing arts 2007 Kovit Anakechai Literature 2008 Adul Jantrasak Literature 2008 Ithipol Thangchalok Fine arts 2008 Thanadsri Svastivatana Performing arts 2008 Sorapong Chatree Performing arts 2008 Prasit Pinkaew Performing arts 2008 Viraphan Voklang Performing arts 2008 Siri Witchawet Performing arts 2009 Preecha Thaothong Visual arts (painting) 2009 Ong-ard Satrabhandhu Visual arts (contemporary architecture) 2009 Penpan Sittitrai Visual arts (carving) 2009 Woranan Chatchawaltipakorn Visual arts (photography) 2009 Seksan Prasertkul Literature 2009 Jatuporn Rattanawaraha Performing arts (dramatic arts – khon) 2009 Uthai Kaewla-iad Performing arts (Thai music) 2009 Manthana Morakul Performing arts (Thai music – singing) 2009 Prayong Chuenyen Performing arts (Thai music – composition) 2010s Year Name Discipline Source(s) 2010 Thongchai Rakpathum Visual arts (painting) 2010 Phao Suwansaksri Visual arts (Thai architecture) 2010 Pranom Tapang Visual arts (traditional weaving) 2010 Sombat Plainoi Literature (short story) 2010 Surachai Chantimatorn Literature (short story, non-fiction, poetry) 2010 Kuan Tuanyok Performing arts (Thai music) 2010 Choochart Pitaksakorn Performing arts (international music) 2010 Pissamai Vilaisak Performing arts (movie and drama) 2010 Suprawat Pattamasoot Performing arts (movie and drama director and performer) 2011 Chalermchai Kositpipat Visual arts (painting) 2011 Mathar Bunnag Applied arts (architecture) 2011 Tongreung Eamaot Visual arts (sculpture) 2011 Ratna Phuangprayong Performing arts (Thai dance) 2011 Nakhon Thanomsap Performing arts (international and Thai music) 2011 Setha Sirichaya Performing arts (international and Thai music) 2011 Sodsai Pantoomkomol Performing arts (drama) 2011 Prabhassorn Sevikul Literature 2011 Suchart Sawasdsri Literature 2012 Thatsani Khun Thong Performing arts (Thai music and dance) 2012 Khlaonoi Rotchanamethakun Performing arts (Film and drama) 2012 Phan Tho Wichit Performing arts (international music) 2012 Sano Luangsunthon Performing arts (Thai music) 2012 Manat Pitisan Performing arts (international music) 2012 Somsuan Phromsawang Performing arts (Thai music) 2012 Dokdin Kanyamarn Performing arts (film) 2012 Buason Thanombun Performing arts (Thai music and dance) 2012 Makut Araruedi Literature 2012 Wimon Siriphaibun Literature 2012 Nongchanai Prinyathawat Literature 2012 Aree Suttiphan Visual arts (painting) Year Name Discipline Source(s) 2012 Wichok Mukdamni Visual arts (mixed media) 2012 Satsatrachan Khemrat Visual arts (sculpture) 2013 Chaloem Muangphraesi Performing arts (Thai music) 2013 Chalong Pakdeevijit Performing arts (film & television - director & executive producer) 2013 Yuenyong Opakul Performing arts (international and Thai music) 2013 Nitya Rakkaen Performing arts (Thai music) 2013 Charoen Malarot Literature 2013 Win Lyovarin Literature 2013 Ramphaiphan Suwannasan Literature 2013 Thiraphon Niyom Applied arts (architecture) 2013 Chuang Munphinit Visual arts (painting) 2014 Patravadi Meechuton Performing arts (drama) 2014 Sa-Ard Piempongsan Performing arts (film) 2014 Pongsak Chantaruka Performing arts (Thai music) 2014 Sirichaichan Fakjamroon Performing arts (Thai music) 2014 Dusadee Boonthasanakul Performing arts (international music) 2014 Narong Chanphum Performing arts (puppetry) 2014 Panya Vijinthanasarn Visual arts (sculpture) 2014 Chavalit Soemprungsuk Visual arts (painting) 2014 Chamaiporn Bangkombang Literature 2014 Nij Hincheeranan Applied arts (architecture) 2014 Charun Angsavanond Applied arts (interior design) 2014 Boonchuay Hiranwit Applied arts (silversmithing) 2015 2016 Sombat Metanee Performing arts (film) 2016 Thanis Sriklindee Performing arts (international music) 2017 2018 Petchara Chaowarat Performing arts 2018 Wiroj Weerawattananon Performing arts 2018 Kan Chaowapong Performing arts 2018 Sukhon Pornpiroon Performing arts 2018 Prapas Cholsaranon Performing arts 2018 Somsuk Kanjaruk Performing arts 2018 Shin Prasong Visual arts 2018 Parin Tantisuk Visual arts 2018 Kampun Srisai Visual arts 2018 Kongsak Yutavesi Visual arts 2018 Chamlong Fangcholjit Literature 2018 Saneh Sangsuk Literature 2021 Sala Khunnawut Performing arts 2022 Thongchai McIntyre Performing arts 2022 Somtow Sucharitkul Performing arts See also Cinema of Thailand Culture of Thailand Dance of Thailand Music of Thailand S.E.A. Write Award Silpathorn Award References ^ a b c "Guidelines for the Establishment of Living Human Treasures Systems" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2020. ^ "National artist Suchart loses title over protest support". Bangkok Post. 21 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "12 named as national artists for 2014". Bangkok Post. 20 January 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2020. ^ a b c Nine honoured as National Artists Archived 2007-05-29 at the Wayback Machine, The Nation, 9 February 2007 ^ "'Panomtian,' author of adventures and longest Thai epic, dies at 88". Coconuts Bangkok. 21 April 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020. ^ "ศิลปินแห่งชาติ กรมส่งเสริมวัฒนธรรม". Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2021. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ CULTURAL AWARDS: Ministry names this year’s national artists Archived 2007-05-27 at the Wayback Machine, The Nation, 25 November 2003. ^ "National artist "Lop Burirat" dies at 81". Bangkok Post. 11 December 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2020. ^ Ministry names Kingdom's top artists Archived 2012-02-20 at the Wayback Machine, Daily Xpress, 20 January 2009. ^ "Nine named national artists for 2009". Bangkok Post. 7 January 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2020. ^ Permanent Secretary for Culture Announced the Result for the National Artist Selection 2010 Archived 2 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Ministry of Culture, 23 February 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ "Chalong Pakdeevijit". IMDb. ^ "Famed Thai painter, artist dies of COVID-19 in Amsterdam". Coconuts Bangkok. 28 April 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020. ^ "ศิลปินแห่งชาติ กรมส่งเสริมวัฒนธรรม". Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2021. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Itthipongmaetee, Chayanit (22 February 2019). "'MISS HONEY EYES,' GOLDEN AGE SCREEN ICON, NAMED NATIONAL ARTIST". Khaosod English. Retrieved 26 June 2020. ^ "กวช.แถลงผลการคัดเลือกศิลปินแห่งชาติ พุทธศักราช ๒๕๖๔". กรมส่งเสริมวัฒนธรรม กระทรวงวัฒนธรรม. 27 April 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022. ^ "Thai pop singer 'Bird' named as national artist". Bangkokpost. 24 August 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2023. ^ "'เบิร์ด ธงไชย-สมเถา สุจริตกุล' คว้าศิลปินแห่งชาติ สาขาศิลปะการแสดง". มติชน. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023. External links Official website Archived 26 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine (in Thai)
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[]
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Retrieved 26 June 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.khaosodenglish.com/featured/2019/02/22/miss-honey-eyes-golden-age-screen-icon-named-national-artist/","url_text":"\"'MISS HONEY EYES,' GOLDEN AGE SCREEN ICON, NAMED NATIONAL ARTIST\""}]},{"reference":"\"กวช.แถลงผลการคัดเลือกศิลปินแห่งชาติ พุทธศักราช ๒๕๖๔\". กรมส่งเสริมวัฒนธรรม กระทรวงวัฒนธรรม. 27 April 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.culture.go.th/culture_th/ewt_news.php?nid=6395","url_text":"\"กวช.แถลงผลการคัดเลือกศิลปินแห่งชาติ พุทธศักราช ๒๕๖๔\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"กรมส่งเสริมวัฒนธรรม"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1_(%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2)&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"กระทรวงวัฒนธรรม"}]},{"reference":"\"Thai pop singer 'Bird' named as national artist\". Bangkokpost. 24 August 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bangkokpost.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/2634726#:~:text=Singer%20Thongchai%20%22Bird%22%20McIntyre%20has,popular%20soap%20operas%20and%20movies.","url_text":"\"Thai pop singer 'Bird' named as national artist\""}]},{"reference":"\"'เบิร์ด ธงไชย-สมเถา สุจริตกุล' คว้าศิลปินแห่งชาติ สาขาศิลปะการแสดง\". มติชน. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.matichon.co.th/news-monitor/news_4143775","url_text":"\"'เบิร์ด ธงไชย-สมเถา สุจริตกุล' คว้าศิลปินแห่งชาติ สาขาศิลปะการแสดง\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"มติชน"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Marley_%26_the_Wailers
Bob Marley and the Wailers
["1 History","1.1 Early years","1.2 Signing to Island Records","1.3 Tosh and Livingston departure and I-Threes","1.4 Later years","1.5 Legacy","2 Band members","3 Discography","4 Tours","5 See also","6 References","7 Further reading","8 External links"]
Jamaican reggae band "The Wailers" redirects here. For other uses, see The Wailers (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Bob Marley and the Wailers" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Bob Marley and the WailersBob Marley and the Wailers performing in 1980Background informationAlso known asBob Marley & the WailersThe TeenagersThe Wailing RudeboysThe Wailing WailersThe WailersOriginKingston, JamaicaGenresRoots reggaeskarocksteadyR&BDiscographyBob Marley and the Wailers discographyYears active1963–1981LabelsStudio OneWail'n Soul'mTuff GongBeverley'sUpsetterIslandJADSpinoffsWord, Sound and PowerThe Wailers BandThe Original WailersSpinoff ofThe UpsettersPast members Bob Marley Peter Tosh Bunny Wailer Junior Braithwaite Cherry Smith Beverley Kelso Constantine "Vision" Walker Aston "Family Man" Barrett Carlton Barrett Earl Lindo Tyrone Downie Rita Marley Marcia Griffiths Judy Mowatt Al Anderson Seeco Patterson Earl "Chinna" Smith Donald Kinsey Junior Marvin Nathaniel Ian Wynter Websitebobmarley.com Bob Marley and the Wailers (previously known as The Wailers and prior to that The Wailing Rudeboys, The Wailing Wailers and The Teenagers) were a Jamaican ska, rocksteady and reggae band. The founding members, in 1963, were Bob Marley (Robert Nesta Marley), Peter Tosh (Winston Hubert McIntosh), and Bunny Wailer (Neville Livingston). During 1970 and 1971, Wailer, Marley and Tosh worked with renowned reggae producers Leslie Kong and Lee "Scratch" Perry. Before signing to Island Records in 1972, the band released four albums. Two additional albums were produced before Tosh and Wailer departed from the band in 1974, citing dissatisfaction with their treatment by the label and ideological disagreements. Marley continued with a new lineup, which included the I-Threes, and went on to release seven more albums. Marley passed away from cancer in 1981, at which point the group disbanded. The Wailers were a groundbreaking ska and reggae group, noted for songs such as "Simmer Down", "Trenchtown Rock", "Nice Time", "War", "Stir It Up" and "Get Up, Stand Up". History See also: Bob Marley Early years The band formed in 1963 following self-taught musician Peter Tosh (1944–1987) meeting the singers Bunny Wailer (1947–2021) and Bob Marley (1945–1981). They developed a ska vocal group called The Teenagers. The group soon changed their name to The Wailing Rudeboys and then to The Wailing Wailers before settling on The Wailers. The band topped the Jamaican charts in 1964 with "Simmer Down", which was recorded at Studio One with the rhythm section from the studio house band The Skatalites. "Simmer Down" was a message to the Jamaican rude boys to "simmer down, oh cool your temper" and became an overnight hit. The record played an essential role in changing the musical agenda in Jamaica from imitating foreign artists, to capturing the lives and spirit of Jamaica. Wailer, Marley and Tosh recorded with Lee "Scratch" Perry and his studio band the Upsetters. They also worked with renowned reggae producer Leslie Kong, who used his studio musicians, called Beverley's All-Stars (Jackie Jackson, Paul Douglas, Gladstone Anderson, Winston Wright, Rad Bryan, Hux Brown) to record the songs that would be released as an album titled The Best of The Wailers. By late 1963, singers Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, and Cherry Smith had joined the group. The line-up consisted of Braithwaite on vocals, Marley on guitar, Tosh on keyboard, Wailer on percussion, with Smith and or Kelso on backing vocals. Kelso remembered those early recordings fondly: After we rehearsed, under this big mango tree on Second Street in Trench Town, the next morning, I think it was in late 1963, we went to Studio 1 and recorded Simmer Down and some other songs. It was Peter, Bunny, Junior, Bob, and me. I will never forget. Sid Bucknor was the engineer, and Coxsone was also there along with Roland and Jackie Mittoo. We recorded Simmer Down about 10 times, probably because Dodd wanted to get the best cut, she said. In 1965, Kelso left the band. Marley, Tosh, Wailer and Braithwaite took turns on lead vocals. Braithwaite left shortly after providing lead vocals for the single "It Hurts to be Alone", leaving the band consisting of the trio of Wailer, Marley and Tosh. The band's first full-length album, The Wailing Wailers, was released the same year, a compilation of tracks recorded at different times. In 1966, they created a rocksteady record label Wail N Soul M. Constantine "Dream" Walker provided backing vocals from 1966 to 1967. In May 1970, the band recorded with renowned reggae producer Leslie Kong; producing The Best of the Wailers, which they released later in 1971 as their fourth album. Over the rest of 1970 and 1971, the band worked with Lee 'Scratch' Perry, producing the bands second and third albums, Soul Rebels (1970) and Soul Revolution Part II (1971). During this time, the Upsetters members Aston "Family Man" Barrett (bass) and his brother Carlton Barrett (drums) were recruited as instrumental backing for The Wailers. Signing to Island Records In 1972, while in London, the Wailers asked their road manager Brent Clarke to introduce them to Chris Blackwell, who had licensed some of their Coxsone releases for his Island Records. The Wailers felt they were due royalties from these releases. Blackwell was not convinced, but he was impressed by their character. He thought they "exuded power and self-possession" despite being poor. Despite not having seen the band perform live, he advanced them £4,000 to record an album. He did not even require them to sign anything, feeling they deserved a break. Jimmy Cliff, Island's top reggae star, had recently left the label. His departure may have primed Blackwell to find a replacement. In Marley, Blackwell recognized the elements needed to snare the rock audience: "I was dealing with rock music, which was really rebel music. I felt that would really be the way to break Jamaican music. But you needed someone who could be that image. When Bob walked in, he really was that image." The Wailers returned to Jamaica to record at Harry J's in Kingston, which resulted in the foundational tracks what would make up the album Catch a Fire. Primarily recorded on an eight-track, Catch a Fire marked the first time a reggae band had access to a state-of-the-art studio and were accorded the same care as their rock 'n' roll peers. The tracks were taken to Island Studios in London and worked on by Blackwell, with Marley supervising. Blackwell desired the tracks to appeal to rock audiences in the United Kingdom and United States, to whom the band would be novel. To this end, he made the tracks sound "more of a drifting, hypnotic-type feel than a reggae rhythm". He restructured Marley's mixes and arrangements. The tracks were overdubbed with the help of Wayne Perkins on guitar and John “Rabbit” Bundrick on keyboard. The mix deviated from the bass-heavy sound of Jamaican music, and two tracks were omitted. The album released in April 1973, closely followed by Burnin' in October 1973. Tosh and Livingston departure and I-Threes The I-Threes from left to right: Judy Mowatt, Rita Marley, and Marcia GriffithsIn 1974, Livingston left the band due to various disagreements with Blackwell, including not getting paid for the English leg of their Burnin' tour, and his refusal to play in the "freak clubs" that Island had booked the band. Tosh believed that producer Blackwell, whom he unfavorably called "Chris Whiteworst", was responsible for the bad relationship between the band members. He thought Blackwell favored Marley over the rest of the band, giving him more attention and money, and with the decision to release their albums under the name "Bob Marley and the Wailers" instead of "The Wailers". Marley continued with a new line-up, which included the Aston Barrett (bass), Carlton Barrett (drums), Junior Marvin (lead guitar), Al Anderson (lead guitar), Tyrone Downie (keyboards), Earl "Wya" Lindo (keyboards), and Alvin "Seeco" Patterson on percussion. Additionally, the I-Threes provided female backing vocals. The three I-Three members were Marley's wife Rita Marley, Judy Mowatt and Marcia Griffiths. Their name is a spin on the Rastafarian "I and I" concept of the Godhead within each person. The album Natty Dread was released in 1974, the first without Tosh and Livingston and with the I-Threes. Perry released two compilation albums for Trojan Records in 1974, Rasta Revolution and African Herbsman, which contained songs from Soul Rebels and Soul Revolution Part II, respectively, and he was the copyright holder of several songs from these albums. These changes caused a major dispute between Marley and Perry, when the former saw the albums, six months after their publication, in the Half Way Road in England. One of the last performances that included Marley was in 1980 at Madison Square Garden. His final live show was performed at the Stanley Theater in Pittsburgh. Marley died in a Miami hospital in 1981. Later years The music of Marley, Tosh and Wailer enjoyed considerable success as reggae music continued to gain popularity during 1980s. Carlton Barrett and Tosh died (both murdered) in 1987. The Wailers Band was formed by Aston Barrett in 1989. Braithwaite was murdered in 1999. The Original Wailers was formed by Anderson and Marvin in 2008, Cherry Smith died in 2008. Earl Lindo died in 2017. Alvin "Seeco" Patterson died in 2021. Bunny Wailer (Livingston) died in 2021. Keyboardist Tyrone Downie died in 2022. Aston Barrett died in February 2024. Donald Kinsey died in February 2024, on Bob Marley's birthday, February 6, three days after the loss of Aston Barrett. Beverley Kelso and Constantine Walker are the last surviving members of the group's line-ups. Legacy In 2001, Catch a Fire was reissued as a double album, with the first part being the previously unreleased 'Jamaican' versions of the song without Blackwell's overdubs and the second part being the album as it was released in 1972. In March 2013, an overview of most of the music made by The Wailers prior to their signing to Island Records was published by the Roots Reggae Library. Band members Main article: List of Bob Marley and the Wailers band members Bob Marley – rhythm guitar, lead vocals (1963–1981; died 1981) Peter Tosh – lead guitar, keyboard, vocals (1963–1974; died 1987) Bunny Wailer – percussion, vocals (1963–1974; died 2021) Cherry Smith – backing vocals (1963–1966; died 2008) Beverley Kelso – backing vocals (1963–1965) Junior Braithwaite – vocals (1963–1964; died 1999) Constantine "Vision" Walker – backing vocals (1966–1967) Aston "Family Man" Barrett – bass (1970–1981; died 2024) Carlton Barrett – drums, percussion (1970–1981; died 1987) Earl Lindo – keyboards (1973, 1978–1981; died 2017) Tyrone Downie – keyboards, percussion, backing vocals (1974–1981; died 2022) Rita Marley – backing vocals (1974–1981) Marcia Griffiths – backing vocals (1974–1981) Judy Mowatt – backing vocals (1974–1981) Al Anderson – guitar (1974–1975, 1978–1981) Seeco Patterson – percussion (1975–1981; died 2021) Earl "Chinna" Smith – guitar (1975–1976) Donald Kinsey – guitar (1975–1976, died 2024) Junior Marvin – guitar, backing vocals (1977–1981) Discography Main article: Bob Marley and the Wailers discography "Simmer Down" A sample of the band's 1964 single "Simmer Down". Problems playing this file? See media help. The Wailing Wailers (1965) The Best of the Wailers (1970; released 1971) Soul Rebels (1970) Soul Revolution Part II (1971) Catch a Fire (1973) Burnin' (1973) Natty Dread (1974) Rastaman Vibration (1976) Exodus (1977) Kaya (1978) Survival (1979) Uprising (1980) Confrontation (1983) Tours Apr–Jul 1973: Catch a Fire Tour (England, USA) Oct–Nov 1973: Burnin' Tour (USA, England) Jun–Jul 1975: Natty Dread Tour (USA, Canada, England) Apr–Jul 1976: Rastaman Vibration Tour (USA, Canada, Germany, Sweden, Netherlands, France, England, Wales) May–Jun 1977: Exodus Tour (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, England) May–Aug 1978: Kaya Tour (USA, Canada, England, France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium) Apr–May 1979: Babylon by Bus Tour (Japan, New Zealand, Australia, Hawaii) Oct 1979 – Jan 1980: Survival Tour (USA, Canada, Trinidad/Tobago, Bahamas, Gabon, Zimbabwe) May–Sep 1980: Uprising Tour (Switzerland, Germany, France, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Ireland, England, Scotland, Wales, USA) See also Jamaica portal The Upsetters Word, Sound and Power The Wailers Band The Original Wailers References ^ Grant, Colin (2011). I & I: the natural mystics: Marley, Tosh and Wailer. London: Jonathan Cape. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-224-08608-0. OCLC 660519260. ^ "Bob Marley | Biography, Songs, Albums, Death, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 11 December 2022. ^ Moskowitz, David V. (2007). "Rebel Music, 1970–1975." The Words and Music of Bob Marley. Westport, Connecticut, United States: Praeger. p. 23. ISBN 9780275989354. ^ Bob Marley and the Wailers – From ‘Scratch’ to Coxsone to Island ^ a b Vibes, Mr T. at Reggae (27 May 2016). "The Wailers - The Wailing Wailers". Reggae Vibes. Retrieved 27 June 2022. ^ "Wail'n Soul'm". Rate Your Music. Retrieved 5 August 2017. ^ Lee Scratch Perry Interview, New Musical Express, 17 November 1984 ^ Campbell, Howard (22 March 2011). "Bunny Wailer sets the record straight". The Gleaner. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2013. ^ a b Morley, Chris Blackwell and Paul (29 May 2022). "'Fuck, This Is the Real Thing': Chris Blackwell Remembers Making Bob Marley's 'Catch a Fire'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 27 June 2022. ^ a b c d Hagerman, Brent (February 2005). "Chris Blackwell: Savvy Svengali". Exclaim.ca. Retrieved 29 December 2010. ^ a b c "Bob Marley and the Wailers: Catch a Fire / Burnin', PopMatters". PopMatters. 11 June 2001. Retrieved 27 June 2022. ^ Williams, Richard. Catch a Fire. Catch a Fire (Liner notes) (2001 reissue ed.). ^ Harris, Craig. "Biography: I-Threes". Allmusic. Retrieved 24 July 2010. ^ Timothy White (2 May 2006). Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley. Henry Holt. pp. 222–223. ISBN 9780805080865. Retrieved 17 May 2012. ^ Timothy White (2 May 2006). Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley. Henry Holt. p. 224. ISBN 9780805080865. Retrieved 17 May 2012. ^ "The Tragic Case of Carlton Barrett". LEGENDARY REGGAE. 8 September 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2024. ^ "Remembering Peter Tosh on 9/11". jamaica-gleaner.com. 11 September 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2024. ^ Katz, David (23 June 1999). "Junior Braithwaite". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 February 2024. ^ Isger, Sonja (12 October 2008). "Ermine Cherry Dempsey-Barker, former member of the Wailers, dies". The Palm Beach Post. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2018. ^ "Local News: West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County, Martin & St. Lucie Counties | the Palm Beach Post". Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2008. ^ "Earl "Wyaa" Lindo dies at 64". IrieFm.net. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017. ^ "Wailer Seeco Patterson dead at 90". 3 November 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2024. ^ "Bunny Wailer, reggae luminary and founder of The Wailers, has died at 73". www.cbsnews.com. 3 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021. ^ "Tyrone Downie dies in Jamaica". The Gleaner. Retrieved 7 November 2022. ^ "Aston 'Family Man' Barrett, Bassist and Rhythmic Backbone of Bob Marley & The Wailers, Dead at 77". Rolling Stone. 3 February 2024. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024. ^ Piner, Chros. "Bob Marley and The Wailers Guitarist Donald Kinsey Passes Away 3 Days After Fellow Band Member's Death". American Songwriter. Retrieved 21 February 2024. ^ de Vries, Anton E. (2013). "The Wailers". roots-reggae-library.com. Retrieved 8 January 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) Further reading White, Timothy "Catch A Fire: The Life of Bob Marley" (1983). St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0-8050-8086-5 Masouri, John (2007) Wailing Blues: The Story of Bob Marley's "Wailers" Wise Publications ISBN 1-84609-689-8 Farley, Christopher (2007). Before the Legend: The Rise of Bob Marley, Amistad Press ISBN 0-06-053992-5 Goldman, Vivien (2007) The Book of Exodus: The Making and Meaning of Bob Marley and the Wailers' Album of the Century Three Rivers Press ISBN 1-4000-5286-6 Colin Grant (2011) The Natural Mystics : Marley, Tosh, Wailer, Jonathan Cape 978-0-224-08608-0 (U.K.), W.W. Norton & Company ISBN 978-0-393-08117-6 (U.S.) External links Wikiquote has quotations related to Bob Marley. Official website 45cat Bob Marley discography www.MusicGonnaTeach.com – The Wailers (Bob, Peter & Bunny) Bob Marley & The Wailers at IMDb vteBob Marley and the Wailers Bob Marley Peter Tosh Bunny Wailer Other vocalists: Junior Braithwaite Cherry Smith Beverley Kelso Constantine "Vision" Walker Rita Marley Marcia Griffiths Judy Mowatt Musicians: Aston "Family Man" Barrett Carlton Barrett Earl Lindo Tyrone Downie Alvin "Seeco" Patterson Al Anderson Earl "Chinna" Smith Donald Kinsey Junior Marvin Studio albums The Wailing Wailers (1965) Soul Rebels (1970) Soul Revolution Part II (1971) The Best of the Wailers (1971) Catch a Fire (1973) Burnin' (1973) Natty Dread (1974) Rastaman Vibration (1976) Exodus (1977) Kaya (1978) Survival (1979) Uprising (1980) Confrontation (1983) Compilations African Herbsman (1973) Rasta Revolution (1974) Legend (1984) Rebel Music (1986) Natural Mystic: The Legend Lives On (1995) 21 Winners: The Best of Bob Marley and the Wailers (1997) One Love: The Very Best of Bob Marley & The Wailers (2001) Gold (2005) Africa Unite: The Singles Collection (2005) Live albums Live! (1975) Babylon by Bus (1978) Talkin' Blues (1991) Live at the Roxy (2003) Live Forever: September 23, 1980 • Stanley Theatre • Pittsburgh, PA (2011) Easy Skanking in Boston '78 (2015) Remix albums Chances Are (1981) Chant Down Babylon (1999) B Is for Bob (2009) Box sets Songs of Freedom (1992) The Complete Bob Marley & the Wailers 1967–1972 (1997–2002) Singles "Judge Not" "Simmer Down" "Guava Jelly" "Stir It Up" "Get Up, Stand Up" "I Shot the Sheriff" "No Woman, No Cry (Live '75)" "Jah Live" "Exodus" "Waiting in Vain" "Jamming"/"Punky Reggae Party" "Is This Love" "Satisfy My Soul" "So Much Trouble in the World" "Could You Be Loved" "Redemption Song" "Three Little Birds" "Forever Loving Jah" "Buffalo Soldier" "One Love/People Get Ready" "Iron Lion Zion" "Sun Is Shining" "Turn Your Lights Down Low" "Slogans" "Is This Love" Other songs "One Love" "Rude Boy" "Mr Brown" "Small Axe" "No Woman, No Cry" "Turn Your Lights Down Low" "Sun Is Shining" "One Drop" "War" "Hammer" Performances Smile Jamaica Concert (1976) Exodus Tour (1977) One Love Peace Concert (1978) Uprising Tour (1980) Associated acts The Skatalites The Upsetters Word, Sound and Power The Wailers Band The Original Wailers Related people Chris Blackwell Errol Brown Allan Cole Coxsone Dodd Vincent Ford Neville Garrick Joe Higgs Lee Jaffe Arthur Jenkins King Sporty Leslie Kong Johnny Nash Jimmy Norman Lee "Scratch" Perry Mortimer Planno Karl Pitterson Alex Sadkin Related articles Discography Band members Outline of Bob Marley 1976 assassination attempt Marley Natural Upsetter Records Tuff Gong Bob Marley Museum Statue of Bob Marley Tribute to the Legend: Bob Marley Marley soundtrack Hall of Fame: A Tribute to Bob Marley's 50th Anniversary Time Will Tell: A Tribute to Bob Marley One Love: The Bob Marley Musical Get Up, Stand Up! The Bob Marley Musical Bob Marley: One Love Category vteBunny WailerStudio albums Blackheart Man (1976) Protest (1977) Rule Dance Hall (1987) Liberation (1989) Time Will Tell: A Tribute to Bob Marley (1990) Gumption (1990) Hall of Fame: A Tribute to Bob Marley's 50th Anniversary (1995) Compilations Crucial! Roots Classics (1994) Retrospective (1995) Related articles Bob Marley and the Wailers Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF National Israel United States Artists MusicBrainz
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Wailers (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wailers_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"reggae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggae"},{"link_name":"Bob Marley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Marley"},{"link_name":"Peter Tosh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Tosh"},{"link_name":"Bunny Wailer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunny_Wailer"},{"link_name":"reggae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggae"},{"link_name":"Leslie Kong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Kong"},{"link_name":"Lee \"Scratch\" Perry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_%22Scratch%22_Perry"},{"link_name":"Island Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Records"},{"link_name":"War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_(Bob_Marley_song)"},{"link_name":"Stir It Up","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stir_It_Up"},{"link_name":"Get Up, Stand Up","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get_Up,_Stand_Up"}],"text":"\"The Wailers\" redirects here. For other uses, see The Wailers (disambiguation).Bob Marley and the Wailers (previously known as The Wailers and prior to that The Wailing Rudeboys, The Wailing Wailers and The Teenagers) were a Jamaican ska, rocksteady and reggae band. The founding members, in 1963, were Bob Marley (Robert Nesta Marley), Peter Tosh (Winston Hubert McIntosh), and Bunny Wailer (Neville Livingston).During 1970 and 1971, Wailer, Marley and Tosh worked with renowned reggae producers Leslie Kong and Lee \"Scratch\" Perry.Before signing to Island Records in 1972, the band released four albums. Two additional albums were produced before Tosh and Wailer departed from the band in 1974, citing dissatisfaction with their treatment by the label and ideological disagreements. Marley continued with a new lineup, which included the I-Threes, and went on to release seven more albums. Marley passed away from cancer in 1981, at which point the group disbanded.The Wailers were a groundbreaking ska and reggae group, noted for songs such as \"Simmer Down\", \"Trenchtown Rock\", \"Nice Time\", \"War\", \"Stir It Up\" and \"Get Up, Stand Up\".","title":"Bob Marley and the Wailers"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bob Marley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Marley"}],"text":"See also: Bob Marley","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Peter Tosh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Tosh"},{"link_name":"Bunny Wailer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunny_Wailer"},{"link_name":"Bob Marley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Marley"},{"link_name":"ska","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Simmer Down","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simmer_Down"},{"link_name":"The Skatalites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Skatalites"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Lee \"Scratch\" Perry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_%22Scratch%22_Perry"},{"link_name":"the Upsetters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Upsetters"},{"link_name":"reggae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggae"},{"link_name":"Leslie Kong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Kong"},{"link_name":"Jackie Jackson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Jackson_(bassist)"},{"link_name":"Paul Douglas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Douglas_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Gladstone Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladstone_Anderson"},{"link_name":"Winston Wright","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Wright"},{"link_name":"Hux Brown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hux_Brown"},{"link_name":"The Best of The Wailers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Best_of_The_Wailers"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Junior Braithwaite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Braithwaite"},{"link_name":"Beverley Kelso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverley_Kelso"},{"link_name":"Cherry Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Smith"},{"link_name":"Braithwaite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Braithwaite"},{"link_name":"Marley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Marley"},{"link_name":"Tosh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Tosh"},{"link_name":"Wailer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunny_Wailer"},{"link_name":"Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Smith"},{"link_name":"Kelso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverley_Kelso"},{"link_name":"Coxsone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsone_Dodd"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-5"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-5"},{"link_name":"The Wailing Wailers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wailing_Wailers"},{"link_name":"rocksteady","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocksteady"},{"link_name":"record label","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_label"},{"link_name":"Wail N Soul M","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wail_N_Soul_M"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rym-6"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"reggae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggae"},{"link_name":"Leslie Kong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Kong"},{"link_name":"The Best of the Wailers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Best_of_the_Wailers"},{"link_name":"Soul Rebels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_Rebels"},{"link_name":"Soul Revolution Part II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_Revolution_Part_II"},{"link_name":"Upsetters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Upsetters"},{"link_name":"Aston \"Family Man\" Barrett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_%22Family_Man%22_Barrett"},{"link_name":"Carlton Barrett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlton_Barrett"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Early years","text":"The band formed in 1963 following self-taught musician Peter Tosh (1944–1987) meeting the singers Bunny Wailer (1947–2021) and Bob Marley (1945–1981). They developed a ska vocal group called The Teenagers. The group soon changed their name to The Wailing Rudeboys and then to The Wailing Wailers before settling on The Wailers.[1]The band topped the Jamaican charts in 1964 with \"Simmer Down\", which was recorded at Studio One with the rhythm section from the studio house band The Skatalites. \"Simmer Down\" was a message to the Jamaican rude boys to \"simmer down, oh cool your temper\" and became an overnight hit. The record played an essential role in changing the musical agenda in Jamaica from imitating foreign artists, to capturing the lives and spirit of Jamaica.[2]Wailer, Marley and Tosh recorded with Lee \"Scratch\" Perry and his studio band the Upsetters. They also worked with renowned reggae producer Leslie Kong, who used his studio musicians, called Beverley's All-Stars (Jackie Jackson, Paul Douglas, Gladstone Anderson, Winston Wright, Rad Bryan, Hux Brown) to record the songs that would be released as an album titled The Best of The Wailers.[3]By late 1963, singers Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, and Cherry Smith had joined the group. The line-up consisted of Braithwaite on vocals, Marley on guitar, Tosh on keyboard, Wailer on percussion, with Smith and or Kelso on backing vocals. Kelso remembered those early recordings fondly:After we rehearsed, under this big mango tree on Second Street in Trench Town, the next morning, I think it was in late 1963, we went to Studio 1 and recorded Simmer Down and some other songs. It was Peter, Bunny, Junior, Bob, and me. I will never forget. Sid Bucknor was the engineer, and Coxsone was also there along with Roland and Jackie Mittoo. We recorded Simmer Down about 10 times, probably because Dodd wanted to get the best cut, she said.[4]In 1965, Kelso left the band. Marley, Tosh, Wailer and Braithwaite took turns on lead vocals.[5] Braithwaite left shortly after providing lead vocals for the single \"It Hurts to be Alone\", leaving the band consisting of the trio of Wailer, Marley and Tosh.[5] The band's first full-length album, The Wailing Wailers, was released the same year, a compilation of tracks recorded at different times.In 1966, they created a rocksteady record label Wail N Soul M.[6] Constantine \"Dream\" Walker provided backing vocals from 1966 to 1967.[citation needed]In May 1970, the band recorded with renowned reggae producer Leslie Kong; producing The Best of the Wailers, which they released later in 1971 as their fourth album. Over the rest of 1970 and 1971, the band worked with Lee 'Scratch' Perry, producing the bands second and third albums, Soul Rebels (1970) and Soul Revolution Part II (1971). During this time, the Upsetters members Aston \"Family Man\" Barrett (bass) and his brother Carlton Barrett (drums)[7] were recruited as instrumental backing for The Wailers.[citation needed]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chris Blackwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Blackwell"},{"link_name":"Coxsone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxsone_Dodd"},{"link_name":"Island Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Records"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-9"},{"link_name":"Jimmy Cliff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Cliff"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-savvy-10"},{"link_name":"Catch a Fire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch_a_Fire"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-savvy-10"},{"link_name":"Island Studios","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarm_West_Studios"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-11"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-9"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Wayne Perkins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Perkins"},{"link_name":"John “Rabbit” Bundrick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bundrick"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-11"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-savvy-10"},{"link_name":"Burnin'","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnin%27_(Bob_Marley_and_the_Wailers_album)"}],"sub_title":"Signing to Island Records","text":"In 1972, while in London, the Wailers asked their road manager Brent Clarke to introduce them to Chris Blackwell, who had licensed some of their Coxsone releases for his Island Records. The Wailers felt they were due royalties from these releases. Blackwell was not convinced, but he was impressed by their character. He thought they \"exuded power and self-possession\" despite being poor. Despite not having seen the band perform live, he advanced them £4,000 to record an album. He did not even require them to sign anything, feeling they deserved a break.[8][9] Jimmy Cliff, Island's top reggae star, had recently left the label. His departure may have primed Blackwell to find a replacement. In Marley, Blackwell recognized the elements needed to snare the rock audience: \"I was dealing with rock music, which was really rebel music. I felt that would really be the way to break Jamaican music. But you needed someone who could be that image. When Bob walked in, he really was that image.\"[10] The Wailers returned to Jamaica to record at Harry J's in Kingston, which resulted in the foundational tracks what would make up the album Catch a Fire. Primarily recorded on an eight-track, Catch a Fire marked the first time a reggae band had access to a state-of-the-art studio and were accorded the same care as their rock 'n' roll peers.[10]The tracks were taken to Island Studios in London and worked on by Blackwell, with Marley supervising. Blackwell desired the tracks to appeal to rock audiences in the United Kingdom and United States, to whom the band would be novel.[11][9] To this end, he made the tracks sound \"more of a drifting, hypnotic-type feel than a reggae rhythm\".[12] He restructured Marley's mixes and arrangements. The tracks were overdubbed with the help of Wayne Perkins on guitar and John “Rabbit” Bundrick on keyboard.[11] The mix deviated from the bass-heavy sound of Jamaican music, and two tracks were omitted.[10] The album released in April 1973, closely followed by Burnin' in October 1973.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Marley_I_Threes.jpg"},{"link_name":"Blackwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Blackwell"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-savvy-10"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Junior Marvin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Marvin"},{"link_name":"Al Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Anderson_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Tyrone Downie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrone_Downie"},{"link_name":"Earl \"Wya\" Lindo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Lindo"},{"link_name":"Alvin \"Seeco\" Patterson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_%22Seeco%22_Patterson"},{"link_name":"Rita Marley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rita_Marley"},{"link_name":"Judy Mowatt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Mowatt"},{"link_name":"Marcia Griffiths","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcia_Griffiths"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Harris-13"},{"link_name":"Rastafarian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastafari_movement"},{"link_name":"I and I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyaric#I_words"},{"link_name":"Godhead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godhead_in_Christianity"},{"link_name":"Natty Dread","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natty_Dread"},{"link_name":"Trojan Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Records"},{"link_name":"Rasta Revolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasta_Revolution"},{"link_name":"African Herbsman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Herbsman"},{"link_name":"Soul Rebels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_Rebels"},{"link_name":"Soul Revolution Part II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_Revolution_Part_II"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-white222-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"sub_title":"Tosh and Livingston departure and I-Threes","text":"The I-Threes from left to right: Judy Mowatt, Rita Marley, and Marcia GriffithsIn 1974, Livingston left the band due to various disagreements with Blackwell, including not getting paid for the English leg of their Burnin' tour, and his refusal to play in the \"freak clubs\" that Island had booked the band. Tosh believed that producer Blackwell, whom he unfavorably called \"Chris Whiteworst\", was responsible for the bad relationship between the band members. He thought Blackwell favored Marley over the rest of the band, giving him more attention and money,[10] and with the decision to release their albums under the name \"Bob Marley and the Wailers\" instead of \"The Wailers\".[citation needed]Marley continued with a new line-up, which included the Aston Barrett (bass), Carlton Barrett (drums), Junior Marvin (lead guitar), Al Anderson (lead guitar), Tyrone Downie (keyboards), Earl \"Wya\" Lindo (keyboards), and Alvin \"Seeco\" Patterson on percussion. Additionally, the I-Threes provided female backing vocals. The three I-Three members were Marley's wife Rita Marley, Judy Mowatt and Marcia Griffiths.[13] Their name is a spin on the Rastafarian \"I and I\" concept of the Godhead within each person.The album Natty Dread was released in 1974, the first without Tosh and Livingston and with the I-Threes.Perry released two compilation albums for Trojan Records in 1974, Rasta Revolution and African Herbsman, which contained songs from Soul Rebels and Soul Revolution Part II, respectively, and he was the copyright holder of several songs from these albums.[14] These changes caused a major dispute between Marley and Perry, when the former saw the albums, six months after their publication, in the Half Way Road in England.[15]One of the last performances that included Marley was in 1980 at Madison Square Garden. His final live show was performed at the Stanley Theater in Pittsburgh. Marley died in a Miami hospital in 1981.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tosh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Tosh"},{"link_name":"Wailer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunny_Wailer"},{"link_name":"Carlton Barrett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlton_Barrett"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"The Wailers Band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wailers_Band"},{"link_name":"Aston Barrett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_Barrett"},{"link_name":"Braithwaite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Braithwaite"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"The Original Wailers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Original_Wailers"},{"link_name":"Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Anderson_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Marvin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Marvin"},{"link_name":"Cherry Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Smith"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"Earl Lindo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Lindo"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Alvin \"Seeco\" Patterson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_%22Seeco%22_Patterson"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Bunny Wailer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunny_Wailer"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Tyrone Downie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrone_Downie"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"Aston Barrett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_%22Family_Man%22_Barrett"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"Donald Kinsey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Kinsey"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"Beverley Kelso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverley_Kelso"},{"link_name":"Constantine Walker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_Walker"}],"sub_title":"Later years","text":"The music of Marley, Tosh and Wailer enjoyed considerable success as reggae music continued to gain popularity during 1980s.Carlton Barrett and Tosh died (both murdered) in 1987.[16][17]The Wailers Band was formed by Aston Barrett in 1989.Braithwaite was murdered in 1999.[18]The Original Wailers was formed by Anderson and Marvin in 2008, Cherry Smith died in 2008.[19][20]Earl Lindo died in 2017.[21]Alvin \"Seeco\" Patterson died in 2021.[22]Bunny Wailer (Livingston) died in 2021.[23]Keyboardist Tyrone Downie died in 2022.[24]Aston Barrett died in February 2024.[25]Donald Kinsey died in February 2024, on Bob Marley's birthday, February 6, three days after the loss of Aston Barrett.[26]Beverley Kelso and Constantine Walker are the last surviving members of the group's line-ups.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-11"},{"link_name":"Island Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Records"},{"link_name":"Roots Reggae Library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roots_Reggae_Library"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"}],"sub_title":"Legacy","text":"In 2001, Catch a Fire was reissued as a double album, with the first part being the previously unreleased 'Jamaican' versions of the song without Blackwell's overdubs and the second part being the album as it was released in 1972.[11]In March 2013, an overview of most of the music made by The Wailers prior to their signing to Island Records was published by the Roots Reggae Library.[27]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bob Marley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Marley"},{"link_name":"Peter Tosh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Tosh"},{"link_name":"Bunny Wailer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunny_Wailer"},{"link_name":"Cherry Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Smith"},{"link_name":"Beverley Kelso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverley_Kelso"},{"link_name":"Junior Braithwaite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Braithwaite"},{"link_name":"Constantine \"Vision\" Walker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_%22Vision%22_Walker"},{"link_name":"Aston \"Family Man\" Barrett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_%22Family_Man%22_Barrett"},{"link_name":"Carlton Barrett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlton_Barrett"},{"link_name":"Earl Lindo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Lindo"},{"link_name":"Tyrone Downie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrone_Downie"},{"link_name":"Rita Marley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rita_Marley"},{"link_name":"Marcia Griffiths","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcia_Griffiths"},{"link_name":"Judy Mowatt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Mowatt"},{"link_name":"Al Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Anderson_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Seeco Patterson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeco_Patterson"},{"link_name":"Earl \"Chinna\" Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_%22Chinna%22_Smith"},{"link_name":"Donald Kinsey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Kinsey"},{"link_name":"Junior Marvin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Marvin"}],"text":"Bob Marley – rhythm guitar, lead vocals (1963–1981; died 1981)\nPeter Tosh – lead guitar, keyboard, vocals (1963–1974; died 1987)\nBunny Wailer – percussion, vocals (1963–1974; died 2021)\nCherry Smith – backing vocals (1963–1966; died 2008)\nBeverley Kelso – backing vocals (1963–1965)\nJunior Braithwaite – vocals (1963–1964; died 1999)\nConstantine \"Vision\" Walker – backing vocals (1966–1967)\nAston \"Family Man\" Barrett – bass (1970–1981; died 2024)\nCarlton Barrett – drums, percussion (1970–1981; died 1987)\nEarl Lindo – keyboards (1973, 1978–1981; died 2017)\n\n\nTyrone Downie – keyboards, percussion, backing vocals (1974–1981; died 2022)\nRita Marley – backing vocals (1974–1981)\nMarcia Griffiths – backing vocals (1974–1981)\nJudy Mowatt – backing vocals (1974–1981)\nAl Anderson – guitar (1974–1975, 1978–1981)\nSeeco Patterson – percussion (1975–1981; died 2021)\nEarl \"Chinna\" Smith – guitar (1975–1976)\nDonald Kinsey – guitar (1975–1976, died 2024)\nJunior Marvin – guitar, backing vocals (1977–1981)","title":"Band members"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"Simmer Down\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Marley_%26_The_Wailers_-_Simmer_Down_(1964).ogg"},{"link_name":"Simmer Down","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simmer_Down"},{"link_name":"media help","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Media"},{"link_name":"The Wailing Wailers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wailing_Wailers"},{"link_name":"The Best of the Wailers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Best_of_the_Wailers"},{"link_name":"Soul Rebels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_Rebels"},{"link_name":"Soul Revolution Part II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_Revolution_Part_II"},{"link_name":"Catch a Fire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch_a_Fire"},{"link_name":"Burnin'","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnin%27_(Bob_Marley_and_the_Wailers_album)"},{"link_name":"Natty Dread","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natty_Dread"},{"link_name":"Rastaman Vibration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastaman_Vibration"},{"link_name":"Exodus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exodus_(Bob_Marley_and_the_Wailers_album)"},{"link_name":"Kaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaya_(album)"},{"link_name":"Survival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_(Bob_Marley_and_the_Wailers_album)"},{"link_name":"Uprising","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uprising_(Bob_Marley_and_the_Wailers_album)"},{"link_name":"Confrontation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confrontation_(Bob_Marley_and_the_Wailers_album)"}],"text":"\"Simmer Down\"\n\nA sample of the band's 1964 single \"Simmer Down\".\nProblems playing this file? See media help.The Wailing Wailers (1965)\nThe Best of the Wailers (1970; released 1971)\nSoul Rebels (1970)\nSoul Revolution Part II (1971)\nCatch a Fire (1973)\nBurnin' (1973)\nNatty Dread (1974)\nRastaman Vibration (1976)\nExodus (1977)\nKaya (1978)\nSurvival (1979)\nUprising (1980)\nConfrontation (1983)","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Exodus Tour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exodus_Tour"},{"link_name":"Uprising Tour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uprising_Tour"}],"text":"Apr–Jul 1973: Catch a Fire Tour (England, USA)\nOct–Nov 1973: Burnin' Tour (USA, England)\nJun–Jul 1975: Natty Dread Tour (USA, Canada, England)\nApr–Jul 1976: Rastaman Vibration Tour (USA, Canada, Germany, Sweden, Netherlands, France, England, Wales)\nMay–Jun 1977: Exodus Tour (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, England)\nMay–Aug 1978: Kaya Tour (USA, Canada, England, France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium)\nApr–May 1979: Babylon by Bus Tour (Japan, New Zealand, Australia, Hawaii)\nOct 1979 – Jan 1980: Survival Tour (USA, Canada, Trinidad/Tobago, Bahamas, Gabon, Zimbabwe)\nMay–Sep 1980: Uprising Tour (Switzerland, Germany, France, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Ireland, England, Scotland, Wales, USA)","title":"Tours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"White, Timothy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_White_(writer)"},{"link_name":"Masouri, John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Masouri"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1-84609-689-8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84609-689-8"},{"link_name":"Farley, Christopher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_John_Farley"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-06-053992-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-053992-5"},{"link_name":"Goldman, Vivien","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivien_Goldman"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1-4000-5286-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4000-5286-6"},{"link_name":"Colin Grant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Grant_(author)"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-393-08117-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-08117-6"}],"text":"White, Timothy \"Catch A Fire: The Life of Bob Marley\" (1983). St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0-8050-8086-5\nMasouri, John (2007) Wailing Blues: The Story of Bob Marley's \"Wailers\" Wise Publications ISBN 1-84609-689-8\nFarley, Christopher (2007). Before the Legend: The Rise of Bob Marley, Amistad Press ISBN 0-06-053992-5\nGoldman, Vivien (2007) The Book of Exodus: The Making and Meaning of Bob Marley and the Wailers' Album of the Century Three Rivers Press ISBN 1-4000-5286-6\nColin Grant (2011) The Natural Mystics : Marley, Tosh, Wailer, Jonathan Cape 978-0-224-08608-0 (U.K.), W.W. Norton & Company ISBN 978-0-393-08117-6 (U.S.)","title":"Further reading"}]
[{"image_text":"The I-Threes from left to right: Judy Mowatt, Rita Marley, and Marcia Griffiths","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bob_Marley_I_Threes.jpg/220px-Bob_Marley_I_Threes.jpg"},{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png"}]
[{"title":"Jamaica portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Jamaica"},{"title":"The Upsetters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Upsetters"},{"title":"Word, Sound and Power","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word,_Sound_and_Power"},{"title":"The Wailers Band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wailers_Band"},{"title":"The Original Wailers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Original_Wailers"}]
[{"reference":"Grant, Colin (2011). I & I: the natural mystics: Marley, Tosh and Wailer. London: Jonathan Cape. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-224-08608-0. OCLC 660519260.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/title/660519260","url_text":"I & I: the natural mystics: Marley, Tosh and Wailer"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-224-08608-0","url_text":"978-0-224-08608-0"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/660519260","url_text":"660519260"}]},{"reference":"\"Bob Marley | Biography, Songs, Albums, Death, & Facts | Britannica\". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 11 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bob-Marley","url_text":"\"Bob Marley | Biography, Songs, Albums, Death, & Facts | Britannica\""}]},{"reference":"Moskowitz, David V. (2007). \"Rebel Music, 1970–1975.\" The Words and Music of Bob Marley. Westport, Connecticut, United States: Praeger. p. 23. ISBN 9780275989354.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=QPZEqZHKq2AC&q=Beverley%27s+All-Stars","url_text":"\"Rebel Music, 1970–1975.\" The Words and Music of Bob Marley"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westport,_Connecticut","url_text":"Westport, Connecticut"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780275989354","url_text":"9780275989354"}]},{"reference":"Vibes, Mr T. at Reggae (27 May 2016). \"The Wailers - The Wailing Wailers\". Reggae Vibes. Retrieved 27 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.reggae-vibes.com/reviews/2016/05/wailers-wailing-wailers/","url_text":"\"The Wailers - The Wailing Wailers\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wail'n Soul'm\". Rate Your Music. Retrieved 5 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://rateyourmusic.com/label/wailn_soulm/","url_text":"\"Wail'n Soul'm\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_Your_Music","url_text":"Rate Your Music"}]},{"reference":"Campbell, Howard (22 March 2011). \"Bunny Wailer sets the record straight\". The Gleaner. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20110322/life/life2.html","url_text":"\"Bunny Wailer sets the record straight\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140109032537/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20110322/life/life2.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Morley, Chris Blackwell and Paul (29 May 2022). \"'Fuck, This Is the Real Thing': Chris Blackwell Remembers Making Bob Marley's 'Catch a Fire'\". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 27 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/chris-blackwell-remembers-making-bob-marleys-catch-a-fire-1358985/","url_text":"\"'Fuck, This Is the Real Thing': Chris Blackwell Remembers Making Bob Marley's 'Catch a Fire'\""}]},{"reference":"Hagerman, Brent (February 2005). \"Chris Blackwell: Savvy Svengali\". Exclaim.ca. Retrieved 29 December 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://exclaim.ca/music/article/chris_blackwell-savvy_svengali","url_text":"\"Chris Blackwell: Savvy Svengali\""}]},{"reference":"\"Bob Marley and the Wailers: Catch a Fire / Burnin', PopMatters\". PopMatters. 11 June 2001. Retrieved 27 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.popmatters.com/marleybob-catch-2495989338.html","url_text":"\"Bob Marley and the Wailers: Catch a Fire / Burnin', PopMatters\""}]},{"reference":"Williams, Richard. Catch a Fire. Catch a Fire (Liner notes) (2001 reissue ed.).","urls":[]},{"reference":"Harris, Craig. \"Biography: I-Threes\". Allmusic. Retrieved 24 July 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p39481/biography","url_text":"\"Biography: I-Threes\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allmusic","url_text":"Allmusic"}]},{"reference":"Timothy White (2 May 2006). Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley. Henry Holt. pp. 222–223. ISBN 9780805080865. Retrieved 17 May 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=h4nfr2cYAMQC","url_text":"Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805080865","url_text":"9780805080865"}]},{"reference":"Timothy White (2 May 2006). Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley. Henry Holt. p. 224. ISBN 9780805080865. Retrieved 17 May 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=h4nfr2cYAMQC","url_text":"Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805080865","url_text":"9780805080865"}]},{"reference":"\"The Tragic Case of Carlton Barrett\". LEGENDARY REGGAE. 8 September 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://legendaryreggae.com/2013/09/07/the-tragic-case-of-carlton-barrett/","url_text":"\"The Tragic Case of Carlton Barrett\""}]},{"reference":"\"Remembering Peter Tosh on 9/11\". jamaica-gleaner.com. 11 September 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/entertainment/20210911/remembering-peter-tosh-911","url_text":"\"Remembering Peter Tosh on 9/11\""}]},{"reference":"Katz, David (23 June 1999). \"Junior Braithwaite\". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 February 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/jun/23/guardianobituaries","url_text":"\"Junior Braithwaite\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077","url_text":"0261-3077"}]},{"reference":"Isger, Sonja (12 October 2008). \"Ermine Cherry Dempsey-Barker, former member of the Wailers, dies\". The Palm Beach Post. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110715043416/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/localnews/content/local_news/epaper/2008/10/12/cherry_1013.html?imw=Y","url_text":"\"Ermine Cherry Dempsey-Barker, former member of the Wailers, dies\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Palm_Beach_Post","url_text":"The Palm Beach Post"},{"url":"http://www.palmbeachpost.com/localnews/content/local_news/epaper/2008/10/12/cherry_1013.html?imw=Y","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Local News: West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County, Martin & St. Lucie Counties | the Palm Beach Post\". Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110715043416/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/localnews/content/local_news/epaper/2008/10/12/cherry_1013.html?imw=Y","url_text":"\"Local News: West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County, Martin & St. Lucie Counties | the Palm Beach Post\""},{"url":"http://www.palmbeachpost.com/localnews/content/local_news/epaper/2008/10/12/cherry_1013.html?imw=Y","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Earl \"Wyaa\" Lindo dies at 64\". IrieFm.net. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://iriefm.net/earl-wyaa-lindo-dies-64/","url_text":"\"Earl \"Wyaa\" Lindo dies at 64\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wailer Seeco Patterson dead at 90\". 3 November 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/2021/11/02/wailer-seeco-patterson-dead-at-90/","url_text":"\"Wailer Seeco Patterson dead at 90\""}]},{"reference":"\"Bunny Wailer, reggae luminary and founder of The Wailers, has died at 73\". www.cbsnews.com. 3 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bunny-wailer-dies-age-73-wailers-original-member-stroke-complications/","url_text":"\"Bunny Wailer, reggae luminary and founder of The Wailers, has died at 73\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tyrone Downie dies in Jamaica\". The Gleaner. Retrieved 7 November 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/entertainment/20221106/tyrone-downie-dies-jamaica","url_text":"\"Tyrone Downie dies in Jamaica\""}]},{"reference":"\"Aston 'Family Man' Barrett, Bassist and Rhythmic Backbone of Bob Marley & The Wailers, Dead at 77\". Rolling Stone. 3 February 2024. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/aston-family-man-barrett-bassist-bob-marley-amp-the-wailers-dead-obituary-1234960251/","url_text":"\"Aston 'Family Man' Barrett, Bassist and Rhythmic Backbone of Bob Marley & The Wailers, Dead at 77\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240203180519/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/aston-family-man-barrett-bassist-bob-marley-amp-the-wailers-dead-obituary-1234960251/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Piner, Chros. \"Bob Marley and The Wailers Guitarist Donald Kinsey Passes Away 3 Days After Fellow Band Member's Death\". American Songwriter. Retrieved 21 February 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://americansongwriter.com/bob-marley-and-the-wailers-guitarist-donald-kinsey-passes-away-3-days-after-fellow-band-members-death/","url_text":"\"Bob Marley and The Wailers Guitarist Donald Kinsey Passes Away 3 Days After Fellow Band Member's Death\""}]},{"reference":"de Vries, Anton E. (2013). \"The Wailers\". roots-reggae-library.com. Retrieved 8 January 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.roots-reggae-library.com/2013/03/the-wailers.html","url_text":"\"The Wailers\""}]}]
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Interview"},{"Link":"http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20110322/life/life2.html","external_links_name":"\"Bunny Wailer sets the record straight\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140109032537/http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20110322/life/life2.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/chris-blackwell-remembers-making-bob-marleys-catch-a-fire-1358985/","external_links_name":"\"'Fuck, This Is the Real Thing': Chris Blackwell Remembers Making Bob Marley's 'Catch a Fire'\""},{"Link":"https://exclaim.ca/music/article/chris_blackwell-savvy_svengali","external_links_name":"\"Chris Blackwell: Savvy Svengali\""},{"Link":"https://www.popmatters.com/marleybob-catch-2495989338.html","external_links_name":"\"Bob Marley and the Wailers: Catch a Fire / Burnin', PopMatters\""},{"Link":"https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p39481/biography","external_links_name":"\"Biography: I-Threes\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=h4nfr2cYAMQC","external_links_name":"Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=h4nfr2cYAMQC","external_links_name":"Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley"},{"Link":"https://legendaryreggae.com/2013/09/07/the-tragic-case-of-carlton-barrett/","external_links_name":"\"The Tragic Case of Carlton Barrett\""},{"Link":"https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/entertainment/20210911/remembering-peter-tosh-911","external_links_name":"\"Remembering Peter Tosh on 9/11\""},{"Link":"https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/jun/23/guardianobituaries","external_links_name":"\"Junior Braithwaite\""},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077","external_links_name":"0261-3077"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110715043416/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/localnews/content/local_news/epaper/2008/10/12/cherry_1013.html?imw=Y","external_links_name":"\"Ermine Cherry Dempsey-Barker, former member of the Wailers, dies\""},{"Link":"http://www.palmbeachpost.com/localnews/content/local_news/epaper/2008/10/12/cherry_1013.html?imw=Y","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110715043416/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/localnews/content/local_news/epaper/2008/10/12/cherry_1013.html?imw=Y","external_links_name":"\"Local News: West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County, Martin & St. Lucie Counties | the Palm Beach Post\""},{"Link":"http://www.palmbeachpost.com/localnews/content/local_news/epaper/2008/10/12/cherry_1013.html?imw=Y","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://iriefm.net/earl-wyaa-lindo-dies-64/","external_links_name":"\"Earl \"Wyaa\" Lindo dies at 64\""},{"Link":"https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/2021/11/02/wailer-seeco-patterson-dead-at-90/","external_links_name":"\"Wailer Seeco Patterson dead at 90\""},{"Link":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bunny-wailer-dies-age-73-wailers-original-member-stroke-complications/","external_links_name":"\"Bunny Wailer, reggae luminary and founder of The Wailers, has died at 73\""},{"Link":"https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/entertainment/20221106/tyrone-downie-dies-jamaica","external_links_name":"\"Tyrone Downie dies in Jamaica\""},{"Link":"https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/aston-family-man-barrett-bassist-bob-marley-amp-the-wailers-dead-obituary-1234960251/","external_links_name":"\"Aston 'Family Man' Barrett, Bassist and Rhythmic Backbone of Bob Marley & The Wailers, Dead at 77\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240203180519/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/aston-family-man-barrett-bassist-bob-marley-amp-the-wailers-dead-obituary-1234960251/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://americansongwriter.com/bob-marley-and-the-wailers-guitarist-donald-kinsey-passes-away-3-days-after-fellow-band-members-death/","external_links_name":"\"Bob Marley and The Wailers Guitarist Donald Kinsey Passes Away 3 Days After Fellow Band Member's Death\""},{"Link":"http://www.roots-reggae-library.com/2013/03/the-wailers.html","external_links_name":"\"The Wailers\""},{"Link":"http://www.bobmarley.com/","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"http://www.45cat.com/artist/bob-marley","external_links_name":"45cat Bob Marley discography"},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20150731224028/http://www.musicgonnateach.com/thewailers","external_links_name":"www.MusicGonnaTeach.com – The Wailers (Bob, Peter & Bunny)"},{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3052321/","external_links_name":"Bob Marley & The Wailers"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000122652083","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/138406746","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007404133105171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82242979","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/artist/c296e10c-110a-4103-9e77-47bfebb7fb2e","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartismere_High_School
Hartismere School
["1 History","2 Academy Status","3 The Hartismere Family of Schools","4 Ofsted inspections","5 The Hartismere Hundred","6 Grades and Results","7 Headmasters","8 Facilities","9 Notable former pupils","10 References","11 External links"]
Coordinates: 52°19′24″N 1°08′11″E / 52.32339°N 1.13648°E / 52.32339; 1.13648 Academy in Eye, Suffolk, EnglandHartismere SchoolAddressCastleton WayEye, Suffolk, IP23 7BLEnglandCoordinates52°19′24″N 1°08′11″E / 52.32339°N 1.13648°E / 52.32339; 1.13648InformationTypeAcademyMottoDiscamus ut serviamus (We learn that we might serve)Establishedc. 15th centuryDepartment for Education URN136271 TablesOfstedReportsChair of GovernorsM RavenhillHeadmasterJ McAtearGenderMixedAge11 to 18Enrolment988Colour(s)blue, black and gold      Websitehttp://www.hartismere.com/ Hartismere is a state funded co-educational day school for scholars aged 11–18 in Eye, a town in High Suffolk. The headmaster is James McAtear who joined the School in 2006. In 2009 the school changed its status to become a Foundation School, the first in Suffolk. In September 2010 the school became Suffolk's first Academy and the first in England. It has been awarded Outstanding status by Ofsted on three successive occasions (2010, 2014 and 2018). The school has specialisms in Mathematics, Music, Science and Sport and in 2013 it was awarded Leading Edge status. Neolithic Crouch Burial History The site of the current School was excavated in 2008 revealing continuous habitation dating back to Neolithic times. Enclosures included a full stone age burial, significant quantities of Roman coinage and a Saxon smithing area. The school has been gathering materials to set up a museum of local history. Planned exhibits will include Stone Age, Bronze Age, Celtic, Romano-British, Anglo-Saxon, Medieval and early modern materials. It also aims to tell the story of Eye airfield and the role of the school during World War II. The school was founded in the 15th century. Its original form predates the grammar school which was founded c. 1495. A variety of sites have been occupied by the School which has existed as a National School, a County School and was joined by a Secondary Modern in 1935. The Grammar School was closed in the late 1960s. The school became a Comprehensive and became known as Hartismere shortly thereafter. The school was temporarily closed during the summer term of the 2019-20 academic year due to the COVID-19 pandemic before reopening in September. The School was closed again due to the pandemic in the spring term of the academic year of 2020-21. Guildhall and original site of the School Academy Status Hartismere High School became Suffolk's first Foundation School in 2009. This meant that its Governing Body took ownership of the land and buildings of the school and became the employer of its own staff and its own admissions authority. Following this it became the first school in Suffolk to attain converter Academy on 1 September 2010. It became one of the first secondary schools to do so in England on the same day. At that point only schools graded outstanding by Ofsted were permitted to do so. The Hartismere Family of Schools Hartismere School was given Sponsor Academy status on 1 September 2010, the first in England to receive this status. However, it was only in 2016 that the multi-Academy Trust was set up. This became known as the Hartismere Family of Schools. On 1 May 2016 Benjamin Britten Music Academy and Centre of Excellence in mathematics became part of the Hartismere Family of Schools. On 1 May 2018 Woods Loke Primary joined the Hartismere Family. This was followed by Somerleyton Primary on 1 January 2019. Ofsted inspections Hartismere High School was regarded as a Satisfactory School by Ofsted prior to its 2006 inspection. During that year it was graded as Good before two successive Inspections, the first in 2010 and the second in 2014 graded the school as Outstanding. The school is now considered one of the best in Suffolk, in 2021 former student Niles Schilder called the teachers at the school ‘fabulous’ and ‘very supportive.’ The Hartismere Hundred The School motto of serving is seen by its staff and children as embodied in The Hartismere Hundred. This is the system by which the school supports one hundred charities annually and seeks to raise at least £100000 rotationally. It harks back to the geographical Hartismere Hundred of Domesday Book. Scholars are introduced to this form of service in the first year of Lower School through supporting Guide Dogs for the Blind. Grades and Results In the academic year of 2018/19 99.3% of A Level students achieved a passing grade with 89% getting an A* to C grade. On results day of 2019 headmaster James McAtear said: “These results are a testimony to the hard work of all our staff, governors and students and to the support given to them by their parents.” By the accident year of 2020/2021 these results improved further to 100% of A Level students passing with 94% achieveing an A* to C grade. Headmasters 1445-1495, Joseph Coutts; 1495-1532, Thomas Golding; 1532-1548, No Headmaster; 1650-1672, Thomas Brown; 1675-?, Thomas Brown (returned); 1822-?, Rev John Knevett; 1837-1874, Rev. Charles Notley; 1888-1921, Mr Frederick Bray; 1937-1965, Mr Eric Crinean; 1982-1985, Mr Tony Lines; 1986-2006, Mr Richard Hewitt; 2006–present, Mr James McAtear Facilities This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The Lines hall hosts daily assembly and serves as the school's Drama studio and venue for evening concerts. It was named after Tony Lines, Headmaster from 1982-5, who died in service. The Reading Room is a reference only library for the use of College scholars only. It is equipped with Mac computers and hosts the College cultural programme on Wednesday mornings. Notable former pupils Dan Hipkiss: played Centre for Bath Rugby and Leicester Tigers; he represented England at U16, U17, U18, U21 and England A. His full England debut came versus Wales in a World Cup warm up match at Twickenham on 4 August 2007. He played for England in the Rugby World Cup final in Paris in 2007. Bessie Turner: singer/songwriter now based in Ipswich. Stuart O'Keefe: (1991- ) professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for League One club Gillingham. Ethan Barber: (1998-) Professional CSGO player for Keele Krakens in the NUEL series. References ^ "Hartismere School :: About Hartismere : Information". Hartismere School. Retrieved 25 February 2012. ^ "SSAT's Leading Edge Network". Ssatuk.co.uk. Retrieved 17 December 2017. ^ "Hartismere High School, Eye". Suffolk County Council. Archived from the original on 28 August 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2012. ^ Payne, C., The History of Eye, (Beauvoir: Bury, 1993) p. 36 ^ "Benjamin Britten Academy of Music and Mathematics - Find and compare schools in England". Compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 17 December 2017. ^ a b "Hartismere School : OFSTED Report" (PDF). Reports.ofsted.gov.uk. Retrieved 17 December 2017. ^ "#YouthTakeover - Volunteering with the Young Archaeologists' Club and Shout Out Loud Project | Festival of Archaeology". festival.archaeologyuk.org. Retrieved 23 July 2021. ^ "Hartismere School". Hartismere.com. Retrieved 17 December 2017. ^ a b "A-LEVEL RESULTS: Hartismere School". Diss Express. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2021. ^ Parkin, Simon (10 August 2021). "A Level results 2021: Live list of results from Norfolk and Waveney". Eastern Daily Press. Retrieved 12 December 2021. ^ Payne, C., The History of Eye (Beavoir: Bury, 1993) p. 36-7 ^ "Dan Hipkiss RFU Profile". RFU. Archived from the original on 15 September 2010. Retrieved 25 February 2012. ^ "Meet East Anglian singer-songwriter Bessie Turner, playing Latitude". ^ GGTECH. "NUEL". NUEL ▷ The Home of UK University Esports. Retrieved 18 September 2023. External links Official website vte Schools in SuffolkSecondary Alde Valley Academy Benjamin Britten Academy Bungay High School Bury St Edmunds County High School Castle Manor Academy Chantry Academy Claydon High School Copleston High School Debenham High School East Bergholt High School East Point Academy Farlingaye High School Felixstowe Academy Hadleigh High School Hartismere School Holbrook Academy Ipswich Academy Kesgrave High School King Edward VI School Mildenhall College Academy Newmarket Academy Northgate High School Ormiston Denes Academy Ormiston Endeavour Academy Ormiston Sudbury Academy Pakefield High School St Alban's RC High School St Benedict's RC School Samuel Ward Academy SET Beccles School SET Saxmundham School Sir John Leman High School Stoke High School Stour Valley Community School Stowmarket High School Stowupland High School Stradbroke High School Thomas Gainsborough School Thomas Mills High School Thurston Community College Westbourne Academy Independent Culford School Felixstowe International College Finborough School Framlingham College Ipswich High School Ipswich School Old Buckenham Hall School Orwell Park School Royal Hospital School Saint Felix School St Joseph's College Stoke College Summerhill School Woodbridge School Special Ashley School The Bridge School Centre Academy East Anglia Sixth form & FE colleges Easton & Otley College Lowestoft College Lowestoft Sixth Form College Suffolk New College One West Suffolk College Defunct Amberfield School Alexanders College Felixstowe College Hillcroft Preparatory School Kesgrave Hall School Moreton Hall School Palgrave Academy RNTE Shotley Shi-Tennoji School in UK Sudbury Grammar School Woolverstone Hall School Authority control databases ISNI
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Eye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye,_Suffolk"},{"link_name":"Suffolk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffolk"},{"link_name":"Foundation School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_School"},{"link_name":"Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hartismere-information-1"},{"link_name":"Ofsted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofsted"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crouch_Burial_at_Hartismere.jpg"}],"text":"Academy in Eye, Suffolk, EnglandHartismere is a state funded co-educational day school for scholars aged 11–18 in Eye, a town in High Suffolk. The headmaster is James McAtear who joined the School in 2006.In 2009 the school changed its status to become a Foundation School, the first in Suffolk. In September 2010 the school became Suffolk's first Academy and the first in England.[1] It has been awarded Outstanding status by Ofsted on three successive occasions (2010, 2014 and 2018). The school has specialisms in Mathematics, Music, Science and Sport and in 2013 it was awarded Leading Edge status.[2]Neolithic Crouch Burial","title":"Hartismere School"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Neolithic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guildhall,_Eye_Primary_and_Site_of_the_Original_School.jpg"}],"text":"The site of the current School was excavated in 2008 revealing continuous habitation dating back to Neolithic times. Enclosures included a full stone age burial, significant quantities of Roman coinage and a Saxon smithing area.[3] The school has been gathering materials to set up a museum of local history. Planned exhibits will include Stone Age, Bronze Age, Celtic, Romano-British, Anglo-Saxon, Medieval and early modern materials. It also aims to tell the story of Eye airfield and the role of the school during World War II.The school was founded in the 15th century. Its original form predates the grammar school which was founded c. 1495.[4] A variety of sites have been occupied by the School which has existed as a National School, a County School and was joined by a Secondary Modern in 1935. The Grammar School was closed in the late 1960s. The school became a Comprehensive and became known as Hartismere shortly thereafter. The school was temporarily closed during the summer term of the 2019-20 academic year due to the COVID-19 pandemic before reopening in September. The School was closed again due to the pandemic in the spring term of the academic year of 2020-21.Guildhall and original site of the School","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Foundation School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_School"},{"link_name":"Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Hartismere High School became Suffolk's first Foundation School in 2009. This meant that its Governing Body took ownership of the land and buildings of the school and became the employer of its own staff and its own admissions authority.Following this it became the first school in Suffolk to attain converter Academy on 1 September 2010. It became one of the first secondary schools to do so in England on the same day.[citation needed] At that point only schools graded outstanding by Ofsted were permitted to do so.[citation needed]","title":"Academy Status"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Hartismere School was given Sponsor Academy status on 1 September 2010, the first in England to receive this status. However, it was only in 2016 that the multi-Academy Trust was set up. This became known as the Hartismere Family of Schools. On 1 May 2016 Benjamin Britten Music Academy and Centre of Excellence in mathematics became part of the Hartismere Family of Schools.[5] On 1 May 2018 Woods Loke Primary joined the Hartismere Family. This was followed by Somerleyton Primary on 1 January 2019.","title":"The Hartismere Family of Schools"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ofsted.gov.uk-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ofsted.gov.uk-6"},{"link_name":"Suffolk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffolk"},{"link_name":"Niles Schilder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niles_Schilder&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-7"}],"text":"Hartismere High School was regarded as a Satisfactory School by Ofsted prior to its 2006 inspection. During that year it was graded as Good before two successive Inspections, the first in 2010[6] and the second in 2014 graded the school as Outstanding.[6] The school is now considered one of the best in Suffolk, in 2021 former student Niles Schilder called the teachers at the school ‘fabulous’ and ‘very supportive.’[7]","title":"Ofsted inspections"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hartismere Hundred","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartismere_Hundred"},{"link_name":"Domesday Book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domesday_Book"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"The School motto of serving is seen by its staff and children as embodied in The Hartismere Hundred. This is the system by which the school supports one hundred charities annually and seeks to raise at least £100000 rotationally. It harks back to the geographical Hartismere Hundred of Domesday Book.[8] Scholars are introduced to this form of service in the first year of Lower School through supporting Guide Dogs for the Blind.[citation needed]","title":"The Hartismere Hundred"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-9"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"In the academic year of 2018/19 99.3% of A Level students achieved a passing grade with 89% getting an A* to C grade.[9] On results day of 2019 headmaster James McAtear said: “These results are a testimony to the hard work of all our staff, governors and students and to the support given to them by their parents.”[9]By the accident year of 2020/2021 these results improved further to 100% of A Level students passing with 94% achieveing an A* to C grade.[10]","title":"Grades and Results"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mr James McAtear","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkey_(Shrek)"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"text":"1445-1495, Joseph Coutts;\n1495-1532, Thomas Golding;\n1532-1548, No Headmaster;\n1650-1672, Thomas Brown;\n1675-?, Thomas Brown (returned);\n1822-?, Rev John Knevett;\n1837-1874, Rev. Charles Notley;\n1888-1921, Mr Frederick Bray;\n1937-1965, Mr Eric Crinean;\n1982-1985, Mr Tony Lines;\n1986-2006, Mr Richard Hewitt;\n2006–present, Mr James McAtear[11]","title":"Headmasters"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"The Lines hall hosts daily assembly and serves as the school's Drama studio and venue for evening concerts. It was named after Tony Lines, Headmaster from 1982-5, who died in service.The Reading Room is a reference only library for the use of College scholars only. It is equipped with Mac computers and hosts the College cultural programme on Wednesday mornings.","title":"Facilities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dan Hipkiss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Hipkiss"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Bessie Turner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Turner"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Stuart O'Keefe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_O%27Keefe"},{"link_name":"footballer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football"},{"link_name":"central midfielder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_midfielder"},{"link_name":"League One","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EFL_League_One"},{"link_name":"Gillingham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillingham_F.C."},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"Dan Hipkiss: played Centre for Bath Rugby and Leicester Tigers; he represented England at U16, U17, U18, U21 and England A. His full England debut came versus Wales in a World Cup warm up match at Twickenham on 4 August 2007. He played for England in the Rugby World Cup final in Paris in 2007.[12]\nBessie Turner: singer/songwriter now based in Ipswich.[13]\nStuart O'Keefe: (1991- ) professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for League One club Gillingham.\nEthan Barber: (1998-) Professional CSGO player for Keele Krakens in the NUEL series. [14]","title":"Notable former pupils"}]
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null
[{"reference":"\"Hartismere School :: About Hartismere : Information\". Hartismere School. Retrieved 25 February 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.hartismere.com/AboutHartismere/Information","url_text":"\"Hartismere School :: About Hartismere : Information\""}]},{"reference":"\"SSAT's Leading Edge Network\". Ssatuk.co.uk. Retrieved 17 December 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ssatuk.co.uk/ssat-membership/leading-edge/","url_text":"\"SSAT's Leading Edge Network\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hartismere High School, Eye\". Suffolk County Council. Archived from the original on 28 August 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110828152203/http://www.suffolk.gov.uk/Environment/Archaeology/FieldProjects/HartismereHighSchoolEye.htm","url_text":"\"Hartismere High School, Eye\""},{"url":"http://www.suffolk.gov.uk/Environment/Archaeology/FieldProjects/HartismereHighSchoolEye.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Benjamin Britten Academy of Music and Mathematics - Find and compare schools in England\". Compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 17 December 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk/school/142759","url_text":"\"Benjamin Britten Academy of Music and Mathematics - Find and compare schools in England\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hartismere School : OFSTED Report\" (PDF). Reports.ofsted.gov.uk. Retrieved 17 December 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/files/2440034/urn/136271.pdf","url_text":"\"Hartismere School : OFSTED Report\""}]},{"reference":"\"#YouthTakeover - Volunteering with the Young Archaeologists' Club and Shout Out Loud Project | Festival of Archaeology\". festival.archaeologyuk.org. Retrieved 23 July 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://festival.archaeologyuk.org/day/posts/youthtakeover-volunteering-young-archaeologists-club-and-shout-out-loud-project-1626878983#","url_text":"\"#YouthTakeover - Volunteering with the Young Archaeologists' Club and Shout Out Loud Project | Festival of Archaeology\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hartismere School\". Hartismere.com. Retrieved 17 December 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.hartismere.com/AboutHartismere","url_text":"\"Hartismere School\""}]},{"reference":"\"A-LEVEL RESULTS: Hartismere School\". Diss Express. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dissexpress.co.uk/news/a-level-results-hartismere-school-9079721/","url_text":"\"A-LEVEL RESULTS: Hartismere School\""}]},{"reference":"Parkin, Simon (10 August 2021). \"A Level results 2021: Live list of results from Norfolk and Waveney\". Eastern Daily Press. Retrieved 12 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/education/a-levels-2021-results-table-norfolk-waveney-8222168","url_text":"\"A Level results 2021: Live list of results from Norfolk and Waveney\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dan Hipkiss RFU Profile\". RFU. Archived from the original on 15 September 2010. Retrieved 25 February 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100915115327/http://www.rfu.com/SquadsAndPlayers/EnglandSaxons/DanHipkiss.aspx","url_text":"\"Dan Hipkiss RFU Profile\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_Football_Union","url_text":"RFU"},{"url":"http://www.rfu.com/SquadsAndPlayers/EnglandSaxons/DanHipkiss.aspx","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Meet East Anglian singer-songwriter Bessie Turner, playing Latitude\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.eadt.co.uk/what-s-on/meet-east-anglian-singer-songwriter-bessie-turner-playing-latitude-1-5104808","url_text":"\"Meet East Anglian singer-songwriter Bessie Turner, playing Latitude\""}]},{"reference":"GGTECH. \"NUEL\". NUEL ▷ The Home of UK University Esports. Retrieved 18 September 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://thenuel.com/","url_text":"\"NUEL\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriana_Kaplan_Marcus%C3%A1n
Adriana Kaplan Marcusán
["1 Biography","2 Published works","3 Awards and distinctions","4 References"]
Argentine anthropologist Adriana Kaplan MarcusánBorn (1956-12-19) December 19, 1956 (age 67)Occupation(s)Director of the NGO Wassu Gambia Kafo (WGK) and the Wassu Foundation of the Autonomous University of Barcelona Adriana Kaplan Marcusán (Buenos Aires, 19 December 1956) is an Argentine anthropologist and Director of the NGO Wassu Gambia Kafo (WGK) and the Wassu Foundation of the Autonomous University of Barcelona. She is expert in sexual and reproductive health with a focus on the prevention of female genital mutilation (FGM). Biography Adriana Kaplan Marcusán was born in Buenos Aires on 19 December 1956. She is a professor of Anthropology of Health at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Executive Director of the NGO Wassu Gambia Kafo and the Wassu Foundation of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) and Director of the Chair Knowledge Transfer. She has been working in the Gambia, Senegal and Guinea Bissau since 1989 studying sexual and reproductive health, focusing on the prevention of female genital mutilation (FGM). She leads the Transnational Observatory of Applied Research to New Strategies for the Prevention of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) hosted by the Wassu-UAB Foundation, (5)?? with two research and training centres: in Spain, the Interdisciplinary Group for the Prevention and Study of Harmful Traditional Practices (IGPS/HTP) at the Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology in the UAB; in The Gambia, the local NGO Wassu Gambia Kafo. She has been a collaborating researcher of the Gambia Medical Research Council, adviser to the Women's Bureau and consultant for various international agencies (UNFPA, UNDP, UNICEF, EU). In Spain, she advises, trains and collaborates with institutions to plan and implement FGM care and prevention programs. She is a member of the Women's Shura Council in New York, the Committee of Experts on FGM at the World Health Organization in Geneva and the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) in Vilnius. Published works Among her publications are various articles, books and training guides and material. She also directed four documentaries Gambia: Ciclo vital y supervivencia (Gambia, life cycle and survival) (1991), Initiation without cutting (2004), that provides an alternative methodological proposal for the prevention of FGM, translated into five local languages, at the request of the Vice Presidency of The Gambia, Brufut Declaration (2009), and A future without mutilation (2013), which collects the testimonies of health professionals, students, traditional midwives, circumcisers, community and religious leaders. Awards and distinctions 1998 X Award Rogeli Duocastella in Social Sciences, “la Caixa” Foundation. 2003 Excellence in Research Grant Ramón y Cajal, Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. 2005 Women for Women Distinction, Barcelona 2008 International Navarre Prize for Solidarity, Government of Navarre 2008 Award for the best oral communication, VII Workshop on Social Security Primary Health Teams, Espulgas de Llobregat, Barcelona 2008 Esteve Laboratories Award for the best oral communication, II Congress of the Valencian, Balearic and Catalan Societies of Family and Community Medicine 2008 Nestlé Award for the best oral communication, XXII National Congress of the Spanish Society of Extra-hospital Paediatrics and Primary Care, Tenerife 2009 Chair of Knowledge Transfer, Parc de Recerca-UAB Santander. 2014 Award for the Fight against FGM/C for the International Day for the Elimination of Violence, Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality. 2017 Memorial Lluís Companys: Award for Trajectory fighting against gender violence and FGM, Irla Foundation. 2017 IV DKV Awards “Medicine & Solidarity: Award to the Trajectory, DKV. 2018 Global Woman Awards 2018: Advocacy category, Global Woman P.E.A.C.E. Foundation. References ^ Quintáns, Jessica Mouzo (6 February 2015). ""Me preocupa la perversidad de las políticas contra la ablación"". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 25 November 2018. ^ a b c d e f g "ADRIANA KAPLAN - Departament d'Antropologia Social i Cultural - UAB Barcelona". www.uab.cat. Retrieved 2019-01-10. ^ a b c d "Fundación Wassu-UAB". www.mgf.uab.cat. Archived from the original on 2018-12-09. Retrieved 2019-01-10. ^ Palmas, La Provincia - Diario de Las. ""En España hay 17.000 niñas en riesgo de sufrir la ablación genital"". Retrieved 25 November 2018. ^ Gambia. Ciclo vital y supervivencia, retrieved 2019-09-15 ^ Initiation without cutting (English), retrieved 2019-09-15 ^ Brufut Declaration (English), retrieved 2019-09-15 ^ Un futuro sin mutilación. Una cascada de transferencia de conocimiento., retrieved 2019-09-15 ^ a b Barcelona, UAB-Universitat Autònoma de. "Adriana Kaplan recibe dos premios por su trayectoria". UAB Barcelona (in Spanish). Retrieved 2019-01-10. ^ "A Mini United Nations Convenes In Washington, D.C." GLOBAL WOMAN. Retrieved 2019-01-10. Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Spain 2 Catalonia United States Academics ORCID
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She is expert in sexual and reproductive health with a focus on the prevention of female genital mutilation (FGM).","title":"Adriana Kaplan Marcusán"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"},{"link_name":"female genital mutilation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"World Health Organization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization"},{"link_name":"Vilnius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilnius"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"}],"text":"Adriana Kaplan Marcusán was born in Buenos Aires on 19 December 1956.[1] She is a professor of Anthropology of Health at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Executive Director of the NGO Wassu Gambia Kafo and the Wassu Foundation of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) and Director of the Chair Knowledge Transfer.[2][3]She has been working in the Gambia, Senegal and Guinea Bissau since 1989 studying sexual and reproductive health, focusing on the prevention of female genital mutilation (FGM).[2][4]She leads the Transnational Observatory of Applied Research to New Strategies for the Prevention of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) hosted by the Wassu-UAB Foundation, (5)?? with two research and training centres: in Spain, the Interdisciplinary Group for the Prevention and Study of Harmful Traditional Practices (IGPS/HTP) at the Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology in the UAB; in The Gambia, the local NGO Wassu Gambia Kafo.[2]She has been a collaborating researcher of the Gambia Medical Research Council, adviser to the Women's Bureau and consultant for various international agencies (UNFPA, UNDP, UNICEF, EU). In Spain, she advises, trains and collaborates with institutions to plan and implement FGM care and prevention programs.[2]She is a member of the Women's Shura Council in New York, the Committee of Experts on FGM at the World Health Organization in Geneva and the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) in Vilnius.[2]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"}],"text":"Among her publications are various articles, books and training guides and material. She also directed four documentaries Gambia: Ciclo vital y supervivencia (Gambia, life cycle and survival) (1991),[5] Initiation without cutting (2004),[6] that provides an alternative methodological proposal for the prevention of FGM, translated into five local languages, at the request of the Vice Presidency of The Gambia, Brufut Declaration (2009),[7] and A future without mutilation (2013),[8] which collects the testimonies of health professionals, students, traditional midwives, circumcisers, community and religious leaders.[2]","title":"Published works"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-9"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"1998 X Award Rogeli Duocastella in Social Sciences, “la Caixa” Foundation.[2]\n2003 Excellence in Research Grant Ramón y Cajal, Spanish Ministry of Education and Science.[3]\n2005 Women for Women Distinction, Barcelona\n2008 International Navarre Prize for Solidarity, Government of Navarre\n2008 Award for the best oral communication, VII Workshop on Social Security Primary Health Teams, Espulgas de Llobregat, Barcelona\n2008 Esteve Laboratories Award for the best oral communication, II Congress of the Valencian, Balearic and Catalan Societies of Family and Community Medicine\n2008 Nestlé Award for the best oral communication, XXII National Congress of the Spanish Society of Extra-hospital Paediatrics and Primary Care, Tenerife\n2009 Chair of Knowledge Transfer, Parc de Recerca-UAB Santander.[3]\n2014 Award for the Fight against FGM/C for the International Day for the Elimination of Violence, Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality.[3]\n2017 Memorial Lluís Companys: Award for Trajectory fighting against gender violence and FGM, Irla Foundation.[9]\n2017 IV DKV Awards “Medicine & Solidarity: Award to the Trajectory, DKV.[9]\n2018 Global Woman Awards 2018: Advocacy category, Global Woman P.E.A.C.E. Foundation.[10]","title":"Awards and distinctions"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donelson%27s_Indian_Line
Treaty of Lochaber
["1 Donelson's Indian Line","2 References","3 External links"]
1770 treaty between Great Britain and the Cherokee Land cession of 1770 (№4) The Treaty of Lochaber was signed in South Carolina on 18 October 1770 by British representative John Stuart and the Cherokee people, fixing the boundary for the western limit of the colonial frontier settlements of Virginia and North Carolina. Lord Shelburne in London was determined to settle disputes along the western frontier in order to avoid more conflict between colonists and various Native American nations. Although he lost his office as Southern Secretary in October 1768, negotiations progressed with tribal chiefs (usually representing towns in their decentralized society) regarding the North American colonial frontier. The Treaty of Fort Stanwix in November 1768 fixed the boundary lines between tribes and colonists to the north of Virginia. The border variances from the Treaty of Hard Labour led to negotiations where 1000 Cherokee leaders were hosted by Alexander Cameron (d. 1781) at Lochabar Plantation in Ninety-Six District, South Carolina. Based on the terms of the accord, the Cherokee relinquished all claims to land from the previous North Carolina and Virginia border to a point six miles east of Long Island of the Holston River in present-day Kingsport, Tennessee, to the mouth of the Kanawha River at present-day Point Pleasant, West Virginia, in Mason County. The North Carolina-Virginia border at this time was along the 36° 30' parallel in present-day Tennessee, because both colonies believed their charters extended to the west. In this treaty, the Cherokee surrendered their rights to most land in present-day southern West Virginia not included in the Treaty of Hard Labour in October 1768. Donelson's Indian Line A subsequent survey of the Treaty line by John Donelson of Virginia in 1771 placed the northern terminus of the line at the mouth of the Kentucky River, substantially west of the Kanawha River, cleaving what is today extreme western Virginia, a wedge of western Virginia and a large part of northeastern Kentucky to Virginia colony, which lands were then part of newly organized trans-Appalachian Virginia's Botetourt County extending to the Mississippi River. The survey also moved the southern line from the North Carolina (today Tennessee) boundary south to the Holston River because settlers didn't know how to locate the North Carolina boundary without landmarks. This left three settlements, at Watauga, Nolichucky and Carter's Valley south of the surveyed line, hence in Cherokee land and not authorized by either the Crown or the Cherokee. These would later become separate purchases from the Cherokee and land grants from North Carolina During the organization of the Transylvania Colony in 1775. References ^ Ramsey's Annals, page 111. ^ "Sankofagen Wiki / Lochaber Plantation". ^ "Lochaber Plantation - Long Cane, Abbeville County, South Carolina SC". ^ "TNGenNet Inc. Colonial Period Indian Land Cessions in the American Southeast, Indian Land Cessions Maps and Treaties in the American Southeast. Indian Treaty Maps". External links "Treaty of Lochaber 1770". Envisaging the West. University of Nebraska–Lincoln. 2009. Accessed on 24 April 2023.
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_former_territorial_limits_of_the_Cherokee_%22Nation_of%22_Indians_;_Map_showing_the_territory_originally_assigned_Cherokee_%22Nation_of%22_Indians._LOC_99446145.jpg"},{"link_name":"British","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain"},{"link_name":"John Stuart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart_(loyalist)"},{"link_name":"Cherokee people","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_people"},{"link_name":"Virginia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia"},{"link_name":"North Carolina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RA111-1"},{"link_name":"Lord Shelburne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne"},{"link_name":"Southern Secretary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Secretary"},{"link_name":"Treaty of Fort Stanwix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Stanwix"},{"link_name":"Treaty of Hard Labour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Hard_Labour"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Long Island of the Holston River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Island_(Tennessee)"},{"link_name":"Kingsport, Tennessee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingsport,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Kanawha River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanawha_River"},{"link_name":"Point Pleasant, West Virginia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_Pleasant,_West_Virginia"},{"link_name":"Mason County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_County,_West_Virginia"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Treaty of Hard Labour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Hard_Labour"}],"text":"Land cession of 1770 (№4)The Treaty of Lochaber was signed in South Carolina on 18 October 1770 by British representative John Stuart and the Cherokee people, fixing the boundary for the western limit of the colonial frontier settlements of Virginia and North Carolina.[1]Lord Shelburne in London was determined to settle disputes along the western frontier in order to avoid more conflict between colonists and various Native American nations. Although he lost his office as Southern Secretary in October 1768, negotiations progressed with tribal chiefs (usually representing towns in their decentralized society) regarding the North American colonial frontier. The Treaty of Fort Stanwix in November 1768 fixed the boundary lines between tribes and colonists to the north of Virginia. The border variances from the Treaty of Hard Labour led to negotiations where 1000 Cherokee leaders were hosted by Alexander Cameron (d. 1781)[2] at Lochabar Plantation in Ninety-Six District, South Carolina.[3]Based on the terms of the accord, the Cherokee relinquished all claims to land from the previous North Carolina and Virginia border to a point six miles east of Long Island of the Holston River in present-day Kingsport, Tennessee, to the mouth of the Kanawha River at present-day Point Pleasant, West Virginia, in Mason County. The North Carolina-Virginia border at this time was along the 36° 30' parallel in present-day Tennessee, because both colonies believed their charters extended to the west.[4] In this treaty, the Cherokee surrendered their rights to most land in present-day southern West Virginia not included in the Treaty of Hard Labour in October 1768.","title":"Treaty of Lochaber"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kentucky River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky_River"}],"text":"A subsequent survey of the Treaty line by John Donelson of Virginia in 1771 placed the northern terminus of the line at the mouth of the Kentucky River, substantially west of the Kanawha River, cleaving what is today extreme western Virginia, a wedge of western Virginia and a large part of northeastern Kentucky to Virginia colony, which lands were then part of newly organized trans-Appalachian Virginia's Botetourt County extending to the Mississippi River. The survey also moved the southern line from the North Carolina (today Tennessee) boundary south to the Holston River because settlers didn't know how to locate the North Carolina boundary without landmarks. This left three settlements, at Watauga, Nolichucky and Carter's Valley south of the surveyed line, hence in Cherokee land and not authorized by either the Crown or the Cherokee. These would later become separate purchases from the Cherokee and land grants from North Carolina During the organization of the Transylvania Colony in 1775.","title":"Donelson's Indian Line"}]
[{"image_text":"Land cession of 1770 (№4)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Map_of_the_former_territorial_limits_of_the_Cherokee_%22Nation_of%22_Indians_%3B_Map_showing_the_territory_originally_assigned_Cherokee_%22Nation_of%22_Indians._LOC_99446145.jpg/250px-thumbnail.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"Sankofagen Wiki / Lochaber Plantation\".","urls":[{"url":"http://sankofagen.pbworks.com/w/page/14230663/Lochaber%20Plantation","url_text":"\"Sankofagen Wiki / Lochaber Plantation\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lochaber Plantation - Long Cane, Abbeville County, South Carolina SC\".","urls":[{"url":"http://south-carolina-plantations.com/abbeville/lochaber.html","url_text":"\"Lochaber Plantation - Long Cane, Abbeville County, South Carolina SC\""}]},{"reference":"\"TNGenNet Inc. Colonial Period Indian Land Cessions in the American Southeast, Indian Land Cessions Maps and Treaties in the American Southeast. Indian Treaty Maps\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.tngenweb.org/cessions/colonial2.html#Lochaber","url_text":"\"TNGenNet Inc. Colonial Period Indian Land Cessions in the American Southeast, Indian Land Cessions Maps and Treaties in the American Southeast. Indian Treaty Maps\""}]}]
[{"Link":"http://www.roanetnhistory.org/ramseysannals.php?loc=RamseysAnnals&pgid=111","external_links_name":"Ramsey's Annals, page 111."},{"Link":"http://sankofagen.pbworks.com/w/page/14230663/Lochaber%20Plantation","external_links_name":"\"Sankofagen Wiki / Lochaber Plantation\""},{"Link":"http://south-carolina-plantations.com/abbeville/lochaber.html","external_links_name":"\"Lochaber Plantation - Long Cane, Abbeville County, South Carolina SC\""},{"Link":"http://www.tngenweb.org/cessions/colonial2.html#Lochaber","external_links_name":"\"TNGenNet Inc. Colonial Period Indian Land Cessions in the American Southeast, Indian Land Cessions Maps and Treaties in the American Southeast. Indian Treaty Maps\""},{"Link":"http://jeffersonswest.unl.edu/archive/view_doc.php?id=jef.00091","external_links_name":"\"Treaty of Lochaber 1770\""}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurbrugg_Mansion
Zurbrugg Mansion
["1 History","2 References"]
Coordinates: 40°3′3″N 74°57′33″W / 40.05083°N 74.95917°W / 40.05083; -74.95917Historic house in New Jersey, United States United States historic placeZurbrugg MansionU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesNew Jersey Register of Historic Places Show map of Burlington County, New JerseyShow map of New JerseyShow map of the United StatesLocation531 Delaware Avenue, Delanco Township, New JerseyCoordinates40°3′3″N 74°57′33″W / 40.05083°N 74.95917°W / 40.05083; -74.95917Area2.5 acres (1.0 ha)Built1910ArchitectFurness, Evans & Co.Architectural styleClassical RevivalNRHP reference No.09000651NJRHP No.4878Significant datesAdded to NRHPAugust 28, 2009Designated NJRHPApril 20, 2009 The Zurbrugg Mansion, which has also been known as The Columns, at 531 Delaware Avenue in Delanco Township, Burlington County, New Jersey, was built in 1910. It was designed by architects Furness, Evans & Co. in Classical Revival style. Vacant for several years after being used as a nursing home, it was acquired by Grapevine Development and subsequently listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 28, 2009, for its significance in architecture. The listing included two contributing buildings, a contributing structure, and a contributing object. History In 2010 the main building was renovated and re-opened as a 27-unit Independent Senior Residence. The vacant Carriage House was also renovated into a single family residence and sold to a private owner. The surrounding property has been subdivided and developed into RiverWalk on the Delaware, a luxury townhouse community. It was the home of Swiss-born Theophilus Zurbrugg (1861–1912) and his family. A watchmaker, he founded The Keystone Watch Case Co. References ^ "National Register Information System – (#09000651)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. ^ "New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places – Burlington County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Historic Preservation Office. December 28, 2020. p. 6. ^ a b McClintic-Smith, Loaan (October 2, 2008). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Zurbrugg Mansion". National Park Service. ^ "Kevin Riordan: Zurbrugg Mansion in Delanco now houses seniors". philly-archives. Retrieved 2016-01-02. ^ "Delanco's historic Carriage House will be couple's new home". Courier-Post. Retrieved 2016-01-02. ^ "New Homes Listed on the Delaware River | Patch". Moorestown, NJ Patch. 13 October 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-02. ^ The Zurbrugg Mansion, 531 Delaware Avenue, Delanco, NJ Delanco township page Archived January 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine vteFrank FurnessFurness & Hewitt(1871–1875) St. Peter's Episcopal Church of Germantown (1873) Trinity Church, Oxford (1875) Thomas Hockley House (1875) Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (1876) Frank Furness, Architect(1875–1881) Centennial National Bank (1876) Emlen Physick Estate (1879) Fairview (1880) Wallingford station (1880) Knowlton (1881) Furness & Evans(1881–1886) Dolobran (1881) Gravers Lane station (1882) Mount Airy station (1882) Undine Barge Club (1883) St. Michael's Episcopal Church, Birdsboro (1885) Hockley Row (1886) First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia (1886) Furness, Evans & Company(1886–c. 1931) Lotta Crabtree Cottage (1886) Solomon House (1887) Water Street station (1887) Brooke Mansion, Birdsboro (1888) Ormonde (1888) Idlewild (1890) Williamson Free School (1890) University of Pennsylvania Library (1891) The Baldwin School (1891) Princeton Club, Philadelphia (1891) Lahaska station (1891) New Hope station (1891) Wycombe station (1891) Horace Jayne House (1895) Merion Cricket Club (1897) St. Luke's Church, Kensington (1904) Girard Trust Company Building (1907) Wilmington Station (1908) Zurbrugg Mansion (1910) Demolished buildings Lindenshade (1873) Provident Life & Trust Company (1879) Sedgwick station (1882) Pencoyd (1884) B&O Station, Pittsburgh (1887) B&O Station, Philadelphia (1888) Buckingham Valley station (1891) Jersey City Ferry Terminal (1892) Broad Street Station (1893) Associated people Allen Evans John Fraser G. W. & W. D. Hewitt Daniel Pabst William Lightfoot Price Louis Sullivan Wilson Brothers & Company Commons vteU.S. National Register of Historic Places in New JerseyTopics Contributing property Keeper of the Register Historic district History of the National Register of Historic Places National Park Service Property types Lists by county Atlantic Bergen Burlington Camden Cape May Cumberland Essex Gloucester Hudson Hunterdon Mercer Middlesex Monmouth Morris Ocean Passaic Salem Somerset Sussex Union Warren Other lists Bridges National Historic Landmarks National Natural Landmarks Category NRHP Portal New Jersey Portal vteNational Register of Historic Places in Burlington County, New JerseyLandmarks Abbott Farm Archeological Site Burlington County Prison Francis Hopkinson House New St. Mary's Episcopal Church Paulsdale Districts Arneytown Historic District Atsion Village Batsto Village Bordentown Historic District Burlington Historic District Benjamin Cooper Farm Crosswicks Historic District Eayres Plantation and Mill Site Fernbrook Historic District High Street Historic District Moorestown Historic District Mount Holly Historic District Pemberton Historic District Point Breeze Rancocas Historic Village Recklesstown Historic District Riverton Historic District Roebling Historic District Rosebud Farm Smithville Historic District Upper Springfield Meetinghouse Vincentown Historic District Whitesbog Historic District Places ofworship Arney's Mount Friends Meetinghouse and Burial Ground Coopertown Meetinghouse Cropwell Friends Meeting House Evesham Friends Meeting House Jacob's Chapel A.M.E. Church Main Street Friends Meeting House Moorestown Friends School and Meetinghouse Protestant Community Church of Medford Lakes Providence Presbyterian Church of Bustleton St. Mary of the Lakes Catholic Church St. Stephen's Episcopal Church Houses Bishop–Irick Farmstead Breidenhart Isaac Collins House Amos Evans House William and Susan Evans House Evans–Cooper House Thomas and Mary Evens House Farmer's Hall Fenwick Manor Thomas French Jr. House Gen. Edward S. Godfrey House Green Hill Farm Jonathan Haines House Thomas Hollinshead House James and Charles B. Holloway Farm Complex John Inskeep Homestead John Irick House Ivins-Conover House Benjamin Jones House Log Cabin Lodge Barzillai Newbold House William and Susannah Newbold House Oakwood Peachfield Pearson-How, Cooper, and Lawrence Houses Perkins House Singleton-Lathem-Large House Smith Mansion Thomas Smith House Dr. James Still Office Charles Stokes House Stokes–Evans House Taylor-Newbold House West Hill Jacob Wills House Zurbrugg Mansion Buildings William R. Allen School Birmingham School Bordentown School J. F. Budd Baby Shoe Factory Buzby's General Store Chesterford School Cinnaminson Avenue and Spring Garden Street Schools Florence Public School No. 1 Kirby's Mill Morris Mansion and Mill North Pemberton Railroad Station Old Schoolhouse Philadelphia Watch Case Company Building Red Dragon Canoe Club Shamong Hotel Quaker School Schoolhouse Springside Public School Town Hall Sites Bead Wreck Site Beverly National Cemetery Burlington's Lost Burial Ground Crosswicks Creek Site III Hanover Furnace See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in Burlington County, New Jersey and List of National Historic Landmarks in New Jersey
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Delanco Township","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delanco_Township,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Burlington County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlington_County,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Furness, Evans & Co.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furness,_Evans_%26_Co."},{"link_name":"Classical Revival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Revival_architecture"},{"link_name":"Grapevine Development","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.grapevinedevelopment.net/ZurbruggProject.html"},{"link_name":"National Register of Historic Places","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places"},{"link_name":"contributing buildings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contributing_buildings"},{"link_name":"contributing structure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contributing_structure"},{"link_name":"contributing object","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contributing_object"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nrhpdoc-3"}],"text":"Historic house in New Jersey, United StatesUnited States historic placeThe Zurbrugg Mansion, which has also been known as The Columns, at 531 Delaware Avenue in Delanco Township, Burlington County, New Jersey, was built in 1910. It was designed by architects Furness, Evans & Co. in Classical Revival style. Vacant for several years after being used as a nursing home, it was acquired by Grapevine Development and subsequently listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 28, 2009, for its significance in architecture. The listing included two contributing buildings, a contributing structure, and a contributing object.[3]","title":"Zurbrugg Mansion"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Independent Senior Residence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.facebook.com/search/top/?q=zurbrugg%20mansion%20senior%20residence"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"RiverWalk on the Delaware","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.riverwalkhomesnj.com"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Theophilus Zurbrugg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theophilus_Zurbrugg&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"The Keystone Watch Case Co.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Keystone_Watch_Case_Co."},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nrhpdoc-3"}],"text":"In 2010 the main building was renovated and re-opened as a 27-unit Independent Senior Residence.[4]The vacant Carriage House was also renovated into a single family residence and sold to a private owner.[5] The surrounding property has been subdivided and developed into RiverWalk on the Delaware, a luxury townhouse community.[6]It was the home of Swiss-born Theophilus Zurbrugg (1861–1912) and his family.[7] A watchmaker, he founded The Keystone Watch Case Co.[3]","title":"History"}]
[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/FrankFurness.jpg/100px-FrankFurness.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"National Register Information System – (#09000651)\". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/09000651","url_text":"\"National Register Information System – (#09000651)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places","url_text":"National Register of Historic Places"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service","url_text":"National Park Service"}]},{"reference":"\"New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places – Burlington County\" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Historic Preservation Office. December 28, 2020. p. 6.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nj.gov/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists/Burlington.pdf#page=6","url_text":"\"New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places – Burlington County\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Department_of_Environmental_Protection","url_text":"New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection"}]},{"reference":"McClintic-Smith, Loaan (October 2, 2008). \"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Zurbrugg Mansion\". National Park Service.","urls":[{"url":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/09000651_text","url_text":"\"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Zurbrugg Mansion\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service","url_text":"National Park Service"}]},{"reference":"\"Kevin Riordan: Zurbrugg Mansion in Delanco now houses seniors\". philly-archives. Retrieved 2016-01-02.","urls":[{"url":"http://articles.philly.com/2011-01-20/news/27038752_1_nursing-home-affordable-apartments-waterfront-mansion","url_text":"\"Kevin Riordan: Zurbrugg Mansion in Delanco now houses seniors\""}]},{"reference":"\"Delanco's historic Carriage House will be couple's new home\". Courier-Post. Retrieved 2016-01-02.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.courierpostonline.com/story/news/local/south-jersey/2014/11/08/historic-carriage-house-part-redevelopment/18679259/","url_text":"\"Delanco's historic Carriage House will be couple's new home\""}]},{"reference":"\"New Homes Listed on the Delaware River | Patch\". Moorestown, NJ Patch. 13 October 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-02.","urls":[{"url":"http://patch.com/new-jersey/moorestown/riverwalk-delaware-new-homes-delaware-river-0#.VD1iJ_ldXtV","url_text":"\"New Homes Listed on the Delaware River | Patch\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27t_Was_%C3%A9%C3%A9n_April
't Was één April
["1 Plot","2 Cast","3 Background","4 References","5 External links"]
1936 Dutch film't Was één AprilDirected byDouglas Sirk and Jacques van TolWritten byH.W. Litschke, Rudo RitterRelease date 27 March 1936 (1936-03-27) Running time78 minutesCountryNetherlandsLanguageDutch 't Was één April is a 1936 Dutch film directed by Douglas Sirk and Jacques van Tol. It is a lost film. Plot When Mister Vlasman gets promoted from baking bread to making macaroni, he and his wife want to enter high society. They could not be happier when a wealthy baron offers to introduce them into the high class. What they don't realise is that this was all an April Fools' prank. Unfortunately for the pranksters, things get out of hand when a real baron visits the Vlasmans. Cast Jacques Van Bylevelt ... Heer Vlasman Tilly Perin-Bouwmeester ... Vlasmans vrouw Jopie Koopman ... Vlasmans dochter Rob Milton ... Vlasmans dochters verloofde Herman Tholen... Baron de Hoog van Vriesland Johan Kaart ... Handelaar Cissy Van Bennekom ... Vlasmans secretaresse Pau Dana ... Secretaresse Background The movie is a remake of the German film April, April! (1935), also directed by Douglas Sirk. In the German version the baron was a prince. Sirk never came to the Netherlands. All of his scenes were shot in Germany. Scenes in the Netherlands were directed by Jacques van Tol. No known copies of the film exist today. References ^ Film Totaal ^ Internet Movie Database - Trivia External links 't Was één April at IMDb vteFilms directed by Douglas Sirk April, April! (1935) The Girl from the Marsh Croft (1935) Pillars of Society (1935) 't Was één April (1936) Schlußakkord (1936) The Court Concert (1936) To New Shores (1937) La Habanera (1937) Final Accord (1938) Boefje (1939) Hitler's Madman (1943) Summer Storm (1944) A Scandal in Paris (1946) Lured (1947) Sleep, My Love (1948) Shockproof (1949) Slightly French (1949) Mystery Submarine (1950) The First Legion (1951) Thunder on the Hill (1951) The Lady Pays Off (1951) Week-End with Father (1951) No Room for the Groom (1952) Has Anybody Seen My Gal? (1952) Meet Me at the Fair (1953) Take Me to Town (1953) All I Desire (1953) Taza, Son of Cochise (1954) Magnificent Obsession (1954) Sign of the Pagan (1954) Captain Lightfoot (1955) All That Heaven Allows (1955) There's Always Tomorrow (1956) Written on the Wind (1956) Battle Hymn (1957) Interlude (1957) The Tarnished Angels (1958) A Time to Love and a Time to Die (1958) Imitation of Life (1959) This article related to a Dutch film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This 1930s drama film-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Eugene_Debeney
Marie Eugène Debeney
["1 Early life","2 First World War","2.1 Early War","2.2 Somme","2.3 Army Commander","2.4 Chief of Staff to Petain","2.5 German Spring Offensives","2.6 Planning Amiens","2.7 Battle of Amiens","2.8 Assault on the Hindenburg Line","3 Post-war","4 Publications","5 References","6 Bibliography","7 Further reading","8 External links"]
French army general (1864 – 1943) Eugène DebeneyGeneral Debeney in 192629th Chief of the Army StaffIn office9 January 1924 – 3 January 1930Preceded byEdmond BuatSucceeded byMaxime Weygand Personal detailsBorn(1864-05-05)5 May 1864Bourg-en-Bresse, French EmpireDied6 November 1943(1943-11-06) (aged 79)Bourg-en-Bresse, French StateNationalityFrenchSpouseMarie Caroline LacombeParentsCyrille Jean Baptiste Debeney (father)Marie Adelaïde Morellet (mother)Military serviceAllegiance Third RepublicBranch/serviceFrench Army Infantry Years of service1884 – 1930RankDivision generalUnit List 3rd Chasseurs Battalion 20th Chasseurs Battalion 26th Chasseurs Battalion 14th Chasseurs Battalion 53rd Infantry Regiment 21st Chasseurs Battalion 89th Infantry Regiment Commands List 57th Infantry Division 25th Infantry Division 38th Corps 32nd Corps 1st Army 7th Army Battles/warsFirst World War Marie Eugène Debeney (5 May 1864 – 6 November 1943) was a French Army general who fought in the First World War. He commanded a corps at the Battle of the Somme in 1916 then, in the second half of 1917, served as chief of staff to the French Commander-in-Chief Philippe Pétain. He then commanded the First Army which, fighting alongside British Empire forces, played an important role in the mobile fighting of 1918, including at the Battle of Amiens and the Storming of the Hindenburg Line. He later served an important term as Chief of the General Staff of the French army in the 1920s. Early life Marie-Eugène Debeney was born in Bourg-en-Bresse, Ain. A student at Saint-Cyr, Marie-Eugène Debeney became Lieutenant des Chasseurs in 1886. Debeney was professor of infantry tactics at the École de Guerre. He was an advocate of firepower, like Pétain and Fayolle, not a theorist of elan and the infantry offensive, like Grandmaison. First World War Early War He was Chief of Staff of the First Army in 1914. He then served two tours as commander of a division. Somme Debeney commanded a corps at Verdun in 1916. Later that year he commanded XXXII Corps on the Somme. Colonel Mangin, formerly of 79th Infantry Regiment, was his chief of staff. XXXII Corps took over the section of front near Sailly-Saillisel in October 1916. The first attack on 12 October was driven back. On 15 October the elite 66th Infantry Division took over the attack: two battalions of the 152nd Infantry Regiment (the "Red Devils") and 68th BCA (mountain infantry brigade) captured the rest of the Bois Tripot position and the ruins of the château that covered Sailly-Saillisel from the south-west and entered the village. There was then a six-day street fight whilst the French held off German counter-attacks. The French defence on 29 October was later used as a textbook example of successful defence. "This XXXII Corps is really very good", commented the Army commander General Fayolle (4 November). The weather on the Somme turned atrocious that autumn, and the remains of the last houses did not fall until 12 November. Army Commander Debeney served as commander of the Seventh Army in Alsace from late 1916 until the spring of 1917. Chief of Staff to Petain Debeney had long known Philippe Pétain and approved of his appointment as the French Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C). Debeney was appointed his chief of staff (replacing General Pont) on 2 May 1917. On 2 June 1917 Debeney met Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig (Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force) and told him that the French would still participate in Haig's upcoming Flanders offensive (First Army, now under Anthoine, moved north on 7 July, ready to provide the promised six divisions along with artillery and air support), but that the planned attack on the Chemin des Dames by Sixth Army, badly affected by the mutinies, was to be cancelled. Debeney estimated that a delay of a month would be needed to allow the troops rest and leave and to restore morale. Despite his later claims to have been motivated throughout the second half of 1917 by concerns about the state of the French Army, there is no evidence that Haig was particularly disturbed by this news. Second Army’s attack at Verdun was due to begin on 15 July. In the autumn of 1917, the two main Allied Prime Ministers, Lloyd George and Painlevé, were already beginning to discuss the formation of a joint Allied reserve, with a view to making Foch generalissimo in due course. Debeney commented that the Allies could never have beaten Napoleon without a joint command, "even though he was an idiot" (Sidney Clive notebooks 15 August and 3 September). On 10 October 1917 Debeney produced an abortive scheme for Pétain to be appointed coalition commander-in-chief. In September and October 1917 Debeney joined Pétain in blocking general staff proposals to attack in the difficult terrain of Alsace. After the initial successful British attack at the Battle of Cambrai, Debeney issued a note to army and army group commanders and army schools on 27 November 1917 - before the devastating German counterattack, but amidst increasing concerns that the Germans would be reinforced from the collapsing Eastern Front before the American forces were present in strength in France. The note demanded not just defence in depth but also the construction of bretelles (trenches perpendicular to the front lines to halt lateral exploitation in the event of a German breakthrough). All commanders were required to set labour works in motion immediately and to submit plans to GQG by 15 December. German Spring Offensives Debeney returned to the First Army as its commander, taking over from Anthoine, in December 1917. Together with Duchene’s Sixth Army, Humbert’s large Third Army, a cavalry corps, and an extra infantry corps, First Army made up Fayolle’s Reserve Army Group, which moved to hold the gap between British and French forces during the German March Offensive (which began on 21 March). The remnants of the British Fifth Army were also placed under Fayolle for a time. By 26 March 1918 First Army had the 133rd and 166th Infantry Divisions and the 4th Cavalry Division (which fought dismounted, even after exhausting its ammunition), joined by the 163rd Infantry Division on 29 March. Foch, newly appointed Allied generalissimo, ordered Debeney forward from Montdidier. He was in a difficult position, as many of his forces had yet to arrive. By 5 April Debeney’s Army had been reinforced by four of the French divisions which had been sent to Italy the previous winter after Caporetto, as well as by other divisions (VI Corps was transferred from Third to First Army), and was fighting hard. Debeney’s Army linked up with the Australian 35th Battalion to plug the gap at Villers-Bretonneux, the last high ground in front of Amiens. This marked the high watermark of the German advance. Planning Amiens First Army attacked west of the Avre on 23 July, capturing three villages, almost 2,000 prisoners and some guns. Debeney met with Rawlinson on 24 July to consolidate plans, the same day Haig and the other national commanders-in-chief met Foch. However, Rawlinson thought Debeney “in a great fright” and commented that it was “very unsatisfactory to have a man like Debeney to work with” and that he was “not altogether satisfied was doing things properly”, although he conceded that First Army “seem to have done very well and my Tanks helped them considerably”. In Greenhalgh's view Rawlinson was not making enough allowance for the heavy fighting by First Army in March and April, or for the advances which Debeney had made since 18 July despite his reserves having been removed for the counteroffensive on the Marne in July. First Army had three organic corps in July: IX, X and XXXI, reserve divisions having been taken off for the Marne sector. By 26 July Petain had supplied four more divisions. First Army took part, under Haig's command, in the Battle of Amiens, together with the British, Australian and Canadian forces of Rawlinson’s Fourth Army. Haig gave Debeney orders for a more active role on 29 July. Fayolle passed XXXV Corps to him and extended his front from 26 to 34 km. He was ordered to make a two-pronged attack, with converging attacks north east and south east to entrap the German defenders opposite his centre, covered by an artillery and infantry attack by French Third Army to his right. On 31 July XXXVI Corps, already deployed behind First Army, was put under Debeney’s command, although it remained in reserve. Debeney and Rawlinson attended the meeting of Haig, Foch and the liaison officer du Cane and other staff officers on 2 August. Rawlinson would have preferred the French to attack from Montdidier to pinch out the German salient, but Foch preferred the British and French to concentrate their forces by attacking side by side. Putting Debeney under Haig’s command also had the benefit, from Foch’s point of view, of cutting Petain, who had not been invited to the meeting and had little prior knowledge of the attack, out of the loop after friction between him and Foch during the Second Battle of the Marne. First Army was to attack across a front of 34km south of the Luce; from north to south it deployed XXXI Corps (42nd, 153rd and 66th Infantry Divisions, three "shock" divisions which had fought on the Somme in 1916, with another two in reserve), IX Corps (two divisions), X Corps (three divisions), XXXV Corps (two divisions, with another in reserve). In total there were ten divisions in the first wave, three in support, and XXVI Corps (two infantry and three cavalry divisions) in Army Reserve, facing eleven divisions of the German Second and Eighteenth Armies. Debeney also deployed 1,624 guns, 90 light tanks (only two battalions after losses on the Marne) and 1,000 aircraft, including the 600 aircraft of the Air Division, put under First Army command, conducting day and night bombing and attacking enemy balloons. The BEF unit on First Army's immediate left was a Canadian armoured car detachment under the French-born Brigadier-General Raymond Brutinel. On the right Humbert's Third Army, which had borne the brunt of the Battle of the Matz in June, was to join in on 10 August, as soon as Debeney had made enough progress, an aspiration thought absurdly optimistic by Petain's staff. Battle of Amiens On 7 August, having been ordered by Haig to attack the next day, Debeney and Rawlinson agreed to start the attack at 4:20 am. Fourth Army was to attack at that time, without any prior bombardment, then French XXXI Corps were to maintain surprise by attacking at 5:05 am, followed by IX Corps at 8:20 am, aiming to cross the Avre. Three out of Debeney's five corps attacked on 8 August 1918. That day II Colonial Corps was also put under Debeney's command. By the end of the day the French had advanced 8 km (the Canadians had advanced 10 km in their sector) and taken 7,000 prisoners. XXXV Corps on the southern flank was to join in on the third day (10 August) depending on results. Fayolle was now hoping to capture not just the Montdidier area but also the hilly ground around Boulogne la Grasse, 8 km SSE of Montdidier. On the day Foch telephoned Debeney twice to urge him to greater aggression. Haig visited Debeney on the afternoon of 8 August and found him “pleased with himself”. In the amended version of his diary he claimed that Debeney was “much distressed and almost in tears” because three battalions of Colonial Infantry had “bolted” before German machine gun fire. In fact the unit, part of 15th Colonial Infantry Division, appears to have met its objectives, and was part of IX Corps which was pulled out at the end of the second day having achieved all its objectives. Orders for 9 August were for IX and XXXI Corps to press on. That day Foch urged Debeney to continue to attack “with drums beating” and to "go quickly, straight ahead, manoeuvre, push from behind with all you have until you obtain a decision". That evening X and XXXV Corps (from the south) encircled Montdidier and that night German Eighteenth Army withdrew to north of Roye. First Army attacked again, in conjunction with Humbert's Third Army on its right flank, on 10 August. Montdidier fell on 10 August. After Amiens Debeney agreed with Rawlinson that further attacks risked running into strong resistance, and Rawlinson lobbied Haig to refuse to make any further attacks for the time being. Although Foch reluctantly came to accept that Haig had made the right decision, he moved Debeney's First Army back under the control of Fayolle's Reserve Army Group effective noon 16 August. Assault on the Hindenburg Line In the Allied General Offensive, beginning of 29 September, Debeney's Army supported the British by launching an artillery attack and attacking a German strongpoint 10 miles south of St Quentin. After a visit to Haig's GHQ Foch ordered First Army to shift its efforts north of St Quentin, but the British were still complaining about the French "hanging back". The French took St Quentin on 3 October, capturing 5,000 prisoners, then crossed the canal east of city. On 4 October Foch ordered Debeney to "support at all costs the right of the British Fourth Army". He chided Debeney directly. Rawlinson's diary is full of complaints about Debeney; gossip about his performance at Rawlinson's HQ became so common that “to deb” became a slang term for failing to carry out an assigned task. Even Fayolle commented that Debeney was merely following the British and acting “like a clockmaker”. In fact Debeney's own records for the period speak of heavy fighting. However, his Army had been stripped of artillery for the French Fourth Army and US First Army in the Argonne, an offensive to which Foch attached greater importance; only XXXVI Corps had three divisions, whilst his other three corps had two divisions each. Clayton states that during this stage of the war it was "generally" Debeney's policy to wait for adjoining formations to be the first to attack, so drawing off German reserves before he made his own attack. Delayed by supply problems like all the Allied armies, First Army did not push beyond St Quentin until after 8 October. Debeney's forces took part in the attack at Cambrai which broke the Hindenburg Line (8 October 1918). On 10 October, already aware from French intelligence that Germany had extended armistice feelers to the US, Foch ordered Debeney's First Army to extend its front northward and to overrun the line of the River Serre, to enable the British to concentrate their efforts at the liberation of Lille (which was liberated on 17 October) and between the rivers Sambre and Scheldt/Escaut towards Mons. As directed by Foch on 10 October and Petain the following day, First Army struck between St Quentin and Laon on 15 October, crossing the small Serre river. On 17 October Debeney attacked with five corps. That night the Germans withdrew to the Hunding position. He again attacked on 24 October. By 26 October First Army was breaking through, and on the night of 26/7 October the Germans pulled back 5 kilometres across most of First Army's front. Debeney had the honour of receiving the German ambassadors on 11 November for the Armistice. Post-war Commemorative tablet to General Debeney in Amiens Cathedral After the war he was Director of the École de Guerre, where he introduced a new curriculum, and often had his students “walk the ground” of his 1918 campaigns. He was commandant of La Place de Paris and a member of the commission which wrote France's postwar doctrinal manual: “Instruction provisoire sur l’emploi tactiques des grandes unités” (1922). As Chief of the General Staff in 1923-30 he helped shape the Basic Laws of 1927 and 1928, which implemented a reduction in the term of conscription from eighteen months to one year and shaped the French Army of the 1930s and 1940. Philpott describes him as “the dominant figure in the French Army in the 1920s, after Foch and Pétain at least”. France, her birthrate badly depleted by the war, had a population of 40 million to face Germany with a population of 80 million. While France was to be defended by the Maginot Line and her network of allies in central Europe, the plan was for the main French army to defeat a German incursion through Belgium by bataille conduite (methodical battle). This was to be materiel-intensive fighting along a broad front, inspired by Foch's operations in 1918. A statue of Foch stands on the Bapaume-Peronne road, near the village of Bouchavesnes, at the point where Messimy’s chasseurs broke through on 12 September 1916. Debeney described the statue at its unveiling in 1926 as “the effigy of the conqueror of the Somme”, who had “reawakened the spirit of the offensive in our army and given it the confidence that success would follow from careful preparation and bold execution”. The Somme was “the first of the great massed battles, in which we asserted our tactical superiority over the enemy … After the Somme (Foch) began to abandon the simplistic idea of obtaining success by breaking a short section of the enemy’s front, replacing it with the more fruitful idea, which was to give us victory, of progressively dislocating the various sectors of the front”. Mentioned in despatches four times, he also received the cravate de commandeur for his actions in the battle of the Somme and became a Grand officier (battle of Saint-Quentin) and then (in 1923) grand cross of the Légion d'honneur. Finally, in 1926 he received the supreme reward for a general in time of war, the Médaille Militaire which he always wore. Several streets in Debeney's birthplace are named after him. His son Victor Debeney was a French general and head of the secretariat of Philippe Pétain. Publications L'Évolution des armées modernes, 1936 La Guerre et les hommmes: Réflexions d'après-guerre, Plon, 1937, which won the prix de l'Académie Française Vauban Sur la sécurité militaire de la France References ^ Government of the French Republic. "Birth certificate of Debeney, Marie Eugène". culture.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 September 2020. ^ Government of the French Republic. "Death certificate of Debeney, Marie Eugène". culture.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 September 2020. ^ Philpott 2009, p. 398. ^ Philpott 2009, p. 20. ^ a b c d Greenhalgh 2014, p. 223. ^ Philpott 2009, pp. 398–399. ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p. 230. ^ Doughty 2005, pp. 377–378. ^ Greenhalgh 2005, p. 166. ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p. 268. ^ Doughty 2005, p. 392. ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p. 246. ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p.274 ^ Clayton 2003, p150-1 ^ Doughty 2009, p439 ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p.274 ^ Clayton 2003, p150-1 Clayton states that First Army already contained six divisions in March, which does not quite match the more detailed information given by Greenhalgh (2014) ^ Doughty 2009, p439 ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p.274 ^ Philpott 2009, p508 ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p.324 ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p. 324-6 ^ Doughty 2009, p476-9 ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p.324-6 ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p.325-6 ^ Philpott 2009, p520-1 ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p.326-7 ^ Clayton 2003, p156 ^ Philpott 2009, p525-6 ^ Doughty 2009, p476-9 ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p. 327 ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p. 327-8 ^ Philpott 2009, p525-6 ^ Doughty 2009, p476-9 ^ Clayton 2003, p156 ^ Greenhalgh 2005, p251 ^ Doughty 2009, p476-9 ^ Doughty 2009, p489 Doughty states that St Quentin was encircled on 1 October and fell on 2 October, which does not tally with Philpott 2009 or Greenhalgh 2014 ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p.341 ^ Greenhalgh 2005, p254 ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p.341 ^ Clayton 2003, p160 ^ Doughty 2009, p492 ^ Clayton 2003, p157 ^ Greenhalgh 2014, p.355-6 ^ Doughty 2009, p499 ^ Philpott 2009, p571-2 ^ Doughty 2009, p515 ^ Philpott 2009, p441, p555 Bibliography Clayton, Anthony (2003). Paths of Glory. Cassell, London. ISBN 0-304-35949-1. Doughty, Robert A. (2005). Pyrrhic Victory. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02726-8. Greenhalgh, Elizabeth (2005). Victory Through Coalition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09629-4. Greenhalgh, Elizabeth (2014). The French Army and the First World War. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-60568-8. Philpott, W. (2009). Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century (1st ed.). London: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-1-4087-0108-9. Further reading Krause, Jonathan; Philpott, William (2023). French Generals of the Great War: Leading the Way. Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1781592526. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marie-Eugène Debeney. Service records of General Debeney vteWorld War I Outline Military engagements Aftermath Economic history Geography Historiography Home fronts Memorials Opposition Popular culture Propaganda Puppet states Technology TheatresEuropean Balkans Serbia Western Front Eastern Front Romania Italian Front Middle Eastern Gallipoli Sinai and Palestine Caucasus Persia Mesopotamia South Arabia Central Arabia African South West East Kamerun Togoland North Asian and Pacific Tsingtao German Samoa German New Guinea Naval warfare U-boat campaign North Atlantic Mediterranean PrincipalparticipantsEntente Powers Leaders Belgium Brazil China France French Empire Greece Italy Japan Empire of Japan Montenegro Portuguese Empire Romania Russia Russian Empire Russian Republic Serbia Siam United Kingdom British Empire United States Central Powers Leaders Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Senussi South African Republic Darfur TimelinePre-War conflicts Franco-Prussian War (1870–71) Scramble for Africa (1880–1914) Russo-Japanese War (1905) Tangier Crisis (1905–06) Bosnian Crisis (1908–09) Agadir Crisis (1911) Italo-Turkish War (1911–12) First Balkan War (1912–13) Second Balkan War (1913) Prelude Origins Historiography Sarajevo assassination Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo July Crisis 1914 German invasion of Belgium Battle of the Frontiers Battle of Cer Battle of Galicia Russian invasion of East Prussia Battle of Tannenberg Siege of Tsingtao First Battle of the Masurian Lakes Battle of Grand Couronné First Battle of the Marne Siege of Przemyśl Race to the Sea First Battle of Ypres Black Sea raid Battle of Kolubara Battle of Sarikamish Christmas truce 1915 Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes Battle of Łomża Second Battle of Ypres Sinking of the RMS Lusitania Battle of Gallipoli Second Battle of Artois Battles of the Isonzo Gorlice–Tarnów offensive Great Retreat Bug-Narew Offensive Siege of Novogeorgievsk Vistula–Bug offensive Second Battle of Champagne Kosovo offensive Siege of Kut Battle of Loos Battle of Robat Karim 1916 Erzurum offensive Battle of Verdun Lake Naroch offensive Battle of Asiago Battle of Jutland Battle of the Somme first day Brusilov offensive Baranovichi offensive Battle of Romani Monastir offensive Battle of Transylvania 1917 Capture of Baghdad February Revolution Zimmermann Telegram Second Battle of Arras Second Battle of the Aisne Kerensky offensive Battle of Mărăști Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) Battle of Mărășești Third Battle of Oituz Battle of Caporetto Southern Palestine offensive October Revolution Battle of La Malmaison Battle of Cambrai Armistice of Focșani Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 1918 Operation Faustschlag Treaty of Brest-Litovsk German spring offensive Zeebrugge Raid Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 Battle of Goychay Second Battle of the Piave River Second Battle of the Marne Hundred Days Offensive Vardar offensive Battle of Megiddo Third Transjordan attack Meuse–Argonne offensive Battle of Vittorio Veneto 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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"French Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Army"},{"link_name":"First World War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"},{"link_name":"Battle of the Somme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme"},{"link_name":"Philippe Pétain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain"},{"link_name":"First Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Army_(France)"},{"link_name":"Battle of Amiens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Amiens_(1918)"},{"link_name":"Hindenburg Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindenburg_Line"},{"link_name":"Chief of the General Staff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(France)"}],"text":"Marie Eugène Debeney (5 May 1864[1] – 6 November 1943[2]) was a French Army general who fought in the First World War. He commanded a corps at the Battle of the Somme in 1916 then, in the second half of 1917, served as chief of staff to the French Commander-in-Chief Philippe Pétain. He then commanded the First Army which, fighting alongside British Empire forces, played an important role in the mobile fighting of 1918, including at the Battle of Amiens and the Storming of the Hindenburg Line.He later served an important term as Chief of the General Staff of the French army in the 1920s.","title":"Marie Eugène Debeney"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bourg-en-Bresse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourg-en-Bresse"},{"link_name":"Ain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain"},{"link_name":"Saint-Cyr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_sp%C3%A9ciale_militaire_de_Saint-Cyr"},{"link_name":"École de Guerre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_Guerre"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpott2009398-3"},{"link_name":"Pétain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain"},{"link_name":"Fayolle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emile_Fayolle"},{"link_name":"Grandmaison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Loyzeau_de_Grandmaison"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpott200920-4"}],"text":"Marie-Eugène Debeney was born in Bourg-en-Bresse, Ain. A student at Saint-Cyr, Marie-Eugène Debeney became Lieutenant des Chasseurs in 1886.Debeney was professor of infantry tactics at the École de Guerre.[3] He was an advocate of firepower, like Pétain and Fayolle, not a theorist of elan and the infantry offensive, like Grandmaison.[4]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"First World War"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"First Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Army_(France)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenhalgh2014223-5"}],"sub_title":"Early War","text":"He was Chief of Staff of the First Army in 1914. He then served two tours as commander of a division.[5]","title":"First World War"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Verdun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenhalgh2014223-5"},{"link_name":"on the Somme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme"},{"link_name":"General Fayolle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emile_Fayolle"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpott2009398%E2%80%93399-6"}],"sub_title":"Somme","text":"Debeney commanded a corps at Verdun in 1916.[5]Later that year he commanded XXXII Corps on the Somme. Colonel Mangin, formerly of 79th Infantry Regiment, was his chief of staff. XXXII Corps took over the section of front near Sailly-Saillisel in October 1916. The first attack on 12 October was driven back. On 15 October the elite 66th Infantry Division took over the attack: two battalions of the 152nd Infantry Regiment (the \"Red Devils\") and 68th BCA (mountain infantry brigade) captured the rest of the Bois Tripot position and the ruins of the château that covered Sailly-Saillisel from the south-west and entered the village. There was then a six-day street fight whilst the French held off German counter-attacks. The French defence on 29 October was later used as a textbook example of successful defence. \"This XXXII Corps is really very good\", commented the Army commander General Fayolle (4 November). The weather on the Somme turned atrocious that autumn, and the remains of the last houses did not fall until 12 November.[6]","title":"First World War"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Seventh Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh_Army_(France)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenhalgh2014223-5"}],"sub_title":"Army Commander","text":"Debeney served as commander of the Seventh Army in Alsace from late 1916 until the spring of 1917.[5]","title":"First World War"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Philippe Pétain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain"},{"link_name":"Commander-in-Chief","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commander-in-chief"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenhalgh2014223-5"},{"link_name":"Field Marshal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_marshal_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"Sir Douglas Haig","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Haig,_1st_Earl_Haig"},{"link_name":"British Expeditionary Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_I)"},{"link_name":"upcoming Flanders offensive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele"},{"link_name":"Anthoine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Anthoine"},{"link_name":"Chemin des Dames","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemin_des_Dames"},{"link_name":"Sixth Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Army_(France)"},{"link_name":"mutinies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Army_Mutinies"},{"link_name":"Second Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Army_(France)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenhalgh2014230-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoughty2005377%E2%80%93378-8"},{"link_name":"Lloyd George","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Lloyd_George"},{"link_name":"Painlevé","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"Foch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Foch"},{"link_name":"Napoleon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon"},{"link_name":"Sidney Clive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Clive"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenhalgh2005166-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenhalgh2014268-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoughty2005392-11"},{"link_name":"Battle of Cambrai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)"},{"link_name":"Eastern Front","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)"},{"link_name":"defence in depth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_in_depth"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenhalgh2014246-12"}],"sub_title":"Chief of Staff to Petain","text":"Debeney had long known Philippe Pétain and approved of his appointment as the French Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C). Debeney was appointed his chief of staff (replacing General Pont) on 2 May 1917.[5]On 2 June 1917 Debeney met Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig (Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force) and told him that the French would still participate in Haig's upcoming Flanders offensive (First Army, now under Anthoine, moved north on 7 July, ready to provide the promised six divisions along with artillery and air support), but that the planned attack on the Chemin des Dames by Sixth Army, badly affected by the mutinies, was to be cancelled. Debeney estimated that a delay of a month would be needed to allow the troops rest and leave and to restore morale. Despite his later claims to have been motivated throughout the second half of 1917 by concerns about the state of the French Army, there is no evidence that Haig was particularly disturbed by this news. Second Army’s attack at Verdun was due to begin on 15 July.[7][8]In the autumn of 1917, the two main Allied Prime Ministers, Lloyd George and Painlevé, were already beginning to discuss the formation of a joint Allied reserve, with a view to making Foch generalissimo in due course. Debeney commented that the Allies could never have beaten Napoleon without a joint command, \"even though he was an idiot\" (Sidney Clive notebooks 15 August and 3 September).[9] On 10 October 1917 Debeney produced an abortive scheme for Pétain to be appointed coalition commander-in-chief.[10] In September and October 1917 Debeney joined Pétain in blocking general staff proposals to attack in the difficult terrain of Alsace.[11]After the initial successful British attack at the Battle of Cambrai, Debeney issued a note to army and army group commanders and army schools on 27 November 1917 - before the devastating German counterattack, but amidst increasing concerns that the Germans would be reinforced from the collapsing Eastern Front before the American forces were present in strength in France. The note demanded not just defence in depth but also the construction of bretelles (trenches perpendicular to the front lines to halt lateral exploitation in the event of a German breakthrough). All commanders were required to set labour works in motion immediately and to submit plans to GQG by 15 December.[12]","title":"First World War"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Duchene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Auguste_Duchene"},{"link_name":"Sixth Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Army_(France)"},{"link_name":"Humbert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Louis_Humbert"},{"link_name":"Third Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Army_(France)"},{"link_name":"Fayolle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emile_Fayolle"},{"link_name":"the German March Offensive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Michael"},{"link_name":"British Fifth Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Army_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Foch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Foch"},{"link_name":"Caporetto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"sub_title":"German Spring Offensives","text":"Debeney returned to the First Army as its commander, taking over from Anthoine, in December 1917.[13]Together with Duchene’s Sixth Army, Humbert’s large Third Army, a cavalry corps, and an extra infantry corps, First Army made up Fayolle’s Reserve Army Group, which moved to hold the gap between British and French forces during the German March Offensive (which began on 21 March). The remnants of the British Fifth Army were also placed under Fayolle for a time.[14][15][16]By 26 March 1918 First Army had the 133rd and 166th Infantry Divisions and the 4th Cavalry Division (which fought dismounted, even after exhausting its ammunition), joined by the 163rd Infantry Division on 29 March. Foch, newly appointed Allied generalissimo, ordered Debeney forward from Montdidier. He was in a difficult position, as many of his forces had yet to arrive. By 5 April Debeney’s Army had been reinforced by four of the French divisions which had been sent to Italy the previous winter after Caporetto, as well as by other divisions (VI Corps was transferred from Third to First Army), and was fighting hard.[17][18][19]Debeney’s Army linked up with the Australian 35th Battalion to plug the gap at Villers-Bretonneux, the last high ground in front of Amiens. This marked the high watermark of the German advance.[20]","title":"First World War"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rawlinson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson"},{"link_name":"counteroffensive on the Marne in July","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Battle of Amiens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Amiens_(1918)"},{"link_name":"Rawlinson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baron_Rawlinson"},{"link_name":"Fourth Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Army_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"du Cane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Du_Cane"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"Second","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Army_(German_Empire)"},{"link_name":"Eighteenth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_Army_(German_Empire)"},{"link_name":"Raymond Brutinel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Brutinel"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"}],"sub_title":"Planning Amiens","text":"First Army attacked west of the Avre on 23 July, capturing three villages, almost 2,000 prisoners and some guns. Debeney met with Rawlinson on 24 July to consolidate plans, the same day Haig and the other national commanders-in-chief met Foch. However, Rawlinson thought Debeney “in a great fright” and commented that it was “very unsatisfactory to have a man like Debeney to work with” and that he was “not altogether satisfied [Debeney] was doing things properly”, although he conceded that First Army “seem to have done very well and my Tanks helped them considerably”. In Greenhalgh's view Rawlinson was not making enough allowance for the heavy fighting by First Army in March and April, or for the advances which Debeney had made since 18 July despite his reserves having been removed for the counteroffensive on the Marne in July.[21] First Army had three organic corps in July: IX, X and XXXI, reserve divisions having been taken off for the Marne sector. By 26 July Petain had supplied four more divisions.[22]First Army took part, under Haig's command, in the Battle of Amiens, together with the British, Australian and Canadian forces of Rawlinson’s Fourth Army. Haig gave Debeney orders for a more active role on 29 July. Fayolle passed XXXV Corps to him and extended his front from 26 to 34 km. He was ordered to make a two-pronged attack, with converging attacks north east and south east to entrap the German defenders opposite his centre, covered by an artillery and infantry attack by French Third Army to his right.[23] On 31 July XXXVI Corps, already deployed behind First Army, was put under Debeney’s command, although it remained in reserve. Debeney and Rawlinson attended the meeting of Haig, Foch and the liaison officer du Cane and other staff officers on 2 August. Rawlinson would have preferred the French to attack from Montdidier to pinch out the German salient, but Foch preferred the British and French to concentrate their forces by attacking side by side. Putting Debeney under Haig’s command also had the benefit, from Foch’s point of view, of cutting Petain, who had not been invited to the meeting and had little prior knowledge of the attack, out of the loop after friction between him and Foch during the Second Battle of the Marne.[24]First Army was to attack across a front of 34km south of the Luce; from north to south it deployed XXXI Corps (42nd, 153rd and 66th Infantry Divisions, three \"shock\" divisions which had fought on the Somme in 1916, with another two in reserve), IX Corps (two divisions), X Corps (three divisions), XXXV Corps (two divisions, with another in reserve). In total there were ten divisions in the first wave, three in support, and XXVI Corps (two infantry and three cavalry divisions) in Army Reserve, facing eleven divisions of the German Second and Eighteenth Armies. Debeney also deployed 1,624 guns, 90 light tanks (only two battalions after losses on the Marne) and 1,000 aircraft, including the 600 aircraft of the Air Division, put under First Army command, conducting day and night bombing and attacking enemy balloons. The BEF unit on First Army's immediate left was a Canadian armoured car detachment under the French-born Brigadier-General Raymond Brutinel. On the right Humbert's Third Army, which had borne the brunt of the Battle of the Matz in June, was to join in on 10 August, as soon as Debeney had made enough progress, an aspiration thought absurdly optimistic by Petain's staff.[25][26]","title":"First World War"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"German Eighteenth Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_Army_(German_Empire)"},{"link_name":"Third Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Army_(France)"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"}],"sub_title":"Battle of Amiens","text":"On 7 August, having been ordered by Haig to attack the next day, Debeney and Rawlinson agreed to start the attack at 4:20 am. Fourth Army was to attack at that time, without any prior bombardment, then French XXXI Corps were to maintain surprise by attacking at 5:05 am, followed by IX Corps at 8:20 am, aiming to cross the Avre. Three out of Debeney's five corps attacked on 8 August 1918. That day II Colonial Corps was also put under Debeney's command. By the end of the day the French had advanced 8 km (the Canadians had advanced 10 km in their sector) and taken 7,000 prisoners. XXXV Corps on the southern flank was to join in on the third day (10 August) depending on results. Fayolle was now hoping to capture not just the Montdidier area but also the hilly ground around Boulogne la Grasse, 8 km SSE of Montdidier.[27][28]On the day Foch telephoned Debeney twice to urge him to greater aggression.[29][30] Haig visited Debeney on the afternoon of 8 August and found him “pleased with himself”. In the amended version of his diary he claimed that Debeney was “much distressed and almost in tears” because three battalions of Colonial Infantry had “bolted” before German machine gun fire. In fact the unit, part of 15th Colonial Infantry Division, appears to have met its objectives, and was part of IX Corps which was pulled out at the end of the second day having achieved all its objectives.[31] Orders for 9 August were for IX and XXXI Corps to press on. That day Foch urged Debeney to continue to attack “with drums beating” and to \"go quickly, straight ahead, manoeuvre, push from behind with all you have until you obtain a decision\". That evening X and XXXV Corps (from the south) encircled Montdidier and that night German Eighteenth Army withdrew to north of Roye. First Army attacked again, in conjunction with Humbert's Third Army on its right flank, on 10 August. Montdidier fell on 10 August.[32][33][34][35]After Amiens Debeney agreed with Rawlinson that further attacks risked running into strong resistance, and Rawlinson lobbied Haig to refuse to make any further attacks for the time being. Although Foch reluctantly came to accept that Haig had made the right decision, he moved Debeney's First Army back under the control of Fayolle's Reserve Army Group effective noon 16 August.[36][37]","title":"First World War"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"French Fourth Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Army_(France)"},{"link_name":"US First Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_United_States_Army"},{"link_name":"Argonne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meuse-Argonne_Offensive"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"}],"sub_title":"Assault on the Hindenburg Line","text":"In the Allied General Offensive, beginning of 29 September, Debeney's Army supported the British by launching an artillery attack and attacking a German strongpoint 10 miles south of St Quentin. After a visit to Haig's GHQ Foch ordered First Army to shift its efforts north of St Quentin, but the British were still complaining about the French \"hanging back\". The French took St Quentin on 3 October, capturing 5,000 prisoners, then crossed the canal east of city. On 4 October Foch ordered Debeney to \"support at all costs the right of the British Fourth Army\". He chided Debeney directly.[38][39]Rawlinson's diary is full of complaints about Debeney; gossip about his performance at Rawlinson's HQ became so common that “to deb” became a slang term for failing to carry out an assigned task. Even Fayolle commented that Debeney was merely following the British and acting “like a clockmaker”. In fact Debeney's own records for the period speak of heavy fighting. However, his Army had been stripped of artillery for the French Fourth Army and US First Army in the Argonne, an offensive to which Foch attached greater importance; only XXXVI Corps had three divisions, whilst his other three corps had two divisions each.[40][41] Clayton states that during this stage of the war it was \"generally\" Debeney's policy to wait for adjoining formations to be the first to attack, so drawing off German reserves before he made his own attack.[42]Delayed by supply problems like all the Allied armies, First Army did not push beyond St Quentin until after 8 October.[43] Debeney's forces took part in the attack at Cambrai which broke the Hindenburg Line (8 October 1918).[44] On 10 October, already aware from French intelligence that Germany had extended armistice feelers to the US, Foch ordered Debeney's First Army to extend its front northward and to overrun the line of the River Serre, to enable the British to concentrate their efforts at the liberation of Lille (which was liberated on 17 October) and between the rivers Sambre and Scheldt/Escaut towards Mons.[45] As directed by Foch on 10 October and Petain the following day, First Army struck between St Quentin and Laon on 15 October, crossing the small Serre river. On 17 October Debeney attacked with five corps. That night the Germans withdrew to the Hunding position. He again attacked on 24 October. By 26 October First Army was breaking through, and on the night of 26/7 October the Germans pulled back 5 kilometres across most of First Army's front.[46]Debeney had the honour of receiving the German ambassadors on 11 November for the Armistice.","title":"First World War"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Memorial_tablet_to_General_Debeney_in_Amiens_Cathedral.JPG"},{"link_name":"Amiens Cathedral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiens_Cathedral"},{"link_name":"Chief of the General Staff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(France)"},{"link_name":"conscription","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_France"},{"link_name":"Maginot Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maginot_Line"},{"link_name":"network of allies in central Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Entente"},{"link_name":"methodical battle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Methodical_battle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"},{"link_name":"Foch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Foch"},{"link_name":"Messimy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphe_Messimy"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"battle of the Somme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme"},{"link_name":"Médaille Militaire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_Militaire"},{"link_name":"Victor Debeney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Debeney"},{"link_name":"Philippe Pétain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain"}],"text":"Commemorative tablet to General Debeney in Amiens CathedralAfter the war he was Director of the École de Guerre, where he introduced a new curriculum, and often had his students “walk the ground” of his 1918 campaigns. He was commandant of La Place de Paris and a member of the commission which wrote France's postwar doctrinal manual: “Instruction provisoire sur l’emploi tactiques des grandes unités” (1922). As Chief of the General Staff in 1923-30 he helped shape the Basic Laws of 1927 and 1928, which implemented a reduction in the term of conscription from eighteen months to one year and shaped the French Army of the 1930s and 1940. Philpott describes him as “the dominant figure in the French Army in the 1920s, after Foch and Pétain at least”. France, her birthrate badly depleted by the war, had a population of 40 million to face Germany with a population of 80 million. While France was to be defended by the Maginot Line and her network of allies in central Europe, the plan was for the main French army to defeat a German incursion through Belgium by bataille conduite (methodical battle). This was to be materiel-intensive fighting along a broad front, inspired by Foch's operations in 1918.[47][48]A statue of Foch stands on the Bapaume-Peronne road, near the village of Bouchavesnes, at the point where Messimy’s chasseurs broke through on 12 September 1916. Debeney described the statue at its unveiling in 1926 as “the effigy of the conqueror of the Somme”, who had “reawakened the spirit of the offensive in our army and given it the confidence that success would follow from careful preparation and bold execution”. The Somme was “the first of the great massed battles, in which we asserted our tactical superiority over the enemy … After the Somme (Foch) began to abandon the simplistic idea of obtaining success by breaking a short section of the enemy’s front, replacing it with the more fruitful idea, which was to give us victory, of progressively dislocating the various sectors of the front”.[49]Mentioned in despatches four times, he also received the cravate de commandeur for his actions in the battle of the Somme and became a Grand officier (battle of Saint-Quentin) and then (in 1923) grand cross of the Légion d'honneur. Finally, in 1926 he received the supreme reward for a general in time of war, the Médaille Militaire which he always wore.Several streets in Debeney's birthplace are named after him.His son Victor Debeney was a French general and head of the secretariat of Philippe Pétain.","title":"Post-war"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Académie Française","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Fran%C3%A7aise"}],"text":"L'Évolution des armées modernes, 1936\nLa Guerre et les hommmes: Réflexions d'après-guerre, Plon, 1937, which won the prix de l'Académie Française\nVauban\nSur la sécurité militaire de la France","title":"Publications"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-304-35949-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35949-1"},{"link_name":"Doughty, Robert A.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Doughty"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-674-02726-8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02726-8"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-521-09629-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-09629-4"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-107-60568-8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-60568-8"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-4087-0108-9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4087-0108-9"}],"text":"Clayton, Anthony (2003). Paths of Glory. Cassell, London. ISBN 0-304-35949-1.\nDoughty, Robert A. (2005). Pyrrhic Victory. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02726-8.\nGreenhalgh, Elizabeth (2005). Victory Through Coalition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09629-4.\nGreenhalgh, Elizabeth (2014). The French Army and the First World War. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-60568-8.\nPhilpott, W. (2009). Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century (1st ed.). London: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-1-4087-0108-9.","title":"Bibliography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"French Generals of the Great War: Leading the Way","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=O9S4EAAAQBAJ"},{"link_name":"Pen and Sword Books","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_and_Sword_Books"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1781592526","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1781592526"}],"text":"Krause, Jonathan; Philpott, William (2023). French Generals of the Great War: Leading the Way. Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1781592526.","title":"Further reading"}]
[{"image_text":"Commemorative tablet to General Debeney in Amiens Cathedral","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Memorial_tablet_to_General_Debeney_in_Amiens_Cathedral.JPG/220px-Memorial_tablet_to_General_Debeney_in_Amiens_Cathedral.JPG"}]
null
[{"reference":"Government of the French Republic. \"Birth certificate of Debeney, Marie Eugène\". culture.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 September 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/LH/LH062/PG/FRDAFAN83_OL0677087V031.htm","url_text":"\"Birth certificate of Debeney, Marie Eugène\""}]},{"reference":"Government of the French Republic. \"Death certificate of Debeney, Marie Eugène\". culture.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 September 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/LH/LH062/PG/FRDAFAN83_OL0677087V001.htm","url_text":"\"Death certificate of Debeney, Marie Eugène\""}]},{"reference":"Clayton, Anthony (2003). Paths of Glory. Cassell, London. ISBN 0-304-35949-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35949-1","url_text":"0-304-35949-1"}]},{"reference":"Doughty, Robert A. (2005). Pyrrhic Victory. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02726-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Doughty","url_text":"Doughty, Robert A."},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02726-8","url_text":"978-0-674-02726-8"}]},{"reference":"Greenhalgh, Elizabeth (2005). Victory Through Coalition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09629-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-09629-4","url_text":"978-0-521-09629-4"}]},{"reference":"Greenhalgh, Elizabeth (2014). The French Army and the First World War. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-60568-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-60568-8","url_text":"978-1-107-60568-8"}]},{"reference":"Philpott, W. (2009). Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century (1st ed.). London: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-1-4087-0108-9.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4087-0108-9","url_text":"978-1-4087-0108-9"}]},{"reference":"Krause, Jonathan; Philpott, William (2023). French Generals of the Great War: Leading the Way. Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1781592526.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=O9S4EAAAQBAJ","url_text":"French Generals of the Great War: Leading the Way"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_and_Sword_Books","url_text":"Pen and Sword Books"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1781592526","url_text":"978-1781592526"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%27t_Stand_Anymore
Can't Stand Anymore
["1 Synopsis","2 Cast","2.1 Main","2.2 Supporting","3 Production","4 References","5 External links"]
2013 South Korean television series Can't Stand AnymorePromotional posterHangul더 이상은 못 참아 GenreRomanceCreated byJTBC Production PlanWritten bySeo Young-myungPark Byung-wookDirected byLee Min-chulYoon Jae-wonStarringBaek Il-seobSunwoo Yong-nyeoLee Young-eunKim Jin-wooCountry of originSouth KoreaOriginal languageKoreanNo. of episodes111ProductionExecutive producerJo Joon-hyungRunning time40 minutesProduction companiesDrama HouseJS PicturesOriginal releaseNetworkJTBCReleaseAugust 5, 2013 (2013-08-05) –January 9, 2014 (2014-01-09) Can't Stand Anymore (Korean: 더 이상은 못 참아; RR: Deo Isangeun Mot Chama; lit. Can't Take It Anymore) is a 2013–14 South Korean television series starring Baek Il-seob, Sunwoo Yong-nyeo, Lee Young-eun and Kim Jin-woo. It aired on JTBC's Monday–Friday time slot from August 5, 2013 to January 9, 2014. Synopsis The story of Gil Bok-ja (Sunwoo Yong-nyeo) who decides to get a divorce after 50 years of marriage. Cast Main Baek Il-seob as Hwang Jong-gap Sunwoo Yong-nyeo as Gil Bok-ja Lee Young-eun as Hwang Sun-joo Kim Jin-woo as Jo Sung-woo Supporting Oh Young-shil as Hwang Sun-ae Kim Hyung-il as Park Chang-soo Min Ji-young as Jin Ae-hee Lee Yul-eum as Park Eun-mi Park Chang-ik as Park Eun-soo Choi Ji-won as Yoon So-hyun Sunwoo Jae-duk as Hwang Sun-ho Bang Eun-hee as Yoo Jung-sook Kim Young-jae as Hwang Jae-min Kim Sung-min as Hwang Kang-ho Ahn Yeon-hong as Noh Young-hee Jo Min-ah as Hwang Jin-joo Hong Yeo-jin as Lee Nak-bok Chae So-young as Joo Se-yong Park Young-ji as Oh Man-bong Greena Park as Oh Seung-ri Kim Hyun-joon as Hong Bok-gyu Han Seung-hyun as Yoon Ji-hyun Lee Dae-ro as Grandfather Production Screenwriter Seo Young-myung, who signed an exclusive contract with JS Pictures in 2010, was notified of the annulation of her contract on September 6, 2013. At the time, 25 episodes had aired and seven more had been written. She filed a lawsuit for damages against the producers and broadcasters. She was replaced by Park Byung-wook. References ^ "JTBC worldwide : Can't Stand Anymore". JTBC. Retrieved June 12, 2020. ^ "Lee Young-eun-I in "Can't Take It Anymore"". HanCinema. June 26, 2013. ^ "Kim Jin-woo cast for JTBC "Can't Take it Anymore"". HanCinema. July 1, 2013. ^ "Kim Sung-min to star in JTBC "Can't Take It Anymore"". HanCinema. June 26, 2013. ^ Lee, Eun-ji (December 2, 2013). "서영명 작가, JTBC·JS픽쳐스 상대로 52억 손해배상 소송 ". My Daily (in Korean). Naver. Retrieved June 12, 2020. External links Official website (in Korean) Can't Stand Anymore at HanCinema
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Korean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language"},{"link_name":"RR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean"},{"link_name":"South Korean television series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_drama"},{"link_name":"Baek Il-seob","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baek_Il-seob"},{"link_name":"Sunwoo Yong-nyeo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunwoo_Yong-nyeo"},{"link_name":"Lee Young-eun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Young-eun"},{"link_name":"Kim Jin-woo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jin-woo_(actor)"},{"link_name":"JTBC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JTBC"}],"text":"Can't Stand Anymore[1] (Korean: 더 이상은 못 참아; RR: Deo Isangeun Mot Chama; lit. Can't Take It Anymore) is a 2013–14 South Korean television series starring Baek Il-seob, Sunwoo Yong-nyeo, Lee Young-eun and Kim Jin-woo. It aired on JTBC's Monday–Friday time slot from August 5, 2013 to January 9, 2014.","title":"Can't Stand Anymore"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sunwoo Yong-nyeo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunwoo_Yong-nyeo"}],"text":"The story of Gil Bok-ja (Sunwoo Yong-nyeo) who decides to get a divorce after 50 years of marriage.","title":"Synopsis"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Baek Il-seob","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baek_Il-seob"},{"link_name":"Sunwoo Yong-nyeo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunwoo_Yong-nyeo"},{"link_name":"Lee Young-eun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Young-eun"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Kim Jin-woo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jin-woo_(actor)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"sub_title":"Main","text":"Baek Il-seob as Hwang Jong-gap\nSunwoo Yong-nyeo as Gil Bok-ja\nLee Young-eun as Hwang Sun-joo[2]\nKim Jin-woo as Jo Sung-woo[3]","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lee Yul-eum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Yul-eum"},{"link_name":"Sunwoo Jae-duk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunwoo_Jae-duk"},{"link_name":"Bang Eun-hee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bang_Eun-hee"},{"link_name":"Kim Young-jae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Young-jae_(actor,_born_1995)"},{"link_name":"Kim Sung-min","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Sung-min_(actor)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Hong Yeo-jin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Yeo-jin"},{"link_name":"Greena Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greena_Park"}],"sub_title":"Supporting","text":"Oh Young-shil as Hwang Sun-ae\nKim Hyung-il as Park Chang-soo\nMin Ji-young as Jin Ae-hee\nLee Yul-eum as Park Eun-mi\nPark Chang-ik as Park Eun-soo\nChoi Ji-won as Yoon So-hyun\nSunwoo Jae-duk as Hwang Sun-ho\nBang Eun-hee as Yoo Jung-sook\nKim Young-jae as Hwang Jae-min\nKim Sung-min as Hwang Kang-ho[4]\nAhn Yeon-hong as Noh Young-hee\nJo Min-ah as Hwang Jin-joo\nHong Yeo-jin as Lee Nak-bok\nChae So-young as Joo Se-yong\nPark Young-ji as Oh Man-bong\nGreena Park as Oh Seung-ri\nKim Hyun-joon as Hong Bok-gyu\nHan Seung-hyun as Yoon Ji-hyun\nLee Dae-ro as Grandfather","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"JS Pictures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JS_Pictures"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Screenwriter Seo Young-myung, who signed an exclusive contract with JS Pictures in 2010, was notified of the annulation of her contract on September 6, 2013. At the time, 25 episodes had aired and seven more had been written. She filed a lawsuit for damages against the producers and broadcasters.[5] She was replaced by Park Byung-wook.","title":"Production"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"JTBC worldwide : Can't Stand Anymore\". JTBC. Retrieved June 12, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.jtbcworldwide.com/script/detail?pgmMstSeq=182","url_text":"\"JTBC worldwide : Can't Stand Anymore\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JTBC","url_text":"JTBC"}]},{"reference":"\"Lee Young-eun-I in \"Can't Take It Anymore\"\". HanCinema. June 26, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hancinema.net/lee-young-eun-i-in-can-t-take-it-anymore-57581.html","url_text":"\"Lee Young-eun-I in \"Can't Take It Anymore\"\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HanCinema","url_text":"HanCinema"}]},{"reference":"\"Kim Jin-woo cast for JTBC \"Can't Take it Anymore\"\". HanCinema. July 1, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hancinema.net/kim-jin-woo-cast-for-jtbc-can-t-take-it-anymore-57730.html","url_text":"\"Kim Jin-woo cast for JTBC \"Can't Take it Anymore\"\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HanCinema","url_text":"HanCinema"}]},{"reference":"\"Kim Sung-min to star in JTBC \"Can't Take It Anymore\"\". HanCinema. June 26, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hancinema.net/kim-sung-min-to-star-in-jtbc-can-t-take-it-anymore-57582.html","url_text":"\"Kim Sung-min to star in JTBC \"Can't Take It Anymore\"\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HanCinema","url_text":"HanCinema"}]},{"reference":"Lee, Eun-ji (December 2, 2013). \"서영명 작가, JTBC·JS픽쳐스 상대로 52억 손해배상 소송 [전문]\". My Daily (in Korean). Naver. Retrieved June 12, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=117&aid=0002403551","url_text":"\"서영명 작가, JTBC·JS픽쳐스 상대로 52억 손해배상 소송 [전문]\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naver","url_text":"Naver"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rising_Hawk
The Rising Hawk
["1 Plot","2 Cast","3 Reception","4 References","5 External links"]
2019 Ukrainian filmThe Rising Hawk: Battle for the CarpathiansDirected byJohn WynnAkhtem SeitablayevWritten byRich RonatYaroslav VoytseshekBased onZakhar Berkutby Ivan FrankoProduced byEgor OlesovJohn WynnRaja CollinsYuriy KarnovskyNathan MooreJeff RiceStarringRobert PatrickTommy FlanaganPoppy DraytonAlex MacNicollCinematographyYuriy KorolEdited byJohn WynnMusic byJosh AtchleyProductioncompaniesKinorobCinemaDayDistributed byPostmodern PostproductionRelease date October 10, 2019 (2019-10-10) Running time125 minutesCountriesUkraineUnited StatesLanguagesEnglish (original)UkrainianMongolianBudget$5 millionBox office$1,531,274 The Rising Hawk: Battle for the Carpathians (also called Fall Of A Kingdom in the UK) is a 2019 Ukrainian-American historical action film directed by John Wynn and co-directed by Akhtem Seitablayev. It is based on the historical fiction book Zakhar Berkut by Ukrainian writer and poet Ivan Franko taking place in the Mongolian invasions of Kievan Rus. The film premiered on October 10, 2019. "Berkut" is the name for golden eagle, a type of hawk. Plot During the 13th Century, Zakhar Berkut and his wife Rada lead a group of high-landers in the Carpathian Mountains in a village of Tukhlia (today in Stryi Raion). Unfortunately, their tranquil existence is soon threatened by Burunda Khan, a powerful Mongolian general who leads his massive armies west in search of new lands to conquer. Forced to protect their village, Zakhar and Rada send their sons, Ivan and Maksym, to ask for help from Tugar Vovk, a wealthy boyar who has recently arrived from King Daniel of Galicia (Kingdom of Rus). After his strong-willed daughter Myroslava and Maksym survive a dangerous encounter together, Tuhar Vovk pledges to defend the villagers against the Mongols. But when a mutual attraction sparks between Myroslava and Maksym, Tugar Vovk forbids them from continuing their relationship. Meanwhile, Burunda Khan faces questions from his warriors about his motivation and military strategy for the impending invasion. As war breaks out, both sides suffer devastating casualties. Redoubling his efforts, Burunda Khan unleashes the full fury of his forces. Faced with certain doom, Maksym and Myroslava must choose to flee or make the ultimate sacrifice to save their people. Cast Actor Role Robert Patrick Zakhar Berkut Tommy Flanagan Boyar Tugar Alison Doody Rada Poppy Drayton Myroslava Alex MacNicoll Maksym Rocky Myers Ivan Alina Kovalenko Rosana Oliver Trevena Bohun Oleh Voloshchenko Gard Andriy Isayenko Petro Erzhan Nurymbet Merke Reception This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2022) On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an aggregate score of 29% based on 2 positive and 5 negative critic reviews. References ^ "The Rising Hawk (2019) Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 9, 2020. ^ "The Rising Hawk Trailer Unleashes Robert Patrick in a Battle for the Carpathians ". 27 August 2020. ^ "The Rising Hawk - Production & Contact Info | IMDbPro". ^ "Robert Patrick to Star in Indie Pic 'The Rising Hawk'". 7 May 2018. ^ Kozlov, Vladimir (7 February 2019). "Berlin: Ukrainian Action Film 'Rising Hawk' Pre-Sells to Spain". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2020-04-10. ^ Istomina, Toma (18 October 2019). "'The Rising Hawk' is for fans of action". Kyiv Post. Retrieved 2020-04-10. ^ "The Rising Hawk". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 1, 2022. External links The Rising Hawk at IMDb The Rising Hawk at Box Office Mojo https://film.ua/en/news/2027 This article related to a Ukrainian film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"action film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_film"},{"link_name":"John Wynn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Wynn_(filmmaker)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Akhtem Seitablayev","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhtem_Seitablayev"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"historical fiction book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_fiction"},{"link_name":"Zakhar Berkut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zakhar_Berkut&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ivan Franko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Franko"},{"link_name":"the Mongolian invasions of Kievan Rus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27"},{"link_name":"golden eagle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_eagle"}],"text":"The Rising Hawk: Battle for the Carpathians (also called Fall Of A Kingdom in the UK) is a 2019 Ukrainian-American historical action film directed by John Wynn[2][3] and co-directed by Akhtem Seitablayev.[4][5][6] It is based on the historical fiction book Zakhar Berkut by Ukrainian writer and poet Ivan Franko taking place in the Mongolian invasions of Kievan Rus. The film premiered on October 10, 2019.\"Berkut\" is the name for golden eagle, a type of hawk.","title":"The Rising Hawk"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Carpathian Mountains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains"},{"link_name":"Stryi Raion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stryi_Raion"},{"link_name":"Burunda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroldai"},{"link_name":"boyar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyar"},{"link_name":"Daniel of Galicia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_of_Galicia"},{"link_name":"Kingdom of Rus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rus"}],"text":"During the 13th Century, Zakhar Berkut and his wife Rada lead a group of high-landers in the Carpathian Mountains in a village of Tukhlia (today in Stryi Raion).Unfortunately, their tranquil existence is soon threatened by Burunda Khan, a powerful Mongolian general who leads his massive armies west in search of new lands to conquer. Forced to protect their village, Zakhar and Rada send their sons, Ivan and Maksym, to ask for help from Tugar Vovk, a wealthy boyar who has recently arrived from King Daniel of Galicia (Kingdom of Rus). After his strong-willed daughter Myroslava and Maksym survive a dangerous encounter together, Tuhar Vovk pledges to defend the villagers against the Mongols. But when a mutual attraction sparks between Myroslava and Maksym, Tugar Vovk forbids them from continuing their relationship. Meanwhile, Burunda Khan faces questions from his warriors about his motivation and military strategy for the impending invasion. As war breaks out, both sides suffer devastating casualties. Redoubling his efforts, Burunda Khan unleashes the full fury of his forces. Faced with certain doom, Maksym and Myroslava must choose to flee or make the ultimate sacrifice to save their people.","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rotten Tomatoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an aggregate score of 29% based on 2 positive and 5 negative critic reviews.[7]","title":"Reception"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cook_(bishop)
Thomas Cook (bishop)
["1 Biography","2 References"]
Anglican Bishop of Lewes (1866–1928) Thomas CookBishop of LewesMemorial within Chichester CathedralDioceseDiocese of ChichesterIn office1926–1928 (d.)PredecessorHenry SouthwellSuccessorWilliam StreatfeildOther post(s)Archdeacon of Hastings (1922–1928)OrdersOrdination1890 (deacon); 1891 (priest)by J. C. Ryle (Liverpool)Consecration1926by Randall Davidson (Canterbury)Personal detailsBorn(1866-12-02)2 December 1866Died29 October 1928(1928-10-29) (aged 61)NationalityBritishDenominationAnglicanAlma materHertford College, Oxford Thomas William Cook (2 December 1866 – 29 October 1928) was the Anglican Bishop of Lewes for a brief period in the second quarter of the 20th century. Biography Born at Wellingborough and educated at Lancing College and Hertford College, Oxford, Cook was made deacon on Trinity Sunday (1 June) 1890 and ordained priest the next Trinity (24 May 1891) — both times by J. C. Ryle, Bishop of Liverpool, at St Peter's Pro-Cathedral. His ministry began with a curacy at Warrington after which he was appointed Assistant Principal of the Chester Diocesan Training College. He then began a long period within the Diocese of Chichester. From 1895 until 1911, he was Second Master and Chaplain at his old school and then successively Vicar, Rural Dean and Archdeacon of Hastings before being appointed to the episcopate. He was consecrated a bishop on Michaelmas (29 September) 1926, by Randall Davidson, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Westminster Abbey. A small brass memorial to him lies in the north aisle of Chichester Cathedral. References Christianity portal ^ Who was Who1897-2007: London, A & C Black, 2008 ISBN 978-0-19-954087-7 ^ Ecclesiastical News. New Bishop Of Lewes. (Official Appointments and Notices)The Times The Times, Wednesday, Aug 11, 1926; pg. 15; Issue 44347; col C ^ "The Trinity Ordinations". Church Times. No. 1428. 6 June 1890. p. 570. ISSN 0009-658X. Retrieved 6 March 2021 – via UK Press Online archives. ^ Ordinations. Liverpool. (Official Appointments and Notices) The Times Tuesday, Jun 03, 1890; pg. 12; Issue 33028; col B ^ "Ordinations on Sunday last". Church Times. No. 1479. 29 May 1891. p. 536. ISSN 0009-658X. Retrieved 6 March 2021 – via UK Press Online archives. ^ The Bishop Of Lewes. (Obituaries) The Times Wednesday, Oct 17, 1928; pg. 9; Issue 45026; col B ^ "Consecration of three bishops". Church Times. No. 3323. 1 October 1926. p. 363. ISSN 0009-658X. Retrieved 6 March 2021 – via UK Press Online archives. ^ British History On-line Church of England titles Preceded byHenry Southwell Bishop of Lewes 1926 –1928 Succeeded byWilliam Streatfeild vteArchdeacons of Lewes, of Hastings and of Lewes & HastingsHigh Medieval Jordan de Melburne Joceline Eustachius de Leveland Reginald de Wintonia William de Lughteburg Robert Passelewe Simon de Clympingham Henry Godfrey de Peckham Thomas de Berghstede Late Medieval Thomas Cobham John de Godele Hamelin de Godele John Geytentun Thomas de Codelowe Walter de Lyndrich William de Loughteburgh John Courdray Walter Forey Richard Stone John Wendover John Brampton Lewis Coychurch Thomas Hanwell William Skylton John Dogett John Plemth Simon Climping Thomas Oatley Richard Hill Edward Vaughan William Atwater William Cradock Oliver Pole Anthony Wayte Edward More Early modern John Sherry Richard Brisley Robert Taylor Edmund Weston Thomas Drant William Coell William Cotton John Mattock Richard Buckenham William Hutchinson Thomas Hook Philip King Nathaniel Hardy Toby Henshaw Joseph Sayer Richard Bowchier James Williamson Edmund Bateman Thomas D'Oyly John Courtail Matthias D'Oyly Edward Raynes Thomas Birch Julius Hare William Otter Late modern John Hannah Robert Sutton Theodore Churton (became Archdeacon of Hastings) Henry Southwell, Bishop suffragan of Lewes Hugh Hordern Francis Smythe Lloyd Morrell Peter Booth Max Godden (became Archdeacon of Lewes & Hastings) Hastings (1912–1975) created from Lewes Theodore Churton (previously Archdeacon of Lewes) Benedict Hoskyns Arthur Upcott Thomas Cook, Bishop suffragan of Lewes Arthur Alston Ernest Reid Guy Mayfield dissolved/merged to Lewes & Hastings Lewes & Hastings Max Godden (previously Archdeacon of Lewes) Christopher Luxmoore Hugh Glaisyer Nicholas Reade Philip Jones renamed to Hastings Hastings (2014–present) Philip Jones (previously Archdeacon of Lewes & Hastings) Stan Tomalin (Acting) Edward Bryant & Nick Cornell (Acting) Edward Dowler vteBishops of Lewes Leonard Burrows Herbert Jones Henry Southwell Thomas Cook William Streatfeild Hugh Hordern Geoffrey Warde Lloyd Morrell Peter Ball (became first area bishop) area bishops Richard Jackson Will Hazlewood Area bishops Peter Ball Ian Cundy Wallace Benn (last area bishop, until retirement) This article about a Church of England bishop is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Anglican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican"},{"link_name":"Bishop of Lewes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Lewes"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Thomas William Cook (2 December 1866[1] – 29 October 1928) was the Anglican Bishop of Lewes[2] for a brief period in the second quarter of the 20th century.","title":"Thomas Cook (bishop)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Wellingborough","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellingborough"},{"link_name":"Lancing College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancing_College"},{"link_name":"Hertford College, Oxford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertford_College,_Oxford"},{"link_name":"Trinity Sunday","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Sunday"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"J. C. Ryle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._C._Ryle"},{"link_name":"Bishop of Liverpool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Liverpool"},{"link_name":"St Peter's Pro-Cathedral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Liverpool"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"curacy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curate"},{"link_name":"Warrington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrington"},{"link_name":"Assistant Principal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Principal"},{"link_name":"Chester Diocesan Training College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_Diocesan_Training_College"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Chichester","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Chichester"},{"link_name":"Second Master","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Headteacher"},{"link_name":"Chaplain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaplain"},{"link_name":"his old school","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancing_College"},{"link_name":"Vicar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicar"},{"link_name":"Rural Dean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_Dean"},{"link_name":"Archdeacon of Hastings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdeacon_of_Hastings"},{"link_name":"episcopate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopate"},{"link_name":"Michaelmas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaelmas"},{"link_name":"Randall Davidson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randall_Davidson"},{"link_name":"Archbishop of Canterbury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury"},{"link_name":"Westminster Abbey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbey"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Chichester Cathedral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichester_Cathedral"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Born at Wellingborough and educated at Lancing College and Hertford College, Oxford, Cook was made deacon on Trinity Sunday (1 June) 1890[3][4] and ordained priest the next Trinity (24 May 1891) — both times by J. C. Ryle, Bishop of Liverpool, at St Peter's Pro-Cathedral.[5] His ministry began with a curacy at Warrington after which he was appointed Assistant Principal of the Chester Diocesan Training College.[6] He then began a long period within the Diocese of Chichester. From 1895 until 1911, he was Second Master and Chaplain at his old school and then successively Vicar, Rural Dean and Archdeacon of Hastings before being appointed to the episcopate. He was consecrated a bishop on Michaelmas (29 September) 1926, by Randall Davidson, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Westminster Abbey.[7] A small brass memorial to him lies in the north aisle of Chichester Cathedral.[8]","title":"Biography"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasianthus_gardneri
Lasianthus gardneri
["1 References"]
Species of plant Lasianthus gardneri Conservation status Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3) Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Lasianthus Species: L. gardneri Binomial name Lasianthus gardneriHook.f. Lasianthus gardneri is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. References ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998). "Lasianthus gardneri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T38043A10094720. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T38043A10094720.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021. Taxon identifiersLasianthus gardneri Wikidata: Q5457584 ARKive: lasianthus-gardneri CoL: 6NYVC EoL: 1104590 GBIF: 5337046 iNaturalist: 439491 IPNI: 754968-1 IUCN: 38043 Open Tree of Life: 3874193 Plant List: kew-108559 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:754968-1 Tropicos: 100213230 WFO: wfo-0000223690 This Rubiaceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
null
[{"reference":"World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998). \"Lasianthus gardneri\". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T38043A10094720. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T38043A10094720.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/38043/10094720","url_text":"\"Lasianthus gardneri\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List","url_text":"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T38043A10094720.en","url_text":"10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T38043A10094720.en"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaliy_Yarema
Vitaly Yarema
["1 Biography","2 Politics","3 General Prosecutor of Ukraine","4 Family","5 Awards","6 References","7 External links"]
Ukrainian politician In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Hryhorovych and the family name is Yarema. Vitaly YaremaВіталій ЯремаYarema in 201812th General Prosecutor of UkraineIn office19 June 2014 – 10 February 2015PresidentPetro PoroshenkoPreceded byOleh Makhnitskyi (acting)Succeeded byViktor Shokin22nd First Vice Prime Minister of UkraineIn office27 February 2014 – 19 June 2014Prime MinisterArseniy YatsenyukPreceded bySerhiy ArbuzovSucceeded byStepan Kubiv Personal detailsBorn (1963-10-14) 14 October 1963 (age 60)Strokova, Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Raion, Kyiv Oblast, Ukrainian SSRPolitical partyunaffiliatedAlma materAcademy of Internal Affairs of UkraineWebsiteOfficial Site Vitaly Hryhorovych Yarema (Ukrainian: Віталій Григорович Ярема; born 14 October 1963) is a Ukrainian politician, law enforcement expert who was General Prosecutor of Ukraine from 19 June 2014 until 10 February 2015. His previous position was First Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine in Yatsenyuk Government since 27 February 2014, where he was responsible for law enforcement and the power block. Yarema was an MP of Batkivshchyna party (unaffiliated), a former head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Kyiv (2005–2010), and a retired lieutenant-general of police. Biography 1971–1981 — studied at Velykokaratulska secondary school in Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Raion, Kyiv Oblast. 1981–1983 — served military service. 1983–1985 — served in bodies of the Internal Affairs on the post of a policeman of a police battalion of the Department of private security at the Dniprovsky District Department of Internal Affairs, Kyiv. 1985–1987 — studied at the Kaliningrad special high school of militia of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. 1987–1990 — district inspector of police at Dniprovsky District Department of Internal Affairs, Kyiv. 1989–1993 — studied at the Academy of Internal Affairs of Ukraine on specialty "Science of law". 1990–1993 — served in bodies of internal Affairs as a detective and Deputy Chief of criminal investigation Department at the Dniprovsky District Department of Internal Affairs, Kyiv. 1993–1994 — Deputy Department Head — Head of Department of Department on struggle against organized criminal group and the manifestations of the criminal investigation Department police, Kyiv. 1994–1997 — Deputy Head of the Criminal Investigation Department — Head of the Department of struggle against group and organized criminal cases. 1997–1999 — Head of the Criminal Investigation Department. 1999–2001 — Deputy Chief of the Criminal Investigation Department of the Internal Affairs Ministry of Ukraine. 2001–2003 — Head of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Lviv Railways. February — August 2003 — First Deputy Head of the Main Department — Head of the Department of struggle against organized crime of MIA, Kyiv August — November 2003 — Deputy Head of the Criminal Investigation Department — Head of the Department of struggle against organized crime in Ukraine. 2003–2005 — First Deputy Chief of the Criminal Investigation Department of Interior Ministry of Ukraine. 2005–2010 — Head of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Kyiv. Politics In 2006 he was elected a deputy of the Kyiv City Council. 2012–2014 — People's Deputy of Ukraine, 7th convocation, deputy chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on combating organized crime and corruption. In 2013 — Chairman of the parliamentary ad hoc committee of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on the investigation of the attack on the media on 18 May 2013 in Kyiv and investigation of other cases of pressure on the media, obstruction of journalistic activities. From 27 February 2014 — First Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine. Yarema did not participate in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. General Prosecutor of Ukraine On 19 June 2014 A total of 329 MPs voted Yarema in as General Prosecutor of Ukraine following the respective nomination submitted by Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko. Family Yarema and his wife Margarita have three children. A 25-year-old son Valery, 22-year-old daughter Ilona and 6-year-old daughter Roxolana. Awards In 1999 by the Decree of the President of Ukraine, he was awarded the medal "For Irreproachable Service" III. Honored Lawyer of Ukraine. References ^ Ukrainian president dismisses Makhnitsky as acting prosecutor general, Interfax-Ukraine (18 June 2014) ^ a b MPs agree to Yarema's appointment as prosecutor general, Interfax-Ukraine (19 June 2014) ^ "Katya Gorchinskaya: The not-so-revolutionary new Ukraine government". kyivpost.com. Retrieved 2014-02-28. ^ (in Ukrainian) Alphabetical Index of candidates in 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election, Central Election Commission of Ukraine. ^ "Ñèí ãëàâè Íàöáàíêó êóïàºòüñÿ ó âèí³, à äîíüêà ßðåìè ïîëþáëÿº "ñåëô³"". ÒàáëîID. Retrieved 9 February 2015. External links Cabinet of Ukraine vteWar in Donbas (2014–2022) Part of the Russo-Ukrainian War Followed by the Russian invasion of Ukraine Generaltopics Aircraft losses Humanitarian situation International reactions Sanctions Sanctioned people OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine Civil volunteer movement Little green men Anti-terrorist Operation Zone Civil–military administrations Timeline 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Battles Battle of Artemivsk Siege of Sloviansk Battle of Kramatorsk Battle of Mariupol Battles of Sievierodonetsk Battle of Karlivka 1st Battle of Donetsk Airport Siege of the Luhansk Border Base Battle of Krasnyi Lyman Zelenopillia rocket attack Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion Battle of Horlivka Battle of Ilovaisk Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack Battle of Novoazovsk Mariupol offensive 2nd Battle of Donetsk Airport Battle of Debaltseve Shyrokyne standoff Battle of Marinka Battle of Svitlodarsk Battle of Avdiivka (2017) Otherevents Donbas status referendums Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown Shelling of Donetsk, Russia 2014 Russian cross-border shelling of Ukraine MH17 shoot-down reactions UNSC Resolution 2166 NATO summit in Wales Minsk Protocol Donbas general elections 2014 G20 Brisbane summit Volnovakha bus attack Mariupol rocket attack Kramatorsk rocket attack Minsk II ceasefire agreement Kharkiv bombing Assassination of Alexander Zakharchenko Donbas general elections No to capitulation! Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing Self-proclaimedstates  Donetsk People's Republic (April 2014 – September 2022)  Luhansk People's Republic (April 2014 – September 2022)  Novorossiya (May 2014 – May 2015) International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic (Pro-)RussianOrganizations Russian Armed Forces Wagner Group Separatist forces List of equipment Army of the South-East Russian Orthodox Army Vostok Battalion Kalmius Brigade Sparta Battalion Somalia Battalion Prizrak Brigade Political parties and movements Donetsk Republic New Russia Party Communist Party of DPR Peace to Luhanshchina Borotba Antifascist Committee of Ukraine Ukrainian Choice The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov Eurasian Youth Union Night Wolves Don Cossacks Internet Research Agency Russian Imperial Movement Lead figures Russian Vladimir Putin Dmitry Medvedev Vladislav Surkov Sergei Shoigu Crimean Sergey Aksyonov Vladimir Konstantinov Natalia Poklonskaya Donetsk Vladimir Antyufeyev Eduard Basurin Fyodor Berezin Igor Bezler Alexander Borodai Mikhail Chumachenko Igor Girkin Pavel Gubarev Ekaterina Gubareva Igor Khakimzyanov Alexander Khodakovsky Vladimir Kononov Arsen Pavlov† Vyacheslav Ponomarev Andrei Purgin Denis Pushilin Mikhail Tolstykh† Alexander Zakharchenko† Sergei Zhurikov Luhansk Alexander Bednov† Valery Bolotov† Aleksey Karyakin Aleksandr Kharitonov Arsen Klinchaev Sergey Kozlov Aleksey Mozgovoy† Leonid Pasechnik Igor Plotnitsky Gennadiy Tsypkalov† Kharkiv Yevhen Zhylin† Others Aleksandr Dugin Nelya Shtepa Oleg Tsaryov UkrainianOrganizations Government of Ukraine 1st Yatsenyuk 2nd Yatsenyuk Groysman Ministry of Internal Affairs National Guard Azov Donbas Patrol Police Dnipro-1 Armed Forces of Ukraine Ukrainian Ground Forces Territorial defense battalions Aidar Dnipro-2 Kryvbas Rukh Oporu Ukrainian Air Force Ukrainian Air Assault Forces Security Service of Ukraine Alpha Group Euromaidan Press State Border Guard Service of Ukraine Volunteer battalions Right Sector Lead figures Petro Poroshenko Oleksandr Turchynov Arseniy Yatsenyuk Volodymyr Groysman Andriy Parubiy Arsen Avakov Vitali Klitschko Oleh Tyahnybok Yuriy Lutsenko Valentyn Nalyvaichenko Valeriy Heletey Stepan Poltorak Mykhailo Koval Mykhailo Kutsyn Oleh Makhnitskyi Viktor Muzhenko Vitaly Yarema Oleh Liashko Dmytro Yarosh Rinat Akhmetov Ihor Kolomoyskyi Serhiy Taruta Ihor Baluta Semen Semenchenko Hennadiy Moskal Nadiya Savchenko George Tuka Pavlo Zhebrivskyi vteProsecutors General of UkraineUkraine(1917–1918) Dmytro Markovych Serhiy Shelukhin Mykhailo Chubynskyi Oleksiy Romanov Andriy Viazlov Viktor Reinbot Soviet Ukraine(1922–1991) Mykola Skrypnyk Vasyl Poraiko Vasiliy Polyakov Mykhailo Mykhailyk Arkadiy Kiselyov Grigoriy Zhelyeznogorskiy Leonid Yachenin Roman Rudenko Denys Panasyuk Fedir Hlukh Petro Osypenko Ukraine(since 1991) Viktor Shyshkin Vladyslav Datsiuk Hryhoriy Vorsinov Oleh Lytvak (acting) Bohdan Ferents (acting) Mykhailo Potebenko Svyatoslav Piskun Hennadiy Vasylyev Svyatoslav Piskun Oleksandr Medvedko Svyatoslav Piskun Viktor Shemchuk (acting) Oleksandr Medvedko Viktor Pshonka Oleh Makhnitsky (acting) Vitaly Yarema Viktor Shokin Yuriy Sevruk (acting) Yuriy Lutsenko Ruslan Riaboshapka Viktor Chumak (acting) Iryna Venediktova Oleksiy Symonenko (acting) Andriy Kostin Authority control databases International VIAF WorldCat National United States
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born 14 October 1963) is a Ukrainian politician, law enforcement expert who was General Prosecutor of Ukraine from 19 June 2014 until 10 February 2015.[2] His previous position was First Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine in Yatsenyuk Government since 27 February 2014, where he was responsible for law enforcement and the power block.[3] Yarema was an MP of Batkivshchyna party (unaffiliated), a former head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Kyiv (2005–2010), and a retired lieutenant-general of police.","title":"Vitaly Yarema"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Raion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi_Raion"},{"link_name":"Kyiv Oblast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv_Oblast"},{"link_name":"military service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Army"},{"link_name":"Kyiv","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv"},{"link_name":"Kaliningrad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad"},{"link_name":"Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_of_the_USSR"},{"link_name":"Academy of Internal Affairs of Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Internal_Affairs_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Internal Affairs Ministry of Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)"},{"link_name":"Lviv Railways","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lviv_Railways"},{"link_name":"Department of struggle against organized crime","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HUBOZ"}],"text":"1971–1981 — studied at Velykokaratulska secondary school in Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Raion, Kyiv Oblast.1981–1983 — served military service.1983–1985 — served in bodies of the Internal Affairs on the post of a policeman of a police battalion of the Department of private security at the Dniprovsky District Department of Internal Affairs, Kyiv.1985–1987 — studied at the Kaliningrad special high school of militia of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.1987–1990 — district inspector of police at Dniprovsky District Department of Internal Affairs, Kyiv.1989–1993 — studied at the Academy of Internal Affairs of Ukraine on specialty \"Science of law\".1990–1993 — served in bodies of internal Affairs as a detective and Deputy Chief of criminal investigation Department at the Dniprovsky District Department of Internal Affairs, Kyiv.1993–1994 — Deputy Department Head — Head of Department of Department on struggle against organized criminal group and the manifestations of the criminal investigation Department police, Kyiv.1994–1997 — Deputy Head of the Criminal Investigation Department — Head of the Department of struggle against group and organized criminal cases.1997–1999 — Head of the Criminal Investigation Department.1999–2001 — Deputy Chief of the Criminal Investigation Department of the Internal Affairs Ministry of Ukraine.2001–2003 — Head of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Lviv Railways.February — August 2003 — First Deputy Head of the Main Department — Head of the Department of struggle against organized crime of MIA, KyivAugust — November 2003 — Deputy Head of the Criminal Investigation Department — Head of the Department of struggle against organized crime in Ukraine.2003–2005 — First Deputy Chief of the Criminal Investigation Department of Interior Ministry of Ukraine.2005–2010 — Head of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Kyiv.","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kyiv City Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv_City_Council"},{"link_name":"People's Deputy of Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Deputy_of_Ukraine"},{"link_name":"First Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Vice_Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine"},{"link_name":"2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"In 2006 he was elected a deputy of the Kyiv City Council.2012–2014 — People's Deputy of Ukraine, 7th convocation, deputy chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on combating organized crime and corruption. In 2013 — Chairman of the parliamentary ad hoc committee of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on the investigation of the attack on the media on 18 May 2013 in Kyiv and investigation of other cases of pressure on the media, obstruction of journalistic activities.From 27 February 2014 — First Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine.Yarema did not participate in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election.[4]","title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"General Prosecutor of Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Prosecutor_of_Ukraine"},{"link_name":"Petro Poroshenko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Yarema's_appointment_as_prosecutor_general-2"}],"text":"On 19 June 2014 A total of 329 MPs voted Yarema in as General Prosecutor of Ukraine following the respective nomination submitted by Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko.[2]","title":"General Prosecutor of Ukraine"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Yarema and his wife Margarita have three children. A 25-year-old son Valery, 22-year-old daughter Ilona and 6-year-old daughter Roxolana.[5]","title":"Family"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"President of Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Ukraine"},{"link_name":"\"For Irreproachable Service\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_%22For_Irreproachable_Service%22"},{"link_name":"Honored Lawyer of Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honored_Lawyer_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"In 1999 by the Decree of the President of Ukraine, he was awarded the medal \"For Irreproachable Service\" III.Honored Lawyer of Ukraine.","title":"Awards"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan_Kalina
Milan Kalina
["1 Club career","2 International career","3 Honours","4 References","5 External links"]
Serbian handball player (born 1956) Milan KalinaPersonal informationFull name Milan KalinaBorn (1956-08-13) 13 August 1956 (age 67)Belgrade, FPR YugoslaviaNationality SerbianHeight 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in)Playing position Centre backSenior clubsYears Team1973–1976 Partizan Dinamo Pančevo Crvena zvezda1985–1990 BarcelonaNational teamYears Team Yugoslavia Medal record Men's handball Representing  Yugoslavia Olympic Games 1984 Los Angeles Team Milan Kalina (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Калина; born 13 August 1956) is a Serbian former handball player who competed for Yugoslavia in the 1984 Summer Olympics. Club career After starting out at Partizan, Kalina played for Dinamo Pančevo and Crvena zvezda, before moving abroad. He spent five seasons with Barcelona (1985–1990) and won numerous trophies with the club, including the Cup Winners' Cup. International career At international level, Kalina represented Yugoslavia at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, winning the gold medal. Honours Barcelona Liga ASOBAL: 1985–86, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90 Copa del Rey: 1987–88, 1989–90 Cup Winners' Cup: 1985–86 References ^ "Milan Kalina! Partizan – Barselona!" (in Serbian). rkpartizan.rs. 4 July 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2020. External links Olympic record Milan Kalina at Olympedia vteYugoslavia squad – 1984 Summer Olympics – Gold medal 1 Arnautović 2 Rnić 3 Vuković 4 Kalina 5 Elezović 6 Zovko 7 Štrbac 8 Jurina 9 Vujović 11 Kuzmanovski 12 Bašić 13 Mladenović 14 Rađenović (c) 15 Isaković 16 Pušnik Coach: Pokrajac This biographical article related to Yugoslav team handball is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Serbian Cyrillic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet"},{"link_name":"handball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handball"},{"link_name":"1984 Summer Olympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics"}],"text":"Milan Kalina (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Калина; born 13 August 1956) is a Serbian former handball player who competed for Yugoslavia in the 1984 Summer Olympics.","title":"Milan Kalina"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Partizan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RK_Partizan"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Crvena zvezda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RK_Crvena_zvezda"},{"link_name":"Barcelona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Barcelona_Handbol"},{"link_name":"Cup Winners' Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EHF_Cup_Winners%27_Cup"}],"text":"After starting out at Partizan,[1] Kalina played for Dinamo Pančevo and Crvena zvezda, before moving abroad. He spent five seasons with Barcelona (1985–1990) and won numerous trophies with the club, including the Cup Winners' Cup.","title":"Club career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Yugoslavia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia_men%27s_national_handball_team"},{"link_name":"1984 Summer Olympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handball_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament"}],"text":"At international level, Kalina represented Yugoslavia at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, winning the gold medal.","title":"International career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Liga ASOBAL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_ASOBAL"},{"link_name":"Copa del Rey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_del_Rey_de_Balonmano"},{"link_name":"Cup Winners' Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EHF_Cup_Winners%27_Cup"}],"text":"BarcelonaLiga ASOBAL: 1985–86, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90\nCopa del Rey: 1987–88, 1989–90\nCup Winners' Cup: 1985–86","title":"Honours"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Dooley
Mark Dooley
["1 Early life and education","2 Career","2.1 Academic positions","2.2 Writing and broadcasting","3 Works and themes","3.1 Søren Kierkegaard","3.2 Postmodern ethics and Christianity","3.3 Jacques Derrida","3.4 Roger Scruton","3.5 Crisis in the Irish Catholic Church","3.6 Technology, self and the world","4 Bibliography","5 References","6 External links"]
Irish journalist This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Mark DooleyMark Dooley in 2013, giving a lecture in FranceBorn (1970-01-12) 12 January 1970 (age 54)Dublin, IrelandAlma materUniversity College Dublin, (BA, MA, PhD)Occupation(s)Philosopher, writerAwardsJohn Henry Newman Scholar in Theology 1999–2002 EraContemporary philosophyRegionWestern philosophyMain interestsPhilosophy, theology, religion Websitedrmarkdooley.com Mark Dooley (born 12 January 1970) is an Irish philosopher, writer and newspaper columnist. A specialist in continental philosophy, theology and the philosophy of religion, he is the author of several books, including The Politics of Exodus: Kierkegaard's Ethics of Responsibility (2001), Roger Scruton: The Philosopher of Dover Beach (2009), and Why Be a Catholic? (2011). Dooley has been a guest on Irish radio and has written for several newspapers, including The Irish Times, and the Daily Mail. Early life and education Dooley grew up in Dublin, where he attended the Synge Street CBS. He studied history and philosophy at University College Dublin (UCD), graduating with a BA in 1991 and obtaining his MA in philosophy in 1993. He earned his doctorate in philosophy in 1997, also from UCD, with a thesis on Kierkegaard; the thesis was published by Fordham University Press as The Politics of Exodus: Kierkegaard's Ethics of Responsibility (2001). In the course of his research on Kierkegaard, he was awarded a Hong Kierkegaard Fellowship at St Olaf College, Minnesota. Career Academic positions Dooley taught philosophy and theology at University College Dublin (UCD) from 1993, where he was a John Henry Newman Scholar in theology. He was a visiting lecturer in philosophy at Maynooth University in 1998 and 1999, and returned as lecturer between 2006 and 2011. Writing and broadcasting Dooley is a regular broadcaster on Ireland's national radio (RTÉ, Newstalk, Today FM). Since 2002, Dooley has contributed to The Irish Times, The Irish Independent, The Sunday Independent, The Irish Examiner, Prospect Magazine and The Dublin Magazine. Between 2003 and 2006, he wrote a column on foreign affairs for the Sunday Independent. This column covered notably the conflict in the Middle East, the war in Iraq, and the use of Ireland as a European base for radical Islamist activities. Dooley reported on the headquartering in Ireland of several radical Islamic organisations (the Muslim Brotherhood, the European Council for Fatwa and Research and the International Union of Muslim Scholars). Since 2006 Dooley has worked as a cultural and political columnist for the Irish Daily Mail. He is the author of the paper's 'Moral Matters' Wednesday column and also writes occasional 'Saturday Essays'. Dooley lives in County Dublin with his wife and their three children. Works and themes Søren Kierkegaard In The Politics of Exodus: Kierkegaard's Ethics of Responsibility (2001), Dooley offers a new interpretation of Kierkegaard as a precursor of the ethical and political insights of Jacques Derrida. He argues that the connections between the two run much deeper than previously suggested. He shows Kierkegaard as being a proponent not of asocial individualism, but rather of the notion of an open quasi-community which has influenced Derrida's work. Postmodern ethics and Christianity Questioning Ethics: Contemporary Debates in Philosophy (1999), co-edited with Richard Kearney, is a major overview of debates about contemporary European ethical thought bringing together the world's foremost philosophers. Including original essays by Paul Ricoeur, Alasdair MacIntyre, Jürgen Habermas, Jacques Derrida and Karl-Otto Apel, it considers the challenges posed by ethics and the transformation of philosophy by critical thinking. It discusses contemporary ethical issues related to historiography, memory, revisionism, responsibility and justice, democracy, multiculturalism and the future of politics. Questioning God (2001) comprises fifteen essays based on a conference organised by the editors (Mark Dooley, Michael J. Scanlon and John D. Caputo) at Villanova University in 1999. It explores contemporary thinking about God with special attention to the phenomenon of forgiveness. Contributors include John Milbank, Richard Kearney, Jean Greisch, Francis Schüssler Fiorenza, Kevin Hart and Jacques Derrida. A Passion for the Impossible: John D. Caputo in Focus (2002) is the first detailed study of the works of John D. Caputo. It features contributions from Jacques Derrida, W. Norris Clarke, William J. Richardson, Merold Westphal, Thomas R. Flynn, Richard Kearney & Edith Wyschogrod. In particular, it includes an interview of Derrida by Mark Dooley which contains Derrida's definitive statement on religion: 'The Becoming Possible of the Impossible.' Jacques Derrida In 2007, Dooley co-authored The Philosophy of Derrida which presents the core philosophical ideas of Jacques Derrida and an appraisal of their impact. In this book, Derrida appears less as an iconoclast for whom deconstruction implies destruction than as a sensitive writer animated by a respect for institutions and a certain form of conservatism. His correspondence with Derrida was included in the extensive archive of Derrida papers kept at the Institut mémoires de l'édition contemporaine near Caen, Lower Normandy, France. Roger Scruton Roger Scruton. The Philosopher of Dover Beach (2009) offers the first synoptic analysis of Roger Scruton's philosophical thought. In the book, Dooley brings out the core ideas contained in 40 books written by Scruton over four decades, and provides the philosophical background to understand their genesis and their articulation. The composition of the book is pedagogic in that each chapter builds on the concepts laid in the previous one. The different chapters of this book then explore the genealogy of Scruton's thought and the various themes running through his works: personhood, sex and the sacred; aesthetics; Scruton's conservatism and its economic, legal and environmental implications; and the defence of the nation state in the face of liberal internationalism. The Roger Scruton Reader, its companion volume, is a collection of texts by Scruton which Dooley selected, edited and introduced. They are grouped into the following categories: conservatism, the nation, sex and the sacred, culture, and one Dooley calls 'homecomings' and which contains texts on conserving nature, the philosophy of wine, and hunting. The volume also includes a previously unpublished article by Scruton about architecture entitled "Classicism Now." In Conversations with Roger Scruton, published by Bloomsbury in 2016, Dooley sheds new light on hitherto overlooked areas of Scruton's life and thought. Crisis in the Irish Catholic Church After exposing - at the request of seminarians and of the Irish Daily Mail - the sources of the moral crisis in Ireland's national seminary, Dooley received overwhelming support from the public and from the Church, and was asked by priests from various countries to write a book in which he would articulate the way forward for the Irish Catholic Church : Why be a Catholic? (2011). On 22 November 2013, he was invited as guest of honour at the University of Caen Lower Normandy, France, where he was asked to give the keynote lecture about the current situation of the Irish Catholic Church. His lecture was entitled "Reclaiming the Irish Church." Technology, self and the world Moral Matters. A Philosophy of Homecoming (2015) is loosely based on his weekly column in the Irish Daily Mail. It is a philosophical work about home and rootedness, memory and identity, loss and love. Analyzing the alienation experienced by the self when disengaging from the social sphere surrounding it, Dooley shows how the self can become re-rooted to time and place and restored to full humanity whilst moving in the virtual, hyperconnected world. Bibliography Questioning Ethics: Contemporary Debates in Philosophy (London: Routledge, 1999), co-edited with Richard Kearney The Politics of Exodus: Kierkegaard's Ethics of Responsibility (Fordham University Press, 2001) Questioning God (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001; ISBN 978-0253214744), edited with Michael J. Scanlon and John D. Caputo. A Passion for the Impossible: John D. Caputo in Focus (Albany: SUNY Press, 2003; ISBN 978-0791456880) Jacques Derrida, On Cosmopolitanism and Forgiveness (2001), translated with Michael Hughes The Philosophy of Derrida (London: Acumen Press, 2006; Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2007), co-authored with Liam Kavanagh Roger Scruton: The Philosopher of Dover Beach (London & New York: Continuum, 2009) The Roger Scruton Reader (London & New York: Continuum, 2009) Why Be a Catholic? (London & New York: Continuum, 2011) Moral Matters. A Philosophy of Homecoming (London & New York: Bloomsbury, 2015) Conversations with Roger Scruton (London & New York: Bloomsbury, 2016) References ^ a b Nicola Anderson and Ciara Treacy, "Maynooth crisis: Excessive drinking and promiscuity 'in the air for decades'", The Irish Independent, 4 August 2016. ^ Mark Dooley, "Roger Scruton: Hegel on horseback" and The Irish Times, 10 June 2016. ^ "Essay Book Reviews - Irish Book Reviews - Dublin Review of Books". www.drb.ie. ^ a b c d "CV | Dr Mark Dooley". 16 May 2015. ^ John D. Caputo, Mark Dooley, Michael J. Scanlon, Questioning God, Indiana University Press, 2001, 371. ^ a b "Columns | Dr Mark Dooley". 29 May 2014. ^ "Saturday Essays | Dr Mark Dooley". 13 November 2014. ^ On the subject, see also Mark Dooley, Roger Scruton. The Philosopher on Dover Beach, 81. ^ Mark Dooley, Why Be A Catholic, 4 ^ Mark Dooley, "Reclaiming the Irish Church", Etudes Irlandaises 40.1, 'Contemporary Issues in Irish Studies', Spring/Summer 2015, pp. 199-206. ^ For a critical review, see Sean Haylock, "Catholic Philosopher Challenges Modern Spiritual Wasteland", Crisis Magazine, August 14, 2015. See also Christopher C. Morrissey, "Many people exile themselves to Cyberia", The BC Catholic, August 22, 2015. External links Mark Dooley's website Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Norway France BnF data Germany Israel Belgium United States Czech Republic Netherlands Other IdRef
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Anderson12Dec2006-1"},{"link_name":"continental philosophy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_philosophy"},{"link_name":"theology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theology"},{"link_name":"philosophy of religion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Mark Dooley (born 12 January 1970) is an Irish philosopher, writer and newspaper columnist.[1] A specialist in continental philosophy, theology and the philosophy of religion, he is the author of several books, including The Politics of Exodus: Kierkegaard's Ethics of Responsibility (2001), Roger Scruton: The Philosopher of Dover Beach (2009), and Why Be a Catholic? (2011).Dooley has been a guest on Irish radio[citation needed] and has written for several newspapers, including The Irish Times,[2] and the Daily Mail.[3]","title":"Mark Dooley"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Synge Street CBS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synge_Street_CBS"},{"link_name":"University College Dublin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_College_Dublin"},{"link_name":"St Olaf College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Olaf_College"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-drmarkdooley.com-4"}],"text":"Dooley grew up in Dublin, where he attended the Synge Street CBS. He studied history and philosophy at University College Dublin (UCD), graduating with a BA in 1991 and obtaining his MA in philosophy in 1993. He earned his doctorate in philosophy in 1997, also from UCD, with a thesis on Kierkegaard; the thesis was published by Fordham University Press as The Politics of Exodus: Kierkegaard's Ethics of Responsibility (2001). In the course of his research on Kierkegaard, he was awarded a Hong Kierkegaard Fellowship at St Olaf College, Minnesota.[4]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University College Dublin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_College_Dublin"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Maynooth University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maynooth_University"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Anderson12Dec2006-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-drmarkdooley.com-4"}],"sub_title":"Academic positions","text":"Dooley taught philosophy and theology at University College Dublin (UCD) from 1993, where he was a John Henry Newman Scholar in theology.[5] He was a visiting lecturer in philosophy at Maynooth University[1] in 1998 and 1999, and returned as lecturer between 2006 and 2011.[4]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"RTÉ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-drmarkdooley.com-4"},{"link_name":"Muslim Brotherhood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood"},{"link_name":"European Council for Fatwa and Research","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Council_for_Fatwa_and_Research"},{"link_name":"International Union of Muslim Scholars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Muslim_Scholars"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-drmarkdooley.com-4"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-http://drmarkdooley.com/columns-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"sub_title":"Writing and broadcasting","text":"Dooley is a regular broadcaster on Ireland's national radio (RTÉ, Newstalk, Today FM). Since 2002, Dooley has contributed to The Irish Times, The Irish Independent, The Sunday Independent, The Irish Examiner, Prospect Magazine and The Dublin Magazine.[4]Between 2003 and 2006, he wrote a column on foreign affairs for the Sunday Independent. This column covered notably the conflict in the Middle East, the war in Iraq, and the use of Ireland as a European base for radical Islamist activities. Dooley reported on the headquartering in Ireland of several radical Islamic organisations (the Muslim Brotherhood, the European Council for Fatwa and Research and the International Union of Muslim Scholars).Since 2006 Dooley has worked as a cultural and political columnist for the Irish Daily Mail.[4] He is the author of the paper's 'Moral Matters' Wednesday column[6] and also writes occasional 'Saturday Essays'.[7]Dooley lives in County Dublin with his wife and their three children.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Works and themes"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Søren Kierkegaard","text":"In The Politics of Exodus: Kierkegaard's Ethics of Responsibility (2001), Dooley offers a new interpretation of Kierkegaard as a precursor of the ethical and political insights of Jacques Derrida. He argues that the connections between the two run much deeper than previously suggested. He shows Kierkegaard as being a proponent not of asocial individualism, but rather of the notion of an open quasi-community which has influenced Derrida's work.","title":"Works and themes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Richard Kearney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Kearney"},{"link_name":"Paul Ricoeur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ricoeur"},{"link_name":"Alasdair MacIntyre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre"},{"link_name":"Jürgen Habermas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas"},{"link_name":"Jacques Derrida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida"},{"link_name":"Karl-Otto Apel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl-Otto_Apel"},{"link_name":"Villanova University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villanova_University"},{"link_name":"John D. Caputo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Caputo"},{"link_name":"Jacques Derrida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Derrida"},{"link_name":"W. Norris Clarke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Norris_Clarke"},{"link_name":"William J. Richardson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Richardson"},{"link_name":"Merold Westphal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merold_Westphal&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Thomas R. Flynn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_R._Flynn"},{"link_name":"Richard Kearney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Kearney"},{"link_name":"Edith Wyschogrod","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Wyschogrod"}],"sub_title":"Postmodern ethics and Christianity","text":"Questioning Ethics: Contemporary Debates in Philosophy (1999), co-edited with Richard Kearney, is a major overview of debates about contemporary European ethical thought bringing together the world's foremost philosophers. Including original essays by Paul Ricoeur, Alasdair MacIntyre, Jürgen Habermas, Jacques Derrida and Karl-Otto Apel, it considers the challenges posed by ethics and the transformation of philosophy by critical thinking. It discusses contemporary ethical issues related to historiography, memory, revisionism, responsibility and justice, democracy, multiculturalism and the future of politics.Questioning God (2001) comprises fifteen essays based on a conference organised by the editors (Mark Dooley, Michael J. Scanlon and John D. Caputo) at Villanova University in 1999. It explores contemporary thinking about God with special attention to the phenomenon of forgiveness. Contributors include John Milbank, Richard Kearney, Jean Greisch, Francis Schüssler Fiorenza, Kevin Hart and Jacques Derrida.A Passion for the Impossible: John D. Caputo in Focus (2002) is the first detailed study of the works of John D. Caputo. It features contributions from Jacques Derrida, W. Norris Clarke, William J. Richardson, Merold Westphal, Thomas R. Flynn, Richard Kearney & Edith Wyschogrod. In particular, it includes an interview of Derrida by Mark Dooley which contains Derrida's definitive statement on religion: 'The Becoming Possible of the Impossible.'","title":"Works and themes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Institut mémoires de l'édition contemporaine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_m%C3%A9moires_de_l%27%C3%A9dition_contemporaine"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Jacques Derrida","text":"In 2007, Dooley co-authored The Philosophy of Derrida which presents the core philosophical ideas of Jacques Derrida and an appraisal of their impact. \nIn this book, Derrida appears less as an iconoclast for whom deconstruction implies destruction than as a sensitive writer animated by a respect for institutions and a certain form of conservatism.[8]His correspondence with Derrida was included in the extensive archive of Derrida papers kept at the Institut mémoires de l'édition contemporaine near Caen, Lower Normandy, France.[citation needed]","title":"Works and themes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Roger Scruton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Scruton"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Roger Scruton","text":"Roger Scruton. The Philosopher of Dover Beach (2009) offers the first synoptic analysis of Roger Scruton's philosophical thought. In the book, Dooley brings out the core ideas contained in 40 books written by Scruton over four decades, and provides the philosophical background to understand their genesis and their articulation. The composition of the book is pedagogic in that each chapter builds on the concepts laid in the previous one. The different chapters of this book then explore the genealogy of Scruton's thought and the various themes running through his works: personhood, sex and the sacred; aesthetics; Scruton's conservatism and its economic, legal and environmental implications; and the defence of the nation state in the face of liberal internationalism.[citation needed]The Roger Scruton Reader, its companion volume, is a collection of texts by Scruton which Dooley selected, edited and introduced. They are grouped into the following categories: conservatism, the nation, sex and the sacred, culture, and one Dooley calls 'homecomings' and which contains texts on conserving nature, the philosophy of wine, and hunting. The volume also includes a previously unpublished article by Scruton about architecture entitled \"Classicism Now.\"In Conversations with Roger Scruton, published by Bloomsbury in 2016, Dooley sheds new light on hitherto overlooked areas of Scruton's life and thought.","title":"Works and themes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"University of Caen Lower Normandy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Caen_Lower_Normandy"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"sub_title":"Crisis in the Irish Catholic Church","text":"After exposing - at the request of seminarians and of the Irish Daily Mail - the sources of the moral crisis in Ireland's national seminary, Dooley received overwhelming support from the public and from the Church,[9] and was asked by priests from various countries to write a book in which he would articulate the way forward for the Irish Catholic Church : Why be a Catholic? (2011).On 22 November 2013, he was invited as guest of honour at the University of Caen Lower Normandy, France, where he was asked to give the keynote lecture about the current situation of the Irish Catholic Church. His lecture was entitled \"Reclaiming the Irish Church.\"[10]","title":"Works and themes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-http://drmarkdooley.com/columns-6"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"sub_title":"Technology, self and the world","text":"Moral Matters. A Philosophy of Homecoming (2015) is loosely based on his weekly column in the Irish Daily Mail.[6] It is a philosophical work about home and rootedness, memory and identity, loss and love. Analyzing the alienation experienced by the self when disengaging from the social sphere surrounding it, Dooley shows how the self can become re-rooted to time and place and restored to full humanity whilst moving in the virtual, hyperconnected world.[11]","title":"Works and themes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Richard Kearney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Kearney"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0253214744","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0253214744"},{"link_name":"John D. Caputo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Caputo"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0791456880","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0791456880"}],"text":"Questioning Ethics: Contemporary Debates in Philosophy (London: Routledge, 1999), co-edited with Richard Kearney\nThe Politics of Exodus: Kierkegaard's Ethics of Responsibility (Fordham University Press, 2001)\nQuestioning God (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001; ISBN 978-0253214744), edited with Michael J. Scanlon and John D. Caputo.\nA Passion for the Impossible: John D. Caputo in Focus (Albany: SUNY Press, 2003; ISBN 978-0791456880)\nJacques Derrida, On Cosmopolitanism and Forgiveness (2001), translated with Michael Hughes\nThe Philosophy of Derrida (London: Acumen Press, 2006; Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2007), co-authored with Liam Kavanagh\nRoger Scruton: The Philosopher of Dover Beach (London & New York: Continuum, 2009)\nThe Roger Scruton Reader (London & New York: Continuum, 2009)\nWhy Be a Catholic? (London & New York: Continuum, 2011)\nMoral Matters. A Philosophy of Homecoming (London & New York: Bloomsbury, 2015)\nConversations with Roger Scruton (London & New York: Bloomsbury, 2016)","title":"Bibliography"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prioress_Stakes
Prioress Stakes
["1 Records","2 Winners","3 References","4 External links"]
Horse race Prioress StakesGrade II raceLocationSaratoga Race CourseSaratoga Springs, New York, United StatesInaugurated1948Race typeThoroughbred – Flat racingWebsitewww.nyra.comRace informationDistance6 furlong sprintSurfaceDirtTrackleft-handedQualificationThree-year-old filliesWeightAssignedPurseUS$250,000 (2021) The Prioress Stakes is an American Grade II Thoroughbred horse race held annually during the eight-week meet at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. Inaugurated in 1948 at Jamaica Racetrack, it was raced there through 1959 after which it was hosted by Aqueduct Racetrack through 1986. It was run at Belmont Park from 1987 through 2011 before being moved to Saratoga Race Course in 2012, where it remains on the stakes schedule. The Prioress was named for the filly Prioress, out of the great mare Reel, herself by Glencoe. In 1858, Prioress became the first American Thoroughbred ever to win in England. The Prioress Stakes was run in two divisions in 1951 and again in 1958. This race was downgraded to a Grade II for its 2014 running. Records Speed record: 1:08.26 – Xtra Heat (2001) Most wins by a jockey: 4 – John Velazquez (1994, 1996, 2002, 2008) Most wins by a trainer: 3 – Bob Baffert (2004, 2008, 2018) Most wins by an owner: 3 – Happy Valley Farm (1970, 1986, 1988) Winners Year Winner Jockey Trainer Owner Time 2022 Wicked Halo Tyler Gaffalione Steve Asmussen Winchell Thoroughbreds 1:10.16 2021 Cilla Tyler Gaffalione Charlton Baker P. Dale Ladner 1:10.05 2020 Frank's Rockette Junior Alvarado William I. Mott Frank Fletcher Racing Operations Inc 1:08.89 2019 Royal Charlotte Javier Castellano Chad Brown First Row Partners & Parkland Thoroughbreds 1:09.45 2018 Dream Tree Mike E. Smith Bob Baffert Phoenix Thoroughbred III 1:09.50 2017 Vertical Oak John R. Velazquez Steve Asmussen J. Kirk and Judy Robinson 1:10.00 2016 Lucy N Ethel Jose Lezcano Chloe Bradley J A G Racing/Jettany Thoroughbred 1:09.33 2015 Cavorting Irad Ortiz Jr. Kiaran McLaughlin Stonestreet Stables 1:09.47 2014 Stonetastic Paco Lopez Kelly J. Breen Stoneway Farm 1:08.88 2013 Lighthouse Bay Joseph Rocco Jr. George Weaver Richlyn Farm, Inc. 1:09.29 2012 Emma's Encore Joel Rosario Wesley A. Ward Wesley A. Ward 1:09.35 2011 Her Smile Javier Castellano Todd Pletcher Bobby Flay 1:09.44 2010 Franny Freud Garrett Gomez John Terranova II Paul P. Pompa Jr. 1:10.11 2009 Cat Moves Ramon Domínguez Anthony Dutrow Edward P. Evans 1:08.65 2008 Indian Blessing John Velazquez Bob Baffert Patti & Hal J. Earnhardt III 1:09.36 2007 Dream Rush Eibar Coa Richard Violette Jr. West Point Stable, et al. 1:09.02 2006 Wildcat Bettie B Michael Pino J. Larry Jones Oasis Racing 1:09.18 2005 Acey Deucey Diane Nelson John D. Morrison Jeffrey Tucker 1:10.37 2004 Friendly Michelle Corey Nakatani Bob Baffert Ed Friendly 1:09.09 2003 House Party José A. Santos H. Allen Jerkens Joseph V. Shields Jr. 1:09.45 2002 Carson Hollow John Velazquez Richard E. Dutrow Jr. Hemlock Hills Farm et al. 1:08.79 2001 Xtra Heat Rick Wilson John Salzman Sr. Kenneth Taylor 1:08.26 2000 I'm Brassy Mike Luzzi Kristina Dupps Iron Lance Stables 1:09.53 1999 Sapphire n' Silk Pat Day Dallas Stewart William A. Carl 1:09.40 1998 Hurricane Bertie Pat Day Bernard S. Flint Bertram W. Klein 1:08.80 1997 Pearl City Jerry Bailey D. Wayne Lukas Overbrook Farm 1:09.40 1996 Capote Belle John Velazquez Daniel Pietz Lawana & Robert Low 1:08.81 1995 Scotzanna Robin Platts Michael W. Wright Bruno Schickedanz 1:10.61 1994 Penny's Reshoot John Velazquez John DeStefano Jr. Edwin H. Wachtel 1:09.07 1993 Classy Mirage Julie Krone H. Allen Jerkens Middletown Stables 1:08.89 1992 American Royale José A. Santos Lisa L. Lewis William S. Farish III 1:09.36 1991 Zama Hummer Gary Stevens Jerry Dutton Tim K. Roe 1:09 .88 1990 Token Dance Eddie Maple Patrick J. Kelly Fox Ridge Farm 1:09.40 1989 Safely Kept Ángel Cordero Jr. Alan E. Goldberg Barry Weisbord 1:11.60 1988 Fara's Team Jerry Bailey Richard Dutrow Sr. Happy Valley Farm 1:10.20 1987 Firey Challenge Richard Migliore Anthony W. Dutrow Mary Wootten 1:10.60 1986 Religiosity José A. Santos Richard Dutrow Sr. Happy Valley Farm 1:11.00 1985 Clocks Secret John Nied Jr. Dennis Heimer Stanley I. Joselson 1:10.00 1984 Proud Clarioness Jean-Luc Samyn Philip G. Johnson Lou Roe Stable 1:10.40 1983 Able Money Antonio Graell Anthony B. Russo Faith Donnelly 1:11.00 1982 Trove Michael Venezia Woody Stephens Hickory Tree Stable 1:10.00 1981 Tina Tina Too Cash Asmussen Richard T. DeStasio Albert Fried Jr. 1:11.20 1980 Lien Eddie Maple Patrick J. Kelly Live Oak Racing 1:11.00 1979 Fall Aspen Roger Velez James E. Picou Joseph M. Roebling 1:12.00 1978 Tempest Queen Jorge Velásquez Lou Rondinello Darby Dan Farm 1:11.40 1977 Ring O'Bells Ángel Cordero Jr. Woodrow Sedlacek Jacques D. Wimpfheimer 1:10.40 1976 Dearly Precious Braulio Baeza Stephen A. DiMauro Richard E. Bailey 1:09.80 1975 Sarsar Bill Shoemaker David A. Whiteley William Haggin Perry 1:10.80 1974 Clear Copy Daryl Montoya Jerome Hirsch Leon J. Hekimian 1:10.20 1973 Windy's Daughter Braulio Baeza Laz Barrera Mrs. Paul Blackman 1:10.20 1972 Numbered Account Braulio Baeza Roger Laurin Ogden Phipps 1:10.00 1971 Miss Plumage Robert Woodhouse Philip J. Horn Jr. David Shaer 1:11.60 1970 Exclusive Dancer Chuck Baltazar John T. Davis Happy Valley Farm 1:11.60 1969 Ta Wee John L. Rotz John A. Nerud Tartan Farms 1:09.40 1968 Dark Mirage Ángel Cordero Jr. Everett W. King Lloyd Miller 1:10.80 1967 Just Kidding Eddie Belmonte J. Elliott Burch Rokeby Stable 1:10.60 1966 My Boss Lady † Bill Shoemaker Edward A. Neloy Ogden Phipps 1:10.60 1965 What a Treat John L. Rotz Sylvester Veitch George D. Widener Jr. 1:10.40 1964 Nilene Wonder Donald Pierce A. W. Beuzeville Verna Lea Farm 1:12.20 1963 Speedwell Bill Shoemaker Casey Hayes Meadow Stable 1:10.60 1962 Some Song Johnny Sellers Edward J. Yowell Mrs. Benjamin Cohen 1:11.00 1961 Primonetta Bill Hartack James P. Conway Darby Dan Farm 1:10.60 1960 Salt Lake Ralph Yaka Casey Hayes Meadow Stable 1:11.80 1959 Miss Royal Bobby Ussery Joe Kulina John Fieramosca 1:11.60 1958 Milady Dares Arthur Chambers James J. Rowan Mrs. Walter A. Edgar 1:12.80 Dixie Miss John Ruane Willie Booth Isaac J. Collins 1:13.40 1957 I Offbeat Hedley Woodhouse Edward I. Kelly Sr. Brookfield Farm 1:12.00 1956 Royal Lark Walter Blum Ike K. Mourar Maine Chance Farm 1:12.40 1955 Sometime Thing Eric Guerin William C. Winfrey Alfred G. Vanderbilt II 1:12.20 1954 Trisong Hedley Woodhouse Edwin Holton Edwin Holton 1:12.40 1953 Grecian Queen Eric Guerin James P. Conway Florence Whitaker 1:13.40 1952 Landmark Dave Gorman Robert L. Dotter James Cox Brady Jr. 1:12.20 1951 Ruddy Ted Atkinson John M. Gaver Sr. Greentree Stable 1:12.60 Tilly Rose William Boland Max Hirsch King Ranch 1:11.40 1950 Next Move Eric Guerin William C. Winfrey Alfred G. Vanderbilt II 1:13.40 1949 Nell K. Douglas Dodson John B. Partridge Spring Hill Farm 1:13.40 1948 Itsabet Robert Permane Dan W. Kerns Brookfield Farm 1:12.20 * † In 1966, Priceless Gem finished first but was disqualified and set back to last. References ^ "Eight Stakes Elevated in Status for 2014". www.bloodhorse.com. Retrieved 2024-01-14. External links The Prioress Stakes at Belmont Park
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[]
null
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[{"Link":"http://www.nyra.com/","external_links_name":"www.nyra.com"},{"Link":"https://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/116994/eight-stakes-elevated-in-status-for-2014","external_links_name":"\"Eight Stakes Elevated in Status for 2014\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090611005212/http://www.nyra.com/Belmont/stakes/Prioress.shtml","external_links_name":"The Prioress Stakes at Belmont Park"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Long_Hello
The Long Hello
["1 Track listing","2 Personnel","3 Release history","4 References","5 External links"]
1974 studio album by David Jackson, Hugh Banton, Guy Evans, and Nic PotterThe Long HelloStudio album by David JacksonHugh Banton, Guy Evansand Nic PotterReleased1974RecordedAugust 1973StudioFoel Studios, Cefn Coch, Montgomeryshire, WalesGenreProgressive rockLength44:17LabelUnited ArtistsProducerGuy EvansDavid JacksonHugh Banton, Guy Evansand Nic Potter chronology The Long Hello(1974) The Long Hello Volume Two(1981) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic The Long Hello is a studio instrumental album by David Jackson, Hugh Banton, Guy Evans and Nic Potter recorded in August 1973 and released in Italy in 1974 (and Britain and Europe in 1976). All had been members of Van der Graaf Generator, but the band had split up in August 1972 (reformed in 1975). In 1981 Potter and Evans released a follow-up to this album, The Long Hello Volume Two. There also is a Long Hello Volume Three (by Jackson and Evans, 1982) and Long Hello Volume Four (by Jackson, Evans and Life of Riley, 1983). The album Gentlemen Prefer Blues (by Jackson, Banton and Evans, 1985) is sometimes regarded as a sort of "Long Hello Volume Five." It was engineered by Banton and was mixed at the Chalk Farm Studio, Chalk Farm, London. Track listing "The Theme from (Plunge)" (David Jackson) – 5:31 "The O Flat Session" (Pietro Messina) – 5:32 "Morris to Cape Roth" (David Jackson) – 6:33 "Brain Seizure" (Hugh Banton) – 4:01 "Fairhazel Gardens" (David Jackson, Pietro Messina) – 7:56 "Looking at You" (David Jackson) – 6:16 "I've Lost My Cat" (David Jackson) – 8:28 Personnel David Jackson – saxophones, flute, piano Hugh Banton – all instruments on "Brain Seizure", bass on "The O Flat Session" Guy Evans – drums Nic Potter – bass Ced Curtis – electric guitar, bass on "Fairhazel Gardens" Pietro Messina – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, piano "Fairhazel Gardens" Problems playing this file? See media help. "Morris to Cape Roth" Problems playing this file? See media help. Release history Year Type Label Catalog # Country 1974 LP United Artists UAL 24033 Italy 1976 LP (no Label, self issued) LTH-100-A1 UK 1976 LP Butt Records NOTT 002 UK 1977 LP Philips 9286 854 France 1993 CD Zomart Records ZOMCD004 UK References ^ McDonald, Steven. The Long Hello at AllMusic External links "Long Hello, The – The Long Hello (LP, Ltd) at Discogs". www.discogs.com. Retrieved 2009-09-03. "THE LONG HELLO The Long Hello Vol. 1 music reviews and MP3". www.progarchives.com. Retrieved 2009-09-03. "Nic Potter as Group Member/Guest/Producer, The Long Hello (LP & CD) at www.nicpotter.eu". www.nicpotter.eu. Retrieved 2009-10-11. Mota, Eduardo. "Van der Graaf Tribute Site – Discography: The Long Hello Vol. 1". gaudela.net. Retrieved 22 January 2012. Authority control databases MusicBrainz release group
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"David Jackson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jackson_(rock_musician)"},{"link_name":"Hugh Banton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Banton"},{"link_name":"Guy Evans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Evans"},{"link_name":"Nic Potter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic_Potter"},{"link_name":"Van der Graaf Generator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Graaf_Generator"},{"link_name":"The Long Hello Volume Two","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Long_Hello_Volume_Two"},{"link_name":"Chalk Farm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk_Farm"}],"text":"The Long Hello is a studio instrumental album by David Jackson, Hugh Banton, Guy Evans and Nic Potter recorded in August 1973 and released in Italy in 1974 (and Britain and Europe in 1976). All had been members of Van der Graaf Generator, but the band had split up in August 1972 (reformed in 1975).In 1981 Potter and Evans released a follow-up to this album, The Long Hello Volume Two. There also is a Long Hello Volume Three (by Jackson and Evans, 1982) and Long Hello Volume Four (by Jackson, Evans and Life of Riley, 1983). The album Gentlemen Prefer Blues (by Jackson, Banton and Evans, 1985) is sometimes regarded as a sort of \"Long Hello Volume Five.\"It was engineered by Banton and was mixed at the Chalk Farm Studio, Chalk Farm, London.","title":"The Long Hello"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"\"The Theme from (Plunge)\" (David Jackson) – 5:31\n\"The O Flat Session\" (Pietro Messina) – 5:32\n\"Morris to Cape Roth\" (David Jackson) – 6:33\n\"Brain Seizure\" (Hugh Banton) – 4:01\n\"Fairhazel Gardens\" (David Jackson, Pietro Messina) – 7:56\n\"Looking at You\" (David Jackson) – 6:16\n\"I've Lost My Cat\" (David Jackson) – 8:28","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"David Jackson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Jackson_(rock_musician)"},{"link_name":"Hugh Banton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Banton"},{"link_name":"Guy Evans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Evans"},{"link_name":"Nic Potter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic_Potter"},{"link_name":"\"Fairhazel Gardens\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fairhazel_Gardens.ogg"},{"link_name":"media help","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Media"},{"link_name":"\"Morris to Cape Roth\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Morris_to_Cape_Roth.ogg"},{"link_name":"media help","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Media"}],"text":"David Jackson – saxophones, flute, piano\nHugh Banton – all instruments on \"Brain Seizure\", bass on \"The O Flat Session\"\nGuy Evans – drums\nNic Potter – bass\nCed Curtis – electric guitar, bass on \"Fairhazel Gardens\"\nPietro Messina – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, piano\"Fairhazel Gardens\"\n\n\nProblems playing this file? See media help.\"Morris to Cape Roth\"\n\n\nProblems playing this file? See media help.","title":"Personnel"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Release history"}]
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null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylaea
Propylaea
["1 Etymology","2 Propylaea of the Athenian Acropolis","3 Propylaea outside the Greco-Roman world","4 See also","5 References","6 Bibliography","7 External links"]
Monumental gateway in Ancient Greek architecture For other uses, see Propylaea (disambiguation). A 19th-century drawing of what the Propylaea in Athens might have looked like when intact Propylaea of Baalbeck In ancient Greek architecture, a propylaion, propylaeon or, in its Latinized form, propylaeum—often used in the plural forms propylaia or propylaea (/prɒpɪˈliːə/; Greek: προπύλαια)—is a monumental gateway. It serves as a partition, separating the secular and religious parts of a city. The prototypical Greek example is the propylaea that served as the entrance to the Acropolis of Athens. The Greek Revival Brandenburg Gate of Berlin and the Propylaea in Munich both evoke the central portion of the Athens Propylaea. Etymology The Greek word προπύλαιον, propylaeon (propylaeum is the Latin version), is the union of the prefix προ-, pro-, "before, in front of", plus the plural of πύλη, pyle, "gate", meaning literally "that which is before the gates", but the word has come to mean simply "gate building". Propylaea of the Athenian Acropolis Main article: Propylaea (Acropolis of Athens) The propylaea were the monumental gates to the Acropolis, commissioned by the Athenian leader Pericles in order to rebuild the Acropolis at the conclusion of the Greco-Persian Wars. These propylaea were built wide enough to allow chariots through. The construction was part of Pericles' great rebuilding program for Athens in c. 437 BCE. The project of the Propylaea began once the Parthenon was almost done. It was overseen by the Athenian architect Mnesicles. Though the work was suspended due to the Peloponnesian War, the important pieces of Mnesicles' vision were able to come through. The architecture is unique in that the horizontal beams across the roof were supported by marble girders, which were supported by iron bars. The only other known use of metal in Greek architecture for structural purposes is the Temple of Zeus at Agrigento. Propylaea outside the Greco-Roman world The oldest known freestanding propylaeum is the one located at the palace area in Pasargadae, an Achaemenid capital. A covered passage, called "the Propylaeum", used to face the Palace of Darius in Susa. In the 18th century, the Athenian Propylaea inspired Carl Gotthard Langhans in construction of the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin. See also Portal (architecture) Triumphal arch Gate tower References ^ electricpulp.com. "PASARGADAE – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 23 April 2018. ^ "SUSA iii. THE ACHAEMENID PERIOD – Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2017-07-11. Bibliography Berve, H.; Gruben, G.; and Hirmer, M. Greek Temples, Theaters, and Shrines (New York, 1963). A general look at selected Greek structures. Dinsmoor, William Bell (1922), "Structural Iron in Greek Architecture", American Journal of Archaeology, XXVI. Dinsmoor, W. B., The Architecture of Ancient Greece (New York, 1975 – but actually a reprint of the 1950 publication). A general book on Greek architecture; dated in many areas but valuable for the Propylaea. Dinsmoor, W. B. Jr., The Propylaia I: The Predecessors (Princeton, 1980). A careful study of the predecessors of the Propylaea. Eiteljorg, Harrison, II, The Entrance to the Acropolis Before Mnesicles (Dubuque, 1993). A careful study of the predecessors of the Propylaea, with very different conclusions from those of Dinsmoor above. Lawrence, A. W., Greek Architecture (Baltimore, 1973). A general book on Greek architecture. Robertson, D.S. Greek and Roman Architecture' (Cambridge, 1969). A general book on Greek and Roman architecture. Available in paper, this may be the best place to begin for those with no knowledge of ancient architecture. Travlos, J., Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Athens (London, 1971). An encyclopedic approach to the monuments of Athens. The Perseus Project. An electronic resource that provides quick information, but some of the information about the Propylaea was incorrect when the site was last checked. Several good photographs of the Propylaea are available through the Perseus project. Cartwright, Mark. "Propylaea". World History Encyclopedia, Https://Www.worldhistory.org#Organization, 24 July 2022, https://www.worldhistory.org/Propylaea/. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Propylaea. Propylaea.org – leads to a variety of material, some scholarly, but many photographs as well Authority control databases: National France BnF data
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It serves as a partition, separating the secular and religious parts of a city. The prototypical Greek example is the propylaea that served as the entrance to the Acropolis of Athens. The Greek Revival Brandenburg Gate of Berlin and the Propylaea in Munich both evoke the central portion of the Athens Propylaea.","title":"Propylaea"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Latin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin"},{"link_name":"prefix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix"}],"text":"The Greek word προπύλαιον, propylaeon (propylaeum is the Latin version), is the union of the prefix προ-, pro-, \"before, in front of\", plus the plural of πύλη, pyle, \"gate\", meaning literally \"that which is before the gates\", but the word has come to mean simply \"gate building\".","title":"Etymology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pericles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericles"},{"link_name":"Greco-Persian Wars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars"},{"link_name":"Temple of Zeus at Agrigento","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Olympian_Zeus,_Agrigento"}],"text":"The propylaea were the monumental gates to the Acropolis, commissioned by the Athenian leader Pericles in order to rebuild the Acropolis at the conclusion of the Greco-Persian Wars. These propylaea were built wide enough to allow chariots through. The construction was part of Pericles' great rebuilding program for Athens in c. 437 BCE. The project of the Propylaea began once the Parthenon was almost done. It was overseen by the Athenian architect Mnesicles. Though the work was suspended due to the Peloponnesian War, the important pieces of Mnesicles' vision were able to come through. The architecture is unique in that the horizontal beams across the roof were supported by marble girders, which were supported by iron bars. The only other known use of metal in Greek architecture for structural purposes is the Temple of Zeus at Agrigento.","title":"Propylaea of the Athenian Acropolis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pasargadae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasargadae"},{"link_name":"Achaemenid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Palace of Darius in Susa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Darius_in_Susa"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-iranica-2"},{"link_name":"Carl Gotthard Langhans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Gotthard_Langhans"},{"link_name":"Brandenburg Gate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate"},{"link_name":"Berlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin"}],"text":"The oldest known freestanding propylaeum is the one located at the palace area in Pasargadae, an Achaemenid capital.[1]A covered passage, called \"the Propylaeum\", used to face the Palace of Darius in Susa.[2]In the 18th century, the Athenian Propylaea inspired Carl Gotthard Langhans in construction of the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin.","title":"Propylaea outside the Greco-Roman world"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"American Journal of Archaeology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Journal_of_Archaeology"}],"text":"Berve, H.; Gruben, G.; and Hirmer, M. Greek Temples, Theaters, and Shrines (New York, 1963). A general look at selected Greek structures.\nDinsmoor, William Bell (1922), \"Structural Iron in Greek Architecture\", American Journal of Archaeology, XXVI.\nDinsmoor, W. B., The Architecture of Ancient Greece (New York, 1975 – but actually a reprint of the 1950 publication). A general book on Greek architecture; dated in many areas but valuable for the Propylaea.\nDinsmoor, W. B. Jr., The Propylaia I: The Predecessors (Princeton, 1980). A careful study of the predecessors of the Propylaea.\nEiteljorg, Harrison, II, The Entrance to the Acropolis Before Mnesicles (Dubuque, 1993). A careful study of the predecessors of the Propylaea, with very different conclusions from those of Dinsmoor above.\nLawrence, A. W., Greek Architecture (Baltimore, 1973). A general book on Greek architecture.\nRobertson, D.S. Greek and Roman Architecture' (Cambridge, 1969). A general book on Greek and Roman architecture. Available in paper, this may be the best place to begin for those with no knowledge of ancient architecture.\nTravlos, J., Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Athens (London, 1971). An encyclopedic approach to the monuments of Athens.\nThe Perseus Project. An electronic resource that provides quick information, but some of the information about the Propylaea was incorrect when the site was last checked. Several good photographs of the Propylaea are available through the Perseus project.\nCartwright, Mark. \"Propylaea\". World History Encyclopedia, Https://Www.worldhistory.org#Organization, 24 July 2022, https://www.worldhistory.org/Propylaea/.","title":"Bibliography"}]
[{"image_text":"A 19th-century drawing of what the Propylaea in Athens might have looked like when intact","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Propylaea_and_Temple_of_Athena_Nike_at_the_Acropolis_%28Pierer%29.jpg/250px-Propylaea_and_Temple_of_Athena_Nike_at_the_Acropolis_%28Pierer%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Propylaea of Baalbeck","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/BaalbekPropylaea.jpg/250px-BaalbekPropylaea.jpg"}]
[{"title":"Portal (architecture)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal_(architecture)"},{"title":"Triumphal arch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumphal_arch"},{"title":"Gate tower","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate_tower"}]
[{"reference":"electricpulp.com. \"PASARGADAE – Encyclopaedia Iranica\". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 23 April 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/pasargadae","url_text":"\"PASARGADAE – Encyclopaedia Iranica\""}]},{"reference":"\"SUSA iii. THE ACHAEMENID PERIOD – Encyclopaedia Iranica\". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2017-07-11.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/susa-iii-the-achaemenid-period","url_text":"\"SUSA iii. THE ACHAEMENID PERIOD – Encyclopaedia Iranica\""}]}]
[{"Link":"http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/pasargadae","external_links_name":"\"PASARGADAE – Encyclopaedia Iranica\""},{"Link":"http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/susa-iii-the-achaemenid-period","external_links_name":"\"SUSA iii. THE ACHAEMENID PERIOD – Encyclopaedia Iranica\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181114194817/http://propylaea.org/","external_links_name":"Propylaea.org"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb167676850","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb167676850","external_links_name":"BnF data"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_French_Grand_Prix
1991 French Grand Prix
["1 Pre-race","2 Qualifying","2.1 Pre-qualifying report","2.2 Pre-qualifying classification","2.3 Qualifying report","2.4 Qualifying classification","3 Race","3.1 Race report","3.2 Race classification","4 Championship standings after the race","5 References"]
1991 French Grand Prix Race 7 of 16 in the 1991 Formula One World Championship Race detailsDate 7 July 1991Location Circuit de Nevers Magny-CoursMagny-Cours, FranceCourse Permanent circuitCourse length 4.250 km (2.651 miles)Distance 72 laps, 306.000 km (190.892 miles)Pole positionDriver Riccardo Patrese Williams-RenaultTime 1:14.559Fastest lapDriver Nigel Mansell Williams-RenaultTime 1:19.168 on lap 49PodiumFirst Nigel Mansell Williams-RenaultSecond Alain Prost FerrariThird Ayrton Senna McLaren-Honda Lap leaders Motor car race The 1991 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Magny-Cours on 7 July 1991. It was the seventh race of the 1991 Formula One World Championship, and the first French Grand Prix to be held at Magny-Cours. The 72-lap race was won by Nigel Mansell, driving a Williams-Renault, with local driver Alain Prost second in a Ferrari and Ayrton Senna third in a McLaren-Honda. Pre-race This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The French Grand Prix had moved from the Circuit Paul Ricard near Marseille to the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours in the centre of France, to mixed reviews. There were no changes in the driver line-up, but the Footwork team had decided to abandon the disastrous Porsche V12 engine project in favour of a return to Ford engines, while Ferrari introduced a new car, the 643. Qualifying Pre-qualifying report In the Friday morning pre-qualification session, Andrea de Cesaris was fastest in the Jordan for the second time this season. He was four tenths of a second faster than JJ Lehto in the Dallara, with Olivier Grouillard third fastest for Fondmetal at his home race, the second time in a row the Frenchman had pre-qualified. The fourth pre-qualifier was Bertrand Gachot in the other Jordan. Those failing to progress to the main qualifying sessions included the other Dallara of Emanuele Pirro in fifth, just a couple of tenths slower than Gachot. The two Modena Lambos were sixth and seventh, with Nicola Larini outpacing Eric van de Poele, and bottom of the time sheets was Pedro Chaves in the Coloni. This was the seventh consecutive Grand Prix in which the Portuguese driver had failed to pre-qualify. Pre-qualifying classification Pos No Driver Constructor Time Gap 1 33 Andrea de Cesaris Jordan-Ford 1:19.729 — 2 22 JJ Lehto Dallara-Judd 1:20.172 +0.443 3 14 Olivier Grouillard Fondmetal-Ford 1:20.227 +0.498 4 32 Bertrand Gachot Jordan-Ford 1:20.309 +0.580 5 21 Emanuele Pirro Dallara-Judd 1:20.539 +0.810 6 34 Nicola Larini Lambo-Lamborghini 1:20.628 +0.899 7 35 Eric van de Poele Lambo-Lamborghini 1:21.304 +1.575 8 31 Pedro Chaves Coloni-Ford 1:22.229 +2.500 Qualifying report In qualifying, local driver Alain Prost impressed and was set to score Ferrari's first pole position of the season, but in the dying minutes Riccardo Patrese in the Williams-Renault came through to pip the French driver to the pole. Championship leader Ayrton Senna spun on Olivier Grouillard's oil on his final qualifying attempt and had to settle for third alongside Nigel Mansell in the second Williams, with the rest of the top ten starting spots occupied by Gerhard Berger, Jean Alesi, Nelson Piquet, Roberto Moreno, Maurício Gugelmin, and the impressive Gianni Morbidelli in a Minardi. Qualifying classification Pos No Driver Constructor Q1 Q2 Gap 1 6 Riccardo Patrese Williams-Renault 1:17.472 1:14.559 - 2 27 Alain Prost Ferrari 1:17.386 1:14.789 +0.230 3 1 Ayrton Senna McLaren-Honda 1:16.557 1:14.857 +0.298 4 5 Nigel Mansell Williams-Renault 1:17.095 1:14.895 +0.336 5 2 Gerhard Berger McLaren-Honda 1:18.087 1:15.376 +0.817 6 28 Jean Alesi Ferrari 1:17.303 1:15.877 +1.318 7 20 Nelson Piquet Benetton-Ford 1:20.449 1:16.816 +2.257 8 19 Roberto Moreno Benetton-Ford 1:19.711 1:16.961 +2.402 9 15 Maurício Gugelmin Leyton House-Ilmor 1:19.728 1:17.015 +2.456 10 24 Gianni Morbidelli Minardi-Ferrari 1:20.635 1:17.020 +2.461 11 4 Stefano Modena Tyrrell-Honda 1:19.530 1:17.114 +2.555 12 23 Pierluigi Martini Minardi-Ferrari 1:19.426 1:17.149 +2.590 13 33 Andrea de Cesaris Jordan-Ford 1:20.097 1:17.163 +2.604 14 26 Érik Comas Ligier-Lamborghini 1:20.427 1:17.504 +2.945 15 16 Ivan Capelli Leyton House-Ilmor 1:19.555 1:17.533 +2.974 16 25 Thierry Boutsen Ligier-Lamborghini 1:19.187 1:17.775 +3.216 17 8 Mark Blundell Brabham-Yamaha 1:22.277 1:17.836 +3.277 18 3 Satoru Nakajima Tyrrell-Honda 1:21.020 1:18.144 +3.585 19 32 Bertrand Gachot Jordan-Ford 1:20.374 1:18.150 +3.591 20 12 Johnny Herbert Lotus-Judd 1:21.230 1:18.185 +3.626 21 14 Olivier Grouillard Fondmetal-Ford 1:20.640 1:18.210 +3.651 22 30 Aguri Suzuki Lola-Ford 1:22.058 1:18.224 +3.665 23 29 Éric Bernard Lola-Ford 1:21.613 1:18.540 +3.981 24 7 Martin Brundle Brabham-Yamaha 1:20.999 1:18.826 +4.267 25 9 Michele Alboreto Footwork-Ford 1:21.966 1:18.846 +4.287 26 22 JJ Lehto Dallara-Judd 1:21.323 1:19.267 +4.708 27 11 Mika Häkkinen Lotus-Judd 1:22.274 1:19.491 +4.932 28 18 Fabrizio Barbazza AGS-Ford 1:22.319 1:20.110 +5.551 29 17 Gabriele Tarquini AGS-Ford 1:22.737 1:20.262 +5.703 30 10 Stefan Johansson Footwork-Ford 1:24.114 1:21.000 +6.441 Race Race report At the start Patrese made a disastrous start and dropped to 10th position on lap 1, so Prost led from Mansell, Senna, Berger, and Alesi, while Bertrand Gachot spun off on the first lap in his Jordan. Berger was the first of the big boys to go out when his engine failed on lap 6, his third consecutive retirement due to engine problems. Patrese started another recovery drive by passing both Piquet and Morbidelli in one fell swoop when Morbidelli botched an overtaking attempt, taking himself out of the running. At the front Mansell pressured Prost and on Lap 21 he made his move taking advantage of traffic to out-brake the French star going into the hairpin. Mansell slowly pulled away but problems at his first tyre stop dropped him back behind Prost. Mansell once again closed on Prost and the two battled it out until Mansell finally managed to take advantage of traffic, again, and took the lead on Lap 54 by this time outbraking Prost around the outside at the hairpin. Mansell pulled away and scored his first win of the season, Prost was second followed by Senna, Alesi, Patrese, and de Cesaris. This was the 17th win of Mansell's career, thus breaking the record of Grand Prix wins by an English driver, previously held by Stirling Moss. Race classification Pos No Driver Constructor Laps Time/Retired Grid Points 1 5 Nigel Mansell Williams-Renault 72 1:38:00.056 4 10 2 27 Alain Prost Ferrari 72 + 5.003 2 6 3 1 Ayrton Senna McLaren-Honda 72 + 34.934 3 4 4 28 Jean Alesi Ferrari 72 + 35.920 6 3 5 6 Riccardo Patrese Williams-Renault 71 + 1 lap 1 2 6 33 Andrea de Cesaris Jordan-Ford 71 + 1 lap 13 1 7 15 Maurício Gugelmin Leyton House-Ilmor 70 + 2 laps 9 8 20 Nelson Piquet Benetton-Ford 70 + 2 laps 7 9 23 Pierluigi Martini Minardi-Ferrari 70 + 2 laps 12 10 12 Johnny Herbert Lotus-Judd 70 + 2 laps 20 11 26 Érik Comas Ligier-Lamborghini 70 + 2 laps 14 12 25 Thierry Boutsen Ligier-Lamborghini 69 + 3 laps 16 Ret 19 Roberto Moreno Benetton-Ford 63 Physical 8 Ret 4 Stefano Modena Tyrrell-Honda 57 Gearbox 11 Ret 14 Olivier Grouillard Fondmetal-Ford 47 Oil leak 21 Ret 29 Éric Bernard Lola-Ford 43 Transmission 23 Ret 22 JJ Lehto Dallara-Judd 39 Tyre 26 Ret 8 Mark Blundell Brabham-Yamaha 36 Spun off 17 Ret 30 Aguri Suzuki Lola-Ford 32 Transmission 22 Ret 9 Michele Alboreto Footwork-Ford 31 Gearbox 25 Ret 7 Martin Brundle Brabham-Yamaha 21 Gearbox 24 Ret 3 Satoru Nakajima Tyrrell-Honda 12 Spun off 18 Ret 24 Gianni Morbidelli Minardi-Ferrari 8 Collision 10 Ret 16 Ivan Capelli Leyton House-Ilmor 7 Spun off 15 Ret 2 Gerhard Berger McLaren-Honda 6 Engine 5 Ret 32 Bertrand Gachot Jordan-Ford 0 Spun off 19 DNQ 11 Mika Häkkinen Lotus-Judd DNQ 18 Fabrizio Barbazza AGS-Ford DNQ 17 Gabriele Tarquini AGS-Ford DNQ 10 Stefan Johansson Footwork-Ford DNPQ 21 Emanuele Pirro Dallara-Judd DNPQ 34 Nicola Larini Lambo-Lamborghini DNPQ 35 Eric van de Poele Lambo-Lamborghini DNPQ 31 Pedro Chaves Coloni-Ford Source: Championship standings after the race Drivers' Championship standings Pos Driver Points 1 Ayrton Senna 48 2 Nigel Mansell 23 3 Riccardo Patrese 22 4 Alain Prost 17 5 Nelson Piquet 16 Source: Constructors' Championship standings Pos Constructor Points 1 McLaren-Honda 58 2 Williams-Renault 45 3 Ferrari 25 4 Benetton-Ford 21 5 Tyrrell-Honda 11 Source: Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings. References ^ Henry, Alan (1991). AUTOCOURSE 1991-92. Hazleton Publishing. p. 162. ISBN 0-905138-87-2. ^ Henry, Alan (1991). AUTOCOURSE 1991-92. Hazleton Publishing. p. 163. ISBN 0-905138-87-2. ^ Walker, Murray (1991). Murray Walker's Grand Prix Year. Hazleton Publishing. pp. 61–68. ISBN 0-905138-90-2. ^ "1991 French Grand Prix". formula1.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2015. ^ a b "France 1991 - Championship • STATS F1". www.statsf1.com. Retrieved 17 March 2019. Previous race:1991 Mexican Grand Prix FIA Formula One World Championship1991 season Next race:1991 British Grand Prix Previous race:1990 French Grand Prix French Grand Prix Next race:1992 French Grand Prix Awards Preceded by1990 Australian Grand Prix Formula One Promotional Trophyfor Race Promoter1991 Succeeded by1992 French Grand Prix vte« previous Formula One Grands Prix (1990–1999) next »1990 USA BRA SMR MON CAN MEX FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA POR ESP JPN AUS 1991 USA BRA SMR MON CAN MEX FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA POR ESP JPN AUS 1992 RSA MEX BRA ESP SMR MON CAN FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA POR JPN AUS 1993 RSA BRA EUR SMR ESP MON CAN FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA POR JPN AUS 1994 BRA PAC SMR MON ESP CAN FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA POR EUR JPN AUS 1995 BRA ARG SMR ESP MON CAN FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA POR EUR PAC JPN AUS 1996 AUS BRA ARG EUR SMR MON ESP CAN FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA POR JPN 1997 AUS BRA ARG SMR MON ESP CAN FRA GBR GER HUN BEL ITA AUT LUX JPN EUR 1998 AUS BRA ARG SMR ESP MON CAN FRA GBR AUT GER HUN BEL ITA LUX JPN 1999 AUS BRA SMR MON ESP CAN FRA GBR AUT GER HUN BEL ITA EUR MAL JPN
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Formula One","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One"},{"link_name":"Magny-Cours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_de_Nevers_Magny-Cours"},{"link_name":"1991 Formula One World Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Formula_One_World_Championship"},{"link_name":"Nigel Mansell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Mansell"},{"link_name":"Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_FW14"},{"link_name":"Renault","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_in_Formula_One"},{"link_name":"Alain Prost","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Prost"},{"link_name":"Ferrari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari_643"},{"link_name":"Ayrton Senna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayrton_Senna"},{"link_name":"McLaren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLaren_MP4/6"},{"link_name":"Honda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One"}],"text":"Motor car raceThe 1991 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Magny-Cours on 7 July 1991. It was the seventh race of the 1991 Formula One World Championship, and the first French Grand Prix to be held at Magny-Cours. The 72-lap race was won by Nigel Mansell, driving a Williams-Renault, with local driver Alain Prost second in a Ferrari and Ayrton Senna third in a McLaren-Honda.","title":"1991 French Grand Prix"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Circuit Paul Ricard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_Paul_Ricard"},{"link_name":"Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_de_Nevers_Magny-Cours"},{"link_name":"Footwork","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footwork_Arrows"},{"link_name":"Porsche","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_in_motorsport#Formula_One"},{"link_name":"643","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari_643"}],"text":"The French Grand Prix had moved from the Circuit Paul Ricard near Marseille to the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours in the centre of France, to mixed reviews. There were no changes in the driver line-up, but the Footwork team had decided to abandon the disastrous Porsche V12 engine project in favour of a return to Ford engines, while Ferrari introduced a new car, the 643.","title":"Pre-race"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Qualifying"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Andrea de Cesaris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_de_Cesaris"},{"link_name":"Jordan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix"},{"link_name":"JJ Lehto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JJ_Lehto"},{"link_name":"Dallara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallara"},{"link_name":"Olivier Grouillard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivier_Grouillard"},{"link_name":"Fondmetal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondmetal"},{"link_name":"Bertrand Gachot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Gachot"},{"link_name":"Emanuele Pirro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuele_Pirro"},{"link_name":"Modena Lambos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena_(racing_team)"},{"link_name":"Nicola Larini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_Larini"},{"link_name":"Eric van de Poele","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_van_de_Poele"},{"link_name":"Pedro Chaves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Chaves"},{"link_name":"Coloni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuderia_Coloni"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Walker-3"}],"sub_title":"Pre-qualifying report","text":"In the Friday morning pre-qualification session, Andrea de Cesaris was fastest in the Jordan for the second time this season. He was four tenths of a second faster than JJ Lehto in the Dallara, with Olivier Grouillard third fastest for Fondmetal at his home race, the second time in a row the Frenchman had pre-qualified. The fourth pre-qualifier was Bertrand Gachot in the other Jordan.Those failing to progress to the main qualifying sessions included the other Dallara of Emanuele Pirro in fifth, just a couple of tenths slower than Gachot. The two Modena Lambos were sixth and seventh, with Nicola Larini outpacing Eric van de Poele, and bottom of the time sheets was Pedro Chaves in the Coloni. This was the seventh consecutive Grand Prix in which the Portuguese driver had failed to pre-qualify.[3]","title":"Qualifying"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Pre-qualifying classification","title":"Qualifying"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alain Prost","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Prost"},{"link_name":"Riccardo Patrese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Patrese"},{"link_name":"Ayrton Senna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayrton_Senna"},{"link_name":"Nigel Mansell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Mansell"},{"link_name":"Gerhard Berger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Berger"},{"link_name":"Jean Alesi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Alesi"},{"link_name":"Nelson Piquet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Piquet"},{"link_name":"Roberto Moreno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Moreno"},{"link_name":"Maurício Gugelmin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maur%C3%ADcio_Gugelmin"},{"link_name":"Gianni Morbidelli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianni_Morbidelli"}],"sub_title":"Qualifying report","text":"In qualifying, local driver Alain Prost impressed and was set to score Ferrari's first pole position of the season, but in the dying minutes Riccardo Patrese in the Williams-Renault came through to pip the French driver to the pole. Championship leader Ayrton Senna spun on Olivier Grouillard's oil on his final qualifying attempt and had to settle for third alongside Nigel Mansell in the second Williams, with the rest of the top ten starting spots occupied by Gerhard Berger, Jean Alesi, Nelson Piquet, Roberto Moreno, Maurício Gugelmin, and the impressive Gianni Morbidelli in a Minardi.","title":"Qualifying"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Qualifying classification","title":"Qualifying"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Race"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bertrand Gachot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Gachot"},{"link_name":"Stirling Moss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_Moss"}],"sub_title":"Race report","text":"At the start Patrese made a disastrous start and dropped to 10th position on lap 1, so Prost led from Mansell, Senna, Berger, and Alesi, while Bertrand Gachot spun off on the first lap in his Jordan. Berger was the first of the big boys to go out when his engine failed on lap 6, his third consecutive retirement due to engine problems. Patrese started another recovery drive by passing both Piquet and Morbidelli in one fell swoop when Morbidelli botched an overtaking attempt, taking himself out of the running. At the front Mansell pressured Prost and on Lap 21 he made his move taking advantage of traffic to out-brake the French star going into the hairpin. Mansell slowly pulled away but problems at his first tyre stop dropped him back behind Prost. Mansell once again closed on Prost and the two battled it out until Mansell finally managed to take advantage of traffic, again, and took the lead on Lap 54 by this time outbraking Prost around the outside at the hairpin. Mansell pulled away and scored his first win of the season, Prost was second followed by Senna, Alesi, Patrese, and de Cesaris.This was the 17th win of Mansell's career, thus breaking the record of Grand Prix wins by an English driver, previously held by Stirling Moss.","title":"Race"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Race classification","title":"Race"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil"},{"link_name":"Ayrton Senna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayrton_Senna"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Nigel Mansell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Mansell"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy"},{"link_name":"Riccardo Patrese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Patrese"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Alain Prost","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Prost"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil"},{"link_name":"Nelson Piquet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Piquet"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-champ-5"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"McLaren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLaren"},{"link_name":"Honda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering"},{"link_name":"Renault","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault_in_Formula_One"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy"},{"link_name":"Ferrari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Benetton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benetton_Formula"},{"link_name":"Ford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Tyrrell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrrell_Racing"},{"link_name":"Honda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-champ-5"}],"text":"Drivers' Championship standings\n\n\n\nPos\n\nDriver\n\nPoints\n\n\n1\n\n Ayrton Senna\n\n48\n\n\n2\n\n Nigel Mansell\n\n23\n\n\n3\n\n Riccardo Patrese\n\n22\n\n\n4\n\n Alain Prost\n\n17\n\n\n5\n\n Nelson Piquet\n\n16\n\n\nSource:[5]\n\n\n\nConstructors' Championship standings\n\n\n\nPos\n\nConstructor\n\nPoints\n\n\n1\n\n McLaren-Honda\n\n58\n\n\n2\n\n Williams-Renault\n\n45\n\n\n3\n\n Ferrari\n\n25\n\n\n4\n\n Benetton-Ford\n\n21\n\n\n5\n\n Tyrrell-Honda\n\n11\n\n\nSource:[5]Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.","title":"Championship standings after the race"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Henry, Alan (1991). AUTOCOURSE 1991-92. Hazleton Publishing. p. 162. ISBN 0-905138-87-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Henry","url_text":"Henry, Alan"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AUTOCOURSE","url_text":"AUTOCOURSE"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-905138-87-2","url_text":"0-905138-87-2"}]},{"reference":"Henry, Alan (1991). AUTOCOURSE 1991-92. Hazleton Publishing. p. 163. ISBN 0-905138-87-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Henry","url_text":"Henry, Alan"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AUTOCOURSE","url_text":"AUTOCOURSE"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-905138-87-2","url_text":"0-905138-87-2"}]},{"reference":"Walker, Murray (1991). Murray Walker's Grand Prix Year. Hazleton Publishing. pp. 61–68. ISBN 0-905138-90-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-905138-90-2","url_text":"0-905138-90-2"}]},{"reference":"\"1991 French Grand Prix\". formula1.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141103035438/http://www.formula1.com/results/season/1991/203/","url_text":"\"1991 French Grand Prix\""},{"url":"http://www.formula1.com/results/season/1991/203/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"France 1991 - Championship • STATS F1\". www.statsf1.com. Retrieved 17 March 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.statsf1.com/en/1991/france/championnat.aspx","url_text":"\"France 1991 - Championship • STATS F1\""}]}]
[{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141103035438/http://www.formula1.com/results/season/1991/203/","external_links_name":"\"1991 French Grand Prix\""},{"Link":"http://www.formula1.com/results/season/1991/203/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.statsf1.com/en/1991/france/championnat.aspx","external_links_name":"\"France 1991 - Championship • STATS F1\""}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Fox
Marie Fox
["1 Background","2 Life in London","3 Marriage and children","4 Writer","5 List of works","6 Death","7 References"]
French-born English writer Princess MarieThis albumen print of Marie, produced around 1872, was acquired by Queen Victoria and is now part of the Royal Collection.Born21 December 1850Paris, FranceDied26 December 1878(1878-12-26) (aged 28)Schloss Burgstall, StyriaSpouse Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein ​ ​(m. 1872)​IssuePrincess Sophie, Mrs. Ürményi Princess Julie Princess Henriette Princess Marie, Countess of Meran, Baroness of BrandhofenNamesMarie Henriette AdélaïdeFatherUnknown Henry Edward Fox, 4th Baron Holland (adoptive)MotherVictoire Magny Lady Mary Augusta Coventry (adoptive) Princess Marie "Mary" Henriette Adélaïde of Liechtenstein (21 December 1850 – 26 December 1878) was a French-born English writer. A foundling of unknown paternity, she was adopted by the childless English nobleman Henry Fox, 4th Baron Holland (1802–1859) and his wife, and eventually married into the Princely House of Liechtenstein. Background Marie Fox, aged three, with her pointer dog Elia, painted by George Frederic Watts Signed flyleaf in a copy of her book Holland House, dated 1873 Marie was born in Paris (though some sources wrongly say she was born in Florence) on 21 December 1850 (though some sources wrongly say she was born in January 1851). Her mother's name was given as Frenchwoman Victoire Magny of Soissons, but the identity of her father was unspecified. She was baptised at the Church of St. Augustine as Marie Henriette Adélaïde. In April 1851, aged three months, Marie was found by a physician called Dr. Séguin, who arranged for her to be adopted by the childless English aristocrat Henry Fox, 4th Baron Holland (1802-1859), of Holland House in Kensington, near London, and his wife Lady Mary Augusta Coventry (1812-1889), a daughter of George Coventry, 8th Earl of Coventry. Lord and Lady Holland had no surviving children of their own, having suffered two stillbirths and one short-lived infant. Lady Holland was by then in her late thirties and Lord Holland insisted on adopting the girl. Her biological paternity remains a mystery; one rumour had it that she was her adoptive father's natural daughter born by his servant. Life in London Following the adoption, Marie was assigned to a nurse at Fontenay-aux-Roses and then a nanny, Madame Marque, before moving to her parents' residence, Holland House, London, in June 1853, at the age of 2 1/2. She grew up unaware of her background. Lord Holland died in 1859, when she was nine. As she approached her eighteenth birthday and marriageable age, Lady Holland's legal advisor strongly recommended disclosing the information about the adoption to her. She complied, but her own lack of full knowledge about the matter continued to pose problems. All people who knew the truth about the identity of her biological parents had died by then. Marie eventually became estranged from her mother. Her paternal aunt, Lady Lilford, wrote in 1867: "Marie is much grown and improved. She is a very nice and affectionate girl, and has been thoroughly well educated." Marriage and children At the age of sixteen, Marie was courted by Archibald Primrose, later 5th Earl of Rosebery, but refused to marry him as she was unwilling to renounce Roman Catholicism. In the winter of 1871, which Marie spent with her mother in Naples, she was courted by Prince Louis of Liechtenstein, a first cousin of Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein. Their engagement was announced in the spring. The marriage ceremony took place in Kensington pro-cathedral, London, on 27 June 1872 and was performed by Henry Edward Manning, Cardinal-Archbishop of Westminster. Among the guests were the Prince and Princess of Wales. The Princely House of Liechtenstein initially refused to approve the marriage on the grounds of inequality of birth, but the princess was later accepted in Vienna. They had four daughters: Princess Sophie Maria Josepha (Berlin, 29 March 1873 – Graz, 2 March 1947), married in Graz on 31 July 1897 Franz Ürményi d'Ürmény (Ürmény, 14 January 1863 – Baden bei Wien, 20 February 1934), childless Princess Julie Margarethe Maria (Schloss Burgstall, 20 July 1874 – Mayerling, 3 July 1950), unmarried and childless Princess Henriette Maria Josefa (Schloss Burgstall, 6 July 1875 – Pertlstein, 21 April 1958), a Benedictine nun under the name Sister Adelgundis Princess Marie Johanna Franziska Sophie (Schloss Burgstall, 21 August 1877 – Vienna, 11 January 1939), married in Vienna on 7 June 1902 Count Franz Peter Johann, of Meran, Baron of Brandhofen (Graz, 5 October 1868 – Bad Aussee, 10 November 1949), and had six children Writer An illustration of Marie on the cover of her book, Holland House Rumours about Marie's biological parentage continued to circulate throughout her marriage. Soon after the wedding the Marquis de Montaigu publicly denied the rumour that he was the princess's father and that her mother had died in childbirth. In 1874, Marie published a book about Holland House and its art collection which sold well despite criticism from Abraham Hayward. Today her work is significant for the history of that great house. She also translated literature from German into English. George Frederic Watts painted portraits of Marie at least twice, one as a child standing with her pet Spanish pointer and another as a young woman. List of works Liechtenstein, Princess Marie, Holland House, 2 Vols., London, 1874. Illustrated with 38 mounted woodbury-type prints; engravings, lithographs, etc. Volume 1 Volume 2 Volumes 1 & 2, 3rd Edition, 1875 Death Marie died at Schloss Burgstall in Styria on 26 December 1878, aged 28. References ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ilchester, 6th Earl of (1937). Chronicles of Holland House: 1820–1900. John Murray.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ^ a b "Fox, Hon. Henry Edward". 2004. ^ a b c d e f g h i Bryant, Barbara (2004). G.F. Watts portraits: fame & beauty in Victorian society. National Portrait Gallery. ISBN 185514347X. ^ "Fox, Henry Edward". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. ^ Rhodes James, Robert (1964). Rosebery: a biography of Archibald Philip, fifth earl of Rosebery. Macmillan Publishers. ^ Legge, Edward (1913). King Edward in his true colours. E. Nash. ^ Fontenoy, Marquise de (1900). William II, Germany ; Francis-Joseph, Austria-Hungary. G. Barrie. ^ a b c d e Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (1977). Burke's royal families of the world. Burke's Peerage. ^ "Marie, Princess Aloys of Liechtenstein (Miss Fox), (1850–78)". Royal Collection. 2004. Retrieved 16 February 2013. ^ De Vere, Aubrey. The household poetry book: an anthology of English-speaking poets from Chaucer to Faber. Burns & Oates. Authority control databases International VIAF National Poland
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"French","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Second_Republic"},{"link_name":"English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great-Britain_and_Ireland"},{"link_name":"foundling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_abandonment"},{"link_name":"adopted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoption"},{"link_name":"Henry Fox, 4th Baron Holland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Fox,_4th_Baron_Holland"},{"link_name":"Princely House of Liechtenstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princely_House_of_Liechtenstein"}],"text":"Princess Marie \"Mary\" Henriette Adélaïde of Liechtenstein (21 December 1850 – 26 December 1878) was a French-born English writer. A foundling of unknown paternity, she was adopted by the childless English nobleman Henry Fox, 4th Baron Holland (1802–1859) and his wife, and eventually married into the Princely House of Liechtenstein.","title":"Marie Fox"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Watts_marie_fox.jpg"},{"link_name":"pointer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointer_(dog_breed)"},{"link_name":"George Frederic Watts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Frederic_Watts"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HistoryOf_HollandHouse_1874Vol1_SignedCopy.png"},{"link_name":"Paris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris"},{"link_name":"Florence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence"},{"link_name":"Frenchwoman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_people"},{"link_name":"Soissons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soissons"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ilchester-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-parliament-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bryant-3"},{"link_name":"Church of St. Augustine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Augustin,_Paris"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ilchester-1"},{"link_name":"Henry Fox, 4th Baron Holland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Fox,_4th_Baron_Holland"},{"link_name":"Holland House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland_House"},{"link_name":"Kensington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensington"},{"link_name":"London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London"},{"link_name":"Coventry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Coventry"},{"link_name":"George Coventry, 8th Earl of Coventry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Coventry,_8th_Earl_of_Coventry"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bryant-3"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-parliament-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bryant-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-odnb-4"},{"link_name":"servant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servant"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bryant-3"}],"text":"Marie Fox, aged three, with her pointer dog Elia, painted by George Frederic WattsSigned flyleaf in a copy of her book Holland House, dated 1873Marie was born in Paris (though some sources wrongly say she was born in Florence) on 21 December 1850 (though some sources wrongly say she was born in January 1851). Her mother's name was given as Frenchwoman Victoire Magny of Soissons, but the identity of her father was unspecified.[1][2][3] She was baptised at the Church of St. Augustine as Marie Henriette Adélaïde.[1]In April 1851, aged three months, Marie was found by a physician called Dr. Séguin, who arranged for her to be adopted by the childless English aristocrat Henry Fox, 4th Baron Holland (1802-1859), of Holland House in Kensington, near London, and his wife Lady Mary Augusta Coventry (1812-1889), a daughter of George Coventry, 8th Earl of Coventry.[3] Lord and Lady Holland had no surviving children of their own, having suffered two stillbirths[2] and one short-lived infant. Lady Holland was by then in her late thirties and Lord Holland insisted on adopting the girl.[3][4] Her biological paternity remains a mystery; one rumour had it that she was her adoptive father's natural daughter born by his servant.[3]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"nurse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursery_nurse"},{"link_name":"Fontenay-aux-Roses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontenay-aux-Roses"},{"link_name":"nanny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanny"},{"link_name":"Holland House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland_House"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ilchester-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bryant-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bryant-3"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ilchester-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bryant-3"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ilchester-1"}],"text":"Following the adoption, Marie was assigned to a nurse at Fontenay-aux-Roses and then a nanny, Madame Marque, before moving to her parents' residence, Holland House, London, in June 1853,[1][3] at the age of 2 1/2. She grew up unaware of her background. Lord Holland died in 1859, when she was nine. As she approached her eighteenth birthday and marriageable age, Lady Holland's legal advisor strongly recommended disclosing the information about the adoption to her. She complied, but her own lack of full knowledge about the matter continued to pose problems.[3] All people who knew the truth about the identity of her biological parents had died by then.[1] Marie eventually became estranged from her mother.[3] Her paternal aunt, Lady Lilford, wrote in 1867: \"Marie is much grown and improved. She is a very nice and affectionate girl, and has been thoroughly well educated.\"[1]","title":"Life in London"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Archibald Primrose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery"},{"link_name":"5th Earl of Rosebery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Rosebery"},{"link_name":"Roman Catholicism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholicism"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-James-5"},{"link_name":"Naples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples"},{"link_name":"Prince Louis of Liechtenstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Louis_of_Liechtenstein"},{"link_name":"Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein"},{"link_name":"Kensington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensington"},{"link_name":"pro-cathedral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-cathedral"},{"link_name":"Henry Edward Manning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Edward_Manning"},{"link_name":"Cardinal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)"},{"link_name":"Archbishop of Westminster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Westminster"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ilchester-1"},{"link_name":"Prince","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VII"},{"link_name":"Princess of Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Legge-6"},{"link_name":"Princely House of Liechtenstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princely_House_of_Liechtenstein"},{"link_name":"inequality of birth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morganatic_marriage"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Fontenoy-7"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ilchester-1"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burke-8"},{"link_name":"Berlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin"},{"link_name":"Graz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz"},{"link_name":"Graz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz"},{"link_name":"Ürmény","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Crm%C3%A9ny"},{"link_name":"Baden bei Wien","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden_bei_Wien"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burke-8"},{"link_name":"Schloss Burgstall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schloss_Burgstall_21.3.04_103a.jpg"},{"link_name":"Mayerling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayerling"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burke-8"},{"link_name":"Pertlstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertlstein"},{"link_name":"Benedictine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedictine"},{"link_name":"nun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nun"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burke-8"},{"link_name":"Vienna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna"},{"link_name":"Vienna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna"},{"link_name":"Count Franz Peter Johann, of Meran, Baron of Brandhofen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz,_Count_of_Meran#Descendants"},{"link_name":"Graz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graz"},{"link_name":"Bad Aussee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Aussee"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burke-8"}],"text":"At the age of sixteen, Marie was courted by Archibald Primrose, later 5th Earl of Rosebery, but refused to marry him as she was unwilling to renounce Roman Catholicism.[5]In the winter of 1871, which Marie spent with her mother in Naples, she was courted by Prince Louis of Liechtenstein, a first cousin of Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein. Their engagement was announced in the spring. The marriage ceremony took place in Kensington pro-cathedral, London, on 27 June 1872 and was performed by Henry Edward Manning, Cardinal-Archbishop of Westminster.[1] Among the guests were the Prince and Princess of Wales.[6] The Princely House of Liechtenstein initially refused to approve the marriage on the grounds of inequality of birth,[7] but the princess was later accepted in Vienna.[1] They had four daughters:[8]Princess Sophie Maria Josepha (Berlin, 29 March 1873 – Graz, 2 March 1947), married in Graz on 31 July 1897 Franz Ürményi d'Ürmény (Ürmény, 14 January 1863 – Baden bei Wien, 20 February 1934), childless[8]\nPrincess Julie Margarethe Maria (Schloss Burgstall, 20 July 1874 – Mayerling, 3 July 1950), unmarried and childless[8]\nPrincess Henriette Maria Josefa (Schloss Burgstall, 6 July 1875 – Pertlstein, 21 April 1958), a Benedictine nun under the name Sister Adelgundis[8]\nPrincess Marie Johanna Franziska Sophie (Schloss Burgstall, 21 August 1877 – Vienna, 11 January 1939), married in Vienna on 7 June 1902 Count Franz Peter Johann, of Meran, Baron of Brandhofen (Graz, 5 October 1868 – Bad Aussee, 10 November 1949), and had six children[8]","title":"Marriage and children"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Princess-marie-liechtenstein.crop.jpg"},{"link_name":"Marquis de Montaigu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marquis_de_Montaigu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ilchester-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bryant-3"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-collection-9"},{"link_name":"Abraham Hayward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Hayward"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ilchester-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ilchester-1"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Vere-10"},{"link_name":"George Frederic Watts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Frederic_Watts"},{"link_name":"Spanish pointer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgos_Pointer"}],"text":"An illustration of Marie on the cover of her book, Holland HouseRumours about Marie's biological parentage continued to circulate throughout her marriage. Soon after the wedding the Marquis de Montaigu publicly denied the rumour that he was the princess's father and that her mother had died in childbirth.[1]In 1874, Marie published a book about Holland House[3] and its art collection[9] which sold well despite criticism from Abraham Hayward.[1] Today her work is significant for the history of that great house.[1] She also translated literature from German into English.[10] George Frederic Watts painted portraits of Marie at least twice, one as a child standing with her pet Spanish pointer and another as a young woman.","title":"Writer"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/hollandhouse01liec_0/page/n7"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/hollandhouse02liec_0/page/n5"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/hollandhouse00liec/page/n7"}],"text":"Liechtenstein, Princess Marie, Holland House, 2 Vols., London, 1874. Illustrated with 38 mounted woodbury-type prints; engravings, lithographs, etc.\nVolume 1 [1]\nVolume 2 [2]\nVolumes 1 & 2, 3rd Edition, 1875 [3]","title":"List of works"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Schloss Burgstall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schloss_Burgstall&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Styria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styria"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bryant-3"}],"text":"Marie died at Schloss Burgstall in Styria on 26 December 1878,[3] aged 28.","title":"Death"}]
[{"image_text":"Marie Fox, aged three, with her pointer dog Elia, painted by George Frederic Watts","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Watts_marie_fox.jpg/220px-Watts_marie_fox.jpg"},{"image_text":"Signed flyleaf in a copy of her book Holland House, dated 1873","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/HistoryOf_HollandHouse_1874Vol1_SignedCopy.png/220px-HistoryOf_HollandHouse_1874Vol1_SignedCopy.png"},{"image_text":"An illustration of Marie on the cover of her book, Holland House","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Princess-marie-liechtenstein.crop.jpg/170px-Princess-marie-liechtenstein.crop.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"Ilchester, 6th Earl of (1937). Chronicles of Holland House: 1820–1900. John Murray.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giles_Fox-Strangways,_6th_Earl_of_Ilchester","url_text":"Ilchester, 6th Earl of"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)","url_text":"John Murray"}]},{"reference":"\"Fox, Hon. Henry Edward\". 2004.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/member/fox-hon-henry-1802-1859","url_text":"\"Fox, Hon. Henry Edward\""}]},{"reference":"Bryant, Barbara (2004). G.F. Watts portraits: fame & beauty in Victorian society. National Portrait Gallery. ISBN 185514347X.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London","url_text":"National Portrait Gallery"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/185514347X","url_text":"185514347X"}]},{"reference":"\"Fox, Henry Edward\". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.oxforddnb.com/templates/article.jsp?articleid=38898&back=,10025,10028","url_text":"\"Fox, Henry Edward\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press","url_text":"Oxford University Press"}]},{"reference":"Rhodes James, Robert (1964). Rosebery: a biography of Archibald Philip, fifth earl of Rosebery. Macmillan Publishers.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/roseberybiograph00jame","url_text":"Rosebery: a biography of Archibald Philip, fifth earl of Rosebery"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers","url_text":"Macmillan Publishers"}]},{"reference":"Legge, Edward (1913). King Edward in his true colours. E. Nash.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/kingedwardinhist00leggiala","url_text":"King Edward in his true colours"}]},{"reference":"Fontenoy, Marquise de (1900). William II, Germany ; Francis-Joseph, Austria-Hungary. G. Barrie.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (1977). Burke's royal families of the world. Burke's Peerage.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burke%27s_Peerage","url_text":"Burke's Peerage"}]},{"reference":"\"Marie, Princess Aloys of Liechtenstein (Miss Fox), (1850–78)\". Royal Collection. 2004. Retrieved 16 February 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/eGallery/object.asp?collector=12787&display=acquired&pagesize=40&object=2912103&row=870&detail=about","url_text":"\"Marie, Princess Aloys of Liechtenstein (Miss Fox), (1850–78)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Collection","url_text":"Royal Collection"}]},{"reference":"De Vere, Aubrey. The household poetry book: an anthology of English-speaking poets from Chaucer to Faber. Burns & Oates.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/householdpoetryb00deverich","url_text":"The household poetry book: an anthology of English-speaking poets from Chaucer to Faber"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burns_%26_Oates","url_text":"Burns & Oates"}]}]
[{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/hollandhouse01liec_0/page/n7","external_links_name":"[1]"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/hollandhouse02liec_0/page/n5","external_links_name":"[2]"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/hollandhouse00liec/page/n7","external_links_name":"[3]"},{"Link":"http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/member/fox-hon-henry-1802-1859","external_links_name":"\"Fox, Hon. Henry Edward\""},{"Link":"http://www.oxforddnb.com/templates/article.jsp?articleid=38898&back=,10025,10028","external_links_name":"\"Fox, Henry Edward\""},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/roseberybiograph00jame","external_links_name":"Rosebery: a biography of Archibald Philip, fifth earl of Rosebery"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/kingedwardinhist00leggiala","external_links_name":"King Edward in his true colours"},{"Link":"http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/eGallery/object.asp?collector=12787&display=acquired&pagesize=40&object=2912103&row=870&detail=about","external_links_name":"\"Marie, Princess Aloys of Liechtenstein (Miss Fox), (1850–78)\""},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/householdpoetryb00deverich","external_links_name":"The household poetry book: an anthology of English-speaking poets from Chaucer to Faber"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/56144648400451939852","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810556471305606","external_links_name":"Poland"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_G._Dorland
Arthur G. Dorland
["1 References"]
Arthur G. DorlandBornArthur Garratt Dorland(1887-07-30)July 30, 1887Wellington, Ontario, CanadaDiedJune 26, 1979(1979-06-26) (aged 91)Toronto Arthur Garratt Dorland (July 30, 1887 – June 26, 1979) was Canada's leading historian on the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in Canada. Dorland was born on July 30, 1887, into a Quaker family that had come to Prince Edward County, Ontario with the American Loyalists after the American Revolutionary War. Soon after Dorland was born, his father, John Trumpour Dorland, accepted a post as a Quaker preacher in England. The family lived there until the father died, at which time it returned to Canada. During his high school years, Dorland attended Pickering College, the Quaker school in Newmarket, Ontario. After high school, he earned his BA at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario and then returned to teach at Pickering. After 2 years, he continued his studies to earn his MA in 1912 and do post-graduate studies at Yale University. In 1916, Dorland returned to Queen's University as its first-ever lecturer in American history. During this time, he published his first perspective entitled "The Royal Disallowance in Massachusetts." While this work was primarily interested in British inefficiencies that contributed to the loss of the American Colonies, it did raise the issue of how Quakers were forced to pay the church tax that supported the Presbyterian clergy. Four years later, he accepted a notable promotion to Head of the History Department at the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario. In 1927, Dorland earned a PhD for his studies in Quaker history which he published that same year under the title: A History of the Society of Friends (Quakers) in Canada. During his time at Western, he published many other volumes as listed below, and was accepted as a Fellow into the Royal Society of Canada. He retired in 1956, after which the university honoured him with an LLD degree. Dorland played a valuable role in centralizing early records of the Quakers in Canada. "The grace of God was revealed many times and in many ways in Arthur Dorland's long life. As a result of gathering materials for a history of early Friends in Canada on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the orthodox Canada Yearly Meeting he was led into deeper study of Quaker history and also into recognition of the necessity for collecting and caring for the many scattered records of all the three branches of Friends in Canada. These were deposited at the University of Western Ontario's Lawson Library and are the basis of the present Friends Archives." He regretted that members of Religious Society of Friends had actually been unfriendly towards each other and had split at least twice, once in 1827 and again in the 1840s. He and others worked persistently for re-unification and their goal was realized in 1955 when the major factions held a joint Yearly Meeting. "In 1932, as Chairman of the Peace Committee, he promoted the idea of an Institute of International Relations. Conferences were held at the YMCA camp, Geneva Park, Lake Couchiching. The Institute later became the Canadian Institute of International Affairs and the well-known Couchiching Conferences.": 27  From 1931 he served for 12 years as the Chairman of the Canadian Friends Service Committee, including during World War II; in this role he worked particularly on the campaign for world disarmament and the search for solutions to the social crisis caused by the depression. Dorland expressed his pacificism in many other leadership roles; for example, in cooperation with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, "he helped lead a concerted campaign against cadet training in Canada's schools as well as against militarism in school textbooks" After his death on June 26, 1979, his library formed the nucleus of the Quaker Library and Archives of Canada at Pickering College in Newmarket, and its quarters were named the Arthur Garratt Dorland Reference Library. His publications include: The Royal Disallowance in Massachusetts, 1917 A History of the Society of Friends (Quakers) in Canada, 1927 A Hundred Years of Quaker Education in Canada – the Centenary of Pickering College, 1942 Our Canada, 1949 The Republican Tradition in the British Empire and the Commonwealth, 1950 Recent Developments in Canadian Quakerism, 1955 The Quakers in Canada: A History, 1968 Former Days & Quaker Ways, 1968 Along the Trail of Life: a Quaker retrospect, 1979 References ^ a b c Josephson, Harold (1985). Biographical Dictionary of Modern Peace Leaders. Connecticut: Greenwood. pp. 221-223. ISBN 0-313-22565-6. ^ Loyal Americans Hall of Honour published by the Bay of Quinte Branch of the United Empire Loyalists Association of Canada, 2012 ^ A. G. Dorland, The Royal Disallowance in Massachusetts, the Jackson Press, Kingston, 1917, p.28 ^ a b Arthur Garrett Dorland, A History of the Society of Friends (Quakers) in Canada, Macmillan Company of Canada Ltd., 1927 ^ John Calder, from a minute read at the memorial meeting in Dorland's honour, as quoted in The Newsletter, published by the Canadian Friends Historical Association, No.25, November 1979, p.3 Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat National United States Other IdRef
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Quakers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quakers"},{"link_name":"Prince Edward County, Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward_County,_Ontario"},{"link_name":"American Loyalists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Loyalists"},{"link_name":"American Revolutionary War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War"},{"link_name":"Pickering College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickering_College"},{"link_name":"Newmarket, Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newmarket,_Ontario"},{"link_name":"Queen's University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston"},{"link_name":"Kingston, Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario"},{"link_name":"Yale University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"University of Western Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Western_Ontario"},{"link_name":"London, Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London,_Ontario"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dorland-4"},{"link_name":"Royal Society of Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Canada"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Canadian Institute of International Affairs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couchiching_Institute_on_Public_Affairs"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dorland-4"},{"link_name":"Canadian Friends Service Committee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Friends_Service_Committee"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BiographicalDictionary1985-1"},{"link_name":"pacificism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacificism"},{"link_name":"Women's International League for Peace and Freedom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_International_League_for_Peace_and_Freedom"},{"link_name":"cadet training","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Cadet_Organizations"},{"link_name":"militarism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militarism"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BiographicalDictionary1985-1"}],"text":"Arthur Garratt Dorland (July 30, 1887 – June 26, 1979) was Canada's leading historian on the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in Canada.Dorland was born on July 30, 1887, into a Quaker family that had come to Prince Edward County, Ontario with the American Loyalists after the American Revolutionary War. Soon after Dorland was born, his father, John Trumpour Dorland, accepted a post as a Quaker preacher in England. The family lived there until the father died, at which time it returned to Canada.During his high school years, Dorland attended Pickering College, the Quaker school in Newmarket, Ontario. After high school, he earned his BA at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario and then returned to teach at Pickering. After 2 years, he continued his studies to earn his MA in 1912 and do post-graduate studies at Yale University.In 1916, Dorland returned to Queen's University as its first-ever lecturer in American history.[2] During this time, he published his first perspective entitled \"The Royal Disallowance in Massachusetts.\" While this work was primarily interested in British inefficiencies that contributed to the loss of the American Colonies, it did raise the issue of how Quakers were forced to pay the church tax that supported the Presbyterian clergy.[3] Four years later, he accepted a notable promotion to Head of the History Department at the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario.In 1927, Dorland earned a PhD for his studies in Quaker history which he published that same year under the title: A History of the Society of Friends (Quakers) in Canada.[4] During his time at Western, he published many other volumes as listed below, and was accepted as a Fellow into the Royal Society of Canada. He retired in 1956, after which the university honoured him with an LLD degree.Dorland played a valuable role in centralizing early records of the Quakers in Canada. \"The grace of God was revealed many times and in many ways in Arthur Dorland's long life. As a result of gathering materials for a history of early Friends in Canada on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the orthodox Canada Yearly Meeting he was led into deeper study of Quaker history and also into recognition of the necessity for collecting and caring for the many scattered records of all the three branches of Friends in Canada. These were deposited at the University of Western Ontario's Lawson Library and are the basis of the present Friends Archives.\"[5]He regretted that members of Religious Society of Friends had actually been unfriendly towards each other and had split at least twice, once in 1827 and again in the 1840s. He and others worked persistently for re-unification and their goal was realized in 1955 when the major factions held a joint Yearly Meeting.\"In 1932, as Chairman of the Peace Committee, he promoted the idea of an Institute of International Relations. Conferences were held at the YMCA camp, Geneva Park, Lake Couchiching. The Institute later became the Canadian Institute of International Affairs and the well-known Couchiching Conferences.\"[4]: 27  From 1931 he served for 12 years as the Chairman of the Canadian Friends Service Committee, including during World War II; in this role he worked particularly on the campaign for world disarmament and the search for solutions to the social crisis caused by the depression.[1]Dorland expressed his pacificism in many other leadership roles; for example, in cooperation with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, \"he helped lead a concerted campaign against cadet training in Canada's schools as well as against militarism in school textbooks\"[1]After his death on June 26, 1979, his library formed the nucleus of the Quaker Library and Archives of Canada at Pickering College in Newmarket, and its quarters were named the Arthur Garratt Dorland Reference Library.His publications include:The Royal Disallowance in Massachusetts, 1917\nA History of the Society of Friends (Quakers) in Canada, 1927\nA Hundred Years of Quaker Education in Canada – the Centenary of Pickering College, 1942\nOur Canada, 1949\nThe Republican Tradition in the British Empire and the Commonwealth, 1950\nRecent Developments in Canadian Quakerism, 1955\nThe Quakers in Canada: A History, 1968\nFormer Days & Quaker Ways, 1968\nAlong the Trail of Life: a Quaker retrospect, 1979","title":"Arthur G. Dorland"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Josephson, Harold (1985). Biographical Dictionary of Modern Peace Leaders. Connecticut: Greenwood. pp. 221-223. ISBN 0-313-22565-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_q1j1/page/221","url_text":"Biographical Dictionary of Modern Peace Leaders"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_q1j1/page/221","url_text":"221-223"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-22565-6","url_text":"0-313-22565-6"}]}]
[{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_q1j1/page/221","external_links_name":"Biographical Dictionary of Modern Peace Leaders"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_q1j1/page/221","external_links_name":"221-223"},{"Link":"http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1816212/","external_links_name":"FAST"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/000000004002581X","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/11936850","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqkbWvHg8qtj9jCKJTJXd","external_links_name":"WorldCat"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no99024954","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://www.idref.fr/122846915","external_links_name":"IdRef"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_794
United Nations Security Council Resolution 794
["1 See also","2 References","3 External links"]
United Nations resolution adopted in 1992 UN Security CouncilResolution 794Two Batswana soldiers conducting raids as part of UNITAFDate3 December 1992Meeting no.3,145CodeS/RES/794 (Document)SubjectSomaliaVoting summary15 voted forNone voted againstNone abstainedResultAdoptedSecurity Council compositionPermanent members China France Russia United Kingdom United StatesNon-permanent members Austria Belgium Cape Verde Ecuador Hungary India Japan Morocco Venezuela Zimbabwe ← 793 Lists of resolutions 795 → United Nations Security Council resolution 794, adopted unanimously on 3 December 1992, after reaffirming resolutions 733 (1992), 746 (1992), 751 (1992), 767 (1992) and 775 (1992), the Council " grave alarm" regarding the situation in Somalia and authorised the creation of the Unified Task Force (UNITAF) to create a "secure environment for humanitarian relief operations in Somalia" in order to provide "essential for the survival of the civilian population". The current resolution determined that "the magnitude of human tragedy caused by the conflict in Somalia, further exacerbated by the obstacles being created to the distribution of humanitarian assistance a threat to international peace and security". The Council once again, strongly condemned violations of international humanitarian law and demanded the cessation of all hostilities from all parties involved, urging them to co-operate with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali and military, including allowing access by military personnel and humanitarian organisations to the affected population and to ensure their safety. It also authorised a further deployment of 3,500 personnel of the United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNISOM I) created in Resolution 775 to Somalia and informing it should proceed at the discretion of the Secretary-General. The resolution went on to endorse a recommendation by the Secretary-General that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter and welcomed offers by Member States concerning the creation of an operation to create a secure environment for humanitarian operations, that later became known as UNITAF. At the time of his report, disarmament and the problem of security was not resolved. The Council authorised such action to be taken by Member States, and appointed an ad hoc commission composed of members of the Security Council to report on the implementation of the current resolution. Acting under Chapter VII and Chapter VIII, the Council urged states and agencies to ensure strict implementation of the arms embargo against Somalia imposed in Resolution 733. Resolution 794 ended by requiring states participating in UNITAF and the Secretary-General to report regularly on the progress they are making in Somalia so that arrangements can be handed back over to UNISOM II. Within days of passing the current resolution, on 9 December 1992, the first UNITAF troops arrived in the Somali capital, Mogadishu. It was the first Security Council resolution that authorised the use of force under Chapter VII to deliver humanitarian aid that was being obstructed by warlords, and the fourth major military engagement since the Cold War, following the invasion of Kuwait, the deployment of peacekeepers in Cambodia and a further deployment of peacekeepers in Yugoslavia. See also History of Somalia List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 701 to 800 (1991–1993) Somali Civil War References ^ a b Sarooshi, Danesh (2000). The United Nations and the development of collective security: the delegation by the UN Security Council of its chapter VII powers. Oxford University Press. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-19-829934-9. ^ Fenton, Neil (2004). Understanding the UN Security Council: coercion or consent?. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-7546-4092-9. ^ Wheeler, Nicholas J. (2000). Saving strangers: humanitarian intervention in international society. Oxford University Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-19-829621-8. ^ Lewis, Paul (4 December 1992). "Mission to Somalia – First UN goal is security, political outlook is murky". The New York Times. External links Works related to United Nations Security Council Resolution 794 at Wikisource Text of the Resolution at undocs.org vteUnited Nations Security Council resolutions adopted in 1992 ← 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 → Authority control databases International VIAF National Germany
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"733","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_733"},{"link_name":"746","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_746"},{"link_name":"751","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_751"},{"link_name":"767","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_767"},{"link_name":"775","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_775"},{"link_name":"Somalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia"},{"link_name":"Unified Task Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Task_Force"},{"link_name":"humanitarian relief","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_aid"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sd-1"},{"link_name":"international humanitarian law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_humanitarian_law"},{"link_name":"Boutros Boutros-Ghali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boutros_Boutros-Ghali"},{"link_name":"United Nations Operation in Somalia I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_Somalia_I"},{"link_name":"Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_VII_of_the_United_Nations_Charter"},{"link_name":"disarmament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disarmament"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Chapter VIII","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_VIII_of_the_United_Nations_Charter"},{"link_name":"arms embargo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arms_embargo"},{"link_name":"Mogadishu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogadishu"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sd-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Cold War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War"},{"link_name":"invasion of Kuwait","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait"},{"link_name":"peacekeepers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Authority_in_Cambodia"},{"link_name":"peacekeepers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Protection_Force"},{"link_name":"Yugoslavia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"United Nations resolution adopted in 1992United Nations Security Council resolution 794, adopted unanimously on 3 December 1992, after reaffirming resolutions 733 (1992), 746 (1992), 751 (1992), 767 (1992) and 775 (1992), the Council \"[expressed] grave alarm\" regarding the situation in Somalia and authorised the creation of the Unified Task Force (UNITAF) to create a \"secure environment for humanitarian relief operations in Somalia\" in order to provide \"essential for the survival of the civilian population\". The current resolution determined that \"the magnitude of human tragedy caused by the conflict in Somalia, further exacerbated by the obstacles being created to the distribution of humanitarian assistance [constitutes] a threat to international peace and security\".[1]The Council once again, strongly condemned violations of international humanitarian law and demanded the cessation of all hostilities from all parties involved, urging them to co-operate with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali and military, including allowing access by military personnel and humanitarian organisations to the affected population and to ensure their safety. It also authorised a further deployment of 3,500 personnel of the United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNISOM I) created in Resolution 775 to Somalia and informing it should proceed at the discretion of the Secretary-General.The resolution went on to endorse a recommendation by the Secretary-General that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter and welcomed offers by Member States concerning the creation of an operation to create a secure environment for humanitarian operations, that later became known as UNITAF. At the time of his report, disarmament and the problem of security was not resolved.[2] The Council authorised such action to be taken by Member States, and appointed an ad hoc commission composed of members of the Security Council to report on the implementation of the current resolution.Acting under Chapter VII and Chapter VIII, the Council urged states and agencies to ensure strict implementation of the arms embargo against Somalia imposed in Resolution 733. Resolution 794 ended by requiring states participating in UNITAF and the Secretary-General to report regularly on the progress they are making in Somalia so that arrangements can be handed back over to UNISOM II.Within days of passing the current resolution, on 9 December 1992, the first UNITAF troops arrived in the Somali capital, Mogadishu.[1] It was the first Security Council resolution that authorised the use of force under Chapter VII to deliver humanitarian aid that was being obstructed by warlords,[3] and the fourth major military engagement since the Cold War, following the invasion of Kuwait, the deployment of peacekeepers in Cambodia and a further deployment of peacekeepers in Yugoslavia.[4]","title":"United Nations Security Council Resolution 794"}]
[]
[{"title":"History of Somalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Somalia"},{"title":"List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 701 to 800","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolutions_701_to_800"},{"title":"Somali Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Civil_War"}]
[{"reference":"Sarooshi, Danesh (2000). The United Nations and the development of collective security: the delegation by the UN Security Council of its chapter VII powers. Oxford University Press. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-19-829934-9.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829934-9","url_text":"978-0-19-829934-9"}]},{"reference":"Fenton, Neil (2004). Understanding the UN Security Council: coercion or consent?. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-7546-4092-9.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4092-9","url_text":"978-0-7546-4092-9"}]},{"reference":"Wheeler, Nicholas J. (2000). Saving strangers: humanitarian intervention in international society. Oxford University Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-19-829621-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/savingstrangersh00whee","url_text":"Saving strangers: humanitarian intervention in international society"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/savingstrangersh00whee/page/n217","url_text":"200"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829621-8","url_text":"978-0-19-829621-8"}]},{"reference":"Lewis, Paul (4 December 1992). \"Mission to Somalia – First UN goal is security, political outlook is murky\". The New York Times.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/04/world/mission-to-somalia-first-un-goal-is-security-political-outlook-is-murky.html?pagewanted=1","url_text":"\"Mission to Somalia – First UN goal is security, political outlook is murky\""}]}]
[{"Link":"https://undocs.org/S/RES/794(1992)","external_links_name":"Document"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/savingstrangersh00whee","external_links_name":"Saving strangers: humanitarian intervention in international society"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/savingstrangersh00whee/page/n217","external_links_name":"200"},{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/04/world/mission-to-somalia-first-un-goal-is-security-political-outlook-is-murky.html?pagewanted=1","external_links_name":"\"Mission to Somalia – First UN goal is security, political outlook is murky\""},{"Link":"https://undocs.org/S/RES/794(1992)","external_links_name":"Text of the Resolution at undocs.org"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/188122506","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/7697261-6","external_links_name":"Germany"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_J._Lau
Lawrence Lau
["1 Personal life","2 Academic career","3 2019–20 Hong Kong protests","4 Other activities","5 References"]
American economist This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: "Lawrence Lau" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) For the film director, see Lawrence Ah Mon. For the Hong Kong barrister, see Lawrence Lau (barrister). In this Hong Kong name, the surname is Lau. In accordance with Hong Kong custom, the Western-style name is Lawrence Lau and the Chinese-style name is Lau Juen-yee. Lawrence Lau劉遵義Lau interviewed by the China News Service in September 2019.Non-official Member of the Executive Council of Hong KongIn office21 January 2009 – 30 June 2012PresidentSir Donald TsangConvenorRonald ArculliVice Chancellor of the Chinese University of Hong KongIn office1 July 2004 – 30 June 2010ChancellorTung Chee-hwaSir Donald TsangPreceded byAmbrose KingSucceeded byJoseph Sung Personal detailsBorn (1944-12-12) 12 December 1944 (age 79)Zunyi, ChinaSpouseAyesha Abbas MacphersonEducationSt. Paul's Co-educational CollegeAlma materStanford University (BS)University of California, Berkeley (MA, PhD) Lawrence LauTraditional Chinese劉遵義Simplified Chinese刘遵义TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinLiú ZūnyìYue: CantoneseJyutpinglau4 zeon1 ji6 Lawrence Lau Juen-yee, GBS, JP (Chinese: 劉遵義; born 1944) is a Hong Kong economist and the former Vice-Chancellor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He was a non-official member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong from 2009 to 2012. Before joining CUHK he was an economics professor at Stanford University. Personal life Lau was born on 12 December 1944 in Zunyi, Guizhou, Republic of China. His maternal grandfather was famed calligrapher and Kuomintang leader Yu Youren of Shaanxi Province. He received his secondary education from St. Paul's Co-educational College in Hong Kong, his B.S. degree in Physics and Economics, with Great Distinction, from Stanford University in 1964, and his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Economics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1966 and 1969 respectively. He joined the faculty of the Department of Economics of Stanford University in 1966 and was promoted to Professor of Economics in 1976. Academic career In 1992, Lau was named the first Kwoh-Ting Li Professor of Economic Development at Stanford University. From 1992 to 1996, he served as a Co-Director of the Asia-Pacific Research Center of Stanford University. From 1997 to 1999, he served as the director of the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) of Stanford University. His specialized fields are Economic Development, Economic Growth, and the Economies of East Asia, including China. He developed one of the first econometric models of China in 1966, and has continued to revise and update his model since then. Lau has been elected a member of Phi Beta Kappa, a member of Tau Beta Pi, a Fellow of the Econometric Society, an Academician of Academia Sinica, a Member of the Conference for Research in Income and Wealth, an Overseas Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge, England, an Honorary Member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and an Academician of the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences. He has been awarded the degree of Doctor of Social Sciences, honoris causa, by the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. He has been a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow and a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He is the author or editor of five books and more than one hundred and sixty articles and notes in professional publications. Lau is active in both academic and professional services. He is an Honorary Research Fellow of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai; an Honorary Professor of the Institute of Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin University, Nanjing University, Renmin University, Shantou University, Southeast University, and the School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing; an International Adviser, National Bureau of Statistics, People's Republic of China and a member of the board of directors of the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange, Taipei. He moved back to Hong Kong in 2004 to take up the position of Vice-Chancellor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Lau is currently the Ralph and Claire Landau Professor of Economics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong. In 2015, Lau suggested that students who stormed the University of Hong Kong council meeting should be imprisoned. 2019–20 Hong Kong protests In 2019, Lau criticised Hong Kong protests. He wrote: "To find a way forward, one must recognise that the current disturbances reflect deep-rooted, but until now largely latent, anger and discontent among lower-income groups in Hong Kong, especially younger people. The discontent and perceived lack of hope provided the environment for domestic and foreign agitators to succeed." Other activities In January 2009, Lau was named a non-official member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong by Chief Executive Donald Tsang. He renounced his United States citizenship to take up the position. Later that year, he became a member of the International Advisory Council of the Chinese sovereign wealth fund China Investment Corporation. References ^ "劉遵義 經濟學者掌中大". Ming Pao. 2009-01-20. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2013-03-29. ^ "CUHK IGEF - Professor Lawrence J. Lau". www.igef.cuhk.edu.hk. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2022. ^ "Community & Education Hong Kong Students who stormed HKU meeting should be imprisoned, says former university head". Hong Kong Free Press. 3 August 2015. ^ "Neither violence, nor Beijing, can fix Hong Kong's housing shortage and lack of a social safety net". South China Morning Post. 30 July 2019. ^ "劉遵義放棄美國國籍 對學生批評持開放態度". Radio Television Hong Kong. 2009-01-20. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2013-03-29. ^ "China Investment Corporation". Archived from the original on 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2010-04-16. Academic offices Preceded byAmbrose King Vice-Chancellor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong 2004 – 2010 Succeeded byJoseph Sung Order of precedence Preceded byEva ChengRecipients of the Gold Bauhinia Star Hong Kong order of precedenceRecipients of the Gold Bauhinia Star Succeeded byChristina TingRecipients of the Gold Bauhinia Star Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat National France BnF data Germany Israel United States Czech Republic Netherlands Academics MathSciNet Mathematics Genealogy Project Other IdRef
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For the Hong Kong barrister, see Lawrence Lau (barrister).In this Hong Kong name, the surname is Lau. In accordance with Hong Kong custom, the Western-style name is Lawrence Lau and the Chinese-style name is Lau Juen-yee.Lawrence Lau Juen-yee, GBS, JP (Chinese: 劉遵義; born 1944) is a Hong Kong economist and the former Vice-Chancellor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He was a non-official member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong from 2009 to 2012. Before joining CUHK he was an economics professor at Stanford University.","title":"Lawrence Lau"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Zunyi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zunyi"},{"link_name":"Guizhou","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guizhou"},{"link_name":"Kuomintang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuomintang"},{"link_name":"Yu Youren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_Youren"},{"link_name":"Shaanxi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaanxi"},{"link_name":"St. Paul's Co-educational College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Co-educational_College"},{"link_name":"Stanford University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University"},{"link_name":"University of California, Berkeley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley"}],"text":"Lau was born on 12 December 1944 in Zunyi, Guizhou, Republic of China. His maternal grandfather was famed calligrapher and Kuomintang leader Yu Youren of Shaanxi Province. He received his secondary education from St. Paul's Co-educational College in Hong Kong, his B.S. degree in Physics and Economics, with Great Distinction, from Stanford University in 1964, and his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Economics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1966 and 1969 respectively. He joined the faculty of the Department of Economics of Stanford University in 1966 and was promoted to Professor of Economics in 1976.","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kwoh-Ting Li","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwoh-Ting_Li"},{"link_name":"Asia-Pacific Research Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Research_Center"},{"link_name":"Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Institute_for_Economic_Policy_Research"},{"link_name":"China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China"},{"link_name":"Phi Beta Kappa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa"},{"link_name":"Tau Beta Pi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_Beta_Pi"},{"link_name":"Econometric Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econometric_Society"},{"link_name":"Academia Sinica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Sinica"},{"link_name":"Churchill College, Cambridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill_College,_Cambridge"},{"link_name":"Chinese Academy of Social Sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences"},{"link_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_University_of_Science_and_Technology"},{"link_name":"Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Advanced_Study_in_the_Behavioral_Sciences"},{"link_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences"},{"link_name":"Jilin University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jilin_University"},{"link_name":"Nanjing University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_University"},{"link_name":"Renmin University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renmin_University"},{"link_name":"Shantou University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shantou_University"},{"link_name":"Southeast University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_University"},{"link_name":"Tsinghua University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsinghua_University"},{"link_name":"People's Republic of China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China"},{"link_name":"Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang_Ching-kuo_Foundation_for_International_Scholarly_Exchange"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"In 1992, Lau was named the first Kwoh-Ting Li Professor of Economic Development at Stanford University. From 1992 to 1996, he served as a Co-Director of the Asia-Pacific Research Center of Stanford University. From 1997 to 1999, he served as the director of the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) of Stanford University. His specialized fields are Economic Development, Economic Growth, and the Economies of East Asia, including China. He developed one of the first econometric models of China in 1966, and has continued to revise and update his model since then.Lau has been elected a member of Phi Beta Kappa, a member of Tau Beta Pi, a Fellow of the Econometric Society, an Academician of Academia Sinica, a Member of the Conference for Research in Income and Wealth, an Overseas Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge, England, an Honorary Member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and an Academician of the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences. He has been awarded the degree of Doctor of Social Sciences, honoris causa, by the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. He has been a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow and a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He is the author or editor of five books and more than one hundred and sixty articles and notes in professional publications.Lau is active in both academic and professional services. He is an Honorary Research Fellow of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai; an Honorary Professor of the Institute of Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin University, Nanjing University, Renmin University, Shantou University, Southeast University, and the School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing; an International Adviser, National Bureau of Statistics, People's Republic of China and a member of the board of directors of the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange, Taipei.He moved back to Hong Kong in 2004 to take up the position of Vice-Chancellor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong.[1]Lau is currently the Ralph and Claire Landau Professor of Economics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong.[2]In 2015, Lau suggested that students who stormed the University of Hong Kong council meeting should be imprisoned.[3]","title":"Academic career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hong Kong protests","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"In 2019, Lau criticised Hong Kong protests. He wrote: \"To find a way forward, one must recognise that the current disturbances reflect deep-rooted, but until now largely latent, anger and discontent among lower-income groups in Hong Kong, especially younger people. The discontent and perceived lack of hope provided the environment for domestic and foreign agitators to succeed.\"[4]","title":"2019–20 Hong Kong protests"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Donald Tsang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tsang"},{"link_name":"renounced his United States citizenship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renunciation_of_United_States_citizenship"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"sovereign wealth fund","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund"},{"link_name":"China Investment Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Investment_Corporation"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"In January 2009, Lau was named a non-official member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong by Chief Executive Donald Tsang. He renounced his United States citizenship to take up the position.[5] Later that year, he became a member of the International Advisory Council of the Chinese sovereign wealth fund China Investment Corporation.[6]","title":"Other activities"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Felts
James Felts
["1 Notes","2 External links"]
American newspaper editor and politician James Hugh Felts (February 1, 1866–January 12, 1932) was an American newspaper editor and politician. Felts was born in Williamson County, Illinois. He went to the Williamson County schools and then lived in Marion, Illinois with his wife. Felts was the editor and publishers of the Marion Evening Post' and the Illinois Baptist newspapers. He was also involved in the banking business. Felts served as a Marion City Commissioner for the finance department and on the Marion Board of Education. Felts was a Democrat. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1915 to 1919 and in the Illinois Senate from 1929 until his death in 1932. Felts died at his home in Marion, Illinois after suffering from a long illness. Notes ^ 'Illinois Blue Book 1931-1932,' Biographical Sketch of James Hugh Felts, pg. 312-313 ^ 'State Senator James H. Felts, Democrat, Dies,' The Edwardsville Intelligencer (Illinois), January 13, 1932, pg. 2 ^ Marion Illinois Historical Preservation-James H. Felts 1866-1932 External links James Felts at Find a Grave This article about an Illinois state senator is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This article about a Member of the Illinois House of Representatives is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Williamson County, Illinois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamson_County,_Illinois"},{"link_name":"Marion, Illinois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion,_Illinois"},{"link_name":"Democrat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Illinois House of Representatives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_House_of_Representatives"},{"link_name":"Illinois Senate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Senate"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"James Hugh Felts (February 1, 1866–January 12, 1932) was an American newspaper editor and politician.Felts was born in Williamson County, Illinois. He went to the Williamson County schools and then lived in Marion, Illinois with his wife. Felts was the editor and publishers of the Marion Evening Post' and the Illinois Baptist newspapers. He was also involved in the banking business. Felts served as a Marion City Commissioner for the finance department and on the Marion Board of Education. Felts was a Democrat. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1915 to 1919 and in the Illinois Senate from 1929 until his death in 1932. Felts died at his home in Marion, Illinois after suffering from a long illness.[1][2][3]","title":"James Felts"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"Marion Illinois Historical Preservation-James H. Felts 1866-1932","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.mihp.org/2013/06/felts-james-h-1866-1932/"}],"text":"^ 'Illinois Blue Book 1931-1932,' Biographical Sketch of James Hugh Felts, pg. 312-313\n\n^ 'State Senator James H. Felts, Democrat, Dies,' The Edwardsville Intelligencer (Illinois), January 13, 1932, pg. 2\n\n^ Marion Illinois Historical Preservation-James H. Felts 1866-1932","title":"Notes"}]
[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Suffield
Walter Suffield
["1 Life","2 Citations","3 References"]
Walter SuffieldBishop of NorwichElectedc. 9 July 1244Term ended19 May 1257PredecessorWilliam de RaleySuccessorSimon WaltonOrdersConsecration26 February 1245Personal detailsDied19 May 1257DenominationRoman Catholic Walter Suffield (died 19 May 1257) was a medieval Bishop of Norwich. Life Suffield was a canonist at Paris before his election to the see of Norwich about 9 July 1244. He was consecrated on 26 February 1245. He was an eloquent preacher, and showed generosity to the poor (during one famine, even selling some of his own goods in order to provide them with food). Suffield's plaque in Bishopgate, Norwich, NR1 1AA In 1249, he founded St. Giles's Hospital in Norwich (which remains in use as the Great Hospital to this day) to provide care for the poor. He died on 19 May 1257, leaving bequests to both the poor and the hospital. Citations ^ British History Online Bishops of Norwich accessed on 29 October 2007 ^ Lewin, "A medieval occupational pension" (2017) ^ Lewin, "A medieval occupational pension" (2017) ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 261 ^ Lewin, "A medieval occupational pension" (2017) References British History Online Bishops of Norwich accessed on 29 October 2007 Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X. Lewin, Chris (22 June 2017). "A medieval occupational pension". The Actuary. Institute & Faculty of Actuaries. Retrieved 6 October 2017. Catholic Church titles Preceded byWilliam de Raley Bishop of Norwich 1244–1257 Succeeded bySimon Walton vteBishops of NorwichBishops of Elmham Bedwinus Northbertus Headulacus Æthelfrith Eanfrith Æthelwulf Alherdus Sybba Hunferthus Humbertus See interrupted Aethelweald Eadwulf Ælfric I Theodred I Theodred II Æthelstan Ælfgar Ælfwine Ælfric II Ælfric III Stigand Grimketel Stigand (again) Æthelmær Herfast see removed to Thetford Bishops of Thetford Herfast William de Beaufeu Herbert de Losinga see removed to Norwich High Medieval Herbert de Losinga Everard of Calne William de Turbeville John of Oxford John de Gray Pandulf Verraccio Thomas Blunville Simon of Elmham William de Raley Walter Suffield Simon Walton Roger Skerning William Middleton Ralph Walpole Late Medieval John Salmon Robert Baldock William Ayermin Thomas Hemenhale Antony Bek William Bateman Thomas Percy Henry le Despenser Alexander Tottington Richard Courtenay John Wakering William Alnwick Thomas Brunce Walter Hart James Goldwell Thomas Jane Early modern Richard Nykke William Rugg Thomas Thirlby John Hopton John Parkhurst Edmund Freke Edmund Scambler William Redman John Jegon John Overall Samuel Harsnett Francis White Richard Corbet Matthew Wren Richard Montagu Joseph Hall Episcopacy abolished (Commonwealth) Edward Reynolds Anthony Sparrow William Lloyd John Moore Charles Trimnell Thomas Green John Leng William Baker Robert Butts Thomas Gooch Samuel Lisle Thomas Hayter Philip Yonge Lewis Bagot George Horne Charles Manners-Sutton Late modern Henry Bathurst Edward Stanley Samuel Hinds John Pelham John Sheepshanks Bertram Pollock Percy Herbert Launcelot Fleming Maurice Wood Peter Nott Graham James Alan Winton (acting) Graham Usher Authority control databases International VIAF WorldCat National Germany People Deutsche Biographie 13th-century Bishop of Norwich This article about an English bishop or archbishop is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bishop of Norwich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Norwich"}],"text":"Walter Suffield (died 19 May 1257) was a medieval Bishop of Norwich.","title":"Walter Suffield"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"canonist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonist"},{"link_name":"see of Norwich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Norwich"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BHONorwich-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Walter_de_Suffield_plaque.jpg"},{"link_name":"Great Hospital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Hospital"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Handbook261-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Suffield was a canonist at Paris before his election to the see of Norwich about 9 July 1244. He was consecrated on 26 February 1245.[1] He was an eloquent preacher, and showed generosity to the poor (during one famine, even selling some of his own goods in order to provide them with food).[2]Suffield's plaque in Bishopgate, Norwich, NR1 1AAIn 1249, he founded St. Giles's Hospital in Norwich (which remains in use as the Great Hospital to this day) to provide care for the poor.[3] He died on 19 May 1257,[4] leaving bequests to both the poor and the hospital.[5]","title":"Life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-BHONorwich_1-0"},{"link_name":"British History Online Bishops of Norwich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=33866"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"Lewin, \"A medieval occupational pension\" (2017)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#refIFoA"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"Lewin, \"A medieval occupational pension\" (2017)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#refIFoA"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Handbook261_4-0"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-5"},{"link_name":"Lewin, \"A medieval occupational pension\" (2017)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#refIFoA"}],"text":"^ British History Online Bishops of Norwich accessed on 29 October 2007\n\n^ Lewin, \"A medieval occupational pension\" (2017)\n\n^ Lewin, \"A medieval occupational pension\" (2017)\n\n^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 261\n\n^ Lewin, \"A medieval occupational pension\" (2017)","title":"Citations"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiangcun
Xinjiangcun
["1 History","2 See also","3 References","4 Notes","5 Further reading"]
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: "Xinjiangcun" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2014) Xinjiangcun (Chinese: 新疆村; pinyin: Xīnjiāngcūn) or Xinjiang Village was an ethnic enclave of Uyghur people in the Ganjiakou and Weigongcun areas in Haidian District, Beijing. The Beijing government demolished the settlement in 1999. It is in proximity to a historical Uyghur enclave in Beijing. History In the mid-1990s the community had over 40 restaurants due to a rise in popularity of ethnic cuisine. The Uyghurs of a higher socioeconomic position opened restaurants. Other Uyghurs sold barbecued mutton from stalls. In 1999 the Beijing municipal government demolished the settlement. The government's explanation was that it would help reform Beijing into a city that would serve as a model and that it would help prevent illegal street vending. In 2001 Nimrod Baranovitch, author of "Inverted Exile: Uyghur Writers and Artists in Beijing and the Political Implications of Their Work," wrote that Uyghur workers in the remaining parts of the Xinjiangcun stated that they did not want to go back to Xinjiang because they feared retaliation for being involved in political activities. Baranovitch wrote that by 2005 a new "Xinjiangcun" opened near the Beijing West railway station. See also Uyghur people in Beijing Zhejiangcun References Baranovitch, Nimrod (University of Haifa). "Inverted Exile: Uyghur Writers and Artists in Beijing and the Political Implications of Their Work." Modern China. SAGE Publications. October 2007 33: 462-504, doi: 10.1177/0097700407304803 Notes ^ Baranovitch, p. 463. ^ Baranovitch, p. 497. "In the 1980s Uyghurs established in Beijing two “Xinjiang villages,” one in Ganjiakou and one in Weigongcun; both were demolished in the late 1990s.In 2005, I was informed that a new Xinjiang village had recently been established in Beijing near the Western Train Station, and that many Uyghurs live today in the Hui Muslim quarter on Niujie (Ox Street)." Further reading Document (Archive (Archive) - "The views expressed in this document are those of its author and should not be regarded as representing the views of COMPAS."
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[]
[{"title":"Uyghur people in Beijing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur_people_in_Beijing"},{"title":"Zhejiangcun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhejiangcun"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_City_Historic_District
Orange City Historic District
["1 Gallery","2 References","3 External links"]
Coordinates: 28°56′56″N 81°17′57″W / 28.94889°N 81.29917°W / 28.94889; -81.29917Historic district in Florida, United States This article lacks inline citations besides NRIS, a database which provides minimal and sometimes ambiguous information. Please help ensure the accuracy of the information in this article by providing inline citations to additional reliable sources. (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) United States historic placeOrange City Historic DistrictU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesU.S. Historic district Albertus Cottage, in the Orange City Historic DistrictLocationOrange City, Florida  United StatesCoordinates28°56′56″N 81°17′57″W / 28.94889°N 81.29917°W / 28.94889; -81.29917Area1,100 acres (4.5 km2)NRHP reference No.04000265Added to NRHPApril 6, 2004 The Orange City Historic District is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on April 6, 2004) located in Orange City, Florida. The district is roughly bounded by Banana, Carpenter, French and Orange Avenues. It contains 211 historic buildings and 3 structures. A notable part of the historic district is the 1876 Heritage Inn. Since 1876, the 1876 Heritage Inn has been known as a remnant of the Orange City Historic District. The historic inn is the oldest operating hotel in Volusia County. The hotel was originally built as a resort hotel and for a long time was the only one in the area. The 1876 Heritage Inn has served as a place for the local townies to celebrate the holiday across the decades and now is still serving its guests who are looking for that antique feel. Gallery First Congregational United Church of Christ, in the district First Congregational United Church of Christ, in the district References ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010. External links Volusia County listings at National Register of Historic Places This article about a property in Volusia County, Florida on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_GLAAD_Media_Awards
20th GLAAD Media Awards
["1 New York City","2 Los Angeles","3 San Francisco","4 See also","5 References"]
The 20th GLAAD Media Awards took place in 2009. They are given out by the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation each year to recognize and honor the mainstream media for their fair, accurate and inclusive representations of the LGBT community and the issues that affect their lives. Events were held at the Marriott Marquis in New York City on March 28, at the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles on April 18, and at the Hilton Towers in San Francisco on May 9, 2009. New York City Awards were handed out in the following categories: Excellence in Media Award - Tyra Banks Vito Russo Award - Suze Orman Special Recognition - Phil Donahue Special Recognition - "The Laramie Project, 10 Years Later: The Lasting Legacy of Matthew Shepard (The Derek and Romaine Show , Sirius XM Radio) Outstanding Newspaper, Overall Coverage - The New York Times Outstanding Documentary - A Jihad for Love Outstanding Magazine, Overall Coverage - Newsweek Outstanding Daily Drama - As the World Turns Outstanding TV Journalism Segment - "Special Comment: Gay Marriage is a Question of Love", Countdown with Keith Olbermann Outstanding Film, Limited Release - (tie) Noah's Arc: Jumping the Broom and Shelter Outstanding Music Artist - k.d. lang, Watershed Outstanding New York Theater, Broadway and Off-Broadway: Wig Out! by Tarell Alvin McCraney Outstanding Spanish Language Magazine, Overall Coverage - People en Español Outstanding Digital Journalism Article - "Gay Athletes Are Making Their Mark", LZ Granderson (ESPN.com) Outstanding Newspaper Columnist / Leonard Pitts Jr., The Miami Herald Los Angeles Vanguard Award - Kathy Griffin Stephen F. Kolzak Award - Bishop Gene Robinson Special Recognition - The L Word Special Recognition - Prop 8: The Musical Outstanding Film, Wide Release - Milk Outstanding Comedy Series - Desperate Housewives Outstanding Individual Episode, Comedy - "Unidentified Funk", The New Adventures of Old Christine Outstanding L.A. Theatre - Secrets of the Trade by Jonathan Tolins Outstanding Episode, Talk Show - "Ellen & Portia's Wedding Day", The Ellen DeGeneres Show Outstanding Spanish Language Journalism - "A juzgar por las apariencias" and "En otro cuerpo", Aquí y Ahora (Univision) Outstanding Drama Series - Brothers & Sisters San Francisco Davidson/Valentini Award - Chad Allen Special Recognition - Lucía Méndez Special Recognition - Geoff Callan and Mike Shaw, Pursuit of Equality Special Recognition - Dustin Lance Black Outstanding Television Movie - East Side Story Outstanding Reality Program - (tie) I Want to Work for Diddy (for including Laverne Cox) and Transamerican Love Story Outstanding TV Journalism, Newsmagazine - "Funding the Marriage War", In the Life See also GLAAD Media Awards References ^ "New York honorees" Archived 2009-05-08 at the Wayback Machine GLAAD.org. Retrieved 5 May 2009. ^ Los Angeles honorees" Archived 2009-05-08 at the Wayback Machine GLAAD.org. Retrieved 5 May 2009. ^ 20th Annual GLAAD Media Awards Recap – Award Recipients, Photos, Video & More ^ "Media Release, February 27, 2009" Archived 2009-05-08 at the Wayback Machine GLAAD.org. Retrieved 5 May 2009. ^ "Media Release, May 9, 2009" Archived 2010-07-13 at the Wayback Machine GLAAD.org. Retrieved 10 May 2009. vteGLAAD Media AwardsCeremonies 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Competitive Awards Outstanding Film – Wide Release Outstanding Film – Limited Release Outstanding Documentary Outstanding Comedy Series Outstanding Drama Series Outstanding Limited or Anthology Series Outstanding Kids and Family Programming Outstanding Reality Program Outstanding Individual Episode Outstanding Comic Book Outstanding Music Artist Outstanding Breakthrough Music Artist Outstanding Video Game Special Awards Davidson/Valentini Award Excellence in Media Award Golden Gate Award Stephen F. Kolzak Award Vanguard Award Vito Russo Award
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Kolzak Award - Bishop Gene Robinson\nSpecial Recognition - The L Word\nSpecial Recognition - Prop 8: The Musical\nOutstanding Film, Wide Release - Milk\nOutstanding Comedy Series - Desperate Housewives\nOutstanding Individual Episode, Comedy - \"Unidentified Funk\", The New Adventures of Old Christine\nOutstanding L.A. Theatre - Secrets of the Trade by Jonathan Tolins\nOutstanding Episode, Talk Show - \"Ellen & Portia's Wedding Day\", The Ellen DeGeneres Show\nOutstanding Spanish Language Journalism - \"A juzgar por las apariencias\" and \"En otro cuerpo\", Aquí y Ahora (Univision)\nOutstanding Drama Series - Brothers & Sisters[2]","title":"Los Angeles"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chad Allen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_Allen_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Lucía Méndez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A9ndez"},{"link_name":"Pursuit of Equality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pursuit_of_Equality"},{"link_name":"Dustin Lance Black","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dustin_Lance_Black"},{"link_name":"East Side Story","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Side_Story_(2006_film)"},{"link_name":"I Want to Work for Diddy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Want_to_Work_for_Diddy"},{"link_name":"Laverne Cox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laverne_Cox"},{"link_name":"Transamerican Love Story","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transamerican_Love_Story"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"In the Life","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_the_Life"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Davidson/Valentini Award - Chad Allen\nSpecial Recognition - Lucía Méndez\nSpecial Recognition - Geoff Callan and Mike Shaw, Pursuit of Equality\nSpecial Recognition - Dustin Lance Black\nOutstanding Television Movie - East Side Story\nOutstanding Reality Program - (tie) I Want to Work for Diddy (for including Laverne Cox) and Transamerican Love Story[3]\nOutstanding TV Journalism, Newsmagazine - \"Funding the Marriage War\", In the Life[4][5]","title":"San Francisco"}]
[]
[{"title":"GLAAD Media Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLAAD_Media_Awards"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Coupe_Internationale_de_Nice
Trophée Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur
["1 Senior results","1.1 Men's singles","1.2 Women's singles","1.3 Pairs","1.4 Ice dance","2 Junior results","2.1 Men's singles","2.2 Women's singles","2.3 Pairs","2.4 Ice dance","3 References","4 External links"]
Annual figure skating competition The Trophée Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur is an annual international figure skating competition which is generally held in October or November in Nice, France. Originally called the International Cup of Nice (French: Coupe Internationale de Nice), it was continuously held from 1995 to 2017 (except for 2005), and then returned in 2021 as the Trophée Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior, junior, and novice levels. The International Skating Union announced that the 2024 Trophée Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur would be part of the Challenger Series. Senior results Men's singles Year Gold Silver Bronze Ref. 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 David Jäschke Grégory Reverdiau Andrei Griazev 2001 2002 Konstantin Menshov Baptiste Porquet Grégory Reverdiau 2003 Damien Djordjevic Samuel Contesti 2004 Andrei Griazev Samuel Contesti Stanick Jeannette 2006 Andrei Lutai Przemysław Domański Adrian Schultheiss 2007 Yannick Ponsero Konstantin Menshov Jérémie Colot 2008 Alban Préaubert Igor Macypura 2009 Artur Gachinski Javier Fernández 2010 Konstantin Menshov Alban Préaubert 2011 Keegan Messing Chafik Besseghier Konstantin Menshov 2012 Max Aaron Peter Liebers 2013 Tomáš Verner Konstantin Menshov Zhan Bush 2014 Alexander Petrov Artur Dmitriev Jr. Keiji Tanaka 2015 Chafik Besseghier Alexander Majorov Dmitri Aliev 2016 Anton Shulepov Makar Ignatov 2017 Yan Han Jorik Hendrickx Peter Liebers 2021 Luc Economides Romain Ponsart Davide Lewton Brain 2022 Adam Siao Him Fa Luc Economides 2023 François Pitot Corentin Spinar Women's singles Year Gold Silver Bronze Ref. 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Veronika Diewald Tatiana Basova Angela Diewald 2001 2002 Tatiana Basova Anna Jurkiewicz Veronika Diewald 2003 Angelina Turenko Vanessa Gusmeroli Martina Sasanelli 2004 Anne-Sophie Calvez Fleur Maxwell Alima Gershkovich 2006 Viktória Pavuk Henrikka Hietaniemi Viktoria Helgesson 2007 Anna Jurkiewicz Vanessa James 2008 Constanze Paulinus Alena Leonova Stefania Berton 2009 Ksenia Makarova Valentina Marchei Haruka Imai 2010 Alena Leonova Maé Bérénice Méité 2011 Polina Agafonova Natalia Popova Anna Ovcharova 2012 Polina Korobeynikova Isabelle Olsson Kristina Zaseeva 2013 Maria Artemieva Kiri Baga Nathalie Weinzierl 2014 Elizaveta Tuktamysheva Miyabi Oba Isabelle Olsson 2015 Alena Leonova Laurine Lecavelier 2016 Maé-Bérénice Méité Loena Hendrickx 2017 Alisa Fedichkina Li Xiangning Anna Khnychenkova 2021 Léa Serna Eliška Březinová Julia Sauter 2022 Jade Hovine Maïa Mazzara 2023 Emmi Peltonen Mariia Seniuk Alexandra Feigin Pairs Year Gold Silver Bronze Ref. 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Julia Karbovskaya / Sergei Slavnov Dominika Piątkowska / Marcin Świątek No other competitors 2003 Tatiana Kokoreva / Egor Golovkin Natalia Shestakova / Pavel Lebedev Sabrina Lefrançois / Jérôme Blanchard 2004 Maria Mukhortova / Maxim Trankov Aliona Savchenko / Robin Szolkowy Valeria Simakova / Anton Tokarev 2006 Yuko Kawaguchi / Alexander Smirnov Mélodie Chataigner / Medhi Bouzzine Laura Magitteri / Ondřej Hotárek 2007 Adeline Canac / Maximin Coia Mari Vartmann / Florian Just 2008 Chloé Katz / Joseph Lynch Adeline Canac / Maximin Coia 2009 Adeline Canac / Maximin Coia Ksenia Ozerova / Alexander Enbert Ekaterina Kostenko / Roman Talan 2010 Katarina Gerboldt / Alexander Enbert Nicole Della Monica / Yannick Kocon Tatiana Novik / Mikhail Kuznetsov 2011 Stefania Berton / Ondřej Hotárek Katarina Gerboldt / Alexander Enbert Mary Beth Marley / Rockne Brubaker 2012 Alexa Scimeca / Christopher Knierim Ksenia Stolbova / Fedor Klimov Nicole Della Monica / Matteo Guarise 2013 Annabelle Prölß / Ruben Blommaert Jessica Calalang / Zack Sidhu Maylin Wende / Daniel Wende 2014 Nicole Della Monica / Matteo Guarise Vera Bazarova / Andrei Deputat Mari Vartmann / Aaron Van Cleave 2015 Mari Vartmann / Ruben Blommaert Miriam Ziegler / Severin Kiefer Camille Mendoza / Pavel Kovalev 2016 Anna Dušková / Martin Bidař Rebecca Ghilardi / Filippo Ambrosini 2017 Yu Xiaoyu / Zhang Hao Annika Hocke / Ruben Blommaert Kim Kyu-eun / Alex Kam 2021 Laura Barquero / Marco Zandron Sara Conti / Niccolò Macii Dorota Broda / Pedro Betegón Martín 2022 Irma Caldara / Riccardo Maglio Isabella Gamez / Alexander Korovin Oxana Vouillamoz / Flavien Giniaux 2023 Oxana Vouillamoz / Flavien Giniaux Oceane Piegad / Denys Strekalin Sophia Schaller / Livio Mayr Ice dance Year Gold Silver Bronze Ref. 2009 Chloé Ibanez / Marien de la Asuncion Henna Lindholm / Ossi Kanervo No other competitors 2010 Pernelle Carron / Lloyd Jones Lorenza Alessandrini / Simone Vaturi Penny Coomes / Nicholas Buckland 2011 Valeria Starygina / Ivan Volobuiev Pernelle Carron / Lloyd Jones Sara Hurtado / Adrián Díaz 2012 Ksenia Monko / Kirill Khaliavin Valeria Starygina / Ivan Volobuiev Irina Shtork / Taavi Rand 2013 Gabriella Papadakis / Guillaume Cizeron Lorenza Alessandrini / Simone Vaturi Ksenia Monko / Kirill Khaliavin 2014 Penny Coomes / Nicholas Buckland Olivia Smart / Joseph Buckland Lolita Yermak / Alexei Shumski 2015 Cecilia Törn / Jussiville Partanen Lorenza Alessandrini / Pierre Souquet Carolane Soucisse / Simon Tanguay 2016 Marie-Jade Lauriault / Romain Le Gac Katharina Müller / Tim Dieck Oleksandra Nazarova / Maxim Nikitin 2017 Penny Coomes / Nicholas Buckland Wang Shiyue / Liu Xinyu Marie-Jade Lauriault / Romain Le Gac 2021 Juulia Turkkila / Matthias Versluis Evgeniia Lopareva / Geoffrey Brissaud Loïcia Demougeot / Théo le Mercier 2022 Marie Dupayage / Thomas Nabais Natacha Lagouge / Arnaud Caffa 2023 Sofia Val / Asaf Kazimov Paulina Ramanauskaitė / Deividas Kizala Zizi Xiao / Linghao He Junior results Men's singles Year Gold Silver Bronze Ref. 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Alexei Vasilevski Yannick Ponsero Yoann Deslot 2001 2002 Andrei Lutai Gilles Cabaret Cyril Volland 2003 Yannick Ponsero Andrei Lutai Jeremy Colot 2004 Jeremy Colot Yannick Kocon 2006 Nikita Mikhailov Christopher Boyadji Marco Fabbri 2007 Artur Gachinski Nikita Mikhailov Mikael Redin 2008 Mark Vaillant Javier Raya Chafik Besseguier 2009 Jorik Hendrickx Artur Dmitriev Jr Paul Emmanuel Richardeau 2010 Vladislav Tarasenko Simon Hocquaux Quentin Lourenço 2011 Stanislav Pertsov Charles Tetar 2012 Alexander Petrov Artem Lezheev Simon Hocquaux 2013 Deniss Vasiljevs Ivan Pavlov Andrei Zuber 2014 Andrei Lazukin Dmitri Shutkov Kévin Aymoz 2015 Petr Gumennik Egor Murashov Petr Kotlařík 2016 Egor Murashov Adam Siao Him Fa Gabriel Folkesson 2017 Matyáš Bělohradský Landry Le May Başar Oktar 2021 François Pitot Corentin Spinar Emanuele Indelicato 2022 Ilia Gogitidze Ali Efe Gunes 2023 Matteo Nalbone Gianni Motilla Women's singles Year Gold Silver Bronze Ref. 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Sophie Boyer Ekaterina Vasilieva Carole Azario 2001 2002 Jessica Dubé Valeria Vorobieva Katarina Gerboldt 2003 Daria Krivenko Valeria Leoni Christianna Di Natale 2004 Ksenia Doronina Mutsumi Takayama Josephine Ringdahl 2006 Alena Leonova Nicole Della Monica Joshi Helgesson 2007 Miriam Ziegler Noémie Silberer 2008 Sandra Sitbon Malin Taljegard Maria Artemieva 2009 Karen Kemanai Maria Artemieva Ira Vannut 2010 Elizaveta Tuktamysheva Lénaëlle Gilleron-Gorry Nikol Gosviani 2011 Maria Stavitskaia Anais Ventard Arina Petrova 2012 Laurine Lecavelier Jenni Saarinen 2013 Natalia Ogoreltseva Svetlana Lebedeva Anna Dušková 2014 Elizabet Tursynbayeva Marina Popov Danielle Harrison 2015 Alisa Fedichkina Dahyun Ko Kim Cheremsky 2016 Yi Christy Leung Julie Froetscher 2017 Anastasiia Gubanova Mariia Talalaikina Alessia Tornaghi 2021 Kimmy Repond Livia Kaiser Noelle Streuli 2022 Elena Agostinelli Noelle Streuli Anna Bergstrom 2023 Iida Karhunen Olivia Bacsa Leandra Tzimpoukakis Pairs Year Gold Silver Bronze Ref. 2021 Oxana Vouillamoz / Flavien Giniaux No other competitors 2022 Louise Ehrhard / Matthis Pellegris Janne Salatzki / Lukas Roseler Ines Moudden / Alejandro Lazaro Garcia Melgares 2023 Irina Napolitano / Edoardo Comi Romane Telemaque / Lucas Coulon Beau Callahan / Cristophe Roch Ice dance Year Gold Silver Bronze Ref. 2021 Kateřina Mrázková / Daniel Mrázek Eva Bernard / Tom Jochum Noemie Tali / Stefano Frasca 2022 Célina Fradji / Jean-Hans Fourneaux Louise Bordet / Thomas Gipoulou Giorgia Galimberti / Matteo-Libasse Mandelli 2023 Ambre Perrier Gianesini / Samuel Blanc Klaperman Dania Mouaden / Theo Bigot Ashlie Slatter / Atl Ongay-Perez References ^ "22nd International Cup of Nice". ^ "1st TROPHY MÉTROPOLE NICE CÔTE D'AZUR". ^ "Communication No. 2619". International Skating Union. Retrieved March 19, 2024. ^ a b c d e "Final results: 2003 International Cup of Nice". Archived from the original on 2008-12-12. ^ a b c d e "Result details: 2006 International Cup of Nice". ^ a b c d e "Result details: 2007 International Cup of Nice". Archived from the original on 2010-02-12. ^ a b c d e "Final results: 2007 International Cup of Nice". International Skating Union. ^ a b c d e "Result details: 2008 International Cup of Nice". Archived from the original on 2009-12-10. ^ a b c d e f "Result details: 2009 International Cup of Nice". Archived from the original on 2009-10-25. ^ a b c d e f "Result details: 2010 International Cup of Nice". Archived from the original on 2012-04-22. Retrieved 2012-11-28. ^ a b c d e f "Result details: 2011 International Cup of Nice". Archived from the original on 2012-04-03. ^ a b c d e f "Result details: 2012 International Cup of Nice". Archived from the original on 2012-10-25. Retrieved 2012-11-28. ^ a b c d e f "2013 International Cup of Nice". Nice Baie des Anges Association. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2013-10-17. ^ a b c d e f "2014 International Cup of Nice". Nice Baie des Anges Association. ^ a b c d e f "2015 International Cup of Nice". Nice Baie des Anges Association. ^ a b c d e f "2016 International Cup of Nice". Nice Baie des Anges Association. Archived from the original on 2017-03-22. Retrieved 2016-10-18. ^ a b c d e f "2017 International Cup of Nice". Nice Baie des Anges Association. ^ a b c d e f g h "First Trophée Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur". Nice Baie des Anges Association. ^ a b c d e f g h "2nd Trophée Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur". Nice Baie des Anges Association. ^ a b c d e f g h "Trophy Metropole Nice Cote d'Azur of Figure Skating 2023". Fédération Française des Sports de Glace. 22 October 2023. External links Official site (in French) 2004 results (in Russian)
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[]
null
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Retrieved 2012-11-28.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120422191355/http://www.nice-baie-des-anges.fr/images/stories/docs-coupe/resultats2010/html/index.htm","url_text":"\"Result details: 2010 International Cup of Nice\""},{"url":"http://www.nice-baie-des-anges.fr/images/stories/docs-coupe/resultats2010/html/index.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Result details: 2011 International Cup of Nice\". Archived from the original on 2012-04-03.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120403174459/http://nice-figure-skating-cup.com/images/stories/docs-coupe/resultats2011/html/","url_text":"\"Result details: 2011 International Cup of Nice\""},{"url":"http://nice-figure-skating-cup.com/images/stories/docs-coupe/resultats2011/html/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Result details: 2012 International Cup of Nice\". Archived from the original on 2012-10-25. Retrieved 2012-11-28.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121025022443/http://nice-baie-des-anges.fr/images/stories/docs-coupe/resultats2012/html/index.htm","url_text":"\"Result details: 2012 International Cup of Nice\""},{"url":"http://nice-baie-des-anges.fr/images/stories/docs-coupe/resultats2012/html/index.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"2013 International Cup of Nice\". Nice Baie des Anges Association. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2013-10-17.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131017072133/http://nice-baie-des-anges.fr/images/stories/docs-coupe/resultats2013/index.htm","url_text":"\"2013 International Cup of Nice\""},{"url":"http://nice-baie-des-anges.fr/images/stories/docs-coupe/resultats2013/index.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"2014 International Cup of Nice\". Nice Baie des Anges Association.","urls":[{"url":"http://nice-baie-des-anges.fr/images/stories/docs-coupe/resultats2014/html/","url_text":"\"2014 International Cup of Nice\""}]},{"reference":"\"2015 International Cup of Nice\". Nice Baie des Anges Association.","urls":[{"url":"http://nice-baie-des-anges.fr/images/stories/docs-coupe/resultats2015//","url_text":"\"2015 International Cup of Nice\""}]},{"reference":"\"2016 International Cup of Nice\". Nice Baie des Anges Association. Archived from the original on 2017-03-22. Retrieved 2016-10-18.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170322205556/http://nice-baie-des-anges.fr/images/stories/docs-coupe/resultats2016/","url_text":"\"2016 International Cup of Nice\""},{"url":"http://nice-baie-des-anges.fr/images/stories/docs-coupe/resultats2016/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"2017 International Cup of Nice\". Nice Baie des Anges Association.","urls":[{"url":"http://nice-baie-des-anges.fr/images/stories/docs-coupe/resultats2017/index.htm","url_text":"\"2017 International Cup of Nice\""}]},{"reference":"\"First Trophée Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur\". Nice Baie des Anges Association.","urls":[{"url":"http://tmnca.nice-baie-des-anges.fr/TMNCA2021/","url_text":"\"First Trophée Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur\""}]},{"reference":"\"2nd Trophée Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur\". Nice Baie des Anges Association.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ffsg.org/resultats/2022-2023/TMNCA2022/index.htm","url_text":"\"2nd Trophée Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur\""}]},{"reference":"\"Trophy Metropole Nice Cote d'Azur of Figure Skating 2023\". Fédération Française des Sports de Glace. 22 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ffsg.org/resultats/2023-2024/TMNCA2023/index.htm","url_text":"\"Trophy Metropole Nice Cote d'Azur of Figure Skating 2023\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Jones_(Silvertown_MP)
Jack Jones (Silvertown MP)
["1 References","2 External links"]
John Joseph Jones (8 December 1873 – 21 November 1941), was a Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP). Born in Nenagh, Co Tipperary, Jones moved to London where he worked as a builders' labourer. He joined the Social Democratic Federation (SDF) and was elected to West Ham Council in 1904. In the 1906 general election, Jones unsuccessfully stood for Camborne. In 1911, he became a trade union organiser, for the National Union of General Workers. In the 1914 Poplar by-election, Jones stood unsuccessfully for the British Socialist Party (BSP) - the successor of the SDF. As a supporter of World War I, he joined the National Socialist Party split from the BSP, which soon affiliated to the Labour Party. In the Coupon election, he stood against an official Labour candidate in Silvertown - the official candidate being an anti-war supporter of the Independent Labour Party. He became one of several National Socialist Party candidates elected, but the only one who stood for the party, rather than for the Labour Party. Despite this, he took the Labour Party whip in 1919. Jones was described by Time Magazine as "the wittiest man in the House of Commons". He held his seat in each election until he resigned in February 1940. He died the following year. He was a keen football and cricket fan, and his autobiography was entitled My Lively Life. References ^ a b c d e Michael Stenton and Stephen Lees, Who's Who of British MPs: Volume III ^ Who's Who 1938 External links Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by John Joseph Jones Parliament of the United Kingdom New creation Member of Parliament for Silvertown 1918–1940 Succeeded byJames Hollins Trade union offices Preceded byMargaret Bondfield and Samuel Finney Trades Union Congress representative to the American Federation of Labour 1920 With: J. W. Ogden Succeeded byJ. H. Thomas and James Walker Civic offices Preceded byWalter Godbold Mayor of West Ham 1923–1924 Succeeded byBenjamin Gardner Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Germany
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[]
null
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travian
Travian
["1 Gameplay","1.1 Starting a game","1.2 Tribes","1.3 Resources","1.4 Buildings","1.5 Villages","1.6 Troops","1.7 Items","1.8 Alliances","1.9 End game","2 Development","3 Financing","4 Reception","4.1 Censorship","5 References","6 Further reading","7 External links"]
Browser game For other uses, see Travian (disambiguation). Travian: LegendsOriginal author(s)Gerhard MüllerDeveloper(s)Travian GamesInitial release5 September 2004 (2004-09-05)Stable release4.6 / 15 March 2021; 3 years ago (2021-03-15) Written inPHPPlatformWeb browserAvailable in41 languagesTypeReal-time military strategyCity-buildingLicenceFreemiumWebsitewww.travian.com Travian: Legends is a persistent, browser-based, massively multiplayer, online real-time strategy game developed by the German software company Travian Games. It was originally written and released in June 2004 as "Travian" by Gerhard Müller. Set in classical antiquity, Travian: Legends is a predominantly militaristic real-time strategy game. Travian has been translated into over 40 languages from the original German version, and at one time boasted over 5 million players on over 300 game servers worldwide. In 2006, it won the Superbrowsergame Award, in the large games category. Travian: Legends is programmed in PHP and runs in most modern browsers. Its creators may have drawn from an earlier German board game, The Settlers of Catan, for layout and the resource development theme. Gameplay Travian: Legends is set in classical antiquity. Each player starts the game as the leader of a small, undeveloped village, surrounded by undeveloped resource fields. Developing these fields increases their resource output. The village can be developed by constructing new buildings and upgrading existing ones. Recruiting military units allows players to attack other villages to plunder resources, and defend from enemy attacks. Villages may trade their resources with other villages if both villages have a marketplace. The player may expand their realm by founding new villages, or by conquering other players' villages. Players can communicate with each other using in-game messages, and may join alliances for military and economic co-operation with other players. Starting a game Players must register on the Travian website to join a game, providing an e-mail address, and creating a username and a password. The player must also choose a tribe to play the game with, and select a World, that represents a game server, to play in. Entities in one World can only interact with other entities in the same World. Events that take place in one World do not affect other Worlds. Players may operate accounts in multiple Worlds, but operating more than one account in the same World is prohibited by the rules. However, multiple players may operate a single account. Worlds close registrations for new players after a certain number of players have signed up. After logging in, the player can follow a tutorial that guides them through various aspects of the game and offers rewards for successful completion. At the start of the game, there is a "beginner's protection" period, in which the player cannot be attacked, the length of which depends on the server. Tribes There are 3 playable tribes (the Romans, the Gauls, and the Teutons) and two non-playable tribes (Natars and Nature) on classic Travian: Legend servers. Travian: Fire and Sand introduced two more playable tribes (Huns and Egyptians) which are later incorporated into all international servers. The player selects one of these tribes during registration. Each tribe has different specialities. Romans can upgrade buildings and resource fields simultaneously, have powerful troops which are expensive to train, and have low-capacity merchants. Gauls have fast-moving troops with good defensive capabilities, and fast merchants. Teutons are geared towards an aggressive style of play, and offer weak but cheap troops, as well as slow but high-capacity merchants. Once a tribe is chosen it cannot be changed, and all villages founded or conquered by the player will be of that tribe. The two NPC tribes are the Natars and Nature. Natarian villages randomly spawn all over the map, and will gradually develop. Villages of players who have deleted their accounts will also have a chance of turning into Natarian villages. These villages can be attacked and conquered by players. Natars also occupy the central area of the map, and will attack players' villages in that area. Natarian villages may hold ancient artefacts which give bonuses to those who possess them. Nature is the tribe to which animals occupying abandoned oases on the map belong. Unlike the other four tribes, Natural troops cannot attack other villages but may be attacked. It is possible to capture animals from oases and use them as defensive units. Resources Map view resource travian Developing villages and training units consumes resources. Resources are produced by the resource fields that surround each settlement; their output can be increased by upgrading the fields and by capturing nearby oases. There are four kinds of resources in Travian: wood, clay, iron and crop. Each resource is required to develop a village, with clay being the most demanded used resource for construction. Additionally, consumption of resources will vary based on the player's tribe: Roman troops require iron for their armour, Teutonic troops require wood, and Gallic troops require clay. Military units and the village population consume crop, so the net crop production is lowered whenever the population grows or a new military unit joins the village. Troops can raid other villages to plunder resources. Resources can also be transferred to other villages unilaterally if the source village has a marketplace. Bilateral trade can take place when both villages have a marketplace, and one village accepts a trading deal offered by another. Buildings Buildings can be built and upgraded in the 22 building slots in the village centre. They cost time and resources to construct, and attract more people to settle in the village, increasing the population. Buildings may have a prerequisite that one or more of the other buildings must be at a certain level. Each type of building has a different use. New villages start with the main building, which decreases the construction time of new extensions to the buildings and resource fields in the village. Warehouses and granaries allow the village to store more resources. Military units are trained at the barracks, stable, workshop, residence and palace, while military research is conducted at the academy and the armoury. There are also buildings that enhance the resource production in the village. A treasure chamber allows the village to hold an artefact, and shows the list of the locations of all the artefacts in the game. Villages A developed village. Each player starts the game with a single undeveloped village, designated as the capital. A village consists of the village centre, and 18 resource fields that surround the village centre. Up to 22 buildings can be constructed in the village centre. Of these, two are special-purpose building spaces, for the walls and the rally point. In an undeveloped village, the resource fields are at level 0, and there is only a single building, known as the main building. Players can found or conquer additional villages to expand their realm, increase total resource production and help support larger armies. There are prerequisites for founding or conquering additional villages. The player must have accumulated enough culture points, which are passively produced by most buildings, and actively produced by hosting parties in the town hall. The number of culture points required depends on the total number of villages the player already controls. The player must also have a palace or the residence building in a village he or she controls to be at a particular level. The level requirement depends on the number of villages founded or conquered by troops from that particular village. Once these criteria are met, the player may train three settlers to go and found a new village at a chosen vacant area on the map. Settlers must be given 750 of each resource before they start their journey. When the settlers reach their destination, they will found an undeveloped village which will be under the player's control. Instead of founding a new village, a player may choose to conquer another village. The player may train an administrator (a Roman senator, a Teutonic chief or a Gallic chieftain) instead of three settlers. Unlike settlers, these units must be researched in the academy before they can be trained. Administrators can be sent to another village, usually accompanied by other troops, where they will speak to the village's populace and reduce their loyalty to the defender. If the loyalty drops to zero, the village will join the attacker's realm. The defender will lose control of the village, and all troops originating from the village will cease to exist. A capital can not be conquered. Villages are destroyed if its population drops to zero as a result of a siege. However, a village cannot be destroyed if it is a player's last village, so a player will always have at least one village. Troops Troops are military units that allow the player to attack and defend villages. They can carry resources, so they can be used to raid other villages. There are mainly three classifications of troop: tribe, mobility and function. There are fifty different types of troop in Travian, ten for each tribe. Troops are either infantry or cavalry. Most troop types are regular units, but each tribe has troop types to represent scouts, two types of siege engine, administrators and settlers. Each troop type has attributes which determine its training cost, upkeep, offensive capability, defensive capability against infantry and cavalry, speed and resource carrying capacity. Infantry is trained in the barracks, and cavalry is trained in the stable. Scouts are espionage units that can be used to spy on enemy villages, or defend from espionage attacks. Siege engines, which are built in the workshop, allow players to destroy enemy buildings and defensive structures. Administrators and settlers are units that have the ability to conquer or found new villages, respectively. They are trained in the residence or the palace. At first, players may only recruit the most basic troop type of their tribe. To train more advanced troops, the player must research them in the academy in the village where they are to be trained. Troops may also require military buildings to be upgraded to a certain level before they may be researched. Troops' offensive and defensive attributes may be improved by constructing an armoury to enhance their weapons and armour. Upgrading the barracks, stable and workshop allow faster training of troops. There are also buildings known as the great barracks and the great stable, which allow simultaneous training of the same troop type but at three times the cost. Roman villages can build a horse drinking trough to speed up training of cavalry and reduce their upkeep. Teutons can build a brewery which improves the offensive attributes of troops from that village. There is also a special unit known as a hero, which can gain experience from battle. Heroes can equip items, embark on adventures, capture oases and produce resources. They can also accompany an army. Depending on their attributes, a hero may give an offensive or defensive bonus to the army that it accompanies. Items There are two types of items in the game; the first are artefacts, which gives bonuses to the holder, depending on the type of artefact; the second are equipment and consumables for the hero. Artefacts are items which are introduced mid-game, and give significant bonuses to those who possess them. Upon release, they are placed in heavily defended Natarian villages, and can be acquired either by conquering the village, or by destroying the treasury in the target village and sending an army accompanied by the hero to capture the artefacts. All players with a treasury can see the locations of the artefacts. Based on the bonus strength and area of effect, artefacts are split into four categories: village-wide artefacts provide the bonus to the village that the artefacts are currently in; realm-level artefacts generally have a weaker bonus, but affect all the villages in the player's realm; unique artefacts also affect all the villages in the realm, but they provide bonuses that are at least as strong as that of village-wide artefacts; the fourth type of artefact provides alliance-wide effects, which are only used for the construction plans for the Wonders of the World that are released near the end of the game. Different artefacts provide bonuses to different attributes. There are nine types of artefacts; the bonuses of the first six are stronger buildings, faster troops, better spies, less hungry troops, faster troop training, and improved cranny capacity with less precision for enemy catapults. The bonus and its strength provided by the seventh type are randomised, and switch between the first six every 24 hours. The effect can also be positive or negative. The eighth artefact provides the player with the construction plans for the great warehouse and granary. The ninth provides the plans for the Wonders of the World. Equipment and consumable items affect the hero and the army that he or she accompanies. Equipment consists of armour and weapons for the hero, mounts, and special items that increase the speed or carrying capacity of the troops. Consumable items include those that regenerate the hero's health, provide experience points, reduce battle losses, increase culture points, reset the hero's attributes, and provide the means to capture animals from oases. Items are obtained during a hero's adventures, and can be traded on the silver market. Alliances Travian players can create and join alliances whose members support each other economically and militarily. Once in an alliance, the player can make, view and accept alliance-only resource trading offers in their village marketplaces. There are also features such as shared combat reports to support military cooperation between members. Each alliance member can view combat reports from every other member of the alliance, and there is a forum and a web chat feature for talking to other members. Alliance leaders can delegate powers to other members of the alliance, including the ability to send mass alliance-wide in-game messages, invite new players into the alliance, remove existing members of the alliance and change the alliance name and description. The maximum number of members in an alliance is 60, so when an alliance wants to expand further, it splits into multiple wings. Members in one wing cannot view the combat reports of members in another wing, benefit from alliance-only resource trading, or use the web chat to talk to each other, since the game considers the wings to be separate alliances. Travian also supports inter-alliance diplomacy. Two or more alliances may form a non-aggression pact or a military alliance pact. This is supported by features that prevent certain forms of aggression between members of the alliances in question. There is also a diplomatic feature to allow alliances to recognise a state of war. Towards the end of a game, different alliances often join together, resulting in large coalitions that fight each other to try to complete the victory conditions. There is a ranking system which determines the rank of each alliance from attacking, defending, raiding and growth. Alliances earn medals for their profile page by ranking in the top 10 for a category. The medal will contain information about the category, the rank and when it was earned. End game Each round of Travian concludes with the end game sequence. For normal game rounds the sequence begins after about 200 days. After this time has elapsed, the plans for the construction of the Wonders of the World are released into Natarian villages. Coalitions of alliances work together to capture plans and construct a Wonder before rival coalitions. With every five levels that the Wonder is upgraded, the Natars attack the villages containing the Wonders until level 95, when they will then attack upon the completion of every new level. In addition to this, enemy coalitions also send attacks against the villages, sometimes timed to coincide with the Natarian attacks. The first player to build their World Wonder to level 100 is declared to be the winner of the round. The players with the most populous realm and the most successful attacking and defending streaks are also mentioned in the declaration. After the winner is declared, the game stops and players can no longer build, trade or engage in combat. After a period of time, the next round begins, and the game starts afresh. Development Oliver Eger, illustrator Travian was developed and published in June 2004 as a PHP hobby project by Gerhard Müller, then a student of chemistry at the Technical University of Munich. The second version was released on 12 March 2005, with new buildings and changes to the game mechanics and graphics. Critical Gamers compared the game to The Settlers of Catan and Solar Realms Elite. As a result of the unexpected success of the game, Gerhard Müller and his brother Siegfried Müller founded Travian Games as a non-trading partnership in July 2005, which was changed into a limited liability company later in the year. The operations and the rights of Travian were transferred to the company at the beginning of 2006. In 2006, Travian Games began offering access to a mobile phone-optimised interface to the game through a subscription-based Java ME midlet. The application was developed by Markus Rieger of GameCreator. However, this application is no longer developed or supported. Version 3 was released on 30 June 2006, and featured oases which could be annexed, and would supplement the player's hourly resource production, as opposed to the oases in version 2, which were only present for visual appeal. Version 3 also introduced 'heroes', military units which gain experience in battles. There were also major changes to game mechanics and graphics. Update 3.1 introduced quests that players could complete to receive rewards in the form of resource or game gold. An edition of Travian where events take place three times faster, known as Travian Speed3x, was also released. Later Speed editions with different speed multipliers were released. On March 16, 2007, an announcement was made about the release of Travian Classic, dubbed "Travian 2.5", which was based on version 3 but had certain features disabled in order to make it similar to version 2. Update 3.5 was first implemented on the original .org server (German) in early February 2009, and was implemented on other servers with the game restarting in mid-2009. It reintroduced artifacts—items which give the players bonuses once captured. On 22 October 2009, it was followed by update 3.6, which made several Plus! account-only features available to non-paying users, along with newly added features. In July 2010, an announcement was made saying that developers were working on a Version 4, which was released in February 2011. Financing Travian was initially financed through players upgrading accounts with Travian Plus and web banners. Later, an option for purchasing 'Gold' replaced the one for buying 'Plus' on most servers. The introduction of 'Gold' allowed players to directly influence the game mechanics: for instance, by increasing resource production, instant completion of building and researches. At one point gold could purchase attack and defense bonuses of 10%, but this has been revoked in later servers. Accounts upgraded with Plus allowed building queues, larger maps and other functional abilities. These effects can be replicated with user scripts, but implementing these can result in a banning of the offending account as they are against the general terms and conditions of Travian. The Gold club, available since version 3.6, features attack lists and valley searches. Travian has also included a "Travian Shop" which includes Travian-related items like clothing and mugs. Reception Travian was ranked at second place in the medium games category of Gamesdynamite's Superbrowsergame Award in 2005, and was chosen as the Most Innovative Browser Game of 2005 by Coole Browsergames. In 2006, Travian won the Superbrowsergame Award, in the large games category, and was chosen as the Browser Game of the Year 2006 by Coole Browsergames. Christian Donlan, game reviewer, described Travian's version 2 interface as "ugly", with a "primitive cartoon style" and a bad colour scheme. He characterised the game as "functional rather than beautiful", with an interface that is "uncluttered". Travian was chosen as the Browser Game of the Year 2011 in the classic games category by GforGaming's jury. Censorship It was blocked in Iran with the reason of "being non-islamic" according to Iranian government, despite having a license from Ministry of Islamic Culture and Guidance. References ^ a b c d e f g "Travian - Traviangames GmbH". Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2011-09-11. Retrieved 2008-12-12. ^ "Travian - the online multiplayer strategy game". Travian Games. Retrieved 2013-06-05. ^ "Cry's Travian Tools". Travian Team. Archived from the original on 2007-02-08. ^ a b c "CDTM GROW - Die Start-Up Messe: Travian Games GmbH" (in German). Center for Digital Technology and Management. Archived from the original on 2009-06-05. Retrieved 2008-12-22. ^ Müller, Siegfried (2006-05-15). "Travian Games" (PDF) (in German). Center for Digital Technology and Management. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2009-08-27. ^ a b "\travian\faq". Travian FAQ. Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2008-05-03. Retrieved 2008-12-12. ^ a b "Special: Die Wahl zum Superbrowsergame 2006 hat gewonnen..." (in German). Gamesdynamite. 2006-10-04. Archived from the original on 2007-05-11. Retrieved 2008-12-12. ^ a b "Travian - A Slick Little Massive Web Game". Blogpire Productions. 2007-12-05. Archived from the original on 2007-12-14. Retrieved 2013-06-05. ^ "Travian Rules Archived 2020-12-27 at the Wayback Machine" ^ Tschena (2009-07-31). "Rules of the Game". Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2013-10-08. Retrieved 2014-03-14. ^ "What is a dual? How do I add one?". Travian Answers. Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2014-03-14. Retrieved 2014-03-14. ^ Richardson, Ben (2008-02-26). "Urban Dead: The massively multiplayer zombie text adventure". GamesRadar. Archived from the original on 2013-06-11. Retrieved 2013-06-11. ^ "Travian Answers :: Artefact effects". Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2013-05-10. ^ "Travian Answers :: Items". Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2012-03-06. Retrieved 2013-05-10. ^ "Firmengeschichte der Travian Games GmbH" (in German). Travian Games. 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-07-03. Retrieved 2013-05-10. ^ "Home: About us". Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2013-01-15. Retrieved 2013-05-10. ^ Lober, Andreas (2006-04-27). "Travian goes mobile" (in German). Heinz Heise. Archived from the original on 2008-01-15. Retrieved 2013-06-11. ^ Mai, Florian (2006). "Travian Mobil - das Interview" (in German). Play2Go. Archived from the original on 2008-01-18. Retrieved 2013-06-11. ^ Fridolin (2007-03-16). "Welt3 mit Travian Classic" (in German). Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2007-03-28. Retrieved 2009-01-13. ^ "Statistiken - Travian.org" (in German). Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2020-12-27. Retrieved 2009-02-12. ^ Bellana (2009-01-12). "Neue Travian Version: T3.5" (in German). Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2009-02-07. Retrieved 2009-01-13. ^ Tschena (2009-01-15). "Travian T3.5". Travian international forum. Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2009-01-23. Retrieved 2009-01-17. ^ Taranis (2009-01-15). "Travian T3.5 Release Details". Travian US forum. Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2009-01-16. Retrieved 2009-01-17. ^ Laika (2009-01-15). "T3.5 update 15/01/2009". Travian UK forum. Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2009-05-21. Retrieved 2009-01-26. ^ "Neues Featureset für Welt 7" (in German). Travian Games. 2009-10-23. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2009-10-27. ^ Chrisvc (2010-07-20). "New Travian 4.0 version teaser!". Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2011-08-16. Retrieved 2014-03-14. ^ Chrisvc (2011-02-11). "Travian 4 - the UK launch". Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2011-02-16. Retrieved 2014-03-14. ^ "Allgemeines - Und der Oscar geht an..." (in German). Gamesdynamite. 2005-05-11. Archived from the original on 2009-02-08. Retrieved 2013-06-11. ^ a b "Gute und preisgekrönte Browsergames" (in German). Coole Browsergames. Archived from the original on 2009-08-31. Retrieved 2013-06-11. ^ "Coole Browsergames, gute Browserspiele" (in German). Coole Browsergames. Archived from the original on 2009-03-25. Retrieved 2013-06-11. ^ Donlan, Christian (2010-02-12). "The Friday Game: Ugly Games". Edge Online. Future Publishing. Archived from the original on 2013-04-04. Retrieved 2013-06-11. ^ Donlan, Christian (2008-05-14). "Travian Review". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on 2009-04-10. Retrieved 2013-06-12. ^ "Browser Game of the Year 2010-2011 Winners". GforGaming. Archived from the original on 2013-03-25. Retrieved 2013-06-11. ^ Hohenwarter, Stefan (2011-02-22). "Browsergame of the Year 2011: Die Awardgewinner im Überblick!". GamingXP. Archived from the original on 2011-02-25. Retrieved 2013-06-11. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Freedom on the Net 2013 - Iran". Refworld. Archived from the original on 2020-12-27. Retrieved 2020-12-27. Further reading Klimmt, Christoph; Schmid, Hannah; Orthmann, Julia (2008-03-11). Motivations of browser gamers: The case of Travian players. 10th General Online Research Conference 2008. Hamburg. Klimmt, Christoph; Schmid, Hannah; Orthmann, Julia (2009-04-10). "Exploring the enjoyment of playing browser games". Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 12 (2): 231–234. doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0128. PMID 19260776. Thon, Ingo; Landwehr, Niels; De Raedt, Luc. "Travian Meta Alliances" (PDF). Journal of Machine Learning Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-03-14. Milolidakis, Giannis; Kimble, Chris; Akoumianakis, Demosthenes (2009). "A Practice-Based Analysis of an Online Strategy Game". Leveraging Knowledge for Innovation in Collaborative Networks. IFIP advances in information and communication technology. Vol. 307. Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 433–440. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04568-4_45. ISBN 978-3-642-04568-4. ISSN 1868-4238. OCLC 495479562. S2CID 11394453. Assmann, Jakob J.; Sandner, Philipp; Ahrens, Sophie (2009-01-05). 'Users' Influence on the Success of Online Communities. 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Munich: Institute for Information Systems and New Media, LMU Munich. pp. 1–10. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2009.490. ISBN 978-0-7695-3450-3. ISSN 1530-1605. Assmann, Jakob J.; Drescher, Marcus A.; Gallenkamp, Julia V.; Picot, Arnold O.; Welpe, Isabell M.; Wigand, Rolf T. (2010-08-12). MMOGs as Emerging Opportunities for Research on Virtual Organizations and Teams. Paper 335, Sustainable IT Collaboration Around the Globe, 16th Americas Conference on Information Systems, 2010. Lima, Peru: Technische Universität München. Archived from the original on 2020-12-27. Retrieved 2017-11-01. External links Travian.com international servers Travian.org original server (in German)
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Travian (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travian_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"persistent, browser-based","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_browser-based_game"},{"link_name":"massively multiplayer, online real-time strategy game","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMORTS"},{"link_name":"Travian Games","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travian_Games"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianGamesTravian-1"},{"link_name":"classical antiquity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_antiquity"},{"link_name":"real-time strategy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_strategy"},{"link_name":"German","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianGamesTravian-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Travian-2"},{"link_name":"game servers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_server"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cry2009-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CDTM2008-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Muller2006-5"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianGamesTravian-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CDTM2008-4"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianFAQ2008-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GamesDynamite2006-7"},{"link_name":"PHP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP"},{"link_name":"The Settlers of Catan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Settlers_of_Catan"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CriticalGamers2007-8"}],"text":"For other uses, see Travian (disambiguation).Travian: Legends is a persistent, browser-based, massively multiplayer, online real-time strategy game developed by the German software company Travian Games.[1] It was originally written and released in June 2004 as \"Travian\" by Gerhard Müller. Set in classical antiquity, Travian: Legends is a predominantly militaristic real-time strategy game.Travian has been translated into over 40 languages from the original German version,[1][2] and at one time boasted over 5 million players on over 300 game servers worldwide.[3][4][5] In 2006, it won the Superbrowsergame Award, in the large games category.[1][4][6][7]Travian: Legends is programmed in PHP and runs in most modern browsers. Its creators may have drawn from an earlier German board game, The Settlers of Catan, for layout[8] and the resource development theme.","title":"Travian"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"alliances","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_(video_gaming)"}],"text":"Travian: Legends is set in classical antiquity. Each player starts the game as the leader of a small, undeveloped village, surrounded by undeveloped resource fields. Developing these fields increases their resource output. The village can be developed by constructing new buildings and upgrading existing ones. Recruiting military units allows players to attack other villages to plunder resources, and defend from enemy attacks. Villages may trade their resources with other villages if both villages have a marketplace. The player may expand their realm by founding new villages, or by conquering other players' villages. Players can communicate with each other using in-game messages, and may join alliances for military and economic co-operation with other players.","title":"Gameplay"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"game server","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_server"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianRules-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianForumRules-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianAnswersDual-11"}],"sub_title":"Starting a game","text":"Players must register on the Travian website to join a game, providing an e-mail address, and creating a username and a password.The player must also choose a tribe to play the game with, and select a World, that represents a game server, to play in. Entities in one World can only interact with other entities in the same World. Events that take place in one World do not affect other Worlds. Players may operate accounts in multiple Worlds, but operating more than one account in the same World is prohibited by the rules.[9][10] However, multiple players may operate a single account.[11] Worlds close registrations for new players after a certain number of players have signed up.After logging in, the player can follow a tutorial that guides them through various aspects of the game and offers rewards for successful completion. At the start of the game, there is a \"beginner's protection\" period, in which the player cannot be attacked, the length of which depends on the server.","title":"Gameplay"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Romans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome"},{"link_name":"Gauls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauls"},{"link_name":"Teutons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutons"},{"link_name":"Huns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huns"},{"link_name":"Egyptians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptians"},{"link_name":"NPC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-player_character"}],"sub_title":"Tribes","text":"There are 3 playable tribes (the Romans, the Gauls, and the Teutons) and two non-playable tribes (Natars and Nature) on classic Travian: Legend servers. Travian: Fire and Sand introduced two more playable tribes (Huns and Egyptians) which are later incorporated into all international servers. The player selects one of these tribes during registration. Each tribe has different specialities. Romans can upgrade buildings and resource fields simultaneously, have powerful troops which are expensive to train, and have low-capacity merchants. Gauls have fast-moving troops with good defensive capabilities, and fast merchants. Teutons are geared towards an aggressive style of play, and offer weak but cheap troops, as well as slow but high-capacity merchants. Once a tribe is chosen it cannot be changed, and all villages founded or conquered by the player will be of that tribe.The two NPC tribes are the Natars and Nature. Natarian villages randomly spawn all over the map, and will gradually develop. Villages of players who have deleted their accounts will also have a chance of turning into Natarian villages. These villages can be attacked and conquered by players. Natars also occupy the central area of the map, and will attack players' villages in that area. Natarian villages may hold ancient artefacts which give bonuses to those who possess them.Nature is the tribe to which animals occupying abandoned oases on the map belong. Unlike the other four tribes, Natural troops cannot attack other villages but may be attacked. It is possible to capture animals from oases and use them as defensive units.","title":"Gameplay"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_view_resource_travian.jpg"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Richardson2008-12"}],"sub_title":"Resources","text":"Map view resource travianDeveloping villages and training units consumes resources. Resources are produced by the resource fields that surround each settlement; their output can be increased by upgrading the fields and by capturing nearby oases. There are four kinds of resources in Travian: wood, clay, iron and crop.[12] Each resource is required to develop a village, with clay being the most demanded used resource for construction. Additionally, consumption of resources will vary based on the player's tribe: Roman troops require iron for their armour, Teutonic troops require wood, and Gallic troops require clay. Military units and the village population consume crop, so the net crop production is lowered whenever the population grows or a new military unit joins the village.Troops can raid other villages to plunder resources. Resources can also be transferred to other villages unilaterally if the source village has a marketplace. Bilateral trade can take place when both villages have a marketplace, and one village accepts a trading deal offered by another.","title":"Gameplay"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Buildings","text":"Buildings can be built and upgraded in the 22 building slots in the village centre. They cost time and resources to construct, and attract more people to settle in the village, increasing the population. Buildings may have a prerequisite that one or more of the other buildings must be at a certain level. Each type of building has a different use. New villages start with the main building, which decreases the construction time of new extensions to the buildings and resource fields in the village. Warehouses and granaries allow the village to store more resources. Military units are trained at the barracks, stable, workshop, residence and palace, while military research is conducted at the academy and the armoury. There are also buildings that enhance the resource production in the village. A treasure chamber allows the village to hold an artefact, and shows the list of the locations of all the artefacts in the game.","title":"Gameplay"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Travian_Village.png"}],"sub_title":"Villages","text":"A developed village.Each player starts the game with a single undeveloped village, designated as the capital. A village consists of the village centre, and 18 resource fields that surround the village centre. Up to 22 buildings can be constructed in the village centre. Of these, two are special-purpose building spaces, for the walls and the rally point. In an undeveloped village, the resource fields are at level 0, and there is only a single building, known as the main building.Players can found or conquer additional villages to expand their realm, increase total resource production and help support larger armies. There are prerequisites for founding or conquering additional villages. The player must have accumulated enough culture points, which are passively produced by most buildings, and actively produced by hosting parties in the town hall. The number of culture points required depends on the total number of villages the player already controls. The player must also have a palace or the residence building in a village he or she controls to be at a particular level. The level requirement depends on the number of villages founded or conquered by troops from that particular village. Once these criteria are met, the player may train three settlers to go and found a new village at a chosen vacant area on the map. Settlers must be given 750 of each resource before they start their journey. When the settlers reach their destination, they will found an undeveloped village which will be under the player's control.Instead of founding a new village, a player may choose to conquer another village. The player may train an administrator (a Roman senator, a Teutonic chief or a Gallic chieftain) instead of three settlers. Unlike settlers, these units must be researched in the academy before they can be trained. Administrators can be sent to another village, usually accompanied by other troops, where they will speak to the village's populace and reduce their loyalty to the defender. If the loyalty drops to zero, the village will join the attacker's realm. The defender will lose control of the village, and all troops originating from the village will cease to exist. A capital can not be conquered.Villages are destroyed if its population drops to zero as a result of a siege. However, a village cannot be destroyed if it is a player's last village, so a player will always have at least one village.","title":"Gameplay"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Troops","text":"Troops are military units that allow the player to attack and defend villages. They can carry resources, so they can be used to raid other villages. There are mainly three classifications of troop: tribe, mobility and function. There are fifty different types of troop in Travian, ten for each tribe. Troops are either infantry or cavalry. Most troop types are regular units, but each tribe has troop types to represent scouts, two types of siege engine, administrators and settlers. Each troop type has attributes which determine its training cost, upkeep, offensive capability, defensive capability against infantry and cavalry, speed and resource carrying capacity. Infantry is trained in the barracks, and cavalry is trained in the stable. Scouts are espionage units that can be used to spy on enemy villages, or defend from espionage attacks. Siege engines, which are built in the workshop, allow players to destroy enemy buildings and defensive structures. Administrators and settlers are units that have the ability to conquer or found new villages, respectively. They are trained in the residence or the palace.At first, players may only recruit the most basic troop type of their tribe. To train more advanced troops, the player must research them in the academy in the village where they are to be trained. Troops may also require military buildings to be upgraded to a certain level before they may be researched.Troops' offensive and defensive attributes may be improved by constructing an armoury to enhance their weapons and armour. Upgrading the barracks, stable and workshop allow faster training of troops. There are also buildings known as the great barracks and the great stable, which allow simultaneous training of the same troop type but at three times the cost. Roman villages can build a horse drinking trough to speed up training of cavalry and reduce their upkeep. Teutons can build a brewery which improves the offensive attributes of troops from that village.There is also a special unit known as a hero, which can gain experience from battle. Heroes can equip items, embark on adventures, capture oases and produce resources. They can also accompany an army. Depending on their attributes, a hero may give an offensive or defensive bonus to the army that it accompanies.","title":"Gameplay"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Travian4AnswersArtefacts-13"},{"link_name":"mounts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riding_animal"},{"link_name":"health","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_(gaming)"},{"link_name":"experience points","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_point"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Travian4AnswersItems-14"}],"sub_title":"Items","text":"There are two types of items in the game; the first are artefacts, which gives bonuses to the holder, depending on the type of artefact; the second are equipment and consumables for the hero.Artefacts are items which are introduced mid-game, and give significant bonuses to those who possess them. Upon release, they are placed in heavily defended Natarian villages, and can be acquired either by conquering the village, or by destroying the treasury in the target village and sending an army accompanied by the hero to capture the artefacts. All players with a treasury can see the locations of the artefacts. Based on the bonus strength and area of effect, artefacts are split into four categories: village-wide artefacts provide the bonus to the village that the artefacts are currently in; realm-level artefacts generally have a weaker bonus, but affect all the villages in the player's realm; unique artefacts also affect all the villages in the realm, but they provide bonuses that are at least as strong as that of village-wide artefacts; the fourth type of artefact provides alliance-wide effects, which are only used for the construction plans for the Wonders of the World that are released near the end of the game.Different artefacts provide bonuses to different attributes. There are nine types of artefacts; the bonuses of the first six are stronger buildings, faster troops, better spies, less hungry troops, faster troop training, and improved cranny capacity with less precision for enemy catapults. The bonus and its strength provided by the seventh type are randomised, and switch between the first six every 24 hours. The effect can also be positive or negative. The eighth artefact provides the player with the construction plans for the great warehouse and granary. The ninth provides the plans for the Wonders of the World.[13]Equipment and consumable items affect the hero and the army that he or she accompanies. Equipment consists of armour and weapons for the hero, mounts, and special items that increase the speed or carrying capacity of the troops. Consumable items include those that regenerate the hero's health, provide experience points, reduce battle losses, increase culture points, reset the hero's attributes, and provide the means to capture animals from oases.[14] Items are obtained during a hero's adventures, and can be traded on the silver market.","title":"Gameplay"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"alliances","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_(video_gaming)"},{"link_name":"forum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_forum"},{"link_name":"web chat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_chat"},{"link_name":"non-aggression pact","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-aggression_pact"},{"link_name":"coalitions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalitions"}],"sub_title":"Alliances","text":"Travian players can create and join alliances whose members support each other economically and militarily. Once in an alliance, the player can make, view and accept alliance-only resource trading offers in their village marketplaces. There are also features such as shared combat reports to support military cooperation between members. Each alliance member can view combat reports from every other member of the alliance, and there is a forum and a web chat feature for talking to other members. Alliance leaders can delegate powers to other members of the alliance, including the ability to send mass alliance-wide in-game messages, invite new players into the alliance, remove existing members of the alliance and change the alliance name and description.The maximum number of members in an alliance is 60, so when an alliance wants to expand further, it splits into multiple wings. Members in one wing cannot view the combat reports of members in another wing, benefit from alliance-only resource trading, or use the web chat to talk to each other, since the game considers the wings to be separate alliances.Travian also supports inter-alliance diplomacy. Two or more alliances may form a non-aggression pact or a military alliance pact. This is supported by features that prevent certain forms of aggression between members of the alliances in question. There is also a diplomatic feature to allow alliances to recognise a state of war. Towards the end of a game, different alliances often join together, resulting in large coalitions that fight each other to try to complete the victory conditions.There is a ranking system which determines the rank of each alliance from attacking, defending, raiding and growth. Alliances earn medals for their profile page by ranking in the top 10 for a category. The medal will contain information about the category, the rank and when it was earned.","title":"Gameplay"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"End game","text":"Each round of Travian concludes with the end game sequence. For normal game rounds the sequence begins after about 200 days. After this time has elapsed, the plans for the construction of the Wonders of the World are released into Natarian villages. Coalitions of alliances work together to capture plans and construct a Wonder before rival coalitions. With every five levels that the Wonder is upgraded, the Natars attack the villages containing the Wonders until level 95, when they will then attack upon the completion of every new level. In addition to this, enemy coalitions also send attacks against the villages, sometimes timed to coincide with the Natarian attacks. The first player to build their World Wonder to level 100 is declared to be the winner of the round. The players with the most populous realm and the most successful attacking and defending streaks are also mentioned in the declaration.After the winner is declared, the game stops and players can no longer build, trade or engage in combat. After a period of time, the next round begins, and the game starts afresh.","title":"Gameplay"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oliver_Eger.jpg"},{"link_name":"PHP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP"},{"link_name":"hobby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobby"},{"link_name":"chemistry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry"},{"link_name":"Technical University of Munich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_University_of_Munich"},{"link_name":"Critical Gamers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Critical_Gamers&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"The Settlers of Catan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Settlers_of_Catan"},{"link_name":"Solar Realms Elite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Realms_Elite"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CriticalGamers2007-8"},{"link_name":"Travian Games","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travian_Games"},{"link_name":"non-trading partnership","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gesellschaft_b%C3%BCrgerlichen_Rechts&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"limited liability company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschaft_mit_beschr%C3%A4nkter_Haftung"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianGamesHistory2006-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianGamesAbout-16"},{"link_name":"Java ME","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_ME"},{"link_name":"midlet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midlet"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lober2006-17"},{"link_name":"GameCreator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GameCreator&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mai2006-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianForumClassicFridolin2007-19"},{"link_name":"German","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Travian3.5Statistics-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianDEForum3.5Announcement-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianComForum3.5Announcement-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianUSForum3.5Announcement-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianUKForum3.5Announcement-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianDEForum3.6Announcement-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianForumV4Plan-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianForumChrisVC2011-27"}],"text":"Oliver Eger, illustratorTravian was developed and published in June 2004 as a PHP hobby project by Gerhard Müller, then a student of chemistry at the Technical University of Munich. The second version was released on 12 March 2005, with new buildings and changes to the game mechanics and graphics. Critical Gamers compared the game to The Settlers of Catan and Solar Realms Elite.[8]As a result of the unexpected success of the game, Gerhard Müller and his brother Siegfried Müller founded Travian Games as a non-trading partnership in July 2005, which was changed into a limited liability company later in the year. The operations and the rights of Travian were transferred to the company at the beginning of 2006.[15][16]In 2006, Travian Games began offering access to a mobile phone-optimised interface to the game through a subscription-based Java ME midlet.[17] The application was developed by Markus Rieger of GameCreator.[18] However, this application is no longer developed or supported.Version 3 was released on 30 June 2006, and featured oases which could be annexed, and would supplement the player's hourly resource production, as opposed to the oases in version 2, which were only present for visual appeal. Version 3 also introduced 'heroes', military units which gain experience in battles. There were also major changes to game mechanics and graphics. Update 3.1 introduced quests that players could complete to receive rewards in the form of resource or game gold.An edition of Travian where events take place three times faster, known as Travian Speed3x, was also released. Later Speed editions with different speed multipliers were released.On March 16, 2007, an announcement was made about the release of Travian Classic, dubbed \"Travian 2.5\", which was based on version 3 but had certain features disabled in order to make it similar to version 2.[19]Update 3.5 was first implemented on the original .org server (German) in early February 2009, and was implemented on other servers with the game restarting in mid-2009.[20][21][22][23][24] It reintroduced artifacts—items which give the players bonuses once captured. On 22 October 2009, it was followed by update 3.6, which made several Plus! account-only features available to non-paying users, along with newly added features.[25]In July 2010, an announcement was made saying that developers were working on a Version 4,[26] which was released in February 2011.[27]","title":"Development"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"web banners","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_banner"},{"link_name":"user scripts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_scripts"}],"text":"Travian was initially financed through players upgrading accounts with Travian Plus and web banners. Later, an option for purchasing 'Gold' replaced the one for buying 'Plus' on most servers. The introduction of 'Gold' allowed players to directly influence the game mechanics: for instance, by increasing resource production, instant completion of building and researches. At one point gold could purchase attack and defense bonuses of 10%, but this has been revoked in later servers. Accounts upgraded with Plus allowed building queues, larger maps and other functional abilities. These effects can be replicated with user scripts, but implementing these can result in a banning of the offending account as they are against the general terms and conditions of Travian. The Gold club, available since version 3.6, features attack lists and valley searches. Travian has also included a \"Travian Shop\" which includes Travian-related items like clothing and mugs.","title":"Financing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianGamesTravian-1"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GamesDynamite2005-28"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianGamesTravian-1"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CooleBrowsergames2009b-29"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianGamesTravian-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CDTM2008-4"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianFAQ2008-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GamesDynamite2006-7"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CooleBrowsergames2009b-29"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CooleBrowsergames2009a-30"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Donlan2010-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Donlan2008-32"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TravianGamesTravian-1"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GforGaming2011-33"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hohenwarter2011-34"}],"text":"Travian was ranked at second place in the medium games category of Gamesdynamite's Superbrowsergame Award in 2005,[1][28] and was chosen as the Most Innovative Browser Game of 2005 by Coole Browsergames.[1][29]In 2006, Travian won the Superbrowsergame Award, in the large games category,[1][4][6][7] and was chosen as the Browser Game of the Year 2006 by Coole Browsergames.[29][30]Christian Donlan, game reviewer, described Travian's version 2 interface as \"ugly\", with a \"primitive cartoon style\" and a bad colour scheme.[31] He characterised the game as \"functional rather than beautiful\", with an interface that is \"uncluttered\".[32]Travian was chosen as the Browser Game of the Year 2011 in the classic games category by GforGaming's jury.[1][33][34]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ministry of Islamic Culture and Guidance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Islamic_Culture_and_Guidance"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"}],"sub_title":"Censorship","text":"It was blocked in Iran with the reason of \"being non-islamic\" according to Iranian government, despite having a license from Ministry of Islamic Culture and Guidance.[35]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"10th General Online Research Conference 2008","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.academia.edu/2356708/10th_General_Online_Research_Conference_2008"},{"link_name":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberpsychology,_Behavior,_and_Social_Networking"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1089/cpb.2008.0128","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1089%2Fcpb.2008.0128"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"19260776","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19260776"},{"link_name":"\"Travian Meta Alliances\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.ingothon.de/files/thon10data_meta.pdf"},{"link_name":"Journal of Machine Learning Research","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Machine_Learning_Research"},{"link_name":"Archived","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20140314151748/http://www.ingothon.de/files/thon10data_meta.pdf"},{"link_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1007/978-3-642-04568-4_45","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-04568-4_45"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-3-642-04568-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-04568-4"},{"link_name":"ISSN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1868-4238","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/issn/1868-4238"},{"link_name":"OCLC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"495479562","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/oclc/495479562"},{"link_name":"S2CID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"11394453","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11394453"},{"link_name":"'Users' Influence on the Success of Online Communities","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.researchgate.net/publication/224373263"},{"link_name":"Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii_International_Conference_on_System_Sciences"},{"link_name":"Munich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich"},{"link_name":"Institute for Information Systems and New Media","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Institute_for_Information_Systems_and_New_Media&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"LMU Munich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1109/HICSS.2009.490","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1109%2FHICSS.2009.490"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-7695-3450-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7695-3450-3"},{"link_name":"ISSN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1530-1605","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/issn/1530-1605"},{"link_name":"MMOGs as Emerging Opportunities for Research on Virtual Organizations and Teams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.researchgate.net/publication/220889850"},{"link_name":"Americas Conference on Information Systems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americas_Conference_on_Information_Systems"},{"link_name":"Lima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima"},{"link_name":"Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru"},{"link_name":"Technische Universität München","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_M%C3%BCnchen"},{"link_name":"Archived","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20201227113818/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220889850_MMOGs_as_Emerging_Opportunities_for_Research_on_Virtual_Organizations_and_Teams"}],"text":"Klimmt, Christoph; Schmid, Hannah; Orthmann, Julia (2008-03-11). Motivations of browser gamers: The case of Travian players. 10th General Online Research Conference 2008. Hamburg.\nKlimmt, Christoph; Schmid, Hannah; Orthmann, Julia (2009-04-10). \"Exploring the enjoyment of playing browser games\". Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 12 (2): 231–234. doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0128. PMID 19260776.\nThon, Ingo; Landwehr, Niels; De Raedt, Luc. \"Travian Meta Alliances\" (PDF). Journal of Machine Learning Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-03-14.\nMilolidakis, Giannis; Kimble, Chris; Akoumianakis, Demosthenes (2009). \"A Practice-Based Analysis of an Online Strategy Game\". Leveraging Knowledge for Innovation in Collaborative Networks. IFIP advances in information and communication technology. Vol. 307. Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 433–440. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04568-4_45. ISBN 978-3-642-04568-4. ISSN 1868-4238. OCLC 495479562. S2CID 11394453.\nAssmann, Jakob J.; Sandner, Philipp; Ahrens, Sophie (2009-01-05). 'Users' Influence on the Success of Online Communities. 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Munich: Institute for Information Systems and New Media, LMU Munich. pp. 1–10. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2009.490. ISBN 978-0-7695-3450-3. ISSN 1530-1605.\nAssmann, Jakob J.; Drescher, Marcus A.; Gallenkamp, Julia V.; Picot, Arnold O.; Welpe, Isabell M.; Wigand, Rolf T. (2010-08-12). MMOGs as Emerging Opportunities for Research on Virtual Organizations and Teams. Paper 335, Sustainable IT Collaboration Around the Globe, 16th Americas Conference on Information Systems, 2010. Lima, Peru: Technische Universität München. Archived from the original on 2020-12-27. Retrieved 2017-11-01.","title":"Further reading"}]
[{"image_text":"Map view resource travian","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/77/Map_view_resource_travian.jpg/220px-Map_view_resource_travian.jpg"},{"image_text":"A developed village.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cb/Travian_Village.png/200px-Travian_Village.png"},{"image_text":"Oliver Eger, illustrator","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Oliver_Eger.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"\"Travian - Traviangames GmbH\". Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2011-09-11. Retrieved 2008-12-12.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.traviangames.com/en/products/travian.html","url_text":"\"Travian - Traviangames GmbH\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110911205849/http://www.traviangames.com/en/products/travian.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Travian - the online multiplayer strategy game\". Travian Games. Retrieved 2013-06-05.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.travian.com/","url_text":"\"Travian - the online multiplayer strategy game\""}]},{"reference":"\"Cry's Travian Tools\". Travian Team. Archived from the original on 2007-02-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070208095302/http://cry.travianteam.com/","url_text":"\"Cry's Travian Tools\""},{"url":"http://cry.travianteam.com/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"CDTM GROW - Die Start-Up Messe: Travian Games GmbH\" (in German). Center for Digital Technology and Management. Archived from the original on 2009-06-05. Retrieved 2008-12-22.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090605011957/http://grow.cdtm.de/aussteller/travian-games-gmbh.html","url_text":"\"CDTM GROW - Die Start-Up Messe: Travian Games GmbH\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Digital_Technology_and_Management","url_text":"Center for Digital Technology and Management"},{"url":"http://grow.cdtm.de/aussteller/travian-games-gmbh.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Müller, Siegfried (2006-05-15). \"Travian Games\" (PDF) (in German). Center for Digital Technology and Management. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2009-08-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110718210456/http://www.cdtm.de/uploads/media/Session_5_-_Travian_Games.pdf","url_text":"\"Travian Games\""},{"url":"http://www.cdtm.de/uploads/media/Session_5_-_Travian_Games.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"\\travian\\faq\". Travian FAQ. Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2008-05-03. Retrieved 2008-12-12.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080503151921/http://help.travian.com/index.php","url_text":"\"\\travian\\faq\""},{"url":"http://help.travian.com/index.php","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Special: Die Wahl zum Superbrowsergame 2006 hat gewonnen...\" (in German). Gamesdynamite. 2006-10-04. Archived from the original on 2007-05-11. Retrieved 2008-12-12.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070511034449/http://bgs.gdynamite.de/print_special_853.html","url_text":"\"Special: Die Wahl zum Superbrowsergame 2006 hat gewonnen...\""},{"url":"http://bgs.gdynamite.de/print_special_853.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Travian - A Slick Little Massive Web Game\". Blogpire Productions. 2007-12-05. Archived from the original on 2007-12-14. Retrieved 2013-06-05.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.criticalgamers.com/archives/board-games/travian_a_slick_web_game.php","url_text":"\"Travian - A Slick Little Massive Web Game\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blogpire_Productions&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Blogpire Productions"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20071214184008/http://www.criticalgamers.com/archives/board-games/travian_a_slick_web_game.php","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Tschena (2009-07-31). \"Rules of the Game\". Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2013-10-08. Retrieved 2014-03-14.","urls":[{"url":"http://forum.travian.com/showthread.php?t=124051","url_text":"\"Rules of the Game\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131008172305/http://forum.travian.com/showthread.php?t=124051","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"What is a dual? How do I add one?\". Travian Answers. Travian Games. Archived from the original on 2014-03-14. Retrieved 2014-03-14.","urls":[{"url":"http://answers.travian.com/?view=answers&action=answer&aid=129#go2answer","url_text":"\"What is a dual? How do I add one?\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140314191730/http://answers.travian.com/?view=answers&action=answer&aid=129#go2answer","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Richardson, Ben (2008-02-26). \"Urban Dead: The massively multiplayer zombie text adventure\". GamesRadar. Archived from the original on 2013-06-11. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32nd_Sports_Emmy_Awards
32nd Sports Emmy Awards
["1 Awards","1.1 Programs","1.2 Personalities","1.3 Technical","2 References"]
32nd Sports Emmy AwardsDateMay 2, 2011LocationFrederick P. Rose Hall, Jazz at Lincoln Center, New York City ← 31st · Sports Emmy Awards · 33rd → The 32nd Sports Emmy Awards were presented on May 2, 2011 at the Frederick P. Rose Hall at the Jazz at Lincoln Center in New York City. Awards Programs Outstanding Live Sports Special Outstanding Live Sports Series 2010 FIFA World Cup Final - Spain vs. Netherlands, ABC 2010 Tour de France, Versus Golf on CBS - The Masters, CBS NBA Finals on ABC, ABC 2010 Breeders' Cup, ESPN The Ryder Cup, NBC/USA NBC Sunday Night Football, NBC ESPN College Football, ESPN ESPN Monday Night Football, ESPN NASCAR on FOX and SPEED, FOX/SPEED NFL on FOX, FOX Outstanding Live Event Turnaround Outstanding Playoff Coverage Sound FX - Cincinnati Bengals at New York Jets, NFL Network/NFL Films Inside the Headsets - The 26th All-Star Challenge, SPEED The 2010 World Series of Poker Final Table, ESPN Tour de France on CBS, CBS XXI Olympic Winter Games, NBC NCAA Basketball on CBS - The NCAA men's basketball tournament, CBS 2010 FIFA World Cup, ESPN MLB Postseason on TBS, TBS NBA Playoffs on TNT, TNT NFL on FOX - NFC Championship Game, FOX Outstanding Edited Sports Special Outstanding Sports Documentary 24/7 - Penguins-Capitals: Road to the NHL Winter Classic, HBO 24/7 - Mayweather-Mosley, HBO Bill Parcells: Reflections on a Life in Football, NFL Network I Scored a Goal, ABC Red Bull Young Jaws, Fuel/Red Bull Media House Lombardi HBO June 17, 1994, ESPN Magic & Bird: A Courtship of Rivals, HBO Robben Island: A Greater Goal, ESPN2 The Two Escobars, ESPN Deportes Outstanding Edited Sports Series/Anthology Outstanding Studio Show - Weekly Hard Knocks - Training Camp with the New York Jets, HBO Big Ten Basketball 2010 - The Journey, Big Ten Network E:60, ESPN2 NCAA on CBS - Championships of the NCAA, CBS Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel, HBO ESPN College Gameday, ESPN Football Night in America, NBC Inside the NBA on TNT, TNT MLB Network's Studio 42 with Bob Costas, MLB Network NFL Gameday Morning, NFL Network Outstanding Studio Show - Daily Outstanding Sports Journalism MLB Tonight, MLB Network Inside the NBA on TNT, TNT MLB Postseason on TBS, TBS Pardon the Interruption, ESPN SportsCenter, ESPN Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel - The Missing Link, HBO E:60 - Children of Bhopal, ESPN2 Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel - Fallen Star, HBO Vanguard - Soccer's Lost Boys, Current TV Outstanding Short Feature Outstanding Long Feature NFL on CBS - Super Bowl XLIV - Wynton Marsalis - '43 Years', CBS E:60 - A League of Her Own, ABC Inside the NFL - The Drew Swank Story, Showtime NFL on CBS - Honoring Flight 93, CBS Outside the Lines - Santa Anita: A Dark History, ESPN E:60 - Survival 1, ESPN2 E:60 - Josiah's Time, ESPN2 E:60 - Unbreakable, ESPN2 Outside the Lines - Asian Carp, ESPN Outside the Lines - The Power of Dylan, ESPN Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel - Leading Man, HBO Outstanding Open/Tease Outstanding New Approaches Sports Event Coverage XXI Olympic Winter Games - Discovery, NBC 2010 FIFA World Cup, ABC 2010 NBA Draft, ESPN Lombardi, HBO NBA Playoffs on TNT - Jamie vs. Justin, TNT NFL Sunday Ticket Experience on DIRECTV, DIRECTV CBS NCAA March Madness On Demand IPhone App, CBS Interactive MLB.com At Bat 2010, MLBAM NFL.com Live: 2010 Scouting Combine, NFL.com XXI Olympic Winter Games - Beyond the Broadcast, NBCOlympics.com Outstanding New Approaches Sports Programming Outstanding New Approaches Sports Programming Short Format The Science of Sports, NBCSports.com 24/7 - Mayweather-Mosley Face Off with max Kellerman, HBO Sunday Night Football Extra, NBCSports.com XXI Olympic Winter Games, NBCOlympics.com Sport Science, ESPN.com The NFL Season: A Biography, NFL.com/NFL Network Personalities Outstanding Sports Personality, Studio Host Outstanding Sports Personality, Play-by-Play Bob Costas, NBC/MLB Network Chris Berman, ESPN James Brown, CBS/Showtime Ernie Johnson, TNT Dan Patrick, NBC/DirecTV Scott Van Pelt, ESPN Mike Emrick, NBC Joe Buck, FOX Bob Costas, MLB Network Verne Lundquist, CBS Al Michaels, NBC Jim Nantz, CBS Outstanding Sports Personality, Studio Analyst Outstanding Sports Personality, Sports Event Analyst Kirk Herbstreit, ESPN Charles Barkley, TNT Tom Jackson, ESPN Howie Long, FOX Harold Reynolds, MLB Network Cris Collinsworth, NBC Jon Gruden, ESPN Orel Hershiser, ESPN Phil Simms, CBS Jeff Van Gundy, ABC Technical Outstanding Technical Team Remote Outstanding Technical Team Studio Golf on CBS, CBS NASCAR on FOX, FOX NFL on CBS - Super Bowl XLIV, CBS Winter X Games XIV, ESPN/ESPN2 XXI Olympic Winter Games, NBC 2010 FIFA World Cup, ESPN/ABC MLB Tonight, MLB Network Outstanding Camera Work Outstanding Editing Hard Knocks - Training Camp with the New York Jets, HBO/NFL Films 2010 FIFA World Cup, ESPN/ABC 24/7 - Jimmie Johnson: Race to Daytona, HBO First Ascent, Travel Channel/Sender Films NFL Films Presents - Shots of the Year, NFL Network/NFL Films XXI Olympic Winter Games - Discovery, NBC 24/7 - Jimmie Johnson: Race to Daytona, HBO 2010 Scripps National Spelling Bee, ABC Hard Knocks - Training Camp with the New York Jets, HBO/NFL Films Inside the NFL - Sounds of the Year, Showtime/NFL Films June 17, 1994, ESPN The Dick Schaap Outstanding Writing Award Outstanding Music Composition/Direction/Lyrics 2010 FIFA World Cup, ESPN/ABC 24/7 - Mayweather-Mosley, ESPN/ABC 24/7 - Penguins-Capitals: Road to the NHL Winter Classic, HBO Magic & Bird: A Courtship of Rivals, HBO XXI Olympic Winter Games - Discovery, NBC NFL on CBS - Super Bowl XLIV - Run This Town', CBS 2010 FIFA World Cup - Day One Tease ESPN/ABC Lombardi, HBO Magic & Bird: A Courtship of Rivals, HBO NFL on CBS - Super Bowl XLIV - Wynton Marsalis - '43 Years', CBS Outstanding Live Event Audio/Sound Outstanding Post Produced Audio/Sound NASCAR on FOX, FOX MLB on FOX, FOX NFL on FOX, FOX Hard Knocks - Training Camp with the New York Jets, HBO 24/7 - Penguins-Capitals: Road to the NHL Winter Classic, HBO Inside the NFL - SOund of the Year, Showtime/NFL Films NFL on CBS - Super Bowl XLIV - Run This Town, CBS XXI Olympic Winter Games - Remember the Titans, NBC Outstanding Graphic Design Outstanding Production Design/Art Direction Sports Science, ESPN/BASE Productions XXI Olympic Winter Games, NBC 2010 FIFA World Cup, ESPN ESPNU College Football Whiparound, ESPNU MLB Network Studio Graphics, MLB Network NBC Sunday Night Football, NBC NFL on CBS - Super Bowl XLIV - Run This Town, CBS 2010 FIFA World Cup, ESPN/ESPN2/ABC 2010 NBA Draft, ESPN ESPN NFL Unmasked, ESPN George Wensel Outstanding Innovative Technical Achievement Award Outstanding Sport Promotional Announcement, Institutional US Open Tennis Championships - 3D at US Open Tennis Championships, CBS Ballpark Cam, MLB Network Enhanced Visual Accompaniment, ESPN ESPN3D, ESPN MLB All-Star Game - Sand, FOX/The Mill Is It Monday Yet? - Monday Action, An Exit Away, Stone's Throw, ESPN/Wieden& Kennedy NBC Sports Championship Season, NBC NHL Winter Classic - Classic Rivalry; Classic Spectacle, NBC XXI Olympic Winter Games - One Day; Dream It, Win It; One Dream, NBC Outstanding Sports Promotional Announcement - Episodic NFL 'It's Good to Have a Ring' - Booth; Airport; Pool Party, FOX/Smuggler ESPN Films - 30 for 30 'What if I Told You...?' - Winning Time, The Two Escobars, Pony Express, ESPN The Open Championship, ESPN/Perception XXI Olympic Winter Games - One Day; Olympic Showdown; Dancing Stars, NBC References NBC, HBO lead Sports Emmy wins - Variety The National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Announces Winners of 32nd Annual Sports Emmy Awards vteEmmy Awards ATAS NATAS International TV Academy Primetime Emmy Award (categorieswinnersmost awards per ceremony)Main ceremonies 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Creative Arts 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Daytime Emmy Award (categorieswinners)Main ceremonies 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Creative Arts 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 International (categorieswinners) 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Sports (categories) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2021 2022 2023 2024 Technology and Engineering 2006 2007 2008 2009 News and Documentary 2010 2011 2012 2013 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Children's and Family (categories) 2022 2023 Regional Chicago / Midwest Heartlands Lone Star Los Angeles Lower Great Lakes Michigan Mid-America Mid-Atlantic Midsouth National Capital / Chesapeake Bay New England New York Northwest Ohio Valley Pacific Southwest Rocky Mountain / Southwest San Francisco / Northern California Atlanta / Southeast Suncoast Upper Midwest Related Lifetime Achievement Emmys Television Hall of Fame Bob Hope Humanitarian Award EGOT Triple Crown of Acting Category
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko_Slovensk%C3%A1_SuperStar
SuperStar (Czech and Slovak TV series)
["1 Cast","1.1 Hosts","1.2 Judges","2 Series overview","2.1 Season 1","2.2 Season 2","2.3 Season 3","2.4 Season 4","2.5 Season 5","2.6 Season 6","2.7 Season 7","3 Receptions","3.1 Ratings","4 See also","5 References","6 External links"]
Czech-Slovak music competition television series SuperStarAlso known asČesko Slovenská SuperStarCreated bySimon FullerCountry of originCzech RepublicSlovakiaOriginal releaseNetworkTV Nova, MarkízaReleaseSeptember 6, 2009 (2009-09-06) –present SuperStar (previously known as Česko Slovenská SuperStar) is a joint Czech-Slovak version of the Idol series' Pop Idol. It was merged from Česko hledá SuperStar and SuperStar Search Slovakia, which previously had three individual seasons each. The first season premiered in September 2009 with castings held in Prague, Brno, Bratislava and Košice. It is broadcast on two channels: «TV Nova» (Czech Republic) and «Markíza» (Slovakia) which have also been the broadcast stations for the individual seasons. Also both hosts have been their hosts countries before as have been three out of the four judges. To legitimate a fair chance for each country's contestants to reach the final, twelve of the contestants will compete split into genders and nationalities in the semifinals, guaranteeing a 50% share for each country in the top 12. Cast Judges and host of the most recent season of SuperStarPavol HaberaMonika BagárováMarián ČekovskýPatricie PagáčováLeoš MarešEwa Farná Hosts Key   Host of SuperStar Presenter Season 1 Season 2 Season 3 Season 4 Season 5 Season 6 Season 7 Ewa Farná Leoš Mareš Jasmina Alagič Adela Banášová Tina Roman Juraško Zora Kepková Martin "Pyco" Rausch Jitka Nováčková Judges Key   Judges of SuperStar Presenter Season 1 Season 2 Season 3 Season 4 Season 5 Season 6 Season 7 Pavol Habera Leoš Mareš Monika Bagárová Patricie Pagáčová Marián Čekovský Matěj Ruppert Ben Cristovao Katarína Knechtová Marta Jandová Dara Rolins Ondřej Hejma Rytmus Gábina Osvaldová Helena Zeťová Ewa Farná Ondřej Soukup Klára Vytisková Series overview Color key   Female contestant   Male contestant Season Premiere Finale No. of finalists No. of final weeks Winner Runner-up Judges One September 6, 2009 December 20, 2009 12 9 Martin Chodúr Miroslav Šmajda Pavol Habera Dara Rolins Marta Jandová Ondřej Hejma Two February 20, 2011 June 5, 2011 12 9 Lukáš Adamec Gabriela Gunčíková Gabriela Osvaldová Helena Zeťová Rytmus Three February 10, 2013 June 2, 2013 12 11 Sabina Křováková Štefan Pčelár Ewa Farná Ondřej Soukup Four August 30, 2015 December 6, 2015 8 6 Emma Drobná Štěpán Urban Klára Vytisková Marta Jandová Five February 24, 2018 June 10, 2018 10 5 Tereza Mašková Eliška Rusková Katarína Knechtová Ben Cristovao Matěj Ruppert Six February 16, 2020 May 31, 2020 10 2 Barbora Piešová Diana Kovaľová Monika Bagárová Marián Čekovský Patricie Pagáčová Leoš Mareš Seven September 3, 2021 December 19, 2021 10 4 Adam Pavlovčin Elizabeth Kopecká Season 1 Main article: Česko Slovenská SuperStar season 1 Martin Chodúr, the first season winner The first series ran from September to December 2009. Twelve contestants made it to the finals. TOP 12 consisted of 3 Slovak boys, 3 Czech boys, 3 Slovak girls and 3 Czech girls. The first single recorded by TOP 12 is called "Příběh Nekončí / Príbeh Nekončí" (The Story Doesn't End) and it was composed by judge Pavol Habera (music) and Slovak poet Daniel Hevier. Every final night had a different theme. The audience could vote for contestants from the very beginning of the show, voting ended during the result show the following day. There were double eliminations in first two final rounds, with only one contestant being eliminated once the candidates became the TOP 8. All gender and nationality quotas are abolished in the finals. Season 2 Main article: Česko Slovenská SuperStar season 2 The second series ran from February until June in 2011. Twelve contestants made it to the finals. TOP 12 consisted of 3 Slovak boys, 3 Czech boys, 3 Slovak girls and 3 Czech girls. The first single recorded by TOP 12 is called "Nevzdávám" (Ain't Giving Up) and it was composed by judge Pavol Habera (music) and Slovak poet Daniel Hevier. Every final night had a different theme. The audience could vote for contestants from the very beginning of the show, voting ended during the result show the following day. There were double eliminations in first two final rounds, with only one contestant being eliminated once the candidates became the TOP 8. All gender and nationality quotas are abolished in the finals. Season 3 Main article: Česko Slovenská SuperStar season 3 Sabina Křováková, the third season winner The third series, which ran from February until June in 2013, was broadcast on Czech TV Nova and Slovak TV Markíza. The Judges were Czech/Polish singer Ewa Farna, Ondřej Soukup and Slovak singer Paľo Habera. The presenters were Zorka Kepková and Roman Juraško. Twelve contestants made it to the finals. TOP 12 consisted of 2 Slovak boys, 4 Czech boys, 3 Slovak girls and 3 Czech girls. The first single recorded by TOP 12 is called "Při tobě stát / Pri tebe stáť" (To stand for you). Every final night had a different theme. The audience could vote for contestants from the very beginning of the show, voting ended during the result show the same day. Season 4 Main article: Česko Slovenská SuperStar season 4 The fourth series was broadcast on Czech TV Nova and Slovak TV Markíza between August and December, 2015. The Judges were Ondřej Soukup, Marta Jandová, Klára Vytisková and Paľo Habera. The presenter was Martin "Pyco" Rausch. Eight contestants made it to the finals. TOP 8 consisted of 1 Slovak boy, 3 Czech boys, 3 Slovak girls and 1 Czech girl. The first single recorded by TOP 8 is cover version of Česko Slovenská SuperStar 2009 theme song "Príbeh nekončí" (The Story Doesn't End). Every final night had a different theme. The audience could vote for contestants from the very beginning of the show, voting ended during the result show the same day. Season 5 Main article: Česko Slovenská SuperStar season 5 The fifth season began in February on Czech TV Nova and Slovak TV Markíza. Paľo Habera remains as the judge, three new judges are Ben Cristovao, Katarína Knechtová and Matěj Ruppert. The presenters are Jasmína Alagič and Leoš Mareš (since Live shows). TOP 10 consists of 3 Slovak boys, 1 Czech boy, 1 Filipino boy, 2 Slovak girls and 3 Czech girl. Every final night has its theme. Audience can vote for contestants from the very beginning of the show, voting ends during result show on the same day. Season 6 Main article: Česko Slovenská SuperStar season 6 Barbora Piešová, the sixth season winner The sixth season started in the beginning of 2020 on Czech TV Nova and Slovak TV Markíza once again. This was the first season with 5 judges - Paľo Habera remained on the panel while he was joined by Leoš Mareš, one of the former hosts of the show as well as Monika Bagárová, season 1 finalist who finished in 5th place. The remaining two seats on the panel were taken by Marián Čekovský and Patricie Pagáčová. The final shows were filmed live in Studio Jinonice in Prague. Contestant and production members from Slovakia were tested for COVID-19 before they crossed borders of Czech Republic and after return they took quarantine. Contestants from Czech Republic were tested in the Czech Republic and Diana Kovaľová who lives in Spain was tested in Spain. Also judge Pavol Habera was tested in the USA where he was during last weeks. Season 7 Main article: Česko Slovenská SuperStar (season 7) Adam Pavlovčin, the seventh season winner The seventh season started in autumn 2021 on Czech TV Nova and Slovak TV Markíza once again. All judges from last season returned for the first time in history of the show - Paľo Habera, Leoš Mareš, Monika Bagárová, Marián Čekovský and Patricie Pagáčová. After one season without host, this role is returned and all live shows are hosted by singer and former judge from season 3 Ewa Farná. TOP 10 consists of 2 Slovak boys, 4 Czech boys, 2 Slovak girls and 2 Czech girl. Every final night has its theme. Audience can vote for contestants from the very beginning of the show, voting ends during result show on the same day. Receptions Ratings Season Premiered Ended Timeslot (CET) Date Czech RepublicViewers(in millions) SlovakiaViewers(in millions) Viewers(in millions) Date Czech RepublicViewers(in millions) SlovakiaViewers(in millions) Viewers(in millions) 1 September 6, 2009 1.6 0.94 2.5 December 20, 2009 2.54 1.35 3.89 Saturday 8:00 pm(semifinals) Sunday 8:00 pm(performances) Monday 8:00 pm(results) 2 February 20, 2011 0.93 0.89 1.82 June 5, 2011 1.47 0.96 2.43 Saturday 8:00 pm(semifinals) Sunday 8:00 pm(performances) Monday 8:00 pm(results) 3 February 10, 2013 1.00 0.86 1.86 June 2, 2013 0.86 0.64 1.5 Sunday 8:20 pm 4 August 30, 2015 0.76 0.5 1.26 December 6, 2015 0.88 0.6 1.48 Sunday 8:30 pm 5 February 24, 2018 (Czech Republic)February 25, 2018 (Slovakia) 0.77 0.43 1.2 June 10, 2018 0.83 0.49 1.32 Sunday 8:30 pm(finals) 6 February 16, 2020 0.75 0.47 1.22 May 31, 2020 1.02 0.68 1.7 Sunday 8:30 pm 7 September 3, 2021 (Slovakia)September 4, 2021 (Czech Republic) 0.57 0.39 0.96 December 19, 2021 0.69 0.45 1.14 Sunday 8:30 pm(finals) See also Česko Slovenská SuperStar: Výběr finálových hitů X Factor (Czech Republic) The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time References ^ "SuperStar". TV Nova. Retrieved April 29, 2013. ^ "Nova a Markíza uvedou příští rok show SuperStar". Mediaguru. Retrieved December 4, 2019. External links Official Czech homepage hosted by Nova Official Slovak homepage hosted by Markíza vteIdolsList of winnersMain franchiseAfrica East Africa Nigeria West Africa South Africa Americas Brazil Canada Colombia Latin America Puerto Rico United States Asia-Pacific Australia Bangladesh Cambodia China India Hindi Telugu Marathi Indonesia Kurdistan Malaysia Maldives Myanmar Nepal New Zealand Pakistan Philippines ABC GMA ABS-CBN Singapore Vietnam Europe United Kingdom (original) Armenia Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Nova TV RTL Czech Republic and Slovakia Czech Republic Slovakia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece and Cyprus MEGA Alpha TV Iceland Kazakhstan Macedonia Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia and Montenegro Sweden Turkey Middle East Arab League Future TV MBC 1 Iraq Saudi Arabia Junior franchiseAmericas United States (original) Brazil Puerto Rico Asia-Pacific India Indonesia Vietnam Europe Germany Norway Portugal Spain Specials Asian Idol World Idol vteSuperStar Season 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 FinalistsWinners Martin Chodúr Lukáš Adamec Sabina Křováková Emma Drobná Tereza Mašková Barbora Piešová Adam Pavlovčin Runners-up Miroslav Šmajda Gabriela Gunčíková Štefan Pčelár Štěpán Urban Eliška Rusková Diana Kovaľová Elizabeth Kopecká Other alumni Dominika Stará Monika Bagárová Ben Cristovao Debbie Lina Mayer Celeste Buckingham Markéta Konvičková Veronika Stýblová Karmen Pál-Baláž Alena Shirmanova Related programming Idols (franchise)
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Czech","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic"},{"link_name":"Slovak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia"},{"link_name":"Idol series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idol_series"},{"link_name":"Pop Idol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_Idol"},{"link_name":"Česko hledá SuperStar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko_hled%C3%A1_SuperStar"},{"link_name":"SuperStar Search Slovakia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SuperStar_Search_Slovakia"},{"link_name":"Prague","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague"},{"link_name":"Brno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brno"},{"link_name":"Bratislava","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratislava"},{"link_name":"Košice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice"},{"link_name":"TV Nova","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_(Czech_TV)"},{"link_name":"Markíza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%C3%ADza"},{"link_name":"clarification needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify"}],"text":"SuperStar[1] (previously known as Česko Slovenská SuperStar) is a joint Czech-Slovak version of the Idol series' Pop Idol. It was merged from Česko hledá SuperStar and SuperStar Search Slovakia, which previously had three individual seasons each.\nThe first season premiered in September 2009 with castings held in Prague, Brno, Bratislava and Košice. It is broadcast on two channels: «TV Nova» (Czech Republic) and «Markíza» (Slovakia) which have also been the broadcast stations for the individual seasons. Also both hosts have been their hosts countries before[clarification needed] as have been three out of the four judges.\nTo legitimate a fair chance for each country's contestants to reach the final, twelve of the contestants will compete split into genders and nationalities in the semifinals, guaranteeing a 50% share for each country in the top 12.","title":"SuperStar (Czech and Slovak TV series)"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PavolHaberaKraus.jpg"},{"link_name":"Pavol Habera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavol_Habera"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monika_Bag%C3%A1rov%C3%A1_-a2.jpg"},{"link_name":"Monika Bagárová","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monika_Bag%C3%A1rov%C3%A1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mari%C3%A1n_%C4%8Cekovsk%C3%BD_(2013).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Patricie_Pag%C3%A1%C4%8Dov%C3%A1_Praha.jpg"},{"link_name":"Patricie Pagáčová","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricie_Pag%C3%A1%C4%8Dov%C3%A1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:L_Mare%C5%A1_2014.jpg"},{"link_name":"Leoš Mareš","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Mare%C5%A1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ewa_Farna_2018.jpg"},{"link_name":"Ewa Farná","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewa_Farn%C3%A1"}],"text":"Judges and host of the most recent season of SuperStarPavol HaberaMonika BagárováMarián ČekovskýPatricie PagáčováLeoš MarešEwa Farná","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Hosts","text":"Key\n  Host of SuperStar","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Judges","text":"Key\n\n  Judges of SuperStar","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Color keyFemale contestant\n  Male contestant","title":"Series overview"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Martin_Chod%C3%BAr_(2020).jpg"},{"link_name":"Martin Chodúr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chod%C3%BAr"},{"link_name":"first season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko_Slovensk%C3%A1_SuperStar_season_1"}],"sub_title":"Season 1","text":"Martin Chodúr, the first season winnerThe first series ran from September to December 2009. Twelve contestants made it to the finals. TOP 12 consisted of 3 Slovak boys, 3 Czech boys, 3 Slovak girls and 3 Czech girls. The first single recorded by TOP 12 is called \"Příběh Nekončí / Príbeh Nekončí\" (The Story Doesn't End) and it was composed by judge Pavol Habera (music) and Slovak poet Daniel Hevier. Every final night had a different theme. The audience could vote for contestants from the very beginning of the show, voting ended during the result show the following day. There were double eliminations in first two final rounds, with only one contestant being eliminated once the candidates became the TOP 8. All gender and nationality quotas are abolished in the finals.","title":"Series overview"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Season 2","text":"The second series ran from February until June in 2011. Twelve contestants made it to the finals. TOP 12 consisted of 3 Slovak boys, 3 Czech boys, 3 Slovak girls and 3 Czech girls. The first single recorded by TOP 12 is called \"Nevzdávám\" (Ain't Giving Up) and it was composed by judge Pavol Habera (music) and Slovak poet Daniel Hevier. Every final night had a different theme. The audience could vote for contestants from the very beginning of the show, voting ended during the result show the following day. There were double eliminations in first two final rounds, with only one contestant being eliminated once the candidates became the TOP 8. All gender and nationality quotas are abolished in the finals.","title":"Series overview"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sabina_K%C5%99ov%C3%A1kov%C3%A1_2019.jpg"},{"link_name":"third season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko_Slovensk%C3%A1_SuperStar_season_3"}],"sub_title":"Season 3","text":"Sabina Křováková, the third season winnerThe third series, which ran from February until June in 2013, was broadcast on Czech TV Nova and Slovak TV Markíza. The Judges were Czech/Polish singer Ewa Farna, Ondřej Soukup and Slovak singer Paľo Habera. The presenters were Zorka Kepková and Roman Juraško. Twelve contestants made it to the finals. TOP 12 consisted of 2 Slovak boys, 4 Czech boys, 3 Slovak girls and 3 Czech girls. The first single recorded by TOP 12 is called \"Při tobě stát / Pri tebe stáť\" (To stand for you). Every final night had a different theme. The audience could vote for contestants from the very beginning of the show, voting ended during the result show the same day.","title":"Series overview"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Season 4","text":"The fourth series was broadcast on Czech TV Nova and Slovak TV Markíza between August and December, 2015. The Judges were Ondřej Soukup, Marta Jandová, Klára Vytisková and Paľo Habera. The presenter was Martin \"Pyco\" Rausch. Eight contestants made it to the finals. TOP 8 consisted of 1 Slovak boy, 3 Czech boys, 3 Slovak girls and 1 Czech girl. The first single recorded by TOP 8 is cover version of Česko Slovenská SuperStar 2009 theme song \"Príbeh nekončí\" (The Story Doesn't End). Every final night had a different theme. The audience could vote for contestants from the very beginning of the show, voting ended during the result show the same day.","title":"Series overview"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Season 5","text":"The fifth season began in February on Czech TV Nova and Slovak TV Markíza. Paľo Habera remains as the judge, three new judges are Ben Cristovao, Katarína Knechtová and Matěj Ruppert. The presenters are Jasmína Alagič and Leoš Mareš (since Live shows). TOP 10 consists of 3 Slovak boys, 1 Czech boy, 1 Filipino boy, 2 Slovak girls and 3 Czech girl. Every final night has its theme. Audience can vote for contestants from the very beginning of the show, voting ends during result show on the same day.","title":"Series overview"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barbora_Pie%C5%A1ov%C3%A1_2020.jpg"},{"link_name":"sixth season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko_Slovensk%C3%A1_SuperStar_season_6"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Patricie Pagáčová","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricie_Pag%C3%A1%C4%8Dov%C3%A1"},{"link_name":"Prague","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague"},{"link_name":"Slovakia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia"},{"link_name":"COVID-19","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19"},{"link_name":"Czech Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic"}],"sub_title":"Season 6","text":"Barbora Piešová, the sixth season winnerThe sixth season started in the beginning of 2020 on Czech TV Nova and Slovak TV Markíza once again.[2] This was the first season with 5 judges - Paľo Habera remained on the panel while he was joined by Leoš Mareš, one of the former hosts of the show as well as Monika Bagárová, season 1 finalist who finished in 5th place. The remaining two seats on the panel were taken by Marián Čekovský and Patricie Pagáčová. The final shows were filmed live in Studio Jinonice in Prague. Contestant and production members from Slovakia were tested for COVID-19 before they crossed borders of Czech Republic and after return they took quarantine. Contestants from Czech Republic were tested in the Czech Republic and Diana Kovaľová who lives in Spain was tested in Spain. Also judge Pavol Habera was tested in the USA where he was during last weeks.","title":"Series overview"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ADONXS_performing.jpg"},{"link_name":"seventh season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko_Slovensk%C3%A1_SuperStar_season_7"},{"link_name":"Ewa Farná","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewa_Farn%C3%A1"}],"sub_title":"Season 7","text":"Adam Pavlovčin, the seventh season winnerThe seventh season started in autumn 2021 on Czech TV Nova and Slovak TV Markíza once again. All judges from last season returned for the first time in history of the show - Paľo Habera, Leoš Mareš, Monika Bagárová, Marián Čekovský and Patricie Pagáčová. After one season without host, this role is returned and all live shows are hosted by singer and former judge from season 3 Ewa Farná. TOP 10 consists of 2 Slovak boys, 4 Czech boys, 2 Slovak girls and 2 Czech girl. Every final night has its theme. Audience can vote for contestants from the very beginning of the show, voting ends during result show on the same day.","title":"Series overview"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Receptions"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Ratings","title":"Receptions"}]
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[{"title":"Česko Slovenská SuperStar: Výběr finálových hitů","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko_Slovensk%C3%A1_SuperStar:_V%C3%BDb%C4%9Br_fin%C3%A1lov%C3%BDch_hit%C5%AF"},{"title":"X Factor (Czech Republic)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Factor_(Czech_Republic)"},{"title":"The 100 Greatest Slovak Albums of All Time","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_100_Greatest_Slovak_Albums_of_All_Time"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdeacon_of_Tauranga
Anglican Diocese of Waiapu
["1 List of bishops","2 Archdeaconries","3 References","4 External links"]
Coordinates: 39°29′40″S 176°54′59″E / 39.4944°S 176.9165°E / -39.4944; 176.9165 Diocese of WaiapuBishopric Arms of the Diocese of WaiapuIncumbent:Andrew HedgeStyleThe Most ReverendLocationCountryNew ZealandTerritoryNorth IslandEcclesiastical provinceAotearoa, New Zealand and PolynesiaHeadquartersNapierCoordinates39°29′40″S 176°54′59″E / 39.4944°S 176.9165°E / -39.4944; 176.9165InformationFirst holderWilliam WilliamsFormation1858DenominationAnglicanCathedralSaint John's CathedralCurrent leadershipParent churchAnglican CommunionMajor ArchbishopPrimate of New ZealandPīhopa MātāmuaBishopAndrew HedgeWebsitewww.waiapu.com The Diocese of Waiapu is one of the 13 dioceses and hui amorangi (Māori bishoprics) of the Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia. The Diocese covers the area around the East Coast of the North Island of New Zealand, including Tauranga, Taupō, Gisborne, Hastings and Napier. It is named for the Waiapu River. The Diocese was established in 1858. The seat of the Bishop is the Waiapu Cathedral of Saint John the Evangelist, Napier. Andrew Hedge is the current bishop, having been installed on St Luke's Day, 18 October 2014. List of bishops The following individuals have served as the Bishop of Waiapu, or any precursor title: Bishops of Waiapu Ordinal Officeholder Term start Term end Notes 1 William Williams 1859 1876 2 Edward Stuart 1877 1894 3 Leonard Williams 1895 1909 Son of William Williams 4 Alfred Averill 1910 1914 5 William Sedgwick 1914 1929 From 1928 until the 1970s, the Bishop of Aotearoa was a suffragan bishop of Waiapu 6 Herbert Williams 1930 1937 Grandson of William Williams 7 George Gerard 1938 1944 8 George Cruickshank 1945 1946 9 Norman Lesser 1947 1971 Also Archbishop of New Zealand from 1961 10 Paul Reeves 1971 1979 11 Ralph Matthews 1979 1983 12 Peter Atkins 1983 1990 13 Murray Mills 1991 2002 14 John Bluck 2002 2008 15 David Rice 2008 2014 Translated as Bishop of San Joaquin, USA 16 Andrew Hedge 18 October 2014 (2014-10-18) incumbent Archdeaconries In 1866, there were two archdeaconries: A. N. Brown was Archdeacon of Tauranga and Leonard Williams of Waiapu. Archdeacon of Waiapu 1862–?: Leonard Williams David Ruddock Archdeacon of Tauranga ?–1884 (d.): Alfred Brown Samuel Williams References ^ Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia. "About". Retrieved 8 September 2011. ^ Pre 1839 foreigners in NZ ^ Porter, Francis (30 October 2012). "Williams, William Leonard". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 22 September 2013. ^ "Bishop William Leonard Williams". New Zealand Electronic Text Collection. Victoria University of Wellington. Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023. ^ Biggs, Bruce (30 October 2010). "Williams, Herbert William". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 22 September 2013. ^ The Clergy List for 1866 (London: George Cox, 1866) p. 468 ^ a b Jacobs, Henry. "Diocese of Waiapu" (Part IV, Chapter V) in Colonial Church Histories: New Zealand (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1887) (Accessed at Project Canterbury, 25 June 2019) External links Official website Diocese of Waiapu on the official website of the Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia vteBishops of Waiapu William Williams Edward Stuart Leonard Williams Alfred Averill William Sedgwick Herbert Williams George Gerard George Cruickshank Norman Lesser Paul Reeves Ralph Matthews Peter Atkins Murray Mills John Bluck David Rice Andrew Hedge vteAnglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and PolynesiaA list of all the Anglican dioceses, Te Pīhopatanga o Aotearoa, churches and cathedrals in Aotearoa, New Zealand and PolynesiaAotearoa, New ZealandDioceses Auckland Christchurch Dunedin Nelson Waiapu Waikato and Taranaki Wellington Te Pīhopatanga Te Manawa o Te Wheke Te Tairāwhiti Te Tai Tokerau Te Upoko o Te Ika Te Waipounamu Cathedrals Holy Trinity, Auckland St Mary's, Auckland Cardboard, Christchurch St Paul's, Dunedin St Peter's, Hamilton St John's, Napier Christ Church, Nelson Taranaki Old St Paul's, Wellington St Paul's, Wellington Churches Holy Sepulchre, Auckland St John the Evangelist, Auckland St Matthew's, Auckland St Paul's, Auckland St Stephen's, Auckland St Saviour's Christ's College St Michael and All Angels, Christchurch All Saints', Dunedin St Matthew's, Dunedin St James, Franz Josef All Saints', Hokitika All Saints, Howick St James', Kerikeri Good Shepherd, Lake Tekapo Holy Trinity, New Plymouth All Saints, Palmerston North St Paul's, Papanui St Alban's, Pauatahanui Holy Trinity, Port Chalmers Rangiātea Church Christ Church, Russell Christ Church, Taita St Mary's, Timaru St John's Anglican, Trentham St John the Baptist, Waimate North St Michael's, Waimea West St Barnabas, Warrington St Barnabas, Wellington St John the Evangelist, Westport Educational institutions St John's College, Auckland theological college) Cathedral Grammar Christ's College, Christchurch Corran Craighead Diocesan Diocesan School for Girls, Auckland Hadlow Preparatory Huntley King's College King's School Nga Tawa Diocesan Rathkeale St Margaret's St Matthew's Collegiate St Michael's St Paul's Collegiate Samuel Marsden Collegiate Southwell Taranaki Diocesan School for Girls Waikato Diocesan Whanganui Collegiate Former churchesand cathedrals Holy Trinity Avonside ChristChurch, Christchurch Good Shepherd, Christchurch St Luke's, Christchurch St John the Baptist, Christchurch St John's, Hororata St Martin's at St Chad's Tikanga Pasefika Diocese of Polynesia Christianity portal Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF National United States
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"dioceses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese"},{"link_name":"Māori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language"},{"link_name":"bishoprics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishoprics"},{"link_name":"Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_Aotearoa,_New_Zealand_and_Polynesia"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"North Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Island"},{"link_name":"New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Tauranga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauranga"},{"link_name":"Taupō","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taup%C5%8D"},{"link_name":"Gisborne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisborne,_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Hastings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastings,_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Napier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Waiapu River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiapu_River"},{"link_name":"seat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedra"},{"link_name":"Waiapu Cathedral of Saint John the Evangelist, Napier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiapu_Cathedral_of_Saint_John_the_Evangelist,_Napier"},{"link_name":"Andrew Hedge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Hedge"}],"text":"The Diocese of Waiapu is one of the 13 dioceses and hui amorangi (Māori bishoprics) of the Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia.[1] The Diocese covers the area around the East Coast of the North Island of New Zealand, including Tauranga, Taupō, Gisborne, Hastings and Napier. It is named for the Waiapu River.The Diocese was established in 1858. The seat of the Bishop is the Waiapu Cathedral of Saint John the Evangelist, Napier.Andrew Hedge is the current bishop, having been installed on St Luke's Day, 18 October 2014.","title":"Anglican Diocese of Waiapu"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"The following individuals have served as the Bishop of Waiapu, or any precursor title:","title":"List of bishops"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"A. N. Brown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Brown_(missionary)"},{"link_name":"Archdeacon of Tauranga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdeacon_of_Tauranga"},{"link_name":"Leonard Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Williams_(bishop)"},{"link_name":"of Waiapu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdeacon_of_Waiapu"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-jacobs-7"},{"link_name":"Leonard Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Williams_(bishop)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-jacobs-7"},{"link_name":"Alfred Brown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Brown_(missionary)"},{"link_name":"Samuel Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Williams_(missionary)"}],"text":"In 1866, there were two archdeaconries: A. N. Brown was Archdeacon of Tauranga and Leonard Williams of Waiapu.[6]Archdeacon of Waiapu[7]1862–?: Leonard Williams\nDavid RuddockArchdeacon of Tauranga[7]?–1884 (d.): Alfred Brown\nSamuel Williams","title":"Archdeaconries"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia. \"About\". Retrieved 8 September 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.anglican.org.nz/About","url_text":"\"About\""}]},{"reference":"Porter, Francis (30 October 2012). \"Williams, William Leonard\". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 22 September 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/2w24/1","url_text":"\"Williams, William Leonard\""}]},{"reference":"\"Bishop William Leonard Williams\". New Zealand Electronic Text Collection. Victoria University of Wellington. Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/name-209654.html","url_text":"\"Bishop William Leonard Williams\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230201101849/https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/name-209654.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Biggs, Bruce (30 October 2010). \"Williams, Herbert William\". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 22 September 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/3w20/williams-herbert-william","url_text":"\"Williams, Herbert William\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hold_Your_Horses_(Ella_Edmondson_album)
Ella Edmondson
["1 Early life","2 Career","3 Personal life","4 References","5 External links"]
Ella EdmondsonEdmondson in 2009Background informationBirth nameEleanor Rose EdmondsonBorn (1986-01-22) 22 January 1986 (age 38)Hammersmith, London, EnglandGenresFolk popOccupation(s)MusicianInstrument(s) Vocals guitar Years active2007–presentLabelsMonsoonMusical artist Eleanor Rose "Ella" Edmondson (born 22 January 1986) is an English singer-songwriter. Her primary instrument is the guitar although she can also play the piano. Early life Eleanor Rose Edmondson was born on 22 January 1986 in Hammersmith, London. She is the eldest of three daughters of comedians Ade Edmondson and Jennifer Saunders. She has two younger sisters, Beatrice and Freya. The majority of Edmondson's childhood was spent in Richmond, Surrey before her family relocated to Devon. She attended Exeter School where she wrote songs as part of her music GCSE. Career Edmondson became a fan of death metal because it was the only music that her father did not like. She went through a goth phase as a teenager and became a satanist. She worked as a snowboarding instructor in Canada, a barmaid and a painter and decorator before deciding to focus on music full-time after being encouraged by her father. She "got the bug" after supporting Jools Holland at the Plymouth Pavilions. She received her first guitar as a Christmas present from her father and taught herself to play by copying him. Her first gig was at 16 supporting Thousand Natural Shocks in Exeter. She made an appearance in an episode of her mother's sitcom Jam and Jerusalem in 2006 performing "Breathe". In 2007, she released her first EP, Blame Amy, and appeared on the compilation Folk Rising. Her debut album, Hold Your Horses, was released on 16 February 2009, on her father's Monsoon record label. In 2010, she toured as the supporting act to her father's punk-inspired folk act The Bad Shepherds. Personal life Edmondson married Dan Furlong on 30 September 2010 and together they have three children. References ^ Interview with Judi Spiers on BBC Devon, 16 February 2009. ^ a b Sexton, Paul (8 February 2009). "Ella Edmondson, rising star". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2019. ^ a b c d Scott, Caroline (9 November 2008). "Relative Values: Adrian Edmondson and his daughter Ella". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2019. ^ "Comic's Daughter Mourns Death of Soldier Pal Killed in Afghanistan". Wandsworth Guardian. 9 December 2007. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2019. ^ ^ a b McCormick, Neil (7 March 2009). "Ella Edmondson: off to an absolutely fabulous start". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 11 December 2015. ^ "Official biography". Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 21 February 2009. ^ a b CD Times Review of Hold Your Horses Archived 17 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine ^ "The Ectophiles' Guide to Good Music - Ella Edmondson". Ectoguide.org. Retrieved 11 August 2020. ^ "Folk Rising". Amazon.co.uk. 30 July 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2020. ^ "Ella Rose Edmondson (ellaedmondson) on Twitter". Twitter.com. Retrieved 28 July 2014. ^ "Twitter / ellaedmondson: Well I'm now a mother of two". Twitter.com. 11 February 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014. External links Official Site Authority control databases: Artists MusicBrainz
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-b-1"}],"text":"Musical artistEleanor Rose \"Ella\" Edmondson (born 22 January 1986) is an English singer-songwriter. Her primary instrument is the guitar although she can also play the piano.[1]","title":"Ella Edmondson"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hammersmith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammersmith"},{"link_name":"London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London"},{"link_name":"Ade Edmondson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ade_Edmondson"},{"link_name":"Jennifer Saunders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Saunders"},{"link_name":"Beatrice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beattie_Edmondson"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-c-2"},{"link_name":"Richmond, Surrey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_London"},{"link_name":"Devon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devon"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-d-3"},{"link_name":"Exeter School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exeter_School"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-e-4"},{"link_name":"GCSE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-f-5"}],"text":"Eleanor Rose Edmondson was born on 22 January 1986 in Hammersmith, London. She is the eldest of three daughters of comedians Ade Edmondson and Jennifer Saunders. She has two younger sisters, Beatrice and Freya.[2] The majority of Edmondson's childhood was spent in Richmond, Surrey before her family relocated to Devon.[3] She attended Exeter School[4] where she wrote songs as part of her music GCSE.[5]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"death metal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_metal"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-d-3"},{"link_name":"goth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goth_subculture"},{"link_name":"satanist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satanist"},{"link_name":"snowboarding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-c-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-d-3"},{"link_name":"Jools Holland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jools_Holland"},{"link_name":"Plymouth Pavilions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Pavilions"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fabulousstart-6"},{"link_name":"taught herself","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodidacticism"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-d-3"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-h-7"},{"link_name":"Jam and Jerusalem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jam_and_Jerusalem"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-k-8"},{"link_name":"EP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_play"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-i-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-j-10"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-k-8"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fabulousstart-6"},{"link_name":"The Bad Shepherds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bad_Shepherds"}],"text":"Edmondson became a fan of death metal because it was the only music that her father did not like.[3] She went through a goth phase as a teenager and became a satanist. She worked as a snowboarding instructor in Canada, a barmaid and a painter and decorator before deciding to focus on music full-time[2][3] after being encouraged by her father. She \"got the bug\" after supporting Jools Holland at the Plymouth Pavilions.[6]She received her first guitar as a Christmas present from her father and taught herself to play by copying him.[3] Her first gig was at 16 supporting Thousand Natural Shocks in Exeter.[7] She made an appearance in an episode of her mother's sitcom Jam and Jerusalem in 2006 performing \"Breathe\".[8] In 2007, she released her first EP, Blame Amy,[9] and appeared on the compilation Folk Rising.[10] Her debut album, Hold Your Horses, was released on 16 February 2009,[8] on her father's Monsoon record label.[6]In 2010, she toured as the supporting act to her father's punk-inspired folk act The Bad Shepherds.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"Edmondson married Dan Furlong on 30 September 2010 and together they have three children.[11][12]","title":"Personal life"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Brise%C3%B1o
Antonio Briseño
["1 Club career","1.1 Early career","1.2 Atlas","1.3 Tigres UANL","1.4 Feirense","1.5 Guadalajara","2 International career","2.1 Youth","3 Career statistics","3.1 Club","4 Honours","5 References","6 External links"]
Mexican footballer (born 1994) In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Briseño and the second or maternal family name is Vázquez. Antonio Briseño Briseño with Tigres UANL in 2015Personal informationFull name Antonio Briseño VázquezDate of birth (1994-02-05) 5 February 1994 (age 30)Place of birth Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoHeight 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)Position(s) Centre-backTeam informationCurrent team GuadalajaraNumber 4Senior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2011–2014 Atlas 10 (0)2014–2017 Tigres UANL 26 (1)2016 → Juárez (loan) 17 (0)2017 → Veracruz (loan) 13 (0)2017–2019 Feirense 49 (4)2019– Guadalajara 104 (4)International career2011 Mexico U17 9 (1)2012–2013 Mexico U20 11 (2)2014–2016 Mexico U23 3 (0) Medal record Representing  Mexico FIFA U-17 World Cup 2011 Mexico *Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 24 February 2024 Antonio "Pollo" Briseño Vázquez (born 5 February 1994) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Liga MX club Guadalajara. Club career Early career In 2008, Briseño joined the youth academy of Atlas, successfully going through the U-17, U-20 and Premier sides. First team coach Juan Carlos Chávez eventually promoted Briseño to the first team in 2011. Atlas Briseño made his professional league debut with Atlas on September 30, 2011, against Chiapas. He came on as a substitute for Flavio Santos in the 86th minute of the game. During his time at Atlas, Briseño struggled for playing time, and only managed to appear in ten matches for the club. Tigres UANL On 1 July 2014, Briseño was transferred to Tigres UANL. He played the second leg of the finals of the Apertura 2015 season, winning his first professional league title. He also made seven appearances in the 2015 Copa Libertadores as Tigres finished runner-up in the competition. Struggling for playing time, Briseño was sent on loan to Ascenso MX side Juárez in June 2016, and in December 2016 he was loaned out to Veracruz for the Clausura 2017 season. Feirense On 3 July 2017, Primeira Liga club Feirense announced the signing of Briseño on a two-year contract. On September 30, 2017, Briseño made his debut against Boavista. On 7 April 2018, Briseño scored his first goal for Feirense in a 2–2 draw against Braga. Guadalajara On 2 July 2019, Liga MX club Guadalajara announced the signing of Briseño. On 29 July, he scored his first goal with Chivas, in a 2–0 victory against Tigres. International career Youth Briseño was chosen by coach Raúl Gutiérrez to be part of the Mexican squad that would play at the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup, which was to be hosted in Mexico. He captained the team and played in every game, including the final against Uruguay, scoring the first goal in Mexico's 2–0 victory. In 2012, Briseño was selected to represent Mexico at the 2012 Milk Cup held in Northern Ireland. He captained the squad to the final against Denmark, which Mexico won 3–0. Briseño was again selected by coach Sergio Almaguer to be part of the Mexican squad participating in the 2013 CONCACAF U-20 Championship. He played in every match and was named Most Valuable Player of the tournament. Briseño was called up for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Turkey. He also participated in the 2013 Toulon Tournament, with Mexico placing sixth in the competition. Career statistics Club As of 13 March 2024 Club Season League Cup Continental Total Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Atlas 2011–12 Mexican Primera División 3 0 — — 3 0 2012–13 Liga MX 3 0 4 0 — 7 0 2013–14 4 0 13 0 — 17 0 Total 10 0 17 0 — 27 0 Tigres UANL 2014–15 Liga MX 15 0 7 2 7 0 29 2 2015–16 11 1 — 3 1 14 2 Total 26 1 7 2 10 1 43 4 Juárez (loan) 2016–17 Ascenso MX 17 0 5 2 — 22 2 Veracruz (loan) 2016–17 Liga MX 13 0 — — 13 0 Feirense 2017–18 Primeira Liga 15 2 5 0 — 20 2 2018–19 34 2 6 1 — 40 3 Total 49 4 11 1 — 60 5 Guadalajara 2019–20 Liga MX 14 1 3 0 — 17 1 2020–21 24 0 — — 24 0 2021–22 22 0 — — 22 0 2022–23 15 0 — — 15 0 2023–24 29 3 — 6 1 35 4 Total 104 4 3 0 6 1 113 5 Career Total 219 9 43 5 16 2 278 16 ^ Appearances in Copa Libertadores ^ Appearances in CONCACAF Champions Cup ^ Two appearances and one goal in Leagues Cup, four appearances in CONCACAF Champions Cup Honours Tigres UANL Liga MX: Apertura 2015 Mexico Youth FIFA U-17 World Cup: 2011 CONCACAF U-20 Championship: 2013 Central American and Caribbean Games: 2014 Individual CONCACAF U-20 Championship Most Valuable Player: 2013 CONCACAF U-20 Championship Bext XI: 2013 References ^ "FIFA U-20 World Cup Turkey 2013 List of Players: Mexico" (PDF). FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 23 June 2013. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2013. ^ *Antonio Briseño – Liga MX stats at MedioTiempo.com (archived) (in Spanish) ^ "Antonio Briseño Vázquez". Ligamx.net (in Spanish). LIGA BBVA Bancomer MX. Retrieved 2017-11-04. ^ "JAGUARES 1 - 1 ATLAS". Medio Tiempo. 30 September 2011. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013. ^ "Briseño peleara por ser titular". Club Atlas. 12 December 2012. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 11 June 2013. ^ Juárez, Nathalie (2014-07-17). "Tigres presenta a sus refuerzos para el Apertura". Record.com.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-01-29. ^ Marín, Andre (2016-06-09). "Antonio 'Pollo' Briseño también pasa de Tigres a los Bravos de Juárez". X (formerly known as Twitter). Retrieved 2024-01-29. ^ Agencias (2016-12-07). "Veracruz se refuerza con Antonio Briseño". El Siglo de Durango (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-01-29. ^ "Briseño É O Novo Reforço Do Feirense!". www.cdfeirense.pt (in Portuguese). 3 July 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017. ^ ""Pollo" Briseño es del Rebaño". ESTO (in Spanish). 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2024-01-29. ^ "Antonio Briseño lloró por su primer gol con Chivas". ESPNdeportes.com (in Spanish). 2019-07-28. Retrieved 2024-01-29. ^ "FIFA U-17 World Cup Mexico 2011™: Mexico". www.fifa.com. Retrieved 2024-01-29. ^ "Elite Finals Roundup (2012)". Milk Cup. 26 July 2012. Archived from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013. ^ "Federación Mexicana de Fútbol Asociación, A. C." Archived from the original on 2012-07-29. Retrieved 2013-06-12. ^ "U-20 Championship Best Eleven revealed". CONCACAF.com. 4 March 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-03-05. Retrieved 4 March 2013. ^ "FIFA U-20 World Cup Turkey 2013™: Mexico". www.fifa.com. Retrieved 2024-01-29. ^ "Antonio Briseño". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 August 2019. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Antonio Briseño. Antonio Briseño at ESPN FC Antonio Briseño at FBref.com Antonio Briseño at FootballDatabase.eu Antonio Briseño at WorldFootball.net Antonio Briseño on X vteC.D. Guadalajara – current squad 2 Mozo 3 Sepúlveda 4 Briseño 5 Guzmán (c) 6 Pérez 7 Ríos 9 Macías 11 Brizuela 13 Orozco 14 Hernández 15 Gutiérrez 16 Cowell 17 Sánchez 18 R. Cisneros 19 Marín 20 Beltrán 21 Castillo 24 C. Cisneros 25 Alvarado 27 Rangel 28 F. González 29 Torres 30 Whalley 31 Padilla 32 Brígido 33 Martínez 34 A. González Manager: Gago vteCONCACAF Under-20 Championship awardsMost Valuable Player 2013: Briseño 2015: Pereira 2017: Palmer-Brown 2018: Mendez 2022: Aaronson Golden Boot 2009: Edwini-Bonsu, Martínez & Rojas 2011: Campbell 2013: Ramírez 2015: Gall & Lozano 2017: Cisneros 2018: Macías 2022: Aaronson Golden Glove 2013: Sánchez 2015: De Gracia 2017: Klinsmann 2018: Scott 2022: Brady
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Spanish name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_name"},{"link_name":"surname","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname"},{"link_name":"footballer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football"},{"link_name":"centre-back","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defender_(association_football)#Centre-back"},{"link_name":"Liga MX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_MX"},{"link_name":"Guadalajara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.D._Guadalajara"}],"text":"In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Briseño and the second or maternal family name is Vázquez.Antonio \"Pollo\" Briseño Vázquez (born 5 February 1994) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Liga MX club Guadalajara.","title":"Antonio Briseño"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Club career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"youth academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_Atlas_Reserves_and_Academy"},{"link_name":"Atlas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_F.C."},{"link_name":"Premier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_Atlas_Premier"},{"link_name":"Juan Carlos Chávez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_Ch%C3%A1vez"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"sub_title":"Early career","text":"In 2008, Briseño joined the youth academy of Atlas, successfully going through the U-17, U-20 and Premier sides. First team coach Juan Carlos Chávez eventually promoted Briseño to the first team in 2011.[3]","title":"Club career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"league","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_MX"},{"link_name":"Chiapas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiapas_F.C."},{"link_name":"Flavio Santos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavio_Santos"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"sub_title":"Atlas","text":"Briseño made his professional league debut with Atlas on September 30, 2011, against Chiapas. He came on as a substitute for Flavio Santos in the 86th minute of the game.[4]\nDuring his time at Atlas, Briseño struggled for playing time, and only managed to appear in ten matches for the club.[5]","title":"Club career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tigres UANL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigres_UANL"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"2015 Copa Libertadores","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Copa_Libertadores"},{"link_name":"Ascenso MX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascenso_MX"},{"link_name":"Juárez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Ju%C3%A1rez"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Veracruz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.D._Veracruz"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"sub_title":"Tigres UANL","text":"On 1 July 2014, Briseño was transferred to Tigres UANL.[6] He played the second leg of the finals of the Apertura 2015 season, winning his first professional league title. He also made seven appearances in the 2015 Copa Libertadores as Tigres finished runner-up in the competition.Struggling for playing time, Briseño was sent on loan to Ascenso MX side Juárez in June 2016,[7] and in December 2016 he was loaned out to Veracruz for the Clausura 2017 season.[8]","title":"Club career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Primeira Liga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeira_Liga"},{"link_name":"Feirense","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.D._Feirense"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Boavista","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boavista_F.C."},{"link_name":"Braga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.C._Braga"}],"sub_title":"Feirense","text":"On 3 July 2017, Primeira Liga club Feirense announced the signing of Briseño on a two-year contract.[9] On September 30, 2017, Briseño made his debut against Boavista.On 7 April 2018, Briseño scored his first goal for Feirense in a 2–2 draw against Braga.","title":"Club career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Liga MX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_MX"},{"link_name":"Guadalajara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.D._Guadalajara"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"sub_title":"Guadalajara","text":"On 2 July 2019, Liga MX club Guadalajara announced the signing of Briseño.[10] On 29 July, he scored his first goal with Chivas, in a 2–0 victory against Tigres.[11]","title":"Club career"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"International career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Raúl Gutiérrez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Guti%C3%A9rrez"},{"link_name":"2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_FIFA_U-17_World_Cup"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Uruguay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_national_under-17_football_team"},{"link_name":"2012 Milk Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Milk_Cup"},{"link_name":"Northern Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Denmark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_national_under-19_football_team"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Sergio Almaguer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio_Almaguer"},{"link_name":"2013 CONCACAF U-20 Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_CONCACAF_U-20_Championship"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_FIFA_U-20_World_Cup"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"2013 Toulon Tournament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Toulon_Tournament"}],"sub_title":"Youth","text":"Briseño was chosen by coach Raúl Gutiérrez to be part of the Mexican squad that would play at the 2011 FIFA U-17 World Cup,[12] which was to be hosted in Mexico. He captained the team and played in every game, including the final against Uruguay, scoring the first goal in Mexico's 2–0 victory.In 2012, Briseño was selected to represent Mexico at the 2012 Milk Cup held in Northern Ireland. He captained the squad to the final against Denmark, which Mexico won 3–0.[13][14] Briseño was again selected by coach Sergio Almaguer to be part of the Mexican squad participating in the 2013 CONCACAF U-20 Championship. He played in every match and was named Most Valuable Player of the tournament.[15] Briseño was called up for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Turkey.[16] He also participated in the 2013 Toulon Tournament, with Mexico placing sixth in the competition.","title":"International career"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Career statistics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-CL_18-0"},{"link_name":"Copa Libertadores","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copa_Libertadores"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-CCC_19-0"},{"link_name":"CONCACAF Champions Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONCACAF_Champions_Cup"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-20"},{"link_name":"Leagues Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leagues_Cup"}],"sub_title":"Club","text":"As of 13 March 2024[17]^ Appearances in Copa Libertadores\n\n^ Appearances in CONCACAF Champions Cup\n\n^ Two appearances and one goal in Leagues Cup, four appearances in CONCACAF Champions Cup","title":"Career statistics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Liga MX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_MX"},{"link_name":"Apertura 2015","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Liga_MX_season#Torneo_Apertura"},{"link_name":"FIFA U-17 World Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_U-17_World_Cup"},{"link_name":"2011","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_FIFA_U-17_World_Cup"},{"link_name":"CONCACAF U-20 Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONCACAF_U-20_Championship"},{"link_name":"2013","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_CONCACAF_U-20_Championship"},{"link_name":"Central American and Caribbean Games","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games"},{"link_name":"2014","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_2014_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games"},{"link_name":"CONCACAF U-20 Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONCACAF_U-20_Championship"},{"link_name":"2013","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_CONCACAF_U-20_Championship"},{"link_name":"CONCACAF U-20 Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONCACAF_U-20_Championship"},{"link_name":"2013","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_CONCACAF_U-20_Championship"}],"text":"Tigres UANLLiga MX: Apertura 2015Mexico YouthFIFA U-17 World Cup: 2011\nCONCACAF U-20 Championship: 2013\nCentral American and Caribbean Games: 2014IndividualCONCACAF U-20 Championship Most Valuable Player: 2013\nCONCACAF U-20 Championship Bext XI: 2013","title":"Honours"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"FIFA U-20 World Cup Turkey 2013 List of Players: Mexico\" (PDF). FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 23 June 2013. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130627043508/http://www.fifadata.com/document/FWYC/2013/pdf/FWYC_2013_SquadLists.pdf","url_text":"\"FIFA U-20 World Cup Turkey 2013 List of Players: Mexico\""},{"url":"http://www.fifadata.com/document/FWYC/2013/pdf/FWYC_2013_SquadLists.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Antonio Briseño Vázquez\". Ligamx.net (in Spanish). LIGA BBVA Bancomer MX. Retrieved 2017-11-04.","urls":[{"url":"http://ligamx.net/cancha/jugador/74138/antonio-briseno-vazquez","url_text":"\"Antonio Briseño Vázquez\""}]},{"reference":"\"JAGUARES 1 - 1 ATLAS\". Medio Tiempo. 30 September 2011. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20130128090442/http://www.mediotiempo.com/ficha.php?id_partido=35687","url_text":"\"JAGUARES 1 - 1 ATLAS\""},{"url":"http://www.mediotiempo.com/ficha.php?id_partido=35687","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Briseño peleara por ser titular\". Club Atlas. 12 December 2012. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 11 June 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085148/http://futbol.atlas.com.mx/briseno-peleara-por-ser-titular/","url_text":"\"Briseño peleara por ser titular\""},{"url":"http://futbol.atlas.com.mx/briseno-peleara-por-ser-titular/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Juárez, Nathalie (2014-07-17). \"Tigres presenta a sus refuerzos para el Apertura\". Record.com.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-01-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.record.com.mx/futbol-futbol-nacional-tigres/tigres-presenta-sus-refuerzos-para-el-apertura","url_text":"\"Tigres presenta a sus refuerzos para el Apertura\""}]},{"reference":"Marín, Andre (2016-06-09). \"Antonio 'Pollo' Briseño también pasa de Tigres a los Bravos de Juárez\". X (formerly known as Twitter). Retrieved 2024-01-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://twitter.com/andremarinpuig/status/741010323029659648","url_text":"\"Antonio 'Pollo' Briseño también pasa de Tigres a los Bravos de Juárez\""}]},{"reference":"Agencias (2016-12-07). \"Veracruz se refuerza con Antonio Briseño\". El Siglo de Durango (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-01-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/2016/veracruz-se-refuerza-con-antonio-briseno.html","url_text":"\"Veracruz se refuerza con Antonio Briseño\""}]},{"reference":"\"Briseño É O Novo Reforço Do Feirense!\". www.cdfeirense.pt (in Portuguese). 3 July 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.cdfeirense.pt/site/briseno-novo-reforco-feirense/","url_text":"\"Briseño É O Novo Reforço Do Feirense!\""}]},{"reference":"\"\"Pollo\" Briseño es del Rebaño\". ESTO (in Spanish). 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2024-01-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://esto.com.mx/438836-antonio-briseno-guadalajara-chivas-rebano-sagrado-anuncio-oficial-altas-bajas-rumores-transferencias-ultimas-noticias-futbol-mexicano-liga-mx/","url_text":"\"\"Pollo\" Briseño es del Rebaño\""}]},{"reference":"\"Antonio Briseño lloró por su primer gol con Chivas\". ESPNdeportes.com (in Spanish). 2019-07-28. Retrieved 2024-01-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://espndeportes.espn.com/futbol/mexico/nota/_/id/5886880/antonio-briseno-lloro-por-su-primer-gol-con-chivas","url_text":"\"Antonio Briseño lloró por su primer gol con Chivas\""}]},{"reference":"\"FIFA U-17 World Cup Mexico 2011™: Mexico\". www.fifa.com. Retrieved 2024-01-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/u17worldcup/mexico2011/teams/1882399","url_text":"\"FIFA U-17 World Cup Mexico 2011™: Mexico\""}]},{"reference":"\"Elite Finals Roundup (2012)\". Milk Cup. 26 July 2012. Archived from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130809104435/http://nimilkcup.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=221%3Aelite-finals-roundup-2012&catid=3%3Anewsflash","url_text":"\"Elite Finals Roundup (2012)\""},{"url":"http://www.nimilkcup.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=221:elite-finals-roundup-2012&catid=3:newsflash","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Federación Mexicana de Fútbol Asociación, A. C.\" Archived from the original on 2012-07-29. Retrieved 2013-06-12.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120729233503/http://www.femexfut.org.mx/portalv2/aspx/WEB_DetalleNoticia.aspx?pnIDNtca=39698","url_text":"\"Federación Mexicana de Fútbol Asociación, A. C.\""},{"url":"http://www.femexfut.org.mx/portalv2/aspx/WEB_DetalleNoticia.aspx?pnIDNtca=39698","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"U-20 Championship Best Eleven revealed\". CONCACAF.com. 4 March 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-03-05. Retrieved 4 March 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130305173312/http://www.concacaf.com/page/Under20s/NewsDetail/0,,12813~3096562,00.html","url_text":"\"U-20 Championship Best Eleven revealed\""},{"url":"http://www.concacaf.com/page/Under20s/NewsDetail/0,,12813~3096562,00.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"FIFA U-20 World Cup Turkey 2013™: Mexico\". www.fifa.com. Retrieved 2024-01-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/u20/turkey2013/teams/1888278","url_text":"\"FIFA U-20 World Cup Turkey 2013™: Mexico\""}]},{"reference":"\"Antonio Briseño\". Soccerway. Retrieved 9 August 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://int.soccerway.com/players/antonio-briseno/193392/","url_text":"\"Antonio Briseño\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_origin
Human origins
[]
Human origins may refer to:: Anthropogeny, the study of human origins Creation myth, a symbolic narrative of human origins Human evolution, the phenotypic history of the genus Homo Monogenism, a theory of human origins Polygenism, a theory of human origins Recent African origin of modern humans, location related human origins Multiregional origin of modern humans, multi-location related human origins Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Human origins.If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Anthropogeny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropogeny"},{"link_name":"Creation myth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation_myth"},{"link_name":"Human evolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolution"},{"link_name":"Monogenism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogenism"},{"link_name":"Polygenism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenism"},{"link_name":"Recent African origin of modern humans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans"},{"link_name":"Multiregional origin of modern humans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiregional_origin_of_modern_humans"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Disambig_gray.svg"},{"link_name":"disambiguation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Disambiguation"},{"link_name":"internal link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Human_origins&namespace=0"}],"text":"Anthropogeny, the study of human origins\nCreation myth, a symbolic narrative of human origins\nHuman evolution, the phenotypic history of the genus Homo\nMonogenism, a theory of human origins\nPolygenism, a theory of human origins\nRecent African origin of modern humans, location related human origins\nMultiregional origin of modern humans, multi-location related human originsTopics referred to by the same termThis disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Human origins.If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.","title":"Human origins"}]
[]
null
[]
[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Human_origins&namespace=0","external_links_name":"internal link"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Vashkel
Dmitry Vashkel
["1 References","2 External links"]
Belarusian footballer Dmitry VashkelPersonal informationDate of birth (1993-01-03) 3 January 1993 (age 31)Place of birth Sharkawshchyna, Vitebsk Oblast, BelarusHeight 1.84 m (6 ft 1⁄2 in)Position(s) MidfielderTeam informationCurrent team Krumkachy MinskYouth career2011–2013 Naftan NovopolotskSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2013 Naftan Novopolotsk 2 (0)2014–2015 Volna Pinsk 28 (0)2015–2016 Khimik Svetlogorsk 32 (5)2017–2020 Lokomotiv Gomel 103 (10)2022 Ostrovets 19 (1)2023 Maxline Vitebsk 14 (1)2023– Krumkachy Minsk 12 (3) *Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 31 December 2023 Dmitry Vashkel (Belarusian: Дзмiтры Вашкель; Russian: Дмитрий Вашкель; born 3 January 1993) is a Belarusian footballer playing currently for Krumkachy Minsk. References ^ Dmitry Vashkel at FootballFacts.ru (in Russian) External links Dmitry Vashkel at Soccerway Dmitry Vashkel at FootballFacts.ru (in Russian) Profile at Naftan website This biographical article related to a football midfielder from Belarus is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
null
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood/Vine_(Los_Angeles_Metro_station)
Hollywood/Vine station
["1 History","1.1 Transit-oriented development","2 Service","2.1 Station layout","2.2 Hours and frequency","2.3 Connections","3 Design","4 References"]
Coordinates: 34°06′06″N 118°19′37″W / 34.101667°N 118.326944°W / 34.101667; -118.326944Los Angeles Metro Rail station Hollywood/Vine Hollywood/Vine station platformGeneral informationLocation6250 Hollywood BoulevardLos Angeles, CaliforniaCoordinates34°06′06″N 118°19′37″W / 34.101667°N 118.326944°W / 34.101667; -118.326944Owned byLos Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation AuthorityPlatforms1 island platformTracks2ConnectionsLos Angeles Metro BusLADOT DASHConstructionStructure typeUndergroundParkingPaid parking nearbyBicycle facilitiesMetro Bike Share station, Metro Bike Hub, and racksHistoryOpenedJune 12, 1999; 25 years ago (1999-06-12)Services Preceding station Metro Rail Following station Hollywood/Highlandtoward North Hollywood B Line Hollywood/Westerntoward Union Station Location Hollywood/Vine station is an underground rapid transit (known locally as a subway) station on the B Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is located below the iconic Hollywood and Vine intersection of Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street, after which the station is named, in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood. The central station of the three subway stops in Hollywood, within walking distance of many important Hollywood landmarks including the Capitol Records Building, CBS Columbia Square, The Fonda Theatre, Hollywood Palladium and Pantages Theatre. The station is also below the Hollywood Walk of Fame and close to the Gower Gulch. History Hollywood/Vine opened on June 12, 1999, as the western terminus of the northern branch of the Red Line. Upon the opening of the westward extension to North Hollywood in 2000, it lost its title as the end of the line. Transit-oriented development In accordance with Metro's initiatives to spur transit-oriented development around its stations, Hollywood/Vine has become a prime target for regeneration. The W Hotel opened a 300-room location in a 2.3-acre (0.93 ha) mixed-use site with condominiums and 30,000 sq ft (2,790 m2) of street retail space. In addition, the 1600 Vine complex to the south contains 375 apartments and 28,000 sq ft (2,600 m2) of street-level retail. Service Station layout Hollywood/Vine is a two-story station; the top level is a mezzanine with ticket machines while the bottom is the platform level. The station uses a simple island platform with two tracks. G Street level Entrance/Exit B1 Mezzanine Faregates, ticket machines, to Entrance/Exit B2 Northbound ← B Line toward North Hollywood (Hollywood/Highland) Island platform, doors will open on the left Southbound → B Line toward Union Station (Hollywood/Western) → Hours and frequency B Line trains run every day between approximately 4:30 a.m. and midnight. Trains operate every 12 minutes during peak hours. Early morning and night service is approximately every 20 minutes. Connections As of December 11, 2022, the following connections are available: Los Angeles Metro Bus: 180, 210, 212, 217, 222 LADOT DASH: Beachwood Canyon, Hollywood, Hollywood/Wilshire Design View from the mezzanine level Respected Southern California based architect Adolfo E. Miralles, FAIA was selected to design this landmark station. Each B Line station was assigned a professional artist to design original art. Local Los Angeles Chicano artist Gilbert Luján (aka Magu) was selected to create the artwork for this station. "Light" was one of the central themes of the station because of its pervasiveness in Hollywood, from stars to light that passes through projectors to show films to the sun in sunny southern California. Cultural motifs in the form of So Cal cultural icons are also prevalent throughout the myriad of ceramic tiles lining the walls of the corridors as passengers descend into the railway tunnel. Benches for waiting passengers were fashioned as classic car lowriders on pedestals. The station has, perhaps, the most detail and decorations of any station in the entire Metro system. This station is among the most pleasant and "fun" stations and tourists may find this station the most enjoyable. Other features include two movie projectors donated by Paramount Pictures pointed towards a representation of a movie screen flanked by large curtains. The ceiling of the station is covered with empty film reels. Pillars that provide support for the station are designed to look like palm trees, and beneath the handrail of the stairs are musical notes for the famed song "Hooray for Hollywood." Passengers making their way to the street follow the "Yellow Brick Road" while passing many colored tiles that depict icons or represent southern California lifestyle. Station head house (at right) and vicinity References ^ "Station Map". Metro Bike Share. Archived from the original on January 2, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2021. ^ "Secure Bike Parking on Metro" (PDF). Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2021. ^ Metro's transit-oriented development program Archived 2017-03-02 at the Wayback Machine LACMTA Retrieved June 6, 2011 ^ "Metro B Line schedule". Metro. September 12, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021. ^ "B & D Line Timetable – Connections section" (PDF). Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 11, 2022. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022. ^ "Ask Chris: I Was Waiting for the Subway at the Hollywood and Vine Metro Station and Noticed the Ceiling is Decorated with Thousands of Old Film Reels. Where Did Those Come From? Los Angeles Magazine". 29 December 2014. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022. Media related to Hollywood/Vine (Los Angeles Metro station) at Wikimedia Commons vte Los Angeles Metro Rail and Busway stations A Line Pomona La Verne San Dimas Glendora APU/Citrus College Azusa Downtown Irwindale Duarte/City of Hope Monrovia Arcadia Sierra Madre Villa Allen Lake Memorial Park Del Mar Fillmore South Pasadena Highland Park Southwest Museum Heritage Square Lincoln/Cypress Chinatown Union Station Little Tokyo/Arts District Historic Broadway Grand Avenue Arts/Bunker Hill 7th Street/Metro Center Pico Grand/LATTC San Pedro Street Washington Vernon Slauson Florence Firestone 103rd Street/Watts Towers Willowbrook/Rosa Parks Compton Artesia Del Amo Wardlow Willow Street Pacific Coast Highway Anaheim Street 5th Street 1st Street Downtown Long Beach Pacific Avenue B Line North Hollywood Universal City/Studio City Hollywood/Highland Hollywood/Vine Hollywood/Western Vermont/Sunset Vermont/Santa Monica Vermont/Beverly Wilshire/Vermont Westlake/​MacArthur Park 7th Street/Metro Center Pershing Square Civic Center/Grand Park Union Station C Line LAX/Metro Transit Center Aviation/Century Redondo Beach Douglas El Segundo Mariposa Aviation/LAX Hawthorne/Lennox Crenshaw Vermont/Athens Harbor Freeway Avalon Willowbrook/Rosa Parks Long Beach Boulevard Lakewood Boulevard Norwalk D Line Westwood/VA Hospital Westwood/UCLA Century City/Constellation Wilshire/Rodeo Wilshire/La Cienega Wilshire/Fairfax Wilshire/La Brea Wilshire/Western Wilshire/Normandie Wilshire/Vermont Westlake/​MacArthur Park 7th Street/Metro Center Pershing Square Civic Center/Grand Park Union Station E Line Downtown Santa Monica 17th Street/SMC 26th Street/Bergamot Expo/Bundy Expo/Sepulveda Westwood/Rancho Park Palms Culver City La Cienega/Jefferson Expo/La Brea Farmdale Expo/Crenshaw Expo/Western Expo/Vermont Expo Park/USC Jefferson/USC LATTC/Ortho Institute Pico 7th Street/Metro Center Grand Avenue Arts/Bunker Hill Historic Broadway Little Tokyo/Arts District Pico/Aliso Mariachi Plaza Soto Indiana Maravilla East LA Civic Center Atlantic G Line Chatsworth Nordhoff Roscoe Sherman Way Canoga De Soto Pierce College Tampa Reseda Balboa Woodley Sepulveda Van Nuys Woodman Valley College Laurel Canyon North Hollywood J Line El Monte Cal State LA LA General Medical Center Union Station 37th Street/USC Slauson Manchester Harbor Freeway Rosecrans Harbor Gateway Carson Pacific Coast Highway K Line Expo/Crenshaw Martin Luther King Jr. Leimert Park Hyde Park Fairview Heights Downtown Inglewood Westchester/Veterans LAX/Metro Transit Center Aviation/Century Mariposa El Segundo Douglas Redondo Beach List of Metro Rail stations List of Metro Busway stationsItalics denote future stations
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"rapid transit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit"},{"link_name":"B Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_Line_(Los_Angeles_Metro)"},{"link_name":"Los Angeles Metro Rail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Metro_Rail"},{"link_name":"Hollywood and Vine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_and_Vine"},{"link_name":"Hollywood Boulevard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Boulevard"},{"link_name":"Vine Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vine_Street"},{"link_name":"Hollywood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood,_California"},{"link_name":"Capitol Records Building","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Records_Building"},{"link_name":"CBS Columbia Square","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Columbia_Square"},{"link_name":"The Fonda Theatre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fonda_Theatre"},{"link_name":"Hollywood Palladium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Palladium"},{"link_name":"Pantages Theatre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantages_Theatre_(Hollywood)"},{"link_name":"Hollywood Walk of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame"},{"link_name":"Gower Gulch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gower_Gulch"}],"text":"Los Angeles Metro Rail stationHollywood/Vine station is an underground rapid transit (known locally as a subway) station on the B Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is located below the iconic Hollywood and Vine intersection of Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street, after which the station is named, in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood.The central station of the three subway stops in Hollywood, within walking distance of many important Hollywood landmarks including the Capitol Records Building, CBS Columbia Square, The Fonda Theatre, Hollywood Palladium and Pantages Theatre. The station is also below the Hollywood Walk of Fame and close to the Gower Gulch.","title":"Hollywood/Vine station"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"North Hollywood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Hollywood_station"}],"text":"Hollywood/Vine opened on June 12, 1999, as the western terminus of the northern branch of the Red Line. Upon the opening of the westward extension to North Hollywood in 2000, it lost its title as the end of the line.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"transit-oriented development","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit-oriented_development"},{"link_name":"W Hotel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_Hotel"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tod1-3"}],"sub_title":"Transit-oriented development","text":"In accordance with Metro's initiatives to spur transit-oriented development around its stations, Hollywood/Vine has become a prime target for regeneration. The W Hotel opened a 300-room location in a 2.3-acre (0.93 ha) mixed-use site with condominiums and 30,000 sq ft (2,790 m2) of street retail space. In addition, the 1600 Vine complex to the south contains 375 apartments and 28,000 sq ft (2,600 m2) of street-level retail.[3]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Service"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"island platform","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_platform"}],"sub_title":"Station layout","text":"Hollywood/Vine is a two-story station; the top level is a mezzanine with ticket machines while the bottom is the platform level. The station uses a simple island platform with two tracks.","title":"Service"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"sub_title":"Hours and frequency","text":"B Line trains run every day between approximately 4:30 a.m. and midnight. Trains operate every 12 minutes during peak hours. Early morning and night service is approximately every 20 minutes.[4]","title":"Service"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hollywood/Vine_station&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Los Angeles Metro Bus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Metro_Bus"},{"link_name":"180","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Metro_Bus#180"},{"link_name":"210","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Metro_Bus#210"},{"link_name":"212","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Metro_Bus#212"},{"link_name":"217","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Metro_Bus#217"},{"link_name":"222","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Metro_Bus#222"},{"link_name":"LADOT DASH","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LADOT_DASH"}],"sub_title":"Connections","text":"As of December 11, 2022[update], the following connections are available:[5]Los Angeles Metro Bus: 180, 210, 212, 217, 222\nLADOT DASH: Beachwood Canyon, Hollywood, Hollywood/Wilshire","title":"Service"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HSY-_Los_Angeles_Metro,_Hollywood-Vine,_Upper_Floor_View.jpg"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Gilbert Luján","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Luj%C3%A1n"},{"link_name":"Paramount Pictures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Pictures"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hollywood-Vine_headhouse_panoramic_2016.jpg"},{"link_name":"head house","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_house"}],"text":"View from the mezzanine levelRespected Southern California based architect Adolfo E. Miralles, FAIA was selected to design this landmark station.[6] Each B Line station was assigned a professional artist to design original art. Local Los Angeles Chicano artist Gilbert Luján (aka Magu) was selected to create the artwork for this station. \"Light\" was one of the central themes of the station because of its pervasiveness in Hollywood, from stars to light that passes through projectors to show films to the sun in sunny southern California. Cultural motifs in the form of So Cal cultural icons are also prevalent throughout the myriad of ceramic tiles lining the walls of the corridors as passengers descend into the railway tunnel. Benches for waiting passengers were fashioned as classic car lowriders on pedestals.The station has, perhaps, the most detail and decorations of any station in the entire Metro system. This station is among the most pleasant and \"fun\" stations and tourists may find this station the most enjoyable. Other features include two movie projectors donated by Paramount Pictures pointed towards a representation of a movie screen flanked by large curtains. The ceiling of the station is covered with empty film reels. Pillars that provide support for the station are designed to look like palm trees, and beneath the handrail of the stairs are musical notes for the famed song \"Hooray for Hollywood.\" Passengers making their way to the street follow the \"Yellow Brick Road\" while passing many colored tiles that depict icons or represent southern California lifestyle.Station head house (at right) and vicinity","title":"Design"}]
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null
[{"reference":"\"Station Map\". Metro Bike Share. Archived from the original on January 2, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://bikeshare.metro.net/stations/","url_text":"\"Station Map\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Bike_Share","url_text":"Metro Bike Share"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220102233640/https://bikeshare.metro.net/stations/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Secure Bike Parking on Metro\" (PDF). Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210906210731/https://bikehub.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/20-2070_Secure_Bike_Parking_Master_Map_jp-ENG.pdf","url_text":"\"Secure Bike Parking on Metro\""},{"url":"https://bikehub.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/20-2070_Secure_Bike_Parking_Master_Map_jp-ENG.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Metro B Line schedule\". Metro. September 12, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.metro.net/riding/schedules/?line=802","url_text":"\"Metro B Line schedule\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority","url_text":"Metro"}]},{"reference":"\"B & D Line Timetable – Connections section\" (PDF). Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 11, 2022. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://cdn.beta.metro.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/08202420/802_TT_12-11-22.pdf","url_text":"\"B & D Line Timetable – Connections section\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221214204723/https://cdn.beta.metro.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/08202420/802_TT_12-11-22.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Ask Chris: I Was Waiting for the Subway at the Hollywood and Vine Metro Station and Noticed the Ceiling is Decorated with Thousands of Old Film Reels. Where Did Those Come From? Los Angeles Magazine\". 29 December 2014. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.lamag.com/askchris/ask-chris-waiting-subway-hollywood-vine-metro-station-noticed-ceiling-decorated-thousands-old-film-reels-come/","url_text":"\"Ask Chris: I Was Waiting for the Subway at the Hollywood and Vine Metro Station and Noticed the Ceiling is Decorated with Thousands of Old Film Reels. Where Did Those Come From? Los Angeles Magazine\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220927181036/https://www.lamag.com/askchris/ask-chris-waiting-subway-hollywood-vine-metro-station-noticed-ceiling-decorated-thousands-old-film-reels-come/","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indosphenia
Indosphenia
["1 References"]
Genus of bivalves Indosphenia Indosphenia kayalum Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Bivalvia Order: Myida Family: Myidae Genus: IndospheniaOliver, Hallan & Jayachandran, 2018 Indosphenia is a genus of bivalves belonging to the family Myidae. This genus is mainly distributed in the fragmented brackish water habitats of India including Chilka Lake and Cochin (kochi) backwaters. Species: Indosphenia abbreviata (Preston, 1907) Indosphenia cochinensis (Preston, 1916) Indosphenia kayalum Oliver, Hallan & Jayachandran, 2018 Indosphenia sowerbyi (Smith, 1893) References Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indosphenia. Wikispecies has information related to Indosphenia. ^ a b "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Indosphenia P. G. Oliver, Hallan & Jayachandran, 2018". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 11 May 2021. Taxon identifiersIndosphenia Wikidata: Q65561525 BOLD: 901213 CoL: 7P5RL GBIF: 149812199 NCBI: 2497441 Plazi: 66F4FE47-B067-3C11-C372-AF33EAC0670F WoRMS: 1462037 ZooBank: 16D87E93-91A4-41E6-97E9-91903543A6DE
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"bivalves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalve"},{"link_name":"Myidae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myidae"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WORMS-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WORMS-1"},{"link_name":"Indosphenia abbreviata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indosphenia_abbreviata&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Indosphenia cochinensis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indosphenia_cochinensis&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Indosphenia kayalum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indosphenia_kayalum"},{"link_name":"Indosphenia sowerbyi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indosphenia_sowerbyi&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"Indosphenia is a genus of bivalves belonging to the family Myidae.[1] This genus is mainly distributed in the fragmented brackish water habitats of India including Chilka Lake and Cochin (kochi) backwaters.Species:[1]Indosphenia abbreviata (Preston, 1907)\nIndosphenia cochinensis (Preston, 1916)\nIndosphenia kayalum Oliver, Hallan & Jayachandran, 2018\nIndosphenia sowerbyi (Smith, 1893)","title":"Indosphenia"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Indosphenia P. G. Oliver, Hallan & Jayachandran, 2018\". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 11 May 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1462037","url_text":"\"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Indosphenia P. G. Oliver, Hallan & Jayachandran, 2018\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.M._Wright
E. M. Wright
["1 Career","2 Honours and awards","3 Private life","4 See also","5 Publications","6 References","7 External links"]
British mathematician (1906–2005) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "E. M. Wright" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) SirEdward Maitland WrightFRSEPrincipal of the University of AberdeenIn office1962–1976Preceded bySir Thomas Murray TaylorSucceeded bySir Fraser Noble Personal detailsBorn(1906-02-13)13 February 1906Farnley, Yorkshire, EnglandDied2 February 2005(2005-02-02) (aged 98)Reading, Berkshire, EnglandSpousePhyllis HarrisChildrenJohn David Maitland WrightAlma materUniversity of LondonJesus College, OxfordChrist Church, OxfordProfessionMathematician and university administrator For the English philologist, see Elizabeth Mary Wright. Sir Edward Maitland Wright FRSE (13 February 1906 – 2 February 2005) was an English mathematician, best known for co-authoring An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers Hardy & Wright (1938) with G. H. Hardy. He served as the Principal of the University of Aberdeen from 1962 to 1976. Career He was born in Farnley, near Leeds, Yorkshire, where his father was a soap manufacturer. He moved to the south of England with his mother when his parents separated. After obtaining a first-class mathematics degree as a self-taught external student at the University of London, Wright studied at Jesus College, Oxford and Christ Church, Oxford. His research career lasted from 1931 until the early 1980s, firstly on a Research Fellowship at Christ Church, which included a year in Göttingen, Germany. He was then appointed a lecturer at Christ Church, teaching there until 1935 followed by his appointment as Professor of Mathematics at the University of Aberdeen. He held that chair from 1936 to 1962, except for a break during the war (from 1943 to 1945) when he was seconded to the Air Ministry Intelligence at MI6 headquarters. He became Vice-Principal of the University in 1961 and Principal and Vice-Chancellor from 1962 until he stood down in 1976. He nevertheless continued to work as a Research Fellow at the University until 1983. A building there is named after him in recognition of his service to the university. Wright worked in many different subspecialties, including number theory and graph theory, and published over a hundred papers. Most of his work focused on analytic number theory. Honours and awards He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1937 and awarded their Makdougall Brisbane Prize in 1952. He was elected to the London Mathematical Society in 1929 and awarded their Senior Berwick Prize in 1978. He was knighted in 1977 and awarded the Gold Medal of the Order of Polonia Restituta of Poland in 1978. Private life He died in Reading shortly before his 99th birthday. He had married Phyllis Harris of North Wales, with whom he had a son, the mathematician John D. M. Wright. See also Fox–Wright function Wright generalized Bessel function Wright's formula Publications Hardy, G. H.; Wright, E. M. (1938). An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers. Oxford: Clarendon Press. JFM 64.0093.03. References ^ Bell, E. T. (1939). "Review: G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 45 (7): 507–509. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1939-07025-0. ^ "Edward Wright Building". University of Aberdeen. Archived from the original on 12 November 2010. Retrieved 3 August 2010. ^ "OBITUARY EDWARD MAITLAND WRIGHT 1906–2005". Bull. London Math. Soc. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2017. External links Obituary, Bull. London Math. Soc. Obituary, Times Online. Obituary, The Daily Telegraph. O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "E. M. Wright", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews E. M. Wright at the Mathematics Genealogy Project Academic offices Preceded bySir Thomas Murray Taylor Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen 1962—1976 Succeeded bySir Fraser Noble vtePrincipals of the University of AberdeenKing's College, Aberdeen Hector Boece (1500) Alexander Arbuthnot (1569) Reverend David Rait (1598) William Leslie (1632) William Guild (1640) John Row (1652) Alexander Middleton (1662) George Middleton (1689) George Chalmers (1729) Roderick MacLeod (1800) William Jack (1815) Marischal College, Aberdeen Robert Howie (1593) Gilbert Gray (1598) Andrew Adie (1616) Reverend William Forbes (1620) Patrick Dun (1621) William Moir (1649) James Leslie (1661) Robert Paterson (1678) Thomas Blackwell (primus) (1717) John Osborne (1728) Thomas Blackwell (secundus) (1748) Robert Pollock (1757) George Campbell (1759) William Laurence Brown (1796) Daniel Dewar (1832) University of Aberdeen Reverend Peter Colin Campbell (1865) Reverend William Robinson Pirie (1876) Sir William Duguid Geddes (1885) Reverend John Marshall Lang (1900) Sir George Adam Smith (1909) Sir William Hamilton Fyfe (1936) Sir Thomas Murray Taylor (1948) Sir Edward Maitland Wright (1962) Sir Fraser Noble (1976) George Paul McNicol (1981) Maxwell Irvine (1991) Sir Duncan Rice (1996) Sir Ian Diamond (2010) George Boyne (2018) Category Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF WorldCat National France BnF data Germany Israel United States Japan Czech Republic Netherlands Academics CiNii DBLP MathSciNet Mathematics Genealogy Project zbMATH People Deutsche Biographie Other IdRef This article about a United Kingdom mathematician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
[{"title":"Fox–Wright function","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox%E2%80%93Wright_function"},{"title":"Wright generalized Bessel function","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessel%E2%80%93Maitland_function"},{"title":"Wright's formula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_for_primes#Wright's_formula"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermot_Kelly_(actor)
Dermot Kelly (actor)
["1 Filmography","2 References","3 External links"]
Dermot KellyBorn(1918-05-15)15 May 1918Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, IrelandDied18 February 1980(1980-02-18) (aged 61)Dublin, IrelandOccupationActor Dermot Kelly (15 May 1918 – 18 February 1980) was an Irish actor often in comic roles, in films and on TV. He achieved popularity as a recurring tramp character, sidekick to Arthur Haynes's vagrant, in TV's The Arthur Haynes Show in the early 1960s. Previously on stage with Dublin's Abbey Theatre, he was in the original stage and film versions of Brendan Behan's The Quare Fellow, in 1954 and 1962, respectively. Filmography Another Shore (1948) as Boxer Home is the Hero (1959) as 2nd Pub Customer Sally's Irish Rogue (1959) as McKeefry Broth of a Boy (1959) as Tim Breakout as O'Quinn Devil's Bait (1959) as Mr. Love Cover Girl Killer (1959) as Pop Crooks Anonymous (1962) as Stanley The Quare Fellow (1962) as Donnelly The Wrong Arm of the Law (1963) as Misery Martin Panic (1963) as Murphy The Yellow Rolls-Royce (1965) as Marquess of Frinton's Jockey (uncredited) Cup Fever (1965) as Bodger the Bootmender The Plank (1967) as Milkman Mrs. Brown, You've Got a Lovely Daughter (1968) as Con Man Headline Hunters (1968) as Ernie Subterfuge (1968) as Van Driver Staircase (1969) as Gravedigger References ^ "Dermot Kelly". BFI. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. ^ "Dermot Kelly | Movies and Filmography". AllMovie. ^ "Arthur Haynes". 20 July 2018. ^ "BFI Screenonline: Speight, Johnny (1920-1998) Biography". www.screenonline.org.uk. ^ "Drama at Inish - Is Life Worth Living? 1940 (Abbey) | Abbey Archives | Abbey Theatre - Amharclann na Mainistreach". Abbey Theatre. ^ "The Quare Fellow - PlayographyIreland". Retrieved 12 April 2024. ^ "The Quare Fellow (1962)". BFI. Archived from the original on 29 September 2019. External links Dermot Kelly at IMDb Authority control databases International VIAF WorldCat National United States
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[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsidian_(Baths_album)
Obsidian (Baths album)
["1 Background","2 Critical reception","3 Track listing","4 Charts","5 Personnel","5.1 Musicians","5.2 Technical personnel","5.3 Artwork","6 References","7 External links"]
2013 studio album by BathsObsidianStudio album by BathsReleasedMay 28, 2013Genre IDM synth-pop electronic pop Length43:16LabelAnticonProducerBathsBaths chronology Pop Music/False B-Sides(2011) Obsidian(2013) Romaplasm(2017) Singles from Obsidian "Miasma Sky"Released: March 6, 2013 Obsidian is the second studio album by American electronic musician Baths, released on May 28, 2013 by Anticon. The album was preceded by the single "Miasma Sky" released on March 6, 2013. Obsidian received generally positive acclaim from critics and gained a title of "best new music" by Pitchfork. It also peaked at number fifteen and sixteen on Billboard's Top Dance/Electronic Albums and Heatseekers Albums respectively. Background Will Wiesenfield started work on some tracks of Obsidian before his debut album Cerulean. During touring and promotion of his first album, he became seriously ill with a serious case of E. coli. Wiesenfield said he "got really sad and sort of felt this momentum to try and make this darker record". He commented that behind the music, "there’s a very distorted, raw state of mind" and explained that "it's this dichotomy. It's pop music, but it’s tragic and dark.” Critical reception Professional ratingsAggregate scoresSourceRatingAnyDecentMusic?7.4/10Metacritic76/100Review scoresSourceRatingAllMusicClash8/10Consequence of SoundDIY7/10Exclaim!9/10FactPopMattersPitchfork8.6/10Slant MagazineSputnikmusic4.0/5 Obsidian received positive reviews from contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 76, based on 22 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews". Ian Cohen of Pitchfork praised the album saying "the gregarious and genial Wiesenfeld has created a more subversive work by getting uncomfortably close to pop." Vincent Pollard rated the album 9 out of 10, while writing in his review that "Obsidian is a gorgeous suite of electronic pop songs that will draw you in and stay with you for days on end." Slant Magazine described the music on the album as IDM. PopMatters's Robin Smith stated that Obsidian is a "self-sufficient synth-pop record in the vein of the Postal Service’s Give Up, ploughing through its songs and laying his beats as paths for stories." Track listing All tracks are written by Will WiesenfeldNo.TitleLength1."Worsening"4:262."Miasma Sky"4:343."Ironworks"4:404."Ossuary"3:525."Incompatible"4:406."No Eyes"4:147."Phaedra"4:528."No Past Lives"3:409."Earth Death"4:3410."Inter"3:50Total length:43:16 Charts Chart Peakposition Top Dance/Electronic Albums 15 Heatseekers Albums 16 Personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Obsidian. Musicians Will Wiesenfield – performance Ryan Satoru Studer – cello Luke Silas – drums (track 9) Amir Yaghmai – violin (tracks 5, 9) Andy Studer – violin (tracks 5, 9) Emily Call – violin (tracks 1–3, 10) Georgi Dimitrov – violin (tracks 1, 3) Technical personnel Mario Luna – engineering Daddy Kev – mastering Artwork Folder – design, typography Alex Takacs – art direction References ^ a b c Cohen, Ian (May 28, 2013). "Baths: Obsidian". Pitchfork.com. Retrieved June 3, 2013. ^ Minsker, Evan (March 6, 2013). "Baths Announces New Album Obsidian, Shares Track "Miasma Sky", Tours With the Postal Service". Pitchfork. Retrieved June 12, 2015. ^ a b "Baths - Chart history - Top Dance/Electronic Albums". Billboard. Retrieved December 16, 2016. ^ a b "Baths - Chart history - Heatseekers Albums". Billboard. Retrieved December 16, 2016. ^ Reese, Nathan (May 29, 2013). "Baths, After the Eruption - Interview Magazine". Interview. Retrieved 21 February 2019. ^ "Obsidian by Baths reviews". AnyDecentMusic?. ^ "Obsidian Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved July 2, 2013. ^ Phares, Heather. "Obsidian - Baths". Allmusic.com. Retrieved June 6, 2020. ^ French, Matthew (May 22, 2013). "Baths - Obsidian". Clash. Retrieved February 20, 2019. ^ Geffen, Sasha (May 29, 2013). "Album Review: Baths – Obsidian". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved June 3, 2013. ^ Young, Martyn (June 30, 2013). "Baths - Obsidian". DIY. Retrieved February 20, 2019. ^ a b Pollard, Vincent (May 24, 2013). "Baths - Obsidian". Exclaim.ca. Retrieved June 3, 2013. ^ Kelly, Chris (May 31, 2013). "Obsidian Review". Factmag.com. Retrieved June 3, 2013. ^ a b Smith, Robin (May 29, 2013). "Baths: Obsidian - PopMatters". PopMatters. Retrieved February 20, 2019. ^ a b Liedel, Kevin (May 27, 2013). "Baths: Obsidian". Slantmagazine.com. Retrieved June 3, 2013. ^ indigonowhere (April 29, 2013). "Baths - Obsidian (album review 2)". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved February 20, 2019. ^ "Obsidian – Baths". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved June 12, 2015. ^ Cohen, Ian (May 28, 2013). "Baths: Obsidian". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved June 12, 2015. ^ Obsidian (liner notes). Baths. Anticon. 2013. ABR0138.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) External links Obsidian at Discogs (list of releases) Authority control databases MusicBrainz release group
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"electronic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_music"},{"link_name":"Baths","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baths_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Anticon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticon"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pitchforkrev-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Minsker-2"},{"link_name":"Pitchfork","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pitchforkrev-1"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bbchart-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bbhschart-4"}],"text":"Obsidian is the second studio album by American electronic musician Baths, released on May 28, 2013 by Anticon.[1] The album was preceded by the single \"Miasma Sky\" released on March 6, 2013.[2]Obsidian received generally positive acclaim from critics and gained a title of \"best new music\" by Pitchfork.[1] It also peaked at number fifteen and sixteen on Billboard's Top Dance/Electronic Albums and Heatseekers Albums respectively.[3][4]","title":"Obsidian (Baths album)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cerulean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerulean_(album)"},{"link_name":"E. coli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._coli"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-intermag-5"}],"text":"Will Wiesenfield started work on some tracks of Obsidian before his debut album Cerulean. During touring and promotion of his first album, he became seriously ill with a serious case of E. coli. Wiesenfield said he \"got really sad and sort of felt this momentum to try and make this darker record\". He commented that behind the music, \"there’s a very distorted, raw state of mind\" and explained that \"it's this dichotomy. It's pop music, but it’s tragic and dark.”[5]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Metacritic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacritic"},{"link_name":"normalized","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_score"},{"link_name":"average","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_mean"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MC-17"},{"link_name":"Pitchfork","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)"},{"link_name":"pop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cohen-18"},{"link_name":"electronic pop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electropop"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-exclaim-12"},{"link_name":"Slant Magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slant_Magazine"},{"link_name":"IDM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_dance_music"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-slantmag-15"},{"link_name":"PopMatters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PopMatters"},{"link_name":"the Postal Service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Postal_Service"},{"link_name":"Give Up","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Give_Up"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-popmatters-14"}],"text":"Obsidian received positive reviews from contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 76, based on 22 reviews, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\".[17] Ian Cohen of Pitchfork praised the album saying \"the gregarious and genial Wiesenfeld has created a more subversive work by getting uncomfortably close to pop.\"[18] Vincent Pollard rated the album 9 out of 10, while writing in his review that \"Obsidian is a gorgeous suite of electronic pop songs that will draw you in and stay with you for days on end.\"[12] Slant Magazine described the music on the album as IDM.[15] PopMatters's Robin Smith stated that Obsidian is a \"self-sufficient synth-pop record in the vein of the Postal Service’s Give Up, ploughing through its songs and laying his beats as paths for stories.\"[14]","title":"Critical reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Will Wiesenfeld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baths_(musician)"}],"text":"All tracks are written by Will WiesenfeldNo.TitleLength1.\"Worsening\"4:262.\"Miasma Sky\"4:343.\"Ironworks\"4:404.\"Ossuary\"3:525.\"Incompatible\"4:406.\"No Eyes\"4:147.\"Phaedra\"4:528.\"No Past Lives\"3:409.\"Earth Death\"4:3410.\"Inter\"3:50Total length:43:16","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Charts"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obsidian_(Baths_album)&action=edit&section=6"},{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obsidian_(Baths_album)&action=edit&section=7"},{"link_name":"Daddy Kev","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daddy_Kev"},{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obsidian_(Baths_album)&action=edit&section=8"}],"text":"Credits adapted from the liner notes of Obsidian.[19]Musicians[edit]\nWill Wiesenfield – performance\nRyan Satoru Studer – cello\nLuke Silas – drums (track 9)\nAmir Yaghmai – violin (tracks 5, 9)\nAndy Studer – violin (tracks 5, 9)\nEmily Call – violin (tracks 1–3, 10)\nGeorgi Dimitrov – violin (tracks 1, 3)\n\n\n\n\nTechnical personnel[edit]\nMario Luna – engineering\nDaddy Kev – mastering\nArtwork[edit]\nFolder – design, typography\nAlex Takacs – art direction","title":"Personnel"}]
[]
null
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AnyDecentMusic?.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.anydecentmusic.com/review/5528/Baths-Obsidian.aspx","url_text":"\"Obsidian by Baths reviews\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnyDecentMusic%3F","url_text":"AnyDecentMusic?"}]},{"reference":"\"Obsidian Reviews\". Metacritic. Retrieved July 2, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.metacritic.com/music/obsidian/baths","url_text":"\"Obsidian Reviews\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacritic","url_text":"Metacritic"}]},{"reference":"Phares, Heather. \"Obsidian - Baths\". Allmusic.com. Retrieved June 6, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/obsidian-mw0002517136","url_text":"\"Obsidian - Baths\""}]},{"reference":"French, Matthew (May 22, 2013). \"Baths - Obsidian\". Clash. Retrieved February 20, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.clashmusic.com/reviews/baths-obsidian","url_text":"\"Baths - Obsidian\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clash_(magazine)","url_text":"Clash"}]},{"reference":"Geffen, Sasha (May 29, 2013). \"Album Review: Baths – Obsidian\". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved June 3, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://consequenceofsound.net/2013/05/album-review-baths-obsidian/","url_text":"\"Album Review: Baths – Obsidian\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequence_of_Sound","url_text":"Consequence of Sound"}]},{"reference":"Young, Martyn (June 30, 2013). \"Baths - Obsidian\". DIY. Retrieved February 20, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://diymag.com/archive/baths-obsidian","url_text":"\"Baths - Obsidian\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIY_(magazine)","url_text":"DIY"}]},{"reference":"Pollard, Vincent (May 24, 2013). \"Baths - Obsidian\". Exclaim.ca. Retrieved June 3, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://exclaim.ca/Reviews/PopAndRock/baths-obsidian","url_text":"\"Baths - Obsidian\""}]},{"reference":"Kelly, Chris (May 31, 2013). \"Obsidian Review\". Factmag.com. Retrieved June 3, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.factmag.com/2013/05/31/obsidian/","url_text":"\"Obsidian Review\""}]},{"reference":"Smith, Robin (May 29, 2013). \"Baths: Obsidian - PopMatters\". PopMatters. Retrieved February 20, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.popmatters.com/171219-baths-obsidian-2495758648.html","url_text":"\"Baths: Obsidian - PopMatters\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PopMatters","url_text":"PopMatters"}]},{"reference":"Liedel, Kevin (May 27, 2013). \"Baths: Obsidian\". Slantmagazine.com. Retrieved June 3, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/baths-obsidian#When:13:40:59Z","url_text":"\"Baths: Obsidian\""}]},{"reference":"indigonowhere (April 29, 2013). \"Baths - Obsidian (album review 2)\". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved February 20, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/56548/Baths-Obsidian","url_text":"\"Baths - Obsidian (album review 2)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Obsidian – Baths\". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved June 12, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.metacritic.com/music/obsidian/baths","url_text":"\"Obsidian – Baths\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacritic","url_text":"Metacritic"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Interactive","url_text":"CBS Interactive"}]},{"reference":"Cohen, Ian (May 28, 2013). \"Baths: Obsidian\". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved June 12, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/18065-baths-obsidian/","url_text":"\"Baths: Obsidian\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitchfork_Media","url_text":"Pitchfork Media"}]},{"reference":"Obsidian (liner notes). Baths. Anticon. 2013. ABR0138.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baths_(musician)","url_text":"Baths"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticon","url_text":"Anticon"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagasaki_bugyo
Nagasaki bugyō
["1 Responsibilities","2 Shogunal city","3 List of Nagasaki bugyō","4 See also","5 Notes","6 References"]
A bird's-eye view of Nagasaki harbor as published in the Illustrated London News (March 23, 1853). In the center – the fan-shape of the Dutch traders' Dejima island compound and the Chinese compound is shown just to the left, separated from each other by narrow stretch of water. Bakufu supervision of these foreigners was under the control of the Nagasaki bugyō. The Chinese traders at Nagasaki were confined to a walled compound (Tōjin yashiki) which was located in the same vicinity as Dejima island; and the activities of the Chinese, though less strictly controlled than the Dutch, were closely monitored by the Nagasaki bugyō. Nagasaki bugyō (長崎奉行) were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. Appointments to this prominent office were usually fudai daimyōs, but this was amongst the senior administrative posts open to those who were not daimyōs. Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner", "overseer" or "governor". Responsibilities This bakufu title identifies an official responsible for administration of the port of Nagasaki, including the Chinese and Dutch settlements located there. This bugyō was also responsible for overseeing the port's commercial activities. The numbers of men holding the title concurrently would vary during the years of this period. At any given time, one would normally be in residence at Nagasaki, and the other would be in Edo as part of an alternating pattern. Other duties of the Nagasaki bugyō included monitoring news and scientific developments in the West as information became available in the course of trade. For example, the Nagasaki City Museum preserves letters from the Dutch opperhoofd to the Nagasaki bugyō about the two-year-long sales negotiations and the purchase price of a portable Dutch astronomical quadrant imported into Japan in 1792, implying that the instrument was seen as important by both the Japanese and the Dutch. The details of the instrument, along with some elaborate drawings, were provided in the Kansei Rekisho (Compendium of the Kansei Calendar), which was completed around 1844. The compendium records the names of the instrument’s manufacturers, as inscribed on the telescope and on the pendulum box—G. Hulst van Keulen and J. Marten Kleman (1758–1845). Although that instrument once owned by the Astronomical Office of the shogunal government is now lost, drawings of a quadrant equipped with a telescope (Gensho Kansei-kyo zu) have been reported by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. Shogunal city During this period, Nagasaki was designated a "shogunal city". The number of such cities rose from three to eleven under Tokugawa administration. List of Nagasaki bugyō This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Ogasawara Tamemune (1603–1604) Hasegawa Shigeyoshi (1604–1605) Hasegawa Fujihiro (1605–1614) Hasegawa Fujimasa (1605–1614) Takenaka Umene (1626–1631) Mizuno Morinobu (1626–1629) Takenaka Shigeyoshi (1629–1634) Imamura Masanaga (1633–1634) Sakakibara Motonao (1634–1640) Kamio Motokatsu (1634–1638) Ōkōchi Masakatsu (1638–1640) Tsuge Masatoki (1640–1642) Baba Toshishige (1642–1650) Yamazaki Masanobu (1642–1650) Kurokawa Masanao (1650–1665) Kaijō Masanobu (1651–1660) Ushigome Chūzaemon Shigenori (1671–1681). Yamaoka Kagesuke (1687–1694) Miyagi Masazumi (1687–1696) Niwa Nagamori (1699–1702) Ōshima Yoshinari (1699–1703) Sakuma Nobunari (1703–1713) Hisamatsu Sadamochi (1710–1715) Ōoka Kiyosuke (1711–1717) Ōmori Tokinaga (1732–1734) Hagiwara Yoshimasa (1736–1743) Matsunami Heizaemon (1744) Kondō Jūzō (1747). Edo-era boundaries of Dejima island (outlined in red) within the modern city of Nagasaki. What happened on this tiny piece of land became the central focus of attention for each of the serial Nagasaki bugyō. The post-Pacific War city enveloped and surrounded the former island; and a portion of the former island was demolished to widen the riverside transportation artery at the top of the picture. This photograph is taken from a sign posted at Dejima in 2004, showing the reconstruction work as Dutch-era buildings were in the process of being recreated one-by-one based upon old pictures and models. This revival of interest in Dejima re-animates the need to know more about the Nagasaki administrators -- their work, their problems, their lives. Ōoka Tadayori (1763–1764) Kurihara Morisada (1773–1775) Kuze Hirotami (1775–1784). Tsuge Masakore (1781-17__). Tsuchiya Morinao (1783–1784). Tsuchiya Masanobu (1784–1785). Toda Ujiharu (1784–1786), Tsuge Hirotami (1786). _________________ (1793). Matsudaira Yasuhide (1807–1808) Tōyama Kagekuni (1812–1816) Matsuyama Naoyoshi (1815–1817) Kanezawa Chiaki (1816–1818) Tsutsui Masanori (1817–1821) Izawa Masayoshi (1842–1845). Ido Satohiro (1845–1849). Mizuno Tadanori (1853–1854, 1857–1858). Arao Narimasa (1854–1859). Arao Shigemitsu(1854–1859) Takahashi Kazunuki (1862). Sugiura Katsukiyo (1863) Kyōgoku Takaakira (1863) Ōmura Sumihiro (1863) Hattori Tsunezumi (1863–1866) Asagara Masahiro (1864–1866) Kawazu Sukekuni (1867–1868). See also Bugyō Notes ^ a b Beasley, William G. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868, p. 326. ^ Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822, p. 12. ^ a b Nakamura, Tsuko. Imported Dutch astronomical instrument (1792), p. 3. IAU/Prague (2006). ^ Cullen, Louis M. (2003). A History of Japan, 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds, p. 159. ^ Jansen, Marius B. (1992). China in the Tokugawa World, p. 18., p. 18, at Google Books ^ a b c Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Hasegawa Fujihiro" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 292., p. 292, at Google Books ^ Turnbull, Stephen R. (1998). The Kakure Kirishitan of Japan: A Study of Their Development, Beliefs and Rituals to the Present Day, p. 41., p. 41, at Google Books ^ Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice M. (1999). Kaempfer's Japan: Tokugawa Culture Observed, p. 444. --Shigenori, 1622-1687. ^ Bodart-Bailey, p. 442. ^ Jannetta, Ann Bowman. (2007). The Vaccinators: Smallpox, Medical Knowledge, and the 'opening' of Japan, p. 20. ^ Cullen, p. 141. ^ Screech, p. 222 n. 81. later to become one of the kanjō bugyō ^ Screech, p. 10. ^ Screech, p. 13. ^ Screech, p. 225n63. ^ Screech, p. 19. ^ a b Screech, p. 221 n43. Also known as Toda Izumo-no-kami Tamitake. ^ Beasley, pp. 333-334. ^ Beasley, p. 332. ^ Beasley, William G. (1972). The Meiji Restoration, p. 100; Beasley, Select Documents, p. 337. ^ Beasley, Select Documents, p. 331. ^ British Library: "Handlist of Japanese manuscripts acquired since 1984" (Or.14948), p. 4. ^ Beasley, p. 334. References Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice. (1999). Kaempfer's Japan: Tokugawa Culture Observed. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2066-5 Beasley, William G. (1972). The Meiji Restoration. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0815-0 ____________. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868. London: Oxford University Press. Cullen, Louis M. (2003). A History of Japan, 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82155-X (cloth) – ISBN 0-521-52918-2 (paper) Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128 Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-1720-0 Toyama, Mikio. (1988). Nagasaki bugyō: edo bakufu no mimi to me (Chuko shinsho). Tokyo: Chūō Kōronsha. ISBN 978-4-12-100905-0 vteTokugawa bureaucracy organization chartThis section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Ōmetsuke Metsuke RōjūJisha-bugyō Tairō Rōjū-kakuEdo machi-bugyōKita-machi-bugyō Shōgun SobayōninGaikoku-bugyōMinami-machi-bugyō WakadoshiyoriGunkan-bugyōHonjo machi-bugyō DaimyōGusoku-bugyō Hakodate bugyō Haneda bugyō Gundai Hyōgo bugyō Daikan Kanagawa bugyōKinza (gold monopoly) Kane-bugyō Kanjō bugyōGinza (silver monopoly) Kura-bugyō Kinzan-bugyōDōza (copper monopoly) Kyoto shoshidaiKyoto machi-bugyōShuza (cinnabar monopoly) Nagasaki bugyōFushimi bugyō Niigata bugyōNara bugyō Nikkō bugyō Osaka machi-bugyō Osaka jōdai Sakai bugyō Rōya-bugyō Sado bugyō Sakuji-bugyō Shimada bugyō Sunpu jōdai Uraga bugyō Yamada bugyō Notes This bureaucracy evolved in an ad hoc manner, responding to perceived needs. vteOfficials of the Tokugawa shogunateShōgun Ieyasu (1603–1605) Hidetada (1605–1623) Iemitsu (1623–1651) Ietsuna (1651–1680) Tsunayoshi (1680–1709) Ienobu (1709–1712) Ietsugu (1713–1716) Yoshimune (1716–1745) Ieshige (1745–1760) Ieharu (1760–1786) Ienari (1787–1837) Ieyoshi (1837–1853) Iesada (1853–1858) Iemochi (1858–1866) Yoshinobu (1867–1868) Tairō Sakai Tadayo (1636) Doi Toshikatsu (1638–1644) Sakai Tadakatsu (1638–1656) Sakai Tadakiyo (1666–1680) Ii Naozumi (1668–1676) Hotta Masatoshi (1681–1684) Ii Naooki (1696–1700, 1711–1714) Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu (1706–1709) Ii Naoyuki (1784–1787) Ii Naoaki (1835–1841) Ii Naosuke (1858–1860) Sakai Tadashige (1865) Rōjū Ōkubo Tadachika (1593–1614) Ōkubo Nagayasu (1600–1613) Honda Masanobu (1600–1615) Naruse Masanari (1600–1616) Andō Naotsugu (1600–1616) Honda Masazumi (1600–1622) Naitō Kiyonari (1601–1606) Aoyama Tadanari (1601–1606) Aoyama Narishige (1608–1613) Sakai Tadatoshi (1609–1627) Sakai Tadayo (1610–1634) Doi Toshikatsu (1610–1638) Andō Shigenobu (1611–1621) Naitō Kiyotsugu (1616–1617) Aoyama Tadatoshi (1616–1623) Inoue Masanari (1617–1628) Nagai Naomasa (1622–1633) Abe Masatsugu (1623–1626) Inaba Masakatsu (1623–1634) Naitō Tadashige (1623–1633) Sakai Tadakatsu (1624–1638) Morikawa Shigetoshi (1628–1632) Aoyama Yukinari (1628–1633) Matsudaira Nobutsuna (1632–1662) Abe Tadaaki (1633–1666) Hotta Masamori (1635–1651) Abe Shigetsugu (1638–1651) Matsudaira Norinaga (1642–1654) Sakai Tadakiyo (1653–1666) Inaba Masanori (1657–1681) Kuze Hiroyuki (1663–1679) Itakura Shigenori (1665–1668, 1670–1673) Tsuchiya Kazunao (1665–1679) Abe Masayoshi (1673–1676) Ōkubo Tadatomo (1677–1698) Hotta Masatoshi (1679–1681) Doi Toshifusa (1679–1681) Itakura Shigetane (1680–1681) Toda Tadamasa (1681–1699) Abe Masatake (1681–1704) Matsudaira Nobuyuki (1685–1686) Tsuchiya Masanao (1687–1718) Ogasawara Nagashige (1697–1705, 1709–1710) Akimoto Takatomo (1699–1707) Inaba Masamichi (1701–1707) Honda Masanaga (1704–1711) Ōkubo Tadamasu (1705–1713) Inoue Masamine (1705–1722) Abe Masataka (1711–1717) Kuze Shigeyuki (1713–1720) Matsudaira Nobutsune (1714–1716) Toda Tadazane (1714–1729) Mizuno Tadayuki (1717–1730) Andō Nobutomo (1722–1732) Matsudaira Norisato (1723–1745) Matsudaira Tadachika (1724–1728) Ōkubo Tsuneharu (1728) Sakai Tadaoto (1728–1735) Matsudaira Nobutoki (1730–1744) Matsudaira Terusada (1730–1745) Kuroda Naokuni (1732–1735) Honda Tadanaga (1734–1746) Toki Yoritoshi (1742–1744) Sakai Tadazumi (1744–1749) Matsudaira Norikata (1745–1746) Hotta Masasuke (1745–1761) Nishio Tadanao (1746–1760) Honda Masayoshi (1746–1758) Matsudaira Takechika (1746–1779) Sakai Tadayori (1749–1764) Matsudaira Terutaka (1758–1781) Inoue Masatsune (1760–1763) Akimoto Sumitomo (1747–1764, 1765–1767) Abe Masahiro (1837-1857) Doi Toshitsura (1838–1844) Inoue Masaharu (1840–1843) Andō Nobumasa (1860–1862) Itakura Katsukiyo (1862–1864, 1865–1868) Inoue Masanao (1862–1864) Mizuno Tadakiyo (1862–1866) Sakai Tadashige (1863–1864) Arima Michizumi (1863–1864) Makino Tadayuki (1863–1865) Matsumae Takahiro (1864–1865) Abe Masato (1864–1865) Suwa Tadamasa (1864–1865) Inaba Masakuni (1864–1865, 1866–1868) Matsudaira Munehide (1864–1866) Inoue Masanao (1865–1867) Matsudaira Yasuhide (1865–1868) Mizuno Tadanobu (1866) Matsudaira Norikata (1866–1868) Inaba Masami (1866–1868) Matsudaira Sadaaki (1867) Ōkōchi Masatada (1867–1868) Sakai Tadatō (1867–1868) Tachibana Taneyuki (1868) Wakadoshiyori Nagai Naoyuki (1867–1868) Kyoto shoshidai Okudaira Nobumasa (1600–1601) Itakura Katsushige (1601–1619) Makino Chikashige (1654–1668) Itakura Shigenori (1668–1670) Nagai Naotsune (1670–1678) Toda Tadamasa (1678–1681) Inaba Masamichi (1681–1685) Tsuchiya Masanao (1685–1687) Naitō Shigeyori (1687–1690) Matsudaira Nobuoki (1690–1691) Ogasawara Nagashige (1691–1697) Matsudaira Nobutsune (1697–1714) Mizuno Tadayuki (1714–1717) Matsudaira Tadachika(1717–1724) Makino Hideshige (1724–1734) Toki Yoritoshi {1734–1742) Makino Sadamichi (1742–1749) Matsudaira Sukekuni (1749–1752) Sakai Tadamochi (1752–1756) Matsudaira Terutaka(1756–1758) Inoue Masatsune (1758–1760) Abe Masasuke (1760–1764) Abe Masachika (1764–1768) Doi Toshisato (1769–1777) Kuze Hiroakira (1777–1781) Makino Sadanaga (1781–1784) Toda Tadatō (1784–1789) Ōta Sukeyoshi (1789–1782) Hotta Masanari (1792–1798) Makino Tadakiyo (1798–1801) Doi Toshiatsu (1801–1802) Aoyama Tadayasu (1802–1804) Inaba Masanobu (1804–1806) Abe Masayoshi (1806–1808) Sakai Tadayuki (1808–1815) Ōkubo Tadazane (1815–1818) Matsudaira Norihiro (1818–1823) Naitō Nobuatsu (1823–1825) Matsudaira Yasutō (1825–1826) Mizuno Tadakuni (1826–1828) Matsudaira Muneakira (1828–1832) Ōta Sukemoto (1832–1834) Matsudaira Nobuyori (1834–1837) Doi Toshitsura (1837–1838) Manabe Akikatsu (1838–1840) Makino Tadamasa (1840–1843) Sakai Tadaaki (1843–1850) Naitō Nobuchika (1850–1851) Wakisaka Yasuori (1851–1857) Honda Tadamoto (1857–1858) Sakai Tadaaki (1858–1862) Matsudaira Munehide (1862) Makino Tadayuki (1862–1863) Inaba Masakuni (1863–1864) Matsudaira Sadaaki (1864–1867) Bugyō Bugu-bugyō (post-1863) Edo machi-bugyō Fushimi bugyō Gaikoku-bugyō (post-1858) Gunkan-bugyō (post-1859) Gusoku-bugyō Hakodate bugyō Haneda bugyō (post-1853) Hyōgo bugyō (post-1864) Jisha-bugyō Kanagawa bugyō (post-1859) Kanjō-bugyō (post-1787) Kinzan-bugyō Kyoto machi-bugyō Nara bugyō Machi-bugyō Nagasaki bugyō Niigata bugyō Nikkō bugyō Osaka jōdai Osaka machi-bugyō Rōya-bugyō Sado bugyō Sakai bugyō Sakuji-bugyō (post-1632) Shimoda bugyō Sunpu jōdai Uraga bugyō Yamada bugyō Ōmetsuke Yagyū Munenori (1632–1636) Mizuno Morinobu (1632–1636) Akiyama Masashige 1632–1640) Inoue Masashige (1632–1658) Kagazume Tadazumi (1640–1650) Nakane Masamori (1650) Hōjō Ujinaga (1655–1670) Ōoka Tadatane (1670) Nakayama Naomori (1684) Sengoku Hisanao (1695–1719) Shōda Yasutoshi (1699–1701) Sakakibara Tadayuki (1836–1837) Atobe Yoshisuke (1839–1841, 1855–1856) Tōyama Kagemoto (1844) Ido Hiromichi 1853–1855) Tsutsui Masanori (1854–1857) Ōkubo Tadahiro (1862) Matsudaira Yasuhide (1864) Nagai Naoyuki (1864–1865, 1865–1867) Yamaoka Takayuki (1868) Oda Nobushige (1868) Kyoto Shugoshoku Matsudaira Katamori (1862–1864) Matsudaira Yoshinaga (1864) Matsudaira Katamori (1864–1867)
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tojin-yashiki.jpg"},{"link_name":"Tōjin yashiki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BA%BA%E5%B1%8B%E6%95%B7"},{"link_name":"Tokugawa shogunate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate"},{"link_name":"Edo period","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period"},{"link_name":"fudai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fudai_daimy%C5%8D"},{"link_name":"daimyōs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-b326-1"}],"text":"The Chinese traders at Nagasaki were confined to a walled compound (Tōjin yashiki) which was located in the same vicinity as Dejima island; and the activities of the Chinese, though less strictly controlled than the Dutch, were closely monitored by the Nagasaki bugyō.Nagasaki bugyō (長崎奉行) were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. Appointments to this prominent office were usually fudai daimyōs, but this was amongst the senior administrative posts open to those who were not daimyōs.[1] Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as \"commissioner\", \"overseer\" or \"governor\".","title":"Nagasaki bugyō"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"bakufu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakufu"},{"link_name":"Nagasaki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagasaki,_Nagasaki"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-b326-1"},{"link_name":"opperhoofd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opperhoofd"},{"link_name":"Kansei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansei"},{"link_name":"National Astronomical Observatory of Japan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Astronomical_Observatory_of_Japan"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nakamura1-3"}],"text":"This bakufu title identifies an official responsible for administration of the port of Nagasaki, including the Chinese and Dutch settlements located there. This bugyō was also responsible for overseeing the port's commercial activities.[2] The numbers of men holding the title concurrently would vary during the years of this period. At any given time, one would normally be in residence at Nagasaki, and the other would be in Edo as part of an alternating pattern.[1]Other duties of the Nagasaki bugyō included monitoring news and scientific developments in the West as information became available in the course of trade. For example, the Nagasaki City Museum preserves letters from the Dutch opperhoofd to the Nagasaki bugyō about the two-year-long sales negotiations and the purchase price of a portable Dutch astronomical quadrant imported into Japan in 1792, implying that the instrument was seen as important by both the Japanese and the Dutch. The details of the instrument, along with some elaborate drawings, were provided in the Kansei Rekisho (Compendium of the Kansei Calendar), which was completed around 1844. The compendium records the names of the instrument’s manufacturers, as inscribed on the telescope and on the pendulum box—G. Hulst van Keulen and J. Marten Kleman (1758–1845). Although that instrument once owned by the Astronomical Office of the shogunal government is now lost, drawings of a quadrant equipped with a telescope (Gensho Kansei-kyo zu) have been reported by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.[3]","title":"Responsibilities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"During this period, Nagasaki was designated a \"shogunal city\". The number of such cities rose from three to eleven under Tokugawa administration.[4]","title":"Shogunal city"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"dynamic list","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists"},{"link_name":"adding missing items","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nagasaki_bugy%C5%8D"},{"link_name":"reliable sources","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources"},{"link_name":"Ogasawara Tamemune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ogasawara_Tamemune&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Hasegawa Shigeyoshi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hasegawa_Shigeyoshi&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nussbaum292-6"},{"link_name":"Hasegawa Fujihiro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hasegawa_Fujihiro&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nussbaum292-6"},{"link_name":"Hasegawa Fujimasa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hasegawa_Fujimasa&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nussbaum292-6"},{"link_name":"Takenaka Umene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Takenaka_Umene&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Mizuno Morinobu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mizuno_Morinobu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Takenaka Shigeyoshi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Takenaka_Shigeyoshi&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Imamura Masanaga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imamura_Masanaga&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sakakibara Motonao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sakakibara_Motonao&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kamio Motokatsu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kamio_Motokatsu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ōkōchi Masakatsu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%8Ck%C5%8Dchi_Masakatsu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tsuge Masatoki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tsuge_Masatoki&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Baba Toshishige","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baba_Toshishige&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Yamazaki Masanobu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yamazaki_Masanobu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kurokawa Masanao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurokawa_Masanao&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kaijō Masanobu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaij%C5%8D_Masanobu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ushigome Chūzaemon Shigenori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ushigome_Ch%C5%ABzaemon_Shigenori&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Yamaoka Kagesuke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yamaoka_Kagesuke&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Miyagi Masazumi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miyagi_Masazumi&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Niwa Nagamori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niwa_Nagamori&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ōshima Yoshinari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%8Cshima_Yoshinari&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sakuma Nobunari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sakuma_Nobunari&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hisamatsu Sadamochi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hisamatsu_Sadamochi&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ōoka Kiyosuke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%8Coka_Kiyosuke&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ōmori Tokinaga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%8Cmori_Tokinaga&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hagiwara Yoshimasa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hagiwara_Yoshimasa&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Matsunami Heizaemon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matsunami_Heizaemon&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Kondō Jūzō","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kond%C5%8D_J%C5%ABz%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edo-era_Dejima_within_modern_Nagasaki.jpg"},{"link_name":"Dejima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dejima"},{"link_name":"Pacific War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_War"},{"link_name":"Ōoka Tadayori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%8Coka_Tadayori&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kurihara Morisada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurihara_Morisada&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Kuze Hirotami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuze_Hirotami"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Tsuge Masakore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tsuge_Masakore&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Tsuchiya Morinao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tsuchiya_Morinao&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Tsuchiya Masanobu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tsuchiya_Masanobu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Toda Ujiharu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toda_Ujiharu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-t221n43-17"},{"link_name":"Tsuge Hirotami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tsuge_Hirotami&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-t221n43-17"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nakamura1-3"},{"link_name":"Matsudaira Yasuhide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matsudaira_Yasuhide_(Nagasaki_bugy%C5%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tōyama Kagekuni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C5%8Dyama_Kagekuni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Matsuyama Naoyoshi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matsuyama_Naoyoshi&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kanezawa Chiaki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanezawa_Chiaki&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tsutsui Masanori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tsutsui_Masanori&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Izawa Masayoshi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izawa_Masayoshi&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Ido Satohiro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ido_Satohiro&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Mizuno Tadanori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizuno_Tadanori"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"Arao Narimasa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arao_Narimasa&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Arao Shigemitsu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arao_Shigemitsu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Takahashi Kazunuki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Takahashi_Kazunuki&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Sugiura Katsukiyo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugiura_Katsukiyo&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kyōgoku Takaakira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ky%C5%8Dgoku_Takaakira&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ōmura Sumihiro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cmura_Sumihiro"},{"link_name":"Hattori Tsunezumi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hattori_Tsunezumi&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Asagara Masahiro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asagara_Masahiro&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kawazu Sukekuni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kawazu_Sukekuni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.Ogasawara Tamemune (1603–1604)[5]\nHasegawa Shigeyoshi (1604–1605)[6]\nHasegawa Fujihiro (1605–1614)[6]\nHasegawa Fujimasa (1605–1614)[6]\nTakenaka Umene (1626–1631)[7]\nMizuno Morinobu (1626–1629)\nTakenaka Shigeyoshi (1629–1634)\nImamura Masanaga (1633–1634)\nSakakibara Motonao (1634–1640)\nKamio Motokatsu (1634–1638)\nŌkōchi Masakatsu (1638–1640)\nTsuge Masatoki (1640–1642)\nBaba Toshishige (1642–1650)\nYamazaki Masanobu (1642–1650)\nKurokawa Masanao (1650–1665)\nKaijō Masanobu (1651–1660)\nUshigome Chūzaemon Shigenori (1671–1681).[8]\nYamaoka Kagesuke (1687–1694)\nMiyagi Masazumi (1687–1696)[9]\nNiwa Nagamori (1699–1702)\nŌshima Yoshinari (1699–1703)\nSakuma Nobunari (1703–1713)\nHisamatsu Sadamochi (1710–1715)\nŌoka Kiyosuke (1711–1717)\nŌmori Tokinaga (1732–1734)\nHagiwara Yoshimasa (1736–1743)\nMatsunami Heizaemon (1744)[10]\nKondō Jūzō (1747).[11]Edo-era boundaries of Dejima island (outlined in red) within the modern city of Nagasaki. What happened on this tiny piece of land became the central focus of attention for each of the serial Nagasaki bugyō. The post-Pacific War city enveloped and surrounded the former island; and a portion of the former island was demolished to widen the riverside transportation artery at the top of the picture. This photograph is taken from a sign posted at Dejima in 2004, showing the reconstruction work as Dutch-era buildings were in the process of being recreated one-by-one based upon old pictures and models. This revival of interest in Dejima re-animates the need to know more about the Nagasaki administrators -- their work, their problems, their lives.Ōoka Tadayori (1763–1764)\nKurihara Morisada (1773–1775)[12]\nKuze Hirotami (1775–1784).[13]\nTsuge Masakore (1781-17__).[14]\nTsuchiya Morinao (1783–1784).[15]\nTsuchiya Masanobu (1784–1785).[16]\nToda Ujiharu (1784–1786),[17]\nTsuge Hirotami (1786).[17]\n_________________ (1793).[3]\nMatsudaira Yasuhide (1807–1808)\nTōyama Kagekuni (1812–1816)\nMatsuyama Naoyoshi (1815–1817)\nKanezawa Chiaki (1816–1818)\nTsutsui Masanori (1817–1821)\nIzawa Masayoshi (1842–1845).[18]\nIdo Satohiro (1845–1849).[19]\nMizuno Tadanori (1853–1854, 1857–1858).[20]\nArao Narimasa (1854–1859).[21]\nArao Shigemitsu(1854–1859)\nTakahashi Kazunuki (1862).[22]\nSugiura Katsukiyo (1863)\nKyōgoku Takaakira (1863)\nŌmura Sumihiro (1863)\nHattori Tsunezumi (1863–1866)\nAsagara Masahiro (1864–1866)\nKawazu Sukekuni (1867–1868).[23]","title":"List of Nagasaki bugyō"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-b326_1-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-b326_1-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822, p. 12.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=BLzQA7cpr7wC&dq=kuze+hirotami&pg=RA2-PA255"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-nakamura1_3-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-nakamura1_3-1"},{"link_name":"Imported Dutch astronomical instrument (1792), p. 3.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.pd.astro.it/museo/PagineInglesi/History%20of%20astronomy/HI_WG/Prague2006activities.pdf"},{"link_name":"permanent dead link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-4"},{"link_name":"Cullen, Louis M.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Cullen"},{"link_name":"A History of Japan, 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds, p. 159.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=ycY_85OInSoC&q=bugyo&pg=PA59"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-5"},{"link_name":"Jansen, Marius B.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marius_Jansen"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=11dbNDpaxOAC&pg=PA18"},{"link_name":"China in the Tokugawa World, p. 18.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=11dbNDpaxOAC&pg=PA18"},{"link_name":"Google Books","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-nussbaum292_6-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-nussbaum292_6-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-nussbaum292_6-2"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA292"},{"link_name":"Japan Encyclopedia, p. 292.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA292"},{"link_name":"Google Books","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-7"},{"link_name":"Turnbull, Stephen R.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Turnbull_(historian)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=DxhxciusgF4C&pg=PA41"},{"link_name":"The Kakure Kirishitan of Japan: A Study of Their Development, Beliefs and Rituals to the Present Day, p. 41.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=DxhxciusgF4C&pg=PA41"},{"link_name":"Google Books","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-8"},{"link_name":"Kaempfer's Japan: Tokugawa Culture Observed, p. 444.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=H2xdLbvCR6sC&q=ogasawara&pg=PA444"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-9"},{"link_name":"p. 442.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=H2xdLbvCR6sC&q=ogasawara&pg=PA442"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-10"},{"link_name":"Jannetta, Ann Bowman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Jannetta"},{"link_name":"The Vaccinators: Smallpox, Medical Knowledge, and the 'opening' of Japan, p. 20.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=7nObUtM8vCIC&dq=nagasaki+bugyo&pg=PA20"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-11"},{"link_name":"p. 141.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=ycY_85OInSoC&dq=Niigata+bugyo&pg=PA141"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-12"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-13"},{"link_name":"p. 10.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=BLzQA7cpr7wC&dq=kuze+hirotami&pg=RA2-PA255"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-14"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-15"},{"link_name":"p. 225n63.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=BLzQA7cpr7wC&dq=kuze+hirotami&pg=RA2-PA255"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-16"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-t221n43_17-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-t221n43_17-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-18"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-19"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-20"},{"link_name":"The Meiji Restoration, p. 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=k2FQEaQtWHIC&dq=Niigata+bugyo&pg=RA1-PA507"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-21"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-22"},{"link_name":"\"Handlist of Japanese manuscripts acquired since 1984\" (Or.14948), p. 4.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.bl.uk/collections/pdf/japmsscat.pdf"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-23"}],"text":"^ a b Beasley, William G. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868, p. 326.\n\n^ Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822, p. 12.\n\n^ a b Nakamura, Tsuko. Imported Dutch astronomical instrument (1792), p. 3.[permanent dead link] IAU/Prague (2006).\n\n^ Cullen, Louis M. (2003). A History of Japan, 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds, p. 159.\n\n^ Jansen, Marius B. (1992). China in the Tokugawa World, p. 18., p. 18, at Google Books\n\n^ a b c Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). \"Hasegawa Fujihiro\" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 292., p. 292, at Google Books\n\n^ Turnbull, Stephen R. (1998). The Kakure Kirishitan of Japan: A Study of Their Development, Beliefs and Rituals to the Present Day, p. 41., p. 41, at Google Books\n\n^ Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice M. (1999). Kaempfer's Japan: Tokugawa Culture Observed, p. 444. --Shigenori, 1622-1687.\n\n^ Bodart-Bailey, p. 442.\n\n^ Jannetta, Ann Bowman. (2007). The Vaccinators: Smallpox, Medical Knowledge, and the 'opening' of Japan, p. 20.\n\n^ Cullen, p. 141.\n\n^ Screech, p. 222 n. 81. later to become one of the kanjō bugyō\n\n^ Screech, p. 10.\n\n^ Screech, p. 13.\n\n^ Screech, p. 225n63.\n\n^ Screech, p. 19.\n\n^ a b Screech, p. 221 n43. Also known as Toda Izumo-no-kami Tamitake.\n\n^ Beasley, pp. 333-334.\n\n^ Beasley, p. 332.\n\n^ Beasley, William G. (1972). The Meiji Restoration, p. 100; Beasley, Select Documents, p. 337.\n\n^ Beasley, Select Documents, p. 331.\n\n^ British Library: \"Handlist of Japanese manuscripts acquired since 1984\" (Or.14948), p. 4.\n\n^ Beasley, p. 334.","title":"Notes"}]
[{"image_text":"A bird's-eye view of Nagasaki harbor as published in the Illustrated London News (March 23, 1853). In the center – the fan-shape of the Dutch traders' Dejima island compound and the Chinese compound is shown just to the left, separated from each other by narrow stretch of water. Bakufu supervision of these foreigners was under the control of the Nagasaki bugyō.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Deshima_1852.jpg/220px-Deshima_1852.jpg"},{"image_text":"The Chinese traders at Nagasaki were confined to a walled compound (Tōjin yashiki) which was located in the same vicinity as Dejima island; and the activities of the Chinese, though less strictly controlled than the Dutch, were closely monitored by the Nagasaki bugyō.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tojin-yashiki.jpg/220px-Tojin-yashiki.jpg"},{"image_text":"Edo-era boundaries of Dejima island (outlined in red) within the modern city of Nagasaki. What happened on this tiny piece of land became the central focus of attention for each of the serial Nagasaki bugyō. The post-Pacific War city enveloped and surrounded the former island; and a portion of the former island was demolished to widen the riverside transportation artery at the top of the picture. This photograph is taken from a sign posted at Dejima in 2004, showing the reconstruction work as Dutch-era buildings were in the process of being recreated one-by-one based upon old pictures and models. This revival of interest in Dejima re-animates the need to know more about the Nagasaki administrators -- their work, their problems, their lives.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Edo-era_Dejima_within_modern_Nagasaki.jpg/220px-Edo-era_Dejima_within_modern_Nagasaki.jpg"}]
[{"title":"Bugyō","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugy%C5%8D"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAFF_Women%27s_Championship
SAFF Women's Championship
["1 History","2 Results","3 Statistics","3.1 Performance by nation","3.2 Participating nations","3.3 All-time table","3.4 Winning coaches","4 Awards","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"]
This article is about the women tournament. For the men's tournament, see SAFF Championship. Football tournamentSAFF Women's ChampionshipOrganising bodySAFFFounded2010; 14 years ago (2010)RegionSouth AsiaNumber of teams7  Bangladesh  Bhutan  India  Maldives  Nepal  Pakistan  Sri Lanka Current champions Bangladesh (1st title)(2022)Most successful team(s) India (5 titles)Websitesaffederation.org 2024 SAFF Women's Championship The SAFF Women's Championship, also called the South Asian Football Federation Women's Cup, is a competition for women's national football teams governed by the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF). All seven members are eligible to participate in the tournament. History The current SAFF members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Formerly, eight members used to compete, prior to the departure of Afghanistan from SAFF. It is held every two years. India won first 5 edition so far, beating Nepal four times and Bangladesh once in the final. Bangladesh is the current champion having defeated Nepal by 3–1 goals on 19 September 2022 in the final. Results Year Host Final Losing semi-finalists Champion Score Runner-up 2010Details  Bangladesh India 1–0 Nepal  Bangladesh and  Pakistan 2012Details  Sri Lanka India 3–1 Nepal  Afghanistan,  Sri Lanka 2014Details  Pakistan India 6–0 Nepal  Bangladesh and  Sri Lanka 2016Details  India India 3–1 Bangladesh  Maldives and  Nepal 2019Details    Nepal India 3–1 Nepal  Bangladesh and  Sri Lanka 2022Details    Nepal Bangladesh 3–1 Nepal  Bhutan and  India Statistics Performance by nation Nation Champions Runners-up Semi-finalists  India 5 (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2019) 1 (2022)  Bangladesh 1 (2022) 1 (2016) 3 (2010, 2014, 2019)  Nepal 5 (2010, 2012, 2014, 2019, 2022) 1 (2016)  Sri Lanka 3 (2012, 2014, 2019)  Bhutan 1 (2022)  Maldives 1 (2016)  Pakistan 1 (2012) Former Team  Afghanistan* 1 (2012) Bold = Hosts * = Not part of SAFF anymore Participating nations Legend 1st – Champions 2nd – Runners-up 3rd – Third place 4th – Fourth place SF – Semifinals GS – Group stage dq – Disqualified/Suspended by FIFA/AFC/SAFF. q – Qualified for upcoming tournament     — Hosts  ×  – Did not enter  ×  – Withdrew before tournament begins     — Not part of SAFF Team 2010 2012 2014 2016 2019 2022 2024 Total  Bangladesh SF GS SF 2nd SF 1st Q 7  Bhutan GS GS GS GS GS SF Q 7  India 1st 1st 1st 1st 1st SF Q 7  Nepal 2nd 2nd 2nd SF 2nd 2nd Q 7  Maldives GS GS GS SF GS GS Q 7  Pakistan SF GS GS × × GS Q 5  Sri Lanka GS SF SF GS SF GS Q 7 Former Team  Afghanistan GS SF GS GS Not part of SAFF 4 All-time table As of 2022 Rank Team Part Pld W D L GF GA Dif Pts 1  India 6 27 24 1 2 150 10 +140 73 2  Nepal 6 27 21 0 6 114 20 +94 63 3  Bangladesh 6 23 13 1 9 61 33 +28 40 4  Sri Lanka 6 19 6 1 12 18 54 –36 19 5  Pakistan 4 13 5 0 8 20 47 –27 15 6  Maldives 6 18 3 2 13 14 75 –61 11 7  Afghanistan 4 12 1 2 9 10 67 –57 5 8  Bhutan 6 17 1 1 15 8 89 –81 4 Winning coaches Year Team Coach 2010  India Mohammad Shahid Jabbar 2012 2014 Tarun Roy 2016 Sajid Dar 2019 Maymol Rocky 2022  Bangladesh Golam Robbani Awards The following awards were given at the conclusion of the tournament. The Most Valuable Player (best overall player), Top scorers (top scorer) and Best Goalkeeper (goalkeeper with the most clean sheets) awards were given to the player and, the Fair play award were given to the Team. Year Most Valuable Player Top scorer(s) Best goalkeeper Fair play award Player(s) Goals 2010 Bala Devi Bala Devi Sasmita Malik 11 Not awarded Not awarded 2012 Yumnam Kamala Devi Jamuna Gurung 8 2014 Sabina Khatun Bala Devi 16  Maldives 2016 Indumathi Kathiresan Sabitra Bhandari 12  Nepal 2019 Grace Dangmei Sabitra Bhandari Indumathi Kathiresan 4  Bangladesh 2022 Sabina Khatun Sabina Khatun 8 Rupna Chakma  Bangladesh See also SAFF Championship AFC Women's Asian Cup AFF Women's Championship CAFA Women's Championship EAFF E-1 Women's Football Championship WAFF Women's Championship Sub-continental football championships in Asia South Asian Games References ^ "GoalNepal.com - A Complete Nepali Football website". Goalnepal.com. Retrieved 3 April 2019. ^ "Ranjith Rodrigo appointed acting President of SAFF". Dailynews.lk. Retrieved 3 April 2019. ^ "Bangladesh women make history, clinch maiden SAFF title". The Daily Star. 19 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022. ^ "BANGLADESH WIN MAIDEN SAFF WOMEN'S CHAMPIONSHIP TITLE". saffederation.org. 19 September 2022. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022. External links South Asian Football Federation official website Tournament at soccerway.com South Asia Football - Complete SAFF website (old) vteSAFF Women's ChampionshipTournaments Bangladesh 2010 Sri Lanka 2012 Pakistan 2014 India 2016 Nepal 2019 Nepal 2022 Bangladesh 2024 Squads 2010 2012 2014 2016 2019 2022 Finals 2010 2012 2014 2016 2019 2022 vteSouth Asian Football Federation (SAFF)International competitions SAFF Championship South Asian Games Women's Championship SAFF Club Championship Youth competitions U-20 Championship U-17 Championship U-18 Women's Championship U-15 Women's Championship Member associations Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Football in South Asian countries Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka National teams Bangladesh M W Bhutan M W India M W Maldives M W Nepal M W Pakistan M W Sri Lanka M W Domestic leagues Bangladesh M W Bhutan M India M W Maldives M Nepal M W Pakistan M W Sri Lanka M SAFF FIFA AFC vteInternational women's association football FIFA Federations Teams Competitions World Ranking Player of the Year The Best FIFA Women's Player Worldwide FIFA Women's World Cup U-20 U-17 Asia AFC Women's Asian Cup U-20 U-17 Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament Regional ASEAN EAFF SAFF WAFF, CAFA Intercontinental (Arab) Africa CAF Women's Cup of Nations U-20 U-17 Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament Regional CECAFA COSAFA UNAF WAFU A WAFU B UNIFFAC Intercontinental (Arab) North America,Central Americaand the Caribbean CONCACAF W Championship U-20 U-17 W Gold Cup Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament South America CONMEBOL Copa América Femenina U-20 U-17 Oceania OFC Women's Nations Cup U-19 U-16 Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament Europe UEFA Women's Championship U-19 U-17 Women's Nations League Non-FIFA NF-Board Women's Viva World Cup CONIFA CONIFA Women's World Football Cup Games Olympics Youth Olympics Universiade African Games Asian Games Central America and Caribbean Central American Games Goodwill Games Pan American Games Pacific Games Indian Ocean Island Games South Asian Games Southeast Asian Games Island Games Invitationals Aisha Buhari Cup Albena Cup Algarve Cup Aphrodite Women Cup Arnold Clark Cup Australia Cup Balaton Cup Baltic Cup Brazil Cup Chungua Cup Cyprus Women's Cup European Competition ('69,'79) Cup of Nations Finalissima Four Nations Tournament FIFA Invitation Tournament Gold Cup Istria Cup Women's Kirin Challenge Cup Malta International Matchworld Cup MS&AD Cup Mundialito Nordic Championship Our Game Tournament Peace Queen Cup Pinatar Cup Revelations Cup SAFF Women's Friendly Tournament SheBelieves Cup Sud Ladies Cup Tournament of Nations Tournoi de France Turkish Women's Cup Valais Cup Women's World Cup ('70,'71) Yongchuan International Tournament Geography Codes Player of the Century Men's football
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myroslav_Ivan_Lubachivsky
Myroslav Ivan Lubachivsky
["1 Life","2 Notes","3 External links"]
Head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church from 1984 to 2000 His Eminent BeatitudeMyroslav Ivan LubachivskyCardinal, Major Archbishop of LvivChurchUkrainian Greek Catholic ChurchElected7 September 1984Term ended14 December 2000PredecessorCardinal Josyf SlipyjSuccessorCardinal Lubomyr HusarOrdersOrdination21 September 1938by Andrey SheptytskyConsecration12 Nov 1978by John Paul IICreated cardinal25 May 1985by John Paul IIPersonal detailsBorn24 June 1914Dolyna, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-HungaryDied14 December 2000(2000-12-14) (aged 86)Lviv, UkraineBuriedSt. George's Cathedral, Lviv49°50′19.48″N 24°0′46.19″E / 49.8387444°N 24.0128306°E / 49.8387444; 24.0128306NationalityUkrainianCoat of arms Styles ofMyroslav Ivan LubachivskyReference styleHis EminenceSpoken styleYour EminenceInformal styleCardinalSeeLviv Myroslav Ivan Lubachivsky (Ukrainian: Мирослав Іван Любачівський; 24 June 1914, Dolyna, Austria-Hungary – 14 December 2000, Lviv, Ukraine), cardinal, was bishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia in the United States and from 1984 major archbishop of Lviv and head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC). Life He was ordained a priest of the Archeparchy of Lviv in 1938 by Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky and then continued his doctoral studies in theology in Austria. After World War II, he was unable to return to Ukraine and emigrated to the United States, where he continued his pastoral work, first as a priest at St. Peter and Paul Church in Cleveland, Ohio, beginning in 1949, and then from 1968 as a teacher at the St. Josaphat Ukrainian Catholic Seminary in Washington. He also taught at St. Basil's College in Philadelphia and St. Basil's Academy in Stamford, Connecticut before being consecrated archbishop of Philadelphia in 1979. The Ukrainian Holy Synod elected Lubachivsky coadjutor to Cardinal Josyf Slipyj in 1979. Upon Cardinal Slipyj's death in 1984, he took over as head of the UGCC. In 1985, Pope John Paul II gave him the title of Cardinal Priest of S. Sofia a Via Boccea. Soviet authorities lifted the ban against the Church in 1989, and Lubachivsky along with other leadership of the UGCC officially returned to Lviv from exile on 30 March 1991. Lubachivsky is buried in St. George's Cathedral in Lviv. Notes ^ "Myroslav Ivan Cardinal Lubachivsky". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 23 January 2015. External links Myroslav Ivan Cardinal Lubachivsky bio Catholic Church titles Preceded byJoseph M. Schmondiuk Archbishop of Philadelphia 1979—1980 Succeeded byStephen Sulyk Preceded byJosyf Slipyj Major Archbishop of Lviv(exiled to Vatican) 1984—1991 Succeeded byRevival of the full title Preceded byNew titleVolodymyr Sterniuk(Locum tenens of metropolitan see) Major Archbishop of Lviv, Metropolitan of Galicia 1991—2000 Succeeded byLubomyr Husar vteUkrainian cardinals Santo Stefano al Monte Celio Sant'Atanasio Santa Sofia a Via Boccea Mykhajlo Levitsky (1856–1858) Sylwester Sembratowicz (1895–1898) Josyf Slipyj (1965–1984) Myroslav Lubachivsky (1985–2000) Lubomyr Husar (2001–2017) Marian Jaworski (1998/2001–2020) Catholicism portal vteHistory of the hierarchy of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic ChurchRuthenian Uniate ChurchMetropolitans of Galiciaand Archbishops of Lemberg Antoniy Anhelovych Mykhailo Levytskyi Hryhoriy Yakhymovych Spyrydon Lytvynovych Joseph Sembratovych Sylvester Sembratovych Yulian Kuilovsky Andrey Sheptytskyi Metropolitans of Galiciaand Major Archbishops of Lviv Joseph Slipyi Myroslav Lubachivskyi Major Archbishopsof Kyiv-Galicia Liubomyr Huzar Sviatoslav Shevchuk Catholicism portal Ukraine portal vteUkrainian Greek Catholic ChurchHierarchy including Ecclesiastical circumscriptionsMajor archeparchy Kyiv–Galicia: Sviatoslav Shevchuk Archeparchies Kyiv: Sviatoslav Shevchuk Lviv: Ihor Vozniak Przemyśl–Warsaw: Eugeniusz Popowicz Winnipeg: Lawrence Huculak Philadelphia: Borys Gudziak Ivano-Frankivsk: Volodymyr Viytyshyn Ternopil–Zboriv: Vasyl Semeniuk São João Batista em Curitiba: Valdomiro Koubetch EparchiesUkraine Buchach: Dmytro Hryhorak Chernivtsi: Yosafat Moschych Kamyanets–Podilskyi: Ivan Kulyk Kolomyia: Vasyl Ivasyuk Sambir–Drohobych: Yaroslav Pryriz Sokal–Zhovkva: Mykhaylo Koltun Stryi: Taras Senkiv Poland Olsztyn–Gdańsk: Arkadiusz Trochanowski Wrocław–Koszalin: Włodzimierz Juszczak Canada Edmonton: David Motiuk Saskatoon: Michael Smolinski New Westminster: Michael Kwiatkowski Toronto and Eastern Canada: Bryan Bayda United States Saint Nicholas of Chicago: Venedykt Aleksiychuk Saint Josaphat in Parma: Bohdan Danylo Stamford: Paul Chomnycky Brazil Imaculada Conceição in Prudentópolis: Meron Mazur Argentina Santa María del Patrocinio en Buenos Aires: Daniel Kozelinski Netto Australia and New Zealand Saints Peter and Paul of Australia: Mykola Bychok United Kingdom Holy Family of London: Kenneth Nowakowski France, Benelux and Switzerland Saint Vladimir the Great of Paris: Hlib Lonchyna (Apostolic Administrator) Apostolic exarchatesGermany and Scandinavia Bohdan Dzyurakh Italy andSan Marino Dionisio Lachovicz Archiepiscopal exarchates Donetsk: Stepan Meniok Kharkiv: Vasyl Tuchapets Krym: Mykhaylo Bubniy (Archiepiscopal Administrator) Odesa: Mykhaylo Bubniy Lutsk: Yosafat Hovera Apostolic visitors Chile: Daniel Kozelinski Netto Ireland: Kenneth Nowakowski Northern Ireland: Kenneth Nowakowski Paraguay: Daniel Kozelinski Netto Uruguay: Daniel Kozelinski Netto Venezuela: Daniel Kozelinski Netto Curial andauxiliary bishops Volodymyr Firman (Ternopil–Zboriv) Petro Holiney (Kolomyia) Volodymyr Hrutsa (Lviv) Andriy Khimyak (Kyiv) Hryhoriy Komar (Sambir–Drohobych) Petro Loza (Sokal–Zhovkva) Bohdan Manyshyn (Stryi) Teodor Martynyuk (Ternopil–Zboriv) Yosyf Milyan (Kyiv) Andriy Rabiy (Winnipeg) Maksym Ryabukha (Donetsk) Mykola Semenyshyn (Ivano-Frankivsk) Stepan Sus (Curial Bishop) Bishopsemeritus Jan Martyniak (Metropolitan) (Przemyśl – Warsaw) Stefan Soroka (Metropolitan) (Philadelphia) Iryney Bilyk (Buchach) Stephen Chmilar (Toronto) Petro Kryk (Germany and Scandinavia) Basil Losten (Stamford) Wasyl Medwit (Donetsk) Peter Stasiuk (Saints Peter and Paul of Australia) Michael Wiwchar (Saskatoon) DefunctcircumscriptionsPoland Apostolic Exarchate of Łemkowszczyzna Eparchy of Kholm and Belz Conversion of Chełm Eparchy Ukraine Eparchy of Zboriv Ruthenian Uniate Church Eparchy of Suprasl Archeparchy of Polotsk Eparchy of Turov and Pinsk Eparchy of Volodymyr and Brest Eparchy of Lutsk and Ostroh Archeparchy of Smolensk Seminaries Kyiv Lviv Drohobych Ivano-Frankivsk Ternopil Rome Stamford Washington D.C. Edmonton Curitiba Catholicism portal Ukraine portal vteUniate and Greek Catholic bishops of Lviv EparchyUniate bishops Joseph Barlaam Athanasius Leo Peter Nicholas Anthony Greek Catholic archbishopsMetropolitans of Galicia Antonius Michael Gregorius Spiridon Joseph Sylvester Julian Andrey Joseph Major archbishopsMetropolitans of Galicia underground (Soviet persecutions) Joseph (exiled) John (exiled) Volodymyr Sterniuk (underground) Liubomyr Metropolitans Ihor Portals: Biography Christianity Ukraine Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Germany Italy United States Poland Other Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ukrainian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_language"},{"link_name":"Dolyna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolyna"},{"link_name":"Austria-Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria-Hungary"},{"link_name":"Lviv","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lviv"},{"link_name":"cardinal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)"},{"link_name":"Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Archeparchy_of_Philadelphia"},{"link_name":"major archbishop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_archbishop"},{"link_name":"Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church"}],"text":"Myroslav Ivan Lubachivsky (Ukrainian: Мирослав Іван Любачівський; 24 June 1914, Dolyna, Austria-Hungary – 14 December 2000, Lviv, Ukraine), cardinal, was bishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia in the United States and from 1984 major archbishop of Lviv and head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC).","title":"Myroslav Ivan Lubachivsky"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Andrey Sheptytsky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Sheptytsky"},{"link_name":"Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"Cleveland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland"},{"link_name":"Stamford, Connecticut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut"},{"link_name":"Josyf Slipyj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josyf_Slipyj"},{"link_name":"Cardinal Priest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_Priest"},{"link_name":"S. Sofia a Via Boccea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._Sofia_a_Via_Boccea"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CH-1"},{"link_name":"Soviet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union"},{"link_name":"St. George's Cathedral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._George%27s_Cathedral,_Lviv"}],"text":"He was ordained a priest of the Archeparchy of Lviv in 1938 by Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky and then continued his doctoral studies in theology in Austria. After World War II, he was unable to return to Ukraine and emigrated to the United States, where he continued his pastoral work, first as a priest at St. Peter and Paul Church in Cleveland, Ohio, beginning in 1949, and then from 1968 as a teacher at the St. Josaphat Ukrainian Catholic Seminary in Washington. He also taught at St. Basil's College in Philadelphia and St. Basil's Academy in Stamford, Connecticut before being consecrated archbishop of Philadelphia in 1979.The Ukrainian Holy Synod elected Lubachivsky coadjutor to Cardinal Josyf Slipyj in 1979. Upon Cardinal Slipyj's death in 1984, he took over as head of the UGCC. In 1985, Pope John Paul II gave him the title of Cardinal Priest of S. Sofia a Via Boccea.[1]Soviet authorities lifted the ban against the Church in 1989, and Lubachivsky along with other leadership of the UGCC officially returned to Lviv from exile on 30 March 1991.Lubachivsky is buried in St. George's Cathedral in Lviv.","title":"Life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-CH_1-0"},{"link_name":"\"Myroslav Ivan Cardinal Lubachivsky\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bluba.html"},{"link_name":"Catholic-Hierarchy.org","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org"},{"link_name":"[self-published]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SPS"}],"text":"^ \"Myroslav Ivan Cardinal Lubachivsky\". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 23 January 2015.[self-published]","title":"Notes"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bank_Jazz_%26_Blues_Festival
Red Bank Jazz & Blues Festival
["1 History","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
Red Bank Jazz & Blues FestivalRay Rodriguez y Swing Sabroso perform on the Marina Stage, June 2005GenreBlues,Location(s)Red Bank, New JerseyYears active1987–2016Attendance80,000–150,000WebsiteJersey Shore Jazz & Blues Festival 2011 The Red Bank Jazz & Blues Festival, also sometimes known as Red Bank Riverfest, was a music festival that took place the first weekend in June each year in Red Bank, New Jersey. Sited at Marine Park along the Navesink River, the festival was in operation between 1987 and 2016. Organized during some of this time by the non-profit Jersey Shore Jazz & Blues Foundation, the festival typically ran from Friday late afternoon through Sunday late afternoon, and according to varying estimates attracted some 80,000 to 150,000 people over the three days. It was said to be the largest free event of its kind in the Northeast United States. History Music was presented on the main Marina Stage as well as the smaller Harbor Experience or Riverfront Stage. Beginning in the late 2000s, a third stage showcased local and youth artists. Numerous vendors of foods and wares surrounded the music area, which was a short stroll from Red Bank's Broad Street center. The event grew out of, and then somewhat co-existed with, the International Food Festival, which had been in operation since around 1980 with the purpose of showcasing the efforts of local restaurants while featuring some music as well. Juke Joint Johnny perform with Chelsea Palermo on the Riverfront Stage, June 2009; marina boats on the Navesink set the scene. In 2007, the festival was sponsored by Washington Mutual; area smooth jazz radio station CD 101.9 always had a presence as well. In 2008, the festival lacked a title sponsor for the first time since 2003; organizers said the festival's existence was in financial jeopardy for 2009. The festival did go forward in 2009 despite the ongoing late 2000s recession and even further diminished sponsorship, with organizers stressing the need for attendees to contribute and some second stage performers foregoing being paid. Due to construction in Marine Park, the 2010 festival relocated inland to Monmouth Park under the name Jersey Shore Jazz & Blues Festival. For 2011, the Red Bank Riverfest reclaimed its old spot in the first weekend of June in the park, featuring local, often rock-oriented bands, while the Jersey Shore Jazz & Blues Festival scheduled itself for single days each in Middletown, Long Branch, and Asbury Park across July, August, and September. Relations between the two organizations had been poor for a while, and the two events continued to go their separate ways over the next few years. As of 2017, however, Riverfest stopped happening, due its organizers said to costs having become prohibitive. Typical headlining acts for the Festival included John Pizzarelli (2010), Houston Person (2009), Big Bill Morganfield (2007), Eddie Palmieri (2005), Rod Piazza and the Mighty Flyers (2002), and Bernie Worrell and the Woo Warriers (1999). See also Blues portalNew Jersey portal List of blues festivals List of jazz festivals References ^ a b "Jazz fest kicks off summer", Asbury Park Press, May 31, 2007. ^ a b c d John Burton. "Red Bank Riverfest Dries Up", The Two Rivers Times, May 13, 2017. ^ a b c Mike Barris. "Festival has the blues", Asbury Park Press, May 25, 2008. ^ Karen DeMasters. "Music as Close as Boards or the Beach", The New York Times, May 14, 2000. ^ Larry Higgs. "Red Bank jazz festival begins Friday", Asbury Park Press, June 3, 2009. ^ Carol Gorga Williams. "Red Bank jazz and blues fest gets new name, home", Asbury Park Press, June 3, 2010. ^ Dustin Racioppi. "Jazz & Blues Fest Busts Itself in Three", RedBankGreen.com, May 24, 2011 ^ Press release. "Historic Jazz Festival at New Locations", Atlantic Highlands Herald, May 23, 2011. External links Jersey Shore Jazz & Blues Festival 2011 Red Bank Riverfest 2011 Media related to Red Bank Jazz & Blues Festival at Wikimedia Commons vteJazz festivalsBy country Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania Historic festivals (1950s-1970) Beaulieu Jazz Festival Golden River City Jazz Festival National Jazz and Blues Festival Newport Jazz Festival Prague International Jazz Festival JazzFest Berlin Jazz Bilzen Pori Jazz Ann Arbor Blues and Jazz Festival Bath Festival of Blues and Progressive Music New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival Categories Jazz festivals Jazz events Jazz clubs Culture Jazz dance List of jazz musicians Related events Concert tour Music festival Pop festival Rock festival Commons
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Sited at Marine Park along the Navesink River, the festival was in operation between 1987 and 2016. Organized during some of this time by the non-profit Jersey Shore Jazz & Blues Foundation, the festival typically ran from Friday late afternoon through Sunday late afternoon, and according to varying estimates attracted some 80,000 to 150,000 people over the three days.[1][2] It was said to be the largest free event of its kind in the Northeast United States.[3]","title":"Red Bank Jazz & Blues Festival"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tworivers-2"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RedBankJazzBluesFest2009r.jpg"},{"link_name":"Washington Mutual","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Mutual"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-app053107-1"},{"link_name":"CD 101.9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFAN-FM"},{"link_name":"sponsor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-app052508-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-app052508-3"},{"link_name":"late 2000s recession","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_2000s_recession"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-app060309-5"},{"link_name":"Monmouth Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monmouth_Park"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Middletown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middletown_Township,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Long Branch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Branch,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Asbury Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbury_Park,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tworivers-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tworivers-2"},{"link_name":"John Pizzarelli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pizzarelli"},{"link_name":"Houston Person","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Person"},{"link_name":"Big Bill Morganfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bill_Morganfield"},{"link_name":"Eddie Palmieri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Palmieri"},{"link_name":"Rod Piazza and the Mighty Flyers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Piazza_and_the_Mighty_Flyers"},{"link_name":"Bernie Worrell and the Woo Warriers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Worrell_and_the_Woo_Warriers"}],"text":"Music was presented on the main Marina Stage as well as the smaller Harbor Experience or Riverfront Stage. Beginning in the late 2000s, a third stage showcased local and youth artists. Numerous vendors of foods and wares surrounded the music area, which was a short stroll from Red Bank's Broad Street center. The event grew out of, and then somewhat co-existed with, the International Food Festival, which had been in operation since around 1980 with the purpose of showcasing the efforts of local restaurants while featuring some music as well.[4][2]Juke Joint Johnny perform with Chelsea Palermo on the Riverfront Stage, June 2009; marina boats on the Navesink set the scene.In 2007, the festival was sponsored by Washington Mutual;[1] area smooth jazz radio station CD 101.9 always had a presence as well. In 2008, the festival lacked a title sponsor for the first time since 2003;[3] organizers said the festival's existence was in financial jeopardy for 2009.[3] The festival did go forward in 2009 despite the ongoing late 2000s recession and even further diminished sponsorship, with organizers stressing the need for attendees to contribute and some second stage performers foregoing being paid.[5] Due to construction in Marine Park, the 2010 festival relocated inland to Monmouth Park under the name Jersey Shore Jazz & Blues Festival.[6]For 2011, the Red Bank Riverfest reclaimed its old spot in the first weekend of June in the park,[7] featuring local, often rock-oriented bands, while the Jersey Shore Jazz & Blues Festival scheduled itself for single days each in Middletown, Long Branch, and Asbury Park across July, August, and September.[8] Relations between the two organizations had been poor for a while, and the two events continued to go their separate ways over the next few years.[2]As of 2017, however, Riverfest stopped happening, due its organizers said to costs having become prohibitive.[2]Typical headlining acts for the Festival included John Pizzarelli (2010), Houston Person (2009), Big Bill Morganfield (2007), Eddie Palmieri (2005), Rod Piazza and the Mighty Flyers (2002), and Bernie Worrell and the Woo Warriers (1999).","title":"History"}]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgor_Gaoith
Sgòr Gaoith
["1 References"]
Coordinates: 57°04′07″N 3°48′36″W / 57.068484°N 3.810029°W / 57.068484; -3.810029Mountain in Scotland This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Sgòr Gaoith" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Sgòr GaoithThe summit of Sgòr GaoithHighest pointElevation1,118 m (3,668 ft)Prominence242 m (794 ft)Parent peakBraeriachListingMarilyn, MunroNamingEnglish translationwindy peakLanguage of nameGaelicPronunciationScottish Gaelic: GeographyLocationCairngorms, ScotlandOS gridNN903989Topo mapOS Landranger 36, 43GeologyMountain typeGranite Sgòr Gaoith (Scottish Gaelic: Sgòr Gaoithe, 'windy peak') is a mountain peak in the far western massif of the Cairngorms in the Scottish Highlands. It is 1,118 metres (3,668 ft) high, and is the highest point on a long north-south ridge. The ridge is separated from the Braeriach massif to the east by Glen Eanaich and Loch Eanaich. The name 'Sgòr Gaoith' also refers to the mountain as a whole. The other summits of the mountain are Sgòran Dubh Mòr (1,111 m high) to the north, and Càrn Bàn Mòr (1052 m high) to the south. The eastern side of Sgòr Gaoith is girded by steep cliffs which plunge down to Loch Eanaich; the western side is composed of heather slopes and a number of shallow corries. The two most commonly used routes up Sgòr Gaoith start from Glen Feshie to the west. One ascends the mountain via a track starting in the pine woods, leading up into Coire Ruadh and thence to the summit by a number of indistinct paths. The other starts further south down Glen Feshie from a car-park just before the farm of Achlean and reaches the summit via the lower peak of Carn Ban Mòr (1,052 m). References ^ "walkhighlands Sgor Gaoith". walkhighlands.co.uk. 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2013. ^ "Sgor Gaoith". Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba: Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sgòr Gaoith. 57°04′07″N 3°48′36″W / 57.068484°N 3.810029°W / 57.068484; -3.810029 vteMunros of Scotland: the Cairngorms Ben Avon Beinn a' Bhùird Beinn Bhreac Beinn a' Chaorainn Beinn Bhrotain Ben Macdui Beinn Mheadhoin Braeriach Bynack More Cairn Gorm Cairn Toul Càrn a' Mhàim Derry Cairngorm The Devil's Point Monadh Mòr Mullach Clach a' Bhlàir Sgòr Gaoith Sgòr an Lochain Uaine List of Munros This Highland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabell_Klein
Isabell Klein
["1 References"]
German handball player (born 1984) Isabell Klein Personal informationBorn (1984-06-28) 28 June 1984 (age 39)Oberschleißheim, GermanyNationality GermanHeight 1.72 m (5 ft 8 in)Playing position Right backClub informationCurrent club Nantes HandballNumber 3Senior clubsYears Team TSV Schleißheim000–2003 TSV Ismaning2003–2007 HSG Bensheim/Auerbach2007–2016 Buxtehuder SV2016–2018 Nantes HandballNational teamYears Team Apps (Gls)2008–2017 Germany 91 (102) Isabell Klein (born 28 June 1984) née Isabell Nagel, is a German former handball player for Nantes Handball. She participated in the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil. She is married to Dominik Klein, who plays handball for the French club HBC Nantes. References ^ EHF profile ^ "XX Women's World Championship 2011; Brasil – Team Roster Germany" (PDF). International Handball Federation. Retrieved 11 December 2011. ^ "Profile". dhb.de. Retrieved 10 September 2014. Germany squads vteGermany squad – Women's handball – 2011 World Championship – 17th place 1 Englert 3 Klein 6 Mietzner 7 Augsburg 8 Müller 10 Loerper 12 Kramarczyk 13 Krause 15 Richter 16 Woltering 17 Langkeit 19 Melbeck 20 Althaus 21 Nadgornaja 31 Wohlbold 33 Schulze Coach: Jensen vteGermany squad – Women's handball – 2016 European Championship – 6th place 3 Klein 5 Lang 6 Karolius 7 Schmelzer 10 Loerper 12 Kramarczyk 13 Behnke 14 Kramer 15 Naidzinavicius 16 Woltering 17 Hubinger 19 Bölk 23 Huber 24 Fischer 31 Wohlbold 36 Eckerle 37 Stolle Coach: Biegler vteGermany squad – 2017 World Championship – 12th place 3 Klein 6 Karolius 10 Loerper 11 Smits 12 Kramarczyk 13 Behnke 15 Naidzinavicius 16 Woltering 20 Bölk 21 Nadgornaja 23 Huber 24 Fischer 26 Geschke 29 Lauenroth 31 Wohlbold 36 Eckerle 37 Stolle 42 Gubernatis Coach: Biegler This biographical article related to German team handball is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"née","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names"},{"link_name":"handball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handball"},{"link_name":"Nantes Handball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nantes_Loire_Atlantique_Handball"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"2011 World Women's Handball Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_World_Women%27s_Handball_Championship"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Dominik Klein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominik_Klein"},{"link_name":"HBC Nantes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBC_Nantes"}],"text":"Isabell Klein (born 28 June 1984) née Isabell Nagel, is a German former handball player for Nantes Handball.[1]She participated in the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil.[2][3]She is married to Dominik Klein, who plays handball for the French club HBC Nantes.","title":"Isabell Klein"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augie_Doggie_and_Doggie_Daddy
Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy
["1 Summary","2 Theme song","3 Character information","3.1 Augie Doggie","3.2 Doggie Daddy","4 Episodes","4.1 Series overview","4.2 Season 1 (1959–60)","4.3 Season 2 (1960)","4.4 Season 3 (1961)","5 In other languages","6 Later appearances","7 Video game","8 See also","9 References","10 External links"]
Television series Augie Doggie and Doggie DaddyGenreComedySlice of LifeCreated by William Hanna Joseph Barbera Written byMichael MalteseDirected by William Hanna Joseph Barbera Voices of Daws Butler Doug Young Theme music composer William Hanna Joseph Barbera ComposersHoyt Curtin, Capitol Hi-Q LibraryCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons3No. of episodes45ProductionProducers William Hanna Joseph Barbera Production companyHanna-BarberaOriginal releaseNetworkFirst-run syndicationReleaseSeptember 19, 1959 (1959-09-19) –October 20, 1961 (1961-10-20) Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy are Hanna-Barbera cartoon characters who debuted on The Quick Draw McGraw Show and appeared in their own segment. The segments centered on the misadventures of a dachshund father-and-son team. Doggie Daddy (voiced by Doug Young with a Brooklyn accent, based on a Jimmy Durante impersonation) tried to do the best he could at raising his rambunctious son Augie (voiced by Daws Butler). The characters have made appearances outside of their series, including in their own video game and in Yogi's Ark Lark and its spin-off series. Summary The segments centered around the misadventures of a dachshund father-and-son team. Doggie Daddy (voiced by Doug Young) tried to do the best he could at raising his rambunctious son Augie (voiced by Daws Butler). Augie, who loved his father, would often refer to him as "dear old Dad". Their mutual admiration included Daddy gently chiding, "Augie, my son, my son", when he would disappoint his father; and when his son would say or do something that inspired pride, Daddy would turn to the audience and say with a grin, "Dat's my boy who said dat!" The segments and characters were similar to the Spike and Tyke cartoons William Hanna and Joseph Barbera produced during their theatrical animation careers at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in the 1940s and 1950s. Theme song A 45 rpm record released at the height of the show's popularity featured the show's theme song. The lyrics included this chorus: Augie Dog was feeling sad 'till he learned from Doggie Dad-- Ears can flop and tails can sway--flippity, floppity, wiggeldy, waggeldy-- All of your troubles away. An instrumental version of the song was used as the introductory theme to each cartoon. Character information Augie Doggie Augie is a highly spirited pup who is motivated by ambition and the desire to make his father proud. He is typically seen wearing only a green shirt. Possessing some knowledge in science and the ability to converse with animals, Augie would often capitalize upon his father's foibles. In the series Jellystone!, Augie is depicted as female. Doggie Daddy The smooth-talking Doggie Daddy attempts to provide strict parental guidance to Augie, often to Augie's displeasure. Doggie Daddy is usually depicted wearing only a purple collar. Despite his strictness, Doggie Daddy has a warm personality and typically acquiesces to his son's wishes. Doug Young voiced Doggie Daddy as a Jimmy Durante impersonation. Episodes Series overview SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired126September 19, 1959 (1959-09-19)March 12, 1960 (1960-03-12)213September 20, 1960 (1960-09-20)December 3, 1960 (1960-12-03)36September 15, 1961 (1961-09-15)October 20, 1961 (1961-10-20) Season 1 (1959–60) No.overallNo. inseasonTitleOriginal air date11"Fox Hound Hounded Fox"September 19, 1959 (1959-09-19) Tired of getting small toy foxes for his birthday every year, Doggie Daddy allows Augie to go into the woods for a real one. 22"Watch Dog Augie"September 26, 1959 (1959-09-26) Augie is permitted by his father to guard their home for one night. 33"Skunk You Very Much"October 3, 1959 (1959-10-03) Augie befriends a skunk, much to his father's dislike. 44"In the Picnic of Time"October 10, 1959 (1959-10-10) An ant takes a beating from Doggie Daddy, then decides to assemble some troops to get back at him. 55"High & Flighty"October 17, 1959 (1959-10-17) Augie comes up with a flying saucer and heads into orbit. 66"Nag, Nag, Nag"October 24, 1959 (1959-10-24) Augie wants to keep a horse at home but his father is reluctant. 77"Talk It Up Pup"October 31, 1959 (1959-10-31) For unknown reasons, Augie won't speak to his father. 88"Tee Vee or Not Tee Vee"November 7, 1959 (1959-11-07) A neighborhood child challenges Augie if his father ever starred on television. Doggie Daddy goes for it. 99"Big Top Pop"November 14, 1959 (1959-11-14) Augie decides to live a life in the circus. His father then follows. 1010"Million Dollar Robbery"November 21, 1959 (1959-11-21) Augie steals a sack of cash from a bank to pay his father's bills, or so Doggie Daddy thinks. 1111"Pup Plays Pop"November 28, 1959 (1959-11-28) Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy exchange roles. 1212"Pop's Nature Pup"December 5, 1959 (1959-12-05) Augie and his father go camping. 1313"Good Mouse Keeping"December 12, 1959 (1959-12-12) The duo tries to get rid of an annoying mouse from their home. 1414"Whatever Goes Pup"December 19, 1959 (1959-12-19) Doggie Daddy drinks a potion made by his son and starts to become airborne. 1515"Cat Happy Pappy"December 26, 1959 (1959-12-26) Doggie Daddy teaches his son how to deal with a vicious cat. 1616"Ro-Butler"January 7, 1960 (1960-01-07) Augie invents a robot to be a servant to the household. 1717"Pipsqueak Pop"January 9, 1960 (1960-01-09) Doggie Daddy applies another potion made by his son and shrinks. 1818"Fan Clubbed"January 16, 1960 (1960-01-16) Because Augie's favorite hero wouldn't show up on his birthday, Doggie Daddy, in disguise, takes charge. 1919"Crow Cronies"January 23, 1960 (1960-01-23) A sly crow tricks the duo to providing him hospitality. 2020"Gone to the Ducks"January 30, 1960 (1960-01-30) An orphaned duck wishes to join the family. 2121"Mars Little Precious"February 6, 1960 (1960-02-06) A baby alien is sent to be baby-sat by Augie. 2222"Swats the Matter"February 13, 1960 (1960-02-13) Three mosquitoes infiltrate the duo's home. 2323"Snagglepuss"February 20, 1960 (1960-02-20) Augie adopts a run-away circus lion. 2424"Hum Sweet Hum"February 27, 1960 (1960-02-27) A wiley alley cat tries to get Augie's trained hummingbird before his "big TV appearance". 2525"Peck o' Trouble"March 5, 1960 (1960-03-05) A nutty woodpecker insists on staying at Augie's house, despite Doggie Daddy's objections. 2626"Fuss & Feathers"March 12, 1960 (1960-03-12) An ostrich hatches from an egg that rolls into the Doggie hen house and Augie decides to adopt it. Season 2 (1960) No.overallNo. inseasonTitleOriginal air date271"Yuk, Yuk Duck"September 20, 1960 (1960-09-20) The orphaned duck pays them a visit to their home. 282"It's a Mice Day"September 22, 1960 (1960-09-22) Augie tries to cure his friend, a sick mouse, but a cat is on the loose and is eventually shrunk by Augie with his shrinking chemical. 293"Bud Brothers"September 24, 1960 (1960-09-24) Augie creates a voracious plant that starts eating all the food. 304"Pint Giant"October 1, 1960 (1960-10-01) While Augie tries to find a giant that only exists in a fable, his father attempts to make it a reality through disguise. 315"It's a Worm Day"October 8, 1960 (1960-10-08) Fearing that he might lose his worth as a father, Doggie Daddy attempts to eliminate a bookworm from the library. 326"Patient Pop"October 15, 1960 (1960-10-15) Doggie Daddy acts as a sick patient to play along with his son, but a cat bothers patient Doggie Daddy. 337"Let's Duck Out"October 22, 1960 (1960-10-22) While the duo are having a winter trip, they are greeted again by the orphaned duck. 348"The Party Lion"October 29, 1960 (1960-10-29) A lion (Snagglepuss) escapes from the zoo and acts as a rug in the two dogs' home. 359"The Musket-Tears"November 5, 1960 (1960-11-05) Doggie Daddy makes up stories about him being one of the musketeers just to impress his child. 3610"Horse Fathers"November 12, 1960 (1960-11-12) Doggie Daddy receives a horse for his birthday from Augie. 3711"Playmate Pup"November 19, 1960 (1960-11-19) Augie makes up an imaginary friend. 3812"Little Wonder"November 26, 1960 (1960-11-26) Doggie Daddy plans to make a real genius out of his son. 3913"Treasure Jest"December 3, 1960 (1960-12-03) Augie and a British parrot go treasure hunting. Season 3 (1961) No.overallNo. inseasonTitleOriginal air date401"Ape to Z"September 15, 1961 (1961-09-15) Augie befriends a gorilla and tries to keep it indoors. 412"Growing, Growing Gone"September 22, 1961 (1961-09-22) Augie starts to go on a journey on his own to prove to his dad that he's grown up. 423"Dough Nutty"September 29, 1961 (1961-09-29) Augie gets his hands on a money-counterfeiting machine. The owner attempts to get it back from him. Augie puts on a circus act for a request by the owner so he can get the money since Augie hid it. 434"Party Pooper Pop"October 6, 1961 (1961-10-06) Doggie Daddy gives pointers to Augie on how to impress the guests at the party next door. 445"Hand to Mouse"October 13, 1961 (1961-10-13) Doggie Daddy wants Bigelow Mouse to leave the house, but he refuses. 456"Vacation Tripped"October 20, 1961 (1961-10-20) Augie and Doggie Daddy goes on a hunting trip to Mars, encountering a wacky Martian "rabbit". In other languages Croatian: Ogi i Dogi Portuguese: Bibo Pai e Bobi Filho Spanish: Canuto y Canito Italian: Tatino e Papino / Tatino e Tatone Japanese: オギーとダディー (Augie and Daddy) French: Jappy et Pappy Toutou Finnish: Pik Haukku ja Isioo Haukku Polish: Augie i Daddy Czech: Alík a psí taťka German: Pit und Pitty Later appearances Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy appeared in Yogi's Ark Lark, its spin-off series Yogi's Gang, Laff-A-Lympics, and Yogi's Treasure Hunt. John Stephenson voiced Doggie Daddy in those appearances since Doug Young was first caring for his ailing wife at the time. They also appeared in Casper's First Christmas, Yogi's First Christmas, Yogi Bear's All Star Comedy Christmas Caper, and Yogi Bear and the Magical Flight of the Spruce Goose. Doggie Daddy appears in The Good, the Bad, and Huckleberry Hound. Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy appear in the "Fender Bender 500" segment of Wake, Rattle, and Roll. They drive a doghouse-modeled monster truck called the Lucky Trucky. Auggie Doggie and Doggie Daddy appear in Yo Yogi!, respectively voiced by John Stephenson and Patric Zimmerman. The former is the owner of the Jellystone Mall while the latter is his heir. Doggie Daddy makes a cameo appearance in the Family Guy episode "Brothers & Sisters". Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy make a cameo appearance in the Web Premiere Toons short "Law and Doggie". Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy make a cameo appearance in the Super Bowl XLVI commercial "Everyone". Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy appear in Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, respectively voiced by Chris Edgerly and Maurice LaMarche. Doggie Daddy makes a cameo appearance in the I Am Weasel episode "I Am My Lifetime". Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy appear in DC Comics' The Snagglepuss Chronicles. Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy appear in DC Comics' Deathstroke/Yogi Bear Special #1 as captured animals alongside other Hanna-Barbera characters. Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy make a cameo appearance in the Animaniacs segment "Suffragette City". Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy appear in Jellystone!, respectively voiced by Georgie Kidder and C.H. Greenblatt. This version of Augie is female and was created through a deal Doggie Daddy made with a sea hag, while Doggie Daddy is highly overprotective and cannot stand to be away from her. Doggie Daddy makes a cameo appearance in the Teen Titans Go! episode "Warner Bros. 100th Anniversary". Video game A video game featuring and named for the characters was released in 1991 for the Commodore 64. See also Quick Draw McGraw List of works produced by Hanna-Barbera References ^ Erickson, Hal (2005). Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003 (2nd ed.). McFarland & Co. pp. 649–650. ISBN 978-1476665993. ^ Sennett, Ted (1989). The Art of Hanna-Barbera: Fifty Years of Creativity. Studio. p. 77. ISBN 978-0670829781. Retrieved 2 June 2020. ^ a b Mansour, David (2011). From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 9780740793073. ^ a b "Dialogue With Doggie Daddy - News From ME". News From ME. 2004-03-24. Archived from the original on 2018-04-03. Retrieved 2018-04-02. ^ a b Mansour, David (2011-06-01). From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 9780740793073. ^ a b Yowp (2018-01-28). "Yowp: Farewell to Doggie Daddy". Yowp. Archived from the original on 2018-04-03. Retrieved 2018-04-02. ^ Pendergast, Sara (2000). Pendergast, Tom (ed.). Writers and production artists. St. James Press. p. 366. ISBN 9781558624535. Butch and Pup (renamed Spike and Tyke afterwards) ... were finally metamorphosed into the more successful television characters of Augie Doggy and Doggie Daddy ^ "Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy (1959) - Intro". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2014-10-24. Retrieved 2017-02-23. ^ Rovin, Jeff (1991). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Cartoon Animals. Prentice Hall Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-13-275561-0. Retrieved 8 April 2020. ^ a b "Jellystone! Official Trailer HBO Max Family". YouTube. 24 June 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-24. ^ "Doggie Daddy". Inyxception Enterprises Inc. Archived from the original on 2017-02-23. Retrieved 2017-02-23. ^ "HBO Max Sets New Looney Tunes, Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Robert Zemeckis Hybrid Series 'Tooned Out', More for Kids & Family Slate". 29 October 2019. Archived from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2019. ^ Hemmert, Kylie (June 24, 2021). "Jellystone!: Hanna-Barbera Characters Return in HBO Max Original Animated Series". Comingsoon.net. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2021. ^ "Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy for Commodore 64 (1991)". MobyGames. 2014-11-02. Archived from the original on 2017-03-19. Retrieved 2017-03-18. External links Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy at the Big Cartoon DataBase Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 7, 2012. vteThe Quick Draw McGraw ShowCharacters Quick Draw McGraw Baba Looey Snuffles Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy Snooper and Blabber Television showsand specials The Quick Draw McGraw Show (1959–1961) Yogi's Gang (1973) Laff-A-Lympics (1977–1978) Casper's First Christmas (1979) Yogi Bear's All Star Comedy Christmas Caper (1982) Yogi's Treasure Hunt (1985–1988) Hanna-Barbera's 50th: A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration (1989) Wake, Rattle, and Roll (Fender Bender segment; 1990–1991) Yo Yogi! (1991) Jellystone! (2021) Television films Yogi's Ark Lark (1972) Yogi's Great Escape (1987) Yogi Bear and the Magical Flight of the Spruce Goose (1987) The Good, the Bad, and Huckleberry Hound (1988) See also: List of works produced by Hanna-Barbera vteHanna-BarberaOriginalproductions1950s debuts The Ruff and Reddy Show (1957–1960) The Huckleberry Hound Show (1958–1961) The Quick Draw McGraw Show (1959–1961) 1960s debuts The Flintstones (1960–1966) The Yogi Bear Show (1961–1962) Top Cat (1961–1962) The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series (1962–1963) The Jetsons (1962–1987) The Magilla Gorilla Show (1963–1967) Jonny Quest (1964–1965) The Peter Potamus Show (1964–1966) The Atom Ant/Secret Squirrel Show (1965–1968) Frankenstein Jr. and The Impossibles (1966–1968) Space Ghost and Dino Boy (1966–1968) The Space Kidettes (1966–1967) Birdman and the Galaxy Trio (1967–1969) The Herculoids (1967–1968) Shazzan (1967–1969) Moby Dick and Mighty Mightor (1967–1969) The Fantastic Four (1967–1968) Samson & Goliath (1967–1968) The Banana Splits Adventure Hour (1968–1970) The Adventures of Gulliver (1968–1969) The New Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1968–1969) Wacky Races (1968–1970) The Perils of Penelope Pitstop (1969–1971) Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines (1969–1971) Cattanooga Cats (1969–1971) Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! (1969–1978) 1970s debuts Where's Huddles? (1970) Josie and the Pussycats (1970–1971) The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show (1971–1972) Help!... It's the Hair Bear Bunch! (1971–1972) The Funky Phantom (1971–1972) The Amazing Chan and the Chan Clan (1972) Wait Till Your Father Gets Home (1972–1974) The Flintstone Comedy Hour (1972–1973) The Roman Holidays (1972) Sealab 2020 (1972) The New Scooby-Doo Movies (1972–1974) Speed Buggy (1973) Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kids (1973) Yogi's Gang (1973) Super Friends (1973–1974) Goober and the Ghost Chasers (1973–1975) Inch High, Private Eye (1973–1974) Jeannie (1973–1975) The Addams Family (1973) Hong Kong Phooey (1974) Devlin (1974) These Are the Days (1974–1975) Valley of the Dinosaurs (1974–1975) Wheelie and the Chopper Bunch (1974–1975) The New Tom & Jerry/Grape Ape/Mumbly Show (1975–1977) The Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt Hour (1976–1977) Clue Club (1976–1977) Jabberjaw (1976–1978) Taggart's Treasure (1976) Fred Flintstone and Friends (1977–1978) Scooby's All-Star Laff-A-Lympics (1977–1979) CB Bears (1977–1978) The Skatebirds (1977–1978) The All-New Super Friends Hour (1977–1978) The All New Popeye Hour (1978–1983) Yogi's Space Race (1978–1979) Challenge of the Super Friends (1978) The New Fred and Barney Show (1979) Fred and Barney Meet the Thing (1979) Casper and the Angels (1979–1980) The New Shmoo (1979) Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo (1979–1980) The World's Greatest SuperFriends (1979–1980) Fred and Barney Meet the Shmoo (1979–1980) 1980s debuts The Flintstone Comedy Show (1980–1982) The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show (1980–1982) Space Stars (1981–1982) The Kwicky Koala Show (1981–1982) Trollkins (1981–1982) The Smurfs (1981–1989) The Flintstone Funnies (1982–1984) The Scooby & Scrappy-Doo/Puppy Hour (1982–1983) Jokebook (1982) The Gary Coleman Show (1982) Shirt Tales (1982) Pac-Man (1982) The New Scooby Doo Mysteries (1983–1985) The Biskitts (1983–1985) Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show (1984–1985) Paw Paws (1985–1986) Yogi's Treasure Hunt (1985–1988) Galtar and the Golden Lance (1985–1986) The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians (1985–1986) The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo (1985) The Greatest Adventure: Stories from the Bible (1985–1992) The New Adventures of Jonny Quest (1986–1987) Pound Puppies (1986–1987) The Flintstone Kids (1986–1987) A Pup Named Scooby-Doo (1988–1991) The Completely Mental Misadventures of Ed Grimley (1988) The New Yogi Bear Show (1988) Fantastic Max (1988) The Further Adventures of SuperTed (1989) Paddington Bear (1989) 1990s debuts Tom & Jerry Kids (1990–1994) Captain Planet and the Planeteers (1990–1996) The Pirates of Dark Water (1991–1993) Yo Yogi! (1991) Fish Police (1992) The Addams Family (1992) Droopy, Master Detective (1993–1994) The New Adventures of Captain Planet (1993–1996) SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron (1993–1994) 2 Stupid Dogs (1993–1995) Dumb and Dumber (1995–1996) Cave Kids (1996) The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest (1996–1997) Cartoon Networkproductions What a Cartoon! (1995–1997) Dexter's Laboratory (1996–1997) Johnny Bravo (1997–2002) Cow and Chicken (1997–1999) I Am Weasel (1997–2000) The Powerpuff Girls (1998–2002) Founders William Hanna Joseph Barbera Amusementattractions Hanna–Barbera Land The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera Comics Hanna-Barbera Beyond Other media Films Video games See also Tom and Jerry Characters List of Scooby-Doo media Ruby-Spears 1982 animators' strike Jellystone!
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hanna-Barbera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna-Barbera"},{"link_name":"cartoon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoon"},{"link_name":"The Quick Draw McGraw Show","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quick_Draw_McGraw_Show"},{"link_name":"dachshund","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dachshund"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Erickson-1"},{"link_name":"Doug Young","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Young_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Jimmy Durante","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Durante"},{"link_name":"Daws Butler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daws_Butler"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Yogi's Ark Lark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi%27s_Ark_Lark"}],"text":"Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy are Hanna-Barbera cartoon characters who debuted on The Quick Draw McGraw Show and appeared in their own segment. The segments centered on the misadventures of a dachshund father-and-son team.[1] Doggie Daddy (voiced by Doug Young with a Brooklyn accent, based on a Jimmy Durante impersonation) tried to do the best he could at raising his rambunctious son Augie (voiced by Daws Butler).[2] The characters have made appearances outside of their series, including in their own video game and in Yogi's Ark Lark and its spin-off series.","title":"Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"dachshund","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dachshund"},{"link_name":"Doug Young","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Young_(actor)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-6"},{"link_name":"Daws Butler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daws_Butler"},{"link_name":"Spike and Tyke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_and_Tyke"},{"link_name":"William Hanna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hanna"},{"link_name":"Joseph Barbera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Barbera"},{"link_name":"Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"The segments centered around the misadventures of a dachshund father-and-son team. Doggie Daddy (voiced by Doug Young[3][4][5][6]) tried to do the best he could at raising his rambunctious son Augie (voiced by Daws Butler). Augie, who loved his father, would often refer to him as \"dear old Dad\". Their mutual admiration included Daddy gently chiding, \"Augie, my son, my son\", when he would disappoint his father; and when his son would say or do something that inspired pride, Daddy would turn to the audience and say with a grin, \"Dat's my boy who said dat!\"The segments and characters were similar to the Spike and Tyke cartoons William Hanna and Joseph Barbera produced during their theatrical animation careers at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in the 1940s and 1950s.[7]","title":"Summary"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"45 rpm record","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45_rpm_record"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"A 45 rpm record released at the height of the show's popularity featured the show's theme song. The lyrics included this chorus:Augie Dog was feeling sad 'till he learned from Doggie Dad--\nEars can flop and tails can sway--flippity, floppity, wiggeldy, waggeldy--\nAll of your troubles away.An instrumental version of the song was used as the introductory theme to each cartoon.[8]","title":"Theme song"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Character information"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Jellystone!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellystone!"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-trailer-10"}],"sub_title":"Augie Doggie","text":"Augie is a highly spirited pup who is motivated by ambition and the desire to make his father proud. He is typically seen wearing only a green shirt. Possessing some knowledge in science and the ability to converse with animals, Augie would often capitalize upon his father's foibles.[9] In the series Jellystone!, Augie is depicted as female.[10]","title":"Character information"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Doug Young","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Young_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Jimmy Durante","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Durante"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-6"}],"sub_title":"Doggie Daddy","text":"The smooth-talking Doggie Daddy attempts to provide strict parental guidance to Augie, often to Augie's displeasure. Doggie Daddy is usually depicted wearing only a purple collar.[11] Despite his strictness, Doggie Daddy has a warm personality and typically acquiesces to his son's wishes. Doug Young voiced Doggie Daddy as a Jimmy Durante impersonation.[3][4][5][6]","title":"Character information"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#Season_1_(1959%E2%80%931960)"},{"link_name":"2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#Season_2_(1960)"},{"link_name":"3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#Season_3_(1961)"}],"sub_title":"Series overview","text":"SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired126September 19, 1959 (1959-09-19)March 12, 1960 (1960-03-12)213September 20, 1960 (1960-09-20)December 3, 1960 (1960-12-03)36September 15, 1961 (1961-09-15)October 20, 1961 (1961-10-20)","title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Season 1 (1959–60)","title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Season 2 (1960)","title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Season 3 (1961)","title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Croatian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_language"},{"link_name":"Portuguese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language"},{"link_name":"Spanish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language"},{"link_name":"Italian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language"},{"link_name":"Japanese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language"},{"link_name":"French","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language"},{"link_name":"Finnish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_language"},{"link_name":"Polish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_language"},{"link_name":"Czech","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_language"},{"link_name":"German","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language"}],"text":"Croatian: Ogi i Dogi\nPortuguese: Bibo Pai e Bobi Filho\nSpanish: Canuto y Canito\nItalian: Tatino e Papino / Tatino e Tatone\nJapanese: オギーとダディー (Augie and Daddy)\nFrench: Jappy et Pappy Toutou\nFinnish: Pik Haukku ja Isioo Haukku\nPolish: Augie i Daddy\nCzech: Alík a psí taťka\nGerman: Pit und Pitty","title":"In other languages"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Yogi's Ark Lark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi%27s_Ark_Lark"},{"link_name":"Yogi's Gang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi%27s_Gang"},{"link_name":"Laff-A-Lympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laff-A-Lympics"},{"link_name":"Yogi's Treasure Hunt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi%27s_Treasure_Hunt"},{"link_name":"John Stephenson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stephenson_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Casper's First Christmas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casper%27s_First_Christmas"},{"link_name":"Yogi's First Christmas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi%27s_First_Christmas"},{"link_name":"Yogi Bear's All Star Comedy Christmas Caper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi_Bear%27s_All_Star_Comedy_Christmas_Caper"},{"link_name":"Yogi Bear and the Magical Flight of the Spruce Goose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi_Bear_and_the_Magical_Flight_of_the_Spruce_Goose"},{"link_name":"The Good, the Bad, and Huckleberry Hound","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Good,_the_Bad,_and_Huckleberry_Hound"},{"link_name":"Wake, Rattle, and Roll","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake,_Rattle,_and_Roll"},{"link_name":"Yo Yogi!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo_Yogi!"},{"link_name":"Patric Zimmerman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patric_Zimmerman"},{"link_name":"Family Guy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_Guy"},{"link_name":"Brothers & Sisters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brothers_%26_Sisters_(Family_Guy)"},{"link_name":"Super Bowl XLVI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVI"},{"link_name":"Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Birdman,_Attorney_at_Law"},{"link_name":"Chris Edgerly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Edgerly"},{"link_name":"Maurice LaMarche","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_LaMarche"},{"link_name":"I Am Weasel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Am_Weasel"},{"link_name":"DC Comics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Comics"},{"link_name":"The Snagglepuss Chronicles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exit,_Stage_Left!:_The_Snagglepuss_Chronicles"},{"link_name":"DC Comics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Comics"},{"link_name":"Animaniacs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animaniacs_(2020_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Jellystone!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellystone!"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"C.H. Greenblatt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._H._Greenblatt"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-trailer-10"},{"link_name":"Teen Titans Go!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_Titans_Go!"}],"text":"Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy appeared in Yogi's Ark Lark, its spin-off series Yogi's Gang, Laff-A-Lympics, and Yogi's Treasure Hunt. John Stephenson voiced Doggie Daddy in those appearances since Doug Young was first caring for his ailing wife at the time. They also appeared in Casper's First Christmas, Yogi's First Christmas, Yogi Bear's All Star Comedy Christmas Caper, and Yogi Bear and the Magical Flight of the Spruce Goose.\nDoggie Daddy appears in The Good, the Bad, and Huckleberry Hound.\nAugie Doggie and Doggie Daddy appear in the \"Fender Bender 500\" segment of Wake, Rattle, and Roll. They drive a doghouse-modeled monster truck called the Lucky Trucky.\nAuggie Doggie and Doggie Daddy appear in Yo Yogi!, respectively voiced by John Stephenson and Patric Zimmerman. The former is the owner of the Jellystone Mall while the latter is his heir.\nDoggie Daddy makes a cameo appearance in the Family Guy episode \"Brothers & Sisters\".\nAugie Doggie and Doggie Daddy make a cameo appearance in the Web Premiere Toons short \"Law and Doggie\".\nAugie Doggie and Doggie Daddy make a cameo appearance in the Super Bowl XLVI commercial \"Everyone\".\nAugie Doggie and Doggie Daddy appear in Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, respectively voiced by Chris Edgerly and Maurice LaMarche.\nDoggie Daddy makes a cameo appearance in the I Am Weasel episode \"I Am My Lifetime\".\nAugie Doggie and Doggie Daddy appear in DC Comics' The Snagglepuss Chronicles.\nAugie Doggie and Doggie Daddy appear in DC Comics' Deathstroke/Yogi Bear Special #1 as captured animals alongside other Hanna-Barbera characters.\nAugie Doggie and Doggie Daddy make a cameo appearance in the Animaniacs segment \"Suffragette City\".\nAugie Doggie and Doggie Daddy appear in Jellystone!,[12] respectively voiced by Georgie Kidder and C.H. Greenblatt.[13] This version of Augie is female and was created through a deal Doggie Daddy made with a sea hag, while Doggie Daddy is highly overprotective and cannot stand to be away from her.[10]\nDoggie Daddy makes a cameo appearance in the Teen Titans Go! episode \"Warner Bros. 100th Anniversary\".","title":"Later appearances"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Commodore 64","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"A video game featuring and named for the characters was released in 1991 for the Commodore 64.[14]","title":"Video game"}]
[]
[{"title":"Quick Draw McGraw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quick_Draw_McGraw"},{"title":"List of works produced by Hanna-Barbera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_produced_by_Hanna-Barbera"}]
[{"reference":"Erickson, Hal (2005). Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003 (2nd ed.). McFarland & Co. pp. 649–650. ISBN 978-1476665993.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1476665993","url_text":"978-1476665993"}]},{"reference":"Sennett, Ted (1989). The Art of Hanna-Barbera: Fifty Years of Creativity. Studio. p. 77. ISBN 978-0670829781. Retrieved 2 June 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/artofhannabarber00teds/page/76/mode/2up","url_text":"The Art of Hanna-Barbera: Fifty Years of Creativity"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0670829781","url_text":"978-0670829781"}]},{"reference":"Mansour, David (2011). From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 9780740793073.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=7GN0E_diWbAC&pg=PA16","url_text":"From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrews_McMeel_Publishing","url_text":"Andrews McMeel Publishing"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780740793073","url_text":"9780740793073"}]},{"reference":"\"Dialogue With Doggie Daddy - News From ME\". News From ME. 2004-03-24. Archived from the original on 2018-04-03. Retrieved 2018-04-02.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newsfromme.com/2004/03/24/dialogue-with-doggie-daddy/","url_text":"\"Dialogue With Doggie Daddy - News From ME\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180403051640/https://www.newsfromme.com/2004/03/24/dialogue-with-doggie-daddy/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Mansour, David (2011-06-01). From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 9780740793073.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=7GN0E_diWbAC&q=doggie+daddy+based+on+jimmy+durante&pg=PA16","url_text":"From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780740793073","url_text":"9780740793073"}]},{"reference":"Yowp (2018-01-28). \"Yowp: Farewell to Doggie Daddy\". Yowp. Archived from the original on 2018-04-03. Retrieved 2018-04-02.","urls":[{"url":"http://yowpyowp.blogspot.com/2018/01/farewell-to-doggie-daddy.html","url_text":"\"Yowp: Farewell to Doggie Daddy\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180403051921/http://yowpyowp.blogspot.com/2018/01/farewell-to-doggie-daddy.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Pendergast, Sara (2000). Pendergast, Tom (ed.). Writers and production artists. St. James Press. p. 366. ISBN 9781558624535. Butch and Pup (renamed Spike and Tyke afterwards) ... were finally metamorphosed into the more successful television characters of Augie Doggy and Doggie Daddy","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/internationaldic0000unse_i4g6/page/366","url_text":"Writers and production artists"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._James_Press","url_text":"St. James Press"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/internationaldic0000unse_i4g6/page/366","url_text":"366"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781558624535","url_text":"9781558624535"}]},{"reference":"\"Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy (1959) - Intro\". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2014-10-24. Retrieved 2017-02-23.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141024183655/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qq9qs9MAlsI","url_text":"\"Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy (1959) - Intro\""},{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qq9qs9MAlsI","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Rovin, Jeff (1991). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Cartoon Animals. Prentice Hall Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-13-275561-0. Retrieved 8 April 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc00rovi/page/12/mode/2up/","url_text":"The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Cartoon Animals"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-275561-0","url_text":"0-13-275561-0"}]},{"reference":"\"Jellystone! Official Trailer HBO Max Family\". YouTube. 24 June 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-24.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HAVgdujUWQ","url_text":"\"Jellystone! Official Trailer HBO Max Family\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube","url_text":"YouTube"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210624164256/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HAVgdujUWQ","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Doggie Daddy\". Inyxception Enterprises Inc. Archived from the original on 2017-02-23. Retrieved 2017-02-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/characters/Hanna-Barbera-Classics/Doggie-Daddy/","url_text":"\"Doggie Daddy\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170223222432/http://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/characters/Hanna-Barbera-Classics/Doggie-Daddy/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"HBO Max Sets New Looney Tunes, Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Robert Zemeckis Hybrid Series 'Tooned Out', More for Kids & Family Slate\". 29 October 2019. Archived from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://deadline.com/2019/10/hbo-max-looney-tunes-jellystone-the-fungies-tig-n-seek-kids-family-series-1202771895/","url_text":"\"HBO Max Sets New Looney Tunes, Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Robert Zemeckis Hybrid Series 'Tooned Out', More for Kids & Family Slate\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200507161215/https://deadline.com/2019/10/hbo-max-looney-tunes-jellystone-the-fungies-tig-n-seek-kids-family-series-1202771895/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Hemmert, Kylie (June 24, 2021). \"Jellystone!: Hanna-Barbera Characters Return in HBO Max Original Animated Series\". Comingsoon.net. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.comingsoon.net/tv/trailers/1179885-jellystone-hanna-barbera-characters-return-in-hbo-max-original-animated-series","url_text":"\"Jellystone!: Hanna-Barbera Characters Return in HBO Max Original Animated Series\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211026001205/https://www.comingsoon.net/tv/trailers/1179885-jellystone-hanna-barbera-characters-return-in-hbo-max-original-animated-series","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy for Commodore 64 (1991)\". MobyGames. 2014-11-02. Archived from the original on 2017-03-19. Retrieved 2017-03-18.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mobygames.com/game/augie-doggie-and-doggie-daddy","url_text":"\"Augie Doggie and Doggie Daddy for Commodore 64 (1991)\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170319195600/http://www.mobygames.com/game/augie-doggie-and-doggie-daddy","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teller_system
Teller system
["1 See also","2 ATM"]
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: "Teller system" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2012) This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (May 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message) A teller system is the integrated hardware and software used for retail or wholesale banking transactions, most systems communicate with a core banking system or mainframe over a secured network. The hardware may include a computer or terminal, Cash Drawers, Receipt and Passbook Validator/Printers, magnetic strip readers, pin keypads, bill counters, and bill/coin dispensers. The software is usually based on client/server where several clients (teller stations) are networked to a server which communicates to the mainframe via a dedicated line or satellite. Written by Rahim Raza the great writer See also ATM
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"core banking","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_banking"},{"link_name":"mainframe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer"},{"link_name":"secured network","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secured_network"}],"text":"A teller system is the integrated hardware and software used for retail or wholesale banking transactions, most systems communicate with a core banking system or mainframe over a secured network. The hardware may include a computer or terminal, Cash Drawers, Receipt and Passbook Validator/Printers, magnetic strip readers, pin keypads, bill counters, and bill/coin dispensers. The software is usually based on client/server where several clients (teller stations) are networked to a server which communicates to the mainframe via a dedicated line or satellite. Written by Rahim Razathe great writer","title":"Teller system"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"ATM"}]
[]
[]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard_T._Husky
Blizzard T. Husky
["1 External links","2 References"]
Sports mascot Blizzard T. Husky skating at the John MacInnes Student Ice Arena Blizzard T. Husky is the costumed mascot of Michigan Technological University (MTU), a research university focused on science and engineering in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.   Blizzard appears at Michigan Tech home sporting events such as hockey, football, basketball, and volleyball. In addition, Blizzard often attends community and campus events throughout the year. Community members can even request Blizzard to attend an event via a form on their athletics page. Christened on January 31, 1997, Blizzard’s name was chosen through a campus-wide vote. The “T” in Blizzard’s name stands for “The” and their 85 jersey number represents the year MTU was founded (1885). Blizzard occasionally travels, mostly to support critical MTU away games such as playoffs. Blizzard has also attended several Great Lakes Invitational tournaments over the years. In addition, in 2010 Blizzard became the first mascot to visit the Kennedy Space Center. External links Blizzard T. Husky Page References Blizzard Press Release ^ a b "Blizzard T. Husky". Michigan Tech Athletics. ^ Donovan, Jennifer (2010-11-11). "Blizzard is Happy to be Home". Michigan Technological University. vteMichigan Technological UniversityCampus Campus Buildings Sherman Field MacInnes Student Ice Arena Memorial Union Building Mont Ripley Seaman Mineral Museum Athletics Blizzard T. Husky Great Lakes Invitational Men's ice hockey Miner's Cup Student groups WMTU-FM Other Alberta, Michigan Michigan Tech Research Institute Winter Carnival This article about a sports, promotional, or other mascot is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This article related to sports in Michigan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_Creek_Sinkhole
Pipe Creek Sinkhole
["1 Origin and importance","2 The sinkhole's ecology","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"]
Coordinates: 40°27′39″N 85°47′41″W / 40.46081°N 85.79462°W / 40.46081; -85.79462The Pipe Creek Sinkhole near Swayzee in Grant County, Indiana, is one of the most important paleontological sites in the interior of the eastern half of North America. It is preserved because it was buried by glacial till. Uncovered in 1996 by workers at the Pipe Creek Junior limestone quarry, the sinkhole has yielded a diverse array of fossils from the Pliocene epoch, dating back five million years. Discoveries have been made there of the remains of camelids, bears, beavers, frogs, snakes, turtles, and several previously unknown species of rodents. Two fish taxa, bullhead (Ameiurus) and sunfish (Centrarchidae), have also been found there. Origin and importance The Pipe Creek Sinkhole preserves an ancient wetland. It was created by the collapse of a limestone cave in a Silurian reef formation. That left a steep-sided depression about 75 meters (246 ft) long, 50 meters (164 ft) wide and 11 meters (36 ft) deep. When water collected in the depression, it became the habitat of the plants and animals whose remains were preserved there when the sinkhole was buried by glacial outwash and till during the Pleistocene Epoch, two million to 11,000 years ago. While the ecology of the Pliocene in North America is well-known from fossil discoveries in other places, notably coastal sites, the Pleistocene glaciers destroyed or scattered most of the fossil remains in the continent's interior. The Pipe Creek Sinkhole, however, was buried by the glaciers and the debris they left, making it the only known Pliocene example in the central part of the eastern half of the continent. The sinkhole's ecology The ancient wetland was home to a large and dense plant and animal population that includes both extinct and extant forms. The climate was warm and temperate, but somewhat dry, possibly supporting a grassland-forest transitional zone. The preserved vertebrate fauna are dominated by aquatic species, particularly leopard frogs, which are still common throughout the United States. Mammalian finds include an early rhinoceros (Teleoceras, possibly from the Miocene epoch), canids, peccaries and short-faced bear. Backed by a grant from the National Science Foundation, researchers from the Indiana State Museum and several universities substantially completed field work at the sinkhole in the summer of 2004, but there was about one weeklong dig a year from 2005 to 2011. What probably was the last work at the site took place in 2014, with scientists and volunteers screening soil previously removed from the sinkhole. See also Ashfall Fossil Beds Gray Fossil Site List of fossil sites (with link directory) List of sinkholes of the United States Indiana portal References ^ For a general description of the transport and deposition of glacial sediments, see Boggs, Sam Jr. (2006). Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy (4th ed.) (PDF). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 276–288. ISBN 0-13-154728-3. Retrieved October 20, 2014. ^ Grant Troutman, "Ancient Bones Still Thrill," The News-Sentinel (Fort Wayne, Indiana), July 1, 2011, 1A, col. 1. Farlow, James O. and Anne Argast, Preservation of Fossil Bone from the Pipe Creek Sinkhole (Late Neogene, Grant County, Indiana U.S.A.), Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea, 22(1):51-75, 2006. Farlow, James O. et al., New Vertebrate Fossils from the Pipe Creek Sinkhole (Late Hemphillian, Grant County, Indiana) Paper No. 7-1, delivered at Geological Society of America, North-Central Section - 38th Annual Meeting (April 1–2, 2004), St. Louis, Missouri. Farlow, James O. et al., The Pipe Creek Sinkhole Biota, a Diverse Late Tertiary Continental Fossil Assemblage from Grant County, Indiana. American Midland Naturalist, 145:367-378. Kash, Steve, Amazing Fossils: Grant County Discovery Reveals Life from 3-6 million years ago, Outdoor Indiana, March/April 1999. Kash, Steve, Dr. Jack Sunderman Looks at Ancient River, Outdoor Indiana, November/December 2001. Martin, Robert A., H. Thomas Goodwin and James O. Farlow, Late Neogene (Late Hemphillian) Rodents from the Pipe Creek Sinkhole, Grant County, Indiana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(1):137-151, March 2002. Sheets, Hope A., and James O. Farlow, Size-Frequency Distribution of Leopard Frogs (rana pipiens complex) from the Late Tertiary Pipe Creek Sinkhole, Grant County, Indiana, Paper no. 16-11 presented at the 37th Annual Meeting of the North-Central Section, Geological Society of America, 24–25 March 2003, Kansas City, Missouri. Simo, J.A., and Patrick J. Lehmann, Diagenetic History of Pipe Creek Jr. Reef, Silurian, North Central Indiana, U.S.A., Journal of Sedimentary Research, 70(4):937, July 2000. Sunderman, Jack A., Surprises in a Sinkhole, ACRES Quarterly, 42(3), Autumn 2003, published by ACRES Land Trust, Fort Wayne, Indiana. External links The Pipe Creek Sinkhole Hillsdale College: Pipe Creek Sinkhole Project Hillsdale College: Animals of the Pipe Creek Sinkhole The Paleobiology Database: Taxonomic list for Pipe Creek Jr. Reef, Pipe Creek Jr. quarry, Grant County, Indiana: Silurian, Indiana Large-scale topographic map from TopoQuest Bing Maps: The Pipe Creek Sinkhole Farlow, James O. et al. (eds.), Geology of the Late Neogene Pipe Creek Sinkhole (Grant County, Indiana), Indiana Geological Survey Special Report 69, January 2010. Retrieved 21 October 2014. Switek, Brian (17 August 2010). "Fossil feces from an Indiana sinkhole preserve traces of a meat-eater's meal". WIRED Science Blogs. Retrieved 15 February 2013. June 21, 2011, Scientist sift through Pipe Creek Jr. sink hole one more time. 40°27′39″N 85°47′41″W / 40.46081°N 85.79462°W / 40.46081; -85.79462
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It is preserved because it was buried by glacial till.[1] Uncovered in 1996 by workers at the Pipe Creek Junior limestone quarry, the sinkhole has yielded a diverse array of fossils from the Pliocene epoch, dating back five million years. Discoveries have been made there of the remains of camelids, bears, beavers, frogs, snakes, turtles, and several previously unknown species of rodents. Two fish taxa, bullhead (Ameiurus) and sunfish (Centrarchidae), have also been found there.","title":"Pipe Creek Sinkhole"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"wetland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland"},{"link_name":"cave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave"},{"link_name":"Silurian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurian"},{"link_name":"reef","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reef"},{"link_name":"habitat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_(ecology)"},{"link_name":"glacial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier"},{"link_name":"outwash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outwash"},{"link_name":"till","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Till"},{"link_name":"Pleistocene Epoch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene"},{"link_name":"ecology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology"},{"link_name":"coastal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast"}],"text":"The Pipe Creek Sinkhole preserves an ancient wetland. It was created by the collapse of a limestone cave in a Silurian reef formation. That left a steep-sided depression about 75 meters (246 ft) long, 50 meters (164 ft) wide and 11 meters (36 ft) deep. When water collected in the depression, it became the habitat of the plants and animals whose remains were preserved there when the sinkhole was buried by glacial outwash and till during the Pleistocene Epoch, two million to 11,000 years ago.While the ecology of the Pliocene in North America is well-known from fossil discoveries in other places, notably coastal sites, the Pleistocene glaciers destroyed or scattered most of the fossil remains in the continent's interior. The Pipe Creek Sinkhole, however, was buried by the glaciers and the debris they left, making it the only known Pliocene example in the central part of the eastern half of the continent.","title":"Origin and importance"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"population","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population"},{"link_name":"extinct","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction"},{"link_name":"climate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate"},{"link_name":"vertebrate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate"},{"link_name":"fauna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_(animals)"},{"link_name":"aquatic species","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_animal"},{"link_name":"leopard frogs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopard_frog"},{"link_name":"Mammalian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal"},{"link_name":"rhinoceros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceros"},{"link_name":"Teleoceras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleoceras"},{"link_name":"Miocene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene"},{"link_name":"canids","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canidae"},{"link_name":"peccaries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peccary"},{"link_name":"short-faced bear","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plionarctos"},{"link_name":"National Science Foundation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_Foundation"},{"link_name":"Indiana State Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_State_Museum"},{"link_name":"field work","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_work"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"The ancient wetland was home to a large and dense plant and animal population that includes both extinct and extant forms. The climate was warm and temperate, but somewhat dry, possibly supporting a grassland-forest transitional zone. The preserved vertebrate fauna are dominated by aquatic species, particularly leopard frogs, which are still common throughout the United States. Mammalian finds include an early rhinoceros (Teleoceras, possibly from the Miocene epoch), canids, peccaries and short-faced bear.Backed by a grant from the National Science Foundation, researchers from the Indiana State Museum and several universities substantially completed field work at the sinkhole in the summer of 2004, but there was about one weeklong dig a year from 2005 to 2011.[2] What probably was the last work at the site took place in 2014, with scientists and volunteers screening soil previously removed from the sinkhole.","title":"The sinkhole's ecology"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Archives_of_Mongolia
National Archives of Mongolia
["1 See also","2 References","3 External links"]
National archives of Mongolia You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Chinese. (March 2016) Click for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at ]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|zh|蒙古国家档案馆}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation. The National Archives of Mongolia are the national archives of Mongolia. It is based in Ulaanbaatar, and was established in 1927. See also List of national archives References ^ History External links https://www.archives.gov.mn The English language version of the website is https://www.archives.gov.mn/duk/ vteAsian national archivesSovereign states Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor (Timor-Leste) Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen States withlimited recognition Abkhazia Northern Cyprus Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan Dependencies andother territories British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Hong Kong Macau Category Asia portal Authority control databases International VIAF National United States This Mongolia-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lunar_eclipses_in_the_21st_century
List of lunar eclipses in the 21st century
["1 List of lunar eclipses between 2000 and 2100","2 References"]
Lists of lunar eclipsesGeometry of a lunar eclipse(not to scale) Lunar eclipses by century Modern history 20th 21st Lunar eclipses in the future 22nd See also Lists of solar eclipsesvte There will be 230 lunar eclipses in the 21st century (2001–2100): 87 penumbral, 58 partial and 85 total. Eclipses are listed in sets by lunar years, repeating every 12 months for each node. Ascending node eclipses are given a red background highlight. See also: List of lunar eclipses, List of 20th-century lunar eclipses, and List of 22nd-century lunar eclipses. List of lunar eclipses between 2000 and 2100 Eclipses from August 1998 are included to complete the first eclipse set. Date Time UTC(hr:mn) Type Node Saros Gamma Magnitude Duration(min) Moonposition Contacts UTC(hr:mn) Chart Visibility Greatest Pen. Umb. Par Tot RA Decl. U1 U2 U3 U4 (Five lunar eclipses are added below for before 2001 to complete the first cycle.) 1998 Aug 08 2:25 Penumbral D 109 1.488 0.146 −0.858     21.17 −14.8         1999 Jan 31 16:18 Penumbral A 114 −1.019 1.028 −0.021     8.91 16.4         1999 Jul 28 11:34 Partial D 119 0.786 1.46 0.402 144   20.48 −18.3 10:22     12:46 2000 Jan 21 4:44 Total A 124 −0.296 2.331 1.33 204 78 8.17 19.8 3:02 4:05 5:23 6:26 2000 Jul 16 13:56 Total D 129 0.03 2.864 1.773 236 106 19.75 −21.2 11:58 13:02 14:49 15:54 2001 Jan 09 20:21 Total A 134 0.372 2.187 1.194 198 62 7.42 22.4 18:42 19:50 20:52 22:00 2001 Jul 05 14:55 Partial D 139 −0.729 1.573 0.499 160   18.99 −23.4 13:35     16:15 2001 Dec 30 10:29 Penumbral A 144 1.073 0.919 −0.11     6.64 24.2       2002 Jun 24 21:27 Penumbral D 149 −1.444 0.235 −0.787     18.22 −24.8         2002 May 26 12:03 Penumbral D 111 1.176 0.714 −0.283     16.23 −20       2002 Nov 20 1:47 Penumbral A 116 −1.113 0.886 −0.222     3.71 18.7       2003 May 16 3:40 Total D 121 0.412 2.1 1.134 194 52 15.51 −18.6 2:03 3:14 4:06 5:17 2003 Nov 09 1:19 Total A 126 −0.432 2.14 1.022 212 24 2.93 16.3 23:33 1:07 1:31 3:05 2004 May 04 20:30 Total D 131 −0.313 2.288 1.309 204 76 14.81 −16.5 18:48 19:52 21:08 22:12 2004 Oct 28 3:04 Total A 136 0.285 2.39 1.313 220 82 2.18 13.4 1:14 2:23 3:45 4:54 2005 Apr 24 9:55 Penumbral D 141 −1.089 0.89 −0.138     14.11 −13.9       2005 Oct 17 12:03 Partial A 146 0.98 1.084 0.068 58   1.47 10.3 11:34     12:32   2006 Mar 14 23:48 Penumbral D 113 1.021 1.056 −0.056     11.68 3.1       2006 Sep 07 18:51 Partial A 118 −0.926 1.158 0.19 92   23.11 −6.7 18:05     19:37 2007 Mar 03 23:21 Total D 123 0.317 2.345 1.238 222 74 10.96 6.9 21:30 22:44 23:58 1:12 2007 Aug 28 10:37 Total A 128 −0.214 2.478 1.481 212 90 22.45 −10 8:51 9:52 11:22 12:23 2008 Feb 21 3:26 Total D 133 −0.399 2.171 1.111 206 50 10.25 10.5 1:43 3:01 3:51 5:09 2008 Aug 16 21:10 Partial A 138 0.565 1.862 0.812 188   21.76 −12.9 19:36     22:44 2009 Feb 09 14:38 Penumbral D 143 −1.064 0.924 −0.083     9.53 13.5         2009 Aug 06 0:39 Penumbral A 148 1.357 0.428 −0.662     21.05 −15.6           2009 Jul 07 9:39 Penumbral A 110 −1.491 0.182 −0.908     19.14 −23.9         2009 Dec 31 19:23 Partial D 115 0.977 1.081 0.082 62   6.76 24 18:52     19:54 2010 Jun 26 11:38 Partial A 120 −0.709 1.603 0.542 164   18.35 −24 10:16     13:00 2010 Dec 21 8:17 Total D 125 0.321 2.306 1.261 210 74 5.95 23.7 6:32 7:40 8:54 10:02 2011 Jun 15 20:13 Total A 130 0.09 2.712 1.705 220 100 17.59 −23.2 18:23 19:23 21:03 22:03 2011 Dec 10 14:32 Total D 135 −0.388 2.212 1.111 212 52 5.14 22.6 12:46 14:06 14:58 16:18 2012 Jun 04 11:03 Partial A 140 0.825 1.343 0.376 128   16.86 −21.7 9:59     12:07 2012 Nov 28 14:33 Penumbral D 145 −1.087 0.942 −0.183     4.33 20.5         2013 May 25 04:10 Penumbral A 150 1.535 0.016 -0.934     16.15 −19.4           2013 Apr 25 20:07 Partial A 112 -1.012 0.987 0.015 27   14.21 −14.4 19:54     20:21 2013 Oct 18 23:50 Penumbral D 117 1.151 0.791 −0.267     1.57 11         2014 Apr 15 7:46 Total A 122 −0.302 2.344 1.296 216 78 13.56 −10 5:58 7:07 8:25 9:34 2014 Oct 08 10:55 Total D 127 0.383 2.171 1.172 200 60 0.92 6.3 9:15 10:25 11:25 12:35 2015 Apr 04 12:00 Total A 132 0.446 2.105 1.005 210 12 12.89 −5.3 10:15 11:54 12:06 13:45 2015 Sep 28 2:47 Total D 137 −0.33 2.254 1.282 200 72 0.29 1.5 1:07 2:11 3:23 4:27 2016 Mar 23 11:47 Penumbral A 142 1.159 0.801 −0.308     12.22 −0.3         2016 Aug 18 9:42 Penumbral D 109 1.559 -0.017 −0.993     21.85 -11.4           2016 Sep 16 18:54 Penumbral D 147 −1.055 0.933 −0.058     23.67 −3.3           2017 Feb 11 0:44 Penumbral A 114 −1.025 1.014 −0.03     9.64 13.1         2017 Aug 07 18:20 Partial D 119 0.867 1.315 0.251 116   21.18 −15.4 17:22     19:18 2018 Jan 31 13:30 Total A 124 −0.301 2.32 1.321 204 76 8.93 17 11:48 12:52 14:08 15:12 2018 Jul 27 20:22 Total D 129 0.117 2.706 1.614 236 104 20.47 −19 18:24 19:30 21:14 22:20 2019 Jan 21 5:12 Total A 134 0.369 2.193 1.201 198 62 8.21 20.3 3:33 4:41 5:43 6:51 2019 Jul 16 21:31 Partial D 139 −0.643 1.729 0.658 178   19.73 −21.9 20:02     23:00 2020 Jan 10 19:10 Penumbral A 144 1.073 0.921 −0.111     7.45 23         2020 Jul 05 4:30 Penumbral D 149 −1.364 0.38 −0.638     18.99 −24.1           2020 Jun 05 19:25 Penumbral D 111 1.24 0.594 -−0.399     16.97 −21.5         2020 Nov 30 9:43 Penumbral A 116 −1.131 0.855 −0.257     4.48 20.7         2021 May 26 11:19 Total D 121 0.477 1.979 1.016 188 18 16.24 −20.7 9:45 11:10 11:28 12:53 2021 Nov 19 9:03 Partial A 126 −0.455 2.098 0.979 210   3.67 19.2 7:18     10:48 2022 May 16 4:11 Total D 131 −0.253 2.397 1.419 208 86 15.52 −19.3 2:27 3:28 4:54 5:55 2022 Nov 08 10:59 Total A 136 0.257 2.44 1.363 220 86 2.9 16.9 9:09 10:16 11:42 12:49 2023 May 05 17:23 Penumbral D 141 −1.035 0.989 −0.041     14.81 −17.2         2023 Oct 28 20:14 Partial A 146 0.947 1.143 0.127 80   2.16 14.1 19:34     20:54   2024 Mar 25 7:13 Penumbral D 113 1.061 0.982 −0.128     12.34 −1.2       2024 Sep 18 2:44 Partial A 118 −0.979 1.062 0.091 64   23.77 −2.6 2:12     3:16 2025 Mar 14 6:59 Total D 123 0.348 2.286 1.183 218 66 11.64 2.7 5:10 6:26 7:32 8:48 2025 Sep 07 18:12 Total A 128 −0.275 2.369 1.368 210 82 23.11 −6 16:27 17:31 18:53 19:57 2026 Mar 03 11:33 Total D 133 −0.377 2.21 1.156 208 60 10.94 6.4 9:49 11:03 12:03 13:17 2026 Aug 28 4:13 Partial A 138 0.497 1.99 0.935 198   22.44 −9.3 2:34     5:52 2027 Feb 20 23:13 Penumbral D 143 −1.048 0.952 −0.052     10.24 9.8       2027 Aug 17 7:14 Penumbral A 148 1.28 0.571 −0.521     21.73 −12.4         2027 Jul 18 16:03 Penumbral A 110 −1.576 0.028 −1.063     19.88 −22.3       2028 Jan 12 4:13 Partial D 115 0.982 1.072 0.072 58   7.56 22.7 3:44     4:42 2028 Jul 06 18:19 Partial A 120 −0.79 1.453 0.394 142   19.11 −23.3 17:08     19:30 2028 Dec 31 16:52 Total D 125 0.326 2.3 1.252 210 72 6.77 23.3 15:07 16:16 17:28 18:37 2029 Jun 26 3:22 Total A 130 0.013 2.852 1.849 220 102 18.35 −23.3 1:32 2:31 4:13 5:12 2029 Dec 20 22:42 Total D 135 −0.381 2.227 1.122 214 54 5.95 23.1 20:55 22:15 23:09 0:29 2030 Jun 15 18:33 Partial A 140 0.754 1.472 0.508 146   17.61 −22.6 17:20     19:46 2030 Dec 09 22:27 Penumbral D 145 −1.073 0.968 −0.159     5.12 21.9       2031 Jun 05 11:44 Penumbral A 150 1.473 0.154 −0.814     16.89 −21.1         2031 May 07 3:51 Penumbral A 112 −1.069 0.907 −0.085     14.92 −17.8       2031 Oct 30 7:45 Penumbral D 117 1.177 0.742 −0.315     2.27 14.8       2032 Apr 25 15:13 Total A 122 −0.356 2.245 1.197 212 66 14.24 −13.8 13:27 14:40 15:46 16:59 2032 Oct 18 19:02 Total D 127 0.417 2.108 1.108 196 48 1.6 10.4 17:24 18:38 19:26 20:40 2033 Apr 14 19:12 Total A 132 0.396 2.197 1.099 216 50 13.56 −9.4 17:24 18:47 19:37 21:00 2033 Oct 08 10:55 Total D 137 -−0.289 2.331 1.355 204 80 0.96 5.8 9:13 10:15 11:35 12:37 2034 Apr 03 19:05 Penumbral A 142 1.115 0.881 −0.223     12.88 −4.6       2034 Sep 28 2:46 Partial D 147 −1.011 1.016 0.02 32   0.33 1 2:30     3:02   2035 Feb 22 9:05 Penumbral A 114 −1.037 0.991 −0.048     10.35 9.2       2035 Aug 19 1:11 Partial D 119 0.943 1.177 0.109 78   21.86 −12 0:32     1:50 2036 Feb 11 22:11 Total A 124 −0.311 2.3 1.305 202 76 9.67 13.6 20:30 21:33 22:49 23:52 2036 Aug 07 2:51 Total D 129 0.2 2.553 1.459 232 96 21.18 −16.1 0:55 2:03 3:39 4:47 2037 Jan 31 14:00 Total A 134 0.362 2.205 1.213 198 64 8.97 17.5 12:21 13:28 14:32 15:39 2037 Jul 27 4:08 Partial D 139 −0.558 1.884 0.814 194   20.46 −19.6 2:31     5:45 2038 Jan 21 3:48 Penumbral A 144 1.071 0.925 −0.109     8.24 20.9       2038 Jul 16 11:34 Penumbral D 149 −1.284 0.525 −0.49     19.74 −22.5         2038 Jun 17 2:43 Penumbral D 111 1.308 0.467 −0.522     17.72 −22.1       2038 Dec 11 17:43 Penumbral A 116 −1.145 0.831 −0.285     5.27 22       2039 Jun 06 18:53 Partial D 121 0.546 1.852 0.891 180   16.99 −22.1 17:23     20:23 2039 Nov 30 16:55 Partial A 126 −0.472 2.068 0.947 206   4.45 21.3 15:12     18:38 2040 May 26 11:45 Total D 131 −0.187 2.519 1.54 212 92 16.26 −21.5 9:59 10:59 12:31 13:31 2040 Nov 18 19:03 Total A 136 0.236 2.478 1.402 222 88 3.65 19.7 17:12 18:19 19:47 20:54 2041 May 16 0:41 Partial D 141 −0.975 1.1 0.07 60   15.53 −20 0:11     1:11 2041 Nov 08 4:33 Partial A 146 0.921 1.191 0.175 92   2.89 17.5 3:47     5:19   2042 Apr 05 14:28 Penumbral D 113 1.108 0.894 −0.213     13.01 −5.4       2042 Sep 29 10:44 Partial A 118 −1.026 0.978 0.003 12   0.43 1.6 10:38     10:50 2043 Mar 25 14:30 Total D 123 0.385 2.216 1.119 216 54 12.31 −1.6 12:42 14:03 14:57 16:18 2043 Sep 19 1:50 Total A 128 −0.332 2.269 1.261 206 72 23.77 −1.9 0:07 1:14 2:26 3:33 2044 Mar 13 19:37 Total D 133 −0.35 2.256 1.208 210 68 11.61 2.1 17:52 19:03 20:11 21:22 2044 Sep 07 11:19 Total A 138 0.432 2.111 1.05 206 36 23.1 −5.4 9:36 11:01 11:37 13:02 2045 Mar 03 7:42 Penumbral D 143 −1.028 0.987 −0.012     10.93 5.7       2045 Aug 27 13:53 Penumbral A 148 1.206 0.708 −0.388     22.4 −8.8         2046 Jan 22 13:01 Partial D 115 0.988 1.06 0.059 54   8.35 20.5 12:34     13:28 2046 Jul 18 1:04 Partial A 120 −0.869 1.307 0.251 116   19.86 −21.8 0:06     2:02 2047 Jan 12 1:24 Total D 125 0.332 2.291 1.239 210 70 7.57 22 23:39 0:49 1:59 3:09 2047 Jul 07 10:34 Total A 130 −0.063 2.757 1.757 220 102 19.11 −22.6 8:44 9:43 11:25 12:24 2048 Jan 01 6:52 Total D 135 −0.375 2.24 1.132 214 56 6.76 22.7 5:05 6:24 7:20 8:39 2048 Jun 26 2:01 Partial A 140 0.68 1.607 0.644 160   18.37 −22.6 0:41     3:21 2048 Dec 20 6:26 Penumbral D 145 −1.063 0.988 −0.14     5.92 22.5       2049 Jun 15 19:12 Penumbral A 150 1.407 0.276 −0.693     17.64 −21.9         2049 May 17 11:25 Penumbral A 112 −1.134 0.789 −0.203     15.64 −20.6       2049 Nov 09 15:50 Penumbral D 117 1.196 0.707 −0.35     3 18.2       2050 May 06 22:30 Total A 122 −0.418 2.131 1.082 206 44 14.94 −17.2 20:47 22:08 22:52 0:13 2050 Oct 30 3:20 Total D 127 0.443 2.06 1.06 194 36 2.3 14.2 1:43 3:02 3:38 4:57 2051 Apr 26 2:14 Total A 132 0.337 2.303 1.206 222 70 14.24 −13.2 0:23 1:39 2:49 4:05 2051 Oct 19 19:10 Total D 137 −0.254 2.395 1.417 204 84 1.63 9.9 17:28 18:28 19:52 20:52 2052 Apr 14 2:16 Penumbral A 142 1.063 0.972 −0.126     13.55 −8.7         2052 Oct 08 10:44 Partial D 147 −0.973 1.089 0.087 66   0.99 5.3 10:11     11:17   2053 Mar 04 17:20 Penumbral A 114 −1.053 0.958 −0.075     11.03 5.1       2053 Aug 29 8:04 Penumbral D 119 1.016 1.045 −0.028     22.53 −8.2       2054 Feb 22 6:49 Total A 124 −0.324 2.275 1.283 202 74 10.38 9.8 5:08 6:12 7:26 8:30 2054 Aug 18 9:24 Total D 129 0.28 2.407 1.311 228 84 21.86 −12.7 7:30 8:42 10:06 11:18 2055 Feb 11 22:44 Total A 134 0.353 2.222 1.23 200 66 9.71 14.1 21:04 22:11 23:17 0:24 2055 Aug 07 10:51 Partial D 139 −0.477 2.032 0.964 204   21.17 −16.8 9:09     12:33 2056 Feb 01 12:24 Penumbral A 144 1.068 0.931 −0.105     9 18.1       2056 Jul 26 18:41 Penumbral D 149 −1.205 0.669 −0.344     20.47 −20.3         2056 Jun 27 10:01 Penumbral D 111 1.377 0.34 −0.646     18.48 −21.9       2056 Dec 22 1:47 Penumbral A 116 −1.156 0.812 −0.306     6.07 22.4       2057 Jun 17 2:24 Partial D 121 0.617 1.722 0.762 170   17.75 −22.8 0:59     3:49 2057 Dec 11 0:51 Partial A 126 −0.485 2.044 0.923 204   5.24 22.6 23:09     2:33 2058 Jun 06 19:14 Total D 131 −0.118 2.646 1.667 214 98 17.01 −22.8 17:27 18:25 20:03 21:01 2058 Nov 30 3:14 Total A 136 0.221 2.506 1.431 222 90 4.42 21.9 1:23 2:29 3:59 5:05 2059 May 27 7:53 Partial D 141 −0.91 1.22 0.188 98   16.26 −22.2 7:04     8:42 2059 Nov 19 12:59 Partial A 146 0.9 1.229 0.213 100   3.64 20.4 12:09     13:49 2060 May 151 no lunar eclipse, Saros 151 starting in 2096 2060 Nov 08 4:02 Penumbral A 156 1.533 0.052 −0.932     2.9 18.2         2060 Apr 15 21:35 Penumbral D 113 1.162 0.794 −0.311     13.68 −9.3       2060 Oct 09 18:51 Penumbral A 118 −1.067 0.905 −0.074     1.09 5.8       2061 Apr 04 21:52 Total D 123 0.43 2.131 1.039 210 32 12.97 −5.8 20:07 21:36 22:08 23:37 2061 Sep 29 9:36 Total A 128 −0.381 2.181 1.168 204 60 0.43 2.4 7:54 9:06 10:06 11:18 2062 Mar 25 3:32 Total D 133 −0.315 2.316 1.275 212 76 12.28 −2.2 1:46 2:54 4:10 5:18 2062 Sep 18 18:32 Total A 138 0.374 2.221 1.154 214 60 23.75 −1.2 16:45 18:02 19:02 20:19 2063 Mar 14 16:04 Partial D 143 −1.001 1.034 0.039 44   11.61 1.5 15:42     16:26 2063 Sep 07 20:39 Penumbral A 148 1.138 0.836 −0.264     23.06 −4.9         2064 Feb 02 21:47 Partial D 115 0.997 1.045 0.044 46   9.11 17.6 21:24     22:10 2064 Jul 28 7:50 Partial A 120 −0.947 1.162 0.109 78   20.58 −19.6 7:11     8:29 2065 Jan 22 9:57 Total D 125 0.337 2.282 1.228 210 70 8.36 19.8 8:12 9:22 10:32 11:42 2065 Jul 17 17:46 Total A 130 −0.14 2.615 1.618 216 98 19.85 −21.1 15:58 16:57 18:35 19:34 2066 Jan 11 15:02 Total D 135 −0.369 2.252 1.142 216 58 7.56 21.4 13:14 14:33 15:31 16:50 2066 Jul 07 9:28 Partial A 140 0.606 1.742 0.781 172   19.12 −21.9 8:02     10:54 2066 Dec 31 14:28 Penumbral D 145 −1.054 1.003 −0.124     6.73 22.1       2067 Jun 27 2:39 Penumbral A 150 1.34 0.4 −0.57     18.39 −22         2067 May 28 18:54 Penumbral A 112 −1.201 0.666 −0.327     16.38 −22.8       2067 Nov 21 0:02 Penumbral D 117 1.211 0.68 −0.376     3.76 21       2068 May 17 5:40 Partial A 122 −0.485 2.009 0.959 200   15.65 −20 4:00     7:20 2068 Nov 09 11:44 Total D 127 0.464 2.022 1.021 190 22 3.02 17.6 10:09 11:33 11:55 13:19 2069 May 06 9:07 Total A 132 0.272 2.422 1.327 226 86 14.94 −16.5 7:14 8:24 9:50 11:00 2069 Oct 30 3:33 Total D 137 −0.226 2.448 1.467 206 88 2.33 13.7 1:50 2:49 4:17 5:16 2070 Apr 25 9:19 Penumbral A 142 1.005 1.077 −0.017     14.23 −12.5       2070 Oct 19 18:49 Partial D 147 −0.941 1.151 0.143 84   1.67 9.4 18:07     19:31   2071 Mar 16 1:29 Penumbral A 114 −1.076 0.913 −0.114     11.71 0.8       2071 Sep 09 15:03 Penumbral D 119 1.083 0.925 −0.153     23.19 −4.2       2072 Mar 04 15:21 Total A 124 −0.343 2.238 1.25 200 70 11.07 5.6 13:41 14:46 15:56 17:01 2072 Aug 28 16:03 Total D 129 0.356 2.269 1.171 220 66 22.53 −8.9 14:13 15:30 16:36 17:53 2073 Feb 22 7:22 Total A 134 0.339 2.247 1.256 200 70 10.42 10.3 5:42 6:47 7:57 9:02 2073 Aug 17 17:40 Total D 139 −0.4 2.173 1.106 212 52 21.85 −13.4 15:54 17:14 18:06 19:26 2074 Feb 11 20:53 Penumbral A 144 1.061 0.944 −0.092     9.74 14.7       2074 Aug 07 1:53 Penumbral D 149 −1.129 0.806 −0.204     21.18 −17.4         2074 Jul 08 17:19 Penumbral D 111 1.446 0.212 −0.771     19.22 −20.9       2075 Jan 02 9:52 Penumbral A 116 −1.164 0.798 −0.323     6.88 21.8       2075 Jun 28 9:53 Partial D 121 0.69 1.587 0.628 158   18.5 −22.5 8:34     11:12 2075 Dec 22 8:53 Partial A 126 −0.494 2.027 0.906 204   6.05 23 7:11     10:35 2076 Jun 17 2:37 Total D 131 −0.045 2.78 1.8 216 100 17.77 −23.4 0:49 1:47 3:27 4:25 2076 Dec 10 11:32 Total A 136 0.21 2.524 1.45 222 92 5.22 23.2 9:41 10:46 12:18 13:23 2077 Jun 06 14:57 Partial D 141 −0.839 1.351 0.317 126   17.02 −23.5 13:54     16:00 2077 Nov 29 21:33 Partial A 146 0.886 1.256 0.241 106   4.42 22.5 20:40     22:26 2078 May 151 no lunar eclipse, Saros 151 starting in 2096 2078 Nov 19 12:37 Penumbral A 156 1.515 0.086 −0.899     3.65 21.1         2078 Apr 27 4:33 Penumbral D 113 1.222 0.682 −0.42     14.36 −13       2078 Oct 21 3:05 Penumbral A 118 −1.102 0.842 −0.14     1.78 9.8       2079 Apr 16 5:08 Partial D 123 0.48 2.036 0.95 204   13.65 −9.8 3:26     6:50 2079 Oct 10 17:28 Total A 128 −0.424 2.104 1.085 200 44 1.09 6.5 15:48 17:06 17:50 19:08 2080 Apr 04 11:21 Total D 133 −0.275 2.386 1.351 214 82 12.95 -−6.4 9:34 10:40 12:02 13:08 2080 Sep 29 1:50 Total A 138 0.321 2.322 1.249 218 74 0.41 3 0:01 1:13 2:27 3:39 2081 Mar 25 0:19 Partial D 143 −0.969 1.09 0.1 68   12.28 −2.9 23:45     0:53 2081 Sep 18 3:32 Penumbral A 148 1.075 0.953 −0.151     23.72 −0.8           2082 Feb 13 6:26 Partial D 115 1.01 1.021 0.019 30   9.85 14.1 6:11     6:41 2082 Aug 08 14:44 Penumbral A 120 −1.02 1.027 −0.024     21.29 −16.8         2083 Feb 02 18:24 Total D 125 0.346 2.266 1.211 210 68 9.11 16.9 16:39 17:50 18:58 20:09 2083 Jul 29 1:03 Total A 130 −0.214 2.478 1.483 214 92 20.58 −18.9 23:16 0:17 1:49 2:50 2084 Jan 22 23:10 Total D 135 −0.361 2.267 1.155 216 62 8.34 19.2 21:22 22:39 23:41 0:58 2084 Jul 17 16:56 Partial A 140 0.531 1.878 0.917 182   19.86 −20.4 15:25     18:27 2085 Jan 10 22:29 Penumbral D 145 −1.046 1.019 −0.108     7.52 20.8       2085 Jul 07 10:02 Penumbral A 150 1.269 0.505 -0.448     19.14 −21.2           2085 Jun 08 2:15 Penumbral A 112 −1.274 0.532 −0.462     17.13 −24.2       2085 Dec 01 8:22 Penumbral D 117 1.219 0.665 −.39     4.54 23.1       2086 May 28 12:41 Partial A 122 −0.558 1.875 0.824 190   16.39 −22.1 11:06     14:16 2086 Nov 20 20:17 Partial D 127 0.48 1.994 0.992 188   3.78 20.4 18:43     21:51 2087 May 17 15:52 Total A 132 0.2 2.553 1.46 232 96 15.65 −19.3 13:56 15:04 16:40 17:48 2087 Nov 10 12:02 Total D 137 −0.204 2.49 1.506 208 90 3.06 17.1 10:18 11:17 12:47 13:46 2088 May 05 16:14 Partial A 142 0.939 1.195 0.106 78   14.92 −15.8 15:35     16:53 2088 Oct 30 3:00 Partial D 147 −0.915 1.201 0.188 94   2.37 13.2 2:13     3:47   2089 Mar 26 9:31 Penumbral A 114 −1.104 0.859 −0.162     12.37 −3.6       2089 Sep 19 22:08 Penumbral D 119 1.145 0.816 −0.269     23.84 0.1       2090 Mar 15 23:45 Total A 124 −0.367 2.191 1.207 198 64 11.74 1.3 22:06 23:13 0:17 1:24 2090 Sep 08 22:49 Total D 129 0.425 2.143 1.043 214 34 23.18 −4.8 21:02 22:32 23:06 0:36 2091 Mar 05 15:55 Total A 134 0.322 2.278 1.288 202 74 11.11 6.1 14:14 15:18 16:32 17:36 2091 Aug 29 0:35 Total D 139 −0.327 2.306 1.24 218 74 22.52 −9.6 22:46 23:58 1:12 2:24 2092 Feb 23 5:18 Penumbral A 144 1.051 0.963 −0.074     10.45 10.8       2092 Aug 17 9:11 Penumbral D 149 −1.057 0.938 −0.071     21.87 −14         2092 Jul 19 0:39 Penumbral D 111 1.513 0.087 −0.893     19.95 −19.2       2093 Jan 12 17:57 Penumbral A 116 -−1.173 0.782 −0.34     7.67 20.4       2093 Jul 08 17:21 Partial D 121 0.763 1.452 0.493 142   19.25 −21.5 16:10     18:32 2094 Jan 01 16:57 Partial A 126 −0.502 2.012 0.892 202   6.85 22.4 15:16     18:38 2094 Jun 28 9:59 Total D 131 0.029 2.812 1.829 216 102 18.53 −23.2 8:11 9:08 10:50 11:47 2094 Dec 21 19:53 Total A 136 0.202 2.539 1.467 222 92 6.03 23.6 18:02 19:07 20:39 21:44 2095 Jun 17 21:57 Partial D 141 −0.766 1.487 0.451 148   17.78 −24.1 20:43     23:11 2095 Dec 11 6:12 Partial A 146 0.874 1.276 0.262 110   5.22 23.9 5:17     7:07 2096 Jun 06 2:40 Penumbral D 151 −1.573 0.03 −1.054     17 −24.1       2096 Nov 29 21:19 Penumbral A 156 1.502 0.111 −0.876     4.44 23.2         2096 May 07 11:21 Penumbral D 113 1.29 0.557 −0.542     15.06 −16.1       2096 Oct 31 11:27 Penumbral A 118 −1.131 0.792 −0.195     2.48 13.5       2097 Apr 26 12:15 Partial D 123 0.538 1.928 0.847 196   14.33 -−13.4 10:37     13:53 2097 Oct 21 1:27 Total A 128 −0.461 2.041 1.015 196 20 1.78 10.5 23:49 1:17 1:37 3:05 2098 Apr 15 19:01 Total D 133 −0.227 2.471 1.442 216 90 13.62 −10.4 17:13 18:16 19:46 20:49 2098 Oct 10 9:16 Total A 138 0.275 2.409 1.329 222 84 1.08 7.1 7:25 8:34 9:58 11:07 2099 Apr 05 8:27 Partial D 143 −0.931 1.158 0.173 90   12.95 −.1 7:42     9:12 2099 Sep 29 10:33 Penumbral A 148 1.018 1.06 −0.047     0.38 3.4         2100 Feb 24 15:02 Penumbral D 115 1.027 0.99 −0.011     10.55 10.2       2100 Aug 19 21:41 Penumbral A 120 −1.09 0.898 −0.152     21.98 −13.4       Lunar eclipses in the 21st century References This list was compiled with data calculated by Fred Espenak of NASA's GSFC. ^ "Lunar Eclipses: 2001 to 2100". NASA. Archived from the original on 2007-03-05. Retrieved 2007-03-10. vteLunar eclipsesLists of lunar eclipses Central total eclipses Total penumbral eclipses Historically significant By century Lunar eclipsesby era Modern era 20th 21st Future 22nd Lunar eclipses by saros series 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 Partial eclipses 1903 Apr 1914 Mar 1916 Jul 1952 Feb 1952 Aug 1954 Jul 1955 Nov 1956 May 1958 May 1959 Mar 1961 Mar 1961 Aug 1963 Jul 1965 Jun 1970 Feb 1970 Aug 1972 Jul 1973 Dec 1974 Jun 1976 May 1977 Apr 1979 Mar 1981 Jul 1983 Jun 1988 Aug 1990 Aug 1991 Dec 1992 Jun 1994 May 1995 Apr 1997 Mar 1999 Jul 2001 Jul 2005 Oct 2006 Sep 2008 Aug 2009 Dec 2010 Jun 2012 Jun 2013 Apr 2017 Aug 2019 Jul 2021 Nov 2023 Oct → 2024 Sep 2026 Aug 2028 Jan 2028 Jul 2030 Jun 2034 Sep 2035 Aug 2037 Jul 2039 Jun 2039 Nov 2041 May 2041 Nov 2046 Jan 2046 Jul 2048 Jun 2052 Oct 2055 Aug 2075 Jun 2099 Apr Total eclipses 1504 Mar 1910 May 1913 Sep 1920 May 1950 Apr 1950 Sep 1953 Jan 1953 Jul 1954 Jan 1956 Nov 1957 May 1957 Nov 1960 Mar 1960 Sep 1963 Dec 1964 Jun 1964 Dec 1967 Apr 1967 Oct 1968 Apr 1968 Oct 1971 Feb 1971 Aug 1972 Jan 1974 Nov 1975 May 1975 Nov 1978 Mar 1978 Sep 1979 Sep 1982 Jan 1982 Jul 1982 Dec 1985 May 1985 Oct 1986 Apr 1986 Oct 1989 Feb 1989 Aug 1990 Feb 1992 Dec 1993 Jun 1993 Nov 1996 Apr 1996 Sep 1997 Sep 2000 Jan 2000 Jul 2001 Jan 2003 May 2003 Nov 2004 May 2004 Oct 2007 Mar 2007 Aug 2008 Feb 2010 Dec 2011 Jun 2011 Dec 2014 Apr 2014 Oct 2015 Apr 2015 Sep 2018 Jan 2018 Jul 2019 Jan 2021 May 2022 May 2022 Nov → 2025 Mar 2025 Sep 2026 Mar 2028 Dec 2029 Jun 2029 Dec 2032 Apr 2032 Oct 2033 Apr 2033 Oct 2036 Feb 2036 Aug 2037 Jan 2040 May 2040 Nov 2043 Mar 2043 Sep 2044 Mar 2044 Sep 2047 Jan 2047 Jul 2048 Jan 2050 May 2050 Oct 2051 Apr 2051 Oct 2054 Feb 2054 Aug 2055 Feb 2058 Jun 2065 Jul 2069 May 2072 Aug 2076 Jun 2083 Jul 2084 Jan 2087 May 2090 Sep 2094 Jun 2123 Jun 2170 May Penumbral eclipsesPartial 23 Mar 1940 22 Apr 1940 16 Oct 1940 1951 Feb 21 1951 Mar 23 1951 Aug 17 1951 Sep 15 1955 Jan 08 1955 Jun 05 1958 Apr 04 1958 Oct 27 1959 Sep 17 1962 Feb 19 1962 Jul 17 1962 Aug 15 1965 Dec 08 1966 May 04 1966 Oct 29 1969 Apr 02 1969 Aug 27 1969 Sep 25 1973 Jan 18 1973 Jun 15 1973 Jul 15 1976 Nov 06 1977 Sep 27 1980 Mar 01 1980 Jul 27 1980 Aug 26 1983 Dec 20 1984 May 15 1984 Jun 13 1984 Nov 08 1987 Apr 14 1987 Oct 07 1991 Jan 30 1991 Jun 27 1991 Jul 26 1994 Nov 18 1995 Oct 08 1998 Mar 13 1998 Aug 08 1998 Sep 06 2001 Dec 30 2002 May 26 2002 Jun 24 2002 Nov 20 2005 Apr 24 2009 Feb 09 2009 Jul 07 2009 Aug 06 2012 Nov 28 2013 May 25 2013 Oct 18 2016 Mar 23 2016 Aug 18 2016 Sep 16 2017 Feb 11 2020 Jan 10 2020 Jun 05 2020 Jul 05 2020 Nov 30 2023 May 05 2024 Mar 25 → 2027 Feb 20 2027 Jul 18 2027 Aug 17 2030 Dec 09 2031 May 07 2031 Jun 05 2031 Oct 30 2034 Apr 03 2035 Feb 22 2038 Jan 21 2038 Jun 17 2038 Jul 16 2038 Dec 11 2042 Apr 05 2042 Oct 28 2045 Mar 03 2045 Aug 27 2048 Dec 20 2049 May 17 2049 Jun 15 2049 Nov 09 2052 Apr 14 2053 Mar 04 2060 Nov 08 2107 May 7 Total 1963 Jan 09 1981 Jan 20 1988 Mar 03 1999 Jan 31 2006 Mar 14 → 2053 Aug 29 2070 Apr 25 Related Danjon scale Eclipse cycle Eclipse season Eclipses in mythology and culture Gamma Solar eclipse Category → symbol denotes next eclipse in series
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"lunar eclipses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_eclipses"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"lunar years","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_year"},{"link_name":"List of lunar eclipses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lunar_eclipses"},{"link_name":"List of 20th-century lunar eclipses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_20th-century_lunar_eclipses"},{"link_name":"List of 22nd-century lunar eclipses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_22nd-century_lunar_eclipses"}],"text":"There will be 230 lunar eclipses in the 21st century (2001–2100): 87 penumbral, 58 partial and 85 total.[1]Eclipses are listed in sets by lunar years, repeating every 12 months for each node. Ascending node eclipses are given a red background highlight.See also: List of lunar eclipses, List of 20th-century lunar eclipses, and List of 22nd-century lunar eclipses.","title":"List of lunar eclipses in the 21st century"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lunar_eclipses_in_the_21st_century.jpg"}],"text":"Eclipses from August 1998 are included to complete the first eclipse set.Lunar eclipses in the 21st century","title":"List of lunar eclipses between 2000 and 2100"}]
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null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saw_bang
Saw bang
["1 References"]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Saw bang" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The Saw bang (Thai: ซอบั้ง) is a bowed musical instrument. It differs from a related Saw by using only bamboo for its sound box and skull fiddle (กะโหลกซอ). The bamboo is called " Mị̂ ku (ไม้กุ) ". It is sun-dried and then the bark is taken off. Holes are made and strings are stretched with the knob which are made from two pieces of wood wedge. The other side of the cylinder has a piece of small wood called " H̄ỳxng (หย่อง)" that raises two cord lines made from bicycle brake cables. The Saw bang has two strings. The first one is called " S̄āy lị̀ s̄eīyng (สายไล่เสียง) "or Audio line out, it’s acted as the main cord and the other string called" S̄āy kl̀xm s̄eīyng (สายกล่องเสียง) " which produces higher pitch. Each string makes a sound in conjunction with "Khæn (แคน)" and "Pī̀ (ปี่)". Saw bang has a characteristic soft tone. In Vietnam, the similar instrument is xi xa lo or xò lò of Tai Dón people, Nghe An province. References ^ "Saw bang". Retrieved 21 April 2014. ^ "Đàn xi xa lo của dân tộc Thái ở Nghệ An". This article relating to composite strings is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_of_Manila
José María of Manila
["1 Biography","2 Beatification","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "José María of Manila" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is del Saz-Orozco and the second or maternal family name is Mortera. BlessedJosé María of ManilaOFMCapJosé María in the 1930sMartyrBornEugenio del Sanz-Orozco Mortera5 September 1880Manila, Captaincy General of the PhilippinesDied17 August 1936(1936-08-17) (aged 55)Madrid, SpainVenerated inCatholic ChurchBeatified13 October 2013, Tarragona,Spain by Angelo AmatoMajor shrineFilipino Saints Gallery, Manila Cathedral,PhilippinesFeast6 November Part of a series onPersecutionsof the Catholic Church Overview Historical persecution of Christians Catholic Church persecutions 1939–1958 Eradication of the Church under Stalinism Eastern Catholic persecutions Persecution of Christians in the modern era Roman Empire Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire Diocletianic Persecution Neo-Persian Empire Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem Byzantine Empire Massacre of the Latins Muslim world Muslim conquests Conversion of non-Islamic places of worship into mosques Armenian genocide Assyrian genocide Greek genocide Kosheh massacres Saudi Arabia Christianity in Saudi Arabia Sudan Christianity in Sudan Egypt Maspero demonstrations Islamic terrorism Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State Japan Martyrs of Japan European wars of religion Thirty Years' War Reformation France Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution War in the Vendée Martyrs of Compiègne Mexico Cristero War Iniquis afflictisque Acerba animi Saints José Sánchez del Río Anti-clericalism in Mexico Miguel Pro Spain Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War Red Terror Dilectissima Nobis Martyrs of Turon Martyrs of Daimiel Bartolomé Blanco Innocencio of Mary Immaculate José María of Manila 233 Spanish Martyrs 498 Spanish Martyrs 522 Spanish Martyrs Burning of convents in Spain (1931) NetherlandsTitus Brandsma Germany Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Germany Mit brennender Sorge Alfred Delp Alois Grimm Rupert Mayer Bernhard Lichtenberg Max Josef Metzger Karl Leisner Erich Klausener Kulturkampf China Martyr Saints of China Auguste Chapdelaine Persecution of Christians in China Ad Sinarum gentem Cupimus Imprimis Ad Apostolorum principis Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei Beda Chang Dominic Tang Vietnam Vietnamese Martyrs Nguyễn Văn Thuận Ngô Đình Diệm(Buddhist crisis, Huế Phật Đản shootings, Huế chemical attacks, Double Seven Day scuffle, Xá Lợi Pagoda raids, 1963 South Vietnamese coup, arrest and assassination of Ngô Đình Diệm) Poland Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland Maksymilian Kolbe Polish anti-religious campaign 1945–1990 Stefan Wyszyński 108 Blessed Polish Martyrs Policies In Poloniae annalibus Gloriosam Reginam Invicti athletae Jerzy Popiełuszko Eastern Europe József Mindszenty Eugene Bossilkov Severian Baranyk Josef Beran Drina Martyrs Zynoviy Kovalyk Aloysius Stepinac Meminisse iuvat Anni sacri Sára Salkaházi Walter Ciszek Pietro Leoni Theodore Romzha India Violence against Christians in India 2008 attacks on Christians in southern Karnataka El Salvador Four U.S. missionaries Ignacio Ellacuría Rutilio Grande Ignacio Martín-Baró Segundo Montes Óscar Romero 1989 murders of Jesuits NigeriaReligious violence in Nigeria Guatemala Stanley Rother Great Britain and Ireland Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom List of Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation Forty Martyrs of England and Wales Irish Catholic Martyrs Dissolution of the Monasteries Penal Laws Cromwellian conquest of Ireland United States James Coyle Know Nothing The Menace Oregon Compulsory Education Act Pierce v. Society of Sisters Philadelphia nativist riots Ursuline Convent riots Philippines Lorenzo Ruiz Pedro Calungsod Gomburza Turkey Murder of Andrea Santoro North Korea Catholic Church in North Korea Norway Anti-Catholicism in Norway Canada 2021 Canadian church burnings Russia Martyrs of Pratulin Conversion of Chelm Eparchy Anti-Catholicism in the Soviet Union Eastern Catholic Victims of Soviet Persecutions Catholicism portalvte José María of Manila (Spanish: José María de Manila : 5 September 1880 – 17 August 1936) was a Filipino-born Spanish Catholic priest and friar of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was martyred in the early phase of the Spanish Civil War, and is the third Filipino to have been declared blessed by the Roman Catholic Church. Biography This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) José María was born in Manila, Philippines on 5 September 1880 to Spanish parents Don Eugenio del Saz-Orozco de la Oz, the last Spanish Mayor of Manila, and Doña Felisa Mortera y Camacho. His early education took place at Ateneo de Manila University, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, and University of Santo Tomas. He left the Philippines when he was 16 years old to study in Spain. He was ordained a priest on 30 November 1910. Military generals staged a fascist uprising in July 1936 that began the Spanish Civil War. On 17 August 1936, José María was executed by the anti-fascist side at the gardens of the Cuartel de la Montaña, a military building in Madrid. Beatification Stained glass with Blessed Jose Maria de Manila on the lower left. On 27 March 2013, Pope Francis approved the findings of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints that José María and 521 other companions were killed because of their Roman Catholic faith, clearing the way for their beatification. They were beatified on 13 October 2013 in Tarragona, Spain. See also Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War References ^ "Blessed José María of Manila". Foundation Marypages Design. Retrieved 30 March 2020. ^ "Blessed José María of Manila". Catholic Online. Retrieved 30 March 2020. External links Martyrs of the Religious Persecution During the Spanish Civil War at Hagiography Circle vteFilipino saints, Blesseds, and Servants of GodSaints Lorenzo Ruiz Pedro Calungsod Blesseds José María of Manila Diego Luis de San Vitores Dom Justo Takayama Venerables Alfredo Obviar Aloysius Schwartz Francisca del Espíritu Santo Fuentes Isabel Larrañaga Ramírez Ignacia del Espíritu Santo Consuelo Barcelo y Pages María Beatríz del Rosario Arroyo Teofilo Bastida Camomot Servants of God Jerónima de la Asunción Francesco Palliola Cecilia Rosa de Jesús Talangpaz Dionisia de Santa María Mitas Talangpaz Pedro Pelaez Ines Barcelo Pages María Ángeles Rodríguez de Rivera Chicote Joseph Verbis Lafleur William Finnemann Alfredo Versoza Florencia Cuesta Valluerca Carlo Braga Dalisay Lazaga Amador Tajanlangit George J. Willmann Niña Ruiz Abad Richard Michael Fernando Rhoel Gallardo Giuseppe Aveni Laureana Franco Darwin Ramos Candidates for sainthood Diego de Herrera Pedro de Agurto Felipe Songsong Martha de San Bernardo Sebastiana de Jesus Salcedo Margarita Roxas de Ayala Fausta Labrador Francis Vernon Douglas Egbert Xavier Kelly Donato Guimbaolibot Aurora Quezon Juan and Teresa Nepomuceno Mary Cecilia of Jesus Roderick Flores Rudy Romano Godofredo Alingal Exequiel Barangan Mary Therese Vicente Justin Daniel Bataclan James Reuter Ivan Rolfe Banaag Ricardo Vidal Leticia Tordesillas Albert Saints portal Catholicism portal Philippines portal vteCatholic Church in the PhilippinesCatholic Bishops' Conference of the PhilippinesTimelineHistory First Mass Spanish occupation Expulsion of Jesuits Secularization movement Gomburza Philippine Revolution American occupation World War II Asia-Pacific War Second Vatican Council First Papal visit Martial Law People Power Revolution 1995 World Youth Day Death penalty debate Contemporary EDSA Dos World Meeting of Families Death of John Paul II Death of Cardinal Sin Reproductive Health Bill debate Year of Faith Revision of the Roman Missal Canonization of Pedro Calungsod Million People March Pope Francis's visit to the Philippines 2016 International Eucharistic Congress 500 YOC Archdioceses (cathedrals and churches) Caceres Cagayan de Oro Capiz Cebu Cotabato Davao Jaro Lingayen–Dagupan Lipa Manila Nueva Segovia Ozamis Palo San Fernando Tuguegarao Zamboanga DiocesesSuffragans Alaminos Antipolo Bacolod Baguio Balanga Bangued Bayombong Boac Borongan Butuan Cabanatuan Calbayog Catarman Cubao Daet Digos Dipolog Dumaguete Gumaca Iba Ilagan Iligan Ipil Imus Kabankalan Kalookan Kalibo Kidapawan Laoag Legazpi Libmanan Lucena Maasin Mati Malaybalay Malolos Marbel Masbate Naval Novaliches Pagadian Parañaque Pasig Romblon San Carlos Borromeo San Fernando de La Union San Jose de Antique San Jose de Nueva Ecija San Pablo Sorsogon Surigao Tagbilaran Tagum Talibon Tandag Tarlac Urdaneta Virac Military ordinariate Military Ordinariate Territorial prelatures Batanes Infanta Isabela Marawi Apostolic vicariates Bontoc-Lagawe Calapan Jolo Puerto Princesa San Jose in Mindoro Tabuk Taytay Prelates Luis Antonio Tagle Jose Advincula Gaudencio Rosales Orlando Quevedo Rex Andrew Alarcon Ricardo Baccay Victor Bendico José Cabantan John Du Gilbert Garcera Martin Jumoad Angelito Lampon Florentino Lavarias Jose Romeo Lazo José S. 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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Spanish name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_name"},{"link_name":"surname","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname"},{"link_name":"Spanish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language"},{"link_name":"Catholic priest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_priest"},{"link_name":"friar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friar"},{"link_name":"Order of Friars Minor Capuchin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin"},{"link_name":"Spanish Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"Roman Catholic Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church"}],"text":"In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is del Saz-Orozco and the second or maternal family name is Mortera.José María of Manila (Spanish: José María de Manila : 5 September 1880 – 17 August 1936) was a Filipino-born Spanish Catholic priest and friar of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was martyred in the early phase of the Spanish Civil War, and is the third Filipino to have been declared blessed by the Roman Catholic Church.","title":"José María of Manila"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Manila","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila"},{"link_name":"Mayor of Manila","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Manila"},{"link_name":"Ateneo de Manila University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University"},{"link_name":"Colegio de San Juan de Letran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colegio_de_San_Juan_de_Letran"},{"link_name":"University of Santo Tomas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"},{"link_name":"a fascist uprising in July 1936","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_coup_of_July_1936"},{"link_name":"Spanish Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War"}],"text":"José María was born in Manila, Philippines on 5 September 1880 to Spanish parents Don Eugenio del Saz-Orozco de la Oz, the last Spanish Mayor of Manila, and Doña Felisa Mortera y Camacho. His early education took place at Ateneo de Manila University, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, and University of Santo Tomas.He left the Philippines when he was 16 years old to study in Spain. He was ordained a priest on 30 November 1910.Military generals staged a fascist uprising in July 1936 that began the Spanish Civil War. On 17 August 1936, José María was executed by the anti-fascist side at the gardens of the Cuartel de la Montaña, a military building in Madrid.","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2665Santo_Cristo_Saint_Andrew_Kim_Taegon_Parish_Church_06.jpg"},{"link_name":"Pope Francis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Francis"},{"link_name":"Congregation for the Causes of Saints","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints"},{"link_name":"Tarragona, Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarragona,_Spain"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Stained glass with Blessed Jose Maria de Manila on the lower left.On 27 March 2013, Pope Francis approved the findings of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints that José María and 521 other companions were killed because of their Roman Catholic faith, clearing the way for their beatification. They were beatified on 13 October 2013 in Tarragona, Spain.[citation needed]","title":"Beatification"}]
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[{"title":"Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War"}]
[{"reference":"\"Blessed José María of Manila\". Foundation Marypages Design. Retrieved 30 March 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.marypages.com/jose-maria-de-manila-en.html","url_text":"\"Blessed José María of Manila\""}]},{"reference":"\"Blessed José María of Manila\". Catholic Online. Retrieved 30 March 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=46071","url_text":"\"Blessed José María of Manila\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporizhstal
Zaporizhstal
["1 Ownership","2 Production","3 Directors","4 Awards","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"]
Ukrainian steel maker ZaporizhstalThe company's headquarters in ZaporizhzhiaCompany typePJSCISINUA4000071435 IndustryFerrous metallurgyFounded1933HeadquartersZaporizhzhia, UkraineKey peopleOleksandr Myronenko (CEO)ProductsCast iron, steel, cold-rolled sheetsNumber of employees14,387 (2014) ParentMetinvestWebsitewww.zaporizhstal.com Zaporizhstal (Ukrainian: Запорізький металургійний комбінат «Запоріжсталь») is Ukraine's fourth-largest steel maker with an annual capacity of 4.5 million tonnes of steel, 3.3 million tonnes of pig iron, and 4.1 million of finished steel products, and ranks 54th in the world. The company is Ukraine's only manufacturer of cold-rolled sheets, used in car manufacturing, as well as tinplates and polished stainless and alloyed steel. Zaporizhstal is located in the city of Zaporizhzhia, in a region with the highest per capita electricity output in Ukraine, close to raw material suppliers and steel consumers (pipe and machine building companies). The company was founded in 1933. Ownership The 1958 post stamp "Pioneers of the Soviet Industry" After the collapse of the USSR and the independence of Ukraine, the mill fell into the hands of the Ukrainian government. When privatization began in the mid-1990s, Vasily Khmelnytsky, an ambitious politician-turned-businessman, was named manager of the state's stake in the plant, and subsequently engineered the insider sale of many shares of the plant to his own investment company. The Ukrainian government began offering shares in Zaporizhstal in cash auctions in 1999. By 2001, Vasyl Khmelnytsky and a consortium led by the Midland Group controlled 93% of the mill. According to court documents, the Midland Group sold its 50% stake in 2009 to then-independent investment bank Troika Dialog following a bidding war that included other Zaporizhstal shareholders. However, The Wall Street Journal reports that the mill was sold in an offshore transaction that included five separate companies and was financed by Russian state-owned Vnesheconombank. It's unclear how this reporting relates to the UK court record of the sale to Troika. A Ukrainian holding company, Metinvest, eventually became full owners of the mill in 2013. Production In 2003, the company produced 4,355 ths. tonnes of raw steel (market share of 12%) and 3,625 ths. tonnes of finished steel products (11% share). Exports, delivered to 59 countries, accounted for 70% of Zaporizhstal's 2003 sales, with China, Middle Eastern states and the CIS among the main destinations. In 2015, the company has made 3.81 million tonnes of cast iron, 3.98 million tonnes of steel, 3.35 million tonnes of rolled steel. Zaporizhstal is considered to be one of the largest polluting companies in Ukraine. Directors 1934—1937 — Isak Rohachevskyi 1937—1948 — Anatoliy Kuzmin 1948—1956 — Anastas Boborykin 1956—1982 — Lev Yupko 1982—1986 — Oleksandr Herasymenko 1986—2012 — Vitaliy Satskyi 2012—2019 — Rostyslav Shurma from 2019 — Oleksandr Myronenko Awards Order of Lenin Order of the October Revolution See also Zaporizhzhia Foundry and Mechanical Plant References ^ "Ownership structure of PJSC "ZAPORIZHSTAL"". opendatabot.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-03-15. ^ a b Brown, Heidi; Vardi, Nathan (28 Mar 2005). "Man of Steel". Forbes. New York, NY. Archived from the original on March 13, 2005. Retrieved 27 July 2017. ^ Luxe Holding Ltd v Midland Resources Holding Ltd, HC10C01784 (Royal Courts of Justice 23 July 2010). ^ Barry, Rob; Stewart, Christopher; Forrest, Brett (17 May 2017). "Russian State-Run Bank Financed Deal Involving Trump Hotel Partner". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 27 July 2017. ^ Protess, Ben; Kramer, Andrew E.; McIntire, Mike (5 June 2017). "Bank at Center of U.S. Inquiry Projects Russian 'Soft Power'". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved 5 June 2017. ^ Interfax-Ukraine (29 May 2013). "Metinvest buys Zaporizhstal for $750 million". Kyiv Post. Kyiv, Ukraine. Retrieved 27 July 2017. ^ "Сменился гендиректор "Запорожстали", новым руководителем назначен Мироненко вместо Шурмы". Интерфакс-Украина (in Russian). 2019-11-25. Retrieved 2019-11-27. External links Official website vte Metallurgy in UkraineSteel and cast iron production Donetsk region Azovstal Mariupol Donetsk Kramatorsk Makiivka Yenakieve Luhansk region Alchevsk Zaporizhzhia region Zaporizhstal Dniprospetsstal Dnipropetrovsk region Kryvorizhstal Kamianske Dnipropetrovsk Dniprostal Poltava region Kremenchuk Electrometallurgy Donetsk region Donetsk Pipe and wire rope production Donetsk region Khartsyzk Silur Dnipropetrovsk region Nikopol Steel-like production(ferroalloy, dolomite, others) Donetsk region Dokuchaievsk Torez UkrAlloy Dnipropetrovsk region Nikopol Kamianske Cisdnieper Zaporizhzhia region Zaporizhzhia Zaporizhzhia UkrGraphite Mykolaiv region Mykolaiv Cherkasy region Cherkasy Kyiv Fiko Closed (historical) factories Zhytomyr region Denyshi Zhytomyr Luhansk region Luhansk Authority control databases International FAST VIAF 2 National United States 2 Other Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ukrainian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_language"},{"link_name":"Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine"},{"link_name":"steel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel"},{"link_name":"pig iron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_iron"},{"link_name":"Zaporizhzhia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporizhzhia"}],"text":"Zaporizhstal (Ukrainian: Запорізький металургійний комбінат «Запоріжсталь») is Ukraine's fourth-largest steel maker with an annual capacity of 4.5 million tonnes of steel, 3.3 million tonnes of pig iron, and 4.1 million of finished steel products, and ranks 54th in the world. The company is Ukraine's only manufacturer of cold-rolled sheets, used in car manufacturing, as well as tinplates and polished stainless and alloyed steel. Zaporizhstal is located in the city of Zaporizhzhia, in a region with the highest per capita electricity output in Ukraine, close to raw material suppliers and steel consumers (pipe and machine building companies). The company was founded in 1933.","title":"Zaporizhstal"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stamp_of_USSR_2251.jpg"},{"link_name":"USSR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSR"},{"link_name":"Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine"},{"link_name":"privatization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privatization"},{"link_name":"Vasily Khmelnytsky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vasily_Khmelnytsky&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Forbes2005-2"},{"link_name":"Vasyl Khmelnytsky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasyl_Khmelnytsky"},{"link_name":"Midland Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midland_Group"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Forbes2005-2"},{"link_name":"Troika Dialog","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troika_Dialog"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"The Wall Street Journal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal"},{"link_name":"Vnesheconombank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vnesheconombank"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WSJ17May-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYT5june17-5"},{"link_name":"Metinvest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metinvest"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-KyivPost-6"}],"text":"The 1958 post stamp \"Pioneers of the Soviet Industry\"After the collapse of the USSR and the independence of Ukraine, the mill fell into the hands of the Ukrainian government. When privatization began in the mid-1990s, Vasily Khmelnytsky, an ambitious politician-turned-businessman, was named manager of the state's stake in the plant, and subsequently engineered the insider sale of many shares of the plant to his own investment company.[2]The Ukrainian government began offering shares in Zaporizhstal in cash auctions in 1999. By 2001, Vasyl Khmelnytsky and a consortium led by the Midland Group controlled 93% of the mill.[2] According to court documents, the Midland Group sold its 50% stake in 2009 to then-independent investment bank Troika Dialog following a bidding war that included other Zaporizhstal shareholders.[3] However, The Wall Street Journal reports that the mill was sold in an offshore transaction that included five separate companies and was financed by Russian state-owned Vnesheconombank.[4][5] It's unclear how this reporting relates to the UK court record of the sale to Troika.A Ukrainian holding company, Metinvest, eventually became full owners of the mill in 2013.[6]","title":"Ownership"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"clarification needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify"},{"link_name":"by whom?","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions"}],"text":"In 2003, the company produced 4,355 ths.[clarification needed] tonnes of raw steel (market share of 12%) and 3,625 ths. tonnes of finished steel products (11% share). Exports, delivered to 59 countries, accounted for 70% of Zaporizhstal's 2003 sales, with China, Middle Eastern states and the CIS among the main destinations. In 2015, the company has made 3.81 million tonnes of cast iron, 3.98 million tonnes of steel, 3.35 million tonnes of rolled steel.Zaporizhstal is considered[by whom?] to be one of the largest polluting companies in Ukraine.","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Isak Rohachevskyi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isak_Rohachevskyi&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Anatoliy Kuzmin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anatoliy_Kuzmin&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Anastas Boborykin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anastas_Boborykin&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Lev Yupko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lev_Yupko&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Oleksandr Herasymenko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oleksandr_Herasymenko&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Vitaliy Satskyi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaliy_Satskyi"},{"link_name":"Rostyslav Shurma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostyslav_Shurma"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"1934—1937 — Isak Rohachevskyi\n1937—1948 — Anatoliy Kuzmin\n1948—1956 — Anastas Boborykin\n1956—1982 — Lev Yupko\n1982—1986 — Oleksandr Herasymenko\n1986—2012 — Vitaliy Satskyi\n2012—2019 — Rostyslav Shurma\nfrom 2019 — Oleksandr Myronenko[7]","title":"Directors"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Order of Lenin\nOrder of the October Revolution","title":"Awards"}]
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[{"title":"Zaporizhzhia Foundry and Mechanical Plant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Foundry_and_Mechanical_Plant"}]
[{"reference":"\"Ownership structure of PJSC \"ZAPORIZHSTAL\"\". opendatabot.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-03-15.","urls":[{"url":"https://opendatabot.ua/c/00191230","url_text":"\"Ownership structure of PJSC \"ZAPORIZHSTAL\"\""}]},{"reference":"Brown, Heidi; Vardi, Nathan (28 Mar 2005). \"Man of Steel\". Forbes. New York, NY. Archived from the original on March 13, 2005. Retrieved 27 July 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20050313020132/http://www.forbes.com/free_forbes/2005/0328/132.html","url_text":"\"Man of Steel\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes","url_text":"Forbes"},{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/free_forbes/2005/0328/132.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Luxe Holding Ltd v Midland Resources Holding Ltd","urls":[]},{"reference":"Barry, Rob; Stewart, Christopher; Forrest, Brett (17 May 2017). \"Russian State-Run Bank Financed Deal Involving Trump Hotel Partner\". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 27 July 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/russian-state-run-bank-financed-deal-involving-trump-hotel-partner-1495031708","url_text":"\"Russian State-Run Bank Financed Deal Involving Trump Hotel Partner\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal","url_text":"The Wall Street Journal"}]},{"reference":"Protess, Ben; Kramer, Andrew E.; McIntire, Mike (5 June 2017). \"Bank at Center of U.S. Inquiry Projects Russian 'Soft Power'\". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved 5 June 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/04/business/vnesheconombank-veb-bank-russia-trump-kushner.html","url_text":"\"Bank at Center of U.S. Inquiry Projects Russian 'Soft Power'\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times","url_text":"The New York Times"}]},{"reference":"Interfax-Ukraine (29 May 2013). \"Metinvest buys Zaporizhstal for $750 million\". Kyiv Post. Kyiv, Ukraine. Retrieved 27 July 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/business/metinvest-bought-998-of-zaporizhstal-for-750-m-324971.html","url_text":"\"Metinvest buys Zaporizhstal for $750 million\""}]},{"reference":"\"Сменился гендиректор \"Запорожстали\", новым руководителем назначен Мироненко вместо Шурмы\". Интерфакс-Украина (in Russian). 2019-11-25. Retrieved 2019-11-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://interfax.com.ua/news/economic/626635.html","url_text":"\"Сменился гендиректор \"Запорожстали\", новым руководителем назначен Мироненко вместо Шурмы\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angels_%26_Vampires_-_Volume_I
Angels & Vampires – Volume I
["1 Track listing","2 External links"]
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Angels & Vampires – Volume I" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 2005 studio album by Sananda MaitreyaAngels & Vampires – Volume IStudio album by Sananda MaitreyaReleased2005GenreRockLength68:00LabelTreehouse PublishingSananda Maitreya chronology Wildcard(2001) Angels & Vampires – Volume I(2005) Angels & Vampires - Volume II(2006) Angels & Vampires – Volume I is Sananda Maitreya's sixth album, released in 2005 on his own official website. It was his first album to be released under his new legal name; previous albums were credited under the stage name of Terence Trent D'Arby. The album was released only as an internet download and introduced a more organic, stripped-down sound, quite different from Maitreya's earlier albums that had heavily taken advantage of electronic equipment. This album was released together with volume II as a limited double CD release in 2007, the double set is only available on his official website and during concerts. Track listing "Four Shadow" – 0:51 "Angie" – 2:09 "Boolay Boolay" – 2:33 "More Than You Do" – 2:19 "Reach Out" – 4:03 "I'm Your Daddy" – 3:31 "Dolphin" – 5:42 "Time Takes Time" – 2:23 "Share Your Pain" – 3:06 "We are the Living" – 5:02 "It Ain't Been Easy" – 3:16 "Psychotherapy" – 3:56 "Bella Faccina" – 3:48 "The Kind of Girl" – 4:26 "If All I've Got" – 2:09 "Losing Becomes Too Easy" – 5:19 "Daddy, Can I Have a War?" – 2:57 "Gloria (Maitreya's Song)" – 4:54 "She Knows I'm Leaving" – 2:53 "Right Brain Says" – 3:04 External links Sananda Maitreya's Official Site Includes a more detailed discography vteTerence Trent D'ArbyStudio albums Introducing the Hardline According to Terence Trent D'Arby Neither Fish nor Flesh Symphony or Damn Vibrator Wildcard Angels & Vampires – Volume I Angels & Vampires – Volume II Nigor Mortis The Sphinx Return to Zooathalon The Rise of the Zugebrian Time Lords Prometheus & Pandora Pandora's PlayHouse Compilation albums Greatest Hits Singles "If You Let Me Stay" "Wishing Well" "Dance Little Sister" "Sign Your Name" "This Side of Love" "Delicate" "Let Her Down Easy" Related articles Discography Category Authority control databases MusicBrainz release group This 2005 rock album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
null
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditsworthy_Warren_House
Ditsworthy Warren House
["1 History and construction","2 Ditsworthy Warren","3 Recent use","4 Gallery","5 References","6 External links"]
Coordinates: 50°28′44.96″N 3°59′49.18″W / 50.4791556°N 3.9969944°W / 50.4791556; -3.9969944 FarmhouseDitsworthy Warren HouseDitsworthy Warren House in 2004.General informationTypeFarmhouse Ditsworthy Warren House is a Grade II listed building near Sheepstor in Devon, England. It is an isolated building on the south-western edge of Dartmoor, and was built for the keeper of the rabbit warren near the house. It was used in 2010 as a filming location for the Steven Spielberg film, War Horse. History and construction The dating of the house is open to some debate. The official listing for the house, compiled by an architectural historian for the Department of the Environment (now English Heritage) on 15 April 1978 suggests that the oldest part of the house dates from the late 18th century or early to mid 19th century. English Heritage's Pastscape page for Ditsworthy Warren states "The Warren House ... is said to be 16th century and may well have been built on the site of a previous house (The original Ditsworthy Farm?). The building has been added to at some fairly recent period, and in that addition and in various outhouses attached ... Externally it appears to be entirely of 19th century construction" whereas the Pastscape page for Ditsworthy Warren House itself says it "has six well-preserved but ruined out-buildings. It is first mentioned in 1474 but is very probably earlier. As it stands the warren house is of probably late 16th or early 17th-century construction on earlier foundations." The walls are built of granite rubble; only some of the external render that covered the stonework still survives. The original roofing material would have been stone roof tiles. Originally the house comprised a symmetrical two-storey building with central door and porch, but in the late 19th century a one-room, two-storey extension was added to the right-hand end of the house. Next to the house is a shippon stand, the animal living quarters. Ditsworthy Warren Ditsworthy Warren House, showing its isolated location on Dartmoor, looking across Hentor Meadow to the house with Leather Tor and Sharpitor in the left background. The house was built for the keeper of Ditsworthy Warren, an area of land covering approximately a square kilometre, where rabbits were commercially bred and kept for their meat and fur. The rabbits lived in "pillow mounds", long cigar-shaped structures in the area built of stone and covered with earth, in which the rabbits could burrow and live. Dartmoor was suitable for rabbit keeping as it was poor agricultural land (rabbits and crops don't mix happily), and had a good supply of stone for constructing the pillow mounds, walls and vermin traps needed at these sites. Ditsworthy Warren comprises 53 pillow mounds, averaging 16m long, 7.2m wide and 1m high. In addition, there is the "Kennel Court" in the field immediately to the east of the house, where the warren dogs were kept. The walls of the court are six feet high to prevent the dogs from escaping. Ditsworthy Warren was the largest rabbit warren in England. Recent use The house was abandoned in 1947. The roof tiles have been removed and the roof is covered with felt; the windows are closed with modern shutters. The shippon stand is partly ruined. The house and land is owned by the Maristow Estate. The house is situated within the Dartmoor National Park. Three bridleways converge on Ditsworthy Warren House, and so it is a popular place for leisure users of Dartmoor, such as ramblers, letterboxers and geocachers, horseriders and mountain bikers. There is no vehicular right of way to the house, and apart from access on the bridleways, the land immediately surrounding the house is not open to the public. The British Armed Forces regularly train on Dartmoor, and Ditsworthy Warren House is leased by the Admiralty and used as part of the Dartmoor Training Area, as a "stone tent", a farm building used to provide basic shelter. The house can hold 23 troops, and there is space in the area around the house for additional tents. In August 2010 Ditsworthy Warren House was used as a filming location for the Steven Spielberg film, War Horse, serving as the Narracott family's farmhouse. The house was dressed for the film, with thatched roof and window shutters added, as well as a lean-to wood store. In addition, a cruck framed building set was built close by, to serve as the barn. The set was dismantled after filming and the restoration of the site to its pre-existing state was undertaken. One of the first official publicity stills released in March 2011 shows lead actor Jeremy Irvine as Albert Narracott and Emily Watson as his mother Rose Narracott in a kitchen scene at Ditsworthy Warren House. By coincidence, two local novice film-makers who had been hoping to film at Ditsworthy Warren House at the same time found out about Spielberg's use of the site only weeks before their filming was due to commence. They filmed at Nun's Cross Farmhouse near Princetown as their alternative location. War Horse production designer Rick Carter said of Ditsworthy Warren House: "Finally in Dartmoor we found a derelict building in the middle of nowhere that we brought back to life. It had 360-degree views, which give it a sense of being part of something huge and imposing — the expanse of skies, the force of the elements — and that created a beauty beyond what we had hoped for." On 16 March 2011 a local blogger published an account of her unofficial visit to the War Horse set at Ditsworthy Warren House during filming, and despite the security on-set, was able to take photographs of the interior of the set and of Steven Spielberg. Gallery Ditsworthy Warren House and Plym Valley viewed from Legis Tor. Dog kennel next to Ditsworthy Warren House. References ^ a b c Historic England (3 September 2001). "DITSWORTHY WARREN HOUSE, SHEEPSTOR, WEST DEVON, DEVON (1305697)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 31 March 2011. ^ a b c "Free Dartmoor stone walling event". Dartmoor National Park Authority. 10 July 2007. Retrieved 31 March 2011. ^ a b Staff writer (27 October 2010). "Dartmoor makes an impression on Steven Spielberg". The Herald. Plymouth. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2011. ^ a b c d "Pastscape: Ditsworthy Warren. More Information and Sources". English Heritage. Retrieved 31 March 2011. ^ "Pastscape: Ditsworthy Warren Farmhouse. More Information and Sources". English Heritage. Retrieved 1 April 2011. ^ Sandles, Tim (8 May 2008). "Legendary Dartmoor: Dartmoor's Rabbit Warrens". Legendary Dartmoor. Retrieved 31 March 2011. ^ "Ditsworthy Warren House". Geocaching – The Official Global GPS Cache Hunt Site. Retrieved 31 March 2011. ^ Ordnance Survey Map Explorer OL28, 1:25,000 scale, grid reference 584662. ^ "Dartmoor Training Area Environmental Appraisal". Ministry of Defence. 31 October 2007. Retrieved 2 July 2016. ^ "Dartmoor News: War Horse at Ditsworthy". Dartmoor News Magazine. Archived from the original on 14 August 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2011. ^ "Plymouth Ramblers: Pictures and Maps from some of our walks". Plymouth Ramblers. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2011. ^ "First War Horse Stills | Movie Galleries | Empire". Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2011. ^ "Launceston directors beat to the punch by Steven Spielberg in Dartmoor location choice". Launceston Post. 25 August 2010. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011. ^ "Spielberg shares Dartmoor with Devon and Cornwall filmmakers". Plymouth.myvillage.com. 31 August 2010. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2011. ^ http://www.visualhollywood.com/movies_2011/war_horse/notes.pdf Archived 2014-04-30 at the Wayback Machine official War Horse production notes ^ Hallett, Claire (16 March 2010). "A Week in the life of War Horse (or on the outskirts)". My Blog, Indi-pen.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2011. External links Geocache photographs of Ditsworthy Warren House, including some of the film set Photographs of the film set at Ditsworthy Warren House Archived 5 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine Photographs of the film set at Ditsworthy Warren House including interior shot Photographs of the film set at Ditsworthy Warren House being dismantled 50°28′44.96″N 3°59′49.18″W / 50.4791556°N 3.9969944°W / 50.4791556; -3.9969944
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"listed building","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listed_building"},{"link_name":"Sheepstor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheepstor"},{"link_name":"Dartmoor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dartmoor"},{"link_name":"rabbit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Rabbit"},{"link_name":"warren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_(domestic)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IoE-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DNPA-2"},{"link_name":"Steven Spielberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Spielberg"},{"link_name":"War Horse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Horse_(film)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Herald-3"}],"text":"FarmhouseDitsworthy Warren House is a Grade II listed building near Sheepstor in Devon, England. It is an isolated building on the south-western edge of Dartmoor, and was built for the keeper of the rabbit warren near the house.[1][2] It was used in 2010 as a filming location for the Steven Spielberg film, War Horse.[3]","title":"Ditsworthy Warren House"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"listing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listed_building"},{"link_name":"English Heritage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Heritage"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IoE-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EH-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EH2-5"},{"link_name":"granite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite"},{"link_name":"rubble","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubble"},{"link_name":"render","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stucco"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IoE-1"}],"text":"The dating of the house is open to some debate. The official listing for the house, compiled by an architectural historian for the Department of the Environment (now English Heritage) on 15 April 1978 suggests that the oldest part of the house dates from the late 18th century or early to mid 19th century.[1] English Heritage's Pastscape page for Ditsworthy Warren states \"The Warren House ... is said to be 16th century and may well have been built on the site of a previous house (The original Ditsworthy Farm?). The building has been added to at some fairly recent\nperiod, and in that addition and in various outhouses attached ... Externally it appears to be entirely of 19th century construction\"[4] whereas the Pastscape page for Ditsworthy Warren House itself says it \"has six well-preserved but ruined out-buildings. It is first mentioned in 1474 but is very probably earlier. As it stands the warren house is of probably late 16th or early 17th-century construction on earlier foundations.\"[5]The walls are built of granite rubble; only some of the external render that covered the stonework still survives. The original roofing material would have been stone roof tiles. Originally the house comprised a symmetrical two-storey building with central door and porch, but in the late 19th century a one-room, two-storey extension was added to the right-hand end of the house. Next to the house is a shippon stand, the animal living quarters.[1]","title":"History and construction"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ditsworthy_Warren_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1201888.jpg"},{"link_name":"Sharpitor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpitor"},{"link_name":"rabbits","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Rabbit"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EH-4"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DNPA-2"}],"text":"Ditsworthy Warren House, showing its isolated location on Dartmoor, looking across Hentor Meadow to the house with Leather Tor and Sharpitor in the left background.The house was built for the keeper of Ditsworthy Warren, an area of land covering approximately a square kilometre, where rabbits were commercially bred and kept for their meat and fur. The rabbits lived in \"pillow mounds\", long cigar-shaped structures in the area built of stone and covered with earth, in which the rabbits could burrow and live. Dartmoor was suitable for rabbit keeping as it was poor agricultural land (rabbits and crops don't mix happily), and had a good supply of stone for constructing the pillow mounds, walls and vermin traps needed at these sites.[6]Ditsworthy Warren comprises 53 pillow mounds, averaging 16m long, 7.2m wide and 1m high. In addition, there is the \"Kennel Court\" in the field immediately to the east of the house, where the warren dogs were kept. The walls of the court are six feet high to prevent the dogs from escaping.[4] Ditsworthy Warren was the largest rabbit warren in England.[2]","title":"Ditsworthy Warren"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EH-4"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DNPA-2"},{"link_name":"Dartmoor National Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dartmoor_National_Park"},{"link_name":"bridleways","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridle_path"},{"link_name":"ramblers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramblers"},{"link_name":"letterboxers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letterboxing_(hobby)"},{"link_name":"geocachers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocaching"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"British Armed Forces","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Armed_Forces"},{"link_name":"Admiralty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Admiralty"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EH-4"},{"link_name":"Dartmoor Training Area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dartmoor_Training_Area"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Steven Spielberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Spielberg"},{"link_name":"War Horse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Horse_(film)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"thatched","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatched"},{"link_name":"cruck framed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruck_frame"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Herald-3"},{"link_name":"Jeremy Irvine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Irvine"},{"link_name":"Emily Watson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Watson"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Princetown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princetown"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Rick Carter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Carter"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"text":"The house was abandoned in 1947.[4] The roof tiles have been removed and the roof is covered with felt; the windows are closed with modern shutters. The shippon stand is partly ruined. The house and land is owned by the Maristow Estate.[2]The house is situated within the Dartmoor National Park. Three bridleways converge on Ditsworthy Warren House, and so it is a popular place for leisure users of Dartmoor, such as ramblers, letterboxers and geocachers,[7] horseriders and mountain bikers. There is no vehicular right of way to the house, and apart from access on the bridleways, the land immediately surrounding the house is not open to the public.[8]The British Armed Forces regularly train on Dartmoor, and Ditsworthy Warren House is leased by the Admiralty[4] and used as part of the Dartmoor Training Area, as a \"stone tent\", a farm building used to provide basic shelter. The house can hold 23 troops, and there is space in the area around the house for additional tents.[9]In August 2010 Ditsworthy Warren House was used as a filming location for the Steven Spielberg film, War Horse, serving as the Narracott family's farmhouse.[10][11] The house was dressed for the film, with thatched roof and window shutters added, as well as a lean-to wood store. In addition, a cruck framed building set was built close by, to serve as the barn. The set was dismantled after filming and the restoration of the site to its pre-existing state was undertaken.[3] One of the first official publicity stills released in March 2011 shows lead actor Jeremy Irvine as Albert Narracott and Emily Watson as his mother Rose Narracott in a kitchen scene at Ditsworthy Warren House.[12] By coincidence, two local novice film-makers who had been hoping to film at Ditsworthy Warren House at the same time found out about Spielberg's use of the site only weeks before their filming was due to commence. They filmed at Nun's Cross Farmhouse near Princetown as their alternative location.[13][14]War Horse production designer Rick Carter said of Ditsworthy Warren House: \"Finally in Dartmoor we found a derelict building in the middle of nowhere that we brought back to life. It had 360-degree views, which give it a sense of being part of something huge and imposing — the expanse of skies, the force of the elements — and that created a beauty beyond what we had hoped for.\"[15]On 16 March 2011 a local blogger published an account of her unofficial visit to the War Horse set at Ditsworthy Warren House during filming, and despite the security on-set, was able to take photographs of the interior of the set and of Steven Spielberg.[16]","title":"Recent use"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ditsworthy_Warren_House_and_Plym_valley_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1267190.jpg"},{"link_name":"Plym Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Plym_Valley"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dog_kennel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1763313.jpg"}],"text":"Ditsworthy Warren House and Plym Valley viewed from Legis Tor.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tDog kennel next to Ditsworthy Warren House.","title":"Gallery"}]
[{"image_text":"Ditsworthy Warren House, showing its isolated location on Dartmoor, looking across Hentor Meadow to the house with Leather Tor and Sharpitor in the left background.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ditsworthy_Warren_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1201888.jpg/220px-Ditsworthy_Warren_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1201888.jpg"}]
null
[{"reference":"Historic England (3 September 2001). \"DITSWORTHY WARREN HOUSE, SHEEPSTOR, WEST DEVON, DEVON (1305697)\". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 31 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_England","url_text":"Historic England"},{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1305697","url_text":"\"DITSWORTHY WARREN HOUSE, SHEEPSTOR, WEST DEVON, DEVON (1305697)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England","url_text":"National Heritage List for England"}]},{"reference":"\"Free Dartmoor stone walling event\". Dartmoor National Park Authority. 10 July 2007. Retrieved 31 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.dartmoor-npa.gov.uk/aboutus/news/au-geninterestnews/au-2007-archive/au_wallingpr07","url_text":"\"Free Dartmoor stone walling event\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dartmoor_National_Park_Authority","url_text":"Dartmoor National Park Authority"}]},{"reference":"Staff writer (27 October 2010). \"Dartmoor makes an impression on Steven Spielberg\". The Herald. Plymouth. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20130505080027/http://www.thisisdevon.co.uk/news/Moors-make-impression-Spielberg/article-2804267-detail/article.html","url_text":"\"Dartmoor makes an impression on Steven Spielberg\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Herald_(Plymouth)","url_text":"The Herald"},{"url":"http://www.thisisdevon.co.uk/news/Moors-make-impression-Spielberg/article-2804267-detail/article.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Pastscape: Ditsworthy Warren. More Information and Sources\". English Heritage. Retrieved 31 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=438818&sort=2&rational=m&recordsperpage=60&maplat=50.48357610&maplong=-4.00532545&mapisa=1000&mapist=os&mapilo=-4.0053&mapila=50.4836&mapiloe=w&mapilan=n&mapios=SX577668&mapigrn=66850&mapigre=257750&mapipc=#aRt","url_text":"\"Pastscape: Ditsworthy Warren. More Information and Sources\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Heritage","url_text":"English Heritage"}]},{"reference":"\"Pastscape: Ditsworthy Warren Farmhouse. More Information and Sources\". English Heritage. Retrieved 1 April 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=619142&sort=2&rational=m&recordsperpage=60&maplat=50.48357610&maplong=-4.00532545&mapisa=1000&mapist=os&mapilo=-4.0053&mapila=50.4836&mapiloe=w&mapilan=n&mapios=SX577668&mapigrn=66850&mapigre=257750&mapipc=","url_text":"\"Pastscape: Ditsworthy Warren Farmhouse. More Information and Sources\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Heritage","url_text":"English Heritage"}]},{"reference":"Sandles, Tim (8 May 2008). \"Legendary Dartmoor: Dartmoor's Rabbit Warrens\". Legendary Dartmoor. Retrieved 31 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.legendarydartmoor.co.uk/rabb_warr.htm","url_text":"\"Legendary Dartmoor: Dartmoor's Rabbit Warrens\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ditsworthy Warren House\". Geocaching – The Official Global GPS Cache Hunt Site. Retrieved 31 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?guid=bedf6f2e-365c-4eee-ad36-19c3fcc9ef92&log=y&decrypt=","url_text":"\"Ditsworthy Warren House\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dartmoor Training Area Environmental Appraisal\". Ministry of Defence. 31 October 2007. Retrieved 2 July 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dartmoor-training-area-environmental-appraisal-2007","url_text":"\"Dartmoor Training Area Environmental Appraisal\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dartmoor News: War Horse at Ditsworthy\". Dartmoor News Magazine. Archived from the original on 14 August 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110814011423/http://www.dartmoornewsmagazine.co.uk/news","url_text":"\"Dartmoor News: War Horse at Ditsworthy\""},{"url":"http://www.dartmoornewsmagazine.co.uk/news","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Plymouth Ramblers: Pictures and Maps from some of our walks\". Plymouth Ramblers. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120322024332/http://www.plymouthramblers.org.uk/page34.html","url_text":"\"Plymouth Ramblers: Pictures and Maps from some of our walks\""},{"url":"http://www.plymouthramblers.org.uk/page34.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"First War Horse Stills | Movie Galleries | Empire\". Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121020091718/http://www.empireonline.com/gallery/image.asp?id=49430&caption=&gallery=3109","url_text":"\"First War Horse Stills | Movie Galleries | Empire\""},{"url":"http://www.empireonline.com/gallery/image.asp?id%3D49430%26caption%3D%26gallery%3D3109","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Launceston directors beat to the punch by Steven Spielberg in Dartmoor location choice\". Launceston Post. 25 August 2010. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111007092256/http://www.launceston-today.co.uk/news.cfm?id=29649","url_text":"\"Launceston directors beat to the punch by Steven Spielberg in Dartmoor location choice\""},{"url":"http://www.launceston-today.co.uk/news.cfm?id=29649","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Spielberg shares Dartmoor with Devon and Cornwall filmmakers\". Plymouth.myvillage.com. 31 August 2010. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20120716075622/http://plymouth.myvillage.com/news/spielberg-shares-dartmoor-with-devon-and-cornwall-filmmakers","url_text":"\"Spielberg shares Dartmoor with Devon and Cornwall filmmakers\""},{"url":"http://plymouth.myvillage.com/news/spielberg-shares-dartmoor-with-devon-and-cornwall-filmmakers","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Hallett, Claire (16 March 2010). \"A Week in the life of War Horse (or on the outskirts)\". My Blog, Indi-pen.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120208072330/http://www.indi-pen.com/?p=38","url_text":"\"A Week in the life of War Horse (or on the outskirts)\""},{"url":"http://www.indi-pen.com/?p=38","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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More Information and Sources\""},{"Link":"http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=619142&sort=2&rational=m&recordsperpage=60&maplat=50.48357610&maplong=-4.00532545&mapisa=1000&mapist=os&mapilo=-4.0053&mapila=50.4836&mapiloe=w&mapilan=n&mapios=SX577668&mapigrn=66850&mapigre=257750&mapipc=","external_links_name":"\"Pastscape: Ditsworthy Warren Farmhouse. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Reese
Big Reese
["1 Biography","2 References","3 External links"]
This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: "Big Reese" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Big ReeseBirth nameMaurice SinclairOriginBirmingham, Alabama, United StatesGenres Hip hop R&B Occupation(s) Rapper singer songwriter record producer Musical artist Maurice Sinclair, better known as his stage name Big Reese (or simply Reese) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer, who was a member of the trio P.A. Biography Big Reese emerged from the Organized Noize production camp helping to frame the Atlanta wing of hip-hop's rising force and becoming a number hitmaker. Big Reese was also originally a member of the rap group P.A. Big Reese began growing as an artist and a record producer. He found P.A. a home at DreamWorks Records and began production on their debut album. In 2001, Big Reese split from the group and DreamWorks in pursuit of a solo production career. Big Reese scored a song for the movie 2 Fast 2 Furious. The song "Ride", personally chosen by director John Singleton and music supervisor Paul Stewart, was performed and produced by Big Reese. Having produced songs for new as well as multi-platinum selling artists such as Mario, TLC, Andre 3000, Pink, T.I., Sleepy Brown, Mystikal, Da Brat, Dan Talevski, Sterling Simms, Esmee Denters, Cherish, and more. Big Reese's production credits are just as impressive as his album credentials. His most recent accomplishments include Mariah Carey's "Shake It Off" (remix) featuring Jay-Z and Young Jeezy, Rick Ross's "Street Life" featuring Lloyd, Young Dro's "It Ain't Over" and Lloyd's "You" featuring Lil Wayne which went #1 on Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #1 on Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart also #1 on the R&R charts and became the number one Ringtone in the country. His work with Lloyd was not yet finished because along came one of the hottest remixes to hit the airwaves "You" featuring Nas and Andre 3000. He also produced T.I.'s "Hustlin'" featured on the T.I. vs T.I.P. exclusive album and Mario's Lay in My Bed on his album Go. In 2010, Reservoir Media Management acquired 100% of Big Reese's publishing assets which had formerly been administered by TVT Music Enterprises, LLC. Reese produced Lloyd's single "Girls Around the World" featuring Lil Wayne off Lloyd's, Lessons In Love. He has a record label by the name of Sonic Jungle Records. The 1st release is by J.Monroe, a female singer from Atlanta. He is the executive producer on her album, and her debut single, "Hey Blondie". References ^ Phares, Heather "Parental Advisory Biography", AllMusic, retrieved 2010-12-04 ^ Green, Tony (2000) "Parental Advisory My Life:Your Entertainment", Vibe, September 2000, p. 243, retrieved 2010-12-04 ^ "2 Fast 2 Furious Soundtrack", IMDb, retrieved 2010-12-04 ^ "Reservoir Media Management Acquires TVT Publishing Assets". Billboard. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2012. External links Big Reese discography at Discogs vteP.A. Mello Kawan Prather Big Reese Studio albums Ghetto Street Funk (1993) Straight No Chase (1998) My Life, Your Entertainment (2000) vteDungeon FamilyGroups OutKast Goodie Mob Organized Noize P.A. Lumberjacks Society of Soul Members Sleepy Brown André 3000 Big Boi Mr. DJ Big Gipp CeeLo Green Khujo T-Mo Debra Killings Big Rube Cool Breeze Big Reese Killer Mike Bubba Sparxxx BlackOwned C-Bone Supa Nate Future Janelle Monáe Albums Even in Darkness (2001)
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans"},{"link_name":"rapper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapper"},{"link_name":"songwriter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songwriter"},{"link_name":"record producer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_producer"},{"link_name":"P.A.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.A._(group)"}],"text":"Musical artistMaurice Sinclair, better known as his stage name Big Reese (or simply Reese) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer, who was a member of the trio P.A.","title":"Big Reese"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Organized Noize","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organized_Noize"},{"link_name":"P.A.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.A._(group)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Phares-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Green-2"},{"link_name":"DreamWorks Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DreamWorks_Records"},{"link_name":"2 Fast 2 Furious","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Fast_2_Furious"},{"link_name":"John Singleton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Singleton"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Mario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario"},{"link_name":"TLC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLC_(band)"},{"link_name":"Andre 3000","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_3000"},{"link_name":"Pink","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_(singer)"},{"link_name":"T.I.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.I."},{"link_name":"Sleepy Brown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepy_Brown"},{"link_name":"Mystikal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystikal"},{"link_name":"Da Brat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da_Brat"},{"link_name":"Sterling Simms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_Simms"},{"link_name":"Cherish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherish_(group)"},{"link_name":"Mariah Carey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariah_Carey"},{"link_name":"Shake It Off","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shake_It_Off_(Mariah_Carey_song)"},{"link_name":"Jay-Z","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay-Z"},{"link_name":"Young Jeezy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Jeezy"},{"link_name":"Rick Ross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Ross_(rapper)"},{"link_name":"Lloyd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_(singer)"},{"link_name":"Young Dro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Dro"},{"link_name":"Lloyd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_(singer)"},{"link_name":"You","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_(Lloyd_song)"},{"link_name":"Lil Wayne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lil_Wayne"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs"},{"link_name":"Billboard Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100"},{"link_name":"Lloyd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_(singer)"},{"link_name":"Nas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nas"},{"link_name":"Andre 3000","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_3000"},{"link_name":"T.I. vs T.I.P.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.I._vs_T.I.P."},{"link_name":"Mario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario"},{"link_name":"Go","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(Mario_album)"},{"link_name":"TVT Music Enterprises, LLC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVT_Records"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Billboard-4"},{"link_name":"Girls Around the World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girls_Around_the_World"},{"link_name":"Lessons In Love","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lessons_in_Love_(Lloyd_album)"}],"text":"Big Reese emerged from the Organized Noize production camp helping to frame the Atlanta wing of hip-hop's rising force and becoming a number hitmaker. Big Reese was also originally a member of the rap group P.A.[1][2] Big Reese began growing as an artist and a record producer. He found P.A. a home at DreamWorks Records and began production on their debut album.In 2001, Big Reese split from the group and DreamWorks in pursuit of a solo production career. Big Reese scored a song for the movie 2 Fast 2 Furious. The song \"Ride\", personally chosen by director John Singleton and music supervisor Paul Stewart, was performed and produced by Big Reese.[3] Having produced songs for new as well as multi-platinum selling artists such as Mario, TLC, Andre 3000, Pink, T.I., Sleepy Brown, Mystikal, Da Brat, Dan Talevski, Sterling Simms, Esmee Denters, Cherish, and more. Big Reese's production credits are just as impressive as his album credentials. His most recent accomplishments include Mariah Carey's \"Shake It Off\" (remix) featuring Jay-Z and Young Jeezy, Rick Ross's \"Street Life\" featuring Lloyd, Young Dro's \"It Ain't Over\" and Lloyd's \"You\" featuring Lil Wayne which went #1 on Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #1 on Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart also #1 on the R&R charts and became the number one Ringtone in the country. His work with Lloyd was not yet finished because along came one of the hottest remixes to hit the airwaves \"You\" featuring Nas and Andre 3000. He also produced T.I.'s \"Hustlin'\" featured on the T.I. vs T.I.P. exclusive album and Mario's Lay in My Bed on his album Go.In 2010, Reservoir Media Management acquired 100% of Big Reese's publishing assets which had formerly been administered by TVT Music Enterprises, LLC.[4] Reese produced Lloyd's single \"Girls Around the World\" featuring Lil Wayne off Lloyd's, Lessons In Love. He has a record label by the name of Sonic Jungle Records. The 1st release is by J.Monroe, a female singer from Atlanta. He is the executive producer on her album, and her debut single, \"Hey Blondie\".","title":"Biography"}]
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_history
Diplomatic history
["1 History","2 Historiography","2.1 Ranke","2.2 20th century scholars","2.3 Causes of World War Two","2.4 French approaches","2.5 Fischer debate on World War One","2.6 Mason–Overy debate on internal pressures inside Nazi Germany","2.7 Japanese-American relations","2.8 Vietnam war and revisionism","2.9 Recent trends","3 Historical studies","4 Prominent diplomatic historians","5 See also","6 References","7 Further reading","7.1 World view","7.2 European diplomacy","7.3 United States","7.4 Historiography","8 External links"]
This article is about the history of international relations. For the scholarly journal, see Diplomatic History (journal). For the textual analysis of historical documents, see Diplomatics. Diplomatic history deals with the history of international relations between states. Diplomatic history can be different from international relations in that the former can concern itself with the foreign policy of one state while the latter deals with relations between two or more states. Diplomatic history tends to be more concerned with the history of diplomacy, but international relations concern more with current events and creating a model intended to shed explanatory light on international politics. History Main article: Diplomacy § History Historiography Ranke In the 5th century BCE the Greek historian Thucydides was highly concerned with the relations among states. However Leopold von Ranke (1795–1886), the leading German historian of the 19th century, codified the modern form of diplomatic history. Ranke wrote largely on the history of Early Modern Europe, using the diplomatic archives of the European powers (particularly the Republic of Venice) to construct a detailed understanding of the history of Europe wie es eigentlich gewesen ist ("as it actually happened"). Ranke saw diplomatic history as the most important kind of history to write because of his idea of the "Primacy of Foreign Affairs" (Primat der Aussenpolitik), arguing that the concerns of international relations drive the internal development of the state. Ranke's understanding of diplomatic history relied on using as sources the large number of official documents produced by modern western governments; he argued that historians should examine such sources in an objective and neutral spirit. 20th century scholars Ranke's understanding of the dominance of foreign policy, and hence an emphasis on diplomatic history, remained the dominant paradigm in historical writing through the first half of the twentieth century. In the early 20th centuries, work by prominent diplomatic historians such as Charles Webster, Harold Temperley, and Bernadotte Everly Schmitt focused on great European events, especially wars and peace conferences. A notable breakthrough in diplomatic historiography occurred in 1910 when the French government start to publish all of the archives relating to the war of 1870. Ranke's approach, combined with the effects of the War Guilt Clause in the Treaty of Versailles (1919) that blamed Germany, stimulated a massive outpouring in many languages on the origins of the war of 1914. The Bolsheviks in Russia published key secret papers from the Allies in 1918 and other governments commissioned carefully edited, multivolume collections of key documents in their possession. Numerous historians wrote multi-volume histories of the origins of the war. In the interwar period, most diplomatic historians tended to blame all of the Great Powers of 1914 for the First World War, arguing that the war was in effect everybody's responsibility. In general, the early works in this vein fit fairly comfortably into Ranke's emphasis on Aussenpolitik. Historian Muriel Chamberlain notes that after the First World War: diplomatic history replaced constitutional history as the flagship of historical investigation, at once the most important, most exact and most sophisticated of historical studies. She adds that after 1945, the trend reversed, allowing political, intellectual and social history to displace diplomatic history. For the first half of the 20th century, most diplomatic history working within the narrow confines of the Primat der Aussenpolitik approach was very narrowly concerned with foreign-policy making elites with little reference to broader historical forces. The most notable exceptions to this tendency were A. J. P. Taylor and William Medlicott in Britain, Pierre Renouvin in France, and William L. Langer in the United States, who examined economic and domestic political forces. Causes of World War Two Main article: Causes of World War II After the Second World War, J. K Paasikivi (in the middle), the 7th President of the Republic of Finland, was remembered as a main architect of Finland's foreign policy, especially with the Soviet Union, which was at that time the war enemy of Finland. Sir Winston Churchill's multi-volume The Second World War, especially the first volume The Gathering Storm (1948) set the framework and the interpretation for much later historiography. His interpretation, echoing his own position before the war, that World War II was caused by the mad ambitions of Adolf Hitler; Churchill damned the cowardly and weak-willed British and French leaders who used appeasement in a futile effort to avoid the war. Churchill did not consider the argument that the alternative to appeasement was a premature war that Germany would win in 1938. The British historian A. J. P. Taylor's 1961 book The Origins of the Second World War challenged Churchill's viewpoint and argued that Hitler had no master-plan for conquering the world. Instead he was an ordinary statesman –-an opportunistic leader seizing whatever chances he had for expansionism. The fact that a world war started over Poland in 1939 was due to diplomatic miscalculation by all the countries concerned, instead of being a case of German aggression. British historians such as D.C. Watt, Paul Kennedy, George Peden and David Dilks argued that appeasement was not an aberration, and that it was an old British tradition which in this case flowed from numerous structural, economic and military factors. Historians such as Christopher Thorne and Harry Hinsley abandoned the previous focus on individual leaders to discuss the broader societal influences such as public opinion and narrower ones like intelligence on diplomatic relations. In recent years the debates regarding the 1930s have continued, but new approaches are in use, such as an analysis in terms of Britain's national identity. French approaches A group of French historians centered around Pierre Renouvin (1893–1974) and his protégés Jean-Baptiste Duroselle and Maurice Baumont  started a new type of international history in the 1950s that included taking into account what Renouvin called forces profondes (profound forces) such as the influence of domestic politics on French foreign policy. However, Renouvin and his followers still followed the concept of la décadence with Renouvin arguing that French society under the Third Republic was “sorely lacking in initiative and dynamism” and Baumont arguing that French politicians had allowed "personal interests" to override "any sense of the general interest". In 1979, Duroselle's book La Décadence offered a total condemnation of the entire Third Republic as weak, cowardly and degenerate. Fischer debate on World War One At the same time, in 1961 when the German historian Fritz Fischer published Griff nach der Weltmacht, which established that Germany had caused the First World War led to the fierce "Fischer Controversy" that tore apart the West German historical profession. One result of Fischer's book was the rise in the Primat der Innenpolitik (Primacy of Domestic Politics) approach. As a result of the rise of the Primat der Innenpolitik school, diplomatic historians increasing started to pay attention to domestic politics. In the 1970s, the conservative German historian Andreas Hillgruber, together with his close associate Klaus Hildebrand, was involved in a very acrimonious debate with the leftish German historian Hans-Ulrich Wehler over the merits of the Primat der Aussenpolitik ("primacy of foreign politics") and Primat der Innenpolitik ("primacy of domestic politics") schools. Hillgruber and Hildebrand made a case for the traditional Primat der Aussenpolitik approach to diplomatic history with the stress on examining the records of the relevant foreign ministry and studies of the foreign policy decision-making elite. Wehler, who favored the Primat der Innenpolitik approach, for his part contended that diplomatic history should be treated as a sub-branch of social history, calling for theoretically based research, and argued that the real focus should be on the study of the society in question. Moreover, under the influence of the Primat der Innenpolitik approach, diplomatic historians in the 1960s, 70s and 80s start to borrow models from the social sciences. Mason–Overy debate on internal pressures inside Nazi Germany A notable example of the Primat der Innenpolitik approach was the claim by the British Marxist historian Timothy Mason who claimed that the launch of World War II in 1939 was best understood as a “barbaric variant of social imperialism”. Mason argued that “Nazi Germany was always bent at some time upon a major war of expansion”. However, Mason argued that the timing of such a war was determined by domestic political pressures, especially as relating to a failing economy, and had nothing to do with what Hitler wanted. In Mason's view in the period between 1936 and 1941, it was the state of the German economy, and not Hitler's "will" or "intentions" that was the most important determinate on German decision-making on foreign policy. Mason argued that the Nazi leaders were deeply haunted by the November Revolution of 1918, and was most unwilling to see any fall in working class living standards out of the fear that it might provoke another November Revolution. According to Mason, by 1939, the “overheating” of the German economy caused by rearmament, the failure of various rearmament plans produced by the shortages of skilled workers, industrial unrest caused by the breakdown of German social policies, and the sharp drop in living standards for the German working class forced Hitler into going to war at a time and place not of his choosing. Mason contended that when faced with the deep socio-economic crisis the Nazi leadership had decided to embark upon a ruthless “smash and grab” foreign policy of seizing territory in Eastern Europe which could be pitilessly plundered to support living standards in Germany. Mason's theory of a "Flight into war" being imposed on Hitler generated much controversy, and in the 1980s he conducted a series of debates with economic historian Richard Overy over this matter. Overy maintained the decision to attack Poland was not caused by structural economic problems, but rather was the result of Hitler wanting a localized war at that particular time in history. For Overy, a major problem with the Mason thesis was that it rested on the assumption that in a way unrecorded by the records, that information was passed on to Hitler about the Reich's economic problems. Overy argued that there was a major difference between economic pressures inducted by the problems of the Four Year Plan, and economic motives to seize raw materials, industry and foreign reserve of neighboring states as a way of accelerating the Four Year Plan. Moreover, Overy asserted that the repressive capacity of the German state as a way of dealing with domestic unhappiness was somewhat downplayed by Mason. Japanese-American relations In addition, because World War II was a global war, diplomatic historians start to focus on Japanese-American relations to understand why Japan had attacked the United States in 1941. This in turn led diplomatic historians to start to abandon the previous Euro-centric approach in favor of a more global approach. A sign of the changing times was the rise to prominence of such diplomatic historians such as the Japanese historian Chihiro Hosoya, the British historian Ian Nish, and the American historian Akira Iriye, which was the first time that Asian specialists became noted diplomatic historians. Vietnam war and revisionism The Cold War and decolonization greatly added the tendency to a more global diplomatic history. The Vietnam War led to the rise of a revisionist school in the United States, which led many American historians such as Gabriel Kolko and William Appleman Williams to reject traditional diplomatic history in favor of a Primat der Innenpolitik approach that saw a widespread examination of the influence of American domestic politics together with various social, economic and cultural forces on foreign-policy making. In general, the American Cold War revisionists tended to focus on American foreign policy decision-making with respect to the genesis of the Cold War in the 1940s and on how the United States became involved in Vietnam in the 1960s. Starting in the 1960s, a ferocious debate has taken place within Cold War historiography between the advocates of the “orthodox” school which saw the Cold War as a case of Soviet aggression such as Vojtech Mastny against the proponents of the “revisionist” school which saw the Cold War as a case of American aggression. Latterly, a third school known as "neo-orthodox" whose most prominent member is the American historian John Lewis Gaddis has emerged, which holds through the United States borne some responsibility for the Cold War, the lion's share of the responsibility goes to the Soviet Union. Recent trends In Europe diplomatic history fell out of favor in the late Cold War era. Since the collapse of communism in 1989–91, however, there has been a renaissance, led especially by historians of the early modern era, in the history of diplomacy. The new approach differs from previous perspectives by the wholesale incorporation of perspectives from political science, sociology, the history of mentalities, and cultural history. In the U.S. since the 1980s, the discipline of diplomatic history has become more relevant to and better integrated with the mainstream of the academic history profession. It has taken the lead in internationalization of American historical studies. Since it explores the interaction of domestic and international forces, the field has become increasingly important for its study of culture and identity and the exploration of political ideologies as applied to foreign affairs. There have been major influences from other new approaches such as Orientalism and globalism, as well as gender and racial history. The history of human rights has become important as well. Despite all these innovations, however, the core endeavor of diplomatic history remains the study of the state interacting with other states, which is also a key to its broadening appeal, since considerations of America's superpower status is essential to understanding the world internationally. In the early 1980s, historian Jeffrey Kimball surveyed the ideological preferences of 109 active diplomatic historians in the United States as well as 54 active military historians. He reports that: Of historians in the field of diplomatic history, 7% are Socialist, 19% are Other, 53% are Liberal, 11% are None and 10% Conservative. Of military historians, 0% are Socialist, 8% are Other, 35% are Liberal, 18% are None and 40% are Conservative. Historical studies In Europe, diplomatic history fell out of favor in the late Cold War era. Since the collapse of communism, there has been a renaissance, led especially by historians of the early modern era, in the history of diplomacy. The new approach differs from previous perspectives by the wholesale incorporation of perspectives from political science, sociology, the history of mentalities, and cultural history. In the U.S. since 1980, the discipline of diplomatic history has become more relevant to and integrated with the mainstream of the historiographic profession, having been in the forefront of the internationalization of American historical studies. As a field that explores the meeting of domestic and international forces, the study of US foreign relations has become increasingly important for its examination of both the study of culture and identity and the exploration of political ideologies. Particularly shaped by the influence of studies of Orientalism and globalism, gender studies, race, and considerations of national identity, diplomatic history was often at the cutting edge of historical research. Despite such innovations, however, the core endeavor of diplomatic history remains the study of the state, which is also a key to its broadening appeal, since considerations of US state power are essential to understanding the world internationally. Prominent diplomatic historians Henry Brooks Adams, (1838–1918), US 1800–1816 Henry Adams, U.S. Charles A. Beard, (1874–1948), revisionist history of coming of World War II Michael Beschloss, (born 1955) World War II; Cold War Samuel Flagg Bemis, U.S. Charles Howard Carter (1927–1990), Western Europe 1590–1635 Winston Churchill, World War I; World War II Gordon A. Craig, (1913–2005) Germany Robert Dallek, 1930s to 1960s U.S. Jean-Baptiste Duroselle (1917–1994), 20th century Europe Herbert Feis (1893 – 1972), World War II; International trade Orlando Figes, (born 1957), Russian John Lewis Gaddis, Cold War Lloyd Gardner, 20th century U.S. Felix Gilbert, Renaissance George Peabody Gooch, (1873–1968), English historian of Modern Diplomacy Andreas Hillgruber, 20c Germany Akira Iriye (b. 1934) U.S. - Japan George F. Kennan, Russia Paul Kennedy, 19th and 20th century Henry Kissinger, (1923–2023); Nineteenth and twentieth century Walter LaFeber, 20th century U.S. William L. Langer, (1896–1977), US historian, World and diplomatic history John Lukacs, World War II Thomas J. McCormick, U.S. Walter A. McDougall, U.S. and European diplomatic history. Margaret MacMillan 20th century Charles S. Maier, 20th-century Europe William McNeill, world history Garrett Mattingly, Early modern Europe Arno J. Mayer, World War I Lewis Bernstein Namier, coming of World War II Geoffrey Parker, (born 1943) early modern Bradford Perkins, (1925–2008) Anglo-American relationships Leopold von Ranke, (1795–1886), European Pierre Renouvin, (1893–1974), 1815 to 1945 Paul W. Schroeder, modern Europe Jean Edward Smith, Cold War Justin Harvey Smith, Mexican–American War Hew Strachan, World War I David Tal (historian), Israel A.J.P. Taylor, (1906–1990), Modern Europe, World Wars Harold Temperley, (1879–1939), British Arnold J. Toynbee, (1889–1975), 20th century Voltaire, (1694–1778), European Charles Webster, (1886–1961) British Gerhard Weinberg, World War Two, Germany John Wheeler-Bennett, British and German William Appleman Williams, American Randall Woods, 20th century U.S. Ernest Llewellyn Woodward, (1890–1971), British Karl W. Schweizer (1946-)18th century Britain/Europe Sergio Romano (writer) (1929), Italy and Russia See also Politics portalHistory portal British foreign policy in the Middle East Byzantine diplomacy Cold War Diplomacy Diplomatic history of Australia Diplomatic history of World War I Diplomatic history of World War II Eastern Question, regarding Eastern Europe and Middle East Foreign relations of imperial China Historiography of the Cold War Historiography of the Ottoman Empire Historiography of World War II History of espionage History of French foreign relations History of German foreign policy History of Japanese foreign relations Foreign policy of the Russian Empire History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom History of U.S. foreign policy Office of the Historian of the U.S. Department of State Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations International relations 1648-1814 International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) International relations (1919–1939) International relations since 1989 Military history United States foreign policy in the Middle East Timelines Timeline of British diplomatic history Timeline of United States diplomatic history References Citations ^ a b c d Matusumoto, Saho "Diplomatic History" pages 314-316 in Kelly Boyd, ed., The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing (1999) p. 314. ^ Philipp Müller, "Doing historical research in the early nineteenth century. Leopold Ranke, the archive policy, and the relazioni of the Venetian Republic." Storia della storiografia 56 (2009): 81–103. online ^ M. H. Cochran, "Historiography and war guilt." Political Science Quarterly 43.1 (1928): 76-89 online ^ Christoph Cornelissen and Arndt Weinrich, eds. Writing the Great War: The Historiography of World War I from 1918 to the Present (2021) online ^ Muriel E Chamberlain, Pax Britannica'? British Foreign Policy 1789-1914 (1988) p 1 ^ Wilsford, David, ed. (1995). Political leaders of contemporary Western Europe: a biographical dictionary. Greenwood. pp. 347–352. ^ Patrick Finney, "The romance of decline: The historiography of appeasement and British national identity." Electronic Journal of International History 1 (2000) Online. ^ Donald C. Watt, "The historiography of appeasement." in Alan Sked and Chris Cook, eds. Crisis and controversy: Essays in honour of AJP Taylor (1976) pp 100+. ^ Peter Jackson, “Post-War Politics and the Historiography of French Strategy and Diplomacy Before the Second World War" History Compass, Volume 4/5, 2006 pp 870-95 ^ S. W. Helprin, Some Twentieth-Century Historians (1961) pp 143-70 ^ a b c d Matusumoto, Saho "Diplomatic History" pages 314-316 from The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing page 315. ^ Kershaw, Ian The Nazi Dictatorship, London, Arnold, 2000, pp. 9-11. ^ Kershaw, Ian The Nazi Dictatorship, London, Arnold, 2000, pp. 9-10. ^ Kershaw (2000), pp. 9-10. ^ Kaillis, Aristotle Fascist Ideology, London: Routledge, 2000 page 7 ^ a b Kaillis, Aristotle Fascist Ideology, London: Routledge, 2000 page 165 ^ a b Kershaw, Ian The Nazi Dictatorship London : Arnold 2000 page 88. ^ Kaillis, Aristotle Fascist Ideology, London: Routledge, 2000 pages 165-166 ^ Kaillis, Aristotle Fascist Ideology, London: Routledge, 2000 page 166 ^ a b Mason, Tim & Overy, R.J. “Debate: Germany, `domestic crisis’ and the war in 1939” from The Origins of The Second World War edited by Patrick Finney, Edward Arnold: London, United Kingdom, 1997 page 102 ^ Overy, Richard “Germany, ‘Domestic Crisis’ and War in 1939” from The Third Reich edited by Christian Leitz, Blackwell: Oxford, 1999 pages 117-118 ^ Saho Matusumoto, "Diplomatic History" in Kelly Boyd, ed., The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing (1999) pp 314-165 ^ Thomas W. Zeiler, “The Diplomatic History Bandwagon: A State of the Field,” Journal of American History (March 2009), v 95#4 pp 1053-73 ^ Micheline R. Ishay, The history of human rights: From ancient times to the globalization era (2008) excerpt. ^ Jeffrey Kimball, "The Influence of Ideology on Interpretive Disagreement: A Report on a Survey of Diplomatic, Military and Peace Historians on the Causes of 20th Century U. S. Wars," The History Teacher (May, 1984) 17#3 pp. 355-384 in JSTOR ^ Matusumoto, Saho "Diplomatic History" pages 314-316 from The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing page 315 ^ Zeiler (2009) Works cited Matusumoto, Saho "Diplomatic History/International Relations" pages 314-316 from The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing ed. Kelly Boyd, Volume 1, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1999, ISBN 1-884964-33-8 Further reading World view Anderson, M.S. The Rise of Modern Diplomacy 1450 - 1919 (1993) excerpt how diplomats operated Black, Jeremy. A History of Diplomacy (2010) Boia, Lucian, ed. Great Historians of the Modern Age: An International Dictionary (Greenwood, 1991), 868 pp. Crean, Jeffrey. The Fear of Chinese Power: An International History (Bloomsbury, 2023). Kissinger, Henry. Diplomacy (1994), historical studies of diplomatic crises Stearns, Peter N. An Encyclopedia of World History (6th ed. 2001) 1244pp; very detailed outline; see also previous editions edited by William L. Langer, which have even more detail. Woolf, Daniel R., ed. A global encyclopedia of historical writing (2 vol. Routledge, 2014) vol 2 online. European diplomacy Albrecht-Carrié, René. A Diplomatic History of Europe Since the Congress of Vienna (1958), 736pp; a basic introduction, online free to borrow Black, Jeremy. European International Relations, 1648-1815 (2002) excerpt and text search Hill, David Jayne. A history of diplomacy in the international development of Europe (3 vol. 1914) online v 3, 1648-1775; also online; vol 2 online 1313-1648 Langer, William. European Alliances and Alignments 1870-1890 (2nd ed. 1950); advanced coverage of Bismarckian system Langer, William L. The Diplomacy of Imperialism 1890-1902 (2 vol, 1935); advanced analysis Leira, Halvard. "Diplomacy: The world of states and beyond." in Routledge Handbook of Historical International Relations (Routledge, 2021). 302–310. [ Mowat, R. B. A History of European Diplomacy 1815-1914 (1922), basic introduction Mowat, R. B. History of European Diplomacy, 1451–1789 (1928) 324 pp online free Petrie, Charles. Earlier diplomatic history, 1492–1713 (1949), covers all of Europe; online Petrie, Charles. Diplomatic History, 1713–1933 (1946), broad summary online Roosen. William J. "The functioning of ambassadors under Louis XIV." French Historical Studies 6.3 (1970): 311–332. online Roosen, William James (1976). The Age of Louis XIV: The Rise of Modern Diplomacy. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9781412816670. Schroeder, Paul. The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848 (1994) online; advanced diplomatic history Schweizer, Karl W., and Matt Schuman. The Seven Years War (2010) Sowerby, Tracey A., and Jan Hennings, eds. Practices of diplomacy in the early modern world c. 1410-1800 (Taylor & Francis, 2017) online. Steiner, Zara. The Lights that Failed: European International History 1919-1933 (2007) excerpt and text search Steiner, Zara. The Triumph of the Dark: European International History 1933-1939 (2011) excerpt and text search Taylor, A. J. P. The Struggle for Mastery in Europe: 1848–1918 (1957) excerpt and text search, advanced coverage of all major powers United States Dietrich, Christopher RW, ed. A Companion to US Foreign Relations: Colonial Era to the Present (Wiley, 2020) online Dobson, Alan and Steve Marsh. US Foreign Policy Since 1945 (2nd ed. 2006) Gleijeses, Piero. America's road to empire: foreign policy from independence to World War One (Bloomsbury, 2021) McMahon, Robert J., and Thomas W. Zeiler, eds. Guide to US foreign policy: A diplomatic history (CQ Press, 2012). Pauly, Robert J., ed. The Ashgate research companion to US foreign policy (2010) online. Reeder, Tyson, ed. The Routledge History of U.S. Foreign Relations (2021) online Historiography Cannon, John Ashton et al. eds. The Blackwell dictionary of historians (1988).short biographies of hundreds of historians from many countries. 495pp Carrió-Invernizzi, Diana. "A New Diplomatic History and the Networks of Spanish Diplomacy in the Baroque Era." International History Review 36.4 (2014): 603–618. Carvalho, Benjamin de et al. eds. Routledge Handbook of Historical International Relations (2021) online Crapol, Edward P. "Coming to Terms with Empire: The Historiography of Late-Nineteenth-Century American Foreign Relations." Diplomatic History (1992) 16#4 pp: 573–598. Elman, Colin, and Miriam Fendius Elman. "Diplomatic history and international relations theory: respecting difference and crossing boundaries." International Security (1997) 22#1: 5-21. Online Forrest, Alan, and Peter Hicks, eds. The Cambridge History of the Napoleonic Wars: Volume 3, Experience, Culture and Memory (2022) Gaddis, John Lewis. "New conceptual approaches to the study of American Foreign Relations: interdisciplinary perspectives." Diplomatic History (1990) 14#3 pp: 405–424. Giudici, Giacomo. "From new diplomatic history to new political history: The rise of the holistic approach." European History Quarterly 48.2 (2018): 314–324. Hogan, Michael J. and Thomas G. Paterson, eds. Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations, (2004), articles originally appeared in Diplomatic History and cover all main fields of American diplomatic history Koshiro, Yukiko (2001). "Japan's World and World War II". Diplomatic History. 25 (3): 425–441. doi:10.1111/0145-2096.00276. Plummer, Brenda Gayle. “The Changing Face of Diplomatic History: A Literature Review.” History Teacher 38#3 (2005), pp. 385–400. online. focus on United States Schweizer, K.W. and M.J. Schumann. “The Revitalisation of Diplomatic History: Renewed Reflections,” Diplomacy and Statecraft 19 (2008): 149–186 Sowerby, Tracey A. "Early Modern Diplomatic History" History Compass (2016) 14#9 pp 441–456 DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12329; Europe 1600–1790 Watkins, John. "Toward a new diplomatic history of medieval and early modern Europe." Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 38.1 (2008): 1–14. Xia, Yafeng (2007). "New Scholarship And Directions in the Study of the Diplomatic History of the People's Republic of China". Chinese Historical Review. 14 (1): 114–140. doi:10.1179/tcr.2007.14.1.114. S2CID 143834216. Zeiler, Thomas W. (2009). "The Diplomatic History Bandwagon: A State of the Field". Journal of American History. 95 (4): 1053–1073. doi:10.2307/27694560. JSTOR 27694560. Zeiler, Thomas W. ed. American Foreign Relations since 1600: A Guide to the Literature (2007), online Zelikow, Philip, Niall Ferguson, Francis J. Gavin, Anne Karalekas, and Daniel Sargent. "Forum 31 on the Importance of the Scholarship of Ernest May" H-DIPLO Dec. 17, 2021 online External links Wikiversity has learning resources about Introduction to Diplomatic History History of Diplomacy and Technology, DiploFoundation - H-DIPLO free daily discussion group for scholars and students; dedicated to diplomatic history and international affairs, with book reviews, Q&A, discussions Pella, John & Erik Ringmar, History of International Relations Open Textbook Project, Cambridge: Open Book, forthcoming. scholarly journal Diplomatic History Documents of Diplomatic History Archived 2010-12-28 at the Wayback Machine Official Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR) website “U.S. Diplomatic History Resources Index", sponsored by the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR). The index has been recommended by The Washington Post, Oct. 8, 1998 vteDiplomacy and diplomatsRolesDiplomatic leader titlesMultilateral Permanent representative United Nations Ambassador-at-large Resident representative Bilateral-national Ambassador High commissioner Nuncio Chargé d'affaires Head of mission Deputy chief of mission Bilateral-subnational Consul Bilateral-insular Resident Resident commissioner Envoy Agent-general By portfolio (Attaché) Agricultural attaché Chargé de mission Conseiller chargé des investissements Cultural attaché Military attaché Science attaché Trade commissioner Other roles Diplomatic courier King's Messenger Foreign minister Classification Diplomatic rank Offices Apostolic nunciature Consular corps Consulate De facto embassy Diplomatic corps African Diplomatic Corps Diplomatic mission High commission Legation Protecting power Exclusive mandate Types Caviar Checkbook Coercive Commercial Cultural Culinary Defence Debt-trap Digital Dollar Economic Energy Freelance Full-spectrum Guerrilla Gunboat Hostage Iron Medical Migration New Panda Paradiplomacy Parley Pilgrimage Ping-pong Preventive Public Science Shuttle Stadium Track II Wolf warrior Topics Appeasement Consular assistance Consular immunity Diplomatic accreditation Diplomatic bag Diplomatic cable Diplomatic credentials Diplomatic history Diplomatic illness Diplomatic immunity Diplomatic law Diplomatic rank Diplomatic service Diplomatic uniform Protocol Persona non grata Soft power Documents Exequatur Letter of credence Letter of protest Other topics Development aid Agencies Parliamentary delegation Summit Plenipotentiary Conference Twin towns and sister cities Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy Category Commons vteInternational relationsOrganizationsPresent BRICS Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) International Criminal Court (ICC) Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) United Nations (UN) Past League of Nations Warsaw Pact History 1648–1814 1814–1919 1919–1939 Diplomatic history of World War II Cold War International relations since 1989 Concepts Alliance Entente Coalition Military Appeasement Co-belligerence Collective security Colonialism Deterrence theory Expansionism Grey-zone Hegemony Idealism International community Internationalism Liberal institutionalism Neutral country Non-belligerent Non-state actor Imperialism Peace Power Right of conquest Sovereignty Suzerainty Treaty Armistice Ceasefire War Theory Constructivism English school Feminism Liberalism Marxism Postcolonialism Realism Related fields and subfields Comparative politics Diplomacy Foreign policy analysis Geopolitics International law International political economy International political sociology Peace and conflict studies Security studies Authority control databases: National France BnF data Israel United States Japan Czech Republic
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Diplomatic History (journal)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_History_(journal)"},{"link_name":"Diplomatics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatics"},{"link_name":"international relations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_relations"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Matusumoto_pages_314-316-1"}],"text":"This article is about the history of international relations. For the scholarly journal, see Diplomatic History (journal). For the textual analysis of historical documents, see Diplomatics.Diplomatic history deals with the history of international relations between states. Diplomatic history can be different from international relations in that the former can concern itself with the foreign policy of one state while the latter deals with relations between two or more states. Diplomatic history tends to be more concerned with the history of diplomacy, but international relations concern more with current events and creating a model intended to shed explanatory light on international politics.[1]","title":"Diplomatic history"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Historiography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Thucydides","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thucydides"},{"link_name":"Leopold von Ranke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke"},{"link_name":"Early Modern Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Modern_Europe"},{"link_name":"Republic of Venice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Venice"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Matusumoto_pages_314-316-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"sub_title":"Ranke","text":"In the 5th century BCE the Greek historian Thucydides was highly concerned with the relations among states. However Leopold von Ranke (1795–1886), the leading German historian of the 19th century, codified the modern form of diplomatic history. Ranke wrote largely on the history of Early Modern Europe, using the diplomatic archives of the European powers (particularly the Republic of Venice) to construct a detailed understanding of the history of Europe wie es eigentlich gewesen ist (\"as it actually happened\"). Ranke saw diplomatic history as the most important kind of history to write because of his idea of the \"Primacy of Foreign Affairs\" (Primat der Aussenpolitik), arguing that the concerns of international relations drive the internal development of the state. Ranke's understanding of diplomatic history relied on using as sources the large number of official documents produced by modern western governments; he argued that historians should examine such sources in an objective and neutral spirit.[1][2]","title":"Historiography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Charles Webster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Webster_(historian)"},{"link_name":"Harold Temperley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Temperley"},{"link_name":"Bernadotte Everly Schmitt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadotte_Everly_Schmitt"},{"link_name":"war of 1870","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1870"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Matusumoto_pages_314-316-1"},{"link_name":"War Guilt Clause","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Guilt_Clause"},{"link_name":"Treaty of Versailles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles"},{"link_name":"origins of the war of 1914","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_the_war_of_1914"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Muriel Chamberlain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muriel_Chamberlain"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"A. J. P. Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._J._P._Taylor"},{"link_name":"William Medlicott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._N._Medlicott"},{"link_name":"Pierre Renouvin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Renouvin"},{"link_name":"William L. Langer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_L._Langer"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Matusumoto_pages_314-316-1"}],"sub_title":"20th century scholars","text":"Ranke's understanding of the dominance of foreign policy, and hence an emphasis on diplomatic history, remained the dominant paradigm in historical writing through the first half of the twentieth century. In the early 20th centuries, work by prominent diplomatic historians such as Charles Webster, Harold Temperley, and Bernadotte Everly Schmitt focused on great European events, especially wars and peace conferences. A notable breakthrough in diplomatic historiography occurred in 1910 when the French government start to publish all of the archives relating to the war of 1870.[1]Ranke's approach, combined with the effects of the War Guilt Clause in the Treaty of Versailles (1919) that blamed Germany, stimulated a massive outpouring in many languages on the origins of the war of 1914.[3] The Bolsheviks in Russia published key secret papers from the Allies in 1918 and other governments commissioned carefully edited, multivolume collections of key documents in their possession. Numerous historians wrote multi-volume histories of the origins of the war. In the interwar period, most diplomatic historians tended to blame all of the Great Powers of 1914 for the First World War, arguing that the war was in effect everybody's responsibility. In general, the early works in this vein fit fairly comfortably into Ranke's emphasis on Aussenpolitik.[4]Historian Muriel Chamberlain notes that after the First World War:diplomatic history replaced constitutional history as the flagship of historical investigation, at once the most important, most exact and most sophisticated of historical studies.[5]She adds that after 1945, the trend reversed, allowing political, intellectual and social history to displace diplomatic history.For the first half of the 20th century, most diplomatic history working within the narrow confines of the Primat der Aussenpolitik approach was very narrowly concerned with foreign-policy making elites with little reference to broader historical forces. The most notable exceptions to this tendency were A. J. P. Taylor and William Medlicott in Britain, Pierre Renouvin in France, and William L. Langer in the United States, who examined economic and domestic political forces.[1]","title":"Historiography"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Moscow_negotiations_paaskivi_yrjokoskinen_nykopp_paasonen_1939.png"},{"link_name":"J. K Paasikivi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juho_Kusti_Paasikivi"},{"link_name":"President of the Republic of Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Finland"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"},{"link_name":"Soviet Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Winston Churchill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill"},{"link_name":"The Second World War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Second_World_War_(book_series)"},{"link_name":"historiography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiography"},{"link_name":"Adolf Hitler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler"},{"link_name":"appeasement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appeasement"},{"link_name":"A. J. P. Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._J._P._Taylor"},{"link_name":"The Origins of the Second World War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Origins_of_the_Second_World_War"},{"link_name":"Christopher Thorne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Thorne_(historian)"},{"link_name":"Harry Hinsley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Hinsley"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"sub_title":"Causes of World War Two","text":"After the Second World War, J. K Paasikivi (in the middle), the 7th President of the Republic of Finland, was remembered as a main architect of Finland's foreign policy, especially with the Soviet Union, which was at that time the war enemy of Finland.[6]Sir Winston Churchill's multi-volume The Second World War, especially the first volume The Gathering Storm (1948) set the framework and the interpretation for much later historiography. His interpretation, echoing his own position before the war, that World War II was caused by the mad ambitions of Adolf Hitler; Churchill damned the cowardly and weak-willed British and French leaders who used appeasement in a futile effort to avoid the war. Churchill did not consider the argument that the alternative to appeasement was a premature war that Germany would win in 1938. The British historian A. J. P. Taylor's 1961 book The Origins of the Second World War challenged Churchill's viewpoint and argued that Hitler had no master-plan for conquering the world. Instead he was an ordinary statesman –-an opportunistic leader seizing whatever chances he had for expansionism. The fact that a world war started over Poland in 1939 was due to diplomatic miscalculation by all the countries concerned, instead of being a case of German aggression. British historians such as D.C. Watt, Paul Kennedy, George Peden and David Dilks argued that appeasement was not an aberration, and that it was an old British tradition which in this case flowed from numerous structural, economic and military factors. Historians such as Christopher Thorne and Harry Hinsley abandoned the previous focus on individual leaders to discuss the broader societal influences such as public opinion and narrower ones like intelligence on diplomatic relations. In recent years the debates regarding the 1930s have continued, but new approaches are in use, such as an analysis in terms of Britain's national identity.[7][8]","title":"Historiography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"French historians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_historians"},{"link_name":"Pierre Renouvin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Renouvin"},{"link_name":"Jean-Baptiste Duroselle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Duroselle"},{"link_name":"Maurice Baumont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Baumont&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"fr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Baumont"},{"link_name":"Third Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Third_Republic"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"sub_title":"French approaches","text":"A group of French historians centered around Pierre Renouvin (1893–1974) and his protégés Jean-Baptiste Duroselle and Maurice Baumont [fr] started a new type of international history in the 1950s that included taking into account what Renouvin called forces profondes (profound forces) such as the influence of domestic politics on French foreign policy. However, Renouvin and his followers still followed the concept of la décadence with Renouvin arguing that French society under the Third Republic was “sorely lacking in initiative and dynamism” and Baumont arguing that French politicians had allowed \"personal interests\" to override \"any sense of the general interest\". In 1979, Duroselle's book La Décadence offered a total condemnation of the entire Third Republic as weak, cowardly and degenerate.[9][10]","title":"Historiography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fritz Fischer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Fischer_(historian)"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"},{"link_name":"Andreas Hillgruber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Hillgruber"},{"link_name":"Klaus Hildebrand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Hildebrand"},{"link_name":"Hans-Ulrich Wehler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Ulrich_Wehler"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"social history","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_history"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kershaw-14"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"}],"sub_title":"Fischer debate on World War One","text":"At the same time, in 1961 when the German historian Fritz Fischer published Griff nach der Weltmacht, which established that Germany had caused the First World War led to the fierce \"Fischer Controversy\" that tore apart the West German historical profession.[11] One result of Fischer's book was the rise in the Primat der Innenpolitik (Primacy of Domestic Politics) approach.[11] As a result of the rise of the Primat der Innenpolitik school, diplomatic historians increasing started to pay attention to domestic politics.[11] In the 1970s, the conservative German historian Andreas Hillgruber, together with his close associate Klaus Hildebrand, was involved in a very acrimonious debate with the leftish German historian Hans-Ulrich Wehler over the merits of the Primat der Aussenpolitik (\"primacy of foreign politics\") and Primat der Innenpolitik (\"primacy of domestic politics\") schools.[12] Hillgruber and Hildebrand made a case for the traditional Primat der Aussenpolitik approach to diplomatic history with the stress on examining the records of the relevant foreign ministry and studies of the foreign policy decision-making elite.[13] Wehler, who favored the Primat der Innenpolitik approach, for his part contended that diplomatic history should be treated as a sub-branch of social history, calling for theoretically based research, and argued that the real focus should be on the study of the society in question.[14] Moreover, under the influence of the Primat der Innenpolitik approach, diplomatic historians in the 1960s, 70s and 80s start to borrow models from the social sciences.[11]","title":"Historiography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Marxist historian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxist_historian"},{"link_name":"Timothy Mason","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Mason"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kaillis,_Aristotle_page_165-16"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kaillis,_Aristotle_page_165-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kershaw,_Ian'_page_88-17"},{"link_name":"November Revolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%9319"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kershaw,_Ian'_page_88-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Richard Overy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Overy"},{"link_name":"Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mason,_Tim_page_102-20"},{"link_name":"Four Year Plan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Year_Plan"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mason,_Tim_page_102-20"}],"sub_title":"Mason–Overy debate on internal pressures inside Nazi Germany","text":"A notable example of the Primat der Innenpolitik approach was the claim by the British Marxist historian Timothy Mason who claimed that the launch of World War II in 1939 was best understood as a “barbaric variant of social imperialism”.[15] Mason argued that “Nazi Germany was always bent at some time upon a major war of expansion”.[16] However, Mason argued that the timing of such a war was determined by domestic political pressures, especially as relating to a failing economy, and had nothing to do with what Hitler wanted.[16] In Mason's view in the period between 1936 and 1941, it was the state of the German economy, and not Hitler's \"will\" or \"intentions\" that was the most important determinate on German decision-making on foreign policy.[17] Mason argued that the Nazi leaders were deeply haunted by the November Revolution of 1918, and was most unwilling to see any fall in working class living standards out of the fear that it might provoke another November Revolution.[17] According to Mason, by 1939, the “overheating” of the German economy caused by rearmament, the failure of various rearmament plans produced by the shortages of skilled workers, industrial unrest caused by the breakdown of German social policies, and the sharp drop in living standards for the German working class forced Hitler into going to war at a time and place not of his choosing.[18] Mason contended that when faced with the deep socio-economic crisis the Nazi leadership had decided to embark upon a ruthless “smash and grab” foreign policy of seizing territory in Eastern Europe which could be pitilessly plundered to support living standards in Germany.[19] Mason's theory of a \"Flight into war\" being imposed on Hitler generated much controversy, and in the 1980s he conducted a series of debates with economic historian Richard Overy over this matter. Overy maintained the decision to attack Poland was not caused by structural economic problems, but rather was the result of Hitler wanting a localized war at that particular time in history. For Overy, a major problem with the Mason thesis was that it rested on the assumption that in a way unrecorded by the records, that information was passed on to Hitler about the Reich's economic problems.[20] Overy argued that there was a major difference between economic pressures inducted by the problems of the Four Year Plan, and economic motives to seize raw materials, industry and foreign reserve of neighboring states as a way of accelerating the Four Year Plan.[21] Moreover, Overy asserted that the repressive capacity of the German state as a way of dealing with domestic unhappiness was somewhat downplayed by Mason.[20]","title":"Historiography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Japanese-American relations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese-American_relations"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Ian Nish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Nish"},{"link_name":"Akira Iriye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira_Iriye"}],"sub_title":"Japanese-American relations","text":"In addition, because World War II was a global war, diplomatic historians start to focus on Japanese-American relations to understand why Japan had attacked the United States in 1941. This in turn led diplomatic historians to start to abandon the previous Euro-centric approach in favor of a more global approach.[22] A sign of the changing times was the rise to prominence of such diplomatic historians such as the Japanese historian Chihiro Hosoya, the British historian Ian Nish, and the American historian Akira Iriye, which was the first time that Asian specialists became noted diplomatic historians.","title":"Historiography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cold War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War"},{"link_name":"decolonization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decolonization#Cold_War"},{"link_name":"Vietnam War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War"},{"link_name":"Gabriel Kolko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Kolko"},{"link_name":"William Appleman Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Appleman_Williams"},{"link_name":"Vojtech Mastny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojtech_Mastny_(historian)"},{"link_name":"John Lewis Gaddis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis"}],"sub_title":"Vietnam war and revisionism","text":"The Cold War and decolonization greatly added the tendency to a more global diplomatic history. The Vietnam War led to the rise of a revisionist school in the United States, which led many American historians such as Gabriel Kolko and William Appleman Williams to reject traditional diplomatic history in favor of a Primat der Innenpolitik approach that saw a widespread examination of the influence of American domestic politics together with various social, economic and cultural forces on foreign-policy making. In general, the American Cold War revisionists tended to focus on American foreign policy decision-making with respect to the genesis of the Cold War in the 1940s and on how the United States became involved in Vietnam in the 1960s. Starting in the 1960s, a ferocious debate has taken place within Cold War historiography between the advocates of the “orthodox” school which saw the Cold War as a case of Soviet aggression such as Vojtech Mastny against the proponents of the “revisionist” school which saw the Cold War as a case of American aggression. Latterly, a third school known as \"neo-orthodox\" whose most prominent member is the American historian John Lewis Gaddis has emerged, which holds through the United States borne some responsibility for the Cold War, the lion's share of the responsibility goes to the Soviet Union.","title":"Historiography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Orientalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientalism"},{"link_name":"globalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalism"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"Jeffrey Kimball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Kimball_(historian)"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"}],"sub_title":"Recent trends","text":"In Europe diplomatic history fell out of favor in the late Cold War era. Since the collapse of communism in 1989–91, however, there has been a renaissance, led especially by historians of the early modern era, in the history of diplomacy. The new approach differs from previous perspectives by the wholesale incorporation of perspectives from political science, sociology, the history of mentalities, and cultural history.In the U.S. since the 1980s, the discipline of diplomatic history has become more relevant to and better integrated with the mainstream of the academic history profession. It has taken the lead in internationalization of American historical studies. Since it explores the interaction of domestic and international forces, the field has become increasingly important for its study of culture and identity and the exploration of political ideologies as applied to foreign affairs. There have been major influences from other new approaches such as Orientalism and globalism, as well as gender and racial history.[23] The history of human rights has become important as well.[24] Despite all these innovations, however, the core endeavor of diplomatic history remains the study of the state interacting with other states, which is also a key to its broadening appeal, since considerations of America's superpower status is essential to understanding the world internationally.In the early 1980s, historian Jeffrey Kimball surveyed the ideological preferences of 109 active diplomatic historians in the United States as well as 54 active military historians. He reports that:Of historians in the field of diplomatic history, 7% are Socialist, 19% are Other, 53% are Liberal, 11% are None and 10% Conservative. Of military historians, 0% are Socialist, 8% are Other, 35% are Liberal, 18% are None and 40% are Conservative.[25]","title":"Historiography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"}],"text":"In Europe, diplomatic history fell out of favor in the late Cold War era. Since the collapse of communism, there has been a renaissance, led especially by historians of the early modern era, in the history of diplomacy. The new approach differs from previous perspectives by the wholesale incorporation of perspectives from political science, sociology, the history of mentalities, and cultural history.[26]In the U.S. since 1980, the discipline of diplomatic history has become more relevant to and integrated with the mainstream of the historiographic profession, having been in the forefront of the internationalization of American historical studies. As a field that explores the meeting of domestic and international forces, the study of US foreign relations has become increasingly important for its examination of both the study of culture and identity and the exploration of political ideologies. Particularly shaped by the influence of studies of Orientalism and globalism, gender studies, race, and considerations of national identity, diplomatic history was often at the cutting edge of historical research. Despite such innovations, however, the core endeavor of diplomatic history remains the study of the state, which is also a key to its broadening appeal, since considerations of US state power are essential to understanding the world internationally.[27]","title":"Historical studies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Henry Brooks Adams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Brooks_Adams"},{"link_name":"Henry Adams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._Bailey"},{"link_name":"Charles A. Beard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_A._Beard"},{"link_name":"Michael Beschloss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Beschloss"},{"link_name":"Samuel Flagg Bemis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Flagg_Bemis"},{"link_name":"Charles Howard Carter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Howard_Carter"},{"link_name":"Winston Churchill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill"},{"link_name":"Gordon A. Craig","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_A._Craig"},{"link_name":"Robert Dallek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dallek"},{"link_name":"Jean-Baptiste Duroselle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Duroselle"},{"link_name":"Herbert Feis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Feis"},{"link_name":"Orlando Figes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Figes"},{"link_name":"John Lewis Gaddis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis"},{"link_name":"Lloyd Gardner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Gardner"},{"link_name":"Felix Gilbert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Gilbert"},{"link_name":"George Peabody Gooch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Peabody_Gooch"},{"link_name":"Andreas Hillgruber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Hillgruber"},{"link_name":"Akira Iriye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira_Iriye"},{"link_name":"George F. Kennan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_F._Kennan"},{"link_name":"Paul Kennedy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kennedy_(historian)"},{"link_name":"Henry Kissinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger"},{"link_name":"Walter LaFeber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_LaFeber"},{"link_name":"William L. Langer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_L._Langer"},{"link_name":"John Lukacs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lukacs"},{"link_name":"Thomas J. McCormick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._McCormick"},{"link_name":"Walter A. McDougall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_A._McDougall"},{"link_name":"Margaret MacMillan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_MacMillan"},{"link_name":"Charles S. Maier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_S._Maier"},{"link_name":"William McNeill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hardy_McNeill"},{"link_name":"Garrett Mattingly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garrett_Mattingly"},{"link_name":"Arno J. Mayer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arno_J._Mayer"},{"link_name":"Lewis Bernstein Namier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Bernstein_Namier"},{"link_name":"Geoffrey Parker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Parker_(historian)"},{"link_name":"Bradford Perkins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradford_Perkins_(historian)"},{"link_name":"Leopold von Ranke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke"},{"link_name":"Pierre Renouvin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Renouvin"},{"link_name":"Paul W. Schroeder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_W._Schroeder"},{"link_name":"Jean Edward Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Edward_Smith"},{"link_name":"Justin Harvey Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Harvey_Smith"},{"link_name":"Hew Strachan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hew_Strachan"},{"link_name":"David Tal (historian)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Tal_(historian)"},{"link_name":"A.J.P. Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.J.P._Taylor"},{"link_name":"Harold Temperley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Temperley"},{"link_name":"Arnold J. Toynbee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_J._Toynbee"},{"link_name":"Voltaire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire"},{"link_name":"Charles Webster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Webster_(historian)"},{"link_name":"Gerhard Weinberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Weinberg"},{"link_name":"John Wheeler-Bennett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wheeler-Bennett"},{"link_name":"William Appleman Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Appleman_Williams"},{"link_name":"Randall Woods","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Randall_Woods&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Llewellyn Woodward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llewellyn_Woodward"},{"link_name":"Karl W. Schweizer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_W._Schweizer"},{"link_name":"Sergio Romano (writer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio_Romano_(writer)"}],"text":"Henry Brooks Adams, (1838–1918), US 1800–1816\nHenry Adams, U.S.\nCharles A. Beard, (1874–1948), revisionist history of coming of World War II\nMichael Beschloss, (born 1955) World War II; Cold War\nSamuel Flagg Bemis, U.S.\nCharles Howard Carter (1927–1990), Western Europe 1590–1635\nWinston Churchill, World War I; World War II\nGordon A. Craig, (1913–2005) Germany\nRobert Dallek, 1930s to 1960s U.S.\nJean-Baptiste Duroselle (1917–1994), 20th century Europe\nHerbert Feis (1893 – 1972), World War II; International trade\nOrlando Figes, (born 1957), Russian\nJohn Lewis Gaddis, Cold War\nLloyd Gardner, 20th century U.S.\nFelix Gilbert, Renaissance\nGeorge Peabody Gooch, (1873–1968), English historian of Modern Diplomacy\nAndreas Hillgruber, 20c Germany\nAkira Iriye (b. 1934) U.S. - Japan\nGeorge F. Kennan, Russia\nPaul Kennedy, 19th and 20th century\nHenry Kissinger, (1923–2023); Nineteenth and twentieth century\nWalter LaFeber, 20th century U.S.\nWilliam L. Langer, (1896–1977), US historian, World and diplomatic history\nJohn Lukacs, World War II\nThomas J. McCormick, U.S.\nWalter A. McDougall, U.S. and European diplomatic history.\nMargaret MacMillan 20th century\nCharles S. Maier, 20th-century Europe\nWilliam McNeill, world history\nGarrett Mattingly, Early modern Europe\nArno J. Mayer, World War I\nLewis Bernstein Namier, coming of World War II\nGeoffrey Parker, (born 1943) early modern\nBradford Perkins, (1925–2008) Anglo-American relationships\nLeopold von Ranke, (1795–1886), European\nPierre Renouvin, (1893–1974), 1815 to 1945\nPaul W. Schroeder, modern Europe\nJean Edward Smith, Cold War\nJustin Harvey Smith, Mexican–American War\nHew Strachan, World War I\nDavid Tal (historian), Israel\nA.J.P. Taylor, (1906–1990), Modern Europe, World Wars\nHarold Temperley, (1879–1939), British\nArnold J. Toynbee, (1889–1975), 20th century\nVoltaire, (1694–1778), European\nCharles Webster, (1886–1961) British\nGerhard Weinberg, World War Two, Germany\nJohn Wheeler-Bennett, British and German\nWilliam Appleman Williams, American\nRandall Woods, 20th century U.S.\nErnest Llewellyn Woodward, (1890–1971), British\nKarl W. Schweizer (1946-)18th century Britain/Europe\nSergio Romano (writer) (1929), Italy and Russia","title":"Prominent diplomatic historians"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Further reading"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"excerpt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.amazon.com/Rise-Modern-Diplomacy-1450-1919/dp/0582212375/"},{"link_name":"Black, Jeremy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Black_(historian)"},{"link_name":"Kissinger, Henry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissinger,_Henry"},{"link_name":"Stearns, Peter N.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stearns,_Peter_N."},{"link_name":"vol 2 online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.google.com/books/edition/A_Global_Encyclopedia_of_Historical_Writ/SHK3AwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Woolf+%22global++encyclopedia%22&pg=PA490&printsec=frontcover"}],"sub_title":"World view","text":"Anderson, M.S. The Rise of Modern Diplomacy 1450 - 1919 (1993) excerpt how diplomats operated\nBlack, Jeremy. A History of Diplomacy (2010)\nBoia, Lucian, ed. Great Historians of the Modern Age: An International Dictionary (Greenwood, 1991), 868 pp.\nCrean, Jeffrey. The Fear of Chinese Power: An International History (Bloomsbury, 2023).\nKissinger, Henry. Diplomacy (1994), historical studies of diplomatic crises\nStearns, Peter N. An Encyclopedia of World History (6th ed. 2001) 1244pp; very detailed outline; see also previous editions edited by William L. Langer, which have even more detail.\nWoolf, Daniel R., ed. A global encyclopedia of historical writing (2 vol. Routledge, 2014) vol 2 online.","title":"Further reading"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"online free to borrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/diplomatichistor0000albr_b4c1"},{"link_name":"excerpt and text search","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.amazon.com/European-International-Relations-1648-1815-ebook/dp/B00F3ZIYVE/"},{"link_name":"online v 3, 1648-1775","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en%7Clang_fr&id=LtABAAAAYAAJ"},{"link_name":"online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/ahistorydiploma00hillgoog"},{"link_name":"vol 2 online 1313-1648","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/historyofdiploma02hill"},{"link_name":"online free","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/historyofeuropea00mowa"},{"link_name":"online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015027344731"},{"link_name":"online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/diplomatichistor0000petr"},{"link_name":"online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.jstor.org/stable/286062"},{"link_name":"The Age of Louis XIV: The Rise of Modern Diplomacy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=UFAFKiR4HGIC&pg=PA152"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9781412816670","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412816670"},{"link_name":"online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.questia.com/library/3696068/the-transformation-of-european-politics-1763-1848"},{"link_name":"online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=WiUlDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&ots=MPeOFcqZPs&sig=ISK8BbNBbZHyZ_uprnDVwtPKQ3s"},{"link_name":"Steiner, Zara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zara_Steiner"},{"link_name":"excerpt and text search","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.amazon.com/Lights-that-Failed-International-1919-1933/dp/0199226865/"},{"link_name":"excerpt and text search","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.amazon.com/Triumph-Dark-International-1933-1939-ebook/dp/B005X3SAKQ/"},{"link_name":"excerpt and text search","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.amazon.com/Struggle-Mastery-Europe-1848-1918-History/dp/0198812701/"}],"sub_title":"European diplomacy","text":"Albrecht-Carrié, René. A Diplomatic History of Europe Since the Congress of Vienna (1958), 736pp; a basic introduction, online free to borrow\nBlack, Jeremy. European International Relations, 1648-1815 (2002) excerpt and text search\nHill, David Jayne. A history of diplomacy in the international development of Europe (3 vol. 1914) online v 3, 1648-1775; also online; vol 2 online 1313-1648\nLanger, William. European Alliances and Alignments 1870-1890 (2nd ed. 1950); advanced coverage of Bismarckian system\nLanger, William L. The Diplomacy of Imperialism 1890-1902 (2 vol, 1935); advanced analysis\nLeira, Halvard. \"Diplomacy: The world of states and beyond.\" in Routledge Handbook of Historical International Relations (Routledge, 2021). 302–310. [\nMowat, R. B. A History of European Diplomacy 1815-1914 (1922), basic introduction\nMowat, R. B. History of European Diplomacy, 1451–1789 (1928) 324 pp online free\nPetrie, Charles. Earlier diplomatic history, 1492–1713 (1949), covers all of Europe; online\nPetrie, Charles. Diplomatic History, 1713–1933 (1946), broad summary online\nRoosen. William J. \"The functioning of ambassadors under Louis XIV.\" French Historical Studies 6.3 (1970): 311–332. online\nRoosen, William James (1976). The Age of Louis XIV: The Rise of Modern Diplomacy. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9781412816670.\nSchroeder, Paul. The Transformation of European Politics 1763–1848 (1994) online; advanced diplomatic history\nSchweizer, Karl W., and Matt Schuman. The Seven Years War (2010)\nSowerby, Tracey A., and Jan Hennings, eds. Practices of diplomacy in the early modern world c. 1410-1800 (Taylor & Francis, 2017) online.\nSteiner, Zara. The Lights that Failed: European International History 1919-1933 (2007) excerpt and text search\nSteiner, Zara. The Triumph of the Dark: European International History 1933-1939 (2011) excerpt and text search\nTaylor, A. J. P. The Struggle for Mastery in Europe: 1848–1918 (1957) excerpt and text search, advanced coverage of all major powers","title":"Further reading"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=O5DUDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=companion+American+foreign+relations&ots=u-sHhj1htP&sig=W9NWwmv_qtxkonrHYANhCAl-72Q"},{"link_name":"online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.google.com/books/edition/The_Ashgate_Research_Companion_to_US_For/pICbeMtwoAYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=companion+American+foreign+relations&pg=PR11&printsec=frontcover"},{"link_name":"online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.google.com/books/edition/The_Routledge_History_of_U_S_Foreign_Rel/4WNUEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Reeder,+Tyson&pg=PP1&printsec=frontcover"}],"sub_title":"United States","text":"Dietrich, Christopher RW, ed. A Companion to US Foreign Relations: Colonial Era to the Present (Wiley, 2020) online\nDobson, Alan and Steve Marsh. US Foreign Policy Since 1945 (2nd ed. 2006)\nGleijeses, Piero. America's road to empire: foreign policy from independence to World War One (Bloomsbury, 2021)\nMcMahon, Robert J., and Thomas W. Zeiler, eds. Guide to US foreign policy: A diplomatic history (CQ Press, 2012).\nPauly, Robert J., ed. The Ashgate research companion to US foreign policy (2010) online.\nReeder, Tyson, ed. The Routledge History of U.S. Foreign Relations (2021) online","title":"Further reading"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781351168960/routledge-handbook-historical-international-relations-benjamin-de-carvalho-julia-costa-lopez-halvard-leira"},{"link_name":"Online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//mtw160-198.ippl.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v022/22.1.elman.pdf"},{"link_name":"Diplomatic History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_History_(journal)"},{"link_name":"American diplomatic history","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_diplomatic_history"},{"link_name":"Diplomatic History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_History_(journal)"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1111/0145-2096.00276","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1111%2F0145-2096.00276"},{"link_name":"online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.jstor.org/stable/30037016"},{"link_name":"Chinese Historical Review","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Historical_Review"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1179/tcr.2007.14.1.114","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1179%2Ftcr.2007.14.1.114"},{"link_name":"S2CID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"143834216","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143834216"},{"link_name":"Journal of American History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_American_History"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.2307/27694560","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.2307%2F27694560"},{"link_name":"JSTOR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"27694560","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.jstor.org/stable/27694560"},{"link_name":"online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20081013144344/http://guidetoamericanforeignrelations.abc-clio.com/ebscripts/toc3.asp"},{"link_name":"online","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//issforum.org/forums/31"}],"sub_title":"Historiography","text":"Cannon, John Ashton et al. eds. The Blackwell dictionary of historians (1988).short biographies of hundreds of historians from many countries. 495pp\nCarrió-Invernizzi, Diana. \"A New Diplomatic History and the Networks of Spanish Diplomacy in the Baroque Era.\" International History Review 36.4 (2014): 603–618.\nCarvalho, Benjamin de et al. eds. Routledge Handbook of Historical International Relations (2021) online\nCrapol, Edward P. \"Coming to Terms with Empire: The Historiography of Late-Nineteenth-Century American Foreign Relations.\" Diplomatic History (1992) 16#4 pp: 573–598.\nElman, Colin, and Miriam Fendius Elman. \"Diplomatic history and international relations theory: respecting difference and crossing boundaries.\" International Security (1997) 22#1: 5-21. Online\nForrest, Alan, and Peter Hicks, eds. The Cambridge History of the Napoleonic Wars: Volume 3, Experience, Culture and Memory (2022)\nGaddis, John Lewis. \"New conceptual approaches to the study of American Foreign Relations: interdisciplinary perspectives.\" Diplomatic History (1990) 14#3 pp: 405–424.\nGiudici, Giacomo. \"From new diplomatic history to new political history: The rise of the holistic approach.\" European History Quarterly 48.2 (2018): 314–324.\nHogan, Michael J. and Thomas G. Paterson, eds. Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations, (2004), articles originally appeared in Diplomatic History and cover all main fields of American diplomatic history\nKoshiro, Yukiko (2001). \"Japan's World and World War II\". Diplomatic History. 25 (3): 425–441. doi:10.1111/0145-2096.00276.\nPlummer, Brenda Gayle. “The Changing Face of Diplomatic History: A Literature Review.” History Teacher 38#3 (2005), pp. 385–400. online. focus on United States\nSchweizer, K.W. and M.J. Schumann. “The Revitalisation of Diplomatic History: Renewed Reflections,” Diplomacy and Statecraft 19 (2008): 149–186\nSowerby, Tracey A. \"Early Modern Diplomatic History\" History Compass (2016) 14#9 pp 441–456 DOI: 10.1111/hic3.12329; Europe 1600–1790\nWatkins, John. \"Toward a new diplomatic history of medieval and early modern Europe.\" Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 38.1 (2008): 1–14.\nXia, Yafeng (2007). \"New Scholarship And Directions in the Study of the Diplomatic History of the People's Republic of China\". Chinese Historical Review. 14 (1): 114–140. doi:10.1179/tcr.2007.14.1.114. S2CID 143834216.\nZeiler, Thomas W. (2009). \"The Diplomatic History Bandwagon: A State of the Field\". Journal of American History. 95 (4): 1053–1073. doi:10.2307/27694560. JSTOR 27694560.\nZeiler, Thomas W. ed. American Foreign Relations since 1600: A Guide to the Literature (2007), online\nZelikow, Philip, Niall Ferguson, Francis J. Gavin, Anne Karalekas, and Daniel Sargent. \"Forum 31 on the Importance of the Scholarship of Ernest May\" H-DIPLO Dec. 17, 2021 online","title":"Further reading"}]
[{"image_text":"After the Second World War, J. K Paasikivi (in the middle), the 7th President of the Republic of Finland, was remembered as a main architect of Finland's foreign policy, especially with the Soviet Union, which was at that time the war enemy of Finland.[6]","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Moscow_negotiations_paaskivi_yrjokoskinen_nykopp_paasonen_1939.png/220px-Moscow_negotiations_paaskivi_yrjokoskinen_nykopp_paasonen_1939.png"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felistella
Felistella
["1 Games","2 References","3 Notes","4 External links"]
Japanese video game developer This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Felistella" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) FelistellaIndustryVideo gamesFoundedJuly 2010HeadquartersGifu, JapanKey peopleTakayuki Kinoshita (president)Number of employees16 (as of April 2015)Websitehttp://felistella.co.jp/index.html Felistella is a Japanese video game developer based in Gifu. It was founded in July 2010 by former Flight-Plan employees. In April 2015, Felistella and Idea Factory have entered a capital tie-up agreement, in which Idea Factory acquired a portion of Felistella's stock. Games Year Title Publisher Platform 2012 Agarest Senki: Mariage Compile Heart PlayStation Portable Summon Night 3 (PlayStation Portable port) Bandai Namco Games Summon Night 4 (PlayStation Portable port) 2013 Summon Night 5 Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth 1 Compile Heart PlayStation Vita 2014 Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth 2: Sisters Generation Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth 3: V Generation 2015 Koesta Think & Feel Android, iOS Luminous Arc Infinity Marvelous PlayStation Vita Superdimension Neptune vs Sega Hard Girls Compile Heart 2016 Genkai Tokki: Seven Pirates 2017 Genkai Tokki: Castle Panzers PlayStation 4 2019 Azur Lane Crosswave PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch 2021 Maglam Lord D3 Publisher (Japan)PQube (Worldwide) 2022 Genkai Tokki: Seven Pirates H Compile Heart (Japan)Eastasiasoft (Worldwide) Nintendo Switch ^ Co-developed with Idea Factory and Red Entertainment ^ a b c Co-developed with Idea Factory and Compile Heart References ^ "アイディアファクトリーとフェリステラの業務資本提携に関するお知らせ" (in Japanese). Idea Factory. 2015-04-15. Retrieved 2016-05-08. ^ Sal Romano (2017-03-12). "Genkai Tokki: Castle Panzers announced for PS4". Gematsu. Retrieved 2015-03-12. ^ "Azur Lane: Crosswave PS4 Game Slated for 2019". Anime News Network. Retrieved October 9, 2018. ^ "Maglam Lord debut trailer, details, and screenshots". Gematsu. Retrieved September 17, 2020. ^ "Genkai Tokki: Seven Pirates H coming to Switch on February 3 in Japan". Gematsu. 2022-01-06. Retrieved 2022-01-07. Notes ^ Felistella (FELISTELLA株式会社, Ferisutera Kabushiki-gaisha) External links Felistella website (in Japanese) Authority control databases MusicBrainz label
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[a]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"video game developer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_developer"},{"link_name":"Gifu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gifu"},{"link_name":"Flight-Plan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight-Plan"},{"link_name":"Idea Factory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Factory"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Felistella[a] is a Japanese video game developer based in Gifu. It was founded in July 2010 by former Flight-Plan employees. In April 2015, Felistella and Idea Factory have entered a capital tie-up agreement, in which Idea Factory acquired a portion of Felistella's stock.[1]","title":"Felistella"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"Idea Factory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Factory"},{"link_name":"Red Entertainment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Entertainment"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-codeveloped1_4-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-codeveloped1_4-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-codeveloped1_4-2"},{"link_name":"Compile Heart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compile_Heart"}],"text":"^ Co-developed with Idea Factory and Red Entertainment\n\n^ a b c Co-developed with Idea Factory and Compile Heart","title":"Games"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"}],"text":"^ Felistella (FELISTELLA株式会社, Ferisutera Kabushiki-gaisha)","title":"Notes"}]
[]
null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gardner_(designer)
James Gardner (designer)
["1 Early career","2 Second World War","3 Exhibition and museum design","4 Other commissions","5 James Gardner (3-D Concepts) Ltd.","6 Awards and accolades","7 Bibliography","8 References","9 External links and further reading"]
James "Leslie" Gardner OBE RDI (29 December 1907 – 25 March 1995) was a British museum and exhibition designer. Although most widely known for his exhibition work, Gardner also undertook illustration and ship design work. His archive is located at the University of Brighton Design Archives. We Too Must Defend Our Freedom, by James Gardner. Early career Educated at Westminster School of Art, Gardner's career began as an apprentice for Cartier jewellers in 1923. After a period of international travel in the 1930s, Gardner returned to London and began working for the commercial design consultancy, Carlton Studios. His early commissions included advertising work for a number of clients, including Shell. Commissioned by their art director Jack Beddington, Gardner undertook poster and exhibition work for them. Second World War War effort bombing scene by James Gardner. Drafted into the Camouflage Training School at Farnham during World War II, Gardner designed a series of inflatable deception projects which included dummy tanks and landing craft. Gardner was also employed by the Ministry of Information as an illustrator at this time. In the 1940s, Gardner designed three non-fiction children's books for Puffin Picture Books. Exhibition and museum design Following the war, the Council of Industrial Design commissioned Gardner to oversee various exhibition projects; the most significant of these was the Britain Can Make It exhibition of industrial and product design in 1946. So began Gardner's career which included contributions to the Enterprise Scotland exhibition in 1947, and the Festival of Britain in 1951, where he designed displays for the 'People of Britain' and part of the South Bank exhibition. He was also Chief Designer of the Battersea Park pleasure gardens. Festival of Britain, Pleasure Gardens, Battersea Park, London, UK. In 1953, Gardner designed the public decorations for Elizabeth II's Coronation. Trade shows were a key area of Gardner's work, both at home and overseas. He designed exhibition stands for Central Office of Information projects, Ideal Home exhibitions, and the United Kingdom Board of Trade. At the Brussels World Fair in 1958 and Expo 67 in Montreal, Gardner's exhibition designs presented ideas concerning British identity. According to Gardner, his aim was 'to offer quirky reinterpretations of people's expectations'. Gardner worked extensively for museums and on cultural heritage exhibitions; in 1962, he designed dioramas for the newly relocated Commonwealth Institute in London, commissioning artists such as Barbara Jones to design murals. His 1972 'Story of the Earth' display for the Geological Museum, London, was acknowledged as a significant breakthrough in science museum design and critically acclaimed and imitated worldwide. Amongst Gardner's other notable projects were: Pilkington Glass Museum (1965) Evoluon Museum, Eindhoven (1966) Museum of the Diaspora, Tel Aviv (1978) Butterfly House, Syon Park, London (1981) The National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan (1988) Tower of David Museum, Jerusalem (1989) Museum of Tolerance, Los Angeles (1993) Other commissions Alongside exhibition design, Gardner was also involved in mainstream industrial design and interior design commissions. These included a prestigious commission from the Cunard cruise line to design the interior and superstructure for the QE2. His design for the ocean liner was described by The Council of Industrial Design as that of a "very big yacht" and with a "look sleek and purposeful". James Gardner (3-D Concepts) Ltd. Together with Eve Harrison and Simon Muirhead, Gardner established James Gardner (3-D Concepts) Ltd. in 1978. The London-based company provided a specialist service in museum and exhibition design, from initial concept to installation. Awards and accolades Gardner received an OBE in 1947 for services in connection with the British Government Pavilion at the Universal and International Exhibition, Brussels. He was also elected a Royal Designer for Industry (RDI) in this year. In 1989 Gardner was awarded the Chartered Society of Designers Medal for outstanding achievement in industrial design. Bibliography War in the Air, Penguin, lithographed by W. S. Cowell Ltd, 1940, ASIN: B000XA75J6 On the Farm, Penguin, lithographed by W. S. Cowell Ltd, 1940 The Battle of Britain, Penguin, lithographed by W. S. Cowell Ltd, 1941, ASIN: B0013EBH2M Exhibition and Display, with Caroline Heller, B.T. Batsford, 1960, ASIN: B000XA0BMO Elephants in the Attic, with Ralph Steadman, Orbis, 1983, ISBN 978-0856134760 The ARTful Designer: Ideas Off the Drawing Board, James Gardner, 1993, ISBN 978-0952127703 References ^ James Gardner – University of Brighton Design Archives ^ Maguire, P & Woodham, J, Design and Cultural Politics in Postwar Britain: The Britain Can Make it Exhibition of 1946, A&C Black, 1997, ISBN 978-0718501419 ^ James Gardner Archive – The Archives Hub ^ Penguin First Editions ^ Cadbury-Brown, HT, A Good Time-and-a-half was had by All, Twentieth Century Architecture, No. 5, FESTIVAL OF BRITAIN (2001), pp. 58–64 ^ Gardner, James – The National Archives ^ Fair Designs, The Glasgow Herald, 11 March 1957 ^ Darling, Elizabeth, Exhibiting Britain: Display and National Identity 1946–1967 ^ Bradley, Kenneth, The New Commonwealth Institute, Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, Vol. 111, No. 5081 (April 1963), pp. 403–411 ^ New Scientist, 27 October 1977, p. 238 ^ Velarde, Giles, James the First, Design Week, April 1995 ^ Evoluon ^ Museums in Israel: Beit Hatefusot – Diaspora Museum ^ Historic England. "Syon Park (1000148)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 May 2015. ^ Taiwan Info: Scientific Artistry, November 1989. Retrieved May 2015 ^ Socken, Hillel, Packaging the Evolving Museum, Curator 49/1, January 2006 ^ Obituary, The Independent, 29 March 1995 ^ QE2 Engineering and Design ^ Supplement to the London Gazette, 1 January 1947, p13 ^ Obituary, RSA Journal, June 1995 ^ Chartered Society of Designers – Minerva Medal Winners Archived 5 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine External links and further reading Enterprise Scotland British Pathé video showcasing interior of exhibition, 1947 Evoluon BBC2 Trade Test Film, showing the Philips Evoluon technology exhibition, 1968 Expo 67: Man and His World: Great Britain Works by Gardner in the Imperial War Museum collection Royal Designers for Industry & Britain Can Make It Authority control databases International FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat National Germany United States Australia Artists RKD Artists ULAN Other Te Papa (New Zealand)
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:We_Too_Must_Defend_Our_Freedom_Art.IWMPST15551.jpg"}],"text":"We Too Must Defend Our Freedom, by James Gardner.","title":"James Gardner (designer)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Westminster School of Art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_School_of_Art"},{"link_name":"Cartier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)"},{"link_name":"Shell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Shell"},{"link_name":"Jack Beddington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Beddington"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Educated at Westminster School of Art, Gardner's career began as an apprentice for Cartier jewellers in 1923. After a period of international travel in the 1930s, Gardner returned to London and began working for the commercial design consultancy, Carlton Studios. His early commissions included advertising work for a number of clients, including Shell. Commissioned by their art director Jack Beddington, Gardner undertook poster and exhibition work for them.[2]","title":"Early career"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:INF3-144_War_Effort_Bombing_scene_Artist_James_Gardner.jpg"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"dummy tanks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dummy_tank"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Ministry of Information","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"Puffin Picture Books","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puffin_Books"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"War effort bombing scene by James Gardner.Drafted into the Camouflage Training School at Farnham during World War II, Gardner designed a series of inflatable deception projects which included dummy tanks and landing craft.[3] Gardner was also employed by the Ministry of Information as an illustrator at this time.In the 1940s, Gardner designed three non-fiction children's books for Puffin Picture Books.[4]","title":"Second World War"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Council of Industrial Design","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_Council"},{"link_name":"Britain Can Make It","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britain_Can_Make_It"},{"link_name":"Festival of Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_of_Britain"},{"link_name":"South Bank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Bank"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Battersea Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battersea_Park"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FoB-01.jpg"},{"link_name":"Festival of Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_of_Britain"},{"link_name":"Battersea Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battersea_Park"},{"link_name":"Elizabeth II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Central Office of Information","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Office_of_Information"},{"link_name":"Ideal Home","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_Home_Show"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Brussels World Fair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_58"},{"link_name":"Expo 67","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_67"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Commonwealth Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Institute"},{"link_name":"Barbara Jones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Jones_(artist)"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Geological Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_Museum"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Pilkington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilkington"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Evoluon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evoluon"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Butterfly House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Butterfly_House"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"National Museum of Natural Science","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_Science"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Tower of David Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_David_Museum"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Museum of Tolerance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Tolerance"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"text":"Following the war, the Council of Industrial Design commissioned Gardner to oversee various exhibition projects; the most significant of these was the Britain Can Make It exhibition of industrial and product design in 1946. So began Gardner's career which included contributions to the Enterprise Scotland exhibition in 1947, and the Festival of Britain in 1951, where he designed displays for the 'People of Britain' and part of the South Bank exhibition.[5] He was also Chief Designer of the Battersea Park pleasure gardens.Festival of Britain, Pleasure Gardens, Battersea Park, London, UK.In 1953, Gardner designed the public decorations for Elizabeth II's Coronation.[6]Trade shows were a key area of Gardner's work, both at home and overseas. He designed exhibition stands for Central Office of Information projects, Ideal Home exhibitions, and the United Kingdom Board of Trade.[7]At the Brussels World Fair in 1958 and Expo 67 in Montreal, Gardner's exhibition designs presented ideas concerning British identity. According to Gardner, his aim was 'to offer quirky reinterpretations of people's expectations'.[8]Gardner worked extensively for museums and on cultural heritage exhibitions; in 1962, he designed dioramas for the newly relocated Commonwealth Institute in London, commissioning artists such as Barbara Jones to design murals.[9] His 1972 'Story of the Earth' display for the Geological Museum, London, was acknowledged as a significant breakthrough in science museum design and critically acclaimed and imitated worldwide.[10]Amongst Gardner's other notable projects were:Pilkington Glass Museum (1965)[11]\nEvoluon Museum, Eindhoven (1966)[12]\nMuseum of the Diaspora, Tel Aviv (1978)[13]\nButterfly House, Syon Park, London (1981)[14]\nThe National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan (1988)[15]\nTower of David Museum, Jerusalem (1989)[16]\nMuseum of Tolerance, Los Angeles (1993)[17]","title":"Exhibition and museum design"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cunard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunard"},{"link_name":"QE2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_2"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"text":"Alongside exhibition design, Gardner was also involved in mainstream industrial design and interior design commissions. These included a prestigious commission from the Cunard cruise line to design the interior and superstructure for the QE2. His design for the ocean liner was described by The Council of Industrial Design as that of a \"very big yacht\" and with a \"look [that was] sleek and purposeful\".[18]","title":"Other commissions"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Together with Eve Harrison and Simon Muirhead, Gardner established James Gardner (3-D Concepts) Ltd. in 1978. The London-based company provided a specialist service in museum and exhibition design, from initial concept to installation.","title":"James Gardner (3-D Concepts) Ltd."},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"OBE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBE"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Royal Designer for Industry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Designers_for_Industry"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"Chartered Society of Designers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartered_Society_of_Designers"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"text":"Gardner received an OBE in 1947 for services in connection with the British Government Pavilion at the Universal and International Exhibition, Brussels.[19] He was also elected a Royal Designer for Industry (RDI) in this year.[20]In 1989 Gardner was awarded the Chartered Society of Designers Medal for outstanding achievement in industrial design.[21]","title":"Awards and accolades"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0856134760","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0856134760"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0952127703","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0952127703"}],"text":"War in the Air, Penguin, lithographed by W. S. Cowell Ltd, 1940, ASIN: B000XA75J6\nOn the Farm, Penguin, lithographed by W. S. Cowell Ltd, 1940\nThe Battle of Britain, Penguin, lithographed by W. S. Cowell Ltd, 1941, ASIN: B0013EBH2M\nExhibition and Display, with Caroline Heller, B.T. Batsford, 1960, ASIN: B000XA0BMO\nElephants in the Attic, with Ralph Steadman, Orbis, 1983, ISBN 978-0856134760\nThe ARTful Designer: Ideas Off the Drawing Board, James Gardner, 1993, ISBN 978-0952127703","title":"Bibliography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Enterprise Scotland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_AbpHYLF48"},{"link_name":"Evoluon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWz52-expO8"},{"link_name":"Expo 67: Man and His World: Great Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/expo/0533020208_e.html"},{"link_name":"Works by Gardner in the Imperial War Museum collection","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.iwm.org.uk/collections/search?f%5B0%5D=makerString%3AGardner%2C%20James&query="},{"link_name":"Royal Designers for Industry & Britain Can Make It","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//arts.brighton.ac.uk/collections/design-archives/resources/rdis-at-britain-can-make-it,-1946/james-gardner"},{"link_name":"Authority control databases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18508333#identifiers"},{"link_name":"FAST","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//id.worldcat.org/fast/1719007/"},{"link_name":"ISNI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//isni.org/isni/0000000114780691"},{"link_name":"VIAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//viaf.org/viaf/33707773"},{"link_name":"WorldCat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJk94hKGd6HTMq3VbXpHG3"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//d-nb.info/gnd/119224003"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//id.loc.gov/authorities/n95069513"},{"link_name":"Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36439227"},{"link_name":"RKD Artists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/281008"},{"link_name":"ULAN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500040838"},{"link_name":"Te Papa (New Zealand)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/31495"}],"text":"Enterprise Scotland British Pathé video showcasing interior of exhibition, 1947\nEvoluon BBC2 Trade Test Film, showing the Philips Evoluon technology exhibition, 1968\nExpo 67: Man and His World: Great Britain\nWorks by Gardner in the Imperial War Museum collection\nRoyal Designers for Industry & Britain Can Make ItAuthority control databases International\nFAST\nISNI\nVIAF\nWorldCat\nNational\nGermany\nUnited States\nAustralia\nArtists\nRKD Artists\nULAN\nOther\nTe Papa (New Zealand)","title":"External links and further reading"}]
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null
[{"reference":"Historic England. \"Syon Park (1000148)\". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 May 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_England","url_text":"Historic England"},{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1000148","url_text":"\"Syon Park (1000148)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England","url_text":"National Heritage List for England"}]}]
[{"Link":"http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/collections/design-archives/archives/james-gardner-archive","external_links_name":"James Gardner"},{"Link":"http://archiveshub.ac.uk/data/gb1837-des/ljg","external_links_name":"James Gardner Archive"},{"Link":"http://www.penguinfirsteditions.com/index.php?cat=mainPP","external_links_name":"Penguin First Editions"},{"Link":"http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/artists/gardner_james.htm","external_links_name":"Gardner, James"},{"Link":"http://www.vads.ac.uk/learning/designingbritain/html/expobrittoday.html","external_links_name":"Exhibiting Britain: Display and National Identity 1946–1967"},{"Link":"http://www.dse.nl/~evoluon/index-e.html","external_links_name":"Evoluon"},{"Link":"https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/diasporamuse.html","external_links_name":"Diaspora Museum"},{"Link":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1000148","external_links_name":"\"Syon Park (1000148)\""},{"Link":"http://taiwaninfo.nat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=131584&CtNode=124&htx_TRCategory=&mp=4","external_links_name":"Scientific Artistry"},{"Link":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.2151-6952.2006.tb00193.x/asset/j.2151-6952.2006.tb00193.x.pdf;jsessionid=CFAFE1218277303182A82C0C7CEDAD81.f02t04?v=1&t=i9v58w26&s=bb5eff89fade24f33df462070358a8476658e8dc","external_links_name":"Packaging the Evolving Museum"},{"Link":"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituaryjames-gardner-1613200.html","external_links_name":"Obituary"},{"Link":"http://maritime.elettra.co.uk/qe2/design/","external_links_name":"Engineering and Design"},{"Link":"http://www.csd.org.uk/index.aspx?id=68","external_links_name":"Minerva Medal Winners"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150905112158/http://www.csd.org.uk/index.aspx?id=68","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_AbpHYLF48","external_links_name":"Enterprise Scotland"},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWz52-expO8","external_links_name":"Evoluon"},{"Link":"http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/expo/0533020208_e.html","external_links_name":"Expo 67: Man and His World: Great Britain"},{"Link":"http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/search?f%5B0%5D=makerString%3AGardner%2C%20James&query=","external_links_name":"Works by Gardner in the Imperial War Museum collection"},{"Link":"http://arts.brighton.ac.uk/collections/design-archives/resources/rdis-at-britain-can-make-it,-1946/james-gardner","external_links_name":"Royal Designers for Industry & Britain Can Make It"},{"Link":"http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1719007/","external_links_name":"FAST"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000114780691","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/33707773","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJk94hKGd6HTMq3VbXpHG3","external_links_name":"WorldCat"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/119224003","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n95069513","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36439227","external_links_name":"Australia"},{"Link":"https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/281008","external_links_name":"RKD Artists"},{"Link":"https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500040838","external_links_name":"ULAN"},{"Link":"https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/31495","external_links_name":"Te Papa (New Zealand)"}]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Rice_Owls_football_team
1950 Rice Owls football team
["1 Schedule","2 References"]
American college football season 1950 Rice Owls footballConferenceSouthwest ConferenceRecord6–4 (2–4 SWC)Head coachJess Neely (11th season)Home stadiumRice StadiumSeasons← 19491951 → 1950 Southwest Conference football standings vte Conf Overall Team W   L   T W   L   T No. 3 Texas $ 6 – 0 – 0 9 – 2 – 0 Baylor 4 – 2 – 0 7 – 3 – 0 Texas A&M 3 – 3 – 0 7 – 4 – 0 TCU 3 – 3 – 0 5 – 5 – 0 Rice 2 – 4 – 0 6 – 4 – 0 SMU 2 – 4 – 0 6 – 4 – 0 Arkansas 1 – 5 – 0 2 – 8 – 0 $ – Conference championRankings from AP Poll The 1950 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1950 college football season. The Owls were led by 11th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at the newly-constructed Rice Stadium in Houston. The team competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing tied for fifth. Schedule DateOpponentRankSiteResultAttendanceSourceSeptember 30Santa Clara*Rice StadiumHouston, TXW 27–768,000 October 7LSU*Rice StadiumHouston, TXW 35–2052,000 October 14at Pittsburgh*No. 15Pitt StadiumPittsburgh, PAW 14–7 October 21No. 3 SMUNo. 15Rice StadiumHouston, TX (rivalry)L 21–4270,000 October 28No. 7 TexasRice StadiumHouston, TX (rivalry)L 7–3570,000 November 4Texas Tech*Rice StadiumHouston, TXW 13–720,000 November 11at ArkansasRazorback StadiumFayetteville, ARW 9–6 November 18at No. 12 Texas A&MKyle FieldCollege Station, TXW 21–13 November 25TCURice StadiumHouston, TXL 14–26 December 2at BaylorBaylor StadiumWaco, TXL 7–3320,000 *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game References ^ "1950 Rice Owls Schedule and Results". Sports-Reference.com. Retrieved August 2, 2018. ^ Harry M. Hayward (October 1, 1950). "Rice blasts Broncs, 27–7". The San Francisco Examiner. pp. 22, 24 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "Rice masters LSU, 35–20, to end five-year grid jinx". The Miami Herald. October 8, 1950. Retrieved February 11, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. ^ "Texas juggernauts to 35–7 win over Rice". The Commercial Appeal. October 29, 1950. Retrieved April 30, 2023 – via Newspapers.com. vteRice Owls footballVenues West End Park (1912, 1914–1915) Rice Field (1913–1949) Rice Stadium (1950–present) Bowls & rivalries Bowl games Houston SMU Texas Culture & lore Sammy the Owl "Rice Fight" Marching Owl Band People Head coaches NFL draftees Statistical leaders Seasons 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 This college football 1950s season article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rice University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_University"},{"link_name":"1950 college football season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_college_football_season"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Jess Neely","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jess_Neely"},{"link_name":"Rice Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_Stadium_(Rice_University)"},{"link_name":"Houston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston"},{"link_name":"Southwest Conference","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Conference"}],"text":"The 1950 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1950 college football season.[1] The Owls were led by 11th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at the newly-constructed Rice Stadium in Houston. The team competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing tied for fifth.","title":"1950 Rice Owls football team"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Schedule"}]
[]
null
[{"reference":"\"1950 Rice Owls Schedule and Results\". Sports-Reference.com. Retrieved August 2, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/rice/1950-schedule.html","url_text":"\"1950 Rice Owls Schedule and Results\""}]},{"reference":"Harry M. Hayward (October 1, 1950). \"Rice blasts Broncs, 27–7\". The San Francisco Examiner. pp. 22, 24 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/99909096/rice-blasts-broncs-27-7/","url_text":"\"Rice blasts Broncs, 27–7\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Rice masters LSU, 35–20, to end five-year grid jinx\". The Miami Herald. October 8, 1950. Retrieved February 11, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94763298/rice-masters-lsu-3520-to-end-five-yea/","url_text":"\"Rice masters LSU, 35–20, to end five-year grid jinx\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Texas juggernauts to 35–7 win over Rice\". The Commercial Appeal. October 29, 1950. Retrieved April 30, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123790905/texas-juggernauts-to-357-win-over-rice/","url_text":"\"Texas juggernauts to 35–7 win over Rice\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers.com","url_text":"Newspapers.com"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parisette
Parisette
["1 Cast","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
1921 film ParisetteScene from filmDirected byLouis FeuilladeWritten byLouis FeuilladeStarringSandra MilovanoffGeorges BiscotCinematographyMaurice ChampreuxLéon MorizetEdited byMaurice ChampreuxRelease date 10 December 1921 (1921-12-10) Running time380 minutesCountryFranceLanguagesSilentFrench intertitles Parisette is a 1921 French drama film serial directed by Louis Feuillade. Cast Sandra Milovanoff as Parisette Georges Biscot as Cogolin Fernand Herrmann as Le banquier Stephan Édouard Mathé as Pedro Alvarez René Clair as Jean Vernier Henri-Amédée Charpentier as Le père Lapusse Jeanne Rollette as Mélanie Parent (as Jane Rollette) Jane Grey as Mme. Stephan Pierre de Canolle as Joseph Bernard Derigal as Marquis de Costabella (as Derigal) Arnaud as Candido Gaston Michel See also List of film serials List of film serials by studio List of longest films by running time References ^ "Progressive Silent Film List: Parisette". Silent Era. Retrieved 24 February 2008. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parisette (1921 film). Parisette at IMDb vteFilms directed by Louis FeuilladeFilm serials Fantômas (1913–14) Les Vampires (1915–16) Judex (1916) Tih Minh (1918) Barrabas (1920) Parisette (1921) The Two Girls (1921) Short films A Roman Orgy (1911) La hantise (1912) Bout de Zan et l'embusqué (1915) This article about a silent drama film is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte This article related to a French film of the 1920s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"drama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama_film"},{"link_name":"film serial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_serial"},{"link_name":"Louis Feuillade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Feuillade"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-silentera-1"}],"text":"Parisette is a 1921 French drama film serial directed by Louis Feuillade.[1]","title":"Parisette"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sandra Milovanoff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Milovanoff"},{"link_name":"Georges Biscot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Biscot"},{"link_name":"Fernand Herrmann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Herrmann"},{"link_name":"Édouard Mathé","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Math%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"René Clair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair"},{"link_name":"Gaston Michel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Michel"}],"text":"Sandra Milovanoff as Parisette\nGeorges Biscot as Cogolin\nFernand Herrmann as Le banquier Stephan\nÉdouard Mathé as Pedro Alvarez\nRené Clair as Jean Vernier\nHenri-Amédée Charpentier as Le père Lapusse\nJeanne Rollette as Mélanie Parent (as Jane Rollette)\nJane Grey as Mme. Stephan\nPierre de Canolle as Joseph\nBernard Derigal as Marquis de Costabella (as Derigal)\nArnaud as Candido\nGaston Michel","title":"Cast"}]
[]
[{"title":"List of film serials","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_film_serials"},{"title":"List of film serials by studio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_film_serials_by_studio"},{"title":"List of longest films by running time","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_longest_films_by_running_time"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelastocoridae
Gelastocoridae
["1 Biology","2 Diagnostic characteristics","3 Evolutionary history","4 References"]
Family of true bugs Toad bugsTemporal range: Aptian–Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Gelastocoridae at the edge of the Eel River, California Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Heteroptera Infraorder: Nepomorpha Clade: Tripartita Superfamily: Ochteroidea Family: Gelastocoridae Genera Gelastocoris Nerthra The Gelastocoridae (toad bugs) is a family of about 100 species of insects in the suborder Heteroptera. These fall into two genera, about 15 species of Gelastocoris from the New World and 85 of Nerthra from the Old World. They are reminiscent of toads both in the warty appearance and hopping movements of some species. Biology Stereomicroscope image of a toad bug Gelastocoridae are riparian insects, generally found at the margins of streams and ponds, where they are predators of small insects. Gelastocoridae catch their prey by leaping on top of them and grasping them with their modified front legs. Members of the family are found throughout the world, but their highest diversity is in the tropics. Adults lay their eggs in sand. Nymphs of many species cover themselves with a layer of sand grains. Apart from the no doubt considerable physical protection that the armour affords them, the layer of sand renders them effectively invisible on the ground unless they move at the wrong moment. Diagnostic characteristics Gelastocoridae are short (6–15 mm or 0.24–0.59 in long) and stout, with large protuberant eyes and cryptic coloration. Many Gelastocoridae species can change their coloration to match their habitat. Like other Heteroptera, they have hemelytra for their forewings and piercing-sucking mouthparts. Their antennae are hidden. This photograph of a nymph near Helderberg in South Africa, demonstrates why they are so difficult to observe in the wild. This specimen was not more than 5mm long. Evolutionary history The oldest record of the family is the genus Cratonerthra from the Aptian aged Crato Formation of Brazil. Fossils assignable to both extant genera are known from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber of Myanmar. References ^ Randall T. Schuh; James Alexander Slater (1996). True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera:Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History (2 ed.). Cornell University Press. pp. 116–117. ISBN 978-0801420665. ^ a b Borror DJ, Tripplehorn CA, Johnson NF (1989) An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 6th edition. Harcourt Brace College Publishers. New York. pg 213 ^ Resh VH, Cardé RT (2003) Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pg 956 ^ a b Triplehorn, Charles A.; Johnson, Norman F. (2005). Borror and Delong's Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Edition. Belmont, CA: Books/Cole, Cengage Learning. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-03-096835-8. ^ Alan Weaving; Mike Picker; Griffiths, Charles Llewellyn (2003). Field Guide to Insects of South Africa. New Holland Publishers, Ltd. ISBN 1-86872-713-0. ^ Poinar, George; Brown, Alex E. (August 2016). "Toad bugs (Hemiptera: Gelastocoridae) in Myanmar amber". Cretaceous Research. 63: 39–44. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.013. ISSN 0195-6671. vteExtant Hemiptera families Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Subclass: Pterygota Infraclass: Neoptera Superorder: Paraneoptera Suborder AuchenorrhynchaCicadomorphaCercopoidea(froghoppers) Aphrophoridae Cercopidae Clastopteridae Epipygidae Machaerotidae Cicadoidea(cicadas) Cicadidae Tettigarctidae (hairy cicadas) Membracoidea Aetalionidae Cicadellidae (leafhoppers) Melizoderidae Membracidae (typical treehoppers, thorn bugs) Myerslopiidae Fulgoromorpha(planthoppers)Fulgoroidea Acanaloniidae Achilidae Achilixiidae Cixiidae Delphacidae Derbidae Dictyopharidae Eurybrachidae Flatidae Fulgoridae (lanternflies) Gengidae Hypochthonellidae Issidae Kinnaridae Lophopidae Meenoplidae Nogodinidae Ricaniidae Tettigometridae Tropiduchidae Suborder SternorrhynchaAleyrodoidea Aleyrodidae (whiteflies) Aphidoidea(aphids) Aphididae Coccoidea(scale insects) Aclerdidae Asterolecaniidae (pit scales) Beesoniidae (beesoniids) Carayonemidae (carayonemids) Cerococcidae (ornate pit scales) Coccidae (soft scales) Conchaspididae Dactylopiidae (cochineals) Diaspididae (armored scales) Eriococcidae (felt scales) Halimococcidae (pupillarial palm scales) Kermesidae Kerriidae (lac scales) Lecanodiaspididae (false pit scales) Margarodidae (cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, ground pearls) Micrococcidae (Mediterranean scales) Monophlebidae (giant scales) Ortheziidae (ensign scales) Phenacoleachiidae (phenacoleachiids) Phoenicococcidae (palm scales) Pseudococcidae (mealybugs) Putoidae (giant mealybugs) Stictococcidae (stictococcids) Phylloxeroidea Adelgidae (woolly conifer aphids) Phylloxeridae (phylloxerans) Psylloidea Aphalaridae Calophyidae Carsidaridae Homotomidae Phacopteronidae Psyllidae (jumping plant lice) Triozidae Suborder Heteroptera (with Coleorrhyncha)Dipsocoromorpha Ceratocombidae Dipsocoridae Hypsipterygidae Schizopteridae Stemmocryptidae EnicocephalomorphaEnicocephaloidea Aenictopecheidae Enicocephalidae (unique-headed bugs, gnat bugs) Gerromorpha(semiaquatic bugs)Gerroidea Gerridae (water striders) Hermatobatidae Veliidae (riffle bugs) Hebroidea Hebridae (velvet water bugs) Hydrometroidea Hydrometridae (marsh treaders or water measurers) Macroveliidae Paraphrynoveliidae Mesovelioidea(water treaders) Madeoveliidae Mesoveliidae Leptopodomorpha Saldidae (shore bugs) Leptopodidae (spiny shore bugs) Omaniidae Aepophilidae Nepomorpha(true water bugs)Corixoidea Corixidae (water boatmen) Nepoidea Belostomatidae (giant water bugs) Nepidae (water scorpions, needle bugs) Ochteroidea Gelastocoridae (toad bugs) Ochteridae (velvety shore bugs) Aphelocheiroidea Aphelocheiridae Potamocoridae Naucoroidea Naucoridae (creeping water bugs) Notonectoidea Notonectidae (backswimmers) Pleoidea Helotrephidae Pleidae (pygmy backswimmers) Peloridiomorpha(Coleorrhyncha) Peloridiidae CimicomorphaCimicoidea Anthocoridae (minute pirate bugs or flower bugs) Cimicidae (bed bugs, bat bugs) Curaliidae (Curalium cronini) Joppeicidae Lasiochilidae Lyctocoridae Medocostidae Microphysidae Miridae (plant bugs, leaf bugs, grass bugs) Nabidae (damsel bugs) Pachynomidae Plokiophilidae Polyctenidae (old world bat bugs) Reduviidae (assassin bugs, wheel bugs, thread-legged bugs) Thaumastocoridae (royal palm bugs) Tingidae (lace bugs) Velocipedidae PentatomomorphaAradoidea Aradidae (flat bugs) Termitaphididae (termite bugs) Pentatomoidea(shield bugs) Urostylididae Acanthosomatidae (shield bugs) Tessaratomidae (giant shield bugs and relatives) Dinidoridae Cydnidae (burrowing bugs) Thaumastellidae Parastrachiidae Thyreocoridae (includes ebony bugs) Lestoniidae Phloeidae Scutelleridae (jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs) Plataspidae Pentatomidae (stink bugs) Canopidae Megarididae Coreoidea Alydidae (broad-headed bugs) Coreidae (squash bugs, leaf-footed bugs) Hyocephalidae Rhopalidae (scentless plant bugs) Stenocephalidae Lygaeoidea Artheneidae Berytidae (stilt bugs) Blissidae Colobathristidae Cryptorhamphidae Cymidae Geocoridae Henicocoridae Heterogastridae Idiostolidae Lygaeidae (milkweed bugs, true seed bugs) Malcidae Ninidae Oxycarenidae Pachygronthidae Rhyparochromidae (atypical seed bugs) Piesmatidae (ash-grey leaf bugs) Pyrrhocoroidea Pyrrhocoridae (red bugs, cotton stainers) Largidae (bordered plant bugs) Note: Coleorrhyncha are a different clade from Heteroptera. Heteroptera with Coleorrhyncha were referred to as Prosorrhyncha. Taxon identifiersGelastocoridae Wikidata: Q3759261 Wikispecies: Gelastocoridae AFD: GELASTOCORIDAE BOLD: 212473 BugGuide: 158 CoL: 62485 EoL: 586 EPPO: 1GELAF GBIF: 4310 iNaturalist: 53499 IRMNG: 101475 ITIS: 103768 NCBI: 38102 Open Tree of Life: 214230 Paleobiology Database: 203359 WoRMS: 493848 Authority control databases: National Israel This Nepomorpha article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"insects","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect"},{"link_name":"Heteroptera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteroptera"},{"link_name":"Gelastocoris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelastocoris"},{"link_name":"New World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World"},{"link_name":"Nerthra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerthra"},{"link_name":"Old World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_World"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Schuh1996-1"},{"link_name":"toads","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toad"}],"text":"The Gelastocoridae (toad bugs) is a family of about 100 species of insects in the suborder Heteroptera. These fall into two genera, about 15 species of Gelastocoris from the New World and 85 of Nerthra from the Old World.[1] They are reminiscent of toads both in the warty appearance and hopping movements of some species.","title":"Gelastocoridae"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toad_Bug.jpg"},{"link_name":"riparian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riparian_zone"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Borror_1989-2"},{"link_name":"diversity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity"},{"link_name":"tropics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropics"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-4"},{"link_name":"Nymphs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymph"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-isbn1-86872-713-0-5"}],"text":"Stereomicroscope image of a toad bugGelastocoridae are riparian insects, generally found at the margins of streams and ponds, where they are predators of small insects. Gelastocoridae catch their prey by leaping on top of them and grasping them with their modified front legs.[2] Members of the family are found throughout the world, but their highest diversity is in the tropics.[3]Adults lay their eggs in sand.[4] Nymphs of many species cover themselves with a layer of sand grains. Apart from the no doubt considerable physical protection that the armour affords them, the layer of sand renders them effectively invisible on the ground unless they move at the wrong moment.[5]","title":"Biology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-4"},{"link_name":"Heteroptera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteroptera"},{"link_name":"hemelytra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_wing"},{"link_name":"mouthparts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_mouthparts"},{"link_name":"antennae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(biology)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Borror_1989-2"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hemiptera_Heteroptera_Gelastocoridae_Toad_bug_nymph_camouflaged_with_sand.jpg"},{"link_name":"Helderberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helderberg"}],"text":"Gelastocoridae are short (6–15 mm or 0.24–0.59 in long) and stout, with large protuberant eyes and cryptic coloration. Many Gelastocoridae species can change their coloration to match their habitat.[4] Like other Heteroptera, they have hemelytra for their forewings and piercing-sucking mouthparts. Their antennae are hidden.[2]This photograph of a nymph near Helderberg in South Africa, demonstrates why they are so difficult to observe in the wild. This specimen was not more than 5mm long.","title":"Diagnostic characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cratonerthra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cratonerthra&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Aptian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptian"},{"link_name":"Crato Formation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crato_Formation"},{"link_name":"Cenomanian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenomanian"},{"link_name":"Burmese amber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_amber"},{"link_name":"Myanmar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"The oldest record of the family is the genus Cratonerthra from the Aptian aged Crato Formation of Brazil. Fossils assignable to both extant genera are known from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber of Myanmar.[6]","title":"Evolutionary history"}]
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null
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WJNS-FM
WJNS-FM
["1 History","2 References","3 External links"]
Coordinates: 32°33′25″N 90°20′14″W / 32.55694°N 90.33722°W / 32.55694; -90.33722Radio station in Bentonia–Jackson, Mississippi WJNS-FMBentonia, MississippiUnited StatesBroadcast areaJackson metropolitan areaFrequency92.1 MHzBrandingSonLife RadioProgrammingFormatChristian radioAffiliationsSonLife Radio NetworkOwnershipOwnerFamily Worship Center Church, Inc.HistoryFirst air dateDecember 13, 1968Technical informationLicensing authorityFCCFacility ID72816ClassAERP4,800 wattsHAAT111.3 meters (365 ft)LinksPublic license information Public fileLMSWebcastListen liveWebsitesonlifetv.com WJNS-FM (92.1 MHz) is a Christian radio station licensed to Bentonia, Mississippi, and serving the Jackson metropolitan area. WJNS-FM is owned and operated by Family Worship Center Church, Inc. History The station began broadcasting on December 13, 1968, and was originally licensed to Yazoo City, Mississippi. The station was owned by Gateway Broadcasting, with State Representative Joel Netherland owning controlling interest. The station primarily aired country music through the 1980s. In 1988, the station was sold to St. Pe' Broadcasting for $312,500. St. Pe' was owned by Edward and Debbie St. Pe'. By the early 1990s, the station had adopted a contemporary hits format. In early 1991, the station switched to an oldies format, but in the summer of that year it returned to a country music format. In 1992, the station adopted a Gospel music format. In 1993, the station was sold to Bishop Levi E. Willis's Willis Broadcasting. In 2004, the station was sold to Jimmy Swaggart's Family Worship Center for $350,000. In 2007, the station was granted a construction permit to move from Yazoo City to Bentonia. WJNS-FM's tower was destroyed by Hurricane Ike on September 13, 2008, and was off the air for several months afterwards. In spring 2009, the station returned to the air from its new facilities in Bentonia. References ^ a b c Broadcasting Yearbook 1970. Broadcasting. 1970. p. B-116. Retrieved May 17, 2019. ^ "Facility Technical Data for WJNS-FM". Licensing and Management System. Federal Communications Commission. ^ FM Query Results: WJNS-FM, fcc.gov. Retrieved May 17, 2019. ^ a b History Cards for WJNS-FM, fcc.gov. Retrieved May 17, 2019. ^ "Mississippi Lawmaker Is Killed by Gunshot", Associated Press. The New York Times. August 9, 1992. Retrieved May 17, 2019. ^ "Ownership changes", Broadcasting. May 9, 1983. p. 78. Retrieved May 17, 2019. ^ a b "Changing Hands", Broadcasting. April 25, 1988. p. 72. Retrieved May 17, 2019. ^ Broadcasting Yearbook 1975. Broadcasting. 1975. p. C-107. Retrieved May 17, 2019. ^ Broadcasting & Cable Yearbook 1981. Broadcasting & Cable. 1981. p. C-133. Retrieved May 17, 2019. ^ Broadcasting/Cablecasting Yearbook 1988. Broadcasting & Cable. 1988. p. B-161. Retrieved May 18, 2019. ^ Montgomery, Debbie (June 8, 1988). "After 20 years, Netherland gives final sign-off on WJNS-FM radio station". Yazoo Herald. p. 1. Retrieved May 21, 2019. ^ The Broadcasting Yearbook 1991. Broadcasting & Cable. 1991. p. B-187. Retrieved May 18, 2019. ^ a b "Format Changes", The M Street Journal. Vol. 8, No. 7. February 18, 1991. p. 1. Retrieved April 18, 2019. ^ a b Ross, Sean; Rosen, Craig; Stark, Phyllis. "Vox Jox", Billboard. March 2, 1991. p. 14. Retrieved March 18, 2019. ^ "Format Changes", The M Street Journal. Vol. 8, No. 30. July 29, 1991. p. 1. Retrieved April 18, 2019. ^ "Format Changes", The M Street Journal. Vol. 9, No. 37. September 16, 1992. p. 1. Retrieved April 18, 2019. ^ "Changing Hands", Broadcasting & Cable. August 9, 1993. p. 42. Retrieved May 18, 2019. ^ a b "Station goes from one man of the cloth to another". Radio Business Report. Archived from the original on March 23, 2004. Retrieved May 18, 2019. ^ "City of License Change Review", fcc.gov. June 2007. Retrieved May 18, 2019. ^ Public Notice Comment – BPED-20070611AKN, fcc.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2019. ^ a b "WJNS-FM Bentonia, Mississippi Facility Identification Number: 72816 Special Temporary Authority", fcc.gov. May 6, 2009. Retrieved May 18, 2019. External links WJNS in the FCC FM station database WJNS in Nielsen Audio's FM station database vteRadio stations in the Jackson, Mississippi, Metropolitan AreaBy AM frequency 620 780 810 930 970 1120 1150 1180 1240 1300 1370 1400 By FM frequency 87.751 88.5 90.1 91.3 92.1 92.5 93.5 93.9 94.7 95.5 96.3 97.3 97.7 98.7 99.7 100.5 100.9 101.7 102.9 103.9 105.1 105.9 106.7 107.5 LPFM 95.1 100.1 104.3 107.9 Translator 93.1 94.3 96.9 98.1 99.1 102.1 102.5 103.5 106.3 NOAA Weather Radiofrequency 162.4 Digital radioby frequency & subchannel 88.5-1 88.5-2 91.3-1 91.3-2 93.5-1 93.5-2 99.7-1 By call sign KIH38 W225BK W232DD W245AH W251DB W256BL W271DF W273CY W278BW W292EX WFMN WFNH-LP WFQY WHJT WHLH WIIN WIWT-LP WJAI WJDX WJDX-FM WJKK WJLV WJMF-LD WJMI WJNS-FM WJNT WJQS WJSU-FM WJXC-LP WJXN-FM WKXI-FM WMGO WMPN-FM HD2 WMPR WMSI-FM WOAD WONG WPBP-LP WQST-FM WRBJ-FM WRKS WRTM-FM WSFZ WSJC WSTZ-FM WTWZ WUSJ WYAB WYOY WZQK Defunct WJXN (1450 AM) WLEZ-LP (98.1 FM) WOKJ (1550 AM) WQST (850 AM) WWDF (720 AM) WZRX (1590 AM) Nearby regions Columbus-Starkville-West Point Greenville-Greenwood Laurel-Hattiesburg McComb-Brookhaven Meridian Natchez Vicksburg See also List of radio stations in Mississippi 1 = Audio for TV channel 6 (WJMF-LP/Ind) vteReligious radio stations in the state of MississippiStations WAFR – Tupelo WAOY – Gulfport WAQL – McComb WASM – Natchez WATP – Laurel WATU – Port Gibson WAUM – Duck Hill WAVI – Oxford WCPC – Houston WCSO – Columbus WIXP-LP – Greenville WJNS-FM – Bentonia WJZB – Starkville WLRC – Walnut WLYY – Louisville WMBU – Forest WNLA – Indianola WNNN-LP – Noxapater WORV – Hattiesburg WPAE – Centreville WPAS – Pascagoula WPRG – Columbia WQST-FM – Forest WSJC – Magee WTGY – Charleston WTWZ – Clinton WWUN – Friar's Point WYTF – Indianola See also adult contemporary classic hits college country news/talk NPR oldies religious rock sports top 40 urban other radio stations in Mississippi See also Classical Jazz Religious Spanish Smooth Jazz Other 32°33′25″N 90°20′14″W / 32.55694°N 90.33722°W / 32.55694; -90.33722
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"MHz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHz"},{"link_name":"Christian radio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_radio"},{"link_name":"station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_station"},{"link_name":"Bentonia, Mississippi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentonia,_Mississippi"},{"link_name":"Jackson metropolitan area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_metropolitan_area,_Mississippi"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Radio station in Bentonia–Jackson, MississippiWJNS-FM (92.1 MHz) is a Christian radio station licensed to Bentonia, Mississippi, and serving the Jackson metropolitan area. WJNS-FM is owned and operated by Family Worship Center Church, Inc.[3]","title":"WJNS-FM"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Yazoo City, Mississippi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazoo_City,_Mississippi"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BCYearbook1970-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HistoryCards-4"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HistoryCards-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BC5983-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BC42588-7"},{"link_name":"country music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BCYearbook1970-1"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BCYearbook1975-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BCYearbook1981-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BCYearbook1988-10"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BC42588-7"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"contemporary hits","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_hit_radio"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BCYearbook1991-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MStreet21891-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BB3291-14"},{"link_name":"oldies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldies"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MStreet21891-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BB3291-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Gospel music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_music"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RBRcloth-18"},{"link_name":"Jimmy Swaggart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Swaggart"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RBRcloth-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"Hurricane Ike","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Ike"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-STA5609-21"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-STA5609-21"}],"text":"The station began broadcasting on December 13, 1968, and was originally licensed to Yazoo City, Mississippi.[1][4] The station was owned by Gateway Broadcasting, with State Representative Joel Netherland owning controlling interest.[4][5][6][7] The station primarily aired country music through the 1980s.[1][8][9][10]In 1988, the station was sold to St. Pe' Broadcasting for $312,500.[7] St. Pe' was owned by Edward and Debbie St. Pe'.[11] By the early 1990s, the station had adopted a contemporary hits format.[12][13][14] In early 1991, the station switched to an oldies format, but in the summer of that year it returned to a country music format.[13][14][15] In 1992, the station adopted a Gospel music format.[16]In 1993, the station was sold to Bishop Levi E. Willis's Willis Broadcasting.[17][18] In 2004, the station was sold to Jimmy Swaggart's Family Worship Center for $350,000.[18]In 2007, the station was granted a construction permit to move from Yazoo City to Bentonia.[19][20] WJNS-FM's tower was destroyed by Hurricane Ike on September 13, 2008, and was off the air for several months afterwards.[21] In spring 2009, the station returned to the air from its new facilities in Bentonia.[21]","title":"History"}]
[]
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