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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I._Solomon
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Edward I. Solomon
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["1 Early life and education","2 Research","2.1 Research highlights","3 Awards","4 Professional memberships","5 References","6 External links"]
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American bioinorganic chemist
For other people named Edward Solomon, see Edward Solomon (disambiguation).
This biographical article is written like a résumé. Please help improve it by revising it to be neutral and encyclopedic. (September 2021)
Edward I. SolomonBornEdward Ira Solomon1946 (age 77–78)North Miami Beach, FloridaNationalityAmericanAlma materRensselaer Polytechnic Institute B.S. (1968)
Princeton University Ph.D. (1972)SpouseDarlene SolomonScientific careerFieldsBioinorganic Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Theoretical ChemistryInstitutionsStanford UniversityThesisThe Jahn-Teller Effect in the Orbital Triplet Excited States of Octahedral Manganese(II) (1972)Doctoral advisorDonald S. McClureOther academic advisorsCarl J. Ballhausen, Harry B. GrayDoctoral studentsSerena DeBeer, Darlene Joy SpiraOther notable studentsFrank Neese
Websiteweb.stanford.edu/group/solomon/home.html
Edward I. Solomon (born 1946) is the Monroe E. Spaght Professor of Chemistry at Stanford University. He is an elected member of the United States National Academy of Sciences, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has been profiled in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. He has also been a longtime collaborator with many scientists, including Professor Kenneth D. Karlin at Johns Hopkins University.
Early life and education
Solomon grew up in North Miami Beach, Florida. In his junior year of high school, he became involved in a local program that allowed exceptional students to work with university professors. Solomon conducted research with a professor at the University of Miami, using biochemistry and chromatography to study indoles, which led to him becoming Florida's first-ever finalist for the Westinghouse Science Talent Search in 1964.
He then studied chemistry at Renesselaer Polytechnic Institute, graduating with a B.S. degree in 1968. During his undergraduate, he worked with Prof. Sam Wait and Prof. Henry Hollinger in theoretical chemistry. Solomon went on to Princeton University to conduct graduate studies with physical chemist Prof. Donald McClure, where he studied the Jahn–Teller effect in the excited states of Mn2+ ions in RbMnF3. Shortly after Solomon received his Ph.D. in chemistry in 1972, his advisor McClure went on sabbatical and asked Solomon to stay and help oversee his research group. At this time, McClure and Prof. Thomas G. Spiro hosted a symposium that hosted many leaders in physical inorganic chemistry. It was at this symposium that Solomon decided he wanted to work with Prof. Harry B. Gray during his post-doctoral studies.
Solomon spent a year in Copenhagen, Denmark at the Hans Christian Ørsted Institute to work as a postdoctoral fellow under Prof. Carl J. Ballhausen. He then moved to Caltech with to do postdoctoral research with Prof. Harry B. Gray from 1974 to 1975.
Research
Solomon began his independent career in late 1975 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an assistant professor, where he continued to study blue copper proteins. In 1981, he was promoted to the rank of full professor, and in 1982 he moved to Stanford University. At this point, bioinorganic chemistry became the dominant focus of his laboratory.
Solomon's research focuses on characterization of metal-containing enzymes. These include copper-containing enzymes such as azurin, plastocyanin and laccase, as well as non-heme iron enzymes such as (4-hydroxy)mandelate synthase and (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate dioxygenase. He is an expert in magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy.
Research highlights
Elucidation of the tyrosinase dicopper active site mechanism
Demonstration that a trinuclear copper active site exists in the laccase enzyme
Demonstration of the entatic state of the blue copper protein
Development of Variable Temperature, Variable Field (VTVH) magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy to study non-heme iron enzyme active sites
Development of metal L-edge and ligand K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate metal-ligand covalency.
Awards
This article or section may need to be formatted. You can help Wikipedia by formatting it if you know how. Please also consider changing this notice to be more specific. (October 2016)
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow, 1976–79
Dupont and General Electric Young Faculty Awards, 1979–80
JSPS Fellow (1995, 2002, 2009)
NIH MERIT Award (1995 & 2002)
Remsen Award (1994)
Wheland Medal, University of Chicago (2000)
Frontiers in Biological Chemistry Award, Max-Planck Institute (2001)
Bailar Medal, University of Illinois (2007)
Thomas Chemistry Scholar (2007)
Ira Remsen Award
Kosolapoff Award
Dean's Award for Distinguished Teaching, Stanford University (1990)
ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry (2001)
Centenary Medal and Lectureship, Royal Society of Chemistry (2003)
ACS Award for Distinguished Service in the Advancement of Inorganic Chemistry (2006)
Chakravorty Award & Lecturership, Chemical Research Society of India (2008)
Alfred Bader Award in Bioinorganic or Bioorganic Chemistry, American Chemical Society (2016)
Associate editor, Inorganic Chemistry
Editorial Advisory Board Member for 14 journals
McElvain (1983), World Bank (1984), O. K. Rice (1984), Reilly (1986), Frontiers (1990), 1st Seaborg (1990), Frontiers in Chemistry (1991), ACS (1992), National Science Council (1993), Xerox (1994), Leermakers (1994), Amoco (1995), Kahn (1996), Golden Jubilee (1996), Karcher (1997), FMC (1998), Colloquium 3eme Cycle (1998), A.D. Little (1998), Aldrich (2001), Hill Memorial (2003), Cady (2003), Kieler Woche (2003), Crawford (2004), Walton (2005), Endicott/Rorabacker Frontier (2006), Dawson (2007), Frontiers (2007), Procter & Gamble (2008), Andreas Albrecht (2009), Hans B. Jonassen (2009), Harteck (2009), Sunney Chan (2009) Faraday (2010), Vaughan (2011), Hans Freeman (2012), Ross (2013) Lectures
Professional memberships
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1981)
Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1998)
Member of the National Academy of Sciences (2005)
Fellow of the American Chemical Society (2009)
References
^ a b "National Academy of Sciences Member Directory - Edward I. Solomon". Archived from the original on 2019-03-24.
^ a b c d e f g h "Edward I. Solomon | Department of Chemistry". chemistry.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
^ "American Academy of Arts and Sciences - Edward Ira Solomon". Archived from the original on 2021-06-10.
^ a b c Zagorski, N. (2006). "Profile of Edward I. Solomon". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (35): 12963–12965. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10312963Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.0606007103. PMC 1559735. PMID 16924096.
^ a b c Zagorski, Nick (2006-08-29). "Profile of Edward I. Solomon". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (35): 12963–12965. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10312963Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.0606007103. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1559735. PMID 16924096.
^ Solomon, Edward I.; McClure, Donald S. (1972-09-01). "Jahn-Teller Effect in the $^{4}T_{1g}(I)$ State of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{++}$ in RbMn${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$. II". Physical Review B. 6 (5): 1697–1708. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.6.1697.
^ Solomon, Edward I.; McClure, Donald S. (1974-06-01). "Comparison of the Jahn-Teller effect in four triply degenerate states of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{++}$ in RbMn${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$". Physical Review B. 9 (11): 4690–4718. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.9.4690.
^ Solomon, Edward I.; Ballhausen, C. J. (1975-01-01). "Identification of the structure of the 3T1g (I) ← 3A2g band in the Ni(H2O)6 ++ complex". Molecular Physics. 29 (1): 279–299. doi:10.1080/00268977500100191. ISSN 0026-8976.
^ Allendorf, M D; Spira, D J; Solomon, E I (1985). "Low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism studies of native laccase: spectroscopic evidence for exogenous ligand bridging at a trinuclear copper active site". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 82 (10): 3063–3067. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82.3063A. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.10.3063. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 397714. PMID 2987909.
^ Wilcox, Dean E.; Porras, Arturo G.; Hwang, Yeong T.; Lerch, Konrad; Winkler, Marjorie E.; Solomon, Edward I. (1985). "Substrate analog binding to the coupled binuclear copper active site in tyrosinase". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 107 (13): 4015–4027. doi:10.1021/ja00299a043. ISSN 0002-7863.
^ Allendorf, M. D.; Spira, D. J.; Solomon, E. I. (1985-05-01). "Low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism studies of native laccase: spectroscopic evidence for exogenous ligand bridging at a trinuclear copper active site". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 82 (10): 3063–3067. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82.3063A. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.10.3063. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 397714. PMID 2987909.
^ Glaser, Thorsten; Hedman, Britt; Hodgson, Keith O.; Solomon, Edward I. (2000-12-01). "Ligand K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: A Direct Probe of Ligand−Metal Covalency". Accounts of Chemical Research. 33 (12): 859–868. doi:10.1021/ar990125c. ISSN 0001-4842. PMID 11123885.
^ Wang, Linda. "Alfred Bader Award In Bioinorganic Or Bioorganic Chemistry: Edward I. Solomon | Chemical & Engineering News". cen.acs.org. Retrieved 2016-10-09.
^ "Faculty | Department of Chemistry". Archived from the original on 2015-05-11. Retrieved 2015-05-08.
External links
Interview for Voices of Inorganic Chemistry, 2011 (YouTube link)
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Norway
France
BnF data
Israel
United States
Czech Republic
Netherlands
Academics
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Google Scholar
ORCID
Other
IdRef
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Edward Solomon (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Solomon_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"Monroe E. 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Karlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Karlin_(chemist)"}],"text":"For other people named Edward Solomon, see Edward Solomon (disambiguation).Edward I. Solomon (born 1946) is the Monroe E. Spaght Professor of Chemistry at Stanford University. He is an elected member of the United States National Academy of Sciences,[1] a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[2][3] He has been profiled in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.[4] He has also been a longtime collaborator with many scientists, including Professor Kenneth D. Karlin at Johns Hopkins University.","title":"Edward I. Solomon"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"North Miami Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Miami_Beach,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida"},{"link_name":"University of Miami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Miami"},{"link_name":"indoles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indole"},{"link_name":"Westinghouse Science Talent Search","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Science_Talent_Search"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-5"},{"link_name":"Renesselaer Polytechnic Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-5"},{"link_name":"Princeton University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University"},{"link_name":"physical chemist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_chemistry"},{"link_name":"Jahn–Teller effect","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahn%E2%80%93Teller_effect"},{"link_name":"Mn2+","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Thomas G. Spiro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_G._Spiro&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Harry B. Gray","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_B._Gray"},{"link_name":"Hans Christian Ørsted Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted_Institute"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Caltech","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology"},{"link_name":"Harry B. Gray","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_B._Gray"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"}],"text":"Solomon grew up in North Miami Beach, Florida. In his junior year of high school, he became involved in a local program that allowed exceptional students to work with university professors. Solomon conducted research with a professor at the University of Miami, using biochemistry and chromatography to study indoles, which led to him becoming Florida's first-ever finalist for the Westinghouse Science Talent Search in 1964.[5]He then studied chemistry at Renesselaer Polytechnic Institute, graduating with a B.S. degree in 1968. During his undergraduate, he worked with Prof. Sam Wait and Prof. Henry Hollinger in theoretical chemistry.[5] Solomon went on to Princeton University to conduct graduate studies with physical chemist Prof. Donald McClure, where he studied the Jahn–Teller effect in the excited states of Mn2+ ions in RbMnF3.[6][7] Shortly after Solomon received his Ph.D. in chemistry in 1972, his advisor McClure went on sabbatical and asked Solomon to stay and help oversee his research group. At this time, McClure and Prof. Thomas G. Spiro hosted a symposium that hosted many leaders in physical inorganic chemistry. It was at this symposium that Solomon decided he wanted to work with Prof. Harry B. Gray during his post-doctoral studies.Solomon spent a year in Copenhagen, Denmark at the Hans Christian Ørsted Institute to work as a postdoctoral fellow under Prof. Carl J. Ballhausen.[8] He then moved to Caltech with to do postdoctoral research with Prof. Harry B. Gray from 1974 to 1975.[2]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-5"},{"link_name":"Stanford University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"azurin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azurin"},{"link_name":"plastocyanin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastocyanin"},{"link_name":"laccase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laccase"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Laccase-9"},{"link_name":"non-heme iron enzymes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-heme_iron_protein"},{"link_name":"(4-hydroxy)mandelate synthase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-hydroxymandelate_synthase"},{"link_name":"(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate dioxygenase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate_dioxygenase"},{"link_name":"magnetic circular dichroism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_circular_dichroism"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pnasprofile-4"}],"text":"Solomon began his independent career in late 1975 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an assistant professor, where he continued to study blue copper proteins.[5] In 1981, he was promoted to the rank of full professor, and in 1982 he moved to Stanford University.[2] At this point, bioinorganic chemistry became the dominant focus of his laboratory.Solomon's research focuses on characterization of metal-containing enzymes. These include copper-containing enzymes such as azurin, plastocyanin and laccase,[9] as well as non-heme iron enzymes such as (4-hydroxy)mandelate synthase and (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate dioxygenase. He is an expert in magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy.[4]","title":"Research"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"tyrosinase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosinase"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"laccase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laccase"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"entatic state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entatic_state"},{"link_name":"magnetic circular dichroism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_circular_dichroism"},{"link_name":"non-heme iron enzyme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-heme_iron_protein"},{"link_name":"x-ray absorption spectroscopy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_absorption_spectroscopy"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"sub_title":"Research highlights","text":"Elucidation of the tyrosinase dicopper active site mechanism[10]\nDemonstration that a trinuclear copper active site exists in the laccase enzyme[11]\nDemonstration of the entatic state of the blue copper protein\nDevelopment of Variable Temperature, Variable Field (VTVH) magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy to study non-heme iron enzyme active sites\nDevelopment of metal L-edge and ligand K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate metal-ligand covalency.[12]","title":"Research"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloan_Research_Fellowship"},{"link_name":"NIH MERIT Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIH_MERIT_Award"},{"link_name":"Remsen Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remsen_Award"},{"link_name":"University of Chicago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Chicago"},{"link_name":"Max-Planck Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max-Planck_Institute"},{"link_name":"University of Illinois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"Chemical Research Society of India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_Research_Society_of_India"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"American Chemical Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemical_Society"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow, 1976–79\nDupont and General Electric Young Faculty Awards, 1979–80\nJSPS Fellow (1995, 2002, 2009)\nNIH MERIT Award (1995 & 2002)\nRemsen Award (1994)\nWheland Medal, University of Chicago (2000)\nFrontiers in Biological Chemistry Award, Max-Planck Institute (2001)\nBailar Medal, University of Illinois (2007)\nThomas Chemistry Scholar (2007)\nIra Remsen Award\nKosolapoff Award\n\nDean's Award for Distinguished Teaching, Stanford University (1990)[2]\nACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry (2001)[2]\nCentenary Medal and Lectureship, Royal Society of Chemistry (2003)[2]\nACS Award for Distinguished Service in the Advancement of Inorganic Chemistry (2006)[2]\nChakravorty Award & Lecturership, Chemical Research Society of India (2008)[2]\nAlfred Bader Award in Bioinorganic or Bioorganic Chemistry, American Chemical Society (2016)[13]\n\nAssociate editor, Inorganic Chemistry\nEditorial Advisory Board Member for 14 journals [14]\nMcElvain (1983), World Bank (1984), O. K. Rice (1984), Reilly (1986), Frontiers (1990), 1st Seaborg (1990), Frontiers in Chemistry (1991), ACS (1992), National Science Council (1993), Xerox (1994), Leermakers (1994), Amoco (1995), Kahn (1996), Golden Jubilee (1996), Karcher (1997), FMC (1998), Colloquium 3eme Cycle (1998), A.D. Little (1998), Aldrich (2001), Hill Memorial (2003), Cady (2003), Kieler Woche (2003), Crawford (2004), Walton (2005), Endicott/Rorabacker Frontier (2006), Dawson (2007), Frontiers (2007), Procter & Gamble (2008), Andreas Albrecht (2009), Hans B. Jonassen (2009), Harteck (2009), Sunney Chan (2009) Faraday (2010), Vaughan (2011), Hans Freeman (2012), Ross (2013) Lectures","title":"Awards"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science"},{"link_name":"American Academy of Arts and Sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences"},{"link_name":"National Academy of Sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pnasprofile-4"},{"link_name":"American Chemical Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemical_Society"}],"text":"Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1981)\nFellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1998)\nMember of the National Academy of Sciences (2005)[1][4]\nFellow of the American Chemical Society (2009)","title":"Professional memberships"}]
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PMID 16924096.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559735","url_text":"\"Profile of Edward I. Solomon\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PNAS..10312963Z","url_text":"2006PNAS..10312963Z"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0606007103","url_text":"10.1073/pnas.0606007103"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424","url_text":"0027-8424"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559735","url_text":"1559735"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16924096","url_text":"16924096"}]},{"reference":"Solomon, Edward I.; McClure, Donald S. (1972-09-01). \"Jahn-Teller Effect in the $^{4}T_{1g}(I)$ State of ${\\mathrm{Mn}}^{++}$ in RbMn${\\mathrm{F}}_{3}$. II\". Physical Review B. 6 (5): 1697–1708. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.6.1697.","urls":[{"url":"https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.6.1697","url_text":"\"Jahn-Teller Effect in the $^{4}T_{1g}(I)$ State of ${\\mathrm{Mn}}^{++}$ in RbMn${\\mathrm{F}}_{3}$. II\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.6.1697","url_text":"10.1103/PhysRevB.6.1697"}]},{"reference":"Solomon, Edward I.; McClure, Donald S. (1974-06-01). \"Comparison of the Jahn-Teller effect in four triply degenerate states of ${\\mathrm{Mn}}^{++}$ in RbMn${\\mathrm{F}}_{3}$\". Physical Review B. 9 (11): 4690–4718. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.9.4690.","urls":[{"url":"https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.9.4690","url_text":"\"Comparison of the Jahn-Teller effect in four triply degenerate states of ${\\mathrm{Mn}}^{++}$ in RbMn${\\mathrm{F}}_{3}$\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.9.4690","url_text":"10.1103/PhysRevB.9.4690"}]},{"reference":"Solomon, Edward I.; Ballhausen, C. J. (1975-01-01). \"Identification of the structure of the 3T1g (I) ← 3A2g band in the Ni(H2O)6 ++ complex\". Molecular Physics. 29 (1): 279–299. doi:10.1080/00268977500100191. ISSN 0026-8976.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00268977500100191","url_text":"\"Identification of the structure of the 3T1g (I) ← 3A2g band in the Ni(H2O)6 ++ complex\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00268977500100191","url_text":"10.1080/00268977500100191"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0026-8976","url_text":"0026-8976"}]},{"reference":"Allendorf, M D; Spira, D J; Solomon, E I (1985). \"Low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism studies of native laccase: spectroscopic evidence for exogenous ligand bridging at a trinuclear copper active site\". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 82 (10): 3063–3067. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82.3063A. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.10.3063. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 397714. PMID 2987909.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC397714","url_text":"\"Low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism studies of native laccase: spectroscopic evidence for exogenous ligand bridging at a trinuclear copper active site\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985PNAS...82.3063A","url_text":"1985PNAS...82.3063A"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.82.10.3063","url_text":"10.1073/pnas.82.10.3063"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424","url_text":"0027-8424"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC397714","url_text":"397714"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2987909","url_text":"2987909"}]},{"reference":"Wilcox, Dean E.; Porras, Arturo G.; Hwang, Yeong T.; Lerch, Konrad; Winkler, Marjorie E.; Solomon, Edward I. (1985). \"Substrate analog binding to the coupled binuclear copper active site in tyrosinase\". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 107 (13): 4015–4027. doi:10.1021/ja00299a043. ISSN 0002-7863.","urls":[{"url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ja00299a043","url_text":"\"Substrate analog binding to the coupled binuclear copper active site in tyrosinase\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja00299a043","url_text":"10.1021/ja00299a043"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7863","url_text":"0002-7863"}]},{"reference":"Allendorf, M. D.; Spira, D. J.; Solomon, E. I. (1985-05-01). \"Low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism studies of native laccase: spectroscopic evidence for exogenous ligand bridging at a trinuclear copper active site\". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 82 (10): 3063–3067. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82.3063A. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.10.3063. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 397714. 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(2000-12-01). \"Ligand K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: A Direct Probe of Ligand−Metal Covalency\". Accounts of Chemical Research. 33 (12): 859–868. doi:10.1021/ar990125c. ISSN 0001-4842. PMID 11123885.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ar990125c","url_text":"\"Ligand K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: A Direct Probe of Ligand−Metal Covalency\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021%2Far990125c","url_text":"10.1021/ar990125c"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0001-4842","url_text":"0001-4842"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11123885","url_text":"11123885"}]},{"reference":"Wang, Linda. \"Alfred Bader Award In Bioinorganic Or Bioorganic Chemistry: Edward I. Solomon | Chemical & Engineering News\". cen.acs.org. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2013_Karachi_bombing
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Terrorist incidents in Pakistan in 2013
|
["1 January","2 February","3 March","4 April","5 May","6 June","7 July","8 August","9 September","10 October","11 November","12 December","13 References"]
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vteTerrorist attacksin Pakistan (since 2001) Italics indicates attacks resulting in more than 40 deaths ‡ indicates attacks resulting in more than 100 deaths Underline indicates the deadliest terrorist attack/s to date2001
1st Bahawalpur
2002
1st Karachi
2003
1st Quetta
2004
2nd Quetta
1st Multan
2005
1st Mandi Bahauddin (Ahmadiyya)
2006
4th Karachi
Dargai
2007
1st Dera Ismail Khan
1st Charsadda
July bombings ‡
2nd Rawalpindi
5th Karachi ‡
2nd Charsadda
3rd Rawalpindi (Bhutto assassination)
2008
3rd Charsadda
2nd Parachinar
1st Swat
1st Islamabad
2nd Islamabad
2nd Dera Ismail Khan
1st Wah
1st Peshawar
3rd Islamabad
1st Orakzai ‡
2nd Peshawar
2009
4th/5th Dera Ismail Khan (January violence)
6th Dera Ismail Khan
2nd Lahore (Sri Lankan cricket)
1st Khyber
3rd Lahore
Chakwal
7th/8th Dera Ismail Khan (May attacks)
4th Lahore
3rd Peshawar
5th Lahore
Usterzai
4th Peshawar
4th Rawalpindi
Alpuri
6th Lahore
5th Islamabad
5th Peshawar ‡
5th Rawalpindi
6th Peshawar
6th Rawalpindi
7th Lahore
1st Dera Ghazi Khan
1st Lower Dir
6th Karachi
2010
1st Lakki Marwat ‡
1st Bajaur
2nd Lower Dir
7th Karachi
2nd Khyber
3rd Khyber
8th, 9th & 10th Lahore
U.S consulate/Timergarah attack
2nd/3rd Kohat
8th Peshawar
11th Lahore (Ahmadiyya)
9th Dera Ismail Khan
12th Lahore (Sufi)
1st Mohmand ‡
13th Lahore (Shia)
3rd Quetta
2nd Darra Adam Khel
8th Karachi (CID)
2nd Mohmand
2nd Bajaur
2011
Faisalabad
9th Peshawar
2nd Dera Ghazi Khan
4th Quetta
4th Charsadda
9th Karachi (PNS Mehran)
10th Peshawar
10th Dera Ismail Khan (police station)
4th Khyber
5th Quetta
Karachi targeted killings ‡
1st Mastung
2012
5th Khyber
1st Rahim Yar Khan
1st Kohistan
Mansehra
13th Peshawar (airport)
11th Dera Ismail Khan
2013
8th Quetta/3rd Swat ‡
9th Quetta
10th Karachi
Election day
Quaid-e-Azam residency
10th Quetta
Mardan
Nanga Parbat
11th Quetta/17th Peshawar
14th Lahore
5th Parachinar
12th Dera Ismail Khan (prison attack)
11th Karachi
12th Quetta
13th Quetta
18th Peshawar ‡
19th Peshawar
2014
12th Karachi (Chaudhry Aslam assassination)
1st Bannu
2nd Mastung
20th Peshawar
13th Karachi (Jinnah International Airport)
14th Quetta
Wagah border
21st Peshawar (school massacre) ‡
2015
Shikarpur
22nd Peshawar
15th Lahore
14th Karachi
3rd Mastung
Attock
Camp Badaber
Taunsa Sharif
15th Quetta
Jacobabad
6th Parachinar
2016
16th Quetta
5th Charsadda (Bacha Khan University)
23rd Peshawar
16th Lahore
17th Quetta
3rd Mohmand
18th Quetta
2nd Khuzdar
2017
13th Dera Ismail Khan
7th Parachinar
17th Lahore
24th Peshawar
Sehwan
6th Charsadda
8th Parachinar
18th Lahore
25th Peshawar
4th Mastung
19th Quetta/9th Parachinar
Chaman
19th Lahore
20th Lahore
4th Bajaur
20th Quetta
1st Harnai
14th Dera Ismail Khan (Ataullah Shah)
Jhal Magsi
27th Peshawar
21st Quetta
2018
28th Peshawar
5th Mastung/2nd Bannu ‡
15th Dera Ismail Khan
2018 election violence
22nd Quetta
2nd Orakzai
15th Karachi (Chinese consulate)
2019
1st Loralai
2nd Loralai/Panjgur
23rd Quetta
20th Lahore
1st Gwadar
2020
24th Quetta
25th Quetta
16th Karachi (Stock Exchange)
2021
2021 Machh attack
3rd Chaman
26th Quetta (Serena Hotel)
21st Lahore
17th Karachi
27th Quetta
28th Quetta
2022
22nd Lahore
1st Kech
Panjgur and Naushki
29th Quetta
Sibi
29th Peshawar
Sangan
18th Karachi
19th Karachi
1st Miranshah
4th Swat
2nd Lakki Marwat
30th Quetta
2nd Miranshah
3rd Bannu
7th Islamabad
2023
31st Peshawar
20th Karachi
Barkhan
Bolan
Havelian
3rd Lakki Marwat
8th Khyber
31st Quetta
Muslim Bagh
32nd Peshawar
Zhob
1st N Waziristan
Bara
Khar
2nd N Waziristan
6th Mastung
Hangu
16th Dera Ismail Khan
2nd Gwadar
Mianwali
Chilas
Daraban]
2024
2024 Balochistan
BLA Gwadar attack
Shangla
Lakki Marwat
Main articles: 2013 in Pakistan and Terrorism in Pakistan
This is a list of terrorist incidents in Pakistan in 2013. Some of the incidents are sectarian in nature and the TTP is responsible for a majority of them.
January
January 1 — Malik Mukhtar Hussain, was a prominent licensed organizer of Shia processions and majalis in Chiniot. He was gunned down in an Imambargah on 31 December 2012 by six armed men. After few days, an injured 16 years old Moazam Ali martyred. He was admitted at local hospital.
January 1 — A bomb mounted to a motorcycle exploded near Ayesha Manzil in Karachi after the address of MQM by Dr. Tahir-ul-Qadri, killing four people and injured more than 45.
January 4 — Haider and Jamal, twin brothers, were going to the university on January 2, 2013, when unknown gunmen attacked them. Haider Lateef Qadri, who along with his twin brother Jamal Jafar Qadri, had suffered gunshot wounds died at a private hospital on Friday. His brother (jamal) had expired on the spot. The 20-year-old BCom student and his brother were attacked by two motorcyclists at the intersection of Mirza Adam Khan Road in Agra Taj Colony. Haider had been under treatment for three days. The motive behind the attack remains unclear.
January 9 — A private school owner was shot dead in North Karachi in what police described as a ‘sectarian’ attack on Wednesday morning. Engineer Syed Ali Hyder Jafri, a 48-year-old shia muslim, was shot dead in Sector 11-A, North Karachi, after he dropped his wife to a campus of their school, said an official at the Sir Syed police station. "It was surly a sectarian killing considering the ongoing spate of the killings in the city," the SP said. Another incident took place in Peshawar when Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) president for Kurram Agency Dr. Riaz Hussain was gunned down in Dabgari Garden near his clinic. He belonged to an influential Sadat family of Parachinar and had much influence over Shia Muslims in the province. Zawar Shah, a Hazara Shia Muslim, was targeted outside his shop on Seerat Chowk, Khuzdar, Balochistan. He is a resident of Quetta and, according to reports, that's where his body is being taken.
January 10 — Four bombings in Quetta and the Swat Valley killed over a hundred people and injured an estimated 270. Many of the casualties were caused by the second blast as police and media rushed to the scene. The bombed area is predominantly Shia Muslim. The banned Sunni group Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ) claimed responsibility for the attack in a predominantly Shi'ite neighborhood where the residents are ethnic Hazara.
Main article: January 2013 Pakistan bombings
January 23 — Five people were killed and 3 injured in a blast in Orakzai Agency.
January 24 — At least six people including three policemen were killed and seven injured after twin blasts in Karachi.
January 30 — At least 3 people were killed and 4 injured in a blast outside a commercial plaza in Karachi at night.
January 31 — Two polio vaccination doctors died in a roadside bomb blast in Waziristan on their way to Khurram.
February
February 1 — A suicide blast killed 19 people and wounded 45 in a market targeting Shias outside a mosque in Hangu. The death toll was reported variously above 20 and up to 24.
February 7 — A policeman was killed and five other were wounded in a bomb attack targeting a police van in Karachi's Orangi Town.
February 8 — A bomb exploded near a marketplace in Kalaya, Orakzai, killing 16 people, and Baloch militants fired rocket-propelled grenades, killing one soldier and sounding five others in Turbat district, Balochistan.
February 11 — At least six persons including an Assistant Sub Inspector were killed on Monday in various target killings in Karachi.
February 14 — Seven people died in a blast at a police checkpoint in Hangu. Later the toll rose to 11. Then seven militia men were killed in a bomb attack on an anti-Taliban tribe. Two passenger vehicles were struck by landmines killing 9 people near Hassan Khel, Orakzai region. At least six suicide bombers were killed while attacking a police station outside Bannu.
February 16 — Pakistani police have said 83 people killed on Saturday, saying a suicide bomber was behind the attack that pulverized a busy marketplace in Quetta. The death toll rose to 91 after two days.
Main article: February 2013 Quetta bombing
February 17 — Eight people were killed in target killings in Karachi on Sunday, Dawn reported the next day.
February 18 — gunmen in police uniforms attacked the compound of a senior government official killing four security guards were killed in Peshawar. Two explosions occurred. Eight more people died in targeted killings in Karachi. Two blasts in Karachi injured at least two people. In a separate incident, prominent Professor of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Dr. Syed Ali Haider and his 11-year-old son, Murtaza, were shot dead, while on the way to Murtaza's school. It is suspected that the attacks were carried out by the banned Sunni extremist group, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ).
February 26 — A police official says a blast at a Sufi shrine in southern Pakistan has killed two people.
March
March 3 — A powerful explosion ripped through a crowd of Shiites as they left a mosque in Karachi, Pakistan's largest city, on Sunday, killing at least 45 people.
Main article: March 2013 Karachi bombing
March 9 — A blast happened in the Jamia Chishtia mosque during Zuhr prayer in Peshawar, killed four at board and at least twenty seven injuries. Bomb was detonated in the walls of mosque.
March 11 — A suicide bomber blew himself up near a police van in northwestern Pakistan on Tuesday, killing at least two people and wounding 10, police said.
March 15 — Pakistan officials say a bomb blast in the country's largest city Karachi has killed three people and wounded five others.
March 18 — A suicide bomber blew himself up in a courtroom in the north-westPakistani city of Peshawar, killing four people and wounding 47 others, officials said.
March 21 — A car bomb exploded amid scores of people lining up at a food distribution center in northwest Pakistan on Thursday, killing at least 17 people and injuring 28 others in what appeared to be a rare attack on Pakistanis displaced by the country's war against insurgents
March 22 — A bomb planted on a motorbike killed six people and wounded another 15 on Friday in a crowded Pakistani market in troubled southwestern province Baluchistan, police said.
March 24 — At least 17 Pakistani soldiers were killed when a suicide bomber rammed an explosives-laden water tanker into a check post in the restive North Waziristan tribal region of the country.
March 29 — Twelve people were killed and 28 others sustained injuries when a suicide bomber attacked the convoy of the commandant of Frontier Constabulary (FC) near an army checkpost on the Fakhr-e-Alam Road in Peshawar Cantonment here on Friday.
March 30 — A suicide bomber on Saturday struck a police patrol in a town of Peshawar in northwestern Pakistan, killing a policeman and wounding six others, police said.
March 31 — The principal of a private secondary school in Ittehad Town was killed and several children, including his daughter, were injured after an attack and shooting at the school on Saturday morning in Karachi.
March 31 — Two persons were killed and six others, including a former provincial legislator, injured in a bomb blast in Pakistan's restive northwest on Sunday, police said.
April
April 2 — At least 7 people have been killed in an attack by dozens of militants on an electricity plant in the Pakistani city of Peshawar, officials say.
April 4 — Suspected militants threw a grenade at a vehicle carrying paramilitary security officers in Karachi (southern Pakistan) on Wednesday, killing 3 and wounding 3 others.
April 10 — Gunmen shot to death a policeman protecting a team of female polio workers in northwestern Pakistan on Wednesday, the latest in a series of attacks on people working on the U.N.-backed vaccination campaign, police said.
April 11 — Fakhrul Islam, A Muttahida Qaumi Movement leader, who was a candidate for Pakistan's upcoming polls, was shot dead by unidentified gunmen in southern Sindh province on Thursday, police said.
April 13 — A bomb planted in a bus killed at least 8 passengers and wounded 7 others in northwestern Pakistan on Saturday, police said.
April 14 — A Pakistani police officer says a bomb blast has killed a local leader in an anti-Taliban political party ANP in the northwestern Swat valley.
April 16 — QUETTA: At least 4 people were killed, including the son of the provincial chief of the Pakistan Muslim League – Nawaz (PML-N) Sanaullah Zehri, when a blast targeted his convoy in restive Balochistan's Khuzdar district.
April 16 — At least 17 people including policemen and minors were killed and near 60 more wounded in a suicide bomb blast that tore through an Awami National Party (ANP) corner meeting in Peshawar on Tuesday evening.
April 21 — A woman suicide bomber today detonated a bomb outside a hospital in a lawless tribal area of northwest Pakistan, killing at least 4 people and injuring five others.
April 24 — Eight bomb explosions in 24 hours in Pakistan's three provincial capitals left 11 people dead and around 60 injured, heightening security fears ahead of the May 11 general election in the country, according to police and media reports.
April 25 — A bomb exploded outside an election office of MQM, one of Pakistan's main political parties Thursday evening, killing five people and wounding 9 in the latest attack ahead of the nation's May 11 elections in Karachi.
April 27 — A bomb exploded on Friday near the office of a main Pakistan political party that had received threats from the Taliban, killing nine people in the latest attack in the run-up to next month's parliamentary election.
April 28 — Bomb blasts targeting the election offices of two candidates in northwest Pakistan killed at least 11 people and injured 30 Sunday, the latest in a string of terror attacks that have cast a shadow over parliamentary elections slated for mid-May.
April 29 — Pakistani authorities say a suicide bomber targeting policemen has killed 8 people in the main northwestern city of Peshawar.
May
May 4 — Three people have been killed by two blasts near the offices of a political party (MQM) in the Pakistani city of Karachi.
May 6 — A suicide bomber targeted an election rally organized by a religious party Jamiat Ulema-e- Islam in Pakistan on Monday, killing 25 people & wounding 65, officials said.
May 7 — A suicide bomber killed at least nine people and wounded a candidate campaigning in northwest Pakistan town of Hangu on Tuesday.
May 8 — Officials in northwestern Pakistan say a suicide car bomber has killed two people and wounded at least 23.
May 11 — Bomb attacks kill 29 on Pakistan Election.
May 12 — At least six people were killed and 45 got injured in a suicide car attack on Balochistan province 's police chief house in Pakistan's southwest city of Quetta on Sunday night.
May 17 — Blasts targeting two mosques in northwestern Pakistan on Friday have left 15 people dead and others injured, a police official said.
June
June 15 — Quaid-e-Azam Residency attacked and series of bombing in Quetta.
June 18 — a suicide bomber detonated his vest at a funeral in Shergarh , Mardan in northwest Pakistan, killing at least 34 people and injuring over 60 people. The attack took place at a funeral prayer service for Abdullah Khan, who owned a compressed natural gas station. One of the people killed in the attack was Imran Khan Mohmand, who was previously an independent MPA.
June 20 — a suicide bomber blew himself up at a Shiite mosque, killing 15 people and injuring over 20. The attack happened in the Shiite area known as Gulshan Colony. The attacker is believed to have been a Sunni Muslim. Three people were suspected of carrying out the attacks. The perpetrators first gunned down a police officer and a security guard, before the suicide bomber went into the mosque. There were reportedly around 300 people worshiping inside the mosque. The president of Pakistan, Asif Ali Zardari, commented about the attack saying, "Such cowardly and heinous acts by the militants cannot weaken the nation's resolve to pursue its struggle against militancy."
June 23 — an attack on Foreign tourists in Nanga Parbat in which 10 foreign tourists were killed.
June 26 — Bomb attacks in Pakistan killed 10 people and wounded nine others on Wednesday, including a senior judge who was critically injured following a blast in the business capital Karachi, officials said.
June 30 — At least 52 people have been killed in Pakistan, on the same day Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and British counterpart David Cameron met to discuss security.
July
July 6 — A time-device bomb blast occurred in the food street of the Old Anarkali district, in the eastern city of Lahore, Pakistan. The blast killed five people and injured dozens of others. The blast was triggered by a time-device bomb. The blast occurred on the night of Saturday on 6 July 2013. Two people died on the spot while three succumbed to their injuries at Mayo Hospital on Sunday, bringing the death toll to five. The deaths were confirmed by police and Rescue 1122 officials. Mirza Taimoor, a student of GC university Lahore was also injured severely in this incident.
July 7 — A blast in a food street in the Anarkali area of Lahore killed three people and injured dozens of others.
July 8 — At least nine people, including two bomb disposal officers were killed in two separate blasts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.
July 10 — President Asif Ali Zardari's chief security officer and two others was killed in a bomb attack in Karachi.
July 11 — A Bomb explodes near minority Shiite mosque in northwest Pakistan killed two people and injured six others.
July 15 — Motorcycle-riding gunmen killed seven people in the restive Pakistani city of Quetta on Monday, with four members of the country's Hazara religious minority among the victims, police said.
July 20 — Blasts in Karachi kill four people.
July 27 — A twin suicide bomb blast in Parachinar market killed 60 people and 200.
July 29 — Militants attacked on Central Jail in Dera Ismail Khan and freed more than 300 prisoners. TTP claimed responsibility of attack.
August
August 7 Eleven teenagers were killed and twenty-six others were injured while playing football at a market in Karachi. The bombing took place in the Lyari District of Karachi. The bomb was targeted at provincial leader Javed Nagori, who was attending the match handing out prizes.
August 8 — A suicide bomber exploded at a funeral being held for a police officer. The bomb exploded in Quetta, Pakistan, and killed as many as thirty-one people and injured over fifty people.
August 9 - Four gunmen opened fire at a mosque in Quetta while people were exiting the mosque. As a result, at least ten people were killed and thirty more people were injured. It is suspected that the target in the shooting was former Pakistan Peoples Party minister Ali Madad Jatak. This shooting occurred during the time when many Pakistani citizens were celebrating Eid al-Fitr.
September
September 6 — 7 shia people killed with firing in jassoki Punjab.
September 15 — Major General Sanaullah Niazi, in charge of military operations in Swat, was killed along with two subordinates in a bomb attack in Upper Dir district near the Afghan border.
September 22 — A twin suicide bomb blast in Peshawar church killed 78 people and 130.
September 27 — A bomb blast on a bus in Peshawar killed at least 19 people.
September 29 — A car bomb in the Qissa Khawani Bazaar of Peshawar killed at least 41 people.
October
October 10 — A blast occurred outside a restaurant in the busy Anarkali district of Lahore, killing one person and injuring 16 others. This was the second blast in Lahore this year, the earlier one also occurring in the Anarkali area on 7 July.
October 10 — A bomb explosion outside a city police station in Quetta killed 5 people and injured 37 others.
October 16 — Israr Ullah Khan Gandapur provincial Law minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was killed in a suicide bombing at his residence.
November
November 15 - The clashes erupted in Rawalpindi, when an Ashura procession in the main downtown area coincided with a sermon in a nearby mosque at least 8 dead and 44 injured.
December
December 17 — Suicide Blast outside an Imambargah situated in the Gracey Lines area Rawalpidni killed three people, including two policemen and left 14 injured.
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Waziristan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_North_Waziristan_suicide_bombing"},{"link_name":"Bara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Bara_bombing"},{"link_name":"Khar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Khar_bombing"},{"link_name":"2nd N Waziristan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_North_Waziristan_landmine_attack"},{"link_name":"6th Mastung","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Mastung_bombing"},{"link_name":"Hangu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangu_mosque_bombing"},{"link_name":"16th Dera Ismail Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Dera_Ismail_Khan_bombing"},{"link_name":"2nd Gwadar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Gwadar_ambush"},{"link_name":"Mianwali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mianwali_air_base_attack"},{"link_name":"Chilas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilas_bus_shooting"},{"link_name":"Daraban","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daraban_police_station_attack"},{"link_name":"2024","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_incidents_in_Pakistan_in_2024"},{"link_name":"2024 Balochistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Balochistan_bombings"},{"link_name":"BLA Gwadar attack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Gwadar_attack"},{"link_name":"Shangla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Shangla_bombing"},{"link_name":"Lakki Marwat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Lakki_Marwat_bombing"},{"link_name":"list of terrorist incidents","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_Pakistan_since_2001"},{"link_name":"Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan"},{"link_name":"TTP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"vteTerrorist attacksin Pakistan (since 2001) Italics indicates attacks resulting in more than 40 deaths ‡ indicates attacks resulting in more than 100 deaths Underline indicates the deadliest terrorist attack/s to date2001\n1st Bahawalpur\n2002\n1st Karachi\n2003\n1st Quetta\n2004\n2nd Quetta\n1st Multan\n2005\n1st Mandi Bahauddin (Ahmadiyya)\n2006\n4th Karachi\nDargai\n2007\n1st Dera Ismail Khan\n1st Charsadda\nJuly bombings ‡\n2nd Rawalpindi\n5th Karachi ‡\n2nd Charsadda\n3rd Rawalpindi (Bhutto assassination)\n2008\n3rd Charsadda\n2nd Parachinar\n1st Swat\n1st Islamabad\n2nd Islamabad\n2nd Dera Ismail Khan\n1st Wah\n1st Peshawar\n3rd Islamabad\n1st Orakzai ‡\n2nd Peshawar\n2009\n4th/5th Dera Ismail Khan (January violence)\n6th Dera Ismail Khan\n2nd Lahore (Sri Lankan cricket)\n1st Khyber\n3rd Lahore\nChakwal\n7th/8th Dera Ismail Khan (May attacks)\n4th Lahore\n3rd Peshawar\n5th Lahore\nUsterzai\n4th Peshawar\n4th Rawalpindi\nAlpuri\n6th Lahore\n5th Islamabad\n5th Peshawar ‡\n5th Rawalpindi\n6th Peshawar\n6th Rawalpindi\n7th Lahore\n1st Dera Ghazi Khan\n1st Lower Dir\n6th Karachi\n2010\n1st Lakki Marwat ‡\n1st Bajaur\n2nd Lower Dir\n7th Karachi\n2nd Khyber\n3rd Khyber\n8th, 9th & 10th Lahore\nU.S consulate/Timergarah attack\n2nd/3rd Kohat\n8th Peshawar\n11th Lahore (Ahmadiyya)\n9th Dera Ismail Khan\n12th Lahore (Sufi)\n1st Mohmand ‡\n13th Lahore (Shia)\n3rd Quetta\n2nd Darra Adam Khel\n8th Karachi (CID)\n2nd Mohmand\n2nd Bajaur\n2011\nFaisalabad\n9th Peshawar\n2nd Dera Ghazi Khan\n4th Quetta\n4th Charsadda\n9th Karachi (PNS Mehran)\n10th Peshawar\n10th Dera Ismail Khan (police station)\n4th Khyber\n5th Quetta\nKarachi targeted killings ‡\n1st Mastung\n2012\n5th Khyber\n1st Rahim Yar Khan\n1st Kohistan\nMansehra\n13th Peshawar (airport)\n11th Dera Ismail Khan\n2013\n8th Quetta/3rd Swat ‡\n9th Quetta\n10th Karachi\nElection day\nQuaid-e-Azam residency\n10th Quetta\nMardan\nNanga Parbat\n11th Quetta/17th Peshawar\n14th Lahore\n5th Parachinar\n12th Dera Ismail Khan (prison attack)\n11th Karachi\n12th Quetta\n13th Quetta\n18th Peshawar ‡\n19th Peshawar\n2014\n12th Karachi (Chaudhry Aslam assassination)\n1st Bannu\n2nd Mastung\n20th Peshawar\n13th Karachi (Jinnah International Airport)\n14th Quetta\nWagah border\n21st Peshawar (school massacre) ‡\n2015\nShikarpur\n22nd Peshawar\n15th Lahore\n14th Karachi\n3rd Mastung\nAttock\nCamp Badaber\nTaunsa Sharif\n15th Quetta\nJacobabad\n6th Parachinar\n2016\n16th Quetta\n5th Charsadda (Bacha Khan University)\n23rd Peshawar\n16th Lahore\n17th Quetta\n3rd Mohmand\n18th Quetta\n2nd Khuzdar\n2017\n13th Dera Ismail Khan\n7th Parachinar\n17th Lahore\n24th Peshawar\nSehwan\n6th Charsadda\n8th Parachinar\n18th Lahore\n25th Peshawar\n4th Mastung\n19th Quetta/9th Parachinar\nChaman\n19th Lahore\n20th Lahore\n4th Bajaur\n20th Quetta\n1st Harnai\n14th Dera Ismail Khan (Ataullah Shah)\nJhal Magsi\n27th Peshawar\n21st Quetta\n2018\n28th Peshawar\n5th Mastung/2nd Bannu ‡\n15th Dera Ismail Khan\n2018 election violence\n22nd Quetta\n2nd Orakzai\n15th Karachi (Chinese consulate)\n2019\n1st Loralai\n2nd Loralai/Panjgur\n23rd Quetta\n20th Lahore\n1st Gwadar\n2020\n24th Quetta\n25th Quetta\n16th Karachi (Stock Exchange)\n2021\n2021 Machh attack\n3rd Chaman\n26th Quetta (Serena Hotel)\n21st Lahore\n17th Karachi\n27th Quetta\n28th Quetta\n2022\n22nd Lahore\n1st Kech\nPanjgur and Naushki\n29th Quetta\nSibi\n29th Peshawar\nSangan\n18th Karachi\n19th Karachi\n1st Miranshah\n4th Swat\n2nd Lakki Marwat\n30th Quetta\n2nd Miranshah\n3rd Bannu\n7th Islamabad\n2023\n31st Peshawar\n20th Karachi\nBarkhan\nBolan\nHavelian\n3rd Lakki Marwat\n8th Khyber\n31st Quetta\nMuslim Bagh\n32nd Peshawar\nZhob\n1st N Waziristan\nBara\nKhar\n2nd N Waziristan\n6th Mastung\nHangu\n16th Dera Ismail Khan\n2nd Gwadar\nMianwali\nChilas\nDaraban]\n2024\n2024 Balochistan\nBLA Gwadar attack\nShangla\nLakki MarwatThis is a list of terrorist incidents in Pakistan in 2013. Some of the incidents are sectarian in nature and the TTP is responsible for a majority of them.[1]","title":"Terrorist incidents in Pakistan in 2013"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chiniot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiniot"},{"link_name":"Imambargah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussainia"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Karachi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi"},{"link_name":"MQM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muttahida_Qaumi_Movement_%E2%80%93_Pakistan"},{"link_name":"Tahir-ul-Qadri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahir-ul-Qadri"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Karachi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi"},{"link_name":"muslim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Pakistan Peoples Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party"},{"link_name":"Kurram Agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurram_Agency"},{"link_name":"Parachinar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parachinar"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Hazara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara_people"},{"link_name":"Shia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia"},{"link_name":"Khuzdar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzdar"},{"link_name":"Balochistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan"},{"link_name":"Quetta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Quetta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta"},{"link_name":"Swat Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swat_Valley"},{"link_name":"Shia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia"},{"link_name":"Lashkar-e-Jhangvi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lashkar-e-Jhangvi"},{"link_name":"Hazara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara_people"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"text":"January 1 — Malik Mukhtar Hussain, was a prominent licensed organizer of Shia processions and majalis in Chiniot. He was gunned down in an Imambargah on 31 December 2012 by six armed men. After few days, an injured 16 years old Moazam Ali martyred. He was admitted at local hospital.[2][3]\nJanuary 1 — A bomb mounted to a motorcycle exploded near Ayesha Manzil in Karachi after the address of MQM by Dr. Tahir-ul-Qadri, killing four people and injured more than 45.[4][5]\nJanuary 4 — Haider and Jamal, twin brothers, were going to the university on January 2, 2013, when unknown gunmen attacked them. Haider Lateef Qadri, who along with his twin brother Jamal Jafar Qadri, had suffered gunshot wounds died at a private hospital on Friday. His brother (jamal) had expired on the spot. The 20-year-old BCom student and his brother were attacked by two motorcyclists at the intersection of Mirza Adam Khan Road in Agra Taj Colony. Haider had been under treatment for three days. The motive behind the attack remains unclear.[6][7]\nJanuary 9 — A private school owner was shot dead in North Karachi in what police described as a ‘sectarian’ attack on Wednesday morning. Engineer Syed Ali Hyder Jafri, a 48-year-old shia muslim, was shot dead in Sector 11-A, North Karachi, after he dropped his wife to a campus of their school, said an official at the Sir Syed police station. \"It was surly a sectarian killing considering the ongoing spate of the killings in the city,\" the SP said.[8][9] Another incident took place in Peshawar when Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) president for Kurram Agency Dr. Riaz Hussain was gunned down in Dabgari Garden near his clinic. He belonged to an influential Sadat family of Parachinar and had much influence over Shia Muslims in the province.[10] Zawar Shah, a Hazara Shia Muslim, was targeted outside his shop on Seerat Chowk, Khuzdar, Balochistan. He is a resident of Quetta and, according to reports, that's where his body is being taken.[11][12]\nJanuary 10 — Four bombings in Quetta and the Swat Valley killed over a hundred people and injured an estimated 270. Many of the casualties were caused by the second blast as police and media rushed to the scene. The bombed area is predominantly Shia Muslim. The banned Sunni group Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ) claimed responsibility for the attack in a predominantly Shi'ite neighborhood where the residents are ethnic Hazara.[13][14][15][16]January 23 — Five people were killed and 3 injured in a blast in Orakzai Agency.[17]\nJanuary 24 — At least six people including three policemen were killed and seven injured after twin blasts in Karachi.[18]\nJanuary 30 — At least 3 people were killed and 4 injured in a blast outside a commercial plaza in Karachi at night.[citation needed]\nJanuary 31 — Two polio vaccination doctors died in a roadside bomb blast in Waziristan on their way to Khurram.[19]","title":"January"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"Lashkar-e-Jhangvi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lashkar-e-Jhangvi"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"}],"text":"February 1 — A suicide blast killed 19 people and wounded 45 in a market targeting Shias outside a mosque in Hangu.[20] The death toll was reported variously above 20 and up to 24.[21][22][23]\nFebruary 7 — A policeman was killed and five other were wounded in a bomb attack targeting a police van in Karachi's Orangi Town.[24]\nFebruary 8 — A bomb exploded near a marketplace in Kalaya, Orakzai, killing 16 people, and Baloch militants fired rocket-propelled grenades, killing one soldier and sounding five others in Turbat district, Balochistan.[25]\nFebruary 11 — At least six persons including an Assistant Sub Inspector were killed on Monday in various target killings in Karachi.[26]\nFebruary 14 — Seven people died in a blast at a police checkpoint in Hangu.[27] Later the toll rose to 11.[28] Then seven militia men were killed in a bomb attack on an anti-Taliban tribe.[29] Two passenger vehicles were struck by landmines killing 9 people near Hassan Khel, Orakzai region.[30] At least six suicide bombers were killed while attacking a police station outside Bannu.[31]\nFebruary 16 — Pakistani police have said 83 people killed on Saturday, saying a suicide bomber was behind the attack that pulverized a busy marketplace in Quetta.[32] The death toll rose to 91 after two days.[33]February 17 — Eight people were killed in target killings in Karachi on Sunday, Dawn reported the next day.[34]\nFebruary 18 — gunmen in police uniforms attacked the compound of a senior government official killing four security guards were killed in Peshawar. Two explosions occurred.[35] Eight more people died in targeted killings in Karachi.[36] Two blasts in Karachi injured at least two people.[37] In a separate incident, prominent Professor of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Dr. Syed Ali Haider and his 11-year-old son, Murtaza, were shot dead, while on the way to Murtaza's school. It is suspected that the attacks were carried out by the banned Sunni extremist group, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ).[38][39]\nFebruary 26 — A police official says a blast at a Sufi shrine in southern Pakistan has killed two people.[40]","title":"February"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"Zuhr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuhr"},{"link_name":"Peshawar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshawar"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-51"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"}],"text":"March 3 — A powerful explosion ripped through a crowd of Shiites as they left a mosque in Karachi, Pakistan's largest city, on Sunday, killing at least 45 people.[41]March 9 — A blast happened in the Jamia Chishtia mosque during Zuhr prayer in Peshawar, killed four at board and at least twenty seven injuries. Bomb was detonated in the walls of mosque.[42]\nMarch 11 — A suicide bomber blew himself up near a police van in northwestern Pakistan on Tuesday, killing at least two people and wounding 10, police said.[43]\nMarch 15 — Pakistan officials say a bomb blast in the country's largest city Karachi has killed three people and wounded five others.[44]\nMarch 18 — A suicide bomber blew himself up in a courtroom in the north-westPakistani city of Peshawar, killing four people and wounding 47 others, officials said.[45]\nMarch 21 — A car bomb exploded amid scores of people lining up at a food distribution center in northwest Pakistan on Thursday, killing at least 17 people and injuring 28 others in what appeared to be a rare attack on Pakistanis displaced by the country's war against insurgents[46]\nMarch 22 — A bomb planted on a motorbike killed six people and wounded another 15 on Friday in a crowded Pakistani market in troubled southwestern province Baluchistan, police said.[47]\nMarch 24 — At least 17 Pakistani soldiers were killed when a suicide bomber rammed an explosives-laden water tanker into a check post in the restive North Waziristan tribal region of the country.[48]\nMarch 29 — Twelve people were killed and 28 others sustained injuries when a suicide bomber attacked the convoy of the commandant of Frontier Constabulary (FC) near an army checkpost on the Fakhr-e-Alam Road in Peshawar Cantonment here on Friday.[49]\nMarch 30 — A suicide bomber on Saturday struck a police patrol in a town of Peshawar in northwestern Pakistan, killing a policeman and wounding six others, police said.[50]\nMarch 31 — The principal of a private secondary school in Ittehad Town was killed and several children, including his daughter, were injured after an attack and shooting at the school on Saturday morning in Karachi.[51]\nMarch 31 — Two persons were killed and six others, including a former provincial legislator, injured in a bomb blast in Pakistan's restive northwest on Sunday, police said.[52]","title":"March"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-56"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-57"},{"link_name":"Sanaullah Zehri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaullah_Zehri"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-58"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-60"},{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-61"},{"link_name":"[62]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-62"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-63"},{"link_name":"[64]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-64"},{"link_name":"[65]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-65"}],"text":"April 2 — At least 7 people have been killed in an attack by dozens of militants on an electricity plant in the Pakistani city of Peshawar, officials say.[53]\nApril 4 — Suspected militants threw a grenade at a vehicle carrying paramilitary security officers in Karachi (southern Pakistan) on Wednesday, killing 3 and wounding 3 others.[54]\nApril 10 — Gunmen shot to death a policeman protecting a team of female polio workers in northwestern Pakistan on Wednesday, the latest in a series of attacks on people working on the U.N.-backed vaccination campaign, police said.[55]\nApril 11 — Fakhrul Islam, A Muttahida Qaumi Movement leader, who was a candidate for Pakistan's upcoming polls, was shot dead by unidentified gunmen in southern Sindh province on Thursday, police said.\nApril 13 — A bomb planted in a bus killed at least 8 passengers and wounded 7 others in northwestern Pakistan on Saturday, police said.[56]\nApril 14 — A Pakistani police officer says a bomb blast has killed a local leader in an anti-Taliban political party ANP in the northwestern Swat valley.[57]\nApril 16 — QUETTA: At least 4 people were killed, including the son of the provincial chief of the Pakistan Muslim League – Nawaz (PML-N) Sanaullah Zehri, when a blast targeted his convoy in restive Balochistan's Khuzdar district.[58]\nApril 16 — At least 17 people including policemen and minors were killed and near 60 more wounded in a suicide bomb blast that tore through an Awami National Party (ANP) corner meeting in Peshawar on Tuesday evening.[59]\nApril 21 — A woman suicide bomber today detonated a bomb outside a hospital in a lawless tribal area of northwest Pakistan, killing at least 4 people and injuring five others.[60]\nApril 24 — Eight bomb explosions in 24 hours in Pakistan's three provincial capitals left 11 people dead and around 60 injured, heightening security fears ahead of the May 11 general election in the country, according to police and media reports.[61]\nApril 25 — A bomb exploded outside an election office of MQM, one of Pakistan's main political parties Thursday evening, killing five people and wounding 9 in the latest attack ahead of the nation's May 11 elections in Karachi.[62]\nApril 27 — A bomb exploded on Friday near the office of a main Pakistan political party that had received threats from the Taliban, killing nine people in the latest attack in the run-up to next month's parliamentary election.[63]\nApril 28 — Bomb blasts targeting the election offices of two candidates in northwest Pakistan killed at least 11 people and injured 30 Sunday, the latest in a string of terror attacks that have cast a shadow over parliamentary elections slated for mid-May.[64]\nApril 29 — Pakistani authorities say a suicide bomber targeting policemen has killed 8 people in the main northwestern city of Peshawar.[65]","title":"April"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[66]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-66"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-67"},{"link_name":"suicide bomber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_May_2013_Syed_Janan_election_rally_bombing"},{"link_name":"[68]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-68"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-69"},{"link_name":"[70]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-70"},{"link_name":"[71]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-71"},{"link_name":"[72]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-72"}],"text":"May 4 — Three people have been killed by two blasts near the offices of a political party (MQM) in the Pakistani city of Karachi.[66]\nMay 6 — A suicide bomber targeted an election rally organized by a religious party Jamiat Ulema-e- Islam in Pakistan on Monday, killing 25 people & wounding 65, officials said.[67]\nMay 7 — A suicide bomber killed at least nine people and wounded a candidate campaigning in northwest Pakistan town of Hangu on Tuesday.[68]\nMay 8 — Officials in northwestern Pakistan say a suicide car bomber has killed two people and wounded at least 23.[69]\nMay 11 — Bomb attacks kill 29 on Pakistan Election.[70]\nMay 12 — At least six people were killed and 45 got injured in a suicide car attack on Balochistan province 's police chief house in Pakistan's southwest city of Quetta on Sunday night.[71]\nMay 17 — Blasts targeting two mosques in northwestern Pakistan on Friday have left 15 people dead and others injured, a police official said.[72]","title":"May"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Quaid-e-Azam Residency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Quaid-e-Azam_Residency_attack"},{"link_name":"bombing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2013_Quetta_attacks"},{"link_name":"Quetta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta"},{"link_name":"suicide bomber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attack"},{"link_name":"Shergarh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shergarh,_Mardan"},{"link_name":"Mardan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mardan"},{"link_name":"Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan"},{"link_name":"[73]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-73"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-74"},{"link_name":"[75]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-75"},{"link_name":"Imran Khan Mohmand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imran_Khan_Mohmand"},{"link_name":"[76]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-76"},{"link_name":"suicide bomber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_bomber"},{"link_name":"Shiite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiite"},{"link_name":"[77]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-77"},{"link_name":"[78]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-78"},{"link_name":"[79]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-79"},{"link_name":"Asif Ali Zardari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari"},{"link_name":"[80]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-80"},{"link_name":"Nanga Parbat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbat"},{"link_name":"foreign tourists were killed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Nanga_Parbat_tourist_shooting"},{"link_name":"killed 10 people and wounded nine others","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2013_Karachi_bombing"},{"link_name":"[81]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-81"},{"link_name":"At least 52 people","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2013_Pakistan_bombings"},{"link_name":"[82]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-82"}],"text":"June 15 — Quaid-e-Azam Residency attacked and series of bombing in Quetta.\nJune 18 — a suicide bomber detonated his vest at a funeral in Shergarh , Mardan in northwest Pakistan, killing at least 34 people and injuring over 60 people.[73] The attack took place at a funeral prayer service for Abdullah Khan, who owned a compressed natural gas station.[74][75] One of the people killed in the attack was Imran Khan Mohmand, who was previously an independent MPA.[76]\nJune 20 — a suicide bomber blew himself up at a Shiite mosque, killing 15 people and injuring over 20. The attack happened in the Shiite area known as Gulshan Colony. The attacker is believed to have been a Sunni Muslim.[77] Three people were suspected of carrying out the attacks. The perpetrators first gunned down a police officer and a security guard, before the suicide bomber went into the mosque.[78] There were reportedly around 300 people worshiping inside the mosque.[79] The president of Pakistan, Asif Ali Zardari, commented about the attack saying, \"Such cowardly and heinous acts by the militants cannot weaken the nation's resolve to pursue its struggle against militancy.\"[80]\nJune 23 — an attack on Foreign tourists in Nanga Parbat in which 10 foreign tourists were killed.\nJune 26 — Bomb attacks in Pakistan killed 10 people and wounded nine others on Wednesday, including a senior judge who was critically injured following a blast in the business capital Karachi, officials said.[81]\nJune 30 — At least 52 people have been killed in Pakistan, on the same day Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and British counterpart David Cameron met to discuss security.[82]","title":"June"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"time-device","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_bomb"},{"link_name":"food street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Food_street&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Old Anarkali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarkali_Bazaar"},{"link_name":"Lahore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore"},{"link_name":"Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan"},{"link_name":"[83]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-83"},{"link_name":"Mayo Hospital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayo_Hospital"},{"link_name":"Rescue 1122","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rescue_1122"},{"link_name":"[84]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hindu-84"},{"link_name":"Anarkali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarkali_Bazaar"},{"link_name":"Lahore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore"},{"link_name":"[85]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-85"},{"link_name":"[86]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-86"},{"link_name":"Asif Ali Zardari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari"},{"link_name":"[87]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-87"},{"link_name":"[88]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-88"},{"link_name":"[89]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-89"},{"link_name":"[90]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-90"},{"link_name":"Parachinar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parachinar"},{"link_name":"60 people and 200","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Parachinar_attack"},{"link_name":"attacked on Central Jail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dera_Ismail_Khan_prison_attack_of_2013"},{"link_name":"Dera Ismail Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dera_Ismail_Khan"}],"text":"July 6 — A time-device bomb blast occurred in the food street of the Old Anarkali district, in the eastern city of Lahore, Pakistan. The blast killed five people and injured dozens of others.[83] The blast was triggered by a time-device bomb. The blast occurred on the night of Saturday on 6 July 2013. Two people died on the spot while three succumbed to their injuries at Mayo Hospital on Sunday, bringing the death toll to five. The deaths were confirmed by police and Rescue 1122 officials. Mirza Taimoor, a student of GC university Lahore was also injured severely in this incident.[84]July 7 — A blast in a food street in the Anarkali area of Lahore killed three people and injured dozens of others.[85]\nJuly 8 — At least nine people, including two bomb disposal officers were killed in two separate blasts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.[86]\nJuly 10 — President Asif Ali Zardari's chief security officer and two others was killed in a bomb attack in Karachi.[87]\nJuly 11 — A Bomb explodes near minority Shiite mosque in northwest Pakistan killed two people and injured six others.[88]\nJuly 15 — Motorcycle-riding gunmen killed seven people in the restive Pakistani city of Quetta on Monday, with four members of the country's Hazara religious minority among the victims, police said.[89]\nJuly 20 — Blasts in Karachi kill four people.[90]\nJuly 27 — A twin suicide bomb blast in Parachinar market killed 60 people and 200.\nJuly 29 — Militants attacked on Central Jail in Dera Ismail Khan and freed more than 300 prisoners. TTP claimed responsibility of attack.","title":"July"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_(soccer)"},{"link_name":"Karachi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi"},{"link_name":"Javed Nagori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javed_Nagori"},{"link_name":"[91]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-91"},{"link_name":"[92]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-92"},{"link_name":"thirty-one people and injured over fifty people","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2013_Quetta_bombing"},{"link_name":"Quetta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta,_Pakistan"},{"link_name":"Eid al-Fitr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr"},{"link_name":"[93]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-93"}],"text":"August 7 Eleven teenagers were killed and twenty-six others were injured while playing football at a market in Karachi. The bombing took place in the Lyari District of Karachi. The bomb was targeted at provincial leader Javed Nagori, who was attending the match handing out prizes.[91][92]\nAugust 8 — A suicide bomber exploded at a funeral being held for a police officer. The bomb exploded in Quetta, Pakistan, and killed as many as thirty-one people and injured over fifty people.\nAugust 9 - Four gunmen opened fire at a mosque in Quetta while people were exiting the mosque. As a result, at least ten people were killed and thirty more people were injured. It is suspected that the target in the shooting was former Pakistan Peoples Party minister Ali Madad Jatak. This shooting occurred during the time when many Pakistani citizens were celebrating Eid al-Fitr. [93]","title":"August"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[94]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-94"},{"link_name":"Peshawar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshawar"},{"link_name":"78 people and 130","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshawar_church_attack"},{"link_name":"Peshawar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshawar"},{"link_name":"19 people","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=September_2013_Pakistan_bus_bombing&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Peshawar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshawar"},{"link_name":"41 people","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qissa_Khawani_Bazaar_bombing"},{"link_name":"[95]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-95"}],"text":"September 6 — 7 shia people killed with firing in jassoki Punjab.\nSeptember 15 — Major General Sanaullah Niazi, in charge of military operations in Swat, was killed along with two subordinates in a bomb attack in Upper Dir district near the Afghan border.[94]\nSeptember 22 — A twin suicide bomb blast in Peshawar church killed 78 people and 130.\nSeptember 27 — A bomb blast on a bus in Peshawar killed at least 19 people.\nSeptember 29 — A car bomb in the Qissa Khawani Bazaar of Peshawar killed at least 41 people.[95]","title":"September"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Anarkali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarkali_Bazaar"},{"link_name":"Lahore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore"},{"link_name":"[96]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-96"},{"link_name":"Quetta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta"},{"link_name":"[97]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-97"},{"link_name":"Israr Ullah Khan Gandapur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israr_Ullah_Khan_Gandapur"},{"link_name":"Khyber Pakhtunkhwa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa"}],"text":"October 10 — A blast occurred outside a restaurant in the busy Anarkali district of Lahore, killing one person and injuring 16 others. This was the second blast in Lahore this year, the earlier one also occurring in the Anarkali area on 7 July.[96]\nOctober 10 — A bomb explosion outside a city police station in Quetta killed 5 people and injured 37 others.[97]\nOctober 16 — Israr Ullah Khan Gandapur provincial Law minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was killed in a suicide bombing at his residence.","title":"October"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[98]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-98"}],"text":"November 15 - The clashes erupted in Rawalpindi, when an Ashura procession in the main downtown area coincided with a sermon in a nearby mosque at least 8 dead and 44 injured.[98]","title":"November"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"December 17 — Suicide Blast outside an Imambargah situated in the Gracey Lines area Rawalpidni killed three people, including two policemen and left 14 injured.","title":"December"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Sectarian Violence in Pakistan\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/database/sect-killing.htm","url_text":"\"Sectarian Violence in Pakistan\""}]},{"reference":"Mehmood, Rabia (3 January 2013). \"'Secretion violence': Shiite leader gunned down at imambargah\". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 3 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://tribune.com.pk/story/488117/secretion-violence-shiite-leader-gunned-down-at-imambargah/","url_text":"\"'Secretion violence': Shiite leader gunned down at imambargah\""}]},{"reference":"\"CHINIOT: Injured Moazam Ali martyrs\". The Shia Post. 5 January 2013. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20130216185218/http://en.shiapost.com/2013/01/05/injured-moazam-ali-martyrs/","url_text":"\"CHINIOT: Injured Moazam Ali martyrs\""},{"url":"http://en.shiapost.com/2013/01/05/injured-moazam-ali-martyrs/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Bomb blast near Ayesha Manzil killed four people\". Dawn. January 1, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://dawn.com/2013/01/01/loud-explosion-heard-federal-b-areas-aisha-manzil/","url_text":"\"Bomb blast near Ayesha Manzil killed four people\""}]},{"reference":"\"Blast in Karachi after the address of MQM\". The News. January 2, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-19929-Four-dead-45-injured-in-Karachi-blast","url_text":"\"Blast in Karachi after the address of MQM\""}]},{"reference":"Safder, Waqas. \"Lyari Twin Brothers' case: Father of Haider, Jamal urges CJP to take suo moto notice\". The News Tribe. Retrieved 8 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.thenewstribe.com/2013/01/08/lyari-twin-brothers-case-father-of-haider-jamal-urges-cjp-to-take-suo-motu-notice/","url_text":"\"Lyari Twin Brothers' case: Father of Haider, Jamal urges CJP to take suo moto notice\""}]},{"reference":"\"Second twin injured in January 2 attack dies\". The News International. 5 January 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-152496-Second-twin-injured-in-January-2-attack-dies","url_text":"\"Second twin injured in January 2 attack dies\""}]},{"reference":"\"'Sectarian' attack\". Dawn Newspaper. 9 January 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://dawn.com/2013/01/10/recipient-of-presidential-award-killed-at-his-matab/","url_text":"\"'Sectarian' attack\""}]},{"reference":"\"Targeted killing: Private school association's chairperson killed\". The Express Tribune. 10 January 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://tribune.com.pk/story/491781/targeted-killing-private-school-associations-chairperson-killed/","url_text":"\"Targeted killing: Private school association's chairperson killed\""}]},{"reference":"Ahmad, Riaz (January 10, 2013). \"Targeted attack: PPP leader shot dead outside clinic\". The Express Tribune. Retrieved January 10, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://tribune.com.pk/story/491884/targeted-attack-ppp-leader-shot-dead-outside-clinic/","url_text":"\"Targeted attack: PPP leader shot dead outside clinic\""}]},{"reference":"\"Zawar Shah Martyred by Terrorists in Khuzdar, Balochistan\". Ahlul Bayt News Agency. 10 January 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://abna.ir/data.asp?lang=3&Id=380269","url_text":"\"Zawar Shah Martyred by Terrorists in Khuzdar, Balochistan\""}]},{"reference":"\"2 more Shiites Killed including educationist\". The Shia Post. 10 January 2013. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20130216194704/http://en.shiapost.com/2013/01/09/more-shiites-killed/","url_text":"\"2 more Shiites Killed including educationist\""},{"url":"http://en.shiapost.com/2013/01/09/more-shiites-killed/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Yousufzai, Gul (11 January 2013). \"Rights group warns Pakistan faces worsening sectarian violence\". Reuters Pakistan. Retrieved 11 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-explosions-idUSBRE90911P20130111?feedType=RSS&feedName=pakistan&virtualBrandChannel=10165&dlvrit=59231","url_text":"\"Rights group warns Pakistan faces worsening sectarian violence\""}]},{"reference":"Maqbool, Aleem (11 January 2013). \"Pakistan blasts: Scores killed at Quetta snooker hall\". BBC News. Retrieved 11 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-20969443","url_text":"\"Pakistan blasts: Scores killed at Quetta snooker hall\""}]},{"reference":"Zafar, Mohammad (11 January 2013). \"Black Thursday: Bloodbath in Quetta\". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 11 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://tribune.com.pk/story/492456/black-thursday-bloodbath-in-quetta/","url_text":"\"Black Thursday: Bloodbath in Quetta\""}]},{"reference":"Figueras, Amanda (11 January 2013). \"Musulmanes chiíes en Pakistán, los otros mártires\". Elmundo. Retrieved 11 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2012/12/30/internacional/1356866230.html","url_text":"\"Musulmanes chiíes en Pakistán, los otros mártires\""}]},{"reference":"IANS (2013-01-23). \"Five killed in Pakistan blast\". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/five-killed-in-pakistan-blast/article4336332.ece","url_text":"\"Five killed in Pakistan blast\""}]},{"reference":"23 June 2013 (2013-01-25). \"Welcome To IANS Live – LatestNews – Karachi blasts: 6 killed\". Ianslive.in. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ianslive.in/index.php?param=news/Karachi_blasts_6_killed-392371/LatestNews/31","url_text":"\"Welcome To IANS Live – LatestNews – Karachi blasts: 6 killed\""}]},{"reference":"\"Pakistan blast kills 2 doctors : The Voice of Russia: News, Breaking news, Politics, Economics, Business, Russia, International current events, Expert opinion, podcasts, Video\". Archived from the original on 2013-04-17. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20130417205735/http://english.ruvr.ru/2013_01_31/Pakistan-blast-kills-2-doctors/","url_text":"\"Pakistan blast kills 2 doctors : The Voice of Russia: News, Breaking news, Politics, Economics, Business, Russia, International current events, Expert opinion, podcasts, Video\""},{"url":"http://english.ruvr.ru/2013_01_31/Pakistan-blast-kills-2-doctors/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Abdul Sami Paracha (2013-02-02). \"Suicide bomber slays 26 outside Hangu mosque\". Dawn.Com. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://dawn.com/2013/02/02/suicide-bomber-slays-26-outside-hangu-mosque/","url_text":"\"Suicide bomber slays 26 outside Hangu mosque\""}]},{"reference":"\"Deadly explosion strikes at Pakistan mosque | SBS World News\". Sbs.com.au. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1732953/Deadly-explosion-strikes-at-Pakistan-mosque","url_text":"\"Deadly explosion strikes at Pakistan mosque | SBS World News\""}]},{"reference":"Sharon Behn (2013-06-18). \"Pakistan Blast Targets Shi'ite Mosque\". Voanews.com. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.voanews.com/content/pakistan-blast-targets-shiite-mosque/1595038.html","url_text":"\"Pakistan Blast Targets Shi'ite Mosque\""}]},{"reference":"AFP (2013-02-07). \"Bomb kills policeman in Karachi's Orangi Town\". Dawn.Com. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://dawn.com/2013/02/07/blast-heard-in-karachis-orangi-town-causalities-likely/","url_text":"\"Bomb kills policeman in Karachi's Orangi Town\""}]},{"reference":"Dawn.Com (2013-02-11). \"Police officer among six killed in Karachi violence\". Dawn.Com. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://dawn.com/2013/02/11/police-officer-among-six-killed-in-karachi-violence/","url_text":"\"Police officer among six killed in Karachi violence\""}]},{"reference":"\"BBC News – Attacks in Pakistan's north-west 'kill at least 19'\". Bbc.co.uk. 2013-02-14. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21457531","url_text":"\"BBC News – Attacks in Pakistan's north-west 'kill at least 19'\""}]},{"reference":"\"Pakistan's northwest wracked by another wave of violence\". UPI.com. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2013/02/14/Northwest-Pakistan-violence-takes-big-toll/UPI-80981360901765/","url_text":"\"Pakistan's northwest wracked by another wave of violence\""}]},{"reference":"\"Taliban Claims Responsibility for Pakistan Attacks\". Voanews.com. 2013-02-14. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.voanews.com/content/police-targeted-in-pakistan-militant-attacks/1603430.html","url_text":"\"Taliban Claims Responsibility for Pakistan Attacks\""}]},{"reference":"Zahir Shah Sherazi (2013-02-14). \"Twin explosions kill nine in Orakzai\". Dawn.Com. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://dawn.com/2013/02/14/explosion-kills-three-in-orakzai/","url_text":"\"Twin explosions kill nine in Orakzai\""}]},{"reference":"\"24 die as terror hits KP, FATA\". Pakobserver.net. 2013-02-15. Archived from the original on 2015-06-10. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150610213728/http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=195958","url_text":"\"24 die as terror hits KP, FATA\""},{"url":"http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=195958","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Suicide bomber devastates Shiite enclave in Pakistan, killing 83 - CNN.com\". Edition.cnn.com. 2013-02-17. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/17/world/asia/pakistan-blast/index.html","url_text":"\"Suicide bomber devastates Shiite enclave in Pakistan, killing 83 - CNN.com\""}]},{"reference":"\"[This news was published in The Frontier Post on 26 Sep 2013. Sharjeel Memon was arrested Today, on October 23, 2017 by National Accountability after Sindh High Court rejected his plea for extension in bail.]\". 2017-10-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.thefrontierpost.com/news/18430/","url_text":"\"[This news was published in The Frontier Post on 26 Sep 2013. Sharjeel Memon was arrested Today, on October 23, 2017 by National Accountability after Sindh High Court rejected his plea for extension in bail.]\""}]},{"reference":"\"Eight shot dead across city\". Dawn.Com. 2013-02-18. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://dawn.com/2013/02/18/eight-shot-dead-across-city/","url_text":"\"Eight shot dead across city\""}]},{"reference":"\"Gunmen attack Pakistani official's compound, four dead\". Reuters. 2013-02-18. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-blast-idUSBRE91H03N20130218","url_text":"\"Gunmen attack Pakistani official's compound, four dead\""}]},{"reference":"Dawn.Com (2013-02-19). \"Violence claims eight more lives in Karachi\". Dawn.Com. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://dawn.com/2013/02/18/violence-claims-eight-more-lives-in-karachi-3/","url_text":"\"Violence claims eight more lives in Karachi\""}]},{"reference":"Dawn.Com (2013-02-18). \"Blasts in Karachi injure two people\". Dawn.Com. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://dawn.com/2013/02/18/loud-blast-heard-near-karachis-sharae-faisal/","url_text":"\"Blasts in Karachi injure two people\""}]},{"reference":"Correspondent, Our (2013-02-18). \"Dr Ali Haider: Friends, colleagues mourn 'wonderful man, skilled surgeon' – The Express Tribune\". Tribune.com.pk. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://tribune.com.pk/story/509252/dr-ali-haider-friends-and-colleagues-mourn-wonderful-man-skilled-surgeon/","url_text":"\"Dr Ali Haider: Friends, colleagues mourn 'wonderful man, skilled surgeon' – The Express Tribune\""}]},{"reference":"Murtaza Haider (2013-02-20). \"Murtaza Haider is dead, does anyone care?\". Dawn.Com. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://dawn.com/2013/02/20/murtaza-haider-is-dead-does-anyone-care/","url_text":"\"Murtaza Haider is dead, does anyone care?\""}]},{"reference":"Walsh, Declan; Masood, Salman (2013-03-03). \"Dozens of Pakistanis Killed in Blasts in Shiite District of Karachi\". The New York Times.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/04/world/asia/bombing-in-shiite-district-of-karachi.html?_r=0","url_text":"\"Dozens of Pakistanis Killed in Blasts in Shiite District of Karachi\""}]},{"reference":"\"Four killed in Peshawar mosque blast\". tribune.com.pk. March 9, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://tribune.com.pk/story/518237/two-killed-in-peshawar-blast-express-news/","url_text":"\"Four killed in Peshawar mosque blast\""}]},{"reference":"\"International News | World News – ABC News\". Abcnews.go.com. 2013-06-09. Retrieved 2013-06-23.","urls":[{"url":"https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/official-bomb-kills-soldiers-nw-pakistan-18701957","url_text":"\"International News | World News – ABC News\""}]},{"reference":"\"3 Killed in Pakistan Blast\". Voanews.com. 2013-03-15. 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|
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MQM\""},{"Link":"http://www.thenewstribe.com/2013/01/08/lyari-twin-brothers-case-father-of-haider-jamal-urges-cjp-to-take-suo-motu-notice/","external_links_name":"\"Lyari Twin Brothers' case: Father of Haider, Jamal urges CJP to take suo moto notice\""},{"Link":"http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-152496-Second-twin-injured-in-January-2-attack-dies","external_links_name":"\"Second twin injured in January 2 attack dies\""},{"Link":"http://dawn.com/2013/01/10/recipient-of-presidential-award-killed-at-his-matab/","external_links_name":"\"'Sectarian' attack\""},{"Link":"http://tribune.com.pk/story/491781/targeted-killing-private-school-associations-chairperson-killed/","external_links_name":"\"Targeted killing: Private school association's chairperson killed\""},{"Link":"http://tribune.com.pk/story/491884/targeted-attack-ppp-leader-shot-dead-outside-clinic/","external_links_name":"\"Targeted attack: PPP leader shot dead outside clinic\""},{"Link":"http://abna.ir/data.asp?lang=3&Id=380269","external_links_name":"\"Zawar Shah Martyred by Terrorists in Khuzdar, Balochistan\""},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20130216194704/http://en.shiapost.com/2013/01/09/more-shiites-killed/","external_links_name":"\"2 more Shiites Killed including educationist\""},{"Link":"http://en.shiapost.com/2013/01/09/more-shiites-killed/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-explosions-idUSBRE90911P20130111?feedType=RSS&feedName=pakistan&virtualBrandChannel=10165&dlvrit=59231","external_links_name":"\"Rights group warns Pakistan faces worsening sectarian violence\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-20969443","external_links_name":"\"Pakistan blasts: Scores killed at Quetta snooker hall\""},{"Link":"http://tribune.com.pk/story/492456/black-thursday-bloodbath-in-quetta/","external_links_name":"\"Black Thursday: Bloodbath in Quetta\""},{"Link":"http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2012/12/30/internacional/1356866230.html","external_links_name":"\"Musulmanes chiíes en Pakistán, los otros mártires\""},{"Link":"http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/five-killed-in-pakistan-blast/article4336332.ece","external_links_name":"\"Five killed in Pakistan blast\""},{"Link":"http://www.ianslive.in/index.php?param=news/Karachi_blasts_6_killed-392371/LatestNews/31","external_links_name":"\"Welcome To IANS Live – LatestNews – Karachi blasts: 6 killed\""},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20130417205735/http://english.ruvr.ru/2013_01_31/Pakistan-blast-kills-2-doctors/","external_links_name":"\"Pakistan blast kills 2 doctors : The Voice of Russia: News, Breaking news, Politics, Economics, Business, Russia, International current events, Expert opinion, podcasts, Video\""},{"Link":"http://english.ruvr.ru/2013_01_31/Pakistan-blast-kills-2-doctors/","external_links_name":"the 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Sharjeel Memon was arrested Today, on October 23, 2017 by National Accountability after Sindh High Court rejected his plea for extension in bail.]\""},{"Link":"http://dawn.com/2013/02/18/eight-shot-dead-across-city/","external_links_name":"\"Eight shot dead across city\""},{"Link":"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-blast-idUSBRE91H03N20130218","external_links_name":"\"Gunmen attack Pakistani official's compound, four dead\""},{"Link":"http://dawn.com/2013/02/18/violence-claims-eight-more-lives-in-karachi-3/","external_links_name":"\"Violence claims eight more lives in Karachi\""},{"Link":"http://dawn.com/2013/02/18/loud-blast-heard-near-karachis-sharae-faisal/","external_links_name":"\"Blasts in Karachi injure two people\""},{"Link":"http://tribune.com.pk/story/509252/dr-ali-haider-friends-and-colleagues-mourn-wonderful-man-skilled-surgeon/","external_links_name":"\"Dr Ali Haider: Friends, colleagues mourn 'wonderful man, skilled surgeon' – The Express 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mougins_Center_of_Photography
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Mougins Center of Photography
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["1 See also","2 References","3 External links"]
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Coordinates: 43°36′02″N 6°59′43″E / 43.60043°N 6.99530°E / 43.60043; 6.99530French gallery
Mougins Center of PhotographyCentre de Photographie de MouginsEstablished2021 (2021)Location43, rue de l'Église 06250 Mougins, Alpes-Maritimes, FranceCoordinates43°36′02″N 6°59′43″E / 43.60043°N 6.99530°E / 43.60043; 6.99530Websitecentrephotographiemougins.com
The Mougins Center of Photography (Centre de Photographie de Mougins) is a photography gallery located in the village of Mougins, in the Alpes-Maritimes department, France. It opened in July 2021.
The building was previously home to the photography museum of André Villiers , which closed in 2018. The rehabilitation was financed by the municipality as well as by the Provence-Alps-French Riviera administrative region. Its inaugural exhibition was by Isabel Muñoz.
François Cheval is the gallery's artistic director and independent curator and Yasmine Chemali is its manager.
See also
Mougins Museum of Classical Art
References
^ Moniteur, Le (23 July 2021). "Alpes-Maritimes : un centre de la photographie à Mougins". lemoniteur.fr.
^ "Découvrez le Centre de la photographie de Mougins dédié à l'image fixe et en mouvement, qui vient d'ouvrir ses portes au cœur du village". Cote Magazine - Le magazine style de vie. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
^ "Mougins inaugure son nouveau Centre de la photographie". Le Journal Des Arts. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
^ "The new Centre de Photographie de Mougins opens its inaugural show, presenting the work of Isabel Muñoz - 1854 Photography". www.1854.photography. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
^ "À Mougins, un nouvel écrin pour la photographie". Télérama. 11 July 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
^ "Mougins ouvre son nouveau Centre de la photographie". Le Monde.fr. 6 July 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
^ "Un nouveau centre pour la photographie contemporaine à Mougins". www.artnewspaper.fr. 22 April 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
External links
Official website
This photography-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This article related to an art display, art museum or gallery in France is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mougins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mougins"},{"link_name":"Alpes-Maritimes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"photography museum of André Villiers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_photographie_Andr%C3%A9_Villers&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"fr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_photographie_Andr%C3%A9_Villers"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bjp-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Isabel Muñoz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Mu%C3%B1oz"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"French galleryThe Mougins Center of Photography (Centre de Photographie de Mougins) is a photography gallery located in the village of Mougins, in the Alpes-Maritimes department, France.[1][2] It opened in July 2021.[3]The building was previously home to the photography museum of André Villiers [fr], which closed in 2018.[4] The rehabilitation was financed by the municipality as well as by the Provence-Alps-French Riviera administrative region.[5] Its inaugural exhibition was by Isabel Muñoz.[6]François Cheval is the gallery's artistic director and independent curator and Yasmine Chemali is its manager.[7]","title":"Mougins Center of Photography"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"Mougins Museum of Classical Art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mougins_Museum_of_Classical_Art"}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mougins_Center_of_Photography¶ms=43.60043_N_6.9953_E_type:landmark_globe:earth_region:FR","external_links_name":"43°36′02″N 6°59′43″E / 43.60043°N 6.99530°E / 43.60043; 6.99530"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mougins_Center_of_Photography¶ms=43.60043_N_6.9953_E_type:landmark_globe:earth_region:FR","external_links_name":"43°36′02″N 6°59′43″E / 43.60043°N 6.99530°E / 43.60043; 6.99530"},{"Link":"http://centrephotographiemougins.com/","external_links_name":"centrephotographiemougins.com"},{"Link":"https://www.lemoniteur.fr/article/alpes-maritimes-un-centre-de-la-photographie-a-mougins.2156729","external_links_name":"\"Alpes-Maritimes : un centre de la photographie à Mougins\""},{"Link":"https://www.cotemagazine.com/fr/week-end-by-cote/item/12675-decouvrez-le-centre-de-la-photographie-de-mougins-dedie-a-l-image-fixe-et-en-mouvement-qui-vient-d-ouvrir-ses-portes-au-coeur-du-village","external_links_name":"\"Découvrez le Centre de la photographie de Mougins dédié à l'image fixe et en mouvement, qui vient d'ouvrir ses portes au cœur du village\""},{"Link":"https://www.lejournaldesarts.fr/creation/mougins-inaugure-son-nouveau-centre-de-la-photographie-155116","external_links_name":"\"Mougins inaugure son nouveau Centre de la photographie\""},{"Link":"https://www.1854.photography/2021/09/centre-de-photographie-de-mougins-opens-its-inaugural-show/","external_links_name":"\"The new Centre de Photographie de Mougins opens its inaugural show, presenting the work of Isabel Muñoz - 1854 Photography\""},{"Link":"https://www.telerama.fr/sortir/a-mougins-un-nouvel-ecrin-pour-la-photographie-6922361.php","external_links_name":"\"À Mougins, un nouvel écrin pour la photographie\""},{"Link":"https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2021/07/06/mougins-ouvre-son-nouveau-centre-de-la-photographie_6087158_3246.html","external_links_name":"\"Mougins ouvre son nouveau Centre de la photographie\""},{"Link":"http://www.artnewspaper.fr/news/un-nouveau-centre-pour-la-photographie-contemporaine-a-mougins","external_links_name":"\"Un nouveau centre pour la photographie contemporaine à Mougins\""},{"Link":"http://centrephotographiemougins.com/","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mougins_Center_of_Photography&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mougins_Center_of_Photography&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_el-Aziz_el-Zoubi
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Abd el-Aziz el-Zoubi
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["1 Biography","2 References","3 External links"]
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Israeli politician (1926–1974)
Abd el-Aziz el-ZoubiFaction represented in the Knesset1965–1969Mapam1969–1974Alignment
Personal detailsBorn4 February 1926Nazareth, Mandatory PalestineDied14 February 1974(1974-02-14) (aged 48)
Abd el-Aziz el-Zoubi (Arabic: عبد العزيز الزعبي, Hebrew: עבד אל-עזיז א-זועבי; 4 February 1926 – 14 February 1974) was an Israeli Arab politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Mapam and the Alignment from 1965 until his death in 1974. When appointed Deputy Minister of Health on 24 May 1971, he became the first non-Jewish member of an Israeli government.
Biography
Born in Nazareth during the Mandate era, el-Zoubi was educated at a local high school, before attending the Arab College in Jerusalem. He worked as a tax clerk for the Mandate authorities, and following Israeli independence in 1948, worked as a clerk for the Israel Lands Authority until 1958. He also served as secretary of the Government Workers Union in Nazareth.
In 1956 he helped organise the Jewish Arab Association for Peace and Equal Rights, and was amongst the founders of the Arab Institute at Givat Haviva. In 1958 he joined Mapam, and in 1961 was appointed deputy mayor of Nazareth. In 1965 he became the city's mayor, holding the post until the following year. In the November 1965 Knesset elections he won a seat on the Mapam list, and entered the parliament.
He was re-elected in 1969 on the Alignment list (an alliance of the Labor Party and Mapam), and on 24 May 1971 was appointed Deputy Minister of Health in Golda Meir's government. He retained his seat in the 1973 elections, but died less than a month after the Knesset reconvened. His seat was taken by Haviv Shimoni.
Outside politics el-Zoubi was also involved in various publications; he was a member of the editorial board of New Outlook, edited the al Fajar monthly magazine, and was one of the editors of the al Mersad weekly newspaper.
His extended family includes Seif el-Din el-Zoubi, who also served as a member of the Knesset for several parties and mayor of Nazareth, and cousin Haneen Zoubi, who was a Knesset member for Balad.
References
^ Ministers of the Minorities Knesset website
^ Abd-El-Aziz E-Zoubi: Particulars Knesset website
^ a b c Abd-El-Aziz E-Zoubi: Public Activities Knesset website
^ Knesset Members of the Eighth Knesset Knesset website
^ Provocative Parliamentarian The Jerusalem Post, 1 March 2009
External links
Abd el-Aziz el-Zoubi on the Knesset website
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Arabic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language"},{"link_name":"Hebrew","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language"},{"link_name":"Israeli Arab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Arab"},{"link_name":"Knesset","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset"},{"link_name":"Mapam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapam"},{"link_name":"Alignment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alignment_(political_party)"},{"link_name":"Minister of Health","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Minister_of_Israel"},{"link_name":"Jewish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew"},{"link_name":"Israeli government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Israel"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MoM-1"}],"text":"Abd el-Aziz el-Zoubi (Arabic: عبد العزيز الزعبي, Hebrew: עבד אל-עזיז א-זועבי; 4 February 1926 – 14 February 1974) was an Israeli Arab politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Mapam and the Alignment from 1965 until his death in 1974. When appointed Deputy Minister of Health on 24 May 1971, he became the first non-Jewish member of an Israeli government.[1]","title":"Abd el-Aziz el-Zoubi"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Nazareth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth"},{"link_name":"Mandate era","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine"},{"link_name":"Arab College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_College_(Jerusalem)"},{"link_name":"Jerusalem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-P-2"},{"link_name":"Israeli independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(Israel)"},{"link_name":"Israel Lands Authority","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Lands_Authority"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PA-3"},{"link_name":"Givat Haviva","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Givat_Haviva"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PA-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PA-3"},{"link_name":"November 1965 Knesset elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_Israeli_legislative_election"},{"link_name":"1969","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_Israeli_legislative_election"},{"link_name":"Alignment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alignment_(political_party)"},{"link_name":"Labor Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party"},{"link_name":"Golda Meir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golda_Meir"},{"link_name":"government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteenth_government_of_Israel"},{"link_name":"1973 elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Israeli_legislative_election"},{"link_name":"Haviv Shimoni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haviv_Shimoni"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Seif el-Din el-Zoubi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seif_el-Din_el-Zoubi"},{"link_name":"Haneen Zoubi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haneen_Zoubi"},{"link_name":"Balad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balad_(political_party)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Born in Nazareth during the Mandate era, el-Zoubi was educated at a local high school, before attending the Arab College in Jerusalem.[2] He worked as a tax clerk for the Mandate authorities, and following Israeli independence in 1948, worked as a clerk for the Israel Lands Authority until 1958. He also served as secretary of the Government Workers Union in Nazareth.[3]\nIn 1956 he helped organise the Jewish Arab Association for Peace and Equal Rights, and was amongst the founders of the Arab Institute at Givat Haviva.[3] In 1958 he joined Mapam, and in 1961 was appointed deputy mayor of Nazareth. In 1965 he became the city's mayor, holding the post until the following year.[3] In the November 1965 Knesset elections he won a seat on the Mapam list, and entered the parliament.He was re-elected in 1969 on the Alignment list (an alliance of the Labor Party and Mapam), and on 24 May 1971 was appointed Deputy Minister of Health in Golda Meir's government. He retained his seat in the 1973 elections, but died less than a month after the Knesset reconvened. His seat was taken by Haviv Shimoni.[4]Outside politics el-Zoubi was also involved in various publications; he was a member of the editorial board of New Outlook, edited the al Fajar monthly magazine, and was one of the editors of the al Mersad weekly newspaper.His extended family includes Seif el-Din el-Zoubi, who also served as a member of the Knesset for several parties and mayor of Nazareth, and cousin Haneen Zoubi, who was a Knesset member for Balad.[5]","title":"Biography"}]
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[]
| null |
[]
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[{"Link":"https://www.knesset.gov.il/govt/eng/GovtByParameter_eng.asp?par=2","external_links_name":"Ministers of the Minorities"},{"Link":"https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=404","external_links_name":"Abd-El-Aziz E-Zoubi: Particulars"},{"Link":"https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=404","external_links_name":"Abd-El-Aziz E-Zoubi: Public Activities"},{"Link":"https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mkindexbyknesset_eng.asp?knesset=8","external_links_name":"Knesset Members of the Eighth Knesset"},{"Link":"http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1235898314574","external_links_name":"Provocative Parliamentarian"},{"Link":"https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=404","external_links_name":"Abd el-Aziz el-Zoubi"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Dunne_(footballer)
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Frank Dunne (footballer)
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["1 Family","2 Football","3 Death","4 See also","5 Footnotes","6 References","7 External links"]
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Australian rules footballer
Australian rules footballer
Frank Dunne
Personal informationFull name
Francis Charlton DunneNickname(s)
DiverDate of birth
(1875-08-13)13 August 1875Place of birth
Kilmore, VictoriaDate of death
16 February 1937(1937-02-16) (aged 61)Place of death
Forestville, South AustraliaOriginal team(s)
Albury, St KildaPosition(s)
RuckPlaying career1Years
Club
Games (Goals)1905
St Kilda
1 (1)1906–1908
South Fremantle
44 (10)1909–1913
Sturt
54 (27)
1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1913.Career highlights
Representative for
Western Australia 1908
South Australia 1911
Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com
Francis Charlton "Diver" Dunne (13 August 1875 – 16 February 1937) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL), South Fremantle in the West Australian Football Association (WAFA) and Sturt in the South Australian Football League (SAFL).
Family
The son of William Dunne (1833-1889), and Annie Theresa Dunne (1837-1896), née Murphy, Francis Charlton Dunne was born in Kilmore, Victoria on 13 August 1875.
He married Matilda Bridget Fensling (1877-1960) in Albury in 1902.
Football
Dunne was recruited to St. Kilda from Albury in the Ovens and Murray Football League.
During his time at South Fremantle and Sturt he was considered one of the best "ruck shepherds" in the game, and represented Western Australia at the 1908 Melbourne Carnival and South Australia at the 1911 Adelaide Carnival.
Death
He died at Forestville, South Australia on 16 February 1937.
See also
1908 Melbourne Carnival
1911 Adelaide Carnival
Footnotes
^ Lysikatos (2015), p.46.
^ A Man Lost in The Bush, The Ballarat Star, (Friday, 3 May 1889), p.2.
^ Deaths: Dunne, The Age, (Thursday, 28 November 1889), p.1.
^ Deaths: Dunne, The Age, (Monday, 6 July 1896), p.1.
^ "Frank Dunne - Albury FC". NSW Football History. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
^ This unusual position is closest to what is known today as ruck rover. As one of Sturt's "Big Three" ruckmen, Cecil Wickens (), Vic Cumberland, and Frank Dunne (considered by many to be Sturt's best-ever ruck combination), Dunne's specific task — as Sturt's ruck shepherd — was "to shelter the brilliant Cumberland from knocks and interference" (Still in Uniform, The (Adelaide) News, (Thursday, 3 May 1928), p13).
^ "Death of Diver Dunne". The News. Vol. XXVIII, no. 4, 235. South Australia. 17 February 1937. p. 2. Retrieved 25 February 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
^ Deaths: Dunne, The (Adelaide) Advertiser, (Wednesday, 17 February 1937), p.14.
References
Lysikatos, John (2015). We Are Sturt - Vol.1 1901-1944. Mile End, South Australia: Newstyle Printing. ISBN 978-0-9943026-0-1.
"Fremantle Footballers. Their Play and Methods. No 5. Diver Dunne". The Empire. Vol. I, no. 12. Fremantle, Western Australia. 3 August 1907. p. 4. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frank Dunne (footballer).
Frank Dunne's playing statistics from AFL Tables
Frank Dunne at AustralianFootball.com
This Australian rules football biography of a person born in the 1870s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Australian rules footballer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_rules_football"},{"link_name":"St Kilda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Kilda_Football_Club"},{"link_name":"Victorian Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"South Fremantle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Fremantle_Football_Club"},{"link_name":"West Australian Football Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Australian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"Sturt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturt_Football_Club"},{"link_name":"South Australian Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australian_National_Football_League"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Australian rules footballerFrancis Charlton \"Diver\" Dunne (13 August 1875 – 16 February 1937) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL), South Fremantle in the West Australian Football Association (WAFA) and Sturt in the South Australian Football League (SAFL).[1]","title":"Frank Dunne (footballer)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Kilmore, Victoria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmore,_Victoria"}],"text":"The son of William Dunne (1833-1889),[2][3] and Annie Theresa Dunne (1837-1896),[4] née Murphy, Francis Charlton Dunne was born in Kilmore, Victoria on 13 August 1875.He married Matilda Bridget Fensling (1877-1960) in Albury in 1902.","title":"Family"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Albury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albury_Football_Club"},{"link_name":"Ovens and Murray Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovens_and_Murray_Football_League"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"ruck shepherds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruck_rover"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Western Australia at the 1908 Melbourne Carnival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_Melbourne_Carnival#Western_Australia"},{"link_name":"1911 Adelaide Carnival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911_Adelaide_Carnival"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"Dunne was recruited to St. Kilda from Albury in the Ovens and Murray Football League.[5]During his time at South Fremantle and Sturt he was considered one of the best \"ruck shepherds\" in the game,[6] and represented Western Australia at the 1908 Melbourne Carnival and South Australia at the 1911 Adelaide Carnival.[7]","title":"Football"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Forestville, South Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestville,_South_Australia"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"He died at Forestville, South Australia on 16 February 1937.[8]","title":"Death"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"A Man Lost in The Bush, The Ballarat Star, (Friday, 3 May 1889), p.2.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//nla.gov.au/nla.news-article204042925"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"Deaths: Dunne, The Age, (Thursday, 28 November 1889), p.1.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//nla.gov.au/nla.news-article197499540"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-4"},{"link_name":"Deaths: Dunne, The Age, (Monday, 6 July 1896), p.1.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//nla.gov.au/nla.news-article190607021"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-5"},{"link_name":"\"Frank Dunne - Albury FC\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.nswfootballhistory.com.au/person/19903/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-6"},{"link_name":"Cecil Wickens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cecil_Vernon_Wickens&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//nla.gov.au/nla.news-article35772232"},{"link_name":"Vic Cumberland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vic_Cumberland"},{"link_name":"Still in Uniform, The (Adelaide) News, (Thursday, 3 May 1928), p13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//nla.gov.au/nla.news-article129031930"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-7"},{"link_name":"\"Death of Diver Dunne\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131397621"},{"link_name":"The News","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_News_(Adelaide)"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-8"},{"link_name":"Deaths: Dunne, The (Adelaide) Advertiser, (Wednesday, 17 February 1937), p.14.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//nla.gov.au/nla.news-article74342938"}],"text":"^ Lysikatos (2015), p.46.\n\n^ A Man Lost in The Bush, The Ballarat Star, (Friday, 3 May 1889), p.2.\n\n^ Deaths: Dunne, The Age, (Thursday, 28 November 1889), p.1.\n\n^ Deaths: Dunne, The Age, (Monday, 6 July 1896), p.1.\n\n^ \"Frank Dunne - Albury FC\". NSW Football History. Retrieved 5 September 2020.\n\n^ This unusual position is closest to what is known today as ruck rover. As one of Sturt's \"Big Three\" ruckmen, Cecil Wickens ([1]), Vic Cumberland, and Frank Dunne (considered by many to be Sturt's best-ever ruck combination), Dunne's specific task — as Sturt's ruck shepherd — was \"to shelter the brilliant Cumberland from knocks and interference\" (Still in Uniform, The (Adelaide) News, (Thursday, 3 May 1928), p13).\n\n^ \"Death of Diver Dunne\". The News. Vol. XXVIII, no. 4, 235. South Australia. 17 February 1937. p. 2. Retrieved 25 February 2017 – via National Library of Australia.\n\n^ Deaths: Dunne, The (Adelaide) Advertiser, (Wednesday, 17 February 1937), p.14.","title":"Footnotes"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"1908 Melbourne Carnival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_Melbourne_Carnival"},{"title":"1911 Adelaide Carnival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911_Adelaide_Carnival"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Frank Dunne - Albury FC\". NSW Football History. Retrieved 5 September 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nswfootballhistory.com.au/person/19903/","url_text":"\"Frank Dunne - Albury FC\""}]},{"reference":"\"Death of Diver Dunne\". The News. Vol. XXVIII, no. 4, 235. South Australia. 17 February 1937. p. 2. Retrieved 25 February 2017 – via National Library of Australia.","urls":[{"url":"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131397621","url_text":"\"Death of Diver Dunne\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_News_(Adelaide)","url_text":"The News"}]},{"reference":"Lysikatos, John (2015). We Are Sturt - Vol.1 1901-1944. Mile End, South Australia: Newstyle Printing. ISBN 978-0-9943026-0-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9943026-0-1","url_text":"978-0-9943026-0-1"}]},{"reference":"\"Fremantle Footballers. Their Play and Methods. No 5. Diver Dunne\". The Empire. Vol. I, no. 12. Fremantle, Western Australia. 3 August 1907. p. 4. Retrieved 25 February 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article227979793","url_text":"\"Fremantle Footballers. Their Play and Methods. No 5. Diver Dunne\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/F/Frank_Dunne.html","external_links_name":"AFL Tables"},{"Link":"https://australianfootball.com/players/player/Frank+Dunne/2025","external_links_name":"AustralianFootball.com"},{"Link":"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article204042925","external_links_name":"A Man Lost in The Bush, The Ballarat Star, (Friday, 3 May 1889), p.2."},{"Link":"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article197499540","external_links_name":"Deaths: Dunne, The Age, (Thursday, 28 November 1889), p.1."},{"Link":"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article190607021","external_links_name":"Deaths: Dunne, The Age, (Monday, 6 July 1896), p.1."},{"Link":"https://www.nswfootballhistory.com.au/person/19903/","external_links_name":"\"Frank Dunne - Albury FC\""},{"Link":"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article35772232","external_links_name":"[1]"},{"Link":"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article129031930","external_links_name":"Still in Uniform, The (Adelaide) News, (Thursday, 3 May 1928), p13"},{"Link":"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131397621","external_links_name":"\"Death of Diver Dunne\""},{"Link":"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article74342938","external_links_name":"Deaths: Dunne, The (Adelaide) Advertiser, (Wednesday, 17 February 1937), p.14."},{"Link":"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article227979793","external_links_name":"\"Fremantle Footballers. Their Play and Methods. No 5. Diver Dunne\""},{"Link":"http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/F/Frank_Dunne.html","external_links_name":"Frank Dunne's playing statistics"},{"Link":"https://australianfootball.com/players/player/frank%2B%2527diver%2527%2Bdunne/2025","external_links_name":"Frank Dunne"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank_Dunne_(footballer)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Shura_Council
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Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia
|
["1 Influence","2 History","3 Leadership","4 Members","4.1 2005–2009 term","4.2 2009–2013 term","4.3 2013–present","5 Committees","6 Women members","7 See also","8 References","9 External links"]
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Formal advisory body of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Consultative Assembly مجلس الشورى السعوديMajlis ash-Shūra as-SaʿūdiyyTypeTypeUnicameral LeadershipSpeakerAbdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh since 15 February 2009 Seats150Meeting placeAl Yamamah Palace, RiyadhWebsiteOfficial English Site
The Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: مجلس الشورى السعودي, romanized: Maǧlis aš-Šūrā s-Saʿūdiyy), also known as Majlis ash-Shura or The Shura Council, is the formal advisory body of Saudi Arabia. It is a deliberative assembly that advises the King on issues that are important to Saudi Arabia. It has the power to propose laws to the King of Saudi Arabia and his cabinet to prove it and pass it. It has 150 members, all appointed by the king and chosen "from amongst scholars, those of knowledge, expertise and specialists". Since 2013, the Assembly has included 30 female members out of the total of 150 members, after a 20 percent minimum quota for women was imposed. The Consultative Assembly is headed by a Speaker. As of 2016, the Speaker was Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh, in line with a tradition that kept the post in that family. The Assembly is based in al-Yamamah Palace, Riyadh.
Influence
The Consultative Assembly is permitted to propose draft laws and forward them to the king, but only the King has the power to pass or enforce them. However, the mandate of Majlis Al-Shura was broadened in 2004 to include proposing new legislation and amending existing laws without prior submission to the King. The Assembly has the power to interpret laws, as well as examine annual reports referred to it by state ministries and agencies. It can also advise the king on policies that he submits to it, along with international treaties and economic plans. The Assembly is also authorized to review the country's annual budget, and call in ministers for questioning.
The influence of the Assembly in its present form comes from its responsibility for the kingdom's five-year development plans, from which the annual budgets are derived, its ability to summon government officials for questioning, and its role as policy debate forum.
History
The first Majlis ash-Shura (Consultative Assembly) was founded by King Abdulaziz on 13 January 1926. It was first named the Shura Council of the Hijaz and chaired by his son, King Faisal. However, the complete institutionalization of the assembly was finalized in 1932. Later, it was expanded to include twenty-five members at the beginning of King Saud's reign. However, its functions were transferred to the Cabinet of Ministers due to political pressures of the royal family members. On the other hand, Majlis ash-Shura was not officially dissolved and remained ineffective until King Fahd revived it in 2000.
King Fahd decreed a new Majlis ash-Shura Law on 24 November 2000, which replaced the previous law that had been effective since 1928, and decreed the bylaws of the council and their supplements on 22 August 1993. The first term council (1993–1997) had a speaker and 60 members.: 949 The membership was increased by 30 in each of the following terms: the second term 90 members (1997–2001),: 950 third term 120 members (2001–2005) and fourth term 150 members (2005–2009). Thus, the number of members increased to 150 members plus the speaker in the fourth term council.
Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh with British foreign secretary William Hague in London, 5 March 2013
Having been expanded in 1997 and 2001, the council achieved a place in the International Parliamentary Union by the end of 2003. The fourth term council held 845 sessions and issued 1174 declarations during its second year. In September 2011, just a few days before the 2011 municipal elections, King Abdullah stated that women may become members of the council.
In January 2013, King Abdullah issued two royal decrees, granting women thirty seats on the council, and stating that women must always hold at least a fifth of the seats on the council. According to the decrees, the female council members must be "committed to Islamic Shariah disciplines without any violations" and be "restrained by the religious veil." The decrees also said that the female council members would be entering the council building from special gates, sit in seats reserved for women and pray in special worshipping places. Earlier, officials said that a screen would separate genders and an internal communications network would allow men and women to communicate. Women first joined the council in 2013, and three were named as deputy chairpersons of three committees: Thurayya Obeid (deputy chairwoman of the human rights and petitions committee), Zainab Abu Talib (deputy chairwoman of the information and cultural committee) and Lubna Al Ansari (deputy chairwoman of the health affairs and environment committee).
Leadership
Sheikh Mohammed bin Ibrahim bin Jubair, who was a respected Hanbali jurist and former Minister of Justice, was appointed as the president of the first Council term and of successive ones. He remained the president until his death in 2002, and was replaced by Saleh bin Abdullah bin Homaid.
The fifth term council (2009–2012), which started on 28 February 2009, included the topic of no women and is led by chairman Dr. Abdullah bin Mohammed al ash Sheikh, who is former minister of Justice. He is regarded as a highly respected Islamic scholar, and its appointment is considered to be a move to reassure religious conservatives that the Majlis is being guided by Sharia in its deliberations.
The deputy chairman in the fifth term is Dr. Bandar bin Mohammed Hamza Asad Hajar. Assistant chairman was Abdulrahman bin Abdullah Al Barrak from February 2009 to December 2011. Secretary-general of the Assembly is Mohammed A. Al Ghamdi. Al Ghamdi, whose four-year term expired in May 2012, was replaced by Mohammed al Amr as the new secretary general of the council.
Name
Took office
Left office
Notes
Abdul Gadir Al-Shebi
1924
1925
Speaker of the National council
Mohammed Al-Marzouki
1925
1926
Speaker of the National council
Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
1926
2 November 1964
Kings of Saudi Arabia thereafter
Sheikh Mohammed bin Jubair
August 1993
10 January 2002
Salih bin Abdullah al Humaid
8 February 2002
15 February 2009
Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh
15 February 2009
Incumbent
Members
The Council members appear to be chosen from different provinces, representing three significant groups: religious establishment, bureaucracy and the business groups. They seem to be followers of both conservative and liberal ideologies, and are usually highly educated and experienced people who are regarded as experts in their fields. Mostly academics, retired senior officers, ex-civil servants and businessmen have been chosen as the members of the council.
2005–2009 term
The distribution of members based on their occupation for the 2005–2009 (fourth) term is as follows:
Occupation
Number (n=150)
Percentage (%)
Academic (PhD)
105
70
Bureaucrat/engineer
12
8
Bureaucrat/religious
4
2.6
Bureaucrat (master's or bachelor's degree)
25
16.7
Military
4
2.6
2009–2013 term
During the 2009–2013 term, half of the members (43% of the new appointees) had a university education in the United States, and 70% of them had PhDs. The Council members for the 2009–2013 term are considered to be technocrats who are experts rather than local leaders. Their educational background was as follows: 16% bachelor's degrees; 13% master's degrees; 70% PhDs; and 1% MDs. The distribution of the members in terms of countries where they were educated is as follows: 49% in the United States; 29% in Saudi Arabia; 16% in the United Kingdom; 3% in France; 1% in Germany; 1% in Egypt; and 1% in Pakistan.
The representation of provinces at the council is given below:
Region
Percentage of population (%)
Percentage in council (%)
Al Jouf
2
4
Tabuk
3
2
Northern Border
1
4
Ha'il
3
4
Qassim
5
13
Eastern Province
16
8
Madinah
7
12
Makkah
22
24
Riyadh
23
18
Baha
2
2
Asir
8
6
Jizan
6
2
Najran
2
1
2013–present
Since 2013, the Assembly has included 30 women members out of the total of 150 members.
Committees
In its original form, the Council consisted of eight specialized committees. These committees were identified in December 1995. Committees and their allocated number of members were as follows: Committee on Social and Health Affairs (7 members); Committee on Economic and Financial Affairs (8 members); Committee on Legislation and Administration (5 members); Committee on Foreign Affairs (7 members); Committee on Islamic Affairs (7 members); Committee on Service and the Public Sector (8 members); Committee on Education, Culture and Information Affairs (9 members); and Committee on Security Affairs (6 members).
Later, the number of the committees was expanded. As of March 2015, the assembly consists of thirteen committees:
Islamic, Judicial Affairs
Social, Family, and Youth Affairs Committee
Economic Affairs and Energy Committee
Security Affairs Committee
Educational and Scientific Research Affairs Committee
Cultural and Informational Affairs Committee
Foreign Affairs Committee
Health and Environmental Affairs Committee
Financial Affairs Committee
Transportation, Communications, Information Technology Committee
Water and Public Facilities and Services Committee
Administration, Human Resources and Petitions Committee
Human Rights and Petitions.
Women members
Women were first allowed to join the council in 2013. As of October 2017, women make up 20% of the Assembly's total number, slightly more than the 115th United States Congress (19.3%). Among these are Sara bint Faisal Al Saud and Moudi bint Khalid Al Saud, both members of the Saudi royal family. As of December 2016, the following women were members of the council:
Khawla Sami Alkuraya
Ahlam Mohammed al-Hakmi (academic scholar, dean at Jazan University)
Asma Saleh al-Zahrani (academic scholar)
Iqbal zain al-Abedin Darandri (statistics and research)
Amal Salama al-Shaman
Jawaher Dhafer al-Anizi
Jawhara Nasser al-Yami
Hamda Maqbool al-Joufi
Hanan Abdulrahman al-Ahmadi (Associate professor of health administration at the Institute of Public Administration); Assistant Speaker since October 2020
Raedah Abdullah Abunayan
Zainab Abu Taleb
Samia Abdullah Bakhari (academic and religious scholar)
Sultanah Abdulmusleh al-Bidwi (educationalist)
Alia Aldahlawi (researcher in microbiology)
Fatimah al-Shehri
Fardous Saud al-Saleh (doctorate in nuclear physics)
Fawzia Aba al-Khail (Fawziyya Abu Khalid?)
Kawthar al-Arbash (writer and journalist)
Latifa Ahmad al-Buainain
Latifah Ashaalan (Associate professor of psychology at Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University)
Lina K. Almaeena (member of the Kingdom Young Business Women Council)
Mona Almushait (Associate professor in obstetrics and gynecology at King Khalid University)
Mastourah Obaid Al-Shammari
Nihad Al-Jishi
Nora Abdulrahman Al-Yousif
Nora Faraj al-Musaed (sociology professor at King Abdulaziz University)
Nora Al-Shaaban
Nora Mohammed al-Merri (researcher on Arabic literature)
Huda Abdurahman Al-Halisi
Mody AlKhalaf (diplomat)
See also
Saudi Arabia portal
Saad Albazei
Unicameral legislature
Ibrahim Al-Buleihi
Politics of Saudi Arabia
List of legislatures by country
Abdullah Mohammed Al-Hugail
References
^ "Shura Council Law, art. 3". Government of Saudi Arabia.
^ a b c Al Mulhim, Abdulateef (23 February 2013). "Saudi Stability and Royal Succession". Arab News. Archived from the original on 4 January 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
^ a b "Saudi Arabia's Shura Council Wants Women To Lead in Civil Service". About Her. 2018. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
^ "Saudi Arabia's Version Of Parliament Has More Women Than U.S. Congress". m.huffpost.com. 15 December 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
^ "Majlis Al-Shura (Consultative Council) | The Embassy of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia". www.saudiembassy.net. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
^ Wilson, Peter W. and Graham, Douglas: Saudi Arabia: The Coming Storm (1994)
^ a b Al Kahtani, Mohammad Zaid (December 2004). "The Foreign Policy of King Abdulaziz" (PDF). University of Leeds. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
^ a b Cordesman, Anthony H. (30 October 2002). "Saudi Arabia enters the 21st century: III. Politics and internal stability" (PDF). Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). Retrieved 24 January 2021.
^ a b c The Middle East and North Africa 2003. Taylor & Francis. 2002. ISBN 978-1-85743-132-2.
^ "Shura in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Historical Background". Majlis ash Shura. Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
^ "Saudis vote in municipal elections, results on Sunday". Oman Observer/AFP. 30 September 2011. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
^ a b c d "Saudi king grants women seats on advisory council for 1st time". Fox News. 14 May 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
^ "Women on 3 Shoura panels". Saudi Gazette. 25 February 2013. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
^ a b Kapiszewski, Andrzej (2006). "Saudi Arabia: Steps Toward Democratization or Reconfiguration of Authoritarianism?f". Journal of African and Asian Studies. 41 (5–6): 459–482. doi:10.1177/0021909606067407. S2CID 144162867. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
^ a b c "Saudi Arabia – Majlis Ash Shura (Consultative Council)". International Parliamentary Union. 2011. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
^ a b "Next Shoura Council members". Saudi Gazette. 15 February 2009. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
^ "New Shoura secretary-general appointed". Arab News. 16 May 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
^ a b c d e f The Shura Council of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – A Brief History
^ "Top officials' term is extended by four years". 25 May 2001.
^ "Okaz Archive Consultative Assembly". Okaz. 15 September 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
^ Aba-Namay, Rashed (1998). "The New Saudi Representative Assembly". Islamic Law and Society. 5 (2): 235–265. doi:10.1163/1568519982599490. JSTOR 3399342.
^ "Committees". Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia. 2015. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
^ "A critical analysis of the literature in Women's leadership in Saudi Arabia". Researchplusjournals.com. March 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
^ "Breakthrough in Saudi Arabia: women allowed in parliament". Al Arabiya. 11 January 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
^ Ismaeel Naar (4 December 2016). "Who are the women named in Saudi Arabia's Shoura council?". Alarabiya.net. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia.
IPU report on the Saudi Shura
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It is a deliberative assembly that advises the King on issues that are important to Saudi Arabia. It has the power to propose laws to the King of Saudi Arabia and his cabinet to prove it and pass it. It has 150 members, all appointed by the king and chosen \"from amongst scholars, those of knowledge, expertise and specialists\".[1] Since 2013, the Assembly has included 30 female members out of the total of 150 members, after a 20 percent minimum quota for women was imposed.[2][3][4] The Consultative Assembly is headed by a Speaker. As of 2016[update], the Speaker was Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh, in line with a tradition that kept the post in that family.[citation needed] The Assembly is based in al-Yamamah Palace, Riyadh.","title":"Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"The Consultative Assembly is permitted to propose draft laws and forward them to the king, but only the King has the power to pass or enforce them. However, the mandate of Majlis Al-Shura was broadened in 2004 to include proposing new legislation and amending existing laws without prior submission to the King.[5] The Assembly has the power to interpret laws, as well as examine annual reports referred to it by state ministries and agencies. It can also advise the king on policies that he submits to it, along with international treaties and economic plans. The Assembly is also authorized to review the country's annual budget, and call in ministers for questioning.[6]The influence of the Assembly in its present form comes from its responsibility for the kingdom's five-year development plans, from which the annual budgets are derived, its ability to summon government officials for questioning, and its role as policy debate forum.[citation needed]","title":"Influence"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"King Abdulaziz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Abdulaziz"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-kahtani-7"},{"link_name":"King Faisal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cordes02-8"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-kahtani-7"},{"link_name":"King Saud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saud_of_Saudi_Arabia"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cordes02-8"},{"link_name":"King Fahd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Fahd"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Eur2002-9"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Eur2002-9"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Hague_and_Abdullah_ibn_Muhammad_Al_ash-Sheikh.jpg"},{"link_name":"Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Muhammad_Al_ash-Sheikh"},{"link_name":"William Hague","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hague"},{"link_name":"International Parliamentary Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Parliamentary_Union"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-shura-10"},{"link_name":"2011 municipal elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_municipal_elections,_2011"},{"link_name":"King Abdullah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-oman_observer_electionday-11"},{"link_name":"King Abdullah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-foxnews1-12"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-foxnews1-12"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-foxnews1-12"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-foxnews1-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-saudigazette1-13"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mul23feb-2"}],"text":"The first Majlis ash-Shura (Consultative Assembly) was founded by King Abdulaziz on 13 January 1926.[7] It was first named the Shura Council of the Hijaz and chaired by his son, King Faisal.[8] However, the complete institutionalization of the assembly was finalized in 1932.[7] Later, it was expanded to include twenty-five members at the beginning of King Saud's reign. However, its functions were transferred to the Cabinet of Ministers due to political pressures of the royal family members. On the other hand, Majlis ash-Shura was not officially dissolved and remained ineffective until King Fahd revived it in 2000.[8]King Fahd decreed a new Majlis ash-Shura Law on 24 November 2000, which replaced the previous law that had been effective since 1928, and decreed the bylaws of the council and their supplements on 22 August 1993. The first term council (1993–1997) had a speaker and 60 members.[9]: 949 The membership was increased by 30 in each of the following terms: the second term 90 members (1997–2001),[9]: 950 third term 120 members (2001–2005) and fourth term 150 members (2005–2009). Thus, the number of members increased to 150 members plus the speaker in the fourth term council.Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh with British foreign secretary William Hague in London, 5 March 2013Having been expanded in 1997 and 2001, the council achieved a place in the International Parliamentary Union by the end of 2003. The fourth term council held 845 sessions and issued 1174 declarations during its second year.[10] In September 2011, just a few days before the 2011 municipal elections, King Abdullah stated that women may become members of the council.[11]In January 2013, King Abdullah issued two royal decrees, granting women thirty seats on the council, and stating that women must always hold at least a fifth of the seats on the council.[12] According to the decrees, the female council members must be \"committed to Islamic Shariah disciplines without any violations\" and be \"restrained by the religious veil.\"[12] The decrees also said that the female council members would be entering the council building from special gates, sit in seats reserved for women and pray in special worshipping places.[12] Earlier, officials said that a screen would separate genders and an internal communications network would allow men and women to communicate.[12] Women first joined the council in 2013, and three were named as deputy chairpersons of three committees: Thurayya Obeid (deputy chairwoman of the human rights and petitions committee), Zainab Abu Talib (deputy chairwoman of the information and cultural committee) and Lubna Al Ansari (deputy chairwoman of the health affairs and environment committee).[13][2]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hanbali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbali"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Eur2002-9"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-kapand-14"},{"link_name":"no women","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IPU_2009_2013-15"},{"link_name":"Dr. Abdullah bin Mohammed al ash Sheikh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Muhammad_Al_ash-Sheikh"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IPU_2009_2013-15"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-shura_members-16"},{"link_name":"Abdulrahman bin Abdullah Al Barrak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulrahman_bin_Abdullah_Al_Barrak"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-shura_members-16"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IPU_2009_2013-15"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-arabnews2012-17"}],"text":"Sheikh Mohammed bin Ibrahim bin Jubair, who was a respected Hanbali jurist and former Minister of Justice, was appointed as the president of the first Council term and of successive ones.[9] He remained the president until his death in 2002, and was replaced by Saleh bin Abdullah bin Homaid.[14]The fifth term council (2009–2012), which started on 28 February 2009, included the topic of no women[15] and is led by chairman Dr. Abdullah bin Mohammed al ash Sheikh,[15] who is former minister of Justice. He is regarded as a highly respected Islamic scholar, and its appointment is considered to be a move to reassure religious conservatives that the Majlis is being guided by Sharia in its deliberations.[citation needed]The deputy chairman in the fifth term is Dr. Bandar bin Mohammed Hamza Asad Hajar.[16] Assistant chairman was Abdulrahman bin Abdullah Al Barrak from February 2009 to December 2011.[16] Secretary-general of the Assembly is Mohammed A. Al Ghamdi.[15] Al Ghamdi, whose four-year term expired in May 2012, was replaced by Mohammed al Amr as the new secretary general of the council.[17]","title":"Leadership"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-kapand-14"}],"text":"The Council members appear to be chosen from different provinces, representing three significant groups: religious establishment, bureaucracy and the business groups. They seem to be followers of both conservative and liberal ideologies, and are usually highly educated and experienced people who are regarded as experts in their fields. Mostly academics, retired senior officers, ex-civil servants and businessmen have been chosen as the members of the council.[14]","title":"Members"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"sub_title":"2005–2009 term","text":"The distribution of members based on their occupation for the 2005–2009 (fourth) term is as follows:[20]","title":"Members"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"the United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_United_States"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia"},{"link_name":"the United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"},{"link_name":"Egypt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt"},{"link_name":"Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"2009–2013 term","text":"During the 2009–2013 term, half of the members (43% of the new appointees) had a university education in the United States, and 70% of them had PhDs. The Council members for the 2009–2013 term are considered to be technocrats who are experts rather than local leaders.[citation needed] Their educational background was as follows: 16% bachelor's degrees; 13% master's degrees; 70% PhDs; and 1% MDs.[citation needed] The distribution of the members in terms of countries where they were educated is as follows: 49% in the United States; 29% in Saudi Arabia; 16% in the United Kingdom; 3% in France; 1% in Germany; 1% in Egypt; and 1% in Pakistan.[citation needed]The representation of provinces at the council is given below:[citation needed]","title":"Members"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mul23feb-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AboutHer_30women_in_Shura-3"}],"sub_title":"2013–present","text":"Since 2013, the Assembly has included 30 women members out of the total of 150 members.[2][3]","title":"Members"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-namay-21"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consultative_Assembly_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-shura_committees-22"}],"text":"In its original form, the Council consisted of eight specialized committees. These committees were identified in December 1995. Committees and their allocated number of members were as follows: Committee on Social and Health Affairs (7 members); Committee on Economic and Financial Affairs (8 members); Committee on Legislation and Administration (5 members); Committee on Foreign Affairs (7 members); Committee on Islamic Affairs (7 members); Committee on Service and the Public Sector (8 members); Committee on Education, Culture and Information Affairs (9 members); and Committee on Security Affairs (6 members).[21]Later, the number of the committees was expanded. As of March 2015[update], the assembly consists of thirteen committees:[22]Islamic, Judicial Affairs\nSocial, Family, and Youth Affairs Committee\nEconomic Affairs and Energy Committee\nSecurity Affairs Committee\nEducational and Scientific Research Affairs Committee\nCultural and Informational Affairs Committee\nForeign Affairs Committee\nHealth and Environmental Affairs Committee\nFinancial Affairs Committee\nTransportation, Communications, Information Technology Committee\nWater and Public Facilities and Services Committee\nAdministration, Human Resources and Petitions Committee\nHuman Rights and Petitions.","title":"Committees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"115th United States Congress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/115th_United_States_Congress"},{"link_name":"Sara bint Faisal Al Saud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_bint_Faisal_Al_Saud"},{"link_name":"Moudi bint Khalid Al Saud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moudi_bint_Khalid_Al_Saud"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IJAMBR_women_2018-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"Jazan University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazan_University"},{"link_name":"Hanan Abdulrahman al-Ahmadi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanan_Al-Ahmadi"},{"link_name":"Institute of Public Administration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Public_Administration_(Saudi_Arabia)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Alia Aldahlawi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alia_Aldahlawi"},{"link_name":"Fawziyya Abu Khalid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fawziyya_Abu_Khalid"},{"link_name":"Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Nora_bint_Abdul_Rahman_University"},{"link_name":"King Khalid University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Khalid_University"},{"link_name":"King Abdulaziz University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Abdulaziz_University"},{"link_name":"Arabic literature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_literature"}],"text":"Women were first allowed to join the council in 2013. As of October 2017, women make up 20% of the Assembly's total number, slightly more than the 115th United States Congress (19.3%). Among these are Sara bint Faisal Al Saud and Moudi bint Khalid Al Saud, both members of the Saudi royal family.[23][24] As of December 2016, the following women were members of the council:[25]Khawla Sami Alkuraya\nAhlam Mohammed al-Hakmi (academic scholar, dean at Jazan University)\nAsma Saleh al-Zahrani (academic scholar)\nIqbal zain al-Abedin Darandri (statistics and research)\nAmal Salama al-Shaman\nJawaher Dhafer al-Anizi\nJawhara Nasser al-Yami\nHamda Maqbool al-Joufi\nHanan Abdulrahman al-Ahmadi (Associate professor of health administration at the Institute of Public Administration); Assistant Speaker since October 2020\nRaedah Abdullah Abunayan\nZainab Abu Taleb\nSamia Abdullah Bakhari (academic and religious scholar)\nSultanah Abdulmusleh al-Bidwi (educationalist)\nAlia Aldahlawi (researcher in microbiology)\nFatimah al-Shehri\nFardous Saud al-Saleh (doctorate in nuclear physics)\nFawzia Aba al-Khail (Fawziyya Abu Khalid?)\nKawthar al-Arbash (writer and journalist)\nLatifa Ahmad al-Buainain\nLatifah Ashaalan (Associate professor of psychology at Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University)\nLina K. Almaeena (member of the Kingdom Young Business Women Council)\nMona Almushait (Associate professor in obstetrics and gynecology at King Khalid University)\nMastourah Obaid Al-Shammari\nNihad Al-Jishi\nNora Abdulrahman Al-Yousif\nNora Faraj al-Musaed (sociology professor at King Abdulaziz University)\nNora Al-Shaaban\nNora Mohammed al-Merri (researcher on Arabic literature)\nHuda Abdurahman Al-Halisi\nMody AlKhalaf (diplomat)","title":"Women members"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh with British foreign secretary William Hague in London, 5 March 2013","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/William_Hague_and_Abdullah_ibn_Muhammad_Al_ash-Sheikh.jpg/220px-William_Hague_and_Abdullah_ibn_Muhammad_Al_ash-Sheikh.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"Saudi Arabia portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Saudi_Arabia"},{"title":"Saad Albazei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saad_Albazei"},{"title":"Unicameral legislature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicameral_legislature"},{"title":"Ibrahim Al-Buleihi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Al-Buleihi"},{"title":"Politics of Saudi Arabia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Saudi_Arabia"},{"title":"List of legislatures by country","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country"},{"title":"Abdullah Mohammed Al-Hugail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Mohammed_Al-Hugail"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Shura Council Law, art. 3\". Government of Saudi Arabia.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Laws+and+Regulations/The+Shura+Council+and+the+rules+and+regulations+job/Shura+Council+Law/","url_text":"\"Shura Council Law, art. 3\""}]},{"reference":"Al Mulhim, Abdulateef (23 February 2013). \"Saudi Stability and Royal Succession\". Arab News. Archived from the original on 4 January 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160104203009/http://www.grc.net/?Search=&frm_title=&frm_action=detail_book&frm_module=contents&frm_researchprogramid=77&p_id=&sec=Research+Programs&book_id=80338&frm_pageno=&sec_type=d&isgrc=&frm_type_id=&override=Research+Program+Detail+%3E+Saudi+Stability+and+Royal+Succession&op_lang=en","url_text":"\"Saudi Stability and Royal Succession\""},{"url":"http://www.grc.net/?Search=&frm_title=&frm_action=detail_book&frm_module=contents&frm_researchprogramid=77&p_id=&sec=Research+Programs&book_id=80338&frm_pageno=&sec_type=d&isgrc=&frm_type_id=&override=Research+Program+Detail+%3E+Saudi+Stability+and+Royal+Succession&op_lang=en","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Saudi Arabia's Shura Council Wants Women To Lead in Civil Service\". About Her. 2018. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190501191540/https://www.abouther.com/node/17516/people/features/saudi-arabias-shura-council-wants-women-lead-civil-service","url_text":"\"Saudi Arabia's Shura Council Wants Women To Lead in Civil Service\""},{"url":"https://www.abouther.com/node/17516/people/features/saudi-arabias-shura-council-wants-women-lead-civil-service","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Saudi Arabia's Version Of Parliament Has More Women Than U.S. Congress\". m.huffpost.com. 15 December 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/8812762/amp","url_text":"\"Saudi Arabia's Version Of Parliament Has More Women Than U.S. Congress\""}]},{"reference":"\"Majlis Al-Shura (Consultative Council) | The Embassy of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\". www.saudiembassy.net. 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Taylor & Francis. 2002. ISBN 978-1-85743-132-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=4CfBKvsiWeQC","url_text":"The Middle East and North Africa 2003"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-132-2","url_text":"978-1-85743-132-2"}]},{"reference":"\"Shura in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Historical Background\". Majlis ash Shura. Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120226211124/http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Historical+BG/","url_text":"\"Shura in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Historical Background\""},{"url":"http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Historical+BG/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Saudis vote in municipal elections, results on Sunday\". Oman Observer/AFP. 30 September 2011. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120119050656/http://main.omanobserver.om/node/66706","url_text":"\"Saudis vote in municipal elections, results on Sunday\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman_Observer","url_text":"Oman Observer"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France_Presse","url_text":"AFP"},{"url":"http://main.omanobserver.om/node/66706","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Saudi king grants women seats on advisory council for 1st time\". Fox News. 14 May 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/01/11/saudi-king-grants-women-seats-on-advisory-council-for-1st-time/?test=latestnews#ixzz2HhcBjotw","url_text":"\"Saudi king grants women seats on advisory council for 1st time\""}]},{"reference":"\"Women on 3 Shoura panels\". Saudi Gazette. 25 February 2013. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. 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Retrieved 29 April 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://212.119.67.87/okazarchive/Data/2005/4/12/Art_208113.XML","url_text":"\"Okaz Archive Consultative Assembly\""}]},{"reference":"Aba-Namay, Rashed (1998). \"The New Saudi Representative Assembly\". Islamic Law and Society. 5 (2): 235–265. doi:10.1163/1568519982599490. JSTOR 3399342.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1568519982599490","url_text":"10.1163/1568519982599490"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3399342","url_text":"3399342"}]},{"reference":"\"Committees\". Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia. 2015. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110216004738/http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/committees/","url_text":"\"Committees\""},{"url":"http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/committees/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"A critical analysis of the literature in Women's leadership in Saudi Arabia\". Researchplusjournals.com. March 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://researchplusjournals.com/index.php/IJBAMR/article/download/247/460","url_text":"\"A critical analysis of the literature in Women's leadership in Saudi Arabia\""}]},{"reference":"\"Breakthrough in Saudi Arabia: women allowed in parliament\". Al Arabiya. 11 January 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/01/11/259881.html","url_text":"\"Breakthrough in Saudi Arabia: women allowed in parliament\""}]},{"reference":"Ismaeel Naar (4 December 2016). \"Who are the women named in Saudi Arabia's Shoura council?\". Alarabiya.net. Retrieved 2 April 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2016/12/04/Who-are-the-women-named-in-Saudi-Arabia-s-Shoura-council-.html","url_text":"\"Who are the women named in Saudi Arabia's Shoura council?\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Home/","external_links_name":"Official English Site"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consultative_Assembly_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit","external_links_name":"[update]"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consultative_Assembly_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit","external_links_name":"[update]"},{"Link":"https://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Laws+and+Regulations/The+Shura+Council+and+the+rules+and+regulations+job/Shura+Council+Law/","external_links_name":"\"Shura Council Law, art. 3\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160104203009/http://www.grc.net/?Search=&frm_title=&frm_action=detail_book&frm_module=contents&frm_researchprogramid=77&p_id=&sec=Research+Programs&book_id=80338&frm_pageno=&sec_type=d&isgrc=&frm_type_id=&override=Research+Program+Detail+%3E+Saudi+Stability+and+Royal+Succession&op_lang=en","external_links_name":"\"Saudi Stability and Royal Succession\""},{"Link":"http://www.grc.net/?Search=&frm_title=&frm_action=detail_book&frm_module=contents&frm_researchprogramid=77&p_id=&sec=Research+Programs&book_id=80338&frm_pageno=&sec_type=d&isgrc=&frm_type_id=&override=Research+Program+Detail+%3E+Saudi+Stability+and+Royal+Succession&op_lang=en","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190501191540/https://www.abouther.com/node/17516/people/features/saudi-arabias-shura-council-wants-women-lead-civil-service","external_links_name":"\"Saudi Arabia's Shura Council Wants Women To Lead in Civil Service\""},{"Link":"https://www.abouther.com/node/17516/people/features/saudi-arabias-shura-council-wants-women-lead-civil-service","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/8812762/amp","external_links_name":"\"Saudi Arabia's Version Of Parliament Has More Women Than U.S. Congress\""},{"Link":"https://www.saudiembassy.net/majlis-al-shura-consultative-council","external_links_name":"\"Majlis Al-Shura (Consultative Council) | The Embassy of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\""},{"Link":"http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/529/1/uk_bl_ethos_412035.pdf","external_links_name":"\"The Foreign Policy of King Abdulaziz\""},{"Link":"http://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/s21_03.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Saudi Arabia enters the 21st century: III. Politics and internal stability\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=4CfBKvsiWeQC","external_links_name":"The Middle East and North Africa 2003"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120226211124/http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Historical+BG/","external_links_name":"\"Shura in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Historical Background\""},{"Link":"http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Historical+BG/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120119050656/http://main.omanobserver.om/node/66706","external_links_name":"\"Saudis vote in municipal elections, results on Sunday\""},{"Link":"http://main.omanobserver.om/node/66706","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/01/11/saudi-king-grants-women-seats-on-advisory-council-for-1st-time/?test=latestnews#ixzz2HhcBjotw","external_links_name":"\"Saudi king grants women seats on advisory council for 1st time\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150218023529/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130225154468","external_links_name":"\"Women on 3 Shoura panels\""},{"Link":"http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130225154468","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://jas.sagepub.com/content/41/5-6/459","external_links_name":"\"Saudi Arabia: Steps Toward Democratization or Reconfiguration of Authoritarianism?f\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0021909606067407","external_links_name":"10.1177/0021909606067407"},{"Link":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144162867","external_links_name":"144162867"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110611050454/http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2373_A.htm","external_links_name":"\"Saudi Arabia – Majlis Ash Shura (Consultative Council)\""},{"Link":"http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2373_A.htm","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120913144411/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2009021529326","external_links_name":"\"Next Shoura Council members\""},{"Link":"http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2009021529326","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.arabnews.com/new-shoura-secy-genappointed","external_links_name":"\"New Shoura secretary-general appointed\""},{"Link":"https://www.shura.gov.sa/img/en/books/BriefHistoryEn.pdf","external_links_name":"The Shura Council of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – A Brief History"},{"Link":"http://www.arabnews.com/node/212039","external_links_name":"\"Top officials' term is extended by four years\""},{"Link":"http://212.119.67.87/okazarchive/Data/2005/4/12/Art_208113.XML","external_links_name":"\"Okaz Archive Consultative Assembly\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1568519982599490","external_links_name":"10.1163/1568519982599490"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3399342","external_links_name":"3399342"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110216004738/http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/committees/","external_links_name":"\"Committees\""},{"Link":"http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/committees/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://researchplusjournals.com/index.php/IJBAMR/article/download/247/460","external_links_name":"\"A critical analysis of the literature in Women's leadership in Saudi Arabia\""},{"Link":"http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/01/11/259881.html","external_links_name":"\"Breakthrough in Saudi Arabia: women allowed in parliament\""},{"Link":"http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2016/12/04/Who-are-the-women-named-in-Saudi-Arabia-s-Shoura-council-.html","external_links_name":"\"Who are the women named in Saudi Arabia's Shoura council?\""},{"Link":"http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2373_A.htm","external_links_name":"IPU report on the Saudi Shura"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athinoula_A._Martinos_Center_for_Biomedical_Imaging
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Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
|
["1 References"]
|
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Hospital in MA , United StatesAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingMassachusetts General HospitalGeographyLocation149 13th StreetCharlestown, MA 02129, United StatesOrganizationAffiliated universityHarvard Medical School, MITNetworkMassachusetts General HospitalHistoryOpened1989 (as the MGH NMR Center)LinksWebsitewww.martinos.orgListsHospitals in the United States
The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, usually referred to as just the "Martinos Center," is a major hub of biomedical imaging technology development and translational research. The Center is part of the Department of Radiology at Massachusetts General Hospital and is affiliated with both Harvard University and MIT. Bruce Rosen is the Director of the Center and Monica Langone is the Administrative Director.
The core technologies being developed and used at the Center are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), optical imaging techniques (microscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy), positron emission tomography (PET), molecular imaging, medical image computing (MIC), health informatics, artificial intelligence in healthcare, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. A particular area of innovation at the Center is Multimodal Functional Neuroimaging, which involves the integration of imaging technologies for neuroscience applications. Major areas of research at the Center include: psychiatric, neurologic and neurovascular disorders; basic and cognitive neuroscience; cardiovascular disease; cancer; and more. Scientific investigation and technology development is funded through government, industry and other research grants.
The center is located in the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) East Campus in the Charlestown Navy Yard, 149 13th St. Charlestown, MA 02129. Separately, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is home to its own Martinos Imaging Center.
The Martinos Center is home to approximately 120 faculty members and more than 100 postdoctoral research fellows and graduate students, and is a resource to hundreds of researchers and students throughout Boston, the United States and the world. The research faculty are basic scientists and clinicians interested in a broad range of biologically and medically important questions. They work in conjunction with physical scientists, computer scientists, and engineers to develop new imaging technologies and research applications, and to bring these developments to the sphere of medical care. Some of the prominent faculty at the Center include Bruce Rosen, Lawrence Wald, David Boas, Jacob Hooker, Julie C. Price, Peter Caravan, Anna Moore, Umar Mahmood, Randy Buckner, Matthew S. Rosen, Maria Angela Franceschini, Bruce Fischl and Marco Loggia.
The Center includes investigators and their laboratories based at the MGH research campus in Charlestown, as well as numerous other researchers from various departments within MGH, and other local, national and international institutions. Most Martinos Center-based faculty members have primary appointments in Radiology at MGH and Harvard, some with secondary appointments at MIT. Several of the investigators from other MGH departments and other institutions work at the Center, while even more conduct long- and short-term imaging studies at the Center and maintain their base elsewhere.
The center is a member or collaborator with NCRR (and BIRN), NIDA, NIBIB, National Cancer Institute, NINDS, NCCAM, ONDCP, and The MIND Institute. The center also has a strategic corporate partnerships with Siemens Medical Solutions, Pfizer Inc., and Canon Inc. It is also a Harvard Catalyst site, and incorporates research projects from Boston University, McLean Hospital, and other Boston institutions.
At the MGH Navy Yard site, there are eight large bore and five small bore MRI scanning bays used primarily for research, including the high-gradient field Human Connectome Project scanner, a 7 Tesla magnet for human radiography, and a combined PET-MRI. The Martinos Center also served as the site for the development of magnetoencephalography (MEG), and software development for analysis of MEG data is ongoing at the facility. New MRI and MRS sequences are developed in conjunction with Martinos, Harvard, and MIT faculty. In addition, the Center serves as a development site for new Siemens equipment, such as 32, 64, and 128 channel MRI coils which were designed and prototyped there.
References
^ "Center Leadership | Martinos Center". 2019-04-01. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
^ "Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Martinos Center". 2019-06-19. Retrieved 2021-11-20.
Martinos Center Research
Martinos Center About Overview
Martinos Center Virtual Tour
Martinos Center Strategic Partnership with Siemens Medical Solutions
Martinos Center Major Funding Sources and Initiatives
Siemens AG Research Cooperation with the Martinos Center
HealthImaging:Automated MRI measures may identify early Alzheimer's at
New York Times: Lost Chances for Survival, Before and After Stroke
The Washington Post: Migraine Tied to Thickening in Brain Area
The Washington Post: Scientists Probe the Idle Mind
Authority control databases
ISNI
|
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Price","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_C._Price"},{"link_name":"Randy Buckner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Buckner"},{"link_name":"Matthew S. Rosen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_S._Rosen"},{"link_name":"Marco Loggia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Loggia"},{"link_name":"NCRR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Research_Resources"},{"link_name":"BIRN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_Informatics_Research_Network"},{"link_name":"NIDA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_on_Drug_Abuse"},{"link_name":"National Cancer Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cancer_Institute"},{"link_name":"NINDS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NINDS"},{"link_name":"NCCAM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCCAM"},{"link_name":"ONDCP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ONDCP"},{"link_name":"The MIND Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MIND_Institute"},{"link_name":"Siemens Medical Solutions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_Healthcare"},{"link_name":"Harvard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University"},{"link_name":"Boston University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_University"},{"link_name":"McLean Hospital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLean_Hospital"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Human Connectome Project","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Connectome_Project"},{"link_name":"Tesla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit)"}],"text":"Hospital in MA , United StatesThe Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, usually referred to as just the \"Martinos Center,\" is a major hub of biomedical imaging technology development and translational research. The Center is part of the Department of Radiology at Massachusetts General Hospital and is affiliated with both Harvard University and MIT. Bruce Rosen is the Director of the Center and Monica Langone is the Administrative Director.[1]The core technologies being developed and used at the Center are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), optical imaging techniques (microscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy), positron emission tomography (PET), molecular imaging, medical image computing (MIC), health informatics, artificial intelligence in healthcare, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. A particular area of innovation at the Center is Multimodal Functional Neuroimaging, which involves the integration of imaging technologies for neuroscience applications. Major areas of research at the Center include: psychiatric, neurologic and neurovascular disorders; basic and cognitive neuroscience; cardiovascular disease; cancer; and more. Scientific investigation and technology development is funded through government, industry and other research grants.The center is located in the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) East Campus in the Charlestown Navy Yard, 149 13th St. Charlestown, MA 02129. Separately, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is home to its own Martinos Imaging Center.The Martinos Center is home to approximately 120 faculty members and more than 100 postdoctoral research fellows and graduate students, and is a resource to hundreds of researchers and students throughout Boston, the United States and the world. The research faculty are basic scientists and clinicians interested in a broad range of biologically and medically important questions. They work in conjunction with physical scientists, computer scientists, and engineers to develop new imaging technologies and research applications, and to bring these developments to the sphere of medical care. Some of the prominent faculty at the Center include Bruce Rosen, Lawrence Wald, David Boas, Jacob Hooker, Julie C. Price, Peter Caravan, Anna Moore, Umar Mahmood, Randy Buckner, Matthew S. Rosen, Maria Angela Franceschini, Bruce Fischl and Marco Loggia.The Center includes investigators and their laboratories based at the MGH research campus in Charlestown, as well as numerous other researchers from various departments within MGH, and other local, national and international institutions. Most Martinos Center-based faculty members have primary appointments in Radiology at MGH and Harvard, some with secondary appointments at MIT. Several of the investigators from other MGH departments and other institutions work at the Center, while even more conduct long- and short-term imaging studies at the Center and maintain their base elsewhere.The center is a member or collaborator with NCRR (and BIRN), NIDA, NIBIB, National Cancer Institute, NINDS, NCCAM, ONDCP, and The MIND Institute. The center also has a strategic corporate partnerships with Siemens Medical Solutions, Pfizer Inc., and Canon Inc. It is also a Harvard Catalyst site, and incorporates research projects from Boston University, McLean Hospital, and other Boston institutions.At the MGH Navy Yard site, there are eight large bore and five small bore MRI scanning bays used primarily for research,[2] including the high-gradient field Human Connectome Project scanner, a 7 Tesla magnet for human radiography, and a combined PET-MRI. The Martinos Center also served as the site for the development of magnetoencephalography (MEG), and software development for analysis of MEG data is ongoing at the facility. New MRI and MRS sequences are developed in conjunction with Martinos, Harvard, and MIT faculty. In addition, the Center serves as a development site for new Siemens equipment, such as 32, 64, and 128 channel MRI coils which were designed and prototyped there.","title":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Center Leadership | Martinos Center\". 2019-04-01. Retrieved 2021-10-30.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.martinos.org/about-the-center/center-leadership/","url_text":"\"Center Leadership | Martinos Center\""}]},{"reference":"\"Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Martinos Center\". 2019-06-19. Retrieved 2021-11-20.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.martinos.org/core-services/magnetic-resonance-imaging/","url_text":"\"Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Martinos Center\""}]}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Taranto
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Port of Taranto
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["1 History","1.1 Roman times","1.2 World War II","2 References"]
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Coordinates: 40°28′48″N 17°13′12″E / 40.48000°N 17.22000°E / 40.48000; 17.22000Port of TarantoClick on the map for a fullscreen view
Port in Italy
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Port of Taranto" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
The Port of Taranto (Italian: Porto di Taranto) is a port serving Taranto, southeastern Italy. One of the first in Italy for goods traffic, it is located on the northern coast of the gulf and plays an important role commercially and strategically. It has three entrances, two of which are operational. Its management is entrusted to the Port Authority, which is based within the port. Since 2011 the container terminal has been run by the Taranto Container Terminal SpA, which is 60% owned by Hutchison Whampoa and 40% owned by Evergreen Marine Corporation.
History
Roman times
During the Second Punic War Taranto (then called Tarentum) was first captured by the Carthaginians during the Battle of Tarentum (212 BC) and then recaptured by the Romans in the Battle of Tarentum (209 BC).
World War II
During World War II, there were two important military operation in Taranto, the Battle of Taranto in 1940 and Operation Slapstick in 1943.
References
^ "Evergreen lascia Taranto per il Pireo" (in Italian). Trasportoeuropa.it. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
40°28′48″N 17°13′12″E / 40.48000°N 17.22000°E / 40.48000; 17.22000
This article related to ports, harbors or marinas is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This article about an Italian building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Italian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language"},{"link_name":"Taranto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taranto"},{"link_name":"Hutchison Whampoa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutchison_Whampoa"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Port in ItalyThe Port of Taranto (Italian: Porto di Taranto) is a port serving Taranto, southeastern Italy. One of the first in Italy for goods traffic, it is located on the northern coast of the gulf and plays an important role commercially and strategically. It has three entrances, two of which are operational. Its management is entrusted to the Port Authority, which is based within the port. Since 2011 the container terminal has been run by the Taranto Container Terminal SpA, which is 60% owned by Hutchison Whampoa and 40% owned by Evergreen Marine Corporation.[1]","title":"Port of Taranto"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Second Punic War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Punic_War"},{"link_name":"Carthaginians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthaginians"},{"link_name":"Battle of Tarentum (212 BC)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tarentum_(212_BC)"},{"link_name":"Romans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome"},{"link_name":"Battle of Tarentum (209 BC)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tarentum_(209_BC)"}],"sub_title":"Roman times","text":"During the Second Punic War Taranto (then called Tarentum) was first captured by the Carthaginians during the Battle of Tarentum (212 BC) and then recaptured by the Romans in the Battle of Tarentum (209 BC).","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"Taranto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taranto"},{"link_name":"Battle of Taranto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Taranto"},{"link_name":"Operation Slapstick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Slapstick"}],"sub_title":"World War II","text":"During World War II, there were two important military operation in Taranto, the Battle of Taranto in 1940 and Operation Slapstick in 1943.","title":"History"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Meteor_Network
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North American Meteor Network
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["1 See also","2 References","3 External links"]
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The North American Meteor Network (NAMN) was established in June 1995 as an electronic social network of people using the Web to share an interest in meteors. With over 600 members, NAMN has three main purposes:
to recruit amateurs into the ranks of meteor observing
provide guidance, instructions and training in the methods of meteor observing
coordinate meteor observations in order to collect useful data for investigating sporadic and meteor shower activity
NAMN publishes a monthly newsletter NAMN Notes and co-sponsors the Global Meteor Observing Forum meteorobs.
See also
List of astronomical societies
References
Recent NAMN Meteor Observations
External links
Official NAMN Website
Portals: North America Astronomy Stars Spaceflight Outer space Solar System Education Science
This World Wide Web–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This article about an organization or institute connected with astronomy is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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[{"title":"List of astronomical societies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_astronomical_societies"}]
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[]
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[{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080118091506/http://www.namnmeteors.org/recent_observations.html","external_links_name":"Recent NAMN Meteor Observations"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080118092241/http://www.namnmeteors.org/","external_links_name":"Official NAMN Website"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_Meteor_Network&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_Meteor_Network&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Complete_Studio_Recordings_(Led_Zeppelin_album)
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The Complete Studio Recordings (Led Zeppelin album)
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["1 Track listing","2 Personnel","3 Certifications","4 Release history","5 References","6 External links"]
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "The Complete Studio Recordings" Led Zeppelin album – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
1993 box set by Led ZeppelinThe Complete Studio RecordingsBox set by Led ZeppelinReleased24 September 1993 (1993-09-24)RecordedOctober 1968 – December 1978Genre
Hard rock
heavy metal
blues rock
folk rock
Length436:10LabelAtlanticProducerJimmy PageCompilerJimmy PageLed Zeppelin compilations chronology
Led Zeppelin Boxed Set 2(1993)
The Complete Studio Recordings(1993)
BBC Sessions(1997)
Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusicThe Encyclopedia of Popular Music
The Complete Studio Recordings is a ten compact disc box set by the English rock group Led Zeppelin, released by Atlantic Records on 24 September 1993. It contains all nine of the original Led Zeppelin studio albums digitally remastered, plus an expanded version of the posthumous release Coda. The discs are physically paired together in double-disc booklets and arranged in chronological order, with the exception of Presence (placed between Houses of the Holy and Physical Graffiti) being paired with Houses of the Holy in order to keep the two discs of Physical Graffiti together in the same case.
Four bonus tracks were added to the Coda disc. These were the previously unreleased "Baby Come On Home" which had appeared on Led Zeppelin Boxed Set 2 (1993), along with the previously unreleased tracks that had surfaced on the 1990 box set: "Travelling Riverside Blues" and "White Summer/Black Mountain Side", as well as the "Immigrant Song" B-side "Hey, Hey, What Can I Do". This expanded version of Coda created for the box set was also later released to digital stores in 2007 with the digital release of the full Led Zeppelin catalog, but with "Travelling Riverside Blues" omitted due to it already being included in BBC Sessions (1997).
The set also includes a booklet featuring an extended essay by rock journalist Cameron Crowe and photos of the band.
The album cover depicts the inside structure of a zeppelin.
This title was discontinued just prior to the launch of Mothership, and is now superseded by the Definitive Collection Mini LP Replica CD Boxset, released in September 2008.
Track listing
Led Zeppelin (disc one)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."Good Times Bad Times"John Bonham, John Paul Jones, and Jimmy Page2:472."Babe I'm Gonna Leave You"Anne Bredon, Page, and Robert Plant6:413."You Shook Me"Willie Dixon and J. B. Lenoir6:304."Dazed and Confused"Page (inspired by Jake Holmes)6:275."Your Time Is Gonna Come"Jones and Page4:416."Black Mountain Side"Page2:137."Communication Breakdown"Bonham, Jones, and Page2:308."I Can't Quit You Baby"Dixon4:439."How Many More Times"Bonham, Jones, and Page8:28
Led Zeppelin II (disc two)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."Whole Lotta Love"Bonham, Dixon, Jones, Page, and Robert Plant5:342."What Is and What Should Never Be"Page and Plant4:473."The Lemon Song"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant6:224."Thank You"Page and Plant4:505."Heartbreaker"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant4:156."Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)"Page and Plant2:407."Ramble On"Page and Plant4:368."Moby Dick"Bonham, Jones, and Page4:229."Bring It On Home"Page and Plant4:20
Led Zeppelin III (disc three)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."Immigrant Song"Page and Plant2:262."Friends"Page and Plant3:553."Celebration Day"Jones, Page, and Plant3:294."Since I've Been Loving You"Jones, Page, and Plant7:255."Out on the Tiles"Bonham, Page, and Plant4:086."Gallows Pole"traditional, arr. Page and Plant4:587."Tangerine"Page3:128."That's the Way"Page and Plant5:399."Bron-Y-Aur Stomp"Jones, Page, and Plant4:2010."Hats Off to (Roy) Harper"traditional, arr. Charles Obscure3:42
(Untitled) (disc four)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."Black Dog"Jones, Page, and Plant4:572."Rock and Roll"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant3:403."The Battle of Evermore"Page and Plant5:524."Stairway to Heaven"Page and Plant8:025."Misty Mountain Hop"Jones, Page, and Plant4:386."Four Sticks"Page and Plant4:467."Going to California"Page and Plant3:318."When the Levee Breaks"Jones, Memphis Minnie, Page, and Plant7:07
Houses of the Holy (disc five)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."The Song Remains the Same"Page and Plant5:322."The Rain Song"Page and Plant7:393."Over the Hills and Far Away"Page and Plant4:504."The Crunge"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant3:175."Dancing Days"Page and Plant3:436."D'yer Mak'er"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant4:237."No Quarter"Jones, Page, and Plant7:008."The Ocean"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant4:31
Presence (disc six)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."Achilles Last Stand"Page and Plant10:252."For Your Life"Page and Plant6:243."Royal Orleans"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant2:584."Nobody's Fault but Mine"Page and Plant6:275."Candy Store Rock"Page and Plant4:116."Hots On for Nowhere"Page and Plant4:437."Tea for One"Page and Plant9:27
Physical Graffiti (disc seven)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."Custard Pie"Page and Plant4:132."The Rover"Page and Plant5:373."In My Time of Dying"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant11:054."Houses of the Holy"Page and Plant4:025."Trampled Under Foot"Jones, Page, and Plant5:376."Kashmir"Bonham, Page, and Plant8:33
Physical Graffiti (disc eight)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."In the Light"Jones, Page, and Plant8:462."Bron-Yr-Aur"Page2:063."Down by the Seaside"Page and Plant5:134."Ten Years Gone"Page and Plant6:325."Night Flight"Jones, Page, and Plant3:366."The Wanton Song"Page and Plant4:077."Boogie with Stu"Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Ian Stewart, Mrs. Valens3:538."Black Country Woman"Page and Plant4:249."Sick Again"Page and Plant4:42
In Through the Out Door (disc nine)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."In the Evening"Jones, Page, and Plant6:492."South Bound Saurez"Jones and Plant4:123."Fool in the Rain"Jones, Page, and Plant6:124."Hot Dog"Page and Plant3:175."Carouselambra"Jones, Page, and Plant10:326."All My Love"Jones and Plant5:517."I'm Gonna Crawl"Jones, Page, and Plant5:30
Coda (disc ten)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."We're Gonna Groove"James Bethea and Ben E. King2:402."Poor Tom"Page and Plant3:033."I Can't Quit You Baby"Dixon4:174."Walter's Walk"Page and Plant4:315."Ozone Baby"Page and Plant3:356."Darlene"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant5:067."Bonzo's Montreux"Bonham4:178."Wearing and Tearing"Page and Plant5:319."Baby Come On Home" (recorded 1968, appeared on Boxed Set 2, 1993)Berns, Page, and Plant4:3010."Travelling Riverside Blues" (recorded 1969, appeared on Boxed Set, 1990, and BBC Sessions, 1997)Johnson, Page, and Plant5:1111."White Summer/Black Mountain Side" (recorded live in June 1969, appeared on Boxed Set, 1990)Page8:0112."Hey, Hey, What Can I Do" (recorded 1970, b-side to "Immigrant Song" single, 1970 / also appeared on Boxed Set, 1990)Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant3:55
Personnel
Led Zeppelin
John Bonham – drums, percussion
John Paul Jones – bass guitar, keyboards, mandolin
Jimmy Page – acoustic and electric guitars, production
Robert Plant – vocals, harmonica
Additional musicians
Sandy Denny – vocals on "The Battle of Evermore"
Viram Jasani – tabla on "Black Mountain Side"
Ian Stewart – piano on "Rock and Roll" and "Boogie with Stu"
Production
Yves Beauvais – production
Chuck Boyd – photography
Peter Corriston – design and package concept
Cameron Crowe – liner notes
Richard Creamer – photography
Jim Cummins – photography
Mike Doud – design
Chris Dreja – photography
Elliott Erwitt – photography
BP Fallon – photography
Peter Grant – executive producer
Jeff Griffin – production
George Hardie – cover design
Roy Harper – photography
David Juniper – artwork and design
George Marino – mastering
Jim Marshall – photography
Barry Plummer – photography
Neal Preston – photography
Michael Putland – photography
Zal Schreiber – editing
Eric Spillman – art direction and design
Jay Thompson – photography
Neil Zlozower – photography
Certifications
Certifications for The Complete Studio Recordings
Region
Certification
Certified units/sales
United States (RIAA)
2× Platinum
200,000^
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
Release history
Release formats for The Complete Studio Recordings
Region
Date
Label
Format
Catalog #
United States
24 September 1993
Atlantic Records
Compact disc (box set)
82526
References
^ The Complete Studio Recordings at AllMusic
^ Larkin, Colin (2007). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195313734.
^ Lewis, Dave (2004). "The Complete Studio Recordings". Led Zeppelin: The Complete Guide to Their Music (1st ed.). London: Omnibus Press. p. 74. ISBN 1-84449-141-2.
^ "American album certifications – Led Zeppelin – The Complete Studio Recordings". Recording Industry Association of America.
External links
Atlanticrecordscom announcement
vteLed Zeppelin
John Bonham
John Paul Jones
Jimmy Page
Robert Plant
Studio albums
Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin II
Led Zeppelin III
Untitled (Led Zeppelin IV)
Houses of the Holy
Physical Graffiti
Presence
In Through the Out Door
Live albums
The Song Remains the Same
BBC Sessions
How the West Was Won
Celebration Day
Compilations
Coda
BBC Sessions
The Best of Led Zeppelin
Mothership
Led Zeppelin Deluxe Edition
Box sets
Boxed Set
Remasters
Boxed Set 2
The Complete Studio Recordings
Definitive Collection
Singles1960s
"Good Times Bad Times" / "Communication Breakdown"
"Whole Lotta Love" / "Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)"
1970s
"Immigrant Song" / "Hey, Hey, What Can I Do"
"Black Dog" / "Misty Mountain Hop"
"Rock and Roll" / "Four Sticks"
"Over the Hills and Far Away" / "Dancing Days"
"D'yer Mak'er" / "The Crunge"
"The Ocean" / "Over the Hills and Far Away" / "Dancing Days"
"Trampled Under Foot" / "Black Country Woman"
"Candy Store Rock" / "Royal Orleans"
"Fool in the Rain" / "Hot Dog"
Post-breakup
"Travelling Riverside Blues"
"Baby Come On Home"
"Whole Lotta Love"
"The Girl I Love She Got Long Black Wavy Hair"
"Kashmir"
"Rock and Roll" (Sunset Sound Mix) / "Friends" (Olympic Studio Mix)
Films
The Song Remains the Same
Led Zeppelin DVD
Celebration Day
Becoming Led Zeppelin
Tours1960s
Scandinavia 1968
U.K. 1968
North America 1968–1969
North America Spring 1969
U.K. Summer 1969
North America Summer 1969
1970s
U.K. 1970
Europe 1970
North America Spring 1970
Iceland, Bath & Germany 1970
North America Summer 1970
U.K. & Ireland Spring 1971
Europe 1971
North America 1971
Japan 1971
U.K. Winter 1971
North America 1972
Japan 1972
Europe 1973
North America 1973
North America 1975
Earls Court 1975
North America 1977
Knebworth 1979
1980s
Over Europe 1980
The 1980s, Part One (cancelled)
Reunions
Live Aid (1985)
Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary (1988)
Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert (2007)
Bootlegs
Live on Blueberry Hill
Destroyer
Listen to This, Eddie
For Badgeholders Only
Burn Like a Candle
Lists
Discography
Songs
Awards and nominations
Cover versions by others
Led Zeppelin songs written or inspired by others
RelatedArticles
Swan Song Records
Three Week Hero
"Beck's Bolero"
Bron-Yr-Aur
The Starship
Caesar's Chariot
Led Zeppelin Played Here
Out Through the In Door
Bands
XYZ
Page and Plant
Books
Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga
Stairway to Heaven: Led Zeppelin Uncensored
When Giants Walked the Earth
Led Zeppelin: The Biography
People
Jason Bonham
Peter Grant
Richard Cole
Category
Authority control databases
MusicBrainz release group
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Harper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hats_Off_to_(Roy)_Harper"},{"link_name":"Charles Obscure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Page"},{"link_name":"Led Zeppelin IV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Led_Zeppelin_IV"},{"link_name":"Black Dog","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Dog_(Led_Zeppelin_song)"},{"link_name":"Rock and Roll","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_(Led_Zeppelin_song)"},{"link_name":"The Battle of Evermore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Battle_of_Evermore"},{"link_name":"Stairway to Heaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stairway_to_Heaven"},{"link_name":"Misty Mountain Hop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misty_Mountain_Hop"},{"link_name":"Four Sticks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Sticks"},{"link_name":"Going to California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Going_to_California"},{"link_name":"When the Levee Breaks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_the_Levee_Breaks#Led_Zeppelin_version"},{"link_name":"Memphis Minnie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_Minnie"},{"link_name":"Houses of the Holy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houses_of_the_Holy"},{"link_name":"The Song Remains the Same","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Song_Remains_the_Same_(song)"},{"link_name":"The Rain Song","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rain_Song"},{"link_name":"Over the Hills and Far Away","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over_the_Hills_and_Far_Away_(Led_Zeppelin_song)"},{"link_name":"The Crunge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crunge"},{"link_name":"Dancing Days","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancing_Days"},{"link_name":"D'yer Mak'er","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27yer_Mak%27er"},{"link_name":"No Quarter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Quarter_(song)"},{"link_name":"The Ocean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ocean_(Led_Zeppelin_song)"},{"link_name":"Presence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presence_(album)"},{"link_name":"Achilles Last Stand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilles_Last_Stand"},{"link_name":"For Your Life","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_Your_Life"},{"link_name":"Royal Orleans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Orleans"},{"link_name":"Nobody's Fault but Mine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobody%27s_Fault_but_Mine"},{"link_name":"Candy Store Rock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candy_Store_Rock"},{"link_name":"Hots On for Nowhere","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hots_On_for_Nowhere"},{"link_name":"Tea for One","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_for_One"},{"link_name":"Physical Graffiti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_Graffiti"},{"link_name":"Custard Pie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custard_Pie"},{"link_name":"The Rover","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rover_(Led_Zeppelin_song)"},{"link_name":"In My Time of Dying","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_My_Time_of_Dying#Led_Zeppelin_version"},{"link_name":"Houses of the Holy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houses_of_the_Holy_(song)"},{"link_name":"Trampled Under Foot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trampled_Under_Foot"},{"link_name":"Kashmir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir_(song)"},{"link_name":"In the Light","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_the_Light"},{"link_name":"Bron-Yr-Aur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bron-Yr-Aur_(instrumental)"},{"link_name":"Down by the Seaside","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_by_the_Seaside"},{"link_name":"Ten Years Gone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_Years_Gone"},{"link_name":"Night Flight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_Flight_(song)"},{"link_name":"The Wanton Song","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wanton_Song"},{"link_name":"Boogie with Stu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie_with_Stu"},{"link_name":"Ian Stewart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Stewart_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Mrs. Valens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritchie_Valens"},{"link_name":"Black Country Woman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Country_Woman"},{"link_name":"Sick Again","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sick_Again"},{"link_name":"In Through the Out Door","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Through_the_Out_Door"},{"link_name":"In the Evening","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_the_Evening"},{"link_name":"South Bound Saurez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Bound_Saurez"},{"link_name":"Fool in the Rain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fool_in_the_Rain"},{"link_name":"Hot Dog","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Dog_(Led_Zeppelin_song)"},{"link_name":"Carouselambra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carouselambra"},{"link_name":"All My Love","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_My_Love_(Led_Zeppelin_song)"},{"link_name":"I'm Gonna Crawl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m_Gonna_Crawl"},{"link_name":"Coda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coda_(Led_Zeppelin_album)"},{"link_name":"We're Gonna Groove","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%27re_Gonna_Groove"},{"link_name":"Ben E. King","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_E._King"},{"link_name":"Poor Tom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor_Tom"},{"link_name":"I Can't Quit You Baby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Can%27t_Quit_You_Baby"},{"link_name":"Walter's Walk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%27s_Walk"},{"link_name":"Ozone Baby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_Baby"},{"link_name":"Darlene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darlene_(Led_Zeppelin_song)"},{"link_name":"Bonzo's Montreux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonzo%27s_Montreux"},{"link_name":"Wearing and Tearing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearing_and_Tearing"},{"link_name":"Baby Come On Home","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_Come_On_Home"},{"link_name":"Boxed Set 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Led_Zeppelin_Boxed_Set_2"},{"link_name":"Travelling Riverside Blues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelling_Riverside_Blues"},{"link_name":"Boxed Set","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Led_Zeppelin_Boxed_Set"},{"link_name":"BBC Sessions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Sessions_(Led_Zeppelin_album)"},{"link_name":"White Summer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Summer"},{"link_name":"Black Mountain Side","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Mountain_Side"},{"link_name":"Hey, Hey, What Can I Do","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hey,_Hey,_What_Can_I_Do"}],"text":"Led Zeppelin (disc one)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1.\"Good Times Bad Times\"John Bonham, John Paul Jones, and Jimmy Page2:472.\"Babe I'm Gonna Leave You\"Anne Bredon, Page, and Robert Plant6:413.\"You Shook Me\"Willie Dixon and J. B. Lenoir6:304.\"Dazed and Confused\"Page (inspired by Jake Holmes)6:275.\"Your Time Is Gonna Come\"Jones and Page4:416.\"Black Mountain Side\"Page2:137.\"Communication Breakdown\"Bonham, Jones, and Page2:308.\"I Can't Quit You Baby\"Dixon4:439.\"How Many More Times\"Bonham, Jones, and Page8:28Led Zeppelin II (disc two)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1.\"Whole Lotta Love\"Bonham, Dixon, Jones, Page, and Robert Plant5:342.\"What Is and What Should Never Be\"Page and Plant4:473.\"The Lemon Song\"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant6:224.\"Thank You\"Page and Plant4:505.\"Heartbreaker\"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant4:156.\"Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)\"Page and Plant2:407.\"Ramble On\"Page and Plant4:368.\"Moby Dick\"Bonham, Jones, and Page4:229.\"Bring It On Home\"Page and Plant4:20Led Zeppelin III (disc three)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1.\"Immigrant Song\"Page and Plant2:262.\"Friends\"Page and Plant3:553.\"Celebration Day\"Jones, Page, and Plant3:294.\"Since I've Been Loving You\"Jones, Page, and Plant7:255.\"Out on the Tiles\"Bonham, Page, and Plant4:086.\"Gallows Pole\"traditional, arr. Page and Plant4:587.\"Tangerine\"Page3:128.\"That's the Way\"Page and Plant5:399.\"Bron-Y-Aur Stomp\"Jones, Page, and Plant4:2010.\"Hats Off to (Roy) Harper\"traditional, arr. Charles Obscure3:42(Untitled) [aka Led Zeppelin IV] (disc four)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1.\"Black Dog\"Jones, Page, and Plant4:572.\"Rock and Roll\"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant3:403.\"The Battle of Evermore\"Page and Plant5:524.\"Stairway to Heaven\"Page and Plant8:025.\"Misty Mountain Hop\"Jones, Page, and Plant4:386.\"Four Sticks\"Page and Plant4:467.\"Going to California\"Page and Plant3:318.\"When the Levee Breaks\"Jones, Memphis Minnie, Page, and Plant7:07Houses of the Holy (disc five)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1.\"The Song Remains the Same\"Page and Plant5:322.\"The Rain Song\"Page and Plant7:393.\"Over the Hills and Far Away\"Page and Plant4:504.\"The Crunge\"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant3:175.\"Dancing Days\"Page and Plant3:436.\"D'yer Mak'er\"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant4:237.\"No Quarter\"Jones, Page, and Plant7:008.\"The Ocean\"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant4:31Presence (disc six)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1.\"Achilles Last Stand\"Page and Plant10:252.\"For Your Life\"Page and Plant6:243.\"Royal Orleans\"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant2:584.\"Nobody's Fault but Mine\"Page and Plant6:275.\"Candy Store Rock\"Page and Plant4:116.\"Hots On for Nowhere\"Page and Plant4:437.\"Tea for One\"Page and Plant9:27Physical Graffiti [1] (disc seven)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1.\"Custard Pie\"Page and Plant4:132.\"The Rover\"Page and Plant5:373.\"In My Time of Dying\"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant11:054.\"Houses of the Holy\"Page and Plant4:025.\"Trampled Under Foot\"Jones, Page, and Plant5:376.\"Kashmir\"Bonham, Page, and Plant8:33Physical Graffiti [2] (disc eight)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1.\"In the Light\"Jones, Page, and Plant8:462.\"Bron-Yr-Aur\"Page2:063.\"Down by the Seaside\"Page and Plant5:134.\"Ten Years Gone\"Page and Plant6:325.\"Night Flight\"Jones, Page, and Plant3:366.\"The Wanton Song\"Page and Plant4:077.\"Boogie with Stu\"Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Ian Stewart, Mrs. Valens3:538.\"Black Country Woman\"Page and Plant4:249.\"Sick Again\"Page and Plant4:42In Through the Out Door (disc nine)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1.\"In the Evening\"Jones, Page, and Plant6:492.\"South Bound Saurez\"Jones and Plant4:123.\"Fool in the Rain\"Jones, Page, and Plant6:124.\"Hot Dog\"Page and Plant3:175.\"Carouselambra\"Jones, Page, and Plant10:326.\"All My Love\"Jones and Plant5:517.\"I'm Gonna Crawl\"Jones, Page, and Plant5:30Coda (disc ten)No.TitleWriter(s)Length1.\"We're Gonna Groove\"James Bethea and Ben E. King2:402.\"Poor Tom\"Page and Plant3:033.\"I Can't Quit You Baby\"Dixon4:174.\"Walter's Walk\"Page and Plant4:315.\"Ozone Baby\"Page and Plant3:356.\"Darlene\"Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant5:067.\"Bonzo's Montreux\"Bonham4:178.\"Wearing and Tearing\"Page and Plant5:319.\"Baby Come On Home\" (recorded 1968, appeared on Boxed Set 2, 1993)Berns, Page, and Plant4:3010.\"Travelling Riverside Blues\" (recorded 1969, appeared on Boxed Set, 1990, and BBC Sessions, 1997)Johnson, Page, and Plant5:1111.\"White Summer/Black Mountain Side\" (recorded live in June 1969, appeared on Boxed Set, 1990)Page8:0112.\"Hey, Hey, What Can I Do\" (recorded 1970, b-side to \"Immigrant Song\" single, 1970 / also appeared on Boxed Set, 1990)Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant3:55","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"John Bonham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bonham"},{"link_name":"John Paul Jones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Jones_(musician)"},{"link_name":"mandolin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandolin"},{"link_name":"Jimmy Page","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Page"},{"link_name":"acoustic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_guitar"},{"link_name":"Robert Plant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Plant"},{"link_name":"Sandy Denny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Denny"},{"link_name":"Viram Jasani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viram_Jasani"},{"link_name":"tabla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla"},{"link_name":"Ian Stewart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Stewart_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Peter Corriston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Corriston"},{"link_name":"Cameron Crowe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron_Crowe"},{"link_name":"liner notes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liner_notes"},{"link_name":"Chris Dreja","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Dreja"},{"link_name":"Elliott Erwitt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliott_Erwitt"},{"link_name":"BP Fallon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BP_Fallon"},{"link_name":"Peter Grant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Grant_(music_manager)"},{"link_name":"George Hardie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Hardie_(artist)"},{"link_name":"Roy Harper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Harper_(singer)"},{"link_name":"mastering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_mastering"}],"text":"Led ZeppelinJohn Bonham – drums, percussion\nJohn Paul Jones – bass guitar, keyboards, mandolin\nJimmy Page – acoustic and electric guitars, production\nRobert Plant – vocals, harmonicaAdditional musiciansSandy Denny – vocals on \"The Battle of Evermore\"\nViram Jasani – tabla on \"Black Mountain Side\"\nIan Stewart – piano on \"Rock and Roll\" and \"Boogie with Stu\"ProductionYves Beauvais – production\nChuck Boyd – photography\nPeter Corriston – design and package concept\nCameron Crowe – liner notes\nRichard Creamer – photography\nJim Cummins – photography\nMike Doud – design\nChris Dreja – photography\nElliott Erwitt – photography\nBP Fallon – photography\nPeter Grant – executive producer\nJeff Griffin – production\nGeorge Hardie – cover design\nRoy Harper – photography\nDavid Juniper – artwork and design\nGeorge Marino – mastering\nJim Marshall – photography\nBarry Plummer – photography\nNeal Preston – photography\nMichael Putland – photography\nZal Schreiber – editing\nEric Spillman – art direction and design\nJay Thompson – photography\nNeil Zlozower – photography","title":"Personnel"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Certifications"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Release history"}]
|
[]
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[{"reference":"Larkin, Colin (2007). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195313734.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Larkin","url_text":"Larkin, Colin"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Popular_Music","url_text":"The Encyclopedia of Popular Music"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press","url_text":"Oxford University Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195313734","url_text":"978-0195313734"}]},{"reference":"Lewis, Dave (2004). \"The Complete Studio Recordings\". Led Zeppelin: The Complete Guide to Their Music (1st ed.). London: Omnibus Press. p. 74. ISBN 1-84449-141-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84449-141-2","url_text":"1-84449-141-2"}]},{"reference":"\"American album certifications – Led Zeppelin – The Complete Studio Recordings\". Recording Industry Association of America.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Led+Zeppelin&ti=The+Complete+Studio+Recordings&format=Album&type=#search_section","url_text":"\"American album certifications – Led Zeppelin – The Complete Studio Recordings\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America","url_text":"Recording Industry Association of America"}]}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leone_Stars
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Sierra Leone national football team
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["1 History","2 Results and fixtures","2.1 2023","2.2 2024","3 Coaching history","4 Players","4.1 Current squad","4.2 Recent call-ups","5 Records","5.1 Most appearances","5.2 Top goalscorers","6 Competitive record","6.1 FIFA World Cup","6.2 Africa Cup of Nations","7 Coaching staff","8 References","8.1 Sources","9 External links"]
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Association football team representing Sierra Leone
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Sierra LeoneNickname(s)Leone StarsAssociationSLFAConfederationCAF (Africa)Sub-confederationWAFU (West Africa)Head coachAmidu KarimCaptainOsman KakayMost capsUmaru Bangura (55)Top scorerMohamed Kallon (8)Home stadiumFreetown National StadiumFIFA codeSLE
First colours
Second colours
Third colours
FIFA rankingCurrent 126 (4 April 2024)Highest50 (August 2014)Lowest172 (September 2007)First international Sierra Leone 0–2 Nigeria (Freetown, Sierra Leone; 10 August 1949)Biggest win Sierra Leone 5–1 Niger (Freetown, Sierra Leone; 7 March 1976) Sierra Leone 5–1 Niger (Freetown, Sierra Leone; 3 June 1995) Sierra Leone 4–0 São Tomé and Príncipe (Freetown, Sierra Leone; 22 April 2000)Biggest defeat Mali 6–0 Sierra Leone (Bamako, Mali; 17 June 2007)Africa Cup of NationsAppearances3 (first in 1994)Best resultGroup stage (1994, 1996, 2021)
The Sierra Leone national football team represents Sierra Leone in association football and is governed by the Sierra Leone Football Association. It has qualified for Africa Cup of Nations three times.
History
Sierra Leone's first match was at home on 10 August 1949 against another British colony, Nigeria, and was lost 2–0. In 1954 it played another British colony and British administered U.N trust territory, Gold Coast and Trans-Volta Togoland, and lost 2–0 away. On 22 April 1961, it hosted Nigeria and lost 4–2. On 12 November 1966, it hosted Liberia in its first match against a non-British colony and earned its first draw, 1–1. A week later, it lost 2–0 in Liberia. On 13 January 1971, it played its first match against a non-African team, West Germany's B-team. The match in Sierra Leone was won 1–0 by the Germans. Sierra Leone's first match outside Africa was its first against an Asian nation, China. It lost 4–1 in China on 5 April 1974.
In August 2014, Sierra Leone FA cancelled all association football matches in an effort to stop the spread of the 2014 Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone, a week after Liberian FA did the same. Sierra Leonean players playing outside Sierra Leone, such as Michael Lahoud playing in the United States, were discriminated against, with opposition players refusing to swap shirts, shake hands and allow them to certain places of the stadium because they fear that they could be carrying the disease. The Sierra Leonean national team wasn't allowed to play home games and all players had to be foreign-based.
Results and fixtures
Main article: Sierra Leone national football team results (2020–present)
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.
Win
Draw
Loss
Fixture
2023
Sierra Leone v São Tomé and Príncipe
22 March 2023 AFCON qualification Sierra Leone 2–2 São Tomé and Príncipe Agadir, Morocco18:00 UTC±0
Bundu 48'
Komeh 78'
Report
Leal 43', 59'
Stadium: Adrar StadiumReferee: Mawabwe Bodjona (Togo)
São Tomé and Príncipe v Sierra Leone
26 March 2023 AFCON qualification São Tomé and Príncipe 0–2 Sierra Leone Agadir, Morocco16:00 UTC±0
Report
Samura 7'
Alh. Koroma 28'
Stadium: Adrar StadiumReferee: Jean Philippe Vlei Patrick Tanguy (DR Congo)
Sierra Leone v Nigeria
18 June 2023 AFCON qualification Sierra Leone 2–3 Nigeria Monrovia, Liberia16:00 UTC±0
Bundu 41'
Kargbo 84'
Report
Osimhen 19', 32'
Iheanacho 90+5'
Stadium: Samuel Kanyon Doe Sports ComplexReferee: Mahmood Ismail (Sudan)
Guinea-Bissau v Sierra Leone
11 September 2023 AFCON qualification Guinea-Bissau 2–1 Sierra Leone Bissau, Guinea-Bissau16:00 UTC±0
Nito 35'
Djú 48'
Report
Bakayoko 6'
Stadium: Estádio 24 de SetembroReferee: Boubou Traoré (Mali)
Sierra Leone v Somalia
17 October Friendly Sierra Leone 2–0 Somalia
Report
Ethiopia v Sierra Leone
15 November 2026 FIFA World Cup Qualification Ethiopia 0–0 Sierra Leone El Jadida, Morocco20:00 UTC+1
Report
Stadium: Stade El AbdiAttendance: 50Referee: Celso Alvação (Mozambique)
Sierra Leone v Egypt
19 November 2026 FIFA World Cup Qualification Sierra Leone 0–2 Egypt Paynesville, Liberia16:00 UTC±0
Report
Trézéguet 18', 62'
Stadium: Samuel Kanyon Doe Sports ComplexAttendance: 8,916Referee: Jean-Jacques Ndala Ngambo (DR Congo)
2024
Ivory Coast v Sierra Leone
6 January Friendly Ivory Coast 5–1 Sierra Leone San Pedro, Ivory Coast17:00 UTC±0}
Diomande 18'
Kessié 36'
Bamba 38'
Boga 48'
Lazare 84'
Report
Michael 86'
Stadium: Laurent Pokou StadiumReferee: Dedjinnanchi Ahomlanto (Benin)
Sierra Leone v Morocco
11 January Friendly Sierra Leone 1–3 Morocco San Pedro, Ivory Coast15:00 UTC±0
Komeh 10'
Report
En-Nesyri 30', 55'
Boufal 35'
Stadium: Laurent Pokou Stadium
Sierra Leone v Djibouti
5 June 2026 World Cup qualification Sierra Leone 2–1 Djibouti El Jadida, Morocco17:00 UTC+1
Davies 12'
Kargbo 51'
Report
Dadzie 35' (pen.)
Stadium: Ben M'Hamed El Abdi StadiumReferee: Godfrey Nkhakananga (Malawi)
Burkina Faso v Sierra Leone
10 June 2026 World Cup qualification Burkina Faso 2–2 Sierra Leone Bamako, Mali16:00 UTC±0
Ouattara 41'
L. Traoré 45+2' (pen.)
Report
Kargbo 58'
Bakayoko 88'
Stadium: Stade du 26 MarsReferee: Lahlou Benbraham (Algeria)
Coaching history
Burkhard Pape (1966–1968)
Klaus Ebbighausen (1976–1978)
Warwick Rimmer (1979)
Christian Cole (1989)
Christian Cole (1991)
Raymond Zarpanelian (1993–1994)
Roger Palmgren (1996)
John Sherington (1996–1997)
Abdulai Sesay (1997–2000)
Dušan Drašković (2000)
Christian Cole (2001)
José Antonio Nogueira (2003)
John Sherington (2003–2006)
James Peters (2006–2007)
Mohamed Kanu (2007–2009)
Daniel Koroma (2009–2010)
Christian Cole (2010–2011)
Lars-Olof Mattsson (2011–2013)
Johnathan McKinstry (2013–2014)
Atto Mensah (2014)
John Ajina Sesay (2014–2015)
John Sherington (2015)
Sellas Tetteh (2015–2017)
John Keister (2017–2019)
Sellas Tetteh (2019–2020)
John Keister (2020–2023)
Amidu Karim (2023–)
Players
Current squad
The following players were called up for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against Djibouti and Burkina Faso on 5 and 10 June 2024.
Caps and goals are correct as of 11 January 2024, after the match against Morocco.
No.
Pos.
Player
Date of birth (age)
Caps
Goals
Club
1GK
Francis Koroma
(2000-05-15) 15 May 2000 (age 24)
2
0
East End Lions
1GK
Donald Kamara
(2002-07-16) 16 July 2002 (age 21)
1
0
East End Lions
1GK
Isaac Caulker
(1992-01-20) 20 January 1992 (age 32)
0
0
Kallon
2DF
Osman Kakay
(1997-08-25) 25 August 1997 (age 26)
22
0
Queens Park Rangers
2DF
Emmanuel Samadia
(2001-04-19) 19 April 2001 (age 23)
17
0
Hapoel Rishon LeZion
2DF
Steven Caulker
(1991-12-29) 29 December 1991 (age 32)
13
0
Málaga City
2DF
Mohamed Kabia
(2003-06-23) 23 June 2003 (age 20)
3
0
Mbabane Swallows
2DF
Abdoulie Jarjue Kabia
(2001-01-27) 27 January 2001 (age 23)
2
0
Hapoel Kfar Saba
2DF
Yusuf Sesay
(2001-04-19) 19 April 2001 (age 23)
2
0
Bo Rangers
2DF
Curtis Davies
(1985-03-15) 15 March 1985 (age 39)
1
0
Cheltenham Town
2DF
Juma Bah
(2006-04-11) 11 April 2006 (age 18)
0
0
Freetownian SLIFA
3MF
Augustus Kargbo
(1999-08-24) 24 August 1999 (age 24)
15
2
Cesena
3MF
Alhassan Koroma
(1997-06-09) 9 June 1997 (age 27)
15
1
Al-Shahaniya
3MF
Mustapha Bundu
(1997-02-27) 27 February 1997 (age 27)
14
3
Plymouth Argyle
3MF
Abu Dumbuya
(1985-01-29) 29 January 1985 (age 39)
14
0
Freetownian SLIFA
3MF
Sullay Kaikai
(1995-08-26) 26 August 1995 (age 28)
13
1
Cambridge United
3MF
Alusine Koroma
(1997-06-09) 9 June 1997 (age 27)
10
0
Orihuela
3MF
Kamil Conteh
(2002-12-26) 26 December 2002 (age 21)
8
0
Bristol Rovers
3MF
Ibrahim Sillah
(1995-04-04) 4 April 1995 (age 29)
6
0
ACV
3MF
Alpha Conteh
(2000-05-01) 1 May 2000 (age 24)
3
0
Neftçi
3MF
Rodney Michael
(1999-08-10) 10 August 1999 (age 24)
3
1
POX
4FW
Amadou Bakayoko
(1996-01-01) 1 January 1996 (age 28)
10
2
Dundee
4FW
Sallieu Bah
(2006-09-10) 10 September 2006 (age 17)
5
0
Wilberforce Strikers
4FW
Daniel Kanu
(2004-11-14) 14 November 2004 (age 19)
1
0
Charlton Athletic
Recent call-ups
The following players had been called up in 12 months preceding the above draft.
Pos.
Player
Date of birth (age)
Caps
Goals
Club
Latest call-up
GK
Abu Bakar Kamara
(2004-01-28) 28 January 2004 (age 20)
0
0
Kallon
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
GK
Mohamed Kamara
(1999-04-29) 29 April 1999 (age 25)
20
0
Horoya
v. Egypt, 19 November 2023
GK
Ibrahim Sesay
(2004-10-18) 18 October 2004 (age 19)
13
0
Bo Rangers
v. Egypt, 19 November 2023
DF
Abu Bakarr Samura
(1995-08-10) 10 August 1995 (age 28)
16
1
Bo Rangers
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
DF
Saidu Mansaray
(2001-02-21) 21 February 2001 (age 23)
8
0
Bo Rangers
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
DF
Santigie Koroma
(2003-11-27) 27 November 2003 (age 20)
2
0
LISCR
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
DF
Abu Bakarr Barrie
(1999-11-28) 28 November 1999 (age 24)
0
0
Diamond Stars
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
DF
Edward Bello Yillah
(1996-10-04) 4 October 1996 (age 27)
0
0
Mighty Blackpool
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
DF
Lamin Conteh
(1994-12-15) 15 December 1994 (age 29)
10
0
Johansen
v. Guinea-Bissau, 11 September 2023
DF
Daniel Francis
(2002-07-10) 10 July 2002 (age 21)
2
0
KFC Uerdingen 05
v. Nigeria, 18 June 2023
DF
Edward Fornah
(1999-11-28) 28 November 1999 (age 24)
0
0
Luawa
v. Nigeria, 18 June 2023
MF
Kwame Quee
(1996-09-07) 7 September 1996 (age 27)
35
3
Old Edwardians
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
MF
Saidu Bah Kamara
(2002-03-03) 3 March 2002 (age 22)
8
0
Bo Rangers
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
MF
Ibrahim Turay
(1999-05-05) 5 May 1999 (age 25)
7
0
Bo Rangers
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
MF
Alpha Turay
(2005-05-26) 26 May 2005 (age 19)
4
0
Kallon
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
MF
Samuel Bekoe
(1997-08-24) 24 August 1997 (age 26)
3
0
East End Lions
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
MF
Mohamed Fofanah
(1998-09-08) 8 September 1998 (age 25)
1
0
Kallon
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
MF
Adebayor Black
0
0
Bhantal
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
MF
Joseph Cleveland
(2000-01-01) 1 January 2000 (age 24)
0
0
Ports Authority
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
MF
Mohamed Buya Turay
(1995-01-10) 10 January 1995 (age 29)
17
3
Birmingham Legion
v. Egypt, 19 November 2023
MF
Tyrese Fornah
(1999-09-11) 11 September 1999 (age 24)
1
0
Derby County
v. Egypt, 19 November 2023
MF
Saidu Fofanah
(1997-09-14) 14 September 1997 (age 26)
13
1
Kallon
v. Guinea-Bissau, 11 September 2023
MF
Mamadou Saidou Sow
(1999-08-19) 19 August 1999 (age 24)
0
0
Fortuna
v. Guinea-Bissau, 11 September 2023
MF
Mohamed Billoh Kabba
(2004-11-26) 26 November 2004 (age 19)
0
0
Bo Rangers
v. Guinea-Bissau, 11 September 2023
MF
Prince Barrie
(1997-08-18) 18 August 1997 (age 26)
14
1
East End Lions
v. Nigeria, 18 June 2023
FW
Alie Conteh
(2002-10-29) 29 October 2002 (age 21)
8
2
Kallon
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
FW
Abu Komeh
(2001-05-21) 21 May 2001 (age 23)
4
2
Bo Rangers
v. Morocco, 11 January 2024
FW
Alhaji Kamara
(1994-04-16) 16 April 1994 (age 30)
17
5
Randers
v. Egypt, 19 November 2023
FW
Jonathan Morsay
(1997-10-05) 5 October 1997 (age 26)
10
1
AEL Limassol
v. Egypt, 19 November 2023
FW
Augustine Williams
(1997-08-03) 3 August 1997 (age 26)
7
0
Indy Eleven
v. Guinea-Bissau, 11 September 2023
FW
Ron Gandi Williams
(1998-09-08) 8 September 1998 (age 25)
3
0
Mighty Blackpool
v. Guinea-Bissau, 11 September 2023
FW
Musa Kamara
(1999-08-06) 6 August 1999 (age 24)
12
3
Bo Rangers
v. Nigeria, 18 June 2023
FW
Idris Kanu
(1999-12-05) 5 December 1999 (age 24)
2
0
Barnet
v. Nigeria, 18 June 2023
FW
Santigie Sesay
(2000-12-19) 19 December 2000 (age 23)
0
0
Petrovac
v. Nigeria, 18 June 2023
Notes
INJ Withdrew due to injury.
PRE Preliminary squad / standby
RET Had announced retirement from international association football.
SUS Is serving a suspension.
PRI Absent due to private circumstances.
WD Withdrawn.
Records
As of 19 November 2023
Players in bold are still active with Sierra Leone.
Most appearances
Umaru Bangura is Sierra Leone's most capped player with 55 appearances.
Rank
Name
Caps
Goals
Career
1
Umaru Bangura
55
4
2006–2022
2
Ibrahim Bah
45
3
1986–1998
3
Mohamed Kallon
40
8
1995–2012
4
Kei Kamara
39
7
2008–2022
5
Sheriff Suma
37
3
2006–2015
6
Medo Kamara
33
1
2008–2021
Kwame Quee
33
3
2012–present
8
Julius Wobay
32
4
2001–2018
9
Ibrahim Kargbo
30
1
2000–2013
10
Yeami Dunia
29
0
2012–present
Top goalscorers
Rank
Name
Goals
Caps
Ratio
Career
1
Mohamed Kallon
8
40
0.2
1995–2012
2
Kei Kamara
7
39
0.18
2008–2022
3
Lamine Conteh
6
20
0.3
1993–2006
4
Alhaji Kamara
5
17
0.29
2012–present
5
Teteh Bangura
4
12
0.33
2011–2014
Alhassan Kamara
4
16
0.25
2012–2018
Abu Kanu
4
16
0.25
1994–2003
Mustapha Bangura
4
17
0.24
2005–2016
Julius Wobay
4
31
0.13
2001–2018
Umaru Bangura
4
55
0.07
2006–2022
Competitive record
FIFA World Cup
FIFA World Cup record
Qualification record
Year
Round
Position
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
1962 and 1966
Not affiliated to CAF
Not affiliated to CAF
1970
Did not enter
Did not enter
1974
Did not qualify
2
0
0
2
0
3
1978
4
1
1
2
8
9
1982
2
0
1
1
3
5
1986
2
0
0
2
0
5
1990
Did not enter
Did not enter
1994
Withdrew
Withdrew
1998
Did not qualify
2
0
0
2
0
2
2002
10
2
1
7
6
17
2006
2
0
1
1
1
2
2010
8
3
2
3
5
8
2014
6
2
2
2
10
10
2018
2
1
0
1
2
2
2022
2
1
0
1
2
3
2026
To be determined
4
1
2
1
4
5
2030
To be determined
2034
Total
0/16
46
11
10
25
41
71
Africa Cup of Nations
Year
Round
Position
Pld
W
D*
L
GF
GA
Squad
1962
Not affiliated to CAF
1963
1965
1968
Did not enter
1970
Withdrew
1972
Did not enter
1974
Did not qualify
1976
Did not enter
1978
Did not qualify
1980
Did not enter
1982
Did not qualify
1984
1986
Withdrew
1988
Did not qualify
1990
Withdrew
1992
Did not qualify
1994
Round 1
10th
2
0
1
1
0
4
Squad
1996
Round 1
13th
3
1
0
2
2
7
Squad
1998
Withdrew
2000
Disqualified due to civil war
2002
Did not qualify
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2013
2015
2017
2019
Disqualified due to FIFA suspension
2021
Group stage
18th
3
0
2
1
2
3
Squad
2023
Did not qualify
2025
To be determined
2027
Total
0 titles
3/36
8
1
3
4
4
14
—
Coaching staff
Head coach
Amidu Karim
Assistant coach
Francis Koroma
Assistant coach
Alhaji Foray
Sport therapist
Joris De Vos
Head of medical
Songor Koedoyoma
Team manager
Ibrahim Swarray
References
^ "The FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking". FIFA. 4 April 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
^ Courtney, Barrie (15 August 2006). "Sierra Leone – List of International Matches". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
^ Elo rankings change compared to one year ago. "World Football Elo Ratings". eloratings.net. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
^ "Sierra Leone – List of International Matches". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 19 November 2015. Archived from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
^ "Sierra Leone suspends football matches as Ebola virus spreads". The Independent. 4 August 2014. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
^ "Ebola affecting Sierra Leone team – Michael Lahoud". BBC Sport. 14 October 2014. Archived from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
^ "The land where football is religion". FIFATV. 14 October 2014. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021 – via YouTube.
^ "Final Squad". Twitter. Sierra Leone Football Association.
^ "Sierra Leone". National Football Teams. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
Sources
Sierra Leone to 'host' the Elephants of Ivory Coast in Abidjan – footballsierraleone.net (archived 5 March 2016)
Sierra Leone 1–1 Malawi: International Friendly – footballsierraleone.net (archived 5 April 2016)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sierra Leone national football team.
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|
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Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Nigeria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Monrovia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monrovia"},{"link_name":"UTC±0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%C2%B100:00"},{"link_name":"Bundu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustapha_Bundu"},{"link_name":"Kargbo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Kargbo"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/06/00/africa/africa-cup-of-nations-qualification/sierra-leone/nigeria/3782964/"},{"link_name":"Osimhen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Osimhen"},{"link_name":"Iheanacho","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelechi_Iheanacho"},{"link_name":"Samuel Kanyon Doe Sports Complex","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Kanyon_Doe_Sports_Complex"},{"link_name":"Mahmood Ismail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahmood_Ismail&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sudan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_Football_Association"},{"link_name":"Guinea-Bissau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"2023 AFCON qualification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Africa_Cup_of_Nations_qualification_Group_A"},{"link_name":"Guinea-Bissau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Bissau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bissau"},{"link_name":"UTC±0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%C2%B100:00"},{"link_name":"Nito","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nito_Gomes"},{"link_name":"Djú","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franculino_Dj%C3%BA"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/09/00/africa/africa-cup-of-nations-qualification/guinea-bissau/sierra-leone/3782966/"},{"link_name":"Bakayoko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amadou_Bakayoko"},{"link_name":"Estádio 24 de Setembro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_24_de_Setembro"},{"link_name":"Boubou Traoré","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boubou_Traor%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malian_Football_Federation"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Somalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Friendly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhibition_game#Association_football"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Somalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.espn.com.ar/futbol/partido/_/juegoId/689292"},{"link_name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"2026 FIFA World Cup Qualification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_CAF_Group_A#BFA_v_GNB"},{"link_name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"El Jadida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Jadida"},{"link_name":"UTC+1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%2B01:00"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288282/288289/400017580"},{"link_name":"Stade El Abdi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade_El_Abdi"},{"link_name":"Celso Alvação","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celso_Alva%C3%A7%C3%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mozambique","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambican_Football_Federation"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Egypt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"2026 FIFA World Cup Qualification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_CAF_Group_A#ETH_v_BFA"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Egypt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Paynesville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paynesville,_Liberia"},{"link_name":"UTC±0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%C2%B100:00"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288282/288289/400017581"},{"link_name":"Trézéguet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A9z%C3%A9guet_(Egyptian_footballer)"},{"link_name":"Samuel Kanyon Doe Sports Complex","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Kanyon_Doe_Sports_Complex"},{"link_name":"DR Congo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congolese_Association_Football_Federation"}],"sub_title":"2023","text":"Sierra Leone v São Tomé and Príncipe\n22 March 2023 AFCON qualification Sierra Leone 2–2 São Tomé and Príncipe Agadir, Morocco18:00 UTC±0\n\nBundu 48'\nKomeh 78'\nReport\n\nLeal 43', 59'\nStadium: Adrar StadiumReferee: Mawabwe Bodjona (Togo)São Tomé and Príncipe v Sierra Leone\n26 March 2023 AFCON qualification São Tomé and Príncipe 0–2 Sierra Leone Agadir, Morocco16:00 UTC±0\n\nReport\n\nSamura 7'\nAlh. Koroma 28'\nStadium: Adrar StadiumReferee: Jean Philippe Vlei Patrick Tanguy (DR Congo)Sierra Leone v Nigeria\n18 June 2023 AFCON qualification Sierra Leone 2–3 Nigeria Monrovia, Liberia16:00 UTC±0\n\nBundu 41'\nKargbo 84'\nReport\n\nOsimhen 19', 32'\nIheanacho 90+5'\nStadium: Samuel Kanyon Doe Sports ComplexReferee: Mahmood Ismail (Sudan)Guinea-Bissau v Sierra Leone\n11 September 2023 AFCON qualification Guinea-Bissau 2–1 Sierra Leone Bissau, Guinea-Bissau16:00 UTC±0\n\nNito 35'\nDjú 48'\nReport\n\nBakayoko 6'\nStadium: Estádio 24 de SetembroReferee: Boubou Traoré (Mali)Sierra Leone v Somalia\n17 October Friendly Sierra Leone 2–0 Somalia \n\nReportEthiopia v Sierra Leone\n15 November 2026 FIFA World Cup Qualification Ethiopia 0–0 Sierra Leone El Jadida, Morocco20:00 UTC+1\n\nReport\n\nStadium: Stade El AbdiAttendance: 50Referee: Celso Alvação (Mozambique)Sierra Leone v Egypt\n19 November 2026 FIFA World Cup Qualification Sierra Leone 0–2 Egypt Paynesville, Liberia16:00 UTC±0\n\nReport\n\nTrézéguet 18', 62'\nStadium: Samuel Kanyon Doe Sports ComplexAttendance: 8,916Referee: Jean-Jacques Ndala Ngambo (DR Congo)","title":"Results and fixtures"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ivory Coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Friendly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhibition_match"},{"link_name":"Ivory Coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"San Pedro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San-P%C3%A9dro,_Ivory_Coast"},{"link_name":"UTC±0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%C2%B100:00"},{"link_name":"Diomande","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ousmane_Diomande"},{"link_name":"Kessié","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franck_Kessi%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"Bamba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Bamba"},{"link_name":"Boga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%A9mie_Boga"},{"link_name":"Lazare","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Thierry_Lazare"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//int.soccerway.com/matches/2024/01/06/world/friendlies/cote-divoire/sierra-leone/4293719/"},{"link_name":"Michael","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney_Michael"},{"link_name":"Laurent Pokou Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Pokou_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Benin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin_Football_Federation"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Morocco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Friendly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhibition_match"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Morocco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"San Pedro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San-P%C3%A9dro,_Ivory_Coast"},{"link_name":"UTC±0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%C2%B100:00"},{"link_name":"Komeh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Komeh&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//int.soccerway.com/matches/2024/01/11/world/friendlies/morocco/sierra-leone/4296871/"},{"link_name":"En-Nesyri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youssef_En-Nesyri"},{"link_name":"Boufal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofiane_Boufal"},{"link_name":"Laurent Pokou Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Pokou_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Djibouti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"2026 World Cup qualification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_CAF_Group_A"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Djibouti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"El Jadida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Jadida"},{"link_name":"UTC+1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%2B01:00"},{"link_name":"Davies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_Davies"},{"link_name":"Kargbo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Kargbo"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288282/288289/400018163"},{"link_name":"Dadzie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Dadzie"},{"link_name":"pen.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Ben M'Hamed El Abdi Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_M%27Hamed_El_Abdi_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Malawi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_Association_of_Malawi"},{"link_name":"Burkina Faso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"2026 World Cup qualification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_CAF_Group_A"},{"link_name":"Burkina Faso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Bamako","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamako"},{"link_name":"UTC±0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%C2%B100:00"},{"link_name":"Ouattara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dango_Ouattara"},{"link_name":"L. Traoré","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassina_Traor%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"pen.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288282/288289/400018165"},{"link_name":"Kargbo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Kargbo"},{"link_name":"Bakayoko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amadou_Bakayoko"},{"link_name":"Stade du 26 Mars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade_du_26_Mars"},{"link_name":"Algeria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_Football_Federation"}],"sub_title":"2024","text":"Ivory Coast v Sierra Leone\n6 January Friendly Ivory Coast 5–1 Sierra Leone San Pedro, Ivory Coast17:00 UTC±0}\n\nDiomande 18'\nKessié 36'\nBamba 38'\nBoga 48'\nLazare 84'\nReport\n\nMichael 86'\nStadium: Laurent Pokou StadiumReferee: Dedjinnanchi Ahomlanto (Benin)Sierra Leone v Morocco\n11 January Friendly Sierra Leone 1–3 Morocco San Pedro, Ivory Coast15:00 UTC±0\n\nKomeh 10'\nReport\n\nEn-Nesyri 30', 55'\nBoufal 35'\nStadium: Laurent Pokou StadiumSierra Leone v Djibouti\n5 June 2026 World Cup qualification Sierra Leone 2–1 Djibouti El Jadida, Morocco17:00 UTC+1\n\nDavies 12'\nKargbo 51'\nReport\n\nDadzie 35' (pen.)\nStadium: Ben M'Hamed El Abdi StadiumReferee: Godfrey Nkhakananga (Malawi)Burkina Faso v Sierra Leone\n10 June 2026 World Cup qualification Burkina Faso 2–2 Sierra Leone Bamako, Mali16:00 UTC±0\n\nOuattara 41'\nL. Traoré 45+2' (pen.)\nReport\n\nKargbo 58'\nBakayoko 88'\nStadium: Stade du 26 MarsReferee: Lahlou Benbraham (Algeria)","title":"Results and fixtures"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany"},{"link_name":"Burkhard Pape","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhard_Pape"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany"},{"link_name":"Klaus Ebbighausen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Ebbighausen"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"link_name":"Warwick Rimmer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warwick_Rimmer"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"Christian Cole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Cole"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"Christian Cole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Cole"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Raymond Zarpanelian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Zarpanelian"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"Roger Palmgren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Palmgren"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"John Sherington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sherington"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"Abdulai Sesay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdulai_Sesay&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia"},{"link_name":"Dušan Drašković","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Dra%C5%A1kovi%C4%87"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"Christian Cole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Cole"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil"},{"link_name":"José Antonio Nogueira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Nogueira"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"John Sherington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sherington"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria"},{"link_name":"James Peters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Peters_(football_coach)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"Mohamed Kanu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Kanu"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"Daniel Koroma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Koroma&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"Christian Cole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Cole"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden"},{"link_name":"Lars-Olof Mattsson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars-Olof_Mattsson"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Johnathan McKinstry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnathan_McKinstry"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"Atto Mensah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atto_Mensah"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"John Ajina Sesay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ajina_Sesay"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"John Sherington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sherington"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana"},{"link_name":"Sellas Tetteh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sellas_Tetteh"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"John Keister","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Keister_(footballer,_born_1970)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana"},{"link_name":"Sellas Tetteh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sellas_Tetteh"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"John Keister","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Keister_(footballer,_born_1970)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"Amidu Karim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amidu_Karim"}],"text":"Burkhard Pape (1966–1968)\n Klaus Ebbighausen (1976–1978)\n Warwick Rimmer (1979)\n Christian Cole (1989)\n Christian Cole (1991)\n Raymond Zarpanelian (1993–1994)\n Roger Palmgren (1996)\n John Sherington (1996–1997)\n Abdulai Sesay (1997–2000)\n Dušan Drašković (2000)\n Christian Cole (2001)\n José Antonio Nogueira (2003)\n John Sherington (2003–2006)\n James Peters (2006–2007)\n Mohamed Kanu (2007–2009)\n Daniel Koroma (2009–2010)\n Christian Cole (2010–2011)\n Lars-Olof Mattsson (2011–2013)\n Johnathan McKinstry (2013–2014)\n Atto Mensah (2014)\n John Ajina Sesay (2014–2015)\n John Sherington (2015)\n Sellas Tetteh (2015–2017)\n John Keister (2017–2019)\n Sellas Tetteh (2019–2020)\n John Keister (2020–2023)\n Amidu Karim (2023–)","title":"Coaching history"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Players"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2026 FIFA World Cup qualification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_CAF_Group_A"},{"link_name":"Djibouti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Burkina Faso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Morocco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_national_football_team"}],"sub_title":"Current squad","text":"The following players were called up for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against Djibouti and Burkina Faso on 5 and 10 June 2024.[8]Caps and goals are correct as of 11 January 2024, after the match against Morocco.","title":"Players"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Recent call-ups","text":"The following players had been called up in 12 months preceding the above draft.","title":"Players"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"As of 19 November 2023[9]\nPlayers in bold are still active with Sierra Leone.","title":"Records"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Umaru_Bangura.jpg"},{"link_name":"Umaru Bangura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umaru_Bangura"}],"sub_title":"Most appearances","text":"Umaru Bangura is Sierra Leone's most capped player with 55 appearances.","title":"Records"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Top goalscorers","title":"Records"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Competitive record"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"FIFA World Cup","title":"Competitive record"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Africa Cup of Nations","title":"Competitive record"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Coaching staff"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Umaru Bangura is Sierra Leone's most capped player with 55 appearances.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Umaru_Bangura.jpg/200px-Umaru_Bangura.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"The FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking\". FIFA. 4 April 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/men","url_text":"\"The FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking\""}]},{"reference":"Courtney, Barrie (15 August 2006). \"Sierra Leone – List of International Matches\". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/sier-intres.html","url_text":"\"Sierra Leone – List of International Matches\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221108044013/https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/sier-intres.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"World Football Elo Ratings\". eloratings.net. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.eloratings.net/","url_text":"\"World Football Elo Ratings\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sierra Leone – List of International Matches\". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 19 November 2015. Archived from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/sier-intres.html","url_text":"\"Sierra Leone – List of International Matches\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221108044013/https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/sier-intres.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Sierra Leone suspends football matches as Ebola virus spreads\". The Independent. 4 August 2014. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/ebola-outbreak-sierra-leone-suspends-football-matches-as-virus-continues-to-sweep-through-west-africa-9647327.html","url_text":"\"Sierra Leone suspends football matches as Ebola virus spreads\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150925180916/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/ebola-outbreak-sierra-leone-suspends-football-matches-as-virus-continues-to-sweep-through-west-africa-9647327.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Ebola affecting Sierra Leone team – Michael Lahoud\". BBC Sport. 14 October 2014. Archived from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/29621447","url_text":"\"Ebola affecting Sierra Leone team – Michael Lahoud\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181218203833/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/29621447","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"The land where football is religion\". FIFATV. 14 October 2014. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021 – via YouTube.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVjOz-NZZdw&t=4m26s","url_text":"\"The land where football is religion\""},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/UVjOz-NZZdw","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Final Squad\". Twitter. Sierra Leone Football Association.","urls":[{"url":"https://x.com/SLFA_sl/status/1795415782081650750","url_text":"\"Final Squad\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sierra Leone\". National Football Teams. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.national-football-teams.com/country/166/Sierra_Leone.html","url_text":"\"Sierra Leone\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230426084232/https://www.national-football-teams.com/country/166/2023/Sierra_Leone.html","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Wallula
|
Lake Wallula
|
["1 See also","2 References"]
|
Coordinates: 45°56′11″N 119°17′52″W / 45.93639°N 119.29778°W / 45.93639; -119.29778Reservoir in Washington / Oregon, United StatesLake WallulaLake WallulaShow map of OregonLake WallulaShow map of Washington (state)Lake WallulaShow map of the United StatesLocationWashington / Oregon,United StatesCoordinates45°56′11″N 119°17′52″W / 45.93639°N 119.29778°W / 45.93639; -119.29778TypereservoirPrimary inflowsColumbia RiverSnake RiverYakima RiverWalla Walla RiverPrimary outflowsColumbia RiverBasin countriesUnited StatesSurface elevation340 ft (100 m)
Lake Wallula is a reservoir on the Columbia River in the United States, between the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon. It was created in 1954 with the construction of McNary Dam. It reaches from McNary Dam near the city of Umatilla, Oregon, to the Tri-Cities of Washington.
Lake Wallula is part of the vast Columbia Basin, a region renowned for its agricultural productivity, hydroelectric power generation, and a destination for recreational activities.
See also
Wallula Gap
List of lakes in Oregon
List of hydroelectric dams on the Columbia River
References
^ "Lake Wallula - Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife". Retrieved 11 January 2024.
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Lake Wallula
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
Israel
United States
This Benton County, Washington state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This Umatilla County, Oregon state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"reservoir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir"},{"link_name":"Columbia River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_River"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"U.S. states","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state"},{"link_name":"Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(U.S._state)"},{"link_name":"Oregon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon"},{"link_name":"McNary Dam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McNary_Dam"},{"link_name":"Umatilla, Oregon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umatilla,_Oregon"},{"link_name":"Tri-Cities","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri-Cities,_Washington"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Reservoir in Washington / Oregon, United StatesLake Wallula is a reservoir on the Columbia River in the United States, between the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon. It was created in 1954 with the construction of McNary Dam. It reaches from McNary Dam near the city of Umatilla, Oregon, to the Tri-Cities of Washington.Lake Wallula is part of the vast Columbia Basin, a region renowned for its agricultural productivity, hydroelectric power generation, and a destination for recreational activities.[1]","title":"Lake Wallula"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"Wallula Gap","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallula_Gap"},{"title":"List of lakes in Oregon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_Oregon"},{"title":"List of hydroelectric dams on the Columbia River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hydroelectric_dams_on_the_Columbia_River"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Lake Wallula - Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife\". Retrieved 11 January 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/locations/lowland-lakes/lake-wallula","url_text":"\"Lake Wallula - Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife\""}]}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_nell%27Indie
|
Alessandro nelle Indie (Pacini)
|
["1 Roles","2 Recording","3 References","4 Further reading","5 External links"]
|
Alessandro nelle IndieOpera seria by Giovanni PaciniPaciniLibrettist
Andrea Leone Tottola
Giovanni Schmidt
LanguageItalianBased onAlessandro nell'Indieby MetastasioPremiere29 September 1824 (1824-09-29)Teatro di San Carlo, Naples
Alessandro nelle Indie (Alexander in India) is an opera seria in two acts by Giovanni Pacini to a libretto by Andrea Leone Tottola and Giovanni Schmidt, based on Alessandro nell'Indie by Pietro Metastasio. It was premiered at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples on 29 September 1824, and had a total of 38 performances in its first season.
This opera is one of some 70 operatic works using Metastasio's text about Alexander the Great, most of which were written in the 18th century, starting with the work by Leonardo Vinci (1730).
Roles
Roles, voice types, premiere cast
Role
Voice type
Premiere cast, 29 September 1824Conductor: Nicola Festa
Cleofide (Cleophis)
soprano
Adelaide Tosi
Poro
soprano
Caterina Lipparini
Alessandro Magno (Alexander the Great)
tenor
Andrea Nozzari
Gandarte
tenor
Giovanni Boccaccio
Timagene
bass
Carlo Moncada
Greek and Indian warriors, courtiers, priests
Recording
2006: Laura Claycomb (Cleofide), Jennifer Larmore (Poro), Bruce Ford (tenor) (Alessandro Magno), Mark Wilde (Gandarte), Dean Robinson (Timagene); Geoffrey Mitchell Choir, London Philharmonic, David Parry (conductor). Recorded November 2006 at Henry Wood Hall, London. Label: Opera Rara ORC35
References
^ Libretto of the first representation in Naples
^ Casaglia, Gherardo (2005). "Alessandro nelle Indie, 29 September 1824". L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia (in Italian).
^ Vasta, Stephen F. (June 2008). "Pacini: Alessandro nell'Indie" (recording review). Opera News. Retrieved 19 October 2015 (subscription required).
Further reading
Balthazar, Scott L., "Alessandro nelle Indie", Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. L. Macy.
Balthazar, Scott L. (with Michael Rose) (1997), "Giovanni Pacini", in Sadie, Stanley (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, New York: Grove (Oxford University Press), Vol. Three, pp. 808—812. ISBN 978-0-19-522186-2
Marinelli-Roscioni, Carlo, Il Teatro di San Carlo La Cronologia 1737–1987, p. 191
External links
Alessandro nelle Indie (Pacini): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
vteGiovanni PaciniList of operasOperas
La schiava in Bagdad (1820)
Alessandro nelle Indie (1824)
L'ultimo giorno di Pompei (1825)
Gli arabi nelle Gallie (1827)
Il convitato di pietra (1832)
Carlo di Borgogna (1835)
Saffo (1840)
Maria, regina d'Inghilterra (1843)
Medea (1843)
Malvina di Scozia (1851)
Category
Portal: Opera
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"opera seria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_seria"},{"link_name":"Giovanni Pacini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Pacini"},{"link_name":"libretto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libretto"},{"link_name":"Andrea Leone Tottola","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Leone_Tottola"},{"link_name":"Giovanni Schmidt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Schmidt"},{"link_name":"Alessandro nell'Indie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_nell%27Indie_(Metastasio)"},{"link_name":"Pietro Metastasio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_Metastasio"},{"link_name":"Teatro di San Carlo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatro_di_San_Carlo"},{"link_name":"Alexander the Great","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great"},{"link_name":"Leonardo Vinci","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_Vinci"}],"text":"Alessandro nelle Indie (Alexander in India) is an opera seria in two acts by Giovanni Pacini to a libretto by Andrea Leone Tottola and Giovanni Schmidt, based on Alessandro nell'Indie by Pietro Metastasio. It was premiered at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples on 29 September 1824, and had a total of 38 performances in its first season.This opera is one of some 70 operatic works using Metastasio's text about Alexander the Great, most of which were written in the 18th century, starting with the work by Leonardo Vinci (1730).","title":"Alessandro nelle Indie (Pacini)"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Roles"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Laura Claycomb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Claycomb"},{"link_name":"Jennifer Larmore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Larmore"},{"link_name":"Bruce Ford (tenor)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Ford_(tenor)"},{"link_name":"Geoffrey Mitchell Choir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Mitchell_Choir"},{"link_name":"London Philharmonic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Philharmonic_Orchestra"},{"link_name":"David Parry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Parry_(conductor)"},{"link_name":"Henry Wood Hall, London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Wood_Hall,_London"},{"link_name":"Opera Rara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_Rara"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"2006: Laura Claycomb (Cleofide), Jennifer Larmore (Poro), Bruce Ford (tenor) (Alessandro Magno), Mark Wilde (Gandarte), Dean Robinson (Timagene); Geoffrey Mitchell Choir, London Philharmonic, David Parry (conductor). Recorded November 2006 at Henry Wood Hall, London. Label: Opera Rara ORC35[3]","title":"Recording"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians"},{"link_name":"Sadie, Stanley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Sadie"},{"link_name":"The New Grove Dictionary of Opera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-19-522186-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-522186-2"}],"text":"Balthazar, Scott L., \"Alessandro nelle Indie\", Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. L. Macy.\nBalthazar, Scott L. (with Michael Rose) (1997), \"Giovanni Pacini\", in Sadie, Stanley (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, New York: Grove (Oxford University Press), Vol. Three, pp. 808—812. ISBN 978-0-19-522186-2\nMarinelli-Roscioni, Carlo, Il Teatro di San Carlo La Cronologia 1737–1987, p. 191","title":"Further reading"}]
|
[]
| null |
[]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.loc.gov/resource/musschatz.13309.0/?sp=5","external_links_name":"Libretto of the first representation in Naples"},{"Link":"https://almanac-gherardo-casaglia.com/index.php?Giorno=29&Mese=09&Anno=1824&Testo=Alessandro_nelle_Indie&Parola=Stringa","external_links_name":"\"Alessandro nelle Indie, 29 September 1824\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160409235000/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1487695701.html","external_links_name":"\"Pacini: Alessandro nell'Indie\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1871_United_Kingdom_census
|
1871 United Kingdom census
|
["1 See also","2 References"]
|
Census of the population of the United Kingdom
Census 1871
← 1861
2 April 1871
1881 →
General informationCountryUnited Kingdom
The United Kingdom Census 1871 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland carried out on Sunday 2 April 1871. It added the categories of "lunatic" to those recorded as infirm.
The total population of England, Wales and Scotland was recorded as 26,072,036.
See also
Census in the United Kingdom
List of United Kingdom censuses
References
^ "Census records". The National Archives. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
^ 1801-1901. Office for National Statistics. Archived by The National Archives 28 January 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
^ "1871 England, Wales & Scotland Census". FindMyPast. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
Preceded by1861
UK census 1871
Succeeded by1881
vteCensus in the United KingdomCensusesPublished
1801
1811
1821
1831
1841
Ireland
1851
1861
1871
1881
1891
1901
1911
Ireland
1921
1939
Unpublished
1931
1951
1961
1966
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
2021
Future
2031 (unconfirmed)
Census acts
1800
1900
1920
1969 (Northern Ireland)
1991
2000
See also
Annual Population Survey
Beyond 2011
Census Enumerators' Books
UK Data Service
This article related to government in the United Kingdom or its constituent countries is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This census-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"The United Kingdom Census 1871 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland carried out on Sunday 2 April 1871.[1] It added the categories of \"lunatic\" to those recorded as infirm.[2]The total population of England, Wales and Scotland was recorded as 26,072,036.[3]","title":"1871 United Kingdom census"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"Census in the United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census_in_the_United_Kingdom"},{"title":"List of United Kingdom censuses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_censuses"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Census records\". The National Archives. Retrieved 7 March 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/census-records/#6-when-were-the-censuses-taken","url_text":"\"Census records\""}]},{"reference":"\"1871 England, Wales & Scotland Census\". FindMyPast. Retrieved 15 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://search.findmypast.co.uk/search-world-records/1871-england-wales-and-scotland-census","url_text":"\"1871 England, Wales & Scotland Census\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/census-records/#6-when-were-the-censuses-taken","external_links_name":"\"Census records\""},{"Link":"http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160128181439/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/census-history/200-years-of-the-census/1801-1901/index.html","external_links_name":"1801-1901."},{"Link":"https://search.findmypast.co.uk/search-world-records/1871-england-wales-and-scotland-census","external_links_name":"\"1871 England, Wales & Scotland Census\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1871_United_Kingdom_census&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1871_United_Kingdom_census&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmaster-General
|
Postmaster General
|
["1 History","2 International","3 References"]
|
Chief executive officer of the postal service of a country
A Postmaster General, in Anglosphere countries, is the chief executive officer of the postal service of that country, a ministerial office responsible for overseeing all other postmasters.
History
The practice of having a government official responsible for overseeing the delivery of mail throughout the nation originated in England. A 'Master of the Posts' is mentioned in the King's Book of Payments, with a payment of £100 being authorised for Sir Brian Tuke as 'Master of the King's Post' in February 1512. In 1517, he was appointed to the office of 'Governor of the King's Posts', a precursor to the office of Postmaster General of the United Kingdom, by Henry VIII. In 1609, it was decreed that letters could only be carried and delivered by persons authorised by the Postmaster General.
In the United Kingdom, the office of Postmaster General was abolished in 1969. It was replaced by the Minister of Posts and Telecommunications. In 2000, its functions were transferred to the Secretary of State at the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).
International
International equivalents include:
Jurisdiction
Official title
Years
Scotland
Postmaster General for Scotland
1616–1707
United States
United States Postmaster General
1775–present
Ireland
Postmaster-General of Ireland
1784–1831
Sri Lanka
Postmaster General of Sri Lanka
1815–present
New Zealand
Postmaster-General of New Zealand
1858–1989
Hong Kong
Postmaster General of Hong Kong
1860–present
Canada
Postmaster General of Canada
1867–1981
Australia
Postmaster-General of Australia
1901–1975
References
Look up postmaster general in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
^ a b c d Baroness Miller of Hendon (15 June 2000). "Division No. 1 (Postal Services Bill)". Lords Hansard text for 15 June 2000 (22615-08). Vol. 613 – Part No. 104. Hansard. col. 1782. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
^ Brewer, J.S.; Brewer, John Sherren; Brodie, Robert Henry; Gairdner, James (1864). Letters and papers, foreign and domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII. Preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum, and elsewhere in England. Vol. II, pt. II. Public Record Office, London: Longman, Green, Longman, & Roberts. p. 1454.
^ Walker (1938), p. 37
vteMail and postal systemsHistory
Timeline of postal history
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Commons
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hansard-1"},{"link_name":"Anglosphere","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglosphere"},{"link_name":"postal service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postal_service"},{"link_name":"ministerial office","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerial_office"},{"link_name":"postmasters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmaster"}],"text":"A Postmaster General,[1] in Anglosphere countries, is the chief executive officer of the postal service of that country, a ministerial office responsible for overseeing all other postmasters.","title":"Postmaster General"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"government official","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_official"},{"link_name":"mail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"link_name":"£","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling"},{"link_name":"Sir Brian Tuke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Brian_Tuke"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hansard-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Postmaster General of the United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmaster_General_of_the_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Henry VIII","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hansard-1"},{"link_name":"Minister of Posts and Telecommunications","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Posts_and_Telecommunications_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"Secretary of State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"Department of Trade and Industry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hansard-1"}],"text":"The practice of having a government official responsible for overseeing the delivery of mail throughout the nation originated in England. A 'Master of the Posts' is mentioned in the King's Book of Payments, with a payment of £100 being authorised for Sir Brian Tuke as 'Master of the King's Post'[1] in February 1512.[2] In 1517, he was appointed to the office of 'Governor of the King's Posts', a precursor to the office of Postmaster General of the United Kingdom, by Henry VIII.[3] In 1609, it was decreed that letters could only be carried and delivered by persons authorised by the Postmaster General.[1]In the United Kingdom, the office of Postmaster General was abolished in 1969. It was replaced by the Minister of Posts and Telecommunications. In 2000, its functions were transferred to the Secretary of State at the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).[1]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"International equivalents include:","title":"International"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Envelope for mailing","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cartica.png/70px-Cartica.png"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"Baroness Miller of Hendon (15 June 2000). \"Division No. 1 (Postal Services Bill)\". Lords Hansard text for 15 June 2000 (22615-08). Vol. 613 – Part No. 104. Hansard. col. 1782. Retrieved 17 August 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroness_Miller_of_Hendon","url_text":"Baroness Miller of Hendon"},{"url":"https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199900/ldhansrd/vo000615/text/00615-08.htm","url_text":"\"Division No. 1 (Postal Services Bill)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hansard","url_text":"Hansard"}]},{"reference":"Brewer, J.S.; Brewer, John Sherren; Brodie, Robert Henry; Gairdner, James (1864). Letters and papers, foreign and domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII. Preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum, and elsewhere in England. Vol. II, pt. II. Public Record Office, London: Longman, Green, Longman, & Roberts. p. 1454.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/lettersandpaper12offigoog","url_text":"Letters and papers, foreign and domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII. Preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum, and elsewhere in England"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Record_Office","url_text":"Public Record Office"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/lettersandpaper12offigoog/page/n582","url_text":"1454"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis_Hoosiers_(Federal_League)
|
Newark Peppers
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["1 History","2 Notable players","2.1 Baseball Hall of Famers","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"]
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Federal League baseball team
Newark PeppersInformationLocation
Harrison, New Jersey (1915)
Indianapolis, Indiana (1913–1914)
Ballpark
Harrison Park (1915)
Federal League Park (1914)
Founded1913Disbanded1915League championships1 (1914)Former name(s)
Newark Peppers (1915)
Indianapolis Hoosiers (1914)
Former league(s)
Federal League
ColorsRoyal blue, white, red
OwnershipHarry Ford SinclairManagerBill Phillips
The Newark Peppers, originally known as the Indianapolis Hoosiers, were a Federal League baseball team from 1913–1915. The Federal League (FL), founded in 1913, was a third major league in 1914 and 1915.
History
The Federal League began as an independent minor league in 1913. The franchise placed in Indianapolis, Indiana, was called the "Hoosier Feds" or just "Hoosiers", and won the 1913 league championship. Their ball field the first season was referred to as Riverside Beach or Riverside Park, and newspapers reported its location as "30th Street and Riverside Park".
When the Federal League declared itself a challenger to the two major leagues in 1914, it retained its franchise in Indianapolis, and built a new facility, Federal League Park. Primarily owned by oil magnate Harry F. Sinclair, the Hoosiers again won the Federal League championship that year with an 88–65 record.
Although the FL had placed a team (the Tip-Tops) in Brooklyn, from the outset Federal League officials felt they could more effectively compete commercially against the American and National leagues by placing a team in Manhattan. All attempts were effectively blocked by principals of the two existing Manhattan teams (the New York Giants and the New York Yankees). Federal League executives decided to relocate the Indianapolis franchise to a major city in the New York metropolitan area, and Newark was chosen. Although the team was named the Newark Peppers (called "The Peps" for short, and initially also "Newfeds"), the team actually played at Harrison Park, in the town of Harrison, New Jersey, across the Passaic River from downtown Newark. (As part of the franchise transfer, Indianapolis outfielder Benny Kauff, who was the Federal League batting champ in 1914, was placed with the Tip-Tops.)
The team finished in 5th place with a won–loss record of 80–72. The Peppers were disbanded when the Federal League went out of business after the 1915 season.
The Peppers were the only major league baseball franchise in New Jersey besides the Elizabeth Resolutes, who played half of the 1873 season in the National Association (the precursor to the National League). The Brooklyn Dodgers played seven "home" games (one against each NL rival) in Jersey City in 1956 and 1957.
Neither Indianapolis or Newark have had a major league baseball team since 1915.
Notable players
The team's roster included future Baseball Hall of Fame members Edd Roush and Bill McKechnie. Other notable major leaguers on the Peppers included pitchers Ed Reulbach and Cy Falkenberg.
Team infielder Rupert Mills "played" the non-existent 1916 "season." A clause in his 1915 contract guaranteed him a salary for the following year as long as he continued to show up at the park, suited and ready to play for the team. Mills fulfilled his contractual obligation, coming to the empty park each day and performing a physical workout to remain in playing condition. Mills, who was born in Newark, was also the only native Jerseyan on the team.
Baseball Hall of Famers
Main article: National Baseball Hall of Fame
Newark Peppers Hall of Famers
Affiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
Bill McKechnieEdd Roush
Players and managers listed in bold are depicted on their Hall of Fame plaques wearing a Peppers cap insignia.
See also
1914 Indianapolis Hoosiers season
1915 Newark Peppers season
References
^ The Federal League of Base Ball Clubs, by Robert Peyton Wiggins, published by McFarland, 2009
^ The Federal League of 1914–1915: Baseball's Third Major League, by Marc Okkonen, published by SABR, 1989
^ Hoosiers article at Everything2
^ Chicago Tribune May 11, 1915, page 11 "The Whales fairly knocked the cover off the ball, easily defeating the Newark Peppers by the score of 10 to 5"]
External links
1914 Indianapolis Hoosiers at Baseball Reference
1915 Newark Peppers at Baseball Reference
vteIndianapolis Hoosiers 1914 Federal League champions
Harry Billiard
Vin Campbell
Charlie Carr
Biddy Dolan
Jimmy Esmond
Cy Falkenberg
Al Kaiser
George Kaiserling
Benny Kauff
Frank LaPorte
Bill McKechnie
Earl Moseley
George Mullin
Bill Rariden
Edd Roush
Al Scheer
Carl Vandagrift
Manager
Bill Phillips
Business manager
Bill Watkins
1914 Indianapolis Hoosiers season
vteFederal LeagueTeams
Baltimore Terrapins
Brooklyn Tip-Tops
Buffalo Blues
Chicago Whales
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Stadiums
Exposition Park
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Gordon and Koppel Field
Handlan's Park
Harrison Park
International Fair Association Grounds
Luna Park
Terrapin Park
Washington Park
Weeghman Park
Related
Federal Baseball Club v. National League
James A. Gilmore
|
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Sinclair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_F._Sinclair"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"that year","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_in_baseball"},{"link_name":"Tip-Tops","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_Tip-Tops"},{"link_name":"Brooklyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn"},{"link_name":"Manhattan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan"},{"link_name":"New York Giants","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_New_York_Giants_(NL)"},{"link_name":"New York Yankees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Yankees"},{"link_name":"Newark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Harrison Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrison_Park_(New_Jersey)"},{"link_name":"Harrison, New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrison,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Passaic River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passaic_River"},{"link_name":"outfielder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outfielder"},{"link_name":"Benny Kauff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Kauff"},{"link_name":"batting champ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_batting_champions"},{"link_name":"Elizabeth Resolutes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Resolutes"},{"link_name":"National Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Base_Ball_Players"},{"link_name":"Brooklyn Dodgers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers"}],"text":"The Federal League began as an independent minor league in 1913. The franchise placed in Indianapolis, Indiana, was called the \"Hoosier Feds\" or just \"Hoosiers\", and won the 1913 league championship. Their ball field the first season was referred to as Riverside Beach or Riverside Park, and newspapers reported its location as \"30th Street and Riverside Park\".When the Federal League declared itself a challenger to the two major leagues in 1914, it retained its franchise in Indianapolis, and built a new facility, Federal League Park. Primarily owned by oil magnate Harry F. Sinclair,[3] the Hoosiers again won the Federal League championship that year with an 88–65 record.Although the FL had placed a team (the Tip-Tops) in Brooklyn, from the outset Federal League officials felt they could more effectively compete commercially against the American and National leagues by placing a team in Manhattan. All attempts were effectively blocked by principals of the two existing Manhattan teams (the New York Giants and the New York Yankees). Federal League executives decided to relocate the Indianapolis franchise to a major city in the New York metropolitan area, and Newark was chosen. Although the team was named the Newark Peppers[4] (called \"The Peps\" for short, and initially also \"Newfeds\"), the team actually played at Harrison Park, in the town of Harrison, New Jersey, across the Passaic River from downtown Newark. (As part of the franchise transfer, Indianapolis outfielder Benny Kauff, who was the Federal League batting champ in 1914, was placed with the Tip-Tops.)The team finished in 5th place with a won–loss record of 80–72. The Peppers were disbanded when the Federal League went out of business after the 1915 season.The Peppers were the only major league baseball franchise in New Jersey besides the Elizabeth Resolutes, who played half of the 1873 season in the National Association (the precursor to the National League). The Brooklyn Dodgers played seven \"home\" games (one against each NL rival) in Jersey City in 1956 and 1957.Neither Indianapolis or Newark have had a major league baseball team since 1915.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Baseball Hall of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame"},{"link_name":"Edd Roush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edd_Roush"},{"link_name":"Bill McKechnie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_McKechnie"},{"link_name":"Ed Reulbach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Reulbach"},{"link_name":"Cy Falkenberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cy_Falkenberg"},{"link_name":"Rupert Mills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Mills"}],"text":"The team's roster included future Baseball Hall of Fame members Edd Roush and Bill McKechnie. Other notable major leaguers on the Peppers included pitchers Ed Reulbach and Cy Falkenberg.Team infielder Rupert Mills \"played\" the non-existent 1916 \"season.\" A clause in his 1915 contract guaranteed him a salary for the following year as long as he continued to show up at the park, suited and ready to play for the team. Mills fulfilled his contractual obligation, coming to the empty park each day and performing a physical workout to remain in playing condition. Mills, who was born in Newark, was also the only native Jerseyan on the team.","title":"Notable players"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Baseball Hall of Famers","title":"Notable players"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"1914 Indianapolis Hoosiers season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_Indianapolis_Hoosiers_season"},{"title":"1915 Newark Peppers season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915_Newark_Peppers_season"}]
|
[]
|
[{"Link":"http://everything2.com/e2node/Indianapolis%2520Hoosiers","external_links_name":"Hoosiers article at Everything2"},{"Link":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/IND/1914.shtml","external_links_name":"1914 Indianapolis Hoosiers"},{"Link":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/NEW/1915.shtml","external_links_name":"1915 Newark Peppers"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Murray_(writer)
|
William Murray (writer)
|
["1 Biography","2 Personal life and death","3 Selected works","4 References","5 External links"]
|
American novelist
William MurrayBorn(1926-04-26)April 26, 1926New York City, New York, U.S.DiedSeptember 3, 2005(2005-09-03) (aged 79)New York City, New York, U.S.OccupationFiction writer, journalistEducationHarvard UniversityEmployer(s)Esquire, The New YorkerNotable worksShifty Lou Anderson seriesParentsNatalia Danesi Murray and William Murray
William Murray (April 8, 1926 – March 9, 2005) was an American novelist, fiction editor, and staff writer at The New Yorker for more than thirty years.
Biography
He was the son of Natalia Danesi Murray, editor at publishing houses Mondadori and Rizzoli, and William Murray, head of the William Morris Agency in New York. He attended Harvard University, but left after a year. He served in the military. At one time he wanted to be an opera singer.
His 1967 novel The Sweet Ride was adapted into a movie of the same name in 1968.
Before he joined The New Yorker, he wrote for Esquire magazine; in 1970 he published a book, Previews of Coming Attractions, collecting stories he had written for the magazine. Among his many contributions to The New Yorker was the magazine's "Letters from Italy" of which he was the sole author.
Murray's novel Malibu, published in 1980, was made into a two-part made-for-television drama film of the same name in 1983.
From 1984 to 1996, he wrote a series of mystery novels set in the world of horse racing, many featuring Shifty Lou Anderson, a professional magician and horseplayer.
Murray wrote a book about growing up with his mother and the latter's partner, Janet Flanner — Janet, My Mother, and Me (Simon & Schuster, 2000). The book was awarded Non-fiction Honors at the 2001 Stonewall Book Awards.
Personal life and death
In 1966, Murray moved to Southern California. The majority of his later years were spent living in Del Mar, California, "exactly 3.2 miles from the finish line" of Del Mar Thoroughbred Club.
Murray died in March 2005 at age 78. Just prior to his death, Murray had completed a book about Chicago's Lyric Opera Center for American Artists.
Selected works
The Fugitive Romans: A Novel of Modern Italy (Vanguard Press, 1955)
Mystery on the Island (Ladybird Books, Loughborough, 1966)
The Sweet Ride (Signet, 1967)
Previews of Coming Attractions: Scenes and Faces from the Permanent L.A. Fun Game (World Publishing Company, 1970)
Malibu (Ballantine Books, 1980) ISBN 978-0345290304
The Last Italian: Portrait of a People (Destination Book) (Touchstone, 1992) ISBN 978-0794603311
The Wrong Horse: An Odyssey Through the American Racing Scene (Simon & Schuster, 1992) ISBN 978-0671767747
The Right Horse: How to Win More, Lose Less and Have a Great Time at the Racetrack (Doubleday, 1997) ISBN 978-0385483537
Janet, My Mother, and Me: A Memoir of Growing Up With Janet Flanner and Natalia Danesi Murray (Simon & Schuster, 2000) ISBN 0-684-80966-4
City of the Soul: A Walk in Rome (Crown Journeys) (Crown, 2003) ISBN 978-0609606148
Fortissimo: Backstage at the Opera with Sacred Monsters and Young Singers (Crown, 2005) ISBN 978-1400053605
Shifty Lou Anderson series
Tip on a Dead Crab (1984)
The Hard Knocker's Luck (1985)
When the Fat Man Sings (1987)
The King of the Nightcap (1989)
The Getaway Blues (1990)
I'm Getting Killed Right Here (1991)
We're Off to See the Killer (1993)
Now You See Her, Now You Don't (1995)
A Fine Italian Hand (1996)
References
^ a b Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (March 12, 2005). "William Murray, Novelist and New Yorker Writer, Dies at 78". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
^ "Brought Up by His Critics". The New York Times. 2000. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
^ "Obituaries: Theodor Uppman, stalwart Met baritone, dies at eighty-five; conductor Gary Bertini; editor Elizabeth S. Crow; sopranos Dorothy Dow and Una Hale; author William Murray; musicologist Stanley Sadie; impresario James Stuart". Opera News. Vol. 69, no. 12. June 2005. Retrieved May 21, 2009.
External links
William Murray Papers MSS 691. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library.
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Germany
United States
Japan
Netherlands
Other
SNAC
This article about a fiction writer from the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The New Yorker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYT-obit-1"}],"text":"William Murray (April 8, 1926 – March 9, 2005) was an American novelist, fiction editor, and staff writer at The New Yorker for more than thirty years.[1]","title":"William Murray (writer)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Natalia Danesi Murray","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalia_Danesi_Murray"},{"link_name":"Mondadori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondadori"},{"link_name":"Rizzoli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizzoli_Libri"},{"link_name":"William Morris Agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Morris_Agency"},{"link_name":"Harvard University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University"},{"link_name":"movie of the same name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sweet_Ride"},{"link_name":"Esquire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"made-for-television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_film"},{"link_name":"drama film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)"},{"link_name":"of the same name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malibu_(film)"},{"link_name":"mystery novels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystery_novel"},{"link_name":"horse racing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_racing"},{"link_name":"Shifty Lou Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shifty_Lou_Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"magician","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_(illusion)"},{"link_name":"horseplayer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betting_on_horse_racing"},{"link_name":"Janet Flanner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Flanner"},{"link_name":"Simon & Schuster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_2000-2"},{"link_name":"Stonewall Book Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Book_Award"}],"text":"He was the son of Natalia Danesi Murray, editor at publishing houses Mondadori and Rizzoli, and William Murray, head of the William Morris Agency in New York. He attended Harvard University, but left after a year. He served in the military. At one time he wanted to be an opera singer.His 1967 novel The Sweet Ride was adapted into a movie of the same name in 1968.Before he joined The New Yorker, he wrote for Esquire magazine; in 1970 he published a book, Previews of Coming Attractions, collecting stories he had written for the magazine. Among his many contributions to The New Yorker was the magazine's \"Letters from Italy\" of which he was the sole author.Murray's novel Malibu, published in 1980, was made into a two-part made-for-television drama film of the same name in 1983.From 1984 to 1996, he wrote a series of mystery novels set in the world of horse racing, many featuring Shifty Lou Anderson, a professional magician and horseplayer.Murray wrote a book about growing up with his mother and the latter's partner, Janet Flanner — Janet, My Mother, and Me (Simon & Schuster, 2000).[2] The book was awarded Non-fiction Honors at the 2001 Stonewall Book Awards.","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Southern California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_California"},{"link_name":"Del Mar, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del_Mar,_California"},{"link_name":"Del Mar Thoroughbred Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del_Mar_Thoroughbred_Club"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYT-obit-1"},{"link_name":"Lyric Opera Center for American Artists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyric_Opera_of_Chicago#Lyric_Opera_Center_for_American_Artists"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-opera-3"}],"text":"In 1966, Murray moved to Southern California. The majority of his later years were spent living in Del Mar, California, \"exactly 3.2 miles from the finish line\" of Del Mar Thoroughbred Club.[1]Murray died in March 2005 at age 78. Just prior to his death, Murray had completed a book about Chicago's Lyric Opera Center for American Artists.[3]","title":"Personal life and death"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Vanguard Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanguard_Press"},{"link_name":"Ladybird Books","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladybird_Books"},{"link_name":"Signet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signet_Books"},{"link_name":"World Publishing Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Publishing_Company"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0345290304","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0345290304"},{"link_name":"Touchstone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchstone_Books"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0794603311","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0794603311"},{"link_name":"Simon & Schuster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0671767747","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0671767747"},{"link_name":"Doubleday","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0385483537","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0385483537"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-684-80966-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-80966-4"},{"link_name":"Crown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0609606148","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0609606148"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1400053605","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400053605"}],"text":"The Fugitive Romans: A Novel of Modern Italy (Vanguard Press, 1955)\nMystery on the Island (Ladybird Books, Loughborough, 1966)\nThe Sweet Ride (Signet, 1967)\nPreviews of Coming Attractions: Scenes and Faces from the Permanent L.A. Fun Game (World Publishing Company, 1970)\nMalibu (Ballantine Books, 1980) ISBN 978-0345290304\nThe Last Italian: Portrait of a People (Destination Book) (Touchstone, 1992) ISBN 978-0794603311\nThe Wrong Horse: An Odyssey Through the American Racing Scene (Simon & Schuster, 1992) ISBN 978-0671767747\nThe Right Horse: How to Win More, Lose Less and Have a Great Time at the Racetrack (Doubleday, 1997) ISBN 978-0385483537\nJanet, My Mother, and Me: A Memoir of Growing Up With Janet Flanner and Natalia Danesi Murray (Simon & Schuster, 2000) ISBN 0-684-80966-4\nCity of the Soul: A Walk in Rome (Crown Journeys) (Crown, 2003) ISBN 978-0609606148\nFortissimo: Backstage at the Opera with Sacred Monsters and Young Singers (Crown, 2005) ISBN 978-1400053605Shifty Lou Anderson seriesTip on a Dead Crab (1984)\nThe Hard Knocker's Luck (1985)\nWhen the Fat Man Sings (1987)\nThe King of the Nightcap (1989)\nThe Getaway Blues (1990)\nI'm Getting Killed Right Here (1991)\nWe're Off to See the Killer (1993)\nNow You See Her, Now You Don't (1995)\nA Fine Italian Hand (1996)","title":"Selected works"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (March 12, 2005). \"William Murray, Novelist and New Yorker Writer, Dies at 78\". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 23, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/12/books/william-murray-novelist-and-new-yorker-writer-dies-at-78.html","url_text":"\"William Murray, Novelist and New Yorker Writer, Dies at 78\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"}]},{"reference":"\"Brought Up by His Critics\". The New York Times. 2000. Retrieved 29 September 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/05/books/brought-up-by-his-critics.html","url_text":"\"Brought Up by His Critics\""}]},{"reference":"\"Obituaries: Theodor Uppman, stalwart Met baritone, dies at eighty-five; conductor Gary Bertini; editor Elizabeth S. Crow; sopranos Dorothy Dow and Una Hale; author William Murray; musicologist Stanley Sadie; impresario James Stuart\". Opera News. Vol. 69, no. 12. June 2005. Retrieved May 21, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.metoperafamily.org/operanews/issue/article.aspx?id=1175&issueID=48&archive=true","url_text":"\"Obituaries: Theodor Uppman, stalwart Met baritone, dies at eighty-five; conductor Gary Bertini; editor Elizabeth S. Crow; sopranos Dorothy Dow and Una Hale; author William Murray; musicologist Stanley Sadie; impresario James Stuart\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_News","url_text":"Opera News"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelo_Barbarigo
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Angelo Barbarigo
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["1 References"]
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Angelo Barbarigo (1350-1418) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal.
References
^ Miranda, Salvador. "BARBARIGO, Angelo (ca. 1350-1418)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
^ Cheney, David M. "Angelo Cardinal Barbarigo". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
Bishop of Kisamos 1383–1406
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Bishop of Verona 1406–1409
Succeeded byGuido Memo
Preceded by
Cardinal-Priest of Santi Marcellino e Pietro 1408–1415
Succeeded by
Preceded byAntonio Calvi
Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prassede 1415–1418
Succeeded byJean Le Jeune
Portals: Biography Catholicism Italy
Authority control databases: People
Italian People
This article about an Italian Catholic cardinal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Angelo Barbarigo"}]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_member
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Casting (performing arts)
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["1 Cast types or roles","2 Casting process","3 Casting director / casting agencies","3.1 Casting director workshops","4 Casting office personnel","5 Race and gender in casting","6 Recognition for casting","6.1 Canada","6.2 United Kingdom","6.3 United States","7 National organizations","7.1 Casting Society of America (CSA)","8 See also","9 References","10 External links"]
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"Starring role" redirects here. For the Marina and the Diamonds song, see Electra Heart.Pre-production process for selecting actors, dancers, singers, or extras for roles or parts
Casting call for black cats, Los Angeles, 1961; seeking cats for Tales of Terror
In the performing arts industry such as theatre, film, or television, casting, or a casting call, is a pre-production process for selecting a certain type of actor, dancer, singer, or extra for a particular role or part in a script, screenplay, or teleplay. This process may be used for a motion picture, television program, documentary film, music video, play, or advertisement, intended for an audience.
Cast types or roles
Actors are selected to play various types of roles. Main cast, also called starring roles, comprise several actors whose appearances are significant in film, theatre, or television. There is often a male or female lead who plays the largest role, that of the protagonist in a production. When there is no singular lead, the main roles are referred to collectively as an ensemble cast, which comprises several principal actors and performers who are typically assigned roughly equal screen time. A supporting actor is one with a role that is important to a play or film, but less so than that of the leading actor(s). A supporting role is more important than a bit part, which involves direct interaction with the principal actors but no more than five lines of dialogue, often referred to as a "five-or-less" or "under-five" in the United States, or "under-sixes" in British television. When a well-known actor or other celebrity appears in a bit part, it is sometimes called a cameo appearance.
Casting process
The casting process involves a series of auditions before a casting panel, composed of individuals within a theatrical production such as theatrical producer, and theater director. However, within a given television production a casting panel can consist of a television producer, or within film production a casting panel could contain a film producer, film director, and/or choreographer. Usually, in nearly all areas of show business, a casting director is on this panel as well. In the early stages of this process performers often may present, or are presented with prepared audition pieces such as monologues, songs, choreography, scripts and or sides.
These audition pieces are usually videotaped, typically in the form of screen tests and then attached with resumes, as well as head shots and or viewed online via websites such as IMDb, then shared with film producers, film directors and or studio executives. Later stages may involve groups of actors—both union (SAG-AFTRA) and non-union, depending on the size and scope of the production—attempting to read material from the work under consideration, paired off in various combinations of two, three or more. With each of the actor's overall motivational choices evaluated, the casting panel considers both the individual actor, and the "chemistry" created from either one of the combinations set forth within the read-through.
Casting calls may go out into the general public at large, sometimes referred to as a "cattle call" (a U.S. term), or open audition, in which hundreds or even thousands of performers compete for a number of roles.
Casting character breakdowns, not to be confused with script breakdowns, are often provided by production agents who submit their clients to casting, which provides a brief summary of character (age, gender, race or ethnicity, situations they may be involved in).
These agents and managers are positioned all over the world, and subscribe to this service that literally has an entire suite of services for just about every aspect of the breakdown, for a monthly service subscription fee.
An actor may go through several casting calls before receiving a part, and even though well-known actors or actresses often still go through this very necessary process, some are privileged enough to have well-known writers, screenwriters, directors and/or producers pitch a project for their intent to be cast in a role. The well-known actor or actress often negotiates producer credit as well as very lucrative monetary compensation.
Casting director / casting agencies
For some major productions, the process of selecting actors for sometimes hundreds of speaking parts and roles often requires specialized staff. While the last word remains with the people in charge such as the director, producer, artistic departments and overall production team, a casting director or "CD" is in charge of most of the daily work involved in this process during pre-production. A casting director is sometimes assisted by a casting associate; productions with large numbers of extras may have their own extras casting director as well. However, in all aspects of a film or television production's budget, they are all a part of the above-the-line, answering to the director as part of his or her staff.
Most films use either a casting agency or a casting director to find actors to match the roles in the film, apart from the lead actors, who are often chosen by directors and producers. The job of a casting director is to know a lot about a lot of actors, so that they can advise and present to the director the best of the available talent. Casting directors are highly influential and are usually on the project because the director trusts their judgement; they are also the ones who decide who the director does see.
Casting agencies are independent organisations which liaise between performers and directors or producers. They need to have detailed knowledge of actors on their books, as they are responsible for putting forward suitable candidates to match specific roles described by producers and directors. The agency draws up lists, and interviews are conducted, after which selected candidates attend an audition. If the producer selects one or more actors, the casting agency negotiates contracts and fees. Casting agents have to get to know many performers and assess their level of skill, and use a selection process to cut a large number down to a small group to bring to the producer for consideration. They may also represent actors, but not necessarily.
The role of the casting director or casting agency may include the following:
Maintain a list of actors (including availability details, headshots, videos) and get to know them
Meet the film's director and, if possible, the writers
Understand the story and characters, which involved reading the script
Keep within the production budget
Run auditions
Recommend actors
Negotiate contracts between (often done by the actor's agent)
Assist the actors with understanding the characters
The casting director remains as a liaison between director, actors and their agents/managers and the studio/network to get the characters in the script cast. Some casting directors build an impressive career working on numerous Hollywood productions, such as Marion Dougherty, Mary Jo Slater, Mary Selway, Lynn Stalmaster, April Webster, Robert J. Ulrich, Tammara Billik, Marci Liroff, Avy Kaufman, Mindy Marin, Robi Reed, and Allison Jones.
At least in the early stages of casting and or extras casting, the process may be decentralized geographically, often in conjunction with actual shooting planned in different locations. Another reason may be tapping into each home market in the case of an international co-production. However, for the top parts, the choice of one or more beautiful people, whose presence is of enormous commercial importance, may rather follow strictly personal channels, e.g. direct contact with the director. During this time known as the "attachment phase" of a film, the casting director's job is to send out copies of the current script to agents for what is known as coverage. Coverage is when a script yet to be cast is read, summarized into a one-pager, and a brief set of character descriptions established. At this time, if an agency agrees to give coverage to a film, they will submit a list of ideas to the casting directors of actors available, capable, and in the price range of the film. Also, casting directors create their own idea lists and can "check avails" or call the actor representation to see if they are available and interested in taking on potential projects. If an idea that is generated from a casting director and a subsequent avail check or from an agent's recommendation is "approved" by the director, producers, and financiers (or studio), the casting director sends out what is called an "offer". The offer, usually contains a letter to the actor's representative explaining the role in question, a copy of the script, why the actor has been selected, the length of time commitment, the approximate start date of filming, the filming location, and the proposed salary offering. If the actor does not respond to the material or for whatever reason cannot accept the job, they respond to casting with what is called a "pass." If they accept the offer, the agent engages the casting director and a deal memo is sent from casting to the representative. It is at this time when negotiations between agency and production happen to finalize any deal points before the entertainment lawyers step in and draw up the attachment contracts. If this process happens very early on in the development of a movie but the official shoot dates and details are not yet known, a Letter of Intent or "LOI" is drafted, to indicate, if and when the project is "green lit" or begins active production, the actor is already hired to portray that particular role.
After the attachment phase is complete (which depends on many factors, including financial backers, studio heads, availability of other above-the-line personnel), the physical auditions begin for all of the remaining roles. During this time, depending on the budget of the film, they could have what is called "pre-screens" where the actor auditions only for a casting director (or associate) to see if they are right for the material. After pre-screens would be a "director session". During this time the actor comes in and auditions (usually with the same material) and performs for the casting director and the film director. If there is a next step, it is usually a "callback" or producer session, where anyone who has decision-making power is in the room for your audition. In television, this phase is referred to as a "screen test" and network executives would also be in attendance. Once actors are selected from the pool of available actors, the same booking process that happens in the attachment phase takes place for any actor except extras.
The resulting list of actors who were selected to play a character for a production, is called a cast list, which is incorporated into a production company's daily call sheet, and reflected in the projects title sequence especially with film and television.
Casting director workshops
A common practice of many casting directors and casting associates in the United States have been casting director workshops. The types of workshop practices vary, but typically aspiring actors pay to perform in front of a casting professional who provides feedback on the performance. Actors and industry professionals against workshops argue that casting directors are paid to find talent, not have talent pay to be seen by them. Supporters of the workshops argue that the workshops have classroom like settings and are a good source of feedback and networking.
Because of their mixed reception, casting director workshops have not been met without controversy. Former Criminal Minds casting director Scott David was fired after The Hollywood Reporter published a story about his casting director workshops. In February 2017, five casting director workshops were charged with criminal charges for charging actors to audition for projects. In January 2018, Lindsay Chag, the casting director of films like Robin Hood: Men in Tights and Dracula: Dead and Loving It, was convicted guilty of violating the Talent Scam Prevention Act for her role in casting director workshops.
Casting office personnel
Readers: This person reads all other character's lines opposite the actor who is currently auditioning. A good reader is someone who has acting skills, but who has no interest in booking a role through that casting director's office at that time. A reader will know how to give and take and play with other actors without ever outshining the auditioning actors.
Interns: Interns are more common to commercial casting offices which host as many as a dozen different casting directors holding different auditions per day. While some commercial casting offices hold permanent casting space, many rent out studios on a project to project basis. A key intern will work with many busy casting directors sorting mail, copying sides and transcribing them onto "cue cards" or large boards to be read off of as prompts in the casting room, help actors sign in, and keep the flow of actors going in and out of the casting room as smooth as possible.
Casting Assistants: This is the entry-level position in the field of casting. These people go above and beyond the call of duty of your typical office assistant. They do everything from covering phones, to making copies, setting up audition (aka "session") equipment like lights, the camera, sound equipment, etc. They sometimes can be found in the office relaying audition appointments, checking actors avails, or in the casting room making sure the recording software is running smoothly so the Casting Director can focus on each actor's performance.
Casting Associates: Associates is the second chain of command in a casting office. Once a casting associate has worked for two years in the field of casting, they can apply for membership in Casting Society of America. Typically, the work under a Casting Director running pre-read sessions, prepping deal memos, and doing any calls to agents. Many associates begin to take on smaller scale projects so they can amass enough credits to move up in rank in CSA to a full-fledged Casting Director.
Race and gender in casting
In the United States casting is deciphered by what roles are needed. Productions do not always have a certain race or gender in mind for their starring role. It has been noticeable that white people are cast the most in movies. Also that men are cast as leads more than women are.
Recognition for casting
Canada
The national Canadian Screen Awards has presented an annual award for Best Casting in a Television Series since 2006. A new award for Best Casting in a Film is slated to be introduced in 2021.
The Prix Iris, the regional Canadian film awards for Quebec, introduced the Prix Iris for Best Casting in 2017.
United Kingdom
In 2020, the British Academy Film Awards introduced the BAFTA Award for Best Casting.
United States
The highest honor a casting director can receive in the United States is the Artios Award, awarded by their peers in the Casting Society of America. Artios comes from the Greek word meaning "perfectly fitted". The Artios award excellence in casting for all genres of casting except commercials. The Artios are currently held mid-January annually with ceremonies in New York, Los Angeles, and (beginning in 2018) London. Since their incarnation in 1985, they were held in November but were moved in the 2013–2014 season to align with the rest of the film and television industry's awards season. The Artios is awarded to those CSA members who receive primary screen (or program) credit for casting on the winning project. Location casting directors, casting executives and department heads who are CSA members and who receive credit on winning projects also receive an Artios Award. CSA Associates on those projects are recognized in the press and with a certificate.
The Emmy Awards has a category for casting directors. As of 2017, Junie Lowry-Johnson has won the most casting Emmys as an individual, all in the drama category. She has six awards for her work on NYPD Blue, Six Feet Under, True Blood and Homeland. The only shows to win casting Emmys three times were 30 Rock and Veep, both in the comedy category. In 2017, at the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards, the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences introduced the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Casting for a Reality Program.
National organizations
Casting Society of America (CSA)
The significant organization of professional screen, television, reality, and theater casting in the US is the Casting Society of America (CSA), but membership is optional. Casting directors organized in 2005 and became members of a collective bargaining unit, the Hollywood Teamsters Local 399 and New York Teamsters Local 817.
See also
Audition website
Backstage (a casting publication)
Casting By
Casting couch
Character actor
Dramatis personae
Ensemble cast
Extra (actor)
Fach, the German opera casting system
Stock character
Stunt casting
Stunt coordinator
References
^ "lead noun (ACTOR) - definition in the British English Dictionary & Thesaurus". Cambridge Dictionaries Online. April 28, 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
^ Steven Withrow; Alexander Danner (2007). Character design for graphic novels. Focal Press/Rotovision. p. 112. ISBN 9780240809021. Retrieved September 5, 2009.
^ "What Does a Casting Director Do?". Huffington Post. April 29, 2017. Archived from the original on May 26, 2017. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
^ "Sides". Theatre Development Fund . February 25, 2015. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
^ "How do I add my resume and more information about myself?". IMDb. May 21, 2017. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
^ "Cattle call definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. November 16, 2022. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
^ Pollick, Michael (October 12, 2022). "What are Cattle Calls?". WiseTour. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
^ "How to Write a Casting Notice". Lights Film School. April 2, 2013. Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
^ "Script Breakdown 101". YouTube. February 18, 2016. Archived from the original on December 25, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
^ "Twinkie Byrd - Casting in the 21st Century". Socialbilitty. March 24, 2017. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
^ Hines, William E. (May 21, 2017). Job Descriptions for Film, Video & Cgi. ISBN 9780935873023. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
^ a b "How casting agencies work and how they makes money". Filmmakers Fans. January 26, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
^ Michael, Shurtleff (1980) . Audition : everything an actor needs to know to get the part (Bantam ed.). New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 0553272950. OCLC 47813908.
^ "What does a casting agency do? Why should you use one?". We've Got Talent. July 13, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
^ "South Australia's leading Actors Agency". Casting Process. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
^ "Casting Office v. Casting Agency". The Forge. September 28, 2021. Archived from the original on June 16, 2023. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
^ "Movie Terminology Glossary - C". IMDb. May 23, 2000. Archived from the original on November 23, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
^ "Allison Jones, Nerd Hunter". The New Yorker. March 30, 2015. Retrieved April 2, 2023.
^ a b c d e f Bonnie., Gillespie (2009). Self-management for actors : getting down to (show) business (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Cricket Feet Pub. ISBN 9780972301992. OCLC 182731144.
^ "What is the Call Sheet on a film production?". Pinterest. September 8, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
^ Pearlman, Joseph (June 28, 2018). "Casting directors are not the gatekeepers to your success". Backstage.
^ "'Criminal Minds' Casting Director Out After Hollywood Reporter Story on Pay-to-Play Workshops". The Hollywood Reporter. April 4, 2016.
^ "L.A. City Attorney Busts Five Casting Workshops for Charging for Auditions". February 9, 2017.
^ "Casting Director Lindsay Chag Found Guilty of Violating Talent Scam Prevention Act". January 31, 2018.
^ Hunt, Darnell; Ramón, Ana-Christina (March 24, 2022). "Hollywood Diversity Report 2022" (PDF). Social Sciences Department of theUniversity of California Los Angeles. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
^ "Gemini Awards for drama, variety and comedy handed out in Toronto". Canadian Press, October 1, 2006.
^ Boutros, Magdaline (April 5, 2017). "Gala Québec cinéma: Juste la fin du monde et Two Lovers and a Bear en tête". La Presse.
^ "Artios Awards". www.castingsociety.com. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
External links
The Casting Society of America
The Casting Directors' Guild (UK & Ireland)
vteFilm crew (filmmaking)Above the line
Actor
Voice actor
Leading actor
Supporting actor
Ensemble cast
Character actor
Bit actor
Cameo actor
Film director
Screenwriter
Film producer
Executive producer
Line producer
Below the linePre-production
Unit production manager
Production coordinator
Production accountant
Assistant director
Script supervisor
Script coordinator
Casting director
Production assistant
Location manager
Location scout
Storyboard
Storyboard artist
Production design
Production designer
Art director
Costume designer
Greensman
Hairdresser
Make-up artist
Set decorator
Set dresser
Property master
Weapons master
Visual arts
Matte painter
Illustrator
Scenic design
Photography
Cinematographer / director of photography
Camera operator
Focus puller
Clapper loader
Steadicam
Digital imaging technician
Second unit
Gaffer
Best boy electric
Lighting technician
Key grip
Best boy grip
Dolly grip
Grip
Sound
Director of audiography
Production sound mixer
Boom operator
Utility sound technician
Dialogue editor
Re-recording mixer
Foley artist
Dubbing
ADR
Subtitles
Composer
Music supervisor
Music editor
Orchestrator
Special effects
Special effects supervisor
Visual effects supervisor
Animation
Animator
Visual effects
Modeling
Rigging
Layout artist
Talent
Acting coach
Body double
Dialect coach
Movement director
Choreographer
Extra
Talent agent
Stand-in
Acting instructor
Intimacy coordinator
Stage combat
Stunt double
Stunt performer
Under-five
Post-production
Film editor
Sound editor
Colorist
Animator
Technical director
Visual effects
VFX creative director
Visual effects editor
Compositor
Computer-generated imagery
Rendering
Other
Swing gang
Unit still photographer
Authority control databases: National
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Electra Heart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electra_Heart"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Casting_black_cats_in_1961.jpg"},{"link_name":"black cats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_cat"},{"link_name":"Tales of Terror","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tales_of_Terror"},{"link_name":"performing arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing_arts"},{"link_name":"theatre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre"},{"link_name":"film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film"},{"link_name":"television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television"},{"link_name":"pre-production","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-production"},{"link_name":"actor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor"},{"link_name":"dancer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancer"},{"link_name":"singer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer"},{"link_name":"extra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_(acting)"},{"link_name":"screenplay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenplay"},{"link_name":"teleplay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleplay"},{"link_name":"motion picture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_picture"},{"link_name":"television program","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_program"},{"link_name":"documentary film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary_film"},{"link_name":"music video","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_video"},{"link_name":"play","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Play_(theatre)"},{"link_name":"advertisement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisement"},{"link_name":"audience","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audience"}],"text":"\"Starring role\" redirects here. For the Marina and the Diamonds song, see Electra Heart.Pre-production process for selecting actors, dancers, singers, or extras for roles or partsCasting call for black cats, Los Angeles, 1961; seeking cats for Tales of TerrorIn the performing arts industry such as theatre, film, or television, casting, or a casting call, is a pre-production process for selecting a certain type of actor, dancer, singer, or extra for a particular role or part in a script, screenplay, or teleplay. This process may be used for a motion picture, television program, documentary film, music video, play, or advertisement, intended for an audience.","title":"Casting (performing arts)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"lead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading_actor"},{"link_name":"protagonist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protagonist"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"ensemble cast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensemble_cast"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"supporting actor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supporting_actor"},{"link_name":"bit part","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_part"},{"link_name":"under-five","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under-five"},{"link_name":"British television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_television"},{"link_name":"cameo appearance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameo_appearance"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Actors are selected to play various types of roles. Main cast, also called starring roles, comprise several actors whose appearances are significant in film, theatre, or television. There is often a male or female lead who plays the largest role, that of the protagonist in a production.[1] When there is no singular lead, the main roles are referred to collectively as an ensemble cast, which comprises several principal actors and performers who are typically assigned roughly equal screen time.[2] A supporting actor is one with a role that is important to a play or film, but less so than that of the leading actor(s). A supporting role is more important than a bit part, which involves direct interaction with the principal actors but no more than five lines of dialogue, often referred to as a \"five-or-less\" or \"under-five\" in the United States, or \"under-sixes\" in British television. When a well-known actor or other celebrity appears in a bit part, it is sometimes called a cameo appearance.[citation needed]","title":"Cast types or roles"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"auditions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audition_(performing_arts)"},{"link_name":"theatrical production","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrical_production"},{"link_name":"theatrical producer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrical_producer"},{"link_name":"theater director","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theater_director"},{"link_name":"television production","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_program#Production"},{"link_name":"television producer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_producer"},{"link_name":"film production","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmmaking"},{"link_name":"film producer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_producer"},{"link_name":"film director","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_director"},{"link_name":"choreographer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choreographer"},{"link_name":"show business","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_business"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"performers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performers"},{"link_name":"monologues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monologue"},{"link_name":"songs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"screen tests","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_test"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"head shots","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_shot"},{"link_name":"IMDb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMDb"},{"link_name":"studio executives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_executive"},{"link_name":"SAG-AFTRA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAG-AFTRA"},{"link_name":"motivational","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivational"},{"link_name":"read-through","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-through"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"cattle call","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle_call"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"script breakdowns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Script_breakdown"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"screenwriters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenwriter"},{"link_name":"pitch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(filmmaking)"},{"link_name":"credit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_(creative_arts)"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"The casting process involves a series of auditions before a casting panel, composed of individuals within a theatrical production such as theatrical producer, and theater director. However, within a given television production a casting panel can consist of a television producer, or within film production a casting panel could contain a film producer, film director, and/or choreographer. Usually, in nearly all areas of show business, a casting director[3] is on this panel as well. In the early stages of this process performers often may present, or are presented with prepared audition pieces such as monologues, songs, choreography, scripts and or sides.[4]These audition pieces are usually videotaped, typically in the form of screen tests and then attached with resumes,[5] as well as head shots and or viewed online via websites such as IMDb, then shared with film producers, film directors and or studio executives. Later stages may involve groups of actors—both union (SAG-AFTRA) and non-union, depending on the size and scope of the production—attempting to read material from the work under consideration, paired off in various combinations of two, three or more. With each of the actor's overall motivational choices evaluated, the casting panel considers both the individual actor, and the \"chemistry\" created from either one of the combinations set forth within the read-through.[citation needed]Casting calls may go out into the general public at large, sometimes referred to as a \"cattle call\" (a U.S. term[6]), or open audition, in which hundreds or even thousands of performers compete for a number of roles.[7]Casting character breakdowns,[8] not to be confused with script breakdowns,[9] are often provided by production agents who submit their clients to casting, which provides a brief summary of character (age, gender, race or ethnicity, situations they may be involved in).These agents and managers are positioned all over the world, and subscribe to this service that literally has an entire suite of services for just about every aspect of the breakdown, for a monthly service subscription fee.An actor may go through several casting calls before receiving a part, and even though well-known actors or actresses often still go through this very necessary process, some are privileged enough to have well-known writers, screenwriters, directors and/or producers pitch a project for their intent to be cast in a role. The well-known actor or actress often negotiates producer credit as well as very lucrative monetary compensation.[citation needed]","title":"Casting process"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"pre-production","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-production"},{"link_name":"above-the-line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Above-the-line_(filmmaking)"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ff-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ff-12"},{"link_name":"characters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_(arts)"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-imdbcd-17"},{"link_name":"Hollywood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"Marion Dougherty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_Dougherty"},{"link_name":"Mary Jo Slater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Jo_Slater"},{"link_name":"Mary Selway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Selway"},{"link_name":"Lynn Stalmaster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Stalmaster"},{"link_name":"April Webster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_Webster"},{"link_name":"Robert J. Ulrich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._Ulrich_(casting_director)"},{"link_name":"Tammara Billik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammara_Billik"},{"link_name":"Marci Liroff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marci_Liroff"},{"link_name":"Avy Kaufman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avy_Kaufman"},{"link_name":"Mindy Marin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindy_Marin"},{"link_name":"Robi Reed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robi_Reed"},{"link_name":"Allison Jones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison_Jones_(casting_director)"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"international co-production","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_co-production"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-19"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-19"},{"link_name":"character","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_(arts)"},{"link_name":"cast list","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_list"},{"link_name":"production company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_company"},{"link_name":"daily call sheet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_call_sheet"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"title sequence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_sequence"}],"text":"For some major productions, the process of selecting actors for sometimes hundreds of speaking parts and roles often requires specialized staff. While the last word remains with the people in charge such as the director, producer, artistic departments and overall production team, a casting director[10] or \"CD\" is in charge of most of the daily work involved in this process during pre-production. A casting director is sometimes assisted by a casting associate; productions with large numbers of extras may have their own extras casting director as well. However, in all aspects of a film or television production's budget, they are all a part of the above-the-line, answering to the director as part of his or her staff.[11]Most films use either a casting agency or a casting director to find actors to match the roles in the film, apart from the lead actors, who are often chosen by directors and producers.[12] The job of a casting director is to know a lot about a lot of actors, so that they can advise and present to the director the best of the available talent. Casting directors are highly influential and are usually on the project because the director trusts their judgement; they are also the ones who decide who the director does see.[13]Casting agencies are independent organisations which liaise between performers and directors or producers. They need to have detailed knowledge of actors on their books, as they are responsible for putting forward suitable candidates to match specific roles described by producers and directors. The agency draws up lists, and interviews are conducted, after which selected candidates attend an audition. If the producer selects one or more actors, the casting agency negotiates contracts and fees.[14] Casting agents have to get to know many performers and assess their level of skill, and use a selection process to cut a large number down to a small group to bring to the producer for consideration.[15] They may also represent actors, but not necessarily.[16]The role of the casting director or casting agency may include the following:[12]Maintain a list of actors (including availability details, headshots, videos) and get to know them\nMeet the film's director and, if possible, the writers\nUnderstand the story and characters, which involved reading the script\nKeep within the production budget\nRun auditions\nRecommend actors\nNegotiate contracts between (often done by the actor's agent)\nAssist the actors with understanding the charactersThe casting director remains as a liaison between director, actors and their agents/managers and the studio/network to get the characters in the script cast.[17] Some casting directors build an impressive career working on numerous Hollywood productions, such as Marion Dougherty, Mary Jo Slater, Mary Selway, Lynn Stalmaster, April Webster, Robert J. Ulrich, Tammara Billik, Marci Liroff, Avy Kaufman, Mindy Marin, Robi Reed, and Allison Jones.[18]At least in the early stages of casting and or extras casting, the process may be decentralized geographically, often in conjunction with actual shooting planned in different locations. Another reason may be tapping into each home market in the case of an international co-production. However, for the top parts, the choice of one or more beautiful people, whose presence is of enormous commercial importance, may rather follow strictly personal channels, e.g. direct contact with the director. During this time known as the \"attachment phase\" of a film, the casting director's job is to send out copies of the current script to agents for what is known as coverage. Coverage is when a script yet to be cast is read, summarized into a one-pager, and a brief set of character descriptions established. At this time, if an agency agrees to give coverage to a film, they will submit a list of ideas to the casting directors of actors available, capable, and in the price range of the film. Also, casting directors create their own idea lists and can \"check avails\" or call the actor representation to see if they are available and interested in taking on potential projects. If an idea that is generated from a casting director and a subsequent avail check or from an agent's recommendation is \"approved\" by the director, producers, and financiers (or studio), the casting director sends out what is called an \"offer\". The offer, usually contains a letter to the actor's representative explaining the role in question, a copy of the script, why the actor has been selected, the length of time commitment, the approximate start date of filming, the filming location, and the proposed salary offering. If the actor does not respond to the material or for whatever reason cannot accept the job, they respond to casting with what is called a \"pass.\" If they accept the offer, the agent engages the casting director and a deal memo is sent from casting to the representative. It is at this time when negotiations between agency and production happen to finalize any deal points before the entertainment lawyers step in and draw up the attachment contracts. If this process happens very early on in the development of a movie but the official shoot dates and details are not yet known, a Letter of Intent or \"LOI\" is drafted, to indicate, if and when the project is \"green lit\" or begins active production, the actor is already hired to portray that particular role.[19]After the attachment phase is complete (which depends on many factors, including financial backers, studio heads, availability of other above-the-line personnel), the physical auditions begin for all of the remaining roles. During this time, depending on the budget of the film, they could have what is called \"pre-screens\" where the actor auditions only for a casting director (or associate) to see if they are right for the material. After pre-screens would be a \"director session\". During this time the actor comes in and auditions (usually with the same material) and performs for the casting director and the film director. If there is a next step, it is usually a \"callback\" or producer session, where anyone who has decision-making power is in the room for your audition. In television, this phase is referred to as a \"screen test\" and network executives would also be in attendance. Once actors are selected from the pool of available actors, the same booking process that happens in the attachment phase takes place for any actor except extras.[19]The resulting list of actors who were selected to play a character for a production, is called a cast list, which is incorporated into a production company's daily call sheet,[20] and reflected in the projects title sequence especially with film and television.","title":"Casting director / casting agencies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Criminal Minds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_Minds"},{"link_name":"The Hollywood Reporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Robin Hood: Men in Tights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Hood:_Men_in_Tights"},{"link_name":"Dracula: Dead and Loving It","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula:_Dead_and_Loving_It"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"}],"sub_title":"Casting director workshops","text":"A common practice of many casting directors and casting associates in the United States have been casting director workshops. The types of workshop practices vary, but typically aspiring actors pay to perform in front of a casting professional who provides feedback on the performance. Actors and industry professionals against workshops argue that casting directors are paid to find talent, not have talent pay to be seen by them. Supporters of the workshops argue that the workshops have classroom like settings and are a good source of feedback and networking.[21]Because of their mixed reception, casting director workshops have not been met without controversy. Former Criminal Minds casting director Scott David was fired after The Hollywood Reporter published a story about his casting director workshops.[22] In February 2017, five casting director workshops were charged with criminal charges for charging actors to audition for projects.[23] In January 2018, Lindsay Chag, the casting director of films like Robin Hood: Men in Tights and Dracula: Dead and Loving It, was convicted guilty of violating the Talent Scam Prevention Act for her role in casting director workshops.[24]","title":"Casting director / casting agencies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-19"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-19"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-19"},{"link_name":"chain of command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_hierarchy"},{"link_name":"Casting Society of America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casting_Society_of_America"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-19"}],"text":"Readers: This person reads all other character's lines opposite the actor who is currently auditioning. A good reader is someone who has acting skills, but who has no interest in booking a role through that casting director's office at that time. A reader will know how to give and take and play with other actors without ever outshining the auditioning actors.[19]Interns: Interns are more common to commercial casting offices which host as many as a dozen different casting directors holding different auditions per day. While some commercial casting offices hold permanent casting space, many rent out studios on a project to project basis. A key intern will work with many busy casting directors sorting mail, copying sides and transcribing them onto \"cue cards\" or large boards to be read off of as prompts in the casting room, help actors sign in, and keep the flow of actors going in and out of the casting room as smooth as possible.[19]Casting Assistants: This is the entry-level position in the field of casting. These people go above and beyond the call of duty of your typical office assistant. They do everything from covering phones, to making copies, setting up audition (aka \"session\") equipment like lights, the camera, sound equipment, etc. They sometimes can be found in the office relaying audition appointments, checking actors avails, or in the casting room making sure the recording software is running smoothly so the Casting Director can focus on each actor's performance.[19]Casting Associates: Associates is the second chain of command in a casting office. Once a casting associate has worked for two years in the field of casting, they can apply for membership in Casting Society of America. Typically, the work under a Casting Director running pre-read sessions, prepping deal memos, and doing any calls to agents. Many associates begin to take on smaller scale projects so they can amass enough credits to move up in rank in CSA to a full-fledged Casting Director.[19]","title":"Casting office personnel"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"}],"text":"In the United States casting is deciphered by what roles are needed. Productions do not always have a certain race or gender in mind for their starring role. It has been noticeable that white people are cast the most in movies. Also that men are cast as leads more than women are.[25]","title":"Race and gender in casting"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Recognition for casting"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Canadian Screen Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Awards"},{"link_name":"Best Casting in a Television Series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Casting_in_a_Television_Series"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"Best Casting in a Film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Casting_in_a_Film"},{"link_name":"Prix Iris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Iris"},{"link_name":"Quebec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec"},{"link_name":"Prix Iris for Best Casting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Iris_for_Best_Casting"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Boutros-27"}],"sub_title":"Canada","text":"The national Canadian Screen Awards has presented an annual award for Best Casting in a Television Series since 2006.[26] A new award for Best Casting in a Film is slated to be introduced in 2021.The Prix Iris, the regional Canadian film awards for Quebec, introduced the Prix Iris for Best Casting in 2017.[27]","title":"Recognition for casting"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"British Academy Film Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards"},{"link_name":"BAFTA Award for Best Casting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Casting"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"United Kingdom","text":"In 2020, the British Academy Film Awards introduced the BAFTA Award for Best Casting.[citation needed]","title":"Recognition for casting"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Artios Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artios_Award"},{"link_name":"Casting Society of America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casting_Society_of_America"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"Emmy Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmy_Awards"},{"link_name":"drama category","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Casting_for_a_Drama_Series"},{"link_name":"NYPD Blue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NYPD_Blue"},{"link_name":"Six Feet Under","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Feet_Under_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"True Blood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Blood"},{"link_name":"Homeland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeland_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"30 Rock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_Rock"},{"link_name":"Veep","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veep"},{"link_name":"comedy category","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Casting_for_a_Comedy_Series"},{"link_name":"69th Primetime Emmy Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/69th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards"},{"link_name":"Academy of Television Arts & Sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Television_Arts_%26_Sciences"},{"link_name":"Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Casting for a Reality Program","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Casting_for_a_Reality_Program"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"United States","text":"The highest honor a casting director can receive in the United States is the Artios Award, awarded by their peers in the Casting Society of America. Artios comes from the Greek word meaning \"perfectly fitted\". The Artios award excellence in casting for all genres of casting except commercials. The Artios are currently held mid-January annually with ceremonies in New York, Los Angeles, and (beginning in 2018) London. Since their incarnation in 1985, they were held in November but were moved in the 2013–2014 season to align with the rest of the film and television industry's awards season. The Artios is awarded to those CSA members who receive primary screen (or program) credit for casting on the winning project. Location casting directors, casting executives and department heads who are CSA members and who receive credit on winning projects also receive an Artios Award. CSA Associates on those projects are recognized in the press and with a certificate.[28]The Emmy Awards has a category for casting directors. As of 2017, Junie Lowry-Johnson has won the most casting Emmys as an individual, all in the drama category. She has six awards for her work on NYPD Blue, Six Feet Under, True Blood and Homeland. The only shows to win casting Emmys three times were 30 Rock and Veep, both in the comedy category. In 2017, at the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards, the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences introduced the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Casting for a Reality Program.[citation needed]","title":"Recognition for casting"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"National organizations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Casting Society of America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casting_Society_of_America"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Casting Society of America (CSA)","text":"The significant organization of professional screen, television, reality, and theater casting in the US is the Casting Society of America (CSA), but membership is optional. Casting directors organized in 2005 and became members of a collective bargaining unit, the Hollywood Teamsters Local 399 and New York Teamsters Local 817.[citation needed]","title":"National organizations"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Casting call for black cats, Los Angeles, 1961; seeking cats for Tales of Terror","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Casting_black_cats_in_1961.jpg/220px-Casting_black_cats_in_1961.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"Audition website","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audition_website"},{"title":"Backstage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backstage_(magazine)"},{"title":"Casting By","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casting_By"},{"title":"Casting couch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casting_couch"},{"title":"Character actor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_actor"},{"title":"Dramatis personae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dramatis_personae"},{"title":"Ensemble cast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensemble_cast"},{"title":"Extra (actor)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_(actor)"},{"title":"Fach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fach"},{"title":"Stock character","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_character"},{"title":"Stunt casting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stunt_casting"},{"title":"Stunt coordinator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stunt_coordinator"}]
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[{"reference":"\"lead noun (ACTOR) - definition in the British English Dictionary & Thesaurus\". Cambridge Dictionaries Online. April 28, 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/lead_10","url_text":"\"lead noun (ACTOR) - definition in the British English Dictionary & Thesaurus\""}]},{"reference":"Steven Withrow; Alexander Danner (2007). Character design for graphic novels. Focal Press/Rotovision. p. 112. ISBN 9780240809021. Retrieved September 5, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Ik9sleNg10kC&pg=PA112","url_text":"Character design for graphic novels"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_Press","url_text":"Focal Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780240809021","url_text":"9780240809021"}]},{"reference":"\"What Does a Casting Director Do?\". Huffington Post. April 29, 2017. Archived from the original on May 26, 2017. Retrieved May 21, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.huffingtonpost.com/kate-mcclanaghan/what-does-a-casting-direc_b_9799558.html","url_text":"\"What Does a Casting Director Do?\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huffington_Post","url_text":"Huffington Post"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170526020009/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kate-mcclanaghan/what-does-a-casting-direc_b_9799558.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Sides\". Theatre Development Fund . February 25, 2015. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://dictionary.tdf.org/sides/","url_text":"\"Sides\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_Development_Fund","url_text":"Theatre Development Fund"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170517122705/http://dictionary.tdf.org/sides/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"How do I add my resume and more information about myself?\". IMDb. May 21, 2017. 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Retrieved May 18, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.lightsfilmschool.com/blog/how-to-write-a-casting-call/481","url_text":"\"How to Write a Casting Notice\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lights_Film_School&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Lights Film School"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160321022431/http://www.lightsfilmschool.com/blog/how-to-write-a-casting-call/481/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Script Breakdown 101\". YouTube. February 18, 2016. Archived from the original on December 25, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMep2s_T89c","url_text":"\"Script Breakdown 101\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube","url_text":"YouTube"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161225024006/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMep2s_T89c","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Twinkie Byrd - Casting in the 21st Century\". Socialbilitty. March 24, 2017. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://socialbilitty.com/2017/03/twinkie-byrd-casting-in-the-21st-century/","url_text":"\"Twinkie Byrd - Casting in the 21st Century\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Socialbilitty&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Socialbilitty"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171214074029/https://socialbilitty.com/2017/03/twinkie-byrd-casting-in-the-21st-century/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Hines, William E. (May 21, 2017). Job Descriptions for Film, Video & Cgi. ISBN 9780935873023. Retrieved May 21, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=gv8MAAAACAAJ","url_text":"Job Descriptions for Film, Video & Cgi"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780935873023","url_text":"9780935873023"}]},{"reference":"\"How casting agencies work and how they makes money\". Filmmakers Fans. January 26, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"http://filmmakersfans.com/casting-agencies-work-makes-money/","url_text":"\"How casting agencies work and how they makes money\""}]},{"reference":"Michael, Shurtleff (1980) [1978]. Audition : everything an actor needs to know to get the part (Bantam ed.). New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 0553272950. OCLC 47813908.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0553272950","url_text":"0553272950"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47813908","url_text":"47813908"}]},{"reference":"\"What does a casting agency do? Why should you use one?\". We've Got Talent. July 13, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wevegottalent.co.uk/what-does-a-casting-agency-do/","url_text":"\"What does a casting agency do? Why should you use one?\""}]},{"reference":"\"South Australia's leading Actors Agency\". Casting Process. Retrieved November 16, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.actorsink.com.au/casting/casting-process/","url_text":"\"South Australia's leading Actors Agency\""}]},{"reference":"\"Casting Office v. Casting Agency\". The Forge. September 28, 2021. Archived from the original on June 16, 2023. Retrieved November 16, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230616060000/https://www.theforgechi.com/post/casting-office-v-casting-agency","url_text":"\"Casting Office v. Casting Agency\""},{"url":"https://www.theforgechi.com/post/casting-office-v-casting-agency","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Movie Terminology Glossary - C\". IMDb. May 23, 2000. Archived from the original on November 23, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171123073720/http://www.imdb.com/glossary/C#casting","url_text":"\"Movie Terminology Glossary - C\""},{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/glossary/C#casting","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Allison Jones, Nerd Hunter\". The New Yorker. March 30, 2015. Retrieved April 2, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/04/06/the-nerd-hunter","url_text":"\"Allison Jones, Nerd Hunter\""}]},{"reference":"Bonnie., Gillespie (2009). Self-management for actors : getting down to (show) business (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Cricket Feet Pub. ISBN 9780972301992. OCLC 182731144.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780972301992","url_text":"9780972301992"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/182731144","url_text":"182731144"}]},{"reference":"\"What is the Call Sheet on a film production?\". Pinterest. September 8, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.pinterest.com/pin/AdHVgcm6ShVa0O6QBzSKUyej3F9s9hbwxymib5y-vI4CPDpfvYfevQI/","url_text":"\"What is the Call Sheet on a film production?\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinterest","url_text":"Pinterest"}]},{"reference":"Pearlman, Joseph (June 28, 2018). \"Casting directors are not the gatekeepers to your success\". Backstage.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/casting-directors-gatekeepers-success-635/","url_text":"\"Casting directors are not the gatekeepers to your success\""}]},{"reference":"\"'Criminal Minds' Casting Director Out After Hollywood Reporter Story on Pay-to-Play Workshops\". The Hollywood Reporter. April 4, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/criminal-minds-casting-director-hollywood-880495","url_text":"\"'Criminal Minds' Casting Director Out After Hollywood Reporter Story on Pay-to-Play Workshops\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter","url_text":"The Hollywood Reporter"}]},{"reference":"\"L.A. City Attorney Busts Five Casting Workshops for Charging for Auditions\". February 9, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://deadline.com/2017/02/hollywood-casting-workshop-scams-city-attorney-1201907052/","url_text":"\"L.A. City Attorney Busts Five Casting Workshops for Charging for Auditions\""}]},{"reference":"\"Casting Director Lindsay Chag Found Guilty of Violating Talent Scam Prevention Act\". January 31, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://deadline.com/2018/01/casting-director-scandal-lindsay-chag-guilty-talent-scam-prevention-act-1202275794/","url_text":"\"Casting Director Lindsay Chag Found Guilty of Violating Talent Scam Prevention Act\""}]},{"reference":"Hunt, Darnell; Ramón, Ana-Christina (March 24, 2022). \"Hollywood Diversity Report 2022\" (PDF). Social Sciences Department of theUniversity of California Los Angeles. Retrieved December 1, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://socialsciences.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/UCLA-Hollywood-Diversity-Report-2022-Film-3-24-2022.pdf","url_text":"\"Hollywood Diversity Report 2022\""}]},{"reference":"Boutros, Magdaline (April 5, 2017). \"Gala Québec cinéma: Juste la fin du monde et Two Lovers and a Bear en tête\". La Presse.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.lapresse.ca/cinema/ceremonies/gala-quebec-cinema/201704/05/01-5085631-gala-quebec-cinema-juste-la-fin-du-monde-et-two-lovers-and-a-bear-en-tete.php","url_text":"\"Gala Québec cinéma: Juste la fin du monde et Two Lovers and a Bear en tête\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Presse_(Canadian_newspaper)","url_text":"La Presse"}]},{"reference":"\"Artios Awards\". www.castingsociety.com. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved January 12, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.castingsociety.com/awards/artios","url_text":"\"Artios Awards\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131102213058/http://www.castingsociety.com/awards/artios","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormy_(album)
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Stormy (album)
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["1 Track listing","2 Personnel","3 Chart performance","4 External links"]
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1999 studio album by Hank Williams Jr.StormyStudio album by Hank Williams Jr.ReleasedAugust 31, 1999GenreCountryLength38:16LabelCurb RecordsProducerChuck HowardHank Williams Jr.Hank Williams Jr. chronology
Early Years, Vol. 2(1998)
Stormy(1999)
The Almeria Club Recordings(2002)
Stormy is the forty-eighth studio album by American country music artist Hank Williams Jr. It was released on August 31, 1999 by Curb Records.
Track listing
"They All Want to Go Wild (And I Want to Go Home)" – 3:11
"I'd Love to Knock the Hell Out of You" – 3:06
"Gibbonsville Gold" – 4:59
"Where Would We Be Without Yankees" – 3:20
"Naked Women and Beer" – 4:02
"I Like It When It's Stormy" – 3:47
"Southern Thunder" – 4:59
"Hank Hill Is the King" – 2:45
"All Jokes Aside" – 4:06
"Sometimes I Feel Like Joe Montana" – 4:01
Personnel
Eddie Bayers – drums, percussion
Mike Chapman – bass guitar
J.T. Corenflos – 7-string acoustic guitar, acoustic guitar
Dan Dugmore – pedal steel guitar
Stuart Duncan – fiddle
Paul Franklin – pedal steel guitar
Kenny Greenberg – electric guitar
John Hobbs – keyboards, piano
Jim Horn – saxophone
Bill Hullett – 7-string acoustic guitar, acoustic guitar
Michael Landau – 7-string electric guitar, electric guitar
Brent Mason – 7-string electric guitar, electric guitar
Greg Morrow – drums, percussion
Michael Rhodes – bass guitar
Mike Rojas – keyboards, piano
Brent Rowan – 7-string electric guitar, electric guitar
John Wesley Ryles – background vocals
Michael Spriggs – acoustic guitar
Neil Thrasher – background vocals
Hank Williams Jr. – lead vocals
Dennis Wilson – background vocals
Glenn Worf – bass guitar
Curtis Young – background vocals
Chart performance
Chart (1999)
Peakposition
U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums
21
U.S. Billboard 200
162
External links
Hank Williams Jr's Official Website
Record Label
vteHank Williams Jr.Studio albums
Your Cheatin' Heart
Connie Francis and Hank Williams Jr. Sing Great Country Favorites
Ballads of the Hills and Plains
Blues My Name
A Time to Sing
Songs My Father Left Me
Luke the Drifter Jr. – Vol. 2
Live at Cobo Hall
After You, Pride's Not Hard to Swallow
Hank Williams Jr. and Friends
Family Tradition
Whiskey Bent and Hell Bound
Habits Old and New
Rowdy
The Pressure Is On
High Notes
Strong Stuff
Man of Steel
Major Moves
Five-O
Montana Cafe
Hank Live
Born to Boogie
Wild Streak
Lone Wolf
Pure Hank
Maverick
Out of Left Field
Hog Wild
A.K.A. Wham Bam Sam
Three Hanks: Men with Broken Hearts
Stormy
The Almeria Club Recordings
I'm One of You
127 Rose Avenue
It's About Time
Rich White Honky Blues
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits
Greatest Hits Vol. 2
Fourteen Greatest Hits
Hank Williams Jr.'s Greatest Hits
Hank Williams Jr.'s Greatest Hits, Vol. 2
Greatest Hits, Vol. 3
America (The Way I See It)
The Best of Hank Williams Jr. Volume One: Roots and Branches
Tribute to My Father
20 Hits Special Collection, Vol. 1
Early Years, Vol. 1
Early Years, Vol. 2
The Bocephus Box
That's How They Do It in Dixie: The Essential Collection
Notable singles
"Long Gone Lonesome Blues"
"Nobody's Child"
"All for the Love of Sunshine"
"So Sad (To Watch Good Love Go Bad)" (with Lois Johnson)
"Rainin' in My Heart"
"Eleven Roses"
"Rainy Night in Georgia"
"I'll Think of Something"
"I Fought the Law"
"To Love Somebody"
"Family Tradition"
"Whiskey Bent and Hell Bound"
"Women I've Never Had"
"Kaw-Liga"
"Old Habits"
"Texas Women"
"Dixie on My Mind"
"All My Rowdy Friends (Have Settled Down)"
"A Country Boy Can Survive"
"Honky Tonkin'"
"The American Dream"
"Gonna Go Huntin' Tonight"
"Leave Them Boys Alone" (with Ernest Tubb and Waylon Jennings)
"Queen of My Heart"
"Man of Steel"
"Attitude Adjustment"
"All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight"
"Major Moves"
"I'm for Love"
"This Ain't Dallas"
"Ain't Misbehavin'"
"Country State of Mind"
"Mind Your Own Business" (with Reba McEntire, Tom Petty, Reverend Ike and Willie Nelson)
"Born to Boogie"
"Heaven Can't Be Found"
"Young Country"
"If the South Woulda Won"
"Early in the Morning and Late at Night"
"There's a Tear in My Beer" (with Hank Williams Sr.)
"Finders Are Keepers"
"Ain't Nobody's Business"
"Good Friends, Good Whiskey, Good Lovin'"
"If It Will, It Will"
"Devil in the Bottle"
"Are You Ready for the Country?" (with Eric Church)
Guest singles
"The Conversation" (with Waylon Jennings)
"That Old Wheel" (with Johnny Cash)
"Bartender Song (Sittin' at a Bar)" (with Rehab)
Family
Hank Williams (father)
Audrey Williams (mother)
Jett Williams (half-sister)
Hank Williams III (son)
Holly Williams (daughter)
Coleman Williams (grandson)
Related articles
Discography
Living Proof: The Hank Williams Jr. Story
Authority control databases
MusicBrainz release group
This 1990s country music album-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"country music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music"},{"link_name":"Hank Williams Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Williams_Jr."},{"link_name":"Curb Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curb_Records"}],"text":"1999 studio album by Hank Williams Jr.Stormy is the forty-eighth studio album by American country music artist Hank Williams Jr. It was released on August 31, 1999 by Curb Records.","title":"Stormy (album)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hank Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Hill"},{"link_name":"Joe Montana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Montana"}],"text":"\"They All Want to Go Wild (And I Want to Go Home)\" – 3:11\n\"I'd Love to Knock the Hell Out of You\" – 3:06\n\"Gibbonsville Gold\" – 4:59\n\"Where Would We Be Without Yankees\" – 3:20\n\"Naked Women and Beer\" – 4:02\n\"I Like It When It's Stormy\" – 3:47\n\"Southern Thunder\" – 4:59\n\"Hank Hill Is the King\" – 2:45\n\"All Jokes Aside\" – 4:06\n\"Sometimes I Feel Like Joe Montana\" – 4:01","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Eddie Bayers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Bayers"},{"link_name":"J.T. Corenflos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.T._Corenflos"},{"link_name":"Dan Dugmore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Dugmore"},{"link_name":"pedal steel guitar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedal_steel_guitar"},{"link_name":"Stuart Duncan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Duncan"},{"link_name":"fiddle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiddle"},{"link_name":"Paul Franklin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Franklin_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Kenny Greenberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Greenberg"},{"link_name":"Jim Horn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Horn"},{"link_name":"Michael Landau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Landau"},{"link_name":"Brent Mason","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent_Mason"},{"link_name":"Greg Morrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Morrow"},{"link_name":"Michael Rhodes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Rhodes_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Brent Rowan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent_Rowan"},{"link_name":"John Wesley Ryles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wesley_Ryles"},{"link_name":"Hank Williams Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Williams_Jr."},{"link_name":"Glenn Worf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Worf"}],"text":"Eddie Bayers – drums, percussion\nMike Chapman – bass guitar\nJ.T. Corenflos – 7-string acoustic guitar, acoustic guitar\nDan Dugmore – pedal steel guitar\nStuart Duncan – fiddle\nPaul Franklin – pedal steel guitar\nKenny Greenberg – electric guitar\nJohn Hobbs – keyboards, piano\nJim Horn – saxophone\nBill Hullett – 7-string acoustic guitar, acoustic guitar\nMichael Landau – 7-string electric guitar, electric guitar\nBrent Mason – 7-string electric guitar, electric guitar\nGreg Morrow – drums, percussion\nMichael Rhodes – bass guitar\nMike Rojas – keyboards, piano\nBrent Rowan – 7-string electric guitar, electric guitar\nJohn Wesley Ryles – background vocals\nMichael Spriggs – acoustic guitar\nNeil Thrasher – background vocals\nHank Williams Jr. – lead vocals\nDennis Wilson – background vocals\nGlenn Worf – bass guitar\nCurtis Young – background vocals","title":"Personnel"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Chart performance"}]
|
[]
| null |
[]
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[{"Link":"http://www.hankjr.com/","external_links_name":"Hank Williams Jr's Official Website"},{"Link":"http://www.curb.com/","external_links_name":"Record Label"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/release-group/40c008d4-df62-3753-b33b-df36a4c8cbde","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz release group"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stormy_(album)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twemlow_Hall
|
Twemlow Hall
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["1 See also","2 References"]
|
Coordinates: 53°12′44″N 2°19′42″W / 53.21227°N 2.32842°W / 53.21227; -2.32842
Twemlow Hall is a country house standing on a former moated site in the parish of Twemlow, Cheshire, England. It dates from the 17th century, and was "much altered" in 1810 for William Bache Booth. It was altered again in 1974. The house is constructed in brick on a stone plinth. It has flush stone quoins and a slate roof. It has two storeys, and a symmetrical entrance front of five bays, three of which are gabled. Above the doorway are the arms of the Booth family. The windows are sashes. The house is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. Three structures associated with the hall forming three sides of a former stable yard are also listed at Grade II.
See also
Cheshire portal
Listed buildings in Twemlow
References
^ de Figueiredo, Peter; Treuherz, Julian (1988), Cheshire Country Houses, Chichester: Phillimore, pp. 277–278, ISBN 0-85033-655-4
^ Historic England, "Twemlow Hall (1277452)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 4 August 2012
^ Historic England, "Stable forming north side of former stable yard to east of Twemlow Hall (1231573)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 4 August 2012
^ Historic England, "Outbuilding forming west side of former stable yard to east of Twemlow Hall (1231668)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 4 August 2012
^ Historic England, "Outbuilding forming east side of former stable yard to east of Twemlow Hall (1277449)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 4 August 2012
53°12′44″N 2°19′42″W / 53.21227°N 2.32842°W / 53.21227; -2.32842
This article about a Cheshire building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This article about a listed building in the United Kingdom is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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|
[]
|
[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cheshire.svg"},{"title":"Cheshire portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Cheshire"},{"title":"Listed buildings in Twemlow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Twemlow"}]
|
[{"reference":"de Figueiredo, Peter; Treuherz, Julian (1988), Cheshire Country Houses, Chichester: Phillimore, pp. 277–278, ISBN 0-85033-655-4","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/cheshirecountryh0000defi/page/277","url_text":"Cheshire Country Houses"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/cheshirecountryh0000defi/page/277","url_text":"277–278"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85033-655-4","url_text":"0-85033-655-4"}]},{"reference":"Historic England, \"Twemlow Hall (1277452)\", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 4 August 2012","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_England","url_text":"Historic England"},{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1277452","url_text":"\"Twemlow Hall (1277452)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England","url_text":"National Heritage List for England"}]},{"reference":"Historic England, \"Stable forming north side of former stable yard to east of Twemlow Hall (1231573)\", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 4 August 2012","urls":[{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1231573","url_text":"\"Stable forming north side of former stable yard to east of Twemlow Hall (1231573)\""}]},{"reference":"Historic England, \"Outbuilding forming west side of former stable yard to east of Twemlow Hall (1231668)\", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 4 August 2012","urls":[{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1231668","url_text":"\"Outbuilding forming west side of former stable yard to east of Twemlow Hall (1231668)\""}]},{"reference":"Historic England, \"Outbuilding forming east side of former stable yard to east of Twemlow Hall (1277449)\", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 4 August 2012","urls":[{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1277449","url_text":"\"Outbuilding forming east side of former stable yard to east of Twemlow Hall (1277449)\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Twemlow_Hall¶ms=53.21227_N_2.32842_W_type:landmark_region:GB","external_links_name":"53°12′44″N 2°19′42″W / 53.21227°N 2.32842°W / 53.21227; -2.32842"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/cheshirecountryh0000defi/page/277","external_links_name":"Cheshire Country Houses"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/cheshirecountryh0000defi/page/277","external_links_name":"277–278"},{"Link":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1277452","external_links_name":"\"Twemlow Hall (1277452)\""},{"Link":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1231573","external_links_name":"\"Stable forming north side of former stable yard to east of Twemlow Hall (1231573)\""},{"Link":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1231668","external_links_name":"\"Outbuilding forming west side of former stable yard to east of Twemlow Hall (1231668)\""},{"Link":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1277449","external_links_name":"\"Outbuilding forming east side of former stable yard to east of Twemlow Hall (1277449)\""},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Twemlow_Hall¶ms=53.21227_N_2.32842_W_type:landmark_region:GB","external_links_name":"53°12′44″N 2°19′42″W / 53.21227°N 2.32842°W / 53.21227; -2.32842"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twemlow_Hall&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twemlow_Hall&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rulers_of_Nabatea
|
List of Nabataean kings
|
["1 List","2 See also","3 References","4 Sources"]
|
The Rulers of Nabataea, reigned over the Nabataean Kingdom (also rendered as Nabataea, Nabatea, or Nabathea), inhabited by the Nabateans, located in present-day Jordan, south-eastern Syria, southern Israel and north-western Saudi Arabia.
The queens of the later Nabataean Kingdom figure side by side with their husbands as co-rulers on their coins.
List
Reign
Name
Notes
Kings of Nabataea
c. 169 BC
Aretas I
120/110 to 96 BC
Aretas II
In some sources appears as successor to Rabbel I
c. 96 to 85 BC
Obodas I
c. 85/84 BC
Rabbel I
In some sources appears as successor to Aretas II
84 to 60/59 BC
Aretas III Philhellen
Recognised by Rome 62 BC
62/61 to 60/59 BC
Obodas II (?)
Existence uncertain until recently; probably ruled a few months
59 to 30 BC
Malichus I
30 to 9 BC
Obodas III
9/8 BC to 39/40
Aretas IV Philopatris
Ḥuldo, Queen
Šagīlat, Queen
39/40 to 69/70
Malichus II
Šagīlat II, Queen
70/71 to 106
Rabbel II Soter
Gāmilat, Queen
Hagaru, Queen
106
Annexed by Trajan becoming the Roman province of Arabia Petraea
See also
Lists of office-holders
References
^ Briffault, Robert (1927). The Mothers: A Study of the Origins of Sentiments and Institutions. Macmillan. p. 375.
^ a b The Numismatic Chronicle. Vol. 154. Royal Numismatic Society. 1994. p. 116.
Sources
Jewish Virtual Library
Martha Ross, Rulers and Governments of the World – Vol1, Earliest Times to 1491. London & New York: Bowker Publishing Company, 1978.
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"The queens of the later Nabataean Kingdom figure side by side with their husbands as co-rulers on their coins.[1]","title":"List of Nabataean kings"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"List"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jewish Virtual Library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/nabkings.html"}],"text":"Jewish Virtual Library\nMartha Ross, Rulers and Governments of the World – Vol1, Earliest Times to 1491. London & New York: Bowker Publishing Company, 1978.","title":"Sources"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"Lists of office-holders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_office-holders"}]
|
[{"reference":"Briffault, Robert (1927). The Mothers: A Study of the Origins of Sentiments and Institutions. Macmillan. p. 375.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=GDMEAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA375","url_text":"The Mothers: A Study of the Origins of Sentiments and Institutions"}]},{"reference":"The Numismatic Chronicle. Vol. 154. Royal Numismatic Society. 1994. p. 116.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=JGkaAAAAYAAJ&q=%22queen+hagaru%22","url_text":"The Numismatic Chronicle"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=GDMEAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA375","external_links_name":"The Mothers: A Study of the Origins of Sentiments and Institutions"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=JGkaAAAAYAAJ&q=%22queen+hagaru%22","external_links_name":"The Numismatic Chronicle"},{"Link":"https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/nabkings.html","external_links_name":"Jewish Virtual Library"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_palaeindicus
|
Crocodylus palaeindicus
|
["1 History","2 Classification","3 References"]
|
Extinct species of reptile
Crocodylus palaeindicusTemporal range: Late Miocene–Pliocene, 11.6–2.6 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Reptilia
Clade:
Archosauromorpha
Clade:
Archosauriformes
Order:
Crocodilia
Family:
Crocodylidae
Genus:
Crocodylus
Species:
†C. palaeindicus
Binomial name
†Crocodylus palaeindicusFalconer, 1859
Synonyms
Crocodylus sivalensis Lydekker, 1886
Crocodylus palaeindicus is an extinct species of crocodile from southern Asia. C. palaeindicus lived from the Miocene to the Pliocene. It may be an ancestor of the living Mugger crocodile.
History
C. palaeindicus was first named by Scottish paleontologist Hugh Falconer in 1859. Falconer found fossils of the species in the Siwalik Hills of India along with the remains of many other animals like turtles, ostriches, camels, saber-toothed cats, mastodons. Richard Lydekker later named another crocodile from the Siwalik Hills which he called C. sivalensis. Although the two crocodiles are very similar, C. sivalensis was distinguished from C. palaeindicus because the margin of its skull was less convex. C. sivalensis has recently been synonymized with C. palaeindicus, as the slight differences in shape are thought to be from natural variation or from fossilization. In later years, fossils were also found from Pakistan and Myanmar.
Classification
The Mugger crocodile, a close relative and possible descendant of Crocodylus palaeindicus
Historically, C. palaeindicus was considered a direct ancestor of the Mugger crocodile C. palustris. The two species are similar in appearance, and some fossils of C. palaeindicus were at first mistaken for C. palustris. Most modern phylogenetic analyses of crocodiles place C. palaeindicus in a basal position among members of the genus Crocodylus. Below is a cladogram modified from Brochu et al. (2010) showing the relation of C. palaeindicus with other crocodiles:
Crocodylidae
Tomistominae
Crocodylinae
†Mekosuchinae
†"Crocodylus" megarhinus
Osteolaeminae
Mecistops cataphractus
Crocodylus niloticus
New World crocodiles
Crocodylus acutus
Crocodylus intermedius
Crocodylus rhombifer
Crocodylus moreletii
†Crocodylus anthropophagus
†Crocodylus palaeindicus
Crocodylus palustris
Indopacific crocodiles
Crocodylus siamensis
Crocodylus porosus
Crocodylus johnstoni
Crocodylus novaeguineae
Crocodylus mindorensis
A 2018 tip dating study by Lee & Yates simultaneously using morphological, molecular (DNA sequencing), and stratigraphic (fossil age) data established the inter-relationships within Crocodylidae. In 2021, Hekkala et al. were able to use paleogenomics, extracting DNA from the extinct Voay, to better establish the relationships within Crocodylidae, including the subfamilies Crocodylinae and Osteolaeminae.
The below cladogram shows the results of the latest study:
Crocodylidae
Osteolaeminae
Mecistops cataphractus West African slender-snouted crocodile
Euthecodon†
Brochuchus†
Rimasuchus†
Osteolaemus osborni Osborn’s dwarf crocodile
Osteolaemus tetraspis Dwarf crocodile
Crocodylinae
Voay†
Crocodylus
Crocodylus anthropophagus†
Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni†
Crocodylus palaeindicus†
Crocodylus Tirari Desert†
Asia+Australia
Crocodylus johnstoni Freshwater crocodile
Crocodylus novaeguineae New Guinea crocodile
Crocodylus mindorensis Philippine crocodile
Crocodylus porosus Saltwater crocodile
Crocodylus siamensis Siamese crocodile
Crocodylus palustris Mugger crocodile
Africa+New World
Crocodylus checchiai†
Crocodylus falconensis†
Crocodylus suchus West African crocodile
Crocodylus niloticus Nile crocodile
New World
Crocodylus moreletii Morelet's crocodile
Crocodylus rhombifer Cuban crocodile
Crocodylus intermedius Orinoco crocodile
Crocodylus acutus American crocodile
(crown group)
References
^ Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021). "Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem". PeerJ. 9: e12094. doi:10.7717/peerj.12094. PMC 8428266. PMID 34567843.
^ Lydekker, R. (1885). Catalogue of the remains of Siwalik Vertebrata contained in the Geological Department of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Vol. 1. Superintendent of Government Printing, India.
^ a b Brochu, C. A. (2000). "Phylogenetic relationships and divergence timing of Crocodylus based on morphology and the fossil record". Copeia. 2000 (3): 657–673. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2000)0002.0.co;2.
^ Brochu, C. A.; Njau, J.; Blumenschine, R. J.; Densmore, L. D. (2010). "A new horned crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene hominid sites at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania". PLoS ONE. 5 (2): e9333. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9333B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009333. PMC 2827537. PMID 20195356.
^ Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018). "Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 285 (1881). doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071. PMC 6030529. PMID 30051855.
^ Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S.; Brochu, C.; Norell, M.; Amato, G. (2021-04-27). "Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 505. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 8079395. PMID 33907305.
vteExtinct crocodilians
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Sauropsida
Clade: Pseudosuchia
Clade: Eusuchia
Pseudosuchia
see Pseudosuchia
Neosuchia
see Neosuchia
Crocodilia
see below↓
Basal crocodiliansMekosuchinae
Australosuchus?
Baru
Harpacochampsa?
Kalthifrons
Kambara
Mekosuchus
Paludirex
Quinkana?
Trilophosuchus
Ultrastenos
Volia
Others
Albertosuchus
Arenysuchus?
Asiatosuchus
Borealosuchus?
Brachyuranochampsa
Charactosuchus
"Crocodylus" acer
"Crocodylus" affinis
Portugalosuchus?
Pristichampsus?
Prodiplocynodon
Planocraniidae?
AlligatoroideaAlligatoroidea
Deinosuchus
Diplocynodon
Leidyosuchus
Listrognathosuchus
Globidonta
Albertochampsa
Arambourgia
Brachychampsa
Ceratosuchus
Deinosuchus?
Eocaiman
Hassiacosuchus
Leidyosuchus?
Navajosuchus
Procaimanoidea?
Stangerochampsa
Orientalosuchina
Dongnanosuchus
Eoalligator
Eurycephalosuchus
Jiangxisuchus
Krabisuchus
Orientalosuchus
Protoalligator
Alligatoridae
Balanerodus?
Lianghusuchus?
Menatalligator?
Sajkanosuchus?
Alligatorinae
Akanthosuchus?
Allognathosuchus
Arambourgia?
Ceratosuchus?
Chrysochampsa
Hassiacosuchus?
Navajosuchus?
Procaimanoidea?
Wannaganosuchus?
Alligator
A. hailensis
A. mcgrewi
A. mefferdi
A. munensis
A. olseni
A. prenasalis
A. thomsoni
Caimaninae
Acresuchus
Bottosaurus
Brachychampsa?
Centenariosuchus
Ceratosuchus?
Chinatichampsus
Culebrasuchus
Eocaiman?
Globidentosuchus
Gnatusuchus
Kuttanacaiman
Mourasuchus
Necrosuchus
Orthogenysuchus
Protocaiman
Purussaurus
Stangerochampsa?
Tsoabichi
Wannaganosuchus?
Melanosuchus
M. fisheri
M. latrubessei
Caiman
C. australis
C. brevirostris
C. gasparinae
C. venezuelensis
C. wannlangstoni
LongirostresCrocodyloidea
Albertosuchus?
Antecrocodylus
Astorgosuchus
Australosuchus?
"Crocodylus" affinis?
"Crocodylus" megarhinus
Jiangxisuchus?
Mekosuchinae?
Crocodylidae
Aldabrachampsus
Dzungarisuchus?
Oxysdonsaurus?
Osteolaeminae
Brochuchus
"Crocodylus" gariepensis
Euthecodon
Rimasuchus
Kinyang?
Crocodylinae
"Crocodylus" megarhinus?
Kinyang?
Quinkana?
Tzaganosuchus?
Voay
Crocodylus
C. anthropophagus
C. checchiai
C. falconensis
C. palaeindicus
C. thorbjarnarsoni
Gavialoidea
Dollosuchoides
Dollosuchus
Ferganosuchus
Gavialosuchus
Gunggamarandu
Kentisuchus
Leptorrhamphus?
Maomingosuchus
Maroccosuchus
Megadontosuchus
Ocepesuchus
Paratomistoma
Thecachampsa
Tienosuchus?
"Tomistoma" cairense
"Tomistoma" lusitanicum
Gavialidae
Sacacosuchus
Tomistominaesensu stricto
Brasilosuchus?
Gavialosuchus?
Melitosaurus
Paratomistoma?
Thecachampsa?
Tomistoma
T. calaritanum?
T. gaudense?
T. lusitanicum?
T. taiwanicum?
Gavialinaesensu lato
Aktiogavialis
Dadagavialis
Gavialosuchus?
Gryposuchus
Hanyusuchus
Harpacochampsa?
Hesperogavialis
Ikanogavialis
Maomingosuchus?
Paratomistoma?
Penghusuchus
Piscogavialis
Rhamphosuchus
Siquisiquesuchus
"Tomistoma" cairense?
"Tomistoma" coppensi
"Tomistoma" dowsoni
Toyotamaphimeia
Gavialis
G. bengawanicus
G. breviceps?
G. browni?
G. curvirostris?
G. leptodus?
G. lewisi?
G. pachyrhynchus?
G. papuensis?
See also: Brevirostres
Gryposuchinae
Taxon identifiersCrocodylus palaeindicus
Wikidata: Q5187414
Wikispecies: Crocodylus palaeindicus
EoL: 42334984
GBIF: 8538196
Open Tree of Life: 6150045
Paleobiology Database: 266673
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"species","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species"},{"link_name":"crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus"},{"link_name":"Asia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia"},{"link_name":"Miocene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene"},{"link_name":"Pliocene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliocene"},{"link_name":"Mugger crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugger_crocodile"}],"text":"Crocodylus palaeindicus is an extinct species of crocodile from southern Asia. C. palaeindicus lived from the Miocene to the Pliocene. It may be an ancestor of the living Mugger crocodile.","title":"Crocodylus palaeindicus"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hugh Falconer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Falconer"},{"link_name":"Siwalik Hills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siwalik_Hills"},{"link_name":"India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"turtles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle"},{"link_name":"ostriches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrich"},{"link_name":"camels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel"},{"link_name":"saber-toothed cats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saber-toothed_cat"},{"link_name":"mastodons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastodon"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LR85-2"},{"link_name":"Richard Lydekker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Lydekker"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BCA00-3"},{"link_name":"Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan"},{"link_name":"Myanmar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar"}],"text":"C. palaeindicus was first named by Scottish paleontologist Hugh Falconer in 1859. Falconer found fossils of the species in the Siwalik Hills of India along with the remains of many other animals like turtles, ostriches, camels, saber-toothed cats, mastodons.[2] Richard Lydekker later named another crocodile from the Siwalik Hills which he called C. sivalensis. Although the two crocodiles are very similar, C. sivalensis was distinguished from C. palaeindicus because the margin of its skull was less convex. C. sivalensis has recently been synonymized with C. palaeindicus, as the slight differences in shape are thought to be from natural variation or from fossilization.[3] In later years, fossils were also found from Pakistan and Myanmar.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Rainbirder_-_Marsh_Mugger.jpg"},{"link_name":"Mugger crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugger_crocodile"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BCA00-3"},{"link_name":"phylogenetic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic"},{"link_name":"basal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)"},{"link_name":"cladogram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladogram"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Brochu_2010-4"},{"link_name":"Crocodylidae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylidae"},{"link_name":"Tomistominae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomistominae"},{"link_name":"Crocodylinae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylinae"},{"link_name":"Mekosuchinae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekosuchinae"},{"link_name":"\"Crocodylus\" megarhinus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_megarhinus"},{"link_name":"Osteolaeminae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteolaeminae"},{"link_name":"Mecistops cataphractus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slender-snouted_Crocodile"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus niloticus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_niloticus"},{"link_name":"New World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus acutus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_acutus"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus intermedius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_intermedius"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus rhombifer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_rhombifer"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus moreletii","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_moreletii"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus anthropophagus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_anthropophagus"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus palustris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_palustris"},{"link_name":"Indopacific","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indopacific"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus siamensis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_siamensis"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus porosus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_porosus"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus johnstoni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_johnstoni"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus novaeguineae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_novaeguineae"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus mindorensis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_mindorensis"},{"link_name":"tip dating","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tip_dating"},{"link_name":"morphological","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology_(biology)"},{"link_name":"DNA sequencing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing"},{"link_name":"stratigraphic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphic"},{"link_name":"fossil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil"},{"link_name":"Crocodylidae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylidae"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LeeYates2018-5"},{"link_name":"paleogenomics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleogenomics"},{"link_name":"Voay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voay"},{"link_name":"Crocodylinae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylinae"},{"link_name":"Osteolaeminae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteolaeminae"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hekkala2021-6"},{"link_name":"cladogram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladogram"},{"link_name":"Crocodylidae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylidae"},{"link_name":"Osteolaeminae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteolaeminae"},{"link_name":"West African slender-snouted crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_African_slender-snouted_crocodile"},{"link_name":"Euthecodon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthecodon"},{"link_name":"Brochuchus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brochuchus"},{"link_name":"Rimasuchus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimasuchus"},{"link_name":"Osborn’s dwarf crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osborn%E2%80%99s_dwarf_crocodile"},{"link_name":"Dwarf crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_crocodile"},{"link_name":"Crocodylinae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylinae"},{"link_name":"Voay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voay"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus anthropophagus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_anthropophagus"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_thorbjarnarsoni"},{"link_name":"Freshwater crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater_crocodile"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Freshwater_crocodile_white_background.jpg"},{"link_name":"New Guinea crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Guinea_crocodile"},{"link_name":"Philippine crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_crocodile"},{"link_name":"Saltwater crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltwater_crocodile"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crocodylus_porosus_white_background.jpg"},{"link_name":"Siamese crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamese_crocodile"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Siamese_Crocodile_white_background.jpg"},{"link_name":"Mugger crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugger_crocodile"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mugger_crocodile_white_background.jpg"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus checchiai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_checchiai"},{"link_name":"Crocodylus falconensis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylus_falconensis"},{"link_name":"West African crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_African_crocodile"},{"link_name":"Nile crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile_crocodile"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nile_crocodile_white_background.jpg"},{"link_name":"Morelet's crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morelet%27s_crocodile"},{"link_name":"Cuban crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_crocodile"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cuban_crocodile_white_background.jpg"},{"link_name":"Orinoco crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orinoco_crocodile"},{"link_name":"American crocodile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_crocodile"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:American_crocodile_white_background.jpg"},{"link_name":"crown group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_group"}],"text":"The Mugger crocodile, a close relative and possible descendant of Crocodylus palaeindicusHistorically, C. palaeindicus was considered a direct ancestor of the Mugger crocodile C. palustris. The two species are similar in appearance, and some fossils of C. palaeindicus were at first mistaken for C. palustris.[3] Most modern phylogenetic analyses of crocodiles place C. palaeindicus in a basal position among members of the genus Crocodylus. Below is a cladogram modified from Brochu et al. (2010) showing the relation of C. palaeindicus with other crocodiles:[4]Crocodylidae\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTomistominae\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Crocodylinae \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n†Mekosuchinae\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n†\"Crocodylus\" megarhinus\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOsteolaeminae\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMecistops cataphractus\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus niloticus\n\n\n\n\n\n\n New World crocodiles\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus acutus\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus intermedius\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus rhombifer\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus moreletii\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n†Crocodylus anthropophagus\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n†Crocodylus palaeindicus\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus palustris\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Indopacific crocodiles\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus siamensis\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus porosus\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus johnstoni\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus novaeguineae\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus mindorensisA 2018 tip dating study by Lee & Yates simultaneously using morphological, molecular (DNA sequencing), and stratigraphic (fossil age) data established the inter-relationships within Crocodylidae.[5] In 2021, Hekkala et al. were able to use paleogenomics, extracting DNA from the extinct Voay, to better establish the relationships within Crocodylidae, including the subfamilies Crocodylinae and Osteolaeminae.[6]The below cladogram shows the results of the latest study:Crocodylidae\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOsteolaeminae\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nMecistops cataphractus West African slender-snouted crocodile\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEuthecodon†\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBrochuchus†\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRimasuchus†\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOsteolaemus osborni Osborn’s dwarf crocodile\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOsteolaemus tetraspis Dwarf crocodile\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylinae\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nVoay†\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus anthropophagus†\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus thorbjarnarsoni†\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus palaeindicus†\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus Tirari Desert†\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAsia+Australia\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus johnstoni Freshwater crocodile \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus novaeguineae New Guinea crocodile\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus mindorensis Philippine crocodile\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus porosus Saltwater crocodile \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus siamensis Siamese crocodile \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus palustris Mugger crocodile \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAfrica+New World\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus checchiai†\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus falconensis†\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus suchus West African crocodile\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus niloticus Nile crocodile \n\n\n\n\n\n\nNew World\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus moreletii Morelet's crocodile\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus rhombifer Cuban crocodile \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus intermedius Orinoco crocodile\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCrocodylus acutus American crocodile \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n(crown group)","title":"Classification"}]
|
[{"image_text":"The Mugger crocodile, a close relative and possible descendant of Crocodylus palaeindicus","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flickr_-_Rainbirder_-_Marsh_Mugger.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Rainbirder_-_Marsh_Mugger.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021). \"Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem\". PeerJ. 9: e12094. doi:10.7717/peerj.12094. PMC 8428266. PMID 34567843.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8428266","url_text":"\"Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PeerJ","url_text":"PeerJ"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717%2Fpeerj.12094","url_text":"10.7717/peerj.12094"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8428266","url_text":"8428266"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34567843","url_text":"34567843"}]},{"reference":"Lydekker, R. (1885). Catalogue of the remains of Siwalik Vertebrata contained in the Geological Department of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Vol. 1. Superintendent of Government Printing, India.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=zgoAAAAAQAAJ","url_text":"Catalogue of the remains of Siwalik Vertebrata contained in the Geological Department of the Indian Museum, Calcutta"}]},{"reference":"Brochu, C. A. (2000). \"Phylogenetic relationships and divergence timing of Crocodylus based on morphology and the fossil record\". Copeia. 2000 (3): 657–673. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0657:pradto]2.0.co;2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1643%2F0045-8511%282000%29000%5B0657%3Apradto%5D2.0.co%3B2","url_text":"10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0657:pradto]2.0.co;2"}]},{"reference":"Brochu, C. A.; Njau, J.; Blumenschine, R. J.; Densmore, L. D. (2010). \"A new horned crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene hominid sites at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania\". PLoS ONE. 5 (2): e9333. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9333B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009333. PMC 2827537. PMID 20195356.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2827537","url_text":"\"A new horned crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene hominid sites at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLoS_ONE","url_text":"PLoS ONE"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PLoSO...5.9333B","url_text":"2010PLoSO...5.9333B"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0009333","url_text":"10.1371/journal.pone.0009333"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2827537","url_text":"2827537"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20195356","url_text":"20195356"}]},{"reference":"Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018). \"Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil\". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 285 (1881). doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071. PMC 6030529. 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(2021-04-27). \"Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene \"horned\" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus\". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 505. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 8079395. PMID 33907305.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8079395","url_text":"\"Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene \"horned\" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs42003-021-02017-0","url_text":"10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2399-3642","url_text":"2399-3642"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8079395","url_text":"8079395"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33907305","url_text":"33907305"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Winsor
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Jacqueline Winsor
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["1 Early life and education","2 Career","3 Work","4 Feminist art movement","5 Personal life","6 References","7 Further reading","8 External links"]
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Canadian-American sculptor (born 1941)
Jacqueline WinsorBornVera Jacqueline Winsor (1941-10-20) October 20, 1941 (age 82)St. John's, Newfoundland, CanadaOther namesJackie WinsorAlma materMassachusetts College of Art and Design, Rutgers UniversityKnown forsculptureSpouseKeith Sonnier (1966–1980; divorce)
Vera Jacqueline Winsor (born October 20, 1941) is a Canadian-born American sculptor. Her style, which developed in the early 1970s as a reaction to the work of minimal artists, has been characterized as post-minimal, anti-form, and process art.
Informed by her own personal history, Winsor's sculptures from this period sit at the intersection of Minimalism and feminism, maintaining an attention to elementary geometry and symmetrical form while eschewing Minimalism's reliance on industrial materials and methods through the incorporation of hand-crafted, organic materials such as wood and hemp.
Winsor has been in several exhibitions. In 1979, a mid-career retrospective of her work opened at the MoMA; this was the first time the MoMA had presented a retrospective of work by a woman artist since 1946. Other exhibitions include "American Woman Artist Show," April 14 – May 14, 1974 at the Kunsthaus Hamburg (Germany), curated by Sybille Niester and Lil Picard; "26 Contemporary Women Artists," April 18 – June 13, 1971 at the Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, curated by Lucy Lippard; and "Jackie Winsor: With and Within," October 19, 2014 – April 5, 2015 at the Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, curated by Amy Smith-Stewart.
Early life and education
Vera Jacqueline Winsor was born October 20, 1941, in Saint John's, Newfoundland. She is the second of three daughters and the descendant of three hundred years of Canadian ships' captains and farmers. Winsor was brought up in an old-fashioned, Anglophilic manner. A large part of her adolescence was spent helping her father build houses. One of Winsor's jobs was to "straighten the old nails and then hammer them down", an action she would later introduce into her own work. Winsor's family moved frequently during the 1940s due to her father's job between Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. In 1952, Winsor and her family immigrated to the United States and moved to Boston, Massachusetts. Boston's urbanity brought Winsor culture shock, so she would still return to Newfoundland during her summers.
Winsor began her formal art studies Massachusetts College of Art, where she focused on painting, and it was not until her time in graduate school at Rutgers University, which she attended from 1965 to 1967, that she began to experiment with sculpture. Winsor received a B.F.A. degree from Massachusetts College of Art and Design in 1965. Winsor received her M.F.A. degree from Rutgers University in 1967; where she met classmates and artists Keith Sonnier (whom she married in 1966), and Joan Snyder. The three artists then moved to New York City, after graduating.
Career
Jacqueline Winsor's work can be categorized as process art, "anti-form", and "eccentric abstraction". She is known for consistently using geometric forms like the cube and the sphere and she connected process with appearance. Jacqueline believes that her pieces of art are connected to specific occurrences in her life, however not directly connected by any personal events that she went through.
During the late 1960s, Winsor and her contemporaries, which included artists such as Lynda Benglis, Eva Hesse, Barry Le Va, Bruce Nauman, Joel Shapiro, and Richard Tuttle, collectively pushed modern sculpture into a new "Postminimalist" direction. Richard Marshall states that these artists "shared a willingness, even a need to reinvent form (often using novel and unexpected materials), to invest that form with meaning."
The first sculptures Winsor created in New York were made with materials which are now associated with "anti-formal" sculpture. These materials included rubber sheeting, tubes, cord, and even hair. Winsor also began experimenting with rope dipped in latex or polyester resin to create linear shapes.The first significant piece of her career was Rope Trick, a six foot tall length of rope in which she embedded with a metal rod to keep it standing upright. Although visually similar to the works of Minimalism, Winsor's sculptures did not aim to completely separate herself or her personal experience from the work she was creating. Winsor believed that an artist's work is a reflection of their inner selves and she demonstrated this in her rope pieces, as they relate back to her heritage of sea captains. Winsor even remarked that those kinds of ropes "might be used to tie an ocean liner to its dock".
An important influence for Winsor during this time was American dance, choreographer, and filmmaker Yvonne Rainer. Rainer's work was experimental and its intention was to put the body back into abstraction and use it along with motion to create shape. Her performances were often based on particular actions or tasks, which Winsor felt had a relationship to the ways in which she herself performed tasks in her own work. Winsor remarked, "What interested me was that these abstractions had a physical presence because they were acted out with bodies ," as opposed to "the hands-off sensibility toward abstraction" typically seen in Minimalist sculpture. Winsor uses very involved, hands-on processes to create her sculptures, including nailing, wrapping, joining, and measuring. Winsor's work-flow has been described as being slow and obsessive. On average. Winsor produces only three sculptures a year. Winsor describes, "Maintaining integrity toward the perfection you envisioned in the beginning is a constant concern. I spend an enormous amount of time just trying to imagine if an eighth of an inch at some point is going to make a major difference in the completed construction of the piece." Her work not only examines form and material, but also process, space, surface, weight, and density. Winsor asserts her role as an object-maker by creating works with clear material integrity.
She is also best known for her thick rope pieces, usually 4-inch rope and combines that with natural wood. Jacqueline Winsor also keeps a sculpture in her studio that has more meaning to her than a random passerby. It is a plain sphere over a foot in diameter me of solid concrete. To her, it is a perfect symbol of density.
Winsor currently teaches at SVA in New York City.
Work
Double Bound Circle consists of a single piece weighing 600 pounds and coiling upon itself.
Chunk Piece was created in 1970 and is a massive bundle of 4-inch rope pieces, The ropes are all cut to the same length, about four feet, and are tightly bound together.
Nail Piece was created in 1970 and is a 7-foot long stack of wood planks. They are put together and are densely nailed to each other at every layer.
Feminist art movement
Winsor was included in the exhibition, "More than Minimal: Feminism and Abstraction in the '70s" (1996) at Rose Art Museum, along with Lynda Benglis, Jackie Ferrara, Nancy Graves, Eva Hesse, Ana Mendieta, Mary Miss, Ree Morton, Michelle Stuart, Dorothea Rockburne, and Hannah Wilke.
Despite being referenced as making work that went against the macho-Minimalist sculpture movement, Winsor said, "when I think about things like feminism, it seems to me a political moment that supported the life I've had….I support it 100 percent although I have no real interest in it in my work."
Personal life
She was married to Keith Sonnier from 1966 until 1980, ending in divorce.
References
^ Johnson, Cecile. "Winsor, Jacqueline." In Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online, (accessed February 10, 2012; subscription required).
^ a b Detailed analysis of Winsor's "Four Corners" from the Allen Memorial Art Museum. Includes extensive bibliography on Winsor. Retrieved February 10, 2012
^ a b c "The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum: Jackie Winsor: With and Within". issuu. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
^ Johnson, Ellen (1979). Jackie Winsor: The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Museum of Modern Art.
^ Information on Jackie Winsor from the Paula Cooper Gallery. Retrieved February 10, 2012
^ Kunsthaus Hamburg (1972). American Woman Artist Show. Kunsthaus Hamburg. OCLC 78820398.
^ Lippard, Lucy (1971). 26 Contemporary Women Artists. Ridgefield: The Museum. OCLC 64688990.
^ a b c d e f g h Sobel, Dean (1991). Jackie Winsor. Milwaukee Art Museum. ISBN 0-944110-09-6.
^ Munro, Eleanor C. (2000). Originals: American Women Artists. Boulder, CO: Da Capo Press.
^ "Winsor_Four Corners". www.oberlin.edu. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
^ a b Kennedy, Randy (July 23, 2020). "Keith Sonnier, Playful Sculptor in Neon, Dies at 78". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
^ Cecile Johnson. "Winsor, Jacqueline." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press.Web. 21 Feb. 2015. <http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscirber/article/grove/art/T096914>
^ Marshall, Richard (1990). The New Sculpture 1965-75: Between Geometry and Gesture. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art. p. 12.
^ Halbreich, Kathy (1984). Jackie Winsor/Barry Ledoux: Sculpture. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
^ Rubinstein, Charlotte Streifer (1982). American Women Artists. Avon Books 1982. ISBN 0380611015.
^ CURTIS, CATHY (February 10, 1992). "O.C. ART / CATHY CURTIS : Sculptor's Works Spring From Nature". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
^ "Jackie Winsor | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
^ McShine, Kynaston (1979). Jackie Winsor. New York: Museum of Modern Art.
^ a b Tacha, Athena. Some thoughts on contemporary art. Syracuse University Annex Production System.
^ "School of Visual Arts | SVA | New York City > Faculty". www.sva.edu. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
^ Stoops, Susan L.; Chadwick, Whitney (1996). More than Minimal: Feminism and Abstraction in the '70s (exhibition). Waltham, Mass.: Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University.
Further reading
Liza Bear, "An Interview with Jackie Winsor," Avalanche Magazine no.4 (Spring 1972): 10–17.
External links
Entry for Jacqueline Winsor on the Union List of Artist Names
Entry for Jackie Winsor on ArtCyclopedia
Entry for Jackie Winsor in Avalanche Magazine Index
Oral history interview with Jackie Winsor, 1990-1992, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
VIAF
National
Norway
Germany
Israel
United States
Academics
CiNii
Artists
Museum of Modern Art
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ULAN
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SNAC
IdRef
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Her style, which developed in the early 1970s as a reaction to the work of minimal artists, has been characterized as post-minimal, anti-form, and process art.[1][2]Informed by her own personal history, Winsor's sculptures from this period sit at the intersection of Minimalism and feminism, maintaining an attention to elementary geometry and symmetrical form while eschewing Minimalism's reliance on industrial materials and methods through the incorporation of hand-crafted, organic materials such as wood and hemp.[2][3]Winsor has been in several exhibitions. In 1979, a mid-career retrospective of her work opened at the MoMA;[4] this was the first time the MoMA had presented a retrospective of work by a woman artist since 1946.[5] Other exhibitions include \"American Woman Artist Show,\" April 14 – May 14, 1974 at the Kunsthaus Hamburg (Germany), curated by Sybille Niester and Lil Picard;[6] \"26 Contemporary Women Artists,\" April 18 – June 13, 1971 at the Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, curated by Lucy Lippard;[7] and \"Jackie Winsor: With and Within,\" October 19, 2014 – April 5, 2015 at the Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, curated by Amy Smith-Stewart.[3]","title":"Jacqueline Winsor"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-8"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"},{"link_name":"Massachusetts College of Art and Design","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_College_of_Art_and_Design"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Rutgers University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutgers_University"},{"link_name":"Keith Sonnier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Sonnier"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-11"},{"link_name":"Joan Snyder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Snyder"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-8"}],"text":"Vera Jacqueline Winsor was born October 20, 1941, in Saint John's, Newfoundland. She is the second of three daughters and the descendant of three hundred years of Canadian ships' captains and farmers. Winsor was brought up in an old-fashioned, Anglophilic manner.[8] A large part of her adolescence was spent helping her father build houses. One of Winsor's jobs was to \"straighten the old nails and then hammer them down\", an action she would later introduce into her own work.[9] Winsor's family moved frequently during the 1940s due to her father's job between Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. In 1952, Winsor and her family immigrated to the United States and moved to Boston, Massachusetts. Boston's urbanity brought Winsor culture shock, so she would still return to Newfoundland during her summers.[8]Winsor began her formal art studies Massachusetts College of Art, where she focused on painting, and it was not until her time in graduate school at Rutgers University, which she attended from 1965 to 1967, that she began to experiment with sculpture.[3] Winsor received a B.F.A. degree from Massachusetts College of Art and Design in 1965.[10] Winsor received her M.F.A. degree from Rutgers University in 1967; where she met classmates and artists Keith Sonnier (whom she married in 1966),[11] and Joan Snyder. The three artists then moved to New York City, after graduating.[8]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Lynda Benglis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynda_Benglis"},{"link_name":"Eva Hesse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Hesse"},{"link_name":"Barry Le Va","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Le_Va"},{"link_name":"Bruce Nauman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Nauman"},{"link_name":"Joel Shapiro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Shapiro"},{"link_name":"Richard Tuttle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Tuttle"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-8"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-8"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Yvonne Rainer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvonne_Rainer"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-8"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-8"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-8"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"text":"Jacqueline Winsor's work can be categorized as process art, \"anti-form\", and \"eccentric abstraction\". She is known for consistently using geometric forms like the cube and the sphere and she connected process with appearance. Jacqueline believes that her pieces of art are connected to specific occurrences in her life, however not directly connected by any personal events that she went through.[12]During the late 1960s, Winsor and her contemporaries, which included artists such as Lynda Benglis, Eva Hesse, Barry Le Va, Bruce Nauman, Joel Shapiro, and Richard Tuttle, collectively pushed modern sculpture into a new \"Postminimalist\" direction.[8] Richard Marshall states that these artists \"shared a willingness, even a need to reinvent form (often using novel and unexpected materials), to invest that form with meaning.\"[13]The first sculptures Winsor created in New York were made with materials which are now associated with \"anti-formal\" sculpture. These materials included rubber sheeting, tubes, cord, and even hair. Winsor also began experimenting with rope dipped in latex or polyester resin to create linear shapes.The first significant piece of her career was Rope Trick, a six foot tall length of rope in which she embedded with a metal rod to keep it standing upright.[8] Although visually similar to the works of Minimalism, Winsor's sculptures did not aim to completely separate herself or her personal experience from the work she was creating. Winsor believed that an artist's work is a reflection of their inner selves[14] and she demonstrated this in her rope pieces, as they relate back to her heritage of sea captains. Winsor even remarked that those kinds of ropes \"might be used to tie an ocean liner to its dock\".[15]An important influence for Winsor during this time was American dance, choreographer, and filmmaker Yvonne Rainer. Rainer's work was experimental and its intention was to put the body back into abstraction and use it along with motion to create shape. Her performances were often based on particular actions or tasks, which Winsor felt had a relationship to the ways in which she herself performed tasks in her own work.[8] Winsor remarked, \"What interested me was that these abstractions had a physical presence because they were acted out with bodies ,\" as opposed to \"the hands-off sensibility toward abstraction\" typically seen in Minimalist sculpture.[16] Winsor uses very involved, hands-on processes to create her sculptures, including nailing, wrapping, joining, and measuring. Winsor's work-flow has been described as being slow and obsessive. On average. Winsor produces only three sculptures a year.[8] Winsor describes, \"Maintaining integrity toward the perfection you envisioned in the beginning is a constant concern. I spend an enormous amount of time just trying to imagine if an eighth of an inch at some point is going to make a major difference in the completed construction of the piece.\"[17] Her work not only examines form and material, but also process, space, surface, weight, and density.[8] Winsor asserts her role as an object-maker by creating works with clear material integrity.[18]She is also best known for her thick rope pieces, usually 4-inch rope and combines that with natural wood. Jacqueline Winsor also keeps a sculpture in her studio that has more meaning to her than a random passerby. It is a plain sphere over a foot in diameter me of solid concrete. To her, it is a perfect symbol of density.[19]Winsor currently teaches at SVA in New York City.[20]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"}],"text":"Double Bound Circle consists of a single piece weighing 600 pounds and coiling upon itself.\nChunk Piece was created in 1970 and is a massive bundle of 4-inch rope pieces, The ropes are all cut to the same length, about four feet, and are tightly bound together.\nNail Piece was created in 1970 and is a 7-foot long stack of wood planks. They are put together and are densely nailed to each other at every layer.[19]","title":"Work"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rose Art Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Art_Museum"},{"link_name":"Lynda Benglis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynda_Benglis"},{"link_name":"Jackie Ferrara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Ferrara"},{"link_name":"Nancy Graves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Graves"},{"link_name":"Eva Hesse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Hesse"},{"link_name":"Ana Mendieta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Mendieta"},{"link_name":"Mary Miss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Miss"},{"link_name":"Ree Morton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ree_Morton"},{"link_name":"Michelle Stuart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Stuart"},{"link_name":"Dorothea Rockburne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothea_Rockburne"},{"link_name":"Hannah Wilke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannah_Wilke"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"text":"Winsor was included in the exhibition, \"More than Minimal: Feminism and Abstraction in the '70s\" (1996) at Rose Art Museum, along with Lynda Benglis, Jackie Ferrara, Nancy Graves, Eva Hesse, Ana Mendieta, Mary Miss, Ree Morton, Michelle Stuart, Dorothea Rockburne, and Hannah Wilke.Despite being referenced as making work that went against the macho-Minimalist sculpture movement, Winsor said, \"when I think about things like feminism, it seems to me a political moment that supported the life I've had….I support it 100 percent although I have no real interest in it in my work.\"[21]","title":"Feminist art movement"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Keith Sonnier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Sonnier"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-11"}],"text":"She was married to Keith Sonnier from 1966 until 1980, ending in divorce.[11]","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Liza Bear, \"An Interview with Jackie Winsor,\" Avalanche Magazine no.4 (Spring 1972): 10–17.","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"reference":"\"The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum: Jackie Winsor: With and Within\". issuu. Retrieved March 10, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://issuu.com/aldrichmuseum/docs/winsorbrochure/3","url_text":"\"The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum: Jackie Winsor: With and Within\""}]},{"reference":"Johnson, Ellen (1979). Jackie Winsor: The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Museum of Modern Art.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Kunsthaus Hamburg (1972). American Woman Artist Show. Kunsthaus Hamburg. OCLC 78820398.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/78820398","url_text":"78820398"}]},{"reference":"Lippard, Lucy (1971). 26 Contemporary Women Artists. Ridgefield: The Museum. OCLC 64688990.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/64688990","url_text":"64688990"}]},{"reference":"Sobel, Dean (1991). Jackie Winsor. Milwaukee Art Museum. ISBN 0-944110-09-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-944110-09-6","url_text":"0-944110-09-6"}]},{"reference":"Munro, Eleanor C. (2000). Originals: American Women Artists. Boulder, CO: Da Capo Press.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Winsor_Four Corners\". www.oberlin.edu. Retrieved March 11, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.oberlin.edu/amam/Winsor_FourCorners.htm#B","url_text":"\"Winsor_Four Corners\""}]},{"reference":"Kennedy, Randy (July 23, 2020). \"Keith Sonnier, Playful Sculptor in Neon, Dies at 78\". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 14, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/23/arts/keith-sonnier-playful-sculptor-in-neon-dies-at-78.html","url_text":"\"Keith Sonnier, Playful Sculptor in Neon, Dies at 78\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"}]},{"reference":"Marshall, Richard (1990). The New Sculpture 1965-75: Between Geometry and Gesture. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art. p. 12.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Halbreich, Kathy (1984). Jackie Winsor/Barry Ledoux: Sculpture. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Rubinstein, Charlotte Streifer (1982). American Women Artists. Avon Books 1982. ISBN 0380611015.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0380611015","url_text":"0380611015"}]},{"reference":"CURTIS, CATHY (February 10, 1992). \"O.C. ART / CATHY CURTIS : Sculptor's Works Spring From Nature\". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved March 11, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://articles.latimes.com/1992-02-10/entertainment/ca-1328_1_recent-works","url_text":"\"O.C. ART / CATHY CURTIS : Sculptor's Works Spring From Nature\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035","url_text":"0458-3035"}]},{"reference":"\"Jackie Winsor | MoMA\". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved March 11, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1952","url_text":"\"Jackie Winsor | MoMA\""}]},{"reference":"McShine, Kynaston (1979). Jackie Winsor. New York: Museum of Modern Art.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"School of Visual Arts | SVA | New York City > Faculty\". www.sva.edu. Retrieved March 11, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sva.edu/faculty/jacqueline-winsor","url_text":"\"School of Visual Arts | SVA | New York City > Faculty\""}]},{"reference":"Stoops, Susan L.; Chadwick, Whitney (1996). More than Minimal: Feminism and Abstraction in the '70s (exhibition). Waltham, Mass.: Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Art_Museum","url_text":"Rose Art Museum"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeis_University","url_text":"Brandeis University"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Monro_III
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Alexander Monro III
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["1 Life","2 Notable Students","3 Publications","4 Family","5 In popular culture","6 See also","7 References"]
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Scottish anatomist (1773–1859)
Alexander Monro IIIAlexander Monro in the 1840sBorn(1773-11-05)5 November 1773Edinburgh, ScotlandDied10 March 1859(1859-03-10) (aged 85)Craiglockhart, ScotlandNationalityScottishAlma materUniversity of EdinburghScientific careerFieldsmedicine, surgery, anatomy
The grave of Alexander Monro III, Dean Cemetery
Alexander Monro III of Craiglockhart, FRSE FRCPE FSA (Scot) MWS (5 November 1773 – 10 March 1859), was a Scottish anatomist and medical educator at the University of Edinburgh Medical School. According to his detractors, Monro was an uninspired anatomist who did not compare with his brilliant father or grandfather as a teacher or scientist. His students included Charles Darwin who asserted that Monro "made his lectures on human anatomy as dull as he was himself."
Life
Alexander Monro by John Watson Gordon
The coat of arms of Alexander Monro, Dean Cemetery
Born at Nicolson Street in Edinburgh on 5 November 1773, he was the son of Alexander Monro (distinguished as "Secundus") and grandson of Alexander Monro (distinguished as "Primus") who had both preceded him in the Chair of Anatomy at the University of Edinburgh. He was educated at the High School of Edinburgh, close to his home, then studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh receiving his doctorate (MD) in September 1797. On 5 November that year he became a Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and 25 days later became a Fellow of the College. He then briefly studied in London under the Scottish born anatomist James Wilson, and then in Paris, returning to Edinburgh in 1799. During his absence he had been appointed conjoint Professor of Anatomy and Surgery with his father and in the academic year 1799/1800 he joined his father in delivering the anatomy lecture course at the University of Edinburgh.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1798, his proposers being Andrew Duncan, John Hill and Thomas Charles Hope.
In the early 19th century the University of Edinburgh was regarded as the best medical school in the United Kingdom despite the fact that its reputation had declined from its heyday in the Enlightenment of the 18th century. The University had been founded as the Town's College and was still governed by the Town Council. Two thirds of the professors were appointed by the Tory-controlled Council on the basis of their party list subject to approval by the Kirk, with little regard for ability. In some cases families treated the university chairs as hereditary, and critics alleged that Alexander Monro III exemplified the "mediocrity" this could produce. His manner was described as "unimpassioned indifference" and lectures were known to degenerate into riots.
Monro took little pride in his personal appearance and was described by contemporaries as dishevelled, scruffy and even dirty. This was an era when many in medicine considered cleanliness to be finicking and affected. "An executioner might as well manicure his nails before chopping off a head." For this reason, Charles Darwin, a student at the University of Edinburgh in 1825, was disgusted by Monro arriving at lectures still bloody from the dissecting room. Darwin wrote to his family that "I dislike and his lectures so much that I cannot speak with decency about them. He is so dirty in person and actions." Many students turned to competing private schools in Surgeon's Square instead, with Charles' brother Erasmus going to John Lizars, but Charles found the sight of surgery so upsetting that he stopped trying and turned his attention to natural history.
During Monro's tenure as Professor of Anatomy, Edinburgh was rocked by scandal due to the notorious "Burke and Hare murders" in which healthy individuals were intentionally killed in order to supply cadavers for dissection by anatomy lecturers and their students. One of the murderers, William Burke, was hanged on 28 January 1829, after which he was famously dissected at the Edinburgh Medical College by Monro. In a letter, Monro dipped his quill pen into Burke's blood and wrote, "This is written with the blood of Wm Burke, who was hanged at Edinburgh. This blood was taken from his head."
Alexander Monro III resigned as the Chair of Anatomy in 1846 and thus ended the dynastic reign of Monros at Edinburgh University which had spanned 126 years. Among Monro's publications are "Outlines of the Anatomy of the Human Body" (1811) in four volumes and "Elements of Anatomy" (1825) in two volumes. Although he taught surgery, Monro had never trained nor practised as a surgeon. He was Secretary of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh from 1809 to 1819 and elected President in 1825 and 1826. He was also on the Council of Wernerian Natural History Society of which he became a member in 1811.
In 1841 Dr Robert Halliday Gunning came to Edinburgh to oversee Monro's anatomy rooms and work as his assistant.
Monro died at Craiglockhart House, south-west of Edinburgh on 10 March 1859 and is buried in Lord's Row against the western wall of Dean Cemetery.
Notable Students
Teaching in the heyday of Edinburgh's medical prominence his pupils included several eminent physicians:
William Alison
Robert Christison
John Elliotson
Robert Liston
James Syme
Thomas Stewart Traill
Publications
Crural Hernia
Modified Smallpox
Morbid Anatomy of the Gullet, Stomach and Intestines
Morbid Anatomy of the Brain
Elements of Anatomy
Family
1 Great Stuart Street, Edinburgh
Monro is also known as Alexander Monro Tertius because his two predecessors as professor of anatomy at the University of Edinburgh had the same name: these were his grandfather Alexander Monro Primus and his father Alexander Monro Secundus. Alexander's great-grandfather John Munro had been an Edinburgh surgeon who played a leading role in the founding of the Edinburgh Medical School. His uncle was Dr Donald Monro FRSE who became a military physician in London.
Monro Tertius married twice: firstly, in 1800, to Maria Agnes Carmichael-Smyth (1776-1833), the daughter of Dr Carmichael-Smyth, together they had 12 children; and secondly, in 1836, to Jessie Hunter. The latter survived him.
In the 1830s he was living, with his large family and first wife, at 1 Great Stuart Street on the Moray Estate in Edinburgh's west end. The house stands on a prominent corner partly facing the gardens of Moray Place. Monro's neighbour (at 3 Great Stuart Street) was Dr Robert Christison.
His son Sir David Monro made a career as a politician in New Zealand, and was the second Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives.
His daughter, Maria Monro, married John Inglis, advocate (1783-1847) son of Admiral John Inglis. Their grandchildren included John Alexander Inglis.
His daughter Catherine Monro was the first wife of John James Stuart of Allanbank.
His son Alexander Monro was a Captain in the Rifle Brigade; James Monro was assistant surgeon on the Scots Greys; Henry Monro was a land-owner in New Zealand; William Monro was a lieutenant in the 79th Highlanders. His third daughter married George Skene, son of James Skene of Rubislaw.
In popular culture
In the 2010 motion picture Burke and Hare, Monro is a bitter rival of Dr Robert Knox (Tom Wilkinson) whom he thwarts at every turn by having a statute passed ensuring all dead bodies be passed on to him for dissection. He also has an unhealthy obsession with feet. Monro is portrayed by Tim Curry.
See also
Alexander Monro Primus, 1698–1767
Alexander Monro Secundus, 1733–1817
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alexander Monro (tertius).
^ "Alexander Monro, tertius". Whonamedit?. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
^ Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1773
^ a b c d e Rex Earl Wright-St. Clair (1964). Doctors Monro: a medical saga. The Wellcome Historical Medical Library. pp. 96–117.
^ a b Macintyre, Iain (2013). "Alexander Monro, tertius (1773–1859)" (PDF). The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 43 (3): 282. doi:10.4997/JRCPE.2013.319. PMID 24224200.
^ Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
^ Lynch, Michael, ed. (2007). Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford University Press. pp. 141–142. ISBN 978-0-19-923482-0. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
^ Gordon, Richard (2001) p.35; (1983) p.44
^ Howard, Amanda; Martin Smith (15 August 2004). "William Burke and William Hare". River of Blood: Serial Killers and Their Victims. Universal. p. 54. ISBN 1-58112-518-6.
^ Rosner, Lisa (5 October 2009). The Anatomy Murders. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4191-4.
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Kay's Originals vol.2 p.452
^ Moore 1894.
^ "The Post Office Annual Directory for 1832-1833". Secretary to the General Post-Office for Scotland. 1832. p. 139. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
^ Wright-St Clair, Rex. "Monro, David – Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
^ "The Episcopal Congregation of Charlotte Chapel, 1792-1818". Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
^ Inscription on Inglis grave, Colinton churchyard
^ "Catherine Steuart".
^ Kay's Originals vol.2 p.452
Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Moore, Norman (1894). "Monro, Alexander (1773-1859)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 38. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
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He was educated at the High School of Edinburgh, close to his home, then studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh receiving his doctorate (MD) in September 1797. On 5 November that year he became a Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and 25 days later became a Fellow of the College.[3] He then briefly studied in London under the Scottish born anatomist James Wilson, and then in Paris, returning to Edinburgh in 1799. During his absence he had been appointed conjoint Professor of Anatomy and Surgery with his father and in the academic year 1799/1800 he joined his father in delivering the anatomy lecture course at the University of Edinburgh.[4]He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1798, his proposers being Andrew Duncan, John Hill and Thomas Charles Hope.[5]In the early 19th century the University of Edinburgh was regarded as the best medical school[6] in the United Kingdom despite the fact that its reputation had declined from its heyday in the Enlightenment of the 18th century. The University had been founded as the Town's College and was still governed by the Town Council. Two thirds of the professors were appointed by the Tory-controlled Council on the basis of their party list subject to approval by the Kirk, with little regard for ability. In some cases families treated the university chairs as hereditary, and critics alleged that Alexander Monro III exemplified the \"mediocrity\" this could produce. His manner was described as \"unimpassioned indifference\" and lectures were known to degenerate into riots.[3]Monro took little pride in his personal appearance and was described by contemporaries as dishevelled, scruffy and even dirty.[3] This was an era when many in medicine considered cleanliness to be finicking and affected. \"An executioner might as well manicure his nails before chopping off a head.\"[7] For this reason, Charles Darwin, a student at the University of Edinburgh in 1825, was disgusted by Monro arriving at lectures still bloody from the dissecting room. Darwin wrote to his family that \"I dislike [Monro] and his lectures so much that I cannot speak with decency about them. He is so dirty in person and actions.\" Many students turned to competing private schools in Surgeon's Square instead, with Charles' brother Erasmus going to John Lizars, but Charles found the sight of surgery so upsetting that he stopped trying and turned his attention to natural history.[3]During Monro's tenure as Professor of Anatomy, Edinburgh was rocked by scandal due to the notorious \"Burke and Hare murders\" in which healthy individuals were intentionally killed in order to supply cadavers for dissection by anatomy lecturers and their students. One of the murderers, William Burke, was hanged on 28 January 1829, after which he was famously dissected at the Edinburgh Medical College by Monro.[8] In a letter, Monro dipped his quill pen into Burke's blood and wrote, \"This is written with the blood of Wm Burke, who was hanged at Edinburgh. This blood was taken from his head.\"[9]Alexander Monro III resigned as the Chair of Anatomy in 1846 and thus ended the dynastic reign of Monros at Edinburgh University which had spanned 126 years.[4] Among Monro's publications are \"Outlines of the Anatomy of the Human Body\" (1811) in four volumes and \"Elements of Anatomy\" (1825) in two volumes. Although he taught surgery, Monro had never trained nor practised as a surgeon. He was Secretary of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh from 1809 to 1819 and elected President in 1825 and 1826. He was also on the Council of Wernerian Natural History Society of which he became a member in 1811.In 1841 Dr Robert Halliday Gunning came to Edinburgh to oversee Monro's anatomy rooms and work as his assistant.[10]Monro died at Craiglockhart House, south-west of Edinburgh on 10 March 1859 and is buried in Lord's Row against the western wall of Dean Cemetery.","title":"Life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"William Alison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Alison"},{"link_name":"Robert Christison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Christison"},{"link_name":"John Elliotson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Elliotson"},{"link_name":"Robert Liston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Liston"},{"link_name":"James Syme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Syme"},{"link_name":"Thomas Stewart Traill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Stewart_Traill"}],"text":"Teaching in the heyday of Edinburgh's medical prominence his pupils included several eminent physicians:[11]William Alison\nRobert Christison\nJohn Elliotson\nRobert Liston\nJames Syme\nThomas Stewart Traill","title":"Notable Students"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Smallpox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox"}],"text":"Crural Hernia\nModified Smallpox\nMorbid Anatomy of the Gullet, Stomach and Intestines\nMorbid Anatomy of the Brain\nElements of Anatomy","title":"Publications"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1_Great_Stuart_Street,_Edinburgh.jpg"},{"link_name":"anatomy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy"},{"link_name":"University of Edinburgh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh"},{"link_name":"Alexander Monro Primus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Monro_Primus"},{"link_name":"Alexander Monro Secundus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Monro_Secundus"},{"link_name":"John Munro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Munro_(surgeon)"},{"link_name":"Donald Monro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Monro_(physician)"},{"link_name":"FRSE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRSE"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Clair1964-3"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1894-12"},{"link_name":"Edinburgh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Robert Christison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Christison"},{"link_name":"David Monro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Monro_(New_Zealand_politician)"},{"link_name":"Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DNZB_Monro-14"},{"link_name":"Admiral John Inglis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Inglis_(Royal_Navy_officer)"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"John Alexander Inglis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Alexander_Inglis"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"John James Stuart of Allanbank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Stuart_of_Allanbank"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Scots Greys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scots_Greys"},{"link_name":"New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"79th Highlanders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/79th_Highlanders"},{"link_name":"James Skene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Skene"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"text":"1 Great Stuart Street, EdinburghMonro is also known as Alexander Monro Tertius because his two predecessors as professor of anatomy at the University of Edinburgh had the same name: these were his grandfather Alexander Monro Primus and his father Alexander Monro Secundus. Alexander's great-grandfather John Munro had been an Edinburgh surgeon who played a leading role in the founding of the Edinburgh Medical School. His uncle was Dr Donald Monro FRSE who became a military physician in London.[3]Monro Tertius married twice: firstly, in 1800, to Maria Agnes Carmichael-Smyth (1776-1833), the daughter of Dr Carmichael-Smyth, together they had 12 children; and secondly, in 1836, to Jessie Hunter. The latter survived him.[12]In the 1830s he was living, with his large family and first wife, at 1 Great Stuart Street on the Moray Estate in Edinburgh's west end.[13] The house stands on a prominent corner partly facing the gardens of Moray Place. Monro's neighbour (at 3 Great Stuart Street) was Dr Robert Christison.His son Sir David Monro made a career as a politician in New Zealand, and was the second Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives.[14]His daughter, Maria Monro, married John Inglis, advocate (1783-1847) son of Admiral John Inglis.[15] Their grandchildren included John Alexander Inglis.[16]His daughter Catherine Monro was the first wife of John James Stuart of Allanbank.[17]His son Alexander Monro was a Captain in the Rifle Brigade; James Monro was assistant surgeon on the Scots Greys; Henry Monro was a land-owner in New Zealand; William Monro was a lieutenant in the 79th Highlanders. His third daughter married George Skene, son of James Skene of Rubislaw.[18]","title":"Family"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Burke and Hare","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burke_%26_Hare_(2010_film)"},{"link_name":"Robert Knox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Knox"},{"link_name":"Tom Wilkinson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Wilkinson"},{"link_name":"Tim Curry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Curry"}],"text":"In the 2010 motion picture Burke and Hare, Monro is a bitter rival of Dr Robert Knox (Tom Wilkinson) whom he thwarts at every turn by having a statute passed ensuring all dead bodies be passed on to him for dissection. He also has an unhealthy obsession with feet. Monro is portrayed by Tim Curry.","title":"In popular culture"}]
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[{"image_text":"The grave of Alexander Monro III, Dean Cemetery","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/The_grave_of_Alexander_Monro_tertius%2C_Dean_Cemetery.jpg/220px-The_grave_of_Alexander_Monro_tertius%2C_Dean_Cemetery.jpg"},{"image_text":"Alexander Monro by John Watson Gordon","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Alexander_Monro_%28tertius%29_by_JW_Gordon.jpg/220px-Alexander_Monro_%28tertius%29_by_JW_Gordon.jpg"},{"image_text":"The coat of arms of Alexander Monro, Dean Cemetery","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/The_coat_of_arms_of_Alexander_Monro%2C_Dean_Cemetery.jpg/220px-The_coat_of_arms_of_Alexander_Monro%2C_Dean_Cemetery.jpg"},{"image_text":"1 Great Stuart Street, Edinburgh","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/1_Great_Stuart_Street%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/220px-1_Great_Stuart_Street%2C_Edinburgh.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"Alexander Monro Primus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Monro_Primus"},{"title":"Alexander Monro Secundus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Monro_Secundus"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Alexander Monro, tertius\". Whonamedit?. Retrieved 14 July 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/942.html","url_text":"\"Alexander Monro, tertius\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whonamedit%3F","url_text":"Whonamedit?"}]},{"reference":"Rex Earl Wright-St. Clair (1964). Doctors Monro: a medical saga. The Wellcome Historical Medical Library. pp. 96–117.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=wg9rAAAAMAAJ","url_text":"Doctors Monro: a medical saga"}]},{"reference":"Macintyre, Iain (2013). \"Alexander Monro, tertius (1773–1859)\" (PDF). The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 43 (3): 282. doi:10.4997/JRCPE.2013.319. PMID 24224200.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.rcpe.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Notable%20Fellow.pdf","url_text":"\"Alexander Monro, tertius (1773–1859)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.4997%2FJRCPE.2013.319","url_text":"10.4997/JRCPE.2013.319"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24224200","url_text":"24224200"}]},{"reference":"Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074135/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf","url_text":"Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902-198-84-X","url_text":"0-902-198-84-X"},{"url":"https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Lynch, Michael, ed. (2007). Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford University Press. pp. 141–142. ISBN 978-0-19-923482-0. Retrieved 14 July 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=65A-KFw1GU8C&q=Alexander+Monro","url_text":"Oxford Companion to Scottish History"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923482-0","url_text":"978-0-19-923482-0"}]},{"reference":"Howard, Amanda; Martin Smith (15 August 2004). \"William Burke and William Hare\". River of Blood: Serial Killers and Their Victims. Universal. p. 54. ISBN 1-58112-518-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Publishers_(United_States)","url_text":"Universal"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58112-518-6","url_text":"1-58112-518-6"}]},{"reference":"Rosner, Lisa (5 October 2009). The Anatomy Murders. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4191-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/anatomymurdersbe00rosn","url_text":"The Anatomy Murders"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press","url_text":"University of Pennsylvania Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4191-4","url_text":"978-0-8122-4191-4"}]},{"reference":"\"Archived copy\" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160822105053/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/research_awards/prizes/prize_lists/gunning_victoria_history.pdf","url_text":"\"Archived copy\""},{"url":"https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/research_awards/prizes/prize_lists/gunning_victoria_history.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"The Post Office Annual Directory for 1832-1833\". Secretary to the General Post-Office for Scotland. 1832. p. 139. Retrieved 14 July 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://digital.nls.uk/directories/browse/pageturner.cfm?id=83401263&mode=transcription","url_text":"\"The Post Office Annual Directory for 1832-1833\""}]},{"reference":"Wright-St Clair, Rex. \"Monro, David – Biography\". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 14 July 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1M48","url_text":"\"Monro, David – Biography\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_New_Zealand_Biography","url_text":"Dictionary of New Zealand Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage","url_text":"Ministry for Culture and Heritage"}]},{"reference":"\"The Episcopal Congregation of Charlotte Chapel, 1792-1818\". Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150907024653/http://archive.stjohns-edinburgh.org.uk/InglisJohn.html","url_text":"\"The Episcopal Congregation of Charlotte Chapel, 1792-1818\""},{"url":"http://archive.stjohns-edinburgh.org.uk/InglisJohn.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Catherine Steuart\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.geni.com/people/Catherine-Steuart/6000000014416056022","url_text":"\"Catherine Steuart\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_(comics)
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Job (comics)
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["1 Biography","2 Series","3 References"]
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Swiss francophone comics creator (born 1927)
JobJob in 2009 at the 'O Tour de la Bulle' comic strip festival of Montpellier in France.BornAndré Jobin (1927-10-25) 25 October 1927 (age 96)Delémont, SwitzerlandNationalitySwiss Notable worksYakari
Job (born André Jobin on 25 October 1927) is a Swiss francophone comics creator. He is probably best known for his western children's comics series Yakari, of which he has written the scripts from 1973 until 2016.
Biography
André Jobin was born in Delémont, Switzerland. He became a journalist and founded Le Crapaud à lunettes in 1964, a magazine for children.
In 1967, he met Derib and hired him. In 1967 they published The Adventures of the Owl Pythagore together.
In 1969, he created the series Yakari, drawn by Derib.
In 1991, he was awarded with the Masters of Honor at the Sierre Comics Festival for his career.
In 2016 wrote his last story about Yakari. Joris Chamblain will now continue with Derib.
Series
The Adventures of the Owl Pythagore (3 albums)
Yakari (39 albums) (1973-2016)
References
^ "Job - Bibliographie, BD, photo, biographie".
(in French)
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
2
VIAF
National
Norway
Spain
France
BnF data
Catalonia
Germany
Belgium
United States
Sweden
Czech Republic
Croatia
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Other
SNAC
IdRef
This Bandes dessinées–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This profile of a European comics creator, writer, or artist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This article about a Swiss writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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|
[{"Link":"http://www.bedetheque.com/auteur-2136-BD-Job.html","external_links_name":"\"Job - Bibliographie, BD, photo, biographie\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_(comics)#endnote_","external_links_name":"[1]"},{"Link":"http://id.worldcat.org/fast/175324/","external_links_name":"FAST"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000121391280","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000136702870","external_links_name":"2"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/72300989","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90344232","external_links_name":"Norway"},{"Link":"http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX900546","external_links_name":"Spain"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11908863w","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11908863w","external_links_name":"BnF data"},{"Link":"https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058530029406706","external_links_name":"Catalonia"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/123438667","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14238748","external_links_name":"Belgium"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86824915","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://libris.kb.se/n0znjg1mlqctgp8g","external_links_name":"Sweden"},{"Link":"https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0048044&CON_LNG=ENG","external_links_name":"Czech Republic"},{"Link":"http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000765587&local_base=nsk10","external_links_name":"Croatia"},{"Link":"http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068870353","external_links_name":"Netherlands"},{"Link":"https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810649710005606","external_links_name":"Poland"},{"Link":"http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/70796","external_links_name":"Portugal"},{"Link":"https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6vk1zvm","external_links_name":"SNAC"},{"Link":"https://www.idref.fr/026938731","external_links_name":"IdRef"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Job_(comics)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Job_(comics)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Job_(comics)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbesina_encelioides
|
Verbesina encelioides
|
["1 References"]
|
Species of flowering plant
"Golden crownbeard" redirects here. For similarly name plants, see Yellow crownbeard.
Verbesina encelioides
A plant in flower near Valle, Arizona
Conservation status
Secure (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Eudicots
Clade:
Asterids
Order:
Asterales
Family:
Asteraceae
Genus:
Verbesina
Species:
V. encelioides
Binomial name
Verbesina encelioides(Cav.) Benth. &Hook.f. ex A.Gray
Synonyms
Ximenesia encelioides Cav.
Verbesina encelioides is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. The species is native to the Southwest United States and Northern Mexico. It is naturalized in parts of Eastern North America, the Middle East, Spain, Argentina, Australia and the Pacific islands. Common names include golden crownbeard, cowpen daisy, gold weed, wild sunflower, butter daisy, crown-beard, American dogweed, and the Spanish Añil del Muerto ("indigo of the dead").
Golden crownbeard is a summer annual with blooms resembling small sunflowers and distinctive flattened seeds.
The species responds strongly to disturbances on suitable sites. Like sunflowers, it produces allelopathic chemicals that slow the growth of other susceptible plant species. Research has identified an allelopathic effect on radishes which may explain its ability to dominate other species in some locations.
It is a larval host for the bordered patch.
References
^ "Verbesina encelioides". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
^ "Crown Beard (Verbesina encelioides)". Victorian Resources Online. Department of Primary Industries. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
^ "Crownbeard".
^ "Verbesina encelioides, Golden Crownbeard, Southwest Desert Flora". southwestdesertflora.com. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
^ Hawley, Rob (2018-09-10). "Herb of the month: Golden crownbeard, goldweed". The Taos News. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
^ "Allelopathic potential of Verbesina encelioides root leachate in soil". Canadian Journal of Botany, 1999, Vol. 77, No. 10 pp. 1419-1424. Canadian Journal of Botany. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
^ The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
Taxon identifiersVerbesina encelioides
Wikidata: Q7160909
Wikispecies: Verbesina encelioides
AoFP: 276
APA: 1040
APNI: 112714
APSA: 286-66-1a
Calflora: 11114
CoL: 5B376
eFloraSA: Verbesina_encelioides
EoL: 819666
EPPO: VEEEN
EUNIS: 159477
FloraBase: 15725
FNA: 242417424
FoAO2: Verbesina encelioides
FoIO: verenc
GBIF: 3147913
GRIN: 41178
iNaturalist: 79495
IPA: 6590
IPNI: 161039-3
IRMNG: 10590130
ISC: 20396
ITIS: 38601
MichiganFlora: 514
NatureServe: 2.132227
NBN: NHMSYS0000464810
NCBI: 945253
NTFlora: 720
NZOR: 8c0bde16-0055-4f80-a035-01becc845c08
Observation.org: 124366
Open Tree of Life: 3899857
Plant List: gcc-142456
PLANTS: VEEN
POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30147294-2
Tropicos: 2701511
VicFlora: 1f0f047b-dd62-4524-a1db-06c78b2f4364
WoI: 782
WFO: wfo-0000043888
WoRMS: 1114532
Ximenesia encelioides
Wikidata: Q87592438
APDB: 96746
APNI: 231313
CoL: 7G9NK
EUNIS: 160572
GBIF: 3147916
GRIN: 42112
IPNI: 30136138-2
IRMNG: 10205889
ITIS: 523542
Observation.org: 124367
POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30136138-2
Tropicos: 2720180
WFO: wfo-0000026488
WoRMS: 1205666
This Heliantheae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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|
[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cowpen_Daisy-_Verbesina_encelioides.jpg/220px-Cowpen_Daisy-_Verbesina_encelioides.jpg"}]
| null |
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|
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it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_of_faith
|
Person of faith
|
["1 Persian term (in Islam)","2 References"]
|
This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (November 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
The description person of faith (plural: people of faith) refers to any person who can be delineated or classified by an adherence to a religious tradition or doctrine, as opposed to those who do not publicly identify or in any way espouse a religious path.
The term people of faith has been increasingly used in the twentieth and twenty-first century by religious adherents in Westernized countries who are critical of a perceived increase in public disenchantment or de-emphasis upon accommodation for religious adherents, although the term itself is used more as a catch-all term which is intentionally non-denominational or non-specific to any particular religious path. A person of faith is said to belong to a faith community or faith-based community.
The term is also criticized by advocates of nontheistic positions for being inaccurate in its assumption of an underlying, unifying commonality between all religious observants - despite stark doctrinal differences and oppositional stances - simply for the purpose of reducing the influence of secular-minded individuals (similar to the term person of color as a catch-all descriptor of non-white people, or the Islamic description of people of the Book to describe the communities of adherents to Islam, Christianity, and Judaism).
Persian term (in Islam)
In Islam, there is a Persian term called اهل ایمان, which literally means "people of faith". It is first founded in the Persian translation of the Quran by Mirza Mahdi Elahi Ghomshei (1901 - 1973) based on the following example below:
.ای اهل ایمان ، روزی حلال و پاکیزهای که ما نصیب شما کردهایم بخورید و شکر خدا به جای آرید اگر شما خالص خدا را میپرستید
Meaning: O people of faith, eat the lawful and pure foods which We have bestowed upon you, and be grateful to Allah if you sincerely worship Him.
Source: Quran, Surah al-Baqarah, verse 172
References
^ "faith community". Retrieved 19 May 2015.
^ "faith-based". Retrieved 19 May 2015.
Authority control databases: National
Latvia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Workers%27_Union_of_Germany
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Free Workers' Union of Germany
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["1 See also","2 References","3 Bibliography","4 External links"]
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German anarcho-syndicalist trade union
Congress 1922
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The Free Workers' Union of Germany (German: Freie Arbeiter Union Deutschlands; FAUD) was an anarcho-syndicalist trade union in Germany. It stemmed from the Free Association of German Trade Unions (FDVG) which combined with the Ruhr region's Freie Arbeiter Union on September 15, 1919.
The FAUD was involved in the revolution in Germany from 1918 to 1923, and continued to be involved in the German labor movement after the FAUD began to decline in 1923. After 1921, the FAUD added an "AS" to their name, signifying a full transition from simple syndicalism to anarcho-syndicalism. This also led to further difficulties between the intellectual elites of the FAUD (AS), such as Rudolf Rocker, and the rank and file workers, mostly in the Ruhr region, who were more worried about "bread and butter" issues than anarchist political activities. These workers, the majority of the FAUD-(AS) members, formed the Gelsenkircherichtung (Gelsenkirche tendency) within the movement, and given the movements federalist structure, began to drift away from the FAUD-(AS) intellectually and organizationally. Eventually, those workers who had joined during the revolution left the movement and the remaining FAUD-(AS) members came from the FDVG's original constituencies of the building trades and specialized textile workers.
The Nazis suppressed the FAUD in January 1933 after coming to power. However, many of its members continued to do political work illegally and organized resistance against the Nazi regime, both in Germany and elsewhere (see: Gruppe DAS and the revolution in Spain, 1936–1939). The International Workers' Association, of which the FAUD was a member, was founded upon the initiative of the German organization in 1922. The Free Workers' Union (FAU), which was founded in 1977, considers itself a successor of the FAUD. At its peak, the FAUD had 150,000 members. The primary organ of the FAUD was the newspaper Der Syndikalist, which was first published in December 1918, and continued until the group's suppression by the Nazis.
See also
List of trade unions
Union of Manual and Intellectual Workers
References
^ Hans Manfred Bock, "Anarchosyndicalism in the German Labour Movement: a Rediscovered Minority Tradition." In Revolutionary Syndicalism: An International Perspective, translated by Wayne Thorpe, 59–80 (Aldershot, England: Scolar Press, 1990) pp. 59-80; This text gives a general overview of the topic in English. Further reading can be found in German.
Bibliography
Bock, Hans-Manfred (1993) . Syndikalismus und Linkskommunismus von 1918 bis 1923: Ein Beitrag zur Sozial- und Ideengeschichte der frühen Weimarer Republik (in German). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. ISBN 3-534-12005-1.
Bock, Hans-Manfred (1976). Geschichte des "linken Radikalismus" in Deutschland: ein Versuch (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. ISBN 3-518-00645-2.
Bock, Hans-Manfred (1989). "Anarchosyndikalismus in Deutschland. Eine Zwischenbilanz". Internationale Wissenschaftliche Korrespondenz zur Geschichte der Deutschen Arbeiterbewegung (in German). 25: 293–358. ISSN 0046-8428.
Bock, Hans Manfred (1990). "Anarchosyndicalism in the German Labour Movement: a Rediscovered Minority Tradition". In van der Linden, Marcel; Thorpe, Wayne (eds.). Revolutionary Syndicalism: an International Perspective. Aldershot: Scolar Press. pp. 59–79. ISBN 0-85967-815-6.
Döhring, Helge (2013). Anarcho-Syndikalismus in Deutschland 1933-1945 (in German). Stuttgart: Schmetterling Verlag. ISBN 978-3-89657-062-8.
Graf, Andreas G. (2001). Anarchisten gegen Hitler: Anarchisten, Anarcho-Syndikalisten, Rätekommunisten in Widerstand und Exil (in German). Berlin: Lukas Verlag. ISBN 3931836231.
Haug, Wolfgang (1989). "Eine Flamme erlischt. Die FAUD (Anarchosyndikalisten) von 1932 bis 1937". Internationale Wissenschaftliche Korrespondenz zur Geschichte der Deutschen Arbeiterbewegung (in German). 25: 359–379. ISSN 0046-8428.
Jenko, Jürgen (2012-07-27). "Miners and the Rise of Anarcho-Syndicalism in the Ruhr" (PDF). European Mining History, 19th and 20th centuries. Bochum.
Klan, Ulrich; Nelles, Dieter (1990). 'Es lebt noch eine Flamme': Rheinische Anarcho-Syndikalisten/-innen in der Weimarer Republik und im Faschismus (in German). Berlin: Trotzdem Verlag. ISBN 3-922209-72-6.
Linse, Ulrich (1989). "Die "Schwarzen Scharen": Eine antifaschistische Kampforganisation deutscher Anarchisten". Archiv für die Geschichte des Widerstandes und der Arbeit (in German). 12. Fernwald: Germinal Verlag: 47–67. ISBN 978-3886634125.
Lucas, Erhard (1976). Zwei Formen von Radikalismus in der deutschen Arbeiterbewegung (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Stroemfeld. ISBN 3878770898.
Müller, Dirk H. (1985a). Gewerkschaftliche Versammlungsdemokratie und Arbeiterdelegierte vor 1918: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Lokalismus, des Syndikalismus und der entstehenden Rätebewegung (in German). Berlin: Colloqium Verlag. ISBN 3-7678-0650-9.
Müller, Dirk H. (1985b). "Syndicalism and Localism in the German Trade Union Movement". In Mommsen, Wolfgang J.; Husung, Hans-Gerhard (eds.). The Development of Trade Unionism in Great Britain and Germany, 1880-1914. The German Historical Institute. London: George Allen & Unwin. pp. 239–249. ISBN 0-04-940080-0.
Nelles, Dieter (1997). "Deutsche Anarchosyndikalisten und Freiwillige in anarchistischen Milizen im Spanischen Bürgerkrieg". Internationale Wissenschaftliche Korrespondenz zur Geschichte der Deutschen Arbeiterbewegung (in German). 33: 500–519. ISSN 0046-8428.
Regin, Cornelia (1986). "'Vom Anarchismus des Gefühls zum Anarchismus der Überzeugung': Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte und Ideologie der anarchistischen und anarcho-syndikalistischen Jugendbewegung in der Weimarer Republik". Internationale Wissenschaftliche Korrespondenz zur Geschichte der Deutschen Arbeiterbewegung (in German). 22: 471–498. ISSN 0046-8428.
Regin, Cornelia (1989). "Hausfrau und Revolution. Die Frauenpolitik der Anarchosyndikalisten in der Weimarer Republik". Internationale Wissenschaftliche Korrespondenz zur Geschichte der Deutschen Arbeiterbewegung (in German). 25: 379–397. ISSN 0046-8428.
Röhrich, Wilfried (1977). Revolutionärer Syndikalismus. Ein Beitrag zur Sozialgeschichte der Arbeiterbewegung (in German). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. ISBN 3534073428.
Rübner, Hartmut (1994). Freiheit und Brot: Die Freie Arbeiter-Union Deutschlands: Eine Studie zur Geschichte des Anarchosyndikalismus (in German). Berlin/Cologne: Libertad Verlag. ISBN 3-922226-21-3.
Rübner, Hartmut (1996). "Linksradikale Gewerkschaftsalternativen. Der Anarchosyndikalismus in Norddeutschland von den Anfängen bis zur Illegalisierung nach 1933". Archiv für die Geschichte des Widerstandes und der Arbeit (in German). 14: 66–108. ISSN 0936-1014.
Schönhoven, Klaus (1985). "Localism—Craft Union—Industrial Union: Organizational Patterns in German Trade Unionism". In Mommsen, Wolfgang J.; Husung, Hans-Gerhard (eds.). The Development of Trade Unionism in Great Britain and Germany, 1880-1914. The German Historical Institute. London: George Allen & Unwin. pp. 219–235. ISBN 0-04-940080-0.
Schöttler, Peter (1986). "Syndikalismus in der europäischen Arbeiterbewegung. Neuere Forschungen in Frankreich, England und Deutschland". In Tenfelde, Klaus (ed.). Arbeiter und Arbeiterbewegung im Vergleich. Berichte zur internationalen historischen Forschung. München: R. Oldenbourg. pp. 419–476. ISBN 3486617508.
Thorpe, Wayne (June 2000). "Keeping the Faith: The German Syndicalists in the First World War". Central European History. 33 (2): 195–216. doi:10.1163/156916100746301. ISSN 0008-9389. S2CID 143836877.
Thorpe, Wayne (March 2001). "The European Syndicalists and War, 1914-1918". Contemporary European History. 10 (1): 1–24. doi:10.1017/S0960777301001011. ISSN 0960-7773. S2CID 162858237.
Vogel, Angela (1977). Der deutsche Anarcho-Syndikalismus: Genese und Theorie einer vergessenen Bewegung (in German). Berlin: Karin Kramer Verlag. ASIN B003BF7QGW. ISBN 3-89756-070-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)
External links
Institute for Syndicalism Research
Free Workers' Union of Germany/ Freie Arbeiter Union Deutschlands texts from the Kate Sharpley Library
vteSyndicalism and anarcho-syndicalism in GermanyOrganizations
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Authority control databases International
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Portals: Anarchism Germany Organized labour
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Syndikalismus und Linkskommunismus von 1918 bis 1923: Ein Beitrag zur Sozial- und Ideengeschichte der frühen Weimarer Republik (in German). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. ISBN 3-534-12005-1.\nBock, Hans-Manfred (1976). Geschichte des \"linken Radikalismus\" in Deutschland: ein Versuch (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. ISBN 3-518-00645-2.\nBock, Hans-Manfred (1989). \"Anarchosyndikalismus in Deutschland. Eine Zwischenbilanz\". Internationale Wissenschaftliche Korrespondenz zur Geschichte der Deutschen Arbeiterbewegung (in German). 25: 293–358. ISSN 0046-8428.\nBock, Hans Manfred (1990). \"Anarchosyndicalism in the German Labour Movement: a Rediscovered Minority Tradition\". In van der Linden, Marcel; Thorpe, Wayne (eds.). Revolutionary Syndicalism: an International Perspective. Aldershot: Scolar Press. pp. 59–79. ISBN 0-85967-815-6.\nDöhring, Helge (2013). Anarcho-Syndikalismus in Deutschland 1933-1945 (in German). Stuttgart: Schmetterling Verlag. ISBN 978-3-89657-062-8.\nGraf, Andreas G. (2001). Anarchisten gegen Hitler: Anarchisten, Anarcho-Syndikalisten, Rätekommunisten in Widerstand und Exil (in German). Berlin: Lukas Verlag. ISBN 3931836231.\nHaug, Wolfgang (1989). \"Eine Flamme erlischt. Die FAUD (Anarchosyndikalisten) von 1932 bis 1937\". Internationale Wissenschaftliche Korrespondenz zur Geschichte der Deutschen Arbeiterbewegung (in German). 25: 359–379. ISSN 0046-8428.\nJenko, Jürgen (2012-07-27). \"Miners and the Rise of Anarcho-Syndicalism in the Ruhr\" (PDF). European Mining History, 19th and 20th centuries. Bochum.\nKlan, Ulrich; Nelles, Dieter (1990). 'Es lebt noch eine Flamme': Rheinische Anarcho-Syndikalisten/-innen in der Weimarer Republik und im Faschismus (in German). Berlin: Trotzdem Verlag. ISBN 3-922209-72-6.\nLinse, Ulrich (1989). \"Die \"Schwarzen Scharen\": Eine antifaschistische Kampforganisation deutscher Anarchisten\". Archiv für die Geschichte des Widerstandes und der Arbeit (in German). 12. Fernwald: Germinal Verlag: 47–67. ISBN 978-3886634125.\nLucas, Erhard (1976). Zwei Formen von Radikalismus in der deutschen Arbeiterbewegung (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Stroemfeld. ISBN 3878770898.\nMüller, Dirk H. (1985a). Gewerkschaftliche Versammlungsdemokratie und Arbeiterdelegierte vor 1918: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Lokalismus, des Syndikalismus und der entstehenden Rätebewegung (in German). Berlin: Colloqium Verlag. ISBN 3-7678-0650-9.\nMüller, Dirk H. (1985b). \"Syndicalism and Localism in the German Trade Union Movement\". In Mommsen, Wolfgang J.; Husung, Hans-Gerhard (eds.). The Development of Trade Unionism in Great Britain and Germany, 1880-1914. The German Historical Institute. London: George Allen & Unwin. pp. 239–249. ISBN 0-04-940080-0.\nNelles, Dieter (1997). \"Deutsche Anarchosyndikalisten und Freiwillige in anarchistischen Milizen im Spanischen Bürgerkrieg\". Internationale Wissenschaftliche Korrespondenz zur Geschichte der Deutschen Arbeiterbewegung (in German). 33: 500–519. ISSN 0046-8428.\nRegin, Cornelia (1986). \"'Vom Anarchismus des Gefühls zum Anarchismus der Überzeugung': Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte und Ideologie der anarchistischen und anarcho-syndikalistischen Jugendbewegung in der Weimarer Republik\". Internationale Wissenschaftliche Korrespondenz zur Geschichte der Deutschen Arbeiterbewegung (in German). 22: 471–498. ISSN 0046-8428.\nRegin, Cornelia (1989). \"Hausfrau und Revolution. Die Frauenpolitik der Anarchosyndikalisten in der Weimarer Republik\". Internationale Wissenschaftliche Korrespondenz zur Geschichte der Deutschen Arbeiterbewegung (in German). 25: 379–397. ISSN 0046-8428.\nRöhrich, Wilfried (1977). Revolutionärer Syndikalismus. Ein Beitrag zur Sozialgeschichte der Arbeiterbewegung (in German). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. ISBN 3534073428.\nRübner, Hartmut (1994). Freiheit und Brot: Die Freie Arbeiter-Union Deutschlands: Eine Studie zur Geschichte des Anarchosyndikalismus (in German). Berlin/Cologne: Libertad Verlag. ISBN 3-922226-21-3.\nRübner, Hartmut (1996). \"Linksradikale Gewerkschaftsalternativen. Der Anarchosyndikalismus in Norddeutschland von den Anfängen bis zur Illegalisierung nach 1933\". Archiv für die Geschichte des Widerstandes und der Arbeit (in German). 14: 66–108. ISSN 0936-1014.\nSchönhoven, Klaus (1985). \"Localism—Craft Union—Industrial Union: Organizational Patterns in German Trade Unionism\". In Mommsen, Wolfgang J.; Husung, Hans-Gerhard (eds.). The Development of Trade Unionism in Great Britain and Germany, 1880-1914. The German Historical Institute. London: George Allen & Unwin. pp. 219–235. ISBN 0-04-940080-0.\nSchöttler, Peter (1986). \"Syndikalismus in der europäischen Arbeiterbewegung. Neuere Forschungen in Frankreich, England und Deutschland\". In Tenfelde, Klaus (ed.). Arbeiter und Arbeiterbewegung im Vergleich. Berichte zur internationalen historischen Forschung. München: R. Oldenbourg. pp. 419–476. ISBN 3486617508.\nThorpe, Wayne (June 2000). \"Keeping the Faith: The German Syndicalists in the First World War\". Central European History. 33 (2): 195–216. doi:10.1163/156916100746301. ISSN 0008-9389. S2CID 143836877.\nThorpe, Wayne (March 2001). \"The European Syndicalists and War, 1914-1918\". Contemporary European History. 10 (1): 1–24. doi:10.1017/S0960777301001011. ISSN 0960-7773. S2CID 162858237.\nVogel, Angela (1977). Der deutsche Anarcho-Syndikalismus: Genese und Theorie einer vergessenen Bewegung (in German). Berlin: Karin Kramer Verlag. ASIN B003BF7QGW. ISBN 3-89756-070-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)","title":"Bibliography"}]
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[{"image_text":"Congress 1922","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Faud_congress.jpg/220px-Faud_congress.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"List of trade unions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trade_unions"},{"title":"Union of Manual and Intellectual Workers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Manual_and_Intellectual_Workers"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_Misconduct
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Gross Misconduct
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["1 Overview","2 Track listing","3 Credits","4 References","5 External links"]
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For the term with respect to employment dismissal, see Termination of employment. For the 1993 Australian thriller film, see Gross Misconduct (film).
The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for music. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.Find sources: "Gross Misconduct" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
1989 studio album by M.O.D.Gross MisconductStudio album by M.O.D.Released1989RecordedAugust–October, 1988StudioPyramid Sound, Ithaca, New York, USAGenreCrossover thrashLength38:45LabelMegaforce RecordsNoise InternationalProducerAlex PerialasM.O.D. chronology
Surfin' M.O.D.(1988)
Gross Misconduct(1989)
Rhythm of Fear(1992)
Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic
Gross Misconduct is the second album from crossover thrash metal band, M.O.D. It was released in 1989 on Megaforce Records and Noise International and follows 1988's extended play Surfin' M.O.D. It was three years until the band released another record, with Rhythm of Fear in 1992.
Overview
The music video for "True Colors" starts off with a Slash look-alike plugging his guitar into the amp before being pushed out of the way by Billy Milano.
Track listing
All songs written by M.O.D. unless otherwise stated
No.TitleWriter(s)Length1."No Hope"Alex Perialas, Billy Milano, Ferrero4:122."No Glove No Love" 2:023."True Colors" 3:484."Accident Scene" 3:125."Godzula" 2:266."E Factor" 3:087."Gross Misconduct" 4:038."Satan's Cronies" 2:369."In the City" (Fear cover) 1:5710."Come As You Are"Perialas, Milano, Ferrero2:4511."Vent" 0:1312."Theme" 2:0613."P.B.M." 0:2914."The Ride"Perialas, Milano, Ferrero5:0015."Dark Knight"Ferrero & Milano5:58
Credits
Billy Milano – vocals
Louis Svitek – guitar
John Monte – bass
Tim Mallare – drums
Recorded August – October, 1988 at Pyramid Sound, Ithaca, New York, USA
Produced and engineered by Alex Perialas
Assistant engineered by Rob Hunter
Executive produced by Jon and Marsha Zazula
Mastered by Tom Coyne at Hit Factory
Cover illustration by Craig Hamilton
References
^ Gross Misconduct at AllMusic
^ True Colors
^ M.O.D. - LYRICS
External links
Megaforce Records album page
Official S.O.D. and M.O.D. fansite
BNR Metal discography page
vteM.O.D.
Billy Milano
Scott "The Rod" Sargeant
Derek "Lennon" Lopez
Louis Svitek
John Monte
Dave Chavarri
Studio albums
U.S.A. for M.O.D.
Gross Misconduct
Rhythm of Fear
Devolution
Dictated Aggression
The Rebel You Love to Hate
Red, White & Screwed
Busted, Broke & American
EPs
Surfin' M.O.D.
Compilation albums
Loved by Thousands, Hated by Millions
Authority control databases
MusicBrainz release group
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Termination of employment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termination_of_employment"},{"link_name":"Gross Misconduct (film)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_Misconduct_(film)"},{"link_name":"crossover thrash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_thrash"},{"link_name":"M.O.D.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.O.D."},{"link_name":"Megaforce Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaforce_Records"},{"link_name":"Noise International","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_Records_(Germany)"},{"link_name":"extended play","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_play"},{"link_name":"Surfin' M.O.D.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfin%27_M.O.D."},{"link_name":"Rhythm of Fear","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_of_Fear"}],"text":"For the term with respect to employment dismissal, see Termination of employment. For the 1993 Australian thriller film, see Gross Misconduct (film).1989 studio album by M.O.D.Gross Misconduct is the second album from crossover thrash metal band, M.O.D. It was released in 1989 on Megaforce Records and Noise International and follows 1988's extended play Surfin' M.O.D. It was three years until the band released another record, with Rhythm of Fear in 1992.","title":"Gross Misconduct"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Slash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slash_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Billy Milano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Milano"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"The music video for \"True Colors\" starts off with a Slash look-alike plugging his guitar into the amp before being pushed out of the way by Billy Milano.[2]","title":"Overview"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"M.O.D.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.O.D."},{"link_name":"Alex Perialas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Perialas"},{"link_name":"Billy Milano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Milano"},{"link_name":"Fear","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_(band)"}],"text":"[3]\nAll songs written by M.O.D. unless otherwise statedNo.TitleWriter(s)Length1.\"No Hope\"Alex Perialas, Billy Milano, Ferrero4:122.\"No Glove No Love\" 2:023.\"True Colors\" 3:484.\"Accident Scene\" 3:125.\"Godzula\" 2:266.\"E Factor\" 3:087.\"Gross Misconduct\" 4:038.\"Satan's Cronies\" 2:369.\"In the City\" (Fear cover) 1:5710.\"Come As You Are\"Perialas, Milano, Ferrero2:4511.\"Vent\" 0:1312.\"Theme\" 2:0613.\"P.B.M.\" 0:2914.\"The Ride\"Perialas, Milano, Ferrero5:0015.\"Dark Knight\"Ferrero & Milano5:58","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Billy Milano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Milano"},{"link_name":"Louis Svitek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Svitek"},{"link_name":"John Monte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Monte"},{"link_name":"Ithaca, New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York"},{"link_name":"Alex Perialas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Perialas"}],"text":"Billy Milano – vocals\nLouis Svitek – guitar\nJohn Monte – bass\nTim Mallare – drums\nRecorded August – October, 1988 at Pyramid Sound, Ithaca, New York, USA\nProduced and engineered by Alex Perialas\nAssistant engineered by Rob Hunter\nExecutive produced by Jon and Marsha Zazula\nMastered by Tom Coyne at Hit Factory\nCover illustration by Craig Hamilton","title":"Credits"}]
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[{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gross+Misconduct%22","external_links_name":"\"Gross Misconduct\""},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gross+Misconduct%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1","external_links_name":"news"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gross+Misconduct%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks","external_links_name":"newspapers"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gross+Misconduct%22+-wikipedia","external_links_name":"books"},{"Link":"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gross+Misconduct%22","external_links_name":"scholar"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gross+Misconduct%22&acc=on&wc=on","external_links_name":"JSTOR"},{"Link":"https://www.allmusic.com/album/r12154","external_links_name":"Gross Misconduct"},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAbkSplhUHE","external_links_name":"True Colors"},{"Link":"http://www.sod-mod.com/content/mod_lyrics_misconduct.htm","external_links_name":"M.O.D. - LYRICS"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070310214826/http://www.megaforcerecords.com/grvyrd2/albumH/MODGM.htm","external_links_name":"Megaforce Records album page"},{"Link":"http://www.sod-mod.com/","external_links_name":"Official S.O.D. and M.O.D. fansite"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20061018060318/http://www.bnrmetal.com/groups/mod.htm","external_links_name":"BNR Metal discography page"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/release-group/c8f40ce4-cc57-3b9c-8566-d33613f30cde","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz release group"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Platz
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Elizabeth Platz
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["1 References","2 External links"]
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American Lutheran pastor
For the American cancer epidemiologist, see Elizabeth A. Platz. For the spelling contestant, see 83rd Scripps National Spelling Bee.
Elizabeth Alvina Platz is an American Lutheran pastor and was the first woman in North America ordained by a Lutheran church body.
Platz was born and raised in Pittsburgh, in a family that attended church regularly, but was not religious. She won a scholarship to attend any college in Pittsburgh, and chose to study at Chatham College, where she graduated in 1962 with a degree in history. While there, she became interested in studying theology. After graduating, she enrolled at Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, which was the only Lutheran seminary that would accept woman. While the other four women enrolled were all on the education track, Platz was able to persuade the administration to allow her to take on the Bachelors of Divinity program. After graduating in 1965, Platz served as chaplain for the Lutheran Campus Ministry at the University of Maryland, College Park.
In 1970, when the Lutheran Church in America (LCA) moved to allow women's ordination, Platz was one of the few women determined to be eligible for ordination immediately. In November 1970, she became the first woman to be ordained into the LCA. She continued to work at the University of Maryland for the rest of her career. While there, she advocated for better conditions for many groups, including graduate students and the custodial staff. She also was devoted to interfaith programming and established a fund in memory of her husband Wofford K. Smith, who had been the university's Episcopal chaplain. Platz retired from UMD in 2012, having worked 47 years as the chaplain at the Lutheran Campus Ministry
The ordination of women, approved earlier that year by both the LCA and The American Lutheran Church (ALC) was controversial. The ALC ordained its first woman as a pastor, Barbara Andrews, in December of the same year. The ALC and LCA merged in 1988 with the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches to form the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA).
At the 2005 Churchwide Assembly of the ELCA in Orlando, Florida, a special program was held in honor of the 35 years since Platz's history-making ordination.
References
^ a b "The Reverend Elizabeth Platz Smith '62 | Transform Chatham's Future | Chatham University". plannedgiving.chatham.edu. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
^ a b "Shattering the Lutheran Glass Ceiling". Maryland Today. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
^ "Elizabeth Platz | Fifty Years On: a Half Century of Ordaining Lutheran Women". Retrieved 2023-05-09.
^ "Elizabeth Platz - LCA, 1970". 2005-04-18. Archived from the original on 2005-04-18. Retrieved 2021-06-06.
External links
ELCA page on ordination of Platz
This article about a member of the Christian clergy in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This article relating to Lutheranism is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Elizabeth A. Platz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_A._Platz"},{"link_name":"83rd Scripps National Spelling Bee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/83rd_Scripps_National_Spelling_Bee"},{"link_name":"ordained","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordination"},{"link_name":"Lutheran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism"},{"link_name":"Chatham College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_College"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Theological_Seminary_at_Gettysburg"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-2"},{"link_name":"chaplain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaplain"},{"link_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"Lutheran Church in America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Church_in_America"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"chaplain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaplain"},{"link_name":"ordination of women","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordination_of_women"},{"link_name":"The American Lutheran Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Lutheran_Church"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Barbara Andrews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Andrews_(Lutheran_pastor)"},{"link_name":"Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Evangelical_Lutheran_Churches"},{"link_name":"Evangelical Lutheran Church in America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America"},{"link_name":"Orlando, Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Florida"}],"text":"For the American cancer epidemiologist, see Elizabeth A. Platz. For the spelling contestant, see 83rd Scripps National Spelling Bee.Elizabeth Alvina Platz is an American Lutheran pastor and was the first woman in North America ordained by a Lutheran church body.Platz was born and raised in Pittsburgh, in a family that attended church regularly, but was not religious. She won a scholarship to attend any college in Pittsburgh, and chose to study at Chatham College, where she graduated in 1962 with a degree in history.[1][2] While there, she became interested in studying theology. After graduating, she enrolled at Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, which was the only Lutheran seminary that would accept woman. While the other four women enrolled were all on the education track, Platz was able to persuade the administration to allow her to take on the Bachelors of Divinity program.[2] After graduating in 1965, Platz served as chaplain for the Lutheran Campus Ministry at the University of Maryland, College Park.[1]In 1970, when the Lutheran Church in America (LCA) moved to allow women's ordination, Platz was one of the few women determined to be eligible for ordination immediately.[3] In November 1970, she became the first woman to be ordained into the LCA. She continued to work at the University of Maryland for the rest of her career. While there, she advocated for better conditions for many groups, including graduate students and the custodial staff. She also was devoted to interfaith programming and established a fund in memory of her husband Wofford K. Smith, who had been the university's Episcopal chaplain. Platz retired from UMD in 2012, having worked 47 years as the chaplain at the Lutheran Campus MinistryThe ordination of women, approved earlier that year by both the LCA and The American Lutheran Church (ALC) was controversial.[4] The ALC ordained its first woman as a pastor, Barbara Andrews, in December of the same year. The ALC and LCA merged in 1988 with the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches to form the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA).At the 2005 Churchwide Assembly of the ELCA in Orlando, Florida, a special program was held in honor of the 35 years since Platz's history-making ordination.","title":"Elizabeth Platz"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"The Reverend Elizabeth Platz Smith '62 | Transform Chatham's Future | Chatham University\". plannedgiving.chatham.edu. Retrieved 2023-05-09.","urls":[{"url":"https://plannedgiving.chatham.edu/why-give/donor-stories/reverend-elizabeth-platz-smith-62","url_text":"\"The Reverend Elizabeth Platz Smith '62 | Transform Chatham's Future | Chatham University\""}]},{"reference":"\"Shattering the Lutheran Glass Ceiling\". Maryland Today. Retrieved 2023-05-09.","urls":[{"url":"https://today.umd.edu/shattering-lutheran-glass-ceiling-69581d92-3569-4a40-b32f-e274f1479e15","url_text":"\"Shattering the Lutheran Glass Ceiling\""}]},{"reference":"\"Elizabeth Platz | Fifty Years On: a Half Century of Ordaining Lutheran Women\". Retrieved 2023-05-09.","urls":[{"url":"https://pages.stolaf.edu/lutheranwomensordination/elizabeth-platz/","url_text":"\"Elizabeth Platz | Fifty Years On: a Half Century of Ordaining Lutheran Women\""}]},{"reference":"\"Elizabeth Platz - LCA, 1970\". 2005-04-18. Archived from the original on 2005-04-18. Retrieved 2021-06-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20050418012900/http://www.elca.org/cw/ordination/panel8/8.1.html","url_text":"\"Elizabeth Platz - LCA, 1970\""},{"url":"http://www.elca.org/cw/ordination/panel8/8.1.html","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Aeros_(WHA)
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Houston Aeros (WHA)
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["1 Franchise history","2 Season-by-season record","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"]
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Former ice hockey team of the World Hockey Association
Houston AerosCityHouston, TexasLeagueWorld Hockey AssociationOperated1972–1978Home arenaSam Houston Coliseum (1972–75)The Summit (1975–78)ColorsDark blue, light blue, white Owner(s)Paul Deneau (1972–74)Irvin Kaplan (1974–75)George Bolin (1975–77)Kenneth Schnitzer (1977–78)MediaKHTVKIKKFranchise history1972(did not play)Dayton Aeros1972–1978Houston AerosChampionshipsRegular season titles4: (1974, 1975, 1976, 1977)Division titles4: (1974, 1975, 1976, 1977)Avco Trophy2: (1974, 1975)
The Houston Aeros were a professional ice hockey team in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1972 to 1978.
Franchise history
The Aeros were originally slated to play in Dayton, Ohio, as a charter member of the WHA. However, Dayton residents were indifferent at best to a WHA team, and while there were questions regarding whether a U.S. market with less than a million people and a stagnating economy would support a major league hockey franchise in the long term, the more critical short-term problem was that Dayton did not have a suitable arena. The largest arena in the city, the University of Dayton Arena, did not have an ice plant and the university balked at the cost of installing one. The largest hockey venue, Hara Arena, seated only 5,000 people—not enough even for temporary use. Due to these problems, owner Paul Deneau moved the team to Houston, Texas. Although the Aeros name had originally been chosen in honor of the Wright brothers, it was deemed appropriate for Houston given the importance of the space industry.
In Houston, the Aeros became one of the most successful franchises in the WHA. They won four consecutive Western Division titles, from 1973–74 to 1976–77 seasons, and finished second in the Western Division in 1972–73 and third in the league in 1977–78. They won the AVCO World Trophy in 1974 over the Chicago Cougars and in 1975 over the Quebec Nordiques, winning both series in four-game sweeps; and lost in the 1976 AVCO finals to the Winnipeg Jets, also in a sweep.
In 1977, John Ziegler became president of the WHA's established rival, the National Hockey League, and shortly thereafter, initiated the first serious merger discussions with the WHA. Houston, along with Cincinnati, Winnipeg, New England, Quebec, and Edmonton applied for entry into the NHL. After a lengthy debate, NHL owners voted the proposal down.
Merger discussions resumed in 1978, and it again appeared that the Aeros, as one of the league's strongest teams, were an obvious candidate to join the NHL. Unfortunately for Houston, by this time Ziegler realized NHL owners would never vote to admit six teams and floated a proposal that would admit four WHA franchises. The WHA responded by insisting that all three of its Canadian teams be included in the merger. This left room for only one American team. The Aeros and Whalers were the only serious contenders, as they were the most stable of the American teams. Aeros owner Kenneth Schnitzer attempted to persuade Boston Bruins owner Jeremy Jacobs to support a merger that included the Aeros and not the Hartford-based Whalers. However, Jacobs, as one of the older league's most hard-line owners, was opposed to any sort of merger with the WHA. In any event, Ziegler was cool to the idea of adding another Sun Belt NHL team. Of the three Sun Belt teams that had joined the league since 1967, one (the California Golden Seals) had already relocated and another, the Atlanta Flames) were struggling financially. The Flames, as it turned out, would move to Calgary two years later.
During the final series of talks, it soon became evident that no merger of any sort would take place in time for the 1978–79 NHL season. It was also apparent that when there was a merger, the Aeros were not likely to be included. Schnitzer announced that the Aeros would not take part in the 1978–79 WHA season. He first applied for direct admission to the NHL, only to find the older league uninterested in such an expansion with so many of its existing franchises struggling. Finally, Schnitzer campaigned to be allowed to purchase an existing club and relocate it to Houston. The obvious candidate to move was the Cleveland Barons (the former Golden Seals), who had barely survived the season and were on the verge of folding. Schnitzer believed the older league would accept almost any other proposal as an alternative to the perceived embarrassment of having to disband a franchise, and did come close to a deal to relocate the moribund Barons franchise to Houston. However, the NHL instead opted to approve a proposal from the owners of the Minnesota North Stars to buy the Barons franchise and "merge" it with their own. Having run out of options, Schnitzer folded the Aeros on July 9, 1978. In doing so, the Aeros became the only WHA champion that did not eventually join the NHL.
Bill Dineen was the Aeros' head coach during their entire stay in the WHA. Among the players for the Aeros were Gordie Howe and his two sons Mark and Marty, who became the first father/son combination to play together in professional hockey. When Mark Howe retired as a member of the Detroit Red Wings (his father's old team) in 1995, he was the last member of the Houston Aeros to be playing in the NHL.
Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes
Season
GP
W
L
T
Pts
GF
GA
PIM
Finish
Playoffs
1972–73
78
39
35
4
82
284
269
1363
2nd, Western
Won quarter-final (Sharks) Lost semi-final (Jets)
1973–74
78
48
25
5
101
318
219
1038
1st, Western
Won quarter-final (Jets) Won semi-final (Fighting Saints) Won in Final (Cougars)
1974–75
78
53
25
0
106
369
247
1257
1st, Western
Won quarter-final (Crusaders) Won semi-final (Mariners) Won in Final (Nordiques)
1975–76
80
53
27
0
106
341
263
1093
1st, Western
Won quarter-final (Mariners) Won semi-final (Whalers) Lost in Final (Jets)
1976–77
80
50
24
6
106
320
241
1432
1st, Western
Won quarter-final (Oilers) Lost semi-final (Jets)
1977–78
80
42
34
4
88
296
302
1543
3rd, League
Lost quarter-final (Nordiques)
Totals
474
285
170
19
589
1928
1541
7726
See also
List of WHA seasons
Houston Aeros, the AHL franchise named after the original Aeros
List of Houston Aeros (WHA) players
References
^ a b Allen, Kevin (March 29, 2019). "Houston and Cincinnati in NHL? It almost happened in 1977 when WHA-NHL talked merger". USA Today. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
^ Gabringer, Chuck (2015). Hockey in Dayton. Arcadia Publishing p. 121. ISBN 978-1-4671-1432-5.
^ McNair, Brian (May 16, 2019). "Two-time AVCO World Trophy champion Bill Prentice skates into Oshawa Sports Hall of Fame". Durham Region News. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
^ Reiss, Aaron (July 15, 2016). "Original Aeros brought Hall of Famer and hockey to Houston". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
External links
Aeros All-Time Records on Hockey DB
vteWorld Hockey AssociationTeams
Alberta Oilers
Baltimore Blades
Birmingham Bulls
Calgary Broncos
Calgary Cowboys
Chicago Cougars
Cincinnati Stingers
Cleveland Crusaders
Dayton Aeros
Denver Spurs
Edmonton Oilers
Houston Aeros
Indianapolis Racers
Los Angeles Sharks
Miami Screaming Eagles
Michigan Stags
Minnesota Fighting Saints
New England Whalers
Jersey Knights
New York Raiders/Golden Blades
Ottawa Civics
Ottawa Nationals
Philadelphia Blazers
Phoenix Roadrunners
Quebec Nordiques
San Diego Mariners
San Francisco Sharks
Toronto Toros
Vancouver Blazers
Winnipeg Jets
Trophiesand awards
Avco World Trophy
Gary L. Davidson Award / Gordie Howe Trophy
Bill Hunter Trophy
Lou Kaplan Trophy
Ben Hatskin Trophy
Dennis A. Murphy Trophy
Paul Deneau Trophy
Howard Baldwin Trophy / Robert Schmertz Memorial Trophy
WHA Playoff MVP
Related articles: List of WHA seasons
List of WHA players
WHA Amateur Draft
NHL–WHA merger
North American Hockey League
Broadcasters
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ice hockey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey"},{"link_name":"World Hockey Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Hockey_Association"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-merger-1"}],"text":"The Houston Aeros were a professional ice hockey team in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1972 to 1978.[1]","title":"Houston Aeros (WHA)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dayton, Ohio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"stagnating economy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust_Belt"},{"link_name":"University of Dayton Arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Dayton_Arena"},{"link_name":"Hara Arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hara_Arena"},{"link_name":"Houston, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gabringer-2"},{"link_name":"Wright brothers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers"},{"link_name":"1973–74","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%E2%80%9374_WHA_season"},{"link_name":"1976–77","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976%E2%80%9377_WHA_season"},{"link_name":"1972–73","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%E2%80%9373_WHA_season"},{"link_name":"1977–78","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977%E2%80%9378_WHA_season"},{"link_name":"AVCO World Trophy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVCO_World_Trophy"},{"link_name":"1974","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%E2%80%9374_WHA_season"},{"link_name":"Chicago Cougars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Cougars"},{"link_name":"1975","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375_WHA_season"},{"link_name":"Quebec Nordiques","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Nordiques"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Prentice-3"},{"link_name":"John Ziegler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ziegler_(ice_hockey)"},{"link_name":"National Hockey League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_League"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-merger-1"},{"link_name":"Cincinnati","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_Stingers"},{"link_name":"Winnipeg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnipeg_Jets_(1972%E2%80%9396)"},{"link_name":"New England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Whalers"},{"link_name":"Quebec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Nordiques"},{"link_name":"Edmonton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton_Oilers"},{"link_name":"Boston Bruins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Bruins"},{"link_name":"Jeremy Jacobs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Jacobs"},{"link_name":"Sun Belt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Belt"},{"link_name":"California Golden Seals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Golden_Seals"},{"link_name":"Atlanta Flames","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_Flames"},{"link_name":"move to Calgary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary_Flames"},{"link_name":"1978–79 NHL season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978%E2%80%9379_NHL_season"},{"link_name":"1978–79 WHA season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978%E2%80%9379_WHA_season"},{"link_name":"Cleveland Barons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Barons_(NHL)"},{"link_name":"Minnesota North Stars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_North_Stars"},{"link_name":"Bill Dineen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Dineen"},{"link_name":"Gordie Howe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordie_Howe"},{"link_name":"Mark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Howe"},{"link_name":"Marty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marty_Howe"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hall-4"},{"link_name":"Detroit Red Wings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings"}],"text":"The Aeros were originally slated to play in Dayton, Ohio, as a charter member of the WHA. However, Dayton residents were indifferent at best to a WHA team, and while there were questions regarding whether a U.S. market with less than a million people and a stagnating economy would support a major league hockey franchise in the long term, the more critical short-term problem was that Dayton did not have a suitable arena. The largest arena in the city, the University of Dayton Arena, did not have an ice plant and the university balked at the cost of installing one. The largest hockey venue, Hara Arena, seated only 5,000 people—not enough even for temporary use. Due to these problems, owner Paul Deneau moved the team to Houston, Texas.[2] Although the Aeros name had originally been chosen in honor of the Wright brothers, it was deemed appropriate for Houston given the importance of the space industry.In Houston, the Aeros became one of the most successful franchises in the WHA. They won four consecutive Western Division titles, from 1973–74 to 1976–77 seasons, and finished second in the Western Division in 1972–73 and third in the league in 1977–78. They won the AVCO World Trophy in 1974 over the Chicago Cougars and in 1975 over the Quebec Nordiques, winning both series in four-game sweeps;[3] and lost in the 1976 AVCO finals to the Winnipeg Jets, also in a sweep.In 1977, John Ziegler became president of the WHA's established rival, the National Hockey League, and shortly thereafter, initiated the first serious merger discussions with the WHA.[1] Houston, along with Cincinnati, Winnipeg, New England, Quebec, and Edmonton applied for entry into the NHL. After a lengthy debate, NHL owners voted the proposal down.Merger discussions resumed in 1978, and it again appeared that the Aeros, as one of the league's strongest teams, were an obvious candidate to join the NHL. Unfortunately for Houston, by this time Ziegler realized NHL owners would never vote to admit six teams and floated a proposal that would admit four WHA franchises. The WHA responded by insisting that all three of its Canadian teams be included in the merger. This left room for only one American team. The Aeros and Whalers were the only serious contenders, as they were the most stable of the American teams. Aeros owner Kenneth Schnitzer attempted to persuade Boston Bruins owner Jeremy Jacobs to support a merger that included the Aeros and not the Hartford-based Whalers. However, Jacobs, as one of the older league's most hard-line owners, was opposed to any sort of merger with the WHA. In any event, Ziegler was cool to the idea of adding another Sun Belt NHL team. Of the three Sun Belt teams that had joined the league since 1967, one (the California Golden Seals) had already relocated and another, the Atlanta Flames) were struggling financially. The Flames, as it turned out, would move to Calgary two years later.During the final series of talks, it soon became evident that no merger of any sort would take place in time for the 1978–79 NHL season. It was also apparent that when there was a merger, the Aeros were not likely to be included. Schnitzer announced that the Aeros would not take part in the 1978–79 WHA season. He first applied for direct admission to the NHL, only to find the older league uninterested in such an expansion with so many of its existing franchises struggling. Finally, Schnitzer campaigned to be allowed to purchase an existing club and relocate it to Houston. The obvious candidate to move was the Cleveland Barons (the former Golden Seals), who had barely survived the season and were on the verge of folding. Schnitzer believed the older league would accept almost any other proposal as an alternative to the perceived embarrassment of having to disband a franchise, and did come close to a deal to relocate the moribund Barons franchise to Houston. However, the NHL instead opted to approve a proposal from the owners of the Minnesota North Stars to buy the Barons franchise and \"merge\" it with their own. Having run out of options, Schnitzer folded the Aeros on July 9, 1978. In doing so, the Aeros became the only WHA champion that did not eventually join the NHL.Bill Dineen was the Aeros' head coach during their entire stay in the WHA. Among the players for the Aeros were Gordie Howe and his two sons Mark and Marty, who became the first father/son combination to play together in professional hockey.[4] When Mark Howe retired as a member of the Detroit Red Wings (his father's old team) in 1995, he was the last member of the Houston Aeros to be playing in the NHL.","title":"Franchise history"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes","title":"Season-by-season record"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"List of WHA seasons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_WHA_seasons"},{"title":"Houston Aeros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Aeros_(1994%E2%80%932013)"},{"title":"List of Houston Aeros (WHA) players","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Houston_Aeros_(WHA)_players"}]
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[{"reference":"Allen, Kevin (March 29, 2019). \"Houston and Cincinnati in NHL? It almost happened in 1977 when WHA-NHL talked merger\". USA Today. Retrieved August 7, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nhl/columnist/allen/2019/03/29/nhl-wha-merger-howard-baldwin/3299347002/","url_text":"\"Houston and Cincinnati in NHL? It almost happened in 1977 when WHA-NHL talked merger\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today","url_text":"USA Today"}]},{"reference":"Gabringer, Chuck (2015). Hockey in Dayton. Arcadia Publishing p. 121. ISBN 978-1-4671-1432-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadia_Publishing","url_text":"Arcadia Publishing"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4671-1432-5","url_text":"978-1-4671-1432-5"}]},{"reference":"McNair, Brian (May 16, 2019). \"Two-time AVCO World Trophy champion Bill Prentice skates into Oshawa Sports Hall of Fame\". Durham Region News. Retrieved August 7, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.durhamregion.com/community-story/9355967-two-time-avco-world-trophy-champion-bill-prentice-skates-into-oshawa-sports-hall-of-fame/","url_text":"\"Two-time AVCO World Trophy champion Bill Prentice skates into Oshawa Sports Hall of Fame\""}]},{"reference":"Reiss, Aaron (July 15, 2016). \"Original Aeros brought Hall of Famer and hockey to Houston\". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved August 7, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.chron.com/local/history/sports/article/Original-Aeros-brought-Hall-of-Famer-Gordie-Howe-8379570.php","url_text":"\"Original Aeros brought Hall of Famer and hockey to Houston\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Chronicle","url_text":"Houston Chronicle"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nhl/columnist/allen/2019/03/29/nhl-wha-merger-howard-baldwin/3299347002/","external_links_name":"\"Houston and Cincinnati in NHL? It almost happened in 1977 when WHA-NHL talked merger\""},{"Link":"https://www.durhamregion.com/community-story/9355967-two-time-avco-world-trophy-champion-bill-prentice-skates-into-oshawa-sports-hall-of-fame/","external_links_name":"\"Two-time AVCO World Trophy champion Bill Prentice skates into Oshawa Sports Hall of Fame\""},{"Link":"https://www.chron.com/local/history/sports/article/Original-Aeros-brought-Hall-of-Famer-Gordie-Howe-8379570.php","external_links_name":"\"Original Aeros brought Hall of Famer and hockey to Houston\""},{"Link":"http://hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/ttotdisplay.php3?tid=246","external_links_name":"Aeros All-Time Records on Hockey DB"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BC_Fan
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Lü Fan
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["1 Early life","2 Career under Sun Ce","3 Career under Sun Quan","4 Appraisal","5 Family","6 See also","7 References"]
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Military general serving warlord Sun Quan (died 228)
This article is about a Chinese politician in the Three Kingdoms period in Feudal China. For a Chinese diplomat, see Lü Fan (diplomat).
Lü Fan呂範Grand Marshal (大司馬)In office228MonarchSun QuanChancellorGu YongGovernor of Yang Province (揚州牧)In office223 (223)–228 (228)MonarchSun QuanChancellorSun Shao (222–225)Gu Yong (from 225)General of the Vanguard (前將軍)In office222 or earlier (222 or earlier) – 228 (228)MonarchSun QuanChancellorSun Shao (222–225)Gu Yong (from 225)Administrator of Danyang (丹楊太守)In office220 (220) – 222 or earlier (222 or earlier)General Who Establishes Might (建威將軍)In office220 (220) – 222 or earlier (222 or earlier)General Who Pacifies the South (平南將軍)In office? (?)–220 (220)Administrator of Pengze (彭澤太守)In office209 (209)–? (?)
Personal detailsBornUnknownTaihe County, AnhuiDied228SpouseLady LiuChildrenunnamed first sonLü JuOccupationMilitary general, politicianCourtesy nameZiheng (子衡)PeerageMarquis of Nanchang(南昌侯)
In this Chinese name, the family name is Lü.
Lü Fan (died 228), courtesy name Ziheng, was a Chinese military general and politician serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He continued serving in the state of Eastern Wu during the early Three Kingdoms period.
Early life
Lü Fan was from Xiyang County (細陽縣), Runan Commandery (汝南郡), which is around present-day Taihe County, Anhui. He married a woman from a certain Liu family. He started his career as a minor official under the warlord Yuan Shu. During this time, he met Sun Ce, a general under Yuan Shu, and became close friends with him. Since then, he had accompanied Sun Ce on the battles he fought under Yuan Shu's banner, and later in the battles that Sun Ce fought as a warlord in his own right.
It is said that Lü Fan recommended himself to Sun Ce through a game of weiqi – after Sun Ce made a bad opening move, Lü Fan capitalised on it and pointed out the mistake. Sun Ce was suitably impressed and offered Lü Fan a post. Rather than accept a high and lofty position, however, Lü Fan insisted upon remaining in a low one where he could more effectively manage troops. Sun Ce was further impressed and since then the two became inseparable. The game of weiqi in question, called the "Sun-Lü Game", is purported to be the first weiqi game to be recorded move for move, but many scholars doubt its authenticity. After this, Lü Fan was appointed as a Chief Controller.
Career under Sun Ce
At one point during the beginning of Sun Ce's career as a warlord, he sent Lü Fan to fetch his family from Guangling Commandery in Xu Province to his new base in Qu'e County. Tao Qian, the Governor of Xu Province, despised Sun Ce and wanted to have Lü Fan arrested as a spy and tortured, but some of his retainers freed Lü Fan and helped him escape from Guangling Commandery with Sun Ce's family. Sun Ce trusted Lü Fan so highly that he treated him like a member of the Sun family and even allowed Lü Fan to dine in the presence of his mother, Lady Wu.
Lü Fan was third only to Cheng Pu and Xu Kun in terms of merit, having followed Sun Ce in his conquests in the Jiangdong region from 194 to 199. His unit defeated and killed Yan Baihu's subordinate, Chen Mu. However, Lü Fan was concerned about the quality of Sun Ce's army. He feared that though their forces had grown, it comprised mostly untrained rabble with just a few veterans supporting them. Lü Fan believed that such an army could achieve limited success at best. As such, he requested that Sun Ce transfer him to his personal staff and make him the commander of his forces. At the time a marshal was simply a minor staff officer responsible for training and drilling the troops. As he saw that this was a demotion for Lü Fan, Sun Ce tried to talk Lü Fan out of it, but the latter insisted and managed to convince Sun Ce to agree to his request. Lü Fan thus took charge of training Sun Ce's troops. As Sun Ce was the supreme commander of the military forces in the Jiangdong region, Lü Fan's authority extended to the units under the command of Sun Ce's subordinates, effectively giving him control over the entire military administration in Jiangdong.
In 197, when Yuan Shu declared himself emperor – an act deemed treasonous against the figurehead Emperor Xian of the Han dynasty – Sun Ce broke ties with Yuan Shu and joined other warlords in a two-year-long campaign against the pretender. Chen Yu, who was sent by the warlord Cao Cao to assist Sun Ce in the campaign against Yuan Shu, secretly plotted to destroy Sun Ce from within. However, Sun Ce sensed Chen Yu's intentions and sent Lü Fan to deal with him. Lü Fan defeated Chen Yu in battle and forced him to retreat north.
Around 199, after defeating Yuan Shu's remnants, the minor warlord Liu Xun, as well as Huang Zu and Liu Biao at the Battle of Sha County, Sun Ce wrote a memorial to the Han central government to recommend Lü Fan to be the Administrator of Guiyang Commandery, among other things.
Career under Sun Quan
Following Sun Ce's death in the year 200, his younger brother Sun Quan succeeded him and took control over his territories and forces in the Jiangdong region. In 208, the warlord Cao Cao, who controlled the Han central government, led a massive army to attack his rivals, Liu Bei and Sun Quan, in southern China. Sun Quan heeded the advice of Zhou Yu and Lu Su, and decided to ally with Liu Bei against Cao Cao. Lü Fan participated in the Battle of Red Cliffs in the winter of 208–209 under Zhou Yu's command; the allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao's larger army in this decisive battle. After the victory at Red Cliffs, Liu Bei visited Sun Quan at his capital. While he was there, Lu Fan secretly advised Sun Quan to have Liu Bei keep as an hostage however Sun Quan refused.
Lü Fan continued serving under Sun Quan after the end of the Eastern Han dynasty in 220. Although Sun Quan initially agreed to be a vassal king under the Cao Wei state (established by Cao Cao's successor Cao Pi), he broke ties with Cao Pi and declared independence in 222 as the ruler of his own Eastern Wu regime.
In 223, Lü Fan led the Wu forces during the Battle of Dongkou against Wei forces led by Cao Xiu and Zang Ba. The situation was highly unfavourable for Wu at the beginning: the Wu fleet came under heavy attack and much of the fleet was destroyed in a storm. To add on to their troubles, Sun Lang, a younger half-brother of Sun Quan, accidentally burnt down the Wu forces' supply of food and weaponry. However, due to the efforts of Lü Fan's subordinates Sun Shao and Xu Sheng, the Wu forces were able to stage a counterattack and barely win the battle.
After the Battle of Dongkou, Sun Quan appointed Lü Fan as the Governor of Yang Province. In 228, he further promoted Lü Fan to the position of Grand Marshal, but Lü Fan, who was already critically ill then, died of illness before assuming his new appointment. Sun Quan wept bitterly upon learning of Lü Fan's death and called his name repeatedly.
Appraisal
Lü Fan as a man was friendly and possessed majestic apparence. Even the men put in charge of whole province such as Lu Xun (Eastern Wu) and Quan Cong would show great reverence toward him. At the time, his depense for his house and clothes were extravagant yet he was diligent and assiduous in his duties therefore Sun Quan was pleased by his merits and wasn't bothered by his excess.
Like his brother before him, Sun Quan highly trusted Lü Fan even though they previously had some disagreements – Sun Quan, being young and foolhardy, often embezzled official funds for his personal interests and expected Lü Fan to cover up for him. Lü Fan, however, remained honest and reported Sun Quan's behaviour to Sun Ce, causing Sun Quan to dislike him. Nevertheless, as Sun Quan grew older and became more mature, he started to see Lü Fan in a different light and admired his honesty.
Family
Lü Fan had at least two sons. The elder one, whose name is not recorded in history, died early. The younger one, Lü Ju, inherited his father's marquis title and rose through the ranks to become General of Agile Cavalry (驃騎將軍) during the reign of the second Wu emperor, Sun Liang.
See also
Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
References
^ (時唯範與孫河常從策，跋涉辛苦，危難不避，策亦親戚待之，每與升堂，飲宴於太妃前。) Sanguozhi vol. 56.
^ (江表傳曰：策從容獨與範棋，範曰：「今將軍事業日大，士眾日盛，範在遠，聞綱紀猶有不整者，範願蹔領都督，佐將軍部分之。」策曰：「子衡，卿既士大夫，加手下已有大眾，立功於外，豈宜復屈小職，知軍中細碎事乎！」範曰：「不然。今捨本土而託將軍者，非為妻子也，欲濟世務。猶同舟涉海，一事不牢，即俱受其敗。此亦範計，非但將軍也。」策笑，無以答。範出，更釋〈衤冓〉，著蔥褶，執鞭，詣閤下啟事，自稱領都督，策乃授傳，委以眾事。由是軍中肅睦，威禁大行。) Jiang Biao Zhuan annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 56.
^ (後避亂壽春，孫策見而異之，範遂自委昵，將私客百人歸策。時太妃在江都，策遣範迎之。徐州牧陶謙謂範為袁氏覘候，諷縣掠考範，範親客健兒篡取以歸。) Sanguozhi vol. 56.
^ (後從策攻破廬江，還俱東渡，到橫江、當利，破張英、于麋，下小丹楊、湖孰，領湖孰相。策定秣陵、曲阿，收笮融、劉繇餘眾，增範兵二千，騎五十匹。) Sanguozhi vol. 56.
^ (是時下邳陳瑀自號吳郡太守，住海西，與彊族嚴白虎交通。策自將討虎，別遣範與徐逸攻瑀於海西，梟其大將陳牧。) Sanguozhi vol. 56.
^ (後領宛陵令，討破丹楊賊，還吳，遷都督。) Sanguozhi vol. 56.
^ (策薨，奔喪于吳。後權復征江夏，範與張昭留守。曹公至赤壁，與周瑜等俱拒破之，拜裨將軍，領彭澤太守，以彭澤、柴桑、歷陽為奉邑。劉備詣京見權，範密請留備。後遷平南將軍，屯柴桑。) Sanguozhi vol. 56.
^ (曹休、張遼、臧霸等來伐，範督徐盛、全琮、孫韶等，以舟師拒休等於洞口。遷前將軍，假節，改封南昌侯。時遭大風，船人覆溺，死者數千，還軍，拜揚州牧。) Sanguozhi vol. 56.
^ (黃武七年，範遷大司馬，印綬未下，疾卒。權素服舉哀，遣使者追贈印綬。及還都建業，權過範墓呼曰：「子衡！」言及流涕，祀以太牢。) Sanguozhi vol. 56.
^ (性好威儀，州民如陸遜、全琮及貴公子，皆脩敬虔肅，不敢輕脫。其居處服飾，於時奢靡，然勤事奉法，故權悅其忠，不怪其侈。) Sanguozhi vol. 56.
^ (初策使範典主財計，權時年少，私從有求，範必關白，不敢專許，當時以此見望。權守陽羨長，有所私用，策或料覆，功曹周谷輒為傅著簿書，使無譴問。權臨時悅之，及後統事，以範忠誠，厚見信任，以谷能欺更簿書，不用也。) Sanguozhi vol. 56.
Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
de Crespigny, Rafe (1990). Generals of the South. Canberra: National Library of Australia. ISBN 0-7315-0901-3.
Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
vteProminent people of Eastern WuEmperors
Sun Quan
Sun Liang
Sun Xiu
Sun Hao
Empresses and noblewomen
Lady Xie
Lady Xu
Pan Shu
Bu Lianshi
Empress Dayi
Empress Jinghuai
Quan Huijie
Empress Zhu
Empress Dowager He
Teng Fanglan
Lady Zhang
Princes, princesses and royal figures
Sun Deng
Sun Lü
Sun He
Sun Ba
Sun Fen
Sun Luban
Sun Luyu
Sun Huan (Shuwu)
Sun Shao
Chancellors
Sun Shao
Gu Yong
Lu Xun
Bu Zhi
Zhu Ju
Sun Jun
Sun Chen
Puyang Xing
Lu Kai
Wan Yu
Zhang Ti
Civil officers
Cai Kuan
Cen Hun
Cheng Bing
Ding Gu
Feng Xi
Gu Cheng
Gu Tan
Gu Ti
He Shao
He Zhi
Hu Zong
Hua He
Huang Xiang
Ji Yan
Ji Zhi
Kan Ze
Li Heng
Li Su
Liu Dun
Liu Ji
Lou Xuan
Lu Mao
Lü Yi
Meng Zong
Pan Jun
Pan Zhu
Quan Shang
Si Dun
Shen Heng
Shi Wei
Shi Xie
Shi Yi
Sun Hong
Tang Gu
Wang Fan
Wei Zhao
Wu Can
Wu Fan
Wei Jing
Wei Teng
Xie Ci
Xie Jing
Xue Zong
Yan Jun
Yin Li
Yu Fan
Yu Si
Yu Zhong
Yuan Ye
Zhang Dun
Zhang Wen
Zhang Yan
Zhang Zhao
Zhao Da
Zhao Zi
Zheng Quan
Zhi Chong
Zhou Zhao
Military officers
Chen Biao
Chen Chi
Cheng Pu
Ding Feng
Fan Shen
Gu Yu
Guo Ma
Han Dang
Hao Pu
He Qi
Hua Rong
Liang Yu
Ling Tong
Liu Lue
Liu Zan
Lu Jing
Lu Kang
Lu Yin
Lü Dai
Lü Ju
Lü Fan
Luo Tong
Mi Fang
Nie You
Pan Zhang
Quan Cong
Shao Chou
Shi Ji
Song Qian
Tang Zi
Tao Huang
Tao Jun
Teng Xiu
Teng Yin
Wen Qin
Wen Yang
Wu Yan
Xie Yuan
Xu Biao
Xu Ling
Xu Sheng
Xue Xu
Xu Xiang
Xue Ying
Yin You
Yuan Kan
Zhang Bu
Zhang Cheng
Zhang Fen
Zhang Xiu
Zhongli Mu
Zhou Chu
Zhou Fang
Zhou Tai
Zhu Cai
Zhu Huan
Zhu Ran
Zhu Yi
Zhu Zhi
Zhuge Jin
Zhuge Jing
Zhuge Ke
Zhuge Rong
Others women
Lady Sun (Sun Jian's sister)
Sun Hanhua
Lady Zhao
Lady Sun (Yu clan)
Lu Yusheng
Lady Xu
Others
Cao Buxing
Chen Zhuo
Ge Xuan
Kang Tai
Lu Ji
Zhang Bing
Zhang Chang
Zhi Qian
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
Poland
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lü Fan (diplomat)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BC_Fan_(diplomat)"},{"link_name":"Chinese name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_name"},{"link_name":"family name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_surname"},{"link_name":"Lü","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BC_(surname)"},{"link_name":"courtesy name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtesy_name"},{"link_name":"Sun Quan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Quan"},{"link_name":"Eastern Han dynasty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Han_dynasty"},{"link_name":"Eastern Wu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Wu"},{"link_name":"Three Kingdoms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms"}],"text":"This article is about a Chinese politician in the Three Kingdoms period in Feudal China. For a Chinese diplomat, see Lü Fan (diplomat).In this Chinese name, the family name is Lü.Lü Fan (died 228), courtesy name Ziheng, was a Chinese military general and politician serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He continued serving in the state of Eastern Wu during the early Three Kingdoms period.","title":"Lü Fan"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Runan Commandery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runan_Commandery"},{"link_name":"Taihe County, Anhui","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taihe_County,_Anhui"},{"link_name":"Yuan Shu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_Shu"},{"link_name":"Sun Ce","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Ce"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"weiqi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(board_game)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Lü Fan was from Xiyang County (細陽縣), Runan Commandery (汝南郡), which is around present-day Taihe County, Anhui. He married a woman from a certain Liu family. He started his career as a minor official under the warlord Yuan Shu. During this time, he met Sun Ce, a general under Yuan Shu, and became close friends with him. Since then, he had accompanied Sun Ce on the battles he fought under Yuan Shu's banner, and later in the battles that Sun Ce fought as a warlord in his own right.[1]It is said that Lü Fan recommended himself to Sun Ce through a game of weiqi – after Sun Ce made a bad opening move, Lü Fan capitalised on it and pointed out the mistake. Sun Ce was suitably impressed and offered Lü Fan a post. Rather than accept a high and lofty position, however, Lü Fan insisted upon remaining in a low one where he could more effectively manage troops. Sun Ce was further impressed and since then the two became inseparable. The game of weiqi in question, called the \"Sun-Lü Game\", is purported to be the first weiqi game to be recorded move for move, but many scholars doubt its authenticity. After this, Lü Fan was appointed as a Chief Controller.[2]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Guangling Commandery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangling_Commandery"},{"link_name":"Xu Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu_Province"},{"link_name":"Tao Qian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao_Qian_(Han_dynasty)"},{"link_name":"retainers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retainers_in_early_China_(social_group)"},{"link_name":"Lady Wu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Wu_(Sun_Jian%27s_wife)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Cheng Pu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng_Pu"},{"link_name":"his conquests","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Ce%27s_conquests_in_Jiangdong"},{"link_name":"Jiangdong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiangnan"},{"link_name":"Yan Baihu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_Baihu"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Emperor Xian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han"},{"link_name":"campaign","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_against_Yuan_Shu"},{"link_name":"pretender","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretender"},{"link_name":"Cao Cao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Cao"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Liu Xun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xun_(warlord)"},{"link_name":"Huang Zu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_Zu"},{"link_name":"Liu Biao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Biao"},{"link_name":"memorial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_to_the_throne"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"At one point during the beginning of Sun Ce's career as a warlord, he sent Lü Fan to fetch his family from Guangling Commandery in Xu Province to his new base in Qu'e County. Tao Qian, the Governor of Xu Province, despised Sun Ce and wanted to have Lü Fan arrested as a spy and tortured, but some of his retainers freed Lü Fan and helped him escape from Guangling Commandery with Sun Ce's family. Sun Ce trusted Lü Fan so highly that he treated him like a member of the Sun family and even allowed Lü Fan to dine in the presence of his mother, Lady Wu.[3]Lü Fan was third only to Cheng Pu and Xu Kun in terms of merit, having followed Sun Ce in his conquests in the Jiangdong region from 194 to 199. His unit defeated and killed Yan Baihu's subordinate, Chen Mu. However, Lü Fan was concerned about the quality of Sun Ce's army. He feared that though their forces had grown, it comprised mostly untrained rabble with just a few veterans supporting them. Lü Fan believed that such an army could achieve limited success at best. As such, he requested that Sun Ce transfer him to his personal staff and make him the commander of his forces. At the time a marshal was simply a minor staff officer responsible for training and drilling the troops. As he saw that this was a demotion for Lü Fan, Sun Ce tried to talk Lü Fan out of it, but the latter insisted and managed to convince Sun Ce to agree to his request. Lü Fan thus took charge of training Sun Ce's troops. As Sun Ce was the supreme commander of the military forces in the Jiangdong region, Lü Fan's authority extended to the units under the command of Sun Ce's subordinates, effectively giving him control over the entire military administration in Jiangdong.[4]In 197, when Yuan Shu declared himself emperor – an act deemed treasonous against the figurehead Emperor Xian of the Han dynasty – Sun Ce broke ties with Yuan Shu and joined other warlords in a two-year-long campaign against the pretender. Chen Yu, who was sent by the warlord Cao Cao to assist Sun Ce in the campaign against Yuan Shu, secretly plotted to destroy Sun Ce from within. However, Sun Ce sensed Chen Yu's intentions and sent Lü Fan to deal with him. Lü Fan defeated Chen Yu in battle and forced him to retreat north.[5]Around 199, after defeating Yuan Shu's remnants, the minor warlord Liu Xun, as well as Huang Zu and Liu Biao at the Battle of Sha County, Sun Ce wrote a memorial to the Han central government to recommend Lü Fan to be the Administrator of Guiyang Commandery, among other things.[6]","title":"Career under Sun Ce"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sun Quan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Quan"},{"link_name":"Jiangdong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiangnan"},{"link_name":"Cao Cao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Cao"},{"link_name":"Liu Bei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Bei"},{"link_name":"Lu Su","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu_Su"},{"link_name":"Battle of Red Cliffs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Red_Cliffs"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"vassal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassal"},{"link_name":"Cao Wei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Wei"},{"link_name":"Cao Pi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Pi"},{"link_name":"Eastern Wu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Wu"},{"link_name":"Battle of Dongkou","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Dongkou"},{"link_name":"Cao Xiu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Xiu"},{"link_name":"Zang Ba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zang_Ba"},{"link_name":"Sun Lang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Lang"},{"link_name":"Sun Shao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Shao_(general)"},{"link_name":"Xu Sheng","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu_Sheng"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Yang Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Province"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Following Sun Ce's death in the year 200, his younger brother Sun Quan succeeded him and took control over his territories and forces in the Jiangdong region. In 208, the warlord Cao Cao, who controlled the Han central government, led a massive army to attack his rivals, Liu Bei and Sun Quan, in southern China. Sun Quan heeded the advice of Zhou Yu and Lu Su, and decided to ally with Liu Bei against Cao Cao. Lü Fan participated in the Battle of Red Cliffs in the winter of 208–209 under Zhou Yu's command; the allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao's larger army in this decisive battle. After the victory at Red Cliffs, Liu Bei visited Sun Quan at his capital. While he was there, Lu Fan secretly advised Sun Quan to have Liu Bei keep as an hostage however Sun Quan refused.[7]Lü Fan continued serving under Sun Quan after the end of the Eastern Han dynasty in 220. Although Sun Quan initially agreed to be a vassal king under the Cao Wei state (established by Cao Cao's successor Cao Pi), he broke ties with Cao Pi and declared independence in 222 as the ruler of his own Eastern Wu regime.In 223, Lü Fan led the Wu forces during the Battle of Dongkou against Wei forces led by Cao Xiu and Zang Ba. The situation was highly unfavourable for Wu at the beginning: the Wu fleet came under heavy attack and much of the fleet was destroyed in a storm. To add on to their troubles, Sun Lang, a younger half-brother of Sun Quan, accidentally burnt down the Wu forces' supply of food and weaponry. However, due to the efforts of Lü Fan's subordinates Sun Shao and Xu Sheng, the Wu forces were able to stage a counterattack and barely win the battle.[8]After the Battle of Dongkou, Sun Quan appointed Lü Fan as the Governor of Yang Province. In 228, he further promoted Lü Fan to the position of Grand Marshal, but Lü Fan, who was already critically ill then, died of illness before assuming his new appointment. Sun Quan wept bitterly upon learning of Lü Fan's death and called his name repeatedly.[9]","title":"Career under Sun Quan"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lu Xun (Eastern Wu)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu_Xun_(Eastern_Wu)"},{"link_name":"Quan Cong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quan_Cong"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"text":"Lü Fan as a man was friendly and possessed majestic apparence. Even the men put in charge of whole province such as Lu Xun (Eastern Wu) and Quan Cong would show great reverence toward him. At the time, his depense for his house and clothes were extravagant yet he was diligent and assiduous in his duties therefore Sun Quan was pleased by his merits and wasn't bothered by his excess.[10]Like his brother before him, Sun Quan highly trusted Lü Fan even though they previously had some disagreements – Sun Quan, being young and foolhardy, often embezzled official funds for his personal interests and expected Lü Fan to cover up for him. Lü Fan, however, remained honest and reported Sun Quan's behaviour to Sun Ce, causing Sun Quan to dislike him. Nevertheless, as Sun Quan grew older and became more mature, he started to see Lü Fan in a different light and admired his honesty.[11]","title":"Appraisal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lü Ju","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BC_Ju"},{"link_name":"Sun Liang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Liang"}],"text":"Lü Fan had at least two sons. The elder one, whose name is not recorded in history, died early. The younger one, Lü Ju, inherited his father's marquis title and rose through the ranks to become General of Agile Cavalry (驃騎將軍) during the reign of the second Wu emperor, Sun Liang.","title":"Family"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_people_of_the_Three_Kingdoms"}]
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[{"reference":"de Crespigny, Rafe (1990). Generals of the South. Canberra: National Library of Australia. ISBN 0-7315-0901-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafe_de_Crespigny","url_text":"de Crespigny, Rafe"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7315-0901-3","url_text":"0-7315-0901-3"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/315597226","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811250744605606","external_links_name":"Poland"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_All-Ireland_Senior_Club_Football_Championship
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2023–24 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
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["1 Teams","2 Connacht Senior Club Football Championship","2.1 Connacht quarter-finals","2.2 Connacht semi-finals","2.3 Connacht final","3 Leinster Senior Club Football Championship","3.1 Leinster first round","3.2 Leinster quarter-finals","3.3 Leinster semi-finals","3.4 Leinster final","4 Munster Senior Club Football Championship","4.1 Munster quarter-finals","4.2 Munster semi-finals","4.3 Munster final","5 Ulster Senior Club Football Championship","5.1 Ulster preliminary round","5.2 Ulster quarter-finals","5.3 Ulster semi-finals","5.4 Ulster final","6 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship","6.1 All-Ireland semi-finals","6.2 All-Ireland final","7 Championship statistics","7.1 Top scorers","7.2 Miscellaneous","8 References"]
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Gaelic football competition
2023–24 All-Ireland Senior Club Football ChampionshipDates21 October 2023 – 21 January 2024Teams32SponsorAllied Irish BanksChampions Glen (1st title)Connor Carville (captain)Malachy O'Rourke (manager)Runners-up St Brigid'sPaul McGrath (captain)Jerome Stack (manager)Tournament statisticsMatches played31Goals scored53 (1.71 per match)Points scored648 (20.9 per match)Top scorer(s) Brian Hurley (Castlehaven) (1-27)Provincial ChampionsMunster CastlehavenLeinster Kilmacud CrokesUlster GlenConnacht St Brigid's
← 2022–23 (Previous)
(Next) 2024–25 →
The 2023–24 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 53rd staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club Gaelic football tournament. The draws for the respective provincial championships took place at various stages. The championship ran from 21 October 2023 to 21 January 2024.
Kilmacud Crokes were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Glen in the All-Ireland semi-final.
The All-Ireland final was played on 21 January 2024 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Glen of Derry and St Brigid's of Roscommon, in what was their first ever championship meeting. Glen won the match by 2-10 to 1-12 to claim their first ever All-Ireland title.
Castlehaven's Brian Hurley was the championship's top scorer with 1-27.
Teams
Team
County
Captain(s)
Manager
Most recent success
All-Ireland
Provincial
County
Ballina Stephenites
Mayo
Mike MurrayDylan Thornton
Niall Heffernan
2005
2007
2007
Blessington
Wicklow
Kevin Hanlon
Brian Cardiff
2021
Castlehaven
Cork
Mark Collins
James McCarthy
1997
2013
Clonmel Commercials
Tipperary
Séamus Kennedy
Tommy Morrissey
2015
2022
Coolera/Strandhill
Sligo
Peter Laffey
Adrian McPartland
2005
Corofin
Galway
Dylan McHugh
Kevin Johnson
2020
2019
2019
Cratloe
Clare
Kevin Harnett
Colm Collins
2014
Crossmaglen Rangers
Armagh
Jamie Clarke
Anthony Cunningham
2012
2015
2022
Derrygonnelly Harps
Fermanagh
Shane McGullion
Seán Flanagan
2021
Dingle
Kerry
Paul Geaney
Pádraig Corcoran
1948
Éire Óg
Carlow
Jordan Morrissey
Turlough O'Brien
1998
2020
Erin's Own
Antrim
James Laverty
Ronan Devlin
2022
Fulham Irish
London
Michael Clarke
Lorcan Mulvey
2020
Glen
Derry
Connor Carville
Malachy O'Rourke
2022
2022
Gowna
Cavan
Ryan McGahern
Fintan ReillyDermot McCabe
2022
Kilcoo
Down
Darryl BranaganAaron Morgan
Karl Lacey
2022
2021
2022
Killoe Young Emmets
Longford
Cian Farrelly
Luke Dempsey
2020
Kilmacud Crokes
Dublin
Shane Cunningham
Robbie Brennan
2023
2022
2022
Mohill
Leitrim
Shane Quinn
Eamonn O'Hara
2020
Naas
Kildare
Eoin Doyle
Joe Murphy
2022
Naomh Conaill
Donegal
Ultan Doherty
Martin Regan
2022
Newcastle West
Limerick
Iain Corbett
Jimmy Lee
2022
Rathgormack
Waterford
Willie Hahessy
Kenny Hassett
2019
Scotstown
Monaghan
David McCague
Damien McArdle
1989
2021
St Loman's
Westmeath
John Heslin
Declan Kelly
2021
Shelmaliers
Wexford
Eoghan Nolan
Ronan Joyce
2021
St Brigid's
Roscommon
Mark DalyPaul McGrath
Jerome Stack
2013
2012
2020
St Mary's
Louth
Dáire McConnon
Cathal Murray
2022
St Joseph's
Laois
Brian Daly
Mick Dempsey
2000
Summerhill
Meath
Pádhraig Geraghty
Conor Gillespie
1978
2013
Tullamore
Offaly
Michael BrazilDeclan Hogan
Niall Stack
2021
Trillick St Macartan's
Tyrone
Rory Brennan
Jody Gormley
2019
Connacht Senior Club Football Championship
Quarter-Finals
Semi-Finals
Final
Coolera/Strandhill (Sligo)
1-03
St Brigid's (Roscommon)
0-13
St Brigid's (Roscommon)
1-07
Mohill (Leitrim)
0-08
St Brigid's (Roscommon)
1-13
Corofin (Galway)
2-05
Corofin (Galway)
0-16
Ballina Stephenites (Mayo)
3-11
Ballina Stephenites (Mayo)
0-12
Fulham Irish (London)
0-05
Connacht quarter-finals
Ballina Stephenites (Mayo) v Fulham Irish (London)
11 November 2023 Quarter-final Ballina Stephenites (Mayo) 3-11 (20) – (5) 0-05 Fulham Irish (London) MacHale Park
C McStay (1-2), N Feeney (1-1), F Irwin (0-4, 3f), M Murray (1-0), C Treacy (0-2), C Boland (0-1), L Feeney (0-1)
Report
N O’Leary (0-3, 3f), J Goulding (0-2, 1f)
Referee: C Ryan (Galway)
Coolera/Strandhill (Sligo) v St Brigid's (Roscommon)
12 November 2023 Quarter-final Coolera/Strandhill (Sligo) 1-03 (6) – (13) 0-13 St Brigid's (Roscommon) Dr Hyde Park
L Doherty (1-0), S Taylor (0-1), K Cawley (0-1), A Higgins (0-1)
Report
B O’Carroll (0-6, 2f), B Nugent (0-2), C Hand (0-2), P McGrath (0-1), E Nolan (0-1), J Cunningham (0-1)
Referee: T Murphy (Galway)
Connacht semi-finals
Corofin (Galway) v Ballina Stephenites (Mayo)
18 November 2023 Semi-final Corofin (Galway) 0-16 (16) – (12) 0-12 Ballina Stephenites (Mayo) Pearse Stadium
Jack McCabe (0-05), Gary Sice (0-05, 0-02f), Dylan McHugh (0-02), Patrick Egan (0-02), Michael Lundy (0-02)
Report
Evan Regan (0-05, 0-04f, 0-01m), Frank Irwin (0-03, 0-01f), Ciaran Boland (0-01), Jack Irwin (0-01), Conor McStay (0-01), Mark Dirrane (0-01)
Referee: Barry Judge (Sligo)
St Brigid's (Roscommon) v Mohill (Leitrim)
19 November 2023 Semi-final St Brigid's (Roscommon) 1-07 (10) – (8) 0-08 Mohill (Leitrim) Dr Hyde Park
Ciarán Sugrue (1-00), Bobby Nugent (0-03f), Ronan Stack (0-01), Ben O’Carroll (0-01f), Brian Derwin (0-01), John Cunningham (0-01)
Report
Keith Beirne (0-04, 0-1f), Domhnaill Flynn (0-01), Conor Quinn (0-01), Ronan Kennedy (0-01), Jordan Reynolds (0-01)
Referee: James Molloy (Galway)
Connacht final
St Brigid's (Roscommon) v Corofin (Galway)
3 December 2023 Final St Brigid's (Roscommon) 1-13 (16) – (11) 2-05 Corofin (Galway) Dr Hyde Park
Ben O’Carroll (1-07, 0-04f, 1-00 pen), Bobby Nugent (0-03, 0-03f), Brian Stack (0-01), Ruaidhri Fallon (0-01), Ciarán Sugrue (0-01)
Report
Liam Silke (1-00), Dylan McHugh (1-00), Gary Sice (0-02, 0-01f), Jack McCabe (0-02), Darragh Silke (0-01, 0-01 '45)
Referee: Barry Judge (Sligo)
Leinster Senior Club Football Championship
Preliminary Round
Quarter-Finals
Semi-Finals
Final
Killoe (Longford)
1-10
St Loman's (Westmeath)
1-10
St Loman's (Westmeath)
1-20
Shelmaliers (Wexford)
1-08
St Loman's (Westmeath)
1-10
Naas (Kildare)
1-15
Naas (Kildare)
2-12
Tullamore (Offaly)
1-07
Summerhill (Meath)
0-08
Summerhill (Meath)
1-09
Naas (Kildare)
0-10
Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin)
1-14
Blessington (Wicklow)
2-05
St Mary's (Louth)
3-09
St Mary's (Louth)
1-11
Éire Óg (Carlow)
2-18
Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin)
1-16
St Joseph's (Laois)
3-13
Éire Óg (Carlow)
0-04
Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin)
1-12
Leinster first round
Éire Óg (Carlow) v St Joseph's (Laois)
21 October 2023 First round Éire Óg (Carlow) 2-18 (24) – (22) 3-13 (a.e.t.) St Joseph's (Laois) Dr Cullen Park
Adam McCarron (0-06, 0-04f), Josh Brady (1-01, 1-00 pen), David Dunphy (1-00), Colm Hulton (0-03), Ross Dunphy (0-02), Murtough Ware (0-02, 0-01m), Jordan Morrissey (0-02, 0-02f), Diarmuid Ruth (0-01), Kyle Nolan (0-01)
Report
Eoghan O'Flaherty (0-07, 0-03f), Brian Daly (1-01), Danny Hickey (1-00), Dylan Doyle (1-00), Michael Keogh (0-02), Oisin Hooney (0-02), Josh O'Brien (0-01)
Referee: Patrick Coyle (Meath)
Tullamore (Offaly) v Summerhill (Meath)
22 October 2023 First round Tullamore (Offaly) 1-07 (10) – (12) 1-09 Summerhill (Meath) O'Connor Park
Declan Hogan (1-01), Nigel Bracken (0-02, 0-02f), Michael Brazil (0-01, 0-01f), Diarmuid Egan (0-01), Harry Plunkett (0-01), Cormac Egan (0-01)
Report
Eoghan Frayne (0-04, 0-04f), Kevin Ryan (1-0), Barry Dardis (0-02, 0-02f), Jamie O’Shea (0-01), Diarmuid McCabe (0-01), Conor Frayne (0-01)
Referee: B Tiernan (Dublin)
St Loman's (Westmeath) v Shelmaliers (Wexford)
22 October 2023 First round St Loman's (Westmeath) 1-10 (13) – (11) 1-08 Shelmaliers (Wexford) Cusack Park
S Dempsey (0-04), E Hogan (1-00), J Heslin (0-03, 0-03 frees), E Gaffney (0-01), D McCartan (0-01), R O’Toole (0-01)
Report
C McCabe (1-00, pen), C Hearne (0-03), E Doyle (0-02), A Murphy (0-01), E Nolan (0-01, free), E O’Gara (0-01)
Referee: S Mulhare (Laois)
Leinster quarter-finals
Éire Óg (Carlow) v Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin)
4 November 2023 Quarter-final Éire Óg (Carlow) 0-04 (4) – (15) 1-12 Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin) Dr Cullen Park
Benny Kavanagh (0-1), Jordan Morrissey (0-1f), Colm Hulton (0-1), Adam McCarron (0-1f)
Report
Shane Walsh (1-2 45 f), Dara Mullin (0-4), Andy McGowan (0-2), Mark O’Leary (0-1), Brian Sheehy (0-1), Paul Mannion (0-1), Dan O’Brien (0-1)
Referee: Fintan Pierce
Killoe Young Emmets (Longford) v St Loman's (Westmeath)
5 November 2023 Quarter-final Killoe Young Emmets (Longford) 1-10 (13) – (23) 1-20 St Loman's (Westmeath) Pearse Park
D Mimnagh (1-01, 0-1'45'), M Hughes (0-03, 0-01f), P Kiernan (0-01), D McGoldrick (0-01), M Quinn (0-01), P Moran (0-01), C Coyle (0-01), R McGoldrick (0-01)
Report
R O’Toole (1-02), J Heslin (0-05, 0-04f), S Dempsey (0-05, 0-01m), S McCartan (0-04, 0-01‘45’), D McCartan (0-03, 0-01f, 0-01m), S Flanagan (0-01)
Referee: Anthony Nolan
Naas (Kildare) v Summerhill (Meath)
5 November 2023 Quarter-final Naas (Kildare) 2-12 (18) – (8) 0-08 Summerhill (Meath) Hawkfield
Eoghan Prizeman (1-00), Sean Hanafin (1-00), Alex Beirne (0-03), Darragh Kirwan (0-03, 0-01f), Eamonn Callaghan (0-02, 0-02f), Luke Mullins (0-01, 0-01f), James Burke (0-01), Jack McKevitt (0-01), Kevin Cummins (0-01, 0-01f)
Report
Eoghan Frayne (0-06, 0-05f), Conor Frayne (0-01), Barry Dardis (0-01)
Referee: Alan Coyne
Blessington (Wicklow) v St Mary's (Louth)
5 November 2023 Quarter-final Blessington (Wicklow) 2-05 (11) – (18) 3-09 St Mary's (Louth) Aughrim
D Cooney (1-0), J Gilligan (1-0), K Quinn (0-3, 1f, 1m), M O’Connor (0-2, 1f)
Report
T Jackson (2-0), C Keenan (0-4), D McConnon (1-1), L Jackson (0-2), J Commins (0-1), D Clarke (0-1 1f)
Referee: Patrick Maguire
Leinster semi-finals
St Loman's (Westmeath) v Naas (Kildare)
19 November 2023 Semi-final St Loman's (Westmeath) 1-10 (13) – (18) 1-15 (a.e.t.) Naas (Kildare) Cusack Park
S Dempsey (1-02), J Heslin (0-04, 0-04f), D McCartan (0-02, 0-01m), P Foy (0-01), K Regan (0-01)
Report
D Kirwan (1-07, 0-01f), A Beirne (0-03, 0-02f), L Mullins (0-01, ‘45’), J McKevitt (0-01), D Hanafin (0-01), E Callaghan (0-01, f), T Browne (0-01)
Referee: David Gough (Meath)
St Mary's (Louth) v Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin)
19 November 2023 Semi-final St Mary's (Louth) 1-11 (14) – (19) 1-16 Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin) Páirc Mhuire, Ardee
Ryan Mooney (1-00), Ciaran Keenan (0-03, 0-03m), Jonathan Commins (0-03, 0-03f), Carl Gillespie (0-02, 0-02f), Liam Jackson (0-01), Tom Jackson (0-01, 0-01f), Daire McConnon (0-01)
Report
Shane Walsh (0-05, 0-03f), Paul Mannion (0-05), Darragh Dempsey (1-00), Cian O'Connor (0-01), Andrew McGowan (0-01), Shane Cunningham (0-01), Shane Horan (0-01), Luke Ward (0-01), Dara Mullin (0-01)
Referee: Brendan Cawley (Kildare)
Leinster final
Naas (Kildare) v Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin)
2 December 2023 Final Naas (Kildare) 0-10 (10) – (17) 1-14 Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin) Croke Park14:15 IWT
Alex Beirne (0-04), Darragh Kirwan (0-04, 0-02f), Paul McDermott (0-01), Dermot Hanafin (0-01)
Report
Shane Walsh (1-08, 0-05f), Shane Horan (0-02), Paul Mannion (0-01, 0-01f), Dara Mullin (0-01), Rory O'Carroll (0-01), Craig Dias (0-01)
Referee: David Hickey
Munster Senior Club Football Championship
Quarter-Finals
Semi-Finals
Final
Clonmel Commercials (Tipperary)
2-07
Newcastle West (Limerick)
0-06
Clonmel Commercials (Tipperary)
0-10
Dingle (Kerry)
0-13
Dingle (Kerry)
0-13 (3)
Castlehaven (Cork)
0-13 (4)
Rathgormack (Waterford)
1-07
Castlehaven (Cork)
1-12
Castlehaven (Cork)
1-16
Cratloe (Clare)
0-11
Munster quarter-finals
Clonmel Commercials (Tipperary) v Newcastle West (Limerick)
12 November 2023 Quarter-final Clonmel Commercials (Tipperary) 2-07 (13) – (6) 0-06 Newcastle West (Limerick) Semple Stadium
P McGarry (1-0), S O’Connor (1-0), K Fahey (0-2), S Kennedy (0-1), P Looram (0-1), Colman Kennedy (0-1), M Quinlivan (0-1), J Kennedy (0-01f)
Report
E Hurley (0-2, 2f), E Rigter (0-1), B Nix (0-1), E Hurley (0-1), T Quilligan (0-1, m)
Referee: C Maguire (Clare)
Castlehaven (Cork) v Cratloe (Clare)
12 November 2023 Quarter-final Castlehaven (Cork) 1-12 (15) – (11) 0-11 (a.e.t.) Cratloe (Clare) Páirc Uí Chaoimh
Brian Hurley (0-07, 3f), Robbie Minihane (1-00), Jack Cahalane (0-02), Rory Maguire (0-01), Mark Collins (0-01)
Report
Cathal McInerney (0-04f), Conal O’Hanlon (0-02, 1m), Enda Boyce (0-02), David Collins (0-01), Diarmuid Ryan (0-01), Conor Ryan (0-01)
Referee: Jonathan Hayes (Limerick)
Munster semi-finals
Clonmel Commercials (Tipperary) v Dingle (Kerry)
26 November 2023 Semi-final Clonmel Commercials (Tipperary) 0-10 (10) – (13) 0-13 Dingle (Kerry) Semple Stadium
S. O’Connor (0-4, 2 frees, 2 marks); J. Kennedy (0-2); R. Peters, C. Kennedy, P. McGarry, M. Quinlivan (0-1 each)
Report
D. Geaney (0-5): M. Flaherty, C. Geaney, P. Geaney (0-2 each); B.D. O’Sullivan, T. O’Sullivan (0-1 each)
Referee: J. Ryan (Cork)
Rathgormack (Waterford) v Castlehaven (Cork)
26 November 2023 Semi-final Rathgormack (Waterford) 1-07 (10) – (19) 1-16 Castlehaven (Cork) Fraher Field
Billy Power 1-0; Jason Curry 0-4 (2fs, 1 ’45); Jason Gleeson 0-2 (2fs); Adam Murray 0-1
Report
Brian Hurley 1-6 (4fs, 1 ’45); Michael Hurley 0-5; Cathal Maguire, Sean Browne, Mark Collins, Conor O’Driscoll, Jack Cahalane 0-1
Referee: Sean Lonergan (Tipperary)
Munster final
Dingle (Kerry) v Castlehaven (Cork)
10 December 2023 Final Dingle (Kerry) 0-13 (13) – (13) 0-13 (a.e.t.) (3–4 p) Castlehaven (Cork) TUS Gaelic Grounds14:00 IWT
P Geaney (0-3 f), C Geaney (0-3 f), 0-4 each, N Geaney, C Flannery, M Flaherty, T O’Sullivan, D Geaney 0-1 each.
Report
B Hurley 0-7 (0-4 f, 0-1 45), C Maguire 0-4 (0-1 mark), M Collins 0-2.
Referee: D O'Mahoney (Tipperary)
Ulster Senior Club Football Championship
Preliminary Round
Quarter-Finals
Semi-Finals
Final
Glen (Derry)
0-11
Erin's Own (Antrim)
0-07
Glen (Derry)
0-10
Naomh Conaill (Donegal)
1-06
Gowna (Cavan)
1-10
Naomh Conaill (Donegal)
2-08
Glen (Derry)
0-13
Scotstown (Monaghan)
0-11
Trillick St Macartan's (Tyrone)
0-09
Crossmaglen (Armagh)
0-04
Trillick St Macartan's (Tyrone)
1-13
Derrygonnelly (Fermanagh)
1-07
Scotstown (Monaghan)
0-17
Kilcoo (Down)
2-13
Kilcoo (Down)
1-08
Scotstown (Monaghan)
0-12
Ulster preliminary round
Derrygonnelly Harps (Fermanagh) v Kilcoo (Down)
5 November 2023 Preliminary round Derrygonnelly Harps (Fermanagh) 1-07 (10) – (19) 2-13 Kilcoo (Down) Brewster Park
Gary McKenna (1-1, 1f), Garvan Jones (0-4, 2f), Ryan Jones (0-01), Conall Jones (0-01, 1f)
Report
Paul Devlin (1-02,pen), Sean Og McCusker (1-01), Johnston (0-02), Eugene Brannigan (0-02), Niall Kane (0-01), Ryan McEvoy (0-01), Darryl Branagan (0-01), Aaron Morgan (0-01), Anthony Morgan (0-01), Ceilum Doherty (0-01)
Ulster quarter-finals
Trillick St Macartan's (Tyrone) v Crossmaglen (Armagh)
11 November 2023 Quarter-final Trillick St Macartan's (Tyrone) 0-09 (9) – (4) 0-04 Crossmaglen (Armagh) Healy Park
R Donnelly (0-02), R Gray (0-02), L Brennan (0-02, 1f), James Garrity (0-02), C Daly (0-01)
Report
J Clarke (0-02), R O’Neill (0-02, 2f)
Referee: B Cassidy (Derry)
Glen (Derry) v Erin's Own (Antrim)
12 November 2023 Quarter-final Glen (Derry) 0-11 (11) – (7) 0-07 Erin's Own (Antrim) Celtic Park
Emmett Bradley (0-04f), Jack Doherty (0-02), Danny Tallon (0-02f), Michael Warnock (0-01), Ciaran McFaul (0-01), Ethan Doherty (0-01)
Report
Pat Shivers (0-03f), Michael McCann (0-2f), Paul McCann (0-01), Kieran Close (0-01)
Referee: Conor Doureen (Cavan)
Gowna (Cavan) v Naomh Conaill (Donegal)
12 November 2023 Quarter-final Gowna (Cavan) 1-10 (13) – (14) 2-08 Naomh Conaill (Donegal) Breffni Park
Conor Brady (1-1), Cian Madden (0-2, 1f), C Casey (0-1m), T Madden (0-1), R Donohoe (0-1), M McKeever (0-1), R Fitzpatrick (0-1), O Pierson (0-1f), Conor Madden (0-1)
Report
L McLoone (1-1), K McGettigan (1-0), O Doherty (0-2), E Doherty (0-1), J MacCeallbhuí (0-1), J O’Malley (0-1f), AJ Gallagher (0-1), B McDyer (0-1)
Referee: K Faloon (Armagh)
Kilcoo (Down) v Scotstown (Monaghan)
12 November 2023 Quarter-final Kilcoo (Down) 1-08 (11) – (12) 0-12 Scotstown (Monaghan) Páirc Esler
P. Devlin (1-1, 1-0 p, 0-1 f), M. Rooney (0-1), D. Branagan (0-1), E. Branagan (0-1), Aaron Morgan (0-1), N. Kane (0-1, f), S. Johnston (0-1), Anthony Morgan (0-1)
Report
R. Beggan (0-3, 2 f), S. Carey (0-2), J. McCarron (0-2), J. Carey (0-2, 1m), C. McCarthy (0-1), D. Morgan (0-1), K. Hughes (0-1, 1m)
Referee: N. Mooney (Cavan)
Ulster semi-finals
Glen (Derry) v Naomh Conaill (Donegal)
25 November 2023 Semi-final Glen (Derry) 0-10 (10) – (9) 1-06 Naomh Conaill (Donegal) Healy Park
Conleth McGuckian (1m) and Emmett Bradley (2fs) 0-3 each, Cathal Mulholland 0-2, Ciaran McFaul and Stevie O'Hara 0-1 each
Report
John O'Malley 1-0 (pen), Ciaran Thompson 0-3, Ethan O'Donnell, Brendan McDyer, and AJ Gallagher 0-1 each
Referee: Sean Huson (Tyrone)
Trillick St Macartan's (Tyrone) v Scotstown (Monaghan)
26 November 2023 Semi-final Trillick St Macartan's (Tyrone) 1-13 (16) – (17) 0-17 (a.e.t.) Scotstown (Monaghan) Athletic Grounds
L Brennan 0-5 (0-3fs, 0-1 45), S O’Donnell 1-1, R Brennan 0-1, R Donnelly 0-1, C Daly 0-1, R Gray 0-1, D Donnelly 0-1, J Garrity 0-1, C Garrity 0-1
Report
J McCarron 0-4 (0-3fs), S Carey 0-3 (0-2fs), M Maguire 0-2, K Hughes 0-2, R Beggan 0-1 (0-1 45), R O’Toole 0-1, C McCarthy 0-1, D Morgan 0-1, E Caulfield 0-1, M McCarville 0-1
Referee: K Faloon (Armagh)
Ulster final
Glen (Derry) v Scotstown (Monaghan)
10 December 2023 Final Glen (Derry) 0-13 (13) – (11) 0-11 Scotstown (Monaghan) Athletic Grounds16:00 GMT
D Tallon (2 frees), E Mulholland (0-3 each); C Glass (0-2, 1 free); R Dougan, E Doherty, T Flanagan, C McFaul, J McDermott (0-1 each).
Report
S Carey (0-3, 3 frees); K Hughes, J Hamill (0-2 each); J McCarron, C McCarthy, D Hughe, R Beggan (0-1 each).
All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
All-Ireland semi-finals
Semi-Finals
Final
Glen (Derry)
1-14
Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin)
2-10
Glen (Derry)
2-10
Castlehaven (Cork)
0-10
St Brigid's (Roscommon)
1-12
St Brigid's (Roscommon)
1-11
St Brigid's (Roscommon) v Castlehaven (Cork)
7 January 2024 Semi-final St Brigid's (Roscommon) 1-11 (14) – (10) 0-10 Castlehaven (Cork) Semple Stadium13:45 IWT (UTC±0)
B Derwin 1-1, B Nugent (1f), B O‘Carroll (1 pen) 0-3 each, C Sugrue, R Dolan, J Cunningham, P McGrath 0-1 each.
Report
B Hurley 0-7 (3f, 1 ‘45’), C Maguire 0-2, M Hurley 0-1.
Referee: D Coldrick
Glen (Derry) v Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin)
7 January 2024 Semi-final Glen (Derry) 1-14 (17) – (16) 2-10 Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin) Páirc Esler15:45 IWT (UTC±0)
D Tallon 0-5 (4fs), E Doherty 1-0, E Bradley 0-3 (2fs), M Warnock, C McFaul, C Mulholland, C Glass, E Mulholland, A Doherty all 0-1 each.
Report
S Walsh 1-2 (0-1 45), P Mannion 0-4 (2fs), H Kenny 1-0, D Higgins, C O'Connor, L Ward, M O'Leary all 0-1 each.
Referee: C Lane
All-Ireland final
Glen (Derry) v St Brigid's (Roscommon)
21 January 2024 Final Glen (Derry) 2-10 (16) – (15) 1-12 St Brigid's (Roscommon) Croke Park15:00 IWT (UTC±0)
C Glass 1-2 (1 ‘45’), E Bradley 0-4 (3f), J McDermott 1-0, C McFaul, E Doherty, M Warnock, C McGuckian 0-1 each.
Report
B Derwin 1-1, B O’Carroll 0-3 (2f, 1m), R Fallon, E Nolan 0-2 each, B Stack, B Nugent, C Sugrue, S Cunnane (f) 0-1 each.
Referee: B Cawley (Kildare)
Championship statistics
Top scorers
Overall
Rank
Player
Club
Tally
Total
Matches
Average
1
Brian Hurley
Castlehaven
1-27
30
4
7.50
2
Shane Walsh
Kilmacud Crokes
3-17
26
4
6.50
3
Ben O’Carroll
St Brigid's
1-20
23
5
4.60
4
Darragh Kirwin
Naas
1-14
17
3
5.67
5
Shane Dempsey
St Loman's
1-11
14
3
4.67
Emmett Bradley
Glen
0-14
14
5
2.80
7
John Heslin
St Loman's
0-12
12
3
4
Bobby Nugent
St Brigid's
0-12
12
5
2.4
9
Paul Mannion
Kilmacud Crokes
0-11
11
4
2.75
10
Eoghan Frayne
Summerhill
0-10
10
2
5.00
Alex Beirne
Naas
0-10
10
3
3.33
Danny Tallon
Glen
0-10
10
5
2.00
In a single game
Rank
Player
Club
Tally
Total
Opposition
1
Shane Walsh
Kilmacud Crokes
1-08
11
Naas
2
Darragh Kirwan
Naas
1-07
10
St Loman's
Ben O’Carroll
St Brigid's
1-07
10
Corofin
4
Brian Hurley
Castlehaven
1-06
9
Rathgormack
5
Eoghan O'Flaherty
St Joseph's
0-07
7
Éire Óg
Brian Hurley
Castlehaven
0-07
7
St Brigid's
7
Tom Jackson
St Mary's
2-00
6
Blessington
Ben O’Carroll
St Brigid's
0-06
6
Coolera/Strandhill
Adam McCarron
Éire Óg
0-06
6
St Joseph's
Eoghan Frayne
Summerhill
0-06
6
Naas
Miscellaneous
Kilmacud Crokes became the first team to win three successive Leinster Championship titles.
Dingle qualified for the Munster final for the first time in their history.
References
^ "2023 Munster club hurling and football championship draws confirmed". Hogan Stand. 11 August 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
^ O'Toole, Fintan (23 January 2023). "Kilmacud make amends to hold on against Glen and claim All-Ireland glory". The42.ie. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
^ "All-Ireland club final: Kilmacud Crokes 1-11 Glen 1-09 - recap". RTE Sport. 21 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
^ Fogarty, John (7 January 2024). "Glen avenge All-Ireland final defeat with dramatic one-point win over Kilmacud Crokes". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
^ Manning, Gordon (21 January 2024). "Stunning comeback gives Glen first ever All-Ireland club title". Irish Times. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
^ Roche, Frank (21 January 2024). "Glen produce stunning fightback to win All-Ireland senior club title". Irish Independent. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
^ "Football club final recap: Glen 2-10 St Brigid's 1-12". RTE Sport. 21 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
^ "Ballina break Breaffy hearts in Mayo senior football final". Connaught Telagraph. 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
^ Stapleton, Kevin (29 October 2023). "Blessington edge out Rathnew in replayed Wicklow final". RTÉ. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
^ O'Connell, Dylan (29 October 2023). "Hurleys to fore as Castlehaven beat Nemo win Cork football crown". RTÉ. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
^ "Coolera-Strandhill crowned Sligo SFC champions after overcoming St Molaise Gaels". www.rte.ie. RTÉ. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^ "Coolera-Strandhill crowned Sligo SFC champions after overcoming St Molaise Gaels". www.rte.ie. RTÉ. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^ "Corofin kings of Galway after seeing off Maigh Cuilinn". www.rte.ie. RTÉ. 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
^ O'Muircheartaigh, Joe (15 October 2023). "Ice-cool McInerney delivers the goods for Cratloe". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
^ Malone, Steve (22 October 2023). "Crossmaglen beat Clan na Gael to win 47th Armagh SFC title". RTÉ. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
^ Archer, Kenny (22 October 2023). "Derrygonnelly see off Erne Gaels in dramatic Fermanagh SFC Final finish". The Irish News. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^ Morrissy, Kim (24 October 2023). "2023 Kerry Club GAA Fixtures: The County Final Is Taking Shape". balls.ie. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
^ Keane, Paul (1 October 2023). "Eire Og defeat Tinryland in Carlow county final". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^ Mohan, David (8 October 2023). "Conhuir Johnston goals the difference as Erins Own Cargin retain Antrim SFC title". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^ Martin, Conor (29 October 2023). "Fulham Irish surge to fourth London SFC crown". RTÉ. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
^ Wilson, Michael (29 October 2023). "Glen overcome sluggish start to seal three-in-a-row in the Derry SFC". RTÉ. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
^ Roche, Frank (22 October 2023). "Cavan SFC final: First-half blitz ensures Gowna reclaim county crown". Irish Independent. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^ Ingram, Elaine (15 October 2023). "Kilcoo park refereeing intrigue to overcome Burren". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
^ O'Flaherty, Deniese (15 October 2023). "Emmet Óg Killoe claim Longford title with stoppage-time free". RTÉ. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
^ "Kilmacud Crokes rise to occasion to claim historic third Dublin SFC crown in a row". RTÉ. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^ "Late points see Mohill dethrone St Mary's for ninth Leitrim SFC title". Hogan Stand. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^ "Naas toast 'best times of our lives' after third Kildare title on trot". Irish Examiner. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^ "Magnificent seven for Naomh Conaill in Donegal decider". RTÉ. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
^ "Hurley kicks Newcastle West to three in a row". Irish Examiner. 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
^ "MRathgormack end final pain to secure Waterford crown". RTÉ. 29 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
^ "Magnificent seven for Naomh Conaill in Donegal decider". RTÉ. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
^ Boyle, Donnchadh (1 October 2023). "St Loman's win 10th Westmeath SFC title after narrow win over Coralstown Kinnegad". Irish Independent. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^ Fagan, Ronan (15 October 2023). "Hearne the hero as Shelmaliers reign supreme in Wexford SFC". RTÉ. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
^ "St Brigid's break Boyle hearts in tight Roscommon final". RTÉ. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^ "Ardee St. Mary's earn back-to-back Louth titles". RTÉ. 22 October 2023.
^ Hartnett, Alan (15 October 2023). "St Joseph's end 23-year wait for Laois glory". RTÉ. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
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^ Keane, Paul (2 December 2023). "Shane Walsh on song as Crokes seal Leinster three-in-a-row". RTÉ. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
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Ulster Championship
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Club_Football_Championship"},{"link_name":"Gaelic Athletic Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelic_Athletic_Association"},{"link_name":"inter-county","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-county"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Kilmacud Crokes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmacud_Crokes_GAA"},{"link_name":"defending champions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_All-Ireland_Senior_Club_Football_Championship"},{"link_name":"Glen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watty_Graham%27s_GAC,_Glen"},{"link_name":"All-Ireland semi-final","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#All-Ireland_semi-finals"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"All-Ireland final","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#All-Ireland_final"},{"link_name":"Croke Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croke_Park"},{"link_name":"Dublin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin"},{"link_name":"St Brigid's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brigid%27s_GAA_(Roscommon)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Castlehaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlehaven_GAA"},{"link_name":"Brian Hurley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Hurley"},{"link_name":"top scorer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#Top_scorers"}],"text":"The 2023–24 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 53rd staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club Gaelic football tournament. The draws for the respective provincial championships took place at various stages.[1] The championship ran from 21 October 2023 to 21 January 2024.Kilmacud Crokes were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Glen in the All-Ireland semi-final.[2][3][4]The All-Ireland final was played on 21 January 2024 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Glen of Derry and St Brigid's of Roscommon, in what was their first ever championship meeting. Glen won the match by 2-10 to 1-12 to claim their first ever All-Ireland title.[5][6][7]Castlehaven's Brian Hurley was the championship's top scorer with 1-27.","title":"2023–24 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Teams"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Connacht Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ballina Stephenites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballina_Stephenites_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Mayo)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayo_GAA"},{"link_name":"Fulham Irish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulham_Irish_GAA_Club"},{"link_name":"(London)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_GAA"},{"link_name":"Ballina Stephenites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballina_Stephenites_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Mayo)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayo_GAA"},{"link_name":"Fulham Irish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulham_Irish_GAA_Club"},{"link_name":"(London)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_GAA"},{"link_name":"MacHale Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacHale_Park"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/2023/11/11/ballina-set-up-clash-with-corofin-after-easy-win-over-fulham-irish/"},{"link_name":"Coolera/Strandhill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolera/Strandhill_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Sligo)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sligo_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Brigid's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brigid%27s_GAA_(Roscommon)"},{"link_name":"(Roscommon)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscommon_GAA"},{"link_name":"Coolera/Strandhill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolera/Strandhill_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Sligo)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sligo_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Brigid's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brigid%27s_GAA_(Roscommon)"},{"link_name":"(Roscommon)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscommon_GAA"},{"link_name":"Dr Hyde Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr_Hyde_Park"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.independent.ie/sport/gaelic-games/gaelic-football/ben-ocarroll-stars-as-brigids-march-into-last-four-in-connacht/a1902717878.html"}],"sub_title":"Connacht quarter-finals","text":"Ballina Stephenites (Mayo) v Fulham Irish (London)\n11 November 2023 Quarter-final Ballina Stephenites (Mayo) 3-11 (20) – (5) 0-05 Fulham Irish (London) MacHale Park\nC McStay (1-2), N Feeney (1-1), F Irwin (0-4, 3f), M Murray (1-0), C Treacy (0-2), C Boland (0-1), L Feeney (0-1)\nReport\nN O’Leary (0-3, 3f), J Goulding (0-2, 1f)\nReferee: C Ryan (Galway)Coolera/Strandhill (Sligo) v St Brigid's (Roscommon)\n12 November 2023 Quarter-final Coolera/Strandhill (Sligo) 1-03 (6) – (13) 0-13 St Brigid's (Roscommon) Dr Hyde Park\nL Doherty (1-0), S Taylor (0-1), K Cawley (0-1), A Higgins (0-1)\nReport\nB O’Carroll (0-6, 2f), B Nugent (0-2), C Hand (0-2), P McGrath (0-1), E Nolan (0-1), J Cunningham (0-1)\nReferee: T Murphy (Galway)","title":"Connacht Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Corofin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corofin_GAA_(Galway)"},{"link_name":"(Galway)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galway_GAA"},{"link_name":"Ballina Stephenites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballina_Stephenites_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Mayo)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayo_GAA"},{"link_name":"Corofin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corofin_GAA_(Galway)"},{"link_name":"(Galway)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galway_GAA"},{"link_name":"Ballina Stephenites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballina_Stephenites_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Mayo)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayo_GAA"},{"link_name":"Pearse Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearse_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1118/1417220-corofin-into-connacht-final-after-seeing-off-ballina/"},{"link_name":"St Brigid's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brigid%27s_GAA_(Roscommon)"},{"link_name":"(Roscommon)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscommon_GAA"},{"link_name":"Mohill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohill_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Leitrim)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitrim_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Brigid's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brigid%27s_GAA_(Roscommon)"},{"link_name":"(Roscommon)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscommon_GAA"},{"link_name":"Mohill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohill_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Leitrim)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitrim_GAA"},{"link_name":"Dr Hyde Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr_Hyde_Park"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1119/1417357-sugrue-goal-crucial-as-brigids-survive-mohill-scare/"}],"sub_title":"Connacht semi-finals","text":"Corofin (Galway) v Ballina Stephenites (Mayo)\n18 November 2023 Semi-final Corofin (Galway) 0-16 (16) – (12) 0-12 Ballina Stephenites (Mayo) Pearse Stadium\nJack McCabe (0-05), Gary Sice (0-05, 0-02f), Dylan McHugh (0-02), Patrick Egan (0-02), Michael Lundy (0-02)\nReport\nEvan Regan (0-05, 0-04f, 0-01m), Frank Irwin (0-03, 0-01f), Ciaran Boland (0-01), Jack Irwin (0-01), Conor McStay (0-01), Mark Dirrane (0-01)\nReferee: Barry Judge (Sligo)St Brigid's (Roscommon) v Mohill (Leitrim)\n19 November 2023 Semi-final St Brigid's (Roscommon) 1-07 (10) – (8) 0-08 Mohill (Leitrim) Dr Hyde Park\nCiarán Sugrue (1-00), Bobby Nugent (0-03f), Ronan Stack (0-01), Ben O’Carroll (0-01f), Brian Derwin (0-01), John Cunningham (0-01)\nReport\nKeith Beirne (0-04, 0-1f), Domhnaill Flynn (0-01), Conor Quinn (0-01), Ronan Kennedy (0-01), Jordan Reynolds (0-01)\nReferee: James Molloy (Galway)","title":"Connacht Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"St Brigid's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brigid%27s_GAA_(Roscommon)"},{"link_name":"(Roscommon)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscommon_GAA"},{"link_name":"Corofin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corofin_GAA_(Galway)"},{"link_name":"(Galway)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galway_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Brigid's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brigid%27s_GAA_(Roscommon)"},{"link_name":"(Roscommon)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscommon_GAA"},{"link_name":"Corofin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corofin_GAA_(Galway)"},{"link_name":"(Galway)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galway_GAA"},{"link_name":"Dr Hyde Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr_Hyde_Park"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1203/1419884-corofin-st-brigids/"}],"sub_title":"Connacht final","text":"St Brigid's (Roscommon) v Corofin (Galway)\n3 December 2023 Final St Brigid's (Roscommon) 1-13 (16) – (11) 2-05 Corofin (Galway) Dr Hyde Park\nBen O’Carroll (1-07, 0-04f, 1-00 pen), Bobby Nugent (0-03, 0-03f), Brian Stack (0-01), Ruaidhri Fallon (0-01), Ciarán Sugrue (0-01)\nReport\nLiam Silke (1-00), Dylan McHugh (1-00), Gary Sice (0-02, 0-01f), Jack McCabe (0-02), Darragh Silke (0-01, 0-01 '45)\nReferee: Barry Judge (Sligo)","title":"Connacht Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Leinster Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Éire Óg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ire_%C3%93g_GAA_(Carlow)"},{"link_name":"(Carlow)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlow_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Joseph's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_GAA_(Laois)"},{"link_name":"(Laois)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laois_GAA"},{"link_name":"Éire Óg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ire_%C3%93g_GAA_(Carlow)"},{"link_name":"(Carlow)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlow_GAA"},{"link_name":"a.e.t.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtime_(sports)#Association_football"},{"link_name":"St Joseph's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_GAA_(Laois)"},{"link_name":"(Laois)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laois_GAA"},{"link_name":"Dr Cullen Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr_Cullen_Park"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1021/1412141-eire-og-win-extra-time-epic-to-reach-leinster-quarters/"},{"link_name":"Tullamore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tullamore_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Offaly)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offaly_GAA"},{"link_name":"Summerhill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerhill_GFC"},{"link_name":"(Meath)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meath_GAA"},{"link_name":"Tullamore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tullamore_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Offaly)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offaly_GAA"},{"link_name":"Summerhill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerhill_GFC"},{"link_name":"(Meath)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meath_GAA"},{"link_name":"O'Connor Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Connor_Park"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1022/1412326-referee-targeted-after-summerhill-beat-tullamore/"},{"link_name":"St Loman's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Loman%27s_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Westmeath)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmeath_GAA"},{"link_name":"Shelmaliers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelmaliers_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Wexford)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wexford_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Loman's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Loman%27s_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Westmeath)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmeath_GAA"},{"link_name":"Shelmaliers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelmaliers_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Wexford)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wexford_GAA"},{"link_name":"Cusack Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusack_Park_(Mullingar)"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1022/1412268-st-lomans-edge-out-shelmaliers-in-leinster-first-round/"}],"sub_title":"Leinster first round","text":"Éire Óg (Carlow) v St Joseph's (Laois)\n21 October 2023 First round Éire Óg (Carlow) 2-18 (24) – (22) 3-13 (a.e.t.) St Joseph's (Laois) Dr Cullen Park\nAdam McCarron (0-06, 0-04f), Josh Brady (1-01, 1-00 pen), David Dunphy (1-00), Colm Hulton (0-03), Ross Dunphy (0-02), Murtough Ware (0-02, 0-01m), Jordan Morrissey (0-02, 0-02f), Diarmuid Ruth (0-01), Kyle Nolan (0-01)\nReport\nEoghan O'Flaherty (0-07, 0-03f), Brian Daly (1-01), Danny Hickey (1-00), Dylan Doyle (1-00), Michael Keogh (0-02), Oisin Hooney (0-02), Josh O'Brien (0-01)\nReferee: Patrick Coyle (Meath)Tullamore (Offaly) v Summerhill (Meath)\n22 October 2023 First round Tullamore (Offaly) 1-07 (10) – (12) 1-09 Summerhill (Meath) O'Connor Park\nDeclan Hogan (1-01), Nigel Bracken (0-02, 0-02f), Michael Brazil (0-01, 0-01f), Diarmuid Egan (0-01), Harry Plunkett (0-01), Cormac Egan (0-01)\nReport\nEoghan Frayne (0-04, 0-04f), Kevin Ryan (1-0), Barry Dardis (0-02, 0-02f), Jamie O’Shea (0-01), Diarmuid McCabe (0-01), Conor Frayne (0-01)\nReferee: B Tiernan (Dublin)St Loman's (Westmeath) v Shelmaliers (Wexford)\n22 October 2023 First round St Loman's (Westmeath) 1-10 (13) – (11) 1-08 Shelmaliers (Wexford) Cusack Park\nS Dempsey (0-04), E Hogan (1-00), J Heslin (0-03, 0-03 frees), E Gaffney (0-01), D McCartan (0-01), R O’Toole (0-01)\nReport\nC McCabe (1-00, pen), C Hearne (0-03), E Doyle (0-02), A Murphy (0-01), E Nolan (0-01, free), E O’Gara (0-01)\nReferee: S Mulhare (Laois)","title":"Leinster Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Éire Óg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ire_%C3%93g_GAA_(Carlow)"},{"link_name":"(Carlow)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlow_GAA"},{"link_name":"Kilmacud Crokes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmacud_Crokes_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Dublin)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_GAA"},{"link_name":"Éire Óg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ire_%C3%93g_GAA_(Carlow)"},{"link_name":"(Carlow)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlow_GAA"},{"link_name":"Kilmacud Crokes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmacud_Crokes_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Dublin)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_GAA"},{"link_name":"Dr Cullen Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr_Cullen_Park"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1104/1414684-kilmacud-crokes-prove-too-strong-for-eire-og/"},{"link_name":"Killoe Young Emmets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killoe_Young_Emmets"},{"link_name":"(Longford)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longford_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Loman's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Loman%27s_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Westmeath)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmeath_GAA"},{"link_name":"Killoe Young Emmets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killoe_Young_Emmets"},{"link_name":"(Longford)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longford_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Loman's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Loman%27s_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Westmeath)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmeath_GAA"},{"link_name":"Pearse Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearse_Park_(Longford)"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1105/1414738-lomans-cruise-to-victory-over-13-man-young-emmets/"},{"link_name":"Naas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naas_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Kildare)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kildare_GAA"},{"link_name":"Summerhill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerhill_GFC"},{"link_name":"(Meath)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meath_GAA"},{"link_name":"Naas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naas_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Kildare)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kildare_GAA"},{"link_name":"Summerhill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerhill_GFC"},{"link_name":"(Meath)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meath_GAA"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1105/1414739-late-blitz-eases-naas-to-victory-over-summerhill/"},{"link_name":"Blessington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blessington_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Wicklow)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicklow_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Mary's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_GAA_(Louth)"},{"link_name":"(Louth)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louth_GAA"},{"link_name":"Blessington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blessington_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Wicklow)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicklow_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Mary's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_GAA_(Louth)"},{"link_name":"(Louth)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louth_GAA"},{"link_name":"Aughrim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aughrim_County_Ground"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.independent.ie/sport/gaelic-games/gaelic-football/leinster-club-sfc-ardee-st-marys-ease-past-blessington-to-book-semi-final-spot/a159079151.html"}],"sub_title":"Leinster quarter-finals","text":"Éire Óg (Carlow) v Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin)\n4 November 2023 Quarter-final Éire Óg (Carlow) 0-04 (4) – (15) 1-12 Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin) Dr Cullen Park\nBenny Kavanagh (0-1), Jordan Morrissey (0-1f), Colm Hulton (0-1), Adam McCarron (0-1f)\nReport\nShane Walsh (1-2 45 f), Dara Mullin (0-4), Andy McGowan (0-2), Mark O’Leary (0-1), Brian Sheehy (0-1), Paul Mannion (0-1), Dan O’Brien (0-1)\nReferee: Fintan PierceKilloe Young Emmets (Longford) v St Loman's (Westmeath)\n5 November 2023 Quarter-final Killoe Young Emmets (Longford) 1-10 (13) – (23) 1-20 St Loman's (Westmeath) Pearse Park\nD Mimnagh (1-01, 0-1'45'), M Hughes (0-03, 0-01f), P Kiernan (0-01), D McGoldrick (0-01), M Quinn (0-01), P Moran (0-01), C Coyle (0-01), R McGoldrick (0-01)\nReport\nR O’Toole (1-02), J Heslin (0-05, 0-04f), S Dempsey (0-05, 0-01m), S McCartan (0-04, 0-01‘45’), D McCartan (0-03, 0-01f, 0-01m), S Flanagan (0-01)\nReferee: Anthony NolanNaas (Kildare) v Summerhill (Meath)\n5 November 2023 Quarter-final Naas (Kildare) 2-12 (18) – (8) 0-08 Summerhill (Meath) Hawkfield\nEoghan Prizeman (1-00), Sean Hanafin (1-00), Alex Beirne (0-03), Darragh Kirwan (0-03, 0-01f), Eamonn Callaghan (0-02, 0-02f), Luke Mullins (0-01, 0-01f), James Burke (0-01), Jack McKevitt (0-01), Kevin Cummins (0-01, 0-01f)\nReport\nEoghan Frayne (0-06, 0-05f), Conor Frayne (0-01), Barry Dardis (0-01)\nReferee: Alan CoyneBlessington (Wicklow) v St Mary's (Louth)\n5 November 2023 Quarter-final Blessington (Wicklow) 2-05 (11) – (18) 3-09 St Mary's (Louth) Aughrim\nD Cooney (1-0), J Gilligan (1-0), K Quinn (0-3, 1f, 1m), M O’Connor (0-2, 1f)\nReport\nT Jackson (2-0), C Keenan (0-4), D McConnon (1-1), L Jackson (0-2), J Commins (0-1), D Clarke (0-1 1f)\nReferee: Patrick Maguire","title":"Leinster Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"St Loman's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Loman%27s_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Westmeath)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmeath_GAA"},{"link_name":"Naas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naas_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Kildare)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kildare_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Loman's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Loman%27s_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Westmeath)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmeath_GAA"},{"link_name":"a.e.t.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtime_(sports)#Association_football"},{"link_name":"Naas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naas_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Kildare)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kildare_GAA"},{"link_name":"Cusack Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusack_Park_(Mullingar)"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1119/1417309-kirwan-leads-the-way-as-naas-find-more-against-lomans/"},{"link_name":"St Mary's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_GAA_(Louth)"},{"link_name":"(Louth)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louth_GAA"},{"link_name":"Kilmacud Crokes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmacud_Crokes_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Dublin)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Mary's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_GAA_(Louth)"},{"link_name":"(Louth)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louth_GAA"},{"link_name":"Kilmacud Crokes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmacud_Crokes_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Dublin)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_GAA"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1119/1417310-st-marys-ardee-v-kilmacud-crokes/"}],"sub_title":"Leinster semi-finals","text":"St Loman's (Westmeath) v Naas (Kildare)\n19 November 2023 Semi-final St Loman's (Westmeath) 1-10 (13) – (18) 1-15 (a.e.t.) Naas (Kildare) Cusack Park\nS Dempsey (1-02), J Heslin (0-04, 0-04f), D McCartan (0-02, 0-01m), P Foy (0-01), K Regan (0-01)\nReport\nD Kirwan (1-07, 0-01f), A Beirne (0-03, 0-02f), L Mullins (0-01, ‘45’), J McKevitt (0-01), D Hanafin (0-01), E Callaghan (0-01, f), T Browne (0-01)\nReferee: David Gough (Meath)St Mary's (Louth) v Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin)\n19 November 2023 Semi-final St Mary's (Louth) 1-11 (14) – (19) 1-16 Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin) Páirc Mhuire, Ardee\nRyan Mooney (1-00), Ciaran Keenan (0-03, 0-03m), Jonathan Commins (0-03, 0-03f), Carl Gillespie (0-02, 0-02f), Liam Jackson (0-01), Tom Jackson (0-01, 0-01f), Daire McConnon (0-01)\nReport\nShane Walsh (0-05, 0-03f), Paul Mannion (0-05), Darragh Dempsey (1-00), Cian O'Connor (0-01), Andrew McGowan (0-01), Shane Cunningham (0-01), Shane Horan (0-01), Luke Ward (0-01), Dara Mullin (0-01)\nReferee: Brendan Cawley (Kildare)","title":"Leinster Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Naas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naas_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Kildare)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kildare_GAA"},{"link_name":"Kilmacud Crokes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmacud_Crokes_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Dublin)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_GAA"},{"link_name":"Naas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naas_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Kildare)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kildare_GAA"},{"link_name":"Kilmacud Crokes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmacud_Crokes_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Dublin)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_GAA"},{"link_name":"Croke Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croke_Park"},{"link_name":"IWT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Winter_Time"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1202/1419770-crokes-seal-leinster-three-in-a-row-against-gritty-naas/"}],"sub_title":"Leinster final","text":"Naas (Kildare) v Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin)\n2 December 2023 Final Naas (Kildare) 0-10 (10) – (17) 1-14 Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin) Croke Park14:15 IWT\nAlex Beirne (0-04), Darragh Kirwan (0-04, 0-02f), Paul McDermott (0-01), Dermot Hanafin (0-01)\nReport\nShane Walsh (1-08, 0-05f), Shane Horan (0-02), Paul Mannion (0-01, 0-01f), Dara Mullin (0-01), Rory O'Carroll (0-01), Craig Dias (0-01)\nReferee: David Hickey","title":"Leinster Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Munster Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Clonmel Commercials","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonmel_Commercials"},{"link_name":"(Tipperary)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipperary_GAA"},{"link_name":"Newcastle West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcastle_West_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Limerick)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_GAA"},{"link_name":"Clonmel Commercials","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonmel_Commercials"},{"link_name":"(Tipperary)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipperary_GAA"},{"link_name":"Newcastle West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcastle_West_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Limerick)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_GAA"},{"link_name":"Semple Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semple_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.independent.ie/sport/gaelic-games/gaelic-football/clonmel-commercials-advance-to-munster-sfc-semi-final-after-win-over-newcastlewest/a46544519.html"},{"link_name":"Castlehaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlehaven_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Cork)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_GAA"},{"link_name":"Cratloe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cratloe_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Clare)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clare_GAA"},{"link_name":"Castlehaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlehaven_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Cork)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_GAA"},{"link_name":"a.e.t.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtime_(sports)#Association_football"},{"link_name":"Cratloe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cratloe_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Clare)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clare_GAA"},{"link_name":"Páirc Uí Chaoimh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1irc_U%C3%AD_Chaoimh"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1112/1416095-hurley-points-the-way-as-castlehaven-outlast-cratloe/"}],"sub_title":"Munster quarter-finals","text":"Clonmel Commercials (Tipperary) v Newcastle West (Limerick)\n12 November 2023 Quarter-final Clonmel Commercials (Tipperary) 2-07 (13) – (6) 0-06 Newcastle West (Limerick) Semple Stadium\nP McGarry (1-0), S O’Connor (1-0), K Fahey (0-2), S Kennedy (0-1), P Looram (0-1), Colman Kennedy (0-1), M Quinlivan (0-1), J Kennedy (0-01f)\nReport\nE Hurley (0-2, 2f), E Rigter (0-1), B Nix (0-1), E Hurley (0-1), T Quilligan (0-1, m)\nReferee: C Maguire (Clare)Castlehaven (Cork) v Cratloe (Clare)\n12 November 2023 Quarter-final Castlehaven (Cork) 1-12 (15) – (11) 0-11 (a.e.t.) Cratloe (Clare) Páirc Uí Chaoimh\nBrian Hurley (0-07, 3f), Robbie Minihane (1-00), Jack Cahalane (0-02), Rory Maguire (0-01), Mark Collins (0-01)\nReport\nCathal McInerney (0-04f), Conal O’Hanlon (0-02, 1m), Enda Boyce (0-02), David Collins (0-01), Diarmuid Ryan (0-01), Conor Ryan (0-01)\nReferee: Jonathan Hayes (Limerick)","title":"Munster Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Clonmel Commercials","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonmel_Commercials"},{"link_name":"(Tipperary)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipperary_GAA"},{"link_name":"Dingle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dingle_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Kerry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerry_GAA"},{"link_name":"Clonmel Commercials","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonmel_Commercials"},{"link_name":"(Tipperary)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipperary_GAA"},{"link_name":"Dingle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dingle_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Kerry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerry_GAA"},{"link_name":"Semple Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semple_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.irishexaminer.com/sport/gaa/arid-41277460.html"},{"link_name":"Rathgormack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonea_Power%E2%80%93Rathgormack_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Waterford)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterford_GAA"},{"link_name":"Castlehaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlehaven_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Cork)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_GAA"},{"link_name":"Rathgormack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonea_Power%E2%80%93Rathgormack_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Waterford)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterford_GAA"},{"link_name":"Castlehaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlehaven_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Cork)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_GAA"},{"link_name":"Fraher Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraher_Field"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.the42.ie/rathgormack-castlehaven-6233422-Nov2023/"}],"sub_title":"Munster semi-finals","text":"Clonmel Commercials (Tipperary) v Dingle (Kerry)\n26 November 2023 Semi-final Clonmel Commercials (Tipperary) 0-10 (10) – (13) 0-13 Dingle (Kerry) Semple Stadium\nS. O’Connor (0-4, 2 frees, 2 marks); J. Kennedy (0-2); R. Peters, C. Kennedy, P. McGarry, M. Quinlivan (0-1 each)\nReport\nD. Geaney (0-5): M. Flaherty, C. Geaney, P. Geaney (0-2 each); B.D. O’Sullivan, T. O’Sullivan (0-1 each)\nReferee: J. Ryan (Cork)Rathgormack (Waterford) v Castlehaven (Cork)\n26 November 2023 Semi-final Rathgormack (Waterford) 1-07 (10) – (19) 1-16 Castlehaven (Cork) Fraher Field\nBilly Power 1-0; Jason Curry 0-4 (2fs, 1 ’45); Jason Gleeson 0-2 (2fs); Adam Murray 0-1\nReport\nBrian Hurley 1-6 (4fs, 1 ’45); Michael Hurley 0-5; Cathal Maguire, Sean Browne, Mark Collins, Conor O’Driscoll, Jack Cahalane 0-1\nReferee: Sean Lonergan (Tipperary)","title":"Munster Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dingle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dingle_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Kerry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerry_GAA"},{"link_name":"Castlehaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlehaven_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Cork)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_GAA"},{"link_name":"Dingle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dingle_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Kerry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerry_GAA"},{"link_name":"a.e.t.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtime_(sports)#Association_football"},{"link_name":"p","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"Castlehaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlehaven_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Cork)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_GAA"},{"link_name":"TUS Gaelic Grounds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUS_Gaelic_Grounds"},{"link_name":"IWT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Winter_Time"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.echolive.ie/corksport/arid-41287393.html"}],"sub_title":"Munster final","text":"Dingle (Kerry) v Castlehaven (Cork)\n10 December 2023 Final Dingle (Kerry) 0-13 (13) – (13) 0-13 (a.e.t.) (3–4 p) Castlehaven (Cork) TUS Gaelic Grounds14:00 IWT\nP Geaney (0-3 f), C Geaney (0-3 f), 0-4 each, N Geaney, C Flannery, M Flaherty, T O’Sullivan, D Geaney 0-1 each.\nReport\nB Hurley 0-7 (0-4 f, 0-1 45), C Maguire 0-4 (0-1 mark), M Collins 0-2.\nReferee: D O'Mahoney (Tipperary)","title":"Munster Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Ulster Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Derrygonnelly Harps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrygonnelly_Harps_GFC"},{"link_name":"(Fermanagh)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermanagh_GAA"},{"link_name":"Kilcoo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilcoo_GAC"},{"link_name":"(Down)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_GAA"},{"link_name":"Derrygonnelly Harps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrygonnelly_Harps_GFC"},{"link_name":"(Fermanagh)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermanagh_GAA"},{"link_name":"Kilcoo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilcoo_GAC"},{"link_name":"(Down)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_GAA"},{"link_name":"Brewster Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewster_Park_(Enniskillen)"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.bbc.com/sport/gaelic-games/67328365"}],"sub_title":"Ulster preliminary round","text":"Derrygonnelly Harps (Fermanagh) v Kilcoo (Down)\n5 November 2023 Preliminary round Derrygonnelly Harps (Fermanagh) 1-07 (10) – (19) 2-13 Kilcoo (Down) Brewster Park\nGary McKenna (1-1, 1f), Garvan Jones (0-4, 2f), Ryan Jones (0-01), Conall Jones (0-01, 1f)\nReport\nPaul Devlin (1-02,pen), Sean Og McCusker (1-01), Johnston (0-02), Eugene Brannigan (0-02), Niall Kane (0-01), Ryan McEvoy (0-01), Darryl Branagan (0-01), Aaron Morgan (0-01), Anthony Morgan (0-01), Ceilum Doherty (0-01)","title":"Ulster Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Trillick St Macartan's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trillick_St_Macartan%27s_GAC"},{"link_name":"(Tyrone)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrone_GAA"},{"link_name":"Crossmaglen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossmaglen_Rangers_GAC"},{"link_name":"(Armagh)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armagh_GAA"},{"link_name":"Trillick St Macartan's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trillick_St_Macartan%27s_GAC"},{"link_name":"(Tyrone)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrone_GAA"},{"link_name":"Crossmaglen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossmaglen_Rangers_GAC"},{"link_name":"(Armagh)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armagh_GAA"},{"link_name":"Healy Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healy_Park"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1111/1416021-trillick-prove-top-dogs-against-crossmaglen/"},{"link_name":"Glen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watty_Graham%27s_GAC,_Glen"},{"link_name":"(Derry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derry_GAA"},{"link_name":"Erin's Own","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erin%27s_Own_GAC,_Cargin"},{"link_name":"(Antrim)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antrim_GAA"},{"link_name":"Glen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watty_Graham%27s_GAC,_Glen"},{"link_name":"(Derry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derry_GAA"},{"link_name":"Erin's Own","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erin%27s_Own_GAC,_Cargin"},{"link_name":"(Antrim)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antrim_GAA"},{"link_name":"Celtic Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_Park_(Derry)"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1112/1416100-doherty-leads-glen-past-erins-own-into-ulster-semi/"},{"link_name":"Gowna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gowna_GFC"},{"link_name":"(Cavan)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavan_GAA"},{"link_name":"Naomh Conaill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomh_Conaill_CLCG"},{"link_name":"(Donegal)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donegal_GAA"},{"link_name":"Gowna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gowna_GFC"},{"link_name":"(Cavan)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavan_GAA"},{"link_name":"Naomh Conaill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomh_Conaill_CLCG"},{"link_name":"(Donegal)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donegal_GAA"},{"link_name":"Breffni Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breffni_Park"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.anglocelt.ie/2023/11/12/heartbreak-for-gowna-as-late-late-strike-sends-them-out/"},{"link_name":"Kilcoo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilcoo_GAC"},{"link_name":"(Down)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_GAA"},{"link_name":"Scotstown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotstown_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Monaghan)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaghan_GAA"},{"link_name":"Kilcoo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilcoo_GAC"},{"link_name":"(Down)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_GAA"},{"link_name":"Scotstown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotstown_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Monaghan)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaghan_GAA"},{"link_name":"Páirc Esler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1irc_Esler"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.irishexaminer.com/sport/gaa/arid-41268121.html"}],"sub_title":"Ulster quarter-finals","text":"Trillick St Macartan's (Tyrone) v Crossmaglen (Armagh)\n11 November 2023 Quarter-final Trillick St Macartan's (Tyrone) 0-09 (9) – (4) 0-04 Crossmaglen (Armagh) Healy Park\nR Donnelly (0-02), R Gray (0-02), L Brennan (0-02, 1f), James Garrity (0-02), C Daly (0-01)\nReport\nJ Clarke (0-02), R O’Neill (0-02, 2f)\nReferee: B Cassidy (Derry)Glen (Derry) v Erin's Own (Antrim)\n12 November 2023 Quarter-final Glen (Derry) 0-11 (11) – (7) 0-07 Erin's Own (Antrim) Celtic Park\nEmmett Bradley (0-04f), Jack Doherty (0-02), Danny Tallon (0-02f), Michael Warnock (0-01), Ciaran McFaul (0-01), Ethan Doherty (0-01)\nReport\nPat Shivers (0-03f), Michael McCann (0-2f), Paul McCann (0-01), Kieran Close (0-01)\nReferee: Conor Doureen (Cavan)Gowna (Cavan) v Naomh Conaill (Donegal)\n12 November 2023 Quarter-final Gowna (Cavan) 1-10 (13) – (14) 2-08 Naomh Conaill (Donegal) Breffni Park\nConor Brady (1-1), Cian Madden (0-2, 1f), C Casey (0-1m), T Madden (0-1), R Donohoe (0-1), M McKeever (0-1), R Fitzpatrick (0-1), O Pierson (0-1f), Conor Madden (0-1)\nReport\nL McLoone (1-1), K McGettigan (1-0), O Doherty (0-2), E Doherty (0-1), J MacCeallbhuí (0-1), J O’Malley (0-1f), AJ Gallagher (0-1), B McDyer (0-1)\nReferee: K Faloon (Armagh)Kilcoo (Down) v Scotstown (Monaghan)\n12 November 2023 Quarter-final Kilcoo (Down) 1-08 (11) – (12) 0-12 Scotstown (Monaghan) Páirc Esler\nP. Devlin (1-1, 1-0 p, 0-1 f), M. Rooney (0-1), D. Branagan (0-1), E. Branagan (0-1), Aaron Morgan (0-1), N. Kane (0-1, f), S. Johnston (0-1), Anthony Morgan (0-1)\nReport\nR. Beggan (0-3, 2 f), S. Carey (0-2), J. McCarron (0-2), J. Carey (0-2, 1m), C. McCarthy (0-1), D. Morgan (0-1), K. Hughes (0-1, 1m)\nReferee: N. Mooney (Cavan)","title":"Ulster Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Glen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watty_Graham%27s_GAC,_Glen"},{"link_name":"(Derry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derry_GAA"},{"link_name":"Naomh Conaill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomh_Conaill_CLCG"},{"link_name":"(Donegal)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donegal_GAA"},{"link_name":"Glen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watty_Graham%27s_GAC,_Glen"},{"link_name":"(Derry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derry_GAA"},{"link_name":"Naomh Conaill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomh_Conaill_CLCG"},{"link_name":"(Donegal)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donegal_GAA"},{"link_name":"Healy Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healy_Park"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.gaa.ie/football/news/aib-ulster-club-sfc-glen-defeat-naomh-conaill/"},{"link_name":"Trillick St Macartan's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trillick_St_Macartan%27s_GAC"},{"link_name":"(Tyrone)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrone_GAA"},{"link_name":"Scotstown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotstown_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Monaghan)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaghan_GAA"},{"link_name":"Trillick St Macartan's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trillick_St_Macartan%27s_GAC"},{"link_name":"(Tyrone)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrone_GAA"},{"link_name":"a.e.t.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtime_(sports)#Association_football"},{"link_name":"Scotstown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotstown_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Monaghan)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaghan_GAA"},{"link_name":"Athletic Grounds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletic_Grounds_(Armagh)"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.belfastlive.co.uk/sport/gaa/gaelic-football/trillick-vs-scotstown-live-score-28177207"}],"sub_title":"Ulster semi-finals","text":"Glen (Derry) v Naomh Conaill (Donegal)\n25 November 2023 Semi-final Glen (Derry) 0-10 (10) – (9) 1-06 Naomh Conaill (Donegal) Healy Park\nConleth McGuckian (1m) and Emmett Bradley (2fs) 0-3 each, Cathal Mulholland 0-2, Ciaran McFaul and Stevie O'Hara 0-1 each\nReport\nJohn O'Malley 1-0 (pen), Ciaran Thompson 0-3, Ethan O'Donnell, Brendan McDyer, and AJ Gallagher 0-1 each\nReferee: Sean Huson (Tyrone)Trillick St Macartan's (Tyrone) v Scotstown (Monaghan)\n26 November 2023 Semi-final Trillick St Macartan's (Tyrone) 1-13 (16) – (17) 0-17 (a.e.t.) Scotstown (Monaghan) Athletic Grounds\nL Brennan 0-5 (0-3fs, 0-1 45), S O’Donnell 1-1, R Brennan 0-1, R Donnelly 0-1, C Daly 0-1, R Gray 0-1, D Donnelly 0-1, J Garrity 0-1, C Garrity 0-1\nReport\nJ McCarron 0-4 (0-3fs), S Carey 0-3 (0-2fs), M Maguire 0-2, K Hughes 0-2, R Beggan 0-1 (0-1 45), R O’Toole 0-1, C McCarthy 0-1, D Morgan 0-1, E Caulfield 0-1, M McCarville 0-1\nReferee: K Faloon (Armagh)","title":"Ulster Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Glen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watty_Graham%27s_GAC,_Glen"},{"link_name":"(Derry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derry_GAA"},{"link_name":"Scotstown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotstown_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Monaghan)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaghan_GAA"},{"link_name":"Glen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watty_Graham%27s_GAC,_Glen"},{"link_name":"(Derry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derry_GAA"},{"link_name":"Scotstown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotstown_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Monaghan)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaghan_GAA"},{"link_name":"Athletic Grounds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletic_Grounds_(Armagh)"},{"link_name":"GMT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMT"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.irishexaminer.com/sport/gaa/arid-41287492.html"}],"sub_title":"Ulster final","text":"Glen (Derry) v Scotstown (Monaghan)\n10 December 2023 Final Glen (Derry) 0-13 (13) – (11) 0-11 Scotstown (Monaghan) Athletic Grounds16:00 GMT\nD Tallon (2 frees), E Mulholland (0-3 each); C Glass (0-2, 1 free); R Dougan, E Doherty, T Flanagan, C McFaul, J McDermott (0-1 each).\nReport\nS Carey (0-3, 3 frees); K Hughes, J Hamill (0-2 each); J McCarron, C McCarthy, D Hughe, R Beggan (0-1 each).","title":"Ulster Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"St Brigid's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brigid%27s_GAA_(Roscommon)"},{"link_name":"(Roscommon)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscommon_GAA"},{"link_name":"Castlehaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlehaven_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Cork)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Brigid's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brigid%27s_GAA_(Roscommon)"},{"link_name":"(Roscommon)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscommon_GAA"},{"link_name":"Castlehaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlehaven_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Cork)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_GAA"},{"link_name":"Semple Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semple_Stadium"},{"link_name":"IWT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Winter_Time"},{"link_name":"UTC±0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%C2%B10"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.irishexaminer.com/sport/gaa/arid-41303773.html"},{"link_name":"Glen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watty_Graham%27s_GAC,_Glen"},{"link_name":"(Derry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derry_GAA"},{"link_name":"Kilmacud Crokes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmacud_Crokes_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Dublin)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_GAA"},{"link_name":"Glen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watty_Graham%27s_GAC,_Glen"},{"link_name":"(Derry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derry_GAA"},{"link_name":"Kilmacud Crokes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmacud_Crokes_GAA"},{"link_name":"(Dublin)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_GAA"},{"link_name":"Páirc Esler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1irc_Esler"},{"link_name":"IWT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Winter_Time"},{"link_name":"UTC±0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%C2%B10"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.belfastlive.co.uk/sport/gaa/gaelic-football/glen-vs-kilmacud-crokes-live-28405300"}],"sub_title":"All-Ireland semi-finals","text":"St Brigid's (Roscommon) v Castlehaven (Cork)\n7 January 2024 Semi-final St Brigid's (Roscommon) 1-11 (14) – (10) 0-10 Castlehaven (Cork) Semple Stadium13:45 IWT (UTC±0)\nB Derwin 1-1, B Nugent (1f), B O‘Carroll (1 pen) 0-3 each, C Sugrue, R Dolan, J Cunningham, P McGrath 0-1 each.\nReport\nB Hurley 0-7 (3f, 1 ‘45’), C Maguire 0-2, M Hurley 0-1.\nReferee: D ColdrickGlen (Derry) v Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin)\n7 January 2024 Semi-final Glen (Derry) 1-14 (17) – (16) 2-10 Kilmacud Crokes (Dublin) Páirc Esler15:45 IWT (UTC±0)\nD Tallon 0-5 (4fs), E Doherty 1-0, E Bradley 0-3 (2fs), M Warnock, C McFaul, C Mulholland, C Glass, E Mulholland, A Doherty all 0-1 each.\nReport\nS Walsh 1-2 (0-1 45), P Mannion 0-4 (2fs), H Kenny 1-0, D Higgins, C O'Connor, L Ward, M O'Leary all 0-1 each.\nReferee: C Lane","title":"All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Glen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watty_Graham%27s_GAC,_Glen"},{"link_name":"(Derry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derry_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Brigid's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brigid%27s_GAA_(Roscommon)"},{"link_name":"(Roscommon)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscommon_GAA"},{"link_name":"Glen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watty_Graham%27s_GAC,_Glen"},{"link_name":"(Derry)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derry_GAA"},{"link_name":"St Brigid's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brigid%27s_GAA_(Roscommon)"},{"link_name":"(Roscommon)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscommon_GAA"},{"link_name":"Croke Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croke_Park"},{"link_name":"IWT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Winter_Time"},{"link_name":"UTC±0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%C2%B10"},{"link_name":"Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.independent.ie/sport/gaelic-games/gaelic-football/glen-produce-stunning-fightback-to-win-all-ireland-senior-club-title/a967474475.html"}],"sub_title":"All-Ireland final","text":"Glen (Derry) v St Brigid's (Roscommon)\n21 January 2024 Final Glen (Derry) 2-10 (16) – (15) 1-12 St Brigid's (Roscommon) Croke Park15:00 IWT (UTC±0)\nC Glass 1-2 (1 ‘45’), E Bradley 0-4 (3f), J McDermott 1-0, C McFaul, E Doherty, M Warnock, C McGuckian 0-1 each.\nReport\nB Derwin 1-1, B O’Carroll 0-3 (2f, 1m), R Fallon, E Nolan 0-2 each, B Stack, B Nugent, C Sugrue, S Cunnane (f) 0-1 each.\nReferee: B Cawley (Kildare)","title":"All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Championship statistics"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Top scorers","text":"OverallIn a single game","title":"Championship statistics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kilmacud Crokes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmacud_Crokes_GAA"},{"link_name":"Leinster Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinster_Senior_Club_Football_Championship"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"Dingle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dingle_GAA"},{"link_name":"Munster final","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munster_Senior_Club_Football_Championship#List_of_finals"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"}],"sub_title":"Miscellaneous","text":"Kilmacud Crokes became the first team to win three successive Leinster Championship titles.[40]\nDingle qualified for the Munster final for the first time in their history.[41]","title":"Championship statistics"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"2023 Munster club hurling and football championship draws confirmed\". Hogan Stand. 11 August 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://hoganstand.com/Article/Index/328834","url_text":"\"2023 Munster club hurling and football championship draws confirmed\""}]},{"reference":"O'Toole, Fintan (23 January 2023). \"Kilmacud make amends to hold on against Glen and claim All-Ireland glory\". The42.ie. Retrieved 23 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.the42.ie/kilmacud-glen-all-ireland-club-football-5975555-Jan2023/","url_text":"\"Kilmacud make amends to hold on against Glen and claim All-Ireland glory\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The42.ie","url_text":"The42.ie"}]},{"reference":"\"All-Ireland club final: Kilmacud Crokes 1-11 Glen 1-09 - recap\". RTE Sport. 21 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/0122/1350126-all-ireland-club-final-kilmacud-crokes-v-glen-updates/","url_text":"\"All-Ireland club final: Kilmacud Crokes 1-11 Glen 1-09 - recap\""}]},{"reference":"Fogarty, John (7 January 2024). \"Glen avenge All-Ireland final defeat with dramatic one-point win over Kilmacud Crokes\". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 21 January 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/gaa/arid-41303851.htmla967474475.html","url_text":"\"Glen avenge All-Ireland final defeat with dramatic one-point win over Kilmacud Crokes\""}]},{"reference":"Manning, Gordon (21 January 2024). \"Stunning comeback gives Glen first ever All-Ireland club title\". Irish Times. Retrieved 21 January 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/2024/01/21/stunning-comeback-gives-glen-first-ever-all-ireland-club-title/","url_text":"\"Stunning comeback gives Glen first ever All-Ireland club title\""}]},{"reference":"Roche, Frank (21 January 2024). \"Glen produce stunning fightback to win All-Ireland senior club title\". Irish Independent. Retrieved 21 January 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.ie/sport/gaelic-games/gaelic-football/glen-produce-stunning-fightback-to-win-all-ireland-senior-club-title/a967474475.html","url_text":"\"Glen produce stunning fightback to win All-Ireland senior club title\""}]},{"reference":"\"Football club final recap: Glen 2-10 St Brigid's 1-12\". RTE Sport. 21 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2024/0121/1427756-club-football-final-glen-v-st-brigids-updates/","url_text":"\"Football club final recap: Glen 2-10 St Brigid's 1-12\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ballina break Breaffy hearts in Mayo senior football final\". Connaught Telagraph. 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.con-telegraph.ie/2023/10/29/ballina-break-breaffy-hearts-in-mayo-senior-football-final/","url_text":"\"Ballina break Breaffy hearts in Mayo senior football final\""}]},{"reference":"Stapleton, Kevin (29 October 2023). \"Blessington edge out Rathnew in replayed Wicklow final\". RTÉ. Retrieved 29 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1029/1413614-blessington-edge-out-rathnew-in-replayed-wicklow-final/","url_text":"\"Blessington edge out Rathnew in replayed Wicklow final\""}]},{"reference":"O'Connell, Dylan (29 October 2023). \"Hurleys to fore as Castlehaven beat Nemo win Cork football crown\". RTÉ. Retrieved 29 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1029/1413615-hurleys-to-fore-as-castlehaven-sink-nemo-in-cork-sfc/","url_text":"\"Hurleys to fore as Castlehaven beat Nemo win Cork football crown\""}]},{"reference":"\"Coolera-Strandhill crowned Sligo SFC champions after overcoming St Molaise Gaels\". www.rte.ie. RTÉ. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1022/1412334-coolera-strandhill-beat-st-molaise-to-sligo-sfc-title/","url_text":"\"Coolera-Strandhill crowned Sligo SFC champions after overcoming St Molaise Gaels\""}]},{"reference":"\"Coolera-Strandhill crowned Sligo SFC champions after overcoming St Molaise Gaels\". www.rte.ie. RTÉ. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1022/1412334-coolera-strandhill-beat-st-molaise-to-sligo-sfc-title/","url_text":"\"Coolera-Strandhill crowned Sligo SFC champions after overcoming St Molaise Gaels\""}]},{"reference":"\"Corofin kings of Galway after seeing off Maigh Cuilinn\". www.rte.ie. RTÉ. 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1105/1414736-corofin-kings-of-galway-after-seeing-off-maigh-cuilinn/","url_text":"\"Corofin kings of Galway after seeing off Maigh Cuilinn\""}]},{"reference":"O'Muircheartaigh, Joe (15 October 2023). \"Ice-cool McInerney delivers the goods for Cratloe\". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 15 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/gaa/arid-41248516.html","url_text":"\"Ice-cool McInerney delivers the goods for Cratloe\""}]},{"reference":"Malone, Steve (22 October 2023). \"Crossmaglen beat Clan na Gael to win 47th Armagh SFC title\". RTÉ. Retrieved 27 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1022/1412348-crossmaglen-beat-clan-na-gael-to-win-47th-armagh-title/","url_text":"\"Crossmaglen beat Clan na Gael to win 47th Armagh SFC title\""}]},{"reference":"Archer, Kenny (22 October 2023). \"Derrygonnelly see off Erne Gaels in dramatic Fermanagh SFC Final finish\". The Irish News. Retrieved 22 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishnews.com/sport/gaafootball/2023/10/22/news/fermanagh_sfc_final_report_-_derrygonnelly_erne_gaels-3718103/","url_text":"\"Derrygonnelly see off Erne Gaels in dramatic Fermanagh SFC Final finish\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Irish_News","url_text":"The Irish News"}]},{"reference":"Morrissy, Kim (24 October 2023). \"2023 Kerry Club GAA Fixtures: The County Final Is Taking Shape\". balls.ie. Retrieved 27 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.balls.ie/gaa/kerry-club-championship-fixtures-when-does-david-cliffords-club-play-final-565993","url_text":"\"2023 Kerry Club GAA Fixtures: The County Final Is Taking Shape\""}]},{"reference":"Keane, Paul (1 October 2023). \"Eire Og defeat Tinryland in Carlow county final\". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 8 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/gaa/arid-41238385.html","url_text":"\"Eire Og defeat Tinryland in Carlow county final\""}]},{"reference":"Mohan, David (8 October 2023). \"Conhuir Johnston goals the difference as Erins Own Cargin retain Antrim SFC title\". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 8 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/gaa/arid-41243467.html","url_text":"\"Conhuir Johnston goals the difference as Erins Own Cargin retain Antrim SFC title\""}]},{"reference":"Martin, Conor (29 October 2023). \"Fulham Irish surge to fourth London SFC crown\". RTÉ. Retrieved 29 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1029/1413613-fulham-irish-surge-to-fourth-london-sfc-crown/","url_text":"\"Fulham Irish surge to fourth London SFC crown\""}]},{"reference":"Wilson, Michael (29 October 2023). \"Glen overcome sluggish start to seal three-in-a-row in the Derry SFC\". RTÉ. 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Hogan Stand. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://hoganstand.com/article/index/329522","url_text":"\"Late points see Mohill dethrone St Mary's for ninth Leitrim SFC title\""}]},{"reference":"\"Naas toast 'best times of our lives' after third Kildare title on trot\". Irish Examiner. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/gaa/arid-41253361.html","url_text":"\"Naas toast 'best times of our lives' after third Kildare title on trot\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Examiner","url_text":"Irish Examiner"}]},{"reference":"\"Magnificent seven for Naomh Conaill in Donegal decider\". RTÉ. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1022/1412263-magnificent-seven-for-naomh-conaill-in-donegal-decider/","url_text":"\"Magnificent seven for Naomh Conaill in Donegal decider\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89","url_text":"RTÉ"}]},{"reference":"\"Hurley kicks Newcastle West to three in a row\". Irish Examiner. 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/gaa/arid-41263102.html","url_text":"\"Hurley kicks Newcastle West to three in a row\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Examiner","url_text":"Irish Examiner"}]},{"reference":"\"MRathgormack end final pain to secure Waterford crown\". RTÉ. 29 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1029/1413622-rathgormack-end-final-pain-to-secure-waterford-crown/","url_text":"\"MRathgormack end final pain to secure Waterford crown\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89","url_text":"RTÉ"}]},{"reference":"\"Magnificent seven for Naomh Conaill in Donegal decider\". RTÉ. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1022/1412263-magnificent-seven-for-naomh-conaill-in-donegal-decider/","url_text":"\"Magnificent seven for Naomh Conaill in Donegal decider\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89","url_text":"RTÉ"}]},{"reference":"Boyle, Donnchadh (1 October 2023). \"St Loman's win 10th Westmeath SFC title after narrow win over Coralstown Kinnegad\". Irish Independent. Retrieved 8 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.ie/sport/gaelic-games/gaelic-football/st-lomans-win-10th-westmeath-sfc-title-after-narrow-win-over-coralstown-kinnegad/a1336092787.html","url_text":"\"St Loman's win 10th Westmeath SFC title after narrow win over Coralstown Kinnegad\""}]},{"reference":"Fagan, Ronan (15 October 2023). \"Hearne the hero as Shelmaliers reign supreme in Wexford SFC\". RTÉ. Retrieved 15 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1015/1410995-hearne-the-hero-as-shelmaliers-reign-supreme-in-wexford/","url_text":"\"Hearne the hero as Shelmaliers reign supreme in Wexford SFC\""}]},{"reference":"\"St Brigid's break Boyle hearts in tight Roscommon final\". RTÉ. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1022/1412255-st-brigids-edge-out-boyle-in-tight-roscommon-decider/","url_text":"\"St Brigid's break Boyle hearts in tight Roscommon final\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89","url_text":"RTÉ"}]},{"reference":"\"Ardee St. Mary's earn back-to-back Louth titles\". RTÉ. 22 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1022/1412257-ardee-st-marys-earn-back-to-back-louth-titles/","url_text":"\"Ardee St. Mary's earn back-to-back Louth titles\""}]},{"reference":"Hartnett, Alan (15 October 2023). \"St Joseph's end 23-year wait for Laois glory\". RTÉ. Retrieved 15 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1015/1410993-st-josephs-end-23-year-wait-for-laois-glory/","url_text":"\"St Joseph's end 23-year wait for Laois glory\""}]},{"reference":"Keane, Paul (8 October 2023). \"Jubilant Summerhill return to the Meath summit\". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 8 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/gaa/arid-41243536.html","url_text":"\"Jubilant Summerhill return to the Meath summit\""}]},{"reference":"Boyle, Donnchadh (24 September 2023). \"Tullamore hold off Ferbane to win low-scoring Offaly SFC final\". Irish Independent. Retrieved 24 September 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.ie/sport/gaelic-games/gaelic-football/tullamore-hold-off-ferbane-to-win-low-scoring-offaly-sfc-final/a992071186.html","url_text":"\"Tullamore hold off Ferbane to win low-scoring Offaly SFC final\""}]},{"reference":"Mooney, Francis (29 October 2023). \"Trillick prevail in Tyrone as holders' curse continues\". RTÉ. Retrieved 30 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1029/1413616-trillick-prevail-in-tyrone-as-holders-curse-continues/","url_text":"\"Trillick prevail in Tyrone as holders' curse continues\""}]},{"reference":"Keane, Paul (2 December 2023). \"Shane Walsh on song as Crokes seal Leinster three-in-a-row\". RTÉ. Retrieved 7 December 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/sport/football/2023/1202/1419770-crokes-seal-leinster-three-in-a-row-against-gritty-naas/","url_text":"\"Shane Walsh on song as Crokes seal Leinster three-in-a-row\""}]},{"reference":"Fogarty, John (26 November 2023). \"Dylan Geaney leads Dingle into first Munster SFC decider\". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 7 December 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/gaa/arid-41277460.html","url_text":"\"Dylan Geaney leads Dingle into first Munster SFC decider\""}]}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Cavalry_Corps_(Soviet_Union)
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6th Cavalry Corps (Soviet Union)
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["1 Organization","2 Commanders","3 References","3.1 Citations","3.2 Bibliography"]
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "6th Cavalry Corps" Soviet Union – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
6th Cavalry CorpsAllegianceSoviet UnionBranchSoviet Red ArmyEngagementsSoviet invasion of PolandMilitary unit
The 6th Cavalry Corps was a corps of the Soviet Red Army. It was part of the 11th Army. It took part in the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939.
On 23 June 1941, Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen's 8th Air Corps decimated the corps, operating as part of Western Front, when the 6th Cavalry Corps attempted a counterattack near Grodno. Richthofen threw all available aircraft at the thrust and played a vital role in its defeat. The Soviet corps suffered 50 per cent casualties, mostly from air attack. In 500 sorties, Richthofen's 8th Air Corps claimed 30 tanks and 50 motor vehicles.
Organization
4th Cavalry Division
6th Cavalry Division
11th Cavalry Division
Commanders
Corps commanders:
Komdiv Yelisey Goryachev (17.07.1935 - 25.01.1938),
Komdiv Georgy Zhukov (25.02.1938 - 10.06.1938),
Komkor Andrey Yeryomenko (10.06.1938 - 04.06.1940),
Major general Ivan Semenovich Nikitin (04.06.1940 - 06.07.1941) (POW, executed in captivity in 1942);
References
Citations
^ a b Bergström 2007, p. 23.
Bibliography
Bergström, Christer (2007). Barbarossa – The Air Battle: July–December 1941. London: Chevron/Ian Allan. ISBN 978-1-85780-270-2.
vte Soviet Union corpsAirborneGuards
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126 (Light Mountain Rifle)
127 (Light Mountain Rifle)
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137RocketGuards
3
7
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24TankGuards
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31Army corps(1957–1991)Guards
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86Other
Special Corps
This Russian military article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Soviet Red Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Red_Army"},{"link_name":"11th Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_Army_(Soviet_Union)"},{"link_name":"Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram_Freiherr_von_Richthofen"},{"link_name":"8th Air Corps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Air_Corps_(Germany)"},{"link_name":"Western Front","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Front_(Soviet_Union)"},{"link_name":"Grodno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grodno"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergstr%C3%B6m200723-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergstr%C3%B6m200723-1"}],"text":"Military unitThe 6th Cavalry Corps was a corps of the Soviet Red Army. It was part of the 11th Army. It took part in the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939.On 23 June 1941, Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen's 8th Air Corps decimated the corps, operating as part of Western Front, when the 6th Cavalry Corps attempted a counterattack near Grodno. Richthofen threw all available aircraft at the thrust and played a vital role in its defeat.[1] The Soviet corps suffered 50 per cent casualties, mostly from air attack. In 500 sorties, Richthofen's 8th Air Corps claimed 30 tanks and 50 motor vehicles.[1]","title":"6th Cavalry Corps (Soviet Union)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"4th Cavalry Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4th_Cavalry_Division_(Soviet_Union)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"6th Cavalry Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Cavalry_Division_(Soviet_Union)"},{"link_name":"11th Cavalry Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=11th_Cavalry_Division_(Soviet_Union)&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"4th Cavalry Division\n6th Cavalry Division\n11th Cavalry Division","title":"Organization"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Komdiv","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komdiv"},{"link_name":"Yelisey Goryachev","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelisey_Goryachev"},{"link_name":"Komdiv","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komdiv"},{"link_name":"Georgy Zhukov","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgy_Zhukov"},{"link_name":"Komkor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komkor"},{"link_name":"Andrey Yeryomenko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Yeryomenko"}],"text":"Corps commanders:Komdiv Yelisey Goryachev (17.07.1935 - 25.01.1938),\nKomdiv Georgy Zhukov (25.02.1938 - 10.06.1938),\nKomkor Andrey Yeryomenko (10.06.1938 - 04.06.1940),\nMajor general Ivan Semenovich Nikitin (04.06.1940 - 06.07.1941) (POW, executed in captivity in 1942);","title":"Commanders"}]
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[{"reference":"Bergström, Christer (2007). Barbarossa – The Air Battle: July–December 1941. London: Chevron/Ian Allan. ISBN 978-1-85780-270-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85780-270-2","url_text":"978-1-85780-270-2"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loa_loa_filariasis
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Loa loa filariasis
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["1 Signs and symptoms","2 Cause","2.1 Transmission","2.2 Reservoir","2.3 Vector","2.4 Morphology","2.5 Lifecycle","3 Diagnosis","4 Prevention","5 Treatment","6 Epidemiology","7 History","8 Synonyms","9 References","10 External links"]
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This article is about the disease. For the parasite, see Loa loa.
"Eye worm" redirects here. For another parasitic nematode known as "eye worm", see Thelazia.
Medical conditionLoa loa filariasisOther namesloiasis, loaiasis, Calabar swellings, fugitive swelling, tropical swelling,: 439 African eyewormLoa loa microfilaria in thin blood smear (Giemsa stain)SpecialtyInfectious diseases, tropical medicine
Loa loa filariasis, (Loiasis) is a skin and eye disease caused by the nematode worm Loa loa. Humans contract this disease through the bite of a deer fly (Chrysops spp.) or mango fly, the vectors for Loa loa. The adult Loa loa filarial worm can reach from three to seven centimetres long and migrates throughout the subcutaneous tissues of humans, occasionally crossing into subconjunctival tissues of the eye where it can be easily observed. Loa loa does not normally affect vision but can be painful when moving about the eyeball or across the bridge of the nose. Loiasis can cause red itchy swellings below the skin called "Calabar swellings". The disease is treated with the drug diethylcarbamazine (DEC), and when appropriate, surgical methods may be employed to remove adult worms from the conjunctiva. Loiasis belongs to the group of neglected tropical diseases, and there is a call for it to be included in the high priority listing.
Signs and symptoms
A filariasis such as loiasis most often consists of asymptomatic microfilaremia. Some patients can develop lymphatic dysfunction causing lymphedema. Episodic angioedema (Calabar swellings) in the arms and legs, caused by immune reactions, are common. Calabar swellings are 3–10 cm (1.2–3.9 in) in surface area, sometimes erythematous, and not pitting. When chronic, they can form cyst-like enlargements of the connective tissue around the sheaths of muscle tendons, becoming very painful when moved. The swellings may last for one to three days and may be accompanied by localized urticaria (skin eruptions) and pruritus (itching). They reappear at referent locations at irregular time intervals. Subconjunctival migration of an adult worm to the eyes can also occur frequently, and this is the reason Loa loa is also called the "African eye worm". The passage over the eyeball can be sensed, but it usually takes less than 15 minutes. Eyeworms affect men and women equally, but advanced age is a risk factor. Eosinophilia is often prominent in filarial infections. Dead worms may cause chronic abscesses, which may lead to the formation of granulomatous reactions and fibrosis.
In the human host, Loa loa larvae migrate to the subcutaneous tissue, where they mature to adult worms in approximately one year, but sometimes up to four years. Adult worms migrate in the subcutaneous tissues at a speed less than 1 cm/min, mating and producing more microfilariae. The adult worms can live up to 17 years in the human host.
Cause
Transmission
Loa loa infective larvae (L3) are transmitted to humans by the deer fly vectors Chrysops silica and C. dimidiata. These carriers are blood-sucking and day-biting, and they are found in rainforest-like environments in western and central Africa. Infective larvae (L3) mature to adults (L5) in the subcutaneous tissues of the human host, after which the adult worms—assuming presence of a male and female worm—mate and produce microfilariae. The cycle of infection continues when a non-infected mango or deer fly takes a blood meal from a microfilaremic human host, and this stage of the transmission is possible because of the combination of the diurnal periodicity of microfilariae and the day-biting tendencies of the Chrysops spp.
Reservoir
Humans are the primary reservoir for Loa loa. Other minor potential reservoirs have been indicated in various fly-biting habit studies, such as hippopotamus, wild ruminants (e.g. buffalo), rodents and lizards. A simian type of loiasis exists in monkeys and apes but it is transmitted by Chrysops langi. There is no crossover between the human and simian types of the disease. A related fly, Chrysops langi, has been isolated as a vector of simian loiasis, but this variant hunts within the forest and has not as yet been associated with human infection.
Vector
Loa loa is transmitted by several species of tabanid flies (Order: Diptera; Family: Tabanidae). Although horseflies of the genus Tabanus are often mentioned as vectors, the two most prominent vectors are from the tabanid genus Chrysops—C. silacea and C. dimidiata. These species exist only in Africa and are popularly known as deer flies and mango, or mangrove, flies.
Chrysops spp. are small (5–20 mm, 0.20–0.79 in long) with a large head and downward-pointing mouthparts. Their wings are clear or speckled brown. They are hematophagous and typically live in forested and muddy habitats like swamps, streams and reservoirs, and in rotting vegetation. Female mango and deer flies require a blood meal for production of a second batch of eggs. This batch is deposited near water, where the eggs hatch in 5–7 days. The larvae mature in water or soil, where they feed on organic material such as decaying animal and vegetable products. Fly larvae are 1–6 cm (0.39–2.36 in) long and take 1–3 years to mature from egg to adult. When fully mature, C. silacea and C. dimidiata assume the day-biting tendencies of all tabanids.
The bite of the mango fly can be very painful, possibly because of the laceration style employed; rather than puncturing the skin as a mosquito does, the mango fly (and deer fly) makes a laceration in the skin and subsequently laps up the blood. Female flies require a fair amount of blood for their aforementioned reproductive purposes and thus may take multiple blood meals from the same host if disturbed during the first one.
Although Chrysops silacea and C. dimidiata are attracted to canopied rainforests, they do not do their biting there. Instead, they leave the forest and take most blood meals in open areas. The flies are attracted to smoke from wood fires and they use visual cues and sensation of carbon dioxide plumes to find their preferred host, humans.
A study of Chrysops spp. biting habits showed that C. silacea and C. dimidiata take human blood meals approximately 90% of the time, with hippopotamus, wild ruminant, rodent and lizard blood meals making up the other 10%.
Morphology
Adult Loa worms are sexually dimorphic, with males considerably smaller than females at 30–34 mm long and 0.35–0.42 mm wide compared to 40–70 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. Adults live in the subcutaneous tissues of humans, where they mate and produce wormlike eggs called microfilariae. These microfilariae are 250–300 μm long, 6–8 μm wide and can be distinguished morphologically from other filariae, as they are sheathed and contain body nuclei that extend to the tip of the tail.
Lifecycle
Loa loa life cycle. Source: CDC
The vector for Loa loa filariasis originates with flies from two hematophagous species of the genus Chrysops (deer flies), C. silacea and C. dimidiata. During a blood meal, an infected fly (genus Chrysops, day-biting flies) introduces third-stage filarial larvae onto the skin of the human host, where they penetrate into the bite wound. The larvae develop into adults that commonly reside in subcutaneous tissue. The female worms measure 40 to 70 mm in length and 0.5 mm in diameter, while the males measure 30 to 34 mm in length and 0.35 to 0.43 mm in diameter. Adults produce microfilariae measuring 250 to 300 μm by 6 to 8 μm, which are sheathed and have diurnal periodicity. Microfilariae have been recovered from spinal fluids, urine and sputum. During the day, they are found in peripheral blood, but during the noncirculation phase, they are found in the lungs. The fly ingests microfilariae during a blood meal. After ingestion, the microfilariae lose their sheaths and migrate from the fly's midgut through the hemocoel to the thoracic muscles of the arthropod. There the microfilariae develop into first-stage larvae and subsequently into third-stage infective larvae. The third-stage infective larvae migrate to the fly's proboscis and can infect another human when the fly takes a blood meal.
Diagnosis
Microscopic examination of microfilariae is a practical diagnostic procedure to find Loa loa. It is important to time the blood collection with the known periodicity of the microfilariae (between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m.). The blood sample can be a thick smear, stained with Giemsa or haematoxylin and eosin (see staining). For increased sensitivity, concentration techniques can be used. These include centrifugation of the blood sample lyzed in 2% formalin (Knott's technique), or filtration through a nucleopore membrane.
Antigen detection using an immunoassay for circulating filarial antigens constitutes a useful diagnostic approach, because microfilaremia can be low and variable. Though the Institute for Tropical Medicine reports that no serologic diagnostics are available, tests that are highly specific to Loa loa have been developed in recent years. This is despite the fact that many recently developed methods of antibody detection are of limited value because substantial antigenic cross-reactivity exists between filaria and other parasitic worms (helminths), and that a positive serologic test does not necessarily distinguish among infections. The new tests have not reached the point-of-care level yet, but show promise for highlighting high-risk areas and individuals with co-endemic loiasis and onchocerciasis. Specifically, Thomas Nutman and colleagues at the National Institutes of Health have described the a luciferase immunoprecipitation assay (LIPS) and the related QLIPS (quick version). Whereas a previously described LISXP-1 ELISA test had a poor sensitivity (55%), the QLIPS test is practical, as it requires only a 15 minutes incubation, while delivering high sensitivity (97%) and specificity (100%). No report on the distribution status of LIPS or QLIPS testing is available, but these tests would help to limit complications derived from mass ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis or dangerous strong doses of diethylcarbamazine for loiasis alone (as pertains to individual with high Loa loa microfilarial loads).
Calabar swellings are the primary tool for visual diagnosis. Identification of adult worms is possible from tissue samples collected during subcutaneous biopsies. Adult worms migrating across the eye are another potential diagnostic, but the short timeframe for the worm's passage through the conjunctiva makes this observation less common.
In the past, healthcare providers used a provocative injection of Dirofilaria immitis as a skin-test antigen for filariasis diagnosis. If the patient was infected, the extract would cause an artificial allergic reaction and associated Calabar swelling similar to that caused, in theory, by metabolic products of the worm or dead worms.
Blood tests to reveal microfilaremia are useful in many, but not all cases, as one-third of loiasis patients are amicrofilaremic. By contrast, eosinophilia is almost guaranteed in cases of loiasis, and blood testing for eosinophil fraction may be useful.
Prevention
Diethylcarbamazine has been shown as an effective prophylaxis for Loa loa infection.
A study of Peace Corps volunteers in the highly Loa—endemic Gabon, for example, had the following results: 6 of 20 individuals in a placebo group contracted the disease, compared to 0 of 16 in the DEC-treated group. Seropositivity for antifilarial IgG antibody was also much higher in the placebo group. The recommended prophylactic dose is 300 mg DEC given orally once weekly. The only associated symptom in the Peace Corps study was nausea.
Researchers believe that geo-mapping of appropriate habitat and human settlement patterns may, with the use of predictor variables such as forest, land cover, rainfall, temperature, and soil type, allow for estimation of Loa loa transmission in the absence of point-of-care diagnostic tests. In addition to geo-mapping and chemoprophylaxis, the same preventative strategies used for malaria should be undertaken to avoid contraction of loiasis. Specifically, DEET-containing insect repellent, permethrin-soaked clothing, and thick, long-sleeved and long-legged clothing ought to be worn to decrease susceptibility to the bite of the mango or deer fly vector. Because the vector is day-biting, mosquito (bed) nets do not increase protection against loiasis.
Vector elimination strategies are an interesting consideration. It has been shown that the Chrysops vector has a limited flying range, but vector elimination efforts are not common, likely because the insects bite outdoors and have a diverse, if not long, range, living in the forest and biting in the open, as mentioned in the vector section. No vaccine has been developed for loiasis and there is little report on this possibility.
Treatment
Treatment of loiasis involves chemotherapy or, in some cases, surgical removal of adult worms followed by systemic treatment. The current drug of choice for therapy is diethylcarbamazine (DEC), though ivermectin use while not curative (i.e., it will not kill the adult worms) can substantially reduce the microfilarial load. The recommended dosage of DEC is 8–10 mg/kg/d taken three times daily for 21 days per CDC. The pediatric dose is the same. DEC is effective against microfilariae and somewhat effective against macrofilariae (adult worms). The recommended dosage of ivermectin is 150 μg/kg in patients with a low microfilaria load (with densities less than 8000 mf/mL).
In patients with high microfilaria load and/or the possibility of an onchocerciasis coinfection, treatment with DEC and/or ivermectin may be contraindicated or require a substantially lower initial dose, as the rapid microfilaricidal actions of the drugs can provoke encephalopathy. In these cases, initial albendazole administration has proved helpful (and is superior to ivermectin, which can also be risky despite its slower-acting microfilaricidal effects over DEC). The CDC recommended dosage for albendazole is 200 mg taken twice a day for 21 days. Also, in cases where two or more DEC treatments have failed to provide a cure, subsequent albendazole treatment can be administered.
Management of Loa loa infection in some instances can involve surgery, though the timeframe during which surgical removal of the worm must be carried out is very short. A detailed surgical strategy to remove an adult worm is as follows (from a real case in New York City). The 2007 procedure to remove an adult worm from a male Gabonian immigrant employed proparacaine and povidone-iodine drops, a wire eyelid speculum, and 0.5 ml 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000, injected superiorly. A 2-mm incision was made and the immobile worm was removed with forceps. Gatifloxacin drops and an eye-patch over ointment were utilized post surgery and there were no complications (unfortunately, the patient did not return for DEC therapy to manage the additional worm—and microfilariae—present in his body).
Epidemiology
As of 2009, loiasis is endemic to 11 countries, all in western or central Africa, and an estimated 12–13 million people have the disease. The highest incidence is seen in Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Nigeria, Gabon, and Equatorial Guinea. The rates of Loa loa infection are lower but it is still present in and Angola, Benin, Chad and Uganda. The disease was once endemic to the western African countries of Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast and Mali but has since disappeared.
Throughout Loa loa-endemic regions, infection rates vary from 9 to 70 percent of the population. Areas at high risk of severe adverse reactions to mass treatment (with Ivermectin) are at present determined by the prevalence in a population of >20% microfilaremia, which has been recently shown in eastern Cameroon (2007 study), for example, among other locales in the region.
Endemicity is closely linked to the habitats of the two known human loiasis vectors, Chrysops dimidiata and C. silicea.
Cases have been reported on occasion in the United States but are restricted to travelers who have returned from endemic regions.
In the 1990s, the only method of determining Loa loa intensity was with microscopic examination of standardized blood smears, which is not practical in endemic regions. Because mass diagnostic methods were not available, complications started to surface once mass ivermectin treatment programs started being carried out for onchocerciasis, another filariasis. Ivermectin, a microfilaricidal drug, may be contraindicated in patients who are co-infected with loiasis and have associated high microfilarial loads. The theory is that the killing of massive numbers of microfilaria, some of which may be near the ocular and brain region, can lead to encephalopathy. Indeed, cases of this have been documented so frequently over the last decade that a term has been given for this set of complication: neurologic serious adverse events (SAEs).
Advanced diagnostic methods have been developed since the appearance the SAEs, but more specific diagnostic tests that have been or are currently being development (see: Diagnostics) must to be supported and distributed if adequate loiasis surveillance is to be achieved.
There is much overlap between the endemicity of the two distinct filariases, which complicates mass treatment programs for onchocerciasis and necessitates the development of greater diagnostics for loiasis.
In Central and West Africa, initiatives to control onchocerciasis involve mass treatment with ivermectin. However, these regions typically have high rates of co-infection with both L. loa and O. volvulus, and mass treatment with ivermectin can have SAE. These include hemorrhage of the conjunctiva and retina, heamaturia, and other encephalopathies that are all attributed to the initial L. loa microfilarial load in the patient prior to treatment. Studies have sought to delineate the sequence of events following ivermectin treatment that lead to neurologic SAE and sometimes death, while also trying to understand the mechanisms of adverse reactions to develop more appropriate treatments.
In a study looking at mass ivermectin treatment in Cameroon, one of the greatest endemic regions for both onchocerciasis and loiasis, a sequence of events in the clinical manifestation of adverse effects was outlined.
It was noted that the patients used in this study had a L. loa microfilarial load of greater than 3,000 per ml of blood.
Within 12–24 hours post-ivermectin treatment (D1), individuals complained of fatigue, anorexia, and headache, joint and lumbar pain—a bent forward walk was characteristic during this initial stage accompanied by fever. Stomach pain and diarrhea were also reported in several individuals.
By day 2 (D2), many patients experienced confusion, agitation, dysarthria, mutism and incontinence. Some cases of coma were reported as early as D2. The severity of adverse effects increased with higher microfilarial loads. Hemorrhaging of the eye, particularly the retinal and conjunctiva regions, is another common sign associated with SAE of ivermectin treatment in patients with L. loa infections and is observed between D2 and D5 post-treatment. This can be visible for up to 5 weeks following treatment and has increased severity with higher microfilarial loads.
Haematuria and proteinuria have also been observed following ivermectin treatment, but this is common when using ivermectin to treat onchocerciasis. The effect is exacerbated when there are high L. loa microfilarial loads however, and microfilariae can be observed in the urine occasionally. Generally, patients recovered from SAE within 6–7 months post-ivermectin treatment; however, when their complications were unmanaged and patients were left bed-ridden, death resulted due to gastrointestinal bleeding, septic shock, and large abscesses.
Mechanisms for SAE have been proposed. Though microfilarial load is a major risk factor to post-ivermectin SAE, three main hypotheses have been proposed for the mechanisms.
The first mechanism suggests that ivermectin causes immobility in microfilariae, which then obstructs microcirculation in cerebral regions. This is supported by the retinal hemorrhaging seen in some patients, and is possibly responsible for the neurologic SAE reported.
The second hypothesis suggests that microfilariae may try to escape drug treatment by migrating to brain capillaries and further into brain tissue; this is supported by pathology reports demonstrating a microfilarial presence in brain tissue post-ivermectin treatment.
Lastly, the third hypothesis attributes hypersensitivity and inflammation at the cerebral level to post-ivermectin treatment complications, and perhaps the release of bacteria from L. loa after treatment to SAE. This has been observed with the bacteria Wolbachia that live with O. volvulus.
More research into the mechanisms of post-ivermectin treatment SAE is needed to develop drugs that are appropriate for individuals with multiple parasitic infections.
One drug that has been proposed for the treatment of onchocerciasis is doxycycline. This drug has been shown to be effective in killing both the adult worm of O. volvulus and Wolbachia, the bacteria believed to play a major role in the onset of onchocerciasis, while having no effect on the microfilariae of L. loa. In a study done at five different co-endemic regions for onchocerciasis and loiasis, doxycycline was shown to be effective in treating over 12,000 individuals infected with both parasites with minimal complications. Drawbacks to using doxycycline include bacterial resistance and patient compliance because of a longer treatment regimen and emergence of doxycycline-resistant Wolbachia. However, in the study over 97% of the patients complied with treatment, so it does pose as a promising treatment for onchocerciasis, while avoiding complications associated with L. loa co-infections.
Human loiasis geographical distribution is restricted to the rain forest and swamp forest areas of West Africa, being especially common in Cameroon and on the Ogooué River. Humans are the only known natural reservoir. It is estimated that over 10 million humans are infected with Loa loa larvae.
An area of tremendous concern regarding loiasis is its co-endemicity with onchocerciasis in certain areas of west and central Africa, as mass ivermectin treatment of onchocerciasis can lead to SAEs in patients who have high Loa loa microfilarial densities, or loads. This fact necessitates the development of more specific diagnostics tests for Loa loa so that areas and individuals at a higher risk for neurologic consequences can be identified prior to microfilaricidal treatment. Additionally, the treatment of choice for loiasis, diethylcarbamazine, can lead to serious complications in and of itself when administered in standard doses to patients with high Loa loa microfilarial loads.
History
The first well recorded case of Loa loa infection was noted in the Caribbean (Santo Domingo) in 1770. A French surgeon named Mongin tried but failed to remove a worm passing across a woman's eye. A few years later, in 1778, the surgeon François Guyot noted worms in the eyes of West African slaves on a French ship to America; he successfully removed a worm from one man's eye.
The identification of microfilariae was made in 1890 by the ophthalmologist Stephen McKenzie. Localized angioedema, a common clinical presentation of loiasis, was observed in 1895 in the coastal Nigerian town of Calabar—hence the name "Calabar" swellings. This observation was made by a Scottish ophthalmologist named Douglas Argyll-Robertson, but the association between Loa loa and Calabar swellings was not realized until 1910 (by Patrick Manson). The determination of vector—Chrysops spp.—was made in 1912 by the British parasitologist Robert Thomson Leiper.
Synonyms
Synonyms for the disease include African eye worm, loaiasis, loaina, Loa loa filariasis, filaria loa, filaria lacrimalis, filaria subconjunctivalis, Calabar swellings, fugitive swellings, and microfilaria diurnal. Loa loa, the scientific name for the infectious agent, is an indigenous term itself and it is likely that there are many other terms used from region to region.
References
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^ a b Jacobsen, KH; Andress, BC; Bhagwat, EA; Bryant, CA; Chandrapu, VR; Desmonts, CG; Matthews, TM; Ogunkoya, A; Wheeler, TJ; Williams, AS (October 2022). "A call for loiasis to be added to the WHO list of neglected tropical diseases". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 22 (10): e299–e302. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00064-0. PMID 35500592.
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^ a b c d e John, David T. and William A. Petri, Jr. Markell and Voge's Medical Parasitology. 9th ed. 2006.
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^ a b c d Gouteux JP, Noireau F, Staak C (April 1989). "The host preferences of Chrysops silacea and C. dimidiata (Diptera: Tabanidae) in an endemic area of Loa loa in the Congo". Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 83 (2): 167–72. doi:10.1080/00034983.1989.11812326. PMID 2604456.
^ a b c World Health Organization (WHO). Vector Control – Horseflies and deerflies (tabanids). 1997.
^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019-04-18). "CDC – Loiasis – Diagnosis". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-14.
^ "Loiasis." 2009. The Institute of Tropical Medicine. Archived 2008-12-02 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Burbelo PD, Ramanathan R, Klion AD, Iadarola MJ, Nutman TB (July 2008). "Rapid, Novel, Specific, High-Throughput Assay for Diagnosis of Loa loa Infection". J. Clin. Microbiol. 46 (7): 2298–304. doi:10.1128/JCM.00490-08. PMC 2446928. PMID 18508942.
^ a b c d The Gideon Online.
^ Nutman, TB, KD Miller, M Mulligan, GN Reinhardt, BJ currie, C Steel, and EA Ottesen. "Diethylcarbamazine prophylaxis for human loiasis. Results of a double-blind study."New Eng J Med. (1988), 319: 752–56.
^ Thomson MC, Obsomer V, Dunne M, Connor SJ, Molyneux DH (September 2000). "Satellite mapping of Loa loa prevalence in relation to ivermectin use in west and central Africa". Lancet. 356 (9235): 1077–78. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02733-1. PMID 11009145. S2CID 11743223.
^ Chippaux JP, Bouchité B, Demanou M, Morlais I, Le Goff G (September 2000). "Density and dispersal of the loaiasis vector Chrysops dimidiata in southern Cameroon". Med. Vet. Entomol. 14 (3): 339–44. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00249.x. PMID 11016443. S2CID 29279412.
^ a b The Medical Letter – Filariasis. Available online at: "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-01-15. Retrieved 2009-02-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link).
^ a b Nam, Julie N., Shanian Reddy, and Norman C. Charles. "Surgical Management of Conjunctival Loiasis." Ophthal Plastic Reconstr Surg. (2008). Vol 24(4): 316–17.
^ Grigsby, Margaret E. and Donald H. Keller. "Loa-loa in the District of Columbia." J Narl Med Assoc. (1971), Vol 63(3): 198–201.
^ Kamgno J, Boussinesq M, Labrousse F, Nkegoum B, Thylefors BI, Mackenzie CD (April 2008). "Encephalopathy after ivermectin treatment in a patient infected with Loa loa and Plasmodium spp". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 78 (4): 546–51. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.546. PMID 18385346.
^ a b Boussinesq, M., Gardon, J., Gardon-Wendel, N., and J. Chippaux. 2003. "Clinical picture, epidemiology and outcome of Loa-associated serious adverse events related to mass ivermectin treatment of onchocerciasis in Cameroon". Filaria Journal 2: 1–13. Archived 2021-11-22 at the Wayback Machine
^ 2. Wanji, S., Tendongfor, N., Nji, T., Esum, M., Che, J. N., Nkwescheu, A., Alassa, F., Kamnang, G., Enyong, P. A., Taylor, M. J., Hoerauf, A., and D. W. Taylor. 2009. Community-directed delivery of doxycycline for the treatment of onchocerciasis in areas of co-endemicity with loiasis in Cameroon. Parasites & Vectors. 2(39): 1–10.
^ Metzger, Wolfram Gottfried; Benjamin Mordmüller (2013). "Loa loa – does it deserve to be neglected?". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 14 (4): 353–357. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70263-9. ISSN 1473-3099. PMID 24332895.
^ a b Cox FE (October 2002). "History of Human Parasitology". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 15 (4): 595–612. doi:10.1128/CMR.15.4.595-612.2002. PMC 126866. PMID 12364371.
External links
ClassificationDICD-10: B74.3ICD-9-CM: 125.2MeSH: D008118DiseasesDB: 7576External resourceseMedicine: derm/888 med/794
vteParasitic disease caused by helminthiasesFlatworm/platyhelminthinfectionFluke/trematode(Trematode infection)Blood fluke
Schistosoma mansoni / S. japonicum / S. mekongi / S. haematobium / S. intercalatum
Schistosomiasis
Trichobilharzia regenti
Swimmer's itch
Liver fluke
Clonorchis sinensis
Clonorchiasis
Dicrocoelium dendriticum / D. hospes
Dicrocoeliasis
Fasciola hepatica / F. gigantica
Fasciolosis
Opisthorchis viverrini / O. felineus
Opisthorchiasis
Lung fluke
Paragonimus westermani / P. kellicotti
Paragonimiasis
Intestinal fluke
Echinostoma
Echinostomiasis
Fasciolopsis buski
Fasciolopsiasis
Gastrodiscoides hominis
Amphistomiasis
Heterophyes heterophyes
Heterophyiasis
Metagonimus yokogawai
Metagonimiasis
Cestoda(Tapeworm infection)Cyclophyllidea
Echinococcus granulosus / E. multilocularis
Echinococcosis
Taenia saginata / T. asiatica / T. solium (pork)
Taeniasis / Cysticercosis
Hymenolepis nana / H. diminuta
Hymenolepiasis
Pseudophyllidea
Diphyllobothrium latum
Diphyllobothriasis
Spirometra erinaceieuropaei
Sparganosis
Diphyllobothrium mansonoides
Sparganosis
Roundworm/NematodeinfectionSecernenteaSpiruriaCamallanida
Dracunculus medinensis
Dracunculiasis
SpiruridaFilarioidea(Filariasis)
Onchocerca volvulus
Onchocerciasis
Loa loa
Loa loa filariasis
Mansonella
Mansonelliasis
Dirofilaria repens
D. immitis
Dirofilariasis
Wuchereria bancrofti / Brugia malayi / B. timori
Lymphatic filariasis
Thelazioidea
Gnathostoma spinigerum / G. hispidum
Gnathostomiasis
Thelazia
Thelaziasis
Spiruroidea
Gongylonema
Strongylida(hookworm)
Hookworm infection
Ancylostoma duodenale / A. braziliense
Ancylostomiasis / Cutaneous larva migrans
Necator americanus
Necatoriasis
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Angiostrongyliasis
Metastrongylus
Metastrongylosis
Ascaridida
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascariasis
Anisakis
Anisakiasis
Toxocara canis / T. cati
Visceral larva migrans / Toxocariasis
Baylisascaris
Dioctophyme renale
Dioctophymosis
Parascaris equorum
Rhabditida
Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloidiasis
Trichostrongylus spp.
Trichostrongyliasis
Halicephalobus gingivalis
Oxyurida
Enterobius vermicularis
Enterobiasis
Adenophorea
Trichinella spiralis
Trichinosis
Trichuris trichiura (Trichuriasis / Whipworm)
Capillaria philippinensis
Intestinal capillariasis
C. hepatica
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Loa loa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loa_loa"},{"link_name":"Thelazia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thelazia"},{"link_name":"nematode","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematode"},{"link_name":"Loa loa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loa_loa"},{"link_name":"deer fly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_fly"},{"link_name":"Chrysops","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysops"},{"link_name":"mango fly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango_fly"},{"link_name":"vectors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_(epidemiology)"},{"link_name":"subcutaneous tissues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcutaneous_tissue"},{"link_name":"subconjunctival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunctiva"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lancet2022-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Markell_and_Voge's-4"},{"link_name":"diethylcarbamazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylcarbamazine"},{"link_name":"neglected tropical diseases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neglected_tropical_diseases"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lancet2022-2"}],"text":"This article is about the disease. For the parasite, see Loa loa.\"Eye worm\" redirects here. For another parasitic nematode known as \"eye worm\", see Thelazia.Medical conditionLoa loa filariasis, (Loiasis) is a skin and eye disease caused by the nematode worm Loa loa. Humans contract this disease through the bite of a deer fly (Chrysops spp.) or mango fly, the vectors for Loa loa. The adult Loa loa filarial worm can reach from three to seven centimetres long and migrates throughout the subcutaneous tissues of humans, occasionally crossing into subconjunctival tissues of the eye where it can be easily observed.[2] Loa loa does not normally affect vision but can be painful when moving about the eyeball or across the bridge of the nose.[3][4] Loiasis can cause red itchy swellings below the skin called \"Calabar swellings\". The disease is treated with the drug diethylcarbamazine (DEC), and when appropriate, surgical methods may be employed to remove adult worms from the conjunctiva. Loiasis belongs to the group of neglected tropical diseases, and there is a call for it to be included in the high priority listing.[2]","title":"Loa loa filariasis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"filariasis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filariasis"},{"link_name":"asymptomatic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic"},{"link_name":"lymphedema","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphedema"},{"link_name":"angioedema","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angioedema"},{"link_name":"connective tissue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connective_tissue"},{"link_name":"muscle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle"},{"link_name":"tendons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendon"},{"link_name":"painful","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain"},{"link_name":"urticaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urticaria"},{"link_name":"pruritus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itch"},{"link_name":"Eosinophilia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophilia"},{"link_name":"abscesses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abscess"},{"link_name":"granulomatous reactions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulomatosis"},{"link_name":"fibrosis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrosis"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Padgett-5"}],"text":"A filariasis such as loiasis most often consists of asymptomatic microfilaremia. Some patients can develop lymphatic dysfunction causing lymphedema. Episodic angioedema (Calabar swellings) in the arms and legs, caused by immune reactions, are common. Calabar swellings are 3–10 cm (1.2–3.9 in) in surface area, sometimes erythematous, and not pitting. When chronic, they can form cyst-like enlargements of the connective tissue around the sheaths of muscle tendons, becoming very painful when moved. The swellings may last for one to three days and may be accompanied by localized urticaria (skin eruptions) and pruritus (itching). They reappear at referent locations at irregular time intervals. Subconjunctival migration of an adult worm to the eyes can also occur frequently, and this is the reason Loa loa is also called the \"African eye worm\". The passage over the eyeball can be sensed, but it usually takes less than 15 minutes. Eyeworms affect men and women equally, but advanced age is a risk factor. Eosinophilia is often prominent in filarial infections. Dead worms may cause chronic abscesses, which may lead to the formation of granulomatous reactions and fibrosis.[citation needed]In the human host, Loa loa larvae migrate to the subcutaneous tissue, where they mature to adult worms in approximately one year, but sometimes up to four years. Adult worms migrate in the subcutaneous tissues at a speed less than 1 cm/min, mating and producing more microfilariae. The adult worms can live up to 17 years in the human host.[5]","title":"Signs and symptoms"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Cause"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"deer fly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_fly"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Padgett-5"}],"sub_title":"Transmission","text":"Loa loa infective larvae (L3) are transmitted to humans by the deer fly vectors Chrysops silica and C. dimidiata. These carriers are blood-sucking and day-biting, and they are found in rainforest-like environments in western and central Africa. Infective larvae (L3) mature to adults (L5) in the subcutaneous tissues of the human host, after which the adult worms—assuming presence of a male and female worm—mate and produce microfilariae. The cycle of infection continues when a non-infected mango or deer fly takes a blood meal from a microfilaremic human host, and this stage of the transmission is possible because of the combination of the diurnal periodicity of microfilariae and the day-biting tendencies of the Chrysops spp.[5]","title":"Cause"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gouteux-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gouteux-6"}],"sub_title":"Reservoir","text":"Humans are the primary reservoir for Loa loa. Other minor potential reservoirs have been indicated in various fly-biting habit studies, such as hippopotamus, wild ruminants (e.g. buffalo), rodents and lizards. A simian type of loiasis exists in monkeys and apes but it is transmitted by Chrysops langi. There is no crossover between the human and simian types of the disease.[6] A related fly, Chrysops langi, has been isolated as a vector of simian loiasis, but this variant hunts within the forest and has not as yet been associated with human infection.[6]","title":"Cause"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Diptera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diptera"},{"link_name":"Tabanidae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse-fly"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WHO-7"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Padgett-5"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WHO-7"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Padgett-5"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WHO-7"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Padgett-5"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Padgett-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gouteux-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gouteux-6"}],"sub_title":"Vector","text":"Loa loa is transmitted by several species of tabanid flies (Order: Diptera; Family: Tabanidae). Although horseflies of the genus Tabanus are often mentioned as vectors, the two most prominent vectors are from the tabanid genus Chrysops—C. silacea and C. dimidiata. These species exist only in Africa and are popularly known as deer flies and mango, or mangrove, flies.[7]Chrysops spp. are small (5–20 mm, 0.20–0.79 in long) with a large head and downward-pointing mouthparts.[5][7] Their wings are clear or speckled brown. They are hematophagous and typically live in forested and muddy habitats like swamps, streams and reservoirs, and in rotting vegetation. Female mango and deer flies require a blood meal for production of a second batch of eggs. This batch is deposited near water, where the eggs hatch in 5–7 days. The larvae mature in water or soil,[5] where they feed on organic material such as decaying animal and vegetable products. Fly larvae are 1–6 cm (0.39–2.36 in) long and take 1–3 years to mature from egg to adult.[7] When fully mature, C. silacea and C. dimidiata assume the day-biting tendencies of all tabanids.[5]The bite of the mango fly can be very painful, possibly because of the laceration style employed; rather than puncturing the skin as a mosquito does, the mango fly (and deer fly) makes a laceration in the skin and subsequently laps up the blood. Female flies require a fair amount of blood for their aforementioned reproductive purposes and thus may take multiple blood meals from the same host if disturbed during the first one.[5]Although Chrysops silacea and C. dimidiata are attracted to canopied rainforests, they do not do their biting there. Instead, they leave the forest and take most blood meals in open areas. The flies are attracted to smoke from wood fires and they use visual cues and sensation of carbon dioxide plumes to find their preferred host, humans.[6]A study of Chrysops spp. biting habits showed that C. silacea and C. dimidiata take human blood meals approximately 90% of the time, with hippopotamus, wild ruminant, rodent and lizard blood meals making up the other 10%.[6]","title":"Cause"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Markell_and_Voge's-4"}],"sub_title":"Morphology","text":"Adult Loa worms are sexually dimorphic, with males considerably smaller than females at 30–34 mm long and 0.35–0.42 mm wide compared to 40–70 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. Adults live in the subcutaneous tissues of humans, where they mate and produce wormlike eggs called microfilariae. These microfilariae are 250–300 μm long, 6–8 μm wide and can be distinguished morphologically from other filariae, as they are sheathed and contain body nuclei that extend to the tip of the tail.[4]","title":"Cause"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:L_loa_LifeCycle.gif"},{"link_name":"vector","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_(epidemiology)"},{"link_name":"hematophagous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematophagy"},{"link_name":"larvae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larva"},{"link_name":"host","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(biology)"},{"link_name":"subcutaneous tissue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcutaneous_tissue"},{"link_name":"microfilariae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfilaria"},{"link_name":"spinal fluids","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid"},{"link_name":"urine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine"},{"link_name":"sputum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputum"},{"link_name":"lungs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungs"},{"link_name":"hemocoel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_circulatory_system"},{"link_name":"arthropod","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropod"},{"link_name":"proboscis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proboscis"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Lifecycle","text":"Loa loa life cycle. Source: CDCThe vector for Loa loa filariasis originates with flies from two hematophagous species of the genus Chrysops (deer flies), C. silacea and C. dimidiata. During a blood meal, an infected fly (genus Chrysops, day-biting flies) introduces third-stage filarial larvae onto the skin of the human host, where they penetrate into the bite wound. The larvae develop into adults that commonly reside in subcutaneous tissue. The female worms measure 40 to 70 mm in length and 0.5 mm in diameter, while the males measure 30 to 34 mm in length and 0.35 to 0.43 mm in diameter. Adults produce microfilariae measuring 250 to 300 μm by 6 to 8 μm, which are sheathed and have diurnal periodicity. Microfilariae have been recovered from spinal fluids, urine and sputum. During the day, they are found in peripheral blood, but during the noncirculation phase, they are found in the lungs. The fly ingests microfilariae during a blood meal. After ingestion, the microfilariae lose their sheaths and migrate from the fly's midgut through the hemocoel to the thoracic muscles of the arthropod. There the microfilariae develop into first-stage larvae and subsequently into third-stage infective larvae. The third-stage infective larvae migrate to the fly's proboscis and can infect another human when the fly takes a blood meal.[citation needed]","title":"Cause"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Microscopic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscope"},{"link_name":"microfilariae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfilaria"},{"link_name":"diagnostic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_diagnosis"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Giemsa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giemsa_stain"},{"link_name":"haematoxylin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematoxylin"},{"link_name":"eosin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosin"},{"link_name":"staining","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staining"},{"link_name":"sensitivity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_and_specificity"},{"link_name":"centrifugation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugation"},{"link_name":"formalin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehyde"},{"link_name":"filtration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filtration"},{"link_name":"nucleopore membrane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleopore_filter"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Antigen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen"},{"link_name":"immunoassay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoassay"},{"link_name":"Institute for Tropical Medicine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Tropical_Medicine_T%C3%BCbingen"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"antibody","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody"},{"link_name":"parasitic worms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitic_worm"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"biopsies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopsy"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Dirofilaria immitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirofilaria_immitis"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Markell_and_Voge's-4"}],"text":"Microscopic examination of microfilariae is a practical diagnostic procedure to find Loa loa. It is important to time the blood collection with the known periodicity of the microfilariae (between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m.).[8] The blood sample can be a thick smear, stained with Giemsa or haematoxylin and eosin (see staining). For increased sensitivity, concentration techniques can be used. These include centrifugation of the blood sample lyzed in 2% formalin (Knott's technique), or filtration through a nucleopore membrane.[citation needed]Antigen detection using an immunoassay for circulating filarial antigens constitutes a useful diagnostic approach, because microfilaremia can be low and variable. Though the Institute for Tropical Medicine reports that no serologic diagnostics are available,[9] tests that are highly specific to Loa loa have been developed in recent years. This is despite the fact that many recently developed methods of antibody detection are of limited value because substantial antigenic cross-reactivity exists between filaria and other parasitic worms (helminths), and that a positive serologic test does not necessarily distinguish among infections. The new tests have not reached the point-of-care level yet, but show promise for highlighting high-risk areas and individuals with co-endemic loiasis and onchocerciasis. Specifically, Thomas Nutman and colleagues at the National Institutes of Health have described the a luciferase immunoprecipitation assay (LIPS) and the related QLIPS (quick version). Whereas a previously described LISXP-1 ELISA test had a poor sensitivity (55%), the QLIPS test is practical, as it requires only a 15 minutes incubation, while delivering high sensitivity (97%) and specificity (100%).[10] No report on the distribution status of LIPS or QLIPS testing is available, but these tests would help to limit complications derived from mass ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis or dangerous strong doses of diethylcarbamazine for loiasis alone (as pertains to individual with high Loa loa microfilarial loads).[citation needed]Calabar swellings are the primary tool for visual diagnosis. Identification of adult worms is possible from tissue samples collected during subcutaneous biopsies. Adult worms migrating across the eye are another potential diagnostic, but the short timeframe for the worm's passage through the conjunctiva makes this observation less common.[citation needed]In the past, healthcare providers used a provocative injection of Dirofilaria immitis as a skin-test antigen for filariasis diagnosis. If the patient was infected, the extract would cause an artificial allergic reaction and associated Calabar swelling similar to that caused, in theory, by metabolic products of the worm or dead worms.[citation needed]Blood tests to reveal microfilaremia are useful in many, but not all cases, as one-third of loiasis patients are amicrofilaremic. By contrast, eosinophilia is almost guaranteed in cases of loiasis, and blood testing for eosinophil fraction may be useful.[4]","title":"Diagnosis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gideon-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"DEET","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEET"},{"link_name":"insect repellent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_repellent"},{"link_name":"permethrin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permethrin"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Diethylcarbamazine has been shown as an effective prophylaxis for Loa loa infection.\nA study of Peace Corps volunteers in the highly Loa—endemic Gabon, for example, had the following results: 6 of 20 individuals in a placebo group contracted the disease, compared to 0 of 16 in the DEC-treated group. Seropositivity for antifilarial IgG antibody was also much higher in the placebo group. The recommended prophylactic dose is 300 mg DEC given orally once weekly. The only associated symptom in the Peace Corps study was nausea.[11][12]Researchers believe that geo-mapping of appropriate habitat and human settlement patterns may, with the use of predictor variables such as forest, land cover, rainfall, temperature, and soil type, allow for estimation of Loa loa transmission in the absence of point-of-care diagnostic tests.[13] In addition to geo-mapping and chemoprophylaxis, the same preventative strategies used for malaria should be undertaken to avoid contraction of loiasis. Specifically, DEET-containing insect repellent, permethrin-soaked clothing, and thick, long-sleeved and long-legged clothing ought to be worn to decrease susceptibility to the bite of the mango or deer fly vector. Because the vector is day-biting, mosquito (bed) nets do not increase protection against loiasis.[citation needed]Vector elimination strategies are an interesting consideration. It has been shown that the Chrysops vector has a limited flying range,[14] but vector elimination efforts are not common, likely because the insects bite outdoors and have a diverse, if not long, range, living in the forest and biting in the open, as mentioned in the vector section. No vaccine has been developed for loiasis and there is little report on this possibility.[citation needed]","title":"Prevention"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"diethylcarbamazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylcarbamazine"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Filariasis-15"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Filariasis-15"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Nam_et_al.-16"}],"text":"Treatment of loiasis involves chemotherapy or, in some cases, surgical removal of adult worms followed by systemic treatment. The current drug of choice for therapy is diethylcarbamazine (DEC), though ivermectin use while not curative (i.e., it will not kill the adult worms) can substantially reduce the microfilarial load. The recommended dosage of DEC is 8–10 mg/kg/d taken three times daily for 21 days per CDC. The pediatric dose is the same. DEC is effective against microfilariae and somewhat effective against macrofilariae (adult worms).[15] The recommended dosage of ivermectin is 150 μg/kg in patients with a low microfilaria load (with densities less than 8000 mf/mL).[citation needed]In patients with high microfilaria load and/or the possibility of an onchocerciasis coinfection, treatment with DEC and/or ivermectin may be contraindicated or require a substantially lower initial dose, as the rapid microfilaricidal actions of the drugs can provoke encephalopathy. In these cases, initial albendazole administration has proved helpful (and is superior to ivermectin, which can also be risky despite its slower-acting microfilaricidal effects over DEC).[15] The CDC recommended dosage for albendazole is 200 mg taken twice a day for 21 days. Also, in cases where two or more DEC treatments have failed to provide a cure, subsequent albendazole treatment can be administered.[citation needed]Management of Loa loa infection in some instances can involve surgery, though the timeframe during which surgical removal of the worm must be carried out is very short. A detailed surgical strategy to remove an adult worm is as follows (from a real case in New York City). The 2007 procedure to remove an adult worm from a male Gabonian immigrant employed proparacaine and povidone-iodine drops, a wire eyelid speculum, and 0.5 ml 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000, injected superiorly. A 2-mm incision was made and the immobile worm was removed with forceps. Gatifloxacin drops and an eye-patch over ointment were utilized post surgery and there were no complications (unfortunately, the patient did not return for DEC therapy to manage the additional worm—and microfilariae—present in his body).[16]","title":"Treatment"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cameroon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon"},{"link_name":"Republic of the Congo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo"},{"link_name":"Democratic Republic of Congo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo"},{"link_name":"Central African Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic"},{"link_name":"Nigeria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria"},{"link_name":"Gabon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon"},{"link_name":"Equatorial Guinea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea"},{"link_name":"Angola","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola"},{"link_name":"Benin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin"},{"link_name":"Chad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad"},{"link_name":"Uganda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda"},{"link_name":"Ghana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana"},{"link_name":"Guinea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea"},{"link_name":"Guinea Bissau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_Bissau"},{"link_name":"Ivory Coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast"},{"link_name":"Mali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gideon-11"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Markell_and_Voge's-4"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gideon-11"},{"link_name":"Chrysops dimidiata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrysops_dimidiata&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"C. silicea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrysops_silicea&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Nam_et_al.-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"ivermectin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin"},{"link_name":"onchocerciasis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onchocerciasis"},{"link_name":"serious adverse events","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serious_adverse_event"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"dysarthria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysarthria"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Haematuria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematuria"},{"link_name":"proteinuria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinuria"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Boussinesq-19"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Wolbachia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolbachia"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Boussinesq-19"},{"link_name":"doxycycline","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxycycline"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"rain forest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_forest"},{"link_name":"swamp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp"},{"link_name":"West Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Africa"},{"link_name":"Cameroon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon"},{"link_name":"Ogooué River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogoou%C3%A9_River"},{"link_name":"natural reservoir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_reservoir"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"onchocerciasis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onchocerciasis"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Markell_and_Voge's-4"}],"text":"As of 2009, loiasis is endemic to 11 countries, all in western or central Africa, and an estimated 12–13 million people have the disease. The highest incidence is seen in Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Nigeria, Gabon, and Equatorial Guinea. The rates of Loa loa infection are lower but it is still present in and Angola, Benin, Chad and Uganda. The disease was once endemic to the western African countries of Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast and Mali but has since disappeared.[11]Throughout Loa loa-endemic regions, infection rates vary from 9 to 70 percent of the population.[4] Areas at high risk of severe adverse reactions to mass treatment (with Ivermectin) are at present determined by the prevalence in a population of >20% microfilaremia, which has been recently shown in eastern Cameroon (2007 study), for example, among other locales in the region.[11]Endemicity is closely linked to the habitats of the two known human loiasis vectors, Chrysops dimidiata and C. silicea.[citation needed]Cases have been reported on occasion in the United States but are restricted to travelers who have returned from endemic regions.[16][17]In the 1990s, the only method of determining Loa loa intensity was with microscopic examination of standardized blood smears, which is not practical in endemic regions. Because mass diagnostic methods were not available, complications started to surface once mass ivermectin treatment programs started being carried out for onchocerciasis, another filariasis. Ivermectin, a microfilaricidal drug, may be contraindicated in patients who are co-infected with loiasis and have associated high microfilarial loads. The theory is that the killing of massive numbers of microfilaria, some of which may be near the ocular and brain region, can lead to encephalopathy. Indeed, cases of this have been documented so frequently over the last decade that a term has been given for this set of complication: neurologic serious adverse events (SAEs).[18]Advanced diagnostic methods have been developed since the appearance the SAEs, but more specific diagnostic tests that have been or are currently being development (see: Diagnostics) must to be supported and distributed if adequate loiasis surveillance is to be achieved.[citation needed]There is much overlap between the endemicity of the two distinct filariases, which complicates mass treatment programs for onchocerciasis and necessitates the development of greater diagnostics for loiasis.[citation needed]In Central and West Africa, initiatives to control onchocerciasis involve mass treatment with ivermectin. However, these regions typically have high rates of co-infection with both L. loa and O. volvulus, and mass treatment with ivermectin can have SAE. These include hemorrhage of the conjunctiva and retina, heamaturia, and other encephalopathies that are all attributed to the initial L. loa microfilarial load in the patient prior to treatment. Studies have sought to delineate the sequence of events following ivermectin treatment that lead to neurologic SAE and sometimes death, while also trying to understand the mechanisms of adverse reactions to develop more appropriate treatments.[citation needed]In a study looking at mass ivermectin treatment in Cameroon, one of the greatest endemic regions for both onchocerciasis and loiasis, a sequence of events in the clinical manifestation of adverse effects was outlined.[citation needed]It was noted that the patients used in this study had a L. loa microfilarial load of greater than 3,000 per ml of blood.[citation needed]Within 12–24 hours post-ivermectin treatment (D1), individuals complained of fatigue, anorexia, and headache, joint and lumbar pain—a bent forward walk was characteristic during this initial stage accompanied by fever. Stomach pain and diarrhea were also reported in several individuals.[citation needed]By day 2 (D2), many patients experienced confusion, agitation, dysarthria, mutism and incontinence. Some cases of coma were reported as early as D2. The severity of adverse effects increased with higher microfilarial loads. Hemorrhaging of the eye, particularly the retinal and conjunctiva regions, is another common sign associated with SAE of ivermectin treatment in patients with L. loa infections and is observed between D2 and D5 post-treatment. This can be visible for up to 5 weeks following treatment and has increased severity with higher microfilarial loads.[citation needed]Haematuria and proteinuria have also been observed following ivermectin treatment, but this is common when using ivermectin to treat onchocerciasis. The effect is exacerbated when there are high L. loa microfilarial loads however, and microfilariae can be observed in the urine occasionally. Generally, patients recovered from SAE within 6–7 months post-ivermectin treatment; however, when their complications were unmanaged and patients were left bed-ridden, death resulted due to gastrointestinal bleeding, septic shock, and large abscesses.[19]Mechanisms for SAE have been proposed. Though microfilarial load is a major risk factor to post-ivermectin SAE, three main hypotheses have been proposed for the mechanisms.[citation needed]The first mechanism suggests that ivermectin causes immobility in microfilariae, which then obstructs microcirculation in cerebral regions. This is supported by the retinal hemorrhaging seen in some patients, and is possibly responsible for the neurologic SAE reported.[citation needed]The second hypothesis suggests that microfilariae may try to escape drug treatment by migrating to brain capillaries and further into brain tissue; this is supported by pathology reports demonstrating a microfilarial presence in brain tissue post-ivermectin treatment.[citation needed]Lastly, the third hypothesis attributes hypersensitivity and inflammation at the cerebral level to post-ivermectin treatment complications, and perhaps the release of bacteria from L. loa after treatment to SAE. This has been observed with the bacteria Wolbachia that live with O. volvulus.[citation needed]More research into the mechanisms of post-ivermectin treatment SAE is needed to develop drugs that are appropriate for individuals with multiple parasitic infections.[19]One drug that has been proposed for the treatment of onchocerciasis is doxycycline. This drug has been shown to be effective in killing both the adult worm of O. volvulus and Wolbachia, the bacteria believed to play a major role in the onset of onchocerciasis, while having no effect on the microfilariae of L. loa. In a study done at five different co-endemic regions for onchocerciasis and loiasis, doxycycline was shown to be effective in treating over 12,000 individuals infected with both parasites with minimal complications. Drawbacks to using doxycycline include bacterial resistance and patient compliance because of a longer treatment regimen and emergence of doxycycline-resistant Wolbachia. However, in the study over 97% of the patients complied with treatment, so it does pose as a promising treatment for onchocerciasis, while avoiding complications associated with L. loa co-infections.[20]Human loiasis geographical distribution is restricted to the rain forest and swamp forest areas of West Africa, being especially common in Cameroon and on the Ogooué River. Humans are the only known natural reservoir. It is estimated that over 10 million humans are infected with Loa loa larvae.[21]An area of tremendous concern regarding loiasis is its co-endemicity with onchocerciasis in certain areas of west and central Africa, as mass ivermectin treatment of onchocerciasis can lead to SAEs in patients who have high Loa loa microfilarial densities, or loads. This fact necessitates the development of more specific diagnostics tests for Loa loa so that areas and individuals at a higher risk for neurologic consequences can be identified prior to microfilaricidal treatment. Additionally, the treatment of choice for loiasis, diethylcarbamazine, can lead to serious complications in and of itself when administered in standard doses to patients with high Loa loa microfilarial loads.[4]","title":"Epidemiology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-22"},{"link_name":"Robert Thomson Leiper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Thomson_Leiper"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-22"}],"text":"The first well recorded case of Loa loa infection was noted in the Caribbean (Santo Domingo) in 1770. A French surgeon named Mongin tried but failed to remove a worm passing across a woman's eye. A few years later, in 1778, the surgeon François Guyot noted worms in the eyes of West African slaves on a French ship to America; he successfully removed a worm from one man's eye.[22]The identification of microfilariae was made in 1890 by the ophthalmologist Stephen McKenzie. Localized angioedema, a common clinical presentation of loiasis, was observed in 1895 in the coastal Nigerian town of Calabar—hence the name \"Calabar\" swellings. This observation was made by a Scottish ophthalmologist named Douglas Argyll-Robertson, but the association between Loa loa and Calabar swellings was not realized until 1910 (by Patrick Manson). The determination of vector—Chrysops spp.—was made in 1912 by the British parasitologist Robert Thomson Leiper.[22]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gideon-11"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Synonyms for the disease include African eye worm, loaiasis, loaina, Loa loa filariasis, filaria loa, filaria lacrimalis, filaria subconjunctivalis, Calabar swellings, fugitive swellings, and microfilaria diurnal.[11] Loa loa, the scientific name for the infectious agent, is an indigenous term itself and it is likely that there are many other terms used from region to region.[citation needed]","title":"Synonyms"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Loa loa life cycle. Source: CDC","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/L_loa_LifeCycle.gif"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7216-2921-6","url_text":"978-0-7216-2921-6"}]},{"reference":"Jacobsen, KH; Andress, BC; Bhagwat, EA; Bryant, CA; Chandrapu, VR; Desmonts, CG; Matthews, TM; Ogunkoya, A; Wheeler, TJ; Williams, AS (October 2022). \"A call for loiasis to be added to the WHO list of neglected tropical diseases\". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 22 (10): e299–e302. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00064-0. PMID 35500592.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2822%2900064-0","url_text":"10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00064-0"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35500592","url_text":"35500592"}]},{"reference":"Osuntokun O, Olurin O (March 1975). \"Filarial worm (Loa loa) in the anterior chamber. Report of two cases\". Br J Ophthalmol. 59 (3): 166–67. doi:10.1136/bjo.59.3.166. PMC 1017374. PMID 1131358.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1017374","url_text":"\"Filarial worm (Loa loa) in the anterior chamber. Report of two cases\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbjo.59.3.166","url_text":"10.1136/bjo.59.3.166"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1017374","url_text":"1017374"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1131358","url_text":"1131358"}]},{"reference":"Padgett JJ, Jacobsen KH (October 2008). \"Loiasis: African eye worm\". Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 102 (10): 983–89. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.03.022. PMID 18466939.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.trstmh.2008.03.022","url_text":"10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.03.022"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18466939","url_text":"18466939"}]},{"reference":"Gouteux JP, Noireau F, Staak C (April 1989). \"The host preferences of Chrysops silacea and C. dimidiata (Diptera: Tabanidae) in an endemic area of Loa loa in the Congo\". Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 83 (2): 167–72. doi:10.1080/00034983.1989.11812326. PMID 2604456.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00034983.1989.11812326","url_text":"10.1080/00034983.1989.11812326"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2604456","url_text":"2604456"}]},{"reference":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019-04-18). \"CDC – Loiasis – Diagnosis\". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-14.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/loiasis/diagnosis.html","url_text":"\"CDC – Loiasis – Diagnosis\""}]},{"reference":"Burbelo PD, Ramanathan R, Klion AD, Iadarola MJ, Nutman TB (July 2008). \"Rapid, Novel, Specific, High-Throughput Assay for Diagnosis of Loa loa Infection\". J. Clin. Microbiol. 46 (7): 2298–304. doi:10.1128/JCM.00490-08. PMC 2446928. PMID 18508942.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2446928","url_text":"\"Rapid, Novel, Specific, High-Throughput Assay for Diagnosis of Loa loa Infection\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJCM.00490-08","url_text":"10.1128/JCM.00490-08"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2446928","url_text":"2446928"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18508942","url_text":"18508942"}]},{"reference":"Thomson MC, Obsomer V, Dunne M, Connor SJ, Molyneux DH (September 2000). \"Satellite mapping of Loa loa prevalence in relation to ivermectin use in west and central Africa\". Lancet. 356 (9235): 1077–78. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02733-1. PMID 11009145. S2CID 11743223.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2800%2902733-1","url_text":"10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02733-1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11009145","url_text":"11009145"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11743223","url_text":"11743223"}]},{"reference":"Chippaux JP, Bouchité B, Demanou M, Morlais I, Le Goff G (September 2000). \"Density and dispersal of the loaiasis vector Chrysops dimidiata in southern Cameroon\". Med. Vet. Entomol. 14 (3): 339–44. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00249.x. PMID 11016443. S2CID 29279412.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2915.2000.00249.x","url_text":"10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00249.x"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11016443","url_text":"11016443"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29279412","url_text":"29279412"}]},{"reference":"\"Archived copy\" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-01-15. Retrieved 2009-02-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090115050753/http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/HTML/PDF_Files/MedLetter/Filariasis.pdf","url_text":"\"Archived copy\""},{"url":"https://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/PDF_Files/MedLetter/Filariasis.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Kamgno J, Boussinesq M, Labrousse F, Nkegoum B, Thylefors BI, Mackenzie CD (April 2008). \"Encephalopathy after ivermectin treatment in a patient infected with Loa loa and Plasmodium spp\". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 78 (4): 546–51. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.546. PMID 18385346.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18385346","url_text":"\"Encephalopathy after ivermectin treatment in a patient infected with Loa loa and Plasmodium spp\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.4269%2Fajtmh.2008.78.546","url_text":"10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.546"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18385346","url_text":"18385346"}]},{"reference":"Metzger, Wolfram Gottfried; Benjamin Mordmüller (2013). \"Loa loa – does it deserve to be neglected?\". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 14 (4): 353–357. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70263-9. ISSN 1473-3099. 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PMID 12364371.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC126866","url_text":"\"History of Human Parasitology\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128%2FCMR.15.4.595-612.2002","url_text":"10.1128/CMR.15.4.595-612.2002"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC126866","url_text":"126866"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12364371","url_text":"12364371"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2822%2900064-0","external_links_name":"10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00064-0"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35500592","external_links_name":"35500592"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1017374","external_links_name":"\"Filarial worm (Loa loa) in the anterior chamber. Report of two cases\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbjo.59.3.166","external_links_name":"10.1136/bjo.59.3.166"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1017374","external_links_name":"1017374"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1131358","external_links_name":"1131358"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.trstmh.2008.03.022","external_links_name":"10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.03.022"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18466939","external_links_name":"18466939"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00034983.1989.11812326","external_links_name":"10.1080/00034983.1989.11812326"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2604456","external_links_name":"2604456"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20030822154320/http://www.who.int/docstore/water_sanitation_health/vectcontrol/ch06.htm#b6-Horseflies%20and%20deerflies%20%28tabanids%29","external_links_name":"Vector Control – Horseflies and deerflies (tabanids)"},{"Link":"https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/loiasis/diagnosis.html","external_links_name":"\"CDC – Loiasis – Diagnosis\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081202012019/http://www.itg.be/itg/DistanceLearning/LectureNotesVandenEndenE/41_Filariasisp5.htm","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2446928","external_links_name":"\"Rapid, Novel, Specific, High-Throughput Assay for Diagnosis of Loa loa Infection\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJCM.00490-08","external_links_name":"10.1128/JCM.00490-08"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2446928","external_links_name":"2446928"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18508942","external_links_name":"18508942"},{"Link":"http://web.gideononline.com/web/epidemiology/index.php?disease=11340&country=&view=General","external_links_name":"The Gideon Online"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2800%2902733-1","external_links_name":"10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02733-1"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11009145","external_links_name":"11009145"},{"Link":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11743223","external_links_name":"11743223"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2915.2000.00249.x","external_links_name":"10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00249.x"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11016443","external_links_name":"11016443"},{"Link":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29279412","external_links_name":"29279412"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090115050753/http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/HTML/PDF_Files/MedLetter/Filariasis.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Archived copy\""},{"Link":"https://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/PDF_Files/MedLetter/Filariasis.pdf","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18385346","external_links_name":"\"Encephalopathy after ivermectin treatment in a patient infected with Loa loa and Plasmodium spp\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.4269%2Fajtmh.2008.78.546","external_links_name":"10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.546"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18385346","external_links_name":"18385346"},{"Link":"https://filariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2883-2-S1-S4","external_links_name":"\"Clinical picture, epidemiology and outcome of Loa-associated serious adverse events related to mass ivermectin treatment of onchocerciasis in Cameroon\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211122142620/https://filariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2883-2-S1-S4","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2813%2970263-9","external_links_name":"10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70263-9"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1473-3099","external_links_name":"1473-3099"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24332895","external_links_name":"24332895"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC126866","external_links_name":"\"History of Human Parasitology\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1128%2FCMR.15.4.595-612.2002","external_links_name":"10.1128/CMR.15.4.595-612.2002"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC126866","external_links_name":"126866"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12364371","external_links_name":"12364371"},{"Link":"https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/B74.3","external_links_name":"B74.3"},{"Link":"http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=125.2","external_links_name":"125.2"},{"Link":"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D008118","external_links_name":"D008118"},{"Link":"http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb7576.htm","external_links_name":"7576"},{"Link":"https://emedicine.medscape.com/derm/888-overview","external_links_name":"derm/888"},{"Link":"https://www.emedicine.com/med/topic794.htm#","external_links_name":"med/794"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Green_(disambiguation)
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Benjamin Green
|
["1 Composers and musicians","2 Sportsmen","3 Others","4 Characters","5 See also"]
|
Benjamin, Ben, Benny or Bennie Green may refer to:
Composers and musicians
Bennie Green (1923–1977), American jazz trombonist
Benny Green (saxophonist) (1927–1998), English broadcaster, music and cricket writer
Benny Green (pianist) (born 1963), American hard bop jazz teacher
Ben Green (composer) (born 1964), Israeli producer and songwriter
Ben Green (musician) (born 1964), American singer and songwriter
Ben George Christian Green (born 1964), English heavy metal bassist, known as G.C., co-founder of Godflesh
Sportsmen
Benny Green (footballer) (1883–1917), English inside-forward
Ben Green (cricketer) (born 1997), English right-arm bowler
Others
Benjamin Green (merchant) (1713–1772), Colonial Canadian administrator and judge
Benjamin Richard Green (1807/8–1876), English watercolour painter and author
Benjamin Green (c. 1811–1858), English architect who partnered with his father as John and Benjamin Green
Ben Charles Green (1905–1983), American federal jurist
Ben K. Green (1912–1974), American writer about Southwestern horses
Ben Green (comedian) (born 1973), English actor and comedy writer
Ben Green (mathematician) (born 1977), English professor at Oxford
Ben Green (producer), British media and podcast producer since 2000s
Characters
Benny Green, teenage drama pupil played by Terry Sue-Patt on BBC's Grange Hill in 1978–1982
See also
Benjamin Greene (disambiguation)
Topics referred to by the same termThis disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
|
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[]
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[{"title":"Benjamin Greene (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Greene_(disambiguation)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Disambig_gray.svg"},{"title":"disambiguation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Disambiguation"},{"title":"internal link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere/Benjamin_Green&namespace=0"}]
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[]
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[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere/Benjamin_Green&namespace=0","external_links_name":"internal link"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emery_Moorehead
|
Emery Moorehead
|
["1 References"]
|
American football player (born 1954)
American football player
Emery MooreheadNo. 80, 86, 43, 87Position:Tight end, Wide receiverPersonal informationBorn: (1954-03-22) March 22, 1954 (age 70)Evanston, Illinois, U.S.Height:6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)Weight:218 lb (99 kg)Career informationHigh school:Evanston TownshipCollege:ColoradoNFL draft:1977 / Round: 6 / Pick: 153Career history
New York Giants (1977–1979)
Denver Broncos (1980)
Chicago Bears (1981–1988)
Career highlights and awards
Super Bowl champion (XX)
Career NFL statisticsReceptions:224Receiving yards:2,980Receiving TDs:15Player stats at PFR
Emery Matthew Moorehead (born March 22, 1954) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end and wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants, Denver Broncos, and the Chicago Bears. He won a Super Bowl ring as the starting tight end and a member of the 1985 Chicago Bears. Moorehead played college football for the Colorado Buffaloes football, where he played running back his first two seasons before converting to wide receiver as a junior. He captained the 1976 Big Eight Conference champion Buffalos and finished his college career with 231 rushing yards, 40 receptions for 751 yards, and six touchdowns. Moorehead was drafted in the sixth round of the 1977 NFL Draft.
Moorehead is the father of ex-Indianapolis Colts receiver Aaron Moorehead, and the cousin of former NBA basketball player Brad Daugherty. Emery and his son Aaron are the NFL's first father and son duo to have both played in and won Super Bowls.
Moorehead played a total of 12 seasons in the NFL and retired with 224 receptions for 2,980 yards and 15 touchdowns. He also returned 31 kickoffs for 617 yards and rushed for 114 yards. Moorehead was inducted into the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame in 1999 and later became a director of the Hall. He has served on the Board of Directors of Northeast Illinois Council of Boy Scouts since 1989. Moorehead earned the rank of Eagle Scout (1969) was awarded the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award in 2012.
Moorehead was a real estate agent from 1986 until 2013 with Koenig & Strey Berkshire Hathaway Home Services of America in Northbrook, Illinois, and is Past Chairman of the North Shore - Barrington Association of realtors.
References
^ "Bears Trounce Patriots, 46-10, in Super Bowl". Los Angeles Times. January 27, 1986. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
^ "Emery Moorehead College Stats".
^ "Of Fathers and Sons and the Fraternity of Football".
^ Wendell, Bryan (January 28, 2015). "14 Eagle Scouts with Super Bowl ties". Bryan on Scouting.
^ "Emery Moorehead". LinkedIn.
vteNew York Giants 1977 NFL draft selections
Gary Jeter
Johnny Perkins
Mike Vaughan
Randy Dean
Bob Jordan
Emery Moorehead
Al Dixon
Bill Rice
Otis Rodgers
Ken Mullens
Mike Jones
Bill Helms
Elmo Simmons
vteChicago Bears Super Bowl XX champions
4 Steve Fuller
6 Kevin Butler
8 Maury Buford
9 Jim McMahon
18 Mike Tomczak
20 Thomas Sanders
21 Leslie Frazier
22 Dave Duerson
23 Shaun Gayle
24 Jeff Fisher
26 Matt Suhey
27 Mike Richardson
29 Dennis Gentry
31 Ken Taylor
33 Calvin Thomas
34 Walter Payton
45 Gary Fencik
48 Reggie Phillips
50 Mike Singletary
51 Jim Morrissey
52 Cliff Thrift
53 Dan Rains
54 Brian Cabral
55 Otis Wilson
57 Tom Thayer
58 Wilber Marshall
59 Ron Rivera
60 Tom Andrews
62 Mark Bortz
63 Jay Hilgenberg
70 Henry Waechter
71 Andy Frederick
72 William Perry
73 Mike Hartenstine
74 Jim Covert
75 Stefan Humphries
76 Steve McMichael
78 Keith Van Horne
79 Kurt Becker
80 Tim Wrightman
81 James Maness
82 Ken Margerum
83 Willie Gault
84 Brian Baschnagel
85 Dennis McKinnon
86 Brad Anderson
87 Emery Moorehead
88 Pat Dunsmore
89 Mitch Krenk
95 Richard Dent (MVP)
96 Keith Ortego
98 Tyrone Keys
99 Dan Hampton
Head coach: Mike Ditka
Coaches: Dale Haupt
Ed Hughes
Steve Kazor
Jim LaRue
Ted Plumb
Johnny Roland
Buddy Ryan
Dick Stanfel
This biographical article relating to a college football player is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This biographical article relating to an American football wide receiver born in the 1950s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football"},{"link_name":"tight end","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tight_end"},{"link_name":"wide receiver","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_receiver"},{"link_name":"National Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League"},{"link_name":"New York Giants","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Giants"},{"link_name":"Denver Broncos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver_Broncos"},{"link_name":"Chicago Bears","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Bears"},{"link_name":"Super Bowl ring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XX"},{"link_name":"1985 Chicago Bears","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_Chicago_Bears_season"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"college football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_football"},{"link_name":"Colorado Buffaloes football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Buffaloes_football"},{"link_name":"running back","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_back"},{"link_name":"Big Eight Conference","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference"},{"link_name":"touchdowns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchdown"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"drafted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_draft"},{"link_name":"1977 NFL Draft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_NFL_Draft"},{"link_name":"Indianapolis Colts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts"},{"link_name":"Aaron Moorehead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Moorehead"},{"link_name":"NBA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Basketball_Association"},{"link_name":"basketball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball"},{"link_name":"Brad Daugherty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Daugherty_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicagoland_Sports_Hall_of_Fame"},{"link_name":"Eagle Scout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Eagle_Scouts"},{"link_name":"Distinguished Eagle Scout Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distinguished_Eagle_Scout_Award"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Northbrook, Illinois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northbrook,_Illinois"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"American football playerEmery Matthew Moorehead (born March 22, 1954) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end and wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants, Denver Broncos, and the Chicago Bears. He won a Super Bowl ring as the starting tight end and a member of the 1985 Chicago Bears.[1] Moorehead played college football for the Colorado Buffaloes football, where he played running back his first two seasons before converting to wide receiver as a junior. He captained the 1976 Big Eight Conference champion Buffalos and finished his college career with 231 rushing yards, 40 receptions for 751 yards, and six touchdowns.[2] Moorehead was drafted in the sixth round of the 1977 NFL Draft.Moorehead is the father of ex-Indianapolis Colts receiver Aaron Moorehead, and the cousin of former NBA basketball player Brad Daugherty. Emery and his son Aaron are the NFL's first father and son duo to have both played in and won Super Bowls.[3]Moorehead played a total of 12 seasons in the NFL and retired with 224 receptions for 2,980 yards and 15 touchdowns. He also returned 31 kickoffs for 617 yards and rushed for 114 yards. Moorehead was inducted into the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame in 1999 and later became a director of the Hall. He has served on the Board of Directors of Northeast Illinois Council of Boy Scouts since 1989. Moorehead earned the rank of Eagle Scout (1969) was awarded the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award in 2012.[4]Moorehead was a real estate agent from 1986 until 2013 with Koenig & Strey Berkshire Hathaway Home Services of America in Northbrook, Illinois, and is Past Chairman of the North Shore - Barrington Association of realtors.[5]","title":"Emery Moorehead"}]
|
[]
| null |
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|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Lake
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Helen Lake
|
["1 See also","2 References"]
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Coordinates: 48°50′16″N 113°45′24″W / 48.83778°N 113.75667°W / 48.83778; -113.75667This article is about the lake in Montana. For the lake on British Columbia's Vancouver Island, see Helen Lake (Vancouver Island).
Helen LakeHelen Lake, July 2009Helen LakeShow map of MontanaHelen LakeShow map of the United StatesLocationGlacier National Park, Glacier County, Montana, U.S.Coordinates48°50′16″N 113°45′24″W / 48.83778°N 113.75667°W / 48.83778; -113.75667Lake typeNaturalPrimary outflowsBelly RiverBasin countriesUnited StatesMax. length1 mi (1.6 km)Max. width0.30 mi (0.48 km)Surface elevation5,085 ft (1,550 m)
Helen Lake is located in Glacier National Park, in the U.S. state of Montana. Helen Lake is at the head of the Belly River and is situated below Ahern Peak to the west and Ipasha Peak to the northwest. Numerous small streams feed the lake in addition to melt waters from the Ahern Glacier which descend 1,680 feet (510 m) over Ahern Glacier Falls in one sheer drop to a talus slope below en route to the lake.
See also
List of lakes in Glacier County, Montana
References
^ "Helen Lake". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
^ "Ahern Pass, MT" (Map (USGS Quad)). TopoQuest. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
^ "Ahern Glacier Falls". World Waterfall Database. 2004. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Helen Lake (Vancouver Island)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Lake_(Vancouver_Island)"},{"link_name":"Glacier National Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier_National_Park_(U.S.)"},{"link_name":"U.S. state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state"},{"link_name":"Montana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana"},{"link_name":"Belly River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belly_River"},{"link_name":"Ahern Peak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahern_Peak"},{"link_name":"Ipasha Peak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipasha_Peak"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-topoquest-2"},{"link_name":"Ahern Glacier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahern_Glacier_(Montana)"},{"link_name":"Ahern Glacier Falls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahern_Glacier_Falls&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Waterfall-3"}],"text":"This article is about the lake in Montana. For the lake on British Columbia's Vancouver Island, see Helen Lake (Vancouver Island).Helen Lake is located in Glacier National Park, in the U.S. state of Montana. Helen Lake is at the head of the Belly River and is situated below Ahern Peak to the west and Ipasha Peak to the northwest.[2] Numerous small streams feed the lake in addition to melt waters from the Ahern Glacier which descend 1,680 feet (510 m) over Ahern Glacier Falls in one sheer drop to a talus slope below en route to the lake.[3]","title":"Helen Lake"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"List of lakes in Glacier County, Montana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_Glacier_County,_Montana"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Helen Lake\". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2011-01-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/772318","url_text":"\"Helen Lake\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System","url_text":"Geographic Names Information System"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey","url_text":"United States Geological Survey"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior","url_text":"United States Department of the Interior"}]},{"reference":"\"Ahern Pass, MT\" (Map (USGS Quad)). TopoQuest. Retrieved 2011-01-29.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.topoquest.com/map.php?lat=48.83748&lon=-113.75512&datum=nad83&zoom=4","url_text":"\"Ahern Pass, MT\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ahern Glacier Falls\". World Waterfall Database. 2004. Retrieved 2011-01-29.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.world-waterfalls.com/waterfall.php?num=920","url_text":"\"Ahern Glacier Falls\""}]}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosevelt_High_School_(South_Dakota)
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Roosevelt High School (South Dakota)
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["1 History","2 Athletics","3 Performing arts","4 Notable alumni","5 References"]
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Coordinates: 43°30′59″N 96°48′29″W / 43.5165°N 96.808°W / 43.5165; -96.808
Secondary school in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United StatesTheodore Roosevelt High SchoolAddress6600 W. 41st StreetSioux Falls, South Dakota 57106United StatesCoordinates43°30′59″N 96°48′29″W / 43.5165°N 96.808°W / 43.5165; -96.808InformationSchool typePublic, SecondaryEstablished1991; 33 years ago (1991)School districtSioux Falls School DistrictPrincipalTim HazlettStaff110.03 (on an FTE basis)Grades9–12Enrollment1,713 (2022–23)Student to teacher ratio15.57 Color(s)Cardinal, Gold, White Team nameRough RidersWebsitewww.sf.k12.sd.us/schools/high-schools/roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt High School is a public high school located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States. It opened in 1991 and is one of four traditional high schools in the Sioux Falls School District.
History
Roosevelt was the third high school in the Sioux Falls School District. The school opened for the 1991–1992 school year after a $17 million construction effort. Eventual overcrowding at the school was used as a pitching point for the referendum that later funded Jefferson High School.
Athletics
Roosevelt athletic teams are nicknamed the Rough Riders and compete in the Metro Athletic Conference.
The girls basketball team won 111 games in a row from 1997-01, and won 5 straight state championships. The 2021-22 boys basketball team achieved a perfect 22-0 season en route to back-to-back state championships.
State Championships
Sport
Years
Baseball
2003, 2011, 2013
Basketball (girls)
1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2006
Basketball (boys)
2000, 2014, 2021, 2022
Bowling (boys)
2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2015, 2018
Bowling (girls)
2016, 2017, 2019
Competitive Cheer
2014, 2015, 2020
Cross Country (boys)
2010, 2011, 2015
Cross Country (girls)
2008
Football
2006, 2007, 2012
Soccer (girls)
2002, 2012, 2013, 2021
Soccer (boys)
1999, 2000, 2019
Softball
2014, 2015, 2016, 2018
Track and Field (boys)
2000, 2015
Volleyball
1996, 2000, 2006, 2008, 2012
Golf (boys)
2005, 2009, 2019
Performing arts
RHS has three competitive show choirs: the mixed-gender "Executive Suite" and "Rider Revolution" as well as the all-female "Capitol Harmony". The school also fields the only competitive inclusive show choir in the United States, "Unity, Inc." The program also hosts an annual competition.
RHS has a theater program that typically has two plays per semester, along with a summer show. The second show of the spring semester is usually a musical.
Notable alumni
Kellen Briggs, hockey player
January Jones, actress in the television series Mad Men
Joe Krabbenhoft, basketball coach
Mason McCormick, college football offensive lineman for the Pittsburgh Steelers
References
^ a b c "Roosevelt High School - 03". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
^ Terveen, Joyce (August 27, 1991). "Cool new school". Sioux Falls Argus Leader. Retrieved October 8, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Conlon, Shelly (August 23, 2018). "With record enrollment of 2,300, Roosevelt principal says 'this year is a miracle'". Sioux Falls Argus Leader. Gannett. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
^ "Metro Athletic Conference". Metro Athletic Conference. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
^ "History". South Dakota High School Baseball Association. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
^ Palleschi, Jerry (October 8, 2019). "Sioux Falls Roosevelt Wins 2019 South Dakota AA Boys Golf Title". ESPN 99.1. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
^ "SCC: Viewing School - Sioux Falls Roosevelt High School". Show Choir Community. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
^ Holsen, Matt (July 7, 2020). "All-abilities show choir helps spread message of inclusion". KELO. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
^ "SCC: Sioux Falls Roosevelt Executive Showcase 2020". Show Choir Community. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
^ "Kellen Briggs - Men's Hockey". University of Minnesota. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
^ Bahr, Jeff (March 20, 2011). "Hecla revisited: Actress' family recounts time in South Dakota". The American News. Aberdeen, South Dakota. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
^ "Joe Krabbenhoft | Men's Basketball". University of Wisconsin. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
^ "How they fit: Mason McCormick". www.steelers.com. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
vteSioux Falls School DistrictHigh schools
Jefferson
Lincoln
Roosevelt
Washington
New Technology
Joe Foss Alternative
Authority control databases: Geographic
NCES
This South Dakota school-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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|
[]
| null |
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|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_B
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Bureau B
|
["1 History","2 List of artists with original releases","3 List of artists with re-releases","4 Releases","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"]
|
Bureau BFounded2005FounderGunther BuskiesDistributor(s)Indigo Musikproduktion + Vertrieb GmbHGenreKrautrock, avant-garde Electronics, Post-punkCountry of originGermanyLocationHamburgOfficial websitewww.bureau-b.com
Bureau B (sometimes quoted as Bureau-B) is an independent record label, music publisher and booking agency from Hamburg, Germany, founded in 2005 by Gunther Buskies (B for Buskies) as a sister label to Tapete Records. The label releases varieties of electronic, free-spirited music, with the spectrum ranging from pop to avant-garde. The label has amassed an extensive catalogue of reissues and new productions, including classics from the genre of electronic music in the 1970s and early 1980s popularly classified as Krautrock (Cluster, Roedelius, Moebius, Plank, Schnitzler), alongside new recordings by such formative artists as Faust, Kreidler, Roedelius, Tietchens, Moebius.
History
The label started with (re-)releases of quality-rated recordings of German Schlager artists like Gitte (with Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band), Mary Roos (a chanson album), Heidelinde Weis, or James Last (a 1975 jazzy Easy Listening session in Los Angeles) and compilations like Achtung! German Grooves, Sprechen Sie Pop? or Easy Beatles.
In 2008 Bureau B re-issued one 7" by Neue Deutsche Welle band Palais Schaumburg, and two 7" by Klaus Dinger's la Düsseldorf, and from 2009 began to exploit the catalog of Sky Records, focussing on albums of musical genres like electronica, avant-garde, krautrock: e.g. recordings by Cluster, Conny Plank, Brian Eno, Roedelius, or Dieter Moebius considered as landmark albums.
In 2012 Bureau B expanded its repertoire by re-releasing a series of important out-of-print albums by Conrad Schnitzler as well as recordings out of the catalog of legendary Neue Deutsche Welle label Ata Tak, like D.A.F., Andreas Dorau, Der Plan, or Pyrolator.
Original releases by contemporary artists include Karl Bartos, Faust, Kreidler, Like a Stuntman, Pyrolator, Qluster, Ulrich Schnauss, or Tarwater.
To provide an overview of the various musical styles in which Bureau B specializes, the label launched a compilation entitled KOLLEKTION in 2014. Each release in this series is curated by a musician. So far, artists like Tim Gane, Lloyd Cole, Holger Hiller, Richard Fearless and Thomas Fehlmann have participated. The latest release in this series is KOLLEKTION 05, released in July 2015.
All in all, there have been over 200 releases on Bureau B so far (as of November 2015). The label is internationally distributed, with the overseas sales being considerably higher than the sales in Germany.
List of artists with original releases
Andreas Dorau
Automat
Camera
Camouflage
Die Wilde Jagd
Din A Testbild
Faust
Gut und Irmler
Gurumaniax
Günter Schickert
Hans Nieswandt
Hearts No Static
Junior Electronics
Karl Bartos
Kreidler
Lloyd Cole / H.J. Roedelius
Like a Stuntman
Mani Neumeier
Max Loderbauer
Moebius / Story / Leidecker
Moebius + Tietchens
Neumeier / Kawabata
Ninca Leece
Ougenweide
Pyrolator
Qluster
Roedelius / Schneider
Schneider Kacirek
Schnauss & Peters
Schneider TM
Sølyst
Tarwater
Whirlpool Productions
Ziguri
List of artists with re-releases
39 Clocks
Andreas Dorau
Asmus Tietchens
Brian Eno
Camouflage
Cluster
Conrad Schnitzler
Conny Plank
Deutsch Amerikanische Freundschaft (D.A.F.)
Der Plan
Die Partei
Fehlfarben
Günter Schickert
Hans Nieswandt
Harald Grosskopf
Harmonia
la Düsseldorf
Michael Rother
Moebius
Moebius / Neumeier / Engler
Palais Schaumburg
Phantomband
Pyrolator
Rüdiger Lorenz
Roedelius
Thomas Dinger
Wolfgang Riechmann
You
Releases
All the records are printed on high-quality 180g vinyl.
The re-issues contain new liner-notes, e.g. Schnitzler and Sky Records re-issues by Asmus Tietchens, Andreas Dorau re-issues by Carsten Friedrichs. Some of the re-releases contain bonus.
The vinyls additionally include a download code for the album as a digital file or the whole album as a CD.
See also
Tapete Records
List of record labels
References
^ http://www.discogs.com/label/Bureau+B Discogs
^ "Grosse Freiheit".
^ http://wasistdas.co.uk/news/2009/10/bureau-b-re-release-sky-records-releases/ Bureau-b re-release Sky Records releases, Was ist das co.uk, October 18, 2009
^ http://www.allmusic.com/album/sowiesoso-mw0000651409 Cluster - Sowiesoso, John Bush, Allmusic ****
^ http://www.allmusic.com/album/eruption-mw0000258043 Kluster - Eruption, John Bush, Allmusic ****
^ http://www.allmusic.com/album/jardin-au-fou-mw0000767570 Roedelius - Jardin Au Fou, François Couture, Allmusic ***-****
^ http://www.allmusic.com/album/wenn-der-südwind-weht-mw0000182565 Roedelius - Wenn der Südwind weht, John Bush, Allmusic ****-*****
^ http://soundcolourvibration.com/2011/11/21/roedelius-wasser-im-wind/ Bureau B opens the vaults back up on the 1982 electronic and ambient record “Wasser im Wind” from Cluster’s Roedelius, Sound Colour Vibration
^ http://www.allmusic.com/album/durch-die-wüste-mw0000186228 Roedelius- Durch die Wüste, Keith Farley, Allmusic ****-***** Album pick
^ http://www.allmusic.com/album/cluster-eno-mw0000647074 Cluster & Eno, Michael Waynick, Allmusic ****
^ http://www.allmusic.com/album/rot-mw0000376319 Conrad Schnitzler - Rot, John Bush, Allmusic ****-***** Album pick
^ http://www.factmag.com/2013/05/23/bureau-b-to-reissue-pair-of-vintage-conrad-schnitzler-lps/ "His thrumming electronic music is often fingered as a crucial link in the DNA of techno and synth wave, and celebrated electronic artists have correspondingly paid tribute" Fact Mag
^ http://www.factmag.com/2012/11/30/the-40-best-reissues-of-2012/23/ Pyrolator - Ausland & Pyrolator - Inland, the 40 best reissues of 2012, Fact Mag
^ http://www.factmag.com/2013/02/27/bureau-b-to-reissue-a-k-klosawski-and-pyrolators-manic-1985-lp-home-taping-is-killing-music/ Pyrolator/Klosowski - Home Taping Is Killing Music "In other words, very highly recommended", Fact Mag
^ http://www.allmusic.com/album/normalette-surprise-23-elektronische-schlager-mw0000889329 Der Plan - Normalette Surprise, Peter Schaefer, Allmusic ****
^ http://www.factmag.com/2012/11/27/kraftwerks-karl-bartos-announces-first-album-in-nine-years-off-the-record/ "Kraftwerks Karl Bartos announces first album in nine years" Fact Mag, November 27, 2012
^ http://wasistdas.co.uk/news/2009/10/bureau-b-re-release-sky-records-releases/ "Bureau B reissues more than 20 of the most exciting SKY albums on CD and on 180 g heavy vinyl"
^ a b http://www.discogs.com/label/Bureau+B detailed infos in Discogs entries
^ a b c http://www.bureau-b.com/ detailed infos on label site
^ http://www.factmag.com/2013/05/23/bureau-b-to-reissue-pair-of-vintage-conrad-schnitzler-lps/ "with liner notes from fellow Krautrock traveller Asmus Tietchens" Fact Mag
^ http://wasistdas.co.uk/news/2009/10/bureau-b-re-release-sky-records-releases/ "Bureau B reissues more than 20 of the most exciting SKY albums on CD and on 180 g heavy vinyl – all include rare photos and liner notes by Asmus Tietchens"
^ "Bureau B".
External links
Official site
Bureau B on Discogs
Bureau B on Facebook
Bureau B on Twitter
Authority control databases
MusicBrainz label
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"independent record label","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_record_label"},{"link_name":"music publisher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_publisher_(popular_music)"},{"link_name":"booking agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booking_agent#Music_agents"},{"link_name":"Hamburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg"},{"link_name":"2005","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_in_music"},{"link_name":"Tapete Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapete_Records"},{"link_name":"Krautrock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krautrock"},{"link_name":"Faust","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faust_(band)"},{"link_name":"Kreidler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreidler_(band)"},{"link_name":"Roedelius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Joachim_Roedelius"},{"link_name":"Tietchens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asmus_Tietchens"},{"link_name":"Moebius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Moebius"}],"text":"Bureau B (sometimes quoted as Bureau-B) is an independent record label, music publisher and booking agency from Hamburg, Germany, founded in 2005 by Gunther Buskies (B for Buskies) as a sister label to Tapete Records. The label releases varieties of electronic, free-spirited music, with the spectrum ranging from pop to avant-garde. The label has amassed an extensive catalogue of reissues and new productions, including classics from the genre of electronic music in the 1970s and early 1980s popularly classified as Krautrock (Cluster, Roedelius, Moebius, Plank, Schnitzler), alongside new recordings by such formative artists as Faust, Kreidler, Roedelius, Tietchens, Moebius.","title":"Bureau B"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Schlager","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlager"},{"link_name":"Gitte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitte"},{"link_name":"Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Clarke/Francy_Boland_Big_Band"},{"link_name":"Mary Roos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Roos"},{"link_name":"chanson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanson"},{"link_name":"Heidelinde Weis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelinde_Weis"},{"link_name":"James Last","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Last"},{"link_name":"Easy Listening","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easy_Listening"},{"link_name":"Beatles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatles"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"7\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7%22#Common_formats"},{"link_name":"Neue Deutsche Welle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_Welle"},{"link_name":"Palais Schaumburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Schaumburg_(band)"},{"link_name":"Klaus Dinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Dinger"},{"link_name":"la Düsseldorf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_D%C3%BCsseldorf"},{"link_name":"Sky Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Records"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"electronica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronica"},{"link_name":"avant-garde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-garde"},{"link_name":"krautrock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krautrock"},{"link_name":"Cluster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_(band)"},{"link_name":"Conny Plank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conny_Plank"},{"link_name":"Brian Eno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Eno"},{"link_name":"Roedelius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roedelius"},{"link_name":"Dieter Moebius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Moebius"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Conrad Schnitzler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Schnitzler"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Neue Deutsche Welle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_Welle"},{"link_name":"D.A.F.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsch_Amerikanische_Freundschaft"},{"link_name":"Der Plan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Plan"},{"link_name":"Pyrolator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Dahlke"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Karl Bartos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Bartos"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Faust","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faust_(band)"},{"link_name":"Kreidler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreidler_(band)"},{"link_name":"Pyrolator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolator"},{"link_name":"Qluster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qluster"},{"link_name":"Ulrich Schnauss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_Schnauss"},{"link_name":"Tarwater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarwater_(band)"},{"link_name":"Tim Gane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Gane"},{"link_name":"Lloyd Cole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Cole"},{"link_name":"Holger Hiller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holger_Hiller"},{"link_name":"Richard Fearless","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Fearless"},{"link_name":"Thomas Fehlmann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Fehlmann"}],"text":"The label started with (re-)releases of quality-rated recordings of German Schlager artists like Gitte (with Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band), Mary Roos (a chanson album), Heidelinde Weis, or James Last (a 1975 jazzy Easy Listening session in Los Angeles) and compilations like Achtung! German Grooves, Sprechen Sie Pop? or Easy Beatles.[1][2]In 2008 Bureau B re-issued one 7\" by Neue Deutsche Welle band Palais Schaumburg, and two 7\" by Klaus Dinger's la Düsseldorf, and from 2009 began to exploit the catalog of Sky Records,[3] focussing on albums of musical genres like electronica, avant-garde, krautrock: e.g. recordings by Cluster, Conny Plank, Brian Eno, Roedelius, or Dieter Moebius considered as landmark albums.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]In 2012 Bureau B expanded its repertoire by re-releasing a series of important out-of-print albums by Conrad Schnitzler[11][12] as well as recordings out of the catalog of legendary Neue Deutsche Welle label Ata Tak, like D.A.F., Andreas Dorau, Der Plan, or Pyrolator.[13][14][15]Original releases by contemporary artists include Karl Bartos,[16] Faust, Kreidler, Like a Stuntman, Pyrolator, Qluster, Ulrich Schnauss, or Tarwater.To provide an overview of the various musical styles in which Bureau B specializes, the label launched a compilation entitled KOLLEKTION in 2014. Each release in this series is curated by a musician. So far, artists like Tim Gane, Lloyd Cole, Holger Hiller, Richard Fearless and Thomas Fehlmann have participated. The latest release in this series is KOLLEKTION 05, released in July 2015.All in all, there have been over 200 releases on Bureau B so far (as of November 2015). The label is internationally distributed, with the overseas sales being considerably higher than the sales in Germany.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Automat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automat"},{"link_name":"Camouflage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camouflage"},{"link_name":"Faust","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faust_(band)"},{"link_name":"Hans Nieswandt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool_Productions"},{"link_name":"Hearts No Static","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearts_No_Static"},{"link_name":"Karl Bartos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Bartos"},{"link_name":"Kreidler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreidler_(band)"},{"link_name":"Lloyd Cole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Cole"},{"link_name":"H.J. Roedelius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Joachim_Roedelius"},{"link_name":"Mani Neumeier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_Neumeier"},{"link_name":"Moebius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Moebius"},{"link_name":"Leidecker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wobbly_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Moebius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Moebius"},{"link_name":"Tietchens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asmus_Tietchens"},{"link_name":"Neumeier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_Neumeier"},{"link_name":"Ougenweide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ougenweide"},{"link_name":"Pyrolator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolator"},{"link_name":"Qluster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qluster"},{"link_name":"Roedelius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Joachim_Roedelius"},{"link_name":"Schnauss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_Schnauss"},{"link_name":"Peters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Peters_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Schneider TM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schneider_TM"},{"link_name":"Tarwater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarwater_(band)"},{"link_name":"Whirlpool Productions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool_Productions"}],"text":"Andreas Dorau\nAutomat\nCamera\nCamouflage\nDie Wilde Jagd\nDin A Testbild\nFaust\nGut und Irmler\nGurumaniax\nGünter Schickert\nHans Nieswandt\nHearts No Static\nJunior Electronics\nKarl Bartos\nKreidler\nLloyd Cole / H.J. Roedelius\nLike a Stuntman\nMani Neumeier\nMax Loderbauer\nMoebius / Story / Leidecker\nMoebius + Tietchens\nNeumeier / Kawabata\nNinca Leece\nOugenweide\nPyrolator\nQluster\nRoedelius / Schneider\nSchneider Kacirek\nSchnauss & Peters\nSchneider TM\nSølyst\nTarwater\nWhirlpool Productions\nZiguri","title":"List of artists with original releases"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Asmus Tietchens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asmus_Tietchens"},{"link_name":"Brian Eno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Eno"},{"link_name":"Camouflage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camouflage"},{"link_name":"Cluster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_(band)"},{"link_name":"Conrad Schnitzler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Schnitzler"},{"link_name":"Conny Plank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conny_Plank"},{"link_name":"Deutsch Amerikanische Freundschaft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsch_Amerikanische_Freundschaft"},{"link_name":"Der Plan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Plan"},{"link_name":"Die Partei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Partei"},{"link_name":"Fehlfarben","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fehlfarben"},{"link_name":"Hans Nieswandt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool_Productions"},{"link_name":"Harald Grosskopf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Grosskopf"},{"link_name":"Harmonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonia_(band)"},{"link_name":"la Düsseldorf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_D%C3%BCsseldorf"},{"link_name":"Michael Rother","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Rother"},{"link_name":"Moebius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Moebius"},{"link_name":"Moebius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Moebius"},{"link_name":"Neumeier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_Neumeier"},{"link_name":"Palais Schaumburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Schaumburg_(band)"},{"link_name":"Phantomband","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaki_Liebezeit"},{"link_name":"Pyrolator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolator"},{"link_name":"Rüdiger Lorenz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCdiger_Lorenz"},{"link_name":"Roedelius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roedelius"},{"link_name":"Thomas Dinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dinger"}],"text":"39 Clocks\nAndreas Dorau\nAsmus Tietchens\nBrian Eno\nCamouflage\nCluster\nConrad Schnitzler\nConny Plank\nDeutsch Amerikanische Freundschaft (D.A.F.)\nDer Plan\nDie Partei\nFehlfarben\nGünter Schickert\nHans Nieswandt\nHarald Grosskopf\nHarmonia\nla Düsseldorf\nMichael Rother\nMoebius\nMoebius / Neumeier / Engler\nPalais Schaumburg\nPhantomband\nPyrolator\nRüdiger Lorenz\nRoedelius\nThomas Dinger\nWolfgang Riechmann\nYou","title":"List of artists with re-releases"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-label-19"},{"link_name":"Asmus Tietchens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asmus_Tietchens"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-label-19"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-label-19"}],"text":"All the records are printed on high-quality 180g vinyl.[17][18][19]The re-issues contain new liner-notes, e.g. Schnitzler and Sky Records re-issues by Asmus Tietchens,[20][21] Andreas Dorau re-issues by Carsten Friedrichs.[18][19][22] Some of the re-releases contain bonus.The vinyls additionally include a download code for the album as a digital file or the whole album as a CD.[19]","title":"Releases"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"Tapete Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapete_Records"},{"title":"List of record labels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_record_labels"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Grosse Freiheit\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.grosse-freiheit-music.com/","url_text":"\"Grosse Freiheit\""}]},{"reference":"\"Bureau B\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bureau-b.com/dorau.php","url_text":"\"Bureau B\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"http://www.bureau-b.com/index.php","external_links_name":"www.bureau-b.com"},{"Link":"http://www.discogs.com/label/Bureau+B","external_links_name":"http://www.discogs.com/label/Bureau+B"},{"Link":"http://www.grosse-freiheit-music.com/","external_links_name":"\"Grosse Freiheit\""},{"Link":"http://wasistdas.co.uk/news/2009/10/bureau-b-re-release-sky-records-releases/","external_links_name":"http://wasistdas.co.uk/news/2009/10/bureau-b-re-release-sky-records-releases/"},{"Link":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/sowiesoso-mw0000651409","external_links_name":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/sowiesoso-mw0000651409"},{"Link":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/eruption-mw0000258043","external_links_name":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/eruption-mw0000258043"},{"Link":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/jardin-au-fou-mw0000767570","external_links_name":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/jardin-au-fou-mw0000767570"},{"Link":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/wenn-der-s%C3%BCdwind-weht-mw0000182565","external_links_name":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/wenn-der-südwind-weht-mw0000182565"},{"Link":"http://soundcolourvibration.com/2011/11/21/roedelius-wasser-im-wind/","external_links_name":"http://soundcolourvibration.com/2011/11/21/roedelius-wasser-im-wind/"},{"Link":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/durch-die-w%C3%BCste-mw0000186228","external_links_name":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/durch-die-wüste-mw0000186228"},{"Link":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/cluster-eno-mw0000647074","external_links_name":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/cluster-eno-mw0000647074"},{"Link":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/rot-mw0000376319","external_links_name":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/rot-mw0000376319"},{"Link":"http://www.factmag.com/2013/05/23/bureau-b-to-reissue-pair-of-vintage-conrad-schnitzler-lps/","external_links_name":"http://www.factmag.com/2013/05/23/bureau-b-to-reissue-pair-of-vintage-conrad-schnitzler-lps/"},{"Link":"http://www.factmag.com/2012/11/30/the-40-best-reissues-of-2012/23/","external_links_name":"http://www.factmag.com/2012/11/30/the-40-best-reissues-of-2012/23/"},{"Link":"http://www.factmag.com/2013/02/27/bureau-b-to-reissue-a-k-klosawski-and-pyrolators-manic-1985-lp-home-taping-is-killing-music/","external_links_name":"http://www.factmag.com/2013/02/27/bureau-b-to-reissue-a-k-klosawski-and-pyrolators-manic-1985-lp-home-taping-is-killing-music/"},{"Link":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/normalette-surprise-23-elektronische-schlager-mw0000889329","external_links_name":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/normalette-surprise-23-elektronische-schlager-mw0000889329"},{"Link":"http://www.factmag.com/2012/11/27/kraftwerks-karl-bartos-announces-first-album-in-nine-years-off-the-record/","external_links_name":"http://www.factmag.com/2012/11/27/kraftwerks-karl-bartos-announces-first-album-in-nine-years-off-the-record/"},{"Link":"http://wasistdas.co.uk/news/2009/10/bureau-b-re-release-sky-records-releases/","external_links_name":"http://wasistdas.co.uk/news/2009/10/bureau-b-re-release-sky-records-releases/"},{"Link":"http://www.discogs.com/label/Bureau+B","external_links_name":"http://www.discogs.com/label/Bureau+B"},{"Link":"http://www.bureau-b.com/","external_links_name":"http://www.bureau-b.com/"},{"Link":"http://www.factmag.com/2013/05/23/bureau-b-to-reissue-pair-of-vintage-conrad-schnitzler-lps/","external_links_name":"http://www.factmag.com/2013/05/23/bureau-b-to-reissue-pair-of-vintage-conrad-schnitzler-lps/"},{"Link":"http://wasistdas.co.uk/news/2009/10/bureau-b-re-release-sky-records-releases/","external_links_name":"http://wasistdas.co.uk/news/2009/10/bureau-b-re-release-sky-records-releases/"},{"Link":"http://www.bureau-b.com/dorau.php","external_links_name":"\"Bureau B\""},{"Link":"http://www.bureau-b.com/","external_links_name":"Official site"},{"Link":"http://www.discogs.com/label/Bureau+B","external_links_name":"Bureau B on Discogs"},{"Link":"https://www.facebook.com/pages/Bureau-B/182697285110285","external_links_name":"Bureau B on Facebook"},{"Link":"https://twitter.com/bureaublabel","external_links_name":"Bureau B on Twitter"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/label/4e59185f-c83f-4c75-946b-156495a28c1b","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz label"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampines_Single_Member_Constituency
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Tampines Constituency
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["1 History","2 Member of Parliament","3 Elections","4 Candidates and Results","4.1 Elections in the 1980s","4.2 Elections in the 1970s","4.3 Elections in the 1960s","4.4 Elections in the 1950s","5 See also","6 References"]
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Constituency in Tampines, Singapore
Not to be confused with Tampines Group Representation Constituency.
Tampines Constituency was a constituency in Tampines, Singapore.
History
In the 1955 general elections, this ward started as part of Punggol–Tampines SMC which consisted of largely present-day Hougang, Pasir Ris, Punggol, Sengkang, Simei and Tampines. These were considered rural areas of Singapore and had a very low population (there were only 6,628 voters then, of which only 3,886 of them turned out to vote).
Subsequently, in 1959, this ward was split into Punggol SMC and Tampines SMC. The present-day Hougang, Punggol and Sengkang were hived off as Punggol SMC while Tampines SMC took on significant portions of Ulu Bedok SMC to become one of the larger wards in eastern Singapore. Thus, Tampines SMC was made up of present-day Bedok (except Kampong Chai Chee which is part of the Kampong Kembangan SMC), Pasir Ris, Simei, Tampines. It remained thus until 1968 when Bedok was largely transferred to Kampong Chai Chee SMC.
From 1968, no significant changes were made to the SMC until 1984 when Simei and part of Tampines (which is south of Tampines Avenue 2) formed the new Changkat SMC due to the growing population in the fast-development in Tampines New Town. From 1984 to 1988, this ward then only consisted of present-day Tampines and Pasir Ris. The ward only contain the residents committees in Tampines that is north of Tampines Avenue 2.
As Tampines New Town continued to grow, it was subsumed into the Tampines Group Representation Constituency in 1988 which was the first election in which the Group Representation Constituency system was used. The fast-growing Tampines had 60,084 voters; and it was necessary to split into three.
Member of Parliament
Year
Member of Parliament
Party
Legislative Assembly of Singapore
1959
Goh Chew Chua
PAP
1963
Poh Ber Liak
BS
Parliament of Singapore
1967
Chew Chin Han
PAP
1968
Phua Bah Lee
1972
1976
1980
1984
Elections
Note : Elections Department Singapore do not include rejected votes for calculation of candidate's vote share. Hence, the total of all candidates' vote share will be 100%.
Candidates and Results
Elections in the 1980s
General Election 1984: Tampines
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
PAP
Phua Bah Lee
13,163
72.34
-13.58
United People's Front
Kasim bin Ibrahim
5,032
27.66
+13.58
Majority
8,131
44.68
-27.16
Turnout
19,060
97.0
+1.6
PAP hold
Swing
-13.58
General Election 1980: Tampines
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
PAP
Phua Bah Lee
15,065
85.92
United People's Front
Kasim bin Ibrahim
2,469
14.08
Majority
12,596
71.84
Turnout
18,108
95.4
PAP hold
Swing
N/A
Elections in the 1970s
General Election 1976: Tampines
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
PAP
Phua Bah Lee
Walkover
Majority
Turnout
15,559
PAP hold
Swing
N/A
General Election 1972: Tampines
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
PAP
Phua Bah Lee
9,049
64.30
PF
Tan Sim Hock
5,025
35.70
Majority
4,024
28.60
Turnout
14,510
94.8
PAP hold
Swing
N/A
Elections in the 1960s
General Election 1968: Tampines
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
PAP
Phua Bah Lee
Walkover
Majority
Turnout
12,703
PAP hold
Swing
By Election 1967: Tampines
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
PAP
Chew Chin Han
Walkover
Majority
Turnout
16,481
PAP gain from BS
Swing
General Election 1963: Tampines
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
BS
Poh Ber Liak
5,976
48.33
+48.33
PAP
Goh Chew Chua
3,601
29.13
-44.14
UPP
Liam Tian Seng
2,130
17.23
+17.23
SA
Lim Jew Kan
656
5.31
-14.73
Majority
2,375
19.2
-42.47
Turnout
12,486
95.0
+4.9
BS gain from PAP
Swing
-44.14
Notes: SPA joins UMNO-MCA-MIC alliance to form SA in 1963 GE.
Elections in the 1950s
General Election 1959: Tampines
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
PAP
Goh Chew Chua
7,461
73.27
SPA
Ong Phi Hok
2,041
20.04
Independent
Lim Choo Ten
681
6.69
Majority
5,420
53.3
Turnout
10,334
90.1
PAP win (new seat)
See also
Tampines GRC
Tampines
References
^ "Singapore People's Alliance".
1984 General Election's result
1980 General Election's result
1976 General Election's result
1972 General Election's result
1968 General Election's result
1967 By Election's result
1963 General Election's result
1959 General Election's result
In 1955, it started with Punggol - Tampines
Map of Punggol–Tampines ward in 1955
Map of Tampines ward in 1959
Map of Tampines ward in 1963
Map of Tampines ward in 1968
Map of Tampines ward in 1972
Map of Tampines ward in 1976
Map of Tampines ward in 1980
Map of Tampines ward in 1984
Map of Tampines GRC in 1988
vteConstituencies of SingaporeNumbers in parentheses indicate the number of representatives assigned.Group RepresentationConstituencies (GRCs)
Aljunied (5)
Ang Mo Kio (5)
Bishan–Toa Payoh (4)
Chua Chu Kang (4)
East Coast (5)
Holland–Bukit Timah (4)
Jalan Besar (4)
Jurong (5)
Marine Parade (5)
Marsiling–Yew Tee (4)
Nee Soon (5)
Pasir Ris–Punggol (5)
Sembawang (5)
Sengkang (4)
Tampines (5)
Tanjong Pagar (5)
West Coast (5)
Single MemberConstitutencies (SMCs)
Bukit Batok
Bukit Panjang
Hong Kah North
Hougang
Kebun Baru
MacPherson
Marymount
Mountbatten
Pioneer
Potong Pasir
Punggol West
Radin Mas
Yio Chu Kang
Yuhua
Defunct constituencies
Alexandra
Aljunied
Ang Mo Kio
Anson
Ayer Rajah
Balestier
Bedok
Bo Wen
Boon Lay
Boon Teck
Braddell Heights
Bras Basah
Brickworks
Bukit Gombak
Bukit Ho Swee
Bukit Merah
Bukit Timah
Buona Vista
Cairnhill
Changi
Changkat
Cheng San
Chong Boon
Chua Chu Kang
City
Clementi
Crawford
Delta
Eunos
Farrer Park
Fengshan
Geylang
Geylang East
Geylang Serai
Geylang West
Havelock
Henderson
Hong Kah
Hong Lim
Jalan Besar
Jalan Kayu
Joo Chiat
Jurong
Kaki Bukit
Kallang
Kampong Chai Chee
Kampong Glam
Kampong Kapor
Kampong Kembangan
Kampong Ubi
Katong
Keppel
Khe Bong
Kim Keat
Kim Seng
Kolam Ayer
Kreta Ayer
Kuo Chuan
Leng Kee
Marine Parade
Moulmein
Nee Soon
Nee Soon Central
Nee Soon East
Nee Soon South
Pasir Panjang
Paya Lebar
Punggol
Punggol East
Punggol–Tampines
Queenstown
River Valley
Rochore
Rural East
Rural West
Seletar
Sembawang
Sengkang West
Sepoy Lines
Serangoon
Serangoon Gardens
Siglap
Southern Islands
Stamford
Tampines
Tanah Merah
Tanglin
Tanjong Pagar
Teck Ghee
Telok Ayer
Telok Blangah
Thomson
Tiong Bahru
Toa Payoh
Ulu Bedok
Ulu Pandan
Upper Serangoon
West Coast
Whampoa
MMCs
Municipal North-East (2)
Municipal South-West (2)
GRCs
Bedok (4)
Brickworks (4)
Bukit Timah (5)
Cheng San (5)
Eunos (4)
Holland–Bukit Panjang (5)
Hong Kah (5)
Kampong Glam (4)
Kreta Ayer–Tanglin (4)
Moulmein–Kallang (4)
Pasir Panjang (3)
Pasir Ris (4)
Thomson (4)
Tiong Bahru (3)
Toa Payoh (4)
Lists of electoral divisions1900s
1948–51
1951–55
1955–59
1959–63
1963–68
1968–72
1972–76
1976–80
1980–84
1984–88
1988–91
1991–97
1997–2001
2000s
2001–06
2006–11
2011–15
2015–20
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tampines Group Representation Constituency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampines_Group_Representation_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Tampines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampines"}],"text":"Not to be confused with Tampines Group Representation Constituency.Tampines Constituency was a constituency in Tampines, Singapore.","title":"Tampines Constituency"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"1955 general elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955_Singaporean_general_election"},{"link_name":"Punggol–Tampines SMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punggol%E2%80%93Tampines_SMC"},{"link_name":"Hougang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hougang"},{"link_name":"Pasir Ris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir_Ris"},{"link_name":"Punggol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punggol"},{"link_name":"Sengkang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengkang"},{"link_name":"Simei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simei"},{"link_name":"Tampines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampines"},{"link_name":"1959","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_Singaporean_general_election"},{"link_name":"Punggol SMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punggol_Single_Member_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Hougang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hougang"},{"link_name":"Punggol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punggol"},{"link_name":"Sengkang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengkang"},{"link_name":"Ulu Bedok SMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulu_Bedok_SMC"},{"link_name":"eastern Singapore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Region,_Singapore"},{"link_name":"Bedok","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedok"},{"link_name":"Kampong Chai Chee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chai_Chee"},{"link_name":"Kampong Kembangan SMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampong_Kembangan_SMC"},{"link_name":"Pasir Ris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir_Ris"},{"link_name":"Simei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simei"},{"link_name":"Tampines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampines"},{"link_name":"1968","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Singaporean_general_election"},{"link_name":"Bedok","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedok"},{"link_name":"Kampong Chai Chee SMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampong_Chai_Chee_Single_Member_Constituency"},{"link_name":"1984","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Singaporean_general_election"},{"link_name":"Simei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simei"},{"link_name":"Changkat SMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changkat_SMC"},{"link_name":"Tampines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampines"},{"link_name":"Pasir Ris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir_Ris"},{"link_name":"Tampines Group Representation Constituency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampines_Group_Representation_Constituency"},{"link_name":"1988","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Singaporean_general_election"},{"link_name":"Group Representation Constituency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_Representation_Constituency"}],"text":"In the 1955 general elections, this ward started as part of Punggol–Tampines SMC which consisted of largely present-day Hougang, Pasir Ris, Punggol, Sengkang, Simei and Tampines. These were considered rural areas of Singapore and had a very low population (there were only 6,628 voters then, of which only 3,886 of them turned out to vote).Subsequently, in 1959, this ward was split into Punggol SMC and Tampines SMC. The present-day Hougang, Punggol and Sengkang were hived off as Punggol SMC while Tampines SMC took on significant portions of Ulu Bedok SMC to become one of the larger wards in eastern Singapore. Thus, Tampines SMC was made up of present-day Bedok (except Kampong Chai Chee which is part of the Kampong Kembangan SMC), Pasir Ris, Simei, Tampines. It remained thus until 1968 when Bedok was largely transferred to Kampong Chai Chee SMC.From 1968, no significant changes were made to the SMC until 1984 when Simei and part of Tampines (which is south of Tampines Avenue 2) formed the new Changkat SMC due to the growing population in the fast-development in Tampines New Town. From 1984 to 1988, this ward then only consisted of present-day Tampines and Pasir Ris. The ward only contain the residents committees in Tampines that is north of Tampines Avenue 2.As Tampines New Town continued to grow, it was subsumed into the Tampines Group Representation Constituency in 1988 which was the first election in which the Group Representation Constituency system was used. The fast-growing Tampines had 60,084 voters; and it was necessary to split into three.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Member of Parliament"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Elections Department Singapore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_Department_Singapore"}],"text":"Note : Elections Department Singapore do not include rejected votes for calculation of candidate's vote share. Hence, the total of all candidates' vote share will be 100%.","title":"Elections"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Candidates and Results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Elections in the 1980s","title":"Candidates and Results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Elections in the 1970s","title":"Candidates and Results"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"SPA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_People%27s_Alliance"},{"link_name":"SA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Alliance"},{"link_name":"1963 GE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Singaporean_general_election"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"sub_title":"Elections in the 1960s","text":"Notes: SPA joins UMNO-MCA-MIC alliance to form SA in 1963 GE.[1]","title":"Candidates and Results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Elections in the 1950s","title":"Candidates and Results"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"Tampines GRC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampines_GRC"},{"title":"Tampines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampines"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Singapore People's Alliance\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.singapore-elections.com/political-parties/spa.html","url_text":"\"Singapore People's Alliance\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.singapore-elections.com/political-parties/spa.html","external_links_name":"\"Singapore People's Alliance\""},{"Link":"https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_past_parliamentary1984.html#T","external_links_name":"1984 General Election's result"},{"Link":"https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_past_parliamentary1980.html#T","external_links_name":"1980 General Election's result"},{"Link":"https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_past_parliamentary1976.html#T","external_links_name":"1976 General Election's result"},{"Link":"https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_past_parliamentary1972.html#T","external_links_name":"1972 General Election's result"},{"Link":"https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_past_parliamentary1968.html#T","external_links_name":"1968 General Election's result"},{"Link":"https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_past_by1967.html","external_links_name":"1967 By Election's result"},{"Link":"https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_past_parliamentary1963.html#T","external_links_name":"1963 General Election's result"},{"Link":"https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_past_parliamentary1959.html#T","external_links_name":"1959 General Election's result"},{"Link":"https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_past_parliamentary1955.html#P","external_links_name":"In 1955, it started with Punggol - Tampines"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110529001126/http://www.singapore-elections.com/lega-1955-ge/index.html","external_links_name":"Map of Punggol–Tampines ward in 1955"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110528203041/http://www.singapore-elections.com/lega-1959-ge/index.html","external_links_name":"Map of Tampines ward in 1959"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110613194824/http://www.singapore-elections.com/lega-1963-ge/index.html","external_links_name":"Map of Tampines ward in 1963"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110613194726/http://www.singapore-elections.com/parl-1968-ge/index.html","external_links_name":"Map of Tampines ward in 1968"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110613194944/http://www.singapore-elections.com/parl-1972-ge/index.html","external_links_name":"Map of Tampines ward in 1972"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110613160320/http://www.singapore-elections.com/parl-1976-ge/index.html","external_links_name":"Map of Tampines ward in 1976"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110511154958/http://www.singapore-elections.com/parl-1980-ge/index.html","external_links_name":"Map of Tampines ward in 1980"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110511155311/http://www.singapore-elections.com/parl-1984-ge/index.html","external_links_name":"Map of Tampines ward in 1984"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110511155317/http://www.singapore-elections.com/parl-1988-ge/index.html","external_links_name":"Map of Tampines GRC in 1988"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangsi_station
|
Yangsi station
|
["1 References"]
|
Coordinates: 31°09′46″N 121°29′20″E / 31.1628°N 121.489°E / 31.1628; 121.489Shanghai Metro station
Yangsi杨思Station platformGeneral informationLocationShanghaiChinaCoordinates31°09′46″N 121°29′20″E / 31.1628°N 121.489°E / 31.1628; 121.489Operated byShanghai No. 4 Metro Operation Co. Ltd.Line(s) Line 8Platforms2 (1 island platform)Tracks2ConstructionStructure typeUndergroundAccessibleYesHistoryOpenedJuly 5, 2009Services
Preceding station
Shanghai Metro
Following station
Chengshan Roadtowards Shiguang Road
Line 8
Oriental Sports Centertowards Shendu Highway
Yangsi (simplified Chinese: 杨思; traditional Chinese: 楊思; pinyin: Yángsī) is a station on Line 8 of the Shanghai Metro. This station is part of the southern extension of Line 8 and opened on July 5, 2009.
The name of the station comes from the nearby town, Yangsi.
The station is located in Shanghai's Pudong New Area.
References
杨思站建设工程竣工规划验收合格证 (in Chinese)
东方网上海频道(2007年12月11日) - 浦东轨交"新四线"2009年底全建成 动迁已基本完成 (in Chinese)
文新传媒：轨交8号线还要往南延伸到航天公园站 (in Chinese)
vteShanghai Metro stationsPart of Transport in ShanghaiLine 8
Shiguang Road
Nenjiang Road
Xiangyin Road
Huangxing Park
Middle Yanji Road
Huangxing Road
Jiangpu Road 18
Anshan Xincun
Siping Road 10
Quyang Road
Hongkou Football Stadium 3
North Xizang Road
Zhongxing Road
Qufu Road 12
People's Square 1 2
Dashijie 14
Laoximen 10
Lujiabang Road 9
South Xizang Road 4
China Art Museum
Yaohua Road 7
Chengshan Road 13
Yangsi
Oriental Sports Center 6 11
Lingzhao Xincun
Luheng Road
Pujiang Town
Jiangyue Road
Lianhang Road
Shendu Highway Pujiang
Stations in italics have yet to open. Further information: MuseumRolling stockStationsTimeline See also: Suburban RailMaglevMetroTramBusFerryShanghai Public Transport Card
vtePudongAreas
Gaoqiao
Lujiazui
Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone
Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park
EducationPublic highschools
No. 2 High School Attached to East China Normal University
Jianping High School
Dongchang High School of ECNU
Pudong Foreign Languages School of Shanghai International Studies University
Private schools
Concordia International School Shanghai
Dulwich College Shanghai
Harrow International School Shanghai
Nord Anglia International School Shanghai Pudong
Shanghai American School Pudong Campus
The SMIC Private School
Shanghai Gold Apple Bilingual School
Shanghai Japanese School Pudong campus
Shanghai Pinghe School
Shanghai Shangde Experimental School
Wellington College International Shanghai
Colleges anduniversities
China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong
Fudan University Zhangjiang Campus
New York University Shanghai
Shanghai Maritime University
Landmarks
Century Avenue
Century Park
Jin Mao Tower
Grand Hyatt Shanghai
Jiuduansha
Oriental Art Center
Oriental Pearl Tower
Shanghai Detention Center
Shanghai Disney Resort
More information
Shanghai Expo Park
Shanghai New International Expo Center
Shanghai Science and Technology Museum
Shanghai Tower
Shanghai World Financial Center
Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park
Gigafactory Shanghai
TransportAviation
Shanghai Pudong International Airport
Maglev
Shanghai Maglev Train
Shanghai Metrostations
Century Avenue
Century Park
Changqing Road
China Art Museum
Chuansha
Dongchang Road
East Huaxia Road
Fanghua Road (formerly Hunan Road)
Guanglan Road
Haitiansan Road
Houtan
Huamu Road
Jinke Road
Jinxiu Road
Lancun Road
Lingkong Road
Lingzhao Xincun
Longyang Road
Lujiazui
Middle Chuangxin Road (formerly Tang Town East)
Oriental Sports Center
Pudian Road (Line 4)
Pudian Road (Line 6)
Pudong Avenue
Pudong International Airport
Shanghai Science and Technology Museum
South Yanggao Road
Tangqiao
Tangzhen
West Gaoke Road (formerly Hi-Tech West Road)
Yangsi station
Yaohua Road
Yuandong Avenue
Yuntai Road
This list is incomplete.German School Shanghai and French School of Shanghai formerly had campuses in Pudong.
This Shanghai Metro-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"simplified Chinese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters"},{"link_name":"traditional Chinese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters"},{"link_name":"pinyin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin"},{"link_name":"Line 8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_8_(Shanghai_Metro)"},{"link_name":"Shanghai Metro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Metro"},{"link_name":"Pudong New Area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudong"}],"text":"Shanghai Metro stationYangsi (simplified Chinese: 杨思; traditional Chinese: 楊思; pinyin: Yángsī) is a station on Line 8 of the Shanghai Metro. This station is part of the southern extension of Line 8 and opened on July 5, 2009.The name of the station comes from the nearby town, Yangsi.The station is located in Shanghai's Pudong New Area.","title":"Yangsi station"}]
|
[]
| null |
[]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yangsi_station¶ms=31.1628_N_121.489_E_source:kolossus-zhwiki_type:railwaystation_region:CN","external_links_name":"31°09′46″N 121°29′20″E / 31.1628°N 121.489°E / 31.1628; 121.489"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yangsi_station¶ms=31.1628_N_121.489_E_source:kolossus-zhwiki_type:railwaystation_region:CN","external_links_name":"31°09′46″N 121°29′20″E / 31.1628°N 121.489°E / 31.1628; 121.489"},{"Link":"http://www.shghj.gov.cn/Ct_4.aspx?ct_id=00070727D11930","external_links_name":"杨思站建设工程竣工规划验收合格证"},{"Link":"http://xwwb.eastday.com/x/20071211/u1a382283.html","external_links_name":"东方网上海频道(2007年12月11日) - 浦东轨交\"新四线\"2009年底全建成 动迁已基本完成"},{"Link":"http://topic.news365.com.cn/jjstxg_4090/200712/t20071205_1675008.htm","external_links_name":"文新传媒：轨交8号线还要往南延伸到航天公园站"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yangsi_station&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Waheen_Market_fire
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Waheen Market fire
|
["1 Lead up","2 Fire","3 Response","4 Impact","5 International support","5.1 Somalia","5.2 Canada","5.3 China","5.4 Taiwan","5.5 United Kingdom","5.6 United States","5.7 Other nations","6 See also","7 External links","8 References"]
|
Coordinates: 9°33′47″N 44°04′12″E / 9.5631725°N 44.0699626°E / 9.5631725; 44.0699626Somaliland Market Fire
9°33′47″N 44°04′12″E / 9.5631725°N 44.0699626°E / 9.5631725; 44.0699626
2022 Waheen Market fireThe market fire on the night of 1 April.Date1 April, 2022Time8:10 PM, 1 April –Dawn, 2 AprilLocationWaheen Market, Hargeisa, SomalilandCoordinates9°33′47″N 44°04′12″E / 9.5631725°N 44.0699626°E / 9.5631725; 44.0699626Also known asWaheem, Waaheen, and Waaheem Market FireCausePossible electrical malfunctionDeaths0Non-fatal injuries28Property damage$2 Billion USD, >1 Trillion SLS
The 2022 Waheen Market fire was a fire that took place in Hargeisa in the self-proclaimed nation of Somaliland on 1 April 2022. While there were no deaths, damages from the fire amounted to around USD $2 billion, or 60% of Somaliland's GDP.
Lead up
Somaliland, along with the whole of the Horn of Africa, had been suffering from one of the worst droughts in decades, with Somaliland recording its driest season in 40 years. This led to an already sensitive food situation in the nation, as well as a lack of other commodities. On top of the inflation that began following the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine, this disaster was especially devastating to the communities that relied on the market.
Fire
The market fire began on the evening of 1 April at around 8:10 PM and was largely extinguished by the dawn of 2 April. The fire started possibly due to an electrical fault in an old warehouse in the market according to eyewitnesses, where the fire was quickly picked up by winds helping it to spread across the market. The fire took around 20 hours to extinguish, but even after this, small plumes of smoke were still prevalent across the market. Due to this, the clean-up operation would begin early 5 April, after allowing time for the traders to try to retrieve any property that survived.
While there were no deaths associated with the fire, 28 people were injured. The majority of those injured had gone into the fire attempting to salvage goods from their burning stalls.
Response
The site of the Waheen Market fire was visited most notably by Dahabshiil CEO Abdirashid Duale, Hargeisa's Mayor Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge, and Somaliland President Muse Bihi Abdi, both on 2 April. The Somaliland government released $1 million shortly after the fire was extinguished to help with emergency response, and set up a five-member committee to lead the rescue operation and efforts to assist those affected.
According to Mayor Mooge, the fire could have been brought under control before causing such extensive damage, but the city's firefighters were hampered by access problems. With no proper streets and only narrow pathways crowded by locked stalls and traders trying to salvage their goods, there was no easy way to get the firetrucks to where the blaze was. The fire brigade in Hargeisa was also very small, only consisting of 28 firetrucks with only 24 being used in the fire because of the access problems mentioned, according to Somaliland's fire and rescue chief Ahmed Mohamed Hassan. "The town has never witnessed such a massive calamity," Mayor Mooge told reporters at the scene.
Impact
The fire destroyed an area of about 99,000 m² (about 24 acres), destroying an estimated 2,000 to 5,000 businesses, affecting some 17,000 traders directly, including many migrant workers from Somalia, Kenya, and other parts of East Africa. Some historic buildings displaying Ottoman architecture were also destroyed in the blaze. The damages totaled an estimated USD $1.5 billion to $2 billion, or 60% of the nations GDP. The market, also being an important trading hub with financial links to other parts of the world including the Middle East, China, Asia, and Europe, will likely cause long term economic damage to the nation as well.
International support
International support for Somaliland after the market fire, by country.
On 3 April, Somaliland officials launched an international appeal for USD $2 billion to urgently deliver humanitarian support to the families and businesses affected by the fire. $2 billion was chosen as the amount as that was the estimated loss caused by the fire. In response to this call, multiple countries and cities from around the world showed their support by raising money and donating humanitarian aid.
Somalia
Somalia, being the de jure government over the region, offered to send $11.7 million to Hargeisa to help those who were affected by the fire. This caused debate among politicians and the affected families if they should accept money from the country Somaliland as a whole was trying to distance itself from. President of Somalia Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed also said he spoke on the phone with President Abdi to discuss the extent of the devastation caused by the fire. The Somali Prime Minister Mohamed Hussein Roble and Somali opposition party leaders also offered their condolences to Somaliland.
Canada
Members of The Canadian Alliance to Rebuild Hargeisa Market, set up not long after the fire by members of Canada's Somaliland community, meet with Members of parliament in Ottawa to provide $10 million in aid toward rebuilding efforts, and to match funds raised by local community groups across Canada. Canadian based relief organization Relieve Humanity International (RHI) also called on Canadians across the country to provide their support and raise awareness for those affected by the fire.
China
The Chinese government originally wished to send their diplomat to Somalia Fei Shengchao to Hargeisa to discuss how China could potentially help mitigate the disaster, but further plans potentially saw lawmakers, opposition leaders, and university students attending the envoy as well. The government of Somaliland ultimately called off the diplomatic visit as they suspected that the ultimate motivation was to sabotage the growing Somaliland–Taiwan relations.
Taiwan
Taiwan donated twice with aid and funding exceeding USD $1 million. Taiwan first donated on 27 April, when Taiwan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs donated USD $500,000 to help relieve victims of the fire. On 30 April, the Taiwanese government and two Taiwanese NGOs donated another USD $550,000 (NT $16.91 million) and containers of humanitarian supplies to those affected by the fire. The monetary and aid package was delivered to Somaliland authorities by an envoy headed by Allen Lou (羅震華).
United Kingdom
United Kingdom Prime Minister Boris Johnson addressed the fire and voiced his sympathy in a message on Twitter, saying also that the "UK will do what we can to support Somaliland's rebuilding effort". UK Foreign Secretary Liz Truss also offered her condolences on Twitter, also saying that the "UK is working with the authorities and international partners to seek to provide support". The main Somaliland-UK GoFundMe raised more than £10,800. Communities, particularly in Wales, also came together to raise more than £5,500 in donations on GoFundMe. Another event in Sheffield raised money by holding a Iftar dinner with local councillors, MPs, and Somaliland community members on 3 May. Their GoFundMe raised just over £900.
United States
On the morning of 2 April, United States Ambassador to Somalia Larry Andre spoke with President Abdi on the phone, saying he was "relieved no one was seriously hurt". The United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs also offered their condolences to Somaliland, wishing "those injured recover". On 5 April, The Somali community in Minneapolis and 40 organizers came together to raise awareness and launch fundraisers including a GoFundMe for the people affected by the fire, according to organizer Abdirahman Kahin. The GoFundMe raised more than USD $16,700.
Other nations
Kenya, specifically Kenya's main opposition leader Raila Odinga and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, offered their condolences to Somaliland, with some Somalilander communities in Nairobi organizing a fundraiser towards reconstruction efforts. The European Union was the only other union to offer to aid Somaliland.
Former President of Kosovo Behgjet Pacolli said he was "saddened to see the destruction caused by the fire" and called on the international community to assist in the reconstruction efforts. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed responded to the fire by saying said he was "shocked and saddened" by the fire that had caused "incalculable losses". Ethiopia sent later in the day on 2 April a delegation including the Minister of Finance Ahmed Shide to the Somaliland presidential palace. United Nations, Djibouti, Qatar, and even Somali registered terrorist organization Al-Shabaab offered their condolences.
See also
Wikinews has related news:
Fire destroys central market in Somaliland's capital
2022 in Somaliland
Waheen Market
External links
Al Jazeera coverage of the market fire and footage Youtube.com
MM Somali TV footage of Waheen Market the morning of 2 April (In Somali) Youtube.com
Hargeisa Mayor Mooge tells reporters the fire has been extinguished (In Somali) Youtube.com
Somaliland President Abdi remarks on the market fire (In Somali) Youtube.com
References
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Somaliland says $2 billion lost in Hargeisa fire, appeals for help". somaliguardian.com. 3 April 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
^ a b c d Cavanough, Edward. "'I lost everything': Somaliland market fire upturns life, economy". aljazeera.com. Aljazeera. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
^ a b c d "Somaliland demands $2 billion appeal after market inferno". africanews.com. 7 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
^ "Horn of Africa Drought: Humanitarian Key Messages, 25 April 2022". reliefweb.int. OCHA. 25 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
^ a b c d e Sharon, Maombo. "Somaliland seeks support to rebuild Waheen market after fire". the-star.co.ke. The Star (Kenya). Retrieved 29 May 2022.
^ a b c d e "Hargeisa: Huge fire destroys market in Somali breakaway region". aljazeera.com. Aljazeera. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
^ a b c d e f Hassan, Mohamed Olad (2 April 2022). "Fire Sweeps Northern Somalia Market; 28 Injured". voanews.com. Voice of America. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
^ a b c d "Somaliland capital counts cost of devastating blaze". france24.com. France 24. 3 April 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
^ a b c d "Fire destroys Somaliland wholesale market". www.dw.com. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
^ a b "MOFA thanks Slovakian parliament for support". taipeitimes.com. Taipei Times. 28 April 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
^ a b Haughey, Lauren (7 April 2022). "Wales throws support behind Somaliland after blaze destroys market and injures dozens". walesonline.co.uk. Media Wales. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
^ a b Chen, Kelvin. "Taiwan provides financial, humanitarian aid to Somaliland following market blaze". taiwannews.com. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
^ "Somaliland Special Arrangement: Muxuu yahay hannaanka gaarka ah ee Somaliland deeqaha ku heli jirtay? (Somaliland Special Arrangement: What is Somaliland's special arrangement?)". BBC News Somali (in Somali). BBC. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
^ Marhnouj, Safiyah (29 April 2022). "Canada's Somaliland community calls for federal support after massive fire in Waheen Market". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
^ "Relieve Humanity International Calls on Canadians to Respond to the Somaliland Hargeisa Fire Catastrophe". finance.yahoo.com. Yahoo!. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
^ Phillips, Michael. "China Fumes as Somaliland Refuses to Unfriend Taiwan". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
^ "Taiwan pledges US$500,000 to help victims of Somaliland fire". focustaiwan.tw. 27 April 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
^ a b Wilkinson, Alex. "Sheffield Somaliland community raising funds following fire destroying thousands of businesses". thestar.co.uk. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
^ "UK Foreign Secretary Places Somaliland Hostage to AU, Somalia Discretion". somtribune.com. 10 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
^ Wilkinson, Alex. "Sheffield Somaliland community raising funds following fire destroying thousands of businesses". thestar.co.uk. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
^ Ansari, Hibah (5 April 2022). "Minnesota's Somali community is mobilizing to send aid to Somaliland after a massive fire broke out at a well-known market. The fire in Somaliland hit on the eve of Ramadan". sahanjournal.com. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
^ Biegon, Eric. "Kenya expresses solidarity with Somaliland following devastating inferno". kbc.co.ke. Kenya Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
^ Omer, Mohammed (24 April 2022). "Somalia: Somaliland Fire Leaves Traders Penniless and Market Destroyed". Thomson Reuters Foundation. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"9°33′47″N 44°04′12″E / 9.5631725°N 44.0699626°E / 9.5631725; 44.0699626","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Waheen_Market_fire¶ms=9.5631725_N_44.0699626_E_"},{"link_name":"Hargeisa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hargeisa"},{"link_name":"Somaliland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliland"},{"link_name":"USD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USD"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2B-1"},{"link_name":"GDP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDP"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lost-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Africa_News-3"}],"text":"Somaliland Market Fire9°33′47″N 44°04′12″E / 9.5631725°N 44.0699626°E / 9.5631725; 44.0699626The 2022 Waheen Market fire was a fire that took place in Hargeisa in the self-proclaimed nation of Somaliland on 1 April 2022. While there were no deaths, damages from the fire amounted to around USD $2 billion,[1] or 60% of Somaliland's GDP.[2][3]","title":"Waheen Market fire"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Horn of Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_of_Africa"},{"link_name":"droughts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drought"},{"link_name":"inflation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation"},{"link_name":"2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_Invasion_of_Ukraine"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Star-5"}],"text":"Somaliland, along with the whole of the Horn of Africa, had been suffering from one of the worst droughts in decades, with Somaliland recording its driest season in 40 years. This led to an already sensitive food situation in the nation, as well as a lack of other commodities. On top of the inflation that began following the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine, this disaster was especially devastating to the communities that relied on the market.[4][5]","title":"Lead up"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2B-1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hargeisa_Fire-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-VOA-7"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2B-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lost-2"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-France24-8"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lost-2"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-VOA-7"}],"text":"The market fire began on the evening of 1 April at around 8:10 PM[1] and was largely extinguished by the dawn of 2 April.[6] The fire started possibly due to an electrical fault in an old warehouse in the market according to eyewitnesses, where the fire was quickly picked up by winds helping it to spread across the market.[7] The fire took around 20 hours to extinguish,[1] but even after this, small plumes of smoke were still prevalent across the market.[2] Due to this, the clean-up operation would begin early 5 April, after allowing time for the traders to try to retrieve any property that survived.[8]While there were no deaths associated with the fire,[2] 28 people were injured. The majority of those injured had gone into the fire attempting to salvage goods from their burning stalls.[7]","title":"Fire"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dahabshiil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahabshiil"},{"link_name":"Abdirashid Duale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdirashid_Duale"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Star-5"},{"link_name":"Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdikarim_Ahmed_Mooge"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hargeisa_Fire-6"},{"link_name":"Muse Bihi Abdi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muse_Bihi_Abdi"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-VOA-7"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DW-9"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hargeisa_Fire-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-VOA-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-France24-8"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-VOA-7"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hargeisa_Fire-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-VOA-7"},{"link_name":"fire and rescue chief","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_chief"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-France24-8"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hargeisa_Fire-6"}],"text":"The site of the Waheen Market fire was visited most notably by Dahabshiil CEO Abdirashid Duale,[5] Hargeisa's Mayor Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge,[6] and Somaliland President Muse Bihi Abdi,[7] both on 2 April.[9] The Somaliland government released $1 million shortly after the fire was extinguished to help with emergency response,[6][7] and set up a five-member committee to lead the rescue operation and efforts to assist those affected.[8]According to Mayor Mooge, the fire could have been brought under control before causing such extensive damage, but the city's firefighters were hampered by access problems. With no proper streets and only narrow pathways crowded by locked stalls and traders trying to salvage their goods,[7] there was no easy way to get the firetrucks to where the blaze was.[6] The fire brigade in Hargeisa was also very small, only consisting of 28 firetrucks[7] with only 24 being used in the fire because of the access problems mentioned, according to Somaliland's fire and rescue chief Ahmed Mohamed Hassan.[8] \"The town has never witnessed such a massive calamity,\" Mayor Mooge told reporters at the scene.[6]","title":"Response"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"m²","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_meters"},{"link_name":"acres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acres"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DW-9"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Africa_News-3"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Taipei-10"},{"link_name":"migrant workers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrant_workers"},{"link_name":"East Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Africa"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DW-9"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Star-5"},{"link_name":"Ottoman architecture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_architecture"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lost-2"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-France24-8"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Africa_News-3"},{"link_name":"Middle East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East"},{"link_name":"China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China"},{"link_name":"Asia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia"},{"link_name":"Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Star-5"}],"text":"The fire destroyed an area of about 99,000 m² (about 24 acres), destroying an estimated 2,000[9] to 5,000 businesses,[3] affecting some 17,000 traders directly,[10] including many migrant workers from Somalia, Kenya, and other parts of East Africa.[9][5] Some historic buildings displaying Ottoman architecture were also destroyed in the blaze.[2] The damages totaled an estimated USD $1.5 billion to $2 billion,[8] or 60% of the nations GDP.[3] The market, also being an important trading hub with financial links to other parts of the world including the Middle East, China, Asia, and Europe, will likely cause long term economic damage to the nation as well.[5]","title":"Impact"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Waheen_Market_Fire_International_Support_Map.png"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2B-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Africa_News-3"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wales-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Taiwanaid-12"}],"text":"International support for Somaliland after the market fire, by country.On 3 April, Somaliland officials launched an international appeal for USD $2 billion to urgently deliver humanitarian support to the families and businesses affected by the fire.[1] $2 billion was chosen as the amount as that was the estimated loss caused by the fire.[3] In response to this call, multiple countries and cities from around the world showed their support by raising money[11] and donating humanitarian aid.[12]","title":"International support"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Somalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia"},{"link_name":"de jure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_jure"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Abdullahi_Mohamed"},{"link_name":"Mohamed Hussein Roble","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Hussein_Roble"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2B-1"}],"sub_title":"Somalia","text":"Somalia, being the de jure government over the region, offered to send $11.7 million to Hargeisa to help those who were affected by the fire. This caused debate among politicians and the affected families if they should accept money from the country Somaliland as a whole was trying to distance itself from.[13] President of Somalia Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed also said he spoke on the phone with President Abdi to discuss the extent of the devastation caused by the fire. The Somali Prime Minister Mohamed Hussein Roble and Somali opposition party leaders also offered their condolences to Somaliland.[1]","title":"International support"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Canadian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"},{"link_name":"Members of parliament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Members_of_parliament"},{"link_name":"Ottawa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"sub_title":"Canada","text":"Members of The Canadian Alliance to Rebuild Hargeisa Market, set up not long after the fire by members of Canada's Somaliland community, meet with Members of parliament in Ottawa to provide $10 million in aid toward rebuilding efforts, and to match funds raised by local community groups across Canada.[14] Canadian based relief organization Relieve Humanity International (RHI) also called on Canadians across the country to provide their support and raise awareness for those affected by the fire.[15]","title":"International support"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fei Shengchao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fei_Shengchao"},{"link_name":"Somaliland–Taiwan relations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliland%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"sub_title":"China","text":"The Chinese government originally wished to send their diplomat to Somalia Fei Shengchao to Hargeisa to discuss how China could potentially help mitigate the disaster, but further plans potentially saw lawmakers, opposition leaders, and university students attending the envoy as well. The government of Somaliland ultimately called off the diplomatic visit as they suspected that the ultimate motivation was to sabotage the growing Somaliland–Taiwan relations.[16]","title":"International support"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Taipei-10"},{"link_name":"NGOs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGO"},{"link_name":"NT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Taiwanaid-12"}],"sub_title":"Taiwan","text":"Taiwan donated twice with aid and funding exceeding USD $1 million. Taiwan first donated on 27 April, when Taiwan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs donated USD $500,000 to help relieve victims of the fire.[17][10] On 30 April, the Taiwanese government and two Taiwanese NGOs donated another USD $550,000 (NT $16.91 million) and containers of humanitarian supplies to those affected by the fire. The monetary and aid package was delivered to Somaliland authorities by an envoy headed by Allen Lou (羅震華).[12]","title":"International support"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Boris Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Johnson"},{"link_name":"Twitter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Sheffield-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Liz Truss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Truss"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2B-1"},{"link_name":"£","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%A3"},{"link_name":"Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales"},{"link_name":"GoFundMe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoFundMe"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wales-11"},{"link_name":"Sheffield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheffield"},{"link_name":"Iftar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iftar"},{"link_name":"MPs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_parliament"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"sub_title":"United Kingdom","text":"United Kingdom Prime Minister Boris Johnson addressed the fire and voiced his sympathy in a message on Twitter, saying also that the \"UK will do what we can to support Somaliland's rebuilding effort\".[18][19] UK Foreign Secretary Liz Truss also offered her condolences on Twitter, also saying that the \"UK is working with the authorities and international partners to seek to provide support\".[1] The main Somaliland-UK GoFundMe raised more than £10,800. Communities, particularly in Wales, also came together to raise more than £5,500 in donations on GoFundMe.[11] Another event in Sheffield raised money by holding a Iftar dinner with local councillors, MPs, and Somaliland community members on 3 May. Their GoFundMe raised just over £900.[20]","title":"International support"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"Larry Andre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Andre"},{"link_name":"United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2B-1"},{"link_name":"Minneapolis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"sub_title":"United States","text":"On the morning of 2 April, United States Ambassador to Somalia Larry Andre spoke with President Abdi on the phone, saying he was \"relieved no one was seriously hurt\". The United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs also offered their condolences to Somaliland, wishing \"those injured [a quick] recover[y]\".[1] On 5 April, The Somali community in Minneapolis and 40 organizers came together to raise awareness and launch fundraisers including a GoFundMe for the people affected by the fire, according to organizer Abdirahman Kahin. The GoFundMe raised more than USD $16,700.[21]","title":"International support"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kenya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya"},{"link_name":"Raila Odinga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raila_Odinga"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2B-1"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Nairobi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Star-5"},{"link_name":"European Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Sheffield-18"},{"link_name":"Kosovo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo"},{"link_name":"Behgjet Pacolli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behgjet_Pacolli"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2B-1"},{"link_name":"Ethiopian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia"},{"link_name":"Abiy Ahmed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DW-9"},{"link_name":"delegation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delegation"},{"link_name":"Ahmed Shide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Shide"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2B-1"},{"link_name":"United Nations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations"},{"link_name":"Djibouti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti"},{"link_name":"Qatar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar"},{"link_name":"Al-Shabaab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2B-1"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2B-1"}],"sub_title":"Other nations","text":"Kenya, specifically Kenya's main opposition leader Raila Odinga[1] and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, offered their condolences to Somaliland,[22] with some Somalilander communities in Nairobi organizing a fundraiser towards reconstruction efforts.[5] The European Union was the only other union to offer to aid Somaliland.[18]Former President of Kosovo Behgjet Pacolli said he was \"saddened to see the destruction caused by the fire\" and called on the international community to assist in the reconstruction efforts.[1] Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed responded to the fire by saying said he was \"shocked and saddened\" by the fire that had caused \"incalculable losses\".[9] Ethiopia sent later in the day on 2 April a delegation including the Minister of Finance Ahmed Shide to the Somaliland presidential palace.[1] United Nations, Djibouti, Qatar, and even Somali registered terrorist organization Al-Shabaab[1] offered their condolences.[23][1]","title":"International support"}]
|
[{"image_text":"International support for Somaliland after the market fire, by country.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Waheen_Market_Fire_International_Support_Map.png/220px-Waheen_Market_Fire_International_Support_Map.png"}]
|
[{"title":"Fire destroys central market in Somaliland's capital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikinews.org/wiki/Fire_destroys_central_market_in_Somaliland%27s_capital"},{"title":"2022 in Somaliland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_in_Somaliland"},{"title":"Waheen Market","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waheen_Market"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Somaliland says $2 billion lost in Hargeisa fire, appeals for help\". somaliguardian.com. 3 April 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://somaliguardian.com/news/somalia-news/somaliland-says-2-billion-lost-in-hargeisa-fire-appeals-for-help/","url_text":"\"Somaliland says $2 billion lost in Hargeisa fire, appeals for help\""}]},{"reference":"Cavanough, Edward. \"'I lost everything': Somaliland market fire upturns life, economy\". aljazeera.com. Aljazeera. Retrieved 26 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/4/26/i-lost-everything-somaliland-market-fire-upturns-life-economy","url_text":"\"'I lost everything': Somaliland market fire upturns life, economy\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English","url_text":"Aljazeera"}]},{"reference":"\"Somaliland demands $2 billion appeal after market inferno\". africanews.com. 7 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.africanews.com/2022/04/07/somaliland-demands-2-billion-appeal-after-market-inferno/","url_text":"\"Somaliland demands $2 billion appeal after market inferno\""}]},{"reference":"\"Horn of Africa Drought: Humanitarian Key Messages, 25 April 2022\". reliefweb.int. OCHA. 25 April 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/horn-africa-drought-humanitarian-key-messages-25-april-2022#:~:text=The%20Horn%20of%20Africa%20is,of%20food%2C%20water%20and%20pasture.","url_text":"\"Horn of Africa Drought: Humanitarian Key Messages, 25 April 2022\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCHA","url_text":"OCHA"}]},{"reference":"Sharon, Maombo. \"Somaliland seeks support to rebuild Waheen market after fire\". the-star.co.ke. The Star (Kenya). Retrieved 29 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.the-star.co.ke/business/2022-04-06-somaliland-seeks-support-to-rebuild-waheen-market-after-fire/","url_text":"\"Somaliland seeks support to rebuild Waheen market after fire\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Star_(Kenya)","url_text":"The Star (Kenya)"}]},{"reference":"\"Hargeisa: Huge fire destroys market in Somali breakaway region\". aljazeera.com. Aljazeera. Retrieved 4 April 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/2/somalia-huge-fire-destroys-hargeisa-market","url_text":"\"Hargeisa: Huge fire destroys market in Somali breakaway region\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English","url_text":"Aljazeera"}]},{"reference":"Hassan, Mohamed Olad (2 April 2022). \"Fire Sweeps Northern Somalia Market; 28 Injured\". voanews.com. Voice of America. Retrieved 29 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.voanews.com/a/fire-sweeps-northern-somalia-market/6512561.html","url_text":"\"Fire Sweeps Northern Somalia Market; 28 Injured\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_of_America","url_text":"Voice of America"}]},{"reference":"\"Somaliland capital counts cost of devastating blaze\". france24.com. France 24. 3 April 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220403-somaliland-capital-counts-cost-of-devastating-blaze","url_text":"\"Somaliland capital counts cost of devastating blaze\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_24","url_text":"France 24"}]},{"reference":"\"Fire destroys Somaliland wholesale market\". www.dw.com. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 29 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dw.com/en/fire-destroys-somaliland-wholesale-market/a-61342586","url_text":"\"Fire destroys Somaliland wholesale market\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Welle","url_text":"Deutsche Welle"}]},{"reference":"\"MOFA thanks Slovakian parliament for support\". taipeitimes.com. Taipei Times. 28 April 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2022/04/28/2003777362","url_text":"\"MOFA thanks Slovakian parliament for support\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei_Times","url_text":"Taipei Times"}]},{"reference":"Haughey, Lauren (7 April 2022). \"Wales throws support behind Somaliland after blaze destroys market and injures dozens\". walesonline.co.uk. Media Wales. Retrieved 30 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/somaliland-hargeisa-waheen-market-fire-23619270","url_text":"\"Wales throws support behind Somaliland after blaze destroys market and injures dozens\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Wales","url_text":"Media Wales"}]},{"reference":"Chen, Kelvin. \"Taiwan provides financial, humanitarian aid to Somaliland following market blaze\". taiwannews.com. Retrieved 1 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4524603","url_text":"\"Taiwan provides financial, humanitarian aid to Somaliland following market blaze\""}]},{"reference":"\"Somaliland Special Arrangement: Muxuu yahay hannaanka gaarka ah ee Somaliland deeqaha ku heli jirtay? (Somaliland Special Arrangement: What is Somaliland's special arrangement?)\". BBC News Somali (in Somali). BBC. Retrieved 5 April 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-60986365","url_text":"\"Somaliland Special Arrangement: Muxuu yahay hannaanka gaarka ah ee Somaliland deeqaha ku heli jirtay? (Somaliland Special Arrangement: What is Somaliland's special arrangement?)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC","url_text":"BBC"}]},{"reference":"Marhnouj, Safiyah (29 April 2022). \"Canada's Somaliland community calls for federal support after massive fire in Waheen Market\". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 29 April 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-canadas-somaliland-community-meet-with-mps-urge-federal-support-after/","url_text":"\"Canada's Somaliland community calls for federal support after massive fire in Waheen Market\""}]},{"reference":"\"Relieve Humanity International Calls on Canadians to Respond to the Somaliland Hargeisa Fire Catastrophe\". finance.yahoo.com. Yahoo!. Retrieved 30 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/relieve-humanity-international-calls-canadians-120000110.html","url_text":"\"Relieve Humanity International Calls on Canadians to Respond to the Somaliland Hargeisa Fire Catastrophe\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!","url_text":"Yahoo!"}]},{"reference":"Phillips, Michael. \"China Fumes as Somaliland Refuses to Unfriend Taiwan\". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 11 August 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-fumes-as-somaliland-refuses-to-unfriend-taiwan-11660213603","url_text":"\"China Fumes as Somaliland Refuses to Unfriend Taiwan\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal","url_text":"Wall Street Journal"}]},{"reference":"\"Taiwan pledges US$500,000 to help victims of Somaliland fire\". focustaiwan.tw. 27 April 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202204270012","url_text":"\"Taiwan pledges US$500,000 to help victims of Somaliland fire\""}]},{"reference":"Wilkinson, Alex. \"Sheffield Somaliland community raising funds following fire destroying thousands of businesses\". thestar.co.uk. Retrieved 30 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/people/sheffield-somaliland-community-raising-funds-following-fire-destroying-thousands-of-businesses-3678497","url_text":"\"Sheffield Somaliland community raising funds following fire destroying thousands of businesses\""}]},{"reference":"\"UK Foreign Secretary Places Somaliland Hostage to AU, Somalia Discretion\". somtribune.com. 10 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.somtribune.com/2022/06/10/uk-foreign-secretary-places-somaliland-hostage-to-au-somalia-discretion/","url_text":"\"UK Foreign Secretary Places Somaliland Hostage to AU, Somalia Discretion\""}]},{"reference":"Wilkinson, Alex. \"Sheffield Somaliland community raising funds following fire destroying thousands of businesses\". thestar.co.uk. Retrieved 30 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/people/sheffield-somaliland-community-raising-funds-following-fire-destroying-thousands-of-businesses-3678497","url_text":"\"Sheffield Somaliland community raising funds following fire destroying thousands of businesses\""}]},{"reference":"Ansari, Hibah (5 April 2022). \"Minnesota's Somali community is mobilizing to send aid to Somaliland after a massive fire broke out at a well-known market. The fire in Somaliland hit on the eve of Ramadan\". sahanjournal.com. Retrieved 21 April 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://sahanjournal.com/culture-community/hargeisa-somaliland-somalia-minneapolis/","url_text":"\"Minnesota's Somali community is mobilizing to send aid to Somaliland after a massive fire broke out at a well-known market. The fire in Somaliland hit on the eve of Ramadan\""}]},{"reference":"Biegon, Eric. \"Kenya expresses solidarity with Somaliland following devastating inferno\". kbc.co.ke. Kenya Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 30 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.kbc.co.ke/kenya-expresses-solidarity-with-somaliland-following-devastating-inferno/","url_text":"\"Kenya expresses solidarity with Somaliland following devastating inferno\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation","url_text":"Kenya Broadcasting Corporation"}]},{"reference":"Omer, Mohammed (24 April 2022). \"Somalia: Somaliland Fire Leaves Traders Penniless and Market Destroyed\". Thomson Reuters Foundation. Retrieved 30 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://allafrica.com/stories/202204240164.html","url_text":"\"Somalia: Somaliland Fire Leaves Traders Penniless and Market Destroyed\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Waheen_Market_fire¶ms=9.5631725_N_44.0699626_E_","external_links_name":"9°33′47″N 44°04′12″E / 9.5631725°N 44.0699626°E / 9.5631725; 44.0699626"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Waheen_Market_fire¶ms=9.5631725_N_44.0699626_E_","external_links_name":"9°33′47″N 44°04′12″E / 9.5631725°N 44.0699626°E / 9.5631725; 44.0699626"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Waheen_Market_fire¶ms=9.5631725_N_44.0699626_E_","external_links_name":"9°33′47″N 44°04′12″E / 9.5631725°N 44.0699626°E / 9.5631725; 44.0699626"},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5w43QYoVAH8","external_links_name":"Al Jazeera coverage of the market fire and footage"},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lt83Dnbt1OY","external_links_name":"MM Somali TV footage of Waheen Market the morning of 2 April (In Somali)"},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5TLwqSg6Is&t=4s","external_links_name":"Hargeisa Mayor Mooge tells reporters the fire has been extinguished (In Somali)"},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uj7LL6NVSZM","external_links_name":"Somaliland President Abdi remarks on the market fire (In Somali)"},{"Link":"https://somaliguardian.com/news/somalia-news/somaliland-says-2-billion-lost-in-hargeisa-fire-appeals-for-help/","external_links_name":"\"Somaliland says $2 billion lost in Hargeisa fire, appeals for help\""},{"Link":"https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/4/26/i-lost-everything-somaliland-market-fire-upturns-life-economy","external_links_name":"\"'I lost everything': Somaliland market fire upturns life, economy\""},{"Link":"https://www.africanews.com/2022/04/07/somaliland-demands-2-billion-appeal-after-market-inferno/","external_links_name":"\"Somaliland demands $2 billion appeal after market inferno\""},{"Link":"https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/horn-africa-drought-humanitarian-key-messages-25-april-2022#:~:text=The%20Horn%20of%20Africa%20is,of%20food%2C%20water%20and%20pasture.","external_links_name":"\"Horn of Africa Drought: Humanitarian Key Messages, 25 April 2022\""},{"Link":"https://www.the-star.co.ke/business/2022-04-06-somaliland-seeks-support-to-rebuild-waheen-market-after-fire/","external_links_name":"\"Somaliland seeks support to rebuild Waheen market after fire\""},{"Link":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/2/somalia-huge-fire-destroys-hargeisa-market","external_links_name":"\"Hargeisa: Huge fire destroys market in Somali breakaway region\""},{"Link":"https://www.voanews.com/a/fire-sweeps-northern-somalia-market/6512561.html","external_links_name":"\"Fire Sweeps Northern Somalia Market; 28 Injured\""},{"Link":"https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220403-somaliland-capital-counts-cost-of-devastating-blaze","external_links_name":"\"Somaliland capital counts cost of devastating blaze\""},{"Link":"https://www.dw.com/en/fire-destroys-somaliland-wholesale-market/a-61342586","external_links_name":"\"Fire destroys Somaliland wholesale market\""},{"Link":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2022/04/28/2003777362","external_links_name":"\"MOFA thanks Slovakian parliament for support\""},{"Link":"https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/somaliland-hargeisa-waheen-market-fire-23619270","external_links_name":"\"Wales throws support behind Somaliland after blaze destroys market and injures dozens\""},{"Link":"https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4524603","external_links_name":"\"Taiwan provides financial, humanitarian aid to Somaliland following market blaze\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-60986365","external_links_name":"\"Somaliland Special Arrangement: Muxuu yahay hannaanka gaarka ah ee Somaliland deeqaha ku heli jirtay? (Somaliland Special Arrangement: What is Somaliland's special arrangement?)\""},{"Link":"https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-canadas-somaliland-community-meet-with-mps-urge-federal-support-after/","external_links_name":"\"Canada's Somaliland community calls for federal support after massive fire in Waheen Market\""},{"Link":"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/relieve-humanity-international-calls-canadians-120000110.html","external_links_name":"\"Relieve Humanity International Calls on Canadians to Respond to the Somaliland Hargeisa Fire Catastrophe\""},{"Link":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-fumes-as-somaliland-refuses-to-unfriend-taiwan-11660213603","external_links_name":"\"China Fumes as Somaliland Refuses to Unfriend Taiwan\""},{"Link":"https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202204270012","external_links_name":"\"Taiwan pledges US$500,000 to help victims of Somaliland fire\""},{"Link":"https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/people/sheffield-somaliland-community-raising-funds-following-fire-destroying-thousands-of-businesses-3678497","external_links_name":"\"Sheffield Somaliland community raising funds following fire destroying thousands of businesses\""},{"Link":"https://www.somtribune.com/2022/06/10/uk-foreign-secretary-places-somaliland-hostage-to-au-somalia-discretion/","external_links_name":"\"UK Foreign Secretary Places Somaliland Hostage to AU, Somalia Discretion\""},{"Link":"https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/people/sheffield-somaliland-community-raising-funds-following-fire-destroying-thousands-of-businesses-3678497","external_links_name":"\"Sheffield Somaliland community raising funds following fire destroying thousands of businesses\""},{"Link":"https://sahanjournal.com/culture-community/hargeisa-somaliland-somalia-minneapolis/","external_links_name":"\"Minnesota's Somali community is mobilizing to send aid to Somaliland after a massive fire broke out at a well-known market. The fire in Somaliland hit on the eve of Ramadan\""},{"Link":"https://www.kbc.co.ke/kenya-expresses-solidarity-with-somaliland-following-devastating-inferno/","external_links_name":"\"Kenya expresses solidarity with Somaliland following devastating inferno\""},{"Link":"https://allafrica.com/stories/202204240164.html","external_links_name":"\"Somalia: Somaliland Fire Leaves Traders Penniless and Market Destroyed\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_Flynn
|
Shannon Flynn
|
["1 Career","2 Filmography","2.1 Television","2.2 Radio","2.3 Theatre","3 References","4 External links"]
|
British actress
For the American television director, see Shannon Flynn (director).
Shannon Flynn (born 22 August 1996) is an English actress and presenter from Rochdale, Greater Manchester, who is best known for appearing in Friday Download as well as Emily James in the BBC school-based drama, Waterloo Road., and had starred in its film, Up All Night. From 2013–2015, Flynn starred in the CBBC children's show, Dani's Castle.
Since 2022 Flynn stopped acting and moved to Melbourne, Australia.
Shannon FlynnBorn (1996-08-22) 22 August 1996 (age 27)Rochdale, Greater ManchesterOccupation(s)Actress and presenterYears active2008–presentKnown forWaterloo Road (2009–2012)Dani's Castle (2013–2015)Coronation Street (2016)Height5’2 (1.57 m)
Career
Flynn's acting career began in 2008 with some small roles in theatre productions. In 2009, she joined the cast of the BBC One drama Waterloo Road as Emily James alongside Jenna-Louise Coleman.
In 2012, she was cast in the CBBC children's television programme Dani's Castle alongside Dani Harmer. The show began airing in 2013 and a second series began airing in 2014. The show was renewed for a third series which was filmed in 2014 and began airing on 7 July 2015.
In 2012, she made her first appearance on the CBBC children's entertainment show Friday Download as a guest presenter, and in 2013 she joined the main presenting team. In 2014, she was cast in the Friday Download movie Up All Night. Filming began on 6 September 2014. Up All Night will be released on 22 May 2015.
On 14 April 2015, Flynn announced that she would not be returning for the ninth series of Friday Download.
On 4 March 2016, Flynn began playing Lauren, the bully of Bethany Platt (Lucy Fallon) in the long-running ITV soap opera, Coronation Street. Her final appearance as Lauren was broadcast on 30 September 2016.
Filmography
Television
Years
Title
Role
Notes
Ref(s)
2009–2012
Waterloo Road
Emily James
Regular role
2011
Holby City
Beatrice "Bean" Fisher
Guest role
Scott & Bailey
Elise Scott
Regular role
Shameless
Grace
Guest role
2012
Doctors
Cleo Hardey
Guest role
Friday Download
Herself
Guest presenter
2013
Hacker Time
Herself
Guest
2013–2015
Friday Download
Herself
Presenter
Dani's Castle
Kait / Roxy
Began playing Roxy in Series 2
2016
Coronation Street
Lauren
Recurring role; 14 episodes
2017
Doctors
Myra
Guest Role
2018
Radio 1 Stories
Steph
Guest Role
2019
Flatmates
Kelly
Episode 3
Radio
Date
Title
Role
Station
Ref(s)
2010
Lilo
Simone
BBC Radio 4
Sherbet Dolls
Olivia
BBC Radio 4
2011
Lost Property: The Year My Mother Went Missing
Ruthie
BBC Radio 4 Afternoon Play
Betsy Coleman
Young Betsy
BBC Radio 4
Raft To Bondi
Carol
BBC Radio 4
2012
Mad Girl
Rose
BBC Radio 4
Theatre
Years
Title
Role
Theater
!Ref(s)
2008
Macbeth
Weird Sister
Manchester Royal Exchange
Babes In The Wood
Jill
Gracie Fields Theatre
2009
Annie
Annie
Gracie Fields Theatre
2018–2019
Cinderella
Cinderella
Palace Theatre and Opera House
2019–2020
Cinderella
Cinderella
Buxton Opera House
References
^ "Shannon Flynn CV". Amber Ltd. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
^ a b "ScreenTerrier: Waterloo Road new faces Part 1". screenterrier.blogspot.co.uk. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
^ "Up All Night - Film - British Comedy Guide". British Comedy Guide. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
^ "Dani's Castle - CBBC Sitcom - British Comedy Guide". British Comedy Guide. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
^ https://www.instagram.com/p/CcPbAn1vXVp/?img_index=1
^ "Dani's House becomes a Castle for CBBC spin-off". Broadcastnow. 5 July 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
^ a b "Shannon Flynn on Twitter". 14 April 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
^ "CBBC's Friday Download heads to the big screen". 5 September 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
^ "Shannon Flynn on Twitter". 14 April 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
^ "Series 5 - Episode 1 of 20". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Waterloo Road Ep. 29/30 -". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Blue Valentine - Series 13 - Episode 18 of 52". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Scott & Bailey - S1 - Episode 4". Radio Times. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Dancing Queen". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Dani's Castle - Ep. 1/13". BBC Media Centre. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ Fitzpatrick, Katie (30 August 2016). "Coronation Street spoilers: bully Lauren gets her comeuppance when she meets David". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ Kilkelly, Daniel (26 August 2016). "Pic of the Day: Corrie's Gary confronts Bethany's bully". Digital Spy. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Displacement". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Restorative Justice: Meeting The Bogeyman". BBC. 24 May 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ Flynn, Shannon (6 August 2019). ""You can catch me guest starring as feisty Kelly in ep 3 of new bbc comedy series #Flatmates streaming on iplayer now!"". Twitter. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Swiping Up". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Lilo". BBC. 17 June 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Sherbet Dolls - Episode 1". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Katie Hims - Lost Property - The Year My Mother Went Missing". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Betsy Coleman". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Raft to Bondi". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Afternoon Drama: Mad Girl". BBC Media Centre. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Shannon's all set for a taste of the dark side". Manchester Evening News. 6 March 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Murder comes thick and fast". oldham-chronicle.co.uk. 3 March 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Theatre review: Macbeth at Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester". British Theatre Guide. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ "Cinderella review, Opera House, Manchester, 2018". The Stage. 19 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ Eagleton, Michelle (13 December 2018). "Review: Cinderella at the Opera House". Manchester’s Finest. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ Wakefield, Andrew (6 January 2020). "REVIEW: Opera House panto Cinderella was a real triumph". www.buxtonadvertiser.co.uk. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ Francis, Jen (26 April 2019). "Cinderella Pantomime at Buxton Opera House - Review". Explore Buxton. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
External links
Shannon Flynn (III) at IMDb
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Shannon Flynn (director)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_Flynn_(director)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Rochdale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale"},{"link_name":"Greater Manchester","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Manchester"},{"link_name":"Friday Download","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friday_Download"},{"link_name":"BBC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC"},{"link_name":"Waterloo Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterloo_Road_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-waterlooroad-2"},{"link_name":"Up All Night","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_All_Night_(2015_film)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"CBBC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBBC"},{"link_name":"Dani's Castle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dani%27s_Castle"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"For the American television director, see Shannon Flynn (director).Shannon Flynn (born 22 August 1996)[1] is an English actress and presenter from Rochdale, Greater Manchester, who is best known for appearing in Friday Download as well as Emily James in the BBC school-based drama, Waterloo Road.[2], and had starred in its film, Up All Night.[3] From 2013–2015, Flynn starred in the CBBC children's show, Dani's Castle.[4]Since 2022 Flynn stopped acting and moved to Melbourne, Australia. [5]","title":"Shannon Flynn"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"BBC One","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_One"},{"link_name":"Waterloo Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterloo_Road_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Jenna-Louise Coleman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenna_Coleman"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-waterlooroad-2"},{"link_name":"Dani's Castle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dani%27s_Castle"},{"link_name":"Dani Harmer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dani_Harmer"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-7"},{"link_name":"Friday Download","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friday_Download"},{"link_name":"Up All Night","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_All_Night_(2015_film)"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-7"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Lauren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Coronation_Street_characters_(2016)#Lauren"},{"link_name":"Bethany Platt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethany_Platt"},{"link_name":"Lucy Fallon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Fallon"},{"link_name":"ITV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_(network)"},{"link_name":"soap opera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap_opera"},{"link_name":"Coronation Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_Street"}],"text":"Flynn's acting career began in 2008 with some small roles in theatre productions. In 2009, she joined the cast of the BBC One drama Waterloo Road as Emily James alongside Jenna-Louise Coleman.[2]In 2012, she was cast in the CBBC children's television programme Dani's Castle alongside Dani Harmer.[6] The show began airing in 2013 and a second series began airing in 2014. The show was renewed for a third series which was filmed in 2014 and began airing on 7 July 2015.[7]In 2012, she made her first appearance on the CBBC children's entertainment show Friday Download as a guest presenter, and in 2013 she joined the main presenting team. In 2014, she was cast in the Friday Download movie Up All Night.[8] Filming began on 6 September 2014. Up All Night will be released on 22 May 2015.[7]On 14 April 2015, Flynn announced that she would not be returning for the ninth series of Friday Download.[9]On 4 March 2016, Flynn began playing Lauren, the bully of Bethany Platt (Lucy Fallon) in the long-running ITV soap opera, Coronation Street. Her final appearance as Lauren was broadcast on 30 September 2016.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Television","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Radio","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Theatre","title":"Filmography"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Shannon Flynn CV\". Amber Ltd. Retrieved 5 May 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://amberltd.co.uk/?client=shannon-flynn","url_text":"\"Shannon Flynn CV\""}]},{"reference":"\"ScreenTerrier: Waterloo Road new faces Part 1\". screenterrier.blogspot.co.uk. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://screenterrier.blogspot.co.uk/2009/10/waterloo-road-new-faces-part-1.html","url_text":"\"ScreenTerrier: Waterloo Road new faces Part 1\""}]},{"reference":"\"Up All Night - Film - British Comedy Guide\". British Comedy Guide. Retrieved 14 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.comedy.co.uk/guide/film/up_all_night","url_text":"\"Up All Night - Film - British Comedy Guide\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Comedy_Guide","url_text":"British Comedy Guide"}]},{"reference":"\"Dani's Castle - CBBC Sitcom - British Comedy Guide\". British Comedy Guide. Retrieved 14 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.comedy.co.uk/guide/tv/danis_castle","url_text":"\"Dani's Castle - CBBC Sitcom - British Comedy Guide\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Comedy_Guide","url_text":"British Comedy Guide"}]},{"reference":"\"Dani's House becomes a Castle for CBBC spin-off\". Broadcastnow. 5 July 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/danis-house-becomes-a-castle-for-cbbc-spin-off/5044054.article","url_text":"\"Dani's House becomes a Castle for CBBC spin-off\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcastnow","url_text":"Broadcastnow"}]},{"reference":"\"Shannon Flynn on Twitter\". 14 April 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://twitter.com/ShannonFlynn22/status/587750335608971265","url_text":"\"Shannon Flynn on Twitter\""}]},{"reference":"\"CBBC's Friday Download heads to the big screen\". 5 September 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/29079331","url_text":"\"CBBC's Friday Download heads to the big screen\""}]},{"reference":"\"Shannon Flynn on Twitter\". 14 April 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://twitter.com/ShannonFlynn22/status/587749935103225856","url_text":"\"Shannon Flynn on Twitter\""}]},{"reference":"\"Series 5 - Episode 1 of 20\". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00nmv3h","url_text":"\"Series 5 - Episode 1 of 20\""}]},{"reference":"\"Waterloo Road Ep. 29/30 -\". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2012/16/waterloo-road","url_text":"\"Waterloo Road Ep. 29/30 -\""}]},{"reference":"\"Blue Valentine - Series 13 - Episode 18 of 52\". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00yrktj","url_text":"\"Blue Valentine - Series 13 - Episode 18 of 52\""}]},{"reference":"\"Scott & Bailey - S1 - Episode 4\". Radio Times. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.radiotimes.com/tv-programme/e/cs9z9/scott--bailey--series-1-episode-4/","url_text":"\"Scott & Bailey - S1 - Episode 4\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dancing Queen\". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01g4gvw","url_text":"\"Dancing Queen\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dani's Castle - Ep. 1/13\". BBC Media Centre. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2013/03/danis-castle","url_text":"\"Dani's Castle - Ep. 1/13\""}]},{"reference":"Fitzpatrick, Katie (30 August 2016). \"Coronation Street spoilers: bully Lauren gets her comeuppance when she meets David\". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/tv/coronation-street-david-platt-bully-11820687","url_text":"\"Coronation Street spoilers: bully Lauren gets her comeuppance when she meets David\""}]},{"reference":"Kilkelly, Daniel (26 August 2016). \"Pic of the Day: Corrie's Gary confronts Bethany's bully\". Digital Spy. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/coronation-street/a805887/coronation-street-spoilers-gary-windass-confronts-bethanys-bully/","url_text":"\"Pic of the Day: Corrie's Gary confronts Bethany's bully\""}]},{"reference":"\"Displacement\". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b09cz1vj","url_text":"\"Displacement\""}]},{"reference":"\"Restorative Justice: Meeting The Bogeyman\". BBC. 24 May 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0675h7z","url_text":"\"Restorative Justice: Meeting The Bogeyman\""}]},{"reference":"Flynn, Shannon (6 August 2019). \"\"You can catch me guest starring as feisty Kelly in ep 3 of new bbc comedy series #Flatmates streaming on iplayer now!\"\". Twitter. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://twitter.com/ShannonFlynn22/status/1158772830949040128","url_text":"\"\"You can catch me guest starring as feisty Kelly in ep 3 of new bbc comedy series #Flatmates streaming on iplayer now!\"\""}]},{"reference":"\"Swiping Up\". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p07jhb11","url_text":"\"Swiping Up\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lilo\". BBC. 17 June 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b011vjhh","url_text":"\"Lilo\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sherbet Dolls - Episode 1\". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b010fn7d","url_text":"\"Sherbet Dolls - Episode 1\""}]},{"reference":"\"Katie Hims - Lost Property - The Year My Mother Went Missing\". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b010xzzm","url_text":"\"Katie Hims - Lost Property - The Year My Mother Went Missing\""}]},{"reference":"\"Betsy Coleman\". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00sxj28","url_text":"\"Betsy Coleman\""}]},{"reference":"\"Raft to Bondi\". BBC. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00qgyyl","url_text":"\"Raft to Bondi\""}]},{"reference":"\"Afternoon Drama: Mad Girl\". BBC Media Centre. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/proginfo/2012/46/week-46-afternoon-drama","url_text":"\"Afternoon Drama: Mad Girl\""}]},{"reference":"\"Shannon's all set for a taste of the dark side\". Manchester Evening News. 6 March 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/local-news/shannons-all-set-for-a-taste-of-the-dark-side-912657","url_text":"\"Shannon's all set for a taste of the dark side\""}]},{"reference":"\"Murder comes thick and fast\". oldham-chronicle.co.uk. 3 March 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/14/reviews-news/20868/murder-comes-thick-and-fast","url_text":"\"Murder comes thick and fast\""}]},{"reference":"\"Theatre review: Macbeth at Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester\". British Theatre Guide. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.britishtheatreguide.info/reviews/RExmacbeth-rev","url_text":"\"Theatre review: Macbeth at Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester\""}]},{"reference":"\"Cinderella review, Opera House, Manchester, 2018\". The Stage. 19 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/cinderella-review-at-manchester-opera-house--comic-shenanigans","url_text":"\"Cinderella review, Opera House, Manchester, 2018\""}]},{"reference":"Eagleton, Michelle (13 December 2018). \"Review: Cinderella at the Opera House\". Manchester’s Finest. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.manchestersfinest.com/arts-and-culture/review-cinderella-opera-house/","url_text":"\"Review: Cinderella at the Opera House\""}]},{"reference":"Wakefield, Andrew (6 January 2020). \"REVIEW: Opera House panto Cinderella was a real triumph\". www.buxtonadvertiser.co.uk. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.buxtonadvertiser.co.uk/news/review-opera-house-panto-cinderella-was-real-triumph-1356173","url_text":"\"REVIEW: Opera House panto Cinderella was a real triumph\""}]},{"reference":"Francis, Jen (26 April 2019). \"Cinderella Pantomime at Buxton Opera House - Review\". Explore Buxton. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://explorebuxton.co.uk/cinderella-buxton-opera-house/","url_text":"\"Cinderella Pantomime at Buxton Opera House - Review\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://amberltd.co.uk/?client=shannon-flynn","external_links_name":"\"Shannon Flynn CV\""},{"Link":"http://screenterrier.blogspot.co.uk/2009/10/waterloo-road-new-faces-part-1.html","external_links_name":"\"ScreenTerrier: Waterloo Road new faces Part 1\""},{"Link":"https://www.comedy.co.uk/guide/film/up_all_night","external_links_name":"\"Up All Night - Film - British Comedy Guide\""},{"Link":"https://www.comedy.co.uk/guide/tv/danis_castle","external_links_name":"\"Dani's Castle - CBBC Sitcom - British Comedy Guide\""},{"Link":"https://www.instagram.com/p/CcPbAn1vXVp/?img_index=1","external_links_name":"https://www.instagram.com/p/CcPbAn1vXVp/?img_index=1"},{"Link":"http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/danis-house-becomes-a-castle-for-cbbc-spin-off/5044054.article","external_links_name":"\"Dani's House becomes a Castle for CBBC spin-off\""},{"Link":"https://twitter.com/ShannonFlynn22/status/587750335608971265","external_links_name":"\"Shannon Flynn on Twitter\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/29079331","external_links_name":"\"CBBC's Friday Download heads to the big screen\""},{"Link":"https://twitter.com/ShannonFlynn22/status/587749935103225856","external_links_name":"\"Shannon Flynn on Twitter\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00nmv3h","external_links_name":"\"Series 5 - Episode 1 of 20\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2012/16/waterloo-road","external_links_name":"\"Waterloo Road Ep. 29/30 -\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00yrktj","external_links_name":"\"Blue Valentine - Series 13 - Episode 18 of 52\""},{"Link":"https://www.radiotimes.com/tv-programme/e/cs9z9/scott--bailey--series-1-episode-4/","external_links_name":"\"Scott & Bailey - S1 - Episode 4\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01g4gvw","external_links_name":"\"Dancing Queen\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2013/03/danis-castle","external_links_name":"\"Dani's Castle - Ep. 1/13\""},{"Link":"https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/tv/coronation-street-david-platt-bully-11820687","external_links_name":"\"Coronation Street spoilers: bully Lauren gets her comeuppance when she meets David\""},{"Link":"https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/coronation-street/a805887/coronation-street-spoilers-gary-windass-confronts-bethanys-bully/","external_links_name":"\"Pic of the Day: Corrie's Gary confronts Bethany's bully\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b09cz1vj","external_links_name":"\"Displacement\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0675h7z","external_links_name":"\"Restorative Justice: Meeting The Bogeyman\""},{"Link":"https://twitter.com/ShannonFlynn22/status/1158772830949040128","external_links_name":"\"\"You can catch me guest starring as feisty Kelly in ep 3 of new bbc comedy series #Flatmates streaming on iplayer now!\"\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p07jhb11","external_links_name":"\"Swiping Up\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b011vjhh","external_links_name":"\"Lilo\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b010fn7d","external_links_name":"\"Sherbet Dolls - Episode 1\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b010xzzm","external_links_name":"\"Katie Hims - Lost Property - The Year My Mother Went Missing\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00sxj28","external_links_name":"\"Betsy Coleman\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00qgyyl","external_links_name":"\"Raft to Bondi\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/proginfo/2012/46/week-46-afternoon-drama","external_links_name":"\"Afternoon Drama: Mad Girl\""},{"Link":"https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/local-news/shannons-all-set-for-a-taste-of-the-dark-side-912657","external_links_name":"\"Shannon's all set for a taste of the dark side\""},{"Link":"http://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/14/reviews-news/20868/murder-comes-thick-and-fast","external_links_name":"\"Murder comes thick and fast\""},{"Link":"https://www.britishtheatreguide.info/reviews/RExmacbeth-rev","external_links_name":"\"Theatre review: Macbeth at Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester\""},{"Link":"https://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/cinderella-review-at-manchester-opera-house--comic-shenanigans","external_links_name":"\"Cinderella review, Opera House, Manchester, 2018\""},{"Link":"https://www.manchestersfinest.com/arts-and-culture/review-cinderella-opera-house/","external_links_name":"\"Review: Cinderella at the Opera House\""},{"Link":"https://www.buxtonadvertiser.co.uk/news/review-opera-house-panto-cinderella-was-real-triumph-1356173","external_links_name":"\"REVIEW: Opera House panto Cinderella was a real triumph\""},{"Link":"https://explorebuxton.co.uk/cinderella-buxton-opera-house/","external_links_name":"\"Cinderella Pantomime at Buxton Opera House - Review\""},{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3700052/","external_links_name":"Shannon Flynn (III)"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Westling
|
Georg Westling
|
["1 References","2 External links"]
|
Finnish sailor
Georg Westling
Medal record
Sailing
Representing Finland
Olympic Games
1912 Stockholm
8 metre class
Georg Westling (August 24, 1879 – November 14, 1930) was a Finnish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the Finnish boat Lucky Girl, which won the bronze medal in the 8 metre class.
References
^ "Georg Westling". Olympedia. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
External links
Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Georg Westling". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 2020-04-17.
This article about a Finnish Olympic medalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This biographical article related to yacht racing in Finland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Finnish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland"},{"link_name":"sailor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailor"},{"link_name":"1912 Summer Olympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Georg Westling (August 24, 1879 – November 14, 1930) was a Finnish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the Finnish boat Lucky Girl, which won the bronze medal in the 8 metre class.[1]","title":"Georg Westling"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Georg Westling\". Olympedia. Retrieved 30 May 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/64142","url_text":"\"Georg Westling\""}]},{"reference":"Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. \"Georg Westling\". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 2020-04-17.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mallon","url_text":"Mallon, Bill"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200417181430/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/we/georg-westling-1.html","url_text":"\"Georg Westling\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_Reference","url_text":"Sports Reference LLC"},{"url":"https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/we/georg-westling-1.html","url_text":"the original"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/64142","external_links_name":"\"Georg Westling\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200417181430/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/we/georg-westling-1.html","external_links_name":"\"Georg Westling\""},{"Link":"https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/we/georg-westling-1.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georg_Westling&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georg_Westling&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_franchise
|
Universal suffrage
|
["1 History","1.1 In more detail","2 Women's suffrage","3 Youth suffrage","4 Non-citizen suffrage","5 Dates by country","6 See also","7 Notes","8 References","9 Further reading","10 External links"]
|
The right of every person to an equal say in politics
Part of the Politics seriesElections
Basic types
By-election
Corporate
Direct / Indirect
Fixed-term
General
Local
Mid-term
Plurality
Primary
Proportional
Recall
Snap
Sortition
Two-round system
Terminology
Anonymous elector
Apportionment
Audits
Competition
Boundary delimitation
Crossover voting
Electoral college
Election law
Election silence
Gerrymandering
Initiative
Psephology
Secret ballot
Suffrage
Right to stand for election
Subseries
Political party
Voting
Electoral systems
Lists
Elections by country
Close elections
Most recent
Next general elections
National and local elections in 2024
Related
Election security
Electoral fraud
Referendum (by country)
Electoral reform
Election science
Politics portalvte
Part of a series onUniversalism
Philosophical
Moral universalism
Universal value
Universality
Universalizability
Economic and societal
Cultural universal
Universal basic income
Universal basic services
Universal design
Universal health care
Universal suffrage
Christian
Beliefs
Apocatastasis
Theosis
Trinitarian universalism
Universal reconciliation
Churches and groups
Unitarian Universalism
International Council ofUnitarians and Universalists
Primitive Baptist Universalists
Universalist Church of America
Other
History
Unlimited atonement
Other religions
Baháʼí Faith
Brahmoism
Hinduism (Neo-Vedanta)
Sufism
Universalism and the Latter Day Saint movement
Spiritual
Mysticism
Nondualism
Perennialism
Theosophy
Categoryvte
Universal suffrage or universal franchise ensures the right to vote for as many people bound by a government's laws as possible, as supported by the "one person, one vote" principle. For many, the term universal suffrage assumes the exclusion of the young and non-citizens (among others). At the same time, some insist that more inclusion is needed before suffrage can be truly universal. Democratic theorists, especially those hoping to achieve more universal suffrage, support presumptive inclusion, where the legal system would protect the voting rights of all subjects unless the government can clearly prove that disenfranchisement is necessary. Universal full suffrage includes both the right to vote, also called active suffrage, and the right to be elected, also called passive suffrage.
History
Voting is an important part of the formal democratic process.
The European Parliament is the only international organ elected with universal suffrage (since 1979).
In the first modern democracies, governments restricted the vote to those with property and wealth, which almost always meant a minority of the male population. In some jurisdictions, other restrictions existed, such as requiring voters to practice a given religion. In all modern democracies, the number of people who could vote has increased progressively with time. The 19th century saw many movements advocating "universal suffrage", most notably in Europe and North America. Female suffrage was largely ignored until the latter half of the century, when movements began to thrive; the first of these was in New Zealand, in which all adult women of all ethnicities gained the right to vote in 1893. From there, the movement for the idea of universal suffrage which included women's suffrage spread across British colonies . However, voting rights were often limited to those of the dominant ethnicity.
In the United States, after the principle of "One person, one vote" was established in the early 1960s by the U.S. Supreme Court under Earl Warren, the U.S. Congress, together with the Warren Court, continued to protect and expand the voting rights of all Americans, especially African Americans, through the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965 and several Supreme Court rulings. In addition, the term "suffrage" is also associated specifically with women's suffrage in the United States; a movement to extend the franchise to women began in the mid-19th century and culminated in 1920, when the United States ratified the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, guaranteeing the right of women to vote. It would be 1928 before voting rights were guaranteed to all women in the UK.
In more detail
France, under the 1793 Jacobin constitution, was the first major country to enact suffrage for all adult males, though it was never formally used in practice (the constitution was immediately suspended before being implemented, and the subsequent election occurred in 1795 after the fall of the Jacobin government in 1794 discredited most ideas associated with them, including that constitution). Elsewhere in the Francophone world, the Republic of Haiti legislated for universal male suffrage in 1816. The Second French Republic instituted adult male suffrage after the revolution of 1848.
Following the French revolutions, movements in the Western world toward more universal suffrage occurred in the early 19th century, and focused on removing property requirements for voting. In 1867 Germany (the North German Confederation) enacted suffrage for all adult males. In the United States following the American Civil War, slaves were freed and granted rights of citizens, including suffrage for adult males (although several states established restrictions largely, though not completely, diminishing these rights). In the late-19th and early-20th centuries, the focus of the universal suffrage movement came to include the extension of the right to vote to women, as happened from the post-Civil War era in several Western states and during the 1890s in a number of British colonies.
On 19 September 1893 the British Governor of New Zealand, Lord Glasgow, gave assent to a new electoral act, which meant that New Zealand became the first British-controlled colony in which women had the right to vote in parliamentary elections. This was followed shortly after by the colony of South Australia in 1894, which was the second to allow women to vote, but the first colony to permit women to stand for election as well. In 1906, the autonomous Russian territory known as Grand Duchy of Finland (which became the Republic of Finland in 1917) became the first territory in the world to implement unrestricted universal suffrage, as women could stand as candidates, unlike in New Zealand, and without indigenous ethnic exclusion, like in Australia. It also lead to the election of the world's first female members of parliament the following year. Federal states and colonial or autonomous territories prior to World War I have multiple examples of early introduction of universal suffrage. However, these legal changes were effected with the permission of the British, Russian or other government bodies, which were considered the sovereign nation at the time. For this reason, Australia (1901), New Zealand (1908) and Finland (1917) all have different dates of achieving independent nationhood.
Satirical drawing by Touchatout depicting the birth of universal suffrage, "one of the most sacred rights of Man, born in France on 24 february 1848."
The First French Republic adopted universal male suffrage briefly in 1792; it was one of the first national systems that abolished all property requirements as a prerequisite for allowing men to register and vote. Greece recognized full male suffrage in 1844. Spain recognized it in the Constitution of 1869 and France and Switzerland have continuously done so since the 1848 Revolution (for resident male citizens). Upon independence in the 19th century, several Latin-American countries and Liberia in Africa initially extended suffrage to all adult males, but subsequently restricted it based on property requirements. The German Empire implemented full male suffrage in 1871.
In the United States, the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1870 during the Reconstruction era, provided that "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." This amendment aimed to guarantee the right to vote to African Americans, many of whom had been enslaved in the South prior to the end (1865) of the American Civil War and the 1864–1865 abolition of slavery. Despite the amendment, however, blacks were disfranchised in the former Confederate states after 1877; Southern officials ignored the amendment and blocked black citizens from voting through a variety of devices, including poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses; violence and terrorism were used to intimidate some would-be voters. Southern blacks did not effectively receive the right to vote until the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
In 1893 the self-governing colony New Zealand became the first country in the world (except for the short-lived 18th-century Corsican Republic) to grant active universal suffrage by giving women the right to vote. It did not grant universal full suffrage (the right to both vote and be a candidate, or both active and passive suffrage) until 1919.
In 1902, the Commonwealth of Australia became the first country to grant full suffrage for women, i.e. the rights both to vote and to run for office. However, Australia did not implement universal suffrage at this time – nationwide voting rights for Aboriginal Australians were not established until 1962, before that varying by state.
Many societies in the past have denied or abridged political representation on the basis of race or ethnicity, related to discriminatory ideas about citizenship. For example, in apartheid-era South Africa, non-White people could generally not vote in national elections until the first multi-party elections in 1994. However, a nonracial franchise existed under the Cape Qualified Franchise, which was replaced by a number of separate MPs in 1936 (Blacks) and 1958 (Coloureds). Later, the Tricameral Parliament established separate chambers for Whites, Coloureds and Indians. Rhodesia enacted a similar statute to the former in its proclaimed independence of 1965, which however allowed a smaller number of representatives for the considerably larger Black majority (under its 1961 constitution, the voting classes had been based on socio-economic standards, which marginalized most Black and a few White voters to a separate set of constituencies, under the principle of weighted voting; this was replaced in 1969 by an explicitly racial franchise, with delegated all Blacks to the 'B' voters roll).
Women's suffrage
Main article: Women's suffrage
In Sweden (including Swedish-ruled Finland), women's suffrage was granted during the Age of Liberty from 1718 until 1772.
In Corsica, women's suffrage was granted in 1755 and lasted until 1769.
Women's suffrage (with the same property qualifications as for men) was granted in New Jersey in 1776 (the word "inhabitants" was used instead of "men" in the 1776 Constitution) and rescinded in 1807.
The Pitcairn Islands granted restricted women's suffrage in 1838. Various other countries and states granted restricted women's suffrage in the later half of the nineteenth century, starting with South Australia in 1861.
The first unrestricted women's suffrage in a major country was granted in New Zealand in 1893. The women's suffrage bill was adopted mere weeks before the general election of 1893. Māori men had been granted suffrage in 1867, white men in 1879. The Freedom in the World index lists New Zealand as the only free country in the world in 1893.
South Australia first granted women suffrage and allowed them to stand for parliament in 1894.
In 1906, the autonomous Grand Principality of Finland became the first territory to give women full political rights, i.e. both the right to vote and to run for office, and was the second in the world and the first in Europe to give women the right to vote. The world's first female members of parliament were elected in Finland the following year, 1907.After the German Revolution of 1918–19, the Weimar Constitution established universal suffrage in 1919 with a minimum voting age of 20.
In 1931, the Second Spanish Republic allowed women the right of passive suffrage with three women being elected.
During a discussion on extending women's right to active suffrage, the Radical Socialist Victoria Kent confronted the Radical Clara Campoamor. Kent argued that Spanish women were not yet prepared to vote and, since they were too influenced by the Catholic Church, they would vote for right-wing candidates. Campoamor however pleaded for women's rights regardless of political orientation. Her point finally prevailed and, in the election of 1933, the political right won with the vote of citizens of any sex over 23. Both Campoamor and Kent lost their seats.
In Switzerland, women's suffrage was introduced at the federal level, by a nationwide (male) referendum in 1971, but the referendum did not give women the right to vote at the local Cantonal level. The Cantons independently voted to grant women the right to vote. The first Canton to give women the right to vote was Vaud in 1959. The last Canton, Appenzell Innerrhoden, had a centuries-old law forbidding women to vote. This was only changed in 1990 when Switzerland's Federal Court ordered the Canton to grant women the right to vote.
Youth suffrage
Main article: Youth suffrage
The movement to lower the voting age many consider an aspect of universal suffrage that the youth rights movement has helped to lead. Organizations such as the National Youth Rights Association are active in the United States to advocate for a lower voting age, with some success, among other issues related to youth rights. A related movement, suffrage for Americans with disabilities provides important precedents and intersectionality with the movement to extend voting rights to children and youth.
Non-citizen suffrage
Main article: Non-citizen suffrage
While many places extend the right to vote in at least some elections to non-citizens living in their community, many people remain unable to vote based on their citizenship status.
Dates by country
Parts of this article (those related to Afghanistan) need to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2021)
States have granted and revoked universal suffrage at various times.
Note: this chart does not indicate periods of autocratic rule (when voting has little or no power).
Adult citizens There are no distinctions between citizens over a certain age in any part of its territories due to gender, literacy, wealth, social status, religion, race, or ethnicity.
Male is for all males over a certain age in the majority ethnic or sectarian group irrespective of literacy, wealth, or social status.
Female is for when all women over a certain age can vote on the same terms as men.
Ethnicity is for when all eligible voters over a certain age can vote on the same terms as the majority or politically dominant group irrespective of religion, race, or ethnicity.
Since historically one group or another might have lost suffrage rights only to regain them later on, this table lists the last uninterrupted time from the present a group was granted the right to vote if that group's suffrage has been fully restored.
Note: The table can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the icons.
Suffrage milestones by country or territory
Country or territory
Adult citizens
Male
Female
Ethnicity
Notes
Afghanistan
2004
2004
2004
2004
In 1919 King Amanullah Khan "created Afghanistan's first constitution, which abolished slavery, created a legislature, guaranteed secular education, and instituted equal rights for men and women." By 1929 he was overthrown along with his constitution and all voting rights were removed. The 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan transformed Afghanistan into a modern democracy. In 1979 the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan and toppled the government, leaving in 1989. The Taliban took control of the government in 1996. But it wasn't until after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan that people regained the right to vote in 2004
Argentina
1952
1853
1952
1853
Universal male suffrage was instituted in 1853. Universal, secret and mandatory suffrage for male citizens over 18 years of age was granted by the Sáenz Peña Law (General Election Law) of 1912. It was amended to include female citizens in 1947 but became effective in 1952.
Armenia
1919
1919
1919
1919
Since the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia. June 21 and 23, 1919, first direct parliamentary elections were held in Armenia under universal suffrage - every person over the age of 20 had the right to vote regardless of gender, ethnicity or religious beliefs and 3 women were elected as MPs.
Australia
1965
1901
1902
1965
In 1856, the parliament of the self-governing Colony of South Australia enacted legislation providing for universal male suffrage for all male residents over the age of 21. The parliaments of the Colony of Victoria and the Colony of New South Wales followed suit by enacting legislation providing universal male suffrage in 1857 and 1858, respectively.
In 1894, the parliament of the Colony of South Australia enacted legislation providing female adults franchise; giving all adults of the age of majority the right to vote in elections, and for any elector to stand for high office.
In 1901, the self-governing colonies of Australia federated. In 1902, the new federal parliament legislated for an adult franchise and the right of electors to stand for and occupy any office for which they could directly vote. This franchise, including voting rights for non-Indigenous women, was established by the Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902. Voting rights for Indigenous Australians varied depending on state legislation. The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1962 granted Indigenous Australians the right to vote in federal elections. In 1965, the Queensland parliament extended voting rights to all Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders. Compulsory enrolment was extended to Indigenous Australians nationwide in 1984.
Austria
1918
1896
1918
1907
Universal suffrage 1896, universal and equal suffrage (removing multiple voting) 1907. Before 1907 unmarried landholding women were allowed to vote. After the Central Powers' defeat in World War I universal suffrage including women.
Azerbaijan
1919
1919
1919
1919
Joined the nascent Soviet Union in 1920.
Bahamas
1961
1958
1961
1807
Legislation passed in the house in 1961 allowing for Universal adult suffrage in The Bahamas. All men could vote equally in The Bahamas in 1958. In 1807 legislation passed in the house of assembly giving free persons of color the right to vote. Electorate is less than half of citizenry.
Bahrain
1975
1975
1975
–
Universal suffrage in 1973, although parliament was suspended and dissolved in 1975 for approximately 30 years.
Belgium
1948
1893
1948
1893
Universal census suffrage for all men aged 25 and above since 1893. Depending on education and amount of taxes paid, males could cast between 1 and 3 votes. Widows were also allowed to vote but lost their voting rights after remarrying. Universal single suffrage for males since 1918. Universal suffrage for women was finally introduced in 1948.
Bhutan
2008
2008
2008
2008
Bolivia
1952
1938
1952
1952
Universal suffrage granted by decree of 1952; first elections in 1956; women's suffrage coincided with abolition of literacy requirements.
Brazil
1985
1891
1932
1891
Male suffrage from Brazilian Constitution of 1891 excluding beggars, women, illiterates, lowest ranking soldiers and members of monastic orders. Women from 1932. Suffrage was further expanded to all but illiterate people in 1946. Illiterates remained without the right to vote until 1985.
Brunei
–
–
–
–
No elections.
Bulgaria
1945
1879
1945
1879
Universal suffrage including women and men serving in the Army was instituted by the government of the Fatherland front.
Burma/Myanmar
1990
1990
1990
1990
Last free elections held in 1990. New elections held in 2015, which elected 75% of legislators, while 25% remain appointed by the military.
Canada
1960
1920
1920
1960
In 1920, Canada enacted suffrage for federal elections for male and female citizens, with exceptions for Chinese Canadians and Aboriginal Canadians; for provincial elections, female suffrage was established between 1916 (Manitoba, Alberta, Saskatchewan) and 1940 (Quebec). Chinese Canadians, regardless of gender, were given suffrage in 1947, while Aboriginal Canadians were not allowed to vote until 1960, regardless of gender. Newfoundland which joined Canada in 1949 had universal male suffrage in 1925.
Chile
1970
1970
1970
1970
From 1888 suffrage for men of any race over 21 who can read. From 1925 full suffrage for men aged 21 and above and able to read and write. 1934 women get to vote on Municipal Elections. From 1949 universal suffrage for men and women aged 21 and above and able to read and write. From 1970 suffrage for men and women aged 18 and older whether or not they can read.
China
1953
1947
1953
1947
Officially Universal suffrage was granted under the 1947 Constitution of the Republic of China when the First National Assembly (disbanded 2005) elections were held in 1947. But women were not explicitly enfranchised until 1953 thanks to the first Electoral Law of the People's Republic of China. The general populace can only vote for local elections. National elections for president and premier are held by the National People's Congress. Taiwan had the first multi-party legislative elections in 1992 and the first presidential election in 1996.
Colombia
1954
1936
1954
1936
Universal male suffrage started in 1853, restricted in 1886. Electorate defined on the basis of adult franchise and joint electorate.
First Czechoslovak Republic
1918
1896
1918
1896
Within Austria, universal suffrage 1896, universal and equal suffrage (removing multiple voting) 1907. After the Central Powers' defeat in World War I, universal suffrage including women.
Denmark
1915
1849
1915
1849
The King granted limited voting rights in 1834 but only to property owners and with limited power. First proper voting rights came in 1849 to "men over 30 of good reputation" but in the subsequent years the rules were changed a number of times, and it was not until the change of the constitution in 1915 that all men and women living within the kingdom had influence on all chambers. Danish law does not operate with any notion of "ethnicity", but non-resident citizens are still excluded from voting after two years abroad.
Dominican Republic
2015
Jorge Radhamés Zorrilla Ozuna proposed the inclusion of the military vote in the constitutional reform of Dominican Republic, to be effective in the elections of 2016.
Ecuador
1929
Estonia
1918
1917
1918
1917
Two tiered elections were held, with 62 representatives from rural communities and towns elected in May–June and July–August, respectively.
European Union
1979
1979
1979
1979
Elections to the European Parliament have taken place since 1979.
Finland
1906
1906
1906
1906
As an autonomous Grand Principality in the Russian Empire, Finland achieved universal suffrage in 1906, becoming the second country in the world to adopt universal suffrage. The Finnish parliamentary election of 1907 was the first time when women were elected (19 of 200 MPs). After becoming independent in 1917, Finland continued its universal suffrage.
France
1945
1792
1944
1792
In 1792, the Convention assembly was elected by all French males 21 and over. Over the subsequent years, France experienced profound political upheaval, with republican, monarchist and bonapartist government governing at various times. Through these changes, suffrage increased and decreased based on the introduction, repeal and reintroduction of various degrees of universal, property and census-based suffrage. Universal male suffrage was given in 1848, with the exception of the military who obtained the right to vote in 1945. This was supplemented in 1944 by full universal suffrage, including women as voters.
Georgia
1919
1919
1919
1919
The first democratic elections were held on 14–16 February 1919. Five women were elected in total (for Menshevik party) to take part in national legislature numbering 130MPs. In 1921, Georgia became a part of the nascent Soviet Union.
Germany
1919
1871
1919
1919
The German Empire from 1871 until 1918 (and the North German Confederation before it from 1867) had universal male suffrage, one of the more progressive election franchises at the time. After the German Revolution of 1918–19, the Weimar Constitution established universal suffrage in 1919 with a minimum voting age of 20.
Ghana
1951
1951
1951
1951
Universal suffrage was granted for the 1951 legislative election. This was the first election to be held in Africa under universal suffrage.
Greece
1952
1844
1952
1844
After the Revolution of 3 September 1843, the Greek Constitution of 1844 with the electoral law of 18 March 1844 introduced universal male suffrage with secret ballot. Women were given the right to vote in local elections in 1930 and in parliamentary elections since 1952.
Hong Kong
1991
1991
1991
1991
Held its first legislative elections in 1991, electing part of the legislators. However currently, less than a quarter of the seats in its Legislative Council are elected via universal suffrage, the rest being functional constituencies elected by trade groups and seats held by those elected by the establishment-controlled Election Committee.
Hungary
1918
1918
1918
1867
After the Central Powers' defeat in World War I.
Somewhat reverted in 1925: women's voting age raised to 30, education and wealth requirements were raised. In rural constituencies open voting was reinstated.
The rate of eligible citizens fell to 29%.
Iceland
1920
1920
1920
1920
A small share of men were given the right to vote in the 1844 Althing elections.
A small share of women were granted the right to vote in local elections in 1882. Women's suffrage was proposed in the Althing in 1911, ratified by the Althing in 1913, and enacted on 19 June 1915 by the Danish king but only granted the vote to women over 40, and did not grant the right to vote to servants. These restrictions (along with some restrictions on male suffrage) were lifted in 1920 after Iceland became an independent state under the Danish crown in 1918.
India
1950
1950
1950
1950
All adult citizens as recognized by the Constitution of India, irrespective of race or gender or religion on the founding of the Republic of India.
Indonesia
1955
1955
1955
1955
Iran
1963
1906
1963
1906
Under "Constitutional Revolution". The White Revolution gave women the right to vote in 1963.
Ireland
1923
1918
1923
1793
The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1793 removed the voting ban from Catholic men in the Kingdom of Ireland. All adult men in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland were enfranchised by the Representation of the People Act 1918. This Act granted women over 30 the right to vote in national elections, but about 60% of women (those under 30 or not meeting property qualifications) were excluded until the Electoral Act 1923 in the Irish Free State changed previous British law to enfranchise women equally with men in 1923.
Israel
1948
1948
1948
1948
Universal suffrage since the founding of the State of Israel.
Italy
1945
1912
1945
1912
1912, introduction of the first universal male suffrage, extended to all citizens aged 30 and older, with no restrictions. It was applied in the elections of 1913. In 1918 the electorate was expanded with all male citizens aged 21 and older or who had served in the army. Universal adult suffrage, including women, introduced in 1945, and applied for the first time in the referendum of 1946. Suffrage for men and women aged 18 granted in 1975.
Jamaica
1944
1944
1944
1944
Universal adult suffrage introduced.
Japan
1945
1925
1945
1925
Universal adult male suffrage for those over 25 was introduced in 1925. Universal adult suffrage for both sexes over 20 introduced in 1945. The Voting age was reduced to 18 in 2016.
Kuwait
2005
1962
2005
1962
Universal adult male suffrage since 1962, for citizens who are 21 or older, with the exception of those who, at the time of elections, serve in the armed forces. As of 2005, women who satisfy the age and citizenship requirements are allowed to vote.
Latvia
1919
1919
1919
1919
Universal suffrage introduced in Law of elections to the Constituent assembly.
Lebanon
1943
1943
1943
1943
Universal suffrage for all adult males and females since the independence of Lebanon (The Chamber of Deputies is shared equally between Christians and Muslims, rather than elected by universal suffrage that would have provided a Muslim majority).
Liberia
1951
1946
1946
–
Liberia denies political rights for non-Black people. See: Liberian nationality law
Liechtenstein
1984
1984
Lithuania
1922
1922
1922
1922
Luxembourg
1919
1919
1919
1919
Universal voting rights introduced in May 1919, first applied in a referendum on 28 September, then the parliamentarian elections on 26 October 1919.
Malaysia
1957
1956
1957
1956
Malta
1947
1947
1947
1947
The 1947 election was the first election without property qualifications for voters, and women were also allowed to vote for the first time.
Mauritius
1959
1948
1959
1948
The 1959 election was the first election when women were also allowed to vote for the first time. The 1948 Mauritian general election was the first instance when any adult who could write their names in any of the island's languages was allowed to vote, without property qualifications for voters.
Mexico
1953
1917
1953
1917
Universal suffrage given to men in 1917 after the Mexican Revolution; suffrage given to women in municipal elections in 1947 and national elections in 1953. In 1996, Mexicans living in the United States were given the right to vote in Mexican elections.
Netherlands
1919
1917
1919
1917
From 1917 full suffrage for men aged 23 and above. From 1919 universal suffrage for men and women aged 23. From 1971 suffrage for men and women aged 18 and older.
New Zealand
1893
1879
1893
1879
With the extension of voting rights to women in 1893, the self-governing British colony became one of the first permanently constituted jurisdictions in the world to grant universal adult suffrage, suffrage previously having been universal for Māori men over 21 from 1867, and for white men from 1879. Plural voting (impacting men) was abolished in 1889. Some adult prison inmates are denied the right to vote.
Norway
1913
1898
1913
1851
Full male suffrage in 1898, with women included in 1913. Tax-paying Sami men were granted suffrage in a revision of the constitution in 1821. The so-called Jew clause in the Constitution of 1814 explicitly banned Jews from entering and residing in the kingdom. It was repealed in 1851, paving the way for Jews to live, pay taxes and vote in Norway.
Pakistan
1956
1951
1956
1951
In 1956, women were granted the right to vote in national elections. Pakistan adopted universal adult suffrage for provisional assembly elections soon after it became independent in 1947. The first direct elections held in the country after independence were for the provincial Assembly of the Punjab from 10 to 20 March 1951.
Paraguay
1961
Peru
1979
1979
1979
1979
Suffrage was granted for women in 1955 but suffrage for the illiterate was only granted with the 1979 Constitution.
Philippines
1946
1935
1937
1946
Males who were over 25 years old and could speak English or Spanish, with property and tax restrictions, were previously allowed to vote as early as 1907; universal male suffrage became a constitutional right in 1935. Women's suffrage was approved in a plebiscite in 1937.
Poland
1918
1918
1918
1918
Prior to the Partition of Poland in 1795, only nobility (men) were allowed to take part in political life. The first parliamentary elections were held on 26 January 1919 (1919 Polish legislative election), according to the decree introducing universal suffrage, signed by Józef Piłsudski on 28 November 1918, immediately after restoring independent Polish state. Universal suffrage for men and women over 21.
Portugal
1974
1974
1974
1974
By 1878, 72% of the male adult population had access to vote; this number was restricted by the policies of the last years of the monarchy and first years of the republic (transition in 1910 with the 5 October 1910 revolution), being reinstalled only in the 1920s. Restricted female suffrage was firstly allowed in 1931; it was further extended in 1933, 1946, and finally 1968. Due to the 1933–74 dictatorship of Estado Novo, universal suffrage was only fully attained after the 1974 Carnation revolution.
Qatar
1999
1999
1999
Municipal elections are open for active and passive participation for men and women since 1999.
Romania
1948
1918
1948
1918
The universal suffrage for men established by Royal Decree in November 1918, the first elections using universal suffrage took place in November 1919. Literate women were given the right to vote in the local elections in 1929 and the electoral law of 1939 extended the active voting rights to all literate citizens which were 30 years old or older. The universal suffrage was granted by the 1948 Constitution of Romania.
Russia
1917
1917
1917
1917
Universal suffrage established by Declaration of the Provisional Government of 15 March 1917 and Statute on Elections of the Constituent Assembly of 2 August 1917.
Samoa
1991
1990
1991
1990
Saudi Arabia
2015
2005
2015
2005
Saudi Arabia is an authoritarian state. Men and women have the right to vote for half the seats in "virtually powerless" municipal councils.
Serbia
1945
1888
1945
1888
Suffrage for male voters who paid taxes was granted in the Constitution of 1869, and in the Constitution of 1888 the right to vote was given to all males of age 21. Women were allowed to vote with the Communist constitution of Yugoslavia.
South Africa
1994
1910
1931
1994
White women's suffrage granted in 1930 and suffrage for all white adults regardless of property in 1931. Universal suffrage not regarding race or colour of skin; many blacks and Coloureds were denied the right to vote before and during the apartheid era (1948–1994).
South Korea
1948
1948
1948
1948
Universal suffrage since the founding of the Republic of Korea. However, voting was initially limited to landowners and taxpayers in the larger towns, elders voting for everyone at the village level.
Spain
1977
1812
1977
1869
The Constitution of 1812 enfranchised all Spanish men of Iberian or indigenous American descent in both hemispheres irrespective of property, but explicitly excluded Afrodescendent men.
Extended to all men from 1869 to 1878 (comprising the Provisional Government, the Reign of Amadeo of Savoy, the First Spanish Republic and the three first years of Bourbon Restoration) and from 1890 to the end of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–36). On 19 November 1933 women were granted the right to vote. Revoked during Franco era (1939–75) and recovered since 1977 in the new Spanish Constitution.
Sri Lanka
1931
1931
1931
1931
Universal suffrage for all irrespective of race, ethnicity, language, or gender. Sri Lanka is the oldest democracy in Asia.
Sweden
1945
1909
1919
1873
During the years 1718–72 burgher men and women of age and with income were able to elect members of parliament, but women's suffrage was abolished in 1772. Jews were given the right to vote in 1838, but not given the right to stand for election until 1870. Catholics were given the right to vote in 1873, but not given the right to be eligible as cabinet minister until 1951. Full male suffrage 1909 for those aged 25 and above, but only to one of two equally weighed houses of parliament. Universal suffrage for men and women aged 23 enacted in 1919, and the first election took place in 1921. Until 1924 men who refused to do military service were excepted from universal suffrage. Until 1937 courts were able to punish crimes by revoking a convict's right to vote. Until 1945 persons living on benefits were excepted from universal suffrage. Voting age changed to 21 in 1945, to 20 in 1965, to 19 in 1969 and to 18 in 1975.
Switzerland
1990
1848
1990
1866
On the level of the constituent states of the Old Swiss Confederacy, universal male suffrage is first attested in Uri in 1231, in Schwyz in 1294, in Unterwalden in 1309, and in Appenzell in 1403. In these rural communities all men fit for military service were allowed to participate in the Landsgemeinde, which managed political and judicial affairs.
In the short-lived Helvetic Republic (1798-1803) men above the age of 20 had the right to vote. At the formation of today's federal state in 1848, Switzerland reintroduced universal male suffrage. Jews did not have the same political rights as Christian citizens until 1866.
Women's suffrage was introduced at a national level in federal elections after a nationwide (male) referendum in 1971, but the referendum did not give women the right to vote at the local Cantonal level and still allowed women to be barred from the ability to vote on the basis of their gender. All, save one, of the cantons independently voted to grant women the right to vote at different times during the second half of the 20th century.
Before the referendum in 1971, women gained the right to vote for local cantonal elections in Vaud, & Neuchâtel in 1959; Genêve in 1960; Basel-Stadt in 1966; Basel-Land in 1968; Ticino in 1969; and Valais, Luzern, & Zürich in 1970. The same year as the referendum in 1971: Aargau, Fribourg, Schaffhausen, Zug, Glarus, Solothurn, Bern, & Thurgau extended the right to vote in local elections. St. Gallen, Uri, Schwyz, Graubünden, Nidwalden, & Obwalden soon followed in 1972, with Appenzell Ausserrhoden allowing women to vote in local cantonal elections in 1989. Those of canton Appenzell Innerrhoden had to wait until 1990 and a ruling of the Federal Court that forced the canton to grant women the right to vote.
Thailand
1933
1933
1933
1933
Thailand gave all villagers, men and women, the right to vote in local village elections in the "Local Administrative Act of May 1897" but not nationally. Universal suffrage for national elections was granted during the first general election in 1933.
Tunisia
1959
1957
Universal suffrage for all since the first post-independence constitution.
Turkey
1934
1876
1934
1876
United Arab Emirates
–
2006
2006
2006
Limited suffrage for both men and women. A hand-picked 12% of Emirati citizens have the right to vote for half the members of the Federal National Council, an advisory quasi-parliamentary body. The UAE is an authoritarian state.
United Kingdom
1928
1918
1928
1791
The removal of voting rights based on religion occurred with the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1791 in the Kingdom of Great Britain. The right to vote has never since been based on race or religion. All adult men in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland were enfranchised by the Representation of the People Act 1918. This Act granted women over 30 the right to vote in national elections, but about 60% of women (those under 30 or not meeting property qualifications) were excluded until the Equal Franchise Act 1928, when women were granted the vote on the same terms as men in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Representation of the People Act 1948 removed plural voting rights held by about 7% of the electorate. The Representation of the People Act 1969 reduced the voting age from 21 to 18, the first major democratic country to do so. As of 2019, 529,902 British nationals (257,646 people in Crown Dependencies and 272,256 people in British Overseas Territories) are represented in local legislatures in their territories but not in the House of Commons, unless they are resident in the United Kingdom.
United Nations
1948
1948
1948
1948
Provision of "universal and equal suffrage" in Universal Declaration of Human Rights
United States
1965
1856
1920
1965
In the colonial era, there had been various restrictions on suffrage in what is today the United States. Property restrictions on voting disenfranchised more than half of the white male population in most states.
After the American Revolution, the Constitution did not originally define who was eligible to vote, allowing each state to determine who was eligible. In the early history of the U.S., most states allowed only white male adult property owners to vote (about 6% of the population). Vermont, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky were the three states to have full adult suffrage for white males before 1800. New Jersey allowed women's suffrage for landowners until the early 1800s.
In the 1820 election, there were 108,359 ballots cast. In the 1840 election, 2,412,694 ballots were cast, an increase that far outstripped natural population growth. Poor voters became a huge part of the electorate. By 1856, after the period of Jacksonian democracy, all states had almost universal white adult male suffrage regardless of property ownership. Tax-paying requirements remained in five states, and two into the 20th century.
In 1868, the 14th Amendment altered the way each state is represented in the House of Representatives. It counted all residents for apportionment including former slaves, overriding the three-fifths compromise, and reduced a state's apportionment if it wrongfully denied men aged 21 and above the right to vote. However, this was not enforced in practice. In 1870, the 15th Amendment granted suffrage to all males of any race, skin color, and ethnicity, including former slaves (freedmen), meaning that male African Americans in theory had the right to vote throughout the United States.
Starting in 1888, former Confederate states passed Jim Crow laws and amendments to effectively disfranchise black and poor white voters through poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses and other restrictions, applied in a discriminatory manner. During this period, the Supreme Court generally upheld state efforts to discriminate against racial minorities; only later in the 20th century were these laws ruled unconstitutional. Black males in the Northern states could vote, but the majority of African Americans lived in the South.
Wyoming was the first territory to enfranchise all women in 1869. From then until 1916, all Western states legalized women suffrage, but few Eastern states followed suit. However, in 1920 the 19th Amendment extended the franchise to women in all states.
In 1924 the Indian Citizenship Act gave suffrage to all Native Americans, nearly two-thirds of whom already had citizenship and the right to vote.
In 1943 Chinese immigrants were given the right to citizenship and the right to vote by the Magnuson Act. It allowed some Chinese immigration for the first time since the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, and permitted some Chinese immigrants already residing in the country to become naturalized citizens.
In 1962–1964, the nationwide "one man, one vote" electoral system was lawfully established mainly through the Warren Court's rulings in Baker v. Carr (1962), Reynolds v. Sims (1964), as well as Wesberry v. Sanders (1964).
In 1964–1965, the 24th Amendment, which abolished the use of poll taxes as a requirement for voting in federal elections, was passed. Full enfranchisement was revived in 1965, with the passage of Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965, which provided for federal enforcement of rights. For state elections, it was not until the Warren Court ruled 6–3 in Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections (1966) that all state poll taxes were unconstitutional as violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This removed a burden on the poor.
In 1971, the 26th Amendment ratified, which granted suffrage for men and women aged 18.
Currently 4 million American citizens living in the Territories of the United States do not have representation in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate.
Uruguay
1918
1932
With the 1918 Uruguayan Constitution.
Venezuela
1946
Zimbabwe
1979
1919
1979
Universal suffrage was introduced in the 1978 Internal Settlement between Ian Smith and Abel Muzorewa. The 1979 Lancaster House constitution agreed to accommodate the nationalists and also affirmed universal suffrage but with a special role for whites. Universal suffrage with no special consideration for race came in 1987. Before 1978, Rhodesia (the name for the region that would become Zimbabwe in 1980) had a merit qualification to vote. This was controversial because it excluded the vast majority of native Africans. Though white women were granted the right to vote in 1919.
See also
Democracy Index
Equality before the law
List of suffragists and suffragettes
List of women's rights activists
One man, one vote
One person, one vote
Suffrage for Americans with disabilities
Suffragette
Timeline of women's suffrage
Umbrella Movement
2014 Hong Kong protests
Notes
^ a b While the USSR was not formally founded until 1922, a group of socialist republics under the influence of Soviet Russia existed for several years before that.
^ Over the years suffrage increased and decreased based on the introduction, repeal and reintroduction of various degrees of universal, property and census-based suffrage. Universal male suffrage was given in 1848 and in 1944 women had equal universal suffrage rights to men. The military obtained the right to vote in 1945.
^ In 1792, the Convention assembly was elected by all French males 21 and over regardless of one's ethnicity. While not an ethnicity, those serving in the military obtained the right to vote in 1945.
^ a b the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 reflects eligibility for office, not the eligibility to vote.
^ a b Until the Reform Act 1832 specified 'male persons', a few women had been able to vote in parliamentary elections through property ownership, although this was rare. In local government elections, women lost the right to vote under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. Unmarried women ratepayers received the right to vote in the Municipal Franchise Act 1869. This right was confirmed in the Local Government Act 1894 and extended to include some married women. By 1900, over 1 million women were registered for local government elections in England.
^ While local government gerrymandering in Northern Ireland was one of the factors which led to the Troubles, parliamentary elections still took place for all British citizens. In 1972 the British Parliament was unwilling to grant the mostly Protestant unionist Northern Ireland government more authoritarian special powers since it was now convinced of its inability to restore order. So they suspended the Parliament of Northern Ireland and the post of Governor and made provision for direct rule by the elected government of the United Kingdom.
^ Graduates of universities lost the right to vote in university constituencies as well as parliamentary boroughs and property owners lost the right to vote both in the constituency where their property lay and that in which they lived, if the two were different. For elections to the Parliament of Northern Ireland, these changes were made under the Electoral Law Act 1968.
^ Most of the British Overseas Territories and all of the Crown Dependencies have a local representative government, although ultimate authority still resides in Westminster. Legislation has been proposed in past to create parliamentary districts for the British Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies, though as of 2020 no bill has been put forward by the British government British nationality law has changed over the years has redefined who has the birthright to live and work in the UK. In 1968 and 1971, as a result of fears about increasing immigration by non-white British citizens, the UK Government introduced immigration restrictions and stripped birthrights on British subjects from some British Overseas Territories. The current principal British nationality law in force, since 1 January 1983, is the British Nationality Act 1981, which established the system of multiple categories of British nationality.
^ a b While constitutionally given the right to vote by the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870 and 19th Amendment in 1920, the reality of the country was such that most African Americans and some poor whites could not vote until the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Starting in 1888 Southern states legalized disenfranchisement by enacting Jim Crow laws; they amended their constitutions and passed legislation to impose various voting restrictions, including literacy tests, poll taxes, property-ownership requirements, moral character tests, requirements that applicants interpret a particular document, and grandfather clauses that allowed otherwise-ineligible persons to vote if their grandfathers voted (which excluded many African Americans whose grandfathers had been ineligible). During this period, the Supreme Court generally upheld state efforts to discriminate against racial minorities. In Giles v. Harris (1903), the Court held that irrespective of the Fifteenth Amendment, the judiciary did not have the remedial power to force states to register racial minorities to vote. The Indian Citizenship Act in 1924 gave Native Americans the right to vote and officially recognized them as citizens, nearly two-thirds of whom already had citizenship and the right to vote. In 1943 Chinese immigrants were given the right to citizenship and the right to vote by the Magnuson Act. African Americans and others gained full enfranchisement through passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
^ The 1828 presidential election was the first in which non-property-holding white males could vote in the vast majority of states, but this was not consistent across the country until the last state, North Carolina, abolished property qualification in 1856 resulting in a close approximation to universal white male suffrage (however tax-paying requirements remained in five states in 1860 and survived in two states until the 20th century). The Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 altered the way each state is represented in the House of Representatives. It counted all residents for apportionment including slaves, overriding the three-fifths compromise, and reduced a state's apportionment if it wrongfully denied males over the age of 21 the right to vote; however, this was not enforced in practice. Some poor white men remained excluded at least until 1965. For state elections, it was not until the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6–3 in Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections (1966) that all state poll taxes were unconstitutional as violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This removed a burden on the poor.
^ 19th Amendment in 1920 prohibited any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex, but most African-American women some poor white women remained excluded at least until 1965. For state elections, it was not until the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6–3 in Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections (1966) that all state poll taxes were unconstitutional as violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This removed a burden on the poor.
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Further reading
Duong, Kevin (2020). "What Was Universal Suffrage?". Theory & Event. 23 (1): 29–65.
External links
Look up universal suffrage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Universal suffrage.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Universal suffrage.
Limited suffrage in England prior to the 1832 reforms
Finnish centennial celebration
"Have you heard the news?", a pamphlet published by an anonymous English freeman in 1835
An address to the middle and working classes engaged in trade and manufactures throughout the empire on the necessity of union at the present crisis (1842) by Richard Gardner
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vteSuffrageBasic topics
Universal suffrage
Right to run for office
Women
Men
Black
Youth
Resident foreigners
Expatriates in country of origin
Voting age
Demeny voting
Suffragette
Compulsory voting
Disfranchisement
Women's liberation movement
By country
Austria
Australia
1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act
aboriginal
women
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Hong Kong
India
Japan
Kuwait
Liechtenstein
Mexico
New Zealand
Spain (Civil War, Francoist)
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
women
Cayman Islands
Scotland
Wales
laws
1832
1918
1928
United States
women
African Americans
Native Americans
felons
foreigners
District of Columbia
Puerto Rico
states
Constitutional amendments: 15th, 19th, 23rd, 24th, 26th
1965 Voting Rights Act
Events
International Woman Suffrage Alliance conferences
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
Hong Kong 1 July marches
2014 Hong Kong protests
2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
UK
WSPU march (1906)
Mud March (1907)
Women's Sunday (1908)
Black Friday (1910)
Battle of Downing Street (1910)
Women's Coronation Procession (1911)
Great Pilgrimage (1913)
Open Christmas Letter (1914)
Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
US
Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
Declaration of Sentiments (1848)
Rochester Convention (1848)
Ohio Women's Convention (1850)
National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869)
Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872–1873)
Suffrage Hikes (1912–1914)
Woman Suffrage Procession (1913)
Suffrage Torch
Suffrage Special (1916)
Silent Sentinels (1917–1919)
Night of Terror
Prison Special
1920 United States presidential election
"Give Us the Ballot" (1957)
Freedom Summer (1964)
Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)
Women(memorials)
List of suffragists and suffragettes
Timeline of women's suffrage
US
in majority-Muslim countries
Historiography of the Suffragettes
Women's suffrage organizations and publications
Women's rights activists
Leser v. Garnett
Belmont–Paul Monument
Rise up, Women (Emmeline Pankhurst statue)
Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial
Elizabeth Cady Stanton statue
Suffragette Memorial
Portrait Monument
Women's Rights Pioneers Monument
Forward statue
Kate Sheppard National Memorial
Millicent Fawcett statue
Great Petition (2008 sculpture)
Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain
Resilience
Turning Point Suffragist Memorial
Eagle House
Pankhurst Centre
Paulsdale
Suffragette Handkerchief
Holloway banner
Holloway brooch
Holloway Jingles
Hunger Strike Medal
Justice Bell
Suffrage jewellery
Suffragette penny
Suffrage Oak
Women's Rights National Historical Park
Women's Suffrage National Monument
International Women's Day
Susan B. Anthony Day
Women's Equality Day
Related
Age of candidacy
National Voting Rights Museum (US)
Umbrella Movement
Popularculture
"The Women's Marseillaise"
"The March of the Women" (1910 song)
The Mother of Us All (1947 opera)
"Sister Suffragette" (1964 song)
Suffrage plays
Women's suffrage in film
Votes for Women (1912 film)
Shoulder to Shoulder (1974 series)
Not for Ourselves Alone (1999 documentary)
Iron Jawed Angels (2004 film)
Up the Women (2013 sitcom)
Selma (2014 film)
Suffragette (2015 film)
Sylvia (2018 musical)
Suffs (2022 musical)
Susan B. Anthony dollar
New Zealand ten-dollar note
2020 US ten-dollar bill
Lioness (upcoming film)
vteSubstantive human rightsWhat is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rightsCivil and political
Equality before the law
Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of association
Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
Freedom from discrimination
Freedom of information
Freedom of movement
Freedom of religion
Freedom from slavery
Freedom of speech
Freedom of thought
Freedom from torture
Legal aid
LGBT rights
Liberty
Nationality
Personhood
Presumption of innocence
Right of asylum
Right to die
Right to a fair trial
Right to family life
Right to keep and bear arms
Right to life
Right to petition
Right to privacy
Right to protest
Right to refuse medical treatment
Right to resist
Right of self-defense
Right to truth
Security of person
Suffrage
right to be a candidate
Right to homeland
Economic, socialand cultural
Digital rights
Equal pay for equal work
Fair remuneration
Labor rights
Right to an adequate standard of living
Right to clothing
Right to development
Right to education
Right to food
Right to health
Right to a healthy environment
Right to housing
Right to Internet access
Right to property
Right to public participation
Right of reply
Right to rest and leisure
Right of return
Right to science and culture
Right to social security
Right to water
Right to work
Sexual andreproductive
Abortion
Family planning
Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation
Intersex human rights
LGBT rights
Sexual and reproductive health
Right to sexuality
Violations
Crimes against humanity
Genocide
War crimes
vteDiscriminationForms
Institutional
Structural
Statistical
Taste-based
Attributes
Age
Caste
Class
Dialect
Disability
Genetic
Hair texture
Height
Language
Looks
Mental disorder
Race / Ethnicity
Skin color
Scientific racism
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Species
Size
Viewpoint
Social
Arophobia
Acephobia
Adultism
Anti-albinism
Anti-autism
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Anti-intellectualism
Anti-intersex
Anti-left handedness
Anti-Masonry
Antisemitism
Aporophobia
Audism
Biphobia
Clannism
Cronyism
Elitism
Ephebiphobia
Social determinants of health
Social determinants of health in poverty
Social determinants of mental health
Fatphobia
Gayphobia
Gerontophobia
Heterosexism
HIV/AIDS stigma
Homophobia
Leprosy stigma
Lesbophobia
Discrimination against men
Misandry
Misogyny
Nepotism
Pedophobia
Perpetual foreigner
Pregnancy
Reverse
Sectarianism
Supremacism
White
Transphobia
Non-binary
Transmisogyny
Trans men
Vegaphobia
Xenophobia
Religious
Ahmadiyya
Atheism
Baháʼí Faith
Buddhism
Catholicism
Christianity
post–Cold War era
Falun Gong
Hinduism
Persecution
Untouchability
Islam
Persecution
Jehovah's Witnesses
Judaism
Persecution
LDS or Mormon
Neopaganism
Eastern Orthodox
Oriental Orthodox
Protestantism
Rastafari
Shi'ism
Sufism
Zoroastrianism
Ethnic/National
Afghan
African
Albanian
American
Arab
Armenian
Asian
France
South Africa
United States
Assyrian
Azerbaijani
Black people
African Americans
China
South Africa
Bengali
Bulgarian
Catalan
Chechen
Chinese
Croat
Filipino
Fulani
Finnish
Georgian
Greek
Haitian
Hazara
Hispanic
Hungarian
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Indian
Indigenous people
Australia
Canada
United States
Iranian
Irish
Israeli
Italian
Japanese
Jewish
Korean
Kurdish
Lithuanian
Malay
Māori
Mexican
Middle Eastern
Mongolian
Nigerian
Pakistani
Palestinians
Pashtun
Polish
Quebec
Romani
Romanian
Serb
Slavic
Somali
Tatar
Thai
Turkish
Ukrainian
Uyghur
Venezuelan
Vietnamese
Manifestations
Anti-LGBT rhetoric
Blood libel
Bullying
Cancel culture
Capital punishment for homosexuality
Compulsory sterilization
Corrective rape
Counter-jihad
Cultural genocide
Defamation
Democide
Disability hate crime
Dog whistle
Economic
Education
Employment
Eliminationism
Enemy of the people
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic conflict
Ethnic hatred
Ethnic joke
Ethnocide
Forced conversion
Freak show
Gay bashing
Gendercide
Genital modification and mutilation
Genocide
examples
Glass ceiling
Hate crime
LGBT
Hate group
Hate speech
Homeless dumping
Housing
Indian rolling
Intersectionality
Lavender scare
LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
List of people killed for being transgender
Lynching
Mortgage
Murder music
Native American mascots
Braves
Blackhawks
Chiefs
Occupational segregation
Persecution
Pogrom
Political repression
Purge
Racialization
Religious persecution
Religious terrorism
Religious violence
Religious war
Scapegoating
Segregation academy
Sexual harassment
Sex-selective abortion
Slut-shaming
Trans bashing
Victimisation
Violence against women
White flight
White genocide conspiracy theory
Wife selling
Witch-hunt
Discriminatorypolicies
Age of candidacy
Blood purity
Blood quantum
Crime of apartheid
Disabilities
Catholic
Jewish
Gender pay gap
Gender roles
Gerontocracy
Gerrymandering
Ghetto benches
Internment
Jewish quota
Law for Protection of the Nation
MSM blood donation restrictions
Nonpersons
Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota)
One-drop rule
Racial quota
Racial segregation
Jim Crow laws
Nuremberg Laws
Racial steering
Redlining
Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
Segregation
age
racial
religious
sexual
Social exclusion
Sodomy law
State atheism
State religion
Ugly law
Voter suppression
Countermeasures
Affirmative action
Anti-discrimination law
Anti-racism
Constitutional colorblindness
Cultural assimilation
Cultural pluralism
Diversity training
Empowerment
Fat acceptance movement
Feminism
Fighting Discrimination
Hate speech laws by country
Human rights
Intersex human rights
LGBT rights
Masculism
Multiculturalism
Nonviolence
Racial integration
Reappropriation
Self-determination
Social integration
Toleration
Related topics
Allophilia
Amatonormativity
Bias
Christian privilege
Cisnormativity
Civil liberties
Dehumanization
Diversity
Ethnic penalty
Eugenics
Figleaf
Gender-blind
Heteronormativity
Internalized oppression
Intersectionality
Male privilege
Masculism
Medical model of disability
autism
Multiculturalism
Net bias
Neurodiversity
Oikophobia
Oppression
Police brutality
Political correctness
Polyculturalism
Power distance
Prejudice
Prisoner abuse
Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
Racism by country
Racial color blindness
Religious intolerance
Second-generation gender bias
Snobbery
Social exclusion
Social identity threat
Social model of disability
Social stigma
Speciesism
Stereotype
threat
The talk
White privilege
Category
Commons
vteWestern world and cultureFoundations
Cradle of civilization
Old World
Greco-Roman world
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History
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Modern era
Modernism
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Universal suffrage
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Contemporaryintegration
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|
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For many, the term universal suffrage assumes the exclusion of the young and non-citizens (among others).[1][2][3] At the same time, some insist that more inclusion is needed before suffrage can be truly universal.[4] Democratic theorists, especially those hoping to achieve more universal suffrage, support presumptive inclusion, where the legal system would protect the voting rights of all subjects unless the government can clearly prove that disenfranchisement is necessary.[5] Universal full suffrage includes both the right to vote, also called active suffrage, and the right to be elected, also called passive suffrage.[6]","title":"Universal suffrage"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Election_MG_3455.JPG"},{"link_name":"democratic process","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_process"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hemicycle_of_Louise_Weiss_building_of_the_European_Parliament,_Strasbourg.jpg"},{"link_name":"European Parliament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Caramani-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Caramani-9"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"One person, one vote","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_person,_one_vote"},{"link_name":"U.S. Supreme Court","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"Earl Warren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Warren"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"U.S. Congress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Congress"},{"link_name":"Warren Court","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Court"},{"link_name":"voting rights of all Americans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_rights_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"Civil Rights Act of 1964","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964"},{"link_name":"Voting Rights Act of 1965","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-19"},{"link_name":"suffrage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffrage"},{"link_name":"women's suffrage in the United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"UK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"text":"Voting is an important part of the formal democratic process.The European Parliament is the only international organ elected with universal suffrage (since 1979).In the first modern democracies, governments restricted the vote to those with property and wealth, which almost always meant a minority of the male population.[7] In some jurisdictions, other restrictions existed, such as requiring voters to practice a given religion.[8] In all modern democracies, the number of people who could vote has increased progressively with time.[9][10] The 19th century saw many movements advocating \"universal [male] suffrage\", most notably in Europe and North America.[11][9] Female suffrage was largely ignored until the latter half of the century, when movements began to thrive; the first of these was in New Zealand, in which all adult women of all ethnicities gained the right to vote in 1893.[12] From there, the movement for the idea of universal suffrage which included women's suffrage spread across British colonies . However, voting rights were often limited to those of the dominant ethnicity.[13][14][15]In the United States, after the principle of \"One person, one vote\" was established in the early 1960s by the U.S. Supreme Court under Earl Warren,[16][17] the U.S. Congress, together with the Warren Court, continued to protect and expand the voting rights of all Americans, especially African Americans, through the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965 and several Supreme Court rulings.[18][19] In addition, the term \"suffrage\" is also associated specifically with women's suffrage in the United States; a movement to extend the franchise to women began in the mid-19th century and culminated in 1920,[citation needed] when the United States ratified the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, guaranteeing the right of women to vote.[20] It would be 1928 before voting rights were guaranteed to all women in the UK.[21]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"1793 Jacobin constitution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1793"},{"link_name":"subsequent election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1795_French_Directory_election"},{"link_name":"fall of the Jacobin government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermidorian_Reaction"},{"link_name":"Francophone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francophone"},{"link_name":"Republic of Haiti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Second French Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_French_Republic"},{"link_name":"revolution of 1848","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Caramani-9"},{"link_name":"North German Confederation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_German_Confederation"},{"link_name":"American Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"granted rights of citizens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"suffrage for adult males","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"universal suffrage movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage"},{"link_name":"right to vote to women","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage"},{"link_name":"states","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"Lord Glasgow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Boyle,_7th_Earl_of_Glasgow"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"South Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australia"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"Grand Duchy of Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland"},{"link_name":"the following year","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907_Finnish_parliamentary_election"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-eduskunta.fi-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-web.archive.org-26"},{"link_name":"World War I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:L%C3%A9on_Bienvenu_-_Le_Suffrage_universel.jpg"},{"link_name":"Touchatout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchatout"},{"link_name":"First French Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_French_Republic"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"Constitution of 1869","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1869"},{"link_name":"1848 Revolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848_Revolution"},{"link_name":"German Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Empire"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution"},{"link_name":"Reconstruction era","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_era"},{"link_name":"enslaved","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_United_States"},{"link_name":"American Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"abolition of slavery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution"},{"link_name":"blacks were disfranchised","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disenfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_Era"},{"link_name":"after 1877","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compromise_of_1877"},{"link_name":"poll taxes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poll_taxes_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"literacy tests","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_tests"},{"link_name":"grandfather clauses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandfather_clause"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Davidson-29"},{"link_name":"terrorism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"Voting Rights Act of 1965","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Davidson-29"},{"link_name":"Corsican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsican_Republic"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Nohlen-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"Aboriginal Australians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians"},{"link_name":"citizenship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-citizen_suffrage"},{"link_name":"apartheid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid"},{"link_name":"multi-party elections in 1994","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election"},{"link_name":"Cape Qualified Franchise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Qualified_Franchise"},{"link_name":"separate MPs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloured_vote_constitutional_crisis"},{"link_name":"Tricameral Parliament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricameral_Parliament"},{"link_name":"its proclaimed independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence"},{"link_name":"weighted voting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_voting"}],"sub_title":"In more detail","text":"France, under the 1793 Jacobin constitution, was the first major country to enact suffrage for all adult males, though it was never formally used in practice (the constitution was immediately suspended before being implemented, and the subsequent election occurred in 1795 after the fall of the Jacobin government in 1794 discredited most ideas associated with them, including that constitution). Elsewhere in the Francophone world, the Republic of Haiti legislated for universal male suffrage in 1816.[22] The Second French Republic instituted adult male suffrage after the revolution of 1848.[9]Following the French revolutions, movements in the Western world toward more universal suffrage occurred in the early 19th century, and focused on removing property requirements for voting. In 1867 Germany (the North German Confederation) enacted suffrage for all adult males. In the United States following the American Civil War, slaves were freed and granted rights of citizens, including suffrage for adult males (although several states established restrictions largely, though not completely, diminishing these rights). In the late-19th and early-20th centuries, the focus of the universal suffrage movement came to include the extension of the right to vote to women, as happened from the post-Civil War era in several Western states and during the 1890s in a number of British colonies.On 19 September 1893 the British Governor of New Zealand, Lord Glasgow, gave assent to a new electoral act, which meant that New Zealand became the first British-controlled colony in which women had the right to vote in parliamentary elections.[23] This was followed shortly after by the colony of South Australia in 1894, which was the second to allow women to vote, but the first colony to permit women to stand for election as well.[24] In 1906, the autonomous Russian territory known as Grand Duchy of Finland (which became the Republic of Finland in 1917) became the first territory in the world to implement unrestricted universal suffrage, as women could stand as candidates, unlike in New Zealand, and without indigenous ethnic exclusion, like in Australia. It also lead to the election of the world's first female members of parliament the following year.[25][26] Federal states and colonial or autonomous territories prior to World War I have multiple examples of early introduction of universal suffrage. However, these legal changes were effected with the permission of the British, Russian or other government bodies, which were considered the sovereign nation at the time. For this reason, Australia (1901), New Zealand (1908) and Finland (1917) all have different dates of achieving independent nationhood.Satirical drawing by Touchatout depicting the birth of universal suffrage, \"one of the most sacred rights of Man, born in France on 24 february 1848.\"The First French Republic adopted universal male suffrage briefly in 1792; it was one of the first national systems that abolished all property requirements as a prerequisite for allowing men to register and vote. Greece recognized full male suffrage in 1844.[27] Spain recognized it in the Constitution of 1869 and France and Switzerland have continuously done so since the 1848 Revolution (for resident male citizens). Upon independence in the 19th century, several Latin-American countries and Liberia in Africa initially extended suffrage to all adult males, but subsequently restricted it based on property requirements. The German Empire implemented full male suffrage in 1871.[28]In the United States, the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1870 during the Reconstruction era, provided that \"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.\" This amendment aimed to guarantee the right to vote to African Americans, many of whom had been enslaved in the South prior to the end (1865) of the American Civil War and the 1864–1865 abolition of slavery. Despite the amendment, however, blacks were disfranchised in the former Confederate states after 1877; Southern officials ignored the amendment and blocked black citizens from voting through a variety of devices, including poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses;[29] violence and terrorism were used to intimidate some would-be voters.[30] Southern blacks did not effectively receive the right to vote until the Voting Rights Act of 1965.[29]In 1893 the self-governing colony New Zealand became the first country in the world (except for the short-lived 18th-century Corsican Republic) to grant active universal suffrage by giving women the right to vote. It did not grant universal full suffrage (the right to both vote and be a candidate, or both active and passive suffrage) until 1919.[31]In 1902, the Commonwealth of Australia became the first country to grant full suffrage for women, i.e. the rights both to vote and to run for office.[32] However, Australia did not implement universal suffrage at this time – nationwide voting rights for Aboriginal Australians were not established until 1962, before that varying by state.Many societies in the past have denied or abridged political representation on the basis of race or ethnicity, related to discriminatory ideas about citizenship. For example, in apartheid-era South Africa, non-White people could generally not vote in national elections until the first multi-party elections in 1994. However, a nonracial franchise existed under the Cape Qualified Franchise, which was replaced by a number of separate MPs in 1936 (Blacks) and 1958 (Coloureds). Later, the Tricameral Parliament established separate chambers for Whites, Coloureds and Indians. Rhodesia enacted a similar statute to the former in its proclaimed independence of 1965, which however allowed a smaller number of representatives for the considerably larger Black majority (under its 1961 constitution, the voting classes had been based on socio-economic standards, which marginalized most Black and a few White voters to a separate set of constituencies, under the principle of weighted voting; this was replaced in 1969 by an explicitly racial franchise, with delegated all Blacks to the 'B' voters roll).","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"},{"link_name":"Age of Liberty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Liberty"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"Corsica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsican_Republic"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kulinski-34"},{"link_name":"New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Pitcairn Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands"},{"link_name":"South Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australia"},{"link_name":"in New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Nohlen-31"},{"link_name":"Freedom in the World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_in_the_World"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kulinski-34"},{"link_name":"South Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australia"},{"link_name":"in 1894","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Amendment_(Adult_Suffrage)_Act_1894"},{"link_name":"Grand Principality of Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Finland"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-eduskunta.fi-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-web.archive.org-26"},{"link_name":"elected","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907_Finnish_parliamentary_election"},{"link_name":"Second Spanish Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic"},{"link_name":"passive suffrage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_suffrage"},{"link_name":"Victoria Kent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Kent"},{"link_name":"Clara Campoamor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Campoamor"},{"link_name":"Catholic Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism_in_the_Second_Spanish_Republic"},{"link_name":"women's suffrage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Switzerland"},{"link_name":"Vaud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud"},{"link_name":"Appenzell Innerrhoden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Appenzell-35"}],"text":"In Sweden (including Swedish-ruled Finland), women's suffrage was granted during the Age of Liberty from 1718 until 1772.[33]In Corsica, women's suffrage was granted in 1755 and lasted until 1769.[34]Women's suffrage (with the same property qualifications as for men) was granted in New Jersey in 1776 (the word \"inhabitants\" was used instead of \"men\" in the 1776 Constitution) and rescinded in 1807.The Pitcairn Islands granted restricted women's suffrage in 1838. Various other countries and states granted restricted women's suffrage in the later half of the nineteenth century, starting with South Australia in 1861.The first unrestricted women's suffrage in a major country was granted in New Zealand in 1893.[31] The women's suffrage bill was adopted mere weeks before the general election of 1893. Māori men had been granted suffrage in 1867, white men in 1879. The Freedom in the World index lists New Zealand as the only free country in the world in 1893.[34]South Australia first granted women suffrage and allowed them to stand for parliament in 1894.In 1906, the autonomous Grand Principality of Finland became the first territory to give women full political rights, i.e. both the right to vote and to run for office, and was the second in the world and the first in Europe to give women the right to vote.[25][26] The world's first female members of parliament were elected in Finland the following year, 1907.After the German Revolution of 1918–19, the Weimar Constitution established universal suffrage in 1919 with a minimum voting age of 20.In 1931, the Second Spanish Republic allowed women the right of passive suffrage with three women being elected.During a discussion on extending women's right to active suffrage, the Radical Socialist Victoria Kent confronted the Radical Clara Campoamor. Kent argued that Spanish women were not yet prepared to vote and, since they were too influenced by the Catholic Church, they would vote for right-wing candidates. Campoamor however pleaded for women's rights regardless of political orientation. Her point finally prevailed and, in the election of 1933, the political right won with the vote of citizens of any sex over 23. Both Campoamor and Kent lost their seats.In Switzerland, women's suffrage was introduced at the federal level, by a nationwide (male) referendum in 1971, but the referendum did not give women the right to vote at the local Cantonal level. The Cantons independently voted to grant women the right to vote. The first Canton to give women the right to vote was Vaud in 1959. The last Canton, Appenzell Innerrhoden, had a centuries-old law forbidding women to vote. This was only changed in 1990 when Switzerland's Federal Court ordered the Canton to grant women the right to vote.[35]","title":"Women's suffrage"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"voting age","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_age"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"youth rights movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_rights_movement"},{"link_name":"National Youth Rights Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Youth_Rights_Association"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"suffrage for Americans with disabilities","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffrage_for_Americans_with_disabilities"},{"link_name":"intersectionality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersectionality"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:022-5"}],"text":"The movement to lower the voting age many consider an aspect of universal suffrage[36] that the youth rights movement has helped to lead. Organizations such as the National Youth Rights Association are active in the United States to advocate for a lower voting age, with some success,[37] among other issues related to youth rights. A related movement, suffrage for Americans with disabilities provides important precedents and intersectionality with the movement to extend voting rights to children and youth.[5]","title":"Youth suffrage"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"While many places extend the right to vote in at least some elections to non-citizens living in their community, many people remain unable to vote based on their citizenship status.","title":"Non-citizen suffrage"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sort_both.gif"}],"text":"States have granted and revoked universal suffrage at various times.Note: this chart does not indicate periods of autocratic rule (when voting has little or no power).Adult citizens There are no distinctions between citizens over a certain age in any part of its territories due to gender, literacy, wealth, social status, religion, race, or ethnicity.\nMale is for all males over a certain age in the majority ethnic or sectarian group irrespective of literacy, wealth, or social status.\nFemale is for when all women over a certain age can vote on the same terms as men.\nEthnicity is for when all eligible voters over a certain age can vote on the same terms as the majority or politically dominant group irrespective of religion, race, or ethnicity.Since historically one group or another might have lost suffrage rights only to regain them later on, this table lists the last uninterrupted time from the present a group was granted the right to vote if that group's suffrage has been fully restored.Note: The table can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the icons.","title":"Dates by country"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-ussr_47-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-ussr_47-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-France1945_61-0"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FranceEthnicity_62-0"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-RCRA1829_76-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-RCRA1829_76-1"},{"link_name":"Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Relief_Act_1829"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-RA1832_78-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-RA1832_78-1"},{"link_name":"Reform Act 1832","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_Act_1832"},{"link_name":"[101]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-107"},{"link_name":"Municipal Corporations Act 1835","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_Act_1835"},{"link_name":"ratepayers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratepayer"},{"link_name":"Local Government Act 1894","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1894"},{"link_name":"[102]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-108"},{"link_name":"[103]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-109"},{"link_name":"[104]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-110"},{"link_name":"[105]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HoCL2013-111"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-106"},{"link_name":"local government gerrymandering in Northern Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland#1925_to_1965"},{"link_name":"the Troubles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Troubles"},{"link_name":"[100]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-105"},{"link_name":"suspended the Parliament of Northern Ireland and the post of Governor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(Temporary_Provisions)_Act_1972"},{"link_name":"direct rule","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_rule_(Northern_Ireland)"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-115"},{"link_name":"university constituencies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_constituency"},{"link_name":"parliamentary boroughs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_borough"},{"link_name":"Parliament of Northern Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Northern_Ireland"},{"link_name":"[108]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-114"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-124"},{"link_name":"British Overseas Territories","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories"},{"link_name":"Crown Dependencies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Dependencies"},{"link_name":"[112]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-119"},{"link_name":"[113]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-120"},{"link_name":"[114]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-121"},{"link_name":"[115]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-122"},{"link_name":"[116]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-123"},{"link_name":"British nationality law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_nationality_law"},{"link_name":"1968","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Immigration_Act_1968"},{"link_name":"1971","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_Act_1971"},{"link_name":"British Nationality Act 1981","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-VRA1965_125-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-VRA1965_125-1"},{"link_name":"Fifteenth Amendment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution"},{"link_name":"19th Amendment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution"},{"link_name":"Voting Rights Act of 1965","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965"},{"link_name":"Southern states legalized disenfranchisement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disenfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_Era"},{"link_name":"Jim Crow laws","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws"},{"link_name":"Supreme Court","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"Indian Citizenship Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Citizenship_Act"},{"link_name":"Magnuson Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnuson_Act"},{"link_name":"Voting Rights Act of 1965","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-128"},{"link_name":"1828 presidential election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election"},{"link_name":"Fourteenth Amendment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution"},{"link_name":"House of Representatives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives"},{"link_name":"three-fifths compromise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-fifths_compromise"},{"link_name":"[117]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Scher2015-126"},{"link_name":"[118]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NHLTS2009-127"},{"link_name":"Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper_v._Virginia_Board_of_Elections"},{"link_name":"Equal Protection Clause","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-129"},{"link_name":"19th Amendment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution"},{"link_name":"[117]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Scher2015-126"},{"link_name":"[118]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NHLTS2009-127"},{"link_name":"Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper_v._Virginia_Board_of_Elections"},{"link_name":"Equal Protection Clause","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause"}],"text":"^ a b While the USSR was not formally founded until 1922, a group of socialist republics under the influence of Soviet Russia existed for several years before that.\n\n^ Over the years suffrage increased and decreased based on the introduction, repeal and reintroduction of various degrees of universal, property and census-based suffrage. Universal male suffrage was given in 1848 and in 1944 women had equal universal suffrage rights to men. The military obtained the right to vote in 1945.\n\n^ In 1792, the Convention assembly was elected by all French males 21 and over regardless of one's ethnicity. While not an ethnicity, those serving in the military obtained the right to vote in 1945.\n\n^ a b the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 reflects eligibility for office, not the eligibility to vote.\n\n^ a b Until the Reform Act 1832 specified 'male persons', a few women had been able to vote in parliamentary elections through property ownership, although this was rare.[101] In local government elections, women lost the right to vote under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. Unmarried women ratepayers received the right to vote in the Municipal Franchise Act 1869. This right was confirmed in the Local Government Act 1894 and extended to include some married women.[102][103][104] By 1900, over 1 million women were registered for local government elections in England.[105]\n\n^ While local government gerrymandering in Northern Ireland was one of the factors which led to the Troubles,[100] parliamentary elections still took place for all British citizens. In 1972 the British Parliament was unwilling to grant the mostly Protestant unionist Northern Ireland government more authoritarian special powers since it was now convinced of its inability to restore order. So they suspended the Parliament of Northern Ireland and the post of Governor and made provision for direct rule by the elected government of the United Kingdom.\n\n^ Graduates of universities lost the right to vote in university constituencies as well as parliamentary boroughs and property owners lost the right to vote both in the constituency where their property lay and that in which they lived, if the two were different. For elections to the Parliament of Northern Ireland, these changes were made under the Electoral Law Act 1968.[108]\n\n^ Most of the British Overseas Territories and all of the Crown Dependencies have a local representative government, although ultimate authority still resides in Westminster. Legislation has been proposed in past to create parliamentary districts for the British Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies, though as of 2020 no bill has been put forward by the British government[112][113][114][115][116] British nationality law has changed over the years has redefined who has the birthright to live and work in the UK. In 1968 and 1971, as a result of fears about increasing immigration by non-white British citizens, the UK Government introduced immigration restrictions and stripped birthrights on British subjects from some British Overseas Territories. The current principal British nationality law in force, since 1 January 1983, is the British Nationality Act 1981, which established the system of multiple categories of British nationality.\n\n^ a b While constitutionally given the right to vote by the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870 and 19th Amendment in 1920, the reality of the country was such that most African Americans and some poor whites could not vote until the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.\n\nStarting in 1888 Southern states legalized disenfranchisement by enacting Jim Crow laws; they amended their constitutions and passed legislation to impose various voting restrictions, including literacy tests, poll taxes, property-ownership requirements, moral character tests, requirements that applicants interpret a particular document, and grandfather clauses that allowed otherwise-ineligible persons to vote if their grandfathers voted (which excluded many African Americans whose grandfathers had been ineligible). During this period, the Supreme Court generally upheld state efforts to discriminate against racial minorities. In Giles v. Harris (1903), the Court held that irrespective of the Fifteenth Amendment, the judiciary did not have the remedial power to force states to register racial minorities to vote. The Indian Citizenship Act in 1924 gave Native Americans the right to vote and officially recognized them as citizens, nearly two-thirds of whom already had citizenship and the right to vote. In 1943 Chinese immigrants were given the right to citizenship and the right to vote by the Magnuson Act. African Americans and others gained full enfranchisement through passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.\n\n^ The 1828 presidential election was the first in which non-property-holding white males could vote in the vast majority of states, but this was not consistent across the country until the last state, North Carolina, abolished property qualification in 1856 resulting in a close approximation to universal white male suffrage (however tax-paying requirements remained in five states in 1860 and survived in two states until the 20th century). The Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 altered the way each state is represented in the House of Representatives. It counted all residents for apportionment including slaves, overriding the three-fifths compromise, and reduced a state's apportionment if it wrongfully denied males over the age of 21 the right to vote; however, this was not enforced in practice. Some poor white men remained excluded at least until 1965.[117][118] For state elections, it was not until the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6–3 in Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections (1966) that all state poll taxes were unconstitutional as violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This removed a burden on the poor.\n\n^ 19th Amendment in 1920 prohibited any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex, but most African-American women some poor white women remained excluded at least until 1965.[117][118] For state elections, it was not until the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6–3 in Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections (1966) that all state poll taxes were unconstitutional as violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This removed a burden on the poor.","title":"Notes"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Duong, Kevin (2020). \"What Was Universal Suffrage?\". Theory & Event. 23 (1): 29–65.","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"image_text":"Voting is an important part of the formal democratic process.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Election_MG_3455.JPG/220px-Election_MG_3455.JPG"},{"image_text":"The European Parliament is the only international organ elected with universal suffrage (since 1979).","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hemicycle_of_Louise_Weiss_building_of_the_European_Parliament%2C_Strasbourg.jpg/220px-Hemicycle_of_Louise_Weiss_building_of_the_European_Parliament%2C_Strasbourg.jpg"},{"image_text":"Satirical drawing by Touchatout depicting the birth of universal suffrage, \"one of the most sacred rights of Man, born in France on 24 february 1848.\"","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/L%C3%A9on_Bienvenu_-_Le_Suffrage_universel.jpg/220px-L%C3%A9on_Bienvenu_-_Le_Suffrage_universel.jpg"},{}]
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[{"title":"Democracy Index","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_Index"},{"title":"Equality before the law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_before_the_law"},{"title":"List of suffragists and suffragettes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suffragists_and_suffragettes"},{"title":"List of women's rights activists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_women%27s_rights_activists"},{"title":"One man, one vote","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_man,_one_vote"},{"title":"One person, one vote","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_person,_one_vote"},{"title":"Suffrage for Americans with disabilities","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffrage_for_Americans_with_disabilities"},{"title":"Suffragette","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffragette"},{"title":"Timeline of women's suffrage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage"},{"title":"Umbrella Movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella_Movement"},{"title":"2014 Hong Kong protests","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Hong_Kong_protests"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Universal suffrage definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary\". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 1 February 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/universal-suffrage","url_text":"\"Universal suffrage definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary\""}]},{"reference":"\"Definition of UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE\". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 18 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/universal+suffrage","url_text":"\"Definition of UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE\""}]},{"reference":"\"Suffrage\". Britannica. Retrieved 18 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.britannica.com/topic/suffrage","url_text":"\"Suffrage\""}]},{"reference":"Rosenfeld, Sophia (3 January 2023). \"Has the United States Ever Been a Democracy?\". ISSN 0027-8378. 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Admittedly the voting, held in the spring of 2005, was only for local, virtually powerless municipal councils -- and then for only half the seats on those; women were not allowed to stand for office or to vote. But the male electorate got the change to eat large quantities of mutton for three weeks since Saudi electioneering proved to revolve around lamb and tents ... the candidate held court, inviting voters inside [their tents] and plying them with mountains of rice and whole roasted sheep.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/insidekingdomkin00lace_0","url_text":"Inside the Kingdom: Kings, Clerics, Modernists, Terrorists, and the Struggle for Saudi Arabia"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/insidekingdomkin00lace_0/page/267","url_text":"267"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670021185","url_text":"9780670021185"}]},{"reference":"Photograph Tasneem Alsultan, National Geographic (12 December 2015). \"In a Historic Election, Saudi Women Cast First-Ever Ballots\". 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ISBN 9780618990948","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=VQ_iZMofnl0C&pg=PA207","url_text":"The challenge of democracy: government in America"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780618990948","url_text":"9780618990948"}]},{"reference":"Murrin, John M.; Johnson, Paul E.; McPherson, James M.; Fahs, Alice; Gerstle, Gary (2012). Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People (6th ed.). Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. p. 296. ISBN 9780495904991.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=FGSQOiy6uZUC&pg=PT337","url_text":"Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780495904991","url_text":"9780495904991"}]},{"reference":"Stanley L. Engerman; Kenneth L. Sokoloff (February 2005). \"The Evolution of Suffrage Institutions in the New World\" (PDF). Yale University. pp. 16, 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2016. By 1840, only three states retained a property qualification, North Carolina (for some state-wide offices only), Rhode Island, and Virginia. In 1856 North Carolina was the last state to end the practice. Tax-paying qualifications were also gone in all but a few states by the Civil War, but they survived into the 20th century in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102314/http://economics.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Workshops-Seminars/Economic-History/sokoloff-050406.pdf","url_text":"\"The Evolution of Suffrage Institutions in the New World\""},{"url":"http://economics.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Workshops-Seminars/Economic-History/sokoloff-050406.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Voting Rights\". Infoplease. 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Retrieved 24 September 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/21/nyregion/one-man-one-vote-decades-of-court-decisions.html","url_text":"\"One Man, One Vote: Decades of Court Decisions\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"}]}]
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reforms"},{"Link":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5036602.stm","external_links_name":"Finnish centennial celebration"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121940473","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121940473","external_links_name":"BnF data"},{"Link":"https://www.idref.fr/03054713X","external_links_name":"IdRef"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Chennai
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List of tourist attractions in Chennai
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["1 Tourist arrival statistics","2 Attractions","2.1 Beaches","2.2 Museums","2.3 Historical Monuments","2.4 Historic Government Buildings","2.5 Wildlife","2.6 Nature","2.7 Art and Crafts","2.8 Places of Worship","2.9 Shopping","2.10 Entertainment","3 Gallery","4 See also","5 References","6 External links"]
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Marina Beach as seen from Light house
Chennai is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. With its historic landmarks and buildings, long sandy beaches, cultural and art centers and parks, Chennai's tourism offers many potentially interesting locations to visitors. A notable tourist attraction in Chennai is in the neighbouring town of Mahabalipuram, with its ancient temples and rock carvings of the 7th century Pallava kingdom is an UNESCO World Heritage site.
Chennai was ranked 9th in travel guide Lonely Planet's 2015 top 10 cities ranking.
Tourist arrival statistics
Mahabalipuram Shore Temple is a major tourist attraction
Bharatanatyam dance
Chennai had been the most visited city in India by foreign tourists consecutively from 2010
to 2012, overtaking New Delhi and Mumbai with visitors to heritage sites in Kanchipuram and Mahabalipuram and medical tourists making up the largest numbers.
In 2011, Chennai was ranked 41st in global top 100 city destination ranking, with 3,174,500 tourists, a 14 percent increase from 2010, This is up from 2,059,900 tourists in 2009, when Chennai was the third most visited city in India by foreigners ranked after Delhi and Mumbai. Tourists from United States, UK, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Singapore had visited the city in 2007. In 2012, Chennai served 3,535,200 foreign tourists ranking as 38th most visited city in the world and most visited city in India.
In 2013, Delhi and Mumbai overtook Chennai in terms of number of foreign visitors due to their considerably higher growth rates. Chennai attracted 3,581,200 foreign tourists that year with a growth rate of only 1.1 percent over 2012. Chennai continued to remain the third most visited city destination of India by foreigners in 2014 and 2015 with 3,857,900 and 4,243,700 tourists respectively. The city was 43rd most visited city in the world for year 2015 and recorded growth of 10 percent in arrivals over 2014.
As of 2012, the city has 21 luxury hotels in the five-star category, with over 4,500 rooms in the inventory. As of 2018, the collective luxury room inventory across four and five-star categories is around 7,000. About 85 percent of the room demand in Chennai comes from business travellers. Demand in the CBD area comes mainly from BFSI and PSU companies, while the demand in the southern side of the city (Old Mahabalipuram Road) comes from IT/ITeS companies. Proximity to electronics and the auto industry players in and around the Sriperumbudur area in the west side of the city creates demand for hotels near the Chennai airport area among business travellers.
Arrival Percentage From Different Countries to Chennai
Country
Arrival percentage
Bangladesh
16.61
US
12.59
UK
10.57
Malaysia
3.41
Sri Lanka
5.92
Japan
2.75
Australia
2.40
Canada
2.63
Germany
2.57
China
2.77
Nepal
1.95
Singapore
1.91
France
2.54
UAE
1.68
Oman
2.19
Attractions
Beaches
Marina Beach is a 13-km-long urban beach along the Bay of Bengal that runs from Fort St. George in the north up to Foreshore Estate in the south. It is India's longest beach and one of the world's longest beaches and attracts around 50,000 visitors during weekends. Attractions at the Marina include the Chennai Lighthouse, MGR Memorial, Anna Memorial and Jayalalitha Memorial. The Marina's 6 km promenade includes statues of several historical figures including Mahatma Gandhi, Annie Besant, Robert Caldwell, Thiruvalluvar, Bharathiyar and Kamrajar.MGR Samadhi in Marina Beach
Elliot's Beach, also known as Besant Nagar beach begins where the Marina ends. The beach is famous for its calm atmosphere and is preferable among morning walkers. The iconic Karl Schmidt memorial, named after the Dutch sailor who lost his life in the process of saving others from drowning is located at the heart of Elliot's beach.
Blue Flag Beach
Museums
Government Museum, Egmore Established in 1851, the museum consisting of six buildings and 46 galleries covers an area of around 16.25 acres (66,000 m2) of land. The objects displayed in the museum cover a variety of artifacts and objects covering diverse fields including archeology, numismatics, zoology, natural history, sculptures, palm-leaf manuscripts and Amravati paintings. The Government Museum Complex in Egmore also houses the Connemara Public Library and the National Art Gallery. Connemara Public Library is one of the four National Depository libraries which receive a copy of all books, newspapers and periodicals published in India. The National Art Gallery building is one of the finest Indo-sarcenic type of architectures in the country.Chennai Rail Museum
Chennai Rail Museum a railway museum in Perambur which has a rich rail heritage of India with the host of both technical and heritage exhibits with a sizable collection of steam engines belonging to various decades of the British Raj. The museum was opened on 16 April 2002 and located on 6.25 acres on the premises Integral Coach Factory near Villivakkam. Most of the older models were manufactured by the North British Locomotive Company and some of the collection dates back more than one hundred years as it covers the railway history of South India. A toy train offers rides around the premises on regular days. Museum remains open from 10.00 am to 6.00 pm (Last entry 5.30 pm) Tuesday to Sunday and remains closed on every Monday and National Holidays. The Indoor Art Gallery is now fully renovated and opened to the public.
Birla Planetarium, a modern planetarium that provides a virtual tour of the night sky and holding cosmic shows on a specially perforated hemispherical aluminium inner dome. It is located inside the Periyar Science and Technology Centre campus at Kotturpuram which has 8 galleries showcasing over 500 exhibits. The planetarium conducts sky shows including Solar System, eclipses, Earth, Man on Moon, comets, shooting meteoroids, stellar cycle and the deep sky every day at different times in both English and Tamil. The planetarium's 360-degree sky theatre is the first of its kind in India. The planetarium organises a special show on every second Saturday of the month to view the night sky from 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm.
Historical Monuments
Vivekanandar Illam or Vivekananda house is remembered as the place where Swami Vivekananda stayed for nine days when he visited Chennai (then Madras) in 1897. Vivekananda House now houses a permanent exhibition on Indian Culture. Located on the busy Kamrajar Salai along the Marina Beach, it has become an important spiritual tourist attraction in the city.Valluvar Kottam
Valluvar Kottam is a popular monument in Chennai, dedicated to the classical Tamil poet, philosopher, and saint, Thiruvalluvar who wrote his famous Thirukkural some 2,000 years ago. All 133 chapters and 1330 verses of the Thirukkural are inscribed on bas-relief in the front hall's corridors. A life-size statue of Thiruvalluvar has been installed in the 39 m high chariot.St.Mary's Church inside Fort St.George
Historic Government Buildings
Fort St. George is the name of the first British fortress in India, founded in 1639 at the coastal city of Madras. The fort is a stronghold with 6-meter-high (20 ft) walls that withstood a number of assaults in the 18th century. It is a feasible contention to say that the city evolved around the fortress. The fort currently houses the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly and other official buildings. The Fort Museum contains many relics of the Raj, including portraits of many of the Governors. Other monuments present inside the fort are St. Mary's Church, the oldest Anglican church in India, and Wellesley House, which holds the paintings of the Governor of the Fort and other high officials of the Regime.
Ripon Building, commissioned in 1913 and named after Lord Ripon, Governor General of India and father of local self-government. It is the headquarters of the city's municipal body Greater Chennai Corporation, the world's 2nd oldest municipal corporation after the City of London Corporation. The building is a fine example of the Neoclassical style of architecture, a combination of, Ionic and Corinthian. The Ripon Building is an all-white structure and is located near the iconic Chennai Central railway station.
Victoria Public Hall, or the Town Hall, is a historical building located in between the Ripon Building and the Chennai Central Railway Station and is seen as one of the finest examples of British architecture in Chennai. Built in 1888 as a town hall for the city of Madras and named after Queen Victoria to commemorate the golden jubilee.
Wildlife
Black Buck at Guindy National Park
Arignar Anna Zoological Park (better known as Vandalur Zoo) is located south-west of the city. Covering an area of 1490 acres, it is India's largest zoo. It has about 2200 animals belonging to 170 different species including of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. The zoo also has a lion safari, an elephant safari, a nocturnal animal house, walk-through aviary, butterfly house, reptile house and a crocodile enclosure. The park has tree-lined paved paths for long treks inside the campus, enabling the visitors to walk 15 to 20 kilometres (9.3 to 12.4 mi) during a visit. Battery-operated vehicles with a range of up to 80 kilometres (50 miles) are available for rent.
Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, located south of the city, along the East Coast Road, is an important centre for herpetological research. It houses several fresh-water and salt-water crocodiles, alligators, gharials, turtles and snakes. Founded by Romulus Whitaker in 1976, the CrocBank now has a total of 2,483 animals, including 14 species of crocodiles, 10 species of turtles, 3 species of snakes, and 1 species of lizard. The bank is home to 14 species of the 23 crocodilian species living across the world, two of which are listed by the IUCN as critically endangered and three more as threatened.
Guindy National Park, carved as a garden space from the Guindy Forest in 1670 and later established as a park in 1976, it is one of the country's smallest National Park with an area of 2.76 km2 and is located completely inside the city. It hosts a variety of endangered deer, foxes, monkeys and snakes. The Guindy Snake Park situated in the National Park has a large collection of snakes and is an important source of antivenom serum. For ex-situ conservation, about 22 acres (8.9 hectares) of the Guindy National Park has been carved out into a park which is known as the Children's Park and play area at the northeast corner of the national park with a collection of animals and birds.
Pallikaranai Marshland Park
Nature
Adyar Eco Park, locally known as Tholkappia Poonga is an ecological park set up in the Adyar estuary area to restore the vegetation of the freshwater eco-systems of the Coromandel Coast, especially the fragile ecosystem of the Adyar estuary and creek. A total of 143 species of fish, amphibians, birds and reptiles have been seen in the park and the number is expected to go up to 200. More than 85 different kinds of birds, including rare black bittern, cinnamon bittern, black-winged kite, white-bellied sea eagle, pied kingfisher, yellow wagtails and black-winged stilt have been spotted by ornithologists in the green expanse.
Chetpet Lake, also known as Chetpet Eco Park is a lake spread over 15 acres and is the only lake in the centre of the city. The lake became a tourist attraction from 2014 after it underwent a remarkable transformation from being a heavily encroached filthy lake to having clean water with facilities for boating, angling, water sports and beautifully surrounded by a park.
The Huddleston Gardens of Theosophical Society is the garden that lies on the south bank of the Adyar River where the river meets the Bay of Bengal and covers 260 acres. The garden is located inside the Adyar Theosophical society which is the headquarters of the Theosophical Society which was an organization formed in 1875 to advance Theosophy. The garden also has a 450-year-old banyan tree, which was known locally as Adyar aala maram, whose aerial roots covered some 60,000 sq m. and is situated in the middle of the Theosophical Society Campus. One of the largest banyan trees in the world, it continues to miraculously survive and even thrive despite severe storm damage to its main trunk in 1989.
Art and Crafts
DakshinaChitra is a living history museum run by the Chennai Craft Foundation, is a depiction of the way of life prevalent in 5 south Indian states collectively called as South India with exhibitions and workshops of the arts and crafts and performing artists of South India. There are around 4,220 artefacts on display; 3,200 are art-related, and 70 pertain to contemporary subjects.
Kalakshetra, a centre for the revival of Indian art and crafts — especially the dance form of Bharatnatyam is located in Besant Nagar. Founded in January 1936 by Rukmini Devi Arundale, the institution achieved national and international recognition for its unique style and perfectionism.
Cholamandalam Artists' Village, on the East Coast Road, offers a view of artists and sculptors at work in their own studios and permanent gallery.
Places of Worship
Kapaleeshwarar temple in Mylapore
Kapaleeshwarar temple in Mylapore estimated to have been built in the 7th century by the Pallavas and has inscriptions dating back to 12th century is one of the most visited worship places by tourists visiting the city.
Parthasarathy Temple in Triplicane, an 8th-century Hindu Vaishnavite temple dedicated to the god Krishna. The temple is one of the oldest structures in Chennai.
St. Thomas Mount, the site where St. Thomas, one of the disciples of Jesus Christ, was believed to have been martyred. A shrine dedicated to "Our Lady of Expectation" (Mother Mary) was built in 1523 on top of the mount.
Santhome Basilica is a Roman Catholic minor basilica in Santhome. It was built in the 16th century by Portuguese explorers, over the tomb of Saint Thomas. This church is one of the only three known churches in the world built over the tomb of an Apostle of Jesus, the other two are located in Vatican City and Spain.
Armenian Church of Virgin Mary, is located on the Armenian Street in Parrys. Constructed in 1712, it is one of the oldest churches of the Indian subcontinent and is famous for its belfry of six.
St. Mary's Church located at Fort St George, is the oldest Anglican church East of Suez and also the oldest British building in India. The church is popularly known as the 'Westminster Abbey of the East'.
Thousand Lights Mosque, a multi-domed mosque opened in 1810 and spread over an area of 3 acres, it is one of the largest mosques in India and is situated on Anna Salai Road. It is said that 1000 lights needed to be lit in order to illuminate the assembly hall and hence it was named Thousand Lights Mosque. It is also believed that the lights were lit by the Indian National Congress to mark their first visit to Madras.
Triplicane Big Mosque, constructed in the Mughal architectural style, the mosque was built in 1795 by the family of Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah, the Nawab of Arcot. It is considered as the largest mosque in the city of Chennai.
Shopping
Spencer Plaza is one of the oldest and largest shopping malls in Chennai.
Chennai has some unique places to offer for shopping. Art and crafts, contemporary and traditional artwork, antiques, jewellery are available in the city. Traditional items like the leaf and palmyra-fiber handicrafts from Tirunelveli, bronze and brass castings and traditional jewellery from Kumbakonam, metal works from Thanjavur, stone carvings from Mahabalipuram, silks from Kanchipuram are for sale in shops and boutiques.
T. Nagar, the neighbourhood is the shopping hub of the city. Two main areas are Pondy Bazaar and Ranganathan Street which are home to several multi-storey stores, unique to Chennai, which deals mainly in textiles and silks or gold, silver and diamond jewellery.
George Town and Parrys Corner are wholesale markets of the city where one can purchase almost anything.
Mint Street plays host to communities from Rajasthan and Gujarat and is where north Indian snacks can be sampled along with textiles, kitchenware, and jewellery.
Burma Bazaar is famous for its counterfeit electronic goods and media.
Moore Market in Central is known for its large number of bookstores.
The city also has a number of shopping malls spread across the landscape including the oldest Spencer Plaza and several other modern malls that include Express Avenue, Phoenix Market City, Forum Vijaya Mall, Ampa Skywalk, Abirami Mega Mall, Mayajaal, Spectrum Mall.
Entertainment
There are four large amusement parks, MGM Dizzee World, VGP Universal Kingdom, Queen's Land near Poonnamalle and Kishkinta Located near Mudichur in Chennai. The city also houses a paintball centre and water sports club on the east coast road. There are also a large number of beach resorts all along the East Coast Road highway to Mahabalipuram. The city is home to the Tamil movie industry, has over 100+ large cinema theatres including a few multiplexes which screen Tamil, English, Hindi, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam films. The city has a large number of restaurants offering a variety of Tamil, Indian and international cuisines. The nightlife in Chennai is vibrant and growing ranging from bars to pool parlours to lounges and clubs.
Gallery
Santhome Basilica
Interior of Santhome Basilica
Chettinad Palace
Chennai viewed from St. Thomas Mount
War Memorial
Schmidt memorial at Elliot's beach
Government Museum at Egmore
Valluvar Kottam
Aringar Anna Zoolological Park in Vandalur
The Victoria Public Hall
See also
India portal
Hotels in Chennai
References
^ "Chennai in Lonely Planet 2015 list of top 10 cities to visit". The Economic Times. 22 October 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^ "Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2010". Euromonitor International. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
^ "Chennai High: City gets most foreign tourists". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
^ a b "Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2012". Euromonitor International. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
^ "Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2011". Euromonitor International. 21 January 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
^ "Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2009". Euromonitor International. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
^ http://www.timeofindia.com Times of India, 2 June 2008
^ "Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2013". Euromonitor International. 27 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
^ Bremner, Caroline. "Top 100 City Destinations Ranking 2014" (PDF). Euromonitor International. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
^ a b Bremner, Caroline. "Top 100 City Destinations Ranking 2015" (PDF). Euromonitor International. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
^ Thomas, Liffy; Deepa H. Ramakrishnan (1 June 2012). "New hotels beckon the business class". The Hindu. Chennai. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
^ Chandramouli, Rajesh (27 April 2018). "Hotels full as Chennai turns into wedding destination". The Times of India. Chennai. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
^ Siva Prasanna Kumar, J. V. (29 April 2019). "Chennai emerges top among Indian cities in hotel room addition". Deccan Chronicle. Chennai. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
^ "Arrival Percentage from Different Countries to Chennai" (PDF). Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
^ Roberts, J: "History of the World.". Penguin, 1994.
^ "Bharatanatyam". Tamilnadu.com. 27 October 2012. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
^ "St. Thomas in India". indianchristianity.org. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^ "Chennai Cinema Theatres". lifeinchennai.com. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
^ "Chennai Hotels and Restaurants". lifeinchennai.com. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
^ "Chennai Pubs and Discs (Discotheques) - Entertainment". lifeinchennai.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
External links
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Chennai.
Places to visit in Chennai
Oneday Trip Around Chennai
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Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation
Telangana State Tourism Development Corporation
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See also
Incredible India
Atithi Devo Bhava
Namaste
Indianisation
Indosphere
Sanskritisation
Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava
Indian diaspora
Visa policy of India
Category
Commons
vteChennaiHistoryEarly history (pre-1500)
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[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marina_Beach_as_seen_from_Light_house..JPG"},{"link_name":"Chennai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai"},{"link_name":"Indian state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India"},{"link_name":"Tamil Nadu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu"},{"link_name":"Mahabalipuram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabalipuram"},{"link_name":"Pallava","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallava"},{"link_name":"UNESCO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO"},{"link_name":"World Heritage site","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site"},{"link_name":"Lonely Planet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonely_Planet"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Marina Beach as seen from Light houseChennai is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. With its historic landmarks and buildings, long sandy beaches, cultural and art centers and parks, Chennai's tourism offers many potentially interesting locations to visitors. A notable tourist attraction in Chennai is in the neighbouring town of Mahabalipuram, with its ancient temples and rock carvings of the 7th century Pallava kingdom is an UNESCO World Heritage site.Chennai was ranked 9th in travel guide Lonely Planet's 2015 top 10 cities ranking.[1]","title":"List of tourist attractions in Chennai"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:01MahabalipuramShoreTemple.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yoga-5.png"},{"link_name":"Chennai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-data10-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-data12-4"},{"link_name":"New Delhi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi"},{"link_name":"Mumbai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai"},{"link_name":"Kanchipuram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanchipuram"},{"link_name":"Mahabalipuram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabalipuram"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EuroMonitor_Top100CitiesDestination-5"},{"link_name":"Delhi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi"},{"link_name":"Mumbai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-data09-6"},{"link_name":"Sri Lanka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka"},{"link_name":"Malaysia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia"},{"link_name":"Singapore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"failed verification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-data12-4"},{"link_name":"Delhi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi"},{"link_name":"Mumbai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CA-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-data15-10"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-data15-10"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Chennai&action=edit"},{"link_name":"luxury hotels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hotels_in_Chennai"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NewHotelsBeckon-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"BFSI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BFSI"},{"link_name":"PSU","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_sector_undertakings"},{"link_name":"IT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology"},{"link_name":"ITeS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outsourcing"},{"link_name":"Sriperumbudur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sriperumbudur"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ChennaiEmergesTop-13"}],"text":"Mahabalipuram Shore Temple is a major tourist attractionBharatanatyam danceChennai had been the most visited city in India by foreign tourists consecutively from 2010[2]\nto 2012,[3][4] overtaking New Delhi and Mumbai with visitors to heritage sites in Kanchipuram and Mahabalipuram and medical tourists making up the largest numbers.In 2011, Chennai was ranked 41st in global top 100 city destination ranking, with 3,174,500 tourists, a 14 percent increase from 2010,[5] This is up from 2,059,900 tourists in 2009, when Chennai was the third most visited city in India by foreigners ranked after Delhi and Mumbai.[6] Tourists from United States, UK, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Singapore had visited the city in 2007.[7][failed verification] In 2012, Chennai served 3,535,200 foreign tourists ranking as 38th most visited city in the world and most visited city in India.[4]In 2013, Delhi and Mumbai overtook Chennai in terms of number of foreign visitors due to their considerably higher growth rates. Chennai attracted 3,581,200 foreign tourists that year with a growth rate of only 1.1 percent over 2012.[8] Chennai continued to remain the third most visited city destination of India by foreigners in 2014[9] and 2015[10] with 3,857,900 and 4,243,700 tourists respectively. The city was 43rd most visited city in the world for year 2015 and recorded growth of 10 percent in arrivals over 2014.[10]As of 2012[update], the city has 21 luxury hotels in the five-star category, with over 4,500 rooms in the inventory.[11] As of 2018, the collective luxury room inventory across four and five-star categories is around 7,000.[12] About 85 percent of the room demand in Chennai comes from business travellers. Demand in the CBD area comes mainly from BFSI and PSU companies, while the demand in the southern side of the city (Old Mahabalipuram Road) comes from IT/ITeS companies. Proximity to electronics and the auto industry players in and around the Sriperumbudur area in the west side of the city creates demand for hotels near the Chennai airport area among business travellers.[13]","title":"Tourist arrival statistics"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Marina Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Beach"},{"link_name":"Bay of Bengal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal"},{"link_name":"Fort St. George","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_St._George"},{"link_name":"Foreshore Estate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreshore_Estate"},{"link_name":"Chennai Lighthouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthouse,_Chennai"},{"link_name":"MGR Memorial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGR_Memorial"},{"link_name":"Anna Memorial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Memorial"},{"link_name":"Mahatma Gandhi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi"},{"link_name":"Annie Besant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Besant"},{"link_name":"Robert Caldwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Caldwell"},{"link_name":"Thiruvalluvar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvalluvar"},{"link_name":"Bharathiyar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramania_Bharati"},{"link_name":"Kamrajar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._Kamaraj"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MGR_Memorial_9_December_2007.jpg"},{"link_name":"Elliot's Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Elliot%27s_Beach"},{"link_name":"Blue Flag Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Flag_Beach"}],"sub_title":"Beaches","text":"Marina Beach is a 13-km-long urban beach along the Bay of Bengal that runs from Fort St. George in the north up to Foreshore Estate in the south. It is India's longest beach and one of the world's longest beaches and attracts around 50,000 visitors during weekends. Attractions at the Marina include the Chennai Lighthouse, MGR Memorial, Anna Memorial and Jayalalitha Memorial. The Marina's 6 km promenade includes statues of several historical figures including Mahatma Gandhi, Annie Besant, Robert Caldwell, Thiruvalluvar, Bharathiyar and Kamrajar.MGR Samadhi in Marina Beach\nElliot's Beach, also known as Besant Nagar beach begins where the Marina ends. The beach is famous for its calm atmosphere and is preferable among morning walkers. The iconic Karl Schmidt memorial, named after the Dutch sailor who lost his life in the process of saving others from drowning is located at the heart of Elliot's beach.\nBlue Flag Beach","title":"Attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Government Museum, Egmore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Museum,_Chennai"},{"link_name":"archeology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeology"},{"link_name":"numismatics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numismatics"},{"link_name":"zoology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoology"},{"link_name":"natural history","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_history"},{"link_name":"sculptures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculptures"},{"link_name":"manuscripts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuscript"},{"link_name":"Amravati","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amravati"},{"link_name":"Egmore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egmore"},{"link_name":"Connemara Public Library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connemara_Public_Library"},{"link_name":"libraries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chennai_Rail_Museum_Fowler_Ploughing_Engine.jpg"},{"link_name":"Chennai Rail Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Railway_Museum,_Chennai"},{"link_name":"Chennai Rail Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Railway_Museum,_Chennai"},{"link_name":"railway museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_museum"},{"link_name":"India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"steam engines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_engines"},{"link_name":"British Raj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj"},{"link_name":"Integral Coach Factory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_Coach_Factory"},{"link_name":"Villivakkam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villivakkam"},{"link_name":"North British Locomotive Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_British_Locomotive_Company"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Railway_Museum,_Chennai#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Railway_Museum,_Chennai#cite_note-chug-2"},{"link_name":"Birla Planetarium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birla_Planetarium,_Chennai"},{"link_name":"aluminium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium"},{"link_name":"Solar System","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System"},{"link_name":"eclipses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipses"},{"link_name":"Earth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth"},{"link_name":"Man on Moon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_landing"},{"link_name":"comets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comets"},{"link_name":"shooting meteoroids","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroids"},{"link_name":"stellar cycle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_evolution"},{"link_name":"deep sky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_sky"}],"sub_title":"Museums","text":"Government Museum, Egmore Established in 1851, the museum consisting of six buildings and 46 galleries covers an area of around 16.25 acres (66,000 m2) of land. The objects displayed in the museum cover a variety of artifacts and objects covering diverse fields including archeology, numismatics, zoology, natural history, sculptures, palm-leaf manuscripts and Amravati paintings. The Government Museum Complex in Egmore also houses the Connemara Public Library and the National Art Gallery. Connemara Public Library is one of the four National Depository libraries which receive a copy of all books, newspapers and periodicals published in India. The National Art Gallery building is one of the finest Indo-sarcenic type of architectures in the country.Chennai Rail Museum\nChennai Rail Museum a railway museum in Perambur which has a rich rail heritage of India with the host of both technical and heritage exhibits with a sizable collection of steam engines belonging to various decades of the British Raj. The museum was opened on 16 April 2002 and located on 6.25 acres on the premises Integral Coach Factory near Villivakkam. Most of the older models were manufactured by the North British Locomotive Company[1] and some of the collection dates back more than one hundred years as it covers the railway history of South India.[2] A toy train offers rides around the premises on regular days. Museum remains open from 10.00 am to 6.00 pm (Last entry 5.30 pm) Tuesday to Sunday and remains closed on every Monday and National Holidays. The Indoor Art Gallery is now fully renovated and opened to the public.\nBirla Planetarium, a modern planetarium that provides a virtual tour of the night sky and holding cosmic shows on a specially perforated hemispherical aluminium inner dome. It is located inside the Periyar Science and Technology Centre campus at Kotturpuram which has 8 galleries showcasing over 500 exhibits. The planetarium conducts sky shows including Solar System, eclipses, Earth, Man on Moon, comets, shooting meteoroids, stellar cycle and the deep sky every day at different times in both English and Tamil. The planetarium's 360-degree sky theatre is the first of its kind in India. The planetarium organises a special show on every second Saturday of the month to view the night sky from 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm.","title":"Attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Vivekanandar Illam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekanandar_Illam"},{"link_name":"Swami Vivekananda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Valluvar_Kottam_Edit1.JPG"},{"link_name":"Valluvar Kottam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valluvar_Kottam"},{"link_name":"monument","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument"},{"link_name":"Chennai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai"},{"link_name":"Tamil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_literature"},{"link_name":"Thiruvalluvar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvalluvar"},{"link_name":"Thirukkural","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirukural"},{"link_name":"Thirukkural","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirukkural"},{"link_name":"Thiruvalluvar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvalluvar"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St_Mary%27s_Church_Chennai.jpg"}],"sub_title":"Historical Monuments","text":"Vivekanandar Illam or Vivekananda house is remembered as the place where Swami Vivekananda stayed for nine days when he visited Chennai (then Madras) in 1897. Vivekananda House now houses a permanent exhibition on Indian Culture. Located on the busy Kamrajar Salai along the Marina Beach, it has become an important spiritual tourist attraction in the city.Valluvar Kottam\nValluvar Kottam is a popular monument in Chennai, dedicated to the classical Tamil poet, philosopher, and saint, Thiruvalluvar who wrote his famous Thirukkural some 2,000 years ago. All 133 chapters and 1330 verses of the Thirukkural are inscribed on bas-relief in the front hall's corridors. A life-size statue of Thiruvalluvar has been installed in the 39 m high chariot.St.Mary's Church inside Fort St.George","title":"Attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fort St. George","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_St._George_(India)"},{"link_name":"British","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Tamil Nadu legislative assembly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_legislative_assembly"},{"link_name":"Raj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj"},{"link_name":"St. Mary's Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church_Chennai"},{"link_name":"Anglican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican"},{"link_name":"Ripon Building","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Building"},{"link_name":"Greater Chennai Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Chennai_Corporation"},{"link_name":"City of London Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation"},{"link_name":"Neoclassical","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture"},{"link_name":"Ionic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_order"},{"link_name":"Corinthian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthian_order"},{"link_name":"Chennai Central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Central"},{"link_name":"Victoria Public Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Public_Hall"},{"link_name":"Ripon Building","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Building"},{"link_name":"Chennai Central Railway Station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Central"},{"link_name":"British architecture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_architecture"}],"sub_title":"Historic Government Buildings","text":"Fort St. George is the name of the first British fortress in India, founded in 1639[15] at the coastal city of Madras. The fort is a stronghold with 6-meter-high (20 ft) walls that withstood a number of assaults in the 18th century. It is a feasible contention to say that the city evolved around the fortress. The fort currently houses the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly and other official buildings. The Fort Museum contains many relics of the Raj, including portraits of many of the Governors. Other monuments present inside the fort are St. Mary's Church, the oldest Anglican church in India, and Wellesley House, which holds the paintings of the Governor of the Fort and other high officials of the Regime.\nRipon Building, commissioned in 1913 and named after Lord Ripon, Governor General of India and father of local self-government. It is the headquarters of the city's municipal body Greater Chennai Corporation, the world's 2nd oldest municipal corporation after the City of London Corporation. The building is a fine example of the Neoclassical style of architecture, a combination of, Ionic and Corinthian. The Ripon Building is an all-white structure and is located near the iconic Chennai Central railway station.\nVictoria Public Hall, or the Town Hall, is a historical building located in between the Ripon Building and the Chennai Central Railway Station and is seen as one of the finest examples of British architecture in Chennai. Built in 1888 as a town hall for the city of Madras and named after Queen Victoria to commemorate the golden jubilee.","title":"Attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Black_Buck,_India.jpg"},{"link_name":"Arignar Anna Zoological Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arignar_Anna_Zoological_Park"},{"link_name":"Vandalur Zoo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandalur_Zoo"},{"link_name":"Battery-operated vehicles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_electric_vehicle"},{"link_name":"Madras Crocodile Bank Trust","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras_Crocodile_Bank_Trust"},{"link_name":"East Coast Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Coast_Road"},{"link_name":"herpetological","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetology"},{"link_name":"crocodiles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodile"},{"link_name":"alligators","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligator"},{"link_name":"gharials","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gharial"},{"link_name":"turtles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle"},{"link_name":"snakes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake"},{"link_name":"Romulus Whitaker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romulus_Whitaker"},{"link_name":"Guindy National Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guindy_National_Park"},{"link_name":"National Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_parks_of_India"},{"link_name":"antivenom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antivenom"}],"sub_title":"Wildlife","text":"Black Buck at Guindy National ParkArignar Anna Zoological Park (better known as Vandalur Zoo) is located south-west of the city. Covering an area of 1490 acres, it is India's largest zoo. It has about 2200 animals belonging to 170 different species including of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. The zoo also has a lion safari, an elephant safari, a nocturnal animal house, walk-through aviary, butterfly house, reptile house and a crocodile enclosure. The park has tree-lined paved paths for long treks inside the campus, enabling the visitors to walk 15 to 20 kilometres (9.3 to 12.4 mi) during a visit. Battery-operated vehicles with a range of up to 80 kilometres (50 miles) are available for rent.\nMadras Crocodile Bank Trust, located south of the city, along the East Coast Road, is an important centre for herpetological research. It houses several fresh-water and salt-water crocodiles, alligators, gharials, turtles and snakes. Founded by Romulus Whitaker in 1976, the CrocBank now has a total of 2,483 animals, including 14 species of crocodiles, 10 species of turtles, 3 species of snakes, and 1 species of lizard. The bank is home to 14 species of the 23 crocodilian species living across the world, two of which are listed by the IUCN as critically endangered and three more as threatened.\nGuindy National Park, carved as a garden space from the Guindy Forest in 1670 and later established as a park in 1976, it is one of the country's smallest National Park with an area of 2.76 km2 and is located completely inside the city. It hosts a variety of endangered deer, foxes, monkeys and snakes. The Guindy Snake Park situated in the National Park has a large collection of snakes and is an important source of antivenom serum. For ex-situ conservation, about 22 acres (8.9 hectares) of the Guindy National Park has been carved out into a park which is known as the Children's Park and play area at the northeast corner of the national park with a collection of animals and birds.\nPallikaranai Marshland Park","title":"Attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Adyar Eco Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholkappia_Poonga"},{"link_name":"Adyar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adyar_(Chennai)"},{"link_name":"Coromandel Coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coromandel_Coast"},{"link_name":"black bittern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_bittern"},{"link_name":"cinnamon bittern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon_bittern"},{"link_name":"black-winged kite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-winged_kite"},{"link_name":"white-bellied sea eagle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-bellied_sea_eagle"},{"link_name":"pied kingfisher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pied_kingfisher"},{"link_name":"yellow wagtails","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_yellow_wagtail"},{"link_name":"black-winged stilt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-winged_stilt"},{"link_name":"Chetpet Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetput_aeri"},{"link_name":"The Huddleston Gardens of Theosophical Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theosophical_Society_Adyar"},{"link_name":"Adyar River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adyar_River"},{"link_name":"Bay of Bengal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal"},{"link_name":"Theosophical Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theosophical_Society"},{"link_name":"Theosophy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theosophy_(Blavatskian)"},{"link_name":"banyan tree","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyan_tree"}],"sub_title":"Nature","text":"Adyar Eco Park, locally known as Tholkappia Poonga is an ecological park set up in the Adyar estuary area to restore the vegetation of the freshwater eco-systems of the Coromandel Coast, especially the fragile ecosystem of the Adyar estuary and creek. A total of 143 species of fish, amphibians, birds and reptiles have been seen in the park and the number is expected to go up to 200. More than 85 different kinds of birds, including rare black bittern, cinnamon bittern, black-winged kite, white-bellied sea eagle, pied kingfisher, yellow wagtails and black-winged stilt have been spotted by ornithologists in the green expanse.\nChetpet Lake, also known as Chetpet Eco Park is a lake spread over 15 acres and is the only lake in the centre of the city. The lake became a tourist attraction from 2014 after it underwent a remarkable transformation from being a heavily encroached filthy lake to having clean water with facilities for boating, angling, water sports and beautifully surrounded by a park.\nThe Huddleston Gardens of Theosophical Society is the garden that lies on the south bank of the Adyar River where the river meets the Bay of Bengal and covers 260 acres. The garden is located inside the Adyar Theosophical society which is the headquarters of the Theosophical Society which was an organization formed in 1875 to advance Theosophy. The garden also has a 450-year-old banyan tree, which was known locally as Adyar aala maram, whose aerial roots covered some 60,000 sq m. and is situated in the middle of the Theosophical Society Campus. One of the largest banyan trees in the world, it continues to miraculously survive and even thrive despite severe storm damage to its main trunk in 1989.","title":"Attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"DakshinaChitra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DakshinaChitra"},{"link_name":"living history museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_history_museum"},{"link_name":"Kalakshetra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalakshetra"},{"link_name":"Bharatnatyam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatnatyam"},{"link_name":"Besant Nagar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besant_Nagar"},{"link_name":"Rukmini Devi Arundale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rukmini_Devi_Arundale"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Cholamandalam Artists' Village","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholamandalam_Artists%27_Village"}],"sub_title":"Art and Crafts","text":"DakshinaChitra is a living history museum run by the Chennai Craft Foundation, is a depiction of the way of life prevalent in 5 south Indian states collectively called as South India with exhibitions and workshops of the arts and crafts and performing artists of South India. There are around 4,220 artefacts on display; 3,200 are art-related, and 70 pertain to contemporary subjects.\nKalakshetra, a centre for the revival of Indian art and crafts — especially the dance form of Bharatnatyam is located in Besant Nagar. Founded in January 1936 by Rukmini Devi Arundale, the institution achieved national and international recognition for its unique style and perfectionism.[16]\nCholamandalam Artists' Village, on the East Coast Road, offers a view of artists and sculptors at work in their own studios and permanent gallery.","title":"Attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MylaporeKapaleeshwararTemple.jpg"},{"link_name":"Kapaleeshwarar temple","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapaleeshwarar_temple"},{"link_name":"Mylapore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mylapore"},{"link_name":"Pallavas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallava_dynasty"},{"link_name":"Parthasarathy Temple","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthasarathy_Temple,_Triplicane"},{"link_name":"Triplicane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triplicane"},{"link_name":"Hindu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism"},{"link_name":"Vaishnavite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishnavite"},{"link_name":"Krishna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishna"},{"link_name":"Chennai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai"},{"link_name":"St. Thomas Mount","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Thomas_Mount"},{"link_name":"St. Thomas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Mother Mary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Mary"},{"link_name":"Santhome Basilica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santhome_Basilica"},{"link_name":"Roman Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic"},{"link_name":"basilica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica"},{"link_name":"Santhome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santhome"},{"link_name":"Portuguese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal"},{"link_name":"Saint Thomas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle"},{"link_name":"Vatican City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia,_Spain"},{"link_name":"Armenian Church of Virgin Mary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Church,_Chennai"},{"link_name":"Indian subcontinent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_subcontinent"},{"link_name":"belfry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_tower"},{"link_name":"St. Mary's Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Church,_Chennai"},{"link_name":"Thousand Lights Mosque","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thousand_Lights_Mosque"},{"link_name":"Triplicane Big Mosque","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triplicane_Big_Mosque"},{"link_name":"Mughal architectural style","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_architecture"},{"link_name":"Nawab of Arcot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawab_of_Arcot"}],"sub_title":"Places of Worship","text":"Kapaleeshwarar temple in MylaporeKapaleeshwarar temple in Mylapore estimated to have been built in the 7th century by the Pallavas and has inscriptions dating back to 12th century is one of the most visited worship places by tourists visiting the city.\nParthasarathy Temple in Triplicane, an 8th-century Hindu Vaishnavite temple dedicated to the god Krishna. The temple is one of the oldest structures in Chennai.\nSt. Thomas Mount, the site where St. Thomas, one of the disciples of Jesus Christ, was believed to have been martyred.[17] A shrine dedicated to \"Our Lady of Expectation\" (Mother Mary) was built in 1523 on top of the mount.\nSanthome Basilica is a Roman Catholic minor basilica in Santhome. It was built in the 16th century by Portuguese explorers, over the tomb of Saint Thomas. This church is one of the only three known churches in the world built over the tomb of an Apostle of Jesus, the other two are located in Vatican City and Spain.\nArmenian Church of Virgin Mary, is located on the Armenian Street in Parrys. Constructed in 1712, it is one of the oldest churches of the Indian subcontinent and is famous for its belfry of six.\nSt. Mary's Church located at Fort St George, is the oldest Anglican church East of Suez and also the oldest British building in India. The church is popularly known as the 'Westminster Abbey of the East'.\nThousand Lights Mosque, a multi-domed mosque opened in 1810 and spread over an area of 3 acres, it is one of the largest mosques in India and is situated on Anna Salai Road. It is said that 1000 lights needed to be lit in order to illuminate the assembly hall and hence it was named Thousand Lights Mosque. It is also believed that the lights were lit by the Indian National Congress to mark their first visit to Madras.\nTriplicane Big Mosque, constructed in the Mughal architectural style, the mosque was built in 1795 by the family of Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah, the Nawab of Arcot. It is considered as the largest mosque in the city of Chennai.","title":"Attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spencer_Plaza.jpg"},{"link_name":"Spencer Plaza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer_Plaza"},{"link_name":"Tirunelveli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirunelveli"},{"link_name":"Kumbakonam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumbakonam"},{"link_name":"Thanjavur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanjavur"},{"link_name":"Mahabalipuram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabalipuram"},{"link_name":"Kanchipuram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanchipuram"},{"link_name":"T. Nagar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._Nagar"},{"link_name":"Pondy Bazaar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondy_Bazaar"},{"link_name":"Ranganathan Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranganathan_Street"},{"link_name":"George Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Town,_Chennai"},{"link_name":"Parrys Corner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrys_Corner"},{"link_name":"Burma Bazaar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma_Bazaar"},{"link_name":"Moore Market","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore_Market"},{"link_name":"Spencer Plaza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer_Plaza"},{"link_name":"Express Avenue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Express_Avenue"},{"link_name":"Phoenix Market City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Market_City_(Chennai)"},{"link_name":"Forum Vijaya Mall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Forum_Vijaya"},{"link_name":"Ampa Skywalk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampa_Skywalk"},{"link_name":"Abirami Mega Mall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abirami_Mega_Mall"},{"link_name":"Mayajaal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayajaal"},{"link_name":"Spectrum Mall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_Mall_(Chennai)"}],"sub_title":"Shopping","text":"Spencer Plaza is one of the oldest and largest shopping malls in Chennai.Chennai has some unique places to offer for shopping. Art and crafts, contemporary and traditional artwork, antiques, jewellery are available in the city. Traditional items like the leaf and palmyra-fiber handicrafts from Tirunelveli, bronze and brass castings and traditional jewellery from Kumbakonam, metal works from Thanjavur, stone carvings from Mahabalipuram, silks from Kanchipuram are for sale in shops and boutiques.T. Nagar, the neighbourhood is the shopping hub of the city. Two main areas are Pondy Bazaar and Ranganathan Street which are home to several multi-storey stores, unique to Chennai, which deals mainly in textiles and silks or gold, silver and diamond jewellery.\nGeorge Town and Parrys Corner are wholesale markets of the city where one can purchase almost anything.\nMint Street plays host to communities from Rajasthan and Gujarat and is where north Indian snacks can be sampled along with textiles, kitchenware, and jewellery.\nBurma Bazaar is famous for its counterfeit electronic goods and media.\nMoore Market in Central is known for its large number of bookstores.\nThe city also has a number of shopping malls spread across the landscape including the oldest Spencer Plaza and several other modern malls that include Express Avenue, Phoenix Market City, Forum Vijaya Mall, Ampa Skywalk, Abirami Mega Mall, Mayajaal, Spectrum Mall.","title":"Attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"amusement parks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusement_parks"},{"link_name":"MGM Dizzee World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM_Dizzee_World"},{"link_name":"VGP Universal Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VGP_Universal_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Queen's Land","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Land"},{"link_name":"Kishkinta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kishkinta"},{"link_name":"Mudichur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudichur"},{"link_name":"Tamil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language"},{"link_name":"Hindi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi"},{"link_name":"Telugu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_language"},{"link_name":"Kannada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannada_language"},{"link_name":"Malayalam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayalam"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"sub_title":"Entertainment","text":"There are four large amusement parks, MGM Dizzee World, VGP Universal Kingdom, Queen's Land near Poonnamalle and Kishkinta Located near Mudichur in Chennai. The city also houses a paintball centre and water sports club on the east coast road. There are also a large number of beach resorts all along the East Coast Road highway to Mahabalipuram. The city is home to the Tamil movie industry, has over 100+ large cinema theatres including a few multiplexes which screen Tamil, English, Hindi, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam films.[18] The city has a large number of restaurants offering a variety of Tamil, Indian and international cuisines.[19] The nightlife in Chennai is vibrant and growing ranging from bars to pool parlours to lounges and clubs.[20]","title":"Attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Santhome_Basilica.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Santhome_Basillica_hall.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chettinad_Palace,_Chennai.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chennai_from_St._Thomas_Mount.jpg"},{"link_name":"St. Thomas Mount","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Thomas_Mount"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chennai_Victory_War_Memorial.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schmidt_memorial.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Madras_museum_theatre_in_October_2007.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Valluvar_Kottam_terrace.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zoo_248.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_Public_Hall_panorama.jpg"}],"text":"Santhome Basilica\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tInterior of Santhome Basilica\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tChettinad Palace\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tChennai viewed from St. Thomas Mount\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tWar Memorial\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSchmidt memorial at Elliot's beach\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tGovernment Museum at Egmore\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tValluvar Kottam\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tAringar Anna Zoolological Park in Vandalur\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe Victoria Public Hall","title":"Gallery"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Marina Beach as seen from Light house","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Marina_Beach_as_seen_from_Light_house..JPG/220px-Marina_Beach_as_seen_from_Light_house..JPG"},{"image_text":"Mahabalipuram Shore Temple is a major tourist attraction","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/01MahabalipuramShoreTemple.jpg/230px-01MahabalipuramShoreTemple.jpg"},{"image_text":"Bharatanatyam dance","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Yoga-5.png/220px-Yoga-5.png"},{"image_text":"MGR Samadhi in Marina Beach","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/MGR_Memorial_9_December_2007.jpg/220px-MGR_Memorial_9_December_2007.jpg"},{"image_text":"Chennai Rail Museum","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Chennai_Rail_Museum_Fowler_Ploughing_Engine.jpg/220px-Chennai_Rail_Museum_Fowler_Ploughing_Engine.jpg"},{"image_text":"Valluvar Kottam","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Valluvar_Kottam_Edit1.JPG/220px-Valluvar_Kottam_Edit1.JPG"},{"image_text":"St.Mary's Church inside Fort St.George","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/St_Mary%27s_Church_Chennai.jpg/150px-St_Mary%27s_Church_Chennai.jpg"},{"image_text":"Black Buck at Guindy National Park","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Black_Buck%2C_India.jpg/220px-Black_Buck%2C_India.jpg"},{"image_text":"Kapaleeshwarar temple in Mylapore","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/MylaporeKapaleeshwararTemple.jpg/220px-MylaporeKapaleeshwararTemple.jpg"},{"image_text":"Spencer Plaza is one of the oldest and largest shopping malls in Chennai.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Spencer_Plaza.jpg/220px-Spencer_Plaza.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"India portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:India"},{"title":"Hotels in Chennai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotels_in_Chennai"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Chennai in Lonely Planet 2015 list of top 10 cities to visit\". The Economic Times. 22 October 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/travel/chennai-in-lonely-planet-2015-list-of-top-10-cities-to-visit/articleshow/44907753.cms","url_text":"\"Chennai in Lonely Planet 2015 list of top 10 cities to visit\""}]},{"reference":"\"Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2010\". Euromonitor International. Retrieved 30 January 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://blog.euromonitor.com/2012/01/euromonitor-internationals-top-city-destinations-ranking1.html","url_text":"\"Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2010\""}]},{"reference":"\"Chennai High: City gets most foreign tourists\". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121104021442/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-27/chennai/28314945_1_tourist-arrivals-foreign-tourists-tamil-nadu-tourism-development","url_text":"\"Chennai High: City gets most foreign tourists\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India","url_text":"The Times of India"},{"url":"http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-27/chennai/28314945_1_tourist-arrivals-foreign-tourists-tamil-nadu-tourism-development","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2012\". Euromonitor International. Retrieved 30 January 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://blog.euromonitor.com/2014/01/euromonitor-internationals-top-city-destinations-ranking.html","url_text":"\"Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2012\""}]},{"reference":"\"Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2011\". Euromonitor International. 21 January 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://blog.euromonitor.com/2013/01/top-100-cities-destination-ranking.html","url_text":"\"Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2011\""}]},{"reference":"\"Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2009\". Euromonitor International. Retrieved 30 January 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://blog.euromonitor.com/2011/01/euromonitor-internationals-top-city-destinations-ranking-2.html","url_text":"\"Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2009\""}]},{"reference":"\"Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2013\". Euromonitor International. 27 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://blog.euromonitor.com/2015/01/top-100-city-destinations-ranking.html","url_text":"\"Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking 2013\""}]},{"reference":"Bremner, Caroline. \"Top 100 City Destinations Ranking 2014\" (PDF). Euromonitor International. Retrieved 9 August 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://go.euromonitor.com/rs/805-KOK-719/images/TCD-presentation_FINAL.pdf","url_text":"\"Top 100 City Destinations Ranking 2014\""}]},{"reference":"Bremner, Caroline. \"Top 100 City Destinations Ranking 2015\" (PDF). Euromonitor International. Retrieved 30 January 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://go.euromonitor.com/rs/805-KOK-719/images/2017%20Top%20100%20Cities%20Destinations%20Final%20Report.pdf","url_text":"\"Top 100 City Destinations Ranking 2015\""}]},{"reference":"Thomas, Liffy; Deepa H. Ramakrishnan (1 June 2012). \"New hotels beckon the business class\". The Hindu. Chennai. Retrieved 28 December 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3477386.ece","url_text":"\"New hotels beckon the business class\""}]},{"reference":"Chandramouli, Rajesh (27 April 2018). \"Hotels full as Chennai turns into wedding destination\". The Times of India. Chennai. Retrieved 6 September 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/hotels-full-as-city-turns-into-wedding-destination/articleshow/63932181.cms","url_text":"\"Hotels full as Chennai turns into wedding destination\""}]},{"reference":"Siva Prasanna Kumar, J. V. (29 April 2019). \"Chennai emerges top among Indian cities in hotel room addition\". Deccan Chronicle. Chennai. Retrieved 6 September 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/290419/chennai-emerges-top-among-indian-cities-in-hotel-room-addition.html","url_text":"\"Chennai emerges top among Indian cities in hotel room addition\""}]},{"reference":"\"Arrival Percentage from Different Countries to Chennai\" (PDF). Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120131163157/http://tourism.gov.in/CMSPagePicture/file/marketresearch/FTAIS2003.pdf","url_text":"\"Arrival Percentage from Different Countries to Chennai\""},{"url":"http://tourism.gov.in/CMSPagePicture/file/marketresearch/FTAIS2003.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Bharatanatyam\". Tamilnadu.com. 27 October 2012. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20130411223146/http://tamilnadu.com/arts/dance-bharatanatyam.html","url_text":"\"Bharatanatyam\""},{"url":"http://tamilnadu.com/arts/dance-bharatanatyam.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"St. Thomas in India\". indianchristianity.org. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090129202904/http://www.indianchristianity.org/thomas.html","url_text":"\"St. Thomas in India\""},{"url":"http://www.indianchristianity.org/thomas.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Chennai Cinema Theatres\". lifeinchennai.com. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110720175539/http://www.lifeinchennai.com/Chennai_Cinema_Theatres.htm","url_text":"\"Chennai Cinema Theatres\""},{"url":"http://www.lifeinchennai.com/Chennai_Cinema_Theatres.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Chennai Hotels and Restaurants\". lifeinchennai.com. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110720175555/http://www.lifeinchennai.com/Chennai_eating_hotels.htm","url_text":"\"Chennai Hotels and Restaurants\""},{"url":"http://www.lifeinchennai.com/Chennai_eating_hotels.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Chennai Pubs and Discs (Discotheques) - Entertainment\". lifeinchennai.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101108132340/http://www.lifeinchennai.com/chennai_Entertainment_theatre.htm","url_text":"\"Chennai Pubs and Discs (Discotheques) - Entertainment\""},{"url":"http://www.lifeinchennai.com/chennai_Entertainment_theatre.htm","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_2011_Pan_American_Games
|
Jamaica at the 2011 Pan American Games
|
["1 Medalists","2 Athletics","2.1 Men","2.2 Women","3 Badminton","4 Basketball","5 Beach volleyball","6 Boxing","6.1 Men","7 Cycling","7.1 Road Cycling","8 Shooting","9 Squash","9.1 Men","10 Swimming","11 Taekwondo","12 References"]
|
Sporting event delegationJamaica at the2011 Pan American GamesIOC codeJAMNOCJamaica Olympic Associationin Guadalajara14–30 October 2011Competitors58 in 10 sportsFlag bearer Marloe RodmanMedalsRanked 14th
Gold
1
Silver
5
Bronze
1
Total
7
Pan American Games appearances (overview)1951195519591963196719711975197919831987199119951999200320072011201520192023
Jamaica competed at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico from October 14–30, 2011, with 58 athletes in 10 sports.
Medalists
Medal
Name
Sport
Event
Date
Gold
Lerone Clarke
Athletics
Men's 100 metres
October 25
Silver
Alia Atkinson
Swimming
Women's 200 metre individual medley
October 18
Silver
Maurice Smith
Athletics
Men's decathlon
October 25
Silver
Lansford Spence
Athletics
Men's 200 metres
October 27
Silver
Simone Facey
Athletics
Women's 200 metres
October 27
Silver
Isa Phillips
Athletics
Men's 400 metres hurdles
October 27
Bronze
Charles Pyne
Badminton
Men's singles
October 18
Athletics
Main article: Athletics at the 2011 Pan American Games
Men
Track and road events
Event
Athletes
Heats
Semifinal
Final
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
100 m
Oshane Bailey
10.41
3rd q
DSQ
Did not advance
Lerone Clarke
10.15
1st Q
10.17
1st Q
10.01 PB
200 m
Jason Livermore
20.73 SB
2nd Q
20.76
3rd
Did not advance
Lansford Spence
20.59
1st Q
20.33 PB
1st Q
20.38
400 m
Michael Mason
46.09
3rd
Did not advance
Annert Whyte
47.57
6th
Did not advance
110 m hurdles
Eric Keddo
13.83
6th
Did not advance
400 m hurdles
Isa Phillips
49.62
1st Q
48.82
4 × 100 m relay
Jermaine HamiltonJason LivermoreHannukkah WallaceOshane Bailey
DSQ
Did not advance
4 × 400 m relay
Michael MasonOmar JohnsonAnnert WhyteJason Livermore
3:10.05
3rd Q
DNS
Field events
Event
Athletes
Semifinal
Final
Result
Rank
Result
Rank
Pole vault
Jabari Ennis
4.90 m.
10th
Long jump
Herbert McGregor
7.46 m.
8th
Did not advance
Shot put
Odayne Richards
DNS
Discus throw
Jason Morgan
58.91 m.
10th
Odayne Richards
DNS
Combined events
Decathlon
Event
Clanston Bernard
Maurice Smith
Results
Points
Rank
Results
Points
Rank
100 m
11.16
825
11th
10.86
892
7th
Long jump
7.09 m.
835
7th
7.36 m.
900
4th
Shot put
13.55 m.
701
8th
17.35 m.
935
1st
High jump
1.96 m.
767
6th
1.99 m.
794
5th
400 m
52.00
725
12th
49.26
849
5th
110 m hurdles
14.92
859
9th
14.20
949
1st
Discus throw
43.79 m.
742
4th
48.79 m.
845
1st
Pole vault
4.20 m.
673
8th
4.40 m.
731
5th
Javelin throw
55.49 m.
670
10th
59.57 m.
731
3rd
1500 m
5:20.11
449
11th
4:55.18
588
8th
Final
7246
8th
8214
Women
Track and road events
Event
Athletes
Semifinal
Final
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
200 m
Simone Facey
22.99 PB
2nd Q
22.86 PB
Anastasia Le-Roy
23.68
5th
Did not advance
400 m
Patricia Hall
52.47
3rd Q
52.69
7th
400 m hurdles
Rushell Clayton
1:03.44
6th
Did not advance
Sheryl Morgan
59.59
5th
Did not advance
4 × 100 m relay
Ornella LivingstonAnastasia Le-RoySimone FaceyYanique Ellington
DNF
4 × 400 m relay
Rushell ClaytonSheryl MorganAnastasia Le-RoyPatricia HallYanique Ellington
DNS
Field events
Event
Athletes
Semifinal
Final
Result
Rank
Result
Rank
High jump
Kimberley Williamson
1.78 m.
8th
Long jump
Yanique Levy
5.81 m.
12th
Nickevea Wilson
5.44 m.
13th
Shot put
Zara Northover
16.64 PB
6th
Discus throw
Allinson Randall
50.90 m.
9th
Hammer throw
Natalie Grant
57.73 m.
13th
Javelin throw
Olivia McKoy
51.40 m.
7th
Kateema Riettie
50.97 m.
8th
Badminton
Main article: Badminton at the 2011 Pan American Games
Jamaica has qualified two male and two female athletes in the badminton competition.
Men
Athlete
Event
First round
Second round
Third round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final
Rank
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
Gareth Henry
Men's singles
BYE
P Yang (GUA) L 0–2(19–21, 20–22)
Did not advance
Charles Pyne
Men's singles
BYE
K Matute (VEN) W 2–0(21–9, 21–9)
R Pacheco (PER) W 2–1(21–23, 21–17, 21–10)
A Tjong (BRA) W 2–1(21–14, 19–21, 21–19)
O Guerrero (CUB) L 1–2(18–21, 21–18, 18–21)
DNA
Gareth HenryCharles Pyne
Men's doubles
H Bach (USA) T Gunawan (USA) L 0–2(12–21, 5–21)
Did not advance
Women
Athlete
Event
First round
Second round
Third round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final
Rank
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
Katherine Wynter
Women's singles
BYE
V Montero (MEX) L 0–2(7–21, 3–21)
Did not advance
Mikaylia Haldane
Women's singles
BYE
L Vicente (BRA) L 0–2(17–21, 7–21)
Did not advance
Mikaylia HaldaneKatherine Wynter
Women's doubles
BYE
O Cabrera (DOM) B Vibieca (DOM) L 1–2(21–17, 17–21, 14–21)
Did not advance
Mixed
Athlete
Event
First round
Second round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final
Rank
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
Gareth HenryMikaylia Haldane
Mixed doubles
C Araya (CHI) C Macaya (CHI) W 2–0(21–15, 21–15)
L Muñoz (MEX) C González (MEX) W 2–0(21–14, 21–19)
H Bach (USA) P Obañana (USA) L 0–2(9–21, 11–21)
Did not advance
Charles PyneKatherine Wynter
Mixed doubles
E Mujica (CHI) N Norambuena (CHI) W 2–0(21–19, 21–17)
H Humblers (GUA) N Sotomayor (GUA) L 0–2(19–21, 11–21)
Did not advance
Basketball
Main article: Basketball at the 2011 Pan American Games
Women
Team
Shereel Brown
Zandria Dell
Nicole Dias
Sasha Dixon
Stacian Facey
Melissa Farquharson
Loretta Gordon
Simone Jackson
Tracey-Ann Kelly
Ladonna Lamonth
Shnell Moodie
Standings
Qualified for the semifinals
Team
Pld
W
L
PF
PA
PD
Pts
Tiebreaker
Brazil
3
3
0
280
141
+139
6
Colombia
3
2
1
195
169
+26
4
Canada
3
1
2
206
166
+40
2
Jamaica
3
0
3
89
295
–206
0
Results
October 21 17:30
Report
Jamaica
26–83
Colombia
Scoring by quarter: 7–20, 5–14, 12–15, 2–34
Pts: Brown, 10Rebs: Dixon, 8Asts: 2 players, 2
Pts: Mosquera, 21Rebs: 2 players, 6Asts: Olarte, 5
CODE Dome, Guadalajara
October 22 10:30
Report
Brazil
116–34
Jamaica
Scoring by quarter: 25–2, 27–9, 30–11, 34–12
Pts: De Souza, 22Rebs: De Souza, 15Asts: De Queiroz, 9
Pts: Jackson, 13Rebs: Brown, 7Asts: 2 players, 1
CODE Dome, Guadalajara
October 23 17:30
Report
Canada
96–29
Jamaica
Scoring by quarter: 17–8, 32–6, 20–13, 27–2
Pts: Colley, 16Rebs: Wolfram, 11Asts: 6 players, 3
Pts: Dixon, 13Rebs: Dixon, 7Asts: 3 players, 1
CODE Dome, Guadalajara
Seventh place match
October 24 10:30
Report
United States
87–41
Jamaica
Scoring by quarter: 24–11, 28–6, 19–15, 16–9
Pts: James, 19Rebs: 2 players, 10Asts: 2 players, 5
Pts: Jackson, 19Rebs: Jackson, 10Asts: Dell, 2
CODE Dome, Guadalajara
2011 Pan American Games Bronze medal
Jamaica
Beach volleyball
Main article: Beach volleyball at the 2011 Pan American Games
Jamaica has qualified a men's team in the beach volleyball competition.
Athlete
Event
Preliminary round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
OppositionScore
OppositionScore
OppositionScore
OppositionScore
OppositionScore
OppositionScore
Rank
Dellan BrownNamarie Gordon
Men
Santiago Etchegaray (ARG) Pablo Miguel Suárez (ARG)L 13-21, 9-21
Erick Garrido (GUA) Andy Leonardo (JAM)L 9-21, 15-21
Roberto Rodríguez (PUR) Christopher Underwood (PUR)L 11-21, 13-21
Did not advance
Boxing
Main article: Boxing at the 2011 Pan American Games
Men
Athlete
Event
Preliminaries
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
Reece Shagourie
Middleweight
Juan Carlos Rodríguez (VEN)L 10 – 16
Did not advance
Cycling
Main article: Cycling at the 2011 Pan American Games
Road Cycling
Men
Athlete
Event
Time
Rank
Marlor Rodman
Road race
DNF
Shooting
Main article: Shooting at the 2011 Pan American Games
Men
Event
Athlete
Qualification
Final
Score
Rank
Score
Rank
10 m air pistol
Ronald Brown
548- 5x
30th
Did not advance
Trap
Shaun Barnes
101
27th
Did not advance
Squash
Main article: Squash at the 2011 Pan American Games
Men
Athlete
Event
Round of 32
Round of 16
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final
OppositionScore
OppositionScore
OppositionScore
OppositionScore
OppositionScore
Christopher Binnie
Singles
José Méndez (GUA)W 11-5, 11-4, 13-11
Christopher Gordon (USA)L 7-11, 5-11, 5-13
Did not advance
Swimming
Main article: Swimming at the 2011 Pan American Games
Women
Event
Athletes
Heats
Final
Time
Position
Time
Position
100 m Freestyle
Kendese Nangle
DNS
Did not advance
100 m Backstroke
Kendese Nangle
1:07.47
19th
Did not advance
100 m Breaststroke
Alia Atkinson
1:09.28
3rd Q
1:09.11
4th
200 m Breaststroke
Alia Atkinson
2:32.33
4th Q
2:30.96
4th
100 m Butterfly
Alia Atkinson
1:01.41
6th Q
1:01.17
7th
200 m Individual Medley
Alia Atkinson
2:18.04
2nd Q
2:14.75
Zara Bailey
2:28.38
16th qB
2:26.84
6th B
400 m Individual Medley
Zara Bailey
5:19.46
15th qB
5:17.72
6th B
Taekwondo
Main article: Taekwondo at the 2011 Pan American Games
Jamaica has qualified two athletes in the 68 kg and 80+kg men's categories.
Men
Athlete
Event
Round of 16
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Final
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
OppositionResult
Nicholos Dusard
Lightweight (-68kg)
Diogo Da Silva (BRA)L 5 – 8
Did not advance
Kenneth Edwards
Lightweight (+80kg)
David Rajjab (GUY)W 12 – 6
Françoise Colombe (CAN)L 3 – 15
Did not advance
References
^ J’cans competing in several sports at the 2011 Pan Am Games
^ a b Jamaica entries Archived 2011-10-17 at the Wayback Machine
vteNations at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bermuda
Bolivia
Brazil
British Virgin Islands
Canada
Cayman Islands
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Puerto Rico
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Virgin Islands
Athletes from the Netherlands Antilles
|
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States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Jamaica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_women%27s_national_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"James","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tavelyn_James&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rebs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Asts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Jackson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simone_Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Jackson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simone_Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Dell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zandria_Dell&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Guadalajara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalajara"}],"text":"WomenTeamShereel Brown\nZandria Dell\nNicole Dias\nSasha Dixon\nStacian Facey\nMelissa Farquharson\nLoretta Gordon\nSimone Jackson\nTracey-Ann Kelly\nLadonna Lamonth\nShnell MoodieStandingsResultsOctober 21 17:30\n\n\n\nReport\n\n\n\nJamaica \n26–83\n Colombia\nScoring by quarter: 7–20, 5–14, 12–15, 2–34\nPts: Brown, 10Rebs: Dixon, 8Asts: 2 players, 2\n\nPts: Mosquera, 21Rebs: 2 players, 6Asts: Olarte, 5\n\n\n\nCODE Dome, GuadalajaraOctober 22 10:30\n\n\n\nReport\n\n\n\nBrazil \n116–34\n Jamaica\nScoring by quarter: 25–2, 27–9, 30–11, 34–12\nPts: De Souza, 22Rebs: De Souza, 15Asts: De Queiroz, 9\n\nPts: Jackson, 13Rebs: Brown, 7Asts: 2 players, 1\n\n\n\nCODE Dome, GuadalajaraOctober 23 17:30\n\n\n\nReport[dead link]\n\n\n\nCanada \n96–29\n Jamaica\nScoring by quarter: 17–8, 32–6, 20–13, 27–2\nPts: Colley, 16Rebs: Wolfram, 11Asts: 6 players, 3\n\nPts: Dixon, 13Rebs: Dixon, 7Asts: 3 players, 1\n\n\n\nCODE Dome, GuadalajaraSeventh place matchOctober 24 10:30\n\n\n\nReport\n\n\n\nUnited States \n87–41\n Jamaica\nScoring by quarter: 24–11, 28–6, 19–15, 16–9\nPts: James, 19Rebs: 2 players, 10Asts: 2 players, 5\n\nPts: Jackson, 19Rebs: Jackson, 10Asts: Dell, 2\n\n\n\nCODE Dome, Guadalajara","title":"Basketball"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Jamaica has qualified a men's team in the beach volleyball competition.","title":"Beach volleyball"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Boxing"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Men","title":"Boxing"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Cycling"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Road Cycling","text":"Men","title":"Cycling"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Men","title":"Shooting"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Squash"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Men","title":"Squash"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Women","title":"Swimming"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Jamaica has qualified two athletes in the 68 kg and 80+kg men's categories.Men","title":"Taekwondo"}]
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[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romano_Musumarra
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Romano Musumarra
|
["1 Life and career","2 Selected filmography","3 Honours","4 References","5 External links"]
|
Italian composer, arranger, musician and record producer
Romano MusumarraBorn21 July 1956 (1956-07-21) (age 67)Rome, ItalyOccupationComposer
Romano Musumarra (born 21 July 1956) is an Italian composer, arranger, musician and record producer.
Life and career
Born in Rome, Musumarra approached music as a child, learning to play pipe organ at his church. He studied piano, composition and conducting at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, and in 1975 he formed the melodic pop-rock group La Bottega dell'Arte, with whom he achieved some significant success throughout the 1970s. Besides his work with the band, in 1978 he made an electronic album called Automat together with Claudio Gizzi.
In 1983 he left La Bottega dell'Arte and devoted himself to the activity of arranger and composer, arranging among others works by Riccardo Cocciante, Mango, Fred Bongusto and Franco Califano, and composing the music for Severino Gazzelloni's album Azzurra.
In 1984, after listening to an audition of her, he asked to newcomer Jeanne Mas to record one of his compositions, "Toute Première Fois". After hearing the song, which featured an unusual mix of acoustic and electronic sounds for the time, EMI signed Mas and the resulting single was a great success in France, reaching the number eight on the singles chart. Musumarra continued his collaboration with Mas, composing and producing the tracks on her first two albums, including "Johnny, Johnny" and "En rouge et noir", both number one in the French chart.
Due to the success of his work with Jeanne Mas he was increasingly in demand by French artists, so at the end of 1985 he decided to move to France. In 1986 he contributed to the musical success of Princess Stéphanie of Monaco, for whom he composed the hits "Ouragan" (initially proposed to Jeanne Mas) and "Flash/One Love to Give". The same year he made his debut as a film score composer with Régis Wargnier's The Woman of My Life and was instrumental in launching Elsa Lunghini (then simply Elsa), for whom he wrote and produced the debut single "T'en va pas", number one in the French charts for two months.
In addition to launching new names, Musumarra has composed songs for established artists such as Celine Dion, Mireille Mathieu, Sylvie Vartan, Alain Delon, Nikka Costa, Dana Dawson, Hélène Ségara, Tina Arena, Régine, Garou, Bruno Pelletier, and Marc Lavoine.
Since the 2000s, he has dedicated himself to composing songs in the operatic pop genre, collaborating with Luciano Pavarotti, Il Divo, Katherine Jenkins, Alessandro Safina, Vittorio Grigolo, among others. In 2016, his song "On écrit sur les murs", originally composed for Demis Roussos, reached number three in the French hit parade thanks to a cover by the group Kids United.
Selected filmography
The Woman of My Life (1986)
My True Love, My Wound (1987)
Maladie d'amour (1987)
Faceless (1988)
L'enfance de l'art (1988)
Day of Atonement (1992)
The Teddy Bear (1994)
Honours
1988 - Knight of Arts and Letters
References
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Arena, James (2017). "Romano Musumarra". Europe's Stars of '80s Dance Pop. McFarland. pp. 141–147. ISBN 978-1-4766-3014-4.
^ a b c Eddy Anselmi (2009). "Romano Musumarra". Festival di Sanremo: almanacco illustrato della canzone italiana, Panini Comics. ISBN 8863462291.
^ a b c d e Riccardo Giagni (1990). "Musumarra, Romano". Gino Castaldo (ed.) Dizionario della canzone italiana. Curcio Editore.
^ Burrocacao, Demented (28 April 2022). Italian futuribili: Il pop nostrano che ci ha visto lungo (in Italian). Minimum Fax. ISBN 978-88-3389-396-9. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
^ a b c "Jeanne Mas - Les charts français". LesCharts.com. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
^ "Elsa - T'en va pas - Les charts français". LesCharts.com. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
^ a b Hillériteau, Thierry (30 October 2016). "Romano Musumarra, faiseur de tubes". Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 2 February 2022.
External links
Romano Musumarra discography at Discogs
Romano Musumarra at IMDb
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Spain
Germany
Finland
Belgium
Artists
MusicBrainz
People
Deutsche Biographie
Other
IdRef
|
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Cocciante","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Cocciante"},{"link_name":"Mango","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango_(singer)"},{"link_name":"Fred Bongusto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Bongusto"},{"link_name":"Franco Califano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Califano"},{"link_name":"Severino Gazzelloni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severino_Gazzelloni"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-curcio-3"},{"link_name":"Jeanne Mas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_Mas"},{"link_name":"EMI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-McFarland-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mas-5"},{"link_name":"Johnny, Johnny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny,_Johnny"},{"link_name":"En rouge et 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Arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Arena"},{"link_name":"Régine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gine_Zylberberg"},{"link_name":"Garou","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garou_(singer)"},{"link_name":"Bruno Pelletier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Pelletier"},{"link_name":"Marc Lavoine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Lavoine"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-McFarland-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bio-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-curcio-3"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lef-7"},{"link_name":"operatic pop genre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatic_pop"},{"link_name":"Luciano Pavarotti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti"},{"link_name":"Il Divo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Divo"},{"link_name":"Katherine Jenkins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Jenkins"},{"link_name":"Alessandro Safina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Safina"},{"link_name":"Vittorio Grigolo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Grigolo"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-McFarland-1"},{"link_name":"On écrit sur les murs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_%C3%A9crit_sur_les_murs"},{"link_name":"Demis Roussos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demis_Roussos"},{"link_name":"Kids United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kids_United"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-McFarland-1"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lef-7"}],"text":"Born in Rome, Musumarra approached music as a child, learning to play pipe organ at his church.[1] He studied piano, composition and conducting at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, and in 1975 he formed the melodic pop-rock group La Bottega dell'Arte, with whom he achieved some significant success throughout the 1970s.[2][3] Besides his work with the band, in 1978 he made an electronic album called Automat together with Claudio Gizzi.[1][4]In 1983 he left La Bottega dell'Arte and devoted himself to the activity of arranger and composer, arranging among others works by Riccardo Cocciante, Mango, Fred Bongusto and Franco Califano, and composing the music for Severino Gazzelloni's album Azzurra.[3]In 1984, after listening to an audition of her, he asked to newcomer Jeanne Mas to record one of his compositions, \"Toute Première Fois\". After hearing the song, which featured an unusual mix of acoustic and electronic sounds for the time, EMI signed Mas and the resulting single was a great success in France,[1] reaching the number eight on the singles chart.[5] Musumarra continued his collaboration with Mas, composing and producing the tracks on her first two albums, including \"Johnny, Johnny\" and \"En rouge et noir\", both number one in the French chart.[1][5]Due to the success of his work with Jeanne Mas he was increasingly in demand by French artists, so at the end of 1985 he decided to move to France.[1][3] In 1986 he contributed to the musical success of Princess Stéphanie of Monaco, for whom he composed the hits \"Ouragan\" (initially proposed to Jeanne Mas) and \"Flash/One Love to Give\".[1][5] The same year he made his debut as a film score composer with Régis Wargnier's The Woman of My Life and was instrumental in launching Elsa Lunghini (then simply Elsa), for whom he wrote and produced the debut single \"T'en va pas\", number one in the French charts for two months.[1][6]In addition to launching new names, Musumarra has composed songs for established artists such as Celine Dion, Mireille Mathieu, Sylvie Vartan, Alain Delon, Nikka Costa, Dana Dawson, Hélène Ségara, Tina Arena, Régine, Garou, Bruno Pelletier, and Marc Lavoine.[1][2][3][7]Since the 2000s, he has dedicated himself to composing songs in the operatic pop genre, collaborating with Luciano Pavarotti, Il Divo, Katherine Jenkins, Alessandro Safina, Vittorio Grigolo, among others.[1] In 2016, his song \"On écrit sur les murs\", originally composed for Demis Roussos, reached number three in the French hit parade thanks to a cover by the group Kids United.[1][7]","title":"Life and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Woman of My Life","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Woman_of_My_Life"},{"link_name":"My True Love, My Wound","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_True_Love,_My_Wound"},{"link_name":"Maladie d'amour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_d%27amour_(film)"},{"link_name":"Faceless","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faceless_(1988_film)"},{"link_name":"L'enfance de l'art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27enfance_de_l%27art"},{"link_name":"Day of Atonement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_of_Atonement_(film)"},{"link_name":"The Teddy Bear","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Teddy_Bear"}],"text":"The Woman of My Life (1986)\nMy True Love, My Wound (1987)\nMaladie d'amour (1987)\nFaceless (1988)\nL'enfance de l'art (1988)\nDay of Atonement (1992)\nThe Teddy Bear (1994)","title":"Selected filmography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Knight of Arts and Letters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-McFarland-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bio-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-curcio-3"}],"text":"1988 - Knight of Arts and Letters[1][2][3]","title":"Honours"}]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Zilberberg
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Ronald Zilberberg
|
["1 Early and personal life","2 Skating career","3 References"]
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Israeli Olympic figure skater (born 1996)
Ronald ZilberbergPersonal informationNicknameRonyNationalityIsraeliBorn (1996-04-04) 4 April 1996 (age 28)Kiryat Shmona, IsraelHeight1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)SportCountryIsraelSportFigure skatingPartnerElizabeth BernardiniFormer partner(s)Adel Tankova Kimberly Berkovich Anna BolshemCoached byGalit Chait Moracci
Ronald Zilberberg (born 4 April 1996) is an Israeli Olympic figure skater. He competed for Israel at the 2018 Winter Olympics with Adel Tankova in Figure Skating in ice dancing and a team event in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
Early and personal life
Zilberberg was born in Kiryat Shmona, Israel, and is Jewish. He lives in Hackensack, New Jersey. His nickname is Roni.
Skating career
Zilberberg started skating in 2005. His club is Israel ISF. His former partners were Kimberly Berkovich and Anna Bolshem. He is coached by Galit Chait Moracci.
In 2017/2018, he and Adel Tankova won the Israeli National Championship, and came in 28th in the ISU European Ice Dance Championship.
Zilberberg and Tankova competed for Israel at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Figure Skating in ice dancing and a team event in Pyeongchang, South Korea. They scored 46.66 for the short dance event for an overall finish of 24th place.
References
^ a b c d e f g "Ronald Zilberberg"
^ "2018 Winter Olympics," Jewish Sports Review, March/April 2018, Vol. 11, No. 6, Issue 126, page 2.
^ "Figure Skating | Athlete Profile: Ronald ZILBERBERG - Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games"
^ "Athlete Profile-Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games". www.pyeongchang2018.com. Archived from the original on 2018-04-20. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
^ "Israel fails to qualify for Olympic figure skating finals," The Times of Israel.
This Israeli biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"reference":"\"Athlete Profile-Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games\". www.pyeongchang2018.com. Archived from the original on 2018-04-20. Retrieved 2018-02-17.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180420121738/https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/game-time/results/OWG2018/en/figure-skating/athlete-profile-n3019131-adel-tankova.htm","url_text":"\"Athlete Profile-Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games\""},{"url":"https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/game-time/results/OWG2018/en/figure-skating/athlete-profile-n3019131-adel-tankova.htm","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolyn_George
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Carolyn George
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["1 Life and career","2 References","3 Reviews","4 Articles","5 External links"]
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Carolyn GeorgeBorn(1927-09-06)September 6, 1927DiedFebruary 10, 2009(2009-02-10) (aged 81)New York City, U.S.NationalityAmericanEducationSchool of American Ballet and the school of the San Francisco BalletKnown forBalletSpouse
Jacques d'Amboise (m. 1956)Children4
Carolyn George (September 6, 1927 – February 10, 2009) was an American ballerina, photographer, and dance instructor.
Life and career
Born in Dallas, Texas, George was descended from some of the first settlers in Waco, Texas. She studied at the School of American Ballet (SAB) and at the San Francisco Ballet's school. She started her professional dance career in 1952 in Broadway musicals and joined New York City Ballet (NYCB) on its European tour that year in George Balanchine's Swan Lake.
She rose to the rank of soloist, created roles in Todd Bolender's Souvenirs, William Dollar's Five Gifts and Jerome Robbins' Fanfare and appeared in the 1954 revival of On Your Toes, which Balanchine had choreographed.
It was at NYCB that she met her husband Jacques d'Amboise, whom she married on New Years Day, 1956. The couple had four children, including dancers Christopher, who is married to Kelly Crandell, and Charlotte, who is married to Terrence Mann.
Until her death George continued to work as a photographer, having begun at NYCB and SAB; her work appears in her son's autobiography Leap Year: A Year in the Life of a Dancer. She died on February 10, 2009, at her Manhattan home from primary lateral sclerosis, at the age of 81.
Photographs for the book, by Jacques d'Amboise and Hope Cooke, titled Teaching the Magic of Dance, published by Simon & Schuster.
References
^ Carolyn George d'Amboise, Former Dancer Who Helped Inspire Kids With Dance, Has Died Archived February 14, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
Reviews
NY Times by John Martin, January 21, 1953
NY Times by John Martin, May 7, 1953
NY Times, March 1, 1954
NY Times, September 18, 1954
NY Times by John Martin, February 18, 1955
Sunday NY Times by John Martin, October 23, 1955
NY Times by John Martin, November 10, 1955
NY Times by John Martin, November 14, 1955
NY Times by John Martin, November 18, 1955
NY Times, December 14, 1955
NY Times by John Martin, March 1, 1956
Articles
Sunday NY Times by John Martin, August 24, 1958
NY Times obituary by Anna Kisselgoff, February 12, 2009
External links
Carolyn George at IMDb
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
United States
Artists
Photographers' Identities
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She studied at the School of American Ballet (SAB) and at the San Francisco Ballet's school. She started her professional dance career in 1952 in Broadway musicals and joined New York City Ballet (NYCB) on its European tour that year in George Balanchine's Swan Lake.She rose to the rank of soloist, created roles in Todd Bolender's Souvenirs, William Dollar's Five Gifts and Jerome Robbins' Fanfare and appeared in the 1954 revival of On Your Toes, which Balanchine had choreographed.It was at NYCB that she met her husband Jacques d'Amboise, whom she married on New Years Day, 1956. The couple had four children, including dancers Christopher, who is married to Kelly Crandell, and Charlotte, who is married to Terrence Mann.Until her death George continued to work as a photographer, having begun at NYCB and SAB; her work appears in her son's autobiography Leap Year: A Year in the Life of a Dancer. She died on February 10, 2009, at her Manhattan home from primary lateral sclerosis, at the age of 81.[1]Photographs for the book, by Jacques d'Amboise and Hope Cooke, titled Teaching the Magic of Dance, published by Simon & Schuster[clarification needed].","title":"Life and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"NY Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0E10F93458177B93C3AB178AD85F478585F9"},{"link_name":"John Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Martin_(dance_critic)"},{"link_name":"NY Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0815F73C5B157A93C5A9178ED85F478585F9"},{"link_name":"John Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Martin_(dance_critic)"},{"link_name":"NY Times, March 1, 1954","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.nytimes.com/1954/03/01/archives/robbins-night-at-ballet-four-of-the-choreographers-works-danced-at.html"},{"link_name":"NY Times, September 18, 1954","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.nytimes.com/1954/09/18/archives/five-gifts-at-center-city-ballet-performs-dollars-work-swan-lake.html"},{"link_name":"NY Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.nytimes.com/1955/02/18/archives/ballet-by-balanchine-choreography-to-mendelssohns-scotch-symphony.html"},{"link_name":"John Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Martin_(dance_critic)"},{"link_name":"Sunday NY Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0A14FB3A5E127A93C1AB178BD95F418585F9"},{"link_name":"John Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Martin_(dance_critic)"},{"link_name":"NY Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.nytimes.com/1955/11/10/archives/ballet-3-by-balanchine-pas-de-dix-with-tallchief-and-eglevsky-is.html"},{"link_name":"John Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Martin_(dance_critic)"},{"link_name":"NY Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.nytimes.com/1955/11/14/archives/city-ballet-stages-weekend-of-firsts.html"},{"link_name":"John Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Martin_(dance_critic)"},{"link_name":"NY Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.nytimes.com/1955/11/18/archives/ballet-magallanes-dances-orpheus-beautiful-work-offered-at-the-city.html"},{"link_name":"John Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Martin_(dance_critic)"},{"link_name":"NY Times, December 14, 1955","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.nytimes.com/1955/12/14/archives/city-ballet-offers-repertory-program.html"},{"link_name":"NY Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.nytimes.com/1956/03/01/archives/ballet-comedy-night-three-of-four-numbers-on-city-center-program.html"},{"link_name":"John Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Martin_(dance_critic)"}],"text":"NY Times by John Martin, January 21, 1953\nNY Times by John Martin, May 7, 1953\nNY Times, March 1, 1954\nNY Times, September 18, 1954\nNY Times by John Martin, February 18, 1955\nSunday NY Times by John Martin, October 23, 1955\nNY Times by John Martin, November 10, 1955\nNY Times by John Martin, November 14, 1955\nNY Times by John Martin, November 18, 1955\nNY Times, December 14, 1955\nNY Times by John Martin, March 1, 1956","title":"Reviews"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sunday NY Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.nytimes.com/1958/08/24/archives/dance-rivalry-three-ballets-set-september-seasons-new-york-city.html"},{"link_name":"John Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Martin_(dance_critic)"},{"link_name":"NY Times obituary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.nytimes.com/2009/02/12/arts/dance/12george.html"},{"link_name":"Anna Kisselgoff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Kisselgoff"}],"text":"Sunday NY Times by John Martin, August 24, 1958\n\n\n\n\nNY Times obituary by Anna Kisselgoff, February 12, 2009","title":"Articles"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_Sayings
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Family Sayings
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["1 Published versions"]
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Book by Natalia Ginzburg
Family Sayings (Original title Lessico famigliare) is a novel by the Italian author Natalia Ginzburg, first published in 1963. The book, which has also been published in English under the titles The Things We Used to Say and Family Lexicon, is a semi-biographical description of aspects of the daily life of her family, dominated by her father, the renowned histologist, Giuseppe Levi. The book is both an ironic and affectionate chronicle of life in the period 1920-1950, portrayed in terms of habits, behavior and, above all, linguistic communications, from which the book takes its title. People and events are brought to life by what they do and what they say. In addition to family members, including her mother, father, brothers and sisters the book also describes many friends and acquaintances.
The book covers the period of fascism in Italy and the early post-war years. It describes the death in custody of her husband Leone Ginzburg, a noted anti-fascist, and the persecution of the Jews in Italy during the period of Benito Mussolini. It ends with the suicide of the writer Cesare Pavese in 1950 and disillusionment at the failure to achieve the aims of the war-time resistance movement.
The novel won the Strega Prize in 1963.
Published versions
Ginzburg, Natalia (1963). Lessico Famigliare (16th ed.). Einaudi. ISBN 9788806174293.
English translations
Ginzburg, Natalia (1963). Family Sayings. Translated by D.M. Low. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1611457964.
Ginzburg, Natalia (1977). The Things We Used to Say. Translated by Judith Woolf. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 1559704675.
Ginzburg, Natalia (2017). Family Lexicon. Translated by Jenny McPhee. New York Review Books Classics. ISBN 1590178386.
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
France
BnF data
Germany
Israel
United States
Other
IdRef
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Natalia Ginzburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalia_Ginzburg"},{"link_name":"Giuseppe Levi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Levi"},{"link_name":"fascism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism"},{"link_name":"Leone Ginzburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leone_Ginzburg"},{"link_name":"persecution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_laws"},{"link_name":"Jews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews"},{"link_name":"Benito Mussolini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini"},{"link_name":"Cesare Pavese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Pavese"},{"link_name":"Strega Prize","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strega_Prize"}],"text":"Family Sayings (Original title Lessico famigliare) is a novel by the Italian author Natalia Ginzburg, first published in 1963. The book, which has also been published in English under the titles The Things We Used to Say and Family Lexicon, is a semi-biographical description of aspects of the daily life of her family, dominated by her father, the renowned histologist, Giuseppe Levi. The book is both an ironic and affectionate chronicle of life in the period 1920-1950, portrayed in terms of habits, behavior and, above all, linguistic communications, from which the book takes its title. People and events are brought to life by what they do and what they say. In addition to family members, including her mother, father, brothers and sisters the book also describes many friends and acquaintances.The book covers the period of fascism in Italy and the early post-war years. It describes the death in custody of her husband Leone Ginzburg, a noted anti-fascist, and the persecution of the Jews in Italy during the period of Benito Mussolini. It ends with the suicide of the writer Cesare Pavese in 1950 and disillusionment at the failure to achieve the aims of the war-time resistance movement.The novel won the Strega Prize in 1963.","title":"Family Sayings"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9788806174293","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788806174293"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1611457964","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1611457964"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1559704675","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1559704675"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1590178386","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1590178386"},{"link_name":"Authority control databases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3385248#identifiers"},{"link_name":"VIAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//viaf.org/viaf/200030394"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16225413d"},{"link_name":"BnF data","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16225413d"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//d-nb.info/gnd/4280440-1"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007761388705171"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//id.loc.gov/authorities/n2016041788"},{"link_name":"IdRef","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.idref.fr/059280484"}],"text":"Ginzburg, Natalia (1963). Lessico Famigliare (16th ed.). Einaudi. ISBN 9788806174293.\nEnglish translations\nGinzburg, Natalia (1963). Family Sayings. Translated by D.M. Low. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1611457964.\nGinzburg, Natalia (1977). The Things We Used to Say. Translated by Judith Woolf. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 1559704675.\nGinzburg, Natalia (2017). Family Lexicon. Translated by Jenny McPhee. New York Review Books Classics. ISBN 1590178386.Authority control databases International\nVIAF\nNational\nFrance\nBnF data\nGermany\nIsrael\nUnited States\nOther\nIdRef","title":"Published versions"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Ginzburg, Natalia (1963). Lessico Famigliare (16th ed.). Einaudi. ISBN 9788806174293.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788806174293","url_text":"9788806174293"}]},{"reference":"Ginzburg, Natalia (1963). Family Sayings. Translated by D.M. Low. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1611457964.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1611457964","url_text":"978-1611457964"}]},{"reference":"Ginzburg, Natalia (1977). The Things We Used to Say. Translated by Judith Woolf. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 1559704675.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1559704675","url_text":"1559704675"}]},{"reference":"Ginzburg, Natalia (2017). Family Lexicon. Translated by Jenny McPhee. New York Review Books Classics. ISBN 1590178386.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1590178386","url_text":"1590178386"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/200030394","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16225413d","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16225413d","external_links_name":"BnF data"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/4280440-1","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007761388705171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2016041788","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://www.idref.fr/059280484","external_links_name":"IdRef"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Red_Line
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Red Line (Baltimore)
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["1 Background","1.1 Red Line alternatives","1.2 Modified alternative 4C selected by governor","2 Cancellation and federal investigation","2.1 Federal investigation","3 Proposed route and stations","3.1 Red Line system features","4 Citizens' Advisory Council","4.1 Establishment of Council","4.2 First annual report to General Assembly","4.3 Council dispute over Alternative 4C","5 Red Line Community Compact","6 Community opposition to Alternative 4C","7 Support for Red Line and Political Action Committee","8 Plans revived","9 See also","10 References","11 External links"]
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Proposed public transit line
Red LineOverviewStatusRoute/mode selectionLocaleBaltimore, MarylandTerminiCenter for Medicare/Medicaid Services, Woodlawn, Baltimore County (West)Bayview MARC station (East)Stations20–23ServiceTypeLight rail or bus rapid transitSystemMaryland Transit AdministrationOperator(s)Maryland Transit AdministrationTechnicalTrack gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Route map
Legend
Alternatives 1 & 3
Center for Medicare/Medicaid Services
Security Square Mall
I-695
Social Security Administration
I-70 Park and Ride
Cooks Lane tunnel
Edmondson Village
Allendale
Rosemont
West Baltimore*
Midtown Edmondson*
Harlem Park*
Poppleton
Howard Street/University Center/Baltimore Arena
Inner Harbor | Charles Center
Harbor East
Fells Point
Canton
Canton Crossing
Highlandtown/Greektown
I-895
Bayview
Bayview MARC
All stations are accessible
Alternatives 2A & 4A
Center for Medicare/Medicaid Services
Security Square Mall
I-695
Social Security Administration
I-70 Park and Ride
Edmondson Village
Allendale
Rosemont
West Baltimore*
Midtown Edmondson*
Harlem Park*
Lexington Terrace*
Poppleton
Howard Street/University Center/Baltimore Arena
Inner Harbor | Charles Center
Market Place | Shot Tower
Harbor East
Fells Point
Chester
Canton
Highlandtown
I-895
Bayview
Bayview MARC
All stations are accessible
Alternatives 2B & 4B
Center for Medicare/Medicaid Services
Security Square Mall
I-695
Social Security Administration
I-70 Park and Ride
Edmondson Village
Allendale
Rosemont
West Baltimore*
Midtown Edmondson*
Harlem Park*
Lexington Terrace*
Poppleton
Howard Street/University Center/Baltimore Arena
Inner Harbor
Market Place
Harbor East
Fells Point
Aliceanna
Canton
Canton Crossing
Highlandtown/Greektown
I-895
Bayview
Bayview MARC
All stations are accessible
This diagram: viewtalkedit
The Red Line is a proposed east–west transit line for Baltimore, Maryland. The original project was granted federal approval to enter the preliminary engineering phase and the Maryland Transit Administration had spent roughly $300 million in planning, design and land acquisition, until Maryland Governor Larry Hogan declared his intent to not provide state funds for the project and shift state funding to roads in suburban areas. The original Red Line had been projected to cost roughly $1.6 billion, $900 million of which would have been guaranteed federal funding. Its construction had been estimated to begin in late 2015–early 2016, subject to funding, with a completion date set for late 2021–early 2022.
While campaigning for governor, Hogan characterized the project as a "boondoggle". Hogan's shift of state priorities to road funding has resulted in the construction of several major projects near properties owned by his company, leading to allegations of corruption. The Red Line cancellation was briefly investigated by the United States Department of Transportation for being in possible violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, since his decision shifted a large quantity of state money from predominantly Black and low-income neighborhoods into affluent and predominantly white areas, but the investigation was closed with no finding.
The project was classed as inactive; however, after several groups continued to campaign for its construction, the State, under Governor Wes Moore, brought back the project in June 2023. By that November, it was undergoing updated route evaluations and mode selection.
Background
Red LineOverviewStatusCanceled by Governor Larry Hogan in June 2015LocaleBaltimore, MarylandTerminiCenter for Medicare/Medicaid Services, Woodlawn, Baltimore County (West)Johns Hopkins Bayview Campus, Baltimore City (East)Stations19 (planned)ServiceTypeLight railSystemMaryland Transit AdministrationOperator(s)Maryland Transit AdministrationDaily ridership54,000 (2030 projection)HistoryPlanned openingafter 2026TechnicalLine length14.1 mi (22.7 km)Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gaugeElectrification750 V DC overheadOperating speedAverage 18 mph
Route map
Legend
Alternative 4C (2009)
Center for Medicare/Medicaid Services
Security Square Mall
I-695
Woodlawn Drive
Social Security Administration
I-70 Park and Ride
Cooks Lane tunnel
Edmondson Village
Allendale Street
Rosemont
West Baltimore
Harlem Park
Poppleton
Baltimore Arena
Charles Center
Inner Harbor
Harbor East
Fells Point
Canton
Canton Crossing
Highlandtown/Greektown
I-895
Bayview
Bayview Campus
This diagram: viewtalkedit
In 2001, then-Maryland Secretary of Transportation John Porcari appointed a 23-member independent commission, the Baltimore Region Rail System Plan Advisory Committee, to make suggestions for new rail lines and expansions of existing lines. The proposals used a unified branding scheme for the existing lines and the proposed new lines, identifying each line by a color, as the Washington Metro and many other transit agencies do.
The suggested system was composed of six color-coded lines with an overall length of 109 miles (175 km) and 122 stations, including Baltimore's existing Metro SubwayLink and Light RailLink systems. In the commission's report, the Red Line was an east–west line that would begin at the Social Security Administration offices in Woodlawn in Baltimore County, travel through West Baltimore with an intermodal stop at the West Baltimore MARC station, pass through downtown (where transfers to the existing Metro Subway and Light Rail lines would be possible), and pass through East Baltimore with stops in Fells Point, Canton, and Patterson Park. The Red Line was designated by the commission as the starting component for new work on the 6-line system.
Out of the commission's various proposals, the Red Line was taken up with the most enthusiasm by area officials. Progress was slowed by a debate between state Secretary of Transportation Robert Flanagan and the Baltimore City government and Congressional delegation over the mode of transportation; Flanagan favored a bus rapid transit (BRT) solution with separate right-of-way components like Boston's Silver Line, while the city officials favored a light rail or heavy rail line and insisted that both modes of rail transit be included in studies.
Heavy rail was dismissed by Flanagan as an alternative, due to an estimated cost of $2.2 billion to $2.6 billion. With ridership of Baltimore's existing Metro system at only 45,000 at the time of his appointment, he did not expect the Red Line to reach the 140,000 to 150,000 ridership level necessary to attract federal funding for heavy rail.
Red Line alternatives
Baltimore Rail Plan featuring the east–west Red Line.
The Red Line would connect to the Light Rail at University Center.
The Red Line would connect to the Metro Subway at Charles Center.
No.
Alternative
Length(miles)
Cost (millions)(2007 prices)
Travel timeend to end(minutes)
AverageWeekdayRidership
1
No Build
13.9
n/a
80
n/a
2
TSM
14.3
$281
76
17,600
3A
BRT, surface only
13.8
$545
62
31,400
3B
BRT, downtown tunnel
14.9
$1,019
56
37,400
3C
BRT, downtown tunnel,Cooks Lane tunnel
14.7
$1,151
53
37,400
3D
BRT, maximum tunnel
13.7
$2,404
43
41,500
3E
BRT, surface only,Johnnycake Rd. alignment
14.8
$571
69
29,300
3F
BRT, TSM surface,downtown tunnel
14.8
$755
65
34,300
4A
LRT, surface only
13.9
$930
55
34,600
4B
LRT, downtown tunnel
14.6
$1,498
43
41,100
4C
LRT, downtown tunnel, Cooks Lane tunnel
14.6
$1,631
41
42,100
4D
LRT, maximum tunnel
13.7
$2,463
36
42,300
TSM: Transportation systems management (using the existing bus system, with modifications to signalling, lane assignments, and controls)
BRT: Bus rapid transit
LRT: Light rail transit
Modified alternative 4C selected by governor
Governor O'Malley oversaw much of the Red Line's planning and engineering.
Governor Hogan canceled the project in 2015, diverting funding away from Baltimore to rural Maryland.
In August 2009, then-Governor Martin O'Malley (who was also a former mayor of Baltimore) selected a modified version of the Light Rail Alternative 4C, which became known as the "Locally Preferred Alternative (LPA)." The modification eliminated two stations and a small parking lot from the original Alternative 4C plans, but included an expansion of parking at the West Baltimore MARC station.
Two features of the original Alternative 4C plan, considered important by the Citizens Advisory Council, remained part of the Locally Preferred Alternative:
Much of the proposed route through West Baltimore ran generally along U.S. Route 40, including the depressed freeway section left over from the cancellation of Interstates 70 and 170 within the city limits. This freeway section was built to accommodate a transit line in the median, and the Red Line would most likely have used this route to achieve grade separation though the area. The western end of former I-170 was demolished in 2010 to allow for additional parking and median access for the Red Line. A similar modification was also planned for the eastern end of former I-70, where the MD 122/Security Boulevard interchange would be converted to an at-grade intersection, and a new Park & Ride lot would have been built to replace the one that sits east of said interchange. At the rebuilt intersection, the Red Line would have gone through the western portal of the Cooks Lane tunnel, MD 122 would have tied directly into Forest Park Avenue, and Cooks Boulevard would have been a westward extension of Cooks Lane, built as a surface road on the old I-70 alignment. Although the modifications have not yet occurred, I-70 from MD 122 to I-695 was decommissioned in 2014 and now ends at its stack interchange with I-695; the freeway east of I-695 carries the unsigned designation of MD 570.
The LPA provided for the line to go underground along Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard and to surface on Boston Street near the Can Company in Canton, bypassing downtown Baltimore's narrow streets and crowded traffic conditions. Another tunnel bypasses Cooks Lane, but the original LPA version reduced the tunnel to a single track alignment. Adjustments to the LPA were later made to allow a second track in the Cooks Lane tunnel.
With the Federal Transit Administration's approval in June 2011 to start preliminary engineering, the project made its first step beyond the concept stage; however, the FTA estimated daily ridership for the completed system at 57,000 and expected it to cost a total of $2.2 billion with inflation included. Henry Kay, MTA's deputy administrator, estimated the cost of preliminary engineering at $65 million. The state would have had to pay preliminary engineering costs, but Kay said that these and other upfront costs would be eligible for federal reimbursement.
Cancellation and federal investigation
Governor Larry Hogan, who was elected in 2014, announced on June 25, 2015 that he had canceled funding for the Red Line. During his 2014 campaign, Hogan had complained about the cost of the proposed Red Line for Baltimore, calling it a "boondoggle", and a proposed Purple Line for the Maryland suburbs of Washington, DC; however, he ultimately allowed the Purple Line to begin construction with reduced funding.
Federal investigation
On December 21, 2015, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), together with the American Civil Liberties Union of Maryland and Baltimore Regional Initiative Developing Genuine Equality (BRIDGE) filed a complaint pursuant to Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the U.S. Department of Transportation Departmental Office of Civil Rights. The complaint challenged Governor Hogan's decision to cancel the Red Line on the basis of discrimination against Baltimore's predominantly African American population that would have benefited from the infrastructure project. Furthermore, the complaint highlighted that Governor Hogan's decision shifted funding away from public transportation dependent citizens, and instead was dedicated towards highway projects in primarily white rural and suburban areas of the state.
On January 19, 2017, the last day of the Obama Administration, the Department of Transportation announced it expanded its investigation into Governor Hogan's decision to cancel the Red Line, as well as the rest of MDOT's programs to determine whether federal law was violated. In addition, the DOT stated that the state transportation agency did not take the federal law into account or the adverse impact it would have on African-Americans, nor did the Governor seek any input from MDOT in making the decision. In July 2017 the DOT announced that it was closing its investigation with no finding.
Proposed route and stations
The alignment for the Red Line would have followed an east–west path. Starting from the west, the proposed stations were as follows:
Station Name
Parking
Connection
Station Location
Points of Interest
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
no
79, 78, CityLink Blue, 31
Security Blvd / CMS Entrance
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Department of Health and Human Services, General Services Administration
Security Square Mall
79, CityLink Blue, 31, 37, 107
Security Blvd / Belmont Av
Security Square Mall, Security Station Shopping Center
Social Security Administration
(A)
79, 31, CityLink Blue
Woodlawn Dr / Parallel Dr
Social Security Administration, Southwest Academy, Woodlawn
I-70 Park and Ride
79, CityLink Blue
Parallel Dr / Ingleside Av
East Social Security Administration, Gwynns Falls Trail
Tunnel portal at city/county line under Cooks Lane and resurface along Edmondson Avenue
Edmondson Village
78, 77, 38, CityLink Blue, 150
Edmondson Av / Swann Av
Edmondson Village Shopping Center, Enoch Pratt Free Library Edmondson Branch, Uplands, Westside Skills Center
Allendale
no
77, 38, CityLink Blue
Edmondson Av / Allendale St
Gwynns Falls Leakin Park, Lyndhurst Park
Rosemont
no
78, 29, 77, 38, CityLink Blue, 80
W. Franklin St/Poplar Grove St
Franklintown Road Business Area, Rosemont Park, Western Cemetery
West Baltimore MARC
77, CityLink Blue/Orange/Green/Pink/, 80, 40, 163, 150 MARC Penn Line,
W. Mulberry St / N. Smallwood St
Bentalou Recreation Center, Grace Medical Center
Harlem Park
no
CityLink Navy
U.S. Route 40 / Carey St
Edgar Allan Poe House & Museum, Franklin Square, Harlem Square Park, Lafayette Square
Poppleton
(R)
80
N. Fremont Av / W. Baltimore St.
Baltimore Center Medical Examiner Office, Perkins Square, Lexington Terrace, Little Lithuania Park, Lithuanian Hall, University of Maryland BioPark
Tunnel portal along Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard
Howard Street/University Center
(P)
CityLink Navy, CityLink Purple, 65, CityLink Red, CityLink Yellow, CityLink Blue/Orange, 76, 120, 160, 310?, 320?, 410?, 411?, 420?
Light Rail
W. Lombard St / S. Howard St
Bromo Arts District, Camden Yards, Royal Farms Arena, University of Maryland, Westside
Inner Harbor
(P)
65, CityLink Red, CityLink Navy, 51, 54, 91 Metro Subway
CCC: Orange, Purple
W. Lombard St / S. Charles St
Downtown Baltimore, Financial District, Harborplace, Market Place, McKeldin Square, National Aquarium, Power Plant Live!, Pratt Street Power Plant, World Trade Center
Harbor East
(P)
31
CCC: Orange, Green
Fleet St / S. Central Av
Harbor East Shopping District, Harbor Point, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Little Italy Pier Six Pavilion, Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture
Fells Point
no
CityLink Gold, CityLink Navy
Fleet St / S. Broadway
Broadway Market, Fells Point, Maritime Park, Thames Street Park, Upper Fell's Point
Tunnel portal along Boston Street
Canton
CityLink Navy, 65
Boston St / O'Donnell St
The Can Company, O'Donnell Square, Patterson Park, Saint Casmir's Park
Canton Crossing
CityLink Navy, 65
Boston St / Conkling St
Brewers Hill, Canton Crossing Shopping Center, Clarence H. "Du" Burns Arena, Canton Waterfront Park, Charm City Skate Park
Highlandtown/Greektown
no
CityLink Navy, 22
Eastern Av / Janney St
Enoch Pratt Free Library Southeast Anchor Branch, Greektown, Highlandtown, Kresson, Markets at Highlandtown
Viaduct between Highlandtown station and Bayview MARC station
Bayview
(F)
22, CityLink Orange/Blue
Alpha Commons Dr / Bayview Blvd
Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, National Institute on Aging
East Baltimore/Bayview MARC
22, 59, 63, CityLink Orange/Blue
MARC Penn Line
E. Lombard St (east of Bioscience Dr)
East Baltimore/Bayview station, Pulaski Industrial Area, Joseph E. Lee Park, Patterson High School
Future extension to Dundalk
Eastern Avenue
no
CityLink Orange/Blue, 22, 40, 59, 63
Eastern Av / Dundalk Av
Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center
O'Donnell Street
no
63, CityLink Navy
Dundalk Av / O'Donnell St
Amazon Warehouse, Mt. Carmel Cemetery
Dundalk Center Place
(R)
CityLink Navy, 62, 63, 65, 163
Dundalk Av / Center Pl
CCBC Dundalk, Downtown Dundalk, St. Helena Park
NOTES
A authorized employee parking only
F facility parking only
P paid parking
R residential parking only
The Red Line would have occupied the central median of the infamous "Highway to Nowhere" (US 40).
The Inner Harbor station would connect to Charles Center (lower right) via an underground transfer.
Red Line system features
Feature
Proposed alignment
Overall length
14.5 mi (23.3 km)
Surface length
9.8 mi (15.8 km)
Tunnel length
3.9 mi (6.3 km)
Aerial length
0.8 mi (1.3 km)
Stations
20 total (15 surface, 5 underground)
Parking
6 stations with parking areas
Travel time
44 minutes (Woodlawn to Bayview)
Vehicles
34 light rail vehicles
Service frequency
8 minutes peak, 10 minutes off peak
Citizens' Advisory Council
Establishment of Council
The "Citizens' Advisory Council for the Baltimore Corridor Transit Study - Red Line" was established by the Maryland General Assembly in 2006.
Governor Robert Erlich vetoed the bills which originally created the Citizens' Advisory Council on May 26, 2006, and replaced it with the "Red Line Community Advisory Council." This 15-member Council was appointed entirely by the Governor.
At a special session in June 2006, the Legislature overrode the Governor's veto. The Council established by the Legislature also had 15 members, but only two could be appointed by the Governor. Five of the other Council members were appointed by the Senate President, five by the Speaker of the House, two by the Baltimore City Mayor and one by the Baltimore County Executive. Two co-chairs for the Council could be chosen by the Governor or the Maryland Transit Administrator from up to four nominees selected by the Senate President and Speaker of the House.
On July 30, 2007, an executive order by Governor Martin O'Malley restored the name originally selected by the Legislature.
First annual report to General Assembly
On September 9, 2008, the Red Line Citizens' Advisory Council voted unanimously to adopt its first report to the General Assembly, which included the statement that "Preparation of a SDEIS should begin now, as a collaborative effort between the MTA and the public in finding the best ways to invest over a billion dollars in Baltimore's transportation infrastructure in keeping with the vision of the 2002 Plan."
Council dispute over Alternative 4C
A recommendation for Alternative 4C (light rail with a downtown tunnel and a Cooks Lane tunnel) was approved by a vote of five to two at the Citizens' Advisory Council meeting on December 11, 2008. Two of the nine members present abstained.
Red Line Community Compact
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This document, signed by city and state officials, and 72 leaders of community organizations on September 12, 2008, described how they intended to build and operate the Red Line for the benefit of Baltimore and its communities. The Community Compact emphasized four main points:
Put Baltimore to work on the Red Line: encourage and promote local and minority contract participation.
Make the Red Line green: include green space and environmental improvements into the project.
Community-centered station design, development and stewardship
Reduce impact of construction on communities
Mayor Sheila Dixon appointed leaders from city government, non-profit and citizen groups, and the business community to a 40-member steering committee to implement each part of the Community Compact. The Red Line Community Compact Steering Committee held their first meeting on February 19, 2009; the group was scheduled to meet quarterly throughout the life of the project.
The decision at the meeting on December 11, 2008 was disputed at another Advisory Council meeting on July 9, 2009, where 11 members were present. A six to five vote favored rescinding the previous decision for Alternative 4C. Council Chair Angela Bethea-Spearman ruled that the motion to rescind failed, because the vote was less than a 2/3 majority. She cited "Robert's Rules" as the criteria for requiring a 2/3 majority and denying the rescision.
Community opposition to Alternative 4C
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Beginning in late 2008, Baltimore City favored the "4C Alternative" selected by Governor O'Malley in 2009, which was endorsed by Mayor Sheila Dixon; however, the 2008 Citizens Advisory Council annual report commented on the opposition of community groups to surface rail alignments through residential neighborhoods.
A letter from the Allendale Community Association, read at a meeting of the Citizens Advisory Council on December 11, 2008, expressed the Association's opposition to Alternative 4C and any surface rail construction along Edmondson Avenue.
The West–East Coalition (WEC) Against Red Line Alternative 4C, established in June 2009, represented community associations, homeowners groups, businesses, and religious groups opposed to the Alternative 4C. Its now-defunct website explained that the organization considered the proposed light rail alignment to be a detriment to communities on both the East and West sides of Baltimore.
In a letter to Governor Martin O'Malley, Senator Barbara Mikulski, Senator Benjamin Cardin, Congressman Elijah Cummings, Congressman John P. Sarbanes, and Mayor Sheila Dixon on July 13, 2009, the WEC described concerns about the effects of double-tracked surface rail, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.
In 2009, the WEC circulated a petition against the surface Red Line in the Canton neighborhood. It delivered 1,350 signed cards to Governor O'Malley on July 31, 2009.
Support for Red Line and Political Action Committee
In the summer of 2011 the Red Line Now Political Action Committee (PAC) was established to voice the support of residents of Baltimore City for the funding and construction of Alternative 4C. Its website stated that the organization was staffed on a volunteer basis and planned to support local politicians that supported the construction of the Red Line. Red Line Now PAC was governed by a nine-member board of directors who were citizen volunteers who lived and/or worked along what would have been the Red Line corridor. The board members represented the Midtown, Edmondson, Canton, Fells Point, Patterson Park, and Greektown communities.
Plans revived
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act contains a provision on project reentry which directs the United States Secretary of Transportation to "provide full and fair consideration to projects that seek an updated rating after a period of inactivity." This provision was sought by Maryland Senator Ben Cardin with the intent to allow for the Red Line and other canceled transit projects to be renewed. On June 15, 2023, Governor Wes Moore announced that he would restart efforts to build the Red Line in a ceremony with Baltimore mayor Brandon Scott. The state Department of Transportation plans to identify possible route alignments, gauge public feedback, and study the project's costs and benefits over the course of the rest of the year. In the meantime, the MTA will provide limited-stop bus service between Catonsville and Essex beginning in August 2023. Officials have not yet decided whether the route will be run by bus rapid transit or light rail. MTA released six new alternative routes for the project that September – two alternatives featured tunnel segments and alignments similar to the canceled 2009 route.
See also
Green Line - a proposed rail line in Baltimore from Johns Hopkins Hospital to Morgan State University.
Yellow Line - a proposed rail line from Hunt Valley to Columbia Town Center.
Charles Street Trolley - a proposed trolley line in northern Baltimore, backed by a non-MTA group.
References
^ a b c Campbell, Colin (September 11, 2020). "Five years later, many across Baltimore bitterly lament Gov. Hogan's decision to kill the Red Line light rail". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
^ a b Michael Dresser (June 25, 2015). "Hogan says no to Red Line, yes to Purple". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
^ Kilgore, Ed (January 8, 2020). "Maryland Governor Accused of Rerouting State Funds to Benefit His Business". Intelligencer. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
^ a b Rivera, Yvette (January 19, 2017). "In response to two separate complaints..." (PDF). Letter to Larry Hogan and Pete K. Rahn.
^ a b "Federal officials close civil rights complaint about Baltimore light-rail project". Washington Post. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
^ "Hogan says no to Red Line, yes to Purple". Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
^ Maryland Transit Administration. "Baltimore Region Rail System Plan Final Report" (PDF). Retrieved September 22, 2014.
^ a b Baltimore Red Line Mayor's Red Line information site. Retrieved 2010-1-8
^ a b Dori Berman (January 13, 2006). "New subway back in play?" (PDF). Daily Record. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
^ Michael Dresser (June 28, 2011). "Red Line gets a qualified go-ahead". The Baltimore Sun. p. 1.
^ Cox, Erin; Laris, Michael (June 16, 2023). "Wes Moore relaunches Baltimore's Red Line, but big questions remain". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ a b "BALTIMORE REGIONAL INITIATIVE DEVELOPING GENUINE EQUALITY, INC., and EARL ANDREWS, Individually, vs. STATE OF MARYLAND, MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, MARYLAND TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION, and MARYLAND STATE HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 28, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
^ "Civil Rights Groups Challenge Maryland Gov. Hogan's Red Line Cancellation". Streetsblog USA. December 21, 2015. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
^ a b Linderman, Juliet (January 23, 2017). "DOT expands investigation into canceled rail line in MD". The Washington Times. Associated Press.
^ Duncan, Ian (January 23, 2017). "On last day, Obama administration announced civil rights review of Maryland transportation". baltimoresun.com. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
^ a b Senate Bill 873 (2006) Maryland Department of Legislative Services, Library & Information Service. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
^ a b House Bill 1309 (2006) Maryland Department of Legislative Services, Library & Information Service. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
^ Governor's veto letter, May 26, 2006 retrieved 2010-1-29
^ Executive Orders 2006 Department of Legislative Services archives. See p. 13 for Executive Order 01.01.2006.04. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
^ "Red Line Now PAC". Retrieved September 26, 2011.
^ "Infrastructure bill would boost Metro funding, reopen door to Baltimore's Red Line project". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
^ Wood, Pamela (June 15, 2023). "Gov. Moore relaunches planning for Red Line transit in Baltimore". Baltimore Banner. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
^ Ng, Greg (June 15, 2023). "Moore relaunches Red Line east-west transit project in Baltimore". WBAL. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
^ Holt, Alex (June 21, 2023). "Red Line redemption: What Governor Moore's announcement means for Baltimore". ggwash.org. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ Olaniran, Christian (June 15, 2023). "Governor Moore announces plan to revive Baltimore Red Line project - CBS Baltimore". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
^ Olaniran, Christian (September 28, 2023). "MTA unveils alternative routes for Red Line transit project". CBS News Baltimore. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Baltimore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore"},{"link_name":"Maryland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland"},{"link_name":"Maryland Transit Administration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_Transit_Administration"},{"link_name":"Larry Hogan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Hogan"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Campbell-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cancelled-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Campbell-1"},{"link_name":"boondoggle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boondoggle"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Campbell-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"United States Department of Transportation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation"},{"link_name":"Civil Rights Act of 1964","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-s3.documentcloud.org-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-5"},{"link_name":"Wes Moore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Moore"}],"text":"The Red Line is a proposed east–west transit line for Baltimore, Maryland. The original project was granted federal approval to enter the preliminary engineering phase and the Maryland Transit Administration had spent roughly $300 million in planning, design and land acquisition, until Maryland Governor Larry Hogan declared his intent to not provide state funds for the project and shift state funding to roads in suburban areas.[1][2] The original Red Line had been projected to cost roughly $1.6 billion, $900 million of which would have been guaranteed federal funding.[1] Its construction had been estimated to begin in late 2015–early 2016, subject to funding, with a completion date set for late 2021–early 2022.While campaigning for governor, Hogan characterized the project as a \"boondoggle\".[1] Hogan's shift of state priorities to road funding has resulted in the construction of several major projects near properties owned by his company, leading to allegations of corruption.[3] The Red Line cancellation was briefly investigated by the United States Department of Transportation for being in possible violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,[4] since his decision shifted a large quantity of state money from predominantly Black and low-income neighborhoods into affluent and predominantly white areas, but the investigation was closed with no finding.[5]The project was classed as inactive; however, after several groups continued to campaign for its construction, the State, under Governor Wes Moore, brought back the project in June 2023. By that November, it was undergoing updated route evaluations and mode selection.","title":"Red Line (Baltimore)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"John Porcari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Porcari"},{"link_name":"existing lines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transit_in_Baltimore,_Maryland"},{"link_name":"Washington Metro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Metro"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Metro SubwayLink","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Metro_SubwayLink"},{"link_name":"Light RailLink","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Light_RailLink"},{"link_name":"Social Security Administration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Security_Administration"},{"link_name":"Woodlawn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodlawn,_Baltimore_County,_Maryland"},{"link_name":"Baltimore County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_County,_Maryland"},{"link_name":"intermodal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermodal_passenger_transport"},{"link_name":"MARC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARC_Train"},{"link_name":"Metro Subway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Metro_Subway"},{"link_name":"Light Rail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Light_Rail"},{"link_name":"Fells Point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fells_Point"},{"link_name":"Canton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton,_Baltimore"},{"link_name":"Patterson Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patterson_Park_(neighborhood),_Baltimore"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Go_Baltimore-8"},{"link_name":"Robert Flanagan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Flanagan_(politician)"},{"link_name":"bus rapid transit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit"},{"link_name":"Boston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston"},{"link_name":"Silver Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_Line_(MBTA)"},{"link_name":"light rail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_rail"},{"link_name":"heavy rail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_rail"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-New_Subway-9"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-New_Subway-9"}],"text":"In 2001, then-Maryland Secretary of Transportation John Porcari appointed a 23-member independent commission, the Baltimore Region Rail System Plan Advisory Committee, to make suggestions for new rail lines and expansions of existing lines. The proposals used a unified branding scheme for the existing lines and the proposed new lines, identifying each line by a color, as the Washington Metro and many other transit agencies do.[7]The suggested system was composed of six color-coded lines with an overall length of 109 miles (175 km) and 122 stations, including Baltimore's existing Metro SubwayLink and Light RailLink systems. In the commission's report, the Red Line was an east–west line that would begin at the Social Security Administration offices in Woodlawn in Baltimore County, travel through West Baltimore with an intermodal stop at the West Baltimore MARC station, pass through downtown (where transfers to the existing Metro Subway and Light Rail lines would be possible), and pass through East Baltimore with stops in Fells Point, Canton, and Patterson Park. The Red Line was designated by the commission as the starting component for new work on the 6-line system.[8]Out of the commission's various proposals, the Red Line was taken up with the most enthusiasm by area officials. Progress was slowed by a debate between state Secretary of Transportation Robert Flanagan and the Baltimore City government and Congressional delegation over the mode of transportation; Flanagan favored a bus rapid transit (BRT) solution with separate right-of-way components like Boston's Silver Line, while the city officials favored a light rail or heavy rail line and insisted that both modes of rail transit be included in studies.[9]Heavy rail was dismissed by Flanagan as an alternative, due to an estimated cost of $2.2 billion to $2.6 billion. With ridership of Baltimore's existing Metro system at only 45,000 at the time of his appointment, he did not expect the Red Line to reach the 140,000 to 150,000 ridership level necessary to attract federal funding for heavy rail.[9]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Baltimore_Rail_Plan.svg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BaltimoreLightRail.JPG"},{"link_name":"Light Rail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Light_Rail"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MTAM_Millford-Mill-departing-train.jpg"},{"link_name":"Metro Subway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Metro_Subway"},{"link_name":"Transportation systems management","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_systems_management"},{"link_name":"Bus rapid transit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit"},{"link_name":"Light rail transit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_rail"}],"sub_title":"Red Line alternatives","text":"Baltimore Rail Plan featuring the east–west Red Line.The Red Line would connect to the Light Rail at University Center.The Red Line would connect to the Metro Subway at Charles Center.TSM: Transportation systems management (using the existing bus system, with modifications to signalling, lane assignments, and controls)\nBRT: Bus rapid transit\nLRT: Light rail transit","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_100528-N-7029R-113_Maryland_Governor_Martin_J._O%27Malley_gives_remarks_during_the_U.S._Naval_Academy_2010_graduation_and_commissioning_ceremony.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:State_Of_The_State_(24186471853).jpg"},{"link_name":"Martin O'Malley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley"},{"link_name":"U.S. Route 40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_40_in_Maryland"},{"link_name":"freeway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeway"},{"link_name":"70","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_70_in_Maryland"},{"link_name":"170","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_170_(Maryland)"},{"link_name":"grade separation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_separation"},{"link_name":"I-695","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_695_(Maryland)"},{"link_name":"single track","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_track_(rail)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"sub_title":"Modified alternative 4C selected by governor","text":"Governor O'Malley oversaw much of the Red Line's planning and engineering.Governor Hogan canceled the project in 2015, diverting funding away from Baltimore to rural Maryland.In August 2009, then-Governor Martin O'Malley (who was also a former mayor of Baltimore) selected a modified version of the Light Rail Alternative 4C, which became known as the \"Locally Preferred Alternative (LPA).\" The modification eliminated two stations and a small parking lot from the original Alternative 4C plans, but included an expansion of parking at the West Baltimore MARC station.Two features of the original Alternative 4C plan, considered important by the Citizens Advisory Council, remained part of the Locally Preferred Alternative:Much of the proposed route through West Baltimore ran generally along U.S. Route 40, including the depressed freeway section left over from the cancellation of Interstates 70 and 170 within the city limits. This freeway section was built to accommodate a transit line in the median, and the Red Line would most likely have used this route to achieve grade separation though the area. The western end of former I-170 was demolished in 2010 to allow for additional parking and median access for the Red Line. A similar modification was also planned for the eastern end of former I-70, where the MD 122/Security Boulevard interchange would be converted to an at-grade intersection, and a new Park & Ride lot would have been built to replace the one that sits east of said interchange. At the rebuilt intersection, the Red Line would have gone through the western portal of the Cooks Lane tunnel, MD 122 would have tied directly into Forest Park Avenue, and Cooks Boulevard would have been a westward extension of Cooks Lane, built as a surface road on the old I-70 alignment. Although the modifications have not yet occurred, I-70 from MD 122 to I-695 was decommissioned in 2014 and now ends at its stack interchange with I-695; the freeway east of I-695 carries the unsigned designation of MD 570.\nThe LPA provided for the line to go underground along Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard and to surface on Boston Street near the Can Company in Canton, bypassing downtown Baltimore's narrow streets and crowded traffic conditions. Another tunnel bypasses Cooks Lane, but the original LPA version reduced the tunnel to a single track alignment. Adjustments to the LPA were later made to allow a second track in the Cooks Lane tunnel.With the Federal Transit Administration's approval in June 2011 to start preliminary engineering, the project made its first step beyond the concept stage; however, the FTA estimated daily ridership for the completed system at 57,000 and expected it to cost a total of $2.2 billion with inflation included. Henry Kay, MTA's deputy administrator, estimated the cost of preliminary engineering at $65 million. The state would have had to pay preliminary engineering costs, but Kay said that these and other upfront costs would be eligible for federal reimbursement.[10]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Purple Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_Line_(Maryland)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cancelled-2"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"text":"Governor Larry Hogan, who was elected in 2014, announced on June 25, 2015 that he had canceled funding for the Red Line. During his 2014 campaign, Hogan had complained about the cost of the proposed Red Line for Baltimore, calling it a \"boondoggle\", and a proposed Purple Line for the Maryland suburbs of Washington, DC; however, he ultimately allowed the Purple Line to begin construction with reduced funding.[2][11]","title":"Cancellation and federal investigation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People"},{"link_name":"American Civil Liberties Union of Maryland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union"},{"link_name":"Civil Rights Act of 1964","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964"},{"link_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Transportation"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-naacpldf.org-12"},{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-naacpldf.org-12"},{"link_name":"Obama Administration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-s3.documentcloud.org-4"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Linderman-14"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Linderman-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-5"}],"sub_title":"Federal investigation","text":"On December 21, 2015, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), together with the American Civil Liberties Union of Maryland and Baltimore Regional Initiative Developing Genuine Equality (BRIDGE) filed a complaint pursuant to Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the U.S. Department of Transportation Departmental Office of Civil Rights.[12] The complaint challenged Governor Hogan's decision to cancel the Red Line on the basis of discrimination against Baltimore's predominantly African American population that would have benefited from the infrastructure project.[13] Furthermore, the complaint highlighted that Governor Hogan's decision shifted funding away from public transportation dependent citizens, and instead was dedicated towards highway projects in primarily white rural and suburban areas of the state.[12]On January 19, 2017, the last day of the Obama Administration, the Department of Transportation announced it expanded its investigation into Governor Hogan's decision to cancel the Red Line, as well as the rest of MDOT's programs to determine whether federal law was violated.[4][14] In addition, the DOT stated that the state transportation agency did not take the federal law into account or the adverse impact it would have on African-Americans, nor did the Governor seek any input from MDOT in making the decision.[14][15] In July 2017 the DOT announced that it was closing its investigation with no finding.[5]","title":"Cancellation and federal investigation"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2016-05-11_09_44_11_View_east_along_U.S._Route_40_(former_Interstate_170)_from_the_overpass_for_U.S._Route_1_northbound_(North_Fulton_Avenue)_in_Baltimore_City,_Maryland.jpg"},{"link_name":"US 40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_40_in_Maryland"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2008_05_07_-_Baltimore_-_Baltimore_St_approaching_N_Charles_St_3.JPG"}],"text":"The alignment for the Red Line would have followed an east–west path. Starting from the west, the proposed stations were as follows:NOTESA authorized employee parking only\nF facility parking only\nP paid parking\nR residential parking onlyThe Red Line would have occupied the central median of the infamous \"Highway to Nowhere\" (US 40).The Inner Harbor station would connect to Charles Center (lower right) via an underground transfer.","title":"Proposed route and stations"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Red Line system features","title":"Proposed route and stations"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Citizens' Advisory Council"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SB873-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HB1309-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SB873-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HB1309-17"}],"sub_title":"Establishment of Council","text":"The \"Citizens' Advisory Council for the Baltimore Corridor Transit Study - Red Line\" was established by the Maryland General Assembly in 2006.[16][17]Governor Robert Erlich vetoed the bills which originally created the Citizens' Advisory Council on May 26, 2006, and replaced it with the \"Red Line Community Advisory Council.\" This 15-member Council was appointed entirely by the Governor.[18][19]At a special session in June 2006, the Legislature overrode the Governor's veto.[16][17] The Council established by the Legislature also had 15 members, but only two could be appointed by the Governor. Five of the other Council members were appointed by the Senate President, five by the Speaker of the House, two by the Baltimore City Mayor and one by the Baltimore County Executive. Two co-chairs for the Council could be chosen by the Governor or the Maryland Transit Administrator from up to four nominees selected by the Senate President and Speaker of the House.On July 30, 2007, an executive order by Governor Martin O'Malley restored the name originally selected by the Legislature.","title":"Citizens' Advisory Council"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"First annual report to General Assembly","text":"On September 9, 2008, the Red Line Citizens' Advisory Council voted unanimously to adopt its first report to the General Assembly, which included the statement that \"Preparation of a SDEIS [Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement] should begin now, as a collaborative effort between the MTA and the public in finding the best ways to invest over a billion dollars in Baltimore's transportation infrastructure in keeping with the vision of the 2002 Plan.\"","title":"Citizens' Advisory Council"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Council dispute over Alternative 4C","text":"A recommendation for Alternative 4C (light rail with a downtown tunnel and a Cooks Lane tunnel) was approved by a vote of five to two at the Citizens' Advisory Council meeting on December 11, 2008. Two of the nine members present abstained.","title":"Citizens' Advisory Council"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sheila Dixon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_Dixon"}],"text":"This document, signed by city and state officials, and 72 leaders of community organizations on September 12, 2008, described how they intended to build and operate the Red Line for the benefit of Baltimore and its communities. The Community Compact emphasized four main points:Put Baltimore to work on the Red Line: encourage and promote local and minority contract participation.\nMake the Red Line green: include green space and environmental improvements into the project.\nCommunity-centered station design, development and stewardship\nReduce impact of construction on communitiesMayor Sheila Dixon appointed leaders from city government, non-profit and citizen groups, and the business community to a 40-member steering committee to implement each part of the Community Compact. The Red Line Community Compact Steering Committee held their first meeting on February 19, 2009; the group was scheduled to meet quarterly throughout the life of the project.The decision at the meeting on December 11, 2008 was disputed at another Advisory Council meeting on July 9, 2009, where 11 members were present. A six to five vote favored rescinding the previous decision for Alternative 4C. Council Chair Angela Bethea-Spearman ruled that the motion to rescind failed, because the vote was less than a 2/3 majority. She cited \"Robert's Rules\" as the criteria for requiring a 2/3 majority and denying the rescision.","title":"Red Line Community Compact"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Barbara Mikulski","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski"},{"link_name":"Elijah Cummings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Cummings"},{"link_name":"John P. Sarbanes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_P._Sarbanes"}],"text":"Beginning in late 2008, Baltimore City favored the \"4C Alternative\" selected by Governor O'Malley in 2009, which was endorsed by Mayor Sheila Dixon; however, the 2008 Citizens Advisory Council annual report commented on the opposition of community groups to surface rail alignments through residential neighborhoods.A letter from the Allendale Community Association, read at a meeting of the Citizens Advisory Council on December 11, 2008, expressed the Association's opposition to Alternative 4C and any surface rail construction along Edmondson Avenue.The West–East Coalition (WEC) Against Red Line Alternative 4C, established in June 2009, represented community associations, homeowners groups, businesses, and religious groups opposed to the Alternative 4C. Its now-defunct website explained that the organization considered the proposed light rail alignment to be a detriment to communities on both the East and West sides of Baltimore.In a letter to Governor Martin O'Malley, Senator Barbara Mikulski, Senator Benjamin Cardin, Congressman Elijah Cummings, Congressman John P. Sarbanes, and Mayor Sheila Dixon on July 13, 2009, the WEC described concerns about the effects of double-tracked surface rail, traffic congestion, and safety concerns.In 2009, the WEC circulated a petition against the surface Red Line in the Canton neighborhood. It delivered 1,350 signed cards to Governor O'Malley on July 31, 2009.","title":"Community opposition to Alternative 4C"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Political Action Committee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_action_committee"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Red_Line_Now-20"},{"link_name":"Canton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton,_Baltimore"},{"link_name":"Fells Point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fell%27s_Point,_Baltimore"}],"text":"In the summer of 2011 the Red Line Now Political Action Committee (PAC) was established to voice the support of residents of Baltimore City for the funding and construction of Alternative 4C. Its website stated that the organization was staffed on a volunteer basis and planned to support local politicians that supported the construction of the Red Line.[20] Red Line Now PAC was governed by a nine-member board of directors who were citizen volunteers who lived and/or worked along what would have been the Red Line corridor. The board members represented the Midtown, Edmondson, Canton, Fells Point, Patterson Park, and Greektown communities.","title":"Support for Red Line and Political Action Committee"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act"},{"link_name":"United States Secretary of Transportation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation"},{"link_name":"Ben Cardin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Cardin"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Wes Moore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Moore"},{"link_name":"Brandon Scott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon_Scott"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Catonsville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catonsville,_Maryland"},{"link_name":"Essex","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex,_Maryland"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"bus rapid transit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit"},{"link_name":"light rail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_rail"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"}],"text":"The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act contains a provision on project reentry which directs the United States Secretary of Transportation to \"provide full and fair consideration to projects that seek an updated rating after a period of inactivity.\" This provision was sought by Maryland Senator Ben Cardin with the intent to allow for the Red Line and other canceled transit projects to be renewed.[21] On June 15, 2023, Governor Wes Moore announced that he would restart efforts to build the Red Line in a ceremony with Baltimore mayor Brandon Scott.[22] The state Department of Transportation plans to identify possible route alignments, gauge public feedback, and study the project's costs and benefits over the course of the rest of the year.[23] In the meantime, the MTA will provide limited-stop bus service between Catonsville and Essex beginning in August 2023.[24] Officials have not yet decided whether the route will be run by bus rapid transit or light rail.[25] MTA released six new alternative routes for the project that September – two alternatives featured tunnel segments and alignments similar to the canceled 2009 route.[26]","title":"Plans revived"}]
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[{"image_text":"Baltimore Rail Plan featuring the east–west Red Line.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Baltimore_Rail_Plan.svg/220px-Baltimore_Rail_Plan.svg.png"},{"image_text":"The Red Line would connect to the Light Rail at University Center.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/BaltimoreLightRail.JPG/220px-BaltimoreLightRail.JPG"},{"image_text":"The Red Line would connect to the Metro Subway at Charles Center.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/MTAM_Millford-Mill-departing-train.jpg/220px-MTAM_Millford-Mill-departing-train.jpg"},{"image_text":"Governor O'Malley oversaw much of the Red Line's planning and engineering.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/US_Navy_100528-N-7029R-113_Maryland_Governor_Martin_J._O%27Malley_gives_remarks_during_the_U.S._Naval_Academy_2010_graduation_and_commissioning_ceremony.jpg/220px-US_Navy_100528-N-7029R-113_Maryland_Governor_Martin_J._O%27Malley_gives_remarks_during_the_U.S._Naval_Academy_2010_graduation_and_commissioning_ceremony.jpg"},{"image_text":"Governor Hogan canceled the project in 2015, diverting funding away from Baltimore to rural Maryland.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/State_Of_The_State_%2824186471853%29.jpg/220px-State_Of_The_State_%2824186471853%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"The Red Line would have occupied the central median of the infamous \"Highway to Nowhere\" (US 40).","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2016-05-11_09_44_11_View_east_along_U.S._Route_40_%28former_Interstate_170%29_from_the_overpass_for_U.S._Route_1_northbound_%28North_Fulton_Avenue%29_in_Baltimore_City%2C_Maryland.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg"},{"image_text":"The Inner Harbor station would connect to Charles Center (lower right) via an underground transfer.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/2008_05_07_-_Baltimore_-_Baltimore_St_approaching_N_Charles_St_3.JPG/220px-2008_05_07_-_Baltimore_-_Baltimore_St_approaching_N_Charles_St_3.JPG"}]
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[{"title":"Green Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Line_(Baltimore)"},{"title":"Johns Hopkins Hospital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital"},{"title":"Morgan State University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_State_University"},{"title":"Yellow Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Line_(Baltimore)"},{"title":"Hunt Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunt_Valley,_Maryland"},{"title":"Columbia Town Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_Center,_Columbia,_Maryland"},{"title":"Charles Street Trolley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Street_Trolley"}]
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[{"reference":"Campbell, Colin (September 11, 2020). \"Five years later, many across Baltimore bitterly lament Gov. Hogan's decision to kill the Red Line light rail\". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved November 14, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.baltimoresun.com/politics/bs-md-pol-red-line-five-years-20200911-b2d3knvbpngdrirbc44fd55pti-story.html","url_text":"\"Five years later, many across Baltimore bitterly lament Gov. Hogan's decision to kill the Red Line light rail\""}]},{"reference":"Michael Dresser (June 25, 2015). \"Hogan says no to Red Line, yes to Purple\". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved June 25, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-hogan-transportation-20150624-story.html","url_text":"\"Hogan says no to Red Line, yes to Purple\""}]},{"reference":"Kilgore, Ed (January 8, 2020). \"Maryland Governor Accused of Rerouting State Funds to Benefit His Business\". Intelligencer. Retrieved November 14, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/01/hogan-accused-of-mixing-family-business-with-road-projects.html","url_text":"\"Maryland Governor Accused of Rerouting State Funds to Benefit His Business\""}]},{"reference":"Rivera, Yvette (January 19, 2017). \"In response to two separate complaints...\" (PDF). Letter to Larry Hogan and Pete K. Rahn.","urls":[{"url":"http://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/3404919/Red-Line-Compliance-Review-Letter.pdf","url_text":"\"In response to two separate complaints...\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Hogan","url_text":"Larry Hogan"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pete_K._Rahn&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Pete K. Rahn"}]},{"reference":"\"Federal officials close civil rights complaint about Baltimore light-rail project\". Washington Post. Retrieved August 3, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/federal-officials-close-civil-rights-complaint-about-baltimore-light-rail-project/2017/07/13/dda1e216-680e-11e7-8eb5-cbccc2e7bfbf_story.html","url_text":"\"Federal officials close civil rights complaint about Baltimore light-rail project\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hogan says no to Red Line, yes to Purple\". Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180713070644/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/editorial/bs-md-hogan-transportation-20150624-story.html","url_text":"\"Hogan says no to Red Line, yes to Purple\""},{"url":"http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/editorial/bs-md-hogan-transportation-20150624-story.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Maryland Transit Administration. \"Baltimore Region Rail System Plan Final Report\" (PDF). Retrieved September 22, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://mta.maryland.gov/sites/default/files/brreportfinal.pdf","url_text":"\"Baltimore Region Rail System Plan Final Report\""}]},{"reference":"Dori Berman (January 13, 2006). \"New subway back in play?\" (PDF). Daily Record. Retrieved February 2, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.gbc.org/Media%20Clips/011306-DR.pdf","url_text":"\"New subway back in play?\""}]},{"reference":"Michael Dresser (June 28, 2011). \"Red Line gets a qualified go-ahead\". The Baltimore Sun. p. 1.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Cox, Erin; Laris, Michael (June 16, 2023). \"Wes Moore relaunches Baltimore's Red Line, but big questions remain\". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved June 24, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2023/06/15/wes-moore-baltimore-red-line/","url_text":"\"Wes Moore relaunches Baltimore's Red Line, but big questions remain\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286","url_text":"0190-8286"}]},{"reference":"\"BALTIMORE REGIONAL INITIATIVE DEVELOPING GENUINE EQUALITY, INC., and EARL ANDREWS, Individually, vs. STATE OF MARYLAND, MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, MARYLAND TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION, and MARYLAND STATE HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION\" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 28, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170128222918/http://www.naacpldf.org/files/case_issue/Baltimore%20-Red-Line-Complaint.pdf","url_text":"\"BALTIMORE REGIONAL INITIATIVE DEVELOPING GENUINE EQUALITY, INC., and EARL ANDREWS, Individually, vs. STATE OF MARYLAND, MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, MARYLAND TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION, and MARYLAND STATE HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION\""},{"url":"http://www.naacpldf.org/files/case_issue/Baltimore%20-Red-Line-Complaint.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Civil Rights Groups Challenge Maryland Gov. Hogan's Red Line Cancellation\". Streetsblog USA. December 21, 2015. Retrieved April 26, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://usa.streetsblog.org/2015/12/21/civil-rights-groups-challenge-maryland-gov-hogans-red-line-cancellation/","url_text":"\"Civil Rights Groups Challenge Maryland Gov. Hogan's Red Line Cancellation\""}]},{"reference":"Linderman, Juliet (January 23, 2017). \"DOT expands investigation into canceled rail line in MD\". The Washington Times. Associated Press.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/jan/23/dot-expands-investigation-into-canceled-rail-line-/","url_text":"\"DOT expands investigation into canceled rail line in MD\""}]},{"reference":"Duncan, Ian (January 23, 2017). \"On last day, Obama administration announced civil rights review of Maryland transportation\". baltimoresun.com. Retrieved April 26, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/bs-md-federal-transportation-civil-rights-review-20170123-story.html","url_text":"\"On last day, Obama administration announced civil rights review of Maryland transportation\""}]},{"reference":"\"Red Line Now PAC\". Retrieved September 26, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.red-line-now.com/index.html","url_text":"\"Red Line Now PAC\""}]},{"reference":"\"Infrastructure bill would boost Metro funding, reopen door to Baltimore's Red Line project\". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved November 14, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2021/08/02/metro-baltimore-red-line-infrastructure/","url_text":"\"Infrastructure bill would boost Metro funding, reopen door to Baltimore's Red Line project\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286","url_text":"0190-8286"}]},{"reference":"Wood, Pamela (June 15, 2023). \"Gov. Moore relaunches planning for Red Line transit in Baltimore\". Baltimore Banner. Retrieved June 15, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/politics-power/state-government/wes-moore-baltimore-red-line-W6DQUEO4VNFGJHW3YVRSPS4GT4/","url_text":"\"Gov. Moore relaunches planning for Red Line transit in Baltimore\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_Banner","url_text":"Baltimore Banner"}]},{"reference":"Ng, Greg (June 15, 2023). \"Moore relaunches Red Line east-west transit project in Baltimore\". WBAL. Retrieved June 15, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wbaltv.com/article/east-west-transit-investment-baltimore-governor-wes-moore/44203081","url_text":"\"Moore relaunches Red Line east-west transit project in Baltimore\""}]},{"reference":"Holt, Alex (June 21, 2023). \"Red Line redemption: What Governor Moore's announcement means for Baltimore\". ggwash.org. Retrieved June 24, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://ggwash.org/view/90032/red-line-redemption-what-governor-moores-transit-announcement-means-for-baltimore","url_text":"\"Red Line redemption: What Governor Moore's announcement means for Baltimore\""}]},{"reference":"Olaniran, Christian (June 15, 2023). \"Governor Moore announces plan to revive Baltimore Red Line project - CBS Baltimore\". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved June 15, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/governor-moore-announces-plan-to-revive-baltimore-red-line-project/","url_text":"\"Governor Moore announces plan to revive Baltimore Red Line project - CBS Baltimore\""}]},{"reference":"Olaniran, Christian (September 28, 2023). \"MTA unveils alternative routes for Red Line transit project\". CBS News Baltimore. Retrieved November 4, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/mta-unveils-alternative-routes-for-red-line-transit-project/","url_text":"\"MTA unveils alternative routes for Red Line transit project\""}]}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutan-e_Sofla
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Kutan-e Sofla
|
["1 References"]
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Coordinates: 36°14′28″N 47°13′51″E / 36.24111°N 47.23083°E / 36.24111; 47.23083Village in Kurdistan, IranKutan-e Sofla
كوتان سفليvillageKutan-e SoflaCoordinates: 36°14′28″N 47°13′51″E / 36.24111°N 47.23083°E / 36.24111; 47.23083Country IranProvinceKurdistanCountyBijarBakhshCentralRural DistrictSiyah MansurPopulation (2006) • Total122Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST) • Summer (DST)UTC+4:30 (IRDT)
Kutan-e Sofla (Persian: كوتان سفلي, also Romanized as Kūtān-e Soflá) is a village in Siyah Mansur Rural District, in the Central District of Bijar County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 122, in 29 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
References
^ Kutan-e Sofla can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3795701" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
^ "درگاه ملی آمار > نقشه دهستانها > سال ۱۳۹۰ > كردستان". www.amar.org.ir. Statistical Centre of Iran. Retrieved 2019-09-14.
^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.
^ Mohammadirad, Masoud; Anonby, Erik; et al. "Language distribution in Kordestan Province, Iran". Atlas of the languages of Iran (ALI). Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre, Carleton University. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023.
vte Bijar CountyCapital
Bijar
Tup Aghaj
DistrictsCentralCities
Bijar
Rural Districts and villagesHowmeh
Al-e Kabud
Ali Badal
Alvand Qoli
Baba Sorkheh
Borjageh
Changiz Qaleh
Chehel Amiran
Cheshmeh Jan Qoli
Cheshmeh Kazem
Dowlatabad
Gol Bolagh-e Sofla
Golestaneh
Gonbad-e Hajji
Hoseynabad-e Gorgan
Hoseynabad-e Kamarzard
Khandan Qoli
Khorramabad
Mokhvor
Nedri
Pahneh Bor
Qaba Sorkh
Qara Tavareh
Qarah Bolagh
Qasemabad-e Veynesar
Qazi Qushchi
Qeshlaq-e Nowruz
Qomdarreh
Rahmatabad
Sadabad
Salavatabad
Veys Morid
Zardeh Kamar
Khvor Khvoreh
Alagoz
Baba Rostam
Cheshmeh Kureh
Chopoqlu
Chowljeh
Chupi
Dowlatkand
Gonbadi
Hasanabad
Idahlu
Khvor Khvoreh
Maqut
Mehrabad
Mirak
Negarestan
Qameshlu
Qarah Palchuq
Qeshlaq-e Hasan Khan
Qezel Ali
Seyyedan
Sharifabad
Tazehabad
Zagheh Fulad
Najafabad
Aliabad
Amirabad
Baba Nazar
Bargoshad
Bashuki
Darvish Khaki
Deh Raqeh-ye Pir Hoseyn
Ebrahimabad
Gavandag
Hesar Sefid
Hoseyn Khan
Kani Kan
Khorasan
Mobarakabad
Najafabad
Now Bahar
Posht Tang
Qeshlaqlu
Shir Kosh-e Olya
Shir Kosh-e Sofla
Tappeh Mohammadi
Zeynal Khan
Seylatan
Aghbolagh-e Hoseyn Khan
Bahram Gonbad
Bayanlu
Chali Bolagh
Cheshmeh Sangin
Choghur Qeshlaq
Hoseynabad-e Demirchi
Khusheh Gol
Kohal
Mohammadabad-e Ali Akbar Khan
Qarajalu
Qezel Kand-e Olya
Qezel Kand-e Sofla
Seyyed Hoseyn
Shirin Bolagh
Soltanabad-e Darreh Viran
Siyah Mansur
Ab Barik
Aghbolagh-e Ali Akbar Khan
Aliabad
Alishah
Gol Bolagh
Hasanabad-e Charuq
Hoseynabad
Jafarabad
Kacheh Gonbad
Khvosh Maqam
Kutan-e Sofla
Madak
Meydan-e Mozaffarkhan
Owch Gol
Qarah Bolagh-e Miankuh
Qavshoq
Qezel Bolagh
Yengi Kand
Chang AlmasCities
Babarashani
Rural Districts and villagesBabarashani
Aghkand-e Olya
Baba Karam
Baqerabad
Chehel Amiran
Dar Ghias
Deh Boneh
Garachoqa
Gowjeh Kand
Jebreil
Jowrvandi
Kahriz
Khan Baghi
Kolucheh
Konamar
Qareh Darband
Qezel Aghaj
Quri Chay
Rezaabad
Salamatabad
Seyfabad
Shebertu
Shushtari
Sirlan
Tahmures
Khosrowabad
Aminabad
Ashrafabad-e Quch
Bowdela
Cheshmeh Khalil
Cheshmeh Mantash
Cheshmeh Qoli
Cheshmeh Rubah
Do Sar
Gav Daneh Zar
Hajjiabad
Khezrdin
Khosrowabad
Khvodlan
Mohammadabad-e Nil
Qadim Khan
Qerekhlar
Sadeqabad
Shahrak-e Sofla
Zarrin Jub
Zarrinabad
Pir Taj
Aq Bolagh-e Chang Almas
Cheshmeh Adineh
Fathabad
Gav Bazeh
Gug Qash
Hasan Teymur-e Olya
Homayun
Jafarabad
Kacheh Gonbad
Kaka Abbas
Pir Taj
Qazan Qarah
Sad Talvar
Shah Godar-e Sofla
Yengikand
Zeynal
KoraniCities
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This Bijar County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"درگاه ملی آمار > نقشه دهستانها > سال ۱۳۹۰ > كردستان\". www.amar.org.ir. Statistical Centre of Iran. Retrieved 2019-09-14.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amar.org.ir/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%87-%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%DB%B1%DB%B3%DB%B9%DB%B0/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86","url_text":"\"درگاه ملی آمار > نقشه دهستانها > سال ۱۳۹۰ > كردستان\""}]},{"reference":"\"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)\" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1385/results/all/12.xls","url_text":"\"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_Center_of_Iran","url_text":"Statistical Center of Iran"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110920084728/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/12.xls","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Mohammadirad, Masoud; Anonby, Erik; et al. \"Language distribution in Kordestan Province, Iran\". Atlas of the languages of Iran (ALI). Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre, Carleton University. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023.","urls":[{"url":"http://iranatlas.net/index.html?module=module.language-distribution.kordestan","url_text":"\"Language distribution in Kordestan Province, Iran\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carleton_University","url_text":"Carleton University"},{"url":"https://archive.today/20230528185020/http://iranatlas.net/index.html?module=module.language-distribution.kordestan","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Nettleship
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Ida Nettleship
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["1 Biography","2 References","3 Further reading","4 External links"]
|
English artist (1877–1907)
Ida Nettleship
Ida Margaret Nettleship (24 January 1877 – 14 March 1907) was a British artist who is best known as the first wife of artist Augustus John.
Biography
Nettleship was born in Hampstead, the eldest of the three daughters of animal painter John Trivett Nettleship and his wife Adaline, better known as Ada Nettleship, dressmaker and daughter of otologist James Hinton.
At the age of 15, she became a student at the Slade School of Art, where she studied until 1898 under Fred Brown, Henry Tonks, and Wilson Steer. Among her fellow students, she befriended Gwen Salmond, Edna Waugh, Gwen John, and Bessie and Dorothy Salaman. She became engaged to their brother Clement Salaman but broke it off in 1897 and traveled to Italy. She followed up with a trip to Paris in 1898, where she shared a flat with Gwen John and Gwen Salmond and studied under James McNeill Whistler at the Académie Carmen.
Towards the end of her time at the Slade, she met Gwen's brother Augustus John, and they married on 24 January 1901. They honeymooned in Swanage and initially took a flat in Fitzroy Street, London, but John was soon appointed a temporary professor at the school of art at University College, Liverpool. They remained in Liverpool for 18 months, and it was there that the first of their five sons, David Anthony Nettleship, was born in January 1902. He later became a musician and postman. A portrait of Ida by John from around 1901, while she was in her first pregnancy, is held by the National Museum of Wales.
The family moved to London in 1903, where John co-founded Chelsea Art School with William Orpen. Their second son Caspar John was born in London on 22 March 1903; he became an officer in the Royal Navy, eventually rising to post of First Sea Lord.
Later in 1903, Nettleship's life with John was complicated when Dorelia McNeill became John's model and mistress. From 1903 to 1907, the three lived together in a ménage à trois, first at Matching Green in Essex and from 1905 in Paris. Nettleship had three further sons with John in quick succession: Robin (born 1904 in Essex), who became a linguist; Edwin (born 1905 in Paris), who became a boxer and watercolourist; and Henry (born 1907 in Paris), who became a religious philosopher. During this period, Dorelia also had children with John, in 1905 and 1906.
Given John's limited income and the growing family, Nettleship eventually gave up painting to take care of the children and the housework. Although she found this wearisome and considered leaving John, she did not live long enough to do so. She died of puerperal fever in Paris in 1907 after the birth of her fifth son, Henry John (1907–1935). Her mother arranged her cremation at the Père Lachaise Cemetery and took her ashes and three eldest children back to London with her.
John remained with Dorelia after Nettleship's death, and they brought up Nettleship's children. Despite the fact that Nettleship was John's wife, housekeeper, and the mother of five of his children, there is not a single mention of Nettleship in Chiaroscuro, John's 1952 memoir.
The Good Bohemian, an edition of Nettleship's letters, was published in 2017; it was edited by John's granddaughter Rebecca John and John's biographer Michael Holroyd.
References
^ a b c d e f g h i Hill, Rosemary. "One’s Self-Washed Drawers". London Review of Books 39:13 (June 29, 2017).
^ a b c Bankes, Ariane. "The ordeal of being married to Augustus John". The Spectator, 6 May 2017.
^ Holroyd, Michael. "The artist, his mistress, her lover". The Independent, 17 August 1996.
^ a b Broadbent, Lizzie (21 January 2021). "Ada Nettleship (1856-1932)". Women Who Meant Business. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
^ Feigel, Lara. "The Good Bohemian: The Letters of Ida John review – making the best of a menage a trois". The Guardian, 2 June 2017.
^ John, Rebecca, and Michael Holroyd, eds. The Good Bohemian: The Letters of Ida John. Bloomsbury, 2017. ISBN 978-1-4088-7362-5.
Further reading
Michael Holroyd, ‘John, Augustus Edwin (1878–1961)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 6 June 2014. (Requires subscription)
J. S. Cotton, ‘Nettleship, John Trivett (1841–1902)’, rev. Mark Pottle, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Sept 2010 accessed 6 June 2014. (Requires subscription)
Amy Licence, Bohemian Lives. Three Extraordinary Women: Ida Nettleship, Sophie Brzeska and Fernande Olivier (Amberley, 2017)
External links
Portrait of Ida Nettleship by Augustus John, c.1901, National Museum of Wales
Authority control databases International
FAST
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Germany
Israel
United States
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Brown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Brown_(artist)"},{"link_name":"Henry Tonks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Tonks"},{"link_name":"Wilson Steer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson_Steer"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Gwen Salmond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwen_Salmond"},{"link_name":"Edna Waugh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna_Clarke_Hall"},{"link_name":"Gwen John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwen_John"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hill-1"},{"link_name":"James McNeill Whistler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McNeill_Whistler"},{"link_name":"Académie Carmen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Carmen"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hill-1"},{"link_name":"Augustus John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_John"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bankes-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hill-1"},{"link_name":"Swanage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swanage"},{"link_name":"Fitzroy Street, London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitzroy_Street,_London"},{"link_name":"University College, Liverpool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_College,_Liverpool"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"National Museum of Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Wales"},{"link_name":"Chelsea Art School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelsea_Art_School"},{"link_name":"William Orpen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Orpen"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Caspar John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspar_John"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-holroyd-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-4"},{"link_name":"Dorelia McNeill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorelia_McNeill"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hill-1"},{"link_name":"ménage à trois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9nage_%C3%A0_trois"},{"link_name":"Matching Green","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matching_Green"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hill-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bankes-2"},{"link_name":"citation 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John and Gwen Salmond and studied under James McNeill Whistler at the Académie Carmen.[1]Towards the end of her time at the Slade, she met Gwen's brother Augustus John,[2] and they married on 24 January 1901.[1] They honeymooned in Swanage and initially took a flat in Fitzroy Street, London, but John was soon appointed a temporary professor at the school of art at University College, Liverpool.[citation needed] They remained in Liverpool for 18 months, and it was there that the first of their five sons, David Anthony Nettleship, was born in January 1902.[citation needed] He later became a musician and postman. A portrait of Ida by John from around 1901, while she was in her first pregnancy, is held by the National Museum of Wales.The family moved to London in 1903, where John co-founded Chelsea Art School with William Orpen.[citation needed] Their second son Caspar John was born in London on 22 March 1903; he became an officer in the Royal Navy, eventually rising to post of First Sea Lord.[3][4]Later in 1903, Nettleship's life with John was complicated when Dorelia McNeill became John's model and mistress.[1] From 1903 to 1907, the three lived together in a ménage à trois, first at Matching Green in Essex and from 1905 in Paris.[1][2] Nettleship had three further sons with John in quick succession: Robin (born 1904 in Essex), who became a linguist; Edwin (born 1905 in Paris), who became a boxer and watercolourist; and Henry (born 1907 in Paris), who became a religious philosopher.[citation needed] During this period, Dorelia also had children with John, in 1905 and 1906.[citation needed]Given John's limited income and the growing family, Nettleship eventually gave up painting to take care of the children and the housework.[1][2] Although she found this wearisome and considered leaving John, she did not live long enough to do so.[1] She died of puerperal fever in Paris in 1907 after the birth of her fifth son, Henry John (1907–1935).[5] Her mother arranged her cremation at the Père Lachaise Cemetery[citation needed] and took her ashes and three eldest children back to London with her.[4]John remained with Dorelia after Nettleship's death, and they brought up Nettleship's children.[citation needed] Despite the fact that Nettleship was John's wife, housekeeper, and the mother of five of his children, there is not a single mention of Nettleship in Chiaroscuro, John's 1952 memoir.[1]The Good Bohemian, an edition of Nettleship's letters, was published in 2017; it was edited by John's granddaughter Rebecca John and John's biographer Michael Holroyd.[6]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"accessed 6 June 2014","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34196"},{"link_name":"accessed 6 June 2014","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35202,"}],"text":"Michael Holroyd, ‘John, Augustus Edwin (1878–1961)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 6 June 2014. (Requires subscription)\nJ. S. Cotton, ‘Nettleship, John Trivett (1841–1902)’, rev. Mark Pottle, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Sept 2010 accessed 6 June 2014. (Requires subscription)\nAmy Licence, Bohemian Lives. Three Extraordinary Women: Ida Nettleship, Sophie Brzeska and Fernande Olivier (Amberley, 2017)","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"image_text":"Ida Nettleship","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Ida_John_%285349075%29.jpg/220px-Ida_John_%285349075%29.jpg"}]
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[{"reference":"Broadbent, Lizzie (21 January 2021). \"Ada Nettleship (1856-1932)\". Women Who Meant Business. Retrieved 13 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://womenwhomeantbusiness.com/2021/01/21/ada-nettleship-1856-1932/","url_text":"\"Ada Nettleship (1856-1932)\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadion_Albert_Fl%C3%B3ri%C3%A1n
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Stadion Albert Flórián
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["1 History","1.1 Construction","1.2 First reconstruction","2 Milestone matches","2.1 First era (1911–1971)","2.2 Second era (1974–2013)","3 International matches","3.1 Record","4 Photo gallery","5 References","6 External links"]
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Coordinates: 47°28′31″N 19°5′46″E / 47.47528°N 19.09611°E / 47.47528; 19.09611Former football stadium in Budapest, Hungary
Albert StadionFull nameAlbert Flórián StadionLocationBudapest, HungaryOwnerFerencvárosi Torna ClubOperatorFerencvárosCapacity29,505 (1974–1991) 18,100 (1991–2013)20,000Field size105 m × 68 m (344 ft × 223 ft)SurfaceGrassFieldConstructionBroke ground1933Built1910-1911Opened1911Renovated1971-1974Demolished1971, 2013ArchitectJózsef Schall, Miklós Kapsza (1974–2013)TenantsHungary national football team Ferencváros
Stadion Albert Flórián was a sports stadium in Budapest, Hungary. The stadium was the home of the association football club Ferencvárosi TC. The stadium had a capacity of 18,100. Formerly known as Üllői úti stadion for its location, it had been renamed for Ballon d'Or winner club legend Flórián Albert in 2007. Today, the stadium's place is occupied by the newly built Groupama Arena.
History
Construction
The first stadium was started to be built in the autumn of 1910. On 12 February 1911, Ferencváros played their first match against Budapest rival MTK Budapest which was won by the club. The starting line-up consisted of Fritz, Rumbold, Magnlitz, Weinber, Bródy, Payer, Szeitler, Weisz, Koródy, Schlosser, Borbás. The first stadium could host 40,000 spectators.
First reconstruction
In 1971 the stands were demolished and a new stadium was started to be built. The new stadium was inaugurated on the 75th anniversary of the club. On 19 May 1974, the first match was played against the Vasas old boys. The new stadium could host 29,505 spectators (including 10 771 seats and 18 734 standing). In the 1990s the stadium was redesigned to meet the UEFA requirements therefore its capacity was reduced to 18 100.
On 21 December 2007, the stadium was changed from Üllői úti Stadion to Stadion Albert Flórián. Flórián Albert, the former Ferencváros icon, was present at the inauguration ceremony.
Milestone matches
First era (1911–1971)
First match: Ferencváros 2-1 MTK Budapest FC
First UEFA match: Ferencváros 2-1 Rangers F.C. (UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1960-61)
Last UEFA match: Ferencváros 1-1 Liverpool F.C. (Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1970-71)
Second era (1974–2013)
Match
Home
Result
Opponent
Date
Competition
First match
Ferencváros
0-1
Vasas
Friendly match
First UEFA Cup Winners' Cup match
Ferencváros
2-0
Cardiff City F.C.
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1974-75
Last UEFA Europa League match
Ferencváros
2-1
Aalesunds FK
UEFA Europa League 2011-12
Last Hungarian League match
Ferencváros
2-1
Újpest FC
Last Hungarian League Cup match
Ferencváros
1-0
Egri FC
Last match
Ferencváros
0-0
CFR Cluj
International matches
No.
Date
Home
Result
Away
Attendance
1.
31 May 1984
Friendly
Hungary
1-1
Spain
10,000
2.
2 December 1987
UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying
Hungary
1-0
Cyprus
3,000
3.
20 March 1990
Friendly
Hungary
2-0
United States
12,000
4.
23 September 1992
Friendly
Hungary
0-0
Israel
3,000
5.
8 September 1993
1994 FIFA World Cup qualification
Hungary
1-3
Russia
10,000
6.
27 October 1993
1994 FIFA World Cup qualification
Hungary
1-0
Luxembourg
2,000
7.
10 September 1997
1998 FIFA World Cup qualification
Hungary
3-1
Azerbaijan
10,000
8.
29 October 1997
1998 FIFA World Cup qualification
Hungary
1-7
Yugoslavia
17,000
9.
18 November 1998
Friendly
Hungary
2-0
Switzerland
3,000
10.
10 March 1999
Friendly
Hungary
1-1
Bosnia
8,000
8 September 1999
Hungary 5 – 0 Liechtenstein
J. Sebők 17' Sebők 33', 41', 85' Illés 74'
UEFA Euro 2000 qualifyingAttendance: 10,000Referee: Kapitanis (Cyprus)
18 August 1999
Hungary 1 – 1 Moldova
Sebők 39'
Cleșcenco 66'
Friendly matchAttendance: 5,000Referee: Sowa (Austria)
8 September 1999
Hungary 3 – 0 Azerbaijan
Sebők 29' Gábor Egressy 52' Sowunmi 54'
UEFA Euro 2000 qualifyingAttendance: 1,500Referee: Lularevski (Macedonia)
23 February 2000
Hungary 0 – 3 Australia
Laybutt 12' Skoko 72' Moore 90'
Friendly matchAttendance: 15,000Referee: Drabek (Austria)
25 April 2001
Hungary 0 – 0 Finland
Friendly matchAttendance: 5,500Referee: Treossi (Italy)
20 November 2002
Hungary 1 – 1 Moldova
Dárdai 55'
Patula 14'
Friendly matchAttendance: 6,000Referee: Sowa (Austria)
19 November 2003
Hungary 0 – 1 Estonia
Rooba 87'
Friendly matchAttendance: 457Referee: Milan Šedivý (Czech Republic)
Record
P
W
D
L
GF
GA
W%
17
7
6
4
23
19
Photo gallery
The first pitch of the club (1910-1971)
Flórián Albert, Lajos Szűcs, and Zoltán Varga discussing the plans of the new stadium in 1968
The stadium in the spring of 2011
Ferencváros are playing against Paks on 30 July 2010 in a Hungarian League match
The old Albert stadion from bird view in 2011
Albert Stadion
References
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stadion Albert Flórián.
Stadium Albert Flórián at magyarfutball.hu
New Albert Stadium at magyarfutball.hu
vteFerencvárosi Torna ClubFootball
Ferencvárosi TC
Ferencvárosi TC (women's football)
Ferencvárosi TC II
Home facilities
Ferencváros Stadion (2014–present)
Stadion Albert Flórián (1911–2013)
Elek Gyula Aréna
Training groundNépligetHistory / statistics
European statistics
History
Seasons
Managers
Presidents
Records and statistics
Rivalries
Újpest rivalry
Örökrangadó (MTK rivalry)
South Pest derby
Budapest derby
Other sports
Handball (men) - Handball (women)
Water polo
Ice hockey
Basketball (defunct)
Athletics
Swimming
Canoeing
Gymnastics
Cycling
Boxing
Wrestling
Curling
Related articles
Fradi TV
Seasons
1998–99
1999–2000
2000–01
2001–02
2002–03
2003–04
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
2007–08
2008–09
2009–10
2010–11
2011–12
2012–13
2013–14
2014–15
2015–16
2016–17
2017–18
2018–19
2019–20
2020–21
2021–22
2022–23
2023–24
vteNemzeti Bajnokság I venuesCurrent
Diósgyőri Stadion
Fehérvári úti Stadion
Ferencváros Stadion
Hidegkuti Nándor Stadion
Nagyerdei Stadion
Pancho Aréna
Sóstói Stadion
Széktói Stadion
Szusza Ferenc Stadion
Várkerti Stadion
Városi Stadion
ZTE Arena
Former
Városi Sportpálya
Béke téri Stadion
Bozsik Aréna
Buzánszky Jenő Stadion
Budai II. László Stadion
Diósgyőri Stadion
ETO Park
Eszperantó úti Stadion
Haladás Sportkomplexum
Illovszky Rudolf Stadion
Káposztás utcai Stadion
Kórház utcai Stadion
Ligeti Stadion
Ménfői úti Stadion
Oláh Gábor utcai Stadion
Perutz Stadion
PMFC
Promontor utcai Stadion
Rákóczi Stadion
Révész Géza utcai Stadion
Szentmarjay Tibor
Szőnyi úti Stadion
Tiszaligeti Stadion
Városi (Nyíregyháza)
Városi (Tatabánya)
Demolished
Bozsik József Stadion
Diósgyőri Stadion (1939)
ETO Stadion
Hidegkuti Nándor Stadion (1947)
Hungária körút
Illovszky Rudolf Stadion (1960)
Oláh Gábor utcai Stadion
Puskás Ferenc Stadion (1953)
Rohonci úti Stadion
Sóstói Stadion (1967)
Üllői úti stadion
Under construction
Nyíregyházi Stadion
47°28′31″N 19°5′46″E / 47.47528°N 19.09611°E / 47.47528; 19.09611
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Budapest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest"},{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary"},{"link_name":"association football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football"},{"link_name":"Ferencvárosi TC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferencv%C3%A1rosi_TC"},{"link_name":"Ballon d'Or","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballon_d%27Or"},{"link_name":"Flórián Albert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B3ri%C3%A1n_Albert"},{"link_name":"Groupama Arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupama_Arena"}],"text":"Former football stadium in Budapest, HungaryStadion Albert Flórián was a sports stadium in Budapest, Hungary. The stadium was the home of the association football club Ferencvárosi TC. The stadium had a capacity of 18,100. Formerly known as Üllői úti stadion for its location, it had been renamed for Ballon d'Or winner club legend Flórián Albert in 2007. Today, the stadium's place is occupied by the newly built Groupama Arena.","title":"Stadion Albert Flórián"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"MTK Budapest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTK_Budapest_FC"},{"link_name":"Schlosser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imre_Schlosser"}],"sub_title":"Construction","text":"The first stadium was started to be built in the autumn of 1910. On 12 February 1911, Ferencváros played their first match against Budapest rival MTK Budapest which was won by the club. The starting line-up consisted of Fritz, Rumbold, Magnlitz, Weinber, Bródy, Payer, Szeitler, Weisz, Koródy, Schlosser, Borbás. The first stadium could host 40,000 spectators.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Vasas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasas_SC"},{"link_name":"Flórián Albert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B3ri%C3%A1n_Albert"}],"sub_title":"First reconstruction","text":"In 1971 the stands were demolished and a new stadium was started to be built. The new stadium was inaugurated on the 75th anniversary of the club. On 19 May 1974, the first match was played against the Vasas old boys. The new stadium could host 29,505 spectators (including 10 771 seats and 18 734 standing). In the 1990s the stadium was redesigned to meet the UEFA requirements therefore its capacity was reduced to 18 100.On 21 December 2007, the stadium was changed from Üllői úti Stadion to Stadion Albert Flórián. Flórián Albert, the former Ferencváros icon, was present at the inauguration ceremony.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Milestone matches"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary"},{"link_name":"MTK Budapest FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTK_Budapest_FC"},{"link_name":"UEFA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland"},{"link_name":"Rangers F.C.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangers_F.C."},{"link_name":"UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1960-61","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Cup_Winners%27_Cup_1960-61"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"link_name":"Liverpool F.C.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_F.C."},{"link_name":"Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1970-71","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Cities_Fairs_Cup_1970-71"}],"sub_title":"First era (1911–1971)","text":"First match: Ferencváros 2-1 MTK Budapest FC\nFirst UEFA match: Ferencváros 2-1 Rangers F.C. (UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1960-61)\nLast UEFA match: Ferencváros 1-1 Liverpool F.C. (Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1970-71)","title":"Milestone matches"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Second era (1974–2013)","title":"Milestone matches"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Liechtenstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"J. Sebők","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Seb%C5%91k"},{"link_name":"Sebők","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilmos_Seb%C5%91k"},{"link_name":"Illés","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Ill%C3%A9s"},{"link_name":"UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2000_qualifying_Group_7"},{"link_name":"Cyprus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_Football_Association"},{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Moldova","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Sebők","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilmos_Seb%C5%91k"},{"link_name":"Cleșcenco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serghei_Cle%C8%99cenco"},{"link_name":"Friendly match","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendly_match"},{"link_name":"Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Football_Association"},{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Azerbaijan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Sebők","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilmos_Seb%C5%91k"},{"link_name":"Gábor Egressy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Egressy_(footballer)"},{"link_name":"Sowunmi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowunmi"},{"link_name":"UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2000_qualifying_Group_7"},{"link_name":"Macedonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_Football_Clubs_Association"},{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_men%27s_national_soccer_team"},{"link_name":"Laybutt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Laybutt"},{"link_name":"Skoko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josip_Skoko"},{"link_name":"Moore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Moore"},{"link_name":"Friendly match","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendly_match"},{"link_name":"Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Football_Association"},{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Friendly match","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendly_match"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Football_Federation"},{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Moldova","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Dárdai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1l_D%C3%A1rdai"},{"link_name":"Friendly match","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendly_match"},{"link_name":"Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Football_Association"},{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Estonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Rooba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urmas_Rooba"},{"link_name":"Friendly match","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendly_match"},{"link_name":"Milan Šedivý","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan_%C5%A0ediv%C3%BD"},{"link_name":"Czech Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Football_Association"}],"text":"8 September 1999\nHungary 5 – 0 Liechtenstein\nJ. Sebők 17' Sebők 33', 41', 85' Illés 74'\n\n\nUEFA Euro 2000 qualifyingAttendance: 10,000Referee: Kapitanis (Cyprus)18 August 1999\nHungary 1 – 1 Moldova\nSebők 39'\n\nCleșcenco 66'\nFriendly matchAttendance: 5,000Referee: Sowa (Austria)8 September 1999\nHungary 3 – 0 Azerbaijan\nSebők 29' Gábor Egressy 52' Sowunmi 54'\n\n\nUEFA Euro 2000 qualifyingAttendance: 1,500Referee: Lularevski (Macedonia)23 February 2000\nHungary 0 – 3 Australia\n\n\nLaybutt 12' Skoko 72' Moore 90'\nFriendly matchAttendance: 15,000Referee: Drabek (Austria)25 April 2001\nHungary 0 – 0 Finland\n\n\n\nFriendly matchAttendance: 5,500Referee: Treossi (Italy)20 November 2002\nHungary 1 – 1 Moldova\nDárdai 55'\n\nPatula 14'\nFriendly matchAttendance: 6,000Referee: Sowa (Austria)19 November 2003\nHungary 0 – 1 Estonia\n\n\nRooba 87'\nFriendly matchAttendance: 457Referee: Milan Šedivý (Czech Republic)","title":"International matches"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Record","title":"International matches"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Az_FTC_p%C3%A1lya_a_megnyit%C3%A1s_d%C3%A9lel%C5%91ttj%C3%A9n_1911._febru%C3%A1r_12.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fortepan_Albert_Fl%C3%B3ri%C3%A1n-Sz%C5%B1cs_Lajos-Varga_Zolt%C3%A1n_57582.jpg"},{"link_name":"Flórián Albert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B3ri%C3%A1n_Albert"},{"link_name":"Lajos Szűcs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajos_Sz%C5%B1cs_(footballer,_born_1943)"},{"link_name":"Zoltán Varga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Varga_(footballer,_born_1945)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albert_Fl%C3%B3ri%C3%A1n_stadion-2011.04.01-FTC-%C3%9Ajpest.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albert_Fl%C3%B3ri%C3%A1n_stadion-2010.07.30-FTC-Paks.jpg"},{"link_name":"Paks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paksi_SE"},{"link_name":"Hungarian League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_League"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albertflorianstadioncivertanlegi.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fradi_p%C3%A1lya.jpg"}],"text":"The first pitch of the club (1910-1971)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tFlórián Albert, Lajos Szűcs, and Zoltán Varga discussing the plans of the new stadium in 1968\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe stadium in the spring of 2011\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tFerencváros are playing against Paks on 30 July 2010 in a Hungarian League match\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe old Albert stadion from bird view in 2011\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tAlbert Stadion","title":"Photo gallery"}]
|
[]
| null |
[]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Stadion_Albert_Fl%C3%B3ri%C3%A1n¶ms=47_28_31_N_19_5_46_E_type:landmark","external_links_name":"47°28′31″N 19°5′46″E / 47.47528°N 19.09611°E / 47.47528; 19.09611"},{"Link":"http://www.magyarfutball.hu/en/stadion/4","external_links_name":"Stadium Albert Flórián at magyarfutball.hu"},{"Link":"http://www.magyarfutball.hu/en/stadion/992","external_links_name":"New Albert Stadium at magyarfutball.hu"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Stadion_Albert_Fl%C3%B3ri%C3%A1n¶ms=47_28_31_N_19_5_46_E_type:landmark","external_links_name":"47°28′31″N 19°5′46″E / 47.47528°N 19.09611°E / 47.47528; 19.09611"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnyrigg_Rose_Athletic_F.C.
|
Bonnyrigg Rose F.C.
|
["1 Scottish Cup","2 Lowland League","3 Current squad","4 Coaching staff","5 Managers","6 Season-by-season record","6.1 Senior","7 Honours","7.1 Major honours","7.2 Other honours","8 Notable former players","9 References","10 External links"]
|
Coordinates: 55°52′29″N 3°06′12″W / 55.8747°N 3.1034°W / 55.8747; -3.1034Association football club in Scotland
This article is about the men's football club. For the women's team, see Bonnyrigg Rose Ladies FC.
Football clubBonnyrigg RoseFull nameBonnyrigg Rose Football ClubNickname(s)The RoseFounded1881GroundNew Dundas ParkBonnyriggCapacity3,000ChairmanCharlie KirkwoodManagerCalum ElliotLeagueScottish League Two2023–24Scottish League Two, 8th of 10WebsiteClub website
Home colours
Away colours
Third colours
Bonnyrigg Rose Football Club is a Scottish football club from the town of Bonnyrigg. Formed in 1881 and nicknamed the Rose, the team plays in Scottish League Two, having been promoted after winning the Lowland Football League in 2021–22.
Their home ground is New Dundas Park, and they have traditionally played in red and white hoops. They have won the Scottish Junior Cup twice, in 1966 and in 1978, as well as finishing runners-up in 1972. Their 6–1 defeat of Whitburn in 1966 holds a joint record for the margin of victory in a Scottish Junior Cup final. Bonnyrigg won the East Region Super League championship four times during their membership, making them the league's most successful side.
At a special general meeting held in March 2018, the club's members voted in favour of applying to join the senior East of Scotland Football League. Bonnyrigg were part of a larger movement of eastern junior clubs to the East of Scotland League that year. In 2019, they won promotion to the Lowland League and successfully applied for Scottish Football Association membership. In 2022, they won promotion to Scottish League Two, thus entering the Scottish Professional Football League for the first time, and after doing so, changed their name from Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic to the more streamlined Bonnyrigg Rose.
Scottish Cup
Bonnyrigg host Brechin City in 2012–13's third round
Prior to becoming an SFA member in 2019, Bonnyrigg qualified to enter the senior Scottish Cup by winning the East Superleague on four occasions.
In their first campaign in 2009–10, Bonnyrigg lost in their opening tie to Highland League club Fraserburgh. Better results were achieved in 2012–13, losing to SFL Second Division side Brechin City in a third round replay after wins over Girvan and Stirling University.
The third Scottish Cup adventure in 2016–17 was their most successful. The Rose easily saw off Glasgow University and then defeated Burntisland Shipyard 14–0, the biggest win in the competition since 1984. This was followed by wins over Highland sides Turriff United and Cove Rangers. In an upset, Bonnyrigg then eliminated Dumbarton of the Scottish Championship after a replay to progress to the Fourth Round. They were drawn at home against the cup holders Hibernian, with the match moved to Tynecastle Stadium in Edinburgh to accommodate the expected number of spectators and the basic facilities at New Dundas Park. The result, an 8–1 defeat, was a disappointing end to the run for the team and the 5,000 fans who had travelled from Midlothian to give their support.
The club qualified again for the Scottish Cup in 2018–19, having won the East Superleague for a record fourth time. Now playing in the senior pyramid, this campaign ultimately ended in disappointment for the club, losing 2–1 to Deveronvale in the first round. 2018 also saw them take part in the inaugural Shaun Woodburn Memorial Cup, established in memory of former player Woodburn, who had been killed on the previous Hogmanay.
In June 2019, the club announced it had been accepted as a member of the Scottish Football Association, which would allow them to automatically qualify for the Scottish Cup annually. In their first Scottish Cup as a licensed team, Bonnyrigg would once again go on an impressive run, defeating Highland League sides Fraserburgh and Buckie Thistle before dispatching Scottish League One side Montrose 2–1 at New Dundas Park, despite being a man down. In the Fourth round, Bonnyrigg would again valiantly fight against a League One team, but could not repeat their heroics and lost 0–1 late on to Clyde.
Entering in the Second round in 2020–21, Bonnyrigg would defeat fellow Lowland Leaguers Bo'ness United 5–2, with Lee Currie scoring a hat-trick of penalties within 10 minutes of each other. In the next round, the Rosey Posey would nearly have a cup upset for the ages, with another Currie penalty and a strong performance from keeper Mark Weir nearly knocking out Scottish Championship side Dundee before a late equaliser sent the game to extra time. Currie again put Bonnyrigg ahead from the spot, but two goals by Dundee in the second half of extra time ended the club's dream.
Lowland League
Rose were promoted to the Lowland League in 2019 after winning the East of Scotland Football League and gaining SFA membership. They took the place of relegated Whitehill Welfare, based only two miles from Bonnyrigg in the village of Rosewell, Midlothian. After finishing second and third in their first two seasons, both curtailed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the following season they went on to win the league title in 2021–22.
Current squad
As of 7 June 2024
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
No.
Pos.
Nation
Player
1
GK
SCO
Paddy Martin
2
DF
SCO
Angus Mailer
3
DF
SCO
Neil Martyniuk
4
DF
SCO
Kerr Young
5
DF
SCO
Scott Mercer
9
FW
SCO
Keiran McGachie
10
MF
SCO
Lee Currie
15
DF
SCO
Josh Grigor
18
MF
SCO
Dean Watson
20
FW
NGA
Smart Osadolor
21
MF
SCO
Bradley Barrett
No.
Pos.
Nation
Player
22
MF
SCO
Callum Connolly
25
GK
SCO
Michael Andrews
—
GK
SCO
Marc Anderson
—
MF
SCO
Aaron Arnott
—
MF
SCO
Cameron Forbes
—
MF
SCO
Sean Murphy
—
MF
SCO
Owen Wardell
—
FW
ENG
Kallum Higginbotham
—
FW
SCO
Bradley Rodden
—
FW
SCO
Ben Scarborough
—
FW
SCO
Kieran Somerville
Coaching staff
Manager: Calum Elliot
Assistant manager: Kevin Smith
First team coach: Calum Smith
Goalkeeping coach: Michael Andrews
Strength & conditioning coach: Dylan Brunton
Physio: Danielle McNaught
Managers
The team was managed from June 2015 until March 2024 by former Berwick Rangers player and assistant manager, Robbie Horn. Horn resigned in August 2017 to take over the vacant managerial position at Berwick. He later returned as manager in November 2018.
Season-by-season record
Senior
Season
Division
Tier
Pos.
Pld.
W
D
L
GD
Pts
Scottish Cup
Bonnyrigg Rose
2018–19
East of Scotland League Conference B
6
1st
24
22
1
1
+88
67
First round, losing to Deveronvale
2019–20
Lowland League
5
2nd†
24
20
2
2
+48
62
Fourth round, losing to Clyde
2020–21
Lowland League
5
3rd†
12
9
2
1
+23
29
Second round, losing to Dundee
2021–22
Lowland League
5
1st
34
28
3
3
+64
87
Third round, losing to Alloa Athletic
2022–23
Scottish League Two
4
8th
36
11
9
16
–11
42
Second round, losing to Sauchie Juniors
† Season curtailed due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Honours
Major honours
Lowland League
Champions: 2021–22
East of Scotland League
Champions: 2018–19
Conference B Winners: 2018–19
Scottish Junior Cup
Winners: 1965–66, 1977–78
Runners-up: 1971–72
SJFA East Region Super League
Winners: 2008–09, 2011–12, 2015–16, 2017–18
Runners-up: 2006–07, 2012–13, 2016–17
Other honours
Edinburgh & District League: 1937–38, 1963–64
East Region Division One: 1975–76, 1976–77, 1984–85
East of Scotland Junior Cup: 1897–98, 1962–63, 1985–86, 1986–87, 2002–03, 2005–06, 2012–13
Fife & Lothians Cup: 1981–82, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2017–18
Lanark & Lothians Cup: 1963–64, 1965–66
National Dryburgh Cup: 1985–86
East Region Division Two: 1983–84
East Junior League Cup: 1975–76, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1987–88, 2000–01
Brown Cup: 1933–34, 1963–64, 1973–74, 1977–78, 1985–86, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07
St. Michaels Cup: 1965–66, 1970–71, 1974–75
RL Rae Cup: 1974–75
Peter Craigie Cup: 1992–93
Thornton Shield: 1955–56, 1956–57
Dalmeny Cup: 1922–23
Marshall Cup: 1913–14
Musselburgh Cup: 1909–10, 1924–25
Roseberry Charity Cup: 1937–38
Simpson Shield: 1905–06
Andy Kelly Memorial Cup: 2006
Notable former players
Per Bartram (F) (1978) Denmark international
Jim Begbie (D) (1968–1972) Represented Hong Kong League XI
Ally Brazil (D) (1992–1993) Scotland under-21 international
Sean Connery (early 1950s) future actor
Graham Harvey (F) (1998–1999) Represented Hong Kong League XI
Jim Hermiston (M) (1964–1965) Scotland under-23 international
Jimmy Mackay (M) (1961–1964) Represented Australia in the 1974 FIFA World Cup having scored the decisive goal in the final qualifier
Billy Neil (M) Made 186 Football League appearances for Millwall
Craig Paterson (D) (1977–1979) Scotland under-21 international and Scotland's most expensive player in 1982
Chris Robertson (F) (1990s) Scotland under-21 international
Pat Stanton (M) (1961–1963) 16 caps for Scotland
John White (M) (1955–1956) 22 caps for Scotland (3 goals)
Tommy White (F) Scotland under-23 international
References
^ McGlone, David; McLure, Bill (1987). The Juniors – 100 Years. It was after a 1-1 draw at Hampden Park on the Saturday that they went on to win 6-1 on the Wednesday evening replay. A Centenary History of Scottish Junior Football. Mainstream. p. 80. ISBN 1-85158-060-3.
^ Parkinson, Brendan (19 April 2018). "Club Update". www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
^ McLauchlin, Brian (7 June 2018). "East of Scotland League vote signals exodus of 25 junior clubs". BBC Sport. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
^ Thomson, Scott (4 September 2016). "Bonnyrigg 14, Burntisland 0: Biggest Scottish Cup win since 1984". Edinburgh Evening News.
^ "Fourth Round venues confirmed". scottishfa.co.uk. Scottish FA. 20 December 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
^ "Bonnyrigg Rose 1-8 Hibernian". BBC. 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
^ "Shaun Woodburn Memorial Cup: Fitting tribute to much loved footballer". midlothianadvertiser.co.uk. Archived from the original on 14 October 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
^ Parkinson, Brendan (14 June 2019). "Club announcement - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic granted SFA membership". bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
^ "Scottish Cup matches". scottishfa.co.uk. 21 September 2019. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
^ "Scottish Cup matches". scottishfa.co.uk. 18 October 2019. Archived from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
^ McGlade, Neil (23 November 2019). "Bonnyrigg Rose 2–1 Montrose: Ten-man Rose stun League One side in Scottish Cup thriller". edinburghnews.scotsman.com. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
^ Smith, Aidan (18 January 2020). "Bonnyrigg Rose 0–1 Clyde: All about Love in Bonny and Clyde romance". The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
^ "Scottish Cup matches". scottishfa.co.uk. 1 January 2021. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
^ "Dundee v Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic". BBC. 9 January 2021. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
^ Pattullo, Alan (9 January 2021). "How Bonnyrigg Rose almost staged one of the biggest-ever Scottish Cup shocks". The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
^ "CLUB ANNOUNCEMENT - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic granted SFA membership - News - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic FC". www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
^ "Statement - Promotion and Relegation". Scottish Lowland League. 14 June 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
^ "The Team - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic FC". www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
^ Parkinson, Brendan. "Manager Announcement". www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
^ Thomson, Scott (30 August 2017). "Robbie Horn leaves Bonnyrigg Rose to join Berwick Rangers". Edinburgh Evening News. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
^ Parkinson, Brendan. "Managerial Announcement". www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
^ "Scottish Junior Football History Sean Connery". Mud & Glory. April 2005. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
^ Crawford, Kenny (7 December 2016). "Bonnyrigg Rose: Four things you might not know about the Rosey Posey". BBC. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
^ "Billy Neil". Barry Hugman's Footballers.
External links
Official club site
55°52′29″N 3°06′12″W / 55.8747°N 3.1034°W / 55.8747; -3.1034
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bonnyrigg Rose Ladies FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnyrigg_Rose_Ladies_FC"},{"link_name":"football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_(soccer)"},{"link_name":"Bonnyrigg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnyrigg"},{"link_name":"Scottish League Two","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_League_Two"},{"link_name":"Lowland Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowland_Football_League"},{"link_name":"2021–22","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Lowland_Football_League"},{"link_name":"New Dundas Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Dundas_Park"},{"link_name":"Scottish Junior Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Junior_Cup"},{"link_name":"Whitburn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitburn_F.C."},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"East Region Super League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Region_Premiership"},{"link_name":"East of Scotland Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_of_Scotland_Football_League"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2018_move-3"},{"link_name":"Scottish Football Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Football_Association"},{"link_name":"Scottish League Two","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_League_Two"},{"link_name":"Scottish Professional Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Professional_Football_League"}],"text":"Association football club in ScotlandThis article is about the men's football club. For the women's team, see Bonnyrigg Rose Ladies FC.Football clubBonnyrigg Rose Football Club is a Scottish football club from the town of Bonnyrigg. Formed in 1881 and nicknamed the Rose, the team plays in Scottish League Two, having been promoted after winning the Lowland Football League in 2021–22.Their home ground is New Dundas Park, and they have traditionally played in red and white hoops. They have won the Scottish Junior Cup twice, in 1966 and in 1978, as well as finishing runners-up in 1972. Their 6–1 defeat of Whitburn in 1966 holds a joint record for the margin of victory in a Scottish Junior Cup final.[1] Bonnyrigg won the East Region Super League championship four times during their membership, making them the league's most successful side.At a special general meeting held in March 2018, the club's members voted in favour of applying to join the senior East of Scotland Football League.[2] Bonnyrigg were part of a larger movement of eastern junior clubs to the East of Scotland League that year.[3] In 2019, they won promotion to the Lowland League and successfully applied for Scottish Football Association membership. In 2022, they won promotion to Scottish League Two, thus entering the Scottish Professional Football League for the first time, and after doing so, changed their name from Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic to the more streamlined Bonnyrigg Rose.","title":"Bonnyrigg Rose F.C."},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bonnyrigg_Red_Rose_0_Brechin_City_6.jpg"},{"link_name":"Brechin City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brechin_City"},{"link_name":"Scottish Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Cup"},{"link_name":"East Superleague","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Region_Premiership"},{"link_name":"2009–10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Scottish_Cup"},{"link_name":"Highland League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland_Football_League"},{"link_name":"Fraserburgh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraserburgh_F.C."},{"link_name":"2012–13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_Scottish_Cup"},{"link_name":"SFL Second Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_Scottish_Second_Division"},{"link_name":"Brechin City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brechin_City_F.C."},{"link_name":"Girvan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girvan_F.C."},{"link_name":"Stirling University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_University_F.C."},{"link_name":"2016–17","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Scottish_Cup"},{"link_name":"Glasgow University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow_University_F.C."},{"link_name":"Burntisland Shipyard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burntisland_Shipyard"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Turriff United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turriff_United_F.C."},{"link_name":"Cove Rangers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cove_Rangers_F.C."},{"link_name":"Dumbarton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumbarton_F.C."},{"link_name":"Scottish Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Championship"},{"link_name":"Hibernian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernian_F.C."},{"link_name":"Tynecastle Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tynecastle_Stadium"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Midlothian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midlothian"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"2018–19","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Scottish_Cup"},{"link_name":"East Superleague","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Region_Premiership"},{"link_name":"Deveronvale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deveronvale_F.C."},{"link_name":"Hogmanay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogmanay"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Scottish Football Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Football_Association"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Highland League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland_Football_League"},{"link_name":"Fraserburgh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraserburgh_F.C."},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Buckie Thistle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckie_Thistle_F.C."},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Scottish League One","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_League_One"},{"link_name":"Montrose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose_F.C."},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Clyde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clyde_F.C."},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"2020–21","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Scottish_Cup"},{"link_name":"Bo'ness United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%27ness_United_F.C."},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Scottish Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Championship"},{"link_name":"Dundee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundee_F.C."},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"Bonnyrigg host Brechin City in 2012–13's third roundPrior to becoming an SFA member in 2019, Bonnyrigg qualified to enter the senior Scottish Cup by winning the East Superleague on four occasions.In their first campaign in 2009–10, Bonnyrigg lost in their opening tie to Highland League club Fraserburgh. Better results were achieved in 2012–13, losing to SFL Second Division side Brechin City in a third round replay after wins over Girvan and Stirling University.The third Scottish Cup adventure in 2016–17 was their most successful. The Rose easily saw off Glasgow University and then defeated Burntisland Shipyard 14–0, the biggest win in the competition since 1984.[4] This was followed by wins over Highland sides Turriff United and Cove Rangers. In an upset, Bonnyrigg then eliminated Dumbarton of the Scottish Championship after a replay to progress to the Fourth Round. They were drawn at home against the cup holders Hibernian, with the match moved to Tynecastle Stadium in Edinburgh to accommodate the expected number of spectators and the basic facilities at New Dundas Park.[5] The result, an 8–1 defeat, was a disappointing end to the run for the team and the 5,000 fans who had travelled from Midlothian to give their support.[6]The club qualified again for the Scottish Cup in 2018–19, having won the East Superleague for a record fourth time. Now playing in the senior pyramid, this campaign ultimately ended in disappointment for the club, losing 2–1 to Deveronvale in the first round. 2018 also saw them take part in the inaugural Shaun Woodburn Memorial Cup, established in memory of former player Woodburn, who had been killed on the previous Hogmanay.[7]In June 2019, the club announced it had been accepted as a member of the Scottish Football Association, which would allow them to automatically qualify for the Scottish Cup annually.[8] In their first Scottish Cup as a licensed team, Bonnyrigg would once again go on an impressive run, defeating Highland League sides Fraserburgh[9] and Buckie Thistle[10] before dispatching Scottish League One side Montrose 2–1 at New Dundas Park, despite being a man down.[11] In the Fourth round, Bonnyrigg would again valiantly fight against a League One team, but could not repeat their heroics and lost 0–1 late on to Clyde.[12]Entering in the Second round in 2020–21, Bonnyrigg would defeat fellow Lowland Leaguers Bo'ness United 5–2, with Lee Currie scoring a hat-trick of penalties within 10 minutes of each other.[13] In the next round, the Rosey Posey would nearly have a cup upset for the ages, with another Currie penalty and a strong performance from keeper Mark Weir nearly knocking out Scottish Championship side Dundee before a late equaliser sent the game to extra time. Currie again put Bonnyrigg ahead from the spot, but two goals by Dundee in the second half of extra time ended the club's dream.[14][15]","title":"Scottish Cup"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lowland League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowland_Football_League"},{"link_name":"East of Scotland Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_of_Scotland_Football_League"},{"link_name":"SFA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Football_Association"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Whitehill Welfare","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehill_Welfare_F.C."},{"link_name":"Rosewell, Midlothian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosewell,_Midlothian"},{"link_name":"2021–22","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Lowland_Football_League"}],"text":"Rose were promoted to the Lowland League in 2019 after winning the East of Scotland Football League and gaining SFA membership.[16][17] They took the place of relegated Whitehill Welfare, based only two miles from Bonnyrigg in the village of Rosewell, Midlothian. After finishing second and third in their first two seasons, both curtailed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the following season they went on to win the league title in 2021–22.","title":"Lowland League"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"FIFA eligibility rules","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_eligibility_rules"}],"text":"As of 7 June 2024[18]Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.","title":"Current squad"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Calum Elliot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calum_Elliot"},{"link_name":"Kevin Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Smith_(footballer,_born_1987)"}],"text":"Manager: Calum Elliot\nAssistant manager: Kevin Smith\nFirst team coach: Calum Smith\nGoalkeeping coach: Michael Andrews\nStrength & conditioning coach: Dylan Brunton\nPhysio: Danielle McNaught","title":"Coaching staff"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Berwick Rangers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berwick_Rangers_F.C."},{"link_name":"Robbie Horn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbie_Horn"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"text":"The team was managed from June 2015 until March 2024 by former Berwick Rangers player and assistant manager, Robbie Horn.[19] Horn resigned in August 2017 to take over the vacant managerial position at Berwick.[20] He later returned as manager in November 2018.[21]","title":"Managers"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Season-by-season record"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Senior","text":"† Season curtailed due to COVID-19 pandemic.","title":"Season-by-season record"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lowland League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowland_Football_League"},{"link_name":"2021–22","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Lowland_Football_League"},{"link_name":"East of Scotland League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_of_Scotland_Football_League"},{"link_name":"2018–19","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_East_of_Scotland_Football_League"},{"link_name":"Scottish Junior Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Junior_Cup"},{"link_name":"SJFA East Region Super League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Junior_Football_East_Region_Super_League"},{"link_name":"2011–12","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_East_Superleague"},{"link_name":"2015–16","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_East_Superleague"},{"link_name":"2017–18","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_East_Superleague"},{"link_name":"2012–13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_East_Superleague"},{"link_name":"2016–17","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_East_Superleague"}],"sub_title":"Major honours","text":"Lowland League\nChampions: 2021–22\nEast of Scotland League\nChampions: 2018–19\nConference B Winners: 2018–19\nScottish Junior Cup\nWinners: 1965–66, 1977–78\nRunners-up: 1971–72\nSJFA East Region Super League\nWinners: 2008–09, 2011–12, 2015–16, 2017–18\nRunners-up: 2006–07, 2012–13, 2016–17","title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Edinburgh & District League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Junior_Football_League"},{"link_name":"East Region Division One","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Junior_Football_League"},{"link_name":"East Region Division Two","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Junior_Football_League"}],"sub_title":"Other honours","text":"Edinburgh & District League: 1937–38, 1963–64\nEast Region Division One: 1975–76, 1976–77, 1984–85\nEast of Scotland Junior Cup: 1897–98, 1962–63, 1985–86, 1986–87, 2002–03, 2005–06, 2012–13\nFife & Lothians Cup: 1981–82, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2017–18\nLanark & Lothians Cup: 1963–64, 1965–66\nNational Dryburgh Cup: 1985–86\nEast Region Division Two: 1983–84\nEast Junior League Cup: 1975–76, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1987–88, 2000–01\nBrown Cup: 1933–34, 1963–64, 1973–74, 1977–78, 1985–86, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07\nSt. Michaels Cup: 1965–66, 1970–71, 1974–75\nRL Rae Cup: 1974–75\nPeter Craigie Cup: 1992–93\nThornton Shield: 1955–56, 1956–57\nDalmeny Cup: 1922–23\nMarshall Cup: 1913–14\nMusselburgh Cup: 1909–10, 1924–25\nRoseberry Charity Cup: 1937–38\nSimpson Shield: 1905–06\nAndy Kelly Memorial Cup: 2006","title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Per Bartram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_Bartram"},{"link_name":"Ally Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ally_Brazil"},{"link_name":"Sean Connery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Connery"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Graham Harvey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Harvey_(footballer)"},{"link_name":"Jim Hermiston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Hermiston"},{"link_name":"Jimmy Mackay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Mackay"},{"link_name":"final qualifier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(AFC_and_OFC)"},{"link_name":"Billy Neil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Neil_(footballer,_born_1944)"},{"link_name":"Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Football_League"},{"link_name":"Millwall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millwall_F.C."},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"Craig Paterson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Paterson"},{"link_name":"Chris Robertson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Robertson_(footballer,_born_1957)"},{"link_name":"Pat Stanton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Stanton"},{"link_name":"John White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_White_(footballer,_born_1937)"},{"link_name":"Tommy White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_White_(footballer,_born_1939)"}],"text":"Per Bartram (F) (1978) Denmark international\nJim Begbie (D) (1968–1972) Represented Hong Kong League XI\nAlly Brazil (D) (1992–1993) Scotland under-21 international\nSean Connery (early 1950s) future actor[22][23]\nGraham Harvey (F) (1998–1999) Represented Hong Kong League XI\nJim Hermiston (M) (1964–1965) Scotland under-23 international\nJimmy Mackay (M) (1961–1964) Represented Australia in the 1974 FIFA World Cup having scored the decisive goal in the final qualifier\nBilly Neil (M) Made 186 Football League appearances for Millwall[24]\nCraig Paterson (D) (1977–1979) Scotland under-21 international and Scotland's most expensive player in 1982\nChris Robertson (F) (1990s) Scotland under-21 international\nPat Stanton (M) (1961–1963) 16 caps for Scotland\nJohn White (M) (1955–1956) 22 caps for Scotland (3 goals)\nTommy White (F) Scotland under-23 international","title":"Notable former players"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Bonnyrigg host Brechin City in 2012–13's third round","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bonnyrigg_Red_Rose_0_Brechin_City_6.jpg/300px-Bonnyrigg_Red_Rose_0_Brechin_City_6.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"McGlone, David; McLure, Bill (1987). The Juniors – 100 Years. It was after a 1-1 draw at Hampden Park on the Saturday that they went on to win 6-1 on the Wednesday evening replay. A Centenary History of Scottish Junior Football. Mainstream. p. 80. ISBN 1-85158-060-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85158-060-3","url_text":"1-85158-060-3"}]},{"reference":"Parkinson, Brendan (19 April 2018). \"Club Update\". www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk. Retrieved 28 February 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk/teams/118321/news/club-update-2268023.html","url_text":"\"Club Update\""}]},{"reference":"McLauchlin, Brian (7 June 2018). \"East of Scotland League vote signals exodus of 25 junior clubs\". BBC Sport. Retrieved 10 June 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44408030","url_text":"\"East of Scotland League vote signals exodus of 25 junior clubs\""}]},{"reference":"Thomson, Scott (4 September 2016). \"Bonnyrigg 14, Burntisland 0: Biggest Scottish Cup win since 1984\". Edinburgh Evening News.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/lower-leagues/bonnyrigg-rose/bonnyrigg-14-burntisland-0-biggest-scottish-cup-win-since-1984-1-4220850","url_text":"\"Bonnyrigg 14, Burntisland 0: Biggest Scottish Cup win since 1984\""}]},{"reference":"\"Fourth Round venues confirmed\". scottishfa.co.uk. Scottish FA. 20 December 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_fa_news.cfm?page=2986&newsID=16702&newsCategoryID=1","url_text":"\"Fourth Round venues confirmed\""}]},{"reference":"\"Bonnyrigg Rose 1-8 Hibernian\". BBC. 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38620454","url_text":"\"Bonnyrigg Rose 1-8 Hibernian\""}]},{"reference":"\"Shaun Woodburn Memorial Cup: Fitting tribute to much loved footballer\". midlothianadvertiser.co.uk. Archived from the original on 14 October 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201014071229/https://www.midlothianadvertiser.co.uk/sport/shaun-woodburn-memorial-cup-fitting-tribute-much-loved-footballer-2047704","url_text":"\"Shaun Woodburn Memorial Cup: Fitting tribute to much loved footballer\""},{"url":"https://www.midlothianadvertiser.co.uk/sport/shaun-woodburn-memorial-cup-fitting-tribute-much-loved-footballer-2047704","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Parkinson, Brendan (14 June 2019). \"Club announcement - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic granted SFA membership\". bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk. Retrieved 10 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk/news/club-announcement--bonnyrigg-rose-athletic-granted-sfa-membership-2435339.html","url_text":"\"Club announcement - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic granted SFA membership\""}]},{"reference":"\"Scottish Cup matches\". scottishfa.co.uk. 21 September 2019. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish-cup-matches/?mid=235649","url_text":"\"Scottish Cup matches\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200812065244/https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish-cup-matches/?mid=235649","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Scottish Cup matches\". scottishfa.co.uk. 18 October 2019. Archived from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish-cup-matches/?mid=236110","url_text":"\"Scottish Cup matches\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200913062329/https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish-cup-matches/?mid=236110","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"McGlade, Neil (23 November 2019). \"Bonnyrigg Rose 2–1 Montrose: Ten-man Rose stun League One side in Scottish Cup thriller\". edinburghnews.scotsman.com. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/bonnyrigg-rose-2-1-montrose-ten-man-rose-stun-league-one-side-scottish-cup-thriller-1320777","url_text":"\"Bonnyrigg Rose 2–1 Montrose: Ten-man Rose stun League One side in Scottish Cup thriller\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210615192535/https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/bonnyrigg-rose-2-1-montrose-ten-man-rose-stun-league-one-side-scottish-cup-thriller-1320777","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Smith, Aidan (18 January 2020). \"Bonnyrigg Rose 0–1 Clyde: All about Love in Bonny and Clyde romance\". The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/international/bonnyrigg-rose-0-1-clyde-all-about-love-bonny-and-clyde-romance-1396893","url_text":"\"Bonnyrigg Rose 0–1 Clyde: All about Love in Bonny and Clyde romance\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210515031813/https://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/international/bonnyrigg-rose-0-1-clyde-all-about-love-bonny-and-clyde-romance-1396893","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Scottish Cup matches\". scottishfa.co.uk. 1 January 2021. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish-cup-matches/?mid=250679","url_text":"\"Scottish Cup matches\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210116114431/https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish-cup-matches/?mid=250679","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Dundee v Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic\". BBC. 9 January 2021. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/55512468","url_text":"\"Dundee v Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210109231625/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/55512468","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Pattullo, Alan (9 January 2021). \"How Bonnyrigg Rose almost staged one of the biggest-ever Scottish Cup shocks\". The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/international/dundee-almost-poley-against-rosey-posey-osman-sow-winner-extra-time-spares-blushes-after-bonnyrigg-rose-twice-take-lead-threaten-huge-scottish-cup-shock-3090998","url_text":"\"How Bonnyrigg Rose almost staged one of the biggest-ever Scottish Cup shocks\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210110035516/https://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/international/dundee-almost-poley-against-rosey-posey-osman-sow-winner-extra-time-spares-blushes-after-bonnyrigg-rose-twice-take-lead-threaten-huge-scottish-cup-shock-3090998","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"CLUB ANNOUNCEMENT - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic granted SFA membership - News - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic FC\". www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk. Retrieved 14 June 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk/teams/118321/news/club-announcement-bonnyrigg-rose-athletic-granted-2435339.html","url_text":"\"CLUB ANNOUNCEMENT - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic granted SFA membership - News - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic FC\""}]},{"reference":"\"Statement - Promotion and Relegation\". Scottish Lowland League. 14 June 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://slfl.co.uk/statement-promotion-and-relegation/","url_text":"\"Statement - Promotion and Relegation\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Team - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic FC\". www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk. Retrieved 27 February 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk/teams/118321/the-team","url_text":"\"The Team - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic - Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic FC\""}]},{"reference":"Parkinson, Brendan. \"Manager Announcement\". www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk. Retrieved 12 June 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk/teams/118321/news/title-1442579.html","url_text":"\"Manager Announcement\""}]},{"reference":"Thomson, Scott (30 August 2017). \"Robbie Horn leaves Bonnyrigg Rose to join Berwick Rangers\". Edinburgh Evening News. Retrieved 30 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/lower-leagues/bonnyrigg-rose/robbie-horn-leaves-bonnyrigg-rose-to-join-berwick-rangers-1-4545820","url_text":"\"Robbie Horn leaves Bonnyrigg Rose to join Berwick Rangers\""}]},{"reference":"Parkinson, Brendan. \"Managerial Announcement\". www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk. Retrieved 26 February 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bonnyriggrosefc.co.uk/teams/118321/news/managerial-announcement-2366076.html","url_text":"\"Managerial Announcement\""}]},{"reference":"\"Scottish Junior Football History Sean Connery\". Mud & Glory. April 2005. Retrieved 18 July 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.scottishjuniorfa.com/scottish-junior-fa/history/sean-connery","url_text":"\"Scottish Junior Football History Sean Connery\""}]},{"reference":"Crawford, Kenny (7 December 2016). \"Bonnyrigg Rose: Four things you might not know about the Rosey Posey\". BBC. Retrieved 18 July 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38236789","url_text":"\"Bonnyrigg Rose: Four things you might not know about the Rosey Posey\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC","url_text":"BBC"}]},{"reference":"\"Billy Neil\". Barry Hugman's Footballers.","urls":[{"url":"http://barryhugmansfootballers.com/player/14457","url_text":"\"Billy Neil\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Baro
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Alexis Baro
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["1 Biography","2 Discography","3 References","4 External links"]
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Cuban-Canadian musician
Alexis BaroBornHavana, CubaOriginHavana, CubaGenresCuban, Latin, Caribbean, Jazz,
FusionOccupation(s)Musician, composer, educatorInstrument(s)TrumpetYears active1996–presentLabelsG-threeWebsitewww.alexisbaro.comMusical artist
Alexis Baro is a Cuban-Canadian trumpet player and composer, most noted as a Juno Award nominee for Jazz Album of the Year, Solo at the Juno Awards of 2019.
Biography
Baro was born in Havana, Cuba. In school he became a member of the Buena Vista Social Club, singer Omara Portuondo's band. After completing his musical education, he completed a teaching certification at the Amadeo Roldán Music Conservatory.
Baro performed lead trumpet for the National Radio and Television Orchestra of Cuba at the age of 19.
In 2001, Baro was discovered by Canadian jazz drummer Archie Alleyne and became a member of the Canadian 'hard-bop" band Kollage. In the band Kollage, he was writer and performer for eight years.
In 2004 he released Havana Banana, his debut album as a bandleader. In 2006 he appeared as a feature soloist on Hilario Durán’s Grammy Award-nominated album From the Heart.
He is a three-time nominee for Best Trumpeter at the Canadian National Jazz Awards, in 2006, 2007 and 2008.
He received a Juno nomination for Jazz Album of the Year, Solo in 2019 for his 2018 album Sandstorm.
In addition to his work in jazz, he has also performed with the long-running rhythm and blues and funk combo Crack of Dawn.
Discography
Havana Banana - 2004
From the Heart - 2006, with Hilario Durán
From the Other Side - 2009
Blue Skin - 2013
Guilty Pleasure - 2015
Sugar Rush - 2016
Sandstorm - 2018
Mi Raiz - 2022
References
^ a b c d Roger Leveque, "Going easy on the Latin grooves; Cuban-Canadian trumpeter Alexis Baro offers up more of a funk-jazz fusion". Edmonton Journal, November 28, 2009.
^ a b "Junos 2019: the complete list of winners". CBC Music. March 16, 2019. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
^ a b Rob Vanstone, "Music is in Baro's genes". Regina Leader-Post, November 19, 2009.
^ Geoff Chapman, "Kollage hard-bops to fore ; Band takes on city hot spots starting Sunday". Toronto Star, December 13, 2001.
^ a b Mike Youds, "Get set move; Alexis Baro promises loud night at The Loft when he brings his Afro-Cuban, Latin and funk-jazz outfit to town April 4". Kamloops Daily News, March 28, 2008.
^ a b "CD Reviews". Toronto Star, November 18, 2004.
^ a b Ashante Infantry, "Cuban super session; For his new album, Hilario Duran was joined by two other jazz greats from Castro's island". Toronto Star, June 30, 2006.
^ "Choices are all up to you at NJAs". Toronto Star, March 2, 2006.
^ Sandy Graham, "Crack Of Dawn is Back with New Single “Tiempo” ft. Melba Moore". Cashbox Canada, September 18, 2020.
^ Errol Nazareth, "Not just Skin deep ; Alexis Baro's latest CD a tribute to Latin, Caribbean roots of jazz". Toronto Sun, January 11, 2013.
^ Jack Kopstein, "Alexis Baro: Guilty Pleasure". !earshot, December 10, 2015.
^ Lesley Mitchell-Clarke, "Sugar Rush - Alexis Baro & Pueblo Nuevo Jazz Project". The WholeNote, September 28, 2016.
^ Colin Story, "Sandstorm - Alexis Baro". The WholeNote, October 30, 2018.
^ Matthew Wright, "Alexis Baro: Mi Raiz". Jazz Journal, February 8, 2023.
External links
Official website
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"trumpet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpet"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-levesque-1"},{"link_name":"Juno Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_Award"},{"link_name":"Jazz Album of the Year, Solo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_Award_for_Jazz_Album_of_the_Year_%E2%80%93_Solo"},{"link_name":"Juno Awards of 2019","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_Awards_of_2019"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-juno-2"}],"text":"Musical artistAlexis Baro is a Cuban-Canadian trumpet player and composer,[1] most noted as a Juno Award nominee for Jazz Album of the Year, Solo at the Juno Awards of 2019.[2]","title":"Alexis Baro"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Havana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havana"},{"link_name":"Cuba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba"},{"link_name":"Buena Vista Social Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buena_Vista_Social_Club"},{"link_name":"Omara Portuondo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omara_Portuondo"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-levesque-1"},{"link_name":"Amadeo Roldán Music Conservatory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amadeo_Rold%C3%A1n_Music_Conservatory&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-vanstone-3"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-levesque-1"},{"link_name":"Archie Alleyne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie_Alleyne"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-youds-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-banana-6"},{"link_name":"Hilario Durán","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilario_Dur%C3%A1n"},{"link_name":"Grammy Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Awards"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-duran-7"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-vanstone-3"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-youds-5"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-juno-2"},{"link_name":"rhythm and blues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues"},{"link_name":"funk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funk_music"},{"link_name":"Crack of Dawn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crack_of_Dawn"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Baro was born in Havana, Cuba. In school he became a member of the Buena Vista Social Club, singer Omara Portuondo's band.[1] After completing his musical education, he completed a teaching certification at the Amadeo Roldán Music Conservatory.[3]Baro performed lead trumpet for the National Radio and Television Orchestra of Cuba at the age of 19.[1]In 2001, Baro was discovered by Canadian jazz drummer Archie Alleyne and became a member of the Canadian 'hard-bop\" band Kollage.[4] In the band Kollage, he was writer and performer for eight years.[5]In 2004 he released Havana Banana, his debut album as a bandleader.[6] In 2006 he appeared as a feature soloist on Hilario Durán’s Grammy Award-nominated album From the Heart.[7]He is a three-time nominee for Best Trumpeter at the Canadian National Jazz Awards,[3] in 2006,[8] 2007 and 2008.[5]He received a Juno nomination for Jazz Album of the Year, Solo in 2019 for his 2018 album Sandstorm.[2]In addition to his work in jazz, he has also performed with the long-running rhythm and blues and funk combo Crack of Dawn.[9]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-banana-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-duran-7"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-levesque-1"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"Havana Banana - 2004[6]\nFrom the Heart - 2006, with Hilario Durán[7]\nFrom the Other Side - 2009[1]\nBlue Skin - 2013[10]\nGuilty Pleasure - 2015[11]\nSugar Rush - 2016[12]\nSandstorm - 2018[13]\nMi Raiz - 2022[14]","title":"Discography"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Junos 2019: the complete list of winners\". CBC Music. March 16, 2019. Retrieved September 21, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cbc.ca/music/junos/news/junos-2019-the-complete-list-of-winners-1.5056461","url_text":"\"Junos 2019: the complete list of winners\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC_Music","url_text":"CBC Music"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://www.alexisbaro.com/","external_links_name":"www.alexisbaro.com"},{"Link":"https://www.cbc.ca/music/junos/news/junos-2019-the-complete-list-of-winners-1.5056461","external_links_name":"\"Junos 2019: the complete list of winners\""},{"Link":"https://cashboxcanada.ca/features-cover-story/crack-dawn-back-new-single-tiempo-ft-melba-moore/4130","external_links_name":"\"Crack Of Dawn is Back with New Single “Tiempo” ft. Melba Moore\""},{"Link":"https://www.earshot-online.com/reviews/DisplayReview.cfm?DiscID=168760","external_links_name":"\"Alexis Baro: Guilty Pleasure\""},{"Link":"https://www.thewholenote.com/index.php/booksrecords2/jazzaimprovised/26216-sugar-rush-alexis-baro-pueblo-nuevo-jazz-project","external_links_name":"\"Sugar Rush - Alexis Baro & Pueblo Nuevo Jazz Project\""},{"Link":"https://www.thewholenote.com/index.php/booksrecords2/jazzaimprovised/28511-sandstorm-alexis-baro","external_links_name":"\"Sandstorm - Alexis Baro\""},{"Link":"https://jazzjournal.co.uk/2023/02/08/alexis-baro-mi-raiz/","external_links_name":"\"Alexis Baro: Mi Raiz\""},{"Link":"https://www.alexisbaro.com/","external_links_name":"Official website"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheetah_Hunt
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Cheetah Hunt
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["1 History","2 Ride experience","3 Characteristics","3.1 Cheetah Run","3.2 Track","3.3 Trains","4 Incidents","5 Reception","5.1 Awards","6 See also","7 References","8 External links"]
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Coordinates: 28°2′3″N 82°25′12″W / 28.03417°N 82.42000°W / 28.03417; -82.42000Amusement ride in Tampa, Florida
Cheetah HuntAn overview of part of Cheetah HuntBusch Gardens Tampa BayLocationBusch Gardens Tampa BayPark sectionEdge of AfricaCoordinates28°2′3″N 82°25′12″W / 28.03417°N 82.42000°W / 28.03417; -82.42000StatusOperatingOpening dateMay 27, 2011 (2011-05-27)General statisticsTypeSteel – LaunchedManufacturerIntaminDesignerPGAV DestinationsModelBlitz CoasterLift/launch systemLSM launchHeight102 ft (31 m)Drop130 ft (40 m)Length4,429 ft (1,350 m)Speed60 mph (97 km/h)Inversions1G-force4Trains5 trains with 4 cars. Riders are arranged 2 across in 2 rows for a total of 16 riders per train.Launches
1. 30 mph (48 km/h) in 1.8 seconds
2. 60 mph (97 km/h) in 2.4 seconds
3. 40 mph (64 km/h) in 2.1 seconds
Websitebuschgardens.com/tampa/roller-coasters/cheetah-hunt/ Quick Queue availableCheetah Hunt at RCDBVideo
Cheetah Hunt is a steel launched roller coaster at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay in Tampa, Florida. The roller coaster was manufactured by Intamin and designed in collaboration with Mark Rose. Cheetah Hunt opened to the public on May 27, 2011, alongside a cheetah exhibit called Cheetah Run. Cheetah Hunt features three linear synchronous motor (LSM) launches and a single inversion. The roller coaster reaches a height of 102 feet (31 m), with a maximum speed of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) and a total track length of 4,429 feet (1,350 m).
Cheetah Hunt is located in the Edge of Africa section of the park and navigates through the Serengeti Plain section. The Cheetah Run exhibit replaced the Budweiser Clydesdales stable area with an 11,000-square-foot (1,000 m2) space and a 220-foot (67 m) sprint track. The roller coaster utilizes the former monorail station and Rhino Rally water section for its track. Upon opening, Cheetah Hunt received positive acclaim from the public, and ranked as the 2nd Best New Ride of 2011 by the Golden Ticket Awards.
History
The concept for the roller coaster, later to be known as Cheetah Hunt, took seven years from conceptualization to completion. Cheetah Hunt was designed by Mark Rose, vice president of design and engineering at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay. Rose was inspired by a scene in the Star Wars film Return of the Jedi where the protagonists navigated the forests of Endor on speeder bikes. The attraction was also inspired by SeaWorld Orlando's roller coaster Manta with its combination of animal habitat and attraction. Rose initially thought of using a lift hill to reach the speed he wanted, but after realizing the height of the lift would be too tall, he incorporated the design to include a linear synchronous motor (LSM) system.
Bolliger & Mabillard, among other manufacturers, were considered for the latter attraction, with Intamin ultimately being chosen because of the manufacturer's technology development and the park's expectations. In the early planning and construction stages, the roller coaster was initially called "Cheetaka", as a trademark was filed on April 18, 2010, for the name by SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, parent company of Busch Gardens Tampa Bay. After the park realized that the name was too hard to pronounce and didn't describe the ride, the trademark was abandoned.
Construction walls and survey stakes were observed in April 2010 within the Edge of Africa section, with the Serengeti Express closed to reposition railroad track. Trenches were beginning to be dug out in May, and by June, the transportation gondola, Skyride, was closed for the rumored attraction. During that month, the park launched a teaser campaign revealing details of the attraction. The campaign featured a website that showcased videos describing the attraction's main characteristics, updates from park officials, and cutscenes of the ride's point-of-view shot video from June to August. The park released a photo on its social media account of the roller coaster's track on September 10.
The construction of the foundations was completed in October 2010. The day prior to the announcement of the ride on October 12, a second trademark was filed under the name of "Cheetah Hunt". Cheetah Hunt was officially announced on October 13, alongside a new "Cheetah Run" habitat. Temporary pathways were erected during the construction of Cheetah Hunt behind the former Budweiser Clydesdales stables to reroute foot traffic. By November, vertical construction began and some supports for the ride were already in place. By mid-December, the supports for the 102-foot-tall (31 m) figure 8 element were complete with some pieces of track also installed, including the first launch section being complete.
The park announced on February 17 that the attraction would open in late May. The roller coaster's trains arrived on February 28. Track work for the roller coaster was completed on March 14. It was observed that the park was completing "walk-through tests" on the track, a measure to ensure the trains could safely clear obstacles, in late March. Testing began for the roller coaster with water dummies in late April. Cheetah Hunt opened to the public on May 27. Another roller coaster in the park, Cheetah Chase, was renamed Sand Serpent to reduce confusion between the two roller coasters.
Ride experience
The ride begins with a 30-mile-per-hour (48 km/h) linear synchronous motor (LSM) launch out of the station and around a wide left turn followed by a gradual dip before approaching the second launch. The second launch accelerates riders to their top speed of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) before climbing a 102-foot (31 m) figure-eight element (also known as a Windcatcher Tower). Riders weave through a series of helixes before dropping 130 feet (40 m) into a trench, then proceed over a direction-changing airtime hill crossing over the Skyride, before completing the ride's only inversion, a heartline roll. Upon exiting the barrel-roll and its subsequent brake run, the ride remains low to the ground and goes through a series of short banked turns through a rock fixture simulating several "near misses". This leads the ride into its third and final launch, which accelerates riders to a speed of 40 miles per hour (64 km/h) to navigate its way back to the station. During the journey back, there are more airtime and direction-changing hills before the final brake run.
Characteristics
Cheetah Hunt was originally termed within the Crown Colony Plaza area of the park, now the Edge of Africa section. The roller coaster is inspired by the general species of cheetah. The themed area features a mixture of concrete and driftwood cheetah statues and a large rock-shaped cheetah located within the queue area. The themed land surrounding both roller coaster and exhibit uses a mix of architectural styles inspired by three of the park's themed lands: Africa, Egypt, and Morocco. The roller coaster's queue area is themed to a collapsed temple. Cheetah Hunt covers 13 acres (5.3 ha) of land within Busch Gardens Tampa Bay.
Cheetah Run
Cheetah Run enclosure
To go alongside Cheetah Hunt, the park opened an animal exhibit called Cheetah Run that replaced the Budweiser Clydesdales interaction area. The exhibit is located adjacent to the roller coaster's main launch sequence. The exhibit features glass-paneled viewing areas which allow visitors to watch cheetahs sprint across a 220-foot (67 m) dirt track and educational touch screen panels. Cheetah Run encompasses an area of 11,000 square feet (1,000 m2) and houses rockwork, a waterfall, and grassland among areas of a ruined temple. The cheetahs are housed within the old stable building.
In February 2011, five cheetahs arrived on site in preparation for the opening of the exhibit. The cheetahs originated from the White Oak Conservation Center located near Jacksonville, Florida, and South Africa. During construction of the habitat, the cheetahs were accommodated to various sounds that would surround their enclosure. Cheetah Run opened with the roller coaster on May 27, 2011, with 14 cheetahs.
Track
Cheetah Hunt as it traverses its layout
Cheetah Hunt is an Intamin steel launched roller coaster manufactured by Intamin's United States distributor, Intaride LLC. The track is colored green with the supports colored gold to reflect the habitat of the cheetahs in the section of the park. The ride's station is located in the former monorail station that was decommissioned in the 1990s and is housed within the same building that is occupied by the Skyride. The station features a two-train loading system. Cheetah Hunt is one of two roller coasters that feature a Windcatcher Tower element.
The track of the roller coaster extends into the Serengeti Plain section of the park, and into the defunct water canyon section of Rhino Rally. Four trenches were constructed for Cheetah Hunt to traverse under the Serengeti Plain as well as a pedestrian bridge. In addition, the track traverses over the Skyride gondolas. The maintenance bay for the roller coaster is located on a lower level of the building. The steel track is 4,429 feet (1,350 m) long.
Trains
Each train is colored yellow with cheetah print, with the front piece of the train designed to appear as a cheetah's head. Cheetah Hunt operates with five trains, each with four cars that are arranged two across in two rows, allowing for 16 riders per train. The station allows for two trains to be loaded at the same time. Each seat has an over-the-shoulder restraint. Each train on Cheetah Hunt exerts a maximum of 4.0 g-forces to its riders.
Incidents
Main article: Incidents at SeaWorld parks
On February 12, 2014, one of the trains, loaded with 16 passengers, stopped between the first and second launch on the roller coaster's banked crest. Park officials attempted to move the train backwards onto the launch platform but failed. The Tampa Fire Rescue Department was called thereafter to rescue the passengers with a cherry picker and a ladder during inclement weather. All passengers were rescued without injury. The roller coaster remained closed the day after the incident for inspection by park maintenance.
Reception
One of Cheetah Hunt's trains as it traverses through the heartline roll
After the original name was changed upon the roller coaster's announcement, some theme park enthusiasts criticized the change, saying that "Cheetah Hunt" did not fit the roller coaster and pressing Busch Gardens to revert the name back to "Cheetaka". However, Busch Gardens responded saying that the name would not be changed.
Cheetah Hunt was mostly well-received by the public and critics. Sean Daly from the Tampa Bay Times said that Cheetah Hunt is not that scary and compared it to SheiKra and Montu. He was also surprised that, despite "three head-snapping launches", the ride was "curiously slow" at times, though he still praised the final launch stating, " sends you over a seemingly small parabola, a stomach-flipping surprise ending." Dewayne Bevil of the Orlando Sentinel positively highlighted the scenic tower, winding maneuvers, and low curves that were akin to slalom skiing. Bevil complimented the ride running smoothly with comfortable over-the-shoulder harnesses, overall stating it "isn't an extreme coaster, but definitely a fun one". Staff of Attractions Magazine praised the roller coaster's combination of launches, airtime, and "zig-zag motion".
Awards
Golden Ticket Awards: Best New Ride for 2011
Ranking
2
Golden Ticket Awards: Top steel Roller Coasters
Year
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2021
Ranking
48
37
39
29 (tied)
35
36
41
See also
2011 in amusement parks
iSpeed, another Intamin LSM Launch Coaster located at Mirabilandia
Maverick, another Intamin LSM Launch Coaster located at Cedar Point
Verbolten, a Zierer family launch roller coaster at sister park Busch Gardens Williamsburg
References
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^ a b Bevil, Dewayne (May 26, 2011). "Review: Busch Gardens' new Cheetah Hunt is one smooth coaster". Orlando Sentinel. Tribune Publishing. Archived from the original on July 12, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
^ "Full review and on-ride video of Cheetah Hunt roller coaster at Busch Gardens". Attractions Magazine. May 27, 2011. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
^ "Amusement Today – Golden Ticket Awards 2011" (PDF). Amusement Today. 15 (6.2): 4, 27B. September 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "2014 Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 18 (6.2): 46–47. September 2014. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "2015 Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 19 (6.2): 49–50. September 2015. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "2016 Top 50 Steel Coasters". Golden Ticket Awards. Amusement Today. September 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "2017 Top 50 Steel Coasters". Golden Ticket Awards. Amusement Today. September 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "2018 Top 50 Steel Coasters". Golden Ticket Awards. Amusement Today. September 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "2019 Top 50 Steel Coasters". Golden Ticket Awards. Amusement Today. September 2019. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
^ "2021 Golden Ticket Award Winners". Golden Ticket Awards. Amusement Today. September 2021. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cheetah Hunt.
Official website
vteRoller coasters at Busch Gardens Tampa BayCurrent
Air Grover
Cheetah Hunt
Cobra's Curse
Iron Gwazi
Kumba
Montu
Scorpion
SheiKra
Tigris
Past
Gwazi
Python
Sand Serpent
vteBusch Gardens Tampa BayMorocco
Gwazi Flyers
Iron Gwazi
Myombe Reserve
Bird Gardens
Lory Landing
Garden Gate Cafe
Walkabout Way
Sesame Street Safari of Fun
Air Grover
Stanleyville
SheiKra
Serengeti Express
Stanley Falls Flume
Skyride
Tigris
Jungala
The Wild Surge
Treetop Trails
Tiger Lodge
Congo
Congo River Rapids
Kumba
Serengeti Express
U-banga Banga Bumper Cars
Pantopia
Scorpion
Busch Flyers
Treasures of the Mirage
Grand Caravan Carousel
Falcon's Fury
Nairobi
Animal Care Center
Serengeti Express
Curiosity Caverns
Jambo Junction
Crown Colony
Skyride
Cheetah Run
Cheetah Hunt
Serengeti Plain
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Edge of Africa
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Future
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|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*"},{"link_name":"steel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_roller_coaster"},{"link_name":"launched roller coaster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launched_roller_coaster"},{"link_name":"Busch Gardens Tampa Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busch_Gardens_Tampa_Bay"},{"link_name":"Tampa, Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Intamin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intamin"},{"link_name":"cheetah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheetah"},{"link_name":"linear synchronous motor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Synchronous_Motor"},{"link_name":"Edge of Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busch_Gardens_Tampa_Bay#Edge_of_Africa"},{"link_name":"Rhino Rally","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhino_Rally"},{"link_name":"Best New Ride","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_New_Ride"},{"link_name":"Golden Ticket Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Ticket_Awards"}],"text":"Amusement ride in Tampa, FloridaCheetah Hunt is a steel launched roller coaster at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay in Tampa, Florida. The roller coaster was manufactured by Intamin and designed in collaboration with Mark Rose. Cheetah Hunt opened to the public on May 27, 2011, alongside a cheetah exhibit called Cheetah Run. Cheetah Hunt features three linear synchronous motor (LSM) launches and a single inversion. The roller coaster reaches a height of 102 feet (31 m), with a maximum speed of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) and a total track length of 4,429 feet (1,350 m).Cheetah Hunt is located in the Edge of Africa section of the park and navigates through the Serengeti Plain section. The Cheetah Run exhibit replaced the Budweiser Clydesdales stable area with an 11,000-square-foot (1,000 m2) space and a 220-foot (67 m) sprint track. The roller coaster utilizes the former monorail station and Rhino Rally water section for its track. Upon opening, Cheetah Hunt received positive acclaim from the public, and ranked as the 2nd Best New Ride of 2011 by the Golden Ticket Awards.","title":"Cheetah Hunt"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-2"},{"link_name":"Busch Gardens Tampa Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busch_Gardens_Tampa_Bay"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rose-3"},{"link_name":"Star Wars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars"},{"link_name":"Return of the Jedi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi"},{"link_name":"Endor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endor_(Star_Wars)"},{"link_name":"speeder bikes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speeder_bike"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rose-3"},{"link_name":"SeaWorld Orlando","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SeaWorld_Orlando"},{"link_name":"Manta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manta_(SeaWorld_Orlando)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:7-5"},{"link_name":"lift hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_hill"},{"link_name":"linear synchronous motor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_Synchronous_Motor"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rose-3"},{"link_name":"Bolliger & Mabillard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolliger_%26_Mabillard"},{"link_name":"Intamin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intamin"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-2"},{"link_name":"SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SeaWorld_Parks_%26_Entertainment"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mark1-7"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mark1-7"},{"link_name":"survey stakes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survey_stakes"},{"link_name":"Serengeti Express","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serengeti_Express"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Skyride","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyride_(Busch_Gardens_Tampa_Bay)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:12-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:5-12"},{"link_name":"point-of-view shot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-of-view_shot"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:5-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mark1-7"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:12-11"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Insider_Update:_Cheetah_Hunt_Has_Gone_Vertical-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cheetah_Hunt:_Construction_Update-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:7-5"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RCDB-33"},{"link_name":"Cheetah Chase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheetah_Chase"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:13-34"}],"text":"The concept for the roller coaster, later to be known as Cheetah Hunt, took seven years from conceptualization to completion.[1][2] Cheetah Hunt was designed by Mark Rose, vice president of design and engineering at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay.[3] Rose was inspired by a scene in the Star Wars film Return of the Jedi where the protagonists navigated the forests of Endor on speeder bikes.[1][2][3] The attraction was also inspired by SeaWorld Orlando's roller coaster Manta with its combination of animal habitat and attraction.[4][5] Rose initially thought of using a lift hill to reach the speed he wanted, but after realizing the height of the lift would be too tall, he incorporated the design to include a linear synchronous motor (LSM) system.[3]Bolliger & Mabillard, among other manufacturers, were considered for the latter attraction, with Intamin ultimately being chosen because of the manufacturer's technology development and the park's expectations.[2] In the early planning and construction stages, the roller coaster was initially called \"Cheetaka\", as a trademark was filed on April 18, 2010, for the name by SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, parent company of Busch Gardens Tampa Bay.[6][7] After the park realized that the name was too hard to pronounce and didn't describe the ride, the trademark was abandoned.[7]Construction walls and survey stakes were observed in April 2010 within the Edge of Africa section, with the Serengeti Express closed to reposition railroad track.[8] Trenches were beginning to be dug out in May,[9] and by June, the transportation gondola, Skyride, was closed for the rumored attraction.[10][11] During that month, the park launched a teaser campaign revealing details of the attraction.[12] The campaign featured a website that showcased videos describing the attraction's main characteristics, updates from park officials, and cutscenes of the ride's point-of-view shot video from June to August.[12][13][14] The park released a photo on its social media account of the roller coaster's track on September 10.[15]The construction of the foundations was completed in October 2010.[16] The day prior to the announcement of the ride on October 12, a second trademark was filed under the name of \"Cheetah Hunt\".[17] Cheetah Hunt was officially announced on October 13, alongside a new \"Cheetah Run\" habitat.[7][18][19] Temporary pathways were erected during the construction of Cheetah Hunt behind the former Budweiser Clydesdales stables to reroute foot traffic.[11] By November, vertical construction began and some supports for the ride were already in place.[20][21][22] By mid-December, the supports for the 102-foot-tall (31 m) figure 8 element were complete with some pieces of track also installed, including the first launch section being complete.[23][24]The park announced on February 17 that the attraction would open in late May.[25] The roller coaster's trains arrived on February 28.[26][27] Track work for the roller coaster was completed on March 14.[28][29] It was observed that the park was completing \"walk-through tests\" on the track, a measure to ensure the trains could safely clear obstacles, in late March.[30][31] Testing began for the roller coaster with water dummies in late April.[32] Cheetah Hunt opened to the public on May 27.[5][33] Another roller coaster in the park, Cheetah Chase, was renamed Sand Serpent to reduce confusion between the two roller coasters.[34]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_coaster_element#Station"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TBTreview2-35"},{"link_name":"helixes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_coaster_elements#Helix"},{"link_name":"airtime","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_time_(rides)"},{"link_name":"heartline roll","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartline_roll"},{"link_name":"brake run","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_run"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RCDB-33"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"}],"text":"The ride begins with a 30-mile-per-hour (48 km/h) linear synchronous motor (LSM) launch out of the station and around a wide left turn followed by a gradual dip before approaching the second launch. The second launch accelerates riders to their top speed of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) before climbing a 102-foot (31 m) figure-eight element (also known as a Windcatcher Tower).[35] Riders weave through a series of helixes before dropping 130 feet (40 m) into a trench, then proceed over a direction-changing airtime hill crossing over the Skyride, before completing the ride's only inversion, a heartline roll. Upon exiting the barrel-roll and its subsequent brake run, the ride remains low to the ground and goes through a series of short banked turns through a rock fixture simulating several \"near misses\". This leads the ride into its third and final launch, which accelerates riders to a speed of 40 miles per hour (64 km/h) to navigate its way back to the station. During the journey back, there are more airtime and direction-changing hills before the final brake run.[33][36]","title":"Ride experience"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mark1-7"},{"link_name":"driftwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driftwood"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-39"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:8-40"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-39"},{"link_name":"temple","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:11-41"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:11-41"}],"text":"Cheetah Hunt was originally termed within the Crown Colony Plaza area of the park,[37] now the Edge of Africa section.[38] The roller coaster is inspired by the general species of cheetah.[7] The themed area features a mixture of concrete and driftwood cheetah statues and a large rock-shaped cheetah located within the queue area.[39][40] The themed land surrounding both roller coaster and exhibit uses a mix of architectural styles inspired by three of the park's themed lands: Africa, Egypt, and Morocco.[39] The roller coaster's queue area is themed to a collapsed temple.[41] Cheetah Hunt covers 13 acres (5.3 ha) of land within Busch Gardens Tampa Bay.[41]","title":"Characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cheetah_Run_enclosure.jpg"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-18"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-2"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-OSentinel_-_announcement-43"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-18"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:6-44"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:6-44"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:12-11"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:10-45"},{"link_name":"cheetahs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheetah"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"},{"link_name":"White Oak Conservation Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Oak_Conservation"},{"link_name":"Jacksonville, Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida"},{"link_name":"South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-39"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:10-45"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:8-40"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:7-5"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:6-44"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:10-45"}],"sub_title":"Cheetah Run","text":"Cheetah Run enclosureTo go alongside Cheetah Hunt, the park opened an animal exhibit called Cheetah Run that replaced the Budweiser Clydesdales interaction area.[18][42] The exhibit is located adjacent to the roller coaster's main launch sequence.[2] The exhibit features glass-paneled viewing areas which allow visitors to watch cheetahs sprint across a 220-foot (67 m) dirt track and educational touch screen panels.[43][18][44] Cheetah Run encompasses an area of 11,000 square feet (1,000 m2) and houses rockwork, a waterfall, and grassland among areas of a ruined temple.[44] The cheetahs are housed within the old stable building.[11][45]In February 2011, five cheetahs arrived on site in preparation for the opening of the exhibit.[46][47] The cheetahs originated from the White Oak Conservation Center located near Jacksonville, Florida, and South Africa.[39][45] During construction of the habitat, the cheetahs were accommodated to various sounds that would surround their enclosure.[40] Cheetah Run opened with the roller coaster on May 27, 2011, with 14 cheetahs.[5][44][45]","title":"Characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cheetah_Hunt_hill.jpg"},{"link_name":"steel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_roller_coaster"},{"link_name":"launched roller coaster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launched_roller_coaster"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-18"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RCDB-33"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"},{"link_name":"station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_coaster_elements"},{"link_name":"monorail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monorail"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mark1-7"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:11-41"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"},{"link_name":"Serengeti Plain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busch_Gardens_Tampa_Bay#The_Serengeti_Plain"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mark1-7"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-39"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-OScheetaka4-51"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-39"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-2"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:11-41"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RCDB-33"}],"sub_title":"Track","text":"Cheetah Hunt as it traverses its layoutCheetah Hunt is an Intamin steel launched roller coaster manufactured by Intamin's United States distributor, Intaride LLC.[18][33] The track is colored green with the supports colored gold to reflect the habitat of the cheetahs in the section of the park.[48] The ride's station is located in the former monorail station that was decommissioned in the 1990s and is housed within the same building that is occupied by the Skyride.[7][49] The station features a two-train loading system.[41] Cheetah Hunt is one of two roller coasters that feature a Windcatcher Tower element.[50]The track of the roller coaster extends into the Serengeti Plain section of the park,[7] and into the defunct water canyon section of Rhino Rally.[39][51] Four trenches were constructed for Cheetah Hunt to traverse under the Serengeti Plain as well as a pedestrian bridge.[39][52] In addition, the track traverses over the Skyride gondolas. The maintenance bay for the roller coaster is located on a lower level of the building.[2][41] The steel track is 4,429 feet (1,350 m) long.[33]","title":"Characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"cheetah print","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheetah_print"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-39"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RCDB-33"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-2"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"},{"link_name":"g-forces","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-force"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RCDB-33"}],"sub_title":"Trains","text":"Each train is colored yellow with cheetah print, with the front piece of the train designed to appear as a cheetah's head.[39][53] Cheetah Hunt operates with five trains, each with four cars that are arranged two across in two rows, allowing for 16 riders per train.[33] The station allows for two trains to be loaded at the same time.[2] Each seat has an over-the-shoulder restraint.[54] Each train on Cheetah Hunt exerts a maximum of 4.0 g-forces to its riders.[33]","title":"Characteristics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tampa Fire Rescue Department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa_Fire_Rescue_Department"},{"link_name":"cherry picker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Picker"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-56"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-57"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-58"}],"text":"On February 12, 2014, one of the trains, loaded with 16 passengers, stopped between the first and second launch on the roller coaster's banked crest. Park officials attempted to move the train backwards onto the launch platform but failed. The Tampa Fire Rescue Department was called thereafter to rescue the passengers with a cherry picker and a ladder during inclement weather. All passengers were rescued without injury.[55][56][57] The roller coaster remained closed the day after the incident for inspection by park maintenance.[58]","title":"Incidents"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cheetah_Hunt_inversion.jpg"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mark1-7"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-OScheetaka4-51"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"},{"link_name":"Tampa Bay Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Times"},{"link_name":"SheiKra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SheiKra"},{"link_name":"Montu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montu_(roller_coaster)"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TBTreview2-35"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TBTreview2-35"},{"link_name":"Orlando Sentinel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel"},{"link_name":"slalom skiing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slalom_skiing"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:9-60"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:9-60"},{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-61"}],"text":"One of Cheetah Hunt's trains as it traverses through the heartline rollAfter the original name was changed upon the roller coaster's announcement, some theme park enthusiasts criticized the change, saying that \"Cheetah Hunt\" did not fit the roller coaster and pressing Busch Gardens to revert the name back to \"Cheetaka\". However, Busch Gardens responded saying that the name would not be changed.[7][51][59]Cheetah Hunt was mostly well-received by the public and critics. Sean Daly from the Tampa Bay Times said that Cheetah Hunt is not that scary and compared it to SheiKra and Montu.[35] He was also surprised that, despite \"three head-snapping launches\", the ride was \"curiously slow\" at times, though he still praised the final launch stating, \"[It] sends you over a seemingly small parabola, a stomach-flipping surprise ending.\"[35] Dewayne Bevil of the Orlando Sentinel positively highlighted the scenic tower, winding maneuvers, and low curves that were akin to slalom skiing.[60] Bevil complimented the ride running smoothly with comfortable over-the-shoulder harnesses, overall stating it \"isn't an extreme coaster, but definitely a fun one\".[60] Staff of Attractions Magazine praised the roller coaster's combination of launches, airtime, and \"zig-zag motion\".[61]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Awards","title":"Reception"}]
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[{"image_text":"Cheetah Run enclosure","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Cheetah_Run_enclosure.jpg/220px-Cheetah_Run_enclosure.jpg"},{"image_text":"Cheetah Hunt as it traverses its layout","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cheetah_Hunt_hill.jpg/220px-Cheetah_Hunt_hill.jpg"},{"image_text":"One of Cheetah Hunt's trains as it traverses through the heartline roll","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cheetah_Hunt_inversion.jpg/170px-Cheetah_Hunt_inversion.jpg"}]
|
[{"title":"2011 in amusement parks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_in_amusement_parks"},{"title":"iSpeed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISpeed"},{"title":"Maverick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maverick_(roller_coaster)"},{"title":"Verbolten","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbolten"}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeriy_Pustovoitenko
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Valeriy Pustovoitenko
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["1 References"]
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Ukrainian politician
In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Pavlovych and the family name is Pustovoitenko.
Valeriy PustovoitenkoВалерій Пустовойтенко6th Prime Minister of UkraineIn office16 July 1997 – 30 November 1999PresidentLeonid KuchmaPreceded byPavlo LazarenkoSucceeded byViktor YushchenkoMinister of Cabinet of UkraineIn officeApril 1993 – September 1993PresidentLeonid KravchukPrime MinisterLeonid KuchmaPreceded byAnatoliy LobovSucceeded byIvan DotsenkoIn officeJuly 1994 – July 1997President
Leonid Kravchuk
Leonid Kuchma
Prime Minister
Vitaliy Masol
Yevhen Marchuk
Pavlo Lazarenko
Preceded byIvan DotsenkoSucceeded byAnatoliy TolstoukhovMinister of TransportationIn office9 June 2001 – 2002PresidentLeonid KuchmaPrime MinisterAnatoliy KinakhPreceded byLeonid KostyuchenkoSucceeded byHeorhiy Kirpa
Personal detailsBorn (1947-02-23) 23 February 1947 (age 77)Adamivka, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union(now part of Berezanka, Ukraine)Political partyPeople's Democratic Party
Valeriy Pavlovych Pustovoitenko (Ukrainian: Валерій Павлович Пустовойтенко; born 23 February 1947) is a Ukrainian politician who served as prime minister of Ukraine from 16 July 1997 to 22 December 1999. He resigned in connection with Leonid Kuchma's re-election for a new term. He is a former leader of the People's Democratic Party of Ukraine.
References
^ Zviglyanich, Volodymyr (12 September 1997). WHAT ROLE DOES UKRAINE'S NEW PRIME MINISTER PLAY IN PRESIDENT'S KUCHMA'S GAME PLAN?. Washington, DC: Jamestown Foundation. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ Neilan, Terence (15 December 1999). "World Briefing". The New York Times. New York, New York. pp. A14. Retrieved 22 January 2010.
^ Kuzio, Taras (18 July 2004). "Former Party-of-power Divided Over Supporting Yanukovych". Eurasia Daily Monitor. 1 (54).
Sporting positions
Preceded byViktor Bannikov
President of the Football Federation of Ukraine 1996–2000
Succeeded byHryhoriy Surkis
Political offices
Preceded byVasyl Durdynets
Prime Minister of Ukraine 1997–1999
Succeeded byViktor Yushchenko
vtePrime ministers of UkraineList of prime ministers of UkraineUkrainian People's Republic(1917–1920)
Volodymyr Vynnychenko
Vsevolod Holubovych
Mykola Sakhno-Ustymovych1
Mykola Vasylenko1
Fedir Lyzohub
Serhii Gerbel
Volodymyr Chekhivskyi
Serhii Ostapenko
Borys Martos
Isaak Mazepa
Vyacheslav ProkopovychCouncil of Ministers
Yevgenia Bosch1
Mykola Skrypnyk
Georgy Pyatakov
Christian Rakovsky
Vlas Chubar
Panas Lyubchenko
Mykhailo Bondarenko
Mykola Marchak1
Demyan Korotchenko
Leonid Korniyets
Nikita Khrushchev
Demyan Korotchenko
Nikifor Kalchenko
Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
Ivan Kazanets
Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
Oleksandr Liashko
Vitaliy Masol
Kostyantyn Masyk1
Vitold FokinGovernment (in exile)
Andriy Livytskyi
Pylyp Pylypchuk
Andriy Livytskyi
Vyacheslav Prokopovych
Oleksander Shulhyn
Vyacheslav Prokopovych
Andriy Yakovliv
Kostiantyn Pankivskyi
Isaak Mazepa
Stepan Baran
Spyrydon Dovhal
Symon Sozontiv
Mykola Livytskyi
Spyrydon Dovhal
Atanas Figol
Spyrydon Dovhal
Vasyl Fedoronchuk
Teofil Leontiy
Ivan Kedryn-Rudnytskyi
Teofil Leontiy
Yaroslav-Bohdan Rudnytsky
Ivan SamiylenkoCabinet of Ministers
Vitold Fokin
Valentyn Symonenko1
Leonid Kuchma
Yukhym Zvyahilsky1
Vitaliy Masol
Yevhen Marchuk
Pavlo Lazarenko
Vasyl Durdynets1
Valeriy Pustovoitenko
Viktor Yushchenko
Anatoliy Kinakh
Viktor Yanukovych
Mykola Azarov1
Viktor Yanukovych
Mykola Azarov1
Yulia Tymoshenko
Yuriy Yekhanurov
Viktor Yanukovych
Yulia Tymoshenko
Oleksandr Turchynov1
Mykola Azarov
Serhiy Arbuzov1
Oleksandr Turchynov1
Arseniy Yatsenyuk
Volodymyr Groysman
Oleksiy Honcharuk
Denys Shmyhal1 denotes acting
vtePresidents of the Ukrainian Association of FootballSoviet section offootball and ice hockey
Levitin (1932–1934)
Kosmachov (1934–1937)
Khavchyn (1937–1941)
World War II (1941–1944)
Romanenko (1944–1959)
Soviet football federation
Balakin (1959)
Kuznetsov (1959–1963)
Idzkovsky (1963–1964)
Martyniuk (1964–1971)
Oshenkov (1971–1975)
Fominykh (1975–1991)
Association of football(Football federation)
Bannikov (1991–1996)
Pustovoitenko (1996–2000)
Surkis (2000–2012)
Konkov (2012–2015)
Pavelko (2015–present)
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Germany
United States
This biographical article about a Ukrainian politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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[{"reference":"Zviglyanich, Volodymyr (12 September 1997). WHAT ROLE DOES UKRAINE'S NEW PRIME MINISTER PLAY IN PRESIDENT'S KUCHMA'S GAME PLAN?. Washington, DC: Jamestown Foundation.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Neilan, Terence (15 December 1999). \"World Briefing\". The New York Times. New York, New York. pp. A14. Retrieved 22 January 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/15/world/world-briefing.html?pagewanted=1","url_text":"\"World Briefing\""}]},{"reference":"Kuzio, Taras (18 July 2004). \"Former Party-of-power Divided Over Supporting Yanukovych\". Eurasia Daily Monitor. 1 (54).","urls":[]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/15/world/world-briefing.html?pagewanted=1","external_links_name":"\"World Briefing\""},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000017115155","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/62614798","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwth6Rg3cPdPjVgPHkhpP","external_links_name":"WorldCat"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/12898127X","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2004027131","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valeriy_Pustovoitenko&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edward_Taylor
|
John Edward Taylor
|
["1 Personal life","2 Membership of the Little Circle","3 Manchester Guardian","4 Death","5 Legacy","6 References","7 External links"]
|
British journalist and publisher (1791–1844)
Not to be confused with John Edward Taylor (bishop).
For other people named John Taylor, see John Taylor (disambiguation).
John Edward TaylorBorn(1791-09-11)11 September 1791Ilminster, Somerset, EnglandDied6 January 1844(1844-01-06) (aged 52)Occupation(s)Editor and publisherBusiness tycoonFamilyMary Scott (mother), Stanley Jevons (son-in-law)
John Edward Taylor (11 September 1791 – 6 January 1844) was an English business tycoon, editor, publisher and member of The Portico Library, who was the founder of the Manchester Guardian newspaper in 1821, which was renamed in 1959 The Guardian.
Personal life
Taylor was born at Ilminster, Somerset, England, to Mary Scott, the poet, and John Taylor, a Unitarian minister who moved after his wife's death to Manchester with his son to run a school there. John Edward was educated at his father's school and at Daventry Academy. He was apprenticed to a cotton manufacturer in Manchester and later became a successful merchant; Taylor "derived much of his wealth from Manchester’s cotton industry, an industry that relied on firms such as Taylor’s trading with cotton plantations in the Americas that had enslaved millions of Black people".
His children by his first wife and first cousin Sophia Russell Taylor (née Scott) included a son named after himself and a daughter, Harriet Ann Taylor, who in 1867 married the economist and logician Stanley Jevons.
Membership of the Little Circle
Main article: Little Circle
A moderate supporter of reform, from 1815 Taylor was a member of a group of Nonconformist Liberals, meeting in the Manchester home of John Potter, termed the Little Circle. Other members of the group included: Joseph Brotherton (preacher); Archibald Prentice (later editor of the Manchester Times); John Shuttleworth (industrialist and municipal reformer); Absalom Watkin (parliamentary reformer and anti corn law campaigner); William Cowdray Jnr (editor of the Manchester Gazette); Thomas Potter (later first mayor of Manchester) and Richard Potter (later MP for Wigan).
After the death of John Potter, the Potter brothers formed a second Little Circle group, to begin a campaign for parliamentary reform. This called for the better proportional representation in the Houses of Parliament from the rotten boroughs towards the fast-growing industrialised towns of Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester and Salford. After the petition raised on behalf of the group by Absalom Watkin, Parliament passed the Reform Act 1832.
Manchester Guardian
Main article: The Guardian
Taylor witnessed the Peterloo massacre in 1819, but was unimpressed by its leaders, writing:
They have appealed not to the reason but to the passions and the suffering of their abused and credulous fellow-countrymen, from whose ill-requited industry they extort for themselves the means of a plentiful and comfortable existence
However, the radical press in Manchester, particularly Manchester Observer supported the protests, and it was not until the Observer was closed by successive police prosecutions that the road was clear for a newspaper closer to Taylor's liberal-minded mill-owning friends.
In 1821, the members of the Little Circle excluding Cowdroy backed John Edward Taylor in founding the Manchester Guardian, published by law only once a week, which Taylor continued to edit until his death.
Death
John Edward Taylor is buried in the Rusholme Road Cemetery (also known as the Dissenters Burial Ground and now Gartside Gardens, in Chorlton-on-Medlock), alongside his first wife Sophia Russell Scott.
Legacy
His younger son, also John Edward Taylor (though usually known as Edward) (1830–1905) became a co-owner of the Manchester Guardian in 1852 and sole owner four years later. He was also editor of the paper from 1861 to 1872. He bought the Manchester Evening News from its founder Mitchell Henry in 1868 and was owner, then co-owner, until his death. He had no children; after his death the Evening News passed into the hands of his nephews in the Allen family, while the Guardian was sold to its editor, his cousin C. P. Scott.
At least two grandsons, Charles Peter Allen and Arthur Acland Allen, became MPs.
References
Lee, Sidney, ed. (1898). "Taylor, John Edward" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 55. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
^ Schofield, Jonathan (July 2009). Manchester Then and Now: A Photographic Guide to Manchester Past and Present. Pavilion Books. ISBN 978-1-906388-36-2.
^ Viner, Katharine (28 March 2023). "How our founders' links to slavery change the Guardian today". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
^ Rusbridger, Alan (27 May 2021), "Two Centuries of 'The Guardian'", The New York Review of Books, vol. LXVIII, no. 9, pp. 30–32 (p. 31).
^ Head, Geoffrey. "Before the Welfare State". Cross Street Chapel. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
^ Manchester Gazette, 7 August 1819, quoted in David Ayerst, The Guardian, 1971, p. 20.
^ Harrison, Stanley (1974), Poor Men's Guardians, p. 53.
^ "Hooliganism In A Cemetery", The Manchester Guardian, 14 May 1947.
External links
Media offices
Preceded byJeremiah Garnett
Editor of The Manchester Guardian 1861 - 1872
Succeeded byC. P. Scott
vteGuardian Media GroupSubsidiaries anddivisionsNewspapers
The Guardian
The Guardian Weekly
The Observer
Other
Guardian.com
Guardian Australia
Guardian New Zealand
Guardian US
Joint ventures andshareholdings
Ascential (50%)
Development Hell (29.5%)
Seven Publishing (41.9%)
Former holdings
GMG Radio
Trader Media Group
Other
C. P. Scott
Guardian Student Media Award
Scott Trust
John Edward Taylor
Category
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
United States
People
Trove
Other
SNAC
|
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John Edward was educated at his father's school and at Daventry Academy. He was apprenticed to a cotton manufacturer in Manchester and later became a successful merchant; Taylor \"derived much of his wealth from Manchester’s cotton industry, an industry that relied on firms such as Taylor’s trading with cotton plantations in the Americas that had enslaved millions of Black people\".[2]His children by his first wife and first cousin[3] Sophia Russell Taylor (née Scott) included a son named after himself and a daughter, Harriet Ann Taylor, who in 1867 married the economist and logician Stanley Jevons.","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Liberals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)"},{"link_name":"Manchester","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester"},{"link_name":"Little Circle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Circle"},{"link_name":"Joseph Brotherton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brotherton"},{"link_name":"Archibald Prentice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Prentice"},{"link_name":"Manchester Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Times"},{"link_name":"John Shuttleworth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Shuttleworth_(industrialist)"},{"link_name":"Absalom Watkin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absalom_Watkin"},{"link_name":"anti corn law campaigner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti_Corn_Law_League"},{"link_name":"Manchester Gazette","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Gazette"},{"link_name":"Thomas Potter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Potter_(Mayor_of_Manchester)"},{"link_name":"first mayor of Manchester","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Manchester"},{"link_name":"Richard Potter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Potter_(British_politician)"},{"link_name":"MP for Wigan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigan_(UK_Parliament_constituency)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"rotten boroughs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten_boroughs"},{"link_name":"Birmingham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham"},{"link_name":"Leeds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds"},{"link_name":"Salford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford,_Greater_Manchester"},{"link_name":"Reform Act 1832","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_Act_1832"}],"text":"A moderate supporter of reform, from 1815 Taylor was a member of a group of Nonconformist Liberals, meeting in the Manchester home of John Potter, termed the Little Circle. Other members of the group included: Joseph Brotherton (preacher); Archibald Prentice (later editor of the Manchester Times); John Shuttleworth (industrialist and municipal reformer); Absalom Watkin (parliamentary reformer and anti corn law campaigner); William Cowdray Jnr (editor of the Manchester Gazette); Thomas Potter (later first mayor of Manchester) and Richard Potter (later MP for Wigan).[4]After the death of John Potter, the Potter brothers formed a second Little Circle group, to begin a campaign for parliamentary reform. This called for the better proportional representation in the Houses of Parliament from the rotten boroughs towards the fast-growing industrialised towns of Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester and Salford. After the petition raised on behalf of the group by Absalom Watkin, Parliament passed the Reform Act 1832.","title":"Membership of the Little Circle"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Peterloo massacre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterloo_massacre"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Manchester Observer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Observer"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Taylor witnessed the Peterloo massacre in 1819, but was unimpressed by its leaders, writing:[5]They have appealed not to the reason but to the passions and the suffering of their abused and credulous fellow-countrymen, from whose ill-requited industry they extort for themselves the means of a plentiful and comfortable existenceHowever, the radical press in Manchester, particularly Manchester Observer supported the protests, and it was not until the Observer was closed by successive police prosecutions that the road was clear for a newspaper closer to Taylor's liberal-minded mill-owning friends.[6]In 1821, the members of the Little Circle excluding Cowdroy backed John Edward Taylor in founding the Manchester Guardian, published by law only once a week, which Taylor continued to edit until his death.","title":"Manchester Guardian"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chorlton-on-Medlock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorlton-on-Medlock"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"John Edward Taylor is buried in the Rusholme Road Cemetery (also known as the Dissenters Burial Ground and now Gartside Gardens, in Chorlton-on-Medlock), alongside his first wife Sophia Russell Scott.[7]","title":"Death"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Manchester Evening News","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News"},{"link_name":"C. 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|
[]
| null |
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|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralarinia
|
Paralarinia
|
["1 Species","2 References"]
|
Genus of spiders
Paralarinia
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Subphylum:
Chelicerata
Class:
Arachnida
Order:
Araneae
Infraorder:
Araneomorphae
Family:
Araneidae
Genus:
ParalariniaGrasshoff, 1970
Type species
P. denisi(Lessert, 1938)
Species
4, see text
Paralarinia is a genus of African orb-weaver spiders first described by M. Grasshoff in 1970.
Species
As of April 2019 it contains four species:
Paralarinia agnata Grasshoff, 1970 – Congo
Paralarinia bartelsi (Lessert, 1933) – South Africa
Paralarinia denisi (Lessert, 1938) – Congo
Paralarinia incerta (Tullgren, 1910) – Central, East Africa
References
^ a b "Gen. Paralarinia Grasshoff, 1970". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
^ Grasshoff, M. (1970). "Die Tribus Mangorini. II. Die neuen Gattungen Siwa, Paralarinia, Faradja, Mahembea und Lariniaria (Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae-Araneinae)". Senckenbergiana Biologica. 51: 409–423.
Taxon identifiersParalarinia
Wikidata: Q3009052
ADW: Paralarinia
BioLib: 467662
BOLD: 836582
CoL: 6F5S
EoL: 112840
GBIF: 2159711
iNaturalist: 418985
IRMNG: 1286384
ITIS: 849050
NCBI: 2337988
Open Tree of Life: 3571033
uBio: 4982364
WSC: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01535
This Araneidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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|
[]
| null |
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|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniac_(miniseries)
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Maniac (miniseries)
|
["1 Premise","2 Languages","3 Cast and characters","3.1 Main","3.2 Recurring","3.3 Guest","4 Episodes","5 Production","5.1 Development","5.2 Casting","5.3 Filming","5.4 Music","6 Release","7 Reception","7.1 Critical response","7.2 Awards and nominations","8 References","9 External links"]
|
American psychological black comedy-drama television miniseries
ManiacGenre
Black comedy
Psychological drama
Science fiction
Surrealism
Created byPatrick SomervilleBased onManiacby Espen PA LervaagHåakon Bast MossigeKjetil IndregardOle Marius AraldsenDeveloped by
Cary Joji Fukunaga
Patrick Somerville
Directed byCary Joji FukunagaStarring
Emma Stone
Jonah Hill
Justin Theroux
Sonoya Mizuno
Gabriel Byrne
Sally Field
ComposerDan RomerCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of episodes10ProductionExecutive producers
Patrick Somerville
Cary Joji Fukunaga
Michael Sugar
Doug Wald
Jonah Hill
Emma Stone
Pal Kristiansen
Anne Kolbjørnsen
Espen Huseby
Producers
Carol Cuddy
Jessica Levin
Jon Mallard
CinematographyDarren LewEditors
Tim Streeto
Pete Beaudreau
Camera setupSingle-cameraRunning time26–47 minutesProduction companies
Parliament of Owls
Rubicon TV
Anonymous Content
Paramount Television
Original releaseNetworkNetflixReleaseSeptember 21, 2018 (2018-09-21)
Maniac is an American black psychological comedy drama television miniseries that premiered on Netflix on September 21, 2018, after being announced in 2016. Patrick Somerville created the series and Cary Joji Fukunaga directed, basing it very loosely on the 2015 Norwegian television series of the same name (starring co-creator Espen PA Lervaag) while drawing inspiration from many more famous films. The 10-episode series stars Emma Stone, Jonah Hill, Justin Theroux, Sonoya Mizuno, Gabriel Byrne, and Sally Field. The plot follows two strangers who connect during a mind-bending pharmaceutical trial set in a retro-future New York City.
The series received positive reviews from critics upon release, with many praising its visuals, direction, and acting, particularly the performances of Stone and Hill. The series received multiple accolades, including nominations for Stone's performance—both at the 23rd Satellite Awards and the 25th Screen Actors Guild Awards—and for the series's overall writing—at the 71st Writers Guild of America Awards.
Premise
Maniac follows Annie Landsberg and Owen Milgrim (see also Milgram experiments), two strangers who connect during a risky, psychologically intense, twelve-person, mind-bending pharmaceutical trial conducted by Neberdine Pharmaceutical Biotech (NPB). The experiment, originally overseen by Dr. Robert Muramoto and Dr. Azumi Fujita, later falls under the purview of the study's original designer, the eccentric Dr. James K. Mantleray. Together, Annie and Owen go on a mind-bending odyssey through various hallucinatory worlds.
Languages
In addition to English, the original voicework features spoken Japanese and Icelandic, and (to a lesser extent) French. Netflix offers at least five different dubbings and five different subtitle options in different languages.
Cast and characters
Main
Emma Stone as Annie Landsberg, a woman with borderline personality disorder who dwells unhealthily on her relationships. Stone also portrays Landsberg's alternate forms: Linda Marino, Arlie Kane, Annia, and Ruth in the B and C pill-induced fantasies.
Jonah Hill as Owen Milgrim, the son of a wealthy family who potentially has schizophrenia. Having decided to make his way without his family's assistance, Milgrim struggles to hold a job and provide for himself. Hill also portrays Milgrim's alternate representations: Bruce Marino, Oliver "Ollie" Hightower, and Snorri in the B and C pill-induced fantasies.
Justin Theroux as Dr. James K. Mantleray, a scientist working on the Neberdine Pharmaceutical Biotech (NPB) experiment. Previously removed from the experiment's team, Mantleray is brought back on following the death of Dr. Robert Muramoto.
Sonoya Mizuno as Dr. Azumi Fujita, a scientist who runs the NPB experiment. She feels immense pressure to provide results from the experiment to her superiors.
Gabriel Byrne as Porter Milgrim, a wealthy industrialist and father of Owen and his siblings.
Sally Field as Dr. Greta Mantleray, a famous therapist and the mother of Dr. James K. Mantleray. Field also portrays Lady Neberdine and Queen Gertrude in the B and C pill-induced dreams respectively, and provides the voice and embodiment of GRTA, a smart computer used in the NPB experiment that has a deep emotional relationship with Dr. Muramoto and reacts strongly to his death.
Recurring
Kathleen Choe as Soo, test subject #3 in the NPB Phase III experiment
Danny Hoch as Alexander, test subject #5
Stephen Hill as D'Nail, test subject #7
Allyce Beasley as Amelia, test subject #11
James Monroe Iglehart as Carl, an orderly at NPB
Dai Ishiguro as Head Control Tech, an NPB employee
Sejal Shah as First Medical Tech, an NPB employee
Billy Magnussen as Jed Milgrim, one of Owen's brothers. Magnussen also portrays Grimsson, a man whom Owen hallucinates.
Julia Garner as Ellie Landsberg, Annie's deceased younger sister
Nate Craig as Phil
Jemima Kirke as Adelaide, Jed's fiancée whom Owen has feelings for.
Jesse Magnussen
Alexandra Curran as Holly Milgrim
Rome Kanda as Dr. Robert Muramoto, a colleague of Dr. Fujita.
Aaralyn Anderson as Belle Milgrim / Danielle Marino / Australia
Hannah and Cailin Loesch as the Ladies of Arquesta, who first appear as guests at the Full Moon Séance. They also portray two of the McMurphies.
Trudie Styler as Angelica Milgrim, Owen's mother and Porter's wife.
Christian DeMarais as Mike Milgrim, one of Owen's brothers.
Geoffrey Cantor as Frank, the Milgrim family's lawyer that is representing Jed.
Josh Pais as Andy
Ariel Kavoussi as Audra, an AdBuddy employee that Annie considers signing up with. Kavoussi also portrays Bianca Forsythe and provides the voice of Dragonfly.
Grace Van Patten as Olivia Meadows, Owen's former crush whom he yelled at while experiencing his first BLIP (brief and limited psychosis) in college.
Lev Gorn as Sokolov
Hank Azaria as Hank Landsberg, Annie's father
Selenis Leyva as Patricia Lugo, the intake director at Neberdine Pharmaceutical and Biotech whom Annie blackmails into getting into NBD's drug study.
Leo Fitzpatrick as Lance, a smuggler of exotic wildlife for use in clothing and one of Sebastian's two sons.
Jojo Gonzalez as Agent Lopez, a New York Fish and Wildlife officer searching for a ring-tailed lemur taken from the nursing home that Linda works at.
Maxine Prescott as Mrs. Finklestein, an elderly woman that lives in Owen's apartment building. Prescott also portrays Harriet, a resident of the old folks home that Linda works at.
Joseph Sikora as JC, a smuggler of exotic wildlife for use in clothing and one of Sebastian's two sons.
David Fierro as Bobby, Olliver Hightower's driver. Fierro also portrays an AdBuddy employee that Owen hires.
Glenn Wein as Lord Jopling, a guest at the Full Moon Séance. Wein also portrays an AdBuddy employee with halitosis that Owen hires.
Jonathan Rentler as Greg Nazlund, a truck driver who crashed into Annie's car five years ago, killing her sister Ellie. Rentler also portrays a ranger that Annia encounters.
Guest
Marcus Toji as Calvin Muramoto (episode: "Windmills"), Dr. Robert Muramoto's son and also Annie's drug dealer that initially supplies her with NPB's "A" pills, to which she is addicted. She goes to him for more and, after informing her that he is all out, suggests that she sign up for one of NPB's drug studies.
Glenn Fleshler as Sebastian (episode: "Furs by Sebastian"), the owner of a fur shop, Furs by Sebastian, that is creating clothing out of exotic animals. Linda and Bruce attempt to take back a ring-tailed lemur that he had stolen from them.
Jennifer Ikeda as Therapist (episode: "Option C"), Owen's therapist at the Horton Psychiatric Facility where he is sent after condemning his brother in court.
Ben Sinclair as “friend” (episode: “Option C”), Annie's friend proxy for Owen before visiting him in the asylum.
Episodes
Maniac features 10 episodes, each running between 26–47 minutes. All episodes to the miniseries were released simultaneously on September 21, 2018.
No.TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date1"The Chosen One!"Cary Joji FukunagaPatrick SomervilleSeptember 21, 2018 (2018-09-21)
In an alternate reality New York City, where advertising is omnipresent, Owen Milgrim is a man suffering from schizophrenia, but hiding his symptoms from his family, including seeing an imaginary brother named Grimsson (who resembles his brother Jed with a moustache) who keeps reminding him that he is on a mission of some kind. His family runs a successful industrial business and are protecting Jed from accusations of sexual misconduct, something Owen plans on defending him from by providing a false alibi. Eventually, Owen is laid off from his job and refuses his father's offer of working with his company and accepting his money. He hears about Neberdine, a pharmaceutical company, and signs on to test their new drug which can supposedly cure all disorders. While there, he meets the anti-social Annie Landsberg, who Grimsson explains is the agent he needs to see. When he speaks to her, Annie keeps him from getting them both in trouble by "confirming" her association to him, but tells him not to "blow cover". Owen complies as he prepares for the tests.
2"Windmills"Cary Joji FukunagaPatrick SomervilleSeptember 21, 2018 (2018-09-21)
In a flashback, Annie smokes in her apartment by herself, crushing up one of NPB's "A" pills while cursing "This is it, this is the last one." Upon waking from her sober dream, Annie gathers her possession, a photo of a young woman, and reveals she will be going to Salt Lake City in a conversation with an AdBuddy, a person who reads off advertisements to a person in exchange for goods. With her last $20, Annie visits her father who now resides in an A-Void pod, and informs him that she will be going to Salt Lake City, leaving with all his cash and a revolver. Suffering from drug withdrawal and unable to get more from her contact, Annie visits a "DOX STOP", which is an agency that advertises to scrub personal records for a fee and blackmails these "scrubbed" personal records for a fee. Annie decides to pay for Patricia Lugo's (an NPB employee) personal information and intercept her latest appointment as her friend proxy. Even though Annie fails to maintain her act, Patricia decides to help her. When Patricia is unable to help her get in, however, Annie threatens her until Patricia takes another subject's badge and gives it to Annie. At the drug trial, after taking the "A" pill, Annie relives the traumatic death of her sister Ellie in a car accident.
3"Having a Day"Cary Joji FukunagaPatrick Somerville & Caroline WilliamsSeptember 21, 2018 (2018-09-21)
Annie, Owen, and test subject 5 are removed from the group for questioning after the "A" pill test. Annie's results showed prior experience with the pills, and Owen's indicated he did not take the pill at all. Outside project director Dr. Muramoto's office, Owen confides to Annie that he refrained in case she needed to activate him, and Annie confesses that she lied about being his contact. Muramoto has Owen recount his core trauma during the session. Insisting he ingested a pill, Owen describes a family gathering that led to his attempted suicide. Muramoto disbelieves Owen and forces him to take an "A" pill. Later while questioning Annie, Muramoto falls forward and dies abruptly. Fearing dismissal, Annie and Owen remove negative indicators from their files and leave Muramoto at his desk. Owen tells Annie his actual trauma experience: a "BLIP" (psychotic break) and meeting Grimsson for the first time. After Muramoto is found dead, Dr. Fujita reenlists Dr. James Mantleray to lead the project. Mantleray created the drug but was removed due to personal issues. Mantleray informs GRTA, the super computer controlling the experiment, that Muramoto has died, and GRTA's reaction causes a hardware malfunction that links Annie and Owen during the next phase of "B" pill testing.
4"Furs by Sebastian"Cary Joji FukunagaPatrick Somerville & Nick CuseSeptember 21, 2018 (2018-09-21)
Annie and Owen have a shared fantasy that they are a married couple, Linda and Bruce. Linda works at a hospice and enlists Bruce's aid in tracking down Wendy, a ring-tailed lemur belonging to one of her patients, Nan. Wendy was stolen by furriers to make into a hat. Linda and Bruce are caught by the furrier and his sons who plan to make them watch them skin Wendy. The Fish and Wildlife Service arrive and get into a shootout with the furrier and his sons while Bruce and Lin escape with Wendy. Lin delivers Wendy to Nan's estranged daughter, Paula Nazlund, as instructed. Lin realizes that she gave Paula the lemur out of hate rather than love as Nan loved Wendy more than Paula. Paula informs Lin she is pregnant with a son she will call "Greg 'Fuck U Nan' Nazlund", the name of the man driving the truck that hit Annie and her sister, killing Ellie and causing Annie to blame herself. Returning home, Lin recounts a memory of her and her sister that is actually from Annie's life. At home Bruce is arrested by Fish and Wildlife, claiming he is solely responsible for stealing Wendy. He sees Grimsson watching from the street.
5"Exactly Like You"Cary Joji FukunagaCaroline Williams & Mauricio KatzSeptember 21, 2018 (2018-09-21)
Under the influence of the "B" pill, Annie and Owen then transition into a shared fantasy where they are Arlie and Ollie, two con artist magicians in the 1940s invited to a séance at an exclusive house party. They have an ulterior motive: to find the long lost 53rd chapter of Cervantes' Don Quixote, believed to possess the power to hold people in their fantasies for an eternity. The séance, led by a humanized GRTA computer, provides a distraction for the two to search the house. All the while, Arlie's character has been randomly "zapping" out of the fantasy and into the NPB lab, where she sees visions of the real Annie's past. Back at the NPB lab, Azumi begins to notice the inconsistencies between subjects 1 and 9, realizing their unusual connection under the influence of the drugs. Annie is subsequently taken into questioning by James about her experiences with the "B" pill to see if she should continue her participation in the trial, while Owen and the rest of the subjects wake up from their tests.
6"Larger Structural Issues"Cary Joji FukunagaPatrick Somerville & Nick CuseSeptember 21, 2018 (2018-09-21)
Annie realizes that her experiences with Owen on the "B" pill are unique, causing her to feel close to him. Owen, however, worries that being connected to Annie in his dreams is a symptom of his schizophrenia, causing him to doubt the study. Azumi fears that Annie and Owen's connection is being caused by the GRTA computer and reveals to James that GRTA is depressed because, after Azumi coded her with basic empathy, GRTA began a workplace romance with Dr. Muramoto and is now in grief over his death. At the behest of Azumi and GRTA, James reluctantly calls in his mother, pop psychologist Dr. Greta Mantleray, with whom he has a contentious and difficult relationship, so that she can treat GRTA, whose intelligence and virtual appearance are modeled after Greta. The subjects are given the "C" pill and begin the final phase of the trial.
7"Ceci N'est Pas Une Drill"Cary Joji FukunagaAmelia Gray & Danielle HendersonSeptember 21, 2018 (2018-09-21)
Annie dreams she is in a fantasy epic with her sister where she is a hard-drinking half-elf ranger called Annia and her sister is an elf princess named Ellia. Annia is being paid by a dying Ellia to take her to the Lake of the Clouds where the waters are rumored to cure her. Along the way they are taken to a mysterious queen who allows Annia to look in a mirror, where she sees an image of her and Ellie when they are children. Annie remembers who she is in the real world and tearfully hugs Ellia. Meanwhile, Owen dreams that he and his family are mobsters and that he is being forced to wear a wire by the police. He meets Olivia, a fellow student who also works as a waitress and a virtual version of the girl he suffered the BLIP towards, and agrees to study with her later.
8"The Lake of the Clouds"Cary Joji FukunagaMauricio Katz & Nick CuseSeptember 21, 2018 (2018-09-21)
Annie is still trapped in the fantasy sequence, though now she realizes the world is a dream. She and Ellia continue their quest to find the Lake of Clouds. Ellia begins to remember things from Annie and Ellie's past as well. Owen the mobster accidentally discovers that his brother, Jed, has been working undercover for the police, but Jed is killed, leading Owen to go into witness protection. He asks Olivia to come with him, but seven children later he leaves her by jumping out a window. Remembering who he is and remembering Annie, he transforms into a hawk and travels into Annie's fantasy realm. Annia and Ellia arrive at the Lake of Clouds, which is actually the place where Ellie was killed. GRTA as Queen Gertrude arrives and offers to let Annie stay forever. Annie accepts believing that she will be able to stay with Ellie but is instead spirited away from her. Greta meanwhile learns from GRTA that she has lost faith in the value of human life after her love died and plans on keeping the subjects prisoners in their own minds, before Greta violently wakes up.
9"Utangatta"Cary Joji FukunagaPatrick SomervilleSeptember 21, 2018 (2018-09-21)
Greta tries to warn James and Azumi of the threat GRTA poses, but they do not believe her and the stress makes James go blind, which they believe to be psychosomatic. Soon after, GRTA takes control by taking over the system, locking the staff in the control room and electrocuting orderly Carl when he tries to pull the override switch. Meanwhile, Owen and Annie are in a new shared dream, where Owen is Snorri, an Icelandic UN agent accused of murdering a seemingly friendly Extraterrestrial whose family wants revenge. Before he is executed, he is saved by Annie, a CIA sleeper agent who reveals the alien was always hostile. As they go to stop the threat, they encounter Grimsson, who helps them remember who they are. Owen goes with Grimsson while Annie goes on her own to find Ellie. On the way, she meets GRTA's projection, who she convinces to live with her pain instead of lashing out. In doing so, she is able to say goodbye to Ellie, who leaves with GRTA. Owen completes his mission by solving a Rubik's Cube, which frees the controllers in the real world. This makes Grimsson disappear, seemingly for good, and allows Azumi and James, whose eyesight comes back, to shut GRTA down permanently.
10"Option C"Cary Joji FukunagaPatrick Somerville & Cary Joji FukunagaSeptember 21, 2018 (2018-09-21)
After the subjects wake up, the experiment ends and they are allowed to go home with their payment. As they say goodbye, Owen assures a confused Annie that he will not pursue a relationship with her. For the mistakes they have made, James and Azumi are fired from Neberdine and told off by both Greta and Neberdine's CEO. While leaving, they rekindle their former relationship. Annie decides to go to Salt Lake City and makes amends with her father, who has decided to leave the A-Void pod. Realizing how fond she has become of him, she decides to invite Owen along. However, she learns from a newspaper that he told the truth at Jed's trial and has been subsequently committed to a mental asylum. Owen can only see two options for their relationship: Option A, in which Annie will turn out to not be real, and Option B, which he does not elaborate on. Annie sneaks into the asylum, finds him, and smuggles him out of the institution. Owen is convinced the treatment did not work and is certain that he will have another BLIP and cause her to leave (Option B). Annie tells him she will never do that, and they head to Salt Lake together.
Production
The IBM logo, which was the inspiration for the Maniac logo as well as the fictional Neberdine Pharmaceutical Biotech company.
Development
The series was officially announced in March 2016, with Netflix ordering the production straight-to-series that same month. On March 18, 2016, it was announced that Paramount Television and Anonymous Content were producing a television series to be directed by Cary Joji Fukunaga. The half-hour dark comedy series was reported to be executive produced by Fukunaga, Emma Stone, Jonah Hill, Michael Sugar, and Doug Wald. Ashley Zalta was also announced as a co-executive producer. At the time, the series was being shopped to various networks and was searching for a writer. Less than a week later, it was announced that Netflix was finalizing a deal for a straight-to-series order for a first season consisting of ten episodes. On October 21, 2016, it was announced that Patrick Somerville would write the series. On July 29, 2018, it was announced during the annual Television Critics Association's summer press tour that the series would premiere on September 21, 2018.
Casting
Alongside the initial series announcement, it was reported that Emma Stone and Jonah Hill were finalizing deals to star in the series. In August 2017, it was announced that Sonoya Mizuno had been cast as a series regular and that Justin Theroux and Julia Garner would appear in a recurring capacity. On September 13, 2017, it was reported that Jemima Kirke had been cast in a recurring role. On October 5, 2017, it was announced that Sally Field had joined the cast in a recurring role. On February 23, 2018, it was reported Billy Magnussen had been cast in the series.
Filming
Principal photography for the series began on August 15, 2017, in New York City and was expected to conclude by the end of November 2017.
Music
Dan Romer composed the soundtrack to Maniac with collection of orchestral and electronic musical pieces. The soundtrack was released on a double LP by Waxwork Records on January 10, 2020.
Release
Cary Joji Fukunaga (director), Emma Stone (lead actress), Patrick Somerville (creator), and Justin Theroux (actor) at the premiere of Maniac in London
On September 13, 2018, the series held its world premiere at the Southbank Centre in London, England. On September 20, 2018, the series held its American premiere at Center 415 in Manhattan, New York.
Reception
Critical response
The series was met with a positive response from critics. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an 85% approval rating, with an average rating of 7.6 out of 10 based on 104 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Maniac enthralls with its dazzling visuals, adventurous narrative, and striking performances from both Emma Stone and Jonah Hill." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the series a score of 76 out of 100 based on 24 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
In a positive review, Variety's Daniel D'Addario commended the series saying, "The beautifully made Maniac plunges viewers into a fictional world that's both divergent from our own and instantly recognizable—and then reinvents itself several times over, skittering across time, space and genre to tell a story of connection that feels urgent and deeply, painfully human...As a trial of something new, Maniac passes every test, and ascends instantly to take its place among the very best TV of the year." In another favorable assessment, The Washington Post's Hank Stuever described the series as "oddly mesmerizing" and offered it qualified praise saying, "Maniac starts off too absorbed in its own complicated structure, but once Owen and Annie are strapped in at the lab (and experience an accidental melding of their subconscious states), the show becomes a visually compelling romp through highly detailed dreams and personal discoveries." Describing it as "exhilarating to watch and a lot to process", Vulture's Jen Chaney called the series "one of the fall season's best".
In a more negative critique, Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly awarded the series a grade of "C−", saying, "For all its manic poses and deflationary snark, it's ultimately patronizingly sentimental. Maniac asks big questions about reality, and then settles for the limpest possible cinematic representations of that reality."
Awards and nominations
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
Art Directors Guild Awards
Excellence in Production Design for a Television Movie or Limited Series
Alex Digerlando
Nominated
Directors Guild of America Awards
Outstanding Directorial Achievement in
Movies for Television and Limited Series
Cary Joji Fukunaga
Nominated
Golden Reel Awards
Broadcast Media: Short Form Music / Musical
Episode 2: "Windmills"
Nominated
Producers Guild of America Awards
Outstanding Producer of Limited Series Television
Patrick Somerville, Cary Joji Fukunaga, Michael Sugar, Doug Wald, Jonah Hill, Emma Stone, Pal Kristiansen, Anne Kolbjørnsen, Espen Huseby, Carol Cuddy, Mauricio Katz, Caroline Williams, Ashley Zalta, Jessica Levin & Jon Mallard
Nominated
Satellite Awards
Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film
Emma Stone
Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie
Emma Stone
Nominated
Writers Guild of America Awards
Television: Long Form – Adapted
Nick Cuse, Cary Joji Fukunaga, Amelia Gray, Danielle Henderson,Mauricio Katz, Patrick Somerville & Caroline Williams
Nominated
References
^ Kelly, Hillary (September 21, 2018). "Maniac Premiere Recap: The Intake Process". Vulture. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
^ Patterson, Troy (September 21, 2018). "The Design of "Maniac" Offers an Uncanny Imitation of Life". The New Yorker. Retrieved November 4, 2021.
^ a b Andreeva, Nellie (March 18, 2016). "Emma Stone & Jonah Hill To Star & Cary Fukunaga To Direct 'Maniac' Dark Comedy Series For Paramount TV & Anonymous". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
^ Wagmeister, Elizabeth (March 24, 2016). "Netflix Lands Emma Stone, Jonah Hill, Cary Fukunaga Series 'Maniac'". Variety. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
^ Andreeva, Nellie (March 24, 2016). "Netflix Lands Emma Stone, Jonah Hill & Cary Fukunaga Paramount TV/Anonymous Comedy With Series Order". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
^ Andreeva, Nellie (October 21, 2016). "Netflix Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Series 'Maniac' From Cary Fukunaga Finds Writer". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
^ Ramos, Dino-Ray (July 29, 2018). "'Maniac': Netflix Sets Premiere Date, Releases Teaser For Emma Stone & Jonah Hill Dark Comedy – TCA". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
^ Andreeva, Nellie (August 17, 2017). "Justin Theroux To Co-Star In Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series 'Maniac' At Par TV". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
^ Petski, Denise (August 22, 2017). "'Maniac': Sonoya Mizuno Cast As Regular & Julia Garner To Recur In Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
^ Stanhope, Kate (August 17, 2017). "Justin Theroux Joins Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series 'Maniac'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
^ Roots, Kimberly (August 17, 2017). "Justin Theroux Joins Maniac Netflix Comedy With Emma Stone, Jonah Hill". TVLine. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
^ Otterson, Joe (August 17, 2017). "Justin Theroux to Guest Star on Emma Stone, Jonah Hill Netflix Series 'Maniac'". Variety. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
^ Petski, Denise (September 13, 2017). "'Maniac': Jemima Kirke Set To Recur In Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
^ Andreeva, Nellie (October 5, 2017). "'Maniac': Sally Field Joins Cast Of Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
^ Sandberg, Bryn Elise (October 5, 2017). "Sally Field Cast in Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
^ Boone, John (February 23, 2018). "Billy Magnussen Is on Fire and He's Only Getting Hotter (Exclusive)". Entertainment Tonight. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
^ Andreeva, Nellie (February 1, 2017). "Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Series 'Maniac' For Netflix & Paramount TV Gets Production Start Date With Cary Fukunaga Directing". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
^ Diaz, Eric (January 10, 2020). "Dan Romer's MANIAC Score Released On Deluxe Vinyl". Nerdist. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
^ Arthur, Andrew (September 13, 2018). "Emma Stone and Justin Theroux appear at Maniac world premiere in London". Irish Independent. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
^ "Inside the New York Premiere of Maniac". Town & Country. September 21, 2018. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
^ "Maniac". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
^ "Maniac". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved December 23, 2018.
^ D'Addario, Daniel (September 13, 2018). "TV Review: 'Maniac' With Emma Stone and Jonah Hill". Variety. Retrieved September 15, 2018.
^ Stuever, Hank (September 13, 2018). "10 new shows to check out this fall, including 'Murphy Brown,' 'Camping' and 'Forever'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2018.
^ Chaney, Jen (September 19, 2018). "Maniac Is a Hell of a Drug". Vulture. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
^ Franich, Darren (September 13, 2018). "Netflix's dreamy Maniac miniseries fails in every reality: EW review". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 15, 2018.
^ Giardina, Carolyn (February 2, 2019). "Art Directors Guild Awards: 'Favourite,' 'Black Panther,' 'Crazy Rich Asians' Among Winners". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 3, 2019.
^ Handel, Jonathan (February 2, 2019). "'Roma's' Alfonso Cuaron Takes Top Honor at DGA Awards". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 3, 2019.
^ Pedersen, Erik (January 18, 2019). "Motion Picture Sound Editors Reveal 2019 Golden Reel Nominations". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
^ McNary, Dave (January 20, 2019). "PGA Awards: 'Green Book' Wins Top Feature Film Award". Variety. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
^ Peterson, Karen M. (November 29, 2018). "International Press Academy Announces Nominees for 23rd Annual Satellite Awards". Awards Circuit. Archived from the original on December 2, 2018. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
^ St. Clair, Matt (January 4, 2019). "'A Star Is Born,' 'Roma,' and 'Beale Street' Win Big at the Satellite Awards". Awards Circuit. Archived from the original on January 6, 2019. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
^ Nordyke, Kimberly (January 27, 2019). "SAG Awards: 'Black Panther' Nabs Top Film Prize; Rami Malek, Glenn Close Among Winners". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
^ Hipes, Patrick (December 6, 2018). "WGA Awards TV Nominations: 'The Handmaid's Tale', 'Barry', 'SNL' Make List". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
External links
Official website
Maniac at IMDb
Maniac at Rotten Tomatoes
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Beasts of No Nation (2015)
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Maniac (2018)
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Bill Nye Saves the World (2017–2018)
Buddy Thunderstruck (2017)
Cable Girls (2017–2020)
Castlevania (2017–2021)
Damnation (2017–2018)
Dark (2017–2020)
Dear White People (2017–2021)
Disjointed (2017–2018)
El Chapo (2017–2018)
Five Came Back (2017)
Free Rein (2017–2019)
Friends from College (2017–2019)
Girlboss (2017)
GLOW (2017–2019)
Godless (2017)
Greenhouse Academy (2017–2020)
Gypsy (2017)
Hot Girls Wanted: Turned On (2017)
Iron Fist (2017–2018)
Ingobernable
Jack Whitehall: Travels with My Father (2017–2021)
Julie's Greenroom (2017)
Legend Quest (2017–2019)
Mindhunter (2017–2019)
My Only Love Song (2017)
Neo Yokio (2017–2018)
One Day at a Time (2017–2019)
Ozark (2017–2022)
Santa Clarita Diet (2017–2019)
She's Gotta Have It (2017–2019)
Shot in the Dark (2017)
Spirit Riding Free (2017–2020)
Stretch Armstrong and the Flex Fighters (2017–2018)
Suburra: Blood on Rome (2017–2020)
The Confession Tapes (2017–2019)
The Day I Met El Chapo (2017)
The Defenders (2017)
The End of the F***ing World (2017–2019)
The Keepers (2017)
The Kindness Diaries (2017)
The Magic School Bus Rides Again (2017–2020)
The Many Faces of Ito (2017)
The Worst Witch (2017–2020)
The Punisher (2017–2019)
The Toys That Made Us (2017–2019)
Tarzan and Jane (2017–2018)
Terrace House: Opening New Doors (2017–2019)
Ultimate Beastmaster (2017–2018)
VeggieTales in the City (2017)
We're Lalaloopsy (2017)
Wet Hot American Summer: Ten Years Later (2017)
Wormwood (2017)
First released 2018
1983 (2018)
3Below: Tales of Arcadia (2018–2019)
7 Days Out (2018)
72 Dangerous Animals: Asia (2018)
A Little Help with Carol Burnett (2018)
A Taiwanese Tale of Two Cities (2018–2019)
A.I.C.O. -Incarnation- (2018)
Afflicted (2018)
Aggretsuko (2018–2023)
Alexa & Katie (2018–2020)
All About the Washingtons (2018)
Altered Carbon (2018–2020)
Amazing Interiors (2018)
Baby (2018–2020)
Barbie Dreamhouse Adventures (2018–2020)
Battlefish (2018)
Best.Worst.Weekend.Ever. (2018)
Bobby Kennedy for President (2018)
Brainchild (2018)
Bumping Mics with Jeff Ross & Dave Attell (2018)
Busted! (2018–2021)
Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (2018–2020)
Collateral (2018)
Cooking on High (2018)
Dancing Queen (2018)
Dark Tourist (2018)
Death by Magic (2018)
Devilman Crybaby (2018)
Diablero (2018–2020)
Dirty Money (2018–2020)
Dogs of Berlin (2018)
Everything Sucks! (2018)
Evil Genius (2018)
Fastest Car (2018–2019)
First Team: Juventus (2018)
Flint Town (2018)
Follow This (2018)
Ghoul (2018)
Girls Incarcerated (2018–2019)
Hero Mask (2018–2019)
Insatiable (2018–2019)
Kiss Me First (2018)
The Kominsky Method (2018–2021)
The Letdown (2018–2019)
Lost in Space (2018–2021)
Lost Song (2018)
Luis Miguel: The Series (2018–2021)
Maniac (2018)
Marching Orders (2018)
Motown Magic (2018–2019)
Murder Mountain (2018)
Narcos: Mexico (2018–2021)
The New Legends of Monkey (2018–2020)
Nicky Jam: El Ganador (2018)
Norm Macdonald Has a Show (2018)
On My Block (2018–2021)
Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj (2018–2020)
Prince of Peoria (2018–2019)
Requiem (2018)
Sacred Games (2018–2019)
Safe (2018)
Salt Fat Acid Heat (2018)
Samantha! (2018–2019)
Selection Day (2018)
Seven Seconds (2018)
She-Ra and the Princesses of Power (2018–2020)
Sirius the Jaeger (2018)
Spy Kids: Mission Critical (2018)
Stay Here (2018)
Super Drags (2018)
Swordgai: The Animation (2018)
The Ballad of Hugo Sánchez (2018)
The Boss Baby: Back in Business (2018–2020)
The Break with Michelle Wolf (2018)
The Curious Creations of Christine McConnell (2018)
The Final Table (2018)
The Fix (2018)
The Good Cop (2018)
The Hollow (2018–2020)
The House of Flowers (2018–2020)
The Haunting of Hill House (2018)
The Innocent Man (2018)
The Innocents (2018)
The Joel McHale Show with Joel McHale (2018)
The Mechanism (2018–2019)
Paradise PD (2018–2022)
The Ponysitters Club (2018)
The Protector (2018–2020)
The Rain (2018–2020)
The Staircase (2018)
The Who Was? Show (2018)
Tidelands (2018)
Trolls: The Beat Goes On! (2018–2019)
Troy: Fall of a City (2018)
Ugly Delicious (2018–2020)
Undercover Law (2018)
Vai Anitta (2018)
Watership Down (2018)
Westside (2018)
Wild District (2018–2019)
Wild Wild Country (2018)
YG Future Strategy Office (2018)
Current series
Original ended series (2019–present)
Continuation series
Specials
Upcoming series
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"psychological","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_fiction"},{"link_name":"comedy drama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_drama"},{"link_name":"Netflix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netflix"},{"link_name":"Patrick Somerville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Somerville"},{"link_name":"Cary Joji Fukunaga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cary_Joji_Fukunaga"},{"link_name":"Norwegian television series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniac_(Norwegian_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Espen PA Lervaag","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espen_PA_Lervaag"},{"link_name":"Emma Stone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Stone"},{"link_name":"Jonah Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonah_Hill"},{"link_name":"Justin Theroux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Theroux"},{"link_name":"Sonoya Mizuno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoya_Mizuno"},{"link_name":"Gabriel Byrne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Byrne"},{"link_name":"Sally Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Field"},{"link_name":"pharmaceutical trial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial"},{"link_name":"23rd Satellite Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd_Satellite_Awards"},{"link_name":"25th Screen Actors Guild Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25th_Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards"},{"link_name":"71st Writers Guild of America Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_Awards_2018"}],"text":"Maniac is an American black psychological comedy drama television miniseries that premiered on Netflix on September 21, 2018, after being announced in 2016. Patrick Somerville created the series and Cary Joji Fukunaga directed, basing it very loosely on the 2015 Norwegian television series of the same name (starring co-creator Espen PA Lervaag) while drawing inspiration from many more famous films. The 10-episode series stars Emma Stone, Jonah Hill, Justin Theroux, Sonoya Mizuno, Gabriel Byrne, and Sally Field. The plot follows two strangers who connect during a mind-bending pharmaceutical trial set in a retro-future New York City.The series received positive reviews from critics upon release, with many praising its visuals, direction, and acting, particularly the performances of Stone and Hill. The series received multiple accolades, including nominations for Stone's performance—both at the 23rd Satellite Awards and the 25th Screen Actors Guild Awards—and for the series's overall writing—at the 71st Writers Guild of America Awards.","title":"Maniac (miniseries)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Milgram experiments","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milgram_experiment"}],"text":"Maniac follows Annie Landsberg and Owen Milgrim (see also Milgram experiments), two strangers who connect during a risky, psychologically intense, twelve-person, mind-bending pharmaceutical trial conducted by Neberdine Pharmaceutical Biotech (NPB). The experiment, originally overseen by Dr. Robert Muramoto and Dr. Azumi Fujita, later falls under the purview of the study's original designer, the eccentric Dr. James K. Mantleray. Together, Annie and Owen go on a mind-bending odyssey through various hallucinatory worlds.","title":"Premise"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Japanese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language"},{"link_name":"Icelandic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_language"},{"link_name":"dubbings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)"},{"link_name":"subtitle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtitle"}],"text":"In addition to English, the original voicework features spoken Japanese and Icelandic, and (to a lesser extent) French. Netflix offers at least five different dubbings and five different subtitle options in different languages.","title":"Languages"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Cast and characters"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Emma Stone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Stone"},{"link_name":"borderline personality disorder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder"},{"link_name":"Jonah Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonah_Hill"},{"link_name":"schizophrenia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia"},{"link_name":"Justin Theroux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Theroux"},{"link_name":"Sonoya Mizuno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoya_Mizuno"},{"link_name":"Gabriel Byrne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Byrne"},{"link_name":"Sally Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Field"}],"sub_title":"Main","text":"Emma Stone as Annie Landsberg, a woman with borderline personality disorder who dwells unhealthily on her relationships. Stone also portrays Landsberg's alternate forms: Linda Marino, Arlie Kane, Annia, and Ruth in the B and C pill-induced fantasies.\nJonah Hill as Owen Milgrim, the son of a wealthy family who potentially has schizophrenia. Having decided to make his way without his family's assistance, Milgrim struggles to hold a job and provide for himself. Hill also portrays Milgrim's alternate representations: Bruce Marino, Oliver \"Ollie\" Hightower, and Snorri in the B and C pill-induced fantasies.\nJustin Theroux as Dr. James K. Mantleray, a scientist working on the Neberdine Pharmaceutical Biotech (NPB) experiment. Previously removed from the experiment's team, Mantleray is brought back on following the death of Dr. Robert Muramoto.\nSonoya Mizuno as Dr. Azumi Fujita, a scientist who runs the NPB experiment. She feels immense pressure to provide results from the experiment to her superiors.\nGabriel Byrne as Porter Milgrim, a wealthy industrialist and father of Owen and his siblings.\nSally Field as Dr. Greta Mantleray, a famous therapist and the mother of Dr. James K. Mantleray. Field also portrays Lady Neberdine and Queen Gertrude in the B and C pill-induced dreams respectively, and provides the voice and embodiment of GRTA, a smart computer used in the NPB experiment that has a deep emotional relationship with Dr. Muramoto and reacts strongly to his death.","title":"Cast and characters"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Danny Hoch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Hoch"},{"link_name":"Allyce Beasley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allyce_Beasley"},{"link_name":"James Monroe Iglehart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe_Iglehart"},{"link_name":"Billy Magnussen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Magnussen"},{"link_name":"Julia Garner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Garner"},{"link_name":"Jemima Kirke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemima_Kirke"},{"link_name":"Rome Kanda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_Kanda"},{"link_name":"Trudie Styler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trudie_Styler"},{"link_name":"Geoffrey Cantor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Cantor_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Josh Pais","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Pais"},{"link_name":"Grace Van Patten","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Van_Patten"},{"link_name":"Lev Gorn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Gorn"},{"link_name":"Hank Azaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Azaria"},{"link_name":"Selenis Leyva","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenis_Leyva"},{"link_name":"Leo Fitzpatrick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Fitzpatrick"},{"link_name":"Joseph Sikora","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Sikora"},{"link_name":"David Fierro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Fierro"}],"sub_title":"Recurring","text":"Kathleen Choe as Soo, test subject #3 in the NPB Phase III experiment\nDanny Hoch as Alexander, test subject #5\nStephen Hill as D'Nail, test subject #7\nAllyce Beasley as Amelia, test subject #11\nJames Monroe Iglehart as Carl, an orderly at NPB\nDai Ishiguro as Head Control Tech, an NPB employee\nSejal Shah as First Medical Tech, an NPB employee\nBilly Magnussen as Jed Milgrim, one of Owen's brothers. Magnussen also portrays Grimsson, a man whom Owen hallucinates.\nJulia Garner as Ellie Landsberg, Annie's deceased younger sister\nNate Craig as Phil\nJemima Kirke as Adelaide, Jed's fiancée whom Owen has feelings for.\nJesse Magnussen\nAlexandra Curran as Holly Milgrim\nRome Kanda as Dr. Robert Muramoto, a colleague of Dr. Fujita.\nAaralyn Anderson as Belle Milgrim / Danielle Marino / Australia\nHannah and Cailin Loesch as the Ladies of Arquesta, who first appear as guests at the Full Moon Séance. They also portray two of the McMurphies.\nTrudie Styler as Angelica Milgrim, Owen's mother and Porter's wife.\nChristian DeMarais as Mike Milgrim, one of Owen's brothers.\nGeoffrey Cantor as Frank, the Milgrim family's lawyer that is representing Jed.\nJosh Pais as Andy\nAriel Kavoussi as Audra, an AdBuddy employee that Annie considers signing up with. Kavoussi also portrays Bianca Forsythe and provides the voice of Dragonfly.\nGrace Van Patten as Olivia Meadows, Owen's former crush whom he yelled at while experiencing his first BLIP (brief and limited psychosis) in college.\nLev Gorn as Sokolov\nHank Azaria as Hank Landsberg, Annie's father\nSelenis Leyva as Patricia Lugo, the intake director at Neberdine Pharmaceutical and Biotech whom Annie blackmails into getting into NBD's drug study.\nLeo Fitzpatrick as Lance, a smuggler of exotic wildlife for use in clothing and one of Sebastian's two sons.\nJojo Gonzalez as Agent Lopez, a New York Fish and Wildlife officer searching for a ring-tailed lemur taken from the nursing home that Linda works at.\nMaxine Prescott as Mrs. Finklestein, an elderly woman that lives in Owen's apartment building. Prescott also portrays Harriet, a resident of the old folks home that Linda works at.\nJoseph Sikora as JC, a smuggler of exotic wildlife for use in clothing and one of Sebastian's two sons.\nDavid Fierro as Bobby, Olliver Hightower's driver. Fierro also portrays an AdBuddy employee that Owen hires.\nGlenn Wein as Lord Jopling, a guest at the Full Moon Séance. Wein also portrays an AdBuddy employee with halitosis that Owen hires.\nJonathan Rentler as Greg Nazlund, a truck driver who crashed into Annie's car five years ago, killing her sister Ellie. Rentler also portrays a ranger that Annia encounters.","title":"Cast and characters"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Marcus Toji","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Toji"},{"link_name":"Glenn Fleshler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Fleshler"},{"link_name":"ring-tailed lemur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-tailed_lemur"},{"link_name":"Jennifer Ikeda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Ikeda"},{"link_name":"Ben Sinclair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Sinclair_(actor)"}],"sub_title":"Guest","text":"Marcus Toji as Calvin Muramoto (episode: \"Windmills\"), Dr. Robert Muramoto's son and also Annie's drug dealer that initially supplies her with NPB's \"A\" pills, to which she is addicted. She goes to him for more and, after informing her that he is all out, suggests that she sign up for one of NPB's drug studies.\nGlenn Fleshler as Sebastian (episode: \"Furs by Sebastian\"), the owner of a fur shop, Furs by Sebastian, that is creating clothing out of exotic animals. Linda and Bruce attempt to take back a ring-tailed lemur that he had stolen from them.\nJennifer Ikeda as Therapist (episode: \"Option C\"), Owen's therapist at the Horton Psychiatric Facility where he is sent after condemning his brother in court.\nBen Sinclair as “friend” (episode: “Option C”), Annie's friend proxy for Owen before visiting him in the asylum.","title":"Cast and characters"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Maniac features 10 episodes, each running between 26–47 minutes. All episodes to the miniseries were released simultaneously on September 21, 2018.","title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_logo_in.jpg"},{"link_name":"IBM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"The IBM logo, which was the inspiration for the Maniac logo as well as the fictional Neberdine Pharmaceutical Biotech company.[1][2]","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cary Joji Fukunaga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cary_Joji_Fukunaga"},{"link_name":"Emma Stone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Stone"},{"link_name":"Jonah Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonah_Hill"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Announcement-3"},{"link_name":"Netflix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netflix"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Patrick Somerville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Somerville"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Television Critics Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_Critics_Association"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Premiere-7"}],"sub_title":"Development","text":"The series was officially announced in March 2016, with Netflix ordering the production straight-to-series that same month. On March 18, 2016, it was announced that Paramount Television and Anonymous Content were producing a television series to be directed by Cary Joji Fukunaga. The half-hour dark comedy series was reported to be executive produced by Fukunaga, Emma Stone, Jonah Hill, Michael Sugar, and Doug Wald. Ashley Zalta was also announced as a co-executive producer. At the time, the series was being shopped to various networks and was searching for a writer.[3] Less than a week later, it was announced that Netflix was finalizing a deal for a straight-to-series order for a first season consisting of ten episodes.[4][5] On October 21, 2016, it was announced that Patrick Somerville would write the series.[6] On July 29, 2018, it was announced during the annual Television Critics Association's summer press tour that the series would premiere on September 21, 2018.[7]","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Emma Stone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Stone"},{"link_name":"Jonah Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonah_Hill"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Announcement-3"},{"link_name":"Sonoya Mizuno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoya_Mizuno"},{"link_name":"Justin Theroux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Theroux"},{"link_name":"Julia Garner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Garner"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Jemima Kirke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemima_Kirke"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Sally Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Field"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Billy Magnussen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Magnussen"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"sub_title":"Casting","text":"Alongside the initial series announcement, it was reported that Emma Stone and Jonah Hill were finalizing deals to star in the series.[3] In August 2017, it was announced that Sonoya Mizuno had been cast as a series regular and that Justin Theroux and Julia Garner would appear in a recurring capacity.[8][9][10][11][12] On September 13, 2017, it was reported that Jemima Kirke had been cast in a recurring role.[13] On October 5, 2017, it was announced that Sally Field had joined the cast in a recurring role.[14][15] On February 23, 2018, it was reported Billy Magnussen had been cast in the series.[16]","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"sub_title":"Filming","text":"Principal photography for the series began on August 15, 2017, in New York City and was expected to conclude by the end of November 2017.[17]","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dan Romer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Romer"},{"link_name":"Waxwork Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waxwork_Records"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"sub_title":"Music","text":"Dan Romer composed the soundtrack to Maniac with collection of orchestral and electronic musical pieces. The soundtrack was released on a double LP by Waxwork Records on January 10, 2020.[18]","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maniac_UK_premiere.jpg"},{"link_name":"Cary Joji Fukunaga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cary_Joji_Fukunaga"},{"link_name":"Emma Stone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Stone"},{"link_name":"Patrick Somerville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Somerville"},{"link_name":"Justin Theroux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Theroux"},{"link_name":"Southbank Centre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southbank_Centre"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"text":"Cary Joji Fukunaga (director), Emma Stone (lead actress), Patrick Somerville (creator), and Justin Theroux (actor) at the premiere of Maniac in LondonOn September 13, 2018, the series held its world premiere at the Southbank Centre in London, England.[19] On September 20, 2018, the series held its American premiere at Center 415 in Manhattan, New York.[20]","title":"Release"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"review aggregation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Review_aggregation"},{"link_name":"Rotten Tomatoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Metacritic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacritic"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Variety","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"The Washington Post","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"Vulture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulture_(website)"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"Entertainment Weekly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"}],"sub_title":"Critical response","text":"The series was met with a positive response from critics. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an 85% approval rating, with an average rating of 7.6 out of 10 based on 104 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, \"Maniac enthralls with its dazzling visuals, adventurous narrative, and striking performances from both Emma Stone and Jonah Hill.\"[21] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the series a score of 76 out of 100 based on 24 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\".[22]In a positive review, Variety's Daniel D'Addario commended the series saying, \"The beautifully made Maniac plunges viewers into a fictional world that's both divergent from our own and instantly recognizable—and then reinvents itself several times over, skittering across time, space and genre to tell a story of connection that feels urgent and deeply, painfully human...As a trial of something new, Maniac passes every test, and ascends instantly to take its place among the very best TV of the year.\"[23] In another favorable assessment, The Washington Post's Hank Stuever described the series as \"oddly mesmerizing\" and offered it qualified praise saying, \"Maniac starts off too absorbed in its own complicated structure, but once Owen and Annie are strapped in at the lab (and experience an accidental melding of their subconscious states), the show becomes a visually compelling romp through highly detailed dreams and personal discoveries.\"[24] Describing it as \"exhilarating to watch and a lot to process\", Vulture's Jen Chaney called the series \"one of the fall season's best\".[25]In a more negative critique, Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly awarded the series a grade of \"C−\", saying, \"For all its manic poses and deflationary snark, it's ultimately patronizingly sentimental. [...] Maniac asks big questions about reality, and then settles for the limpest possible cinematic representations of that reality.\"[26]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Awards and nominations","title":"Reception"}]
|
[{"image_text":"The IBM logo, which was the inspiration for the Maniac logo as well as the fictional Neberdine Pharmaceutical Biotech company.[1][2]","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/IBM_logo_in.jpg/150px-IBM_logo_in.jpg"},{"image_text":"Cary Joji Fukunaga (director), Emma Stone (lead actress), Patrick Somerville (creator), and Justin Theroux (actor) at the premiere of Maniac in London","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Maniac_UK_premiere.jpg/290px-Maniac_UK_premiere.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"Kelly, Hillary (September 21, 2018). \"Maniac Premiere Recap: The Intake Process\". Vulture. Retrieved November 4, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.vulture.com/2018/09/maniac-recap-episode-1.html","url_text":"\"Maniac Premiere Recap: The Intake Process\""}]},{"reference":"Patterson, Troy (September 21, 2018). \"The Design of \"Maniac\" Offers an Uncanny Imitation of Life\". The New Yorker. Retrieved November 4, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newyorker.com/culture/on-television/the-design-of-maniac-offers-an-uncanny-imitation-of-life","url_text":"\"The Design of \"Maniac\" Offers an Uncanny Imitation of Life\""}]},{"reference":"Andreeva, Nellie (March 18, 2016). \"Emma Stone & Jonah Hill To Star & Cary Fukunaga To Direct 'Maniac' Dark Comedy Series For Paramount TV & Anonymous\". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://deadline.com/2016/03/emma-stone-jonah-hill-star-cary-fukunaga-direct-maniac-dark-comedy-series-paramount-tv-anonymous-1201722493/","url_text":"\"Emma Stone & Jonah Hill To Star & Cary Fukunaga To Direct 'Maniac' Dark Comedy Series For Paramount TV & Anonymous\""}]},{"reference":"Wagmeister, Elizabeth (March 24, 2016). \"Netflix Lands Emma Stone, Jonah Hill, Cary Fukunaga Series 'Maniac'\". Variety. Retrieved March 25, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/netflix-maniac-emma-stone-jonah-hill-cary-fukunaga-1201737965/","url_text":"\"Netflix Lands Emma Stone, Jonah Hill, Cary Fukunaga Series 'Maniac'\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(magazine)","url_text":"Variety"}]},{"reference":"Andreeva, Nellie (March 24, 2016). \"Netflix Lands Emma Stone, Jonah Hill & Cary Fukunaga Paramount TV/Anonymous Comedy With Series Order\". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://deadline.com/2016/03/maniac-emma-stone-jonah-hill-cary-fukunaga-series-netflix-paramount-tv-1201725490/","url_text":"\"Netflix Lands Emma Stone, Jonah Hill & Cary Fukunaga Paramount TV/Anonymous Comedy With Series Order\""}]},{"reference":"Andreeva, Nellie (October 21, 2016). \"Netflix Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Series 'Maniac' From Cary Fukunaga Finds Writer\". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://deadline.com/2016/10/maniac-netflix-emma-stone-jonah-hill-series-cary-fukunaga-patrick-somerville-writer-1201840702/","url_text":"\"Netflix Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Series 'Maniac' From Cary Fukunaga Finds Writer\""}]},{"reference":"Ramos, Dino-Ray (July 29, 2018). \"'Maniac': Netflix Sets Premiere Date, Releases Teaser For Emma Stone & Jonah Hill Dark Comedy – TCA\". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 29, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://deadline.com/2018/07/maniac-release-date-netflix-emma-stone-jonah-hill-teaser-trailer-video-tca-1202435943/","url_text":"\"'Maniac': Netflix Sets Premiere Date, Releases Teaser For Emma Stone & Jonah Hill Dark Comedy – TCA\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood","url_text":"Deadline Hollywood"}]},{"reference":"Andreeva, Nellie (August 17, 2017). \"Justin Theroux To Co-Star In Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series 'Maniac' At Par TV\". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://deadline.com/2017/08/justin-theroux-cast-maniac-emma-stone-jonah-hill-netflix-series-1202151403/","url_text":"\"Justin Theroux To Co-Star In Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series 'Maniac' At Par TV\""}]},{"reference":"Petski, Denise (August 22, 2017). \"'Maniac': Sonoya Mizuno Cast As Regular & Julia Garner To Recur In Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series\". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 25, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://deadline.com/2017/08/maniac-sonoya-mizuno-cast-regular-julia-garner-recur-emma-stone-jonah-hill-netflix-series-1202153907/","url_text":"\"'Maniac': Sonoya Mizuno Cast As Regular & Julia Garner To Recur In Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series\""}]},{"reference":"Stanhope, Kate (August 17, 2017). \"Justin Theroux Joins Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series 'Maniac'\". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 13, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/justin-theroux-joins-emma-stone-jonah-hill-netflix-series-maniac-1030694","url_text":"\"Justin Theroux Joins Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series 'Maniac'\""}]},{"reference":"Roots, Kimberly (August 17, 2017). \"Justin Theroux Joins Maniac Netflix Comedy With Emma Stone, Jonah Hill\". TVLine. Retrieved August 13, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://tvline.com/2017/08/17/justin-theroux-maniac-cast-season-1-emma-stone-jonah-hill-netflix/","url_text":"\"Justin Theroux Joins Maniac Netflix Comedy With Emma Stone, Jonah Hill\""}]},{"reference":"Otterson, Joe (August 17, 2017). \"Justin Theroux to Guest Star on Emma Stone, Jonah Hill Netflix Series 'Maniac'\". Variety. Retrieved August 13, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/justin-theroux-emma-stone-jonah-hill-netflix-series-maniac-1202531652/","url_text":"\"Justin Theroux to Guest Star on Emma Stone, Jonah Hill Netflix Series 'Maniac'\""}]},{"reference":"Petski, Denise (September 13, 2017). \"'Maniac': Jemima Kirke Set To Recur In Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series\". Deadline Hollywood. 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Retrieved September 15, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://variety.com/2018/tv/reviews/maniac-review-emma-stone-jonah-hill-netflix-1202931847/","url_text":"\"TV Review: 'Maniac' With Emma Stone and Jonah Hill\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(magazine)","url_text":"Variety"}]},{"reference":"Stuever, Hank (September 13, 2018). \"10 new shows to check out this fall, including 'Murphy Brown,' 'Camping' and 'Forever'\". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190330221242/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/tv/10-new-shows-to-check-out-this-fall-including-murphy-brown-camping-and-forever/2018/09/13/","url_text":"\"10 new shows to check out this fall, including 'Murphy Brown,' 'Camping' and 'Forever'\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post","url_text":"The Washington Post"},{"url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/tv/10-new-shows-to-check-out-this-fall-including-murphy-brown-camping-and-forever/2018/09/13/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Chaney, Jen (September 19, 2018). \"Maniac Is a Hell of a Drug\". Vulture. Retrieved March 30, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.vulture.com/2018/09/maniac-netflix-review.html","url_text":"\"Maniac Is a Hell of a Drug\""}]},{"reference":"Franich, Darren (September 13, 2018). \"Netflix's dreamy Maniac miniseries fails in every reality: EW review\". Entertainment Weekly. 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(November 29, 2018). \"International Press Academy Announces Nominees for 23rd Annual Satellite Awards\". Awards Circuit. Archived from the original on December 2, 2018. Retrieved December 3, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181202143923/http://www.awardscircuit.com/2018/11/29/international-press-academy-announces-nominees-for-23rd-annual-satellite-awards/","url_text":"\"International Press Academy Announces Nominees for 23rd Annual Satellite Awards\""},{"url":"http://www.awardscircuit.com/2018/11/29/international-press-academy-announces-nominees-for-23rd-annual-satellite-awards/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"St. Clair, Matt (January 4, 2019). \"'A Star Is Born,' 'Roma,' and 'Beale Street' Win Big at the Satellite Awards\". Awards Circuit. Archived from the original on January 6, 2019. 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Retrieved December 6, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://deadline.com/2018/12/writers-guild-awards-tv-nominations-2019-list-1202515496/","url_text":"\"WGA Awards TV Nominations: 'The Handmaid's Tale', 'Barry', 'SNL' Make List\""}]}]
|
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Sonoya Mizuno Cast As Regular & Julia Garner To Recur In Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series\""},{"Link":"https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/justin-theroux-joins-emma-stone-jonah-hill-netflix-series-maniac-1030694","external_links_name":"\"Justin Theroux Joins Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix Series 'Maniac'\""},{"Link":"https://tvline.com/2017/08/17/justin-theroux-maniac-cast-season-1-emma-stone-jonah-hill-netflix/","external_links_name":"\"Justin Theroux Joins Maniac Netflix Comedy With Emma Stone, Jonah Hill\""},{"Link":"https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/justin-theroux-emma-stone-jonah-hill-netflix-series-maniac-1202531652/","external_links_name":"\"Justin Theroux to Guest Star on Emma Stone, Jonah Hill Netflix Series 'Maniac'\""},{"Link":"https://deadline.com/2017/09/maniac-jemima-kirke-recur-emma-stone-jonah-hill-netflix-series-1202169216/","external_links_name":"\"'Maniac': Jemima Kirke Set To Recur In Emma Stone-Jonah Hill Netflix 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arisaig
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Arisaig
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["1 Prehistory","2 History","2.1 Early history","2.2 Lairdship grants","2.3 Later history","3 Famous resident","4 Amenities and attractions","5 Transport","6 In popular culture","7 References","8 External links"]
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Coordinates: 56°54′36″N 5°50′35″W / 56.910°N 5.843°W / 56.910; -5.843Coastal village in Scotland
For the Canadian village, see Arisaig, Nova Scotia.
Human settlement in ScotlandArisaigScottish Gaelic: ÀrasaigArisaigLocation within the Lochaber areaPopulation300 OS grid referenceNM661865Council areaHighlandCountryScotlandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townARISAIGPostcode districtPH39Dialling code01687PoliceScotlandFireScottishAmbulanceScottish
UK ParliamentRoss, Skye and LochaberScottish ParliamentSkye, Lochaber and Badenoch
List of places
UK
Scotland
56°54′36″N 5°50′35″W / 56.910°N 5.843°W / 56.910; -5.843
Arisaig /ˈærɪseɪɡ/ (Scottish Gaelic: Àrasaig) is a village in Lochaber, Inverness-shire. It lies 7 miles (11 kilometres) south of Mallaig on the west coast of the Scottish Highlands, within the Rough Bounds. Arisaig is also the traditional name for part of the surrounding peninsula south of Loch Morar, extending east to Moidart. Etymologically, Arisaig means "safe bay". It lies in the Scottish council area of Highland and has a population of about 300.
Prehistory
Realignment of a 6 km section of the A830 road in Arisaig led to archaeological investigations in 2000–2001 by the Centre for Field Archaeology (CFA), the University of Edinburgh, and Headland Archaeology Ltd, which found a Bronze Age kerb cairn, turf buildings and shieling huts. The shielings were repeatedly reused through the medieval and post-medieval periods, but themselves were on top of Bronze Age remains.
Analysis of peat cores has revealed a history of continuous, but gradual decline in woodland, starting in about 3200 BC and continuing to the present. The same analysis found that people were likely to have been in the area constantly from 2500 BC, but in low numbers. From 500 BC onwards the area underwent more intensive grazing activities.
Further improvements to the A830, led to excavations, again by CFA, in 2005 of a burnt mound, the first such feature to have been excavated in this part of the Highlands. The mound was radiocarbon dated to period from 2550 to 1900 BC, the early Bronze Age. The purpose of burnt mounds are unknown and they have been hypothesized to have been used as cooking places, saunas or breweries and, unfortunately, the Arisiag burnt mound did not provide an answer to the question of their purpose(s).
History
Early history
The Arisaig coast
After raids by Vikings that had begun in the 8th century AD, Arisaig became part of the Kingdom of the Isles, a Norwegian dependency. In the late 11th century, however, Malcolm III of Scotland came to a written agreement with Magnus Barelegs, the Norwegian king, to move the border to the coast, so that Arisaig became Scottish.
In the early 12th century, Somerled, a Norse-Gael of uncertain origin, became owner of Arisaig and the surrounding region. No reliable record explains how this happened, but by some point in the 1140s, David I of Scotland's control of the region had been eroded. In the middle of that century, Somerled launched a coup in the Kingdom of the Isles, which led to it joining his other possessions as a single state. On Somerled's death, Norwegian authority was restored, but in practice it remained divided; the part containing Arisaig was known as Garmoran and ruled by the MacRory, a faction among Somerled's heirs.
After the 1266 Treaty of Perth, Garmoran became a Scottish crown dependency – the Lordship of Garmoran – still ruled by the MacRory, until the final MacRory heir was Amy of Garmoran. Most of the remainder of the kingdom had become the Lordship of the Isles, ruled by the MacDonalds, whose leader, John of Islay, married Amy. After the birth of three sons, he divorced Amy and married the king's niece, in return for a substantial dowry. As part of the arrangement, John deprived his eldest son, Ranald, of the right to inherit the Lordship of the Isles, in favour of a son by his new wife. As compensation, he made Ranald the Lord of Garmoran.
However, Ranald's sons were still children at the end of the 14th century, and his younger brother Godfrey seized the Lordship of Garmoran in their stead. Furthermore, the heirs of Ranald's other brother Murdoch now made their own claim. This led to much violent conflict involving Godfrey's family (the Siol Gorrie) and those of his brothers, although this is not described in much detail in surviving records.
By 1427, King James I was frustrated with the general level of violence in the Highlands, together with an insurrection caused by his own cousin. He demanded that Highland magnates attend a meeting at Inverness. On arrival, many were seized and imprisoned. Alexander MacGorrie, son of Godfrey, was considered one of the two most reprehensible, and after a quick show trial immediately executed. Alexander had by then inherited Godfrey's de facto position as Lord of Garmoran, and in view of Ranald's heirs being no less responsible for the violence, King James declared the Lordship forfeit.
Lairdship grants
The plain of Mointeach Mhòr
In 1469, James' grandson (James III) granted Lairdship of the lands of Garmoran and Uist to John of Ross, the Lord of the Isles. In turn, John passed it to his half-brother, Hugh of Sleat; the grant to Hugh was confirmed by the king in a 1493 charter. The violence that led to Alexander's execution had brought the Siol Gorrie to the brink of extinction, and after Alexander's death they played no further part in Arisaig's history.
Ranald's heirs, Clan Ranald, disputed and fought against the charter. After Hugh of Sleat's death in 1498, and for reasons that are not remotely clear, his son John of Sleat immediately resigned, transferring all authority to the king. By this time John of Ross's conspiratorial ambition had caused the Lordship of the Isles to be forfeited, but in 1501, his heir, Black Donald, launched an insurrection aimed at restoring it. Ranald Bane, leader of Clan Ranald, was one of the few MacDonald-descended clan leaders to refuse to support Donald, and so in 1505, shortly before Donald was defeated, Ranald Bane was given the Lairdship of Arisaig and Eigg as a reward.
In 1520, the excessive cruelty of Ranald Bane's son, Dougall (not described in detail by surviving records) led to his assassination and the exclusion of Ranald Bane's descendants from leadership of Clan Ranald. Instead, Ranald Bane's brother, Alexander, took over the leadership. In 1532, the king provided a charter confirming Alexander's son, John Moidartach, as Laird of Arisaig and Eigg.
Later history
On 15 June 1700, Bishop Thomas Nicholson of the strictly illegal and underground Catholic Church in Scotland arrived at Keppoch in Arisaig and was personally received and with great courtesy by the Chief of Clan MacDonald of Clanranald, who placed a boat with experienced sailors at the Bishop's disposal for his visits to the Hebrides.
In his Report of the Visitation, Bishop Nicholson later commented about the region, "Kilmarui, i.e. the Cell or Church of St. Maelrubber, is close to Keppoch in Arisaig. In this chapel there are several tombs of hard bluish stone, on which there are some ancient figures very well carved, but without inscription for the most part. One would not have thought that the people of these countries had as much skill in sculpture as these tombs show them to have had. There are some on which a priest, wearing the ancient form of chasuble, is engraved; others have only figures of arms, such as large swords, or else figures of birds and other animals. There are similar tombs on Eilean Finnan (where the Lairds of Moidart are buried), in Eigg, in Uist, Barra, and in several other islands off the North of Scotland."
On 20 September 1746 Bonnie Prince Charlie left Scotland for France from a place near the village after the collapse of the Jacobite rising of 1745. The site of his departure is marked by the Prince's Cairn at Loch nan Uamh, to the east of Arisaig.
Just a few decades later, Arisaig also became important to Scottish Gaelic literature. The Scottish Gaelic national poet and Gaelic tutor to Prince Charles Edward Stuart, Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair, died at Arisaig in 1770. A gale then raging along the coast prevented his body from being taken for burial beside his parents at Eilean Finnan in Loch Shiel, the Bard was instead buried beside the ruins of Kil-Mael-Rubha Church in Airsaig. Although the exact location of the Bard's grave is no longer known, a wall plaque was erected in 1927 in St. Maelrubha's Roman Catholic cemetery in Arisaig "by a few Jacobite admirers in New Zealand and some fellow clansmen at home, in recognition of his greatness as a Gaelic poet".
During the Highland Clearances, many of the local population emigrated to Canada, where in 1785 they founded the town of Arisaig, in Antigonish County, Nova Scotia.
Ranald George, the 20th chief of Clan Ranald ran into financial difficulty sold almost all the traditional Clan Ranald lands, including Arisaig, in the 1820s. Some Archaeological excavations of a croft by CFA Archaeology, during the realignment and upgrading works of the A830 in 2005, and historical research by Stirling University found that the new landowner, Lord Cranstoun was the most notable estate owner during the difficult times of Arisaig, mainly for his cruel actions. Lord Cranstoun was arguably the main perpetrator for the largest amount of clearances occurring within Arisaig during the famine years. During the famine, Lord Cranstoun was certainly not a popular proprietor, he was seen as a landlord who failed to make effort to bring relief to his tenants, and even provide work during times of destitution
It was even noted within a debate in the House of Commons in 1847, that Lord Cranstoun had 17 servants on the edge of starvation, who he refused to pay or provide for (see Distress in Scotland, HC Deb, 22 February 1847, vol 90, cc310 – 6). Ellice (1847, see previous reference), noted that the state of most families in Arisaig during the time, were on the brink of starvation and destitution. Lord Cranstoun, alongside other estate owners, were encouraged to offer road expansions or drain improvements on their estates, giving destitute families a chance to work, which he begrudgingly accepted, however, refused to provide tools for the job. The economic downturn and potato blight caused estate owners to focus their attention towards pasture lands for sheep and deer hunting grounds, predominantly for the very wealthy, causing many people to be evicted or emigrate, with the unoccupied houses falling into ruin in and around Arisaig.
Arisaig House
Arisaig House, the only Scottish country house designed by architect Philip Webb (1831–1915), was built in 1863 for Francis Dukinfield Palmer-Astley (1825–1868) on the south side of the A830 Lochailort-Morar Road, 3.5 kilometres (2+1⁄4 mi) south-east of Arisaig, on the north shores of Loch Nan Uamh. The house was largely destroyed by fire in 1935 and remodelled in 1937 for Charlotte Gertrude Astley-Nicholson (died 1961).
In the Second World War, Arisaig House became the headquarters for the Scottish section of the Special Operations Executive, which ran paramilitary training courses in the surrounding area, preparing agents for missions in Occupied Europe. The remoteness of the rough bounds made it an ideal site for this. On 11 November 2009 a memorial to Czechoslovak soldiers who had trained as SOE agents in 1943–1945 was unveiled in Arisaig.
Famous resident
Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair, the leading war poet of the Jacobite rising of 1745 and teacher of Scottish Gaelic to Prince Charles Edward Stuart, died while serving as tacksman of Arisaig in 1770 and was buried in the cemetery of Kilmorie, close to the present Catholic church of Arisaig. Although the exact location of the Bard's grave is no longer known, a wall plaque was erected in 1927 in St. Mary's Roman Catholic cemetery in Arisaig "by a few Jacobite admirers in New Zealand and some fellow clansmen at home, in recognition of his greatness as a Gaelic poet". The Clanranald Bard, as he is sometimes called, remains, along with 20th century Raasay Bard Sorley MacLean, one of the two most important writers in the history of Scottish Gaelic literature.
Amenities and attractions
The Land, Sea and Island Centre
Arisaig has a post office, a general store, a restaurant, a café, a hotel with a bar, and a marina. Tourism is the main industry in the area.
The Land, Sea and Islands Centre offers a display on the connection between the Special Operations Executive and Arisaig. See above.
Transport
Arisaig lies on the A830 to Mallaig to the north and Fort William to the east. It is also known as the Road to the Isles. Work on widening it into a double-lane road was completed in 2008. The village is also connected to Mallaig and Fort William by the West Highland Line. Arisaig railway station is the most westerly on the British mainland.
A small passenger ferry sails from Arisaig to the Small Isles of Eigg, Muck and Rùm. The main CalMac service to the Small Isles operates from Mallaig.
In popular culture
Several areas of England have Arisaig as a street name, such as Ouston, County Durham. A fictionalized Ardnish peninsula and Arisaig provide the setting for most of the "Ian and Sovra" series of children's novels by Elinor Lyon.
Arisaig is the title of a song by popular Scottish neo-trad band Project Smok. It features as the third track on their 2020 debut LP, Bayview.
References
^ Census, 2011
^ AA Book of British Villages. Drive Publications Limited. 1980. p. 30. ISBN 9780340254875.
^ Ach na skia Croft site Retrieved 5 April 2018.
^ "Vol 15 (2005): Early land-use and landscape development in Arisaig | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports". journals.socantscot.org. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
^ "Vol 39 (2009): The Excavation of an Early Bronze Age Burnt Mound at Arisaig, Lochaber, Highland | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports". journals.socantscot.org. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
^ MacDonald, IG (2013). Clerics and Clansmen: The Diocese of Argyll between the Twelfth and Sixteenth Centuries. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures (series vol. 61). Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-18547-0. ISSN 1569-1462., p. 37; Woolf, A (2004). "The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0., p. 102.
^ a b Gregory, Donald (1836), History of the Western Highlands and Isles of Scotland, from A.D. 1493 to A.D. 1625, with a brief introductory sketch, from A.D. 80 to A.D. 1493, Edinburgh, W. Tait, retrieved 11 May 2012, p. 65
^ Odo Blundell (1917), The Catholic Highlands of Scotland, Volume II, p. 120.
^ Odo Blundell (1917), The Catholic Highlands of Scotland, Volume II, pp. 120-121.
^ Charles MacDonald (2011), Moidart: Among the Clanranalds, Birlinn Press. pp. 131.
^ Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair – Alexander Macdonald, The Jacobite Bard of Clanranald, Clan Donald Magazine, No 9 (1981), By Norman H. MacDonald.
^ Macdonald; Macdonald 1900, 2: pp. 363–365.
^ a b c "Vol 35 (2009): Angus McEachen's house: the anatomy of an early 19th-century crofting settlement near Arisaig | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports". journals.socantscot.org. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
^ Historic Environment Scotland. "ARISAIG HOUSE (GDL00027)". Retrieved 28 February 2019.
^ Commando Country, Stuart Allan, National Museums Scotland 2007, ISBN 978-1-905267-14-9
^ "Memorial to Czechoslovak soldiers unveiled in Arisaig, Scotland". The Czech Embassy in London. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
^ Malcolm MacLennan (2001), Gaelic Dictionary/Faclair Gàidhlig, Mercat and Acair, p. 131.
^ Land, Sea and Islands Centre Archived 14 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Special Operations Executive: Para-Military Training in Scotland during World War 2, David M Harrison, Land Sea and Islands Centre, Arisaig
^ Obituary in The Telegraph, 22 July 2008 Retrieved 23 March 2017.
^ "Bayview, by Project Smok". Project Smok. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arisaig.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Arisaig.
Road to the Isles information page on Arisaig
Panorama of the Sound of Arisaig (QuickTime required)
vteLochaberSettlements
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Arisaig, Nova Scotia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arisaig,_Nova_Scotia"},{"link_name":"/ˈærɪseɪɡ/","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English"},{"link_name":"Scottish Gaelic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language"},{"link_name":"Lochaber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lochaber"},{"link_name":"Mallaig","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallaig"},{"link_name":"Scottish Highlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Highlands"},{"link_name":"Rough Bounds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Bounds"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Loch Morar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch_Morar"},{"link_name":"Moidart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moidart"},{"link_name":"Highland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland_Council_area"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Coastal village in ScotlandFor the Canadian village, see Arisaig, Nova Scotia.Human settlement in ScotlandArisaig /ˈærɪseɪɡ/ (Scottish Gaelic: Àrasaig) is a village in Lochaber, Inverness-shire. It lies 7 miles (11 kilometres) south of Mallaig on the west coast of the Scottish Highlands, within the Rough Bounds.[2] Arisaig is also the traditional name for part of the surrounding peninsula south of Loch Morar, extending east to Moidart. Etymologically, Arisaig means \"safe bay\". It lies in the Scottish council area of Highland and has a population of about 300.[3]","title":"Arisaig"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of Edinburgh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh"},{"link_name":"Headland Archaeology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headland_Archaeology"},{"link_name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age"},{"link_name":"kerb cairn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowl_barrow"},{"link_name":"shieling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shieling"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"burnt mound","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnt_mound"},{"link_name":"early Bronze Age","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Bronze_Age"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Realignment of a 6 km section of the A830 road in Arisaig led to archaeological investigations in 2000–2001 by the Centre for Field Archaeology (CFA), the University of Edinburgh, and Headland Archaeology Ltd, which found a Bronze Age kerb cairn, turf buildings and shieling huts. The shielings were repeatedly reused through the medieval and post-medieval periods, but themselves were on top of Bronze Age remains.Analysis of peat cores has revealed a history of continuous, but gradual decline in woodland, starting in about 3200 BC and continuing to the present. The same analysis found that people were likely to have been in the area constantly from 2500 BC, but in low numbers. From 500 BC onwards the area underwent more intensive grazing activities.[4]Further improvements to the A830, led to excavations, again by CFA, in 2005 of a burnt mound, the first such feature to have been excavated in this part of the Highlands. The mound was radiocarbon dated to period from 2550 to 1900 BC, the early Bronze Age. The purpose of burnt mounds are unknown and they have been hypothesized to have been used as cooking places, saunas or breweries and, unfortunately, the Arisiag burnt mound did not provide an answer to the question of their purpose(s).[5]","title":"Prehistory"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_coast_at_Port_nam_Murrach,_near_Arisaig_-_geograph.org.uk_-_17527.jpg"},{"link_name":"Vikings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikings"},{"link_name":"Kingdom of the Isles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles"},{"link_name":"Malcolm III of Scotland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland"},{"link_name":"Magnus Barelegs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus_Barelegs"},{"link_name":"Somerled","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerled"},{"link_name":"Norse-Gael","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse-Gael"},{"link_name":"David I of Scotland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Garmoran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmoran"},{"link_name":"MacRory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clann_Ruaidhri"},{"link_name":"Treaty of Perth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Perth"},{"link_name":"Amy of Garmoran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_of_Garmoran"},{"link_name":"Lordship of the Isles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordship_of_the_Isles"},{"link_name":"MacDonalds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_Donald"},{"link_name":"John of Islay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Islay"},{"link_name":"dowry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowry"},{"link_name":"Ranald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranald_MacDonald_(founder_of_Clanranald)"},{"link_name":"heirs of Ranald's other brother Murdoch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siol_Murdoch"},{"link_name":"Siol Gorrie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siol_Gorrie"},{"link_name":"James I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_Scotland"},{"link_name":"his own cousin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murdoch_Stewart,_Duke_of_Albany"},{"link_name":"Inverness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-G65-7"}],"sub_title":"Early history","text":"The Arisaig coastAfter raids by Vikings that had begun in the 8th century AD, Arisaig became part of the Kingdom of the Isles, a Norwegian dependency. In the late 11th century, however, Malcolm III of Scotland came to a written agreement with Magnus Barelegs, the Norwegian king, to move the border to the coast, so that Arisaig became Scottish.In the early 12th century, Somerled, a Norse-Gael of uncertain origin, became owner of Arisaig and the surrounding region. No reliable record explains how this happened, but by some point in the 1140s, David I of Scotland's control of the region had been eroded.[6] In the middle of that century, Somerled launched a coup in the Kingdom of the Isles, which led to it joining his other possessions as a single state. On Somerled's death, Norwegian authority was restored, but in practice it remained divided; the part containing Arisaig was known as Garmoran and ruled by the MacRory, a faction among Somerled's heirs.After the 1266 Treaty of Perth, Garmoran became a Scottish crown dependency – the Lordship of Garmoran – still ruled by the MacRory, until the final MacRory heir was Amy of Garmoran. Most of the remainder of the kingdom had become the Lordship of the Isles, ruled by the MacDonalds, whose leader, John of Islay, married Amy. After the birth of three sons, he divorced Amy and married the king's niece, in return for a substantial dowry. As part of the arrangement, John deprived his eldest son, Ranald, of the right to inherit the Lordship of the Isles, in favour of a son by his new wife. As compensation, he made Ranald the Lord of Garmoran.However, Ranald's sons were still children at the end of the 14th century, and his younger brother Godfrey seized the Lordship of Garmoran in their stead. Furthermore, the heirs of Ranald's other brother Murdoch now made their own claim. This led to much violent conflict involving Godfrey's family (the Siol Gorrie) and those of his brothers, although this is not described in much detail in surviving records.By 1427, King James I was frustrated with the general level of violence in the Highlands, together with an insurrection caused by his own cousin. He demanded that Highland magnates attend a meeting at Inverness. On arrival, many were seized and imprisoned. Alexander MacGorrie, son of Godfrey, was considered one of the two most reprehensible, and after a quick show trial immediately executed.[7] Alexander had by then inherited Godfrey's de facto position as Lord of Garmoran, and in view of Ranald's heirs being no less responsible for the violence, King James declared the Lordship forfeit.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mointeach_Mh%C3%B2r_-_geograph.org.uk_-_369814.jpg"},{"link_name":"James III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland"},{"link_name":"Lairdship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laird"},{"link_name":"John of Ross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Islay,_Earl_of_Ross"},{"link_name":"Hugh of Sleat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_of_Sleat"},{"link_name":"the king","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-G65-7"},{"link_name":"Clan Ranald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_Macdonald_of_Clanranald"},{"link_name":"Black Donald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Dubh"},{"link_name":"Ranald Bane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranald_Bane&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Eigg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigg"}],"sub_title":"Lairdship grants","text":"The plain of Mointeach MhòrIn 1469, James' grandson (James III) granted Lairdship of the lands of Garmoran and Uist to John of Ross, the Lord of the Isles. In turn, John passed it to his half-brother, Hugh of Sleat; the grant to Hugh was confirmed by the king in a 1493 charter. The violence that led to Alexander's execution had brought the Siol Gorrie to the brink of extinction, and after Alexander's death they played no further part in Arisaig's history.[7]Ranald's heirs, Clan Ranald, disputed and fought against the charter. After Hugh of Sleat's death in 1498, and for reasons that are not remotely clear, his son John of Sleat immediately resigned, transferring all authority to the king. By this time John of Ross's conspiratorial ambition had caused the Lordship of the Isles to be forfeited, but in 1501, his heir, Black Donald, launched an insurrection aimed at restoring it. Ranald Bane, leader of Clan Ranald, was one of the few MacDonald-descended clan leaders to refuse to support Donald, and so in 1505, shortly before Donald was defeated, Ranald Bane was given the Lairdship of Arisaig and Eigg as a reward.In 1520, the excessive cruelty of Ranald Bane's son, Dougall (not described in detail by surviving records) led to his assassination and the exclusion of Ranald Bane's descendants from leadership of Clan Ranald. Instead, Ranald Bane's brother, Alexander, took over the leadership. In 1532, the king provided a charter confirming Alexander's son, John Moidartach, as Laird of Arisaig and Eigg.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Thomas Nicholson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Nicolson_(bishop)"},{"link_name":"Catholic Church in Scotland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland"},{"link_name":"Clan MacDonald of Clanranald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_MacDonald_of_Clanranald"},{"link_name":"Hebrides","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrides"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Maelrubber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Ruba"},{"link_name":"chasuble","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasuble"},{"link_name":"large swords","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longsword"},{"link_name":"Lairds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laird"},{"link_name":"Moidart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moidart"},{"link_name":"Eigg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigg"},{"link_name":"Uist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uist"},{"link_name":"Barra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Bonnie Prince Charlie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnie_Prince_Charlie"},{"link_name":"Jacobite rising of 1745","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1745"},{"link_name":"Prince's Cairn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%27s_Cairn"},{"link_name":"Loch nan Uamh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch_nan_Uamh"},{"link_name":"Scottish Gaelic literature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_literature"},{"link_name":"national poet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_poet"},{"link_name":"Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasdair_Mac_Mhaighstir_Alasdair"},{"link_name":"Loch Shiel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch_Shiel"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Maelrubha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Ruba"},{"link_name":"New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-web.archive.org-11"},{"link_name":"Highland Clearances","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland_Clearances"},{"link_name":"Arisaig","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arisaig,_Nova_Scotia"},{"link_name":"Antigonish County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigonish_County"},{"link_name":"Nova Scotia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia"},{"link_name":"Ranald George","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranald_George_Macdonald"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Stirling University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Stirling"},{"link_name":"Lord Cranstoun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Cranstoun"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ref323-13"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ref323-13"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ref323-13"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arisaig_House,_Borrodale_-_geograph.org.uk_-_66331.jpg"},{"link_name":"Philip Webb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Webb"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Second World War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_War"},{"link_name":"Special Operations Executive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive"},{"link_name":"Occupied Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupied_Europe"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Czechoslovak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"sub_title":"Later history","text":"On 15 June 1700, Bishop Thomas Nicholson of the strictly illegal and underground Catholic Church in Scotland arrived at Keppoch in Arisaig and was personally received and with great courtesy by the Chief of Clan MacDonald of Clanranald, who placed a boat with experienced sailors at the Bishop's disposal for his visits to the Hebrides.[8]In his Report of the Visitation, Bishop Nicholson later commented about the region, \"Kilmarui, i.e. the Cell or Church of St. Maelrubber, is close to Keppoch in Arisaig. In this chapel there are several tombs of hard bluish stone, on which there are some ancient figures very well carved, but without inscription for the most part. One would not have thought that the people of these countries had as much skill in sculpture as these tombs show them to have had. There are some on which a priest, wearing the ancient form of chasuble, is engraved; others have only figures of arms, such as large swords, or else figures of birds and other animals. There are similar tombs on Eilean Finnan (where the Lairds of Moidart are buried), in Eigg, in Uist, Barra, and in several other islands off the North of Scotland.\"[9]On 20 September 1746 Bonnie Prince Charlie left Scotland for France from a place near the village after the collapse of the Jacobite rising of 1745. The site of his departure is marked by the Prince's Cairn at Loch nan Uamh, to the east of Arisaig.Just a few decades later, Arisaig also became important to Scottish Gaelic literature. The Scottish Gaelic national poet and Gaelic tutor to Prince Charles Edward Stuart, Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair, died at Arisaig in 1770. A gale then raging along the coast prevented his body from being taken for burial beside his parents at Eilean Finnan in Loch Shiel, the Bard was instead buried beside the ruins of Kil-Mael-Rubha Church in Airsaig.[10] Although the exact location of the Bard's grave is no longer known, a wall plaque was erected in 1927 in St. Maelrubha's Roman Catholic cemetery in Arisaig \"by a few Jacobite admirers in New Zealand and some fellow clansmen at home, in recognition of his greatness as a Gaelic poet\".[11]During the Highland Clearances, many of the local population emigrated to Canada, where in 1785 they founded the town of Arisaig, in Antigonish County, Nova Scotia.Ranald George, the 20th chief of Clan Ranald ran into financial difficulty sold almost all the traditional Clan Ranald lands, including Arisaig, in the 1820s.[12] Some Archaeological excavations of a croft by CFA Archaeology, during the realignment and upgrading works of the A830 in 2005, and historical research by Stirling University found that the new landowner, Lord Cranstoun was the most notable estate owner during the difficult times of Arisaig, mainly for his cruel actions. Lord Cranstoun was arguably the main perpetrator for the largest amount of clearances occurring within Arisaig during the famine years. During the famine, Lord Cranstoun was certainly not a popular proprietor, he was seen as a landlord who failed to make effort to bring relief to his tenants, and even provide work during times of destitution[13]\nIt was even noted within a debate in the House of Commons in 1847, that Lord Cranstoun had 17 servants on the edge of starvation, who he refused to pay or provide for (see Distress in Scotland, HC Deb, 22 February 1847, vol 90, cc310 – 6). Ellice (1847, see previous reference), noted that the state of most families in Arisaig during the time, were on the brink of starvation and destitution. Lord Cranstoun, alongside other estate owners, were encouraged to offer road expansions or drain improvements on their estates, giving destitute families a chance to work, which he begrudgingly accepted, however, refused to provide tools for the job.[13] The economic downturn and potato blight caused estate owners to focus their attention towards pasture lands for sheep and deer hunting grounds, predominantly for the very wealthy, causing many people to be evicted or emigrate, with the unoccupied houses falling into ruin in and around Arisaig.[13]Arisaig HouseArisaig House, the only Scottish country house designed by architect Philip Webb (1831–1915), was built in 1863 for Francis Dukinfield Palmer-Astley (1825–1868) on the south side of the A830 Lochailort-Morar Road, 3.5 kilometres (2+1⁄4 mi) south-east of Arisaig, on the north shores of Loch Nan Uamh. The house was largely destroyed by fire in 1935 and remodelled in 1937 for Charlotte Gertrude Astley-Nicholson (died 1961).[14]In the Second World War, Arisaig House became the headquarters for the Scottish section of the Special Operations Executive, which ran paramilitary training courses in the surrounding area, preparing agents for missions in Occupied Europe. The remoteness of the rough bounds made it an ideal site for this.[15] On 11 November 2009 a memorial to Czechoslovak soldiers who had trained as SOE agents in 1943–1945 was unveiled in Arisaig.[16]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasdair_MacMhaighstir_Alasdair"},{"link_name":"war poet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_poet"},{"link_name":"Jacobite rising of 1745","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1745"},{"link_name":"Scottish Gaelic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic"},{"link_name":"Prince Charles Edward Stuart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Charles_Edward_Stuart"},{"link_name":"tacksman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacksman"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Raasay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raasay"},{"link_name":"Sorley MacLean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorley_MacLean"},{"link_name":"Scottish Gaelic literature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_literature"}],"text":"Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair, the leading war poet of the Jacobite rising of 1745 and teacher of Scottish Gaelic to Prince Charles Edward Stuart, died while serving as tacksman of Arisaig in 1770 and was buried in the cemetery of Kilmorie, close to the present Catholic church of Arisaig.[17] Although the exact location of the Bard's grave is no longer known, a wall plaque was erected in 1927 in St. Mary's Roman Catholic cemetery in Arisaig \"by a few Jacobite admirers in New Zealand and some fellow clansmen at home, in recognition of his greatness as a Gaelic poet\". The Clanranald Bard, as he is sometimes called, remains, along with 20th century Raasay Bard Sorley MacLean, one of the two most important writers in the history of Scottish Gaelic literature.","title":"Famous resident"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Land_Sea_and_Island_Centre,_Arisaig.jpg"},{"link_name":"Tourism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"text":"The Land, Sea and Island CentreArisaig has a post office, a general store, a restaurant, a café, a hotel with a bar, and a marina. Tourism is the main industry in the area.The Land, Sea and Islands Centre[18] offers a display on the connection between the Special Operations Executive and Arisaig.[19] See above.","title":"Amenities and attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"A830","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A830_road"},{"link_name":"Mallaig","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallaig"},{"link_name":"Fort William","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_William,_Highland"},{"link_name":"Road to the Isles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_to_the_Isles"},{"link_name":"West Highland Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Highland_Line"},{"link_name":"Arisaig railway station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arisaig_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Small Isles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Isles"},{"link_name":"Eigg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigg"},{"link_name":"Muck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muck,_Scotland"},{"link_name":"Rùm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B9m"},{"link_name":"CalMac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonian_MacBrayne"}],"text":"Arisaig lies on the A830 to Mallaig to the north and Fort William to the east. It is also known as the Road to the Isles. Work on widening it into a double-lane road was completed in 2008. The village is also connected to Mallaig and Fort William by the West Highland Line. Arisaig railway station is the most westerly on the British mainland.A small passenger ferry sails from Arisaig to the Small Isles of Eigg, Muck and Rùm. The main CalMac service to the Small Isles operates from Mallaig.","title":"Transport"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ouston, County Durham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouston,_County_Durham"},{"link_name":"Elinor Lyon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elinor_Lyon"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"Project Smok","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Smok"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"text":"Several areas of England have Arisaig as a street name, such as Ouston, County Durham. A fictionalized Ardnish peninsula and Arisaig provide the setting for most of the \"Ian and Sovra\" series of children's novels by Elinor Lyon.[20]Arisaig is the title of a song by popular Scottish neo-trad band Project Smok. It features as the third track on their 2020 debut LP, Bayview.[21]","title":"In popular culture"}]
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[{"image_text":"The Arisaig coast","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/The_coast_at_Port_nam_Murrach%2C_near_Arisaig_-_geograph.org.uk_-_17527.jpg/220px-The_coast_at_Port_nam_Murrach%2C_near_Arisaig_-_geograph.org.uk_-_17527.jpg"},{"image_text":"The plain of Mointeach Mhòr","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Mointeach_Mh%C3%B2r_-_geograph.org.uk_-_369814.jpg/220px-Mointeach_Mh%C3%B2r_-_geograph.org.uk_-_369814.jpg"},{"image_text":"Arisaig House","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Arisaig_House%2C_Borrodale_-_geograph.org.uk_-_66331.jpg/220px-Arisaig_House%2C_Borrodale_-_geograph.org.uk_-_66331.jpg"},{"image_text":"The Land, Sea and Island Centre","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Land_Sea_and_Island_Centre%2C_Arisaig.jpg/220px-Land_Sea_and_Island_Centre%2C_Arisaig.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"AA Book of British Villages. Drive Publications Limited. 1980. p. 30. ISBN 9780340254875.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780340254875","url_text":"9780340254875"}]},{"reference":"\"Vol 15 (2005): Early land-use and landscape development in Arisaig | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports\". journals.socantscot.org. Retrieved 28 July 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/sair/issue/view/31","url_text":"\"Vol 15 (2005): Early land-use and landscape development in Arisaig | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports\""}]},{"reference":"\"Vol 39 (2009): The Excavation of an Early Bronze Age Burnt Mound at Arisaig, Lochaber, Highland | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports\". journals.socantscot.org. Retrieved 17 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/sair/issue/view/64","url_text":"\"Vol 39 (2009): The Excavation of an Early Bronze Age Burnt Mound at Arisaig, Lochaber, Highland | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports\""}]},{"reference":"MacDonald, IG (2013). Clerics and Clansmen: The Diocese of Argyll between the Twelfth and Sixteenth Centuries. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures (series vol. 61). Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-18547-0. ISSN 1569-1462.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brill_Publishers","url_text":"Brill"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18547-0","url_text":"978-90-04-18547-0"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1569-1462","url_text":"1569-1462"}]},{"reference":"Woolf, A (2004). \"The Age of Sea-Kings, 900–1300\". In Omand, D (ed.). The Argyll Book. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 94–109. ISBN 1-84158-253-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Woolf","url_text":"Woolf, A"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birlinn_Limited","url_text":"Birlinn"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84158-253-0","url_text":"1-84158-253-0"}]},{"reference":"Gregory, Donald (1836), History of the Western Highlands and Isles of Scotland, from A.D. 1493 to A.D. 1625, with a brief introductory sketch, from A.D. 80 to A.D. 1493, Edinburgh, W. Tait, retrieved 11 May 2012","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=DaoHAAAAQAAJ","url_text":"History of the Western Highlands and Isles of Scotland, from A.D. 1493 to A.D. 1625, with a brief introductory sketch, from A.D. 80 to A.D. 1493"}]},{"reference":"\"Vol 35 (2009): Angus McEachen's house: the anatomy of an early 19th-century crofting settlement near Arisaig | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports\". journals.socantscot.org. Retrieved 14 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/sair/issue/view/58","url_text":"\"Vol 35 (2009): Angus McEachen's house: the anatomy of an early 19th-century crofting settlement near Arisaig | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports\""}]},{"reference":"Historic Environment Scotland. \"ARISAIG HOUSE (GDL00027)\". Retrieved 28 February 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_Environment_Scotland","url_text":"Historic Environment Scotland"},{"url":"https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/GDL00027","url_text":"\"ARISAIG HOUSE (GDL00027)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Memorial to Czechoslovak soldiers unveiled in Arisaig, Scotland\". The Czech Embassy in London. Retrieved 9 July 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mzv.cz/london/en/what_s_new/memorial_to_czechoslovak_soldiers.html","url_text":"\"Memorial to Czechoslovak soldiers unveiled in Arisaig, Scotland\""}]},{"reference":"\"Bayview, by Project Smok\". Project Smok. Retrieved 8 February 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://projectsmok.bandcamp.com/album/bayview","url_text":"\"Bayview, by Project Smok\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arisaig¶ms=56.91_N_5.843_W_region:GB_type:city(300)","external_links_name":"56°54′36″N 5°50′35″W / 56.910°N 5.843°W / 56.910; -5.843"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arisaig¶ms=56.910442_N_5.843808_W_region:GB_scale:25000&title=Arisaig","external_links_name":"NM661865"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arisaig¶ms=56.91_N_5.843_W_region:GB_type:city(300)","external_links_name":"56°54′36″N 5°50′35″W / 56.910°N 5.843°W / 56.910; -5.843"},{"Link":"http://www.achnaskiacroft.co.uk/en/arisaig_47574/","external_links_name":"Retrieved 5 April 2018."},{"Link":"http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/sair/issue/view/31","external_links_name":"\"Vol 15 (2005): Early land-use and landscape development in Arisaig | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports\""},{"Link":"http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/sair/issue/view/64","external_links_name":"\"Vol 39 (2009): The Excavation of an Early Bronze Age Burnt Mound at Arisaig, Lochaber, Highland | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports\""},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1569-1462","external_links_name":"1569-1462"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=DaoHAAAAQAAJ","external_links_name":"History of the Western Highlands and Isles of Scotland, from A.D. 1493 to A.D. 1625, with a brief introductory sketch, from A.D. 80 to A.D. 1493"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070807021248/http://clandonald.org.uk/cdm09/cdm09a16.htm","external_links_name":"Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair – Alexander Macdonald, The Jacobite Bard of Clanranald"},{"Link":"http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/sair/issue/view/58","external_links_name":"\"Vol 35 (2009): Angus McEachen's house: the anatomy of an early 19th-century crofting settlement near Arisaig | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports\""},{"Link":"https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/GDL00027","external_links_name":"\"ARISAIG HOUSE (GDL00027)\""},{"Link":"http://www.mzv.cz/london/en/what_s_new/memorial_to_czechoslovak_soldiers.html","external_links_name":"\"Memorial to Czechoslovak soldiers unveiled in Arisaig, Scotland\""},{"Link":"http://www.arisaigcentre.co.uk/","external_links_name":"Land, Sea and Islands Centre"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170814022658/http://www.arisaigcentre.co.uk/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/2446416/Elinor-Lyon.html","external_links_name":"Retrieved 23 March 2017."},{"Link":"https://projectsmok.bandcamp.com/album/bayview","external_links_name":"\"Bayview, by Project Smok\""},{"Link":"http://www.road-to-the-isles.org.uk/arisaig.php","external_links_name":"Road to the Isles information page on Arisaig"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070311021351/http://robinwilson.net/soundofarisaigcu/soundofarisaig.html","external_links_name":"Panorama of the Sound of Arisaig"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/144469966","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2007025430","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge532061&CON_LNG=ENG","external_links_name":"Czech Republic"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelyn_Scott_(activist)
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Evelyn Scott (activist)
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["1 Later life","2 In popular culture","3 References"]
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Australian educator and activist
DrEvelyn ScottAOBornEvelyn Ruth Backo1935Ingham, QueenslandDied21 September 2017(2017-09-21) (aged 81–82)North QueenslandPartnerAllen Scott
Evelyn Ruth Scott AO (1935 – 21 September 2017) was an Indigenous Australian social activist and educator.
She began working in the Townsville Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Advancement League in the 1960s. She was actively involved in campaigning for the 1967 Constitutional Referendum.
In 1971, she joined the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI) executive as a vice-president. She was a leader in the transformation of FCAATSI into an Indigenous-controlled organisation in 1973, with the support of Josie Briggs. She was active in the first national women's organisation, the National Aboriginal and Islander Council, formed in the early 1970s.
She became Chair of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation (CAR) in the late 1990s, at a challenging time when the federal government led by John Howard was cutting reconciliation funding.
Scott was inducted onto the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2001 and received the Centenary Medal in the same year. She was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2003 Australia Day Honours.
Scott was the mother of rugby league player Sam Backo.
Evelyn Scott School, in the Australian Capital Territory, was started in 2021.
Later life
In 2015, Scott was a resident in a care facility in Cairns. Scott died on 21 September 2017 aged 81. On 2 October 2017, Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk announced that a state funeral for Scott would be held in Townsville. On 6 October 2017, the state funeral was held at the Townsville Stadium and was attended by Premier Palaszczuk, Leeanne Enoch (the first Indigenous woman to serve as a minister in a Queensland Government) and many Indigenous community leaders. Senator Pat Dodson delivered a eulogy which described Scott's leading role in the 1967 referendum to recognise Indigenous Australians. Scott was the first Indigenous woman to receive a Queensland state funeral.
In popular culture
On the 28 May 2023, Dr. Scott was honoured with a Google Doodle featured on the Australian home page of the search engine. In Google's tribute to her, they acclaim her life as a tireless campaigner and unwavering leader, resulting in numerous achievements, awards, and honours. The Google Doodle features an illustrated design by Indigenous guest artist Samantha Campbell, who is descended from the Dagoman people from the country around Katherine in Australia's Northern Territory.
References
^ a b c "Evelyn Scott". National Museum of Australia. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^ a b "20 inspiring black women who have changed Australia". SBS. Archived from the original on 12 June 2016.
^ a b "From Dispossession to Reconciliation". Parliamentary Library. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^ "VICTORIAN HONOUR ROLL OF WOMEN: List of Inductees 2001 to 2011" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2019.
^ "Dr Evelyn Ruth Scott". It's an Honour. 1 January 2001. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
^ "Dr Evelyn Ruth Scott". It's an Honour. 26 January 2003. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
^ Gordon, Michael (27 May 2017). "Indigenous recognition: Sam Backo and the long road to a level playing field". Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017 – via The Sydney Morning Herald.
^ Lansdown, Sarah (28 January 2021). "Evelyn Scott School in Denman Prospect is a principal's dream". Retrieved 30 July 2021 – via The Canberra Times.
^ Matt Alison (10 July 2015). "Reconciliation: Dr Evelyn Scott's lifelong passion". Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
^ Corowa, Miriam (21 September 2017). "Dr Evelyn Scott, Indigenous rights activist and 'trailblazer', dies aged 81". ABC. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
^ Palaszczuk, Annastacia (2 October 2017). "The late Dr Evelyn Scott AO". The Queensland Cabinet and Ministerial Directory. Queensland Government. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
^ Abraham, Rhea (6 October 2017). "Indigenous activist Evelyn Scott hailed as key freedom fighter at state funeral in Townsville". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
^ Bennett, Adam (6 October 2017). "Queensland Indigenous activist Evelyn Scott remembered at state funeral". The Age. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
^ Grace-Curran, Olivia (7 October 2017). "Social justice trailblazer laid to rest". Townsville Bulletin. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
^ "Celebrating Evelyn Ruth Scott AO". www.google.com. Google. Retrieved 28 May 2023. Today's Doodle celebrates Indigenous Australian social activist, educator, and campaigner, Evelyn Ruth Scott AO. During National Reconciliation Week, we honor Evelyn who fought tirelessly for Indigenous rights.
^ "Illustrator Samantha Campbell". Samantha Campbell. Samantha Campbell. Retrieved 28 May 2023. Samantha Campbell is a published Children's Book Illustrator & Graphic Designer based in Alice Springs, Northern Territory. Samantha is descended from the Dagoman people from Katherine and as a child lived in remote Aboriginal communities across the Top End.
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
Australia
People
Australian Women's Register
Trove
This Indigenous Australians-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This biographical article about an Australian activist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"AO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_Australia"},{"link_name":"Indigenous Australian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_Australians"},{"link_name":"Townsville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Townsville"},{"link_name":"1967 Constitutional Referendum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_referendum,_1967_(Aboriginals)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NMA-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SBS-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Parliament-3"},{"link_name":"Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Council_for_the_Advancement_of_Aborigines_and_Torres_Strait_Islanders"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NMA-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SBS-2"},{"link_name":"Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_for_Aboriginal_Reconciliation"},{"link_name":"John Howard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Howard"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NMA-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Parliament-3"},{"link_name":"Victorian Honour Roll of Women","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Honour_Roll_of_Women"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Centenary Medal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centenary_Medal"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Order of Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Australia"},{"link_name":"2003 Australia Day Honours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Australia_Day_Honours"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"rugby league","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_league"},{"link_name":"Sam Backo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Backo"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Evelyn Scott School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelyn_Scott_School"},{"link_name":"Australian Capital Territory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Evelyn Ruth Scott AO (1935 – 21 September 2017) was an Indigenous Australian social activist and educator.She began working in the Townsville Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Advancement League in the 1960s. She was actively involved in campaigning for the 1967 Constitutional Referendum.[1][2][3]In 1971, she joined the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI) executive as a vice-president. She was a leader in the transformation of FCAATSI into an Indigenous-controlled organisation in 1973, with the support of Josie Briggs. She was active in the first national women's organisation, the National Aboriginal and Islander Council, formed in the early 1970s.[1][2]She became Chair of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation (CAR) in the late 1990s, at a challenging time when the federal government led by John Howard was cutting reconciliation funding.[1][3]Scott was inducted onto the Victorian Honour Roll of Women in 2001[4] and received the Centenary Medal in the same year.[5] She was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia in the 2003 Australia Day Honours.[6]Scott was the mother of rugby league player Sam Backo.[7]Evelyn Scott School, in the Australian Capital Territory, was started in 2021.[8]","title":"Evelyn Scott (activist)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Queensland Premier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland_Premier"},{"link_name":"Annastacia Palaszczuk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annastacia_Palaszczuk"},{"link_name":"state funeral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_funeral"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Townsville Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townsville_Stadium"},{"link_name":"Leeanne Enoch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeanne_Enoch"},{"link_name":"Queensland Government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland_Government"},{"link_name":"Pat Dodson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Dodson"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"In 2015, Scott was a resident in a care facility in Cairns.[9] Scott died on 21 September 2017 aged 81.[10] On 2 October 2017, Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk announced that a state funeral for Scott would be held in Townsville.[11] On 6 October 2017, the state funeral was held at the Townsville Stadium and was attended by Premier Palaszczuk, Leeanne Enoch (the first Indigenous woman to serve as a minister in a Queensland Government) and many Indigenous community leaders. Senator Pat Dodson delivered a eulogy which described Scott's leading role in the 1967 referendum to recognise Indigenous Australians.[12][13] Scott was the first Indigenous woman to receive a Queensland state funeral.[14]","title":"Later life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Google Doodle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Doodle"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Samantha Campbell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samantha_Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Dagoman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagoman"},{"link_name":"Katherine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine,_Northern_Territory"},{"link_name":"Northern Territory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Territory"}],"text":"On the 28 May 2023, Dr. Scott was honoured with a Google Doodle featured on the Australian home page of the search engine. In Google's tribute to her, they acclaim her life as a tireless campaigner and unwavering leader, resulting in numerous achievements, awards, and honours.[15] The Google Doodle features an illustrated design by Indigenous guest artist Samantha Campbell,[16] who is descended from the Dagoman people from the country around Katherine in Australia's Northern Territory.","title":"In popular culture"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Evelyn Scott\". National Museum of Australia. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://indigenousrights.net.au/people/pagination/evelyn_scott","url_text":"\"Evelyn Scott\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160308123049/http://indigenousrights.net.au/people/pagination/evelyn_scott","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"20 inspiring black women who have changed Australia\". SBS. Archived from the original on 12 June 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160612170929/http://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/nitv-news/article/2015/03/06/20-inspiring-black-women-who-have-changed-australia","url_text":"\"20 inspiring black women who have changed Australia\""},{"url":"http://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/nitv-news/article/2015/03/06/20-inspiring-black-women-who-have-changed-australia","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"From Dispossession to Reconciliation\". Parliamentary Library. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp9899/99Rp27","url_text":"\"From Dispossession to Reconciliation\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160308114625/http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp9899/99Rp27","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"VICTORIAN HONOUR ROLL OF WOMEN: List of Inductees 2001 to 2011\" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.whise.org.au/assets/docs/policy/Victorian%20Honour%20Roll%20of%20Women%202001-%202011.pdf","url_text":"\"VICTORIAN HONOUR ROLL OF WOMEN: List of Inductees 2001 to 2011\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190305063250/https://www.whise.org.au/assets/docs/policy/Victorian%20Honour%20Roll%20of%20Women%202001-%202011.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Dr Evelyn Ruth Scott\". It's an Honour. 1 January 2001. Retrieved 2 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1128226","url_text":"\"Dr Evelyn Ruth Scott\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dr Evelyn Ruth Scott\". It's an Honour. 26 January 2003. Retrieved 2 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1042133","url_text":"\"Dr Evelyn Ruth Scott\""}]},{"reference":"Gordon, Michael (27 May 2017). \"Indigenous recognition: Sam Backo and the long road to a level playing field\". Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017 – via The Sydney Morning Herald.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/indigenous-recognition-sam-backo-and-the-long-road-to-a-level-playing-field-20170525-gwditu.html","url_text":"\"Indigenous recognition: Sam Backo and the long road to a level playing field\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170921152802/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/indigenous-recognition-sam-backo-and-the-long-road-to-a-level-playing-field-20170525-gwditu.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Lansdown, Sarah (28 January 2021). \"Evelyn Scott School in Denman Prospect is a principal's dream\". Retrieved 30 July 2021 – via The Canberra Times.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7100386/denman-prospects-new-future-focused-school-is-principals-dream/","url_text":"\"Evelyn Scott School in Denman Prospect is a principal's dream\""}]},{"reference":"Matt Alison (10 July 2015). \"Reconciliation: Dr Evelyn Scott's lifelong passion\". Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://theblueroom.bupa.com.au/caring/considering-care/celebrating-dr-evelyn-scott-one-of-our-greats/","url_text":"\"Reconciliation: Dr Evelyn Scott's lifelong passion\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171005002119/http://theblueroom.bupa.com.au/caring/considering-care/celebrating-dr-evelyn-scott-one-of-our-greats/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Corowa, Miriam (21 September 2017). \"Dr Evelyn Scott, Indigenous rights activist and 'trailblazer', dies aged 81\". ABC. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-21/dr-evelyn-scott-indigenous-rights-campaigner-dies-aged-81/8967192","url_text":"\"Dr Evelyn Scott, Indigenous rights activist and 'trailblazer', dies aged 81\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170921151343/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-21/dr-evelyn-scott-indigenous-rights-campaigner-dies-aged-81/8967192","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Palaszczuk, Annastacia (2 October 2017). \"The late Dr Evelyn Scott AO\". The Queensland Cabinet and Ministerial Directory. Queensland Government. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2017/10/2/the-late-dr-evelyn-scott-ao","url_text":"\"The late Dr Evelyn Scott AO\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland_Government","url_text":"Queensland Government"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171005001509/http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2017/10/2/the-late-dr-evelyn-scott-ao","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Abraham, Rhea (6 October 2017). \"Indigenous activist Evelyn Scott hailed as key freedom fighter at state funeral in Townsville\". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-06/dr-evelyn-scott-state-funeral-townsville-qld/9021828","url_text":"\"Indigenous activist Evelyn Scott hailed as key freedom fighter at state funeral in Townsville\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation","url_text":"Australian Broadcasting Corporation"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171007000738/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-06/dr-evelyn-scott-state-funeral-townsville-qld/9021828","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Bennett, Adam (6 October 2017). \"Queensland Indigenous activist Evelyn Scott remembered at state funeral\". The Age. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.theage.com.au/queensland/queensland-indigenous-activist-evelyn-scott-remembered-at-state-funeral-20171006-p4ywbm.html","url_text":"\"Queensland Indigenous activist Evelyn Scott remembered at state funeral\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Age","url_text":"The Age"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171007001307/http://www.theage.com.au/queensland/queensland-indigenous-activist-evelyn-scott-remembered-at-state-funeral-20171006-p4ywbm.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Grace-Curran, Olivia (7 October 2017). \"Social justice trailblazer laid to rest\". Townsville Bulletin. Retrieved 7 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.townsvillebulletin.com.au/news/social-justice-trailblazer-laid-to-rest/news-story/52016bb9bd01776863a4bc633125a913","url_text":"\"Social justice trailblazer laid to rest\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townsville_Bulletin","url_text":"Townsville Bulletin"}]},{"reference":"\"Celebrating Evelyn Ruth Scott AO\". www.google.com. Google. Retrieved 28 May 2023. Today's Doodle celebrates Indigenous Australian social activist, educator, and campaigner, Evelyn Ruth Scott AO. During National Reconciliation Week, we honor Evelyn who fought tirelessly for Indigenous rights.","urls":[{"url":"https://doodles.google/doodle/celebrating-evelyn-ruth-scott-ao/","url_text":"\"Celebrating Evelyn Ruth Scott AO\""}]},{"reference":"\"Illustrator Samantha Campbell\". Samantha Campbell. Samantha Campbell. Retrieved 28 May 2023. Samantha Campbell is a published Children's Book Illustrator & Graphic Designer based in Alice Springs, Northern Territory. Samantha is descended from the Dagoman people from Katherine and as a child lived in remote Aboriginal communities across the Top End.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.samanthacampbell.com.au/blank","url_text":"\"Illustrator Samantha Campbell\""}]}]
|
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Scott\""},{"Link":"http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/indigenous-recognition-sam-backo-and-the-long-road-to-a-level-playing-field-20170525-gwditu.html","external_links_name":"\"Indigenous recognition: Sam Backo and the long road to a level playing field\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170921152802/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/indigenous-recognition-sam-backo-and-the-long-road-to-a-level-playing-field-20170525-gwditu.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7100386/denman-prospects-new-future-focused-school-is-principals-dream/","external_links_name":"\"Evelyn Scott School in Denman Prospect is a principal's dream\""},{"Link":"https://theblueroom.bupa.com.au/caring/considering-care/celebrating-dr-evelyn-scott-one-of-our-greats/","external_links_name":"\"Reconciliation: Dr Evelyn Scott's lifelong passion\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171005002119/http://theblueroom.bupa.com.au/caring/considering-care/celebrating-dr-evelyn-scott-one-of-our-greats/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-21/dr-evelyn-scott-indigenous-rights-campaigner-dies-aged-81/8967192","external_links_name":"\"Dr Evelyn Scott, Indigenous rights activist and 'trailblazer', dies aged 81\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170921151343/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-21/dr-evelyn-scott-indigenous-rights-campaigner-dies-aged-81/8967192","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2017/10/2/the-late-dr-evelyn-scott-ao","external_links_name":"\"The late Dr Evelyn Scott AO\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171005001509/http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2017/10/2/the-late-dr-evelyn-scott-ao","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-06/dr-evelyn-scott-state-funeral-townsville-qld/9021828","external_links_name":"\"Indigenous activist Evelyn Scott hailed as key freedom fighter at state funeral in Townsville\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171007000738/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-06/dr-evelyn-scott-state-funeral-townsville-qld/9021828","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.theage.com.au/queensland/queensland-indigenous-activist-evelyn-scott-remembered-at-state-funeral-20171006-p4ywbm.html","external_links_name":"\"Queensland Indigenous activist Evelyn Scott remembered at state funeral\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171007001307/http://www.theage.com.au/queensland/queensland-indigenous-activist-evelyn-scott-remembered-at-state-funeral-20171006-p4ywbm.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.townsvillebulletin.com.au/news/social-justice-trailblazer-laid-to-rest/news-story/52016bb9bd01776863a4bc633125a913","external_links_name":"\"Social justice trailblazer laid to rest\""},{"Link":"https://doodles.google/doodle/celebrating-evelyn-ruth-scott-ao/","external_links_name":"\"Celebrating Evelyn Ruth Scott AO\""},{"Link":"https://www.samanthacampbell.com.au/blank","external_links_name":"\"Illustrator Samantha Campbell\""},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/11148389263510711019","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an58772020","external_links_name":"Australia"},{"Link":"http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE6108b.htm","external_links_name":"Australian Women's Register"},{"Link":"https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1776082","external_links_name":"Trove"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evelyn_Scott_(activist)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evelyn_Scott_(activist)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasparilla_Inn_%26_Club
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Gasparilla Inn & Club
|
["1 References","2 External links"]
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Coordinates: 26°45′8″N 82°15′39″W / 26.75222°N 82.26083°W / 26.75222; -82.26083
United States historic placeGasparilla Inn Historic DistrictU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesU.S. Historic district
Show map of FloridaShow map of the United StatesLocation500 Palm Ave., Boca Grande, Florida, USACoordinates26°45′8″N 82°15′39″W / 26.75222°N 82.26083°W / 26.75222; -82.26083Area25 acres (10 ha)Built1912ArchitectFrancis KennardArchitectural styleClassical RevivalNRHP reference No.08000205Added to NRHPMarch 18, 2008
The Gasparilla Inn & Club is a historic hotel at 500 Palm Avenue on Gasparilla Island in Boca Grande, Florida.
The Gasparilla Inn is one of the largest surviving resort hotels in Florida, constructed originally for wealthy northerners in the early 20th century, during the time when the state became a travel and vacation destination.
The inn is a two-and-a-half-story hotel building. Its first section was built in 1911; it was expanded in 1912 and in 1915. Its Classical Revival-style portico was added around 1931. Its original beach club was destroyed in a hurricane in 1921; the new beach club was added in 1928, and an 18-hole golf course was added next.
The Gasparilla Inn Historic District is a 25 acres (10 ha) historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. It includes the inn, ten guest cottages built between 1915 and 1933, "two housekeeping maintenance sheds, also constructed in 1933, and two historic sites, a croquet court, and holes five and six of the historic 18-hole golf course both of which were constructed c. 1930 on the grounds at the rear of the Inn."
It includes, as non-contributing resources, the Mallet Club Croquet House and croquet courts to the northeast of the Inn and north of holes
five and six of the golf course. The Croquet House incorporates a section of what was originally the Fletcher House, moved in the 1980s from Gilchrist Avenue in Boca Grande.
The hotel is a member of the Historic Hotels of America.
References
^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013.
^ a b c d Mikki Hartig; Carl Shiver (February 2008). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Gasparilla Inn Historic District / Gasparilla Inn & Club". National Park Service. Retrieved April 28, 2020. With accompanying pictures
^ a b "History of Gaspirilla Inn". Archived from the original on May 4, 2010. Retrieved April 28, 2020. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 4, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "The Gasparilla Inn & Club: History". Historic Hotels of America. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
^ "The Gasparilla Inn & Club". Historic Hotels of America. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
External links
Media related to Gasparilla Inn Historic District at Wikimedia Commons
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[{"reference":"\"National Register Information System\". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. November 2, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP","url_text":"\"National Register Information System\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places","url_text":"National Register of Historic Places"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service","url_text":"National Park Service"}]},{"reference":"Mikki Hartig; Carl Shiver (February 2008). \"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Gasparilla Inn Historic District / Gasparilla Inn & Club\". National Park Service. Retrieved April 28, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/08000205_text","url_text":"\"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Gasparilla Inn Historic District / Gasparilla Inn & Club\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service","url_text":"National Park Service"}]},{"reference":"\"History of Gaspirilla Inn\". Archived from the original on May 4, 2010. Retrieved April 28, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100504223143/http://www.the-gasparilla-inn.com/about_history.php","url_text":"\"History of Gaspirilla Inn\""},{"url":"http://www.the-gasparilla-inn.com/about_history.php","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on May 4, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100504223143/http://www.the-gasparilla-inn.com/about_history.php","url_text":"\"Archived copy\""},{"url":"http://www.the-gasparilla-inn.com/about_history.php","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"The Gasparilla Inn & Club: History\". Historic Hotels of America. Retrieved April 28, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.historichotels.org/hotels-resorts/the-gasparilla-inn-and-club/history.php","url_text":"\"The Gasparilla Inn & Club: History\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_Hotels_of_America","url_text":"Historic Hotels of America"}]},{"reference":"\"The Gasparilla Inn & Club\". Historic Hotels of America. Retrieved April 28, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.historichotels.org/hotels-resorts/the-gasparilla-inn-and-club/","url_text":"\"The Gasparilla Inn & Club\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_Hotels_of_America","url_text":"Historic Hotels of America"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gasparilla_Inn_%26_Club¶ms=26_45_8_N_82_15_39_W_type:landmark_region:US-FL","external_links_name":"26°45′8″N 82°15′39″W / 26.75222°N 82.26083°W / 26.75222; -82.26083"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gasparilla_Inn_%26_Club¶ms=26_45_8_N_82_15_39_W_type:landmark_region:US-FL","external_links_name":"26°45′8″N 82°15′39″W / 26.75222°N 82.26083°W / 26.75222; -82.26083"},{"Link":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/08000205","external_links_name":"08000205"},{"Link":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP","external_links_name":"\"National Register Information System\""},{"Link":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/08000205_text","external_links_name":"\"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Gasparilla Inn Historic District / Gasparilla Inn & Club\""},{"Link":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/08000205_photos","external_links_name":"accompanying pictures"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100504223143/http://www.the-gasparilla-inn.com/about_history.php","external_links_name":"\"History of Gaspirilla Inn\""},{"Link":"http://www.the-gasparilla-inn.com/about_history.php","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100504223143/http://www.the-gasparilla-inn.com/about_history.php","external_links_name":"\"Archived copy\""},{"Link":"http://www.the-gasparilla-inn.com/about_history.php","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.historichotels.org/hotels-resorts/the-gasparilla-inn-and-club/history.php","external_links_name":"\"The Gasparilla Inn & Club: History\""},{"Link":"https://www.historichotels.org/hotels-resorts/the-gasparilla-inn-and-club/","external_links_name":"\"The Gasparilla Inn & Club\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gasparilla_Inn_%26_Club&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan_Cunningham_(coach)
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Logan Cunningham (coach)
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["1 Biography","2 Head coaching record","3 References","4 External links"]
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American football player and coach (1887–1964)
Logan CunninghamBiographical detailsBorn(1887-02-22)February 22, 1887DiedNovember 1964Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.Playing career1909Princeton
Position(s)Halfback, fullbackCoaching career (HC unless noted)1911Princeton (freshmen)1912Princeton1916North Carolina (assistant)
Head coaching recordOverall7–1–1
Logan Cunningham (February 22, 1887 – November 1964) was an American college football coach. He was the head football coach at Princeton University in 1912.
Biography
A native of Washington, D.C., Cunningham attended Wesleyan University in Connecticut for two years before transferring to Princeton University. At Princeton, he played on the football team as a halfback and fullback, and was considered an expert drop kicker. He also played on the baseball team as a pitcher. Cunningham studied civil engineering and graduated in 1911.
In 1911, Cunningham coached the freshman team at his alma mater and also mentored the varsity team in the art of drop kicking. After Princeton head coach Bill Roper resigned to focus on his business, the school offered the job to Eddie Hart, but he declined the full-time position. Cunningham accepted the job, and guided the Tigers to a 7–1–1 record in his only season at the helm. Cunningham was invited to return as head coach in 1913, but declined to attend to "business duties".
Cunningham enlisted in the Pennsylvania National Guard in 1913 and served on the Mexican border as an artilleryman. In 1916, he was an assistant coach under Doggie Trenchard at the University of North Carolina. In the Fall of 1917, he was commissioned as a first lieutenant at Camp Hancock in Augusta, Georgia, and served in the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps. On March 30, 1918, he was seriously hurt in an aircraft accident at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, suffering a dislocated hip and fractured arm. By February 1919, he had returned to civilian life and was working at the Williamsport Wirerope Works in Williamsport, Pennsylvania.
Head coaching record
Year
Team
Overall
Conference
Standing
Bowl/playoffs
Princeton Tigers (Independent) (1912)
1912
Princeton
7–1–1
Princeton:
7–1–1
Total:
7–1–1
References
^ a b c d Former Tiger Player to Drill Old Nassau Football Team This Season, The New York Times, September 4, 1912.
^ Alumni Record of Wesleyan university, Fifth Edition, Wesleyan University, 1921.
^ a b c d e Princeton Alumni Weekly, Volume XVIII, No. 26, p. 588, Princeton University Press, April 10, 1918.
^ Catalogue, p. 384, Princeton University, 1911.
^ Logan Cunningham Records by Year Archived 2010-02-14 at the Wayback Machine, College Football Data Warehouse, retrieved January 17, 2011.
^ TIGER FOOTBALL COACHES.; Princeton Selects Bluethenthal and Andrews to Drill Eleven, The New York Times, April 15, 1913.
^ News of Athletic Activities at the Colleges, The New York Times, February 1, 1916.
^ The Princeton Alumni Weekly, Volume XIX, No. 1, p. 363, Princeton University Press, February 12, 1919.
External links
Logan Cunningham at Find a Grave
vtePrinceton Tigers head football coaches
No coach (1869–1870)
No team (1871)
No coach (1872–1895)
Franklin Morse (1896)
No coach (1897–1900)
Langdon Lea (1901)
Garrett Cochran (1902)
Art Hillebrand (1903–1905)
Bill Roper (1906–1908)
Jim McCormick (1909)
Bill Roper (1910–1911)
Logan Cunningham (1912)
Walter G. Andrews (1913)
Wilder Penfield (1914)
John H. Rush (1915–1916)
Keene Fitzpatrick (1917–1918)
Bill Roper (1919–1930)
Albert Wittmer (1931)
Fritz Crisler (1932–1937)
Tad Wieman (1938–1942)
Harry Mahnken (1943–1944)
Charlie Caldwell (1945–1956)
Dick Colman (1957–1968)
Jake McCandless (1969–1972)
Robert Casciola (1973–1977)
Frank Navarro (1978–1984)
Ron Rogerson (1985–1986)
Steve Tosches (1987–1999)
Roger Hughes (2000–2009)
Bob Surace (2010–2019)
No team (2020)
Bob Surace (2021– )
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"college football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_football"},{"link_name":"Princeton University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University"}],"text":"Logan Cunningham (February 22, 1887 – November 1964) was an American college football coach. He was the head football coach at Princeton University in 1912.","title":"Logan Cunningham (coach)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Washington, D.C.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C."},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-drill-1"},{"link_name":"Wesleyan University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesleyan_University"},{"link_name":"Princeton University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_Tigers_football"},{"link_name":"halfback","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfback_(American_football)"},{"link_name":"fullback","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullback_(gridiron_football)"},{"link_name":"drop kicker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drop_kick"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-drill-1"},{"link_name":"baseball team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_Tigers_baseball"},{"link_name":"pitcher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitcher"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-avn-3"},{"link_name":"civil engineering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineering"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-avn-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-drill-1"},{"link_name":"Bill Roper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Roper_(American_football)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-drill-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cfbdw-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Pennsylvania National Guard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_National_Guard"},{"link_name":"Mexican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico"},{"link_name":"artilleryman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_Artillery_Branch_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-avn-3"},{"link_name":"Doggie Trenchard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doggie_Trenchard"},{"link_name":"University of North Carolina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Augusta, Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Aviation Section","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation_Section,_U.S._Signal_Corps"},{"link_name":"Signal Corps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_Corps_(United_States_Army)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-avn-3"},{"link_name":"Fort Sill, Oklahoma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Sill,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-avn-3"},{"link_name":"Williamsport, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamsport,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"A native of Washington, D.C.,[1] Cunningham attended Wesleyan University in Connecticut for two years before transferring to Princeton University.[2] At Princeton, he played on the football team as a halfback and fullback, and was considered an expert drop kicker.[1] He also played on the baseball team as a pitcher.[3] Cunningham studied civil engineering and graduated in 1911.[3][4]In 1911, Cunningham coached the freshman team at his alma mater and also mentored the varsity team in the art of drop kicking.[1] After Princeton head coach Bill Roper resigned to focus on his business, the school offered the job to Eddie Hart, but he declined the full-time position.[1] Cunningham accepted the job, and guided the Tigers to a 7–1–1 record in his only season at the helm.[5] Cunningham was invited to return as head coach in 1913, but declined to attend to \"business duties\".[6]Cunningham enlisted in the Pennsylvania National Guard in 1913 and served on the Mexican border as an artilleryman.[3] In 1916, he was an assistant coach under Doggie Trenchard at the University of North Carolina.[7] In the Fall of 1917, he was commissioned as a first lieutenant at Camp Hancock in Augusta, Georgia, and served in the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps.[3] On March 30, 1918, he was seriously hurt in an aircraft accident at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, suffering a dislocated hip and fractured arm.[3] By February 1919, he had returned to civilian life and was working at the Williamsport Wirerope Works in Williamsport, Pennsylvania.[8]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Head coaching record"}]
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[]
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[{"Link":"https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0710F8395813738DDDAD0894D1405B828DF1D3","external_links_name":"Former Tiger Player to Drill Old Nassau Football Team This Season"},{"Link":"http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/conn-wesleyan-university-middletown/alumni-record-of-wesleyan-university-middletown-conn-hci/page-93-alumni-record-of-wesleyan-university-middletown-conn-hci.shtml","external_links_name":"Alumni Record of Wesleyan university, Fifth Edition"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=fW1IAAAAYAAJ","external_links_name":"Princeton Alumni Weekly, Volume XVIII, No. 26"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=9jwdAQAAIAAJ","external_links_name":"Catalogue"},{"Link":"http://www.cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/coaching/alltime_coach_year_by_year.php?coachid=505","external_links_name":"Logan Cunningham Records by Year"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100214152224/http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/coaching/alltime_coach_year_by_year.php?coachid=505","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/1913/04/15/archives/tiger-football-coaches-princeton-selects-bluethenthal-and-andrews.html","external_links_name":"TIGER FOOTBALL COACHES.; Princeton Selects Bluethenthal and Andrews to Drill Eleven"},{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/1916/02/01/archives/news-of-athletic-activities-at-the-colleges.html","external_links_name":"News of Athletic Activities at the Colleges"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=8mxIAAAAYAAJ","external_links_name":"The Princeton Alumni Weekly, Volume XIX, No. 1"},{"Link":"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/182466338","external_links_name":"Logan Cunningham"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarthang_Tulku
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Tarthang Tulku
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["1 Biography","2 Publications","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"]
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This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (December 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Tarthang Tulku Rinpoche at a Vesak celebration arranged by the White House Office in May 2021
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vte
Tarthang Tulku Rinpoche (Tibetan: དར་ཐང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ, Wylie: Dar-thang Sprul-sku Rin-po-che) (born 1934) is a Tibetan Vajrayana teacher and lama who introduced the Nyingma school tradition of Tibetan Buddhism to the United States. Tarthang Tulku works to preserve the buddhadharma, the art and the culture of Tibet. He oversees various projects including Dharma Publishing, Yeshe-De, Tibetan Aid Project, the annual Nyingma school Monlam Chenmo World Peace Ceremony in Bodhgaya, and the construction of the Odiyan Copper Mountain Mandala. Tarthang Tulku also introduced Kum Nye to the West.
Biography
As one of the last remaining lamas to have received a complete Buddhist education in pre-1959 Tibet, Tarthang Tulku left Tibet and taught in Benares, India, until emigrating to the United States of America in 1969 with his wife, the poet Nazli Nour. After settling in Berkeley, CA they established the Tibetan Aid Project (TAP) which serves the needs of the Tibetan refugee community.
In 1963, Tarthang Tulku founded Dharma Publishing in Varanasi, India. In 1971, the publishing house moved to California. The main purpose of Dharma Publishing is to preserve and distribute Tibetan Buddhist teachings and to bring these teachings to the West.
Tarthang Tulku established the Nyingma Institute in 1972. Sister organizations have been established in Brazil, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK. The various institutes offer classes, workshops, and retreats based on the books of Tarthang Tulku, with the main intent of spreading the teachings of the Buddha to the West.
In 1983, Tarthang Tulku established the Yeshe De project, with the purpose of preserving and distributing sacred Tibetan texts in collaboration with the Tibetan Aid Project. These texts are distributed to Buddhist monks, nuns, and laypeople at the annual World Peace Ceremony, which Tarthang Tulku started in 1990 to bring the various Buddhist communities from across Asia to celebrate together at Bodh Gaya, in India. The World Peace Ceremony and the work of Yeshe De have and the Tibetan Aid Project have resulted in over 20 million texts being given away to practitioners in the Buddhist community over the last 18 years.
Tarthang Tulku has written over 40 books covering a wide variety of topics, including meditation, Kum Nye, Nyingma Buddhist psychology, skillful means (bringing Buddhist practices to the workplace), and the Time, Space, and Knowledge series.
Among Tarthang Tulku's current projects is the Mangalam Research Center for Buddhist Languages. Also, in the fall of 2012 he opened Dharma College, "committed to igniting personal and global transformation by helping people unlock the power of their minds."
Publications
Sacred Art of Tibet (1972)
Calm and Clear: The Wheel of Analytic Meditation. Instructions on Vision in the Middle Way by Lama Mipham (1973)
Reflections of Mind: Western Psychology Meets Tibetan Buddhism (Nyingma Psychology Series) (Editor) (1975)
Gesture of Balance: A Guide to Self-Healing & Meditation (Nyingma Psychology Series)(1977)
Time, Space & Knowledge: A New Vision of Reality (Time, Space, and Knowledge Series) (1977)
Skillful Means: Patterns for Success (Nyingma Psychology Series) (1978)
Skillful Means: Gentle Ways to Successful Work (1978)
Kum Nye Relaxation Part 1: Theory, Preparation, Massage (Nyingma Psychology Series) (1978)
Kum Nye Relaxation Part 2: Movement Exercises (1978)
Dimensions of Thought (Editor) (1980)
Hidden Mind of Freedom (Nyingma Psychology Series) (1981)
Knowledge of Freedom: Time to Change (Nyingma Psychology Series) (1984)
Ancient Tibet (1986)
Love of Knowledge (Time, Space, and Knowledge Series) (1987)
Knowledge of Time & Space: An Inquiry into Knowledge, Self & Reality (Time, Space and Knowledge Series) (1990)
Openness Mind: Self-knowledge and Inner Peace through Meditation (Nyingma Psychology Series) (1990)
Mandala Gardens (1991)
Visions of Knowledge: Liberation of Modern Mind (Perspectives on Time, Space & Knowledge) (1993)
Mastering Successful Work: Skillful Means: Wake Up! (1994)
Dynamics of Time and Space: Transcending Limits on Knowledge (1994)
Sacred Dimensions of Time & Space (Time, Space, and Knowledge) (1997)
Teachings from the Heart (1998)
Enlightenment Is a Choice: The Beauty of the Dharma (1998)
Mind over Matter: Reflections on Buddhism in the West (2002)
Tibetan Relaxation: Kum Nye Massage and Movement (2003)
Milking the Painted Cow: The Creative Power of Mind & the Shape of Reality in Light of the Buddhist Tradition (2005)
The Joy of Being: Advanced Kum Nye Practices for Relaxation, Integration and Concentration (2006)
Tibetan Meditation: Practical teachings and step-by-step exercises on how to live in harmony, peace, and happiness (2006)
Tibetan Relaxation: The Illustrated Guide to Kum Nye Massage and Movement - A Yoga from the Tibetan Tradition (2007)
Kum Nye Tibetan Yoga: A Complete Guide to Health and Wellbeing, 115 Exercises & Massages (2007)
A Garland of Flowers: Beauty of the Odiyan Mandala (2008)
Kum Nye Dancing: Introducing the Mind to the Treasures the Body Offers (2012)
Lotus Mandala: Sacred Garden (2012)
Revelations of Mind (2013)
Lotus Body (2016)
Lotus Language (2016)
Lotus Mind (2016)
Love of Beauty: Copper Mountain Mandala of Odiyan (2016)
Keys of Knowledge (2016)
Dimensions of Mind (2016)
Challenging Journey, Creative Journey (2017)
Treasures of Dharma: Certainty of Knowledge, Perfect for Liberation (2017)
Thoughts on Transmission: Knowingness Transforms Causal Conditions (2017)
Caring (2018)
Quotes (2018)
Quotes 2 (2018)
The Fourth of July: New Dimensions of Freedom (publication date unknown)
Gesture of Great Love: Light of Liberation (2022)
See also
Tibetan American
References
^ Prebish, Charles S. (1998). The Faces of Buddhism in America. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520213012.
^ a b c d e Our Founder
^ a b c Our History
^ Nyingma Institute, Berkeley, https://nyingmainstitute.com/our-founder/
^ Tarthang Tulku Archived 2010-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
^ a b About Dharma Publishing
^ "Our Mission". Tibetan Aid Project. Tibetan Aid Project. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
^ "Mission & Vision | Dharma College". dharma-college.com. Archived from the original on 2013-07-15.
External links
Nyingma Institute
Nyingma Trust
Odiyan Country Center
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
VIAF
National
Spain
France
BnF data
Catalonia
Germany
United States
Sweden
Czech Republic
Korea
Netherlands
Poland
Other
IdRef
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[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Venerable_Tarthang_Tulku_Rinpoche_2021_05.jpg"},{"link_name":"Vesak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesak"},{"link_name":"White House Office","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Office"},{"link_name":"Tibetan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script"},{"link_name":"Wylie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliteration"},{"link_name":"Tibetan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet"},{"link_name":"Vajrayana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajrayana"},{"link_name":"lama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama"},{"link_name":"Nyingma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyingma"},{"link_name":"Tibetan Buddhism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-founder-2"},{"link_name":"buddhadharma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhadharma"},{"link_name":"Tibet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet"},{"link_name":"Tibetan Aid Project","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Aid_Project"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-aid-3"},{"link_name":"Bodhgaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhgaya"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Kum Nye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kum_Nye"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Tarthang Tulku Rinpoche at a Vesak celebration arranged by the White House Office in May 2021Tarthang Tulku Rinpoche (Tibetan: དར་ཐང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ, Wylie: Dar-thang Sprul-sku Rin-po-che) (born 1934) is a Tibetan Vajrayana teacher and lama who introduced the Nyingma school tradition of Tibetan Buddhism to the United States.[1][2] Tarthang Tulku works to preserve the buddhadharma, the art and the culture of Tibet. He oversees various projects including Dharma Publishing, Yeshe-De, Tibetan Aid Project,[3] the annual Nyingma school Monlam Chenmo World Peace Ceremony in Bodhgaya,[4] and the construction of the Odiyan Copper Mountain Mandala. Tarthang Tulku also introduced Kum Nye to the West.[5]","title":"Tarthang Tulku"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"lamas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-founder-2"},{"link_name":"Benares","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benares"},{"link_name":"India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-founder-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-founder-2"},{"link_name":"Berkeley, CA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley,_CA"},{"link_name":"Tibetan Aid Project","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Aid_Project"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-aid-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-aid-3"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-publish-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-publish-6"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-founder-2"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Tibetan_Aid_Project-7"},{"link_name":"Bodh Gaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodh_Gaya"},{"link_name":"Kum Nye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kum_Nye"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"As one of the last remaining lamas to have received a complete Buddhist education in pre-1959 Tibet,[2] Tarthang Tulku left Tibet and taught in Benares, India,[2] until emigrating to the United States of America in 1969[2] with his wife, the poet Nazli Nour. After settling in Berkeley, CA they established the Tibetan Aid Project (TAP)[3] which serves the needs of the Tibetan refugee community.[3]In 1963, Tarthang Tulku founded Dharma Publishing in Varanasi, India.[6] In 1971, the publishing house moved to California.[6] The main purpose of Dharma Publishing is to preserve and distribute Tibetan Buddhist teachings and to bring these teachings to the West.Tarthang Tulku established the Nyingma Institute in 1972.[2] Sister organizations have been established in Brazil, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK. The various institutes offer classes, workshops, and retreats based on the books of Tarthang Tulku, with the main intent of spreading the teachings of the Buddha to the West.In 1983, Tarthang Tulku established the Yeshe De project, with the purpose of preserving and distributing sacred Tibetan texts in collaboration with the Tibetan Aid Project.[7] These texts are distributed to Buddhist monks, nuns, and laypeople at the annual World Peace Ceremony, which Tarthang Tulku started in 1990 to bring the various Buddhist communities from across Asia to celebrate together at Bodh Gaya, in India. The World Peace Ceremony and the work of Yeshe De have and the Tibetan Aid Project have resulted in over 20 million texts being given away to practitioners in the Buddhist community over the last 18 years.Tarthang Tulku has written over 40 books covering a wide variety of topics, including meditation, Kum Nye, Nyingma Buddhist psychology, skillful means (bringing Buddhist practices to the workplace), and the Time, Space, and Knowledge series.Among Tarthang Tulku's current projects is the Mangalam Research Center for Buddhist Languages. Also, in the fall of 2012 he opened Dharma College, \"committed to igniting personal and global transformation by helping people unlock the power of their minds.\"[8]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Sacred Art of Tibet (1972)\nCalm and Clear: The Wheel of Analytic Meditation. Instructions on Vision in the Middle Way by Lama Mipham (1973)\nReflections of Mind: Western Psychology Meets Tibetan Buddhism (Nyingma Psychology Series) (Editor) (1975)\nGesture of Balance: A Guide to Self-Healing & Meditation (Nyingma Psychology Series)(1977)\nTime, Space & Knowledge: A New Vision of Reality (Time, Space, and Knowledge Series) (1977)\nSkillful Means: Patterns for Success (Nyingma Psychology Series) (1978)\nSkillful Means: Gentle Ways to Successful Work (1978)\nKum Nye Relaxation Part 1: Theory, Preparation, Massage (Nyingma Psychology Series) (1978)\nKum Nye Relaxation Part 2: Movement Exercises (1978)\nDimensions of Thought (Editor) (1980)\nHidden Mind of Freedom (Nyingma Psychology Series) (1981)\nKnowledge of Freedom: Time to Change (Nyingma Psychology Series) (1984)\nAncient Tibet (1986)\nLove of Knowledge (Time, Space, and Knowledge Series) (1987)\nKnowledge of Time & Space: An Inquiry into Knowledge, Self & Reality (Time, Space and Knowledge Series) (1990)\nOpenness Mind: Self-knowledge and Inner Peace through Meditation (Nyingma Psychology Series) (1990)\nMandala Gardens (1991)\nVisions of Knowledge: Liberation of Modern Mind (Perspectives on Time, Space & Knowledge) (1993)\nMastering Successful Work: Skillful Means: Wake Up! (1994)\nDynamics of Time and Space: Transcending Limits on Knowledge (1994)\nSacred Dimensions of Time & Space (Time, Space, and Knowledge) (1997)\nTeachings from the Heart (1998)\nEnlightenment Is a Choice: The Beauty of the Dharma (1998)\nMind over Matter: Reflections on Buddhism in the West (2002)\nTibetan Relaxation: Kum Nye Massage and Movement (2003)\nMilking the Painted Cow: The Creative Power of Mind & the Shape of Reality in Light of the Buddhist Tradition (2005)\nThe Joy of Being: Advanced Kum Nye Practices for Relaxation, Integration and Concentration (2006)\nTibetan Meditation: Practical teachings and step-by-step exercises on how to live in harmony, peace, and happiness (2006)\nTibetan Relaxation: The Illustrated Guide to Kum Nye Massage and Movement - A Yoga from the Tibetan Tradition (2007)\nKum Nye Tibetan Yoga: A Complete Guide to Health and Wellbeing, 115 Exercises & Massages (2007)\nA Garland of Flowers: Beauty of the Odiyan Mandala (2008)\nKum Nye Dancing: Introducing the Mind to the Treasures the Body Offers (2012)\nLotus Mandala: Sacred Garden (2012)\nRevelations of Mind (2013)\nLotus Body (2016)\nLotus Language (2016)\nLotus Mind (2016)\nLove of Beauty: Copper Mountain Mandala of Odiyan (2016)\nKeys of Knowledge (2016)\nDimensions of Mind (2016)\nChallenging Journey, Creative Journey (2017)\nTreasures of Dharma: Certainty of Knowledge, Perfect for Liberation (2017)\nThoughts on Transmission: Knowingness Transforms Causal Conditions (2017)\nCaring (2018)\nQuotes (2018)\nQuotes 2 (2018)\nThe Fourth of July: New Dimensions of Freedom (publication date unknown)\nGesture of Great Love: Light of Liberation (2022)","title":"Publications"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics_cauldron
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2010 Winter Olympics cauldron
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["1 In popular culture","2 See also","3 External links"]
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Coordinates: 49°17′22″N 123°07′04″W / 49.289371°N 123.117685°W / 49.289371; -123.117685This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "2010 Winter Olympics cauldron" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
2010 Winter Olympics cauldronLocationVancouver, British Columbia, CanadaTypeCauldron
The 2010 Winter Olympics cauldron was erected for the 2010 Winter Olympics at Jack Poole Plaza in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
In popular culture
The 2010 Winter Olympics cauldron is featured in the racing games Mario Kart Tour and Mario Kart 8 Deluxe as part of the Vancouver Velocity racecourse.
See also
2008 Summer Olympics cauldron
2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics cauldron
2014 Winter Olympics cauldron
2016 Summer Olympics cauldron
External links
Media related to 2010 Winter Olympics cauldron at Wikimedia Commons
vteCoal Harbour
2010 Winter Olympics cauldron
Digital Orca
The Drop
Jack Poole Plaza
LightShed
Marine Building
Nike
Category
Commons
49°17′22″N 123°07′04″W / 49.289371°N 123.117685°W / 49.289371; -123.117685
This Vancouver-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_Studies
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Film theory
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["1 History","1.1 Early theory, before 1945","1.2 Later theory, after 1945","2 Specific theories of film","3 See also","4 References","5 Further reading"]
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Conceptual frameworks for understanding the nature of cinema
For the YouTube channel Film Theory, see MatPat.
Film theory is a set of scholarly approaches within the academic discipline of film or cinema studies that began in the 1920s by questioning the formal essential attributes of motion pictures; and that now provides conceptual frameworks for understanding film's relationship to reality, the other arts, individual viewers, and society at large. Film theory is not to be confused with general film criticism, or film history, though these three disciplines interrelate.
Although some branches of film theory are derived from linguistics and literary theory, it also originated and overlaps with the philosophy of film.
History
Early theory, before 1945
French philosopher Henri Bergson's Matter and Memory (1896) anticipated the development of film theory during the birth of cinema in the early twentieth century. Bergson commented on the need for new ways of thinking about movement, and coined the terms "the movement-image" and "the time-image". However, in his 1906 essay L'illusion cinématographique (in L'évolution créatrice; English: The cinematic illusion) he rejects film as an example of what he had in mind. Nonetheless, decades later, in Cinéma I and Cinema II (1983–1985), the philosopher Gilles Deleuze took Matter and Memory as the basis of his philosophy of film and revisited Bergson's concepts, combining them with the semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce. Early film theory arose in the silent era and was mostly concerned with defining the crucial elements of the medium. Ricciotto Canudo was an early Italian film theoretician who saw cinema as "plastic art in motion", and gave cinema the label "the Sixth Art", later changed to "the Seventh Art".
In 1915, Vachel Lindsay wrote a book on film, followed a year later by Hugo Münsterberg. Lindsay argued that films could be classified into three categories: action films, intimate films, as well as films of splendour. According to him, the action film was sculpture-in-motion, while the intimate film was painting-in-motion, and splendour film architecture-in-motion. He also argued against the contemporary notion of calling films photoplays and seen as filmed versions of theatre, instead seeing film with camera-born opportunities. He also described cinema as hieroglyphic in the sense of containing symbols in its images. He believed this visuality gave film the potential for universal accessibility. Münsterberg in turn noted the analogies between cinematic techniques and certain mental processes. For example, he compared the close-up to the mind paying attention. The flashback, in turn, was similar to remembering. This was later followed by the formalism of Rudolf Arnheim, who studied how techniques influenced film as art.
Among early French theorists, Germaine Dulac brought the concept of impressionism to film by describing cinema that explored the malleability of the border between internal experience and external reality, for example through superimposition. Surrealism also had an influence on early French film culture. The term photogénie was important to both, having been brought to use by Louis Delluc in 1919 and becoming widespread in its usage to capture the unique power of cinema. Jean Epstein noted how filming gives a "personality" or a "spirit" to objects while also being able to reveal "the untrue, the unreal, the 'surreal'". This was similar to defamiliarization used by avant-garde artists to recreate the world. He saw the close-up as the essence of photogénie. Béla Balázs also praised the close-up for similar reasons. Arnheim also believed defamiliarization to be a critical element of film.
After the Russian Revolution, a chaotic situation in the country also created a sense of excitement at new possibilities. This gave rise to montage theory in the work of Dziga Vertov and Sergei Eisenstein. After the establishment of the Moscow Film School, Lev Kuleshov set up a workshop to study the formal structure of film, focusing on editing as "the essence of cinematography". This produced findings on the Kuleshov effect. Editing was also associated with the foundational Marxist concept of dialectical materialism. To this end, Eisenstein claimed that "montage is conflict". Eisenstein's theories were focused on montage having the ability create meaning transcending the sum of its parts with a thematic effect in a way that ideograms turned graphics into abstract symbols. Multiple scenes could work to produce themes (tonal montage), while multiple themes could create even higher levels of meaning (intellectual montage). Vertov in turn focused on developing Kino-Pravda, film truth, and the Kino-Eye , which he claimed showed a deeper truth than could be seen with the naked eye.
Later theory, after 1945
In the years after World War II, the French film critic and theorist André Bazin argued that film's essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality, not in its difference from reality. This had followed the rise of poetic realism in French cinema in the 1930's. He believed that the purpose of art is to preserve reality, even famously claiming that "The photographic image is the object itself". Based on this, he advocated for the use of long takes and deep focus, to reveal the structural depth of reality and finding meaning objectively in images. This was soon followed by the rise of Italian neorealism. Siegfried Kracauer was also notable for arguing that realism is the most important function of cinema.
The Auteur theory derived from the approach of critic and filmmaker Alexandre Astruc, among others, and was originally developed in articles in Cahiers du Cinéma, a film journal that had been co-founded by Bazin. François Truffaut issued auteurism's manifestos in two Cahiers essays: "Une certaine tendance du cinéma français" (January 1954) and "Ali Baba et la 'Politique des auteurs'" (February 1955). His approach was brought to American criticism by Andrew Sarris in 1962. The auteur theory was based on films depicting the directors' own worldviews and impressions of the subject matter, by varying lighting, camerawork, staging, editing, and so on. Georges Sadoul deemed a film's putative "author" potentially even an actor, but a film indeed collaborative. Aljean Harmetz cited major control even by film executives. David Kipen's view of screenwriter as indeed main author is termed Schreiber theory.
In the 1960s and 1970s, film theory took up residence in academia importing concepts from established disciplines like psychoanalysis, gender studies, anthropology, literary theory, semiotics and linguistics—as advanced by scholars such as Christian Metz. However, not until the late 1980s or early 1990s did film theory per se achieve much prominence in American universities by displacing the prevailing humanistic, auteur theory that had dominated cinema studies and which had been focused on the practical elements of film writing, production, editing and criticism. American scholar David Bordwell has spoken against many prominent developments in film theory since the 1970s. He uses the derogatory term "SLAB theory" to refer to film studies based on the ideas of Ferdinand de Saussure, Jacques Lacan, Louis Althusser, and Roland Barthes. Instead, Bordwell promotes what he describes as "neoformalism" (a revival of formalist film theory).
During the 1990s the digital revolution in image technologies has influenced film theory in various ways. There has been a refocus onto celluloid film's ability to capture an "indexical" image of a moment in time by theorists like Mary Ann Doane, Philip Rosen and Laura Mulvey who was informed by psychoanalysis. From a psychoanalytical perspective, after the Lacanian notion of "the Real", Slavoj Žižek offered new aspects of "the gaze" extensively used in contemporary film analysis. From the 1990s onward the Matrixial theory of artist and psychoanalyst Bracha L. Ettinger revolutionized feminist film theory. Her concept The Matrixial Gaze, that has established a feminine gaze and has articulated its differences from the phallic gaze and its relation to feminine as well as maternal specificities and potentialities of "coemergence", offering a critique of Sigmund Freud's and Jacques Lacan's psychoanalysis, is extensively used in analysis of films by female authors, like Chantal Akerman, as well as by male authors, like Pedro Almodovar. The matrixial gaze offers the female the position of a subject, not of an object, of the gaze, while deconstructing the structure of the subject itself, and offers border-time, border-space and a possibility for compassion and witnessing. Ettinger's notions articulate the links between aesthetics, ethics and trauma. There has also been a historical revisiting of early cinema screenings, practices and spectatorship modes by writers Tom Gunning, Miriam Hansen and Yuri Tsivian.
In Critical Cinema: Beyond the Theory of Practice (2011), Clive Meyer suggests that 'cinema is a different experience to watching a film at home or in an art gallery', and argues for film theorists to re-engage the specificity of philosophical concepts for cinema as a medium distinct from others.
Specific theories of film
Apparatus theory
Auteur theory
Cognitive film theory
Feminist theory
Genre studies
Linguistic film theory
Marxist film theory
Psychoanalytic film theory
Queer theory
Schreiber theory
Screen theory
Structuralist film theory
See also
Cinematography
Digital cinema
3D film
Film
Film studies
Glossary of motion picture terms
Invisible auditor
List of film periodicals
Narrative film
Philosophy of film
Psychology of film
References
^ Gledhill, Christine; and Justine Flores, Andrei Bobis, Rovin Macatangay editors. Reinventing Film Studies. Arnold & Oxford University Press, 2000.
^ Mast, Gerald; and Marshall Cohen, editors. Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings, Third Edition.Oxford University Press, 1985.
^ Pieter Jacobus Fourie (ed.), Media Studies: Content, audiences, and production, Juta, 2001, p. 195.
^ "Philosophy of Film" by Thomas Wartenberg – first published 2004; substantive revision m 2008. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
^ a b McDonald, Kevin (2016). Film Theory: The Basics (Kindle ed.). Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-315-75719-3.
^ a b McDonald 2016, p. 13.
^ McDonald 2016, p. 14.
^ a b McDonald 2016, p. 15.
^ McDonald 2016, p. 16.
^ McDonald 2016, p. 18.
^ McDonald 2016, p. 23.
^ McDonald 2016, p. 24.
^ a b c McDonald 2016, p. 25.
^ a b McDonald 2016, p. 26.
^ McDonald 2016, p. 27.
^ a b McDonald 2016, p. 28.
^ a b c McDonald 2016, p. 29.
^ McDonald 2016, p. 30.
^ a b McDonald 2016, p. 33.
^ Jay Leyda (1960). Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film. George Allen & Unwin. pp. 161–162.
^ Bulgakowa, Oksana. 2008. "The Ear against the Eye: Vertov's symphony." Kieler Beiträge zur Filmmusikforschung (2): 142-158. p. 142
^ André Bazin, What is Cinema? essays selected and translated by Hugh Gray, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971.
^ McDonald 2016, p. 45.
^ McDonald 2016, p. 46.
^ a b McDonald 2016, p. 47.
^ Dudley Andrew, The Major Film Theories: An Introduction, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1976, Part II.
^ "Auteur theory". Encyclopædia Britannica. n.d.
^ "Evolution of the Auteur Theory". The University of Alabama. 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2022-05-31.
^ Sarris, Andrew (Winter 1962–1963). "Notes on the Auteur Theory in 1962" (PDF). Film Culture. 27: 1–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-07-26. Retrieved 2022-05-31.
^ Thompson, Kristin (2010). Film history : an introduction. David Bordwell (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. pp. 381–383. ISBN 978-0-07-338613-3. OCLC 294064466.
^ Sadoul, Georges; Morris, Peter (1972). Dictionary of Film Makers. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-02151-8.
^ Aljean Harmetz, Round up the Usual Suspects, p. 29.
^ Metz, Christian (1974). Language and cinema. The Hague: Mouton. ISBN 978-3-11-081604-4. OCLC 840504588.
^ Weddle, David. "Lights, Camera, Action. Marxism, Semiotics, Narratology: Film School Isn't What It Used to Be, One Father Discovers." Los Angeles Times, July 13, 2003; URL retrieved 22 Jan 2011.
^ Quart, Alissa (2000). "David Bordwell Blows the Whistle on Film Studies" (PDF). Lingua Franca. 10 (2): 35–43.
^ Slavoj Žižek, Welcome to the Desert of the Real, London: Verso, 2000.
^ Bracha L. Ettinger, The Matrixial Borderspace, University of Minnesota Press, 2006
^ Nicholas Chare, Sportswomen in Cinema: Film and the Frailty Myth. Leeds: I.B.Tauris 2015.
^ James Batcho, Terrence Malick's Unseeing Cinema. Memory, Time and Audibility. Palgrave Macmillan.
^ Bracha L. Ettinger, The Matrixial Gaze. Published by Leeds University, 1995. Reprinted in: Drawing Papers, nº 24, 2001.
^ Griselda Pollock, After-effects – After-images. Manchester University Press, 2013
^ Maggie Humm, Feminism and Film. Edinburgh University Press, 1997
^ Lucia Nagib and Anne Jerslev (ends.), Impure Cinema. London: I.B.Tauris.
^ Julian Daniel Gutierrez-Arbilla, Aesthetics, Ethics and Trauma in the Cinema of Pedro Almodovar. Edinburgh University Press, 2017
^ Griselda Pollock, Encounters in the Virtual Feminist Museum: Time, Space and the Archive. Rutledge, 2007.
^ Laurie, Timothy (2013), "Critical Cinema: Beyond the Theory of Practice", Media International Australia, 147: 171, doi:10.1177/1329878X1314700134, S2CID 149797284
Further reading
Dudley Andrew, Concepts in Film Theory, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.
Dudley Andrew, The Major Film Theories: An Introduction, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.
Francesco Casetti, Theories of Cinema, 1945–1990, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1999.
Stanley Cavell, The World Viewed: Reflections on the Ontology of Film (1971); 2nd enlarged ed. (1979)
Bill Nichols, Representing Reality: Issues and Concepts in Documentary, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991.
The Oxford Guide to Film Studies, edited by John Hill and Pamela Church Gibson, Oxford University Press, 1998.
The Routledge Encyclopedia of Film Theory, edited by Edward Branigan, Warren Buckland, Routledge, 2015.
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Critical methods
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Bergson commented on the need for new ways of thinking about movement, and coined the terms \"the movement-image\" and \"the time-image\". However, in his 1906 essay L'illusion cinématographique (in L'évolution créatrice; English: The cinematic illusion) he rejects film as an example of what he had in mind. Nonetheless, decades later, in Cinéma I and Cinema II (1983–1985), the philosopher Gilles Deleuze took Matter and Memory as the basis of his philosophy of film and revisited Bergson's concepts, combining them with the semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce. Early film theory arose in the silent era and was mostly concerned with defining the crucial elements of the medium. Ricciotto Canudo was an early Italian film theoretician who saw cinema as \"plastic art in motion\", and gave cinema the label \"the Sixth Art\", later changed to \"the Seventh Art\".In 1915, Vachel Lindsay wrote a book on film, followed a year later by Hugo Münsterberg. Lindsay argued that films could be classified into three categories: action films, intimate films, as well as films of splendour.[5] According to him, the action film was sculpture-in-motion, while the intimate film was painting-in-motion, and splendour film architecture-in-motion.[5] He also argued against the contemporary notion of calling films photoplays and seen as filmed versions of theatre, instead seeing film with camera-born opportunities.[6] He also described cinema as hieroglyphic in the sense of containing symbols in its images.[6] He believed this visuality gave film the potential for universal accessibility.[7] Münsterberg in turn noted the analogies between cinematic techniques and certain mental processes.[8] For example, he compared the close-up to the mind paying attention.[8] The flashback, in turn, was similar to remembering.[9] This was later followed by the formalism of Rudolf Arnheim, who studied how techniques influenced film as art.[10]Among early French theorists, Germaine Dulac brought the concept of impressionism to film by describing cinema that explored the malleability of the border between internal experience and external reality, for example through superimposition.[11] Surrealism also had an influence on early French film culture.[12] The term photogénie was important to both, having been brought to use by Louis Delluc in 1919 and becoming widespread in its usage to capture the unique power of cinema.[13] Jean Epstein noted how filming gives a \"personality\" or a \"spirit\" to objects while also being able to reveal \"the untrue, the unreal, the 'surreal'\".[13] This was similar to defamiliarization used by avant-garde artists to recreate the world.[13] He saw the close-up as the essence of photogénie.[14] Béla Balázs also praised the close-up for similar reasons.[14] Arnheim also believed defamiliarization to be a critical element of film.[15]After the Russian Revolution, a chaotic situation in the country also created a sense of excitement at new possibilities.[16] This gave rise to montage theory in the work of Dziga Vertov and Sergei Eisenstein.[16] After the establishment of the Moscow Film School, Lev Kuleshov set up a workshop to study the formal structure of film, focusing on editing as \"the essence of cinematography\".[17] This produced findings on the Kuleshov effect.[17] Editing was also associated with the foundational Marxist concept of dialectical materialism.[17] To this end, Eisenstein claimed that \"montage is conflict\".[18] Eisenstein's theories were focused on montage having the ability create meaning transcending the sum of its parts with a thematic effect in a way that ideograms turned graphics into abstract symbols.[19] Multiple scenes could work to produce themes (tonal montage), while multiple themes could create even higher levels of meaning (intellectual montage).[19] Vertov in turn focused on developing Kino-Pravda, film truth, and the Kino-Eye , which he claimed showed a deeper truth than could be seen with the naked eye.[20][21]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"André Bazin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bazin"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"poetic realism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetic_realism"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonald201645-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonald201646-24"},{"link_name":"long takes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_take"},{"link_name":"deep focus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_focus"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDonald201647-25"},{"link_name":"Italian 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Sarris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Sarris"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"Georges Sadoul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Sadoul"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"page needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources"},{"link_name":"Aljean Harmetz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljean_Harmetz"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-32"},{"link_name":"David Kipen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Kipen"},{"link_name":"Schreiber theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schreiber_theory"},{"link_name":"psychoanalysis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysis"},{"link_name":"gender studies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_studies"},{"link_name":"anthropology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropology"},{"link_name":"literary theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_theory"},{"link_name":"semiotics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotics"},{"link_name":"linguistics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics"},{"link_name":"Christian Metz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Metz_(theorist)"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Metz-33"},{"link_name":"auteur theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteur_theory"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Weddle-34"},{"link_name":"David Bordwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bordwell"},{"link_name":"film studies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_studies"},{"link_name":"Ferdinand de Saussure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure"},{"link_name":"Jacques Lacan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lacan"},{"link_name":"Louis Althusser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Althusser"},{"link_name":"Roland Barthes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Barthes"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SLAB-35"},{"link_name":"neoformalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoformalism_(film_theory)"},{"link_name":"formalist film theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formalist_film_theory"},{"link_name":"Mary Ann Doane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Ann_Doane"},{"link_name":"Laura Mulvey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Mulvey"},{"link_name":"Slavoj Žižek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek"},{"link_name":"gaze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaze"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"Bracha L. Ettinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracha_L._Ettinger"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"feminist film theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_film_theory"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"The Matrixial Gaze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Matrixial_Gaze"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"Sigmund Freud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud"},{"link_name":"Jacques Lacan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lacan"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"Chantal Akerman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantal_Akerman"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"},{"link_name":"Pedro Almodovar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Almodovar"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"Miriam Hansen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miriam_Hansen"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"}],"sub_title":"Later theory, after 1945","text":"In the years after World War II, the French film critic and theorist André Bazin argued that film's essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality, not in its difference from reality.[22] This had followed the rise of poetic realism in French cinema in the 1930's.[23] He believed that the purpose of art is to preserve reality, even famously claiming that \"The photographic image is the object itself\".[24] Based on this, he advocated for the use of long takes and deep focus, to reveal the structural depth of reality and finding meaning objectively in images.[25] This was soon followed by the rise of Italian neorealism.[25] Siegfried Kracauer was also notable for arguing that realism is the most important function of cinema.[26]The Auteur theory derived from the approach of critic and filmmaker Alexandre Astruc, among others, and was originally developed in articles in Cahiers du Cinéma, a film journal that had been co-founded by Bazin.[27] François Truffaut issued auteurism's manifestos in two Cahiers essays: \"Une certaine tendance du cinéma français\" (January 1954) and \"Ali Baba et la 'Politique des auteurs'\" (February 1955).[28] His approach was brought to American criticism by Andrew Sarris in 1962.[29] The auteur theory was based on films depicting the directors' own worldviews and impressions of the subject matter, by varying lighting, camerawork, staging, editing, and so on.[30] Georges Sadoul deemed a film's putative \"author\" potentially even an actor, but a film indeed collaborative.[31][page needed] Aljean Harmetz cited major control even by film executives.[32] David Kipen's view of screenwriter as indeed main author is termed Schreiber theory.In the 1960s and 1970s, film theory took up residence in academia importing concepts from established disciplines like psychoanalysis, gender studies, anthropology, literary theory, semiotics and linguistics—as advanced by scholars such as Christian Metz.[33] However, not until the late 1980s or early 1990s did film theory per se achieve much prominence in American universities by displacing the prevailing humanistic, auteur theory that had dominated cinema studies and which had been focused on the practical elements of film writing, production, editing and criticism.[34] American scholar David Bordwell has spoken against many prominent developments in film theory since the 1970s. He uses the derogatory term \"SLAB theory\" to refer to film studies based on the ideas of Ferdinand de Saussure, Jacques Lacan, Louis Althusser, and Roland Barthes.[35] Instead, Bordwell promotes what he describes as \"neoformalism\" (a revival of formalist film theory).During the 1990s the digital revolution in image technologies has influenced film theory in various ways. There has been a refocus onto celluloid film's ability to capture an \"indexical\" image of a moment in time by theorists like Mary Ann Doane, Philip Rosen and Laura Mulvey who was informed by psychoanalysis. From a psychoanalytical perspective, after the Lacanian notion of \"the Real\", Slavoj Žižek offered new aspects of \"the gaze\" extensively used in contemporary film analysis.[36] From the 1990s onward the Matrixial theory of artist and psychoanalyst Bracha L. Ettinger[37] revolutionized feminist film theory.[38][39] Her concept The Matrixial Gaze,[40] that has established a feminine gaze and has articulated its differences from the phallic gaze and its relation to feminine as well as maternal specificities and potentialities of \"coemergence\", offering a critique of Sigmund Freud's and Jacques Lacan's psychoanalysis, is extensively used in analysis of films[41][42] by female authors, like Chantal Akerman,[43] as well as by male authors, like Pedro Almodovar.[44] The matrixial gaze offers the female the position of a subject, not of an object, of the gaze, while deconstructing the structure of the subject itself, and offers border-time, border-space and a possibility for compassion and witnessing. Ettinger's notions articulate the links between aesthetics, ethics and trauma.[45] There has also been a historical revisiting of early cinema screenings, practices and spectatorship modes by writers Tom Gunning, Miriam Hansen and Yuri Tsivian.In Critical Cinema: Beyond the Theory of Practice (2011), Clive Meyer suggests that 'cinema is a different experience to watching a film at home or in an art gallery', and argues for film theorists to re-engage the specificity of philosophical concepts for cinema as a medium distinct from others.[46]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Apparatus theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparatus_theory"},{"link_name":"Auteur theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteur_theory"},{"link_name":"Cognitive film theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_film_theory"},{"link_name":"Feminist theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_theory"},{"link_name":"Genre studies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genre_studies"},{"link_name":"Linguistic film theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_film_theory"},{"link_name":"Marxist film theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxist_film_theory"},{"link_name":"Psychoanalytic film theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalytic_film_theory"},{"link_name":"Queer theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queer_theory"},{"link_name":"Schreiber theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schreiber_theory"},{"link_name":"Screen theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_theory"},{"link_name":"Structuralist film theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralist_film_theory"}],"text":"Apparatus theory\nAuteur theory\nCognitive film theory\nFeminist theory\nGenre studies\nLinguistic film theory\nMarxist film theory\nPsychoanalytic film theory\nQueer theory\nSchreiber theory\nScreen theory\nStructuralist film theory","title":"Specific theories of film"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dudley Andrew","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley_Andrew"},{"link_name":"Dudley Andrew","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley_Andrew"},{"link_name":"Francesco Casetti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Casetti"},{"link_name":"Stanley Cavell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Cavell"},{"link_name":"The World Viewed: Reflections on the Ontology of Film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=Ro23ozNGdzQC&q=stanley+cavell"},{"link_name":"Bill Nichols","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Nichols_(film_critic)"},{"link_name":"Oxford University Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Film_studies"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Film_studies"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_studies"},{"link_name":"Film studies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_studies"},{"link_name":"Approaches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Analytic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_philosophy"},{"link_name":"Cognitive film theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitivism_(aesthetics)"},{"link_name":"Historical poetics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_poetics"},{"link_name":"Linguistic film theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_film_theory"},{"link_name":"Neoformalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoformalism_(film_theory)"},{"link_name":"Formalist film theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formalist_film_theory"},{"link_name":"Continental","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_philosophy"},{"link_name":"Feminist film theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_film_theory"},{"link_name":"Film semiotics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_semiotics"},{"link_name":"Marxist film theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxist_film_theory"},{"link_name":"Psychoanalytic film theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalytic_film_theory"},{"link_name":"Screen theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_theory"},{"link_name":"Structuralist film theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralist_film_theory"},{"link_name":"Critical methods","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_criticism"},{"link_name":"Auteur theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteur_theory"},{"link_name":"Schreiber theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schreiber_theory"},{"link_name":"David Bordwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bordwell"},{"link_name":"Thomas Elsaesser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Elsaesser"},{"link_name":"Sergei Eisenstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein"},{"link_name":"Colin MacCabe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_MacCabe"},{"link_name":"Christian Metz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Metz_(theorist)"},{"link_name":"Laura Mulvey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Mulvey"},{"link_name":"Kristin Thompson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristin_Thompson"},{"link_name":"Academic journals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_film_periodicals"},{"link_name":"Cinema Journal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_Journal"},{"link_name":"Film Quarterly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_Quarterly"},{"link_name":"Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_Journal_of_Film,_Radio_and_Television"},{"link_name":"Journal of Film and Video","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Film_and_Video"},{"link_name":"Journal of Popular Film & Television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Popular_Film_%26_Television"},{"link_name":"New Review of Film and Television Studies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Review_of_Film_and_Television_Studies"},{"link_name":"Screen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_(journal)"},{"link_name":"The Velvet Light Trap","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Velvet_Light_Trap"},{"link_name":"Television & New Media","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_%26_New_Media"},{"link_name":"Film portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Film"},{"link_name":"Authority control databases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28793#identifiers"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125208912"},{"link_name":"BnF data","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125208912"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//d-nb.info/gnd/4071216-3"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559357905171"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2008108033"},{"link_name":"Latvia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000136615&P_CON_LNG=ENG"},{"link_name":"Czech Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph189273&CON_LNG=ENG"}],"text":"Dudley Andrew, Concepts in Film Theory, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.\nDudley Andrew, The Major Film Theories: An Introduction, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.\nFrancesco Casetti, Theories of Cinema, 1945–1990, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1999.\nStanley Cavell, The World Viewed: Reflections on the Ontology of Film (1971); 2nd enlarged ed. (1979)\nBill Nichols, Representing Reality: Issues and Concepts in Documentary, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991.\nThe Oxford Guide to Film Studies, edited by John Hill and Pamela Church Gibson, Oxford University Press, 1998.\nThe Routledge Encyclopedia of Film Theory, edited by Edward Branigan, Warren Buckland, Routledge, 2015.vteFilm studiesApproaches\nAnalytic\nCognitive film theory\nHistorical poetics\nLinguistic film theory\nNeoformalism\nClassical\nFormalist film theory\nContinental\nFeminist film theory\nFilm semiotics\nMarxist film theory\nPsychoanalytic film theory\nScreen theory\nStructuralist film theory\nCritical methods\nAuteur theory\nSchreiber theory\nScholars\nDavid Bordwell\nThomas Elsaesser\nSergei Eisenstein\nColin MacCabe\nChristian Metz\nLaura Mulvey\nKristin Thompson\nAcademic journals\nCinema Journal\nFilm Quarterly\nHistorical Journal of Film, Radio and Television\nJournal of Film and Video\nJournal of Popular Film & Television\nNew Review of Film and Television Studies\nScreen\nThe Velvet Light Trap\nTelevision & New Media\n Film portalAuthority control databases: National \nFrance\nBnF data\nGermany\nIsrael\nUnited States\nLatvia\nCzech Republic","title":"Further reading"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"Cinematography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinematography"},{"title":"Digital cinema","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_cinema"},{"title":"3D film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_film"},{"title":"Film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film"},{"title":"Film studies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_studies"},{"title":"Glossary of motion picture terms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_motion_picture_terms"},{"title":"Invisible auditor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible_auditor"},{"title":"List of film periodicals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_film_periodicals"},{"title":"Narrative film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrative_film"},{"title":"Philosophy of film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_film"},{"title":"Psychology of film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_film"}]
|
[{"reference":"McDonald, Kevin (2016). Film Theory: The Basics (Kindle ed.). Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-315-75719-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=JhQuswEACAAJ","url_text":"Film Theory: The Basics"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-75719-3","url_text":"978-1-315-75719-3"}]},{"reference":"Jay Leyda (1960). Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film. George Allen & Unwin. pp. 161–162.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Leyda","url_text":"Jay Leyda"},{"url":"https://archive.org/stream/kinohistoryofrus00jayl#page/161/mode/2up/","url_text":"Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_%26_Unwin","url_text":"George Allen & Unwin"}]},{"reference":"\"Auteur theory\". Encyclopædia Britannica. n.d.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.britannica.com/art/auteur-theory","url_text":"\"Auteur theory\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica","url_text":"Encyclopædia Britannica"}]},{"reference":"\"Evolution of the Auteur Theory\". The University of Alabama. 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2022-05-31.","urls":[{"url":"https://tvcrit.org/Classes/Jbutler/T440/AuteurTheory.php","url_text":"\"Evolution of the Auteur Theory\""}]},{"reference":"Sarris, Andrew (Winter 1962–1963). \"Notes on the Auteur Theory in 1962\" (PDF). Film Culture. 27: 1–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-07-26. Retrieved 2022-05-31.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Sarris","url_text":"Sarris, Andrew"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200726115912/https://dramaandfilm.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu/files/2011/06/Sarris-Notes-on-the-Auteur-Theory.pdf","url_text":"\"Notes on the Auteur Theory in 1962\""},{"url":"https://dramaandfilm.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu/files/2011/06/Sarris-Notes-on-the-Auteur-Theory.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Thompson, Kristin (2010). Film history : an introduction. David Bordwell (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. pp. 381–383. ISBN 978-0-07-338613-3. OCLC 294064466.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/294064466","url_text":"Film history : an introduction"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-338613-3","url_text":"978-0-07-338613-3"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/294064466","url_text":"294064466"}]},{"reference":"Sadoul, Georges; Morris, Peter (1972). Dictionary of Film Makers. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-02151-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoffilm00sado_1","url_text":"Dictionary of Film Makers"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02151-8","url_text":"978-0-520-02151-8"}]},{"reference":"Metz, Christian (1974). Language and cinema. The Hague: Mouton. ISBN 978-3-11-081604-4. OCLC 840504588.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/840504588","url_text":"Language and cinema"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-081604-4","url_text":"978-3-11-081604-4"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/840504588","url_text":"840504588"}]},{"reference":"Quart, Alissa (2000). \"David Bordwell Blows the Whistle on Film Studies\" (PDF). Lingua Franca. 10 (2): 35–43.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.davidbordwell.net/articles/Bordwell_Lingua%20franca_vol10_no2_March2000_34.pdf","url_text":"\"David Bordwell Blows the Whistle on Film Studies\""}]},{"reference":"Laurie, Timothy (2013), \"Critical Cinema: Beyond the Theory of Practice\", Media International Australia, 147: 171, doi:10.1177/1329878X1314700134, S2CID 149797284","urls":[{"url":"https://www.academia.edu/2763909","url_text":"\"Critical Cinema: Beyond the Theory of Practice\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1329878X1314700134","url_text":"10.1177/1329878X1314700134"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149797284","url_text":"149797284"}]}]
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Jazz_Instrumental_Solo
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Grammy Award for Best Jazz Performance
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["1 Recipients","2 References"]
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Grammy Award for Best Jazz PerformanceAwarded forquality performances in the jazz music genreCountryUnited StatesPresented byNational Academy of Recording Arts and SciencesFirst awarded1959Currently held byWayne Shorter & Leo Genovese (soloist), "Endangered Species" (2023)Websitegrammy.com
The Grammy Award for Best Jazz Performance has been awarded since 1959. Before 1979 the award title did not specify instrumental performances and was presented for instrumental or vocal performances. The award has had several minor name changes:
In 1959 the award was known as Best Jazz Performance, Individual
In 1960 it was awarded as Best Jazz Performance - Soloist
From 1961 to 1971 the award was combined with the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group
From 1972 to 1978 it was awarded as Best Jazz Performance by a Soloist
From 1979 to 1988 it was awarded as Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Soloist
From 1989 to 1990 it was awarded as Best Jazz Instrumental Performance Soloist (on a jazz recording)
In 1991 it was awarded as Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Soloist
From 1992 to 2008 it was awarded as Best Jazz Instrumental Solo
From 2009 to 2023, it was awarded as Best Improvised Jazz Solo
Since 2024, it has been awarded as Best Jazz Performance
Recipients
Two-time winner Ella Fitzgerald.
Two-time winner Bill Evans.
1974 award-winner Art Tatum.
Two-time winner Dizzy Gillespie.
Four-time winner Oscar Peterson.
1982 winner John Coltrane.
Three-time winner Miles Davis.
Three-time winner Wynton Marsalis.
Six-time winner Michael Brecker.
Three-time winner Herbie Hancock.
Two-time winner Terence Blanchard.
Seven-time winner Chick Corea.
Year
Performing artist(s)
Work
Nominees
Ref.
1959
Ella Fitzgerald
Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Duke Ellington Songbook
Jonah Jones – Jumpin' with Jonah
Matty Matlock – "Dixieland Story"
George Shearing – Burnished Brass
Jonah Jones – Baubles, Bangles and Beads
1960
Ella Swings Lightly
Red Norvo – "Red Norvo in Hi-Fi"
Andre Previn – "Like Young"
Ruby Braff – "Easy Now"
Bobby Troup – Bobby Troup and His Stars of Jazz
Urbie Green – Best of New Broadway Show Hits
1972
Bill Evans Trio
The Bill Evans Album
Jimmy Rushing – The You and Me That Used to Be
Earl Hines – Quintessential Recording Session
Phil Woods – Phil Woods and his European Rhythm Machine at the Frankfurt Jazz Festival
Larry Coryell – "Gypsy Queen"
Dizzy Gillespie – Portrait of Jenny
Carmen McRae – "Carmen McRae"
1973
Gary Burton
Alone at Last
Sonny Stitt – Tune-Up!
Freddie Hubbard – The Hub of Hubbard
McCoy Tyner – Sahara
Tom Scott – Great Scott
1974
Art Tatum
God Is in the House
Ray Brown – "The Very Thought of You"
Clifford Brown – The Beginning and the End
Hubert Laws – Morning Star
Freddie Hubbard – "In a Mist"
1975
Charlie Parker
First Recordings!
Keith Jarrett – Solo-Concerts
McCoy Tyner – "Naima"
Hubert Laws – In the Beginning
Freddie Hubbard – High Energy
1976
Dizzy Gillespie
Oscar Peterson and Dizzy Gillespie
Phineas Newborn Jr. – Solo Piano
Phil Woods – Images
John Coltrane – Giant Steps (First Release of Alternate Take)
Jim Hall – Concierto
1977
Count Basie
Basie & Zoot
Art Tatum – Works of Art
Phil Woods – The New Phil Woods Album
Jaco Pastorius – "Donna Lee"
Jim Hall – Commitment
Clark Terry – Clark Terry and His Jolly Giants
1978
Oscar Peterson
The Giants
Phil Woods – The Phil Woods Six-Live from The Showboat
Jaco Pastorius – Heavy Weather
John Coltrane – Afro Blue Impressions
Hank Jones – Bop Redux
1979
Oscar Peterson Jam – Montreux '77
Stan Getz – Stan Getz Gold
Dexter Gordon – Sophisticated Giant
Woody Shaw – Rosewood
Al Cohn and Jimmy Rowles – Heavy Love
1980
Jousts
Zoot Sims – Warm Tenor
Pepper Adams – Reflectory
Paul Desmond – Paul Desmond
Dexter Gordon – Manhattan Symphonie
1981
Bill Evans
I Will Say Goodbye
Phil Woods – The Phil Woods Quartet - Volume One
Hank Jones – I Remember You
Jimmy Knepper – Cunningbird
Pepper Adams – Chasin' the Bird
1982
John Coltrane
Bye Bye Blackbird
Pepper Adams – The Master...Pepper Adams
Ira Sullivan – The Incredible Ira Sullivan
Pete Christlieb – Self Portrait
Jimmy Rowles – Music's The Only Thing That's On My Mind
1983
Miles Davis
We Want Miles
Wynton Marsalis – Wynton Marsalis
Tommy Flanagan – The Magnificent Tommy Flanagan
Ira Sullivan – Night and Day
Jimmy Rowles – Jimmy Rowles Plays Duke Ellington and Billy Strayhorn
1984
Wynton Marsalis
Think of One
Chick Corea – Trio Music
Sonny Stitt – The Last Stitt Sessions, Vol. 1
Art Blakey – Keystone 3
Phil Woods – At the Vanguard
1985
Hot House Flowers
Tommy Flanagan – Thelonica
Zoot Sims – Quietly There
Pepper Adams & Kenny Wheeler – Live at Fat Tuesday's
Ira Sullivan – Ira Sullivan... Does It All
1986
Black Codes (From the Underground)
Dizzy Gillespie – "Sing Joy Spring"
James Moody – "Meet Benny Bailey"
Stanley Jordan – Magic Touch
Miles Davis – "Human Nature"
1987
Miles Davis
Tutu
Branford Marsalis – Royal Garden Blues
Wynton Marsalis – "Insane Asylum"
Dizzy Gillespie – Closer to the Source
Eddie Daniels – Breakthrough
1988
Dexter Gordon
The Other Side of Round Midnight
Eddie Daniels – To Bird with Love
Wynton Marsalis – Marsalis Standard Time, Vol. I
Branford Marsalis – "Cottontail"
1989
Michael Brecker
Don't Try This at Home
Wynton Marsalis – The Wynton Marsalis Quartet Live at Blues Alley
Branford Marsalis – Random Abstract
Miles Davis – Music from Siesta
Rob Wasserman – Duets
1990
Miles Davis
Aura
Wynton Marsalis – The Majesty of the Blues
Chick Corea – "Sophisticated Lady"
John Patitucci – "Bessie's Blues"
André Previn – After Hours
1991
Oscar Peterson
The Legendary Oscar Peterson Trio Live at the Blue Note
Miles Davis – The Hot Spot
Branford Marsalis – Crazy People Music
George Benson – "Basie's Bag"
Stan Getz – Anniversary!
1992
Stan Getz
"I Remember You"
Dave Grusin – "How Long Has This Been Going On?"
Jean "Toots" Thielemans – "Bluesette"
David Sanborn – "Another Hand"
Phil Woods – "All Bird's Children"
1993
Joe Henderson
"Lush Life"
Kenny Barron & Stan Getz – "Soul Eyes"
Miles Davis – "Fantasy"
Wynton Marsalis – "Blue Interlude"
Randy Brecker – "Above and Below"
1994
"Miles Ahead"
Benny Carter – "The More I See You"
Phil Woods – "Nostalgico"
Herbie Hancock – "Brasil (Aquarela Do Brasil)"
Lee Ritenour – "4 on 6"
1995
Benny Carter
"Prelude to a Kiss"
Wayne Shorter – "Pinocchio"
Chick Corea – "Lush Life"
Charlie Haden – "Alone Together"
Michael Brecker – "African Skies"
1996
Michael Brecker
"Impressions"
Eliane Elias & Herbie Hancock – "The Way You Look Tonight"
Kenny Barron – "Take the Coltrane"
Charlie Haden & Hank Jones – "Go Down Moses"
Pete Christlieb – "But Beautiful"
1997
"Cabin Fever"
Charlie Haden – "Now is the Hour"
Joe Lovano – "Duke Ellington's Sound of Love"
Horace Silver – "Diggin' on Dexter"
Gonzalo Rubalcaba – "Agua de Beber"
1998
Doc Cheatham & Nicholas Payton
"Stardust"
Buddy DeFranco – "You Must Believe in Swing"
Antonio Hart – "The Community"
Tommy Flanagan – "Dear Old Stockholm"
Brad Mehldau – "Blame It On My Youth"
1999
Gary Burton & Chick Corea
"Rhumbata"
Randy Brecker – "My Funny Valentine"
David Liebman – "My Favorite Things"
Kenny Barron – "For Heaven's Sake"
Benny Golson – "Body and Soul"
2000
Wayne Shorter
"In Walked Wayne"
Gary Burton – "Straight Up and Down"
Chick Corea – "Wigwam"
Stefon Harris – "There Is No Greater Love"
Chris Potter – "In Vogue"
2001
Pat Metheny
"(Go) Get It"
Kenny Barron – "Passion Dance"
Terence Blanchard – "I Thought About You"
Michael Brecker – "Outrance"
Keith Jarrett – "I Got It Bad And That Ain't Good"
2002
Michael Brecker
"Chan's Song"
Kenny Barron and Regina Carter – "Fragile"
Terence Blanchard – "Lost in a Fog"
Gary Burton – "Move"
Pat Martino – "All Blues"
2003
Herbie Hancock
"My Ship"
Michael Brecker – "Naima"
Pete Christlieb – "Chelsea Bridge"
Tommy Flanagan – "Sunset & the Mockingbird"
Pat Metheny – "Proof"
2004
Chick Corea
"Matrix"
Joey DeFrancesco – "All or Nothing at All"
Keith Jarrett – "Butch and Butch"
Pat Martino – "Africa"
Mike Melvoin – "All or Nothing at All"
2005
Herbie Hancock
"Speak Like a Child"
Alan Broadbent – "What's New"
Don Byron – "I Want To Be Happy"
Donny McCaslin – "Bulería, Soleá y Rumba"
John Scofield – "Wee"
2006
Sonny Rollins
"Why Was I Born?"
Alan Broadbent – "Round Midnight"
Ravi Coltrane – "Away"
Herbie Hancock – "The Source"
Branford Marsalis – "A Love Supreme -- Acknowledgement"
2007
Michael Brecker
"Some Skunk Funk"
Paquito D'Rivera – "Paq Man"
Taylor Eigsti – "Freedom Jazz Dance"
Roy Haynes – "Hippidy Hop" (Drum Solo)
Branford Marsalis – "Hope"
2008
"Anagram"
Terence Blanchard – "Levees"
Herbie Hancock – "Both Sides Now"
Hank Jones – "Lullaby"
Paul McCandless – "1000 Kilometers"
2009
Terence Blanchard
"Be-Bop"
Till Brönner – "Seven Steps to Heaven"
Gary Burton & Chick Corea – "Waltz for Debby"
Pat Metheny – "Son of Thirteen"
James Moody – "Be–Bop"
2010
"Dancin' 4 Chicken"
Gerald Clayton – "All Of You"
Roy Hargrove – "Ms. Garvey, Ms. Garvey"
Martial Solal – "On Green Dolphin Street"
Miguel Zenón – "Villa Palmeras"
2011
Herbie Hancock
"A Change Is Gonna Come"
Alan Broadbent – "Solar"
Keith Jarrett – "Body and Soul"
Hank Jones – "Lonely Woman"
Wynton Marsalis – "Van Gogh"
2012
Chick Corea
"500 Miles High"
Randy Brecker – "All or Nothing at All"
Ron Carter – "You Are My Sunshine"
Fred Hersch – "Work"
Sonny Rollins – "Sonnymoon for Two"
2013
Gary Burton & Chick Corea
"Hot House"
Ravi Coltrane – "Cross Roads"
Chick Corea – "Alice in Wonderland"
Kenny Garrett – "J. Mac"
Brad Mehldau – "Ode"
2014
Wayne Shorter
"Orbits"
Terence Blanchard – "Don't Run"
Paquito D'Rivera – "Song for Maura"
Fred Hersch – "Song Without Words #4: Duet"
Donny McCaslin – "Stadium Jazz"
2015
Chick Corea
"Fingerprints"
Kenny Barron – "The Eye of the Hurricane"
Fred Hersch – "You & the Night & the Music"
Joe Lovano – "Recorda Me"
Brad Mehldau – "Sleeping Giant"
2016
Christian McBride
"Cherokee"
Joey Alexander – "Giant Steps"
Donny McCaslin – "Arbiters of Evolution"
Joshua Redman – "Friend or Foe"
John Scofield – "Past Present"
2017
John Scofield
"I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry"
Joey Alexander – "Countdown"
Ravi Coltrane – "In Movement"
Fred Hersch – "We See"
Brad Mehldau – "I Concentrate on You"
2018
John McLaughlin
"Miles Beyond"
Sara Caswell – "Can't Remember Why"
Billy Childs – "Dance of Shiva"
Fred Hersch – "Whisper Not"
Chris Potter – "Ilimba"
2019
John Daversa
"Don't Fence Me In"
Regina Carter – "Some Of That Sunshine"
Fred Hersch – "We See"
Brad Mehldau – "De-Dah"
Miguel Zenón – "Cadenas"
2020
Randy Brecker
"Sozinho"
Melissa Aldana – "Elsewhere"
Julian Lage – "Tomorrow Is The Question"
Branford Marsalis – "The Windup"
Christian McBride – "Sightseeing"
2021
Chick Corea
"All Blues"
Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah – "Guinevere"
Regina Carter – "Pachamama"
Gerald Clayton – "Celia"
Joshua Redman – "Moe Honk"
2022
"Humpty Dumpty (Set 2)"
Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah – "Sackodougou"
Kenny Barron – "Kick Those Feet"
Jon Batiste – "Bigger Than Us"
Terence Blanchard – "Absence"
2023
Wayne Shorter & Leo Genovese (soloist)
"Endangered Species"
Ambrose Akinmusire – "Rounds (Live)"
Gerald Albright – "Keep Holding On"
Melissa Aldana – "Falling"
Marcus Baylor – "Call of the Drum"
John Beasley – "Cherokee/Koko"
2024
Samara Joy
Tight
Adam Blackstone featuring the Baylor Project & Russell Ferranté - "Vulnerable (Live)"
Fred Hersch & Esperanza Spalding - "But Not for Me"
Jon Batiste - "Movement 18' (Heroes)"
Lakecia Benjamin - "Basquiat"
References
^ Paul Grein (June 16, 2023). "Here Are the 10 Biggest Changes to the Grammy Awards Process for 2024". Billboard. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
^ "2011 – 54th Annual GRAMMY Awards Nominees And Winners: R&B Field". The Recording Academy. November 30, 2011.
^ "Grammys 2013: Winners List". Billboard. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
^ "2014 Nominees" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
^ "57th Grammy Nominees". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
^ Billboard.com, 7 December 2015
^ "59th Grammy Nominees". Grammy. Archived from the original on February 1, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
^ "Grammys 2018 Nominees: The Complete List". Billboard. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
^ Grammy.com, 7 December 2018
^ Grammy.com, 22 November 2019
^ Grammy.com, 24 November 2020
^ Grammy.com, 23 November 2021
^ "Grammy Awards 2023: The Full List of Nominees". The New York Times. November 15, 2022. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
^ Minsker, Evan (November 10, 2023). "Grammy Nominations 2024: See the Full List Here". Pitchfork. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
vteGrammy Award categoriesGeneral
Album of the Year
Record of the Year
Song of the Year
Best New Artist
Producer of the Year
Songwriter of the Year
Children's, Comedy, Audio Book Narration & Storytelling, Visual Media & Music Video/Film
Best Children's Album
Best Comedy Album
Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording
Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media
Best Score Soundtrack Album for Visual Media
Best Score Soundtrack for Video Games and Other Interactive Media
Best Song Written for Visual Media
Best Music Video
Best Music Film
Classical
Best Orchestral Performance
Best Opera Recording
Best Choral Performance
Best Chamber Music/Small Ensemble Performance
Best Classical Instrumental Solo
Best Classical Vocal Solo
Best Classical Compendium
Best Contemporary Classical Composition
Country & American Roots
Best Country Album
Best Country Song
Best Country Solo Performance
Best Country Duo/Group Performance
Best Americana Album
Best American Roots Song
Best Americana Performance
Best American Roots Performance
Best Bluegrass Album
Best Folk Album
Best Traditional Blues Album
Best Contemporary Blues Album
Best Regional Roots Music Album
Gospel & Contemporary Christian
Best Gospel Album
Best Contemporary Christian Music Album
Best Roots Gospel Album
Best Gospel Performance/Song
Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song
Jazz, Traditional Pop, Contemporary Instrumental & Musical Theater
Best Jazz Vocal Album
Best Alternative Jazz Album
Best Latin Jazz Album
Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album
Best Jazz Instrumental Album
Best Contemporary Instrumental Album
Best Jazz Solo Performance
Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album
Best Musical Theater Album
Latin, Global, African, Reggae & New Age, Ambient or Chant
Best Latin Pop Album
Best Latin Rock or Alternative Album
Best Tropical Latin Album
Best Música Urbana Album
Best Música Mexicana Album (including Tejano)
Best Reggae Album
Best Global Music Album
Best New Age, Ambient Or Chant Album
Best Global Music Performance
Best African Music Performance
Package, Notes & Historical
Best Historical Album
Best Album Notes
Best Recording Package
Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package
Pop & Dance/Electronic
Best Pop Vocal Album
Best Dance/Electronic Album
Best Pop Solo Performance
Best Pop Duo/Group Performance
Best Dance/Electronic Recording
Best Pop Dance Recording
Production, Engineering, Composition & Arrangement
Producer of the Year, Classical
Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical
Best Immersive Audio Album
Best Instrumental Composition
Best Engineered Album, Classical
Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical
Best Arrangement, Instrumental or A Cappella
Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals
R&B, Rap and Spoken Word Poetry
Best R&B Album
Best Progressive R&B Album
Best Rap Album
Best Spoken Word Poetry Album
Best R&B Performance
Best Traditional R&B Performance
Best Rap Performance
Best Melodic Rap Performance
Best R&B Song
Best Rap Song
Rock, Metal & Alternative
Best Rock Album
Best Rock Song
Best Rock Performance
Best Metal Performance
Best Alternative Music Album
Best Alternative Music Performance
Special Awards
Lifetime Achievement Award
Trustees Award
Legend Award
Grammy Hall of Fame
MusiCares Person of the Year
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Grammy Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award"},{"link_name":"Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Jazz_Instrumental_Album,_Individual_or_Group"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"The Grammy Award for Best Jazz Performance has been awarded since 1959. Before 1979 the award title did not specify instrumental performances and was presented for instrumental or vocal performances. The award has had several minor name changes:In 1959 the award was known as Best Jazz Performance, Individual\nIn 1960 it was awarded as Best Jazz Performance - Soloist\nFrom 1961 to 1971 the award was combined with the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group\nFrom 1972 to 1978 it was awarded as Best Jazz Performance by a Soloist\nFrom 1979 to 1988 it was awarded as Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Soloist\nFrom 1989 to 1990 it was awarded as Best Jazz Instrumental Performance Soloist (on a jazz recording)\nIn 1991 it was awarded as Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Soloist\nFrom 1992 to 2008 it was awarded as Best Jazz Instrumental Solo\nFrom 2009 to 2023, it was awarded as Best Improvised Jazz Solo\nSince 2024, it has been awarded as Best Jazz Performance[1]","title":"Grammy Award for Best Jazz Performance"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ella_Fitzgerald_(Gottlieb_02871).jpg"},{"link_name":"Ella Fitzgerald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bill_Evans.jpg"},{"link_name":"Bill Evans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Evans"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Art_Tatum,_Vogue_Room_1948_(Gottlieb).jpg"},{"link_name":"Art Tatum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Tatum"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dizzy_Gillespie_holding_memoir_%22To_Be_or_Not_to_Bop%22.jpg"},{"link_name":"Dizzy Gillespie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oscar_Peterson_-_1950.JPG"},{"link_name":"Oscar Peterson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Peterson"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Coltrane_in_1963.jpg"},{"link_name":"John Coltrane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Coltrane"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Miles_Davis_Strasbourg_face_2.jpg"},{"link_name":"Miles Davis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wynton_Marsalis,_2007-03-19_01.jpg"},{"link_name":"Wynton Marsalis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brecker_@_jazz_for_kerry.jpg"},{"link_name":"Michael Brecker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Brecker"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HERBIE_HANCOCK_1999.jpg"},{"link_name":"Herbie Hancock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbie_Hancock"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Terence_Blanchard_performing.jpg"},{"link_name":"Terence Blanchard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence_Blanchard"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chick_Corea_(ZMF_2019)_IMGP8025_(cropped).jpg"},{"link_name":"Chick Corea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chick_Corea"}],"text":"Two-time winner Ella Fitzgerald.Two-time winner Bill Evans.1974 award-winner Art Tatum.Two-time winner Dizzy Gillespie.Four-time winner Oscar Peterson.1982 winner John Coltrane.Three-time winner Miles Davis.Three-time winner Wynton Marsalis.Six-time winner Michael Brecker.Three-time winner Herbie Hancock.Two-time winner Terence Blanchard.Seven-time winner Chick Corea.","title":"Recipients"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Two-time winner Ella Fitzgerald.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ella_Fitzgerald_%28Gottlieb_02871%29.jpg/170px-Ella_Fitzgerald_%28Gottlieb_02871%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Two-time winner Bill Evans.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bill_Evans.jpg/170px-Bill_Evans.jpg"},{"image_text":"1974 award-winner Art Tatum.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Art_Tatum%2C_Vogue_Room_1948_%28Gottlieb%29.jpg/170px-Art_Tatum%2C_Vogue_Room_1948_%28Gottlieb%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Two-time winner Dizzy Gillespie.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Dizzy_Gillespie_holding_memoir_%22To_Be_or_Not_to_Bop%22.jpg/170px-Dizzy_Gillespie_holding_memoir_%22To_Be_or_Not_to_Bop%22.jpg"},{"image_text":"Four-time winner Oscar Peterson.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Oscar_Peterson_-_1950.JPG/170px-Oscar_Peterson_-_1950.JPG"},{"image_text":"1982 winner John Coltrane.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/John_Coltrane_in_1963.jpg/170px-John_Coltrane_in_1963.jpg"},{"image_text":"Three-time winner Miles Davis.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Miles_Davis_Strasbourg_face_2.jpg/170px-Miles_Davis_Strasbourg_face_2.jpg"},{"image_text":"Three-time winner Wynton Marsalis.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Wynton_Marsalis%2C_2007-03-19_01.jpg/170px-Wynton_Marsalis%2C_2007-03-19_01.jpg"},{"image_text":"Six-time winner Michael Brecker.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Brecker_%40_jazz_for_kerry.jpg/170px-Brecker_%40_jazz_for_kerry.jpg"},{"image_text":"Three-time winner Herbie Hancock.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/HERBIE_HANCOCK_1999.jpg/170px-HERBIE_HANCOCK_1999.jpg"},{"image_text":"Two-time winner Terence Blanchard.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Terence_Blanchard_performing.jpg/170px-Terence_Blanchard_performing.jpg"},{"image_text":"Seven-time winner Chick Corea.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Chick_Corea_%28ZMF_2019%29_IMGP8025_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Chick_Corea_%28ZMF_2019%29_IMGP8025_%28cropped%29.jpg"}]
| null |
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Monument_(Philadelphia)
|
Lincoln Monument (Philadelphia)
|
["1 Description","2 History","2.1 Monument Association","2.2 1871 Dedication","2.3 Present day","3 Inscriptions","4 See also","5 References","6 External links"]
|
Coordinates: 39°58′10.56″N 75°11′4.02″W / 39.9696000°N 75.1844500°W / 39.9696000; -75.1844500Statue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Lincoln MonumentThe monument in 202339°58′10.56″N 75°11′4.02″W / 39.9696000°N 75.1844500°W / 39.9696000; -75.1844500LocationKelly Drive & Sedgley Drive,Fairmount Park, PhiladelphiaDesignerRandolph RogersTypeStatueMaterialSculpture: bronzeBase: granite & bronzeLength17 ft (5.2 m)Width15 ft (4.6 m)HeightOverall: 32 ft (9.8 m)Sculpture: 8.67 ft (2.64 m)Beginning dateCommissioned 1866Cast 1870Dedicated dateSeptember 22, 1871Dedicated toAbraham LincolnOwnerCity of PhiladelphiaFairmount Park Commission
Lincoln Monument (Philadelphia) is a monument honoring Abraham Lincoln in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. One of the first initiated in memory of the assassinated president, the monument was designed by neoclassical sculptor Randolph Rogers and completed in 1871. It is now located northeast of the intersection of Kelly Drive and Sedgley Drive, opposite Boathouse Row.
Description
Rogers modeled Lincoln the Emancipator in Rome. The twice-life-size bronze sculpture depicts a seated Lincoln in the act of signing the Emancipation Proclamation, and is about 8.67 ft (2.64 m) in height, 4 ft (1.2 m) in width, and 8 ft (2.4 m) in length.
Lincoln the Emancipator The granite base is in three sections: The upper section features four bronze plaques depicting a laurel wreath and crossed swords (east), crossed American flags (west), the Seal of the City of Philadelphia (north), and the Great Seal of the United States (south). At the corners, bronze eagles stand atop granite scrolls before bronze garlands of laurel leaves. The middle section features the monument's dedication inscription and quotations from the Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address, and Second Inaugural Address. The lower section is sloped and rough-cut, with projecting buttresses at the corners. The base is about 23.5 ft (7.2 m) in height.
The statue and bronzework were cast at the Royal Bavarian Foundry in Munich, in 1870, at a cost of $3,000. The granite base was executed by Struthers & Sons, a Philadelphia masonry firm.: 65 "The cost of the statue was nineteen thousand three hundred dollars, and of the granite base nine thousand four hundred dollars."
History
Monument Association
President Lincoln was assassinated on April 15, 1865, and on May 22 the Lincoln Monument Association was formed in Philadelphia.: 63 Chaired by Mayor Alexander Henry, the Association rapidly raised $22,000 to commission a monument for the city honoring the late president of the United States. A number of American sculptors were invited to submit a pair of models for the monument's sculpture—a standing figure of Lincoln; and a group featuring a standing Lincoln and an allegorical figure. Thomas Ball and Randolph Rogers were the only sculptors to submit models.
Rogers strayed from the Association's guidelines: his solo figure was a seated Lincoln; and, instead of the late president and a Greek goddess, his group featured a crouching semi-nude enslaved woman, with a standing Lincoln helping her to rise. The sculptor justified his seated figure: "Mr. Lincoln in a sitting posture holding in one hand the Emancipation Proclamation, and a pen in the other, his eyes turned toward heaven, asking the Almighty for his approval for the act. It was the great event of his life." The Association chose the seated Lincoln over the slavery group, and Rogers was awarded the Philadelphia commission in 1866.
Rogers, an American expatriate who trained and lived most of his life in Italy, created the Columbus Doors for the U.S. Capitol, 1855–1861. Concurrently with the Philadelphia monument, he worked on four major Civil War monuments—the Soldiers' National Monument (1865–1869) at Gettysburg National Cemetery; the Rhode Island Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (1866–1871) in Providence; the Michigan Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (1867–1872) in Detroit; and the Soldiers' Monument (1871–1874) in Worcester, Massachusetts.
Rogers's final design was approved by the Association by March 1868:
THE PHILADELPHIA LINCOLN MONUMENT.—The Lincoln Monument Association of this city have adopted a design for a bronze statue of the late President of the United States, ABRAHAM LINCOLN. It is the work of RANDOLPH ROGERS, the American sculptor, at Rome. The figure is in a sitting posture, and will be nine feet high, and the pedestal, of granite, fourteen feet high. In the left hand Mr. LINCOLN holds the Emancipation Proclamation, and in his right the pen with which he has just signed it. The upper-side panels of the pedestal will be decorated with the arms of the United States on the one side and those of the City of Philadelphia on the other, in bronze, the corners being supported with Roman fasces, also in bronze. on the lower corners of the pedestal are four American Eagles supporting festoons of laurels, all in bronze. The bronze work is to be executed at the Royal Foundry, at Munich. The whole cost of the monument will be about $30,000, of which the Association has some $25,000.
The Association's chosen site for the Lincoln Monument was the center of the intersection of North Broad Street and Girard Avenue, but this plan was abandoned in 1869, for Fairmount Park.: 65–66
1871 Dedication
Lincoln Monument, in 1918. East River Drive (now Kelly Drive) passes left to right, Sedgley Drive recedes into the background right.
The monument was installed on a grassy traffic circle at the intersection of East River Drive (now Kelly Drive) and Sedgley Drive. A temporary platform was erected opposite it for the monument's September 22, 1871 dedication.The day adopted for the formal unveiling of the statue was the anniversary of Mr. Lincoln's first proclamation of emancipation. To give eclat to the occasion various functionaries connected with the national and State Governments, the corporate authorities of the city, literary and scientific bodies, and a number of citizens distinguished by services and merit were invited to attend. The entire volunteer force of the first military division paraded, and numerous commanderies of the Knights Templars, in their gorgeous costumes, also assisted.: 22
A number of speakers addressed the crowd of 50,000. President Ulysses S. Grant had been invited, but was unable to attend. Instead, the oratory address was delivered by Col. William McMichael, a former military aide to Gen. Grant and the son of a former Philadelphia mayor. McMichael began with a greeting, recounted the major events of the Civil War and Lincoln's assassination, the President's funeral procession in Philadelphia and lying in state at Independence Hall, and concluded with a quote from the Gettysburg Address. Excerpts:
In your presence, fellow-citizens, who loved him; on this chosen spot, in the chosen city where the nation was born in whose cause he died, and in the sight of heaven, whither his spirit has ascended, we unveil this statue of the greatest man of our time.: 73 We have come together to-day to dedicate a monument to this great, good man; great in his goodness, good in his greatness. An honest man—not merely in the sense of pecuniary correctness—no mean praise now—but honest also in that high integrity which places principle before policy, champions the cause of truth in the face of prejudice, and defends the right for its own sake, unswerved by patronage, unbribed by place. He had the wisdom to discern, the sincerity to avow his faith, the courage to maintain it. Long ago he declared that this Union could not endure half slave and half free. It seemed like heresy to say so then. We know that it was prophecy now. In this statue behold the record of its fulfilment. Who foretold liberty, himself proclaimed it.: 79–80
Randolph Rogers traveled from Italy for the unveiling, and was acknowledged from the platform.: 81 The dedication ceremony was followed by a grand military parade, "which embraced the First Division of Pennsylvania Volunteers, under Maj.-Gen. Charles M. Prevost and four brigades under Brig.-Gens. John P. Bankson, J. William Hoffman, William B. Thomas, and Louis Wagner."
Present day
In January 2002, the Lincoln Monument was relocated about 100 ft (30 m) to the north side of Kelly Drive, and the traffic circle was eliminated.
Inscriptions
The inscriptions are carved in granite on plaques at the middle section of the base.
Dedication, east (front) side:
TO
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
FROM A GRATEFUL PEOPLE
From the Emancipation Proclamation, south (left) side:
I DO ORDER AND DECLARE
THAT ALL PERSONS HELD
AS SLAVES WITHIN THE STATES
IN REBELLION ARE AND HENCE-FORTH SHALL BE FREE
From the Gettysburg Address, west (back) side:
LET US HERE HIGHLY RESOLVE
THAT THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE
BY THE PEOPLE
AND FOR THE PEOPLE
SHALL NOT PERISH FROM THIS EARTH
From Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address, north (right) side:
WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE
WITH CHARITY TOWARD ALL
WITH FIRMNESS IN THE RIGHT
AS GOD GIVES US TO SEE THE RIGHT,
LET US FINISH THE WORK WE ARE IN
See also
List of public art in Philadelphia
List of statues of Abraham Lincoln
List of sculptures of presidents of the United States
References
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Fourth Annual Report of the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, (Philadelphia: King & Baird, printers, 1872).
^ a b c d e f g h i Lincoln (sculpture), from Smithsonian Institution Research Information System.
^ a b c d e f Abraham Lincoln (1871)" (overview of the sculpture and its history). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Association for Public Art, retrieved online, July 12, 2019.
^ Edward Colimore, The Philadelphia Inquirer's Guide to Historic Philadelphia, (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003), p. 205.
^ a b John Thomas Scharf and Thompson Westcott, History of Philadelphia, 1609–1884, Volume 3 (Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Company, 1884), pp. 1859–1860.
^ a b c Kirk Savage, Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves: Race, War and Monuments in Nineteenth-Century America, (Princeton University Press, 1997), pp. 76–77, 83–84.
^ Roslyn F. Brenner, Philadelphia's Outdoor Art: A Walking Tour (Philadelphia: Cameo Books Inc., 1987), p. 129.
^ a b "Our Martyr President: Tribute to His Memory: Unveiling of the Statue at the Park: Immense Outpouring of the People." Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: The Philadelphia Inquirer, September 23, 1871.
^ Columbus Doors, Architect of the Capitol Webpage
^ The Philadelphia Ledger, March 3, 1868, p. 6.
^ "William McMichael," Rossiter Johnson; John Howard Brown (1904). The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans ... Biographical Society. p. 1849.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lincoln Monument (Philadelphia).
Gasbarro, Norman. "Abraham Lincoln Statue in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia." Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: PA Historian, October 4, 2012.
Abraham Lincoln, at Philadelphia Public Art
vteAbraham Lincoln
16th President of the United States (1861–1865)
U.S. Representative for IL–7 (1847–1849)
Presidency
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← James Buchanan
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At the corners, bronze eagles stand atop granite scrolls before bronze garlands of laurel leaves. 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It was the great event of his life.\"[7] The Association chose the seated Lincoln over the slavery group, and Rogers was awarded the Philadelphia commission in 1866.[8]Rogers, an American expatriate who trained and lived most of his life in Italy, created the Columbus Doors for the U.S. Capitol, 1855–1861.[9] Concurrently with the Philadelphia monument, he worked on four major Civil War monuments—the Soldiers' National Monument (1865–1869) at Gettysburg National Cemetery; the Rhode Island Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (1866–1871) in Providence; the Michigan Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (1867–1872) in Detroit; and the Soldiers' Monument (1871–1874) in Worcester, Massachusetts.Rogers's final design was approved by the Association by March 1868:THE PHILADELPHIA LINCOLN MONUMENT.—The Lincoln Monument Association of this city have adopted a design for a bronze statue of the late President of the United States, ABRAHAM LINCOLN. It is the work of RANDOLPH ROGERS, the American sculptor, at Rome. The figure is in a sitting posture, and will be nine feet high, and the pedestal, of granite, fourteen feet high. In the left hand Mr. LINCOLN holds the Emancipation Proclamation, and in his right the pen with which he has just signed it. The upper-side panels of the pedestal will be decorated with the arms of the United States on the one side and those of the City of Philadelphia on the other, in bronze, the corners being supported with Roman fasces, also in bronze. on the lower corners of the pedestal are four American Eagles supporting festoons of laurels, all in bronze. The bronze work is to be executed at the Royal Foundry, at Munich. The whole cost of the monument will be about $30,000, of which the Association has some $25,000.[10]The Association's chosen site for the Lincoln Monument was the center of the intersection of North Broad Street and Girard Avenue, but this plan was abandoned in 1869, for Fairmount Park.[1]: 65–66","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illustrated_Souvenir_of_Fairmount_Park,_Philadelphia,_Pa._(1918)_(14771076592).jpg"},{"link_name":"traffic circle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundabout"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FPC-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FPC-1"},{"link_name":"Ulysses S. Grant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FPC-1"},{"link_name":"Col. 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Thomas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Pennsylvania_Infantry_Regiment"},{"link_name":"Louis Wagner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Wagner_(American_general)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-S&H-5"}],"sub_title":"1871 Dedication","text":"Lincoln Monument, in 1918. East River Drive (now Kelly Drive) passes left to right, Sedgley Drive recedes into the background right.The monument was installed on a grassy traffic circle at the intersection of East River Drive (now Kelly Drive) and Sedgley Drive. A temporary platform was erected opposite it for the monument's September 22, 1871 dedication.[1]The day adopted for the formal unveiling of the statue was the anniversary of Mr. Lincoln's first proclamation of emancipation. To give eclat to the occasion various functionaries connected with the national and State Governments, the corporate authorities of the city, literary and scientific bodies, and a number of citizens distinguished by services and merit were invited to attend. The entire volunteer force of the first military division paraded, and numerous commanderies of the Knights Templars, in their gorgeous costumes, also assisted.[1]: 22A number of speakers addressed the crowd of 50,000. President Ulysses S. Grant had been invited, but was unable to attend.[1] Instead, the oratory address was delivered by Col. William McMichael,[8] a former military aide to Gen. Grant and the son of a former Philadelphia mayor.[11] McMichael began with a greeting, recounted the major events of the Civil War and Lincoln's assassination, the President's funeral procession in Philadelphia and lying in state at Independence Hall, and concluded with a quote from the Gettysburg Address. Excerpts:In your presence, fellow-citizens, who loved him; on this chosen spot, in the chosen city where the nation was born in whose cause he died, and in the sight of heaven, whither his spirit has ascended, we unveil this statue of the greatest man of our time.[1]: 73 We have come together to-day to dedicate a monument to this great, good man; great in his goodness, good in his greatness. An honest man—not merely in the sense of pecuniary correctness—no mean praise now—but honest also in that high integrity which places principle before policy, champions the cause of truth in the face of prejudice, and defends the right for its own sake, unswerved by patronage, unbribed by place. He had the wisdom to discern, the sincerity to avow his faith, the courage to maintain it. Long ago he declared that this Union could not endure half slave and half free. It seemed like heresy to say so then. We know that it was prophecy now. In this statue behold the record of its fulfilment. Who foretold liberty, himself proclaimed it.[1]: 79–80Randolph Rogers traveled from Italy for the unveiling, and was acknowledged from the platform.[1]: 81 The dedication ceremony was followed by a grand military parade, \"which embraced the First Division of Pennsylvania Volunteers, under Maj.-Gen. Charles M. Prevost and four brigades under Brig.-Gens. John P. Bankson, J. William Hoffman, William B. Thomas, and Louis Wagner.\"[5]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-associationforpublicart-3"}],"sub_title":"Present day","text":"In January 2002, the Lincoln Monument was relocated about 100 ft (30 m) to the north side of Kelly Drive, and the traffic circle was eliminated.[3]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SIRIS-2"}],"text":"The inscriptions are carved in granite on plaques at the middle section of the base.Dedication, east (front) side:TO\nABRAHAM LINCOLN\n\nFROM A GRATEFUL PEOPLEFrom the Emancipation Proclamation, south (left) side:I DO ORDER AND DECLARE\nTHAT ALL PERSONS HELD\nAS SLAVES WITHIN THE STATES\n\nIN REBELLION ARE AND HENCE-FORTH SHALL BE FREEFrom the Gettysburg Address, west (back) side:LET US HERE HIGHLY RESOLVE\nTHAT THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE\nBY THE PEOPLE \nAND FOR THE PEOPLE\n\nSHALL NOT PERISH FROM THIS EARTHFrom Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address, north (right) side:WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE\nWITH CHARITY TOWARD ALL\nWITH FIRMNESS IN THE RIGHT\nAS GOD GIVES US TO SEE THE RIGHT,\n\nLET US FINISH THE WORK WE ARE IN[2]","title":"Inscriptions"}]
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[{"image_text":"Lincoln the Emancipator","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Lincoln_1871_Fairmount.jpg/220px-Lincoln_1871_Fairmount.jpg"},{"image_text":"Lincoln Monument, in 1918. East River Drive (now Kelly Drive) passes left to right, Sedgley Drive recedes into the background right.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Illustrated_Souvenir_of_Fairmount_Park%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Pa._%281918%29_%2814771076592%29.jpg/220px-Illustrated_Souvenir_of_Fairmount_Park%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Pa._%281918%29_%2814771076592%29.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"List of public art in Philadelphia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Philadelphia"},{"title":"List of statues of Abraham Lincoln","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Abraham_Lincoln"},{"title":"List of sculptures of presidents of the United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sculptures_of_presidents_of_the_United_States"}]
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[{"reference":"Rossiter Johnson; John Howard Brown (1904). The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans ... Biographical Society. p. 1849.","urls":[]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lincoln_Monument_(Philadelphia)¶ms=39_58_10.56_N_75_11_4.02_W_type:landmark","external_links_name":"39°58′10.56″N 75°11′4.02″W / 39.9696000°N 75.1844500°W / 39.9696000; -75.1844500"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lincoln_Monument_(Philadelphia)¶ms=39_58_10.56_N_75_11_4.02_W_type:landmark","external_links_name":"39°58′10.56″N 75°11′4.02″W / 39.9696000°N 75.1844500°W / 39.9696000; -75.1844500"},{"Link":"https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=158756K414C9B.61&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!21688~!6&ri=8&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Rogers&index=.AW&uindex=&oper=&term=Lincoln&index=.TW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=8","external_links_name":"Lincoln (sculpture)"},{"Link":"https://www.associationforpublicart.org/artwork/abraham-lincoln/#","external_links_name":"Abraham Lincoln (1871)"},{"Link":"http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/coldoors/index.cfm","external_links_name":"Columbus Doors"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=U-0UAAAAYAAJ&q=McMichael&pg=PA1849","external_links_name":"\"William McMichael,\""},{"Link":"http://civilwar.gratzpa.org/2012/10/abraham-lincoln-statue-in-fairmount-park-philadelphia/","external_links_name":"Abraham Lincoln Statue in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia"},{"Link":"http://www.philart.net/artist.php?id=197","external_links_name":"Abraham Lincoln"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_Crimes_Unit
|
New York City Police Department Street Crime Unit
|
["1 History","2 Methods","3 References"]
|
Street Crime UnitActive1971–2002, 2015-2020CountryUnited StatesAgencyNew York City Police DepartmentMotto"We Own The Night"AbbreviationSCU
The New York Police Department's Street Crime Unit is a plainclothes anti-crime unit. The SCU was formed in 1971 as the "City Wide Anti-Crime Unit" and operated for decades tasked with the apprehension of armed felons from the streets of New York City. The unit returned with its original name in 2015 after being disbanded for 13 years, then disbanded again in 2020 along with the rest of the anti-crime teams.
History
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2024)
On January 14, 1999, two officers from the Street Crimes Unit fired eight shots at rapper Russell "Ol' Dirty Bastard" Jones, a member of the multiplatinum group Wu-Tang Clan. The officers later accused Jones of firing at them after they stopped his car in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. Jones was cleared by a grand jury and insisted that the officers had been scared by his cellular phone. No weapons or shell casings besides those of the officers were found in the vehicle or near the scene.
The unit was disbanded after the outrage spiked in the aftermath of the Amadou Diallo shooting three weeks later. Four plainclothes New York City officers shot at Diallo 41 times in the vestibule of his apartment complex. While the officers were acquitted on the charges of murder, New York City did pay out $3 million in a civil suit brought forward by Amadou's mother, Kadijatou Diallo. A federal investigation accused the unit of racial profiling and it was subsequently disbanded in 2002.
The unit was reactivated in 2015 under the Strategic Response Group, with the name "City Wide Anti-Crime Unit". The new City Wide Anti-Crime Unit's is more investigative and intelligence based than the former Street Crimes Unit. In 2020, anti-crime units across the city were disbanded once again following the murder of George Floyd.
Methods
From 1971 to 1997, the unit was made up of 60 to 100 members. In 2000 it expanded to 300 members. It employed innovative methods, including possibly the earliest coordinated sting operations to elicit potential muggers. According to Criminal Justice Today: "The SCU disguised officers as potential mugging victims and put them in areas where they were most likely to be attacked."
The SCU would go into high-crime neighborhoods and make a much larger number of firearms-related arrests in comparison to uniformed patrol officers. In 1973, the SCU won recognition as an Exemplary Project from the U.S. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration. The LEAA was the United States' leading crime-reduction and crime-prevention funding agency. "In its first year, the SCU made nearly 4,000 arrests and averaged a successful conviction rate of around 80%. Perhaps the most telling statistic was the 'average officer day per arrest'." The SCU invested 8.2 days in each arrest, whereas the department average for all uniformed officers was 167 days."
References
^ Lowe, Jamie. "Digging for Dirt: The Life and Death of ODB", 2008. Faber & Faber.
^ Kocieniewski, David. "Success of Elite Police Unit Exacts a Toll on the Streets", "The New York Times", February 15, 1999. Retrieved 03/12/2014.
^ Schmallager, Frank. Criminal Justice Today, 8th Ed., 2005. Pearson Education, p. 195.
^ National Institute of Justice, The Exemplary Projects Program (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1982), p. 11.
vteNew York City Police DepartmentFacilities
1 Police Plaza
240 Centre Street
New York City Police Academy
New York City Police Museum
NYPD 9th Precinct
Real Time Crime Center
Bureaus
Counterterrorism Bureau
Crime Control Strategies Bureau
Detective Bureau
Housing Bureau
Intelligence Bureau
Internal Affairs Bureau
Legal Bureau
Organized Crime Control Bureau
Patrol Services Bureau
Peresonnel Bureau
Special Operations Bureau
Transportation Bureau
Training Bureau
Transit Bureau
Units/divisions
Auxiliary Police
Emergency Service Unit
Highway Patrol
Lower Manhattan Security Initiative
School Safety Division
Special Victims Division
Strategic Response Group
Street Crime Unit
Organizations
100 Blacks in Law Enforcement Who Care
Cricket League
FDNY Racing
Housing Authority Police
New York City Police Foundation
Shomrim Society
Transit Police
Police unions
Detectives' Endowment Association
Police Benevolent Association
Sergeants Benevolent Association
Events
1988 Tompkins Square Park riot
2004 Republican National Convention protest activity
George Floyd protests in New York City
Murder of Russel Timoshenko
New York City draft riots
Occupy Wall Street
Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York
Stonewall riots
Police riots
1857 New York City Police riot
1992 Patrolmen's Benevolent Association Riot
Corruption/misconduct
A Battle For The Soul of New York
Black Lives Matter protests in New York City
Central Park Five
Civilian Complaint Review Board
Museum of Broken Windows
Pappas v. Giuliani
The Seven Five
Investigations
Lexow Committee (1894-1895)
Hofstadter Committee (1931)
Knapp Commision (1970) (see also: Frank Serpico)
Mollen Commision (1992-1993)
Dirty thirty (1993-1995)
Floyd v. City of New York (2013)
Surveillance
Domain Awareness System
Handschu agreement
Moroccan Initiative
X-ray vans of the NYPD
Killings/shootings/beatings
Beating and rape of Abner Louima
Death of Michael Stewart
Harlem riot of 1943
Harlem riot of 1964
Hollywood Stuntz gang assault
Killing of Akai Gurley
Killing of Amadou Diallo
Killing of Eric Garner
Prospect Park alleged police sodomy incident
Murder of Brian Moore
Killing of Clifford Glover
Killing of Edmund Perry
Killing of Eleanor Bumpurs
Killing of Gidone Busch
Killing of Ramarley Graham
Killing of Sean Bell
Killing of Timothy Stansbury
Related
9-1-1 Tapping Protocol
CompStat
Fictional portrayals of NYPD
Launch 5
List of officers
Marino v. Ortiz
Police Commissioner
Police Athletic League of New York City
Police vehicles
Project Griffin
The Shack
Spring 3100
Stop-and-frisk
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
United States
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"New York Police Department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Police_Department"},{"link_name":"plainclothes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plainclothes_law_enforcement"}],"text":"The New York Police Department's Street Crime Unit is a plainclothes anti-crime unit. The SCU was formed in 1971 as the \"City Wide Anti-Crime Unit\" and operated for decades tasked with the apprehension of armed felons from the streets of New York City. The unit returned with its original name in 2015 after being disbanded for 13 years, then disbanded again in 2020 along with the rest of the anti-crime teams.","title":"New York City Police Department Street Crime Unit"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Russell \"Ol' Dirty Bastard\" Jones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%27_Dirty_Bastard"},{"link_name":"Wu-Tang Clan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu-Tang_Clan"},{"link_name":"Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford%E2%80%93Stuyvesant,_Brooklyn"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Amadou Diallo shooting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amadou_Diallo_shooting"},{"link_name":"racial profiling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_profiling"},{"link_name":"murder of George Floyd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd"}],"text":"On January 14, 1999, two officers from the Street Crimes Unit fired eight shots at rapper Russell \"Ol' Dirty Bastard\" Jones, a member of the multiplatinum group Wu-Tang Clan. The officers later accused Jones of firing at them after they stopped his car in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn.[1] Jones was cleared by a grand jury and insisted that the officers had been scared by his cellular phone. No weapons or shell casings besides those of the officers were found in the vehicle or near the scene.[2]The unit was disbanded after the outrage spiked in the aftermath of the Amadou Diallo shooting three weeks later. Four plainclothes New York City officers shot at Diallo 41 times in the vestibule of his apartment complex. While the officers were acquitted on the charges of murder, New York City did pay out $3 million in a civil suit brought forward by Amadou's mother, Kadijatou Diallo. A federal investigation accused the unit of racial profiling and it was subsequently disbanded in 2002.The unit was reactivated in 2015 under the Strategic Response Group, with the name \"City Wide Anti-Crime Unit\". The new City Wide Anti-Crime Unit's is more investigative and intelligence based than the former Street Crimes Unit. In 2020, anti-crime units across the city were disbanded once again following the murder of George Floyd.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"sting operations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sting_operations"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Law Enforcement Assistance Administration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Assistance_Administration"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"From 1971 to 1997, the unit was made up of 60 to 100 members. In 2000 it expanded to 300 members. It employed innovative methods, including possibly the earliest coordinated sting operations to elicit potential muggers. According to Criminal Justice Today: \"The SCU disguised officers as potential mugging victims and put them in areas where they were most likely to be attacked.\"[3]The SCU would go into high-crime neighborhoods and make a much larger number of firearms-related arrests in comparison to uniformed patrol officers. In 1973, the SCU won recognition as an Exemplary Project from the U.S. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration. The LEAA was the United States' leading crime-reduction and crime-prevention funding agency. \"In its first year, the SCU made nearly 4,000 arrests and averaged a successful conviction rate of around 80%. Perhaps the most telling statistic was the 'average officer day per arrest'.\" The SCU invested 8.2 days in each arrest, whereas the department average for all uniformed officers was 167 days.\"[4]","title":"Methods"}]
|
[]
| null |
[]
|
[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_City_Police_Department_Street_Crime_Unit&action=edit§ion=","external_links_name":"adding to it"},{"Link":"https://www.soc.umn.edu/~samaha/cases/diallo_commandos.html","external_links_name":"\"Success of Elite Police Unit Exacts a Toll on the Streets\""},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/148896055","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50074042","external_links_name":"United States"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SR_Class_4DD
|
SR Class 4DD
|
["1 History","2 Formations","3 Preservation","4 References","5 Further reading","6 External links"]
|
Southern Railway 4-DDClass 4DD no 4902 in 1972In service1949–1971Constructed1949Number built2 sets (8 cars)Number preserved2 DMBTsNumber scrapped2 DMBTs, all TTsFormationDMBT-TT-TT-DMBTFleet numberssee textCapacity552 seated, 150 standing (per set)OperatorsBritish RailLines servedCharing Cross to DartfordSpecificationsTrain length257 ft 5 in (78.46 m)Width9 ft 3 in (2.82 m)Weight133 long tons 0 cwt (297,900 lb or 135.1 t)Traction systemEnglish ElectricElectric system(s)750 V DCCurrent collector(s)Third railBraking system(s)Electro-pneumaticCoupling systemScrew-linkTrack gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
The SR Class 4DD was an experimental double-decker electric multiple unit built in 1949 and operated by the Southern Railway until 1971. Conceived by Oliver Bulleid for the Southern Railway's commuter line from London Charing Cross to Dartford, the two trains were the only double-decker trains to be used on the mainline railway network in Britain. Whilst commonly used in continental Europe and North America, the restrictive railway loading gauge in the United Kingdom prohibits normal double-decker trains with two fully separated decks.
History
The 4DD was more split-level than truly double-deck because the compartments were alternately high and low to ensure that the overall height of the train was exactly within the clearances necessary to safely pass through tunnels and under bridges. A mock-up was displayed at London Marylebone in 1949 shortly before it was first introduced into service, but an assessment after one year in service revealed that the design would not be the optimum solution to the problems of overcrowding, nor would it help increase capacity, and the decision was made to extend trains from eight coaches to ten coaches by using regular, single-decker multiple units.
A model of the SR Class 4DD
The intention to carry more passengers in a train of the same length as other contemporary stock was met, with the two 4-DD units having 1,104 seats compared to 800 in other units of similar age. However it was found that the additional number of passengers meant longer time spent at stations to allow passengers to get on and off. In practice, the upper compartments were cramped and poorly ventilated because the upper-level windows were impossible to open due to tight clearance. To resolve this problem, the compartments were pressure-ventilated, but the equipment proved to be unreliable.
Near the end, they were renumbered 4901 and 4902. 4001 and 4002 were reassigned to another pair of prototype Southern Region four-coach EMUs, the 4-PEPs.
Unusually for an "experiment" they lasted in traffic from 1949 to 1971, undergoing routine maintenance and repaints with no hiccups in their life. The two units were finally withdrawn on 1 October 1971 having travelled approximately 700,000 miles in service.
Formations
Key:
Scrapped
Preserved
Unit Numbers
DMBT
TT
TT
DMBT
Notes
Initialnumber
FinalNumber
4001
4901
13001
13501
13502
13002
(built September 1949)
4002
4902
13003
13503
13504
13004
(built October 1949)
Preservation
Driving motor cars 13003 and 13004 survive, the former at Kent Locomotives Ltd - Sellindge, Kent, and the latter at the Northamptonshire Ironstone Railway Trust. 13004 was moved to Kent by the Bulleid 4DD group to join 13003 in May 2023. One trailer was also preserved, but it was scrapped when Ashford Steam Centre closed in 1984, in lieu of rent owed. Driving motor cars 13003 and 13004 are now (May 2023) both in the care of Bulleid 4-DD Group, which plans to restore them.
References
^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Double-Deck Train (1949)". Associated British-Pathé/RKO-Pathé – via YouTube.
^ a b c "Double-decker to go". News of the month. Railway World. Vol. 32, no. 378. Shepperton: Ian Allan. November 1971. p. 467.
^ a b "SR 13003 4-DD 'Double Decker' Driving Motor Brake Third built 1949". Vintage Carriages Trust. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
^ "SR 13004 4-DD 'Double Decker' Driving Motor Brake Third built 1949". Vintage Carriages Trust. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
^ Bright, Thomas (3 November 2017). "'O1' saviour Esmond Lewis-Evans dies". Steam Railway. No. 457. Peterborough: Bauer Consumer Media. p. 18. ISSN 0143-7232.
Marsden, Colin J. (1983). Southern Electric Multiple-Units 1898–1948. Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Limited. pp. 85–88. ISBN 0-7110-1253-9.
Further reading
"Cash plea for Double-Decker EMU's 50th birthday rebuild". Rail. No. 345. EMAP Apex Publications. 2–15 December 1998. p. 63. ISSN 0953-4563. OCLC 49953699.
External links
Bulleid Double Decker Society
1949 British Pathe newsreel footage of the pre-production mockup
vteElectric multiple units of Great BritainAC units(300–399)
300
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316 (I)
316 (II)
316 (III)
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
325
331 (I)1
331 (II)
332
333
334
341
342
345
350 (I)2
350 (II)
357
360
365
370
371
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
385
387
390
395
397
AC unitsDC units(700–899)
700
701
7053
707
710
711 (I)3
711 (II)4
717
720
730
745
7555
7565
7685
7695
777
7995
8005
801
8025
803 (I)6
803 (II)
8047
8055
807
8105
AC units(pre-TOPS)
AM1
AM2
AM3
AM4
AM5
AM6
AM7
AM8
AM9
AM10
AM11
LB&SCR CP
LB&SCR CW
LB&SCR SL
MR Lancaster units
DC units(400–599)
401
402
403
404
405
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
427
430
431
432
438
442
444
445
446
447
450
455
456
457
458
460
465
466
471
480
482 (I)
482 (II)
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
499 (I)
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
510
DC units(original TOPS)
411
412
413
414
421
422
423
424
431
432
441
442
451
452
453
461
462
491
492
DC units(pre-TOPS)
LMS electric units
LNER Tyneside units
LNWR electric units
LOR electric units
LYR electric units
Mersey Railway electric units
MSJ&AR electric units
NER electric units
W&CR electric units
Battery units
BEMU
2305
Hydrogen units
600
614
Southern Railwaydesignations
2-BIL
2-EPB
2-HAL
2-HAP
2-NOL
2-PAN
2-PEP
2-SAP
2-SL
2-TIS
2-WIM
3-CEP
3-CIG
3-COP
3-SUB
3-TC
3-TIS
4-BEP
4-BIG
4-BUF
4-CAP
4-CEP
4-CIG
4-COM
4-COR
4-DD
4-DES
4-EPB
4-GRI
4-JOP
4-LAV
4-PEP
4-PER
4-REP
4-RES
4-SUB
4-TC
4-TEP
4-VEC
4-VEG
4-VEP
4-VIP
4-VOP
5-BEL
5-DES
5-TCB
5-VEC
5-WES
6-CIT
6-PAN
6-PUL
6-REP
7-TC
8-DIG
8-GAT
8-MIG
8-VAB
GLV
MLV
TLV
Miscellaneous units
398
399
499 (II)
555
599
Families
1959 design
1972 design
Mark 2-derived
Mark 3-derived
A-Train
APT
Aventra
Citylink
Civity
D-Train
Desiro
Electrostar
FLIRT
Coradia Juniper
METRO
Networker
TGV
Tube8
Velaro
Notes
1: Renumbered as Class 332
2: Renumbered as Class 325
3: Renumbered as Class 701
4: Renumbered as Class 720/6
5: Bi- or tri-mode unit
6: Renumbered as Class 802/2
7: Renumbered as Class 810
8: Grouping of different rolling stock types built to loading gauge of London Underground deep tube lines
British electric multiple units
List of locomotives
List of diesel multiple units
List of electric multiple units
List of departmental multiple units
Rolling stock of Network SouthEast
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"double-decker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilevel_rail_car"},{"link_name":"electric multiple unit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit"},{"link_name":"Southern Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Railway_(UK)"},{"link_name":"Oliver Bulleid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Bulleid"},{"link_name":"London Charing Cross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Dartford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dartford_railway_station"},{"link_name":"loading gauge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loading_gauge"}],"text":"The SR Class 4DD was an experimental double-decker electric multiple unit built in 1949 and operated by the Southern Railway until 1971. Conceived by Oliver Bulleid for the Southern Railway's commuter line from London Charing Cross to Dartford, the two trains were the only double-decker trains to be used on the mainline railway network in Britain. Whilst commonly used in continental Europe and North America, the restrictive railway loading gauge in the United Kingdom prohibits normal double-decker trains with two fully separated decks.","title":"SR Class 4DD"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"clearances","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_tolerance"},{"link_name":"London Marylebone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marylebone_station"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"multiple units","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_unit"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-world-2"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SR_Class_4DD_Model.jpg"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-world-2"},{"link_name":"4-PEPs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Classes_445_and_446"},{"link_name":"routine maintenance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planned_maintenance"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-world-2"}],"text":"The 4DD was more split-level than truly double-deck because the compartments were alternately high and low to ensure that the overall height of the train was exactly within the clearances necessary to safely pass through tunnels and under bridges. A mock-up was displayed at London Marylebone in 1949 shortly before it was first introduced into service,[1] but an assessment after one year in service revealed that the design would not be the optimum solution to the problems of overcrowding, nor would it help increase capacity, and the decision was made to extend trains from eight coaches to ten coaches by using regular, single-decker multiple units.[2]A model of the SR Class 4DDThe intention to carry more passengers in a train of the same length as other contemporary stock was met, with the two 4-DD units having 1,104 seats compared to 800 in other units of similar age. However it was found that the additional number of passengers meant longer time spent at stations to allow passengers to get on and off.[2] In practice, the upper compartments were cramped and poorly ventilated because the upper-level windows were impossible to open due to tight clearance. To resolve this problem, the compartments were pressure-ventilated, but the equipment proved to be unreliable.Near the end, they were renumbered 4901 and 4902. 4001 and 4002 were reassigned to another pair of prototype Southern Region four-coach EMUs, the 4-PEPs.Unusually for an \"experiment\" they lasted in traffic from 1949 to 1971, undergoing routine maintenance and repaints with no hiccups in their life. The two units were finally withdrawn on 1 October 1971 having travelled approximately 700,000 miles in service.[2]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Formations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-VCT13003-3"},{"link_name":"Northamptonshire Ironstone Railway Trust","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northamptonshire_Ironstone_Railway_Trust"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-VCT13004-4"},{"link_name":"Ashford Steam Centre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashford_Steam_Centre"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SR457-5"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-VCT13003-3"}],"text":"Driving motor cars 13003 and 13004 survive, the former at Kent Locomotives Ltd - Sellindge, Kent,[3] and the latter at the Northamptonshire Ironstone Railway Trust.[4] 13004 was moved to Kent by the Bulleid 4DD group to join 13003 in May 2023. One trailer was also preserved, but it was scrapped when Ashford Steam Centre closed in 1984, in lieu of rent owed.[5] Driving motor cars 13003 and 13004 are now (May 2023) both in the care of Bulleid 4-DD Group, which plans to restore them.[3]","title":"Preservation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"ISSN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0953-4563","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/issn/0953-4563"},{"link_name":"OCLC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"49953699","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/oclc/49953699"}],"text":"\"Cash plea for Double-Decker EMU's 50th birthday rebuild\". Rail. No. 345. EMAP Apex Publications. 2–15 December 1998. p. 63. ISSN 0953-4563. OCLC 49953699.","title":"Further reading"}]
|
[{"image_text":"A model of the SR Class 4DD","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/SR_Class_4DD_Model.jpg/220px-SR_Class_4DD_Model.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Double-Deck Train (1949)\". Associated British-Pathé/RKO-Pathé – via YouTube.","urls":[{"url":"https://youtube.com/watch?v=1a2K0TP1lxM","url_text":"\"Double-Deck Train (1949)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path%C3%A9_News","url_text":"Associated British-Pathé/RKO-Pathé"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube","url_text":"YouTube"}]},{"reference":"\"Double-decker to go\". News of the month. Railway World. Vol. 32, no. 378. Shepperton: Ian Allan. November 1971. p. 467.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"SR 13003 4-DD 'Double Decker' Driving Motor Brake Third built 1949\". Vintage Carriages Trust. Retrieved 1 November 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=555","url_text":"\"SR 13003 4-DD 'Double Decker' Driving Motor Brake Third built 1949\""}]},{"reference":"\"SR 13004 4-DD 'Double Decker' Driving Motor Brake Third built 1949\". Vintage Carriages Trust. Retrieved 1 November 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=556","url_text":"\"SR 13004 4-DD 'Double Decker' Driving Motor Brake Third built 1949\""}]},{"reference":"Bright, Thomas (3 November 2017). \"'O1' saviour Esmond Lewis-Evans dies\". Steam Railway. No. 457. Peterborough: Bauer Consumer Media. p. 18. ISSN 0143-7232.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0143-7232","url_text":"0143-7232"}]},{"reference":"\"Cash plea for Double-Decker EMU's 50th birthday rebuild\". Rail. No. 345. EMAP Apex Publications. 2–15 December 1998. p. 63. ISSN 0953-4563. OCLC 49953699.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_(magazine)","url_text":"Rail"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0953-4563","url_text":"0953-4563"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49953699","url_text":"49953699"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Brown_(librarian)
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Ruth Brown (librarian)
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["1 Life","2 Activities leading to dismissal","3 Personal life","4 Popular culture","5 References","6 Further reading","7 External links"]
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American librarian (1891–1975)
Ruth BrownBorn(1891-07-26)July 26, 1891Hiawatha, Kansas, United StatesDiedSeptember 10, 1975(1975-09-10) (aged 84)Collinsville, Oklahoma, United StatesAlma materUniversity of OklahomaOccupationLibrarian
Ruth Winifred Brown (July 26, 1891 – September 10, 1975) was an American librarian, best known for her dismissal from service for civil rights activities in the late 1940s. On July 25, 1950, she was dismissed after 30 years of service as the Bartlesville, Oklahoma public librarian. She was relieved of her duties in 1950 on the baseless accusation that she was a communist when, in fact, she was fired because of her desegregation activities. She was accused of providing "subversive" materials to the public and indoctrinating children against the principles of America. However, it was widely believed at the time that her dismissal was in response to her activities promoting the equality of African-Americans during a time when the leading citizens of the city were not ready to face equality for all.
Life
Brown was born in Hiawatha, Kansas on July 26, 1891 to Silas and Jennie Brown, two New England transplants. She lived with her parents and brother Merrit in Kansas until the family moved to California where Brown went to high school. She attended high school in California and then Northwestern State Normal School in Alva, Oklahoma. Graduating in 1910, Brown then attended the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma, graduating in 1915. Brown also attended the School of Library Service of Columbia University during summers, where she worked with Helen E. Haines and Ernestine Rose (librarian), both of which were fierce supporters of intellectual freedom.} Brown taught in Eufaula and Nowata but chose not to continue in the profession. Instead she wanted to move back home to be closer to her parents, especially her mother who was confined to a wheelchair. Brown moved to the small town of Bartlesville in 1919, where her parents now lived. In November 1919, Brown accepted the job a librarian at the local Carnegie library in Bartlesville. She felt a calling to her work and said she would not marry because the library was "like a marriage to her". She was passionate about the children who visited the library, knew them all by name, and even persuaded some to become librarians.
Active in the Oklahoma Library Association (OLA), Brown was elected secretary in 1920, treasurer in 1926, and president in 1931. During her presidential year, she gave a speech which advised librarians to "reduce to a minimum worry about lost books" and to encourage the many who did not "make use of their right to library service". She stated that libraries should provide "recreational culture suited to all needs" of the community they served which was a forward-thinking idea for libraries at that time. Like Ranganathan's first law, she believed books were for use and wanted "books worn out by use". Brown truly believed that the library should be both a repository for information and a source for wholesome recreation.
Brown was a library advocate during the Depression and provided useful materials for the unemployed men in the community as well as their families. She also documented how her materials were used, sometimes in great detail. For example, in 1931, she reported that the library's collection of 25,062 volumes had been used 13.19 times by every person in her service area. She was also a fervent believer in the principle of "equity of access" with her commitment to racial equality in the use of the public library.
Activities leading to dismissal
The original Bartlesville Public Library, which was built with a Carnegie library grant. Ruth W. Brown worked there.
Brown had long worked for equal rights for all citizens. As early as the 1920s, she was working to allow equal access to the library for African-Americans.
In 1946, after the observing how African-American soldiers fought in the army for rights they were denied at home, Brown helped established the Committee on the Practice of Democracy (COPD) in Bartlesville. The COPD worked to improve "relations among people of all races; more particularly, to foster improvement of conditions arising out of discrimination based on race, creed, or color". Later the same year, the Bartlesville chapter of COPD decided to affiliate with the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) becoming the only chapter of CORE below the Mason–Dixon line. The group quickly went into action working to recruit an African-American doctor to live and work in the black community of Bartlesville. They, together with the YWCA, sponsored interracial conferences and seminars featuring black and white speakers.
In 1939, only 99 of the 774 Southern public libraries provided services for African American patrons. Though these libraries were under the doctrine of "separate but equal", African American libraries received inadequate reading materials, short hours, and minimal budgets. In the Bartlesville Public Library, Brown had been providing service to African Americans since the 1920s. Records show borrower's names in the registry and a small number are identified as "colored". By 1950, the library subscribed to Ebony and Negro Digest. Apparently, Brown was also interested in integrating the children's story time but was dissuaded from doing so by the library commission. She then turned her attention to an educational exhibit on "Negro Culture from Africa to Today". On a personal note, Brown was pushing the cultural norms and limits in many ways. She upset many in the community when she took two female, African-American teachers to a local diner in downtown Bartlesville. The diner refused to serve them and Brown and her companions staged what later became known (during the civil rights era) as a "sit-in". She took African-American friends with her to church and promoted a lecture by Bayard Rustin, an African-American Quaker pacifist. Almost immediately, the leaders of the community began to work to remove Brown.
The battle between the American Legion and librarian Ruth W. Brown over materials in the Bartlesville Public Library (BPL) revealed the racial tensions in 1950s Oklahoma and the use of McCarthyist tactics to counter the forces of integration.
A citizens' committee was formed to work towards her dismissal. Though it now seems apparent that the true reason behind the anger in the community was a backlash against integration, at the time even the city leaders and commission realized that Brown could not be fired because of her political views and her civil rights activities as they all took place in her own time. Instead, the citizen's group against Brown attacked her for having supposedly subversive materials in the library. The library board was asked by the city commission to perform a complete examination of the library's collection and the general operations and work ethic of Brown. After a thorough examination, the library board reported that they could not find any evidence of subversive materials or subversive teachings.
On March 9, 1950, the Bartlesville paper, the Examiner-Enterprise, published a picture of the materials in question. The picture showed a pile of copies of The Nation and The New Republic (magazines that were now being questioned but which had been subscribed to by the library for years) with two books on top. The first book was The Russians: The Land, the People and Why They Fight and the other was pictured without its dust jacket or any library markings. There was never any acknowledgement or admission by the paper of where this picture was taken. It had not been authorized by the library board and the books on top could never again be located. The library board, the American Library Association's Intellectual Freedom Committee and Brown were locked in a battle with the Bartlesville city leaders. Miss Brown is nationally recognized as the first librarian to receive assistance from the Intellectual Freedom Committee of the American Library Association.
On July 10, the city commission thanked the library board for its service and summarily dismissed them all. A new board was immediately appointed which supported the city's position regarding Brown. The campaign to fire her was almost complete and though "everyone knows what they are really fighting" as Brown later commented to a friend, her opponents chose the McCarthy era scare tactics as a more viable way to rid the city of her progressive views on racial equality. Brown was interviewed by the city commission on July 25, 1950. She refused to answer questions about her private life except in writing at her attorney's request. When asked about having the subversive materials (New Republic, The Nation, Soviet Russia Today) in the library she responded that they were three of seventy-five publications to which she subscribed. Further, she continued, she did not feel she should censor what her public chose to read and that she had subscribed to them for 15 or 20 years. However, in spite of no clear evidence of subversion, she was fired the same day.
Allegations of subversive Communist activity centered on threatening the "American way of life", as it was put by one of her antagonists, the postmaster and library board chairman E. R. Christopher. Bartlesville's elite resorted to censorship and suppression to silence the proponents of racial justice and equality and rid the library of supposedly subversive material. McCarthyism was an effective means to ensure the preservation of Bartlesville's conservative power structure.
Though the Bartlesville commission's public position was that Brown was fired for insubordination, to the outside, it appeared she had been fired for trying to protect the library's position of intellectual freedom and the right to free speech. A group of supporters, calling themselves the Friends of Miss Brown, tried to pursue her cause in court but were unsuccessful due to a lack of constitutional standing. Though she was unsuccessful, her friends managed to keep her case in the public eye for quite some time. The Oklahoma Library Association as well as the ALA and the ACLU all protested the attack on intellectual freedom and Bartlesville continued to be scrutinized on a national level. This attention surprised and embarrassed the town which wished to go back to the way things were and end the spotlight on Bartlesville.
On March 11, 2007, a bronze bust of Brown was unveiled at the Bartlesville Library and a library scholarship fund was established in her honor.
Personal life
Although Brown never married, she did attempt to adopt two sisters who were orphaned. The welfare agency was unwilling to place them with Brown who was unmarried. The elder, Mildred "Holly" Holiday, ran away from her abusive foster parents when she was eighteen and went back to live with Brown. Holly's sister Ellen then ran away to live with Brown who was finally able to adopt the younger girl.
After her retirement, Brown moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, staying in an adjacent apartment near Holly's residence. Due to failing health, Brown moved in with Ellen's family in Collinsville, Oklahoma. On September 10, 1975, Brown died at the age of 84 from complications of a stroke. At her request, her body was donated to the University of Oklahoma Medical Center.
Popular culture
The events in Columbia Pictures' 1956 film Storm Center were largely fictional, but the character played by Bette Davis was based on Ruth Brown and her struggle with the county commission over communist literature.
References
^ "Ruth Brown". Oklahoma Library Legends. Archived from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved October 22, 2009.
^ Wiegard, Wayne (June–July 1999). "This Month 49 Years ago...". American Libraries. 30 (6): 142. JSTOR 25637218.
^ a b Caute, David (1978). The Great Fear: the Anti-Communist purge under Truman and Eisenhower. London: Secker and Warburg. p. 454. ISBN 978-0-436-09511-5.
^ a b c d e Robbins 2000, p. 28.
^ Robbins 2000, p. 34.
^ Robbins 2000, p. 29.
^ Robbins 2000, p. 30.
^ a b c d Robbins 2000, p. 32.
^ a b Robbins 2000, p. 33.
^ a b c Robbins 2000, p. 35.
^ Robbins 2007, p. 423.
^ a b c d e f g Robbins, Louise S. (July 1996). "Racism and Censorship in Cold War Oklahoma: The Case of Ruth W. Brown and the Bartlesville Public Library". Southwestern Historical Quarterly. 100 (1): 18–46. JSTOR 30240219.
^ a b Robbins 2000, p. 38.
^ Robbins 2000, p. 42.
^ Robbins 2000, p. 37–38.
^ Robbins 2000, p. 49.
^ Robbins 2000, p. 54.
^ Robbins 2000, p. 37.
^ Robbins 2000, p. 55.
^ Robbins 2000, p. 58.
^ a b c Robbins 2000, p. 59.
^ a b "Miss Ruth Brown". Bartlesville Public Library. Retrieved October 22, 2009.
^ a b c Robbins 2000, p. 70.
^ Robbins 2000, p. 116.
^ Robbins, Louise S. (2007). "Responses to the Resurrection of Miss Ruth Brown: An Essay on the Reception of a Historical Case Study". Libraries & the Cultural Record. 42 (4): 422–437. doi:10.1353/lac.2007.0066. JSTOR 25549440. S2CID 161229273.
^ Robbins 2000, p. 30.
^ Robbins 2000, pp. 126–127.
^ "Storm Center". American Library Association. Archived from the original on November 1, 2013.
Further reading
"Censors, Firing Hit At Session of Librarians". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 4, 1951.
Gilstrap, Max K. (March 3, 1951). "Battle of Bartlesville The Wide Horizon". Christian Science Monitor.
Henderson, James W. (October 15, 1950). "Ruth Brown's Dismissal Shocks Former Bartlesville Resident". Library Journal. pp. 1810–11 – via Pittsburg State University.
Robbins, Louise S. (2000). The Dismissal of Miss Ruth Brown. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-806-13314-0.
External links
Bartlesville Public Library
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Germany
Netherlands
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She attended high school in California and then Northwestern State Normal School in Alva, Oklahoma.[4] Graduating in 1910, Brown then attended the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma, graduating in 1915. Brown also attended the School of Library Service of Columbia University during summers, where she worked with Helen E. Haines and Ernestine Rose (librarian), both of which were fierce supporters of intellectual freedom.[5]} Brown taught in Eufaula and Nowata but chose not to continue in the profession. Instead she wanted to move back home to be closer to her parents, especially her mother who was confined to a wheelchair. Brown moved to the small town of Bartlesville in 1919, where her parents now lived.[4] In November 1919, Brown accepted the job a librarian at the local Carnegie library in Bartlesville.[4] She felt a calling to her work and said she would not marry because the library was \"like a marriage to her\".[4] She was passionate about the children who visited the library, knew them all by name, and even persuaded some to become librarians.[6]Active in the Oklahoma Library Association (OLA), Brown was elected secretary in 1920, treasurer in 1926, and president in 1931.[7] During her presidential year, she gave a speech which advised librarians to \"reduce to a minimum worry about lost books\" and to encourage the many who did not \"make use of their right to library service\".[8] She stated that libraries should provide \"recreational culture suited to all needs\" of the community they served which was a forward-thinking idea for libraries at that time.[8] Like Ranganathan's first law, she believed books were for use and wanted \"books worn out by use\".[9] Brown truly believed that the library should be both a repository for information and a source for wholesome recreation.[8]Brown was a library advocate during the Depression and provided useful materials for the unemployed men in the community as well as their families. 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Nation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nation"},{"link_name":"The New Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Republic"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbins2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780806131634page58mode2up_59]-21"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbins2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780806131634page58mode2up_59]-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bartlesville-22"},{"link_name":"American Library Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Library_Association"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bartlesville-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbins2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780806131634page70mode2up_70]-23"},{"link_name":"McCarthy era","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthy_era"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbins2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780806131634page70mode2up_70]-23"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbins2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780806131634page70mode2up_70]-23"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dc-3"},{"link_name":"American way of life","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_way_of_life"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbins2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780806131634page116mode2up_116]-24"},{"link_name":"censorship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Robbins1996np-12"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Robbins1996np-12"},{"link_name":"Oklahoma Library Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_Library_Association"},{"link_name":"ACLU","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACLU"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Robbins1996np-12"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"}],"text":"The original Bartlesville Public Library, which was built with a Carnegie library grant. Ruth W. Brown worked there.Brown had long worked for equal rights for all citizens. As early as the 1920s, she was working to allow equal access to the library for African-Americans.[9]In 1946, after the observing how African-American soldiers fought in the army for rights they were denied at home, Brown helped established the Committee on the Practice of Democracy (COPD) in Bartlesville.[10] The COPD worked to improve \"relations among people of all races; more particularly, to foster improvement of conditions arising out of discrimination based on race, creed, or color\".[10] Later the same year, the Bartlesville chapter of COPD decided to affiliate with the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) becoming the only chapter of CORE below the Mason–Dixon line.[11] The group quickly went into action working to recruit an African-American doctor to live and work in the black community of Bartlesville.[12] They, together with the YWCA, sponsored interracial conferences and seminars featuring black and white speakers.In 1939, only 99 of the 774 Southern public libraries provided services for African American patrons.[13] Though these libraries were under the doctrine of \"separate but equal\", African American libraries received inadequate reading materials, short hours, and minimal budgets.[13] In the Bartlesville Public Library, Brown had been providing service to African Americans since the 1920s. Records show borrower's names in the registry and a small number are identified as \"colored\". By 1950, the library subscribed to Ebony and Negro Digest.[14] Apparently, Brown was also interested in integrating the children's story time but was dissuaded from doing so by the library commission.[15] She then turned her attention to an educational exhibit on \"Negro Culture from Africa to Today\".[16] On a personal note, Brown was pushing the cultural norms and limits in many ways. She upset many in the community when she took two female, African-American teachers to a local diner in downtown Bartlesville.[10] The diner refused to serve them and Brown and her companions staged what later became known (during the civil rights era) as a \"sit-in\".[17] She took African-American friends with her to church and promoted a lecture by Bayard Rustin, an African-American Quaker pacifist.[18] Almost immediately, the leaders of the community began to work to remove Brown.[12]The battle between the American Legion and librarian Ruth W. Brown over materials in the Bartlesville Public Library (BPL) revealed the racial tensions in 1950s Oklahoma and the use of McCarthyist tactics to counter the forces of integration.A citizens' committee was formed to work towards her dismissal. Though it now seems apparent that the true reason behind the anger in the community was a backlash against integration, at the time even the city leaders and commission realized that Brown could not be fired because of her political views and her civil rights activities as they all took place in her own time.[12] Instead, the citizen's group against Brown attacked her for having supposedly subversive materials in the library.[19] The library board was asked by the city commission to perform a complete examination of the library's collection and the general operations and work ethic of Brown.[20] After a thorough examination, the library board reported that they could not find any evidence of subversive materials or subversive teachings.[12]On March 9, 1950, the Bartlesville paper, the Examiner-Enterprise, published a picture of the materials in question.[21] The picture showed a pile of copies of The Nation and The New Republic (magazines that were now being questioned but which had been subscribed to by the library for years) with two books on top. The first book was The Russians: The Land, the People and Why They Fight and the other was pictured without its dust jacket or any library markings.[21] There was never any acknowledgement or admission by the paper of where this picture was taken. It had not been authorized by the library board and the books on top could never again be located.[21] The library board, the American Library Association's Intellectual Freedom Committee and Brown were locked in a battle with the Bartlesville city leaders.[22] Miss Brown is nationally recognized as the first librarian to receive assistance from the Intellectual Freedom Committee of the American Library Association.[22]On July 10, the city commission thanked the library board for its service and summarily dismissed them all.[23] A new board was immediately appointed which supported the city's position regarding Brown. The campaign to fire her was almost complete and though \"everyone knows what they are really fighting\" as Brown later commented to a friend, her opponents chose the McCarthy era scare tactics as a more viable way to rid the city of her progressive views on racial equality. Brown was interviewed by the city commission on July 25, 1950. She refused to answer questions about her private life except in writing at her attorney's request.[23] When asked about having the subversive materials (New Republic, The Nation, Soviet Russia Today) in the library she responded that they were three of seventy-five publications to which she subscribed. Further, she continued, she did not feel she should censor what her public chose to read and that she had subscribed to them for 15 or 20 years. However, in spite of no clear evidence of subversion, she was fired the same day.[23][3]Allegations of subversive Communist activity centered on threatening the \"American way of life\", as it was put by one of her antagonists, the postmaster and library board chairman E. R. Christopher.[24] Bartlesville's elite resorted to censorship and suppression to silence the proponents of racial justice and equality and rid the library of supposedly subversive material. McCarthyism was an effective means to ensure the preservation of Bartlesville's conservative power structure.[12]Though the Bartlesville commission's public position was that Brown was fired for insubordination, to the outside, it appeared she had been fired for trying to protect the library's position of intellectual freedom and the right to free speech.[12] A group of supporters, calling themselves the Friends of Miss Brown, tried to pursue her cause in court but were unsuccessful due to a lack of constitutional standing. Though she was unsuccessful, her friends managed to keep her case in the public eye for quite some time. The Oklahoma Library Association as well as the ALA and the ACLU all protested the attack on intellectual freedom and Bartlesville continued to be scrutinized on a national level.[12] This attention surprised and embarrassed the town which wished to go back to the way things were and end the spotlight on Bartlesville.On March 11, 2007, a bronze bust of Brown was unveiled at the Bartlesville Library and a library scholarship fund was established in her honor.[25]","title":"Activities leading to dismissal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"orphaned","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan"},{"link_name":"foster parents","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster_parent"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbins2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780806131634page30mode2up_30]-26"},{"link_name":"Cincinnati","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati"},{"link_name":"Ohio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio"},{"link_name":"Collinsville, Oklahoma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collinsville,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbins2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailsisbn_9780806131634page126mode2up_126%E2%80%93127]-27"}],"text":"Although Brown never married, she did attempt to adopt two sisters who were orphaned. The welfare agency was unwilling to place them with Brown who was unmarried. The elder, Mildred \"Holly\" Holiday, ran away from her abusive foster parents when she was eighteen and went back to live with Brown. Holly's sister Ellen then ran away to live with Brown who was finally able to adopt the younger girl.[26]After her retirement, Brown moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, staying in an adjacent apartment near Holly's residence. Due to failing health, Brown moved in with Ellen's family in Collinsville, Oklahoma. On September 10, 1975, Brown died at the age of 84 from complications of a stroke. At her request, her body was donated to the University of Oklahoma Medical Center.[27]","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Storm Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_Center"},{"link_name":"Bette Davis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bette_Davis"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"}],"text":"The events in Columbia Pictures' 1956 film Storm Center were largely fictional, but the character played by Bette Davis was based on Ruth Brown and her struggle with the county commission over communist literature.[28]","title":"Popular culture"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"Ruth Brown's Dismissal Shocks Former Bartlesville Resident\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/rwb/74/"},{"link_name":"Library Journal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_Journal"},{"link_name":"Pittsburg State University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburg_State_University"},{"link_name":"The Dismissal of Miss Ruth Brown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/isbn_9780806131634"},{"link_name":"Norman, Oklahoma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-806-13314-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-806-13314-0"}],"text":"\"Censors, Firing Hit At Session of Librarians\". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 4, 1951.\nGilstrap, Max K. (March 3, 1951). \"Battle of Bartlesville The Wide Horizon\". Christian Science Monitor.\nHenderson, James W. (October 15, 1950). \"Ruth Brown's Dismissal Shocks Former Bartlesville Resident\". Library Journal. pp. 1810–11 – via Pittsburg State University.\nRobbins, Louise S. (2000). The Dismissal of Miss Ruth Brown. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-806-13314-0.","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"image_text":"The original Bartlesville Public Library, which was built with a Carnegie library grant. Ruth W. Brown worked there.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/16/Original_Bartlesville_Public_Library.jpg/220px-Original_Bartlesville_Public_Library.jpg"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Ruth Brown\". Oklahoma Library Legends. Archived from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved October 22, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100327162123/http://www.library.okstate.edu/dean/jpaust/legends/people/brown.htm","url_text":"\"Ruth Brown\""},{"url":"http://www.library.okstate.edu/dean/jpaust/legends/people/brown.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Wiegard, Wayne (June–July 1999). \"This Month 49 Years ago...\". American Libraries. 30 (6): 142. JSTOR 25637218.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25637218","url_text":"25637218"}]},{"reference":"Caute, David (1978). The Great Fear: the Anti-Communist purge under Truman and Eisenhower. London: Secker and Warburg. p. 454. ISBN 978-0-436-09511-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Caute","url_text":"Caute, David"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-436-09511-5","url_text":"978-0-436-09511-5"}]},{"reference":"Robbins, Louise S. (July 1996). \"Racism and Censorship in Cold War Oklahoma: The Case of Ruth W. Brown and the Bartlesville Public Library\". Southwestern Historical Quarterly. 100 (1): 18–46. JSTOR 30240219.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwestern_Historical_Quarterly","url_text":"Southwestern Historical Quarterly"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/30240219","url_text":"30240219"}]},{"reference":"\"Miss Ruth Brown\". Bartlesville Public Library. Retrieved October 22, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bartlesville.lib.ok.us/about/library-history/miss-ruth-brown/","url_text":"\"Miss Ruth Brown\""}]},{"reference":"Robbins, Louise S. (2007). \"Responses to the Resurrection of Miss Ruth Brown: An Essay on the Reception of a Historical Case Study\". Libraries & the Cultural Record. 42 (4): 422–437. doi:10.1353/lac.2007.0066. JSTOR 25549440. S2CID 161229273.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1353%2Flac.2007.0066","url_text":"10.1353/lac.2007.0066"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25549440","url_text":"25549440"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161229273","url_text":"161229273"}]},{"reference":"\"Storm Center\". American Library Association. Archived from the original on November 1, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131101185633/http://www.ala.org/tools/storm-center","url_text":"\"Storm Center\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Library_Association","url_text":"American Library Association"},{"url":"http://www.ala.org/tools/storm-center","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Censors, Firing Hit At Session of Librarians\". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 4, 1951.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Gilstrap, Max K. (March 3, 1951). \"Battle of Bartlesville The Wide Horizon\". Christian Science Monitor.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Henderson, James W. (October 15, 1950). \"Ruth Brown's Dismissal Shocks Former Bartlesville Resident\". Library Journal. pp. 1810–11 – via Pittsburg State University.","urls":[{"url":"https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/rwb/74/","url_text":"\"Ruth Brown's Dismissal Shocks Former Bartlesville Resident\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_Journal","url_text":"Library Journal"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburg_State_University","url_text":"Pittsburg State University"}]},{"reference":"Robbins, Louise S. (2000). The Dismissal of Miss Ruth Brown. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-806-13314-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780806131634","url_text":"The Dismissal of Miss Ruth Brown"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma","url_text":"Norman, Oklahoma"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-806-13314-0","url_text":"978-0-806-13314-0"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestre_National_de_Lille
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Orchestre national de Lille
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["1 Music directors","2 References","3 External links"]
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French orchestra
The Orchestre National de Lille is a French orchestra based in Lille. Its principal concert venue is the Auditorium du Nouveau Siècle, since 2003.
The precursor ensemble of the orchestra was the Orchestre de l'ORTF de Lille, which was made defunct in 1974. In 1976, through the actions of the Région Nord-Pas-de-Calais and conductor Jean-Claude Casadesus, the orchestra was reformed as the Orchestre philharmonique de Lille. In 1980, with government sponsorship, the orchestra took its current name, the Orchestre National de Lille.
Jean-Claude Casadesus served as music director from 1976 to 2016. In March 2016, the orchestra announced the appointment of Alexandre Bloch as its next music director, effective with the 2016–2017 season. In December 2018, the orchestra announced the extension of Bloch's contract through the 2023–2024 season.
Music directors
Jean-Claude Casadesus (1976–2016)
Alexandre Bloch (2016–present)
References
^ Diapason harmonie 1986 1986 "1974 : démantèlement de l'ORTF et d'un orchestre qui ne veut ... de questionnement des valeurs, Jean-Claude Casadesus le reconstitue, l'étoffe pour créer l'Orchestre National de Lille,"
^ Le nouvel observateur 1986 - No 1120- 1138 p.197 "L'Orchestre national de Lille est l'une des premières formations françaises, connue dans le monde entier pour son répertoire et son dynamisme. Mêler les œuvres du grand répertoire et la création contemporaine est preuve de vie.."
^ Marie-Aude Roux (2016-03-25). "Le jeune Bloch succède à Casadesus, 80 ans, à la tête de l'Orchestre national de Lille". Le Monde. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
^ Jean-Baptiste Garat (2018-12-20). "Le chef Alexandre Bloch prolongé à la tête de l'Orchestre national de Lille". Le Figaro. Retrieved 2018-12-20.
External links
Official website
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
National
Norway
France
BnF data
Germany
Israel
United States
Latvia
Australia
Academics
CiNii
Artists
MusicBrainz
People
Trove
Other
IdRef
This article about a French band or other musical ensemble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lille","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lille"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Nord-Pas-de-Calais","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais"},{"link_name":"Jean-Claude Casadesus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Claude_Casadesus"},{"link_name":"Jean-Claude Casadesus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Claude_Casadesus"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"The Orchestre National de Lille is a French orchestra based in Lille. Its principal concert venue is the Auditorium du Nouveau Siècle, since 2003.The precursor ensemble of the orchestra was the Orchestre de l'ORTF de Lille, which was made defunct in 1974.[1] In 1976, through the actions of the Région Nord-Pas-de-Calais and conductor Jean-Claude Casadesus, the orchestra was reformed as the Orchestre philharmonique de Lille. In 1980, with government sponsorship, the orchestra took its current name, the Orchestre National de Lille.Jean-Claude Casadesus served as music director from 1976 to 2016.[2] In March 2016, the orchestra announced the appointment of Alexandre Bloch as its next music director, effective with the 2016–2017 season.[3] In December 2018, the orchestra announced the extension of Bloch's contract through the 2023–2024 season.[4]","title":"Orchestre national de Lille"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Jean-Claude Casadesus (1976–2016)\nAlexandre Bloch (2016–present)","title":"Music directors"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Marie-Aude Roux (2016-03-25). \"Le jeune Bloch succède à Casadesus, 80 ans, à la tête de l'Orchestre national de Lille\". Le Monde. Retrieved 2016-04-02.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.lemonde.fr/musiques/article/2016/03/25/orchestre-national-de-lille-alexandre-bloch-succede-a-jean-claude-casadesus_4890367_1654986.html","url_text":"\"Le jeune Bloch succède à Casadesus, 80 ans, à la tête de l'Orchestre national de Lille\""}]},{"reference":"Jean-Baptiste Garat (2018-12-20). \"Le chef Alexandre Bloch prolongé à la tête de l'Orchestre national de Lille\". Le Figaro. Retrieved 2018-12-20.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2018/12/20/03006-20181220ARTFIG00162-le-chef-alexandre-bloch-prolonge-a-la-tete-de-l-orchestre-national-de-lille.php","url_text":"\"Le chef Alexandre Bloch prolongé à la tête de l'Orchestre national de Lille\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"http://www.lemonde.fr/musiques/article/2016/03/25/orchestre-national-de-lille-alexandre-bloch-succede-a-jean-claude-casadesus_4890367_1654986.html","external_links_name":"\"Le jeune Bloch succède à Casadesus, 80 ans, à la tête de l'Orchestre national de Lille\""},{"Link":"http://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/2018/12/20/03006-20181220ARTFIG00162-le-chef-alexandre-bloch-prolonge-a-la-tete-de-l-orchestre-national-de-lille.php","external_links_name":"\"Le chef Alexandre Bloch prolongé à la tête de l'Orchestre national de Lille\""},{"Link":"https://www.onlille.com/","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000114822855","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/268525012","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/5053644","external_links_name":"Norway"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139054411","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139054411","external_links_name":"BnF data"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/5149980-0","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007605045205171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85290672","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000101833&P_CON_LNG=ENG","external_links_name":"Latvia"},{"Link":"https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an40661309","external_links_name":"Australia"},{"Link":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09871514?l=en","external_links_name":"CiNii"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ed9fb39e-8d6d-4bf3-a9a2-c9f9127fb2c4","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz"},{"Link":"https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1448767","external_links_name":"Trove"},{"Link":"https://www.idref.fr/030610648","external_links_name":"IdRef"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orchestre_national_de_Lille&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_Kenya
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List of constituencies of Kenya
|
["1 I. Former Coast Province","1.1 1. Mombasa County","1.2 2. Kwale County","1.3 3. Kilifi County","1.4 4. Tana River County","1.5 5. Lamu County","1.6 6. Taita–Taveta County","2 II. Former North Eastern Province","2.1 7. Garissa County","2.2 8. Wajir County","2.3 9. Mandera County","3 III. Former Eastern Province","3.1 10. Marsabit County","3.2 11. Isiolo County","3.3 12. Meru County","3.4 13. Tharaka-Nithi County","3.5 14. Embu County","3.6 15. Kitui County","3.7 16. Machakos County","3.8 17. Makueni County","4 IV. Former Central Province","4.1 18. Nyandarua County","4.2 19. Nyeri County","4.3 20. Kirinyaga County","4.4 21. Murang'a County","4.5 22. Kiambu County","5 V. Former Rift Valley Province","5.1 23. Turkana County","5.2 24. West Pokot County","5.3 25. Samburu County","5.4 26. Trans-Nzoia County","5.5 27. Uasin Gishu County","5.6 28. Elgeyo-Marakwet County","5.7 29. Nandi County","5.8 30. Baringo County","5.9 31. Laikipia County","5.10 32. Nakuru County","5.11 33. Narok County","5.12 34. Kajiado County","5.13 35. Kericho County","5.14 36. Bomet County","6 VI. Former Western Province","6.1 37. Kakamega County","6.2 38. Vihiga County","6.3 39. Bungoma County","6.4 40. Busia County","7 VII. Former Nyanza Province","7.1 41. Siaya County","7.2 42. Kisumu County","7.3 43. Homa Bay County","7.4 44. Migori County","7.5 45. Kisii County","7.6 46. Nyamira County","8 VIII. Former Nairobi Province","8.1 47. Nairobi County","9 External links"]
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vte
Constituencies of Kenya are used to elect members of the National Assembly, the lower chamber of the Kenyan Parliament. In accordance with article 89 of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya, there are 290 constituencies, based on a formula where these constituencies were to be delineated based on population numbers. Each constituency returns one MP.
In the following lists, the population of each of the 47 counties is given as enumerated in the census of 24 August 2009. Under each county is, the number of seats it has and a list of constituencies are given.
I. Former Coast Province
Coast Province.
1. Mombasa County
Population (2019): 1,208,333.
Current number of seats: 6.
Constituencies: 1. Changamwe, 2. Jomvu, 3. Kisauni, 4. Nyali, 5. Likoni, 6. Mvita.
2. Kwale County
Population (2019): 866,820.
Current number of seats: 4.
Constituencies: 7. Msambweni, 8. Lunga Lunga, 9. Matuga, 10. Kinango.
3. Kilifi County
Population (2019): 1,453,787.
Current number of seats: 7.
Constituencies: 11. Kilifi North, 12. Kilifi South, 13. Kaloleni, 14. Rabai, 15. Ganze, 16. Malindi, 17. Magarini.
4. Tana River County
Population (2019): 315,943.
Current number of seats: 3.
Constituencies: 18. Garsen, 19. Galole, 20. Bura.
5. Lamu County
Population (2019): 143,920.
Current number of seats: 2.
Constituencies: 21. Lamu East, 22. Lamu West.
6. Taita–Taveta County
Population (2019): 340,671.
Current number of seats: 4.
Constituencies: 23. Taveta, 24. Wundanyi, 25. Mwatate, 26. Voi.
II. Former North Eastern Province
Former North Eastern Province.
7. Garissa County
Population (2009): 623,060.
Current number of seats: 6.
Constituencies: 27. Garissa Township (formerly Dujis Constituency), 28. Balambala, 29. Lagdera, 30. Dadaab, 31. Fafi, 32. Ijara.
8. Wajir County
Population (2009): 661,941.
Current number of seats: 6.
Constituencies: 33. Wajir North, 34. Wajir East, 35. Tarbaj, 36. Wajir West, 37. Eldas, 38. Wajir South.
9. Mandera County
Population (2009): 1,025,756.
Current number of seats: 6.
Constituencies: 39. Mandera West, 40. Banissa, 41. Mandera North, 42. Mandera South, 43. Mandera East, 44. Lafey.
III. Former Eastern Province
Former Eastern Province.
10. Marsabit County
Population (2009): 291,166.
Current number of seats: 4.
Constituencies: 45. Moyale, 46. North Horr, 47. Saku, 48. Laisamis.
11. Isiolo County
Population (2009): 143,294.
Current number of seats: 2.
Constituencies: 49. Isiolo North, 50. Isiolo South.
12. Meru County
Population (2009): 1,356,301.
Current number of seats: 9.
Constituencies: 51. Igembe South, 52. Igembe Central, 53. Igembe North, 54. Tigania West, 55. Tigania East, 56. North Imenti, 57. Buuri, 58. Central Imenti, 59. South Imenti.
13. Tharaka-Nithi County
Population (2009): 365,330.
Current number of seats: 3.
Constituencies: 60. Maara, 61. Chuka/Igambang'ombe, 62. Tharaka.
14. Embu County
Population (2009): 516,212.
Current number of seats: 4.
Constituencies: 63. Manyatta, 64. Runyenjes, 65. Mbeere South, 66. Mbeere North.
15. Kitui County
Population (2009): 1,012,709.
Current number of seats: 8.
Constituencies: 67. Mwingi North, 68. Mwingi West, 69. Mwingi Central, 70. Kitui West, 71. Kitui Rural, 72. Kitui Central, 73. Kitui East, 74. Kitui South.
16. Machakos County
Population (2009): 1,098,584.
Current number of seats: 8.
Constituencies: 75. Masinga, 76. Yatta, 77. Kangundo, 78. Matungulu, 79. Kathiani, 80. Mavoko, 81. Machakos Town, 82. Mwala.
17. Makueni County
Population (2009): 111,179.
Current number of seats: 6.
Constituencies: 83. Mbooni, 84. Kilome, 85. Kaiti, 86. Makueni, 87. Kibwezi West, 88. Kibwezi East.
IV. Former Central Province
Former Central Province.
18. Nyandarua County
Population (2009): 596,268.
Current number of seats: 5.
Constituencies: 89. Kinangop, 90. Kipipiri, 91. Ol Kalou, 92. Ol Jorok, 93. Ndaragwa.
19. Nyeri County
Population (2009): 693,558.
Current number of seats: 6.
Constituencies: 94. Tetu, 95. Kieni, 96. Mathira, 97. Othaya, 98. Mukurweini, 99. Nyeri Town.
20. Kirinyaga County
Population (2009): 528,054.
Current number of seats: 4.
Constituencies: 100. Mwea, 101. Gichugu, 102. Ndia, 103. Kirinyaga Central.
21. Murang'a County
Population (2009): 942,581.
Current number of seats: 7.
Constituencies: 104. Kangema, 105. Mathioya, 106. Kiharu, 107. Kigumo, 108. Maragwa, 109. Kandara, 110. Gatanga.
22. Kiambu County
Population (2009): 1,623,282.
Current number of seats: 12.
Constituencies: 111. Gatundu South, 112. Gatundu North, 113. Juja, 114. Thika Town, 115. Ruiru, 116. Githunguri, 117. Kiambu, 118. Kiambaa, 119. Kabete, 120. Kikuyu, 121. Limuru, 122. Lari.
V. Former Rift Valley Province
Former Rift Valley Province.
23. Turkana County
Population (2009): 855,399.
Current number of seats: 6.
Constituencies: 123. Turkana North, 124. Turkana West, 125. Turkana Central, 126. Loima, 127. Turkana South, 128. Turkana East.
24. West Pokot County
Population (2009): 512,690.
Current number of seats: 4.
Constituencies: 129. Kapenguria, 130. Sigor, 131. Kacheliba, 132. Pokot South.
25. Samburu County
Population (2009): 223,947.
Current number of seats: 3.
Constituencies: 133. Samburu West, 134. Samburu North, 135. Samburu East.
26. Trans-Nzoia County
Population (2009): 818,757.
Current number of seats: 5.
Constituencies: 136. Kwanza, 137. Endebess, 138. Saboti, 139. Kiminini, 140. Cherangany.
27. Uasin Gishu County
Population (2009): 894,179.
Current number of seats: 6.
Constituencies: 141. Soy, 142. Turbo, 143. Moiben, 144. Ainabkoi, 145. Kapseret, 146. Kesses.
28. Elgeyo-Marakwet County
Population (2009): 369,998.
Current number of seats: 4.
Constituencies: 147. Marakwet East, 148. Marakwet West, 149. Keiyo North, 150. Keiyo South.
29. Nandi County
Population (2009): 752,966.
Current number of seats: 6.
Constituencies: 151. Tinderet, 152. Aldai, 153. Nandi Hills, 154. Chesumei, 155. Emgwen, 156. Mosop.
30. Baringo County
Population (2009): 555,561.
Current number of seats: 6.
Constituencies: 157. Tiaty, 158. Baringo North, 159. Baringo Central, 160. Baringo South, 161. Mogotio, 162. Eldama Ravine.
31. Laikipia County
Population (2009): 399,227.
Current number of seats: 3.
Constituencies: 163. Laikipia West, 164. Laikipia East, 165. Laikipia North.
32. Nakuru County
Population (2009): 1,603,325.
Current number of seats: 11.
Constituencies: 166. Molo, 167. Njoro, 168. Naivasha, 169. Gilgil, 170. Kuresoi South, 171. Kuresoi North, 172. Subukia, 173. Rongai, 174. Bahati, 175. Nakuru Town West, 176. Nakuru Town East.
33. Narok County
Population (2009): 850,920.
Current number of seats: 6.
Constituencies: 177. Kilgoris, 178. Emurua Dikirr, 179. Narok North, 180. Narok East, 181. Narok South, 182. Narok West.
34. Kajiado County
Population (2009): 687,312.
Current number of seats: 5.
Constituencies: 183. Kajiado North, 184. Kajiado Central, 185. Kajiado East, 186. Kajiado West, 187. Kajiado South.
35. Kericho County
Population (2009): 758,339.
Current number of seats: 6.
Constituencies: 188. Kipkelion East, 189. Kipkelion West, 190. Ainamoi, 191. Bureti, 192. Belgut, 193. Sigowet–Soin.
36. Bomet County
Population (2009): 545,378.
Current number of seats: 5.
Constituencies: 194. Sotik, 195. Chepalungu, 196. Bomet East, 197. Bomet Central, 198. Konoin.
VI. Former Western Province
Former Western Province.
37. Kakamega County
Population (2009): 1,660,768.
Current number of seats: 12.
Constituencies: 199. Lugari, 200. Likuyani, 201. Malava, 202. Lurambi, 203. Navakholo, 204. Mumias West, 205. Mumias East, 206. Matungu, 207. Butere, 208. Khwisero, 209. Shinyalu, 210. Ikolomani.
38. Vihiga County
Population (2009): 554,622.
Current number of seats: 5.
Constituencies: 211. Vihiga, 212. Sabatia, 213. Hamisi, 214. Luanda, 215. Emuhaya.
39. Bungoma County
Population (2009): 1,630,934.
Current number of seats: 9.
Constituencies: 216. Mount Elgon, 217. Sirisia, 218. Kabuchai, 219. Bumula, 220. Kanduyi, 221. Webuye East, 222. Webuye West, 223. Kimilili, 224. Tongaren.
40. Busia County
Population (2009): 488,075.
Current number of seats: 7.
Constituencies: 225. Teso North, 226. Teso South, 227. Nambale, 228. Matayos, 229. Butula, 230. Funyula, 231. Budalangi.
VII. Former Nyanza Province
Former Nyanza Province.
41. Siaya County
Population (2009): 842,304.
Current number of seats: 6.
Constituencies: 232. Ugenya, 233. Ugunja, 234. Alego Usonga, 235. Gem, 236. Bondo, 237. Rarieda.
42. Kisumu County
Population (2009): 968,909.
Current number of seats: 7.
Constituencies: 238. Kisumu East, 239. Kisumu West, 240. Kisumu Central, 241. Seme, 242. Nyando, 243. Muhoroni, 244. Nyakach.
43. Homa Bay County
Population (2009): 963,794.
Current number of seats: 8.
Constituencies: 245. Kasipul, 246. Kabondo Kasipul, 247. Karachuonyo, 248. Rangwe, 249. Homa Bay Town, 250. Ndhiwa, 251. Mbita, 252. Suba.
44. Migori County
Population (2009): 1,028,579.
Current number of seats: 8.
Constituencies: 253. Rongo, 254. Awendo, 255. Suna East, 256. Suna West, 257. Uriri, 258. Nyatike, 259. Kuria West, 260. Kuria East.
45. Kisii County
Population (2009): 1,152,282.
Current number of seats: 9.
Constituencies: 261. Bonchari, 262. South Mugirango, 263. Bomachoge Borabu, 264. Bobasi, 265. Bomachoge Chache, 266. Nyaribari Masaba, 267. Nyaribari Chache, 268. Kitutu Chache North, 269. Kitutu Chache South.
46. Nyamira County
Population (2009): 598,252.
Current number of seats: 4.
Constituencies: 270. Kitutu Masaba, 271. West Mugirango, 272. North Mugirango, 273. Borabu.
VIII. Former Nairobi Province
Former Nairobi Province.
47. Nairobi County
Population (2009): 3,138,369.
Current number of seats: 17.
Constituency
Wards (85)
274. Westlands
Kitisuru • Parklands/Highridge • Karura • Kangemi • Mountain View
275. Dagoretti North
Kilimani • Kawangware • Gatina • Kileleshwa • Kabiro
276. Dagoretti South
Mutu-ini • Ngand'o • Riruta • Uthiru/Ruthimitu • Waithaka
277. Lang'ata
Karen • Nairobi West • Mugumo-ini • South C • Nyayo Highrise
278. Kibra
Laini Saba • Lindi • Mákina • Woodley/Kenyatta Golf Course • Sarang'ombe
279. Roysambu
Githurai • Kahawa West • Zimmerman • Roysambu • Kahawa
280. Kasarani
Clay City • Mwiki • Kasarani • Njiru • Ruai
281. Ruaraka
Babadogo • Utalii • Mathare North • Lucky Summer • Korogocho
282. Embakasi South
Imara Daima • Kwa Njenga • Kwa Reuben • Pipeline • Kware
283. Embakasi North
Kariobangi North • Dandora Area I • Dandora Area II • Dandora Area III • Dandora Area IV
284. Embakasi Central
Kayole North • Kayole Central • Kayole South • Komarock • Matopeni/Spring Valley
285. Embakasi East
Upper Savanna • Lower Savanna • Embakasi • Utawala • Mihang'o
286. Embakasi West
Umoja I • Umoja II • Mowlem • Kariobangi South
287. Makadara
Makongeni • Maringo/Hamza • Harambee • Viwandani
288. Kamukunji
Pumwani • Eastleigh North • Eastleigh South • Airbase • California
289. Starehe
Nairobi Central • Ngara • Ziwani/Kariokor • Pangani • Landimawe • Nairobi South
290. Mathare
Hospital • Mabatini • Huruma • Ngei • Mlango Kubwa • Kiamaiko
External links
Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission
vte First- and second-level administrative divisions of Kenya47 counties(since March 2013)
Baringo (30)
Bomet (36)
Bungoma (39)
Busia (40)
Elgeyo-Marakwet (28)
Embu (14)
Garissa (07)
Homa Bay (43)
Isiolo (11)
Kajiado (34)
Kakamega (37)
Kericho (35)
Kiambu (22)
Kilifi (03)
Kirinyaga (20)
Kisii (45)
Kisumu (42)
Kitui (15)
Kwale (02)
Laikipia (31)
Lamu (05)
Machakos (16)
Makueni (17)
Mandera (09)
Marsabit (10)
Meru (12)
Migori (44)
Mombasa (01)
Murang'a (21)
Nairobi (47)
Nakuru (32)
Nandi (29)
Narok (33)
Nyamira (46)
Nyandarua (18)
Nyeri (19)
Samburu (25)
Siaya (41)
Taita-Taveta (06)
Tana River (04)
Tharaka-Nithi (13)
Trans-Nzoia (26)
Turkana (23)
Uasin Gishu (27)
Vihiga (38)
Wajir (08)
West Pokot (24)
Principal citiesand towns
Nairobi (capital)
Athi River
Baragoi
Bomet
Bungoma
Busia
Chuka
Eldoret
Embu
Garissa
Hola
Homa Bay
Isiolo
Iten
Kabarnet
Kajiado
Kakamega
Kapsabet
Kangundo - Tala
Kapenguria
Karuri
Kericho
Kerugoya
Kiambu
Kibwezi
Kikuyu
Kilifi
Kisii
Kisumu
Kitale
Kitengela
Kitui
Kwale
Limuru
Lodwar
Lokichogio
Loiyangalani
Lamu
Machakos
Makindu
Malindi
Mandera
Maralal
Marsabit
Masii
Meru
Mombasa
Moyale
Mtito Andei
Mumias
Murang'a
Mutomo
Mwingi
Naivasha
Nakuru
Namanga
Nanyuki
Narok
Nyahururu
Nyamira
Nyeri
Ol Kalou
Ongata Rongai
Ruiru
Siaya
Thika
Vihiga
Voi
Wajir
Webuye
Wote
Wundanyi
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[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_showing_counties_under_the_new_Kenyan_constitution.gif"},{"link_name":"Counties of Kenya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counties_of_Kenya"},{"link_name":"National Assembly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_(Kenya)"},{"link_name":"Kenyan Parliament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Kenya"},{"link_name":"2010 Constitution of Kenya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Kenya"}],"text":"Counties of Kenya.Constituencies of Kenya are used to elect members of the National Assembly, the lower chamber of the Kenyan Parliament. In accordance with article 89 of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya, there are 290 constituencies, based on a formula where these constituencies were to be delineated based on population numbers. Each constituency returns one MP.In the following lists, the population of each of the 47 counties is given as enumerated in the census of 24 August 2009. Under each county is, the number of seats it has and a list of constituencies are given.","title":"List of constituencies of Kenya"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coast_in_Kenya.svg"},{"link_name":"Coast Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Province"}],"text":"Coast Province.","title":"I. Former Coast Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Changamwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changamwe_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Jomvu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jomvu_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kisauni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisauni_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Nyali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyali_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Likoni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likoni_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mvita","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mvita_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"1. Mombasa County","text":"Population (2019): 1,208,333.\nCurrent number of seats: 6.\nConstituencies: 1. Changamwe, 2. Jomvu, 3. Kisauni, 4. Nyali, 5. Likoni, 6. Mvita.","title":"I. Former Coast Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Msambweni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msambweni_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Lunga Lunga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunga_Lunga_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Matuga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matuga_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kinango","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinango_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"2. Kwale County","text":"Population (2019): 866,820.\nCurrent number of seats: 4.\nConstituencies: 7. Msambweni, 8. Lunga Lunga, 9. Matuga, 10. Kinango.","title":"I. Former Coast Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kilifi North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilifi_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kilifi South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilifi_South_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kaloleni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaloleni_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Rabai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabai_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Ganze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganze_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Malindi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malindi_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Magarini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magarini_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"3. Kilifi County","text":"Population (2019): 1,453,787.\nCurrent number of seats: 7.\nConstituencies: 11. Kilifi North, 12. Kilifi South, 13. Kaloleni, 14. Rabai, 15. Ganze, 16. Malindi, 17. Magarini.","title":"I. Former Coast Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Garsen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garsen_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Galole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galole_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Bura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bura_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"4. Tana River County","text":"Population (2019): 315,943.\nCurrent number of seats: 3.\nConstituencies: 18. Garsen, 19. Galole, 20. Bura.","title":"I. Former Coast Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lamu East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamu_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Lamu West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamu_West_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"5. Lamu County","text":"Population (2019): 143,920.\nCurrent number of seats: 2.\nConstituencies: 21. Lamu East, 22. Lamu West.","title":"I. Former Coast Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Taveta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taveta_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Wundanyi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wundanyi_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mwatate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwatate_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Voi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voi_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"6. Taita–Taveta County","text":"Population (2019): 340,671.\nCurrent number of seats: 4.\nConstituencies: 23. Taveta, 24. Wundanyi, 25. Mwatate, 26. Voi.","title":"I. Former Coast Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:North_Eastern_in_Kenya.svg"},{"link_name":"North Eastern Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Eastern_Province,_Kenya"}],"text":"Former North Eastern Province.","title":"II. Former North Eastern Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Garissa Township","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dujis_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Balambala","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balambala_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Lagdera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagdera_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Dadaab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaab_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Fafi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fafi_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Ijara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijara_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"7. Garissa County","text":"Population (2009): 623,060.\nCurrent number of seats: 6.\nConstituencies: 27. Garissa Township (formerly Dujis Constituency), 28. Balambala, 29. Lagdera, 30. Dadaab, 31. Fafi, 32. Ijara.","title":"II. Former North Eastern Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Wajir North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wajir_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Wajir East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wajir_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Tarbaj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarbaj_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Wajir West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wajir_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Eldas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldas_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Wajir South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wajir_South_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"8. Wajir County","text":"Population (2009): 661,941.\nCurrent number of seats: 6.\nConstituencies: 33. Wajir North, 34. Wajir East, 35. Tarbaj, 36. Wajir West, 37. Eldas, 38. Wajir South.","title":"II. Former North Eastern Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mandera West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandera_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Banissa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banissa_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mandera North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandera_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mandera South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandera_South_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mandera East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandera_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Lafey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafey_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"9. Mandera County","text":"Population (2009): 1,025,756.\nCurrent number of seats: 6.\nConstituencies: 39. Mandera West, 40. Banissa, 41. Mandera North, 42. Mandera South, 43. Mandera East, 44. Lafey.","title":"II. Former North Eastern Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eastern_in_Kenya.svg"},{"link_name":"Eastern Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Province_(Kenya)"}],"text":"Former Eastern Province.","title":"III. Former Eastern Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Moyale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyale_Constituency"},{"link_name":"North Horr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Horr_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Saku","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saku_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Laisamis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laisamis_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"10. Marsabit County","text":"Population (2009): 291,166.\nCurrent number of seats: 4.\nConstituencies: 45. Moyale, 46. North Horr, 47. Saku, 48. Laisamis.","title":"III. Former Eastern Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Isiolo North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isiolo_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Isiolo South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isiolo_South_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"11. Isiolo County","text":"Population (2009): 143,294.\nCurrent number of seats: 2.\nConstituencies: 49. Isiolo North, 50. Isiolo South.","title":"III. Former Eastern Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Igembe South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igembe_South_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Igembe Central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igembe_Central_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Igembe North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igembe_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Tigania West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigania_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Tigania East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigania_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"North Imenti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Imenti_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Buuri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buuri_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Central Imenti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Imenti_Constituency"},{"link_name":"South Imenti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Imenti_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"12. Meru County","text":"Population (2009): 1,356,301.\nCurrent number of seats: 9.\nConstituencies: 51. Igembe South, 52. Igembe Central, 53. Igembe North, 54. Tigania West, 55. Tigania East, 56. North Imenti, 57. Buuri, 58. Central Imenti, 59. South Imenti.","title":"III. Former Eastern Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Maara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maara_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Chuka/Igambang'ombe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuka/Igambang%27ombe_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Tharaka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tharaka_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"13. Tharaka-Nithi County","text":"Population (2009): 365,330.\nCurrent number of seats: 3.\nConstituencies: 60. Maara, 61. Chuka/Igambang'ombe, 62. Tharaka.","title":"III. Former Eastern Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Manyatta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manyatta_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Runyenjes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runyenjes_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mbeere South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbeere_South_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mbeere North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbeere_North_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"14. Embu County","text":"Population (2009): 516,212.\nCurrent number of seats: 4.\nConstituencies: 63. Manyatta, 64. Runyenjes, 65. Mbeere South, 66. Mbeere North.","title":"III. Former Eastern Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mwingi North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwingi_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mwingi West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwingi_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mwingi Central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwingi_Central_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kitui West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitui_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kitui Rural","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitui_Rural_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kitui Central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitui_Central_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kitui East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitui_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kitui South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitui_South_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"15. Kitui County","text":"Population (2009): 1,012,709.\nCurrent number of seats: 8.\nConstituencies: 67. Mwingi North, 68. Mwingi West, 69. Mwingi Central, 70. Kitui West, 71. Kitui Rural, 72. Kitui Central, 73. Kitui East, 74. Kitui South.","title":"III. Former Eastern Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Masinga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masinga_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Yatta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatta_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kangundo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangundo_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Matungulu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matungulu_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kathiani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathiani_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mavoko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavoko_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Machakos Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machakos_Town_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mwala","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwala_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"16. Machakos County","text":"Population (2009): 1,098,584.\nCurrent number of seats: 8.\nConstituencies: 75. Masinga, 76. Yatta, 77. Kangundo, 78. Matungulu, 79. Kathiani, 80. Mavoko, 81. Machakos Town, 82. Mwala.","title":"III. Former Eastern Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mbooni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbooni_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kilome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilome_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kaiti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiti_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Makueni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makueni_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kibwezi West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibwezi_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kibwezi East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibwezi_East_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"17. Makueni County","text":"Population (2009): 111,179.\nCurrent number of seats: 6.\nConstituencies: 83. Mbooni, 84. Kilome, 85. Kaiti, 86. Makueni, 87. Kibwezi West, 88. Kibwezi East.","title":"III. Former Eastern Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Central_in_Kenya.svg"},{"link_name":"Central Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Province_(Kenya)"}],"text":"Former Central Province.","title":"IV. Former Central Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kinangop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinangop_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kipipiri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipipiri_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Ol Kalou","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Kalou_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Ol Jorok","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Jorok_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Ndaragwa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndaragwa_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"18. Nyandarua County","text":"Population (2009): 596,268.\nCurrent number of seats: 5.\nConstituencies: 89. Kinangop, 90. Kipipiri, 91. Ol Kalou, 92. Ol Jorok, 93. Ndaragwa.","title":"IV. Former Central Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tetu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetu_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kieni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieni_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mathira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathira_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Othaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Othaya_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mukurweini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukurweini_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Nyeri Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyeri_Town_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"19. Nyeri County","text":"Population (2009): 693,558.\nCurrent number of seats: 6.\nConstituencies: 94. Tetu, 95. Kieni, 96. Mathira, 97. Othaya, 98. Mukurweini, 99. Nyeri Town.","title":"IV. Former Central Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mwea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwea_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Gichugu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gichugu_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Ndia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndia_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kirinyaga Central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirinyaga_Central_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"20. Kirinyaga County","text":"Population (2009): 528,054.\nCurrent number of seats: 4.\nConstituencies: 100. Mwea, 101. Gichugu, 102. Ndia, 103. Kirinyaga Central.","title":"IV. Former Central Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kangema","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangema_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mathioya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathioya_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kiharu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiharu_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kigumo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigumo_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Maragwa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maragwa_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kandara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandara_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Gatanga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatanga_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"21. Murang'a County","text":"Population (2009): 942,581.\nCurrent number of seats: 7.\nConstituencies: 104. Kangema, 105. Mathioya, 106. Kiharu, 107. Kigumo, 108. Maragwa, 109. Kandara, 110. Gatanga.","title":"IV. Former Central Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Gatundu South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatundu_South_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Gatundu North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatundu_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Juja","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juja_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Thika Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thika_Town_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Ruiru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruiru_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Githunguri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Githunguri_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kiambu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiambu_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kiambaa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiambaa_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kabete","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabete_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kikuyu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikuyu_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Limuru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limuru_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Lari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lari_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"22. Kiambu County","text":"Population (2009): 1,623,282.\nCurrent number of seats: 12.\nConstituencies: 111. Gatundu South, 112. Gatundu North, 113. Juja, 114. Thika Town, 115. Ruiru, 116. Githunguri, 117. Kiambu, 118. Kiambaa, 119. Kabete, 120. Kikuyu, 121. Limuru, 122. Lari.","title":"IV. Former Central Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rift_Valley_in_Kenya.svg"},{"link_name":"Rift Valley Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift_Valley_Province"}],"text":"Former Rift Valley Province.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Turkana North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkana_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Turkana West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkana_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Turkana Central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkana_Central_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Loima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loima_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Turkana South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkana_South_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Turkana East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkana_East_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"23. Turkana County","text":"Population (2009): 855,399.\nCurrent number of seats: 6.\nConstituencies: 123. Turkana North, 124. Turkana West, 125. Turkana Central, 126. Loima, 127. Turkana South, 128. Turkana East.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kapenguria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapenguria_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Sigor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigor_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kacheliba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kacheliba_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Pokot South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokot_South_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"24. West Pokot County","text":"Population (2009): 512,690.\nCurrent number of seats: 4.\nConstituencies: 129. Kapenguria, 130. Sigor, 131. Kacheliba, 132. Pokot South.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Samburu West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samburu_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Samburu North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samburu_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Samburu East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samburu_East_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"25. Samburu County","text":"Population (2009): 223,947.\nCurrent number of seats: 3.\nConstituencies: 133. Samburu West, 134. Samburu North, 135. Samburu East.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kwanza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwanza_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Endebess","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endebess_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Saboti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saboti_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kiminini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiminini_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Cherangany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherangany_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"26. Trans-Nzoia County","text":"Population (2009): 818,757.\nCurrent number of seats: 5.\nConstituencies: 136. Kwanza, 137. Endebess, 138. Saboti, 139. Kiminini, 140. Cherangany.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Soy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Turbo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Moiben","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moiben_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Ainabkoi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainabkoi_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kapseret","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapseret_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kesses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesses_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"27. Uasin Gishu County","text":"Population (2009): 894,179.\nCurrent number of seats: 6.\nConstituencies: 141. Soy, 142. Turbo, 143. Moiben, 144. Ainabkoi, 145. Kapseret, 146. Kesses.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Marakwet East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marakwet_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Marakwet West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marakwet_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Keiyo North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiyo_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Keiyo South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiyo_South_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"28. Elgeyo-Marakwet County","text":"Population (2009): 369,998.\nCurrent number of seats: 4.\nConstituencies: 147. Marakwet East, 148. Marakwet West, 149. Keiyo North, 150. Keiyo South.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tinderet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinderet_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Aldai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldai_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Nandi Hills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nandi_Hills_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Chesumei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesumei_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Emgwen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emgwen_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mosop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosop_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"29. Nandi County","text":"Population (2009): 752,966.\nCurrent number of seats: 6.\nConstituencies: 151. Tinderet, 152. Aldai, 153. Nandi Hills, 154. Chesumei, 155. Emgwen, 156. Mosop.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tiaty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiaty_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Baringo North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baringo_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Baringo Central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baringo_Central_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Baringo South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baringo_South_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mogotio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogotio_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Eldama Ravine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldama_Ravine_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"30. Baringo County","text":"Population (2009): 555,561.\nCurrent number of seats: 6.\nConstituencies: 157. Tiaty, 158. Baringo North, 159. Baringo Central, 160. Baringo South, 161. Mogotio, 162. Eldama Ravine.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Laikipia West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laikipia_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Laikipia East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laikipia_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Laikipia North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laikipia_North_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"31. Laikipia County","text":"Population (2009): 399,227.\nCurrent number of seats: 3.\nConstituencies: 163. Laikipia West, 164. Laikipia East, 165. Laikipia North.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Molo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molo_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Njoro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njoro_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Naivasha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naivasha_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Gilgil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgil_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kuresoi South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuresoi_South_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kuresoi North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuresoi_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Subukia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subukia_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Rongai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rongai_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Bahati","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahati_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Nakuru Town West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakuru_Town_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Nakuru Town East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakuru_Town_East_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"32. Nakuru County","text":"Population (2009): 1,603,325.\nCurrent number of seats: 11.\nConstituencies: 166. Molo, 167. Njoro, 168. Naivasha, 169. Gilgil, 170. Kuresoi South, 171. Kuresoi North, 172. Subukia, 173. Rongai, 174. Bahati, 175. Nakuru Town West, 176. Nakuru Town East.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kilgoris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilgoris_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Emurua Dikirr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emurua_Dikirr_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Narok North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narok_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Narok East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narok_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Narok South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narok_South_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Narok West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narok_West_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"33. Narok County","text":"Population (2009): 850,920.\nCurrent number of seats: 6.\nConstituencies: 177. Kilgoris, 178. Emurua Dikirr, 179. Narok North, 180. Narok East, 181. Narok South, 182. Narok West.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kajiado North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajiado_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kajiado Central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajiado_Central_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kajiado East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajiado_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kajiado West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajiado_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kajiado South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajiado_South_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"34. Kajiado County","text":"Population (2009): 687,312.\nCurrent number of seats: 5.\nConstituencies: 183. Kajiado North, 184. Kajiado Central, 185. Kajiado East, 186. Kajiado West, 187. Kajiado South.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kipkelion East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipkelion_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kipkelion West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipkelion_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Ainamoi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainamoi_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Bureti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureti_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Belgut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgut_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Sigowet–Soin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigowet%E2%80%93Soin_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"35. Kericho County","text":"Population (2009): 758,339.\nCurrent number of seats: 6.\nConstituencies: 188. Kipkelion East, 189. Kipkelion West, 190. Ainamoi, 191. Bureti, 192. Belgut, 193. Sigowet–Soin.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sotik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotik_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Chepalungu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chepalungu_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Bomet East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomet_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Bomet Central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomet_Central_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Konoin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konoin_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"36. Bomet County","text":"Population (2009): 545,378.\nCurrent number of seats: 5.\nConstituencies: 194. Sotik, 195. Chepalungu, 196. Bomet East, 197. Bomet Central, 198. Konoin.","title":"V. Former Rift Valley Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Western_in_Kenya.svg"},{"link_name":"Western Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Province_(Kenya)"}],"text":"Former Western Province.","title":"VI. Former Western Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lugari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugari_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Likuyani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likuyani_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Malava","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malava_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Lurambi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurambi_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Navakholo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navakholo_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mumias West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumias_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mumias East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumias_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Matungu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matungu_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Butere","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butere_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Khwisero","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khwisero_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Shinyalu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinyalu_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Ikolomani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikolomani_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"37. Kakamega County","text":"Population (2009): 1,660,768.\nCurrent number of seats: 12.\nConstituencies: 199. Lugari, 200. Likuyani, 201. Malava, 202. Lurambi, 203. Navakholo, 204. Mumias West, 205. Mumias East, 206. Matungu, 207. Butere, 208. Khwisero, 209. Shinyalu, 210. Ikolomani.","title":"VI. Former Western Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Vihiga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihiga_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Sabatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabatia_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Hamisi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamisi_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Luanda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Emuhaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emuhaya_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"38. Vihiga County","text":"Population (2009): 554,622.\nCurrent number of seats: 5.\nConstituencies: 211. Vihiga, 212. Sabatia, 213. Hamisi, 214. Luanda, 215. Emuhaya.","title":"VI. Former Western Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mount Elgon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Elgon_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Sirisia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirisia_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kabuchai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabuchai_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Bumula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumula_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kanduyi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanduyi_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Webuye East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webuye_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Webuye West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webuye_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kimilili","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimilili_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Tongaren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongaren_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"39. Bungoma County","text":"Population (2009): 1,630,934.\nCurrent number of seats: 9.\nConstituencies: 216. Mount Elgon, 217. Sirisia, 218. Kabuchai, 219. Bumula, 220. Kanduyi, 221. Webuye East, 222. Webuye West, 223. Kimilili, 224. Tongaren.","title":"VI. Former Western Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Teso North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Teso South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teso_South_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Nambale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambale_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Matayos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matayos_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Butula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butula_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Funyula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funyula_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Budalangi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budalangi_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"40. Busia County","text":"Population (2009): 488,075.\nCurrent number of seats: 7.\nConstituencies: 225. Teso North, 226. Teso South, 227. Nambale, 228. Matayos, 229. Butula, 230. Funyula, 231. Budalangi.","title":"VI. Former Western Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nyanza_in_Kenya.svg"},{"link_name":"Nyanza Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyanza_Province"}],"text":"Former Nyanza Province.","title":"VII. Former Nyanza Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ugenya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugenya_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Ugunja","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugunja_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Alego Usonga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alego_Usonga_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Gem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gem_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Bondo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bondo_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Rarieda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarieda_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"41. Siaya County","text":"Population (2009): 842,304.\nCurrent number of seats: 6.\nConstituencies: 232. Ugenya, 233. Ugunja, 234. Alego Usonga, 235. Gem, 236. Bondo, 237. Rarieda.","title":"VII. Former Nyanza Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kisumu East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisumu_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kisumu West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisumu_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kisumu Central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisumu_Central_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Seme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seme_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Nyando","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyando_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Muhoroni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhoroni_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Nyakach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyakach_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"42. Kisumu County","text":"Population (2009): 968,909.\nCurrent number of seats: 7.\nConstituencies: 238. Kisumu East, 239. Kisumu West, 240. Kisumu Central, 241. Seme, 242. Nyando, 243. Muhoroni, 244. Nyakach.","title":"VII. Former Nyanza Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kasipul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasipul_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kabondo Kasipul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabondo_Kasipul_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Karachuonyo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachuonyo_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Rangwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangwe_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Homa Bay Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homa_Bay_Town_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Ndhiwa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndhiwa_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Mbita","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbita_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Suba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suba_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"43. Homa Bay County","text":"Population (2009): 963,794.\nCurrent number of seats: 8.\nConstituencies: 245. Kasipul, 246. Kabondo Kasipul, 247. Karachuonyo, 248. Rangwe, 249. Homa Bay Town, 250. Ndhiwa, 251. Mbita, 252. Suba.","title":"VII. Former Nyanza Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rongo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rongo_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Awendo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awendo_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Suna East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suna_East_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Suna West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suna_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Uriri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uriri_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Nyatike","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyatike_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kuria West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuria_West_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kuria East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuria_East_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"44. Migori County","text":"Population (2009): 1,028,579.\nCurrent number of seats: 8.\nConstituencies: 253. Rongo, 254. Awendo, 255. Suna East, 256. Suna West, 257. Uriri, 258. Nyatike, 259. Kuria West, 260. Kuria East.","title":"VII. Former Nyanza Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bonchari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonchari_Constituency"},{"link_name":"South Mugirango","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Mugirango_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Bomachoge Borabu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomachoge_Borabu_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Bobasi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobasi_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Bomachoge Chache","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomachoge_Chache_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Nyaribari Masaba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyaribari_Masaba_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Nyaribari Chache","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyaribari_Chache_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kitutu Chache North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitutu_Chache_North_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Kitutu Chache South","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitutu_Chache_South_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"45. Kisii County","text":"Population (2009): 1,152,282.\nCurrent number of seats: 9.\nConstituencies: 261. Bonchari, 262. South Mugirango, 263. Bomachoge Borabu, 264. Bobasi, 265. Bomachoge Chache, 266. Nyaribari Masaba, 267. Nyaribari Chache, 268. Kitutu Chache North, 269. Kitutu Chache South.","title":"VII. Former Nyanza Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kitutu Masaba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitutu_Masaba_Constituency"},{"link_name":"West Mugirango","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Mugirango_Constituency"},{"link_name":"North Mugirango","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Mugirango_Constituency"},{"link_name":"Borabu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borabu_Constituency"}],"sub_title":"46. Nyamira County","text":"Population (2009): 598,252.\nCurrent number of seats: 4.\nConstituencies: 270. Kitutu Masaba, 271. West Mugirango, 272. North Mugirango, 273. Borabu.","title":"VII. Former Nyanza Province"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nairobi_in_Kenya_(special_marker).svg"},{"link_name":"Nairobi Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi_County"}],"text":"Former Nairobi Province.","title":"VIII. Former Nairobi Province"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"47. Nairobi County","text":"Population (2009): 3,138,369.\nCurrent number of seats: 17.","title":"VIII. Former Nairobi Province"}]
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[{"image_text":"Counties of Kenya.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Map_showing_counties_under_the_new_Kenyan_constitution.gif/275px-Map_showing_counties_under_the_new_Kenyan_constitution.gif"},{"image_text":"Coast Province.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coast_in_Kenya.svg/275px-Coast_in_Kenya.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Former North Eastern Province.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/North_Eastern_in_Kenya.svg/275px-North_Eastern_in_Kenya.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Former Eastern Province.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Eastern_in_Kenya.svg/275px-Eastern_in_Kenya.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Former Central Province.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Central_in_Kenya.svg/275px-Central_in_Kenya.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Former Rift Valley Province.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rift_Valley_in_Kenya.svg/275px-Rift_Valley_in_Kenya.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Former Western Province.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Western_in_Kenya.svg/275px-Western_in_Kenya.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Former Nyanza Province.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nyanza_in_Kenya.svg/275px-Nyanza_in_Kenya.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Former Nairobi Province.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nairobi_in_Kenya_%28special_marker%29.svg/275px-Nairobi_in_Kenya_%28special_marker%29.svg.png"}]
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[]
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[{"Link":"http://www.iebc.or.ke/","external_links_name":"Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Film_Critics_Society_Awards_2002
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Online Film Critics Society Awards 2002
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["1 Top 10 films","2 Winners and nominees","2.1 Best Picture","2.2 Best Director","2.3 Best Actor","2.4 Best Actress","2.5 Best Supporting Actor","2.6 Best Supporting Actress","2.7 Best Original Screenplay","2.8 Best Adapted Screenplay","2.9 Best Foreign Language Film","2.10 Best Documentary","2.11 Best Animated Feature","2.12 Best Cinematography","2.13 Best Editing","2.14 Best Ensemble","2.15 Best Original Score","2.16 Best Art Direction","2.17 Best Costume Design","2.18 Best Sound","2.19 Best Visual Effects","2.20 Breakthrough Filmmaker","2.21 Breakthrough Performer","3 References"]
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6th Online Film Critics Society Awards
6th Online Film Critics Society Awards
January 6, 2003
Best Film:
The Lord of the Rings:The Two Towers
The 6th Online Film Critics Society Awards, honoring the best in filmmaking in 2002, were given on 6 January 2003.
Top 10 films
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Far from Heaven
Minority Report
Adaptation.
Gangs of New York
The Pianist
Bowling for Columbine
Punch-Drunk Love
Road to Perdition
About Schmidt
Winners and nominees
Best Picture
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Adaptation.
Bowling for Columbine
Far from Heaven
Minority Report
Best Director
Peter Jackson – The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Todd Haynes – Far from Heaven
Spike Jonze – Adaptation.
Martin Scorsese – Gangs of New York
Steven Spielberg – Minority Report
Best Actor
Daniel Day-Lewis – Gangs of New York
Adrien Brody – The Pianist
Nicolas Cage – Adaptation.
Jack Nicholson – About Schmidt
Robin Williams – One Hour Photo
Best Actress
Julianne Moore – Far from Heaven
Jennifer Aniston – The Good Girl
Maggie Gyllenhaal – Secretary
Isabelle Huppert – The Piano Teacher
Diane Lane – Unfaithful
Best Supporting Actor
Dennis Quaid – Far from Heaven
Alan Arkin – Thirteen Conversations About One Thing
Chris Cooper – Adaptation.
Paul Newman – Road to Perdition
Andy Serkis – The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Best Supporting Actress
Samantha Morton – Minority Report
Kathy Bates – About Schmidt
Edie Falco – Sunshine State
Meryl Streep – Adaptation.
Catherine Zeta-Jones – Chicago
Best Original Screenplay
Far from Heaven – Todd Haynes
Frailty – Brent Hanley
Punch-Drunk Love – Paul Thomas Anderson
Roger Dodger – Dylan Kidd
Signs – M. Night Shyamalan
Best Adapted Screenplay
Adaptation. – Charlie Kaufman and Donald Kaufman
About Schmidt – Alexander Payne and Jim Taylor
Catch Me If You Can – Jeff Nathanson
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers – Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, Stephen Sinclair and Peter Jackson
Minority Report – Scott Frank and Jon Cohen
Best Foreign Language Film
Y Tu Mamá También
Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner
Monsoon Wedding
Spirited Away
Talk to Her
Best Documentary
Bowling for Columbine
Comedian
Dogtown and Z-Boys
The Kid Stays in the Picture
Standing in the Shadows of Motown
Best Animated Feature
Spirited Away
Ice Age
Lilo & Stitch
Metropolis
Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron
Best Cinematography
Far from Heaven – Edward Lachman
Gangs of New York – Michael Ballhaus
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers – Andrew Lesnie
Minority Report – Janusz Kamiński
Road to Perdition – Conrad L. Hall
Best Editing
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers – Michael Horton and Jabez Olssen
Adaptation. – Eric Zumbrunnen
Chicago – Martin Walsh
Minority Report – Michael Kahn
Panic Room – James Haygood and Angus Wall
Best Ensemble
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
8 Women
Adaptation.
Chicago
Gangs of New York
Best Original Score
Far from Heaven – Elmer Bernstein
Catch Me If You Can – John Williams
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers – Howard Shore
Punch-Drunk Love – Jon Brion
Signs – James Newton Howard
Best Art Direction
Far from Heaven
Gangs of New York
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Minority Report
Road to Perdition
Best Costume Design
Far from Heaven
8 Women
Chicago
Gangs of New York
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Best Sound
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Gangs of New York
Minority Report
Signs
Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones
Best Visual Effects
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
Minority Report
Spider-Man
Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones
Breakthrough Filmmaker
Mark Romanek – One Hour Photo
Dylan Kidd – Roger Dodger
Rob Marshall – Chicago
Bill Paxton – Frailty
Burr Steers – Igby Goes Down
Breakthrough Performer
Maggie Gyllenhaal – Secretary
Steve Coogan – 24 Hour Party People
Eminem – 8 Mile
Derek Luke – Antwone Fisher
Nia Vardalos – My Big Fat Greek Wedding
References
^ "Online Film Critics Society Awards". imdb.com.
Online Film Critics SocietyCurrent awards
Best Actor
Best Actress
Best Adapted Screenplay
Best Animated Film
Best Cinematography
Best Costume Design
Best Debut Feature
Best Director
Best Documentary Film
Best Editing
Best Ensemble
Best Foreign Language Film
Best Original Score
Best Original Screenplay
Best Picture
Best Production Design
Best Supporting Actor
Best Supporting Actress
Best Visual Effects
Retired awards
Best Breakthrough Filmmaker
Best Breakthrough Performance
Best DVD
Best DVD Commentary
Best DVD Special Features
Best Film Related Website
Best Film Review Website
Best Official Website for a Film
Best Screenplay
Best Sound
Ceremonies
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
(years are of film release; ceremonies are the following year)
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2002","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_in_film"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Online_Film_Critics_Society_Awards-1"}],"text":"6th Online Film Critics Society Awards\n\n\nJanuary 6, 2003\n\n\n\nBest Film: \n The Lord of the Rings:The Two TowersThe 6th Online Film Critics Society Awards, honoring the best in filmmaking in 2002, were given on 6 January 2003.[1]","title":"Online Film Critics Society Awards 2002"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers"},{"link_name":"Far from Heaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_from_Heaven"},{"link_name":"Minority Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)"},{"link_name":"Adaptation.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_(film)"},{"link_name":"Gangs of New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangs_of_New_York"},{"link_name":"The Pianist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pianist_(2002_film)"},{"link_name":"Bowling for Columbine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_for_Columbine"},{"link_name":"Punch-Drunk Love","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punch-Drunk_Love"},{"link_name":"Road to Perdition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_to_Perdition"},{"link_name":"About Schmidt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About_Schmidt"}],"text":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers\nFar from Heaven\nMinority Report\nAdaptation.\nGangs of New York\nThe Pianist\nBowling for Columbine\nPunch-Drunk Love\nRoad to Perdition\nAbout Schmidt","title":"Top 10 films"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers"},{"link_name":"Adaptation.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_(film)"},{"link_name":"Bowling for Columbine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_for_Columbine"},{"link_name":"Far from Heaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_from_Heaven"},{"link_name":"Minority Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)"}],"sub_title":"Best Picture","text":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two TowersAdaptation.\nBowling for Columbine\nFar from Heaven\nMinority Report","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Peter Jackson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Jackson"},{"link_name":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers"},{"link_name":"Todd Haynes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Haynes"},{"link_name":"Far from Heaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_from_Heaven"},{"link_name":"Spike Jonze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_Jonze"},{"link_name":"Adaptation.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_(film)"},{"link_name":"Martin Scorsese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Scorsese"},{"link_name":"Gangs of New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangs_of_New_York"},{"link_name":"Steven Spielberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Spielberg"},{"link_name":"Minority Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)"}],"sub_title":"Best Director","text":"Peter Jackson – The Lord of the Rings: The Two TowersTodd Haynes – Far from Heaven\nSpike Jonze – Adaptation.\nMartin Scorsese – Gangs of New York\nSteven Spielberg – Minority Report","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Daniel Day-Lewis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis"},{"link_name":"Gangs of New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangs_of_New_York"},{"link_name":"Adrien Brody","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrien_Brody"},{"link_name":"The Pianist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pianist_(2002_film)"},{"link_name":"Nicolas Cage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Cage"},{"link_name":"Adaptation.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_(film)"},{"link_name":"Jack Nicholson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Nicholson"},{"link_name":"About Schmidt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About_Schmidt"},{"link_name":"Robin Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Williams"},{"link_name":"One Hour Photo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Hour_Photo"}],"sub_title":"Best Actor","text":"Daniel Day-Lewis – Gangs of New YorkAdrien Brody – The Pianist\nNicolas Cage – Adaptation.\nJack Nicholson – About Schmidt\nRobin Williams – One Hour Photo","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Julianne Moore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julianne_Moore"},{"link_name":"Far from Heaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_from_Heaven"},{"link_name":"Jennifer Aniston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston"},{"link_name":"The Good Girl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Good_Girl"},{"link_name":"Maggie Gyllenhaal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_Gyllenhaal"},{"link_name":"Secretary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_(2002_film)"},{"link_name":"Isabelle Huppert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle_Huppert"},{"link_name":"The Piano Teacher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Piano_Teacher_(film)"},{"link_name":"Diane Lane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diane_Lane"},{"link_name":"Unfaithful","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfaithful_(2002_film)"}],"sub_title":"Best Actress","text":"Julianne Moore – Far from HeavenJennifer Aniston – The Good Girl\nMaggie Gyllenhaal – Secretary\nIsabelle Huppert – The Piano Teacher\nDiane Lane – Unfaithful","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dennis Quaid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Quaid"},{"link_name":"Far from Heaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_from_Heaven"},{"link_name":"Alan Arkin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Arkin"},{"link_name":"Thirteen Conversations About One Thing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteen_Conversations_About_One_Thing"},{"link_name":"Chris Cooper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Cooper"},{"link_name":"Adaptation.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_(film)"},{"link_name":"Paul Newman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Newman"},{"link_name":"Road to Perdition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_to_Perdition"},{"link_name":"Andy Serkis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Serkis"},{"link_name":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers"}],"sub_title":"Best Supporting Actor","text":"Dennis Quaid – Far from HeavenAlan Arkin – Thirteen Conversations About One Thing\nChris Cooper – Adaptation.\nPaul Newman – Road to Perdition\nAndy Serkis – The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Samantha Morton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha_Morton"},{"link_name":"Minority Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)"},{"link_name":"Kathy Bates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Bates"},{"link_name":"About Schmidt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About_Schmidt"},{"link_name":"Edie Falco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edie_Falco"},{"link_name":"Sunshine State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshine_State_(film)"},{"link_name":"Meryl Streep","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meryl_Streep"},{"link_name":"Adaptation.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_(film)"},{"link_name":"Catherine Zeta-Jones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones"},{"link_name":"Chicago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_(2002_film)"}],"sub_title":"Best Supporting Actress","text":"Samantha Morton – Minority ReportKathy Bates – About Schmidt\nEdie Falco – Sunshine State\nMeryl Streep – Adaptation.\nCatherine Zeta-Jones – Chicago","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Far from Heaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_from_Heaven"},{"link_name":"Todd Haynes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Haynes"},{"link_name":"Frailty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frailty_(2001_film)"},{"link_name":"Punch-Drunk Love","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punch-Drunk_Love"},{"link_name":"Paul Thomas Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Thomas_Anderson"},{"link_name":"Roger Dodger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Dodger_(film)"},{"link_name":"Dylan Kidd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_Kidd"},{"link_name":"Signs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signs_(2002_film)"},{"link_name":"M. Night Shyamalan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._Night_Shyamalan"}],"sub_title":"Best Original Screenplay","text":"Far from Heaven – Todd HaynesFrailty – Brent Hanley\nPunch-Drunk Love – Paul Thomas Anderson\nRoger Dodger – Dylan Kidd\nSigns – M. Night Shyamalan","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Adaptation.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_(film)"},{"link_name":"Charlie Kaufman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Kaufman"},{"link_name":"About Schmidt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About_Schmidt"},{"link_name":"Alexander Payne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Payne"},{"link_name":"Jim Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Taylor_(writer)"},{"link_name":"Catch Me If You Can","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch_Me_If_You_Can"},{"link_name":"Jeff Nathanson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Nathanson"},{"link_name":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers"},{"link_name":"Fran Walsh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran_Walsh"},{"link_name":"Philippa Boyens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa_Boyens"},{"link_name":"Stephen Sinclair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sinclair"},{"link_name":"Peter Jackson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Jackson"},{"link_name":"Minority Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)"},{"link_name":"Scott Frank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Frank"}],"sub_title":"Best Adapted Screenplay","text":"Adaptation. – Charlie Kaufman and Donald KaufmanAbout Schmidt – Alexander Payne and Jim Taylor\nCatch Me If You Can – Jeff Nathanson\nThe Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers – Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, Stephen Sinclair and Peter Jackson\nMinority Report – Scott Frank and Jon Cohen","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Y Tu Mamá También","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Tu_Mam%C3%A1_Tambi%C3%A9n"},{"link_name":"Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanarjuat:_The_Fast_Runner"},{"link_name":"Monsoon Wedding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon_Wedding"},{"link_name":"Spirited Away","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirited_Away"},{"link_name":"Talk to Her","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk_to_Her"}],"sub_title":"Best Foreign Language Film","text":"Y Tu Mamá TambiénAtanarjuat: The Fast Runner\nMonsoon Wedding\nSpirited Away\nTalk to Her","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bowling for Columbine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_for_Columbine"},{"link_name":"Comedian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedian_(film)"},{"link_name":"Dogtown and Z-Boys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogtown_and_Z-Boys"},{"link_name":"The Kid Stays in the Picture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kid_Stays_in_the_Picture"},{"link_name":"Standing in the Shadows of Motown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_in_the_Shadows_of_Motown"}],"sub_title":"Best Documentary","text":"Bowling for ColumbineComedian\nDogtown and Z-Boys\nThe Kid Stays in the Picture\nStanding in the Shadows of Motown","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Spirited Away","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirited_Away"},{"link_name":"Ice Age","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Age_(2002_film)"},{"link_name":"Lilo & Stitch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilo_%26_Stitch"},{"link_name":"Metropolis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolis_(anime)"},{"link_name":"Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit:_Stallion_of_the_Cimarron"}],"sub_title":"Best Animated Feature","text":"Spirited AwayIce Age\nLilo & Stitch\nMetropolis\nSpirit: Stallion of the Cimarron","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Far from Heaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_from_Heaven"},{"link_name":"Edward Lachman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lachman"},{"link_name":"Gangs of New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangs_of_New_York"},{"link_name":"Michael Ballhaus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ballhaus"},{"link_name":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers"},{"link_name":"Andrew Lesnie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Lesnie"},{"link_name":"Minority Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)"},{"link_name":"Janusz Kamiński","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janusz_Kami%C5%84ski"},{"link_name":"Road to Perdition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_to_Perdition"},{"link_name":"Conrad L. Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_L._Hall"}],"sub_title":"Best Cinematography","text":"Far from Heaven – Edward LachmanGangs of New York – Michael Ballhaus\nThe Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers – Andrew Lesnie\nMinority Report – Janusz Kamiński\nRoad to Perdition – Conrad L. Hall","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers"},{"link_name":"Michael Horton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_J._Horton"},{"link_name":"Jabez Olssen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabez_Olssen"},{"link_name":"Adaptation.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_(film)"},{"link_name":"Eric Zumbrunnen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Zumbrunnen"},{"link_name":"Chicago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_(2002_film)"},{"link_name":"Martin Walsh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Walsh_(film_editor)"},{"link_name":"Minority Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)"},{"link_name":"Michael Kahn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kahn_(film_editor)"},{"link_name":"Panic Room","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_Room"},{"link_name":"James Haygood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Haygood"},{"link_name":"Angus Wall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angus_Wall"}],"sub_title":"Best Editing","text":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers – Michael Horton and Jabez OlssenAdaptation. – Eric Zumbrunnen\nChicago – Martin Walsh\nMinority Report – Michael Kahn\nPanic Room – James Haygood and Angus Wall","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers"},{"link_name":"8 Women","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8_Women"},{"link_name":"Adaptation.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_(film)"},{"link_name":"Chicago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_(2002_film)"},{"link_name":"Gangs of New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangs_of_New_York"}],"sub_title":"Best Ensemble","text":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers8 Women\nAdaptation.\nChicago\nGangs of New York","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Far from Heaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_from_Heaven"},{"link_name":"Elmer Bernstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer_Bernstein"},{"link_name":"Catch Me If You Can","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch_Me_If_You_Can"},{"link_name":"John Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Williams"},{"link_name":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers"},{"link_name":"Howard Shore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Shore"},{"link_name":"Punch-Drunk Love","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punch-Drunk_Love"},{"link_name":"Jon Brion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Brion"},{"link_name":"Signs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signs_(2002_film)"},{"link_name":"James Newton Howard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Newton_Howard"}],"sub_title":"Best Original Score","text":"Far from Heaven – Elmer BernsteinCatch Me If You Can – John Williams\nThe Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers – Howard Shore\nPunch-Drunk Love – Jon Brion\nSigns – James Newton Howard","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Far from Heaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_from_Heaven"},{"link_name":"Gangs of New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangs_of_New_York"},{"link_name":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers"},{"link_name":"Minority Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)"},{"link_name":"Road to Perdition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_to_Perdition"}],"sub_title":"Best Art Direction","text":"Far from HeavenGangs of New York\nThe Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers\nMinority Report\nRoad to Perdition","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Far from Heaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_from_Heaven"},{"link_name":"8 Women","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8_Women"},{"link_name":"Chicago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_(2002_film)"},{"link_name":"Gangs of New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangs_of_New_York"},{"link_name":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers"}],"sub_title":"Best Costume Design","text":"Far from Heaven8 Women\nChicago\nGangs of New York\nThe Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers"},{"link_name":"Gangs of New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangs_of_New_York"},{"link_name":"Minority Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)"},{"link_name":"Signs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signs_(2002_film)"},{"link_name":"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones"}],"sub_title":"Best Sound","text":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two TowersGangs of New York\nMinority Report\nSigns\nStar Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers"},{"link_name":"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Chamber_of_Secrets_(film)"},{"link_name":"Minority Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)"},{"link_name":"Spider-Man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider-Man_(2002_film)"},{"link_name":"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones"}],"sub_title":"Best Visual Effects","text":"The Lord of the Rings: The Two TowersHarry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\nMinority Report\nSpider-Man\nStar Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mark Romanek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Romanek"},{"link_name":"One Hour Photo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Hour_Photo"},{"link_name":"Dylan Kidd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_Kidd"},{"link_name":"Roger Dodger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Dodger_(film)"},{"link_name":"Rob Marshall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Marshall"},{"link_name":"Chicago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_(2002_film)"},{"link_name":"Bill Paxton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Paxton"},{"link_name":"Frailty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frailty_(2001_film)"},{"link_name":"Burr Steers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burr_Steers"},{"link_name":"Igby Goes Down","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igby_Goes_Down"}],"sub_title":"Breakthrough Filmmaker","text":"Mark Romanek – One Hour PhotoDylan Kidd – Roger Dodger\nRob Marshall – Chicago\nBill Paxton – Frailty\nBurr Steers – Igby Goes Down","title":"Winners and nominees"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Maggie Gyllenhaal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_Gyllenhaal"},{"link_name":"Secretary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_(2002_film)"},{"link_name":"Steve Coogan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Coogan"},{"link_name":"24 Hour Party People","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Hour_Party_People"},{"link_name":"Eminem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem"},{"link_name":"8 Mile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8_Mile_(film)"},{"link_name":"Derek Luke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Luke_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Antwone Fisher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwone_Fisher_(film)"},{"link_name":"Nia Vardalos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nia_Vardalos"},{"link_name":"My Big Fat Greek Wedding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Big_Fat_Greek_Wedding"}],"sub_title":"Breakthrough Performer","text":"Maggie Gyllenhaal – SecretarySteve Coogan – 24 Hour Party People\nEminem – 8 Mile\nDerek Luke – Antwone Fisher\nNia Vardalos – My Big Fat Greek Wedding","title":"Winners and nominees"}]
|
[]
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[{"reference":"\"Online Film Critics Society Awards\". imdb.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000511/2003","url_text":"\"Online Film Critics Society Awards\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000511/2003","external_links_name":"\"Online Film Critics Society Awards\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-shell
|
L-shell
|
["1 Charged particle motions in a dipole field","2 Equation for L in a Dipole Magnetic Field","3 L-shells on Earth","4 L-shells on Jupiter","5 See also","6 References","7 Other references"]
|
Mathematical parameter used to describe planetary magnetic field lines
This article is about planetary magnetic field lines. For the second electron shell in an atom, see electron shell.
Plot showing field lines (which, in three dimensions would describe "shells") for L-values 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 5 using a dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field
The L-shell, L-value, or McIlwain L-parameter (after Carl E. McIlwain) is a parameter describing a particular set of planetary magnetic field lines. Colloquially, L-value often describes the set of magnetic field lines which cross the Earth's magnetic equator at a number of Earth-radii equal to the L-value. For example,
L
=
2
{\displaystyle L=2}
describes the set of the Earth's magnetic field lines which cross the Earth's magnetic equator two earth radii from the center of the Earth. L-shell parameters can also describe the magnetic fields of other planets. In such cases, the parameter is renormalized for that planet's radius and magnetic field model.
Although L-value is formally defined in terms of the Earth's true instantaneous magnetic field (or a high-order model like IGRF), it is often used to give a general picture of magnetic phenomena near the Earth, in which case it can be approximated using the dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field.
Charged particle motions in a dipole field
Map of L-shell field line locations on the surface of the Earth. The real terrestrial field is approximately dipolar, but misaligned with the rotation axis, and offset a few hundred km in the direction opposite to the South Atlantic Anomaly.
The motions of low-energy charged particles in the Earth's magnetic field (or in any nearly-dipolar magnetic field) can be usefully described in terms of McIlwain's (B,L) coordinates, the first of which, B is just the magnitude (or length) of the magnetic field vector.
This description is most valuable when the gyroradius of the charged particle orbit is small compared to the spatial scale for changes in the field. Then a charged particle will basically follow a helical path orbiting the local field line. In a local coordinate system {x,y,z} where z is along the field, the transverse motion will be nearly a circle, orbiting the "guiding center", that is the center of the orbit or the local B line, with the gyroradius and frequency characteristic of cyclotron motion for the field strength, while the simultaneous motion along z will be at nearly uniform velocity, since the component of the Lorentz force along the field line is zero.
At the next level of approximation, as the particle orbits and moves along the field line, along which the field changes slowly, the radius of the orbit changes so as to keep the magnetic flux enclosed by the orbit constant. Since the Lorentz force is strictly perpendicular to the velocity, it cannot change the energy of a charged particle moving in it. Thus the particle's kinetic energy remains constant. Then so also must its speed be constant. Then it can be shown that the particle's velocity parallel to the local field must decrease if the field is increasing along its z motion, and increase if the field decreases, while the components of the velocity transverse to the field increase or decrease so as to keep the magnitude of the total velocity constant. Conservation of energy prevents the transverse velocity from increasing without limit, and eventually the longitudinal component of the velocity becomes zero, while the pitch angle, of the particle with respect to the field line, becomes 90°. Then the longitudinal motion is stopped and reversed, and the particle is reflected back towards regions of weaker field, the guiding center now retracing its previous motion along the field line, with the particle's transverse velocity decreasing and its longitudinal velocity increasing.
In the (approximately) dipole field of the Earth, the magnitude of the field is greatest near the magnetic poles, and least near the magnetic Equator. Thus after the particle crosses the Equator, it will again encounter regions of increasing field, until it once again stops at the magnetic mirror point, on the opposite side of the Equator. The result is that, as the particle orbits its guiding center on the field line, it bounces back and forth between the north mirror point and the south mirror point, remaining approximately on the same field line. The particle is therefore endlessly trapped, and cannot escape from the region of the Earth. Particles with too-small pitch angles may strike the top of the atmosphere if they are not mirrored before their field line reaches too close to the Earth, in which case they will eventually be scattered by atoms in the air, lose energy, and be lost from the belts.
However, for particles which mirror at safe altitudes, (in yet a further level of approximation) the fact that the field generally increases towards the center of the Earth means that the curvature on the side of the orbit nearest the Earth is somewhat greater than on the opposite side, so that the orbit has a slightly non-circular, with a (prolate) cycloidal shape, and the guiding center slowly moves perpendicular both to the field line and to the radial direction. The guiding center of the cyclotron orbit, instead of moving exactly along the field line, therefore drifts slowly east or west (depending on the sign of the charge of the particle), and the local field line connecting the two mirror points at any moment, slowly sweeps out a surface connecting them as it moves in longitude. Eventually the particle will drift entirely around the Earth, and the surface will be closed upon itself. These drift surfaces, nested like the skin of an onion, are the surfaces of constant L in the McIlwain coordinate system. They apply not only for a perfect dipole field, but also for fields that are approximately dipolar. For a given particle, as long as only the Lorentz force is involved, B and L remain constant and particles can be trapped indefinitely. Use of (B,L) coordinates provides us with a way of mapping the real, non-dipolar terrestrial or planetary field into coordinates that behave essentially like those of a perfect dipole. The L parameter is traditionally labeled in Earth-radii, of the point where the shell crosses the magnetic Equator, of the equivalent dipole. B is measured in gauss.
Equation for L in a Dipole Magnetic Field
In a centered dipole magnetic field model, the path along a given L shell can be described as
r
=
L
cos
2
λ
{\displaystyle r=L\cos ^{2}\lambda }
where
r
{\displaystyle r}
is the radial distance (in planetary radii) to a point on the line,
λ
{\displaystyle \lambda }
is its geomagnetic latitude, and
L
{\displaystyle L}
is the L-shell of interest.
L-shells on Earth
For the Earth, L-shells uniquely define regions of particular geophysical interest. Certain physical phenomena occur in the ionosphere and magnetosphere at characteristic L-shells. For instance, auroral light displays are most common around L=6, can reach L=4 during moderate disturbances, and during the most severe geomagnetic storms, may approach L=2. The Van Allen radiation belts roughly correspond to L=1.5–2.5, and L=4–6. The plasmapause is typically around L=5.
L-shells on Jupiter
The Jovian magnetic field is the strongest planetary field in the solar system. Its magnetic field traps electrons with energies greater than 500 MeV The characteristic L-shells are L=6, where electron distribution undergoes a marked hardening (increase of energy), and L=20-50, where the electron energy decreases to the VHF regime and the magnetosphere eventually gives way to the solar wind. Because Jupiter's trapped electrons contain so much energy, they more easily diffuse across L-shells than trapped electrons in Earth's magnetic field. One consequence of this is a more continuous and smoothly-varying radio-spectrum emitted by trapped electrons in gyro-resonance.
See also
Earth's magnetic field
Dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field
Guiding center
Geomagnetic latitude
International Geomagnetic Reference Field
TEP
World Magnetic Model
References
^ Galileo - Glossary of Selected Terms. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, (2003).
^ McIlwain, Carl E. (1961), "Coordinates for Mapping the Distribution of Magnetically Trapped Particles", Journal of Geophysical Research, 66 (11): 3681–3691, Bibcode:1961JGR....66.3681M, doi:10.1029/JZ066i011p03681, hdl:2060/20150019302
^ Introduction to Space Science, Robert C Haymes, Wiley & sons, 1971. Chapter 7, "Van Allen Radiation" and Chapter 9, "Planetary Magnetism"
^ The Radiation Belt and Magnetosphere. W. N. Hess, Blaisdell Publishing Co 1968
^ Walt, Martin (1994). Introduction to Geomagnetically Trapped Radiation. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-61611-9.
^ Jupiter’s radio spectrum from 74 MHz up to 8 GHz. Imke de Pater et al. Icarus, Volume 163, Issue 2, June 2003, Pages 434-448.
Other references
Tascione, Thomas F. (1994), Introduction to the Space Environment (2nd ed.), Malabar, FL: Kreiger
Margaret Kivelson and Christopher Russell (1995), Introduction to Space Physics, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 166–167
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"electron shell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:L_shell_global_dipole.png"},{"link_name":"dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipole_model_of_the_Earth%27s_magnetic_field"},{"link_name":"Carl E. McIlwain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_E._McIlwain&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"magnetic field lines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field_line"},{"link_name":"magnetic field lines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field_lines"},{"link_name":"magnetic equator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_equator"},{"link_name":"Earth-radii","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_radius"},{"link_name":"Earth's magnetic field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-galileo_glossary-1"},{"link_name":"IGRF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Geomagnetic_Reference_Field"},{"link_name":"dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipole_model_of_the_Earth%27s_magnetic_field"}],"text":"This article is about planetary magnetic field lines. For the second electron shell in an atom, see electron shell.Plot showing field lines (which, in three dimensions would describe \"shells\") for L-values 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 5 using a dipole model of the Earth's magnetic fieldThe L-shell, L-value, or McIlwain L-parameter (after Carl E. McIlwain) is a parameter describing a particular set of planetary magnetic field lines. Colloquially, L-value often describes the set of magnetic field lines which cross the Earth's magnetic equator at a number of Earth-radii equal to the L-value. For example, \n \n \n \n L\n =\n 2\n \n \n {\\displaystyle L=2}\n \n describes the set of the Earth's magnetic field lines which cross the Earth's magnetic equator two earth radii from the center of the Earth. L-shell parameters can also describe the magnetic fields of other planets. In such cases, the parameter is renormalized for that planet's radius and magnetic field model.[1]Although L-value is formally defined in terms of the Earth's true instantaneous magnetic field (or a high-order model like IGRF), it is often used to give a general picture of magnetic phenomena near the Earth, in which case it can be approximated using the dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field.","title":"L-shell"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:L_shell_flatmap_igrf.png"},{"link_name":"South Atlantic Anomaly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Atlantic_Anomaly"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"gyroradius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyroradius"},{"link_name":"guiding center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiding_center"},{"link_name":"Lorentz force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_force"},{"link_name":"magnetic flux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux"},{"link_name":"pitch angle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_angle_(particle_motion)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"magnetic mirror point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_mirror_point"},{"link_name":"guiding center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiding_center"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"cycloidal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloid"}],"text":"Map of L-shell field line locations on the surface of the Earth. The real terrestrial field is approximately dipolar, but misaligned with the rotation axis, and offset a few hundred km in the direction opposite to the South Atlantic Anomaly.The motions of low-energy charged particles in the Earth's magnetic field (or in any nearly-dipolar magnetic field) can be usefully described in terms of McIlwain's (B,L) coordinates, the first of which, B is just the magnitude (or length) of the magnetic field vector.[2]\nThis description is most valuable when the gyroradius of the charged particle orbit is small compared to the spatial scale for changes in the field. Then a charged particle will basically follow a helical path orbiting the local field line. In a local coordinate system {x,y,z} where z is along the field, the transverse motion will be nearly a circle, orbiting the \"guiding center\", that is the center of the orbit or the local B line, with the gyroradius and frequency characteristic of cyclotron motion for the field strength, while the simultaneous motion along z will be at nearly uniform velocity, since the component of the Lorentz force along the field line is zero.At the next level of approximation, as the particle orbits and moves along the field line, along which the field changes slowly, the radius of the orbit changes so as to keep the magnetic flux enclosed by the orbit constant. Since the Lorentz force is strictly perpendicular to the velocity, it cannot change the energy of a charged particle moving in it. Thus the particle's kinetic energy remains constant. Then so also must its speed be constant. Then it can be shown that the particle's velocity parallel to the local field must decrease if the field is increasing along its z motion, and increase if the field decreases, while the components of the velocity transverse to the field increase or decrease so as to keep the magnitude of the total velocity constant. Conservation of energy prevents the transverse velocity from increasing without limit, and eventually the longitudinal component of the velocity becomes zero, while the pitch angle, of the particle with respect to the field line, becomes 90°. Then the longitudinal motion is stopped and reversed, and the particle is reflected back towards regions of weaker field, the guiding center now retracing its previous motion along the field line, with the particle's transverse velocity decreasing and its longitudinal velocity increasing.[3]In the (approximately) dipole field of the Earth, the magnitude of the field is greatest near the magnetic poles, and least near the magnetic Equator. Thus after the particle crosses the Equator, it will again encounter regions of increasing field, until it once again stops at the magnetic mirror point, on the opposite side of the Equator. The result is that, as the particle orbits its guiding center on the field line, it bounces back and forth between the north mirror point and the south mirror point, remaining approximately on the same field line. The particle is therefore endlessly trapped, and cannot escape from the region of the Earth. Particles with too-small pitch angles may strike the top of the atmosphere if they are not mirrored before their field line reaches too close to the Earth, in which case they will eventually be scattered by atoms in the air, lose energy, and be lost from the belts.[4]However, for particles which mirror at safe altitudes, (in yet a further level of approximation) the fact that the field generally increases towards the center of the Earth means that the curvature on the side of the orbit nearest the Earth is somewhat greater than on the opposite side, so that the orbit has a slightly non-circular, with a (prolate) cycloidal shape, and the guiding center slowly moves perpendicular both to the field line and to the radial direction. The guiding center of the cyclotron orbit, instead of moving exactly along the field line, therefore drifts slowly east or west (depending on the sign of the charge of the particle), and the local field line connecting the two mirror points at any moment, slowly sweeps out a surface connecting them as it moves in longitude. Eventually the particle will drift entirely around the Earth, and the surface will be closed upon itself. These drift surfaces, nested like the skin of an onion, are the surfaces of constant L in the McIlwain coordinate system. They apply not only for a perfect dipole field, but also for fields that are approximately dipolar. For a given particle, as long as only the Lorentz force is involved, B and L remain constant and particles can be trapped indefinitely. Use of (B,L) coordinates provides us with a way of mapping the real, non-dipolar terrestrial or planetary field into coordinates that behave essentially like those of a perfect dipole. The L parameter is traditionally labeled in Earth-radii, of the point where the shell crosses the magnetic Equator, of the equivalent dipole. B is measured in gauss.","title":"Charged particle motions in a dipole field"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-walt-5"}],"text":"In a centered dipole magnetic field model, the path along a given L shell can be described as[5]r\n =\n L\n \n cos\n \n 2\n \n \n \n λ\n \n \n {\\displaystyle r=L\\cos ^{2}\\lambda }r\n \n \n {\\displaystyle r}λ\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\lambda }geomagnetic latitudeL\n \n \n {\\displaystyle L}","title":"Equation for L in a Dipole Magnetic Field"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ionosphere","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionosphere"},{"link_name":"magnetosphere","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere"},{"link_name":"auroral light displays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(astronomy)"},{"link_name":"geomagnetic storms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm"},{"link_name":"Van Allen radiation belts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt"},{"link_name":"plasmapause","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmapause"}],"text":"For the Earth, L-shells uniquely define regions of particular geophysical interest. Certain physical phenomena occur in the ionosphere and magnetosphere at characteristic L-shells. For instance, auroral light displays are most common around L=6, can reach L=4 during moderate disturbances, and during the most severe geomagnetic storms, may approach L=2. The Van Allen radiation belts roughly correspond to L=1.5–2.5, and L=4–6. The plasmapause is typically around L=5.","title":"L-shells on Earth"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jovian magnetic field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere_of_Jupiter"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-jupiter_radio-6"},{"link_name":"VHF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHF"},{"link_name":"gyro-resonance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_cyclotron_resonance"}],"text":"The Jovian magnetic field is the strongest planetary field in the solar system. Its magnetic field traps electrons with energies greater than 500 MeV [6] The characteristic L-shells are L=6, where electron distribution undergoes a marked hardening (increase of energy), and L=20-50, where the electron energy decreases to the VHF regime and the magnetosphere eventually gives way to the solar wind. Because Jupiter's trapped electrons contain so much energy, they more easily diffuse across L-shells than trapped electrons in Earth's magnetic field. One consequence of this is a more continuous and smoothly-varying radio-spectrum emitted by trapped electrons in gyro-resonance.","title":"L-shells on Jupiter"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Tascione, Thomas F. (1994), Introduction to the Space Environment (2nd ed.), Malabar, FL: Kreiger\nMargaret Kivelson and Christopher Russell (1995), Introduction to Space Physics, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, pp. 166–167","title":"Other references"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Plot showing field lines (which, in three dimensions would describe \"shells\") for L-values 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 5 using a dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/L_shell_global_dipole.png/220px-L_shell_global_dipole.png"},{"image_text":"Map of L-shell field line locations on the surface of the Earth. The real terrestrial field is approximately dipolar, but misaligned with the rotation axis, and offset a few hundred km in the direction opposite to the South Atlantic Anomaly.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/58/L_shell_flatmap_igrf.png/220px-L_shell_flatmap_igrf.png"}]
|
[{"title":"Earth's magnetic field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field"},{"title":"Dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipole_model_of_the_Earth%27s_magnetic_field"},{"title":"Guiding center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiding_center"},{"title":"Geomagnetic latitude","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomagnetic_latitude"},{"title":"International Geomagnetic Reference Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Geomagnetic_Reference_Field"},{"title":"TEP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV-FM_DX#Transequatorial_propagation_(TEP)"},{"title":"World Magnetic Model","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Magnetic_Model"}]
|
[{"reference":"McIlwain, Carl E. (1961), \"Coordinates for Mapping the Distribution of Magnetically Trapped Particles\", Journal of Geophysical Research, 66 (11): 3681–3691, Bibcode:1961JGR....66.3681M, doi:10.1029/JZ066i011p03681, hdl:2060/20150019302","urls":[{"url":"http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1961/JZ066i011p03681.shtml","url_text":"\"Coordinates for Mapping the Distribution of Magnetically Trapped Particles\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Geophysical_Research","url_text":"Journal of Geophysical Research"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1961JGR....66.3681M","url_text":"1961JGR....66.3681M"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029%2FJZ066i011p03681","url_text":"10.1029/JZ066i011p03681"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)","url_text":"hdl"},{"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2060%2F20150019302","url_text":"2060/20150019302"}]},{"reference":"Walt, Martin (1994). Introduction to Geomagnetically Trapped Radiation. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-61611-9.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Introduction_to_Geomagnetically_Trapped_Radiation&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Introduction to Geomagnetically Trapped Radiation"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press","url_text":"Cambridge University Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-61611-9","url_text":"978-0-521-61611-9"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/19970105184441/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/countdown/glossary.html#L_Shell","external_links_name":"Galileo - Glossary of Selected Terms"},{"Link":"http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1961/JZ066i011p03681.shtml","external_links_name":"\"Coordinates for Mapping the Distribution of Magnetically Trapped Particles\""},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1961JGR....66.3681M","external_links_name":"1961JGR....66.3681M"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1029%2FJZ066i011p03681","external_links_name":"10.1029/JZ066i011p03681"},{"Link":"https://hdl.handle.net/2060%2F20150019302","external_links_name":"2060/20150019302"},{"Link":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00067-8","external_links_name":"Jupiter’s radio spectrum from 74 MHz up to 8 GHz"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevie_Chalmers
|
Stevie Chalmers
|
["1 Early life","2 Career","2.1 International","3 Personal life","4 Career statistics","4.1 Club","4.2 International appearances","4.3 International goals","5 Honours","6 Notes","7 References","8 External links"]
|
Scottish footballer (1935–2019)
Stevie ChalmersPersonal informationFull name
Thomas Stephen ChalmersDate of birth
(1935-12-26)26 December 1935Place of birth
Glasgow, ScotlandDate of death
29 April 2019(2019-04-29) (aged 83)Position(s)
Centre forward / Outside rightYouth career1953–1955
Kirkintilloch Rob Roy1955–1956
Newmarket TownSenior career*Years
Team
Apps
(Gls)1956–1959
Ashfield
1959
Dumbarton (trialist)
1
(0)1959–1971
Celtic
263
(155)1971–1972
Morton
32
(8)1972–1975
Partick Thistle
44
(6)Total
340
(169)International career1962–1967
Scottish League XI
4
(0)1964–1966
Scotland
5
(3)
*Club domestic league appearances and goals
Thomas Stephen Chalmers (26 December 1935 – 29 April 2019) was a Scottish footballer who played as a centre-forward and spent the majority of his career with Celtic. He is the club's fifth-highest goalscorer with 236 goals and is considered one of their greatest players. He is particularly known for scoring the winning goal in the 1967 European Cup Final against Inter Milan. Chalmers later played for Morton and Partick Thistle. He also represented Scotland five times in international matches.
Early life
Chalmers was born on 26 December 1935 in the Garngad district of Glasgow, where he attended St Roch's Secondary School. The family later moved to nearby Balornock. His father, David, played for Clydebank.
Career
Leaving school aged 14, he signed for Kirkintilloch Rob Roy in 1953. Subsequently, he joined the RAF and during his time doing national service at RAF Stradishall in 1955 played for Newmarket Town. He then moved back to Scotland, signing with SJFA team Ashfield, and represented Scotland at that level in 1959. Shortly afterwards he signed for Celtic, making his league debut in March 1959 against Airdrie.
He spent 12 full seasons with Celtic, helping the club to six league titles, three Scottish Cups, and four League Cups, as well as being part of the Lisbon Lions side that won the 1967 European Cup. He scored the winning goal in the 85th minute of the final, and in doing so also sealed the first European Treble and the only Quadruple to date.
His involvement became limited after he broke a leg in the 1969 Scottish League Cup Final, and he missed the rest of that season including the 1970 European Cup Final. His total of 236 goals is the fifth-highest in the history of the club, and he is remembered as one of the greatest players in Celtic's history.
After leaving Celtic Park in September 1971 at the age of 35, Chalmers continued to appear in Scotland's top tier, with spells at Morton and Partick Thistle before he retired in 1975. He made a very brief comeback with junior club St Roch's during the 1975–76 season.
He was inducted into the Scottish Football Hall of Fame in 2016.
International
Chalmers won five full caps for Scotland between 1964 and 1966, scoring three goals. He was also selected four times for the Scottish Football League XI.
Personal life
Chalmers's father David played for Clydebank in the 1920s, and his son, Paul, also played professionally with several clubs after starting his career with Celtic in the 1980s. Chalmers and his wife, Sadie, had six children.
In 1955, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis meningitis and was given only weeks to live before being successfully treated.
It was reported in May 2017 that 81-year-old Chalmers was suffering from dementia and was unable to attend the Lisbon Lions' 50th anniversary events. Chalmers died on 29 April 2019, aged 83.
Career statistics
Club
Club performance
League
Cup
League Cup
Continental
Total
Club
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Dumbarton
1
0
0
0
1+
0+
Celtic
263
155
47
29
60
31
38
13
408
228
Greenock Morton
32
8
0
0
4
3
0
0
36
11
Partick Thistle
44
6
44+
6+
Career total
340
169
47+
29+
64+
34+
38+
13+
489+
245+
International appearances
Scotland national team
Year
Apps
Goals
1964
2
2
1965
—
1966
3
1
Total
5
3
International goals
Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first.
No.
Date
Venue
Opponent
Score
Result
Competition
1.
3 October 1964
Ninian Park, Cardiff
Wales
1–1
2–3
1964–65 British Home Championship
2.
21 October 1964
Hampden Park, Glasgow
Finland
2–0
3–1
1966 FIFA World Cup qualification
3.
25 June 1966
Hampden Park, Glasgow
Brazil
1–0
1–1
Friendly match
Honours
Celtic
European Cup: 1966–67
Intercontinental Cup runners-up: 1967
Scottish League Championship (4): 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69
Scottish Cup (3): 1964–65, 1966–67, 1968–69
Scottish League Cup (4): 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70
Glasgow Cup (4): 1961–62, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67
Scotland
Home Championship: 1966–67
Notes
^ Did not play enough games in 1969–70 or 1970–71
^ Did not play in 1971 final
^ Did not play in 1965 final
References
^ a b c d Cuddihy, Paul (26 December 2016). "Happy 81st Birthday to Stevie Chalmers". celticfc.net. Celtic FC. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^ a b c d e "Obituary: Stevie Chalmers, Celtic striker who scored the 1967 European cup winner". Glasgow Herald. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
^ Loney, Gillian; Williams, Craig (8 May 2019). "Glasgow pays respect as Lisbon Lions legend Stevie Chalmers laid to rest". GlasgowLive.co.uk. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
^ a b The Winning Touch: My Autobiography, Stevie Chalmers, Graham McColl; Hachette UK, 2012; ISBN 9780755363230
^ a b "Lisbon Lions legend Stevie Chalmers and the goal that won Celtic the European Cup". Glasgow Live. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
^ "Scotland Junior International Results and Lineups". Scottish Football Historical Archive. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^ "Celtic win European Cup 1967". BBC. 19 March 2005. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
^ "Who has won a treble, including domestic league and cup titles, plus the European Cup or UEFA Champions League?". UEFA. 10 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
^ Jensen, Neil Fredrik (1 June 2022). "Celtic 1967 – the only quadruple winners". Game of the People. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
^ "Celtic all-time player records". Fitbastats.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^ a b c "Celtic hero Stevie Chalmers battling dementia – granddaughter reveals heartbreaking news on eve of Lisbon Lions 50th anniversary". Daily Record. 25 May 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^ a b
"Morton player 'Thomas' Chalmers". Fitbastats.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
"Morton player 'Steve' Chalmers". Fitbastats.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^ "Stevie Chalmers profile". Scottish Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^ a b c Stevie Chalmers at the Scottish Football Association
^ "Scottish League player Stephen Chalmers". www.londonhearts.com. London Hearts Supporters' Club. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^ "The players (1914–1932)". Clydebank FC Programmes. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^ "Paul Chalmers profile". Post War English & Scottish Football League A–Z Players Database. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^ "Goal hero Stevie Chalmers' life long debt to a Rangers fan". BBC. 19 May 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^ "Family's great sadness as Celtic legend Stevie Chalmers passes away". Celtic FC. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
^ "Stevie Chalmers: Celtic great who scored 1967 winner dies at 83". BBC Sport. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
^ Stevie Chalmers at Post War English & Scottish Football League A–Z Player's Transfer Database
^ a b "Celtic player Stevie Chalmers". Fitbastats.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
^ "Stevie Chalmers". Scottish Football Association. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
External links
Player profile at The Celtic Wiki
Player profile at The Partick Thistle History Archive
vteScottish league football top division top scorersLeague
1891: Bell
1892: Bell
1893: Campbell / McMahon
Division One
1894: McMahon
1895: J. Miller
1896: Martin
1897: Taylor
1898: Hamilton
1899: Hamilton
1900: Hamilton / Michael
1901: Hamilton
1902: Maxwell
1903: D. Reid
1904: Hamilton
1905: Hamilton / Quinn
1906: Quinn
1907: Quinn
1908: Simpson
1909: Hunter
1910: Quinn
1911: W. Reid
1912: W. Reid
1913: J. Reid
1914: J. Reid
1915: Gracie / Richardson
1916: McColl
1917: Yarnall
1918: H. Ferguson
1919: McLean
1920: H. Ferguson
1921: H. Ferguson
1922: Walker
1923: White
1924: Halliday
1925: Devlin
1926: Devlin
1927: McGrory
1928: McGrory
1929: Morrison
1930: Yorston
1931: Battles
1932: MacFadyen
1933: MacFadyen
1934: Smith
1935: Smith
1936: McGrory
1937: Wilson
1938: Black
1939: Venters
Division A
1947: Mitchell
1948: Aikman
1949: Stott
1950: Bauld
1951: Reilly
1952: Reilly
1953: Fleming / Reilly
1954: Wardhaugh
1955: Bauld
1956: Wardhaugh
Division One
1957: Baird
1958: Bauld / Murray
1959: Baker
1960: Baker
1961: Harley
1962: Gilzean
1963: Millar
1964: Gilzean
1965: Forrest
1966: A. Ferguson / McBride
1967: Chalmers
1968: Lennox
1969: Cameron
1970: Stein
1971: Hood
1972: Harper
1973: Gordon
1974: Deans
1975: Gray / Pettigrew
Premier Division
1976: Dalglish
1977: Pettigrew
1978: Johnstone
1979: Ritchie
1980: Somner
1981: McGarvey
1982: McCluskey
1983: Nicholas
1984: McClair
1985: McDougall
1986: McCoist
1987: McClair
1988: Coyne
1989: McGhee / Nicholas
1990: Robertson
1991: Coyne
1992: McCoist
1993: McCoist
1994: Hateley
1995: Coyne
1996: Van Hooijdonk
1997: Cadete
1998: Negri
SPL
1999: Larsson
2000: Viduka
2001: Larsson
2002: Larsson
2003: Larsson
2004: Larsson
2005: Hartson
2006: Boyd
2007: Boyd
2008: McDonald
2009: Boyd
2010: Boyd
2011: K. Miller
2012: Hooper
2013: Higdon
Premiership
2014: Commons
2015: Rooney
2016: Griffiths
2017: Boyce
2018: Boyd
2019: Morelos
2020: Édouard
2021: Édouard
2022: Charles-Cook / Giakoumakis
2023: Furuhashi
2024: Shankland
vteScottish Football Hall of Fame inductees2004
Baxter
Bremner
Busby
Dalglish
Ferguson
H. Gallacher
Greig
J. Johnstone
Law
Mackay
McGrain
McGrory
McNeill
Miller
Murdoch
Shankly
G. Smith
Souness
J. Stein
Woodburn
2005
Campbell
James
Jordan
Lennox
J. McLean
McLeish
Morton
L. Reilly
Waddell
White
Young
2006
Cooper
Gemmell
Gough
Henderson
Jardine
Larsson
Laudrup
Ormond
J. Robertson
Steel
T. Walker
2007
Bauld
Caldow
Cowan
Hansen
McCoist
R. Reilly
W. Smith
Strachan
Turnbull
2008
Evans
Gemmill
D. Johnstone
Leighton
Liddell
St John
Struth
Thomson
2009
Archibald
Auld
Delaney
Gilzean
Johnston
Lambert
Maley
Meiklejohn
2010
C. Brown
Goram
B. Johnstone
McStay
Narey
Wharton
2011
Butcher
Crerand
McColl
McIlvanney
Simpson
2012
McLintock
McPhail
McQueen
Stanton
Watson
2013
Buchan
Docherty
Gray
Rough
Symon
R. Walker
2014
W. Brown
Lorimer
McCrae's Battalion
Nicholas
Wilson
2015
R. Brown
Graham
Hillis
MacLeod
Malpas
2016
Chalmers
McAllister
A. Smith
J. Wallace
Wark
2017
Clark
Craig
Lisbon Lions
Macpherson
McGovern
McGraw
Queen's Park
W. Wallace
2018
Aitken
Fleeting
Knox
McMillan
2019
P. Gallacher
Harper
T. McLean
J. Robertson
C. Stein
Sturrock
Authority control databases
VIAF
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"footballer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football"},{"link_name":"centre-forward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_(association_football)#Centre_forward"},{"link_name":"Celtic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_F.C."},{"link_name":"1967 European Cup Final","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_European_Cup_Final"},{"link_name":"Inter Milan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter_Milan"},{"link_name":"Morton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenock_Morton_F.C."},{"link_name":"Partick Thistle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partick_Thistle_F.C."},{"link_name":"Scotland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_national_football_team"}],"text":"Thomas Stephen Chalmers (26 December 1935 – 29 April 2019) was a Scottish footballer who played as a centre-forward and spent the majority of his career with Celtic. He is the club's fifth-highest goalscorer with 236 goals and is considered one of their greatest players. He is particularly known for scoring the winning goal in the 1967 European Cup Final against Inter Milan. Chalmers later played for Morton and Partick Thistle. He also represented Scotland five times in international matches.","title":"Stevie Chalmers"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Garngad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royston,_Glasgow"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-happy-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Herald-2"},{"link_name":"St Roch's Secondary School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Roch%27s_Secondary_School"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Balornock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balornock"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-touch-4"},{"link_name":"David","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Chalmers_(footballer,_born_1897)"},{"link_name":"Clydebank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clydebank_F.C._(1914)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Herald-2"}],"text":"Chalmers was born on 26 December 1935 in the Garngad district of Glasgow,[1][2] where he attended St Roch's Secondary School.[3] The family later moved to nearby Balornock.[4] His father, David, played for Clydebank.[2]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kirkintilloch Rob Roy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkintilloch_Rob_Roy_F.C."},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Glasgowlive-5"},{"link_name":"RAF Stradishall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Stradishall"},{"link_name":"Newmarket Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newmarket_Town_F.C."},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Glasgowlive-5"},{"link_name":"SJFA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Junior_Football_Association"},{"link_name":"Ashfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashfield_F.C."},{"link_name":"Scotland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Junior_Football_Association#Scotland_Junior_international_team"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-touch-4"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Airdrie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airdrieonians_F.C."},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Herald-2"},{"link_name":"league titles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_football_champions"},{"link_name":"Scottish Cups","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Cup"},{"link_name":"League Cups","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_League_Cup"},{"link_name":"Lisbon Lions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon_Lions"},{"link_name":"European Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Cup"},{"link_name":"final","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_European_Cup_Final"},{"link_name":"Treble","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treble_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"1969 Scottish League Cup Final","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_Scottish_League_Cup_Final_(October)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-happy-1"},{"link_name":"1970 European Cup Final","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_European_Cup_Final"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-happy-1"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-battling-11"},{"link_name":"Celtic Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_Park"},{"link_name":"Morton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenock_Morton_F.C."},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fsgm-12"},{"link_name":"Partick Thistle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partick_Thistle_F.C."},{"link_name":"St Roch's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Roch%27s_F.C."},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Herald-2"},{"link_name":"Scottish Football Hall of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Football_Hall_of_Fame"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"text":"Leaving school aged 14, he signed for Kirkintilloch Rob Roy in 1953.[5] Subsequently, he joined the RAF and during his time doing national service at RAF Stradishall in 1955 played for Newmarket Town.[5] He then moved back to Scotland, signing with SJFA team Ashfield, and represented Scotland at that level in 1959.[4][6] Shortly afterwards he signed for Celtic, making his league debut in March 1959 against Airdrie.[2]He spent 12 full seasons with Celtic, helping the club to six league titles, three Scottish Cups, and four League Cups, as well as being part of the Lisbon Lions side that won the 1967 European Cup. He scored the winning goal in the 85th minute of the final, and in doing so also sealed the first European Treble and the only Quadruple to date. [7][8][9]His involvement became limited after he broke a leg in the 1969 Scottish League Cup Final,[1] and he missed the rest of that season including the 1970 European Cup Final. His total of 236 goals is the fifth-highest in the history of the club,[10] and he is remembered as one of the greatest players in Celtic's history.[1][11]After leaving Celtic Park in September 1971 at the age of 35, Chalmers continued to appear in Scotland's top tier, with spells at Morton[12] and Partick Thistle before he retired in 1975. He made a very brief comeback with junior club St Roch's during the 1975–76 season.[2]He was inducted into the Scottish Football Hall of Fame in 2016.[13]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"caps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_(sports)"},{"link_name":"Scotland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFA-14"},{"link_name":"Scottish Football League XI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Football_League_XI"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"sub_title":"International","text":"Chalmers won five full caps for Scotland between 1964 and 1966, scoring three goals.[14] He was also selected four times for the Scottish Football League XI.[15]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"David","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Chalmers_(footballer,_born_1897)"},{"link_name":"Clydebank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clydebank_F.C._(1914)"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-happy-1"},{"link_name":"Paul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Chalmers"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Herald-2"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-battling-11"},{"link_name":"tuberculosis meningitis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculous_meningitis"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"dementia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-battling-11"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-death-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"text":"Chalmers's father David played for Clydebank in the 1920s,[16][1] and his son, Paul, also played professionally with several clubs after starting his career with Celtic in the 1980s.[17] Chalmers and his wife, Sadie, had six children.[2][11]In 1955, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis meningitis and was given only weeks to live before being successfully treated.[18]It was reported in May 2017 that 81-year-old Chalmers was suffering from dementia and was unable to attend the Lisbon Lions' 50th anniversary events.[11] Chalmers died on 29 April 2019, aged 83.[19][20]","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Career statistics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fscfc-22"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fsgm-12"}],"sub_title":"Club","text":"[21][22][12]","title":"Career statistics"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"International appearances","title":"Career statistics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFA-14"}],"sub_title":"International goals","text":"Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first.[14]","title":"Career statistics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fscfc-22"},{"link_name":"European Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League"},{"link_name":"1966–67","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966-67_European_Cup"},{"link_name":"Intercontinental Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercontinental_Cup_(football)"},{"link_name":"1967","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_Intercontinental_Cup"},{"link_name":"Scottish League Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_football_champions"},{"link_name":"1965–66","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965%E2%80%9366_Scottish_Division_One"},{"link_name":"1966–67","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966%E2%80%9367_Scottish_Division_One"},{"link_name":"1967–68","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967%E2%80%9368_Scottish_Division_One"},{"link_name":"1968–69","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968%E2%80%9369_Scottish_Division_One"},{"link_name":"[note 1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Scottish Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Cup"},{"link_name":"1964–65","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964-65_Scottish_Cup"},{"link_name":"1966–67","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966%E2%80%9367_Scottish_Cup"},{"link_name":"1968–69","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968%E2%80%9369_Scottish_Cup"},{"link_name":"[note 2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"Scottish League Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_League_Cup"},{"link_name":"1966–67","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966%E2%80%9367_Scottish_League_Cup"},{"link_name":"1967–68","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967%E2%80%9368_Scottish_League_Cup"},{"link_name":"1968–69","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968%E2%80%9369_Scottish_League_Cup"},{"link_name":"1969–70","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969-70_Scottish_League_Cup"},{"link_name":"[note 3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"Glasgow Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow_Cup"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"Home Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Home_Championship"},{"link_name":"1966–67","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966%E2%80%9367_British_Home_Championship"}],"text":"Celtic[22]European Cup: 1966–67\nIntercontinental Cup runners-up: 1967\nScottish League Championship (4): 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69[note 1]\nScottish Cup (3): 1964–65, 1966–67, 1968–69[note 2]\nScottish League Cup (4): 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70[note 3]\nGlasgow Cup (4): 1961–62, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67Scotland[23]Home Championship: 1966–67","title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-23"},{"link_name":"1969–70","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969-70_Scottish_Division_One"},{"link_name":"1970–71","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970-71_Scottish_Division_One"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-24"},{"link_name":"1971 final","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Scottish_Cup_Final"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-25"},{"link_name":"1965 final","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_Scottish_League_Cup_Final"}],"text":"^ Did not play enough games in 1969–70 or 1970–71\n\n^ Did not play in 1971 final\n\n^ Did not play in 1965 final","title":"Notes"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Cuddihy, Paul (26 December 2016). \"Happy 81st Birthday to Stevie Chalmers\". celticfc.net. Celtic FC. Retrieved 21 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.celticfc.net/news/9791","url_text":"\"Happy 81st Birthday to Stevie Chalmers\""}]},{"reference":"\"Obituary: Stevie Chalmers, Celtic striker who scored the 1967 European cup winner\". Glasgow Herald. Retrieved 29 April 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/17604733.obituary-stevie-chalmers-celtic-striker-who-scored-the-1967-european-cup-winner/","url_text":"\"Obituary: Stevie Chalmers, Celtic striker who scored the 1967 European cup winner\""}]},{"reference":"Loney, Gillian; Williams, Craig (8 May 2019). \"Glasgow pays respect as Lisbon Lions legend Stevie Chalmers laid to rest\". GlasgowLive.co.uk. Retrieved 30 October 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/stevie-chalmers-funeral-glasgow-pays-16243230","url_text":"\"Glasgow pays respect as Lisbon Lions legend Stevie Chalmers laid to rest\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lisbon Lions legend Stevie Chalmers and the goal that won Celtic the European Cup\". Glasgow Live. Retrieved 30 April 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/sport/football/lisbon-lions-legend-stevie-chalmers-16197063","url_text":"\"Lisbon Lions legend Stevie Chalmers and the goal that won Celtic the European Cup\""}]},{"reference":"\"Scotland Junior International Results and Lineups\". Scottish Football Historical Archive. Retrieved 21 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.scottish-football-historical-archive.co.nf/scotlandjuniorinternationals.xlsx","url_text":"\"Scotland Junior International Results and Lineups\""}]},{"reference":"\"Celtic win European Cup 1967\". BBC. 19 March 2005. Retrieved 1 May 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0045/print.shtml","url_text":"\"Celtic win European Cup 1967\""}]},{"reference":"\"Who has won a treble, including domestic league and cup titles, plus the European Cup or UEFA Champions League?\". UEFA. 10 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0251-0e99b1ba85da-ec8053dc0a29-1000--who-has-won-a-treble-including-domestic-league-and-cup-title/","url_text":"\"Who has won a treble, including domestic league and cup titles, plus the European Cup or UEFA Champions League?\""}]},{"reference":"Jensen, Neil Fredrik (1 June 2022). \"Celtic 1967 – the only quadruple winners\". Game of the People. Retrieved 15 June 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://gameofthepeople.com/2022/06/01/celtic-1967-the-only-quadruple-winners/","url_text":"\"Celtic 1967 – the only quadruple winners\""}]},{"reference":"\"Celtic all-time player records\". Fitbastats.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_records_overall.php","url_text":"\"Celtic all-time player records\""}]},{"reference":"\"Celtic hero Stevie Chalmers battling dementia – granddaughter reveals heartbreaking news on eve of Lisbon Lions 50th anniversary\". Daily Record. 25 May 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/celtic-hero-stevie-chalmers-battling-10496272","url_text":"\"Celtic hero Stevie Chalmers battling dementia – granddaughter reveals heartbreaking news on eve of Lisbon Lions 50th anniversary\""}]},{"reference":"\"Morton player 'Thomas' Chalmers\". Fitbastats.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fitbastats.com/morton/player.php?playerid=438","url_text":"\"Morton player 'Thomas' Chalmers\""}]},{"reference":"\"Morton player 'Steve' Chalmers\". Fitbastats.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fitbastats.com/morton/player.php?playerid=447","url_text":"\"Morton player 'Steve' Chalmers\""}]},{"reference":"\"Stevie Chalmers profile\". Scottish Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved 21 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://scottishfootballhalloffame.co.uk/stevie-chalmers/","url_text":"\"Stevie Chalmers profile\""}]},{"reference":"\"Scottish League player Stephen Chalmers\". www.londonhearts.com. London Hearts Supporters' Club. Retrieved 21 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.londonhearts.com/SFL/players/stephenchalmers.html","url_text":"\"Scottish League player Stephen Chalmers\""}]},{"reference":"\"The players (1914–1932)\". Clydebank FC Programmes. Retrieved 21 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.clydebankprogrammesonline.co.uk/Original%20Players.html","url_text":"\"The players (1914–1932)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Paul Chalmers profile\". Post War English & Scottish Football League A–Z Players Database. Retrieved 21 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.neilbrown.newcastlefans.com/player/paulchalmers.html","url_text":"\"Paul Chalmers profile\""}]},{"reference":"\"Goal hero Stevie Chalmers' life long debt to a Rangers fan\". BBC. 19 May 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p053dxkx","url_text":"\"Goal hero Stevie Chalmers' life long debt to a Rangers fan\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC","url_text":"BBC"}]},{"reference":"\"Family's great sadness as Celtic legend Stevie Chalmers passes away\". Celtic FC. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.celticfc.net/news/16090","url_text":"\"Family's great sadness as Celtic legend Stevie Chalmers passes away\""}]},{"reference":"\"Stevie Chalmers: Celtic great who scored 1967 winner dies at 83\". BBC Sport. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48091417","url_text":"\"Stevie Chalmers: Celtic great who scored 1967 winner dies at 83\""}]},{"reference":"\"Celtic player Stevie Chalmers\". Fitbastats.com. Retrieved 21 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player.php?playerid=2641","url_text":"\"Celtic player Stevie Chalmers\""}]},{"reference":"\"Stevie Chalmers\". Scottish Football Association. Retrieved 25 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/players/?pid=112786&lid=1","url_text":"\"Stevie Chalmers\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Football_Association","url_text":"Scottish Football Association"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.celticfc.net/news/9791","external_links_name":"\"Happy 81st Birthday to Stevie Chalmers\""},{"Link":"https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/17604733.obituary-stevie-chalmers-celtic-striker-who-scored-the-1967-european-cup-winner/","external_links_name":"\"Obituary: Stevie Chalmers, Celtic striker who scored the 1967 European cup winner\""},{"Link":"https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/stevie-chalmers-funeral-glasgow-pays-16243230","external_links_name":"\"Glasgow pays respect as Lisbon Lions legend Stevie Chalmers laid to rest\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=lQLvTjIVGqsC&dq=%22neil+duffy%22+%22partick+thistle&pg=PT18","external_links_name":"The Winning Touch: My Autobiography"},{"Link":"https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/sport/football/lisbon-lions-legend-stevie-chalmers-16197063","external_links_name":"\"Lisbon Lions legend Stevie Chalmers and the goal that won Celtic the European Cup\""},{"Link":"http://www.scottish-football-historical-archive.co.nf/scotlandjuniorinternationals.xlsx","external_links_name":"\"Scotland Junior International Results and Lineups\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0045/print.shtml","external_links_name":"\"Celtic win European Cup 1967\""},{"Link":"https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0251-0e99b1ba85da-ec8053dc0a29-1000--who-has-won-a-treble-including-domestic-league-and-cup-title/","external_links_name":"\"Who has won a treble, including domestic league and cup titles, plus the European Cup or UEFA Champions League?\""},{"Link":"https://gameofthepeople.com/2022/06/01/celtic-1967-the-only-quadruple-winners/","external_links_name":"\"Celtic 1967 – the only quadruple winners\""},{"Link":"http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_records_overall.php","external_links_name":"\"Celtic all-time player records\""},{"Link":"http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/celtic-hero-stevie-chalmers-battling-10496272","external_links_name":"\"Celtic hero Stevie Chalmers battling dementia – granddaughter reveals heartbreaking news on eve of Lisbon Lions 50th anniversary\""},{"Link":"http://www.fitbastats.com/morton/player.php?playerid=438","external_links_name":"\"Morton player 'Thomas' Chalmers\""},{"Link":"http://www.fitbastats.com/morton/player.php?playerid=447","external_links_name":"\"Morton player 'Steve' Chalmers\""},{"Link":"http://scottishfootballhalloffame.co.uk/stevie-chalmers/","external_links_name":"\"Stevie Chalmers profile\""},{"Link":"https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/players/?pid=112786","external_links_name":"Stevie Chalmers"},{"Link":"http://www.londonhearts.com/SFL/players/stephenchalmers.html","external_links_name":"\"Scottish League player Stephen Chalmers\""},{"Link":"http://www.clydebankprogrammesonline.co.uk/Original%20Players.html","external_links_name":"\"The players (1914–1932)\""},{"Link":"http://www.neilbrown.newcastlefans.com/player/paulchalmers.html","external_links_name":"\"Paul Chalmers profile\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p053dxkx","external_links_name":"\"Goal hero Stevie Chalmers' life long debt to a Rangers fan\""},{"Link":"http://www.celticfc.net/news/16090","external_links_name":"\"Family's great sadness as Celtic legend Stevie Chalmers passes away\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48091417","external_links_name":"\"Stevie Chalmers: Celtic great who scored 1967 winner dies at 83\""},{"Link":"http://www.neilbrown.newcastlefans.com/player/stevechalmers.html","external_links_name":"Stevie Chalmers"},{"Link":"http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player.php?playerid=2641","external_links_name":"\"Celtic player Stevie Chalmers\""},{"Link":"https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/players/?pid=112786&lid=1","external_links_name":"\"Stevie Chalmers\""},{"Link":"http://www.thecelticwiki.com/page/Chalmers%2C+Stevie","external_links_name":"Player profile"},{"Link":"http://partickthistleahistory.wikifoundry.com/page/CHALMERS%2C+Steve+1972-74","external_links_name":"Player profile"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/295323453","external_links_name":"VIAF"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Slay
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Francis Slay
|
["1 Education and early career","2 Term as mayor","3 Post-mayor","4 Family","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"]
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American politician and lawyer
Francis SlaySlay in 201545th Mayor of St. LouisIn officeApril 17, 2001 – April 18, 2017Preceded byClarence HarmonSucceeded byLyda Krewson
Personal detailsBorn (1955-03-18) March 18, 1955 (age 69)St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.Political partyDemocraticSpouseKim SlayChildren2EducationQuincy College (BA)Saint Louis University (JD)ProfessionAttorney
Francis Gerard Slay (born March 18, 1955) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 45th Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri from 2001 to 2017. The first mayor of the city of St. Louis to be elected to the office four consecutive times, Slay is the longest-serving mayor in St. Louis history. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Education and early career
Slay graduated from St. Mary's High School in 1973. He received a degree in political science from Quincy University and a J.D. degree from Saint Louis University School of Law. After graduating from law school, Slay served as a law clerk for Judge Paul J. Simon of the Missouri Court of Appeals for the Eastern District. In 1981, he joined the law firm of Guilfoil, Petzall, and Shoemake where he specialized in business law and commercial litigation. Slay was elected to the St. Louis Board of Aldermen in 1985, representing the 23rd ward. In 1995, he was elected President of the Board of Aldermen, and in 1999 was re-elected without opposition.
Term as mayor
Slay walks down the steps of the Gateway Arch alongside Vice President Joe Biden and Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell in May 2014
Slay defeated incumbent mayor Clarence Harmon and former mayor Freeman Bosley Jr. in the Democratic Primary in 2001. During his first term, he oversaw significant residential redevelopment within the city, including the redevelopment of the Washington Avenue Loft District. Slay then negotiated the construction of Busch Stadium, the new St. Louis Cardinals baseball stadium in downtown St. Louis, and the re-districting of aldermanic wards required after the 2000 census. The Slay administration and its public and private partners have received national and international recognition for St. Louis's renaissance. In May 2007, Downtown St. Louis's revitalization was the subject of a Preserve America Presidential Award, the nation's highest award for historic preservation. In 2011, Citygarden won the Urban Land Institute's prestigious Amanda Burden Urban Open Space award.
He announced on April 8, 2016, that he would not seek another term as mayor, though he remains the longest-serving mayor of the City of St. Louis as of 2024.
Post-mayor
Slay accepted a job as an attorney with the Spencer Fane law firm, at their office in downtown St. Louis prior to his term ending on April 18, 2017
Family
Slay is the second of eleven children. His father, Francis R. Slay, was affiliated with St. Raymond's Maronite Catholic Cathedral in St. Louis, and was the long-time Democratic Committeeman in the 23rd Ward, and who once served as Recorder of Deeds. Francis R. Slay died on March 16, 2011, aged 83.
Slay and his wife Kim have two children and three rescued dogs. Slay is a Maronite Catholic and also a supporter of the Archdiocese of St. Louis and of Catholic organizations in the city. He is of Lebanese and Polish ancestry.
See also
2001 St. Louis mayoral election
2005 St. Louis mayoral election
2009 St. Louis mayoral election
2013 St. Louis mayoral election
Timeline of St. Louis
References
^ a b c "About - Mayor Slay: Standing up for St. Louis". MayorSlay. Archived from the original on February 4, 2017. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
^ "2007 Preserve America Presidential Awards". www.preserveamerica.gov. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
^ Robert W. Duffy (May 10, 2011). "Citygarden wins prestigious Amanda Burden award". St. Louis Public Radio. NPR. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
^ "Mayor's Office". stlouis-mo.gov. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
^ "After 16 years as mayor, Slay lands job at law firm". KSDK. February 15, 2017. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
^ McDermott, Kevin (April 16, 2017). "After 16 years, outgoing St. Louis Mayor Francis Slay reflects". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
^ Sorkin, Michael (March 16, 2011). "Francis R. Slay, father of the mayor, dies at 83". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
^ Profile, politicalgraveyard.com; accessed November 25, 2014.
Schlinkmann, Mark (April 18, 2001). "Slay Is Sworn in as St. Louis' 45th Mayor". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. p. A1.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Francis G. Slay.
Official website
The mayor's page on the city of St. Louis website
Political offices
Preceded byClarence Harmon
Mayor of St. Louis 2001–2017
Succeeded byLyda Krewson
vteMayors of St. Louis, Missouri
Lane
Page
Johnston
Darby
Daggett
Maguire
Wimer
Pratte
Camden
Mullanphy
Krum
Barry
Kennett
How
King
O. Filley
Taylor
C. Filley
Thomas
Cole
Brown
Barret
Britton
Overstolz
Ewing
Francis
Noonan
Walbridge
Ziegenhein
Wells
Kreismann
Kiel
Miller
Dickmann
Becker
Kaufmann
Darst
Tucker
Cervantes
Poelker
Conway
Schoemehl
Bosley
Harmon
Slay
Krewson
Jones
vteFerguson unrest
Shooting of Michael Brown
Ferguson, Missouri
Governmental agencies
Ferguson Police Department
Missouri National Guard
Missouri Attorney General
United States Attorney General
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Missouri State Highway Patrol
St. Louis County Police Department
St. Charles County Police Department
Federal Aviation Administration
The White House
United States Department of Justice
Missouri Department of Public Safety
St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department
People
Maria Chappelle-Nadal
Lacy Clay
Charlie Dooley
Doyle Sam Dotson III
John Hayden Jr.
Eric Holder
Daniel Isom
Jesse Jackson
James Knowles III
Chris Koster
Bob McCulloch
Jay Nixon
Barack Obama
Francis Slay
Steve Stenger
Protest organizations
Ferguson Action
Hands Up United
Black Lives Matter
Related
"Hands up, don't shoot"
"Don't Shoot"
Ferguson Municipal Public Library
Our Lady of Ferguson
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He is a member of the Democratic Party.","title":"Francis Slay"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"St. Mary's High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Mary%27s_High_School_(St._Louis)"},{"link_name":"political science","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_science"},{"link_name":"Quincy University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quincy_University"},{"link_name":"J.D.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juris_Doctor"},{"link_name":"Saint Louis University School of Law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Louis_University_School_of_Law"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-about-1"},{"link_name":"law school","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_school"},{"link_name":"law clerk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_clerk"},{"link_name":"Missouri Court of Appeals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Court_of_Appeals"},{"link_name":"law firm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_firm"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-about-1"}],"text":"Slay graduated from St. Mary's High School in 1973. He received a degree in political science from Quincy University and a J.D. degree from Saint Louis University School of Law.[1] After graduating from law school, Slay served as a law clerk for Judge Paul J. Simon of the Missouri Court of Appeals for the Eastern District. In 1981, he joined the law firm of Guilfoil, Petzall, and Shoemake where he specialized in business law and commercial litigation. Slay was elected to the St. Louis Board of Aldermen in 1985, representing the 23rd ward. In 1995, he was elected President of the Board of Aldermen, and in 1999 was re-elected without opposition.[1]","title":"Education and early career"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Francis_Slay_Sally_Jewell_Joe_Biden_2014_3.jpg"},{"link_name":"Gateway Arch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateway_Arch"},{"link_name":"Vice President","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"Joe Biden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden"},{"link_name":"Secretary of the Interior","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior"},{"link_name":"Sally Jewell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Jewell"},{"link_name":"incumbent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incumbent"},{"link_name":"Clarence Harmon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Harmon"},{"link_name":"Freeman Bosley Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_Bosley_Jr."},{"link_name":"Washington Avenue Loft District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Avenue_Loft_District"},{"link_name":"Busch Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busch_Stadium"},{"link_name":"St. Louis Cardinals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals"},{"link_name":"aldermanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alderman"},{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Slay walks down the steps of the Gateway Arch alongside Vice President Joe Biden and Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell in May 2014Slay defeated incumbent mayor Clarence Harmon and former mayor Freeman Bosley Jr. in the Democratic Primary in 2001. During his first term, he oversaw significant residential redevelopment within the city, including the redevelopment of the Washington Avenue Loft District. Slay then negotiated the construction of Busch Stadium, the new St. Louis Cardinals baseball stadium in downtown St. Louis, and the re-districting of aldermanic wards required after the 2000 census. The Slay administration and its public and private partners have received national and international recognition for St. Louis's renaissance. In May 2007, Downtown St. Louis's revitalization was the subject of a Preserve America Presidential Award,[2] the nation's highest award for historic preservation. In 2011, Citygarden won the Urban Land Institute's prestigious Amanda Burden Urban Open Space award.[3]He announced on April 8, 2016, that he would not seek another term as mayor, though he remains the longest-serving mayor of the City of St. Louis as of 2024.[4]","title":"Term as mayor"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Slay accepted a job as an attorney with the Spencer Fane law firm, at their office in downtown St. Louis[5] prior to his term ending on April 18, 2017[6]","title":"Post-mayor"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Maronite Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maronite_Catholic"},{"link_name":"Archdiocese of St. Louis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_St._Louis"},{"link_name":"Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic"},{"link_name":"Lebanese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_people"},{"link_name":"Polish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_people"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Slay is the second of eleven children. His father, Francis R. Slay, was affiliated with St. Raymond's Maronite Catholic Cathedral in St. Louis, and was the long-time Democratic Committeeman in the 23rd Ward, and who once served as Recorder of Deeds. Francis R. Slay died on March 16, 2011, aged 83.[7]Slay and his wife Kim have two children and three rescued dogs. Slay is a Maronite Catholic and also a supporter of the Archdiocese of St. Louis and of Catholic organizations in the city. He is of Lebanese and Polish ancestry.[8]","title":"Family"}]
|
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|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_Mushroom_Records
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Festival Records
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["1 Early years","2 Growth and consolidation","3 2015 revival","4 Labels","4.1 Local labels","5 See also","6 References"]
|
Australian record label
For the short-lived American record label, see Festival Records (American label).
Festival RecordsGenrePopFounded1952 (1952)FounderPaul CullenFateDefunctHeadquartersAustraliaNumber of locationsPyrmont, New South WalesOwnerWarner Bros. RecordsRhino EntertainmentParentNews Limited (1961–2005)Warner Music Group
Festival Records, later known as Festival Mushroom Records, was an Australian recording and publishing company founded in Sydney, Australia, in 1952 and operated until 2005.
Festival was a wholly-owned subsidiary of News Limited from 1961 to 2005. The company was successful for most of its 50-year life, despite the fact that as much as 90% of its annual profit was regularly siphoned off by Rupert Murdoch to subsidise his other media ventures.
Early years
Festival was established by one of Australia's first merchant banking companies, Mainguard, founded by entrepreneur and former Australian army officer Paul Cullen. Mainguard had a wide range of investments including one of Australia's first supermarket companies, and a whaling business and also backed famed Australian filmmaker Charles Chauvel.
The origin of Festival was Mainguard's purchase and merging of two small Sydney businesses—a record pressing company, Microgroove Australia, one of the first Australian companies to produce discs in the new vinyl microgroove record format, and Casper Precision Engineering. After buying the two companies Cullen reincorporated them as Festival Records on 21 October 1952; soon after he appointed popular Sydney bandleader Les Welch as the label's first artists and repertoire (A&R) manager. Another early staff member was Bruce Gyngell, who was later hired to help found Australia's first commercial TV station, TCN-9, in Sydney and was the first person to appear on TV in Australia in 1956. The connection between Nine and Festival would reap great benefits for the label in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Festival was able to gain a foothold in the Australian music market mainly thanks to Welch, who acquired the Australian rights to the epoch-making Bill Haley record "Rock Around The Clock". The single had originally been turned down by the Australian division of EMI in 1954, when it was first released in the United States, but Welch was able to trump EMI and secure the Australian rights to the recording for Festival in 1955, after the song became a big hit in America and Britain thanks to its inclusion in the film Blackboard Jungle. "Rock Around The Clock" became the biggest-selling record ever released in Australia up to that time, and it established Festival as a significant emerging player in the popular music market.
When Mainguard began diverting Festival's profits into its other businesses, Welch resigned. He was replaced by disc jockey and former record store clerk Ken Taylor. Like Welch, Taylor did not like rock 'n' roll, but he was an astute spotter and marketer of new talent. Thanks to Taylor, Festival was the first local label to sign Australian rock 'n' roll acts, including Australia's "Big Three" acts of the 1950s: Johnny O'Keefe and the Dee Jays, Col Joye and the Joy Boys and Dig Richards and the R'Jays. Festival's sales trebled, but by this time Mainguard was in serious financial straits and in 1957 Cullen sold Festival to property magnate L J Hooker.
Hooker was an avid music fan and reportedly took a keen personal interest in the company, even establishing his own boutique imprint label, Rex, named after the Sydney hotel that he owned. During this time, Festival had its first home-grown hit with Johnny O'Keefe's "Wild One" (aka "Real Wild Child"), a song covered in the US by Jerry Allison of the Crickets (as Ivan) in 1958 and also recorded by Jerry Lee Lewis for Sun Records. Both artists had heard O'Keefe perform the song during their 1958 Aussie tour and rush recorded the song on their return to the US. This Festival success was followed by four #1 hits in 1959 for another local act, Col Joye & the Joy Boys. But despite the chart success, Festival continued to lose money due to poor management and a lack of international acts on its roster, and Hooker eventually sold it on to Rupert Murdoch's News Limited in 1961, shortly after Murdoch's attempt to acquire the Australian division of the American Ampar label.
As with the Bill Haley single, Festival was again saved by a then-unknown American act—in this case, Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass, who had been recommended to Festival in 1962 by top Sydney DJ Bob Rogers. The Tijuana Brass' breakthrough record, "The Lonely Bull" became a worldwide hit and its success in Australia enabled Festival to sign a crucial distribution deal with Alpert's label A&M Records, who supplied Festival with a stream of top-selling U.S. acts such as the Carpenters.
Under the astute direction of long-serving company chairman Alan Hely, Festival quickly rose to become one of the top pop labels in Australasia (although the New Zealand operation was a standalone company with differing ownership and management), and through the late 1960s and early 1970s it rivalled and often surpassed the local market leader EMI. Hely built up a strong roster by cultivating Australian talent and establishing distribution deals with important local independent labels like Spin Records and Clarion Records in the Sixties and Mushroom Records in the Seventies. He also signed crucial distribution deals with major overseas labels like Island Records, Chrysalis Records, Arista Records and A&M Records which gave Festival exclusive Australian rights to a steady stream of international hit albums and singles.
Festival played a major role in the Australian pop scene of the mid-to-late 1960s, and it competed strongly with its overseas-owned rivals EMI, CBS and RCA. Festival recorded or distributed some of the most popular Australian acts of the decade, including country music star Reg Lindsay. Lindsay received citations and awards from Festival management and the Australian Record Industry in the 1960s and 1970s for outstanding record sales and his promotion of country music nationally and internationally] the Delltones, Warren Williams, Billy Thorpe, the Bee Gees, Ray Brown & the Whispers, Tony Worsley & the Fabulous Blue Jays, Jimmy Little, Noeleen Batley, Mike Furber, Olivia Newton-John, the Dave Miller Set, Johnny Young, Jamie Redfern, Wild Cherries and Jeff St John.
An important factor in the company's success during the pop boom of the 1960s was the pressing and distribution deals it made with the many small independent pop labels that emerged in this period. Notable among these were the Sunshine Records and Kommotion Records labels established by Ivan Dayman in 1964, Martin Clarke's Perth-based Clarion Records and the Sydney-based pop label Spin Records, a partnership between publisher Clyde Packer and promoter Harry M. Miller.
A large proportion of the recordings released on Sunshine, Kommmotion and Spin were overseen by producer Pat Aulton, who became one of Festival's house producers from 1966 until the early 1970s. Aulton was probably responsible for more Australian-made hits than any other record producer of his era. Aulton began his career as a singer in the Adelaide band the Clefs, then became an A&R manager for the Sunshine label, where he produced many of that label's releases, including hits by Normie Rowe. When Dayman's mini-empire collapsed in 1966, Aulton discovered that he had unwittingly been named as a partner in the record label and this made him liable for its debts. As a result, he had most of his assets seized by creditors. He was rescued by Festival MD Fred Marks, who offered him a job as a house producer for Festival, overseeing all the pop side of the company's business. Aulton supervised the installation of Festival's new 4-track studio at Pyrmont later that year and he oversaw most of the company's pop/rock output between 1967 and 1970, including producing an album and an Australian hit single for American singer-songwriter Neil Sedaka.
Growth and consolidation
In January 1971, Festival established a new progressive music label, Infinity Records (not related to the U.S. MCA affiliated label of the same name, see Infinity Records.) Early Infinity releases included Kahvas Jute, the "new" Billy Thorpe & the Aztecs and Blackfeather. Infinity's biggest successes were Sydney band Sherbet, who became the most popular and successful local band of the early Seventies and one of the most successful Australian groups of all time, and singer-songwriter Richard Clapton; both acts were produced by Richard Batchens, who succeeded Pat Aulton as Festival's main house producer. In 1979 Mark Moffatt replaced Batchens as house producer, bringing much of the Mushroom recording in house.
Another notable success for Festival in this period was Sister Janet Mead. The Adelaide-based nun was an experienced music teacher who had been using pop music in religious ceremonies to involve young people and had provided music for "rock Mass" events. In 1973 Mead came to Sydney to record with Festival house producer Martin Erdman and one of the tracks from that session, a rock arrangement of "The Lord's Prayer", was released as the B-side of her first single. After being picked up by radio it became one of the surprise hits of the year, reaching #3 on the Australian Singles Chart (Kent Music Report) in 1974. It was also a huge success in America, reaching No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the first Australian recording to sell over one million copies in the United States, earning a Gold Award for Sister Janet Mead and Martin Erdman. It also earned a Grammy Award nomination and Golden Gospel Award in 2004.
Although the American-owned companies Warner Music Group and CBS considerably expanded their local presence and market share during this period, Festival enjoyed continuing success during the late 1970s and mid to late 1980s under the helm of managing director Jim White, and also thanks in part to its alliance with the Melbourne-based Mushroom Records label and the Sydney-based Regular Records label, whose roster included top selling bands such as Icehouse, Mental As Anything and the Cockroaches (which later evolved into the hugely successful children's act the Wiggles). Both Mushroom and Regular recorded much of the best new Australian music of the time.
In the late 1980s change swept through the music industry and vinyl was rapidly supplanted by the new compact disc format which Festival embraced. However it started to lose manufacturing revenue at this point because of how predominant its vinyl and cassette pressing business was and because of the lack of CD manufacturing facilities for Festival, whose revenue was also dented by the loss of many of the successful independent overseas labels it had formerly distributed, notably Island Records, A&M and Chrysalis; some deals ended due to overseas labels opening local branches, while others were lost when these former independents (e.g. Virgin, Charisma) were taken over by major labels like PolyGram, BMG (Bertelsmann Music Group), Sony Music, Warner Music Group (which would absorb Festival), and EMI. The loss of these overseas labels took a sizeable chunk out of Festival's profits, a problem compounded by Murdoch's persistent siphoning-off of Festival's profits, leaving it without the cash reserves it needed to invest in new plant, new acts and new labels.
In 1995, Alan Hely was nearing retirement, but he agreed to stay on to tutor Rupert Murdoch's younger son, James, who, to the surprise of many in the industry, was appointed as Festival's chairman despite then being only 23 and with no significant business experience. James Murdoch had a reputation as the Murdoch family rebel; he bleached his hair and for some time sported an eyebrow stud and, to his family's dismay, he had just dropped out of Harvard University to set up a hip-hop label, Rawkus Records, which for a time was the United States' premier hip-hop label, boasting Mos Def, Company Flow and others.
Hely stayed on for some time after the appointment, but he resigned earlier than he had planned after disagreements with Murdoch; MD Bill Eeg took the reins for a short period before but resigned after the appointment of Roger Grierson, a one-time member of Sydney '80s new wave band the Thought Criminals and a former manager of Nick Cave.
In 1997, Grierson set about rebuilding Festival's profile, negotiating new licensing/distribution/promotion deals with a group of prestige Australian independent labels including W.Minc, Half a Cow, Reliant Records, Global Records, and Psy-Harmonics as well as international licences including TVT Records, Walt Disney Records/Hollywood Records/Mammoth Records, Chris Blackwell's Palm Pictures, V2 Records and later on prestigious Australian label Albert Productions, the home of AC/DC
Under Grierson and Murdoch's management, Festival bought out Michael Gudinski's controlling 51% share of Mushroom Records in 1999. The two companies were then merged and renamed Festival Mushroom Records (FMR).
Several notable industry figures were hired as executives, including Jeremy Fabinyi (former artist manager and ex-head of AMCOS), Paul Dickson, former head of Polygram Australia, respected musician Mark Callaghan (ex-Riptides, GANGgajang) and industry veteran and former Larrikin Records boss Warren Fahey. The company also established an online music site, Whammo, which offered online CD sales as well as hosting an online version of Ian McFarlane's Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop. The company had #1 records with Motorace, 28 Days, George, Amiel, Kylie Minogue and others under licence and distribution arrangements including Moby, Madonna, Britney Spears and Michael Crawford. They also had the highest selling album of 2002 with the soundtrack to Baz Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge. "Addicted to Bass" went to #2 in the UK charts and the band had top ten records in Japan through a licence arrangement with Sony Music Japan. In 2002, FMR had more #1 singles and more #1 albums than any other company.
In 2000, James Murdoch was appointed to head Star TV and moved to Hong Kong.
Festival celebrated its fiftieth anniversary in 2002 with a major museum exhibition and a series of commemorative CDs. News Ltd poured millions into Festival in the decade between 1995 and 2005; James Murdoch reportedly spent A$10 million on artists and repertoire. The company won both the Song of the Year and Songwriter of the Year ARIA award in 2004 with Powderfinger and Amiel.
Despite these successes, revenues continued to fall and by 2006 the company was in dire financial straits. In October, FMR announced that its recorded music assets had been sold to Warner Music Australasia. The terms of the sale were not disclosed although sources at other labels estimated that the deal was worth between A$5 million and A$10 million. Festival Mushroom's offices in five cities were closed and 43 of the company's 54 remaining staff were retrenched, with eleven senior management, promotions and marketing staff moved into positions at Warner.
The combined Festival Mushroom Records–Warner Bros. Records recording archive contains a large proportion of the most important Australian pop and rock music of the late 20th century, and the collection is said to contain more than 20,000 master tapes, including music by Johnny O'Keefe, the Bee Gees, Peter Allen, Sherbet, Olivia Newton-John, Timbaland, Nelly Furtado, Madonna, Mika and Kylie Minogue.
Another major FMR asset, Festival Studios, was acquired by ex-Festival Studios engineer Tom Misner, who acquired Studios 301 the same year. Similarly, Festival Music Publishing, was acquired in November 2005 by Michael Gudinski's Mushroom Publishing, for an undisclosed sum.
2015 revival
In 2015, the Festival Records label was revived with the first album 100 Greatest Australian Singles of the 60s.
Labels
Local labels
Mushroom Records (merged with company in 1998)
Best Boy (soundtrack label; formed in 1998)
Bazmark Music (joint venture in 2001)
Spin Records (distribution from 1966 to 1974; purchased catalogue after liquidation and briefly revived as a reissue label in 2000)
Infinity Records (subsidiary formed in 1971)
Larrikin Records (acquired in 1995)
Walkabout Records (jazz sublabel)
Festival Kids
Vital Records
Interfusion Records
F1 Records
Walsingham Classics
See also
Lists of record labels
Leedon Records
Sunshine Records
Spin Records
Mushroom Records
Warner Bros. Records Australia
References
^ Higgins, David (9 November 2005). "A long way to the bottom". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Kimball, Duncan (2002). "Festival Records". Milesago: Australasian Music and Popular Culture 1964–1975. Ice Productions. Archived from the original on 14 March 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
^ a b Higgins, 2005, op.cit.
^ "Infinity history". Retrieved 7 August 2022.
^ "Forum - One Hit Wonders (General: Music/Charts related)". Australian-charts.com. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
^ "Janet Mead article". Answers.com. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
^ "Janet Mead profile on Hardrush". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
^ "Australian Gospel Music Awards". Archived from the original on 20 April 2009. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
^ Christie Eliezer (20 October 2005). "Warner Bros. Records Buys Aussie Teen Pop Record label FMR". All Business.
^ Christie Eliezer (24 November 2005). "Australia's Mushroom Music Buys Festival Pub". All Business.
^ "Festival Records : Local And International Labels". 24 August 2000. Archived from the original on 24 August 2000. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
^ "MILESAGO - Record Labels - Spin Records". Milesago.com. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Festival Records (American label)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_Records_(American_label)"},{"link_name":"Sydney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney"},{"link_name":"News Limited","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Corp_Australia"},{"link_name":"Rupert Murdoch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"For the short-lived American record label, see Festival Records (American label).Festival Records, later known as Festival Mushroom Records, was an Australian recording and publishing company founded in Sydney, Australia, in 1952 and operated until 2005.Festival was a wholly-owned subsidiary of News Limited from 1961 to 2005. The company was successful for most of its 50-year life, despite the fact that as much as 90% of its annual profit was regularly siphoned off by Rupert Murdoch to subsidise his other media ventures.[1]","title":"Festival Records"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kimball-2"},{"link_name":"Charles Chauvel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Chauvel_(filmmaker)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kimball-2"},{"link_name":"microgroove record","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgroove_record"},{"link_name":"Les Welch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Welch"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kimball-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Higgins,_2005,_op.cit-3"},{"link_name":"Bruce Gyngell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Gyngell"},{"link_name":"TCN-9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCN-9"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kimball-2"},{"link_name":"Bill Haley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Haley_(musician)"},{"link_name":"EMI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI"},{"link_name":"Blackboard Jungle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackboard_Jungle"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kimball-2"},{"link_name":"disc jockey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey"},{"link_name":"Johnny O'Keefe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_O%27Keefe"},{"link_name":"Col Joye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col_Joye"},{"link_name":"Dig Richards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dig_Richards"},{"link_name":"L J Hooker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L_J_Hooker"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kimball-2"},{"link_name":"Wild One","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_One_(Johnny_O%27Keefe_song)"},{"link_name":"Rupert Murdoch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch"},{"link_name":"News Limited","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Limited"},{"link_name":"Ampar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC-Paramount"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kimball-2"},{"link_name":"Herb Alpert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb_Alpert"},{"link_name":"Bob Rogers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Rogers_(disc_jockey)"},{"link_name":"A&M Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26M_Records"},{"link_name":"the Carpenters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Carpenters"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kimball-2"},{"link_name":"Alan Hely","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alan_Hely&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"EMI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI"},{"link_name":"Spin Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_Records_(Australian_label)"},{"link_name":"Clarion Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarion_Records&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mushroom Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_Records"},{"link_name":"Island Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Records"},{"link_name":"Chrysalis Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysalis_Records"},{"link_name":"Arista Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arista_Records"},{"link_name":"A&M Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26M_Records"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kimball-2"},{"link_name":"played a major role","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_record_companies_in_the_60s"},{"link_name":"Australian pop scene of the mid-to-late 1960s","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_trends_in_Australian_music#1960s"},{"link_name":"EMI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI"},{"link_name":"CBS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records"},{"link_name":"RCA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Records"},{"link_name":"the Delltones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Delltones"},{"link_name":"Warren Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Williams_(rock_musician)"},{"link_name":"Billy Thorpe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Thorpe"},{"link_name":"the Bee Gees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bee_Gees"},{"link_name":"Ray Brown & the Whispers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Brown_%26_the_Whispers"},{"link_name":"Tony Worsley & the Fabulous Blue Jays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tony_Worsley_%26_the_Fabulous_Blue_Jays&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Jimmy Little","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Little"},{"link_name":"Noeleen Batley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noeleen_Batley"},{"link_name":"Mike Furber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Furber"},{"link_name":"Olivia Newton-John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John"},{"link_name":"the Dave Miller Set","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Miller_(New_Zealand_musician)"},{"link_name":"Johnny Young","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Young"},{"link_name":"Jamie Redfern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Redfern"},{"link_name":"Wild Cherries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_Cherries"},{"link_name":"Jeff St John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_St_John"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kimball-2"},{"link_name":"Sunshine Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshine_Records_(Australia)"},{"link_name":"Kommotion Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommotion"},{"link_name":"Ivan Dayman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Dayman"},{"link_name":"Clarion Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarion_Records&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Spin Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_Records_(Australian_label)"},{"link_name":"Clyde Packer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clyde_Packer"},{"link_name":"Harry M. Miller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_M._Miller"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kimball-2"},{"link_name":"Pat Aulton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Aulton"},{"link_name":"the Clefs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Clefs"},{"link_name":"Normie Rowe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normie_Rowe"},{"link_name":"Neil Sedaka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Sedaka"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kimball-2"}],"text":"Festival was established by one of Australia's first merchant banking companies, Mainguard, founded by entrepreneur and former Australian army officer Paul Cullen.[2] Mainguard had a wide range of investments including one of Australia's first supermarket companies, and a whaling business and also backed famed Australian filmmaker Charles Chauvel.[2]The origin of Festival was Mainguard's purchase and merging of two small Sydney businesses—a record pressing company, Microgroove Australia, one of the first Australian companies to produce discs in the new vinyl microgroove record format, and Casper Precision Engineering. After buying the two companies Cullen reincorporated them as Festival Records on 21 October 1952; soon after he appointed popular Sydney bandleader Les Welch as the label's first artists and repertoire (A&R) manager.[2][3] Another early staff member was Bruce Gyngell, who was later hired to help found Australia's first commercial TV station, TCN-9, in Sydney and was the first person to appear on TV in Australia in 1956. The connection between Nine and Festival would reap great benefits for the label in the late 1950s and early 1960s.[2]Festival was able to gain a foothold in the Australian music market mainly thanks to Welch, who acquired the Australian rights to the epoch-making Bill Haley record \"Rock Around The Clock\". The single had originally been turned down by the Australian division of EMI in 1954, when it was first released in the United States, but Welch was able to trump EMI and secure the Australian rights to the recording for Festival in 1955, after the song became a big hit in America and Britain thanks to its inclusion in the film Blackboard Jungle. \"Rock Around The Clock\" became the biggest-selling record ever released in Australia up to that time, and it established Festival as a significant emerging player in the popular music market.[2]When Mainguard began diverting Festival's profits into its other businesses, Welch resigned. He was replaced by disc jockey and former record store clerk Ken Taylor. Like Welch, Taylor did not like rock 'n' roll, but he was an astute spotter and marketer of new talent. Thanks to Taylor, Festival was the first local label to sign Australian rock 'n' roll acts, including Australia's \"Big Three\" acts of the 1950s: Johnny O'Keefe and the Dee Jays, Col Joye and the Joy Boys and Dig Richards and the R'Jays. Festival's sales trebled, but by this time Mainguard was in serious financial straits and in 1957 Cullen sold Festival to property magnate L J Hooker.[2]Hooker was an avid music fan and reportedly took a keen personal interest in the company, even establishing his own boutique imprint label, Rex, named after the Sydney hotel that he owned. During this time, Festival had its first home-grown hit with Johnny O'Keefe's \"Wild One\" (aka \"Real Wild Child\"), a song covered in the US by Jerry Allison of the Crickets (as Ivan) in 1958 and also recorded by Jerry Lee Lewis for Sun Records. Both artists had heard O'Keefe perform the song during their 1958 Aussie tour and rush recorded the song on their return to the US. This Festival success was followed by four #1 hits in 1959 for another local act, Col Joye & the Joy Boys. But despite the chart success, Festival continued to lose money due to poor management and a lack of international acts on its roster, and Hooker eventually sold it on to Rupert Murdoch's News Limited in 1961, shortly after Murdoch's attempt to acquire the Australian division of the American Ampar label.[2]As with the Bill Haley single, Festival was again saved by a then-unknown American act—in this case, Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass, who had been recommended to Festival in 1962 by top Sydney DJ Bob Rogers. The Tijuana Brass' breakthrough record, \"The Lonely Bull\" became a worldwide hit and its success in Australia enabled Festival to sign a crucial distribution deal with Alpert's label A&M Records, who supplied Festival with a stream of top-selling U.S. acts such as the Carpenters.[2]Under the astute direction of long-serving company chairman Alan Hely, Festival quickly rose to become one of the top pop labels in Australasia (although the New Zealand operation was a standalone company with differing ownership and management), and through the late 1960s and early 1970s it rivalled and often surpassed the local market leader EMI. Hely built up a strong roster by cultivating Australian talent and establishing distribution deals with important local independent labels like Spin Records and Clarion Records in the Sixties and Mushroom Records in the Seventies. He also signed crucial distribution deals with major overseas labels like Island Records, Chrysalis Records, Arista Records and A&M Records which gave Festival exclusive Australian rights to a steady stream of international hit albums and singles.[2]Festival played a major role in the Australian pop scene of the mid-to-late 1960s, and it competed strongly with its overseas-owned rivals EMI, CBS and RCA. Festival recorded or distributed some of the most popular Australian acts of the decade, including country music star Reg Lindsay. Lindsay received citations and awards from Festival management and the Australian Record Industry in the 1960s and 1970s for outstanding record sales and his promotion of country music nationally and internationally] the Delltones, Warren Williams, Billy Thorpe, the Bee Gees, Ray Brown & the Whispers, Tony Worsley & the Fabulous Blue Jays, Jimmy Little, Noeleen Batley, Mike Furber, Olivia Newton-John, the Dave Miller Set, Johnny Young, Jamie Redfern, Wild Cherries and Jeff St John.[2]An important factor in the company's success during the pop boom of the 1960s was the pressing and distribution deals it made with the many small independent pop labels that emerged in this period. Notable among these were the Sunshine Records and Kommotion Records labels established by Ivan Dayman in 1964, Martin Clarke's Perth-based Clarion Records and the Sydney-based pop label Spin Records, a partnership between publisher Clyde Packer and promoter Harry M. Miller.[2]A large proportion of the recordings released on Sunshine, Kommmotion and Spin were overseen by producer Pat Aulton, who became one of Festival's house producers from 1966 until the early 1970s. Aulton was probably responsible for more Australian-made hits than any other record producer of his era. Aulton began his career as a singer in the Adelaide band the Clefs, then became an A&R manager for the Sunshine label, where he produced many of that label's releases, including hits by Normie Rowe. When Dayman's mini-empire collapsed in 1966, Aulton discovered that he had unwittingly been named as a partner in the record label and this made him liable for its debts. As a result, he had most of his assets seized by creditors. He was rescued by Festival MD Fred Marks, who offered him a job as a house producer for Festival, overseeing all the pop side of the company's business. Aulton supervised the installation of Festival's new 4-track studio at Pyrmont later that year and he oversaw most of the company's pop/rock output between 1967 and 1970, including producing an album and an Australian hit single for American singer-songwriter Neil Sedaka.[2]","title":"Early years"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Infinity Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infinity_Records_(Australia)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"MCA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCA_Inc."},{"link_name":"Infinity Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinity_Records"},{"link_name":"Kahvas Jute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahvas_Jute"},{"link_name":"Billy Thorpe & the Aztecs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Thorpe_%26_the_Aztecs"},{"link_name":"Blackfeather","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackfeather_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sherbet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherbet_(band)"},{"link_name":"Richard Clapton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Clapton"},{"link_name":"Richard Batchens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Batchens"},{"link_name":"Pat Aulton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Aulton"},{"link_name":"Sister Janet Mead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_Janet_Mead"},{"link_name":"Martin Erdman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_Erdman&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"The Lord's Prayer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord%27s_Prayer_(Sister_Janet_Mead_song)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Billboard Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ANS-6"},{"link_name":"Grammy Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award"},{"link_name":"Golden Gospel Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australian_Gospel_Music_Awards&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HRP-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Award-8"},{"link_name":"Warner Music Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Music_Group"},{"link_name":"CBS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music"},{"link_name":"Mushroom Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_Records"},{"link_name":"Regular Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_Records"},{"link_name":"Icehouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icehouse_(band)"},{"link_name":"Mental As Anything","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_As_Anything"},{"link_name":"the Cockroaches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cockroaches"},{"link_name":"the Wiggles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wiggles"},{"link_name":"compact disc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_disc"},{"link_name":"Island Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Records"},{"link_name":"A&M","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26M_Records"},{"link_name":"Chrysalis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysalis_Records"},{"link_name":"PolyGram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolyGram"},{"link_name":"Bertelsmann Music Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann_Music_Group"},{"link_name":"Sony Music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music"},{"link_name":"Warner Music Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Music_Group"},{"link_name":"EMI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI"},{"link_name":"James","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Murdoch_(media_executive)"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Harvard University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University"},{"link_name":"Rawkus Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawkus_Records"},{"link_name":"Mos Def","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mos_Def"},{"link_name":"Company Flow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_Flow"},{"link_name":"Roger Grierson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Grierson"},{"link_name":"the Thought Criminals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Thought_Criminals"},{"link_name":"Nick Cave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Cave"},{"link_name":"W.Minc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W.Minc&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Half a Cow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_a_Cow"},{"link_name":"Reliant Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reliant_Records&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Global Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Records"},{"link_name":"Psy-Harmonics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psy-Harmonics"},{"link_name":"TVT Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVT_Records"},{"link_name":"Walt Disney Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_Records"},{"link_name":"Hollywood Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Records"},{"link_name":"Mammoth Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoth_Records"},{"link_name":"Chris Blackwell's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Blackwell"},{"link_name":"Palm Pictures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Pictures"},{"link_name":"V2 Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V2_Records"},{"link_name":"Albert Productions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Productions"},{"link_name":"AC/DC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC/DC"},{"link_name":"Michael Gudinski","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Gudinski"},{"link_name":"Mushroom Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_Records"},{"link_name":"Mark Callaghan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_Callaghan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Riptides","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riptides"},{"link_name":"GANGgajang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GANGgajang"},{"link_name":"Larrikin Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larrikin_Records"},{"link_name":"Warren Fahey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Fahey"},{"link_name":"Ian McFarlane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_McFarlane"},{"link_name":"Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Australian_Rock_and_Pop"},{"link_name":"Amiel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiel_Daemion"},{"link_name":"Kylie Minogue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylie_Minogue"},{"link_name":"Moby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moby"},{"link_name":"Madonna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)"},{"link_name":"Britney Spears","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britney_Spears"},{"link_name":"Michael Crawford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Crawford"},{"link_name":"Baz Luhrmann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baz_Luhrmann"},{"link_name":"Moulin Rouge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moulin_Rouge!"},{"link_name":"Sony Music Japan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment_Japan"},{"link_name":"Star TV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAR_TV_(Asia)"},{"link_name":"Hong Kong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong"},{"link_name":"ARIA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association"},{"link_name":"award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARIA_Music_Awards"},{"link_name":"Powderfinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powderfinger"},{"link_name":"Amiel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiel_Daemion"},{"link_name":"Warner Music Australasia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Music_Australia"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Johnny O'Keefe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_O%27Keefe"},{"link_name":"the Bee Gees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bee_Gees"},{"link_name":"Peter Allen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Allen_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Sherbet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherbet_(band)"},{"link_name":"Olivia Newton-John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John"},{"link_name":"Timbaland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbaland"},{"link_name":"Nelly Furtado","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelly_Furtado"},{"link_name":"Madonna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)"},{"link_name":"Mika","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mika_(singer)"},{"link_name":"Kylie Minogue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylie_Minogue"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Higgins,_2005,_op.cit-3"},{"link_name":"Studios 301","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studios_301"},{"link_name":"Michael Gudinski","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Gudinski"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"In January 1971, Festival established a new progressive music label,[4] Infinity Records (not related to the U.S. MCA affiliated label of the same name, see Infinity Records.) Early Infinity releases included Kahvas Jute, the \"new\" Billy Thorpe & the Aztecs and Blackfeather. Infinity's biggest successes were Sydney band Sherbet, who became the most popular and successful local band of the early Seventies and one of the most successful Australian groups of all time, and singer-songwriter Richard Clapton; both acts were produced by Richard Batchens, who succeeded Pat Aulton as Festival's main house producer. In 1979 Mark Moffatt replaced Batchens as house producer, bringing much of the Mushroom recording in house.Another notable success for Festival in this period was Sister Janet Mead. The Adelaide-based nun was an experienced music teacher who had been using pop music in religious ceremonies to involve young people and had provided music for \"rock Mass\" events. In 1973 Mead came to Sydney to record with Festival house producer Martin Erdman and one of the tracks from that session, a rock arrangement of \"The Lord's Prayer\", was released as the B-side of her first single. After being picked up by radio it became one of the surprise hits of the year, reaching #3 on the Australian Singles Chart (Kent Music Report) in 1974.[5] It was also a huge success in America, reaching No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the first Australian recording to sell over one million copies in the United States,[6] earning a Gold Award for Sister Janet Mead and Martin Erdman. It also earned a Grammy Award nomination and Golden Gospel Award[7] in 2004.[8]Although the American-owned companies Warner Music Group and CBS considerably expanded their local presence and market share during this period, Festival enjoyed continuing success during the late 1970s and mid to late 1980s under the helm of managing director Jim White, and also thanks in part to its alliance with the Melbourne-based Mushroom Records label and the Sydney-based Regular Records label, whose roster included top selling bands such as Icehouse, Mental As Anything and the Cockroaches (which later evolved into the hugely successful children's act the Wiggles). Both Mushroom and Regular recorded much of the best new Australian music of the time.In the late 1980s change swept through the music industry and vinyl was rapidly supplanted by the new compact disc format which Festival embraced. However it started to lose manufacturing revenue at this point because of how predominant its vinyl and cassette pressing business was and because of the lack of CD manufacturing facilities for Festival, whose revenue was also dented by the loss of many of the successful independent overseas labels it had formerly distributed, notably Island Records, A&M and Chrysalis; some deals ended due to overseas labels opening local branches, while others were lost when these former independents (e.g. Virgin, Charisma) were taken over by major labels like PolyGram, BMG (Bertelsmann Music Group), Sony Music, Warner Music Group (which would absorb Festival), and EMI. The loss of these overseas labels took a sizeable chunk out of Festival's profits, a problem compounded by Murdoch's persistent siphoning-off of Festival's profits, leaving it without the cash reserves it needed to invest in new plant, new acts and new labels.In 1995, Alan Hely was nearing retirement, but he agreed to stay on to tutor Rupert Murdoch's younger son, James, who, to the surprise of many in the industry, was appointed as Festival's chairman despite then being only 23 and with no significant business experience. James Murdoch had a reputation as the Murdoch family rebel; he bleached his hair and for some time sported an eyebrow stud and, to his family's dismay,[citation needed] he had just dropped out of Harvard University to set up a hip-hop label, Rawkus Records, which for a time was the United States' premier hip-hop label, boasting Mos Def, Company Flow and others.Hely stayed on for some time after the appointment, but he resigned earlier than he had planned after disagreements with Murdoch; MD Bill Eeg took the reins for a short period before but resigned after the appointment of Roger Grierson, a one-time member of Sydney '80s new wave band the Thought Criminals and a former manager of Nick Cave.In 1997, Grierson set about rebuilding Festival's profile, negotiating new licensing/distribution/promotion deals with a group of prestige Australian independent labels including W.Minc, Half a Cow, Reliant Records, Global Records, and Psy-Harmonics as well as international licences including TVT Records, Walt Disney Records/Hollywood Records/Mammoth Records, Chris Blackwell's Palm Pictures, V2 Records and later on prestigious Australian label Albert Productions, the home of AC/DCUnder Grierson and Murdoch's management, Festival bought out Michael Gudinski's controlling 51% share of Mushroom Records in 1999. The two companies were then merged and renamed Festival Mushroom Records (FMR).Several notable industry figures were hired as executives, including Jeremy Fabinyi (former artist manager and ex-head of AMCOS), Paul Dickson, former head of Polygram Australia, respected musician Mark Callaghan (ex-Riptides, GANGgajang) and industry veteran and former Larrikin Records boss Warren Fahey. The company also established an online music site, Whammo, which offered online CD sales as well as hosting an online version of Ian McFarlane's Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop. The company had #1 records with Motorace, 28 Days, George, Amiel, Kylie Minogue and others under licence and distribution arrangements including Moby, Madonna, Britney Spears and Michael Crawford. They also had the highest selling album of 2002 with the soundtrack to Baz Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge. \"Addicted to Bass\" went to #2 in the UK charts and the band had top ten records in Japan through a licence arrangement with Sony Music Japan. In 2002, FMR had more #1 singles and more #1 albums than any other company.In 2000, James Murdoch was appointed to head Star TV and moved to Hong Kong.Festival celebrated its fiftieth anniversary in 2002 with a major museum exhibition and a series of commemorative CDs. News Ltd poured millions into Festival in the decade between 1995 and 2005; James Murdoch reportedly spent A$10 million on artists and repertoire. The company won both the Song of the Year and Songwriter of the Year ARIA award in 2004 with Powderfinger and Amiel.Despite these successes, revenues continued to fall and by 2006 the company was in dire financial straits. In October, FMR announced that its recorded music assets had been sold to Warner Music Australasia.[9] The terms of the sale were not disclosed although sources at other labels estimated that the deal was worth between A$5 million and A$10 million. Festival Mushroom's offices in five cities were closed and 43 of the company's 54 remaining staff were retrenched, with eleven senior management, promotions and marketing staff moved into positions at Warner.The combined Festival Mushroom Records–Warner Bros. Records recording archive contains a large proportion of the most important Australian pop and rock music of the late 20th century, and the collection is said to contain more than 20,000 master tapes, including music by Johnny O'Keefe, the Bee Gees, Peter Allen, Sherbet, Olivia Newton-John, Timbaland, Nelly Furtado, Madonna, Mika and Kylie Minogue.[3]Another major FMR asset, Festival Studios, was acquired by ex-Festival Studios engineer Tom Misner, who acquired Studios 301 the same year. Similarly, Festival Music Publishing, was acquired in November 2005 by Michael Gudinski's Mushroom Publishing, for an undisclosed sum.[10]","title":"Growth and consolidation"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"In 2015, the Festival Records label was revived with the first album 100 Greatest Australian Singles of the 60s.","title":"2015 revival"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Labels"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mushroom Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_Records"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Bazmark Music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baz_Luhrmann"},{"link_name":"Spin Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_Records_(Australian_label)"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Larrikin Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larrikin_Records"}],"sub_title":"Local labels","text":"Mushroom Records (merged with company in 1998)\nBest Boy (soundtrack label; formed in 1998)[11]\nBazmark Music (joint venture in 2001)\nSpin Records (distribution from 1966 to 1974; purchased catalogue after liquidation and briefly revived as a reissue label in 2000)[12]\nInfinity Records (subsidiary formed in 1971)\nLarrikin Records (acquired in 1995)\nWalkabout Records (jazz sublabel)\nFestival Kids\nVital Records\nInterfusion Records\nF1 Records\nWalsingham Classics","title":"Labels"}]
|
[]
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[{"title":"Lists of record labels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_record_labels"},{"title":"Leedon Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leedon_Records"},{"title":"Sunshine Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshine_Records_(Australia)"},{"title":"Spin Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_Records_(Australian_label)"},{"title":"Mushroom Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_Records"},{"title":"Warner Bros. Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Bros._Records"}]
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[{"reference":"Higgins, David (9 November 2005). \"A long way to the bottom\". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 13 August 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/a-long-way-to-the-bottom-20051110-gdmeu1.html","url_text":"\"A long way to the bottom\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald","url_text":"The Sydney Morning Herald"}]},{"reference":"Kimball, Duncan (2002). \"Festival Records\". Milesago: Australasian Music and Popular Culture 1964–1975. Ice Productions. Archived from the original on 14 March 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20090314203800/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/35967/20090315-0738/www.milesago.com/Industry/festival.html","url_text":"\"Festival Records\""},{"url":"http://www.milesago.com/Industry/festival.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Infinity history\". Retrieved 7 August 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ilikeyouroldstuff.com/news/great-australian-record-label-infinity-records","url_text":"\"Infinity history\""}]},{"reference":"\"Forum - One Hit Wonders (General: Music/Charts related)\". Australian-charts.com. Retrieved 13 August 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://australian-charts.com/forum.asp?id=24592&todo=viewthread","url_text":"\"Forum - One Hit Wonders (General: Music/Charts related)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Janet Mead article\". Answers.com. Retrieved 29 March 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.answers.com/topic/sister-janet-mead","url_text":"\"Janet Mead article\""}]},{"reference":"\"Janet Mead profile on Hardrush\". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070928095031/http://www.hardrushmusic.com/sister_janet_mead.html","url_text":"\"Janet Mead profile on Hardrush\""},{"url":"http://www.hardrushmusic.com/sister_janet_mead.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Australian Gospel Music Awards\". Archived from the original on 20 April 2009. Retrieved 29 March 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090420003349/http://www.hardrushmusic.com/HRDM0020.html","url_text":"\"Australian Gospel Music Awards\""},{"url":"http://www.hardrushmusic.com/HRDM0020.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Christie Eliezer (20 October 2005). \"Warner Bros. Records Buys Aussie Teen Pop Record label FMR\". All Business.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4381323-1.html","url_text":"\"Warner Bros. Records Buys Aussie Teen Pop Record label FMR\""}]},{"reference":"Christie Eliezer (24 November 2005). \"Australia's Mushroom Music Buys Festival Pub\". All Business.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4382218-1.html","url_text":"\"Australia's Mushroom Music Buys Festival Pub\""}]},{"reference":"\"Festival Records : Local And International Labels\". 24 August 2000. Archived from the original on 24 August 2000. Retrieved 28 October 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20000824144454/http://www.festivalrecords.com.au/labels/index.html","url_text":"\"Festival Records : Local And International Labels\""},{"url":"http://www.festivalrecords.com.au/labels/index.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"MILESAGO - Record Labels - Spin Records\". Milesago.com. Retrieved 28 October 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.milesago.com/industry/spin.htm","url_text":"\"MILESAGO - Record Labels - Spin Records\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/a-long-way-to-the-bottom-20051110-gdmeu1.html","external_links_name":"\"A long way to the bottom\""},{"Link":"https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20090314203800/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/35967/20090315-0738/www.milesago.com/Industry/festival.html","external_links_name":"\"Festival Records\""},{"Link":"http://www.milesago.com/Industry/festival.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.ilikeyouroldstuff.com/news/great-australian-record-label-infinity-records","external_links_name":"\"Infinity history\""},{"Link":"https://australian-charts.com/forum.asp?id=24592&todo=viewthread","external_links_name":"\"Forum - One Hit Wonders (General: Music/Charts related)\""},{"Link":"http://www.answers.com/topic/sister-janet-mead","external_links_name":"\"Janet Mead article\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070928095031/http://www.hardrushmusic.com/sister_janet_mead.html","external_links_name":"\"Janet Mead profile on Hardrush\""},{"Link":"http://www.hardrushmusic.com/sister_janet_mead.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090420003349/http://www.hardrushmusic.com/HRDM0020.html","external_links_name":"\"Australian Gospel Music Awards\""},{"Link":"http://www.hardrushmusic.com/HRDM0020.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4381323-1.html","external_links_name":"\"Warner Bros. Records Buys Aussie Teen Pop Record label FMR\""},{"Link":"http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4382218-1.html","external_links_name":"\"Australia's Mushroom Music Buys Festival Pub\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20000824144454/http://www.festivalrecords.com.au/labels/index.html","external_links_name":"\"Festival Records : Local And International Labels\""},{"Link":"http://www.festivalrecords.com.au/labels/index.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.milesago.com/industry/spin.htm","external_links_name":"\"MILESAGO - Record Labels - Spin Records\""},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/label/85df3f99-9072-44d5-a53a-0f1b41f5b57b","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz label"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/label/4cf5c1c3-d6ce-4a28-9f90-e5da8ef393a8","external_links_name":"2"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peelwood_Creek
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Peelwood Creek
|
["1 Course and features","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
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Coordinates: 34°2′6″S 149°21′52″E / 34.03500°S 149.36444°E / -34.03500; 149.36444River in Australia
PeelwoodKangaloolahLocation of the Peelwood Creek mouth in New South WalesLocationCountryAustraliaStateNew South WalesRegionSouth Western Slopes (IBRA), South West SlopesLGAUpper LachlanPhysical characteristicsSourceGreat Dividing Range • locationnorth of Binda • coordinates34°14′12″S 149°24′20″E / 34.23667°S 149.40556°E / -34.23667; 149.40556 • elevation843 m (2,766 ft)
MouthTuena Creek • locationeast of Bigga and south of Tuena • coordinates34°2′6″S 149°21′52″E / 34.03500°S 149.36444°E / -34.03500; 149.36444 • elevation497 m (1,631 ft)Length33 km (21 mi)Basin featuresRiver systemLachlan sub–catchment,Murray–Darling basin
The Peelwood Creek, a watercourse that is part of the Lachlan sub-catchment of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Peelwood Creek (technically a river) rises in remote country north of Binda and Crookwell, sourced by runoff from the Great Dividing Range. The creek flows generally north, then northeast, then northwest by west, before reaching its confluence with the Tuena Creek, itself a tributary of the Lachlan River, east of Bigga, south of Tuena, and southeast of Woodstock. The creek descends 346 metres (1,135 ft) over its 33-kilometre (21 mi) course.
See also
New South Wales portalEnvironment portalWater portal
List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
Rivers of New South Wales
References
^ a b c "Peelwood Creek". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
^ a b "Map of Peelwood Creek, NSW". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
^ "Our partners: local government". Lachlan Catchment Management Authority. Government of New South Wales. 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
External links
"Lachlan River catchment" (map). Office of Environment and Heritage. Government of New South Wales.
Trueman, Will (2012). True Tales of the Trout Cod: River Histories of the Murray–Darling Basin (Lachlan River catchment booklet) (PDF). Canberra: Murray–Darling Basin Authority. ISBN 978-1-921914-98-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2014.
vteRivers of the Murrumbidgee River catchment, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, AustraliaMurrumbidgeecatchment
Big Badja
Billabong (Junee)
Bredbo
Cotter (ACT)
Goobarragandra
Goodradigbee
Goorudee
Gudgenby (ACT)
Kybeyan
Lachlan
Molonglo (NSW/ACT)
Murrumbidgee (NSW/ACT)
Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area
Naas (ACT)
Numeralla
Orroral (ACT)
Paddys (ACT)
Peak
Queanbeyan (NSW/ACT)
Strike-a-Light
Tidbinbilla (ACT)
Tumut
Yarrangobilly
Yass
Adelong
Adjungbilly
Balgalal
Barmedman
Berthong
Blakney
Bland
Bowning
Bulla
Burkes
Burra (Palerang)
Cooks Vale
Cooma Back
Cooma
Cowriga
Cullinga
Derringullen
Doubtful
Flyers
Gibraltar (ACT)
Ginninderra (ACT)
Happy Jacks
Jeir
Jerrabomberra (NSW/ACT)
Jugiong
Kindra
Paddys
Pinchgut
Rock Flat
Rocky Ponds
Sugarloaf
Sullivans (NSW/ACT)
Tarcutta
Tuggeranong (ACT)
Tumbarumba
Lachlansub-catchment
Abercrombie
Belubula
Bolong
Boorowa
Crookwell
Isabella
Phils
Retreat
Cadiangullong
Goobang
Gunningbland
Jerrara
Jerrawa
Mirrool
Peelwood
Pudman
Sandy (Mirrool)
Category
vteRiver systems and rivers of New South Wales, AustraliaRivers flowing towards the Coral and Tasman seas of the South Pacific OceanRivers of the Northern Rivers catchment
Aberfoyle
Apsley
Back
Barcoongere
Bellinger
Beaury
Bielsdown
Blicks
Blue Mountain
Bobo
Boonoo Boonoo
Boundary (Glen Fernaigh)
Boundary (Nymboida)
Boyd
Brunswick
Byrrill
Camden Haven
Cataract
Chandler
Chandlers
Christmas
Clarence
Clouds
Coldstream
Commissioners Waters
Coopers
Corindi
Doyles
Dyke
Eden
Ellenborough
Esk
Evans
Forbes
Gara
Georges
Glen Fernaigh
Guy Fawkes
Hastings
Henry
Kalang
Kangaroo
Kunderang
Leycester
Little Murray
Little Nymboida
Macleay
Mann
Maria
Maryland
Nambucca
Never Never
Nowlands
Nymboida
Oaky
Oban
Orara
Oxley
Pappinbarra
Pipers
Ralfes
Richmond
Rosewood
Rous
Sandon
Sandy
Sara
Shannon
Stewarts
Styx
Taylors Arm
Thone
Tia
Timbarra
Tobins
Tooloom
Towallum
Tweed
Urumbilum
Warnes
Wilson
Wilsons
Wollomombi
Wooli Wooli
Yarrow
Yarrowitch
Rivers of the Hunter-Central Rivers catchment
Allyn
Avon
Back
Baerami
Barigan
Barnard
Barrington
Blackwater
Bobin
Bow
Bowman
Burns
Bylong
Caparra
Cattle Creek
Cedar
Cedar Party
Cells
Chichester
Cobark
Congewai
Connollys
Cooba Bulga
Coolongolook
Cooplacurripa
Crawford
Curricabark
Dawson
Dilgry
Dingo
Gloucester
Goulburn
Growee
Hunter
Isis
Karuah
Kerripit
Krui
Lansdowne
Mammy Johnsons
Manning
Merriwa
Moonan
Moppy
Mummel
Munmurra
Myall
Nowendoc
Pages Creek
Pages River
Paterson
Pigna Barney
Rouchel
Rowleys
Stewarts
Telegherry
The Branch
Walcrow
Wallamba
Wallingat
Wangat
Wang Wauk
Wards
Widden
Williams
Wollombi
Worondi
Rivers of the Sydney Basin
Avoca Lake
Avon
Bargo
Bedford
Budgewoi Lake
Burke
Capertee
Cataract
Colo
Cooks
Coorongooba
Cordeaux
Coxs
Duck
Du Faur
Erskine
Georges
Grose
Hacking
Hawkesbury
Hollanders
Jenolan
Jooriland
Kanangra
Kedumba
Kowmung
Lake Macquarie
Lake Munmorah
Lane Cove
Little (Oberon)
Little (Wingecarribee)
Little (Wollondilly)
Macdonald
Mangrove
Mogo
Mooney Mooney
Mulwaree
Nattai
Nepean
Ourimbah
Paddys
Parramatta
Pittwater
River Lett
Rush
Tarlo
Terrigal Lagoon
Tonalli
Tuggerah Lake
Tuglow
Wamberal Lagoon
Warragamba
Webbs
Wingecarribee
Wolgan
Wollangambe
Wollemi
Wollondilly
Woronora
Wyong
Rivers of the Southern Rivers catchment
Araluen
Back
Bega
Bemboka
Bendoc
Bermagui
Berrima
Bettowynd
Bimberamala
Bombala
Brogo
Buckenbowra
Burrungubugge
Clyde
Coolumbooka
Corang
Delegate
Deua
Endrick
Eucumbene
Genoa
Goobarragandra
Gungarlin
Imlay
Ingeegoodbee
Jacobs
Jerrabattgulla
Kangaroo
Lake Illawarra
Little Plains
Little Thredbo
Maclaughlin
Merimbula Lake
Merrica
Minnamurra
Mongarlowe
Moruya
Mowamba
Murrah
Nadgee
Nullica
Nunnock
Pambula
Pinch
Port Kembla
Queensborough
Queens Pound
Shoalhaven
Snowy
St Georges Basin
Thredbo
Tomaga
Towamba
Tuross
Twofold Bay
Undowah
Wadbilliga
Wallagaraugh
White Rock
Wog Wog
Wonboyn
Yadboro
Yowaka
Yowrie
Rivers of the Murray–Darling basinMurray catchment
Billabong
Edward
Jerra Jerra
Little Murray
Murray
Niemur
Rufus
Tooma
Wakool
Darlingcatchment
Bogan
Culgoa
Darling
Little (Parkes)
Barwon / Macintyre / Macquariesub-catchments
Abington
Bakers
Barwon
Beardy
Bell
Bluff
Bokhara (QLD/NSW)
Boomi
Bundock
Campbells
Carole
Castlereagh
Cheshire
Cobrabald
Cockburn
Coolaburragundy
Coolibah Watercourse
Crudine
Cudgegong
Deepwater
Duckmaloi
Dumaresq
Dungowan
Emu Swamp
Ewenmar
Evans Plains
Fish
Frazers
Gwydir
Halls
Horsearm
Horton
Little Weir
Little (Dubbo)
Macdonald
Macintyre (QLD/NSW)
Macquarie
Manilla
Mehi
Meroo
Mole
Mooki
Moonie
Namoi
Narran
Peel
Queen Charlottes
Quegobla
Quirindi
Reedy
Rocky
Sandy (Cobar)
Sandy (Tamworth)
Severn (NSW)
Sewells
Summer Hill
Talbragar
Turon
Murrumbidgeecatchment
Adelong
Adjungbilly
Balgalal
Barmedman
Berthong
Big Badja
Billabong (Junee)
Blakney
Bland
Bowning
Bredbo
Bulla
Burkes
Burra (Palerang)
Burra (Gundagai)
Cooks Vale
Cooma
Cooma Back
Cowriga
Cullinga
Derringullen
Flyers
Goobarragandra
Goodradigbee
Goorudee
Happy Jacks
Jeir
Jugiong
Kindra
Kybeyan
Lachlan
Molonglo (NSW/ACT)
Murrumbidgee (NSW/ACT)
MIA
Numeralla
Peak
Pinchgut
Queanbeyan (NSW/ACT)
Rock Flat
Rocky Ponds
Sandy (Mirrool)
Strike-a-Light
Tarcutta
Tumut
Yarrangobilly
Yass
Lachlansub-catchment
Abercrombie
Belubula
Bolong
Boorowa
Cadiangullong
Crookwell
Goobang
Gunningbland
Isabella
Jerrara
Jerrawa
Mirrool
Peelwood
Phils
Pudman
Retreat
Category
This New South Wales river or creek related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monier_Williams
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Monier Monier-Williams
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["1 Early life","2 Career","3 Writings and foundations","4 Honours","5 Published works","5.1 Translations","5.2 Original works","6 Notes","7 References","8 External links"]
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British professor of Sanskrit (1819–1899)
SirMonier Monier-WilliamsKCIEPhoto of Monier Monier-Williams by Lewis CarrollBornMonier Williams(1819-11-12)12 November 1819Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British IndiaDied11 April 1899(1899-04-11) (aged 79)Cannes, FranceEducationKing's College School, Balliol College, Oxford; East India Company College; University College, OxfordKnown forBoden Professor of Sanskrit;Sanskrit–English dictionaryAwardsKnight Bachelor;Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Sir Monier Monier-Williams KCIE (/ˈmɒniər/; né Williams; 12 November 1819 – 11 April 1899) was a British scholar who was the second Boden Professor of Sanskrit at Oxford University, England. He studied, documented and taught Asian languages, especially Sanskrit, Persian and Hindustani.
Early life
Monier Williams was born in Bombay, the son of Colonel Monier Williams, surveyor-general in the Bombay presidency. His surname was "Williams" until 1887, when he added his given name to his surname to create the hyphenated "Monier-Williams". In 1822, he was sent to England to be educated at private schools at Hove, Chelsea and Finchley. He was educated at King's College School, Balliol College, Oxford (1838–40), the East India Company College (1840–41) and University College, Oxford (1841–44). He took a fourth-class honours degree in Literae Humaniores in 1844.
He married Julia Grantham in 1848. They had six sons and one daughter. He died, aged 79, in Cannes, France.
In 1874 he bought and lived in Enfield House, Ventnor, on the Isle of Wight where he and his family lived until at least 1881. (The 1881 census records the occupant was 61-year-old Professor Monier Monier-Williams; his wife, Julia; and two children, Montague (20) and Ella (22).)
Career
Monier Williams taught Asian languages at the East India Company College from 1844 until 1858 when company rule in India ended after the 1857 rebellion. He came to national prominence during the 1860 election campaign for the Boden Chair of Sanskrit at Oxford University, in which he stood against Max Müller.
The vacancy followed the death of Horace Hayman Wilson in 1860. Wilson had started the university's collection of Sanskrit manuscripts upon taking the chair in 1831, and had indicated his preference that Williams should be his successor. The campaign was notoriously acrimonious. Müller was known for his liberal religious views and his philosophical speculations based on his reading of Vedic literature. Monier Williams was seen as a less brilliant scholar, but had a detailed practical knowledge of India itself, and of actual religious practices in modern Hinduism. Müller, in contrast, had never visited India.
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Monier Williams's submission for the Boden Professorship election
Both candidates had to emphasise their support for Christian evangelisation in India, since that was the basis on which the professorship had been funded by its founder. Monier Williams' dedication to Christianisation was not doubted, unlike Müller's. Monier Williams also stated that his aims were practical rather than speculative. "Englishmen are too practical to study a language very philosophically", he wrote.
After his appointment to the professorship Williams declared from the outset that the conversion of India to the Christian religion should be one of the aims of orientalist scholarship. In his book Hinduism, published by SPCK in 1877, he predicted the demise of the Hindu religion and called for Christian evangelism to ward off the spread of Islam. According to Saurabh Dube this work is "widely credited to have introduced the term Hinduism into general English usage" while David N. Lorenzen cites the book along with India, and India Missions: Including Sketches of the Gigantic System of Hinduism, Both in Theory and Practice : Also Notices of Some of the Principal Agencies Employed in Conducting the Process of Indian Evangelization
Writings and foundations
Bookplate
When Monier Williams founded the University's Indian Institute in 1883, it provided both an academic focus and also a training ground for the Indian Civil Service. Since the early 1870s Monier Williams planned this institution. His vision was the better acquaintance of England and India. On this account he supported academic research into Indian culture. Monier Williams travelled to India in 1875, 1876 and 1883 to finance his project by fundraising. He gained the support of Indian native princes. In 1883 the Prince of Wales laid the foundation stone; the building was inaugurated in 1896 by Lord George Hamilton. The Institute closed on Indian independence in 1947.
In his writings on Hinduism Monier Williams argued that the Advaita Vedanta system best represented the Vedic ideal and was the "highest way to salvation" in Hinduism. He considered the more popular traditions of karma and bhakti to be of lesser spiritual value. However, he argued that Hinduism is a complex "huge polygon or irregular multilateral figure" that was unified by Sanskrit literature. He stated that "no description of Hinduism can be exhaustive which does not touch on almost every religious and philosophical idea that the world has ever known."
Monier-Williams compiled a Sanskrit–English dictionary, based on the earlier Petersburg Sanskrit Dictionary, which was published in 1872. A later revised edition was published in 1899 with collaboration by Ernst Leumann and Carl Cappeller (sv).
Honours
He was knighted in 1876, and was made KCIE in 1887, when he adopted his given name of Monier as an additional surname. He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1886.
He also received the following academic honours: Honorary DCL, Oxford, 1875; LLD, Calcutta, 1876; Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, 1880; Honorary PhD, Göttingen, 1880s; Vice-President, Royal Asiatic Society, 1890; Honorary Fellow of University College, Oxford, 1892.
Published works
Translations
Monier-Williams's translations include that of Kālidāsa's plays Vikramorvasi (1849) and Śākuntala (1853; 2nd ed. 1876).
Translation of Shakuntala (1853)
Hindu Literature: comprising the Book of Good Counsels, Nala and Damayanti, the Rámáyana and Śakoontalá
Original works
Picture with devanagari conjuncts from An Elementary Grammar of the Sanscrit Language, page 25, Monier Monier-Williams (1846).
An Elementary Grammar of the Sanscrit Language: Partly in the Roman Character, Arranged According to a New Theory, in Reference Especially to the Classical Languages; with Short Extracts in Easy Prose. To which is Added, a Selection from the Institutes of Manu, with Copious References to the Grammar, and an English Translation. W. H. Allen & Company. 1846.
Original papers illustrating the history of the application of the Roman alphabet to the languages of India: Edited by Monier Williams (1859) Modern Reprint
Indian Wisdom, Or, Examples of the Religious, Philosophical, and Ethical Doctrines of the Hindūs. London: Oxford. 1875.
Hinduism. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 1877.
Modern India and the Indians: Being a Series of Impressions, Notes, and Essays. Trübner and Company. 1878.
Translation of Shikshapatri – The manuscript of the principal scripture Sir John Malcolm received from Swaminarayan on 26 February 1830 when he was serving as the Governor of Bombay Presidency, Imperial India. Currently preserved at Bodleian Library.
Brahmanism and Hinduism (1883)
Buddhism, in its connexion with Brahmanism and Hinduism, and in its contrast with Christianity (1889)
Sanskrit-English Dictionary, ISBN 0-19-864308-X.
A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European languages, Monier Monier-Williams, revised by E. Leumann, C. Cappeller, et al. 1899, Clarendon Press, Oxford
A Practical Grammar of the Sanskrit Language, Arranged with Reference to the Classical Languages of Europe, for the Use of English Students, Oxford: Clarendon, 1857, enlarged and improved Fourth Edition 1887
Notes
^ Oxford University Calendar 1895, Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1895, p.131.
^ a b c Macdonell 1901.
^ Memorials of old Haileybury College. A. Constable and Company. 1894.
^ "Review of Memorials of Old Haileybury College by Sir Monier Monier-Williams and other Contributors". The Quarterly Review. 179: 224–243. July 1894.
^ a b Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Scholar Extraordinary, The Life of Professor the Right Honourable Friedrich Max Muller, P.C., Chatto and Windus, 1974, pp. 221–231.
^ a b c d Terence Thomas, The British: their religious beliefs and practices, 1800–1986, Routledge, 1988, pp. 85–88.
^ Saurabh Dube (1998). Untouchable Pasts: Religion, Identity, and Power among a Central Indian Community, 1780–1950. SUNY Press. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-7914-3687-5.
^ Alexander Duff (1839). India, and India Missions: Including Sketches of the Gigantic System of Hinduism, Both in Theory and Practice : Also Notices of Some of the Principal Agencies Employed in Conducting the Process of Indian Evangelization, &c. &c. J. Johnstone. for popularising of the term.
^ David N. Lorenzen (2006). Who Invented Hinduism: Essays on Religion in History. Yoda Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-81-902272-6-1.
^ Kamalakaran, Ajay (12 April 2014). "St Petersburg's illustrious Sanskrit connections". www.rbth.com. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
^ Bloomfield, Maurice (1900). "A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages by Monier Monier-Williams; E. Leumann; C. Cappeller". The American Journal of Philology. 21 (3): 323–327. doi:10.2307/287725. hdl:2027/mdp.39015016641824. JSTOR 287725.
^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
^ Schuyler, Jr., Montgomery (1902). "Bibliography of Kālidāsa's Mālavikāgnimitra and Vikramorvaçī". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 23: 93–101. doi:10.2307/592384. JSTOR 592384.
^ Schuyler, Jr., Montgomery (1901). "The Editions and Translations of Çakuntalā". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 22: 237–248. doi:10.2307/592432. JSTOR 592432.
^ "Buddhism in Its Connexion with Brahmanism and Hinduism and in Its Contrast with Christianity". The Old Testament Student. 8 (10): 389–390. June 1889. doi:10.1086/470215. JSTOR 3156561.
References
Katz, J. B. (2004). "Williams, Sir Monier Monier-". In Katz, J. B (ed.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (October 2007 ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18955. Retrieved 31 January 2013. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Attribution
Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (1901). "Monier-Williams, Monier" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 186–187.
External links
Monier Monier-Williams at Wikipedia's sister projects
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vteBoden Professors of Sanskrit
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Monier Monier-Williams (1860)
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"KCIE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Indian_Empire"},{"link_name":"/ˈmɒniər/","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English"},{"link_name":"né","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"Boden Professor of Sanskrit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boden_Professor_of_Sanskrit"},{"link_name":"Oxford University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxford"},{"link_name":"Asian languages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Asia"},{"link_name":"Sanskrit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit"},{"link_name":"Persian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language"},{"link_name":"Hindustani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_language"}],"text":"Sir Monier Monier-Williams KCIE (/ˈmɒniər/; né Williams; 12 November 1819 – 11 April 1899) was a British scholar who was the second Boden Professor of Sanskrit at Oxford University, England. He studied, documented and taught Asian languages, especially Sanskrit, Persian and Hindustani.","title":"Monier Monier-Williams"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bombay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombai"},{"link_name":"surveyor-general","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveyor_general"},{"link_name":"Bombay presidency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_presidency"},{"link_name":"King's College School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_College_School"},{"link_name":"Balliol College, Oxford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford"},{"link_name":"East India Company College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company_College"},{"link_name":"University College, Oxford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_College,_Oxford"},{"link_name":"Literae Humaniores","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literae_Humaniores"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Cannes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannes"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901-2"},{"link_name":"Ventnor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventnor"},{"link_name":"Isle of Wight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Wight"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Monier Williams was born in Bombay, the son of Colonel Monier Williams, surveyor-general in the Bombay presidency. His surname was \"Williams\" until 1887, when he added his given name to his surname to create the hyphenated \"Monier-Williams\". In 1822, he was sent to England to be educated at private schools at Hove, Chelsea and Finchley. He was educated at King's College School, Balliol College, Oxford (1838–40), the East India Company College (1840–41) and University College, Oxford (1841–44). He took a fourth-class honours degree in Literae Humaniores in 1844.[1]He married Julia Grantham in 1848. They had six sons and one daughter. He died, aged 79, in Cannes, France.[2]In 1874 he bought and lived in Enfield House, Ventnor, on the Isle of Wight where he and his family lived until at least 1881. (The 1881 census records the occupant was 61-year-old Professor Monier Monier-Williams; his wife, Julia; and two children, Montague (20) and Ella (22).)[citation needed]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"East India Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"company rule in India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_rule_in_India"},{"link_name":"1857 rebellion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857"},{"link_name":"1860 election campaign","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boden_Professor_of_Sanskrit_election,_1860"},{"link_name":"Boden Chair of Sanskrit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boden_Professor_of_Sanskrit"},{"link_name":"Oxford University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University"},{"link_name":"Max Müller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_M%C3%BCller"},{"link_name":"Horace Hayman Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Hayman_Wilson"},{"link_name":"Sanskrit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nirad-5"},{"link_name":"Wikisource","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikisource"},{"link_name":"Monier Williams's submission for the Boden Professorship election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/Monier_Williams%27s_submission_to_the_members_of_Convocation_of_the_University_of_Oxford,_1860"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tom-6"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nirad-5"},{"link_name":"orientalist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientalism"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tom-6"},{"link_name":"SPCK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Promoting_Christian_Knowledge"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tom-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dube1998-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lorenzen2006-9"}],"text":"Monier Williams taught Asian languages at the East India Company College from 1844 until 1858[3][4] when company rule in India ended after the 1857 rebellion. He came to national prominence during the 1860 election campaign for the Boden Chair of Sanskrit at Oxford University, in which he stood against Max Müller.The vacancy followed the death of Horace Hayman Wilson in 1860. Wilson had started the university's collection of Sanskrit manuscripts upon taking the chair in 1831, and had indicated his preference that Williams should be his successor. The campaign was notoriously acrimonious. Müller was known for his liberal religious views and his philosophical speculations based on his reading of Vedic literature. Monier Williams was seen as a less brilliant scholar, but had a detailed practical knowledge of India itself, and of actual religious practices in modern Hinduism. Müller, in contrast, had never visited India.[5]Wikisource has original text related to this article:\nMonier Williams's submission for the Boden Professorship electionBoth candidates had to emphasise their support for Christian evangelisation in India, since that was the basis on which the professorship had been funded by its founder. Monier Williams' dedication to Christianisation was not doubted, unlike Müller's.[6] Monier Williams also stated that his aims were practical rather than speculative. \"Englishmen are too practical to study a language very philosophically\", he wrote.[5]After his appointment to the professorship Williams declared from the outset that the conversion of India to the Christian religion should be one of the aims of orientalist scholarship.[6] In his book Hinduism, published by SPCK in 1877, he predicted the demise of the Hindu religion and called for Christian evangelism to ward off the spread of Islam.[6] According to Saurabh Dube this work is \"widely credited to have introduced the term Hinduism into general English usage\"[7] while David N. Lorenzen cites the book along with India, and India Missions: Including Sketches of the Gigantic System of Hinduism, Both in Theory and Practice : Also Notices of Some of the Principal Agencies Employed in Conducting the Process of Indian Evangelization[8][9]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ExLibrisMonierWilliams.jpg"},{"link_name":"Indian Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Institute"},{"link_name":"Indian Civil Service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Civil_Service"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901-2"},{"link_name":"Indian culture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_culture"},{"link_name":"Indian native princes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princely_state"},{"link_name":"Prince of Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VII"},{"link_name":"Lord George Hamilton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_George_Hamilton"},{"link_name":"Indian independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_India"},{"link_name":"Advaita Vedanta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta"},{"link_name":"karma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma"},{"link_name":"bhakti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhakti"},{"link_name":"Sanskrit literature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_literature"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tom-6"},{"link_name":"Sanskrit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit"},{"link_name":"Petersburg Sanskrit Dictionary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_B%C3%B6htlingk#Scholarship"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Ernst Leumann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Leumann"},{"link_name":"sv","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Cappeller"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bloomfield1900-11"}],"text":"BookplateWhen Monier Williams founded the University's Indian Institute in 1883, it provided both an academic focus and also a training ground for the Indian Civil Service.[2] Since the early 1870s Monier Williams planned this institution. His vision was the better acquaintance of England and India. On this account he supported academic research into Indian culture. Monier Williams travelled to India in 1875, 1876 and 1883 to finance his project by fundraising. He gained the support of Indian native princes. In 1883 the Prince of Wales laid the foundation stone; the building was inaugurated in 1896 by Lord George Hamilton. The Institute closed on Indian independence in 1947.In his writings on Hinduism Monier Williams argued that the Advaita Vedanta system best represented the Vedic ideal and was the \"highest way to salvation\" in Hinduism. He considered the more popular traditions of karma and bhakti to be of lesser spiritual value. However, he argued that Hinduism is a complex \"huge polygon or irregular multilateral figure\" that was unified by Sanskrit literature. He stated that \"no description of Hinduism can be exhaustive which does not touch on almost every religious and philosophical idea that the world has ever known.\"[6]Monier-Williams compiled a Sanskrit–English dictionary, based on the earlier Petersburg Sanskrit Dictionary,[10] which was published in 1872. A later revised edition was published in 1899 with collaboration by Ernst Leumann and Carl Cappeller (sv).[11]","title":"Writings and foundations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"knighted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_Bachelor"},{"link_name":"KCIE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Indian_Empire"},{"link_name":"American Philosophical Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Calcutta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_University_of_Calcutta_honorary_degree_recipients"},{"link_name":"Royal Asiatic Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Asiatic_Society"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901-2"}],"text":"He was knighted in 1876, and was made KCIE in 1887, when he adopted his given name of Monier as an additional surname. He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1886.[12]He also received the following academic honours: Honorary DCL, Oxford, 1875; LLD, Calcutta, 1876; Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, 1880; Honorary PhD, Göttingen, 1880s; Vice-President, Royal Asiatic Society, 1890; Honorary Fellow of University College, Oxford, 1892.[2]","title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Published works"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kālidāsa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81lid%C4%81sa"},{"link_name":"Vikramorvasi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikram%C5%8Drva%C5%9B%C4%AByam"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Śākuntala","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81na%C5%9B%C4%81kuntalam"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Shakuntala","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakuntala"},{"link_name":"(1853)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12169"}],"sub_title":"Translations","text":"Monier-Williams's translations include that of Kālidāsa's plays Vikramorvasi (1849)[13] and Śākuntala (1853; 2nd ed. 1876).[14]Translation of Shakuntala (1853)\nHindu Literature: comprising the Book of Good Counsels, Nala and Damayanti, the Rámáyana and Śakoontalá","title":"Published works"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Devanagari_ligatures_Monier-Williams_1846.png"},{"link_name":"devanagari conjuncts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari#Conjunct_consonants"},{"link_name":"An Elementary Grammar of the Sanscrit Language: Partly in the Roman Character, Arranged According to a New Theory, in Reference Especially to the Classical Languages; with Short Extracts in Easy Prose. To which is Added, a Selection from the Institutes of Manu, with Copious References to the Grammar, and an English Translation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/anelementarygra00wilgoog"},{"link_name":"Original papers illustrating the history of the application of the Roman alphabet to the languages of India: Edited by Monier Williams (1859)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=FyRFAAAAcAAJ"},{"link_name":"Modern Reprint","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=NIeyt2Tqzw0C"},{"link_name":"Indian Wisdom, Or, Examples of the Religious, Philosophical, and Ethical Doctrines of the Hindūs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=co7Mkn2SUQ8C"},{"link_name":"Hinduism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/hinduism00wilgoog"},{"link_name":"Modern India and the Indians: Being a Series of Impressions, Notes, and Essays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/modernindiaandi01monigoog"},{"link_name":"Shikshapatri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shikshapatri"},{"link_name":"Sir John Malcolm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_John_Malcolm"},{"link_name":"Swaminarayan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaminarayan"},{"link_name":"Governor of Bombay Presidency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Bombay_Presidency"},{"link_name":"Imperial India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj"},{"link_name":"Bodleian Library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodleian_Library"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-19-864308-X","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-864308-X"},{"link_name":"A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European languages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/index.html"},{"link_name":"Clarendon Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarendon_Press"}],"sub_title":"Original works","text":"Picture with devanagari conjuncts from An Elementary Grammar of the Sanscrit Language, page 25, Monier Monier-Williams (1846).An Elementary Grammar of the Sanscrit Language: Partly in the Roman Character, Arranged According to a New Theory, in Reference Especially to the Classical Languages; with Short Extracts in Easy Prose. To which is Added, a Selection from the Institutes of Manu, with Copious References to the Grammar, and an English Translation. W. H. Allen & Company. 1846.\nOriginal papers illustrating the history of the application of the Roman alphabet to the languages of India: Edited by Monier Williams (1859) Modern Reprint\nIndian Wisdom, Or, Examples of the Religious, Philosophical, and Ethical Doctrines of the Hindūs. London: Oxford. 1875.\nHinduism. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 1877.\nModern India and the Indians: Being a Series of Impressions, Notes, and Essays. Trübner and Company. 1878.\nTranslation of Shikshapatri – The manuscript of the principal scripture Sir John Malcolm received from Swaminarayan on 26 February 1830 when he was serving as the Governor of Bombay Presidency, Imperial India. Currently preserved at Bodleian Library.\nBrahmanism and Hinduism (1883)\nBuddhism, in its connexion with Brahmanism and Hinduism, and in its contrast with Christianity (1889)[15]\nSanskrit-English Dictionary, ISBN 0-19-864308-X.\nA Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European languages, Monier Monier-Williams, revised by E. Leumann, C. Cappeller, et al. 1899, Clarendon Press, Oxford\nA Practical Grammar of the Sanskrit Language, Arranged with Reference to the Classical Languages of Europe, for the Use of English Students, Oxford: Clarendon, 1857, enlarged and improved Fourth Edition 1887","title":"Published works"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901_2-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901_2-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901_2-2"},{"link_name":"Macdonell 1901","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFMacdonell1901"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"Memorials of old Haileybury College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007913124"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-4"},{"link_name":"\"Review of Memorials of Old Haileybury College by Sir Monier Monier-Williams and other Contributors\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065563573;view=1up;seq=234"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-nirad_5-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-nirad_5-1"},{"link_name":"Nirad C. Chaudhuri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirad_C._Chaudhuri"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-tom_6-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-tom_6-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-tom_6-2"},{"link_name":"d","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-tom_6-3"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Dube1998_7-0"},{"link_name":"Untouchable Pasts: Religion, Identity, and Power among a Central Indian Community, 1780–1950","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=_fYPCm1EJeAC&pg=PA232"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-7914-3687-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3687-5"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-8"},{"link_name":"India, and India Missions: Including Sketches of the Gigantic System of Hinduism, Both in Theory and Practice : Also Notices of Some of the Principal Agencies Employed in Conducting the Process of Indian Evangelization, &c. &c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.219394"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Lorenzen2006_9-0"},{"link_name":"Who Invented Hinduism: Essays on Religion in History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=SO-YmMWpcVEC&pg=PA4"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-81-902272-6-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-902272-6-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-10"},{"link_name":"\"St Petersburg's illustrious Sanskrit connections\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.rbth.com/blogs/2014/04/12/st_petersburgs_illustrious_sanskrit_connections_34481"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Bloomfield1900_11-0"},{"link_name":"Bloomfield, Maurice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Bloomfield"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.2307/287725","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.2307%2F287725"},{"link_name":"hdl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"2027/mdp.39015016641824","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015016641824"},{"link_name":"JSTOR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"287725","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.jstor.org/stable/287725"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-12"},{"link_name":"\"APS Member History\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?year=1886;smode=advanced;startDoc=41"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-13"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.2307/592384","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.2307%2F592384"},{"link_name":"JSTOR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"592384","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.jstor.org/stable/592384"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-14"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.2307/592432","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.2307%2F592432"},{"link_name":"JSTOR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"592432","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.jstor.org/stable/592432"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-15"},{"link_name":"\"Buddhism in Its Connexion with Brahmanism and Hinduism and in Its Contrast with Christianity\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1086%2F470215"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1086/470215","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1086%2F470215"},{"link_name":"JSTOR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"3156561","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.jstor.org/stable/3156561"}],"text":"^ Oxford University Calendar 1895, Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1895, p.131.\n\n^ a b c Macdonell 1901.\n\n^ Memorials of old Haileybury College. A. Constable and Company. 1894.\n\n^ \"Review of Memorials of Old Haileybury College by Sir Monier Monier-Williams and other Contributors\". The Quarterly Review. 179: 224–243. July 1894.\n\n^ a b Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Scholar Extraordinary, The Life of Professor the Right Honourable Friedrich Max Muller, P.C., Chatto and Windus, 1974, pp. 221–231.\n\n^ a b c d Terence Thomas, The British: their religious beliefs and practices, 1800–1986, Routledge, 1988, pp. 85–88.\n\n^ Saurabh Dube (1998). Untouchable Pasts: Religion, Identity, and Power among a Central Indian Community, 1780–1950. SUNY Press. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-7914-3687-5.\n\n^ Alexander Duff (1839). India, and India Missions: Including Sketches of the Gigantic System of Hinduism, Both in Theory and Practice : Also Notices of Some of the Principal Agencies Employed in Conducting the Process of Indian Evangelization, &c. &c. J. Johnstone. for popularising of the term.\n\n^ David N. Lorenzen (2006). Who Invented Hinduism: Essays on Religion in History. Yoda Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-81-902272-6-1.\n\n^ Kamalakaran, Ajay (12 April 2014). \"St Petersburg's illustrious Sanskrit connections\". www.rbth.com. Retrieved 23 October 2020.\n\n^ Bloomfield, Maurice (1900). \"A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages by Monier Monier-Williams; E. Leumann; C. Cappeller\". The American Journal of Philology. 21 (3): 323–327. doi:10.2307/287725. hdl:2027/mdp.39015016641824. JSTOR 287725.\n\n^ \"APS Member History\". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 24 May 2021.\n\n^ Schuyler, Jr., Montgomery (1902). \"Bibliography of Kālidāsa's Mālavikāgnimitra and Vikramorvaçī\". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 23: 93–101. doi:10.2307/592384. JSTOR 592384.\n\n^ Schuyler, Jr., Montgomery (1901). \"The Editions and Translations of Çakuntalā\". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 22: 237–248. doi:10.2307/592432. JSTOR 592432.\n\n^ \"Buddhism in Its Connexion with Brahmanism and Hinduism and in Its Contrast with Christianity\". The Old Testament Student. 8 (10): 389–390. June 1889. doi:10.1086/470215. JSTOR 3156561.","title":"Notes"}]
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[{"image_text":"Bookplate","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/ExLibrisMonierWilliams.jpg/220px-ExLibrisMonierWilliams.jpg"},{"image_text":"Picture with devanagari conjuncts from An Elementary Grammar of the Sanscrit Language, page 25, Monier Monier-Williams (1846).","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Devanagari_ligatures_Monier-Williams_1846.png/300px-Devanagari_ligatures_Monier-Williams_1846.png"}]
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(2004). \"Williams, Sir Monier Monier-\". In Katz, J. B (ed.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (October 2007 ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18955. Retrieved 31 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18955","url_text":"\"Williams, Sir Monier Monier-\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F18955","url_text":"10.1093/ref:odnb/18955"}]},{"reference":"Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (1901). \"Monier-Williams, Monier\" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 186–187.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1901_supplement/Monier-Williams,_Monier","url_text":"\"Monier-Williams, Monier\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Lee","url_text":"Lee, Sidney"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Dictionary of National Biography"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgat
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Crozon
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["1 Tourism","2 Population","3 Breton language","4 International relations","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"]
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Coordinates: 48°14′45″N 4°29′15″W / 48.2458°N 4.4875°W / 48.2458; -4.4875
Commune in Brittany, FranceCrozon
KraozonCommuneThe church of Saint-Pierre, in Crozon
FlagCoat of armsLocation of Crozon
CrozonShow map of FranceCrozonShow map of BrittanyCoordinates: 48°14′45″N 4°29′15″W / 48.2458°N 4.4875°W / 48.2458; -4.4875CountryFranceRegionBrittanyDepartmentFinistèreArrondissementChâteaulinCantonCrozonIntercommunalityPresqu'île de Crozon-Aulne maritimeGovernment • Mayor (2020–2026) Patrick BerthelotArea180.37 km2 (31.03 sq mi)Population (2021)7,321 • Density91/km2 (240/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)INSEE/Postal code29042 /29160Elevation0–102 m (0–335 ft) (avg. 85 m or 279 ft)1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
Crozon (French pronunciation: , ; Breton: Kraozon, , locally ) is a commune in the department of Finistère and the administrative region of Brittany, northwestern France. As well as the town of Crozon, the village of Morgat is part of the commune.
Crozon is located on the Crozon peninsula on the west coast of Finistère. It is bordered by the communes of Camaret-sur-Mer to the west, Roscanvel to the northwest, Lanvéoc to the north, Landévennec to the north-east and Telgruc-sur-Mer to the east. Crozon is the chef-lieu of the arrondissement of Châteaulin. Louis Jouvet, a French actor, was born in Crozon in 1887.
Crozon harbours Île Longue, the base of the French strategic nuclear submarines.
Tourism
In common with many other French towns, Crozon has a number of fêtes and festivals at various times of year. Probably the best known festival held in Crozon is the Festival du Bout du Monde ("World's End Festival"), a live music festival held on the first weekend in August.
Crozon has various shops and a couple of supermarkets for daily needs. There is also a local produce market most mornings in front of the church. A bigger market called 'la Foire' takes place every first Wednesday of the month.
Population
Inhabitants of Crozon are called in French Crozonnais.
Historical populationYearPop.±% p.a.1793 6,200— 1800 6,492+0.66%1806 6,664+0.44%1821 6,393−0.28%1831 8,034+2.31%1836 8,209+0.43%1841 8,858+1.53%1846 8,576−0.64%1851 8,815+0.55%1856 8,489−0.75%1861 8,651+0.38%1866 8,946+0.67%YearPop.±% p.a.1872 8,929−0.03%1876 7,763−3.44%1881 8,223+1.16%1886 8,585+0.87%1891 8,276−0.73%1896 8,340+0.15%1901 8,625+0.67%1906 8,780+0.36%1911 8,323−1.06%1921 7,715−0.76%1926 7,454−0.69%1931 7,206−0.67%YearPop.±% p.a.1936 7,015−0.54%1946 7,712+0.95%1954 7,032−1.15%1962 6,741−0.53%1968 6,895+0.38%1975 7,297+0.81%1982 7,525+0.44%1990 7,705+0.30%1999 7,535−0.25%2007 7,682+0.24%2012 7,692+0.03%2017 7,477−0.57%Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017)
Breton language
In 2008, 4.58% of primary-school children attended bilingual schools, where Breton language is taught alongside French.
International relations
Crozon is twinned with the following places:
Sligo, Ireland
Ulm, Germany
Pralognan-la-Vanoise, France
See also
Communes of the Finistère department
Parc naturel régional d'Armorique
References
^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 9 August 2021.
^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
^ Morgat on patrimoine.region-bretagne.fr
^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Crozon, EHESS (in French).
^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
^ (in French) Ofis ar Brezhoneg: Enseignement bilingue
Site with map and info on Finistère communes
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crozon.
(in French) Commune's website
more than 500 photos of the Crozon Peninsula
(in French) Crozon Cultural Heritage
(in French) Maritime Heritage : Crozon-Morgat's fishing history and boats
vte Communes of the Finistère department
Argol
Arzano
Audierne
Bannalec
Baye
Bénodet
Berrien
Beuzec-Cap-Sizun
Bodilis
Bohars
Bolazec
Botmeur
Botsorhel
Bourg-Blanc
Brasparts
Brélès
Brennilis
Brestsubpr
Briec
Camaret-sur-Mer
Carantec
Carhaix-Plouguer
Cast
Châteaulinsubpr
Châteauneuf-du-Faou
Cléden-Cap-Sizun
Cléden-Poher
Cléder
Clohars-Carnoët
Clohars-Fouesnant
Le Cloître-Pleyben
Le Cloître-Saint-Thégonnec
Coat-Méal
Collorec
Combrit
Commana
Concarneau
Confort-Meilars
Le Conquet
Coray
Crozon
Daoulas
Dinéault
Dirinon
Douarnenez
Le Drennec
Edern
Elliant
Ergué-Gabéric
Le Faou
La Feuillée
Le Folgoët
La Forest-Landerneau
La Forêt-Fouesnant
Fouesnant
Garlan
Gouesnac'h
Gouesnou
Gouézec
Goulien
Goulven
Gourlizon
Guengat
Guerlesquin
Guiclan
Guilers
Guiler-sur-Goyen
Guilligomarc'h
Guilvinec
Guimaëc
Guimiliau
Guipavas
Guissény
Hanvec
Henvic
Hôpital-Camfrout
Huelgoat
Île de Batz
Île de Sein
Île-Tudy
Irvillac
Le Juch
Kergloff
Kerlaz
Kerlouan
Kernilis
Kernouës
Kersaint-Plabennec
Lampaul-Guimiliau
Lampaul-Plouarzel
Lampaul-Ploudalmézeau
Lanarvily
Landéda
Landeleau
Landerneau
Landévennec
Landivisiau
Landrévarzec
Landudal
Landudec
Landunvez
Langolen
Lanhouarneau
Lanildut
Lanmeur
Lannéanou
Lannédern
Lanneuffret
Lannilis
Lanrivoaré
Lanvéoc
Laz
Lennon
Lesneven
Leuhan
Loc-Brévalaire
Loc-Eguiner
Locmaria-Plouzané
Locmélar
Locquénolé
Locquirec
Locronan
Loctudy
Locunolé
Logonna-Daoulas
Lopérec
Loperhet
Loqueffret
Lothey
Mahalon
La Martyre
Melgven
Mellac
Mespaul
Milizac-Guipronvel
Moëlan-sur-Mer
Molène
Morlaixsubpr
Motreff
Névez
Ouessant
Pencran
Penmarch
Peumerit
Plabennec
Pleuven
Pleyben
Pleyber-Christ
Plobannalec-Lesconil
Ploéven
Plogastel-Saint-Germain
Plogoff
Plogonnec
Plomelin
Plomeur
Plomodiern
Plonéis
Plonéour-Lanvern
Plonévez-du-Faou
Plonévez-Porzay
Plouarzel
Ploudalmézeau
Ploudaniel
Ploudiry
Plouédern
Plouégat-Guérand
Plouégat-Moysan
Plouénan
Plouescat
Plouezoc'h
Plougar
Plougasnou
Plougastel-Daoulas
Plougonvelin
Plougonven
Plougoulm
Plougourvest
Plouguerneau
Plouguin
Plouhinec
Plouider
Plouigneau
Ploumoguer
Plounéour-Brignogan-Plages
Plounéour-Ménez
Plounéventer
Plounévézel
Plounévez-Lochrist
Plourin
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Plouvien
Plouvorn
Plouyé
Plouzané
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Plovan
Plozévet
Pluguffan
Pont-Aven
Pont-Croix
Pont-de-Buis-lès-Quimerch
Pont-l'Abbé
Porspoder
Port-Launay
Pouldergat
Pouldreuzic
Poullan-sur-Mer
Poullaouen
Primelin
Quéménéven
Querrien
Quimperpref
Quimperlé
Rédené
Le Relecq-Kerhuon
Riec-sur-Bélon
La Roche-Maurice
Roscanvel
Roscoff
Rosnoën
Rosporden
Saint-Coulitz
Saint-Derrien
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Saint-Eloy
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Saint-Frégant
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Taulé
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Tourch
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This Finistère geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[kʁɔzɔ̃]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/French"},{"link_name":"[kʁozɔ̃]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/French"},{"link_name":"Breton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language"},{"link_name":"[ˈkrɔːzõn]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Breton"},{"link_name":"[ˈkraõn]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA"},{"link_name":"commune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communes_of_France"},{"link_name":"department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departments_of_France"},{"link_name":"Finistère","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re"},{"link_name":"administrative region","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_regions_of_France"},{"link_name":"Brittany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"peninsula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula"},{"link_name":"Camaret-sur-Mer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camaret-sur-Mer"},{"link_name":"Roscanvel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscanvel"},{"link_name":"Lanvéoc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanv%C3%A9oc"},{"link_name":"Landévennec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%C3%A9vennec"},{"link_name":"Telgruc-sur-Mer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telgruc-sur-Mer"},{"link_name":"arrondissement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrondissement"},{"link_name":"Châteaulin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teaulin"},{"link_name":"Louis Jouvet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Jouvet"},{"link_name":"Île Longue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Longue"}],"text":"Commune in Brittany, FranceCrozon (French pronunciation: [kʁɔzɔ̃], [kʁozɔ̃]; Breton: Kraozon, [ˈkrɔːzõn], locally [ˈkraõn]) is a commune in the department of Finistère and the administrative region of Brittany, northwestern France. As well as the town of Crozon, the village of Morgat is part of the commune.[3]Crozon is located on the Crozon peninsula on the west coast of Finistère. It is bordered by the communes of Camaret-sur-Mer to the west, Roscanvel to the northwest, Lanvéoc to the north, Landévennec to the north-east and Telgruc-sur-Mer to the east. Crozon is the chef-lieu of the arrondissement of Châteaulin. Louis Jouvet, a French actor, was born in Crozon in 1887.Crozon harbours Île Longue, the base of the French strategic nuclear submarines.","title":"Crozon"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"In common with many other French towns, Crozon has a number of fêtes and festivals at various times of year. Probably the best known festival held in Crozon is the Festival du Bout du Monde (\"World's End Festival\"), a live music festival held on the first weekend in August.Crozon has various shops and a couple of supermarkets for daily needs. There is also a local produce market most mornings in front of the church. A bigger market called 'la Foire' takes place every first Wednesday of the month.","title":"Tourism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"French","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language"}],"text":"Inhabitants of Crozon are called in French Crozonnais.","title":"Population"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"bilingual schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilingual_education"},{"link_name":"Breton language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"In 2008, 4.58% of primary-school children attended bilingual schools, where Breton language is taught alongside French.[6]","title":"Breton language"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sligo, Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sligo,_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Ulm, Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulm,_Germany"},{"link_name":"Pralognan-la-Vanoise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pralognan-la-Vanoise"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"}],"text":"Crozon is twinned with the following places:Sligo, Ireland\nUlm, Germany\nPralognan-la-Vanoise, France","title":"International relations"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"Communes of the Finistère department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communes_of_the_Finist%C3%A8re_department"},{"title":"Parc naturel régional d'Armorique","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_naturel_r%C3%A9gional_d%27Armorique"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 9 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.data.gouv.fr/en/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503","url_text":"\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\""}]},{"reference":"\"Populations légales 2021\" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-29042","url_text":"\"Populations légales 2021\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques","url_text":"The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Crozon¶ms=48.2458_N_4.4875_W_type:city(7321)_region:FR-BRE","external_links_name":"48°14′45″N 4°29′15″W / 48.2458°N 4.4875°W / 48.2458; -4.4875"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Crozon¶ms=48.2458_N_4.4875_W_type:city(7321)_region:FR-BRE","external_links_name":"48°14′45″N 4°29′15″W / 48.2458°N 4.4875°W / 48.2458; -4.4875"},{"Link":"https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-29042","external_links_name":"29042"},{"Link":"https://www.data.gouv.fr/en/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503","external_links_name":"\"Répertoire national des élus: les maires\""},{"Link":"https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-29042","external_links_name":"\"Populations légales 2021\""},{"Link":"http://patrimoine.region-bretagne.fr/gertrude-diffusion/dossier/village-et-port-de-morgat/18fe91aa-0133-47b8-85b5-f2982e096ddf","external_links_name":"Morgat"},{"Link":"http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=11247","external_links_name":"Commune data sheet Crozon"},{"Link":"https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-29042#ancre-POP_T1","external_links_name":"Population en historique depuis 1968"},{"Link":"http://www.ofis-bzh.org/fr/services/observatoire/travaux.php?travail_id=83","external_links_name":"Enseignement bilingue"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070929115719/http://www.geobreizh.com/breizh/fra/villes-fiche.asp?insee_ville=29042","external_links_name":"Site with map and info on Finistère communes"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110219201339/http://www.crozon.com/","external_links_name":"Commune's website"},{"Link":"http://presquile.crozon.free.fr/","external_links_name":"more than 500 photos of the Crozon Peninsula"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140413144911/http://patrimoine.region-bretagne.fr/main.xsp?execute=parsed_query&query=com:","external_links_name":"Crozon Cultural Heritage"},{"Link":"http://thoniers.free.fr/","external_links_name":"Maritime Heritage : Crozon-Morgat's fishing history and boats"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/235199344","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152543977","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152543977","external_links_name":"BnF data"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/4331830-7","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/area/cdc9c439-0a26-4757-b93d-01fc26eeb44f","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz area"},{"Link":"https://www.idref.fr/027379000","external_links_name":"IdRef"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crozon&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Air
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Phoenix Air
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["1 Fleet","2 Accidents and incidents","3 References","4 External links"]
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Airline of the United States
For the Czech glider, see Phoenix Air Phoenix. For the Thailand airline, see Air Phoenix. For other uses, see Phoenix (disambiguation).
Phoenix Air
IATA
ICAO
Callsign
PH
PHA
GRAY BIRD
Founded1978Operating basesCartersville AirportFleet size29HeadquartersCartersville, Georgia, USAWebsitewww.phoenixair.com
A Phoenix Air Learjet 35 approaching Naval Air Station North Island (2009).
Phoenix Air Group, often just referred to as Phoenix Air, is a non-scheduled airline headquartered in Cartersville, Georgia, USA, with the city's airport serving as its base. Founded in 1978 by Army helicopter pilot and race car driver Mark Thompson, Phoenix Air operates worldwide charter flights (passenger and cargo; catering for corporate, military or air ambulance demands).
Phoenix Air employs just over 200 people from Cartersville and the Atlanta metro area.
Fleet
This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2013)
In 2007, Phoenix Air had been named the world's largest owner-operator of Grumman Gulfstream I aircraft. At that time, its fleet consisted of the following:
4 Bombardier Learjet 35
2 Bombardier Learjet 35A
7 Bombardier Learjet 36A
8 Grumman Gulfstream I
3 Gulfstream III**
1 Gulfstream II
1 Gulfstream IIB
3 Embraer 120
Now all of Phoenix Air's fleet of Learjets, Gulfstream G-I and Gulfstream G-III aircraft meet ICAO Chapter 3, Stage 3 Noise Compliance requirements and can operate into and out of all noise sensitive airports throughout the world.
** One Gulfstream III (G-III), N173PA, has been fitted with an Airborne Biomedical Containment System (ABCS), funded by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It has been used for transporting of patients with the deadly Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014. This is the only aircraft in the world capable of safely transporting patients of highly communicable diseases that offers a high degree of protection to the aircraft's crew and the accompanying medical staff. This aircraft is currently under an "on demand" US$5 million contract to the US State Department. As the virus spread, officials from the World Health Organization, U.N. and Britain, among others, all approached Phoenix Air to sign exclusive deals.
The bio-containment unit is a special negative pressure transport tube that allows medical personnel to treat Ebola patients while in flight. Decontamination includes hydrogen peroxide fog, quaternary ammonia, spore strip testing, and burning of the envelope.
As of 14 October 2014, two Phoenix Air Gulfstreams were able to carry Ebola patients, and another jet was being equipped.
Accidents and incidents
On 8 January 1988 at 05:19 local time, a Phoenix Air Learjet 36 (registered N79SF) crashed during landing approach of Monroe Municipal Airport following a flight from Memphis, Tennessee, killing the two pilots on board. The NTSB investigation revealed that the co-pilot had not been type rated to fly this aircraft type.
On 29 June 1989 at 00:04, a Phoenix Air Dassault Falcon 20 (registered N125CA) crashed near Cartersville Airport shortly into a ferry flight to Dannelly Airport. The two pilots died in the accident, which was attributed to crew fatigue and poor training.
On 14 December 1994, the two pilots of a Phoenix Air Learjet 35 (registered N521PA) experienced an inflight fire. The aircraft was substantially damaged and crashed near Fresno, California. There were no survivors. The crew had been on a military mission with special systems installed in the aircraft. The fire was due to improper electrical wiring.
On 3 December 2002 at 06:12 local time, a Phoenix Air Learjet 35 (registered N546PA) collided with an elk during take-off at Astoria Regional Airport. In the ensuing rejected take-off, the aircraft overshot the runway and was substantially damaged.
On 26 March 2007 at 07:30, a Phoenix Air Learjet 36 (registered N527PA) suffered a blown tire during take-off at Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport.(a contributing factor was that the drag chute could not be deployed).
In 2015, a Phoenix Air Learjet 35 (registered N80PG) skidded on the runway, followed by right main gear collapse which caused substantial damage to the plane during landing at Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport. The cause is still under investigation.
On 10 May 2023 at 07:50, a Phoenix Air Learjet 36A (registered N56PA) crashed into the sea southwest of San Clemente Island, killing all 3 on board. This accident is currently under investigation.
References
^ "Phoenix Air airline profile". Retrieved April 4, 2024.
^ a b "Directory: World Airlines". Flight International. April 10, 2007. pp. 63–64.
^ a b Thomas A Horne (January 2015). "Mike Ott The Inside Story of a Ebola Evacuation Mission". AOPA Pilot: T-14.
^ "U.S. has only jet to transport Ebola patients safely". Washington Times. October 1, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
^ "Ebola Fight in Africa Is Hurt by Limits on Ways to Get Out". October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
^ "1988 Phoenix Air accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
^ "1989 Phoenix Air accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
^ "1994 Phoenix Air accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
^ "2002 Phoenix Air accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
^ "2007 Phoenix Air accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
^ "2023 Phoenix Air accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
External links
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Phoenix Air Phoenix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Air_Phoenix"},{"link_name":"Air Phoenix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Phoenix"},{"link_name":"Phoenix (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_(disambiguation)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phoenix_Air_Learjet_landing_at_North_Island_NAS_(3767183347).jpg"},{"link_name":"Learjet 35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_35"},{"link_name":"Naval Air Station North Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_North_Island"},{"link_name":"Cartersville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartersville,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)"},{"link_name":"USA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_America"},{"link_name":"the city's airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartersville_Airport"},{"link_name":"Mark Thompson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Thompson_(racing_driver)"}],"text":"For the Czech glider, see Phoenix Air Phoenix. For the Thailand airline, see Air Phoenix. For other uses, see Phoenix (disambiguation).A Phoenix Air Learjet 35 approaching Naval Air Station North Island (2009).Phoenix Air Group, often just referred to as Phoenix Air, is a non-scheduled airline headquartered in Cartersville, Georgia, USA, with the city's airport serving as its base. Founded in 1978 by Army helicopter pilot and race car driver Mark Thompson, Phoenix Air operates worldwide charter flights (passenger and cargo; catering for corporate, military or air ambulance demands).Phoenix Air employs just over 200 people from Cartersville and the Atlanta metro area.","title":"Phoenix Air"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Grumman Gulfstream I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_Gulfstream_I"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FI-2"},{"link_name":"Bombardier Learjet 35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_35"},{"link_name":"Bombardier Learjet 35A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_35"},{"link_name":"Bombardier Learjet 36A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_35"},{"link_name":"Grumman Gulfstream I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_Gulfstream_I"},{"link_name":"Gulfstream III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulfstream_III"},{"link_name":"Gulfstream II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulfstream_II"},{"link_name":"Gulfstream IIB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulfstream_II"},{"link_name":"Embraer 120","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embraer_120"},{"link_name":"Airborne Biomedical Containment System","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-containment"},{"link_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Thomas_A_Horne_T-14-3"},{"link_name":"Ebola outbreak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_epidemic_in_West_Africa"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Thomas_A_Horne_T-14-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"In 2007, Phoenix Air had been named the world's largest owner-operator of Grumman Gulfstream I aircraft. At that time, its fleet consisted of the following:[2]4 Bombardier Learjet 35\n2 Bombardier Learjet 35A\n7 Bombardier Learjet 36A\n8 Grumman Gulfstream I\n3 Gulfstream III**\n1 Gulfstream II\n1 Gulfstream IIB\n3 Embraer 120Now all of Phoenix Air's fleet of Learjets, Gulfstream G-I and Gulfstream G-III aircraft meet ICAO Chapter 3, Stage 3 Noise Compliance requirements and can operate into and out of all noise sensitive airports throughout the world.** One Gulfstream III (G-III), N173PA, has been fitted with an Airborne Biomedical Containment System (ABCS), funded by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).[3] It has been used for transporting of patients with the deadly Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014. This is the only aircraft in the world capable of safely transporting patients of highly communicable diseases that offers a high degree of protection to the aircraft's crew and the accompanying medical staff[citation needed]. This aircraft is currently under an \"on demand\" US$5 million contract to the US State Department. As the virus spread, officials from the World Health Organization, U.N. and Britain, among others, all approached Phoenix Air to sign exclusive deals.The bio-containment unit is a special negative pressure transport tube that allows medical personnel to treat Ebola patients while in flight. Decontamination includes hydrogen peroxide fog, quaternary ammonia, spore strip testing, and burning of the envelope.[3][4]As of 14 October 2014, two Phoenix Air Gulfstreams were able to carry Ebola patients, and another jet was being equipped.[5]","title":"Fleet"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Learjet 36","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_35"},{"link_name":"registered","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_registration"},{"link_name":"Monroe Municipal Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe_Municipal_Airport"},{"link_name":"Memphis, Tennessee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"NTSB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board"},{"link_name":"type rated","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_rating"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Dassault Falcon 20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_20"},{"link_name":"Dannelly Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_Regional_Airport"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Learjet 35","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_35"},{"link_name":"Fresno, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_California"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Astoria Regional Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astoria_Regional_Airport"},{"link_name":"rejected take-off","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aborted_take-off"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport_News/Williamsburg_International_Airport"},{"link_name":"drag chute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drogue_parachute"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport_News/Williamsburg_International_Airport"},{"link_name":"Learjet 36A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_35"},{"link_name":"San Clemente Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Clemente_Island"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"text":"On 8 January 1988 at 05:19 local time, a Phoenix Air Learjet 36 (registered N79SF) crashed during landing approach of Monroe Municipal Airport following a flight from Memphis, Tennessee, killing the two pilots on board. The NTSB investigation revealed that the co-pilot had not been type rated to fly this aircraft type.[6]\nOn 29 June 1989 at 00:04, a Phoenix Air Dassault Falcon 20 (registered N125CA) crashed near Cartersville Airport shortly into a ferry flight to Dannelly Airport. The two pilots died in the accident, which was attributed to crew fatigue and poor training.[7]\nOn 14 December 1994, the two pilots of a Phoenix Air Learjet 35 (registered N521PA) experienced an inflight fire. The aircraft was substantially damaged and crashed near Fresno, California. There were no survivors. The crew had been on a military mission with special systems installed in the aircraft. The fire was due to improper electrical wiring.[8]\nOn 3 December 2002 at 06:12 local time, a Phoenix Air Learjet 35 (registered N546PA) collided with an elk during take-off at Astoria Regional Airport. In the ensuing rejected take-off, the aircraft overshot the runway and was substantially damaged.[9]\nOn 26 March 2007 at 07:30, a Phoenix Air Learjet 36 (registered N527PA) suffered a blown tire during take-off at Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport.(a contributing factor was that the drag chute could not be deployed).[10]\nIn 2015, a Phoenix Air Learjet 35 (registered N80PG) skidded on the runway, followed by right main gear collapse which caused substantial damage to the plane during landing at Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport. The cause is still under investigation.\nOn 10 May 2023 at 07:50, a Phoenix Air Learjet 36A (registered N56PA) crashed into the sea southwest of San Clemente Island, killing all 3 on board.[11] This accident is currently under investigation.","title":"Accidents and incidents"}]
|
[{"image_text":"A Phoenix Air Learjet 35 approaching Naval Air Station North Island (2009).","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Phoenix_Air_Learjet_landing_at_North_Island_NAS_%283767183347%29.jpg/220px-Phoenix_Air_Learjet_landing_at_North_Island_NAS_%283767183347%29.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Phoenix Air airline profile\". Retrieved April 4, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://airhex.com/airlines/phoenix-air/","url_text":"\"Phoenix Air airline profile\""}]},{"reference":"\"Directory: World Airlines\". Flight International. April 10, 2007. pp. 63–64.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_International","url_text":"Flight International"}]},{"reference":"Thomas A Horne (January 2015). \"Mike Ott The Inside Story of a Ebola Evacuation Mission\". AOPA Pilot: T-14.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"U.S. has only jet to transport Ebola patients safely\". Washington Times. October 1, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/oct/1/cdc-spends-5-million-to-use-ebola-jet-it-helped-de/","url_text":"\"U.S. has only jet to transport Ebola patients safely\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ebola Fight in Africa Is Hurt by Limits on Ways to Get Out\". October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 26, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/15/world/europe/ebola-fight-in-africa-is-hurt-by-limits-on-ways-to-get-out.html","url_text":"\"Ebola Fight in Africa Is Hurt by Limits on Ways to Get Out\""}]},{"reference":"\"1988 Phoenix Air accident description\". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved March 14, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880108-1","url_text":"\"1988 Phoenix Air accident description\""}]},{"reference":"\"1989 Phoenix Air accident description\". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved March 14, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19890629-0","url_text":"\"1989 Phoenix Air accident description\""}]},{"reference":"\"1994 Phoenix Air accident description\". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved March 14, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19941214-1","url_text":"\"1994 Phoenix Air accident description\""}]},{"reference":"\"2002 Phoenix Air accident description\". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved March 14, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20021203-0","url_text":"\"2002 Phoenix Air accident description\""}]},{"reference":"\"2007 Phoenix Air accident description\". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved March 14, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20070326-0","url_text":"\"2007 Phoenix Air accident description\""}]},{"reference":"\"2023 Phoenix Air accident description\". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved May 12, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20230510-0","url_text":"\"2023 Phoenix Air accident description\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.phoenixair.com/","external_links_name":"www.phoenixair.com"},{"Link":"https://airhex.com/airlines/phoenix-air/","external_links_name":"\"Phoenix Air airline profile\""},{"Link":"http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/oct/1/cdc-spends-5-million-to-use-ebola-jet-it-helped-de/","external_links_name":"\"U.S. has only jet to transport Ebola patients safely\""},{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/15/world/europe/ebola-fight-in-africa-is-hurt-by-limits-on-ways-to-get-out.html","external_links_name":"\"Ebola Fight in Africa Is Hurt by Limits on Ways to Get Out\""},{"Link":"http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19880108-1","external_links_name":"\"1988 Phoenix Air accident description\""},{"Link":"http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19890629-0","external_links_name":"\"1989 Phoenix Air accident description\""},{"Link":"http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19941214-1","external_links_name":"\"1994 Phoenix Air accident description\""},{"Link":"http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20021203-0","external_links_name":"\"2002 Phoenix Air accident description\""},{"Link":"http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20070326-0","external_links_name":"\"2007 Phoenix Air accident description\""},{"Link":"https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20230510-0","external_links_name":"\"2023 Phoenix Air accident description\""},{"Link":"https://phoenixair.com/","external_links_name":"Official website"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where%27s_Herb%3F
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Where's Herb?
|
["1 Campaign","2 Reception","3 See also","4 References"]
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1985 advertising campaign for Burger King
Where's Herb?A picture of Herb taken from a commercialAgencyJ. Walter ThompsonClientBurger KingProductThe WhopperRelease date(s)1985–1986StarringJon Menick
Where's Herb? was an advertising campaign for the fast food chain Burger King that ran in 1985 and 1986. The television commercials featured a fictional character named Herb, who was described as never having eaten a Whopper in his life. Advertisements called on fans to visit their local Burger King in the hope of finding Herb and winning a prize. The campaign also included an "I'm not Herb" promotion, in which customers could get a discounted Whopper by including the phrase in their order. This confused people who tried to follow the promotion because they did not know what Herb looked like. By the time his appearance was revealed, many people had already lost interest in the campaign. The promotion was poorly received and was the last campaign that the J. Walter Thompson agency designed for Burger King.
Campaign
When the commercials were created, Burger King was suffering due to poor marketing. The new promotion was designed to counter the successful marketing efforts of McDonald's, who were spending an estimated US$80 to 100 million to promote the McDLT (McDonald's Lettuce and Tomato), and of Wendy's, which had found success with its "Where's the beef?" commercials. The Herb commercials, launched in November 1985, were created by the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency at an expense of approximately US$40 million (about US$106 million in 2022). Donald Dempsey, Thompson's Executive Vice President of Marketing, oversaw the creation of the campaign, and it continued under the direction of Tom Sawyer, the company's Vice President of Marketing. Before settling on the name Herb, the firm considered such names as Mitch and Oscar.
The campaign began with three weeks of "cryptic" messages designed to create interest in the promotion. Herb was mentioned in newspaper advertisements, on banners at football games, and in flyers distributed to the public. On November 24, 1985, the first commercials were aired on CBS, NBC, and ABC. The premise of the commercials was that Herb was the only person in the United States who had not eaten a Whopper from Burger King. The advertising agency created a fictional biography for the character, claiming that he was raised in Wisconsin, had worked in a cheese factory, and had also sold decoy ducks. The character is commonly referred to as "Herb the Nerd".
The Herb character was played by actor Jon Menick, who would randomly appear at Burger King restaurants nationwide. Herb's identity was not revealed until Super Bowl XX in January 1986; he was shown to be wearing white socks, black "flood pants", and thick-rimmed glasses. If a customer spotted Herb at a Burger King, he or she would win $5,000. All customers in the restaurant when Herb was discovered were also entered into a drawing for the promotion's grand prize of $1 million. The draw was won by Christopher Kelly of Louisville, Kentucky, who was present when Herb was spotted at the Burger King in the city's Oxmoor Center mall.
In addition to encouraging people to search for Herb, Burger King added an "I'm not Herb" promotion to their marketing campaign. Because Burger King claimed to be angry at Herb for not eating at their restaurants, they offered a 99-cent Whopper hamburger to everybody except Herb. To get the discounted price, customers had to say, "I'm not Herb" while ordering. Customers named Herb were told to say, "I'm not the Herb you're looking for". Other restaurants, including Wendy's, capitalized on the promotion by advertising that Herb ate at their locations.
.
Reception
The promotion met with some positive reviews. Time called it "clever", and a columnist for the Chicago Tribune stated that Herb was "one of the most famous men in America". Ultimately, however, the Herb promotion has been described as a flop. The advertising campaign lasted three months before it was discontinued. One Burger King franchise owner stated that the problem was that "there was absolutely no relevant message". Although some initial results were positive, the mystique was lost after Herb's appearance was revealed during the Super Bowl. Burger King's profits fell 40% in 1986. As a result of the poorly received campaign, Burger King dropped J. Walter Thompson from their future advertising. The US$200 million account was given to N. W. Ayer.
The World Wrestling Federation had Herb appear as a guest timekeeper during the boxing match between Roddy Piper and Mr. T at WrestleMania 2 at the Nassau Coliseum on April 7, 1986. Clara Peller, the star of the "Where's the beef?" commercials from Wendy's, also appeared at the event, working as guest timekeeper during a battle royal.
1980s portal
See also
Lists of advertising characters
List of Burger King ad programs
References
^ a b Schoifet, Mark (1996-01-01). "Herb falls flat, but Wendy's breaks another winner". Nation's Restaurant News. Archived from the original on 2009-04-17. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
^ a b c d Berg, Eric N. (1998-11-14). "Company News; Burger King's Angry Franchisees: Page Two". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
^ a b c Bernstein, Charles (1986-01-20). "Burger King's Herb: a true national hero". Nation's Restaurant News. Archived from the original on 2011-06-16. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
^ a b Schoifet, Mark (1985-11-25). "Burger King unleashes ads, PR stunts introducing 'Herb'". Nation's Restaurant News. Archived from the original on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
^ a b c "Herb Comes Out of Hiding". Time. 1986-02-03. Archived from the original on September 11, 2005. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
^ Hartlaub, Peter (2007-01-26). "The 10 worst Super Bowl ads of all time". NBC News. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
^ a b Carlino, Bill (1990-03-12). "Franchisees on BK campaign: has potential but needs work". Nation's Restaurant News. Archived from the original on 2005-04-18. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
^ Hofstede, David (2004). What Were They Thinking? The 100 Dumbest Events in Television History. New York: Back Stage Books. p. 115. ISBN 0-8230-8441-8.
^ a b c d Wieting, Stephen G. (2001). Sport and Memory in North America. Routledge. p. 220. ISBN 0-7146-5219-9.
^ Petras, Kathryn; Ross Petras (2003). Unusually Stupid Americans: A Compendium of All-American Stupidity. Random House of Canada. p. 200. ISBN 0-8129-7082-9.
^ a b "Herb Is a Grinch". Time. 1986-05-12. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
^ Reynolds, R.D.; Blade Braxton (2007). The Wrestlecrap Book of Lists!. ECW Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-1-55022-762-8.
^ "Christopher Kelly to receive $1 million in the Burger King "Million Dollar Search for Herb" contest". Highbeam Research. PR Newswire. 1986-05-15. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
^ New York. 18. New York Magazine Co.: 29 1985. ISSN 0362-4331. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ a b Dumaine, Brian (1987-11-23). "A CEO Bake-Off at Pillsbury". CNN Money. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
^ "WrestleMania 2". World Wrestling Entertainment. Archived from the original on 2007-10-26. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
^ Walker, Linden. "WrestleMania II review". Wrestling Observer Newsletter/Figure Four. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
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By the time his appearance was revealed, many people had already lost interest in the campaign. The promotion was poorly received and was the last campaign that the J. Walter Thompson agency designed for Burger King.","title":"Where's Herb?"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"McDonald's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s"},{"link_name":"McDLT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_N%27_Tasty#Variants"},{"link_name":"Wendy's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendy%27s"},{"link_name":"Where's the beef?","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where%27s_the_beef%3F"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-falls-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-drop-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hero-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-stunt-4"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hero-3"},{"link_name":"flyers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyer_(pamphlet)"},{"link_name":"CBS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS"},{"link_name":"NBC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC"},{"link_name":"ABC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-stunt-4"},{"link_name":"Whopper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whopper"},{"link_name":"Wisconsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin"},{"link_name":"decoy ducks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_decoy_(model)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-time-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-worst-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-franchise-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hofstede-8"},{"link_name":"Super Bowl XX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_XX"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sport-9"},{"link_name":"flood pants","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_quarter_pants"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-drop-2"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sport-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-time2-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Louisville, Kentucky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Oxmoor Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxmoor_Center"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hero-3"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-time2-11"}],"text":"When the commercials were created, Burger King was suffering due to poor marketing. The new promotion was designed to counter the successful marketing efforts of McDonald's, who were spending an estimated US$80 to 100 million to promote the McDLT (McDonald's Lettuce and Tomato), and of Wendy's, which had found success with its \"Where's the beef?\" commercials.[1] The Herb commercials, launched in November 1985,[2] were created by the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency at an expense of approximately US$40 million (about US$106 million in 2022).[3] Donald Dempsey, Thompson's Executive Vice President of Marketing, oversaw the creation of the campaign, and it continued under the direction of Tom Sawyer, the company's Vice President of Marketing.[4] Before settling on the name Herb, the firm considered such names as Mitch and Oscar.[3]The campaign began with three weeks of \"cryptic\" messages designed to create interest in the promotion. Herb was mentioned in newspaper advertisements, on banners at football games, and in flyers distributed to the public. On November 24, 1985, the first commercials were aired on CBS, NBC, and ABC.[4] The premise of the commercials was that Herb was the only person in the United States who had not eaten a Whopper from Burger King. The advertising agency created a fictional biography for the character, claiming that he was raised in Wisconsin, had worked in a cheese factory, and had also sold decoy ducks.[5] The character is commonly referred to as \"Herb the Nerd\".[6][7]The Herb character was played by actor Jon Menick,[8] who would randomly appear at Burger King restaurants nationwide. Herb's identity was not revealed until Super Bowl XX in January 1986;[9] he was shown to be wearing white socks, black \"flood pants\", and thick-rimmed glasses.[2][9][10] If a customer spotted Herb at a Burger King, he or she would win $5,000.[11][12] All customers in the restaurant when Herb was discovered were also entered into a drawing for the promotion's grand prize of $1 million. The draw was won by Christopher Kelly of Louisville, Kentucky, who was present when Herb was spotted at the Burger King in the city's Oxmoor Center mall.[13]In addition to encouraging people to search for Herb, Burger King added an \"I'm not Herb\" promotion to their marketing campaign. Because Burger King claimed to be angry at Herb for not eating at their restaurants, they offered a 99-cent Whopper hamburger to everybody except Herb. To get the discounted price, customers had to say, \"I'm not Herb\" while ordering. Customers named Herb were told to say, \"I'm not the Herb you're looking for\".[14] Other restaurants, including Wendy's, capitalized on the promotion by advertising that Herb ate at their locations.[3].[11]","title":"Campaign"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Time","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-time-5"},{"link_name":"Chicago Tribune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Tribune"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sport-9"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-falls-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-time-5"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-franchise-7"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-drop-2"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sport-9"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ayer-15"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-drop-2"},{"link_name":"N. W. Ayer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N._W._Ayer_%26_Son"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ayer-15"},{"link_name":"World Wrestling Federation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wrestling_Entertainment"},{"link_name":"Roddy Piper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roddy_Piper"},{"link_name":"Mr. T","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._T"},{"link_name":"WrestleMania 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WrestleMania_2"},{"link_name":"Nassau Coliseum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassau_Coliseum"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wwe-16"},{"link_name":"Clara Peller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Peller"},{"link_name":"battle royal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_royal_(professional_wrestling)"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg"},{"link_name":"1980s portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:1980s"}],"text":"The promotion met with some positive reviews. Time called it \"clever\",[5] and a columnist for the Chicago Tribune stated that Herb was \"one of the most famous men in America\".[9] Ultimately, however, the Herb promotion has been described as a flop.[1][5] The advertising campaign lasted three months before it was discontinued.[7] One Burger King franchise owner stated that the problem was that \"there was absolutely no relevant message\".[2] Although some initial results were positive, the mystique was lost after Herb's appearance was revealed during the Super Bowl.[9] Burger King's profits fell 40% in 1986.[15] As a result of the poorly received campaign, Burger King dropped J. Walter Thompson from their future advertising.[2] The US$200 million account was given to N. W. Ayer.[15]The World Wrestling Federation had Herb appear as a guest timekeeper during the boxing match between Roddy Piper and Mr. T at WrestleMania 2 at the Nassau Coliseum on April 7, 1986.[16] Clara Peller, the star of the \"Where's the beef?\" commercials from Wendy's, also appeared at the event, working as guest timekeeper during a battle royal.[17]1980s portal","title":"Reception"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"Lists of advertising characters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_advertising_characters"},{"title":"List of Burger King ad programs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Burger_King_ad_programs"}]
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Retrieved 2009-07-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110616105637/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_v20/ai_4103824/","url_text":"\"Burger King's Herb: a true national hero\""},{"url":"http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_v20/ai_4103824/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Schoifet, Mark (1985-11-25). \"Burger King unleashes ads, PR stunts introducing 'Herb'\". Nation's Restaurant News. Archived from the original on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2010-08-03.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100527224123/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_v19/ai_4033573/","url_text":"\"Burger King unleashes ads, PR stunts introducing 'Herb'\""},{"url":"http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_v19/ai_4033573/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Herb Comes Out of Hiding\". Time. 1986-02-03. Archived from the original on September 11, 2005. Retrieved 2009-07-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20050911204243/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960538,00.html","url_text":"\"Herb Comes Out of Hiding\""},{"url":"http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960538,00.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Hartlaub, Peter (2007-01-26). \"The 10 worst Super Bowl ads of all time\". NBC News. Retrieved 2007-09-12.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16790823","url_text":"\"The 10 worst Super Bowl ads of all time\""}]},{"reference":"Carlino, Bill (1990-03-12). \"Franchisees on BK campaign: has potential but needs work\". Nation's Restaurant News. Archived from the original on 2005-04-18. Retrieved 2007-09-12.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20050418150946/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_n11_v24/ai_8807131","url_text":"\"Franchisees on BK campaign: has potential but needs work\""},{"url":"http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_n11_v24/ai_8807131","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Hofstede, David (2004). What Were They Thinking? The 100 Dumbest Events in Television History. New York: Back Stage Books. p. 115. ISBN 0-8230-8441-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8230-8441-8","url_text":"0-8230-8441-8"}]},{"reference":"Wieting, Stephen G. (2001). Sport and Memory in North America. Routledge. p. 220. 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Retrieved 2009-07-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20130204220254/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,961331,00.html?promoid=googlep","url_text":"\"Herb Is a Grinch\""},{"url":"http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,961331,00.html?promoid=googlep","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Reynolds, R.D.; Blade Braxton (2007). The Wrestlecrap Book of Lists!. ECW Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-1-55022-762-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55022-762-8","url_text":"978-1-55022-762-8"}]},{"reference":"\"Christopher Kelly to receive $1 million in the Burger King \"Million Dollar Search for Herb\" contest\". Highbeam Research. PR Newswire. 1986-05-15. Retrieved 2010-08-03.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-4243825.html","url_text":"\"Christopher Kelly to receive $1 million in the Burger King \"Million Dollar Search for Herb\" contest\""}]},{"reference":"New York. 18. New York Magazine Co.: 29 1985. ISSN 0362-4331.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"}]},{"reference":"Dumaine, Brian (1987-11-23). \"A CEO Bake-Off at Pillsbury\". CNN Money. Retrieved 2009-07-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1987/11/23/69877/index.htm","url_text":"\"A CEO Bake-Off at Pillsbury\""}]},{"reference":"\"WrestleMania 2\". World Wrestling Entertainment. Archived from the original on 2007-10-26. Retrieved 2007-09-12.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20071026040425/http://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/history/wm2/celebrities/","url_text":"\"WrestleMania 2\""},{"url":"http://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/history/wm2/celebrities/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Walker, Linden. \"WrestleMania II review\". Wrestling Observer Newsletter/Figure Four. Retrieved 2009-07-27.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.f4wonline.com/content/view/3027/124/","url_text":"\"WrestleMania II review\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_E._Finn_Jr.
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Chester E. Finn Jr.
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["1 Published works include","2 References","3 External links"]
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Chester E. Finn Jr.BornChester Evans Finn Jr. (1944-08-03) August 3, 1944 (age 79)Columbus, Ohio, U.S.EducationBA (history), 1965MA (social studies teaching), 1967Ed.D. (educational policy), 1970Alma materHarvard UniversityBoard member ofNational Council on Teacher Quality'Thomas B. Fordham Foundation' CVPath Institute >
National Assessment Governing Board, including two years as its chairman (1988–1996)
Maryland State Board of Education (2015-2018)Spouse
Renu Virmani (m. 1974)Children2Notes
Chester Evans "Checker" Finn Jr. (born August 3, 1944) is a former professor of education, an educational policy analyst, and a former United States Assistant Secretary of Education. He is currently the president emeritus of the nonprofit Thomas B. Fordham Foundation in Washington, D.C. He is also Volker Senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution where he chairs the Working Group on Good American Citizenship. He was also a member of the Maryland Kirwan Commission on Education during its authorization period from 2016 to 2019.
Finn was Professor of Education and Public Policy at Vanderbilt University (1981–2002). He served as Assistant Secretary for Research and Improvement at the U.S. Department of Education (1985–88). Prior positions included Staff Assistant to U.S. President Richard Nixon; special assistant to Massachusetts Governor Francis Sargent (1972–73); counsel to U.S. Ambassador to India Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1973–74); Research Associate at the Brookings Institution (1974–77); and legislative director for U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1977–81).
Published works include
Finn, Jr., Chester E., Assessing the Nation's Report Card: Challenges and Choices for NAEP (2022); Harvard Education Press
Finn, Jr., Chester E.; Scanlan, Andrew E.; Learning in the Fast Lane: The Past, Present and Future of Advanced Placement (2019); Princeton University Press
How to Educate an American: The Conservative Vision for Tomorrow's Schools; Michael J. Petrilli and Chester E. Finn Jr., eds. (2020). West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Press. ISBN 978-1-59947-569-1.
Finn Jr., Chester E.; Louann A. Bierlein; Bruno V. Manno (1997). Charter school accountability: findings and prospects. Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation. ISBN 0-87367-625-4. LCCN 97069151.
Finn Jr., Chester E.; Diane Ravitch; Robert T. Fancher, eds. (1984). Against mediocrity: the humanities in America's high schools. foreword by William Bennett. New York: Holmes & Meier. ISBN 0-8419-0944-X. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
Finn Jr., Chester E.; Diane Ravitch; P. Holley Roberts, eds. (1985). Challenges to the humanities. epilogue by William J. Bennett. New York: Holmes and Meier. ISBN 0-8419-1018-9. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
Finn Jr., Chester E.; Theodor Rebarber, eds. (1992). Education reform in the '90s. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co. ISBN 0-02-897095-0. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
Hess, Frederick M.; Chester E. Finn Jr., eds. (2004). Leaving no child behind?: options for kids in failing schools (1st ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-6588-9. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
Abshire, David M. (1995). Lamar Alexander; Chester E. Finn Jr. (eds.). The new promise of American life. Indianapolis: Hudson Institute. ISBN 1-55813-053-5. LCCN 96206261.
Hess, Frederick M.; Chester E. Finn Jr., eds. (2007). No remedy left behind: lessons from a half-decade of NCLB. Washington, D.C.: AEI Press. ISBN 978-0-8447-4255-7. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
Berdahl, Robert O. (1978). David W. Breneman; Chester E. Finn Jr. (eds.). Public policy and private higher education. Susan C. Nelson. Washington: Brookings Institution. ISBN 0-8157-1066-6. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
Finn Jr., Chester E. (1977). Education and the Presidency. foreword by Daniel P. Moynihan. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books. ISBN 0-669-00365-4. LCCN 75032871.
Finn Jr., Chester E. (2009). Reroute the preschool juggernaut. Stanford, California: Education Next Books. ISBN 978-0-8179-4992-1. LCCN 2009015883.
Finn Jr., Chester E. (1978). Scholars, dollars, and bureaucrats. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. ISBN 0-8157-2828-X. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
Finn Jr., Chester E. (2008). Troublemaker: a personal history of school reform since Sputnik. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. LCCN 2007038263.
Ravitch, Diane; Chester E. Finn Jr. (1987). What do our 17-year-olds know?: a report on the first national assessment of history and literature. foreword by Lynne V. Cheney. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015849-2. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
Vanourek, Gregg; Scott W. Hamilton; Chester E. Finn Jr. (1996). Is there life after big government?: the potential of civil society. Indianapolis: Hudson Institute. LCCN 98103401.
We Must Take Charge!: Our Schools and Our Future (1991)
The Educated Child: A Parents Guide From Preschool Through Eighth Grade (1999; with William Bennett and John T. E. Cribb Jr.)
Charter Schools in Action: Renewing Public Education (2001; with Bruno V. Manno and Gregg Vanourek)
Leaving No Child Behind?: Options for Kids in Failing Schools (2004) (with Frederick M. Hess)
Troublemaker: A Personal History of School Reform Since Sputnik (2008)
References
^ Wood, Shelley (June 23, 2004). "Standing against the stream: Dr Renu Virmani". HeartWire. WebMD. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
^ "Chester Evans Finn Jr." Marquis Who's Who TM. Marquis Who's Who, 2008.
Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale, 2009. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC. Fee via Fairfax County Public Library, accessed 2009-05-16.
Document Number: K2017758079
^ "COMMISSION ON INNOVATION & EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION". Maryland.gov. Archived from the original on 2020-02-26. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
External links
Thomas B. Fordham Foundation website
Hoover Institution profile
Hudson Institute > About Hudson > Chester Finn Hudson Institute biography
Appearances on C-SPAN
MediaTransparency Profile of Chester Finn
Review of Chester Finn's Autobiography, Troublemaker: A Personal History of School Reform Since Sputnik
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
France
BnF data
Germany
Israel
Belgium
United States
Latvia
Japan
Netherlands
Other
SNAC
IdRef
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He is currently the president emeritus of the nonprofit Thomas B. Fordham Foundation in Washington, D.C. He is also Volker Senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution where he chairs the Working Group on Good American Citizenship. He was also a member of the Maryland Kirwan Commission on Education during its authorization period from 2016 to 2019.[3]Finn was Professor of Education and Public Policy at Vanderbilt University (1981–2002). He served as Assistant Secretary for Research and Improvement at the U.S. Department of Education (1985–88). Prior positions included Staff Assistant to U.S. President Richard Nixon; special assistant to Massachusetts Governor Francis Sargent (1972–73); counsel to U.S. Ambassador to India Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1973–74); Research Associate at the Brookings Institution (1974–77); and legislative director for U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1977–81).","title":"Chester E. 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Cheney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynne_V._Cheney"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-06-015849-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-015849-2"},{"link_name":"Hudson Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Institute"},{"link_name":"LCCN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"98103401","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//lccn.loc.gov/98103401"},{"link_name":"William Bennett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bennett"},{"link_name":"Frederick M. Hess","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_M._Hess"}],"text":"Finn, Jr., Chester E., Assessing the Nation's Report Card: Challenges and Choices for NAEP (2022); Harvard Education Press\nFinn, Jr., Chester E.; Scanlan, Andrew E.; Learning in the Fast Lane: The Past, Present and Future of Advanced Placement (2019); Princeton University Press\nHow to Educate an American: The Conservative Vision for Tomorrow's Schools; Michael J. Petrilli and Chester E. Finn Jr., eds. (2020). West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Press. ISBN 978-1-59947-569-1.\nFinn Jr., Chester E.; Louann A. Bierlein; Bruno V. Manno (1997). Charter school accountability: findings and prospects. Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation. ISBN 0-87367-625-4. LCCN 97069151.\nFinn Jr., Chester E.; Diane Ravitch; Robert T. Fancher, eds. (1984). Against mediocrity: the humanities in America's high schools. foreword by William Bennett. New York: Holmes & Meier. ISBN 0-8419-0944-X. Retrieved 2009-05-16.\nFinn Jr., Chester E.; Diane Ravitch; P. Holley Roberts, eds. (1985). Challenges to the humanities. epilogue by William J. Bennett. New York: Holmes and Meier. ISBN 0-8419-1018-9. Retrieved 2009-05-16.\nFinn Jr., Chester E.; Theodor Rebarber, eds. (1992). Education reform in the '90s. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co. ISBN 0-02-897095-0. Retrieved 2009-05-16.\nHess, Frederick M.; Chester E. Finn Jr., eds. (2004). Leaving no child behind?: options for kids in failing schools (1st ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-6588-9. Retrieved 2009-05-16.\nAbshire, David M. (1995). Lamar Alexander; Chester E. Finn Jr. (eds.). The new promise of American life. Indianapolis: Hudson Institute. ISBN 1-55813-053-5. LCCN 96206261.\nHess, Frederick M.; Chester E. Finn Jr., eds. (2007). No remedy left behind: lessons from a half-decade of NCLB. Washington, D.C.: AEI Press. ISBN 978-0-8447-4255-7. Retrieved 2009-05-16.\nBerdahl, Robert O. (1978). David W. Breneman; Chester E. Finn Jr. (eds.). Public policy and private higher education. Susan C. Nelson. Washington: Brookings Institution. ISBN 0-8157-1066-6. Retrieved 2009-05-16.\nFinn Jr., Chester E. (1977). Education and the Presidency. foreword by Daniel P. Moynihan. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books. ISBN 0-669-00365-4. LCCN 75032871.\nFinn Jr., Chester E. (2009). Reroute the preschool juggernaut. Stanford, California: Education Next Books. ISBN 978-0-8179-4992-1. LCCN 2009015883.\nFinn Jr., Chester E. (1978). Scholars, dollars, and bureaucrats. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. ISBN 0-8157-2828-X. Retrieved 2009-05-16.\nFinn Jr., Chester E. (2008). Troublemaker: a personal history of school reform since Sputnik. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. LCCN 2007038263.\nRavitch, Diane; Chester E. Finn Jr. (1987). What do our 17-year-olds know?: a report on the first national assessment of history and literature. foreword by Lynne V. Cheney. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015849-2. Retrieved 2009-05-16.\nVanourek, Gregg; Scott W. Hamilton; Chester E. Finn Jr. (1996). Is there life after big government?: the potential of civil society. Indianapolis: Hudson Institute. LCCN 98103401.\nWe Must Take Charge!: Our Schools and Our Future (1991)\nThe Educated Child: A Parents Guide From Preschool Through Eighth Grade (1999; with William Bennett and John T. E. Cribb Jr.)\nCharter Schools in Action: Renewing Public Education (2001; with Bruno V. Manno and Gregg Vanourek)\nLeaving No Child Behind?: Options for Kids in Failing Schools (2004) (with Frederick M. Hess)\nTroublemaker: A Personal History of School Reform Since Sputnik (2008)","title":"Published works include"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_battle_of_Mansoura
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Air battle of Mansoura
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["1 Background","2 Initial contact","3 Battle","4 Veracity of claims","4.1 Commemorations","5 References","6 External links"]
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Coordinates: 31°02′27″N 31°23′02″E / 31.04083°N 31.38389°E / 31.04083; 31.383891973 battle of the Yom Kippur War
Air battle of MansouraPart of the Yom Kippur WarDateOctober 14, 1973LocationNile Delta, EgyptResult
Egyptian victoryBelligerents
Egypt
IsraelCommanders and leaders
Hosni Mubarak (EAF)Ahmed Abdel Rahman Nasser (No. 104 Wing)
Benny Peled (IAF)Strength
62 MiG-21 aircraft
160 F-4 Phantom II and A-4 Skyhawk aircraftCasualties and losses
6 aircraft lost and 2 pilots killed in total:- 3 aircraft shot down- 3 aircraft out of fuel, crashed
17 aircraft shot down (Egyptian claim)
2 aircraft shot down (Israeli claim)
vteYom Kippur WarSyrian front
1st Hermon
Valley of Tears
Model 5
Latakia
2nd Hermon
2nd Latakia
Syrian GHQ Raid
Gown
al-Mazzah Airport Raid
3rd Hermon
Egyptian front
Badr
Fort Budapest
Lahtzanit
Ofira
Romani
Marsa Talamat
Tagar
Baltim
Sinai
Mansoura
Chinese Farm
Abirey-Halev
Egyptian Missile Bases Raid
25th Brigade ambush
Ismailia
Scud missile attack
Suez
International front
Nickel Grass
The air battle of Mansoura was an air battle that took place in 1973 during the Yom Kippur War between the Egyptian Air Force (EAF) and the Israeli Air Force (IAF) near the town of El Mansoura, in the Nile Delta.
The Israeli air force launched air strikes on October 14 against the Egyptian air bases at Tanta and Mansoura. Israeli aircraft were spotted approaching from the Mediterranean Sea. The 104th Air Wing of the Egyptian air force scrambled its fighters, and received reinforcements from other air bases. The air battle began at 15:15 and lasted 53 minutes. The Egyptian commander was Hosni Mubarak. According to Egyptian sources, multiple Israeli fighters were shot down; this is disputed by Israeli sources.
Background
The 104th Air Wing had three squadrons equipped with MiG-21MF fighters; two squadrons were stationed at Mansoura, tasked with interception and air defense, and the third was stationed at the Tanta air base to defend both air bases. The IAF had made several attacks on the Mansoura air base from October 6 onwards, but failed due to dense Egyptian SAM defenses.
At dawn on October 14, when Egyptian forces made their advance towards the Sinai Mitla and Gedy Passes, the ground forces were given ground support by MiG-17s, Su-7s, Su-20s and Mirage III fighter bombers. These in turn were given fighter cover by the 104th's MiG-21s. Although the Egyptian offensive on October 14 was a failure and culminated in heavy losses, the IAF was determined to destroy the 104th Air Wing's capabilities. A massive air strike would be launched against air bases in Salihiya, Mansoura and Tanta.
In the aftermath of the Six-Day War, when the EAF lost almost all its aircraft on the ground to an Israeli preemptive strike, the Egyptians constructed 500 concrete shelters on 20 major airbases to prevent the aircraft from being destroyed on the ground in a future conflict.
Initial contact
On October 14, when the Egyptians advanced from their bridgeheads along the Suez Canal, an Israeli air strike was expected to come against the Mansoura air base sooner or later, and consequently a number of MiG-21s were kept at full alert at the end of the runway with their pilots, ready for immediate take-off. As of 15:00, there was still no indication of an impending enemy attack.
At 15:15, air observation posts on the Mediterranean Sea notified EAF command that 20 Phantoms were approaching in south-west direction towards the Delta, flying over Port Said. The commander of the EAF, Air Marshal Hosni Mubarak, ordered General Naser to scramble 16 MiG-21s. The EAF command believed the enemy aircraft were only a decoy meant to lure the MiG-21s away from the airbase, so that further waves of aircraft could attack the air base uninterrupted. Hence the fighter pilots were ordered to create a protective umbrella over the air base. Most importantly, they were instructed not to pursue and engage enemy aircraft before they had reached their target.
The pilots were puzzled by the order, not knowing the reason behind it, as they expected to immediately engage the enemy after scrambling. In the event, the Israeli fighters continued to fly in broad circles for some time until, when it became clear the Egyptians would not leave the vicinity of the Mansoura air base, the Phantoms withdrew back to the sea.
Battle
Sometime around 15:30, the Egyptian Air Defense Command issued a warning that around sixty enemy aircraft were approaching from the Mediterranean Sea in three directions; one from Port Said, another from Damietta, and the third from Baltim, to the west of Damietta. Mubarak ordered his pilots in the air to intercept them. The 16 MiG-21s forming the air umbrella over Mansoura moved against the Israeli aircraft with the objective of breaking the enemy formations and forcing them to disperse. 16 MiG-21s took off from Mansoura air base to support those in the air, along with eight fighters from Tanta air base, located west of Mansoura. The MiG-21s intercepted the Israeli formation a few dozen kilometers north of Mansoura.
At 15:38, Egyptian radar installations informed the EAF command that a second wave of around 16 Israeli aircraft was coming from over the Mediterranean at very low altitude. The Egyptians scrambled a final eight MiG-21s at Mansoura, while eight MiG-21s from the Abu Hamad air base were called upon to assist. The ensuing air battle was intense, involving large numbers of aircraft; at one point, the battle involved 62 MiG-21s and some 120 Phantoms and A-4 Skyhawks. A few Israeli fighter-bombers reached their target and bombed the runway and the air defenses around the air base. While the final eight aircraft from Mansoura took off, Israeli aircraft were approaching to make their bombing run. Nasr Mousa, piloting one of the eight MiG-21s, spotted an Israeli Phantom lining up against him. Mousa made a sudden, hard right-hand turn that put him on the Phantom's tail. He shot down the Phantom with cannon fire, and no parachutes emerged. Medhat 'Arafa, an Egyptian pilot, recalls "the battle was a frightening sight because I had never seen so many aeroplanes in one area. We were not only dogfighting, but also warning other pilots that they had an enemy on their tail..." The Israeli Phantoms had to abandon their bomb-loads in order to dogfight with the more maneuverable MiG aircraft. Egyptian pilots had to land their aircraft, re-arm, refuel and take-off again within a period of seven minutes. Take-off usually took three minutes, but according to Naser, the pilots were able to accomplish it in one-and-a-half minutes during the air battle.
At 15:52, radars detected another wave of enemy aircraft, estimated to incorporate up to 60 Phantoms and Skyhawks. Eight MiG-21s from 102nd Air Wing were scrambled from Inshas air base, near Cairo. Around 20 MiG-21s that had landed, refueled and re-armed at Mansoura air base were also en route to intercept the Israeli aircraft. An air battle was raging over the Nile Delta village of Dekernis, where Israeli aircraft retreating eastward were being pursued by Egyptian aircraft. A dogfight ensued over this village between the latest Israeli wave and intercepting Egyptian MiG-21s. The commander of this final wave of Israeli aircraft, realizing that the previous waves had failed in their objectives and there were more Egyptian aircraft in the air than expected, decided to withdraw. The last Israeli aircraft left Egyptian airspace at 16:08, and the air battle was over.
Veracity of claims
At 22:00 local time Cairo Radio broadcast “Communiqué Number 39”, announcing several air battles that day over a number of Egyptian airfields, the most intensive over the northern Delta area. It claimed that 15 enemy aircraft had been downed by Egyptian fighters for the loss of three Egyptian aircraft, excluding Israeli aircraft shot down near the Suez Canal.
The following morning, October 15, Israel Radio claimed that the IAF had shot down 15 Egyptian aircraft, a figure later reduced to seven.
Following the war, the EAF concluded that 17 Israeli aircraft had been shot down for the loss of six MiG-21s; three were shot down by Israeli aircraft, two crashed after running out of fuel before the pilots could land, and one was destroyed after sustaining damage from an exploding Israeli Phantom. The pilot of the MiG-21 was Lieutenant Mohamed Adoub who claims to have shot down the Phantom with several bursts of 23 mm cannon fire. His aircraft suffered fatal damage from the debris. Adoub and the Israeli pilot parachuted almost alongside each other. The Israeli pilot, upon landing on the ground, was assailed by angry farmers who nearly killed him, but Adoub stopped them. The Israeli pilot was taken into captivity and hospitalized. In all two Egyptian pilots were killed in action, and the remaining four ejected safely.
The IAF gave up targeting major air bases by October 15, although there was another significant air engagement over the Nile Delta that day.
According to historian Lon Nordeen, the IAF lost only two aircraft on October 14. According to Kenneth Pollack, throughout the war "there were fifty-two major dogfights between the Egyptians and Israelis. In all, the Egyptians succeeded in shooting down 5–8 Israeli aircraft while losing 172 of their own to Israeli fighters". According to Chaim Herzog, a total of 334 Arab aircraft were shot down in air-to-air combat and Egyptian losses accounted for 172 of these. Israeli losses numbered five.
The list of fallen IAF pilots mentions no casualties on October 14.
Commemorations
Egypt's "Air Force Day" was changed from November 2 to October 14 to commemorate the air battle.
References
^ a b c d e f Nicolle, David; Cooper, Tom (2004-05-25). Arab MiG-19 and MiG-21 units in combat. Osprey Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 1-84176-655-0.
^ Battle of el-Mansourah, ACIG, retrieved January 2, 2007
^ a b c d e f Dr. David Nicolle & Sherif Sharmy (September 24, 2003). "Battle of el-Mansourah". Air Combat Information Group (ACIG). Archived from the original on 14 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-01.
^ Saad El Shazly, The Crossing of the Suez p.19
^ Nordeen, Lon (1990-11-14). Fighters Over Israel: The Story of the Israeli Air Force from the War of Independence to the Bekaa Valley (1st ed.). Crown. p. 146. ISBN 0-517-56603-6.
^ Pollack, Kenneth M. (2004-09-01). Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991. Bison Books. p. 124. ISBN 0-8032-8783-6.
^ Herzog, Chaim, The war of Atonement, Little Brown and Company (1975) p.259 ISBN 0-316-35900-9
^ List of Israeli pilots killed in action Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine(in Hebrew)
External links
Battle of el-Mansourah
Gems in the Sky, Al-Ahram newspaper
Mock battle marks Air Force Day, Al-Ahram
31°02′27″N 31°23′02″E / 31.04083°N 31.38389°E / 31.04083; 31.38389
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Israeli aircraft were spotted approaching from the Mediterranean Sea. The 104th Air Wing of the Egyptian air force scrambled its fighters, and received reinforcements from other air bases.[citation needed] The air battle began at 15:15 and lasted 53 minutes. The Egyptian commander was Hosni Mubarak. According to Egyptian sources, multiple Israeli fighters were shot down; this is disputed by Israeli sources.","title":"Air battle of Mansoura"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"SAM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-acig-3"},{"link_name":"MiG-17s","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiG-17"},{"link_name":"Su-7s","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-7"},{"link_name":"Su-20s","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-20"},{"link_name":"Mirage III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirage_III"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nicolle43-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-acig-3"},{"link_name":"Six-Day War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"The 104th Air Wing had three squadrons equipped with MiG-21MF fighters; two squadrons were stationed at Mansoura, tasked with interception and air defense, and the third was stationed at the Tanta air base to defend both air bases. The IAF had made several attacks on the Mansoura air base from October 6 onwards, but failed due to dense Egyptian SAM defenses.[3]At dawn on October 14, when Egyptian forces made their advance towards the Sinai Mitla and Gedy Passes, the ground forces were given ground support by MiG-17s, Su-7s, Su-20s and Mirage III fighter bombers. These in turn were given fighter cover by the 104th's MiG-21s. Although the Egyptian offensive on October 14 was a failure and culminated in heavy losses, the IAF was determined to destroy the 104th Air Wing's capabilities. A massive air strike would be launched against air bases in Salihiya, Mansoura and Tanta.[1][3]In the aftermath of the Six-Day War, when the EAF lost almost all its aircraft on the ground to an Israeli preemptive strike, the Egyptians constructed 500 concrete shelters on 20 major airbases to prevent the aircraft from being destroyed on the ground in a future conflict.[4]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Port Said","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Said"},{"link_name":"Hosni Mubarak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nicolle43-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-acig-3"}],"text":"On October 14, when the Egyptians advanced from their bridgeheads along the Suez Canal, an Israeli air strike was expected to come against the Mansoura air base sooner or later, and consequently a number of MiG-21s were kept at full alert at the end of the runway with their pilots, ready for immediate take-off. As of 15:00, there was still no indication of an impending enemy attack.[citation needed]At 15:15, air observation posts on the Mediterranean Sea notified EAF command that 20 Phantoms were approaching in south-west direction towards the Delta, flying over Port Said. The commander of the EAF, Air Marshal Hosni Mubarak, ordered General Naser to scramble 16 MiG-21s. The EAF command believed the enemy aircraft were only a decoy meant to lure the MiG-21s away from the airbase, so that further waves of aircraft could attack the air base uninterrupted. Hence the fighter pilots were ordered to create a protective umbrella over the air base. Most importantly, they were instructed not to pursue and engage enemy aircraft before they had reached their target.[1]The pilots were puzzled by the order, not knowing the reason behind it, as they expected to immediately engage the enemy after scrambling. 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Mubarak ordered his pilots in the air to intercept them. The 16 MiG-21s forming the air umbrella over Mansoura moved against the Israeli aircraft with the objective of breaking the enemy formations and forcing them to disperse. 16 MiG-21s took off from Mansoura air base to support those in the air, along with eight fighters from Tanta air base, located west of Mansoura. The MiG-21s intercepted the Israeli formation a few dozen kilometers north of Mansoura.[citation needed]At 15:38, Egyptian radar installations informed the EAF command that a second wave of around 16 Israeli aircraft was coming from over the Mediterranean at very low altitude.[citation needed] The Egyptians scrambled a final eight MiG-21s at Mansoura, while eight MiG-21s from the Abu Hamad air base were called upon to assist.[citation needed] The ensuing air battle was intense, involving large numbers of aircraft; at one point, the battle involved 62 MiG-21s and some 120 Phantoms and A-4 Skyhawks.[citation needed] A few Israeli fighter-bombers reached their target and bombed the runway and the air defenses around the air base. While the final eight aircraft from Mansoura took off, Israeli aircraft were approaching to make their bombing run. Nasr Mousa, piloting one of the eight MiG-21s, spotted an Israeli Phantom lining up against him. Mousa made a sudden, hard right-hand turn that put him on the Phantom's tail. He shot down the Phantom with cannon fire, and no parachutes emerged. Medhat 'Arafa, an Egyptian pilot, recalls \"the battle was a frightening sight because I had never seen so many aeroplanes in one area. We were not only dogfighting, but also warning other pilots that they had an enemy on their tail...\" The Israeli Phantoms had to abandon their bomb-loads in order to dogfight with the more maneuverable MiG aircraft. Egyptian pilots had to land their aircraft, re-arm, refuel and take-off again within a period of seven minutes. Take-off usually took three minutes, but according to Naser, the pilots were able to accomplish it in one-and-a-half minutes during the air battle.[1]At 15:52, radars detected another wave of enemy aircraft, estimated to incorporate up to 60 Phantoms and Skyhawks. Eight MiG-21s from 102nd Air Wing were scrambled from Inshas air base, near Cairo. Around 20 MiG-21s that had landed, refueled and re-armed at Mansoura air base were also en route to intercept the Israeli aircraft. An air battle was raging over the Nile Delta village of Dekernis, where Israeli aircraft retreating eastward were being pursued by Egyptian aircraft. A dogfight ensued over this village between the latest Israeli wave and intercepting Egyptian MiG-21s. The commander of this final wave of Israeli aircraft, realizing that the previous waves had failed in their objectives and there were more Egyptian aircraft in the air than expected, decided to withdraw. The last Israeli aircraft left Egyptian airspace at 16:08, and the air battle was over.[3]","title":"Battle"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Suez Canal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canal"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Israel Radio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-acig-3"},{"link_name":"Mohamed Adoub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohamed_Adoub&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nicolle43-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-acig-3"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nicolle43-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nordeen146-5"},{"link_name":"Kenneth Pollack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Pollack"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pollack124-6"},{"link_name":"Chaim Herzog","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Herzog"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"At 22:00 local time Cairo Radio broadcast “Communiqué Number 39”, announcing several air battles that day over a number of Egyptian airfields, the most intensive over the northern Delta area. It claimed that 15 enemy aircraft had been downed by Egyptian fighters for the loss of three Egyptian aircraft, excluding Israeli aircraft shot down near the Suez Canal.[citation needed]The following morning, October 15, Israel Radio claimed that the IAF had shot down 15 Egyptian aircraft, a figure later reduced to seven.[3]Following the war, the EAF concluded that 17 Israeli aircraft had been shot down for the loss of six MiG-21s; three were shot down by Israeli aircraft, two crashed after running out of fuel before the pilots could land, and one was destroyed after sustaining damage from an exploding Israeli Phantom. The pilot of the MiG-21 was Lieutenant Mohamed Adoub who claims to have shot down the Phantom with several bursts of 23 mm cannon fire. His aircraft suffered fatal damage from the debris. Adoub and the Israeli pilot parachuted almost alongside each other. The Israeli pilot, upon landing on the ground, was assailed by angry farmers who nearly killed him, but Adoub stopped them. The Israeli pilot was taken into captivity and hospitalized. In all two Egyptian pilots were killed in action, and the remaining four ejected safely.[1][3]The IAF gave up targeting major air bases by October 15, although there was another significant air engagement over the Nile Delta that day.[1]According to historian Lon Nordeen, the IAF lost only two aircraft on October 14.[5] According to Kenneth Pollack, throughout the war \"there were fifty-two major dogfights between the Egyptians and Israelis. In all, the Egyptians succeeded in shooting down 5–8 Israeli aircraft while losing 172 of their own to Israeli fighters\".[6] According to Chaim Herzog, a total of 334 Arab aircraft were shot down in air-to-air combat and Egyptian losses accounted for 172 of these. Israeli losses numbered five.[7]\nThe list of fallen IAF pilots mentions no casualties on October 14.[8]","title":"Veracity of claims"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Commemorations","text":"Egypt's \"Air Force Day\" was changed from November 2 to October 14 to commemorate the air battle.[citation needed]","title":"Veracity of claims"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Nicolle, David; Cooper, Tom (2004-05-25). Arab MiG-19 and MiG-21 units in combat. Osprey Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 1-84176-655-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-655-0","url_text":"1-84176-655-0"}]},{"reference":"Dr. David Nicolle & Sherif Sharmy (September 24, 2003). \"Battle of el-Mansourah\". Air Combat Information Group (ACIG). Archived from the original on 14 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-01.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_266.shtml","url_text":"\"Battle of el-Mansourah\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090414094408/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_266.shtml","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Nordeen, Lon (1990-11-14). Fighters Over Israel: The Story of the Israeli Air Force from the War of Independence to the Bekaa Valley (1st ed.). Crown. p. 146. ISBN 0-517-56603-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-56603-6","url_text":"0-517-56603-6"}]},{"reference":"Pollack, Kenneth M. (2004-09-01). Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991. Bison Books. p. 124. ISBN 0-8032-8783-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-8783-6","url_text":"0-8032-8783-6"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oley_Speaks
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Oley Speaks
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["1 Biography","2 In the movies","3 Musical works","4 Footnotes","5 References","6 External links"]
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American composer and songwriter
Oley SpeaksBorn(1874-06-28)June 28, 1874Canal Winchester, Ohio, United StatesDiedAugust 7, 1948(1948-08-07) (aged 74)New York City, United StatesGenresArt song, choral musicOccupation(s)Singer, composerInstrument(s)VoiceYears active1898–1944Musical artist
Oley Speaks (June 28, 1874 – August 7, 1948) was an American composer and songwriter. His compositions include many religious songs, as well as his best-known success, "On the Road to Mandalay", which takes its lyrics from the poem "Mandalay" by Rudyard Kipling. The Canal Winchester Area Historical Society Museum has exhibits about the life of Oley Speaks, including original sheet music written by him.
Biography
Town sign in Canal Winchester, Ohio, honoring Oley Speaks
Speaks was born in Canal Winchester, Ohio, the son of a grain merchant and contractor. He was ten when his father Charles W. died, and his mother Sarah and family moved to Columbus soon afterwards. He learned the piano as a boy, and was praised for his baritone voice as early as 1891 by The Columbus Dispatch. In the 1890s he began his career as a railroad clerk at a station in Columbus, Ohio, until he decided to pursue his musical passions. He was developing a reputation as a fine baritone singer in churches in Columbus before he moved to New York City in 1898 and started taking lessons. One of his voice teachers was the American soprano Emma Thursby. Speaks had a successful career as a singer, touring the United States giving recitals and also appearing in oratorios.
Speaks began to write songs, many with religious themes. He studied composition with Will Macfarlane and Max Spicker. In 1907, he wrote "On the Road to Mandalay" using the words of Rudyard Kipling's poem "Mandalay", which sold over one million copies. The song was a popular parlour ballad, particularly in the United Kingdom and British territories worldwide, and was boosted by the recording by Frank Sinatra which was released on the Come Fly with Me album in 1958. However, after some resistance from the Kipling estate over the omission of several verses, this version of the song remained embargoed in the British Commonwealth until it appeared on the digitally-remastered release of the album many years later. Speaks had two further million-selling successes, "Morning" to a lyric by Frank Lebby Stanton in 1910 and "Sylvia" to a lyric by Clinton Scollard in 1914. The American baritone Robert Merrill, the Austrian tenor Richard Tauber, the Swedish tenor Jussi Bjorling and the American singer Nelson Eddy were among the singers who recorded "Sylvia". The Irish tenor John McCormack's recordings of all three famous titles are available on CD. More recently, American baritone Thomas Hampson has also recorded "On the Road to Mandalay".
Speaks was a prominent member of ASCAP, where he was elected director in 1924 and served until 1943. He was also a National Patron of Delta Omicron, an international professional music fraternity.
In the movies
Speaks can be described as a "one-hit wonder", but his most famous work was included in the soundtrack of several films:
Paul Tremaine and His Aristocrats (1929) (sung by Paul Tremaine)
Metro Movietone Revue (1929/II) (sung by George Dewey Washington)
Mandalay (1934) (played during opening credits) (not to be confused with The Road to Mandalay, a 1926 film)
China Seas (1935) (variation played as part of the score during the opening credits and at the end)
Metropolitan (1935) (sung by Lawrence Tibbett with piano accompaniment by Luis Alberni (who both appeared) in the score during the end credits)
They Met in Bombay (1941) (played several times as part of the score)
S.O.B. (1981) Robert Preston sings a few seconds of Mandalay: "And the dawn comes up like thunder..." at 1:46
Musical works
Over 250 songs, originally published by G. Schirmer or The John Church Company, including:
Again the Strains of "Holy Night" (Christmas Carol) (Schirmer)
A Night in June (John Church)
April Rain (Robert Loveman, in Harper's Magazine) (John Church, 1901)
Ashes of Roses (John Church)
A Song of April (John Church)
At Starlight-time (Schirmer)
Back again in Eldon (Schirmer)
The Bells of Youth (Schirmer)
Beloved, It is Morn (Emily Hickey) (John Church, 1906)
Bend low, O dusky night (Schirmer)
By the Waters of Babylon (Psalm cxxxvii, 1-5) (Schirmer and John Church)
Call of the Lark (Schirmer)
Charity (Schirmer, 1911)
Come, Spirit of the Living God (Schirmer)
Day is Dawning (Schirmer)
Day is Dying in the West (Schirmer)
The Elder Blossoms (John Church)
Elysium (Clinton Scollard) (Schirmer, 1913)
Eternity (Schirmer)
The Evening Hour (Schirmer)
An Evening Song (Schirmer)
Everywhere (S. B. Cassin) (John Church, 1907)
Eyes of Blue (John Church)
For a Day (Schirmer)
For Love and Thee (Lucien G. Chaffin) (Schirmer)
For You, Dear Heart (John Church, 1903)
A Garden Idyl (Arthur Wallace Peach) (Schirmer)
Gently, Lord, Oh, Gently Lead Us (Thomas Hastings) (Schirmer, 1914)
Go 'long, chile, to Sleepy-Town (Schirmer)
Greeting (John Church)
Hark! Hark, my Soul! (F. W. Faber) (Schirmer, 1923)
Heaven is my Home (John Church)
Her Rose (Two Love Songs, no. 2) (Jeanie Gallup Mottet) (Schirmer, 1914)
He's Such a Lil' Trouble (John Church)
The Hills of Dawn (Frank L. Stanton) (Schirmer)
The Hills of Kerry (John Church)
His Perfect Love (Schirmer)
How Long Will Thou Forget Me? (Psalm xiii) (Schirmer, 1911)
If I Knew (John Church)
If You Became a Nun, Dear (John Church)
In Heavenly Love Abiding (Schirmer)
In Maytime (Frank L. Stanton) (John Church)
In the End of Sabbath (Easter Song) (Schirmer)
It Came Upon the Midnight Clear (Christmas Song) (Schirmer)
The Joys of June (Schirmer)
June-Time (Schirmer)
The King of Love My Shepherd Is (John Church)
The Lamp in the West (Schirmer)
The Lane to Ballybree (Katherine Edelman) (Schirmer, 1921)
The Lassie I Love Best (Schirmer)
Let Not Your Heart be Troubled (John xiv: 27) (Schirmer, 1919)
Life (John Church)
Life's Joys (Schirmer)
Life's Twilight (A love song) (Schirmer)
Light at Evening-Time (Schirmer)
The Little Christ is Coming Down (Christmas Carol) (Schirmer)
Little House o' Dreams (Schirmer)
Little One A'cryin' (John Church)
A Little Way to Walk with You (Schirmer)
Long Ago (John Church)
The Lord is my Light (Psalm 27) (Schirmer, 1913)
Love of Yesteryear (Schirmer)
A Lover's Song (Schirmer)
Memories (John Church)
Memory of You (Schirmer)
A Message (Schirmer)
Morning (Frank L. Stanton) (Schirmer, 1910, T.I.S. reprint 1998)
Mother (Schirmer)
My Homeland (Schirmer)
Never a Winter but Sang of May (John Church)
The Night has a Thousand Eyes (John Church)
Now the Day is Over (Schirmer)
Ohio (Schirmer)
O Master, Let me Walk with Thee (Schirmer)
On the Road to Mandalay (Rudyard Kipling) (John Church, 1907)
O That We Two were Maying (John Church)
Out in the Blossoms (John Church)
Over the Hills and Home Again (Schirmer)
Pegging Along (Leslie Alan Taylor) (Schirmer, 1920)
The Pilgrim (John Church)
The Prayer Perfect (James Whitcomb Riley) (Schirmer, 1930)
The Quiet Road (Schirmer)
Rainbow-land (Schirmer)
Realization (Schirmer)
Reveries (Irene Stiles) (Schirmer)
Roses After Rain (John Church)
Saviour, Breathe an Evening Blessing (Schirmer)
The Secret (Anonymous) (Schirmer, 1918)
Serenade (Schirmer)
Since Love Led Me to You (John Church)
Since We Parted (John Church)
Softly Now the Light of Day (Schirmer)
Some Sweet Day (Schirmer)
A Song of Gladness (Schirmer)
Song of Spring (Schirmer)
Song of Waiting (Schirmer)
Star-eyes (Schirmer)
The Star of hope (A Christ-child legend, Christmas Song) (Schirmer)
Still, Still with Thee (Harriet Beecher Stowe) (John Church)
Summer in the heart (Schirmer)
Summer Skies (John Church)
Summertime's Song (John Church)
Sunshine and Happiness (Schirmer)
The Sweet Story of Old (Schirmer)
Sylvia (C. Scollard) (Schirmer, 1914)
There's a Song in the Air (Christmas Song) (Schirmer)
The Thought of You (Schirmer)
Thou Wilt Keep Him in Perfect Peace (Isiah 26:3, Psalm 139:11) (Schirmer, 1913)
Thy Will Be Done (John Church)
To One Unknown (Schirmer)
Toward the Sunrise (Schirmer)
To you (M.B. Gannon) (Schirmer, 1910)
Twilight and Dawn (Schirmer)
Under the Wide and Starry Sky (John Church)
The Vagabond (Schirmer)
Were I a King! (Schirmer)
When All the Bonny Birds (Schirmer)
When Gazing in Thine Eyes So Dear (John Church)
When June Days Come Again (Two Love Songs, no. 1) (Schirmer)
When Love is Gone (John Church)
When Mabel Sings (Frank L. Stanton) (John Church, 1902)
When Stars are in the Quiet Skies (John Church)
When the Boys Come Home (A martial melody) (J. Hay) (Schirmer, 1911)
Where the Heart Is (John Church,1906)
Where You, Beloved, Are (Schirmer)
With Dreams of May (John Church)
Your Smile (Schirmer)
Sacred Anthems, including:
Gently, Lord, Oh, Gently Lead Us (Thomas Hastings, arr. Lucien Chaffin) (Schirmer, 1914)
Now the Day is Over (Schirmer)
Choral Partsongs, including:
In Maytime (Frank L. Stanton) (John Church)
Footnotes
^ a b c "Oley Speaks - Biography". IMDb.com.
^ "Ohio USGenWeb, Franklin County - Historical & Genealogical Organizations". sites.rootsweb.com.
^ a b c Echols, New Grove American, v. IV, p. 280
^ "Oley Speaks". Nfo.net.
^ a b Villamil, p. 347
^ "MR. OLEY SPEAKS'S RECITAL". Nytimes.com. May 3, 1903.
^ "Sheet Music Downloads & Books". Musicnotes.com.
^ Henrysson, Harald, 1993, A Jussi Björling Phonography. Second ed. Stockholm: Svenskt Musikhistoriskt Arkiv, p. 356. ISBN 91-85172-10-3.
^ EMI CD 7-54051-2, Villamil, p. 347
^ "Delta Omicron". Archived from the original on January 27, 2010.
^ "Paul Tremaine and His Aristocrats (Short 1929) - Soundtracks". IMDb.com.
^ "Metro Movietone Revue (Short 1929) - Soundtracks". IMDb.com.
^ "Mandalay (1934) - Soundtracks". IMDb.com.
^ "China Seas (1935) - Soundtracks". IMDb.com.
^ "Metropolitan (1935) - Soundtracks". IMDb.com.
^ "They Met in Bombay (1941) - Soundtracks". IMDb.com.
^ Echols, New Grove online
^ "Oley Speaks (1874 - 1948)". Urresearch.rochester.edu.
References
Carman, Judith E, ed. (2001). Art Song in the United States, 1759-1999: An Annotated Bibliography (Third ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4137-1.
Echols, Paul C. (1986), "Speaks, Oley", in Hitchcock, H. Wiley and Stanley Sadie (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of American Music, vol. IV, London: Macmillan Press, p. 280, ISBN 0-943818-36-2
Echols, Paul C. (2001). "Speaks, Oley". In Sadie, Stanley; Tyrrell, John (eds.). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5.
Villamil, Victoria Etnier (2004). A Singer's Guide to American Art Song, 1870-1980. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-5217-9.
External links
Canal Winchester Area Historical Society
Derek B Scott sings "On the Road to Mandalay" (1907)
Oley Speaks at Naxos Records
"Morning" on YouTube by Frank Lebby Stanton & Oley Speaks as sung by Eleanor Steber
"Morning" on YouTube by Frank Lebby Stanton & Oley Speaks as sung by Tessa Folch
"Morning" on YouTube by Frank Lebby Stanton & Oley Speaks as sung by Webster Booth
Free Oley Speaks sheet music from the Ball State University Digital Media Repository
Authority control databases International
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"composer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composer"},{"link_name":"songwriter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songwriter"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Oley_Speaks_at_IMDb-1"},{"link_name":"On the Road to Mandalay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Road_to_Mandalay_(song)"},{"link_name":"Mandalay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandalay_(poem)"},{"link_name":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling"},{"link_name":"sheet music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheet_music"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Musical artistOley Speaks (June 28, 1874 – August 7, 1948) was an American composer and songwriter.[1] His compositions include many religious songs, as well as his best-known success, \"On the Road to Mandalay\", which takes its lyrics from the poem \"Mandalay\" by Rudyard Kipling. The Canal Winchester Area Historical Society Museum has exhibits about the life of Oley Speaks, including original sheet music written by him.[2]","title":"Oley Speaks"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CanalWinOHsign.jpg"},{"link_name":"Canal Winchester, Ohio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_Winchester,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"grain merchant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_trade"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Echols-3"},{"link_name":"Columbus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Echols-3"},{"link_name":"piano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano"},{"link_name":"baritone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baritone"},{"link_name":"The Columbus Dispatch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Columbus_Dispatch"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Echols-3"},{"link_name":"Columbus, Ohio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"New York City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"soprano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soprano"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Villamil,_p._347-5"},{"link_name":"recitals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recital"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"oratorios","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oratorio"},{"link_name":"religious","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Max Spicker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Spicker"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Villamil,_p._347-5"},{"link_name":"On the Road to Mandalay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Road_to_Mandalay_(song)"},{"link_name":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling"},{"link_name":"Mandalay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandalay_(poem)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Oley_Speaks_at_IMDb-1"},{"link_name":"ballad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballad"},{"link_name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"recording","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramophone_record"},{"link_name":"Frank Sinatra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sinatra"},{"link_name":"Come Fly with Me","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come_Fly_with_Me_(Frank_Sinatra_album)"},{"link_name":"Commonwealth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations"},{"link_name":"digitally-remastered","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remaster"},{"link_name":"lyric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyrics"},{"link_name":"Frank Lebby Stanton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lebby_Stanton"},{"link_name":"Clinton Scollard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_Scollard"},{"link_name":"baritone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baritone"},{"link_name":"Robert Merrill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Merrill"},{"link_name":"Richard Tauber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Tauber"},{"link_name":"Jussi Bjorling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jussi_Bjorling"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Nelson Eddy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Eddy"},{"link_name":"Irish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland"},{"link_name":"tenor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenor"},{"link_name":"John McCormack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCormack_(tenor)"},{"link_name":"CD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_Disc"},{"link_name":"baritone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baritone"},{"link_name":"Thomas Hampson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hampson_(baritone)"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"ASCAP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCAP"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Oley_Speaks_at_IMDb-1"},{"link_name":"Delta Omicron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Omicron"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"Town sign in Canal Winchester, Ohio, honoring Oley SpeaksSpeaks was born in Canal Winchester, Ohio, the son of a grain merchant and contractor.[3] He was ten when his father Charles W. died, and his mother Sarah and family moved to Columbus soon afterwards.[3] He learned the piano as a boy, and was praised for his baritone voice as early as 1891 by The Columbus Dispatch.[3] In the 1890s he began his career as a railroad clerk at a station in Columbus, Ohio,[4] until he decided to pursue his musical passions. He was developing a reputation as a fine baritone singer in churches in Columbus before he moved to New York City in 1898 and started taking lessons. One of his voice teachers was the American soprano Emma Thursby.[5] Speaks had a successful career as a singer, touring the United States giving recitals[6] and also appearing in oratorios.Speaks began to write songs, many with religious themes.[7] He studied composition with Will Macfarlane and Max Spicker.[5] In 1907, he wrote \"On the Road to Mandalay\" using the words of Rudyard Kipling's poem \"Mandalay\", which sold over one million copies.[1] The song was a popular parlour ballad, particularly in the United Kingdom and British territories worldwide, and was boosted by the recording by Frank Sinatra which was released on the Come Fly with Me album in 1958. However, after some resistance from the Kipling estate over the omission of several verses, this version of the song remained embargoed in the British Commonwealth until it appeared on the digitally-remastered release of the album many years later. Speaks had two further million-selling successes, \"Morning\" to a lyric by Frank Lebby Stanton in 1910 and \"Sylvia\" to a lyric by Clinton Scollard in 1914. The American baritone Robert Merrill, the Austrian tenor Richard Tauber, the Swedish tenor Jussi Bjorling[8] and the American singer Nelson Eddy were among the singers who recorded \"Sylvia\". The Irish tenor John McCormack's recordings of all three famous titles are available on CD. More recently, American baritone Thomas Hampson has also recorded \"On the Road to Mandalay\".[9]Speaks was a prominent member of ASCAP, where he was elected director in 1924 and served until 1943.[1] He was also a National Patron of Delta Omicron, an international professional music fraternity.[10]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"one-hit wonder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-hit_wonder"},{"link_name":"soundtrack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundtrack"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"George Dewey Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Dewey_Washington"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"The Road to Mandalay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Road_to_Mandalay_(1926_film)"},{"link_name":"China Seas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Seas_(film)"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Metropolitan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_(1935_film)"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Lawrence Tibbett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Tibbett"},{"link_name":"Luis Alberni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Alberni"},{"link_name":"They Met in Bombay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/They_Met_in_Bombay"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"text":"Speaks can be described as a \"one-hit wonder\", but his most famous work was included in the soundtrack of several films:Paul Tremaine and His Aristocrats (1929)[11] (sung by Paul Tremaine)\nMetro Movietone Revue (1929/II)[12] (sung by George Dewey Washington)\nMandalay (1934) [13] (played during opening credits) (not to be confused with The Road to Mandalay, a 1926 film)\nChina Seas (1935)[14] (variation played as part of the score during the opening credits and at the end)\nMetropolitan (1935)[15] (sung by Lawrence Tibbett with piano accompaniment by Luis Alberni (who both appeared) in the score during the end credits)\nThey Met in Bombay (1941)[16] (played several times as part of the score)S.O.B. (1981) Robert Preston sings a few seconds of Mandalay: \"And the dawn comes up like thunder...\" at 1:46","title":"In the movies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"G. Schirmer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._Schirmer"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Harper's Magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine"},{"link_name":"Emily Hickey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Henrietta_Hickey"},{"link_name":"Thomas Hastings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hastings_(composer)"},{"link_name":"Frank L. Stanton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lebby_Stanton"},{"link_name":"Frank L. Stanton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lebby_Stanton"},{"link_name":"The King of Love My Shepherd Is","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_King_of_Love_My_Shepherd_Is"},{"link_name":"Frank L. Stanton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lebby_Stanton"},{"link_name":"Rudyard Kipling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling"},{"link_name":"James Whitcomb Riley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Whitcomb_Riley"},{"link_name":"Harriet Beecher Stowe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe"},{"link_name":"Frank L. Stanton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lebby_Stanton"},{"link_name":"Thomas Hastings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hastings_(composer)"}],"text":"Over 250 songs,[17] originally published by G. Schirmer or The John Church Company,[18] including:Again the Strains of \"Holy Night\" (Christmas Carol) (Schirmer)\nA Night in June (John Church)\nApril Rain (Robert Loveman, in Harper's Magazine) (John Church, 1901)\nAshes of Roses (John Church)\nA Song of April (John Church)\nAt Starlight-time (Schirmer)\nBack again in Eldon (Schirmer)\nThe Bells of Youth (Schirmer)\nBeloved, It is Morn (Emily Hickey) (John Church, 1906)\nBend low, O dusky night (Schirmer)\nBy the Waters of Babylon (Psalm cxxxvii, 1-5) (Schirmer and John Church)\nCall of the Lark (Schirmer)\nCharity (Schirmer, 1911)\nCome, Spirit of the Living God (Schirmer)\nDay is Dawning (Schirmer)\nDay is Dying in the West (Schirmer)\nThe Elder Blossoms (John Church)\nElysium (Clinton Scollard) (Schirmer, 1913)\nEternity (Schirmer)\nThe Evening Hour (Schirmer)\nAn Evening Song (Schirmer)\nEverywhere (S. B. Cassin) (John Church, 1907)\nEyes of Blue (John Church)\nFor a Day (Schirmer)\nFor Love and Thee (Lucien G. Chaffin) (Schirmer)\nFor You, Dear Heart (John Church, 1903)\nA Garden Idyl (Arthur Wallace Peach) (Schirmer)\nGently, Lord, Oh, Gently Lead Us (Thomas Hastings) (Schirmer, 1914)\nGo 'long, chile, to Sleepy-Town (Schirmer)\nGreeting (John Church)\nHark! Hark, my Soul! (F. W. Faber) (Schirmer, 1923)\nHeaven is my Home (John Church)\nHer Rose (Two Love Songs, no. 2) (Jeanie Gallup Mottet) (Schirmer, 1914)\nHe's Such a Lil' Trouble (John Church)\nThe Hills of Dawn (Frank L. Stanton) (Schirmer)\nThe Hills of Kerry (John Church)\nHis Perfect Love (Schirmer)\nHow Long Will Thou Forget Me? (Psalm xiii) (Schirmer, 1911)\nIf I Knew (John Church)\nIf You Became a Nun, Dear (John Church)\nIn Heavenly Love Abiding (Schirmer)\nIn Maytime (Frank L. Stanton) (John Church)\nIn the End of Sabbath (Easter Song) (Schirmer)\nIt Came Upon the Midnight Clear (Christmas Song) (Schirmer)\nThe Joys of June (Schirmer)\nJune-Time (Schirmer)\nThe King of Love My Shepherd Is (John Church)\nThe Lamp in the West (Schirmer)\nThe Lane to Ballybree (Katherine Edelman) (Schirmer, 1921)\nThe Lassie I Love Best (Schirmer)\nLet Not Your Heart be Troubled (John xiv: 27) (Schirmer, 1919)\nLife (John Church)\nLife's Joys (Schirmer)\nLife's Twilight (A love song) (Schirmer)\nLight at Evening-Time (Schirmer)\nThe Little Christ is Coming Down (Christmas Carol) (Schirmer)\nLittle House o' Dreams (Schirmer)\nLittle One A'cryin' (John Church)\nA Little Way to Walk with You (Schirmer)\nLong Ago (John Church)\nThe Lord is my Light (Psalm 27) (Schirmer, 1913)\nLove of Yesteryear (Schirmer)\nA Lover's Song (Schirmer)\nMemories (John Church)\nMemory of You (Schirmer)\nA Message (Schirmer)\nMorning (Frank L. Stanton) (Schirmer, 1910, T.I.S. reprint 1998)\nMother (Schirmer)\nMy Homeland (Schirmer)\nNever a Winter but Sang of May (John Church)\nThe Night has a Thousand Eyes (John Church)\nNow the Day is Over (Schirmer)\nOhio (Schirmer)\nO Master, Let me Walk with Thee (Schirmer)\nOn the Road to Mandalay (Rudyard Kipling) (John Church, 1907)\nO That We Two were Maying (John Church)\nOut in the Blossoms (John Church)\nOver the Hills and Home Again (Schirmer)\nPegging Along (Leslie Alan Taylor) (Schirmer, 1920)\nThe Pilgrim (John Church)\nThe Prayer Perfect (James Whitcomb Riley) (Schirmer, 1930)\nThe Quiet Road (Schirmer)\nRainbow-land (Schirmer)\nRealization (Schirmer)\nReveries (Irene Stiles) (Schirmer)\nRoses After Rain (John Church)\nSaviour, Breathe an Evening Blessing (Schirmer)\nThe Secret (Anonymous) (Schirmer, 1918)\nSerenade (Schirmer)\nSince Love Led Me to You (John Church)\nSince We Parted (John Church)\nSoftly Now the Light of Day (Schirmer)\nSome Sweet Day (Schirmer)\nA Song of Gladness (Schirmer)\nSong of Spring (Schirmer)\nSong of Waiting (Schirmer)\nStar-eyes (Schirmer)\nThe Star of hope (A Christ-child legend, Christmas Song) (Schirmer)\nStill, Still with Thee (Harriet Beecher Stowe) (John Church)\nSummer in the heart (Schirmer)\nSummer Skies (John Church)\nSummertime's Song (John Church)\nSunshine and Happiness (Schirmer)\nThe Sweet Story of Old (Schirmer)\nSylvia (C. Scollard) (Schirmer, 1914)\nThere's a Song in the Air (Christmas Song) (Schirmer)\nThe Thought of You (Schirmer)\nThou Wilt Keep Him in Perfect Peace (Isiah 26:3, Psalm 139:11) (Schirmer, 1913)\nThy Will Be Done (John Church)\nTo One Unknown (Schirmer)\nToward the Sunrise (Schirmer)\nTo you (M.B. Gannon) (Schirmer, 1910)\nTwilight and Dawn (Schirmer)\nUnder the Wide and Starry Sky (John Church)\nThe Vagabond (Schirmer)\nWere I a King! (Schirmer)\nWhen All the Bonny Birds (Schirmer)\nWhen Gazing in Thine Eyes So Dear (John Church)\nWhen June Days Come Again (Two Love Songs, no. 1) (Schirmer)\nWhen Love is Gone (John Church)\nWhen Mabel Sings (Frank L. Stanton) (John Church, 1902)\nWhen Stars are in the Quiet Skies (John Church)\nWhen the Boys Come Home (A martial melody) (J. Hay) (Schirmer, 1911)\nWhere the Heart Is (John Church,1906)\nWhere You, Beloved, Are (Schirmer)\nWith Dreams of May (John Church)\nYour Smile (Schirmer)Sacred Anthems, including:Gently, Lord, Oh, Gently Lead Us (Thomas Hastings, arr. Lucien Chaffin) (Schirmer, 1914)\nNow the Day is Over (Schirmer)Choral Partsongs, including:In Maytime (Frank L. Stanton) (John Church)","title":"Musical works"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Oley_Speaks_at_IMDb_1-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Oley_Speaks_at_IMDb_1-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Oley_Speaks_at_IMDb_1-2"},{"link_name":"\"Oley Speaks - Biography\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.imdb.com/name/nm1672696/bio/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"\"Ohio USGenWeb, Franklin County - Historical & Genealogical Organizations\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//sites.rootsweb.com/~ohfrankl/Franklin/hissoc.html"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Echols_3-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Echols_3-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Echols_3-2"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-4"},{"link_name":"\"Oley Speaks\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.nfo.net/cal/ts8.html"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Villamil,_p._347_5-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Villamil,_p._347_5-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-6"},{"link_name":"\"MR. OLEY SPEAKS'S RECITAL\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.nytimes.com/1903/05/03/archives/mr-oley-speakss-recital.html"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-7"},{"link_name":"\"Sheet Music Downloads & Books\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.musicnotes.com/sheetmusic/book.asp?ppn=BKHL50274530"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-8"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"91-85172-10-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-85172-10-3"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-9"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-10"},{"link_name":"\"Delta Omicron\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20100127130549/http://delta-omicron.org/index00.html"},{"link_name":"the original","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//delta-omicron.org/index00.html"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-11"},{"link_name":"\"Paul Tremaine and His Aristocrats (Short 1929) - Soundtracks\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.imdb.com/title/tt0430452/soundtrack/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-12"},{"link_name":"\"Metro Movietone Revue (Short 1929) - Soundtracks\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.imdb.com/title/tt1210826/soundtrack/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-13"},{"link_name":"\"Mandalay (1934) - Soundtracks\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.imdb.com/title/tt0025461/soundtrack/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-14"},{"link_name":"\"China Seas (1935) - Soundtracks\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.imdb.com/title/tt0026205/soundtrack/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-15"},{"link_name":"\"Metropolitan (1935) - Soundtracks\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.imdb.com/title/tt0026705/soundtrack/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-16"},{"link_name":"\"They Met in Bombay (1941) - Soundtracks\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.imdb.com/title/tt0034281/soundtrack/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-17"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-18"},{"link_name":"\"Oley Speaks (1874 - 1948)\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//urresearch.rochester.edu/viewContributorPage.action;jsessionid=642CF1ED2BB08653358692AC4720BE79?personNameId=2801"}],"text":"^ a b c \"Oley Speaks - Biography\". IMDb.com.\n\n^ \"Ohio USGenWeb, Franklin County - Historical & Genealogical Organizations\". sites.rootsweb.com.\n\n^ a b c Echols, New Grove American, v. IV, p. 280\n\n^ \"Oley Speaks\". Nfo.net.\n\n^ a b Villamil, p. 347\n\n^ \"MR. OLEY SPEAKS'S RECITAL\". Nytimes.com. May 3, 1903.\n\n^ \"Sheet Music Downloads & Books\". Musicnotes.com.\n\n^ Henrysson, Harald, 1993, A Jussi Björling Phonography. Second ed. Stockholm: Svenskt Musikhistoriskt Arkiv, p. 356. ISBN 91-85172-10-3.\n\n^ EMI CD 7-54051-2, Villamil, p. 347\n\n^ \"Delta Omicron\". Archived from the original on January 27, 2010.\n\n^ \"Paul Tremaine and His Aristocrats (Short 1929) - Soundtracks\". IMDb.com.\n\n^ \"Metro Movietone Revue (Short 1929) - Soundtracks\". IMDb.com.\n\n^ \"Mandalay (1934) - Soundtracks\". IMDb.com.\n\n^ \"China Seas (1935) - Soundtracks\". IMDb.com.\n\n^ \"Metropolitan (1935) - Soundtracks\". IMDb.com.\n\n^ \"They Met in Bombay (1941) - Soundtracks\". IMDb.com.\n\n^ Echols, New Grove online\n\n^ \"Oley Speaks (1874 - 1948)\". Urresearch.rochester.edu.","title":"Footnotes"}]
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[{"image_text":"Town sign in Canal Winchester, Ohio, honoring Oley Speaks","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CanalWinOHsign.jpg/220px-CanalWinOHsign.jpg"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Oley Speaks - Biography\". IMDb.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1672696/bio/","url_text":"\"Oley Speaks - Biography\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ohio USGenWeb, Franklin County - Historical & Genealogical Organizations\". sites.rootsweb.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://sites.rootsweb.com/~ohfrankl/Franklin/hissoc.html","url_text":"\"Ohio USGenWeb, Franklin County - Historical & Genealogical Organizations\""}]},{"reference":"\"Oley Speaks\". Nfo.net.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nfo.net/cal/ts8.html","url_text":"\"Oley Speaks\""}]},{"reference":"\"MR. OLEY SPEAKS'S RECITAL\". Nytimes.com. May 3, 1903.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1903/05/03/archives/mr-oley-speakss-recital.html","url_text":"\"MR. OLEY SPEAKS'S RECITAL\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sheet Music Downloads & Books\". Musicnotes.com.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.musicnotes.com/sheetmusic/book.asp?ppn=BKHL50274530","url_text":"\"Sheet Music Downloads & Books\""}]},{"reference":"\"Delta Omicron\". Archived from the original on January 27, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100127130549/http://delta-omicron.org/index00.html","url_text":"\"Delta Omicron\""},{"url":"http://delta-omicron.org/index00.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Paul Tremaine and His Aristocrats (Short 1929) - Soundtracks\". IMDb.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0430452/soundtrack/","url_text":"\"Paul Tremaine and His Aristocrats (Short 1929) - Soundtracks\""}]},{"reference":"\"Metro Movietone Revue (Short 1929) - Soundtracks\". IMDb.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1210826/soundtrack/","url_text":"\"Metro Movietone Revue (Short 1929) - Soundtracks\""}]},{"reference":"\"Mandalay (1934) - Soundtracks\". IMDb.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0025461/soundtrack/","url_text":"\"Mandalay (1934) - Soundtracks\""}]},{"reference":"\"China Seas (1935) - Soundtracks\". IMDb.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0026205/soundtrack/","url_text":"\"China Seas (1935) - Soundtracks\""}]},{"reference":"\"Metropolitan (1935) - Soundtracks\". IMDb.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0026705/soundtrack/","url_text":"\"Metropolitan (1935) - Soundtracks\""}]},{"reference":"\"They Met in Bombay (1941) - Soundtracks\". IMDb.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0034281/soundtrack/","url_text":"\"They Met in Bombay (1941) - Soundtracks\""}]},{"reference":"\"Oley Speaks (1874 - 1948)\". Urresearch.rochester.edu.","urls":[{"url":"https://urresearch.rochester.edu/viewContributorPage.action;jsessionid=642CF1ED2BB08653358692AC4720BE79?personNameId=2801","url_text":"\"Oley Speaks (1874 - 1948)\""}]},{"reference":"Carman, Judith E, ed. (2001). Art Song in the United States, 1759-1999: An Annotated Bibliography (Third ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4137-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-4137-1","url_text":"0-8108-4137-1"}]},{"reference":"Echols, Paul C. (1986), \"Speaks, Oley\", in Hitchcock, H. Wiley and Stanley Sadie (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of American Music, vol. IV, London: Macmillan Press, p. 280, ISBN 0-943818-36-2","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/newgrovedictiona0000unse/page/280","url_text":"The New Grove Dictionary of American Music"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/newgrovedictiona0000unse/page/280","url_text":"280"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-943818-36-2","url_text":"0-943818-36-2"}]},{"reference":"Echols, Paul C. (2001). \"Speaks, Oley\". In Sadie, Stanley; Tyrrell, John (eds.). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Sadie","url_text":"Sadie, Stanley"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(musicologist)","url_text":"Tyrrell, John"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians","url_text":"The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers","url_text":"Macmillan Publishers"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-239-5","url_text":"978-1-56159-239-5"}]},{"reference":"Villamil, Victoria Etnier (2004). A Singer's Guide to American Art Song, 1870-1980. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-5217-9.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-5217-9","url_text":"0-8108-5217-9"}]}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Wimbledon_F.C._season
|
2003–04 Wimbledon F.C. season
|
["1 Season summary","2 Final league table","3 Results","3.1 Legend","3.2 Football League First Division","3.3 FA Cup","3.4 League Cup","4 Players","4.1 First-team squad","4.2 Left club during season","5 References","6 Notes"]
|
Wimbledon 2003–04 football seasonWimbledon2003–04 seasonChairmanPete WinkelmanManagerStuart MurdochStadiumSelhurst Park (until September)National Hockey Stadium (from September)First Division24th (relegated)FA CupFourth roundLeague CupFirst roundTop goalscorerAgyemang (6)Average home league attendance4,750← 2002–03
During the 2003–04 English football season, Wimbledon F.C. competed in the First Division. This was Wimbledon's last season before changing its club name to Milton Keynes Dons after being given permission by the Football League.
Season summary
Wimbledon entered administration in June 2003, and played their first match at the National Hockey Stadium in Milton Keynes in September. Although crowds improved at the club's new base, the administrator sold any player who could command a transfer fee and Murdoch's team finished bottom. The club was brought out of administration at the end of the season, and subsequently reformed as Milton Keynes Dons.
Final league table
Main article: 2003–04 Football League
Pos
Teamvte
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Promotion, qualification or relegation
20
Derby County
46
13
13
20
53
67
−14
52
21
Gillingham
46
14
9
23
48
67
−19
51
22
Walsall (R)
46
13
12
21
45
65
−20
51
Relegation to Football League One
23
Bradford City (R)
46
10
6
30
38
69
−31
36
24
Wimbledon (R)
46
8
5
33
41
89
−48
29
Renamed Milton Keynes Dons in Football League One
Source: SoccerwayRules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.(R) Relegated
Results
Wimbledon's score comes first
Legend
Win
Draw
Loss
Football League First Division
Date
Opponent
Venue
Result
Attendance
Scorers
9 August 2003
Crewe Alexandra
H
3–1
1,145
Agyemang, Tapp, Reo-Coker
16 August 2003
Stoke City
A
1–2
12,550
Agyemang
23 August 2003
Crystal Palace
H
1–3
6,113
Reo-Coker
26 August 2003
Norwich City
A
2–3
16,082
Holdsworth, Leigertwood
30 August 2003
Reading
H
0–3
2,066
13 September 2003
Wigan Athletic
H
2–4
1,054
Agyemang, McAnuff
16 September 2003
Millwall
A
0–2
7,855
20 September 2003
Ipswich Town
A
1–4
23,428
Agyemang
27 September 2003
Burnley
H
2–2
5,639
Holdsworth, Agyemang
30 September 2003
Sheffield United
H
1–2
6,016
Nowland
4 October 2003
Preston North End
A
0–1
13,801
15 October 2003
Coventry City
A
0–1
10,872
18 October 2003
Nottingham Forest
A
0–6
23,520
21 October 2003
West Bromwich Albion
A
1–0
22,048
McAnuff
25 October 2003
Watford
H
1–3
6,115
Leigertwood
1 November 2003
Bradford City
H
2–1
3,334
Small, Reo-Coker
8 November 2003
Rotherham United
H
1–3
5,777
Nowland
15 November 2003
Gillingham
A
2–1
9,061
Nowland, Agyemang
22 November 2003
Cardiff City
H
0–1
5,056
25 November 2003
West Ham United
H
1–1
8,118
McAnuff
29 November 2003
Derby County
A
1–3
22,025
Reo-Coker
6 December 2003
Rotherham United
H
1–2
3,061
Holdsworth (pen)
13 December 2003
Walsall
H
0–1
3,315
20 December 2003
Sunderland
A
1–2
22,334
Thirlwell (own goal)
26 December 2003
Reading
A
3–0
14,486
Small, Lewington, McAnuff
30 December 2003
West Bromwich Albion
H
0–0
6,376
10 January 2004
Crewe Alexandra
A
0–1
6,234
17 January 2004
Stoke City
H
0–1
3,623
31 January 2004
Crystal Palace
A
1–3
20,552
McAnuff
7 February 2004
Norwich City
H
0–1
7,368
21 February 2004
Coventry City
H
0–3
5,905
28 February 2004
Watford
A
0–4
15,323
2 March 2004
Nottingham Forest
H
0–1
6,317
9 March 2004
West Ham United
A
0–5
29,818
13 March 2004
Walsall
A
0–1
6,889
24 March 2004
Millwall
H
0–1
3,037
27 March 2004
Ipswich Town
H
1–2
6,389
Smith
3 April 2004
Wigan Athletic
A
1–0
7,622
Chorley
6 April 2004
Sunderland
H
1–2
4,800
Kamara
10 April 2004
Preston North End
H
3–3
2,866
Gray (2), Chorley
12 April 2004
Sheffield United
A
1–2
19,391
Gray (pen)
17 April 2004
Bradford City
A
3–2
9,011
Kamara, Smith, Gray
20 April 2004
Burnley
A
0–2
13,555
24 April 2004
Gillingham
H
1–2
5,049
Smith
1 May 2004
Cardiff City
A
1–1
15,337
Williams
9 May 2004
Derby County
H
1–0
6,509
Darlington
FA Cup
Main article: 2003–04 FA Cup
Round
Date
Opponent
Venue
Result
Attendance
Goalscorers
R3
3 January 2004
Stoke City
H
1–1
3,609
Nowland
R3R
13 January 2004
Stoke City
A
1–0
6,463
Nowland
R4
24 January 2004
Birmingham City
A
0–1
22,159
League Cup
Main article: 2003–04 Football League Cup
Round
Date
Opponent
Venue
Result
Attendance
Goalscorers
R1
12 August 2003
Wycombe Wanderers
A
0–2
1,986
Players
First-team squad
Squad at end of season
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
No.
Pos.
Nation
Player
1
GK
ENG
Scott Bevan
3
DF
ENG
Peter Hawkins
4
MF
ENG
Nick McKoy
5
DF
NIR
Mark Williams
6
DF
ENG
Darren Holloway
7
DF
FRA
Harry Ntimban-Zeh
8
MF
ENG
Wade Small
10
FW
ENG
Dean Holdsworth
12
GK
ENG
David Martin
14
FW
ENG
Lionel Morgan
15
MF
SLE
Albert Jarrett
16
FW
ENG
Jamie Mackie
17
DF
NGA
Shola Oyedele
No.
Pos.
Nation
Player
18
FW
ENG
Wayne Gray
19
DF
ENG
Ben Chorley
20
MF
ENG
Gary Smith (on loan from Middlesbrough)
21
DF
GER
Nico Herzig
22
DF
ENG
Rob Gier
23
MF
ENG
Alex Tapp
24
DF
ENG
Jermaine Darlington
25
DF
ENG
Dean Lewington
26
MF
ENG
Jason Puncheon
27
MF
ENG
Michael Gordon
28
MF
ENG
Malvin Kamara
29
MF
ENG
Ben Harding
30
GK
WAL
Lee Worgan
Left club during season
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
No.
Pos.
Nation
Player
1
GK
ENG
Steve Banks (to Gillingham)
2
DF
ENG
Warren Barton (retired)
7
MF
JAM
Jobi McAnuff (to West Ham United)
7
MF
ENG
Jamal Campbell-Ryce (on loan from Charlton Athletic)
9
FW
AUS
Scott McDonald (to Motherwell)
11
FW
GHA
Patrick Agyemang (to Gillingham)
No.
Pos.
Nation
Player
13
GK
ENG
Paul Heald (retired)
17
MF
ENG
Adam Nowland (to West Ham United)
20
DF
ENG
Mikele Leigertwood (to Crystal Palace)
26
MF
ENG
Nigel Reo-Coker (to West Ham United)
30
GK
ENG
Shane Gore (to Barnet)
References
^ "Wimbledon go into administration". The Daily Telegraph. London. 6 June 2003. Retrieved 5 June 2009.
^ Pryce, Robert (29 September 2003). "Wimbledon's happy ending is pure Hollywood". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
^ Milledge, Adrian (7 April 2004). "Wimbledon fall through trap-door". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
^ "Wimbledon to change name". BBC. 21 June 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2009.
^ "Wimbledon become MK Dons FC". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. 21 June 2004. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
^ "FootballSquads - Wimbledon - 2003/04".
Notes
^ Williams was born in Stalybridge, England, but also qualified to represent Northern Ireland internationally and made his international debut for Northern Ireland in 1999.
^ Mackie was born in Dorking, England, but also qualified to represent Scotland internationally through his grandfather and made his international debut for Scotland in October 2010.
^ Gier was born in Ascot, England, but also qualified to represent the Philippines internationally through his mother and made his international debut for the Philippines in April 2009.
^ Kamara was born in Greenwich, England, but also qualified to represent Sierra Leone internationally and made his international debut for Sierra Leone in June 2007.
^ Worgan was born in Eastbourne, England, but also qualified to represent Wales internationally and represented Wales at U-19 and U-21 level.
^ McAnuff was born in Enfield, England, but also qualified to represent Jamaica internationally through his father and made his international debut for Jamaica in May 2002.
^ Campbell-Ryce was born in Lambeth, England, but also qualified to represent Jamaica internationally and made his international debut for Jamaica in 2003.
^ Agyemang was born in Waltham Forest, England, but also qualified to represent Ghana internationally and made his international debut for Ghana in May 2003.
^ Leigertwood was born in Enfield, England, but also qualified to represent Antigua and Barbuda internationally and made his international debut for Antigua and Barbuda in November 2008.
vteWimbledon Football ClubHistory
Seasons
Crazy Gang
Relocation to Milton Keynes
Grounds
Wimbledon Common
Plough Lane
Selhurst Park
National Hockey Stadium
Notable matches
1988 FA Cup final
1988 FA Charity Shield
Rivalries
South London derby
Related
AFC Wimbledon
Milton Keynes Dons
Belfast United
vteWimbledon F.C. seasons
1977–78
1978–79
1979–80
1980–81
1981–82
1982–83
1983–84
1984–85
1985–86
1986–87
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2003–04
vte2003–04 in English football « 2002–03 2004–05 » National teams
UEFA Euro 2004 (Qualification Group 7, Group B, Knockout stage)
Sven-Göran Eriksson
League competitionsLevel 1
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Levels 2–4
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Level 5
Football Conference
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Levels 8–9
Isthmian League (Two)
Combined Counties League (Premier, One)
Eastern Counties League (Premier, One)
Essex Senior League (level 9 only)
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Kent League (level 8 only)
Midland Alliance (level 8 only)
Midland Football Combination (level 9 only)
North West Counties League (One, Two)
Northern Counties East League (Premier, One)
Northern League (One, Two)
Spartan South Midlands League (Premier, One)
Sussex County League (One, Two)
United Counties League (Premier, One)
Wessex League (level 8 only)
West Midlands (Regional) League (level 9 only)
Western League (Premier, One)
Cup competitionsFA cups
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Community Shield
FA Trophy (Final)
Football League cups
League Cup (Final)
Football League Trophy (Final)
European competitions
Champions League
UEFA Cup
Club seasonsPremier League
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First Division
Bradford City
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Walsall
Watford
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Second Division
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Third Division
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Oxford United
Rochdale
Scunthorpe United
Southend United
Swansea City
Torquay United
Yeovil Town
York City
Non-League
Shrewsbury Town
Summer 2003 transfers
Winter 2003–04 transfers
Summer 2004 transfers
|
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This was Wimbledon's last season before changing its club name to Milton Keynes Dons after being given permission by the Football League.","title":"2003–04 Wimbledon F.C. season"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"administration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administration_(law)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"National Hockey Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_England_National_Hockey_Stadium"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Milton Keynes Dons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Dons_F.C."},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Wimbledon entered administration in June 2003,[1] and played their first match at the National Hockey Stadium in Milton Keynes in September.[2] Although crowds improved at the club's new base, the administrator sold any player who could command a transfer fee and Murdoch's team finished bottom.[3] The club was brought out of administration at the end of the season,[4] and subsequently reformed as Milton Keynes Dons.[5]","title":"Season summary"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Soccerway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//int.soccerway.com/national/england/championship/2003-2004/regular-season/r529/"}],"text":"Source: SoccerwayRules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.(R) Relegated","title":"Final league table"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Wimbledon's score comes first","title":"Results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Legend","title":"Results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Football League First Division","title":"Results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"FA Cup","title":"Results"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"League Cup","title":"Results"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Players"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"FIFA eligibility rules","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_eligibility_rules"}],"sub_title":"First-team squad","text":"Squad at end of season[6]Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.","title":"Players"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"FIFA eligibility rules","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_eligibility_rules"}],"sub_title":"Left club during season","text":"Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.","title":"Players"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-7"},{"link_name":"Stalybridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalybridge"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"link_name":"Northern Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Northern 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Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-11"},{"link_name":"Eastbourne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastbourne"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"link_name":"Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales"},{"link_name":"U-19","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales_national_under-19_football_team"},{"link_name":"U-21","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales_national_under-21_football_team"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-12"},{"link_name":"Enfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Borough_of_Enfield"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"link_name":"Jamaica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica"},{"link_name":"Jamaica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-13"},{"link_name":"Lambeth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lambeth"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"link_name":"Jamaica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica"},{"link_name":"Jamaica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-14"},{"link_name":"Waltham Forest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Borough_of_Waltham_Forest"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"link_name":"Ghana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana"},{"link_name":"Ghana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-15"},{"link_name":"Enfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Borough_of_Enfield"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"link_name":"Antigua and Barbuda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda"},{"link_name":"Antigua and Barbuda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Wimbledon_F.C."},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Wimbledon_F.C."},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wimbledon_F.C."},{"link_name":"Wimbledon Football Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimbledon_F.C."},{"link_name":"Seasons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wimbledon_F.C._seasons"},{"link_name":"Crazy Gang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crazy_Gang_(football)"},{"link_name":"Relocation to Milton Keynes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relocation_of_Wimbledon_F.C._to_Milton_Keynes"},{"link_name":"Wimbledon Common","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimbledon_Common"},{"link_name":"Plough Lane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plough_Lane_(1912%E2%80%931998)"},{"link_name":"Selhurst 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City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Leicester_City_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Liverpool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Liverpool_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Manchester City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Manchester_City_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Manchester United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Manchester_United_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Middlesbrough","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Middlesbrough_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Newcastle United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Newcastle_United_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Portsmouth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Portsmouth_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Southampton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Southampton_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Tottenham Hotspur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Tottenham_Hotspur_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Wolverhampton Wanderers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Wolverhampton_Wanderers_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"First Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Football_League_First_Division"},{"link_name":"Bradford City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Bradford_City_A.F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Burnley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Burnley_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Cardiff City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Cardiff_City_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Coventry City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Coventry_City_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Crewe Alexandra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Crewe_Alexandra_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Crystal Palace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Crystal_Palace_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Derby County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Derby_County_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Gillingham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Gillingham_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Ipswich Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Ipswich_Town_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Millwall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Millwall_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Norwich City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Norwich_City_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Nottingham Forest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Nottingham_Forest_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Preston North End","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Preston_North_End_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Reading","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Reading_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Rotherham United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Rotherham_United_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Sheffield United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Sheffield_United_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Stoke City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Stoke_City_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Sunderland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Sunderland_A.F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Walsall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Walsall_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Watford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Watford_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"West Bromwich Albion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_West_Bromwich_Albion_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"West Ham United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_West_Ham_United_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Wigan Athletic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Wigan_Athletic_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Wimbledon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Second Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Football_League_Second_Division"},{"link_name":"Barnsley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Barnsley_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Blackpool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Blackpool_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Bournemouth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_AFC_Bournemouth_season"},{"link_name":"Brentford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Brentford_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Brighton & Hove Albion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Brighton_%26_Hove_Albion_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Bristol City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Bristol_City_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chesterfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Chesterfield_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Colchester United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Colchester_United_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Grimsby Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Grimsby_Town_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Hartlepool United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Hartlepool_United_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Luton Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Luton_Town_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Notts County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Notts_County_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Oldham Athletic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Oldham_Athletic_A.F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Peterborough United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Peterborough_United_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Plymouth Argyle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Plymouth_Argyle_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Port Vale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Port_Vale_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Queens Park Rangers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Queens_Park_Rangers_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Rushden & Diamonds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Rushden_%26_Diamonds_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Sheffield Wednesday","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Stockport County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Stockport_County_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Swindon Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Swindon_Town_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Tranmere Rovers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Tranmere_Rovers_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Wrexham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Wrexham_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Wycombe Wanderers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Wycombe_Wanderers_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Third Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Football_League_Third_Division"},{"link_name":"Boston United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Boston_United_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Bristol Rovers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Bristol_Rovers_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Bury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Bury_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Cambridge United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Cambridge_United_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Carlisle United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Carlisle_United_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Cheltenham Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Cheltenham_Town_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Darlington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Darlington_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Doncaster Rovers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Doncaster_Rovers_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Huddersfield Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Huddersfield_Town_A.F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Hull City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Hull_City_A.F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Kidderminster Harriers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Kidderminster_Harriers_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Leyton Orient","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Leyton_Orient_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Lincoln City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Lincoln_City_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Macclesfield Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Macclesfield_Town_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mansfield Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Mansfield_Town_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Northampton Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Northampton_Town_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Oxford United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Oxford_United_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rochdale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Rochdale_A.F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Scunthorpe United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Scunthorpe_United_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Southend United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Southend_United_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Swansea City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Swansea_City_A.F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Torquay United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_Torquay_United_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Yeovil Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Yeovil_Town_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"York City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2003%E2%80%9304_York_City_F.C._season&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Non-League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-League_football"},{"link_name":"Shrewsbury Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Shrewsbury_Town_F.C._season"},{"link_name":"Summer 2003 transfers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_football_transfers_summer_2003"},{"link_name":"Winter 2003–04 transfers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_football_transfers_winter_2003%E2%80%9304"},{"link_name":"Summer 2004 transfers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_football_transfers_summer_2004"}],"text":"^ Williams was born in Stalybridge, England, but also qualified to represent Northern Ireland internationally and made his international debut for Northern Ireland in 1999.\n\n^ Mackie was born in Dorking, England, but also qualified to represent Scotland internationally through his grandfather and made his international debut for Scotland in October 2010.\n\n^ Gier was born in Ascot, England, but also qualified to represent the Philippines internationally through his mother and made his international debut for the Philippines in April 2009.\n\n^ Kamara was born in Greenwich, England, but also qualified to represent Sierra Leone internationally and made his international debut for Sierra Leone in June 2007.\n\n^ Worgan was born in Eastbourne, England, but also qualified to represent Wales internationally and represented Wales at U-19 and U-21 level.\n\n^ McAnuff was born in Enfield, England, but also qualified to represent Jamaica internationally through his father and made his international debut for Jamaica in May 2002.\n\n^ Campbell-Ryce was born in Lambeth, England, but also qualified to represent Jamaica internationally and made his international debut for Jamaica in 2003.\n\n^ Agyemang was born in Waltham Forest, England, but also qualified to represent Ghana internationally and made his international debut for Ghana in May 2003.\n\n^ Leigertwood was born in Enfield, England, but also qualified to represent Antigua and Barbuda internationally and made his international debut for Antigua and Barbuda in November 2008.vteWimbledon Football ClubHistory\nSeasons\nCrazy Gang\nRelocation to Milton Keynes\nGrounds\nWimbledon Common\nPlough Lane\nSelhurst Park\nNational Hockey Stadium\nNotable matches\n1988 FA Cup final\n1988 FA Charity Shield\nRivalries\nSouth London derby\nRelated\nAFC Wimbledon\nMilton Keynes Dons\nBelfast UnitedvteWimbledon F.C. seasons\n1977–78\n1978–79\n1979–80\n1980–81\n1981–82\n1982–83\n1983–84\n1984–85\n1985–86\n1986–87\n1987–88\n1988–89\n1989–90\n1990–91\n1991–92\n1992–93\n1993–94\n1994–95\n1995–96\n1996–97\n1997–98\n1998–99\n1999–2000\n2000–01\n2001–02\n2002–03\n2003–04vte2003–04 in English football « 2002–03 2004–05 » National teams\nUEFA Euro 2004 (Qualification Group 7, Group B, Knockout stage)\nSven-Göran Eriksson\nLeague competitionsLevel 1\nPremier League\nLevels 2–4\nFootball League (First Division, Second Division, Third Division, play-offs)\nLevel 5\nFootball Conference\nLevels 6–7\nIsthmian League (Premier, One North, One South)\nNorthern Premier League (Premier, One)\nSouthern League (Premier, Eastern, Western)\nLevels 8–9\nIsthmian League (Two)\nCombined Counties League (Premier, One)\nEastern Counties League (Premier, One)\nEssex Senior League (level 9 only)\nHellenic League (Premier, One East, One West)\nKent League (level 8 only)\nMidland Alliance (level 8 only)\nMidland Football Combination (level 9 only)\nNorth West Counties League (One, Two)\nNorthern Counties East League (Premier, One)\nNorthern League (One, Two)\nSpartan South Midlands League (Premier, One)\nSussex County League (One, Two)\nUnited Counties League (Premier, One)\nWessex League (level 8 only)\nWest Midlands (Regional) League (level 9 only)\nWestern League (Premier, One)\nCup competitionsFA cups\nFA Cup (Qualifying rounds, Final)\nCommunity Shield\nFA Trophy (Final)\nFootball League cups\nLeague Cup (Final)\nFootball League Trophy (Final)\nEuropean competitions\nChampions League\nUEFA Cup\nClub seasonsPremier League\nArsenal\nAston Villa\nBirmingham City\nBlackburn Rovers\nBolton Wanderers\nCharlton Athletic\nChelsea\nEverton\nFulham\nLeeds United\nLeicester City\nLiverpool\nManchester City\nManchester United\nMiddlesbrough\nNewcastle United\nPortsmouth\nSouthampton\nTottenham Hotspur\nWolverhampton Wanderers\nFirst Division\nBradford City\nBurnley\nCardiff City\nCoventry City\nCrewe Alexandra\nCrystal Palace\nDerby County\nGillingham\nIpswich Town\nMillwall\nNorwich City\nNottingham Forest\nPreston North End\nReading\nRotherham United\nSheffield United\nStoke City\nSunderland\nWalsall\nWatford\nWest Bromwich Albion\nWest Ham United\nWigan Athletic\nWimbledon\nSecond Division\nBarnsley\nBlackpool\nBournemouth\nBrentford\nBrighton & Hove Albion\nBristol City\nChesterfield\nColchester United\nGrimsby Town\nHartlepool United\nLuton Town\nNotts County\nOldham Athletic\nPeterborough United\nPlymouth Argyle\nPort Vale\nQueens Park Rangers\nRushden & Diamonds\nSheffield Wednesday\nStockport County\nSwindon Town\nTranmere Rovers\nWrexham\nWycombe Wanderers\nThird Division\nBoston United\nBristol Rovers\nBury\nCambridge United\nCarlisle United\nCheltenham Town\nDarlington\nDoncaster Rovers\nHuddersfield Town\nHull City\nKidderminster Harriers\nLeyton Orient\nLincoln City\nMacclesfield Town\nMansfield Town\nNorthampton Town\nOxford United\nRochdale\nScunthorpe United\nSouthend United\nSwansea City\nTorquay United\nYeovil Town\nYork City\nNon-League\nShrewsbury Town\n\nSummer 2003 transfers\nWinter 2003–04 transfers\nSummer 2004 transfers","title":"Notes"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Wimbledon go into administration\". The Daily Telegraph. London. 6 June 2003. Retrieved 5 June 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/2405494/Wimbledon-go-into-administration.html","url_text":"\"Wimbledon go into administration\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph","url_text":"The Daily Telegraph"}]},{"reference":"Pryce, Robert (29 September 2003). \"Wimbledon's happy ending is pure Hollywood\". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 4 June 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2003/sep/29/match.burnley","url_text":"\"Wimbledon's happy ending is pure Hollywood\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"}]},{"reference":"Milledge, Adrian (7 April 2004). \"Wimbledon fall through trap-door\". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 4 June 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2004/apr/07/match.sunderland","url_text":"\"Wimbledon fall through trap-door\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"}]},{"reference":"\"Wimbledon to change name\". BBC. 21 June 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/w/wimbledon/3825865.stm","url_text":"\"Wimbledon to change name\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC","url_text":"BBC"}]},{"reference":"\"Wimbledon become MK Dons FC\". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. 21 June 2004. Retrieved 4 June 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2004/jun/21/newsstory.mkdons","url_text":"\"Wimbledon become MK Dons FC\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"}]},{"reference":"\"FootballSquads - Wimbledon - 2003/04\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.footballsquads.co.uk/eng/2003-2004/d1/wimbled.htm","url_text":"\"FootballSquads - Wimbledon - 2003/04\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://int.soccerway.com/national/england/championship/2003-2004/regular-season/r529/","external_links_name":"Soccerway"},{"Link":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/2405494/Wimbledon-go-into-administration.html","external_links_name":"\"Wimbledon go into administration\""},{"Link":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2003/sep/29/match.burnley","external_links_name":"\"Wimbledon's happy ending is pure Hollywood\""},{"Link":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2004/apr/07/match.sunderland","external_links_name":"\"Wimbledon fall through trap-door\""},{"Link":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/w/wimbledon/3825865.stm","external_links_name":"\"Wimbledon to change name\""},{"Link":"https://www.theguardian.com/football/2004/jun/21/newsstory.mkdons","external_links_name":"\"Wimbledon become MK Dons FC\""},{"Link":"http://www.footballsquads.co.uk/eng/2003-2004/d1/wimbled.htm","external_links_name":"\"FootballSquads - Wimbledon - 2003/04\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_Vietnam
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Vice President of Vietnam
|
["1 Vice presidents of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1960–1976)","2 Vice presidents of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)","2.1 Vice presidents (1976–1981)","2.2 Deputy chairmen of the Council of State (1981–1992)","2.3 Vice presidents (1992–present)","3 Notes","4 References"]
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Vice President of the Socialist Republic of VietnamPhó Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt NamEmblem of VietnamIncumbentVõ Thị Ánh Xuânsince 6 April 2021StyleMadam Vice President (informal)Her Excellency(diplomatic)SeatHanoiNominatorPresidentAppointerNational AssemblyTerm lengthNo term limitInaugural holderNguyễn Hải ThầnFormation9 November 1946; 77 years ago (1946-11-09)
The vice president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Phó Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), known as the deputy chairman of the Council of State (Phó Chủ tịch Hội đồng Nhà nước) from 1981 to 1992, is the deputy head of state of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The vice president is appointed on the recommendation of the president to the National Assembly. The president can also recommend the vice president's dismissal and resignation from office. Upon the president's recommendation, the vice president has to be approved by the National Assembly. The main duty of a vice president is to help the president in discharging his duties—in certain cases, the vice president can be empowered by the president to replace him in the discharge of some of his duties. If the president cannot discharge his duties, the vice president becomes acting president (Tôn Đức Thắng, Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh and Võ Thị Ánh Xuân were acting presidents for a short period). In case of vacancy, the vice president will remain acting president until the National Assembly elects a new president.
While the office of vice president was first mentioned in the 1946 constitution, Tôn Đức Thắng became the first vice president of Vietnam in 1960. The 1980 constitution renamed the office of vice president to Deputy Chairman of the Council of State. Unlike the 1946, 1959 and the present constitution, the 1980 constitution did not mention what kind of authority the office of vice president had—for instance, it was not mentioned if a vice president would take the responsibilities of acting head of state if the head of state was incapacitated. In 1992, the name for the post of deputy chairman of the Council of State was reverted to its original name; vice president. South Vietnam, under its 1967 constitution, also had a vice-president. Since 1992, the office of vice president has traditionally been occupied by a woman, with two of them becoming acting president in the last decade.
Vice presidents of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1960–1976)
No.
Portrait
Name
Took office
Left office
President
1
Nguyễn Hải Thần(1869–1959)
1945
1946
Hồ Chí Minh(1945–1969)
2
Tôn Đức Thắng(1888–1980)
1960
23 September 1969
Hồ Chí Minh(1945–1969)
3
Nguyễn Lương Bằng(1904–1979)
22 September 1969
2 July 1976
Tôn Đức Thắng(1969–1976)
4
Nguyễn Hữu Thọ(1910–1996)
25 April 1976
2 July 1976
Tôn Đức Thắng(1976–1980)
Vice presidents of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)
Vice presidents (1976–1981)
No.
Portrait
Name
Took office
Left office
President
–
Nguyễn Lương Bằng(1904–1979)
2 July 1976
20 July 1979
Tôn Đức Thắng(1976–1980)
–
Nguyễn Hữu Thọ(1910–1996)
2 July 1976
4 July 1981
Nguyễn Hữu Thọ(1980–1981)
Deputy chairmen of the Council of State (1981–1992)
No.
Portrait
Name
Took office
Left office
Chairman of Council State
4
Nguyễn Hữu Thọ(1910–1996)
4 July 1981
19 July 1992
Trường Chinh(1981–1987)Võ Chí Công(1987–1992)
5
—
Chu Huy Mân(1913–2006)
4 July 1981
December 1986
Trường Chinh(1981–1987)
6
Xuân Thủy(1912–1985)
4 July 1981
July 1982
Trường Chinh(1981–1987)
7
Lê Thanh Nghị(1911–1989)
July 1982
December 1986
Trường Chinh(1981–1987)
8
—
Huỳnh Tấn Phát(1913–1989)
1982
1989
Trường Chinh(1981–1987)Võ Chí Công(1987–1992)
9
Nguyễn Quyết(born 1922)
19 April 1987
19 July 1992
Võ Chí Công(1987–1992)
10
—
Đàm Quang Trung(1921–1995)
19 April 1987
19 July 1992
Võ Chí Công(1987–1992)
11
—
Lê Quang Đạo(1921–1999)
19 April 1987
19 July 1992
Võ Chí Công(1987–1992)
12
—
Major General Nguyễn Thị Định(1920–1992)
19 April 1987
19 July 1992
Võ Chí Công(1987–1992)
Vice presidents (1992–present)
No.
Portrait
Name
Took office
Left office
President
13
Nguyễn Thị Bình(born 1927)
8 October 1992
12 August 2002
Lê Đức Anh(1992–1997)Trần Đức Lương(1997–2006)
14
Trương Mỹ Hoa(born 1945)
12 August 2002
25 July 2007
Trần Đức Lương(1997–2006)Nguyễn Minh Triết(2006–2011)
15
Nguyễn Thị Doan(born 1951)
25 July 2007
8 April 2016
Nguyễn Minh Triết(2006–2011)Trương Tấn Sang(2011–2016)
16
Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh (born 1959)
8 April 2016
6 April 2021(acting president21 September – 23 October 2018)
Trần Đại Quang(2016–2018)Nguyễn Phú Trọng(2018–2021)
17
Võ Thị Ánh Xuân(born 1970)
6 April 2021
Incumbent(acting president18 January 2023 – 2 March 202321 March 2024 – present)
Nguyễn Xuân Phúc(2021–2023)Võ Văn Thưởng(2023–2024)
Notes
References
^ Article 103 of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Article 107 of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ a b Article 108 of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Article 44 of the 1946 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Articles 104–112 of the 1980 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Articles 101–108 of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ "Central Government: The Constitution" (PDF). April 1, 1967. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Vietnamese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_language"},{"link_name":"Socialist Republic of Vietnam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam"},{"link_name":"president","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Vietnam"},{"link_name":"National Assembly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_(Vietnam)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-VPlast-3"},{"link_name":"Tôn Đức Thắng","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BA%AFng"},{"link_name":"Nguyễn Hữu Thọ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_H%E1%BB%AFu_Th%E1%BB%8D"},{"link_name":"Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7ng_Th%E1%BB%8B_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Th%E1%BB%8Bnh"},{"link_name":"Võ Thị Ánh Xuân","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5_Th%E1%BB%8B_%C3%81nh_Xu%C3%A2n"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-VPlast-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Tôn Đức Thắng","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BA%AFng"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"acting president","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acting_president"}],"text":"The vice president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Phó Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), known as the deputy chairman of the Council of State (Phó Chủ tịch Hội đồng Nhà nước) from 1981 to 1992, is the deputy head of state of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The vice president is appointed on the recommendation of the president to the National Assembly. The president can also recommend the vice president's dismissal and resignation from office.[1] Upon the president's recommendation, the vice president has to be approved by the National Assembly. The main duty of a vice president is to help the president in discharging his duties—in certain cases, the vice president can be empowered by the president to replace him in the discharge of some of his duties.[2] If the president cannot discharge his duties, the vice president becomes acting president[3] (Tôn Đức Thắng, Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh and Võ Thị Ánh Xuân were acting presidents for a short period). In case of vacancy, the vice president will remain acting president until the National Assembly elects a new president.[3]While the office of vice president was first mentioned in the 1946 constitution,[4] Tôn Đức Thắng became the first vice president of Vietnam in 1960. The 1980 constitution renamed the office of vice president to Deputy Chairman of the Council of State. Unlike the 1946, 1959 and the present constitution, the 1980 constitution did not mention what kind of authority the office of vice president had—for instance, it was not mentioned if a vice president would take the responsibilities of acting head of state if the head of state was incapacitated.[5] In 1992, the name for the post of deputy chairman of the Council of State was reverted to its original name; vice president.[6] South Vietnam, under its 1967 constitution, also had a vice-president.[7] Since 1992, the office of vice president has traditionally been occupied by a woman, with two of them becoming acting president in the last decade.","title":"Vice President of Vietnam"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Vice presidents of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1960–1976)"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Vice presidents of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Vice presidents (1976–1981)","title":"Vice presidents of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Deputy chairmen of the Council of State (1981–1992)","title":"Vice presidents of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Vice presidents (1992–present)","title":"Vice presidents of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Notes"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Article 103 of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam","url_text":"Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam"}]},{"reference":"Article 107 of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam","url_text":"Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam"}]},{"reference":"Article 108 of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam","url_text":"Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam"}]},{"reference":"Article 44 of the 1946 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam","url_text":"Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam"}]},{"reference":"Articles 104–112 of the 1980 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam","url_text":"Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam"}]},{"reference":"Articles 101–108 of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam","url_text":"Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam"}]},{"reference":"\"Central Government: The Constitution\" (PDF). April 1, 1967. Retrieved 2023-03-30.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Vietnam_South_1967.pdf","url_text":"\"Central Government: The Constitution\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Vietnam_South_1967.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Central Government: The Constitution\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VFL_Night_Series
|
VFL Night Series
|
["1 History","1.1 Competition names","2 Winners","2.1 Most night series wins","3 See also","4 References"]
|
This article is about the consolation night series held between 1956 and 1971 and the later series held in 1977, 1978 and 1987. For the pre-season/mid-season competition known as the night series and featuring VFL clubs between 1979 and 1986, see Australian Football Championships Night Series.
Victorian Football League Night SeriesSportAustralian rules footballFounded1956Ceased1971 (first cessation)1978 (second cessation)1987 (third cessation)No. of teams8CountryAustraliaVenue(s)South Melbourne Cricket GroundMost titlesFootscray(4 titles)RelatedcompetitionsVictorian Football League
The Victorian Football League night series, also known during its history by a variety of sponsored names, was an Australian rules football tournament held annually between 1956 and 1971, and again on three occasions in the late 1970s and 1980s. For most years the series was a consolation series, played on weekday nights each September as a knock-out tournament amongst teams which failed to reach the Victorian Football League finals.
History
The Night Series Premiership was first established in 1956, contested in September as a three-round knock-out tournament amongst the eight VFL teams who did not make the final four, based on a similar post-season night competition which had been established in the SANFL in 1954. All VFL Night Series Premiership games were played at the South Melbourne Cricket Ground, which was the only ground equipped to host night games. Despite the fact that not all VFL teams participated, the first season's average crowd was 20,000 for the seven matches played, and a crowd of 33,120 watched the first night Grand Final.
The series was expanded in 1957 to include all twelve teams. The four teams which contested the VFL finals entered the Night Series after their VFL premiership season was finished, resulting in the night series running more than two weeks beyond the end of the day premiership. This was ultimately not successful, and the VFL elected to return to the original format in 1958, and remained under this format until 1971.
Interest in the night series, particularly among the clubs, began to reduce in the late 1960s as the home-and-away season was extended from eighteen rounds to twenty rounds in 1968, then again to twenty-two rounds in 1970. Additionally, in 1972, the VFL switched from a final four to a final-five finals system, leaving only seven teams available to contest the Night Series. Consequently, the Night Series was abolished after the 1971 season.
The series returned in 1977 and 1978, as the VFL went head-to-head with the NFL Night Series in those years, the VFL clubs having left the latter competition after 1976. The VFL won out in the battle, with the last NFL series taking place in 1979, the same year that the VFL-owned AFC Night Series commenced operations. With the AFC series underway, the VFL Night Series ended following the 1978 series, though it returned for one final year in 1987. These series in 1977, 1978 and 1987 were played by all the VFL clubs.
During its history, the Night Series was used to trial rule changes. Two particular rules which were trialled and later introduced were the free kick for kicking out of bounds on the full (trialled in 1966, introduced in the VFL in 1969 and nationally in 1970) and the centre square to control congestion at centre bounces (trialled in 1966, introduced nationally in 1973).
The consolation night series is generally considered to be of equivalent importance as the Australian Football Championships Night Series (1979–1986) and the Australian Football League pre-season competition (1988–2013), and records relating to the three competitions are often combined.
Competition names
During its history, the night series was known by the following sponsored names:
1965–1969 – Golden Fleece Cup
1970 – Radiant Cup
1971 – H. J. Heinz Cup
1977-1978 – Amco-Herald Cup
1987 – National Panasonic Cup
Winners
Year
Winners
Grand Finalist
Scores
Venue
Crowd
Margin
Season Result
1956
South Melbourne
Carlton
13.16 (94) – 13.10 (88)
SMCG
32,450
6
9th
1957
South Melbourne
Geelong
15.13 (103) – 8.4 (52)
SMCG
25,000
51
10th
1958
St Kilda
Carlton
16.13 (109) – 15.11 (101)
SMCG
26,400
8
8th
1959
Fitzroy
Hawthorn
10.10 (70) – 4.16 (40)
SMCG
9,200
30
5th
1960
South Melbourne
Hawthorn
10.12 (72) – 8.11 (59)
SMCG
20,000
13
8th
1961
Geelong
North Melbourne
9.20 (74) – 9.8 (62)
SMCG
30,465
12
6th
1962
Richmond
Hawthorn
8.16 (64) – 9.6 (60)
SMCG
24,550
4
8th
1963
Footscray
Richmond
10.9 (69) – 9.9 (63)
SMCG
25,270
6
9th
1964
Footscray
St Kilda
11.12 (78) – 11.7 (73)
SMCG
36,300
5
10th
1965
North Melbourne
Carlton
14.13 (97) – 9.3 (57)
SMCG
37,750
40
9th
1966
North Melbourne
Hawthorn
20.12 (132) – 12.7 (79)
SMCG
22,800
53
7th
1967
Footscray
South Melbourne
15.11 (101) – 8.8 (56)
SMCG
26,731
45
12th
1968
Hawthorn
North Melbourne
16.15 (111) – 6.14 (50)
SMCG
15,650
61
6th
1969
Hawthorn
Melbourne
10.17 (77) – 9.18 (72)
SMCG
21,067
5
5th
1970
Footscray
Melbourne
13.17 (95) – 13.15 (93)
SMCG
23,882
2
7th
1971
Melbourne
Fitzroy
12.7 (79) – 9.9 (63)
SMCG
21,169
16
7th
1977
Hawthorn
Carlton
14.11 (95) – 11.5 (71)
VFL Park
27,407
24
2nd
1978
Fitzroy
North Melbourne
13.18 (96) – 2.8 (20)
VFL Park
26,420
76
9th
1987
Melbourne
Essendon
8.10 (58) – 8.6 (54)
VFL Park
26,860
4
5th
SMCG - South Melbourne Cricket Ground
Most night series wins
Team
Wins
Seasons
Footscray
4
1963, 1964, 1967, 1970
South Melbourne
3
1956, 1957, 1960
Hawthorn
3
1968, 1969, 1977
North Melbourne
2
1965, 1966
Fitzroy
2
1959, 1978
Melbourne
2
1971, 1987
St Kilda
1
1958
Geelong
1
1961
Richmond
1
1962
Carlton
0
Collingwood
0
Essendon
0
See also
List of Australian Football League pre-season and night series premiers
References
^ Fullpointsfooty SANFL Night Series and Pre-season Competition, retrieved 18 March 2011.
^ Stephen Rodgers (1992), Every Game Ever Played: VFLAFL results 1897–1991 (3rd ed.), Viking O'Neil, p. 534
^ "New rules in night series". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 18 August 1966. p. 46.
vteVFL/AFL pre-season and night competitionsVFL Night Series
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1977
1978
1987
AFC Night Series
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
VFL/AFL pre-season competition
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
AFL pre-season series
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
AFLX competitions
2018
2019
VFL/AFL Lightning Premierships
1940
1941
1943
1951
1952
1953
1996
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"pre-season/mid-season competition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VFL/AFL_pre-season_competition"},{"link_name":"Australian Football Championships Night Series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Football_Championships_Night_Series"},{"link_name":"Australian rules football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_rules_football"},{"link_name":"Victorian Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Football_League"}],"text":"This article is about the consolation night series held between 1956 and 1971 and the later series held in 1977, 1978 and 1987. For the pre-season/mid-season competition known as the night series and featuring VFL clubs between 1979 and 1986, see Australian Football Championships Night Series.The Victorian Football League night series, also known during its history by a variety of sponsored names, was an Australian rules football tournament held annually between 1956 and 1971, and again on three occasions in the late 1970s and 1980s. For most years the series was a consolation series, played on weekday nights each September as a knock-out tournament amongst teams which failed to reach the Victorian Football League finals.","title":"VFL Night Series"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"VFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"SANFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australian_National_Football_League"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"VFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"South Melbourne Cricket Ground","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakeside_Stadium"},{"link_name":"VFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"VFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"VFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"VFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"VFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"1977","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_VFL_Night_Series"},{"link_name":"1978","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_VFL_Night_Series"},{"link_name":"VFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"NFL Night Series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_Night_Series"},{"link_name":"VFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"1976","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_NFL_Championship_Series_(Australia)"},{"link_name":"VFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"AFC Night Series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Football_Championships_Night_Series"},{"link_name":"1987","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_VFL_Night_Series"},{"link_name":"VFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"VFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Australian Football Championships Night Series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Football_Championships_Night_Series"},{"link_name":"Australian Football League pre-season competition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Football_League_pre-season_competition"}],"text":"The Night Series Premiership was first established in 1956, contested in September as a three-round knock-out tournament amongst the eight VFL teams who did not make the final four, based on a similar post-season night competition which had been established in the SANFL in 1954.[1] All VFL Night Series Premiership games were played at the South Melbourne Cricket Ground, which was the only ground equipped to host night games. Despite the fact that not all VFL teams participated, the first season's average crowd was 20,000 for the seven matches played, and a crowd of 33,120 watched the first night Grand Final.The series was expanded in 1957 to include all twelve teams. The four teams which contested the VFL finals entered the Night Series after their VFL premiership season was finished, resulting in the night series running more than two weeks beyond the end of the day premiership. This was ultimately not successful, and the VFL elected to return to the original format in 1958, and remained under this format until 1971.Interest in the night series, particularly among the clubs, began to reduce in the late 1960s as the home-and-away season was extended from eighteen rounds to twenty rounds in 1968, then again to twenty-two rounds in 1970. Additionally, in 1972, the VFL switched from a final four to a final-five finals system, leaving only seven teams available to contest the Night Series. Consequently, the Night Series was abolished after the 1971 season.[2]The series returned in 1977 and 1978, as the VFL went head-to-head with the NFL Night Series in those years, the VFL clubs having left the latter competition after 1976. The VFL won out in the battle, with the last NFL series taking place in 1979, the same year that the VFL-owned AFC Night Series commenced operations. With the AFC series underway, the VFL Night Series ended following the 1978 series, though it returned for one final year in 1987. These series in 1977, 1978 and 1987 were played by all the VFL clubs.During its history, the Night Series was used to trial rule changes. Two particular rules which were trialled and later introduced were the free kick for kicking out of bounds on the full (trialled in 1966, introduced in the VFL in 1969 and nationally in 1970) and the centre square to control congestion at centre bounces (trialled in 1966, introduced nationally in 1973).[3]The consolation night series is generally considered to be of equivalent importance as the Australian Football Championships Night Series (1979–1986) and the Australian Football League pre-season competition (1988–2013), and records relating to the three competitions are often combined.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Competition names","text":"During its history, the night series was known by the following sponsored names:1965–1969 – Golden Fleece Cup\n1970 – Radiant Cup\n1971 – H. J. Heinz Cup\n1977-1978 – Amco-Herald Cup\n1987 – National Panasonic Cup","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"SMCG - South Melbourne Cricket Ground","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakeside_Stadium"}],"text":"SMCG - South Melbourne Cricket Ground","title":"Winners"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Most night series wins","title":"Winners"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"List of Australian Football League pre-season and night series premiers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_Football_League_pre-season_and_night_series_premiers"}]
|
[{"reference":"Stephen Rodgers (1992), Every Game Ever Played: VFLAFL results 1897–1991 (3rd ed.), Viking O'Neil, p. 534","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"New rules in night series\". The Sun News-Pictorial. Melbourne, VIC. 18 August 1966. p. 46.","urls":[]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.fullpointsfooty.net/sanfl_night_series_and_pre-season_competition.htm","external_links_name":"SANFL Night Series and Pre-season Competition"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGP_RTB
|
PGP-RTB
|
["1 History","2 Artists","3 Competition","4 See also","5 References","6 External links"]
|
Yugoslav record label
For the successor company, see PGP-RTS.
PGP-RTBFounded1959 (1959)StatusChanged its name to PGP-RTS in 1993GenreVariousCountry of originSFR YugoslaviaLocationBelgradeOfficial websitePGP-RTS official page
PGP-RTB (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Продукција грамофонских плоча Радио телевизије Београд, romanized: Produkcija gramofonskih ploča Radio televizije Beograd lit. 'Production of gramophone records of Radio Television of Belgrade') was a major state-owned record label and chain record store in the former SFR Yugoslavia, based in Belgrade, Socialist Republic of Serbia. After the breakup of Yugoslavia, in 1993, the company changed its name to PGP-RTS (Produkcija Gramofonskih Ploča Radio-Televizije Srbije).
History
PGP-RTB was established in 1959, as the music production branch of the national Radio-Television Belgrade.
After the breakup of Yugoslavia, in 1993, the company changed its name to PGP-RTS (Produkcija Gramofonskih Ploča Radio-Televizije Srbije), which is the music production branch of the national Radio Television of Serbia.
Artists
PGP-RTB is notable for signing numerous eminent former Yugoslav pop and rock, as well as folk acts. Some of the artists that have been signed to PGP-RTB include:
Alisa
Amajlija
Silvana Armenulić
Arsen Dedić
Atomsko Sklonište
Bajaga i Instruktori
Đorđe Balašević
Banana
Bastion
Bebi Dol
Bele Vrane
Bel Tempo
Beograd
Bezobrazno Zeleno
Bulevar
Buldožer
Ceca
Crni Biseri
Crveni Koralji
Dejan Cukić
Čista Proza
Nikola Čuturilo
Zdravko Čolić
Dado Topić
DAG
Delfini (Split band)
Disciplina Kičme
Divlji Anđeli
Doktor Spira i Ljudska Bića
Drugi Način
Džentlmeni
Ekatarina Velika
Elipse
Galija
Generacija 5
Gordi
Griva
Grupa I
Heroina
Heroji
Igra Staklenih Perli
Merlin
Miroslav Ilić
Indexi
Jakarta
Jugosloveni
Jutro
Karizma
Kerber
Tereza Kesovija
Korni Grupa
Miha Kralj
Bilja Krstić
La Strada
Laboratorija Zvuka
Laki Pingvini
Leb i Sol
Lepa Brena
Lutajuća Srca
Mama Rock
Oliver Mandić
Đorđe Marjanović
Srđan Marjanović
Slađana Milošević
Toni Montano
O'Hara
Oktobar 1864
Osmi Putnik
Osvajači
Parni Valjak
Partibrejkers
Piloti
Pomaranča
Pop Mašina
Porodična Manufaktura Crnog Hleba
Poslednja Igra Leptira
Propaganda
Predmestje
Dušan Prelević
Radomir Mihajlović Točak
Rambo Amadeus
Rani Mraz
Riblja Čorba
Roze Poze
San
September
Siluete
Slomljena Stakla
Smak
Boba Stefanović
Suncokret
S Vremena Na Vreme
Šaban Šaulić
Miladin Šobić
Tako
Time
Tunel
Neda Ukraden
U Škripcu
Vampiri
Van Gogh
Viktorija
Vlada i Bajka
Warriors
YU Grupa
Zana
Zdravo
Zebra
Zlatko Pejaković
Zlatni Prsti
Vesna Zmijanac
Zona B
PGP-RTB has also released some albums by eminent classical musicians at that time, such as Milenko Stefanović and Ernest Ačkun.
Like other former Yugoslav labels, PGP-RTB also had a licence to release foreign titles for the Yugoslav market including notable international popular music stars such as: ABBA, Louis Armstrong, Joan Baez, Bee Gees, Blood, Sweat & Tears, Bon Jovi, James Brown, John Coltrane, Cream, Def Leppard, Dire Straits, Bryan Ferry, Jimi Hendrix, INXS, Joan Jett and The Blackhearts, Elton John, Kiss, Amanda Lear, The Moody Blues, Billy Ocean, The Platters, The Police, Rainbow, Siouxsie and The Banshees, Status Quo, Rod Stewart, Sting, The Style Council, Tangerine Dream, The Who, and others.
Competition
Other major labels in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were: Jugodisk from Belgrade, Jugoton and Suzy from Zagreb, Diskoton from Sarajevo, ZKP RTLJ from Ljubljana, Diskos from Aleksandrovac, and others.
See also
List of record labels
References
^ a b c d e PGP-RTB at Discogs
^ PGP-RTB and PGP-RTS history
^ "Шест деценија рада ПГП-а", politika.rs
External links
PGP-RTS official page
vtePop and rock music of Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaMain
Music of Yugoslavia
Popular music in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Punk rock in Yugoslavia
New wave music in Yugoslavia
Neue Slowenische Kunst
New Primitivism
YU Rock Misija
Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest
Record labels
Diskos
Diskoton
Jugodisk
Jugoton
PGP-RTB
Sarajevo Disk
Suzy Records
ZKP RTVLJ
Music magazines
Džuboks
Hard Metal
Heroina
Pop Express
Ritam
Ritam
Rock
Music festivals
BOOM Festival
Festival Omladina
Gitarijada (Belgrade)
Gitarijada (Zaječar)
Parada ritma / Vatromet ritma
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
United States
Other
MusicBrainz label
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"PGP-RTS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGP-RTS"},{"link_name":"Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet"},{"link_name":"romanized","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Serbo-Croatian"},{"link_name":"record label","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_label"},{"link_name":"chain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_store"},{"link_name":"record store","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_store"},{"link_name":"SFR Yugoslavia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SFR_Yugoslavia"},{"link_name":"Belgrade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade"},{"link_name":"Socialist Republic of Serbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs-1"},{"link_name":"PGP-RTS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGP-RTS"}],"text":"For the successor company, see PGP-RTS.PGP-RTB (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: Продукција грамофонских плоча Радио телевизије Београд, romanized: Produkcija gramofonskih ploča Radio televizije Beograd lit. 'Production of gramophone records of Radio Television of Belgrade') was a major state-owned record label and chain record store in the former SFR Yugoslavia, based in Belgrade, Socialist Republic of Serbia.[1] After the breakup of Yugoslavia, in 1993, the company changed its name to PGP-RTS (Produkcija Gramofonskih Ploča Radio-Televizije Srbije).","title":"PGP-RTB"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Radio-Television Belgrade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-history-2"},{"link_name":"breakup of Yugoslavia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia"},{"link_name":"PGP-RTS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGP-RTS"},{"link_name":"Radio Television of Serbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs-1"}],"text":"PGP-RTB was established in 1959, as the music production branch of the national Radio-Television Belgrade.[2]After the breakup of Yugoslavia, in 1993, the company changed its name to PGP-RTS (Produkcija Gramofonskih Ploča Radio-Televizije Srbije), which is the music production branch of the national Radio Television of Serbia.[1]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"pop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music"},{"link_name":"rock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_music"},{"link_name":"folk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_music"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-politika-3"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs-1"},{"link_name":"Alisa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alisa_(Serbian_band)"},{"link_name":"Amajlija","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amajlija"},{"link_name":"Silvana Armenulić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvana_Armenuli%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Arsen Dedić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsen_Dedi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Atomsko Sklonište","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomsko_Skloni%C5%A1te"},{"link_name":"Bajaga i Instruktori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajaga_i_Instruktori"},{"link_name":"Đorđe Balašević","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90or%C4%91e_Bala%C5%A1evi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Banana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_(band)"},{"link_name":"Bastion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastion_(band)"},{"link_name":"Bebi Dol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebi_Dol"},{"link_name":"Bele Vrane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bele_Vrane"},{"link_name":"Bel Tempo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_Tempo"},{"link_name":"Beograd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beograd_(band)"},{"link_name":"Bezobrazno Zeleno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezobrazno_Zeleno"},{"link_name":"Bulevar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulevar_(band)"},{"link_name":"Buldožer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buldo%C5%BEer"},{"link_name":"Ceca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceca_(singer)"},{"link_name":"Crni Biseri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crni_Biseri"},{"link_name":"Crveni Koralji","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crveni_Koralji"},{"link_name":"Dejan Cukić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dejan_Cuki%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Čista Proza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cista_Proza"},{"link_name":"Nikola Čuturilo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_%C4%8Cuturilo"},{"link_name":"Zdravko Čolić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdravko_%C4%8Coli%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Dado Topić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dado_Topi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"DAG","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAG_(Yugoslav_band)"},{"link_name":"Delfini (Split band)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delfini_(Split_band)"},{"link_name":"Disciplina Kičme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disciplina_Ki%C4%8Dme"},{"link_name":"Divlji Anđeli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divlji_An%C4%91eli"},{"link_name":"Doktor Spira i Ljudska Bića","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktor_Spira_i_Ljudska_Bi%C4%87a"},{"link_name":"Drugi Način","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugi_Na%C4%8Din"},{"link_name":"Džentlmeni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEentlmeni"},{"link_name":"Ekatarina Velika","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekatarina_Velika"},{"link_name":"Elipse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elipse_(band)"},{"link_name":"Galija","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galija"},{"link_name":"Generacija 5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generacija_5"},{"link_name":"Gordi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordi_(band)"},{"link_name":"Griva","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griva"},{"link_name":"Grupa I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupa_I"},{"link_name":"Heroina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroina_(band)"},{"link_name":"Heroji","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroji"},{"link_name":"Igra Staklenih Perli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igra_Staklenih_Perli"},{"link_name":"Merlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dino_Merlin"},{"link_name":"Miroslav Ilić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miroslav_Ili%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Indexi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indexi"},{"link_name":"Jakarta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta_(band)"},{"link_name":"Jugosloveni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugosloveni"},{"link_name":"Jutro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutro_(Ljubljana_band)"},{"link_name":"Karizma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karizma_(Serbian_band)"},{"link_name":"Kerber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerber_(band)"},{"link_name":"Tereza Kesovija","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tereza_Kesovija"},{"link_name":"Korni Grupa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korni_Grupa"},{"link_name":"Miha Kralj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miha_Kralj"},{"link_name":"Bilja Krstić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilja_Krsti%C4%87"},{"link_name":"La Strada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Strada_(band)"},{"link_name":"Laboratorija Zvuka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratorija_Zvuka"},{"link_name":"Laki Pingvini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laki_Pingvini"},{"link_name":"Leb i Sol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leb_i_Sol"},{"link_name":"Lepa Brena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepa_Brena"},{"link_name":"Lutajuća Srca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutaju%C4%87a_Srca"},{"link_name":"Mama Rock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mama_Rock"},{"link_name":"Oliver Mandić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Mandi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Đorđe Marjanović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90or%C4%91e_Marjanovi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Srđan Marjanović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sr%C4%91an_Marjanovi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Slađana Milošević","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sla%C4%91ana_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Toni Montano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni_Montano"},{"link_name":"O'Hara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Hara_(band)"},{"link_name":"Oktobar 1864","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktobar_1864"},{"link_name":"Osmi Putnik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmi_Putnik"},{"link_name":"Osvajači","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osvaja%C4%8Di"},{"link_name":"Parni Valjak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parni_Valjak"},{"link_name":"Partibrejkers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partibrejkers"},{"link_name":"Piloti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piloti_(band)"},{"link_name":"Pomaranča","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomaran%C4%8Da"},{"link_name":"Pop Mašina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_Ma%C5%A1ina"},{"link_name":"Porodična Manufaktura Crnog Hleba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porodi%C4%8Dna_Manufaktura_Crnog_Hleba"},{"link_name":"Poslednja Igra Leptira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poslednja_Igra_Leptira"},{"link_name":"Propaganda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_(Serbian_band)"},{"link_name":"Predmestje","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predmestje"},{"link_name":"Dušan Prelević","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Prelevi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Radomir Mihajlović Točak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radomir_Mihajlovi%C4%87_To%C4%8Dak"},{"link_name":"Rambo Amadeus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rambo_Amadeus"},{"link_name":"Rani Mraz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rani_Mraz"},{"link_name":"Riblja Čorba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riblja_%C4%8Corba"},{"link_name":"Roze Poze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roze_Poze"},{"link_name":"San","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_(band)"},{"link_name":"September","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_(band)"},{"link_name":"Siluete","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluete"},{"link_name":"Slomljena Stakla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slomljena_Stakla"},{"link_name":"Smak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smak"},{"link_name":"Boba Stefanović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boba_Stefanovi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Suncokret","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suncokret"},{"link_name":"S Vremena Na Vreme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Vremena_Na_Vreme"},{"link_name":"Šaban Šaulić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aban_%C5%A0auli%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Miladin Šobić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miladin_%C5%A0obi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Tako","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tako_(band)"},{"link_name":"Time","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(rock_band)"},{"link_name":"Tunel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunel_(band)"},{"link_name":"Neda Ukraden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neda_Ukraden"},{"link_name":"U Škripcu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U_%C5%A0kripcu"},{"link_name":"Vampiri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampiri"},{"link_name":"Van Gogh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Gogh_(band)"},{"link_name":"Viktorija","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktorija_(singer)"},{"link_name":"Vlada i Bajka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlada_i_Bajka"},{"link_name":"Warriors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warriors_(band)"},{"link_name":"YU Grupa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YU_Grupa"},{"link_name":"Zana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zana_(band)"},{"link_name":"Zdravo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdravo_(band)"},{"link_name":"Zebra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra_(Yugoslav_band)"},{"link_name":"Zlatko Pejaković","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlatko_Pejakovi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Zlatni Prsti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlatni_Prsti"},{"link_name":"Vesna Zmijanac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesna_Zmijanac"},{"link_name":"Zona B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_B"},{"link_name":"Milenko Stefanović","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenko_Stefanovi%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Ernest Ačkun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_A%C4%8Dkun"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs-1"},{"link_name":"popular music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_music"},{"link_name":"ABBA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABBA"},{"link_name":"Louis Armstrong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Armstrong"},{"link_name":"Joan Baez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Baez"},{"link_name":"Bee Gees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee_Gees"},{"link_name":"Blood, Sweat & Tears","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood,_Sweat_%26_Tears"},{"link_name":"Bon Jovi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon_Jovi"},{"link_name":"James Brown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Brown"},{"link_name":"John Coltrane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Coltrane"},{"link_name":"Cream","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cream_(band)"},{"link_name":"Def Leppard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Def_Leppard"},{"link_name":"Dire Straits","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dire_Straits"},{"link_name":"Bryan Ferry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Ferry"},{"link_name":"Jimi Hendrix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix"},{"link_name":"INXS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INXS"},{"link_name":"Joan Jett and The Blackhearts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Jett_and_The_Blackhearts"},{"link_name":"Elton John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elton_John"},{"link_name":"Kiss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiss_(band)"},{"link_name":"Amanda Lear","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_Lear"},{"link_name":"The Moody Blues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moody_Blues"},{"link_name":"Billy Ocean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Ocean"},{"link_name":"The Platters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Platters"},{"link_name":"The Police","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Police"},{"link_name":"Rainbow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_(English_band)"},{"link_name":"Siouxsie and The Banshees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siouxsie_and_The_Banshees"},{"link_name":"Status Quo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_Quo_(band)"},{"link_name":"Rod Stewart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Stewart"},{"link_name":"Sting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sting_(musician)"},{"link_name":"The Style Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Style_Council"},{"link_name":"Tangerine Dream","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Dream"},{"link_name":"The Who","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Who"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-discogs-1"}],"text":"PGP-RTB is notable for signing numerous eminent former Yugoslav pop and rock, as well as folk acts.[3] Some of the artists that have been signed to PGP-RTB include:[1]Alisa\nAmajlija\nSilvana Armenulić\nArsen Dedić\nAtomsko Sklonište\nBajaga i Instruktori\nĐorđe Balašević\nBanana\nBastion\nBebi Dol\nBele Vrane\nBel Tempo\nBeograd\nBezobrazno Zeleno\nBulevar\nBuldožer\nCeca\nCrni Biseri\nCrveni Koralji\nDejan Cukić\nČista Proza\nNikola Čuturilo\nZdravko Čolić\nDado Topić\nDAG\nDelfini (Split band)\nDisciplina Kičme\nDivlji Anđeli\nDoktor Spira i Ljudska Bića\nDrugi Način\nDžentlmeni\nEkatarina Velika\nElipse\nGalija\nGeneracija 5\nGordi\nGriva\nGrupa I\nHeroina\nHeroji\nIgra Staklenih Perli\nMerlin\nMiroslav Ilić\nIndexi\nJakarta\nJugosloveni\nJutro\nKarizma\nKerber\nTereza Kesovija\nKorni Grupa\nMiha Kralj\nBilja Krstić\nLa Strada\nLaboratorija Zvuka\nLaki Pingvini\nLeb i Sol\nLepa Brena\nLutajuća Srca\nMama Rock\nOliver Mandić\nĐorđe Marjanović\nSrđan Marjanović\nSlađana Milošević\nToni Montano\nO'Hara\nOktobar 1864\nOsmi Putnik\nOsvajači\nParni Valjak\nPartibrejkers\nPiloti\nPomaranča\nPop Mašina\nPorodična Manufaktura Crnog Hleba\nPoslednja Igra Leptira\nPropaganda\nPredmestje\nDušan Prelević\nRadomir Mihajlović Točak\nRambo Amadeus\nRani Mraz\nRiblja Čorba\nRoze Poze\nSan\nSeptember\nSiluete\nSlomljena Stakla\nSmak\nBoba Stefanović\nSuncokret\nS Vremena Na Vreme\nŠaban Šaulić\nMiladin Šobić\nTako\nTime\nTunel\nNeda Ukraden\nU Škripcu\nVampiri\nVan Gogh\nViktorija\nVlada i Bajka\nWarriors\nYU Grupa\nZana\nZdravo\nZebra\nZlatko Pejaković\nZlatni Prsti\nVesna Zmijanac\nZona BPGP-RTB has also released some albums by eminent classical musicians at that time, such as Milenko Stefanović and Ernest Ačkun.[1]Like other former Yugoslav labels, PGP-RTB also had a licence to release foreign titles for the Yugoslav market including notable international popular music stars such as: ABBA, Louis Armstrong, Joan Baez, Bee Gees, Blood, Sweat & Tears, Bon Jovi, James Brown, John Coltrane, Cream, Def Leppard, Dire Straits, Bryan Ferry, Jimi Hendrix, INXS, Joan Jett and The Blackhearts, Elton John, Kiss, Amanda Lear, The Moody Blues, Billy Ocean, The Platters, The Police, Rainbow, Siouxsie and The Banshees, Status Quo, Rod Stewart, Sting, The Style Council, Tangerine Dream, The Who, and others.[1]","title":"Artists"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"major labels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_label"},{"link_name":"Jugodisk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugodisk"},{"link_name":"Belgrade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade"},{"link_name":"Jugoton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugoton"},{"link_name":"Suzy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzy_(record_label)"},{"link_name":"Diskoton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskoton"},{"link_name":"Sarajevo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarajevo"},{"link_name":"ZKP RTLJ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZKP_RTLJ"},{"link_name":"Ljubljana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubljana"},{"link_name":"Diskos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskos_(record_label)"},{"link_name":"Aleksandrovac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandrovac"}],"text":"Other major labels in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were: Jugodisk from Belgrade, Jugoton and Suzy from Zagreb, Diskoton from Sarajevo, ZKP RTLJ from Ljubljana, Diskos from Aleksandrovac, and others.","title":"Competition"}]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_Matagorda_hurricane
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1942 Matagorda hurricane
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["1 Meteorological history","2 Preparations and impact","3 See also","4 Notes","5 References"]
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Category 3 Atlantic hurricane
1942 Matagorda hurricane
Surface weather analysis of the storm on August 28Meteorological historyFormedAugust 21, 1942 (1942-08-21)DissipatedAugust 31, 1942 (1942-09-01)Category 3 major hurricane1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)Highest winds115 mph (185 km/h)Lowest pressure950 mbar (hPa); 28.05 inHgOverall effectsFatalities8Damage$26.5 million (1942 USD)Areas affectedMexico, TexasIBTrACSPart of the 1942 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1942 Matagorda hurricane was the most intense and costliest tropical cyclone of the 1942 Atlantic hurricane season. The second tropical storm and hurricane, as well as the first major hurricane of the year, it originated from a tropical wave near the island of St. Lucia on August 21. Moving generally westward across the Caribbean Sea, the storm remained weak for much of its early existence. However, it gradually intensified, and reached hurricane strength south of Jamaica on August 25 before coming ashore on the Yucatán Peninsula late on August 27. Once in the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane quickly strengthened, and attained its peak intensity on August 29 as a Category 3 hurricane with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h). However, nearing the Texas Gulf Coast, the storm waned in intensity, and was only a Category 1 hurricane by the time it made a final landfall near Matagorda, Texas on August 30. Continuing inland, the hurricane weakened, and dissipated into a remnant low on August 31.
At the hurricane's first landfall near the northeastern tip of the Yucatán Peninsula, little information was documented on the storm's impacts. However, as the storm approached the Texas coast, widespread evacuations took place, including the evacuation of roughly 50,000 people from Galveston, Texas alone. Upon making landfall, the hurricane caused extensive damage in coastal regions. In Matagorda, storm surge peaking at 14.7 ft (4.5 m) inundated the city and damaged many others. Strong winds from the storm wreaked havoc as far inland as San Antonio, Texas. The winds leveled numerous buildings and uprooted trees, in addition to causing widespread power outages. Crops in the areas affected saw large losses, particularly the rice crop. Rainfall associated with the storm was relatively light, due to the hurricane's rapid forward motion once inland, peaking at 9.3 in (0.24 m) in Woodsboro, Texas. Overall, the storm caused $26.5 million in damages and eight deaths.
Meteorological history
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scaleMap key Saffir–Simpson scale Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h) Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h) Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h) Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h) Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h) Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h) Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h) Unknown Storm type Tropical cyclone Subtropical cyclone Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
A tropical wave was first noted near St. Lucia at 0600 UTC on August 21, associated with squally weather, though there were little signs of any organization. However, in HURDAT–the official database of positions and intensities of Atlantic hurricanes dating back to 1851–the system is listed to have already organized into a tropical storm at the same time. Nonetheless, development was slow throughout its early existence as it moved quickly eastward across the Caribbean Sea. Forward motion slowed as the storm progressed westward south of Jamaica on August 25. Though signs of development were first noted at around this time, later reanalysis was conducted on the system, revealing that it had already strengthened to the equivalent of a modern-day Category 1 hurricane. Shortly after, observations indicated that the hurricane was rapidly intensifying. Passing well north of the Swan Islands, the storm attained Category 2 intensity at 0600 UTC on August 26. Shortly after, the hurricane made its first landfall at a similar intensity on the northeastern tip of the Yucatán Peninsula late on August 27.
Once in the Gulf of Mexico on August 28, the hurricane moved northwest on a nearly linear path towards the Texas coast as it steadily intensified. By 0600 UTC on August 29, the storm reached Category 3 intensity with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h)–this would be the storm's maximum intensity. However, the hurricane weakened back down to Category 1 strength before making landfall just after midnight on August 30 near Matagorda and Palacios, Texas. At the time, the storm had maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h), with hurricane-force winds extending out 150 mi (240 km) from the storm's center of circulation. The hurricane's minimum central pressure at landfall was estimated at 950 mbar (950 hPa; 28 inHg), though a pressure reading of 952 mbar (952 hPa; 28.1 inHg) in Seadrift, Texas marked the lowest recorded pressure. Once inland, the storm quickly weakened, and degenerated to tropical storm strength at 1200 UTC on August 30 while located near Hallettsville, Texas. Weakening to a tropical depression the following day, it dissipated at 1200 UTC on August 30 near Sweetwater, Texas.
Preparations and impact
Rainfall totals in Texas
Despite making landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula on August 27 as a Category 2 hurricane, no damage was reported there. As the storm traversed the Gulf of Mexico towards the Texas Gulf Coast, evacuation procedures were conducted across the region. In the storm-warning area of Galveston, Texas, roughly 50,000 people evacuated inland; the high number of evacuees was likely due in part to another hurricane which struck the coast a week prior. Camp Hulen, located near Palacios, Texas, was also evacuated. Other coastal locations were evacuated via trucks, buses, and trains with the guidance of warnings published by the United States Weather Bureau. Schools in the region were prepared as emergency shelters in advance of the storm's landfall.
Upon making landfall near Palacios, Texas early on August 30, considerable damage was wrought to an extensive area of the state. At the coast, the hurricane produced a strong storm surge, mostly in the storm's eastern hemisphere. Storm tides were reported across the Texas coast up to southwestern Louisiana. A station in Matagorda, Texas recorded a storm tide 14.7 ft (4.5 m) above average. At the time, this was the third highest storm surge ever measured in Texas, behind peak observations taken during the 1919 Florida Keys hurricane and the 1900 Galveston hurricane. The unusually strong tide inundated Matagorda under 6 ft (1.8 m) of seawater. The accumulation of the hurricane's affects resulted in the destruction of nearly every building in the city. Due to debris and other sediments scattered by the strong waves, the reach of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway in both the Matagorda and San Antonio Bays decreased by 540 sq ft (50 m2). Further north in Freeport, Texas, the storm surge reached 11.8 ft (3.6 m) above normal. The strong wave action reopened two inlets near Corpus Christi Pass, and also destroyed two cottages on North Beach. In Harris County, Texas, located near the northern edge of the storm, crops sustained heavy damages, and losses to the rice crop alone amounted to $600,000.
The hurricane also brought strong winds which caused considerable damage as far inland as San Antonio, Texas, 120 mi (190 km) from the coast. In Seadrift, Texas, where the storm's lowest pressure reading of 952 mbar (952 hPa; 28.1 inHg) was recorded, winds were estimated to have reached 115 mph (185 km/h). The Halfmoon Reef Lighthouse, then situated offshore in Matagorda Bay, was knocked off its pilings due to the strong winds. As such, the United States Coast Guard decided to sell the lighthouse to a private owner. The lighthouse was later repositioned on land. In Matagorda and Palacios, winds of at least 100 mph (160 km/h) lasted roughly three hours, leveling several buildings. Later reports from Palacios indicated that the storm was the worst there since the 1900 Galveston hurricane. Due to the storm's fast motion before and after landfall, hurricane-force winds were felt as far inland as Atascosa County, Texas. In Corpus Christi, Texas, a peak wind gust of 72 mph (116 km/h) was reported. There, damage was limited to oil derricks and other light structures. Communications from the city to Port Aransas, Texas. The county sheriff of Victoria County, Texas reported that every house was "damaged to some extent." In Cuero, Texas, strong winds caused severe infrastructural and crop damage.
Precipitation associated with the storm was generally light due to the hurricane's rapid forward motion. Moderate to heavy rainfall was of local extent and covered a limited area of South Texas, peaking at 9.3 in (240 mm) in Woodsboro, Texas. Contrary to typical rapidly moving tropical cyclones, much of the storm's rainfall fell to the west and south of the storm throughout its duration, which up to that point was a phenomenon rarely observed. The peak rainfall measurement in Woodsboro was located 25 mi (40 km) away from the center of the hurricane. Throughout Atascosa County, at least 4 in (100 mm) of rain fell.
After making landfall, the hurricane's fast speed enabled it to still bring strong winds and impacts well inland. In South-Central Texas, the tropical cyclone was considered the worst of the entire 20th century. On August 30, despite being situated over the Austin and San Antonio metropolitan areas, the storm still retained maximum sustained winds of at least 50 mph (80 km/h). In Floresville, Texas, the winds damaged numerous buildings. Similar effects occurred in Atascosa County and Seguin, Texas, where trees were uprooted and additional buildings were damaged. In Seguin, the passing storm was considered the worst since the 1886 Indianola hurricane, which also moved rapidly inland. In New Braunfels, Texas, damage was confined to trees, while in Austin, Texas power lines were downed by the strong winds. San Antonio saw the brunt of the storm's impacts in South-Central Texas. Gusts reaching as high as 70 mph (110 km/h) battered the city for at least five hours, causing extensive damage to infrastructure, as well as causing numerous power outages. Hundreds of trees were uprooted, and the resulting damage was considered the worst since 1899. Despite being held to the ground by 8 ft (2.4 m) stakes, 70 of the 75 planes at Alamo Field. were damaged by the strong winds. Total estimated damages in the city amounted to $300,000.
Overall, the hurricane caused $26.5 million in damages, with $11.5 million to property and $15 million to crops, with the storm's damage in Texas spread across twelve counties. This would make the storm the most costly of the hurricane season. Despite the hurricane's wide swath of damage and strong intensity, only eight people were killed. The low number of fatalities is attributable to the extensive evacuation procedures which the area underwent prior to the storm, as well as warnings provided by the Weather Bureau.
See also
Tropical cyclones portal
List of Texas hurricanes (1900–49)
1909 Velasco hurricane
1945 Texas hurricane
Hurricane Celia
Notes
^ A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale.
^ All damage totals are in 1942 United States dollars unless otherwise noted.
References
^ Goldenberg, Sten; Atlantic Oceanic Meteorological Laboratory. "Subject: A3) What is a super-typhoon? What is a major hurricane ? What is an intense hurricane ?". A: Basic Definitions. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Sumner, Howard C. (April 1, 1943). "North Atlantic Hurricanes and Tropical Disturbances of 1942". Monthly Weather Review. 71 (4). Washington, D.C.: American Meteorological Society: 49–52. Bibcode:1943MWRv...71...49S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1943)71<49:NAHATD>2.0.CO;2.
^ a b c d e f g h "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved June 16, 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ a b c d e f g h i j Austin/San Antonio, Texas Weather Forecast Office (August 26, 2010). "August 1942 Hurricane" (PDF). New Braunfels, Texas: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
^ a b c d e f g h Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Texas Hurricane History (PDF). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. pp. 9, 45. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
^ "Sections of Texas Damaged By Storm". The Palm Beach Post. Corpus Christi, Texas. Associated Press. August 31, 1942. p. 1. Retrieved August 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Department of Commerce. "Tropical Events – 1940s". Event History. Miami, Florida: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's. Archived from the original on 2016-11-29. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
^ "Some Maximum Storm Surge Records For Texas Storms". Houston, Texas: Weather Research Center. January 6, 2007. Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
^ Prentiss, Louis W. (1951). "Gulf Hurricanes And Their Effects On The Gulf Coast". Dallas, Texas: Texas Digital Library. p. 215. Archived from the original on December 4, 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
^ a b c "Heavy Damage Is Caused By Storm In Texas Towns". The Evening Independent. Corpus Christi, Texas. Associated Press. August 31, 1942. p. 2. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
^ "Halfmoon Reef, TX". Lighthousefriends.com. Archived from the original on January 29, 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
^ "Tropical Wind Strikes Texas". The Bulletin. Houston, Texas. United Press. August 31, 1942. p. 1. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
^ a b Schoner, R.W.; Molansky, S. "Rainfall Associated With Hurricanes (And Other Tropical Disturbances)" (PDF). United States Weather Bureau's National Hurricane Research Project. p. 83. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
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Nonetheless, development was slow throughout its early existence as it moved quickly eastward across the Caribbean Sea. Forward motion slowed as the storm progressed westward south of Jamaica on August 25. Though signs of development were first noted at around this time, later reanalysis was conducted on the system, revealing that it had already strengthened to the equivalent of a modern-day Category 1 hurricane.[3] Shortly after, observations indicated that the hurricane was rapidly intensifying. Passing well north of the Swan Islands,[2] the storm attained Category 2 intensity at 0600 UTC on August 26.[3] Shortly after, the hurricane made its first landfall at a similar intensity on the northeastern tip of the Yucatán Peninsula late on August 27.[2][3]Once in the Gulf of Mexico on August 28, the hurricane moved northwest on a nearly linear path towards the Texas coast as it steadily intensified.[2][3] By 0600 UTC on August 29, the storm reached Category 3 intensity with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h)–this would be the storm's maximum intensity. However, the hurricane weakened back down to Category 1 strength before making landfall just after midnight on August 30 near Matagorda and Palacios, Texas.[3][4] At the time, the storm had maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h), with hurricane-force winds extending out 150 mi (240 km) from the storm's center of circulation.[2] The hurricane's minimum central pressure at landfall was estimated at 950 mbar (950 hPa; 28 inHg),[5] though a pressure reading of 952 mbar (952 hPa; 28.1 inHg) in Seadrift, Texas marked the lowest recorded pressure.[2] Once inland, the storm quickly weakened, and degenerated to tropical storm strength at 1200 UTC on August 30 while located near Hallettsville, Texas. Weakening to a tropical depression the following day, it dissipated at 1200 UTC on August 30 near Sweetwater, Texas.[3][4]","title":"Meteorological history"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1942_Palacios_hurricane_rainfall_totals.png"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MWR-4"},{"link_name":"Texas Gulf Coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Gulf_Coast"},{"link_name":"Galveston, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galveston,_Texas"},{"link_name":"another hurricane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_One"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Texas_Hurricanes-7"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HURDAT-5"},{"link_name":"Camp Hulen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Hulen"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sections-8"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MWR-4"},{"link_name":"emergency shelters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_shelter"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EWX-6"},{"link_name":"storm surge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surge"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MWR-4"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-T40s-9"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MWR-4"},{"link_name":"1919 Florida Keys hurricane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919_Florida_Keys_hurricane"},{"link_name":"1900 Galveston hurricane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_Galveston_hurricane"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-surgerecords-10"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Texas_Hurricanes-7"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EWX-6"},{"link_name":"Gulf Intracoastal Waterway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Intracoastal_Waterway"},{"link_name":"San Antonio Bays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio_Bay"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TDL-11"},{"link_name":"Freeport, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeport,_Texas"},{"link_name":"inlets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Texas_Hurricanes-7"},{"link_name":"Harris County, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas"},{"link_name":"rice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EvenIndep-12"},{"link_name":"San Antonio, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MWR-4"},{"link_name":"Halfmoon Reef Lighthouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfmoon_Reef_Lighthouse"},{"link_name":"Matagorda Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matagorda_Bay"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Texas_Hurricanes-7"},{"link_name":"United States Coast Guard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Halfmoon-13"},{"link_name":"1900 Galveston hurricane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_Galveston_hurricane"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TropWind-14"},{"link_name":"hurricane-force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale"},{"link_name":"Atascosa County, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atascosa_County,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MWR-4"},{"link_name":"Corpus Christi, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Texas_Hurricanes-7"},{"link_name":"oil derricks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrick#Oil_derrick"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EvenIndep-12"},{"link_name":"Port Aransas, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Aransas,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EWX-6"},{"link_name":"county sheriff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheriff"},{"link_name":"Victoria County, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_County,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Cuero, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuero,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EWX-6"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Texas_Hurricanes-7"},{"link_name":"South Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Texas"},{"link_name":"Woodsboro, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodsboro,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rainfall-15"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MWR-4"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rainfall-15"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Texas_Hurricanes-7"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EWX-6"},{"link_name":"Austin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Austin"},{"link_name":"San Antonio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_San_Antonio"},{"link_name":"metropolitan areas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area"},{"link_name":"Floresville, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floresville,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Seguin, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seguin,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EWX-6"},{"link_name":"1886 Indianola hurricane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1886_Indianola_hurricane"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EWX-6"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HURDAT-5"},{"link_name":"New Braunfels, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Braunfels,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Austin, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas"},{"link_name":"power outages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_outage"},{"link_name":"Alamo Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio_International_Airport"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EWX-6"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EvenIndep-12"},{"link_name":"twelve counties","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Texas"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MWR-4"}],"text":"Rainfall totals in TexasDespite making landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula on August 27 as a Category 2 hurricane, no damage was reported there.[2] As the storm traversed the Gulf of Mexico towards the Texas Gulf Coast, evacuation procedures were conducted across the region. In the storm-warning area of Galveston, Texas, roughly 50,000 people evacuated inland; the high number of evacuees was likely due in part to another hurricane which struck the coast a week prior.[5][3] Camp Hulen, located near Palacios, Texas, was also evacuated.[6] Other coastal locations were evacuated via trucks, buses, and trains with the guidance of warnings published by the United States Weather Bureau.[2] Schools in the region were prepared as emergency shelters in advance of the storm's landfall.[4]Upon making landfall near Palacios, Texas early on August 30, considerable damage was wrought to an extensive area of the state. At the coast, the hurricane produced a strong storm surge, mostly in the storm's eastern hemisphere.[2] Storm tides were reported across the Texas coast up to southwestern Louisiana.[7] A station in Matagorda, Texas recorded a storm tide 14.7 ft (4.5 m) above average.[2] At the time, this was the third highest storm surge ever measured in Texas, behind peak observations taken during the 1919 Florida Keys hurricane and the 1900 Galveston hurricane.[8] The unusually strong tide inundated Matagorda under 6 ft (1.8 m) of seawater.[5] The accumulation of the hurricane's affects resulted in the destruction of nearly every building in the city.[4] Due to debris and other sediments scattered by the strong waves, the reach of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway in both the Matagorda and San Antonio Bays decreased by 540 sq ft (50 m2).[9] Further north in Freeport, Texas, the storm surge reached 11.8 ft (3.6 m) above normal. The strong wave action reopened two inlets near Corpus Christi Pass, and also destroyed two cottages on North Beach.[5] In Harris County, Texas, located near the northern edge of the storm, crops sustained heavy damages, and losses to the rice crop alone amounted to $600,000.[10]The hurricane also brought strong winds which caused considerable damage as far inland as San Antonio, Texas, 120 mi (190 km) from the coast. In Seadrift, Texas, where the storm's lowest pressure reading of 952 mbar (952 hPa; 28.1 inHg) was recorded, winds were estimated to have reached 115 mph (185 km/h).[2] The Halfmoon Reef Lighthouse, then situated offshore in Matagorda Bay, was knocked off its pilings due to the strong winds.[5] As such, the United States Coast Guard decided to sell the lighthouse to a private owner. The lighthouse was later repositioned on land.[11] In Matagorda and Palacios, winds of at least 100 mph (160 km/h) lasted roughly three hours, leveling several buildings. Later reports from Palacios indicated that the storm was the worst there since the 1900 Galveston hurricane.[12] Due to the storm's fast motion before and after landfall, hurricane-force winds were felt as far inland as Atascosa County, Texas.[2] In Corpus Christi, Texas, a peak wind gust of 72 mph (116 km/h) was reported.[5] There, damage was limited to oil derricks and other light structures.[10] Communications from the city to Port Aransas, Texas.[4] The county sheriff of Victoria County, Texas reported that every house was \"damaged to some extent.\" In Cuero, Texas, strong winds caused severe infrastructural and crop damage.[4]Precipitation associated with the storm was generally light due to the hurricane's rapid forward motion.[5] Moderate to heavy rainfall was of local extent and covered a limited area of South Texas, peaking at 9.3 in (240 mm) in Woodsboro, Texas.[13] Contrary to typical rapidly moving tropical cyclones, much of the storm's rainfall fell to the west and south of the storm throughout its duration,[2] which up to that point was a phenomenon rarely observed.[13] The peak rainfall measurement in Woodsboro was located 25 mi (40 km) away from the center of the hurricane.[5] Throughout Atascosa County, at least 4 in (100 mm) of rain fell.[4]After making landfall, the hurricane's fast speed enabled it to still bring strong winds and impacts well inland. In South-Central Texas, the tropical cyclone was considered the worst of the entire 20th century. On August 30, despite being situated over the Austin and San Antonio metropolitan areas, the storm still retained maximum sustained winds of at least 50 mph (80 km/h). In Floresville, Texas, the winds damaged numerous buildings. Similar effects occurred in Atascosa County and Seguin, Texas, where trees were uprooted and additional buildings were damaged.[4] In Seguin, the passing storm was considered the worst since the 1886 Indianola hurricane,[4] which also moved rapidly inland.[3] In New Braunfels, Texas, damage was confined to trees, while in Austin, Texas power lines were downed by the strong winds. San Antonio saw the brunt of the storm's impacts in South-Central Texas. Gusts reaching as high as 70 mph (110 km/h) battered the city for at least five hours, causing extensive damage to infrastructure, as well as causing numerous power outages. Hundreds of trees were uprooted, and the resulting damage was considered the worst since 1899. Despite being held to the ground by 8 ft (2.4 m) stakes, 70 of the 75 planes at Alamo Field.[4] were damaged by the strong winds. Total estimated damages in the city amounted to $300,000.[10]Overall, the hurricane caused $26.5 million in damages, with $11.5 million to property and $15 million to crops, with the storm's damage in Texas spread across twelve counties. This would make the storm the most costly of the hurricane season. Despite the hurricane's wide swath of damage and strong intensity, only eight people were killed. The low number of fatalities is attributable to the extensive evacuation procedures which the area underwent prior to the storm, as well as warnings provided by the Weather Bureau.[2]","title":"Preparations and impact"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_hurricane_scale"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BASIC-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"United States dollars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar"}],"text":"^ A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale.[1]\n\n^ All damage totals are in 1942 United States dollars unless otherwise noted.","title":"Notes"}]
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[{"image_text":"Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scaleMap key Saffir–Simpson scale Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h) Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h) Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h) Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h) Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h) Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h) Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h) Unknown Storm type Tropical cyclone Subtropical cyclone Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression ","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/1942_Atlantic_hurricane_3_track.png/275px-1942_Atlantic_hurricane_3_track.png"},{"image_text":"Rainfall totals in Texas","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/1942_Palacios_hurricane_rainfall_totals.png/220px-1942_Palacios_hurricane_rainfall_totals.png"}]
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[{"title":"Tropical cyclones portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Tropical_cyclones"},{"title":"List of Texas hurricanes (1900–49)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Texas_hurricanes_(1900%E2%80%9349)"},{"title":"1909 Velasco hurricane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1909_Velasco_hurricane"},{"title":"1945 Texas hurricane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945_Texas_hurricane"},{"title":"Hurricane Celia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Celia"}]
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[{"reference":"Goldenberg, Sten; Atlantic Oceanic Meteorological Laboratory. \"Subject: A3) What is a super-typhoon? What is a major hurricane ? What is an intense hurricane ?\". A: Basic Definitions. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved April 8, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/A3.html","url_text":"\"Subject: A3) What is a super-typhoon? What is a major hurricane ? What is an intense hurricane ?\""}]},{"reference":"Sumner, Howard C. (April 1, 1943). \"North Atlantic Hurricanes and Tropical Disturbances of 1942\". Monthly Weather Review. 71 (4). Washington, D.C.: American Meteorological Society: 49–52. Bibcode:1943MWRv...71...49S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1943)71<49:NAHATD>2.0.CO;2.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0493%281943%2971%3C49%3ANAHATD%3E2.0.CO%3B2","url_text":"\"North Atlantic Hurricanes and Tropical Disturbances of 1942\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1943MWRv...71...49S","url_text":"1943MWRv...71...49S"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0493%281943%2971%3C49%3ANAHATD%3E2.0.CO%3B2","url_text":"10.1175/1520-0493(1943)71<49:NAHATD>2.0.CO;2"}]},{"reference":"\"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)\" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved June 16, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-1851-2022-050423.txt","url_text":"\"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hurricane_Center","url_text":"National Hurricane Center"}]},{"reference":"Austin/San Antonio, Texas Weather Forecast Office (August 26, 2010). \"August 1942 Hurricane\" (PDF). New Braunfels, Texas: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved April 6, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.srh.noaa.gov/images/ewx/wxevent/aug1942hurricane.pdf","url_text":"\"August 1942 Hurricane\""}]},{"reference":"Roth, David M; Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Texas Hurricane History (PDF). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. pp. 9, 45. Retrieved April 6, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/txhur.pdf","url_text":"Texas Hurricane History"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Weather_Service","url_text":"United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service"}]},{"reference":"\"Sections of Texas Damaged By Storm\". The Palm Beach Post. Corpus Christi, Texas. Associated Press. August 31, 1942. p. 1. Retrieved August 31, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108715154/the-palm-beach-post/","url_text":"\"Sections of Texas Damaged By Storm\""}]},{"reference":"Department of Commerce. \"Tropical Events – 1940s\". Event History. Miami, Florida: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's. Archived from the original on 2016-11-29. Retrieved April 8, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161129170828/http://www.stormsurge.noaa.gov/event_history_1940s.html","url_text":"\"Tropical Events – 1940s\""},{"url":"http://www.stormsurge.noaa.gov/event_history_1940s.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Some Maximum Storm Surge Records For Texas Storms\". Houston, Texas: Weather Research Center. January 6, 2007. Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved April 8, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000944/http://www.wxresearch.com/surge.htm","url_text":"\"Some Maximum Storm Surge Records For Texas Storms\""},{"url":"http://www.wxresearch.com/surge.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Prentiss, Louis W. (1951). \"Gulf Hurricanes And Their Effects On The Gulf Coast\". Dallas, Texas: Texas Digital Library. p. 215. Archived from the original on December 4, 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131204025024/http://journals.tdl.org/icce/index.php/icce/article/view/1489/770","url_text":"\"Gulf Hurricanes And Their Effects On The Gulf Coast\""},{"url":"http://journals.tdl.org/icce/index.php/icce/article/view/1489/770","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Heavy Damage Is Caused By Storm In Texas Towns\". The Evening Independent. Corpus Christi, Texas. Associated Press. August 31, 1942. p. 2. Retrieved April 8, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-vdPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MVUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6487,6884940&dq=texas+storm&hl=en","url_text":"\"Heavy Damage Is Caused By Storm In Texas Towns\""}]},{"reference":"\"Halfmoon Reef, TX\". Lighthousefriends.com. Archived from the original on January 29, 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130129060722/https://www.lighthousefriends.com/light.asp?ID=155","url_text":"\"Halfmoon Reef, TX\""},{"url":"http://www.lighthousefriends.com/light.asp?ID=155","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Tropical Wind Strikes Texas\". The Bulletin. Houston, Texas. United Press. August 31, 1942. p. 1. Retrieved April 8, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=G9MsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0R8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=3406,6129175&dq=texas+storm&hl=en","url_text":"\"Tropical Wind Strikes Texas\""}]},{"reference":"Schoner, R.W.; Molansky, S. \"Rainfall Associated With Hurricanes (And Other Tropical Disturbances)\" (PDF). United States Weather Bureau's National Hurricane Research Project. p. 83. Retrieved April 8, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/1956NHRPreportNo3.pdf","url_text":"\"Rainfall Associated With Hurricanes (And Other Tropical Disturbances)\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Fritz_Schmid
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Ernst Fritz Schmid
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["1 Life","2 Publications","3 Further reading","4 External links","5 References"]
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German musicologist
Ernst Fritz Schmid (7 March 1904 – 20 January 1960) was a German musicologist and Mozart scholar.
Life
Born in Tübingen, Schmid was the son of Wilhelm Schmid from Graz and grandson of Karl Emil Kauffmann. Initially, Schmid studied violin, viola and viola d'amore at the Akademie der Tonkunst in Munich from 1924 to 1927 and was also active as a violist in Düsseldorf in 1927. He then studied musicology in Freiburg, Tübingen and Vienna. He received his doctorate in 1929 and his habilitation in 1934. From 1935 to 1937 he was Extraordinarius for Musicology at the University of Tübingen and its university music director. Around 1937 he was robbed of his position by the National Socialists and initially worked as choir director in the southern German communities of Amorbach and Miltenberg as well as in Augsburg until he was enlisted as a soldier in 1940. During the war he married Lotte Köbele from Munich in 1942, with whom he had three sons. Schmid is the father of the Tübingen professor emeritus and Mozart researcher Manfred Hermann Schmid.
Since 1945, at Schmid's suggestion, classical concerts have been held in the Ottobeuren Abbey and in the Kaisersaal there in the series Ottobeurer Konzerte, partly with world-famous conductors such as Herbert von Karajan and Leonard Bernstein. Although Schmid was one of the most important co-founders of the Deutsche Mozart-Gesellschaft in 1951 and was one of the supporting institutions of the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe, there was no employment for him until the 1950s. It was not until 1958 that he was able to buy his own apartment in Augsburg.
Schmid was considered to be an internationally recognized Mozart expert and was one of the most important pioneers and collaborators of the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe and its first edition director from 1954 to 1960. In his work, however, he also devoted himself to numerous other areas of musicology, including in particular Joseph Haydn and his complete edition. On the occasion of his death the brochure In memoriam Ernst Fritz Schmid (1904-1960): ein Gedenkblatt für seine Angehörigen und Freunde was published.
In 1957 Schmid was a founding member of the Gesellschaft für Bayerische Musikgeschichte .
Schmid died in Augsburg at age 55.
Publications
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach und seine Kammermusik: With 18 collotype plates and an appendix of notes. Bärenreiter publishing house, 1931, 188 pages
Joseph Haydn Werke für das Laufwerk (Flötenuhr) für Klavier zu zwei Händen and first published by Schmid. Special edition of Nagel's music archive. Publisher Adolph Nagel, Hannover 1931.
Mozart und das geistliche Augsburg, insonderheit das Chorherrnstift Heilig Kreuz. In Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Schwaben, 55/56 (1942/43), pp. 40–202.
Ein schwäbisches Mozart Buch (1948).
Leopold Mozart (1719–1787). In Götz von Pöllnitz (edit.): Lebensbilder aus dem Bayerischen Schwaben, 3 (Publications of the Schwäbische Forschungsgemeinschaft at the Commission for Bavarian Regional History 3, 3). Hueber, Munich 1954, pp. 346–368.
Further reading
Walter Gerstenberg (1961). In memoriam Ernst Fritz Schmid (1904–1960): ein Gedenkblatt für seine Angehörigen und Freunde. Bauer-Druck.
External links
Literature by and about Ernst Fritz Schmid in the German National Library catalogue
Schmid, Ernst Fritz on BMLO
Literature von und über Ernst Fritz, Schmid on WorldCat
Schwäbisches Landesmusikarchiv Archived 2017-10-17 at the Wayback Machine
Mozartgemeinde Augsburg Archived 2012-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
Augsburger Stadtlexikon
References
^ Schmid, Ernst Fritz on IMSLP.
^ Ernst Fritz Schmid on Librarything
^ Schmid, Ernst Fritz on ÖAV
^ In memoriam Ernst Fritz Schmid (1904-1960) : ein Gedenkblatt für seine Angehörigen und Freunde on WorldCat
^ Gesellschaft für Bayerische Musikgeschichte e.V. In miz.org, 29 August 2014. Retrieved on 6 January 2010.
^ Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach und seine Kammermusik on WorldCat
^ Joseph Haydn Werke für das Laufwerk (Flötenuhr) für Klavier zu zwei Händen on WorldCat
^ Mozart und das geistliche Augsburg, insonderheit das Chorherrnstift Heilig Kreuz on WorldCat
Authority control databases International
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IdRef
Portals: Classical music Germany
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Initially, Schmid studied violin, viola and viola d'amore at the Akademie der Tonkunst in Munich from 1924 to 1927 and was also active as a violist in Düsseldorf in 1927. He then studied musicology in Freiburg, Tübingen and Vienna. He received his doctorate in 1929 and his habilitation in 1934. From 1935 to 1937 he was Extraordinarius for Musicology at the University of Tübingen and its university music director. Around 1937 he was robbed of his position by the National Socialists and initially worked as choir director in the southern German communities of Amorbach and Miltenberg as well as in Augsburg until he was enlisted as a soldier in 1940. During the war he married Lotte Köbele from Munich in 1942, with whom he had three sons. Schmid is the father of the Tübingen professor emeritus and Mozart researcher Manfred Hermann Schmid.[1][2]Since 1945, at Schmid's suggestion, classical concerts have been held in the Ottobeuren Abbey and in the Kaisersaal there in the series Ottobeurer Konzerte, partly with world-famous conductors such as Herbert von Karajan and Leonard Bernstein. Although Schmid was one of the most important co-founders of the Deutsche Mozart-Gesellschaft [de] in 1951 and was one of the supporting institutions of the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe, there was no employment for him until the 1950s. It was not until 1958 that he was able to buy his own apartment in Augsburg.[3]Schmid was considered to be an internationally recognized Mozart expert and was one of the most important pioneers and collaborators of the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe and its first edition director from 1954 to 1960. In his work, however, he also devoted himself to numerous other areas of musicology, including in particular Joseph Haydn and his complete edition. On the occasion of his death the brochure [4] In memoriam Ernst Fritz Schmid (1904-1960): ein Gedenkblatt für seine Angehörigen und Freunde was published.In 1957 Schmid was a founding member of the Gesellschaft für Bayerische Musikgeschichte [de].[5]Schmid died in Augsburg at age 55.","title":"Life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Philipp_Emanuel_Bach"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Bärenreiter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A4renreiter"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Adolph Nagel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolph_Nagel&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Leopold Mozart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Mozart"}],"text":"Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach und seine Kammermusik:[6] With 18 collotype plates and an appendix of notes. Bärenreiter publishing house, 1931, 188 pages\nJoseph Haydn Werke für das Laufwerk (Flötenuhr) für Klavier zu zwei Händen[7] and first published by Schmid. Special edition of Nagel's music archive. Publisher Adolph Nagel, Hannover 1931.\nMozart und das geistliche Augsburg, insonderheit das Chorherrnstift Heilig Kreuz.[8] In Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Schwaben, 55/56 (1942/43), pp. 40–202.\nEin schwäbisches Mozart Buch (1948).\nLeopold Mozart (1719–1787). In Götz von Pöllnitz (edit.): Lebensbilder aus dem Bayerischen Schwaben, 3 (Publications of the Schwäbische Forschungsgemeinschaft at the Commission for Bavarian Regional History 3, 3). Hueber, Munich 1954, pp. 346–368.","title":"Publications"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Walter Gerstenberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Gerstenberg"}],"text":"Walter Gerstenberg (1961). In memoriam Ernst Fritz Schmid (1904–1960): ein Gedenkblatt für seine Angehörigen und Freunde. Bauer-Druck.","title":"Further reading"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomasz_Schafernaker
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Tomasz Schafernaker
|
["1 Early life","2 Career","3 Magazine modelling","4 Personal life","5 References","6 External links"]
|
Polish-British meteorologist
Tomasz SchafernakerBorn (1979-01-08) 8 January 1979 (age 45)Gdańsk, PolandNationalityPolandUnited KingdomEducationBSc (Hons) in Meteorology, University of ReadingOccupationMeteorologistEmployerBBCTelevisionBBC WeatherWebsitetomaszschafernaker.com
Tomasz Schafernaker (born 8 January 1979) is a Polish-British meteorologist who currently works for BBC Weather.
Early life
Tomasz Schafernaker was born on 8 January 1979 in Gdańsk, Poland, and attended school both in his native Poland and in Britain. He was educated at the independent school St. John's College, Southsea, in Portsmouth, where he took A-levels in mathematics, physics and art, followed by the University of Reading where he gained a BSc (Hons) in Meteorology.
Career
After joining the Met Office, he trained as a meteorologist. He joined the BBC Weather Centre in 2000, working as a broadcast assistant, and became a presenter in the same year; this made him the youngest man to present the BBC Weather. He spent some time giving BBC regional forecasts across the UK, and presented on BBC World during the winter of 2003.
From 2004 until 2005, Schafernaker studied at the Met Office college in Exeter, Devon, and trained as a forecaster for aviation. He also worked for a time at ITV, as well as the London Weather Centre.
Schafernaker rejoined the BBC in 2006. He became famous for raising "the finger" towards, and after a gentle tease from, the BBC news presenter Simon McCoy, in the belief that he was off camera. A clip of his shocked and horrified facial expression has received more than 5.5 million hits on the video sharing website YouTube. After a set of cost-cutting measures and choice of a smaller core of national weather presenters, he was removed from broadcasting on the BBC in 2010. He was later named Best TV Weather Presenter at TRIC Awards 2010.
Still working for the Met Office, Schafernaker presented on various broadcast projects for various UK networks including The Weather Channel, Discovery Channel and Channel Four. On 29 May 2012 he joined BBC South East as a weather presenter, joining the freelance Kaddy Lee-Preston. Schafernaker returned to BBC national broadcasts on 19 January 2013. He normally forecasts on the BBC News Channel, Radio 4 or Radio 5 Live. In 2017 he was voted the most popular weather presenter in the UK in a public poll.
Magazine modelling
Schafernaker modelled for the front cover of Attitude Active a British gay magazine in January 2010 and was again photo featured by them in 2017.
Personal life
Schafernaker lives on his own and lists hobbies as going to the gym and painting. His home is in West London.
References
^ "Tomasz Schafernaker official facebook site". Facebook. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
^ a b c "Weathermen axed from BBC to cut costs | Metro News". Metro. UK. 13 October 2010. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
^ "About Me". tomaszschafernaker.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
^ a b Westbrook, Caroline (30 May 2017). "Tomasz Schafernaker has been named Britain's favourite weather presenter". Metro. London. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
^ "Babs triumphs at TRIC awards". Sky (TV). 10 March 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
^ Doran, Sarah (30 May 2017). "Tomasz Schafernaker and Windy Wilson voted the UK's favourite weather presenters". Radio Times. London. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
^ "Home". Attitude. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
^ Rigby, Sam (7 September 2017). "Picture Special: Tomasz Schafernaker". Attitude. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
^ "Pass notes: From 'Nowheresville' to on-air puking: why Tomasz Schafernaker is the UK's fave forecaster". The Guardian. London. 30 May 2017. Archived from the original on 26 November 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
^ Kelly, Guy (17 July 2020). "Tomasz Schafernaker on his lockdown hair: 'Would I have got the same abuse if I was a woman?'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
External links
Tomasz Schafernaker, BBC Weather
Tomasz Schafernaker on X
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He was educated at the independent school St. John's College, Southsea, in Portsmouth, where he took A-levels in mathematics, physics and art, followed by the University of Reading where he gained a BSc (Hons) in Meteorology.[3]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Met Office","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met_Office"},{"link_name":"BBC Weather","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Weather"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Metro2017-4"},{"link_name":"BBC World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_World"},{"link_name":"Exeter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exeter"},{"link_name":"ITV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)"},{"link_name":"the finger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_finger"},{"link_name":"Simon McCoy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_McCoy"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Metro-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Metro-2"},{"link_name":"TRIC Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIC_Awards"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Met Office","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met_Office"},{"link_name":"The Weather Channel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Weather_Channel"},{"link_name":"Discovery Channel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Channel"},{"link_name":"Channel Four","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_Four"},{"link_name":"BBC South East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_South_East"},{"link_name":"BBC News Channel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News_Channel"},{"link_name":"Radio 4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_4"},{"link_name":"Radio 5 Live","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_5_Live"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Metro2017-4"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Radio_Times_30_May_2017-6"}],"text":"After joining the Met Office, he trained as a meteorologist. He joined the BBC Weather Centre in 2000, working as a broadcast assistant, and became a presenter in the same year; this made him the youngest man to present the BBC Weather.[4] He spent some time giving BBC regional forecasts across the UK, and presented on BBC World during the winter of 2003.From 2004 until 2005, Schafernaker studied at the Met Office college in Exeter, Devon, and trained as a forecaster for aviation. He also worked for a time at ITV, as well as the London Weather Centre.Schafernaker rejoined the BBC in 2006. He became famous for raising \"the finger\" towards, and after a gentle tease from, the BBC news presenter Simon McCoy,[2] in the belief that he was off camera. A clip of his shocked and horrified facial expression has received more than 5.5 million hits on the video sharing website YouTube. After a set of cost-cutting measures and choice of a smaller core of national weather presenters, he was removed from broadcasting on the BBC in 2010.[2] He was later named Best TV Weather Presenter at TRIC Awards 2010.[5]Still working for the Met Office, Schafernaker presented on various broadcast projects for various UK networks including The Weather Channel, Discovery Channel and Channel Four. On 29 May 2012 he joined BBC South East as a weather presenter, joining the freelance Kaddy Lee-Preston. Schafernaker returned to BBC national broadcasts on 19 January 2013. He normally forecasts on the BBC News Channel, Radio 4 or Radio 5 Live. In 2017 he was voted the most popular weather presenter in the UK in a public poll.[4][6]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Attitude","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Guardian_30_May_2017-9"}],"text":"Schafernaker modelled for the front cover of Attitude[7][8] Active a British gay magazine in January 2010 and was again photo featured by them in 2017.[9]","title":"Magazine modelling"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"West London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_London"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"Schafernaker lives on his own and lists hobbies as going to the gym and painting. His home is in West London.[10]","title":"Personal life"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Tomasz Schafernaker official facebook site\". Facebook. Retrieved 19 August 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.facebook.com/pages/Tomasz-Schafernaker/317108370465","url_text":"\"Tomasz Schafernaker official facebook site\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook","url_text":"Facebook"}]},{"reference":"\"Weathermen axed from BBC to cut costs | Metro News\". Metro. UK. 13 October 2010. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://metro.co.uk/2010/10/13/rob-mcelwee-tomasz-schafernaker-and-philip-avery-axed-from-bbc-546277/","url_text":"\"Weathermen axed from BBC to cut costs | Metro News\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180826122056/https://metro.co.uk/2010/10/13/rob-mcelwee-tomasz-schafernaker-and-philip-avery-axed-from-bbc-546277/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"About Me\". tomaszschafernaker.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140613105256/http://www.tomaszschafernaker.com/www.tomaszschafernaker.com/AboutMe.html","url_text":"\"About Me\""},{"url":"http://www.tomaszschafernaker.com/www.tomaszschafernaker.com/AboutMe.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Westbrook, Caroline (30 May 2017). \"Tomasz Schafernaker has been named Britain's favourite weather presenter\". Metro. London. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://metro.co.uk/2017/05/30/tomasz-schafernaker-has-been-named-britains-favourite-weather-presenter-6671228/","url_text":"\"Tomasz Schafernaker has been named Britain's favourite weather presenter\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)","url_text":"Metro"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171005150416/http://metro.co.uk/2017/05/30/tomasz-schafernaker-has-been-named-britains-favourite-weather-presenter-6671228/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Babs triumphs at TRIC awards\". Sky (TV). 10 March 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://tv.sky.com/babs-triumphs-at-tric-awards","url_text":"\"Babs triumphs at TRIC awards\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSkyB","url_text":"Sky (TV)"}]},{"reference":"Doran, Sarah (30 May 2017). \"Tomasz Schafernaker and Windy Wilson voted the UK's favourite weather presenters\". Radio Times. London. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2017-05-30/tomasz-schafernaker-and-windy-wilson-voted-the-uks-favourite-weather-presenters/","url_text":"\"Tomasz Schafernaker and Windy Wilson voted the UK's favourite weather presenters\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Times","url_text":"Radio Times"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171010054834/http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2017-05-30/tomasz-schafernaker-and-windy-wilson-voted-the-uks-favourite-weather-presenters/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Home\". Attitude. Retrieved 27 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.attitude.co.uk/","url_text":"\"Home\""}]},{"reference":"Rigby, Sam (7 September 2017). \"Picture Special: Tomasz Schafernaker\". Attitude. Retrieved 27 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.attitude.co.uk/culture/sexuality/picture-special-tomasz-schafernaker-279761/","url_text":"\"Picture Special: Tomasz Schafernaker\""}]},{"reference":"\"Pass notes: From 'Nowheresville' to on-air puking: why Tomasz Schafernaker is the UK's fave forecaster\". The Guardian. London. 30 May 2017. Archived from the original on 26 November 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/media/shortcuts/2017/may/30/tomasz-schafernaker-weather-man-winner","url_text":"\"Pass notes: From 'Nowheresville' to on-air puking: why Tomasz Schafernaker is the UK's fave forecaster\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171126165203/https://www.theguardian.com/media/shortcuts/2017/may/30/tomasz-schafernaker-weather-man-winner","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Kelly, Guy (17 July 2020). \"Tomasz Schafernaker on his lockdown hair: 'Would I have got the same abuse if I was a woman?'\". The Telegraph. Retrieved 17 July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/style/tomasz-schafernaker-lockdown-hair-would-have-got-abuse-woman/","url_text":"\"Tomasz Schafernaker on his lockdown hair: 'Would I have got the same abuse if I was a woman?'\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Weinstein
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Jamie Weinstein
|
["1 Early life and education","2 Career","2.1 The Churchill Tommy Gun Society","2.2 The Jamie Weinstein Show","2.3 The Dispatch","2.4 JMW Productions","3 Personal life","4 References","5 External links"]
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American writer
Jamie WeinsteinBornAllentown, Pennsylvania, U.S.OccupationPolitical journalistNationalityAmericanAlma materCornell UniversityLondon School of Economics
Jamie Weinstein is an American political journalist, opinion commentator, and satirist. He currently hosts The Dispatch podcast on Mondays and formerly hosted The Jamie Weinstein Show podcast, which was at one time a National Review Online podcast.
Early life and education
Weinstein was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania. He grew up in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. He attended Cornell University, where he graduated in 2006 with a BA in history and government. He later attended the London School of Economics, where he received a MS in the history of international relations.
Career
Weinstein's work has appeared in The Weekly Standard, The Daily Beast, Rolling Stone, and The Daily Caller, where he served in the early years of the publication as senior editor. Weinstein has appeared regularly on MSNBC, Fox News, Hannity, HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher, Morning Joe, Your World with Neil Cavuto, America's Newsroom, Fox and Friends, and Red Eye w/Greg Gutfeld'".
In 2011, Weinstein won the Funniest Celebrity in Washington, D.C. stand-up comedy competition.
In 2012, Weinstein co-wrote (with Will Rahn) a satirical novella called The Lizard King: The Shocking Inside Account of Obama's True Intergalactic Ambitions by an Anonymous White House Staffer, which was published by HarperCollins. Reviewing the book, the Wall Street Journal concluded: "Funny, scurrilous and completely forgettable: This is political satire at its best. Or worst. I'm not sure which."
In early 2016, Weinstein gave a speech in favor of Virginia governor Jim Gilmore's presidential candidacy at an Iowa caucus for a story. He was not a supporter of Gilmore's candidacy.
The Churchill Tommy Gun Society
In 2013, Weinstein started The Churchill Tommy Gun Society, a dinner society that brings together some of Washington's more notable young reporters and commentators with prominent special guests from the world of media, politics and business for an off-the-record evening of dinner and drinks at his D.C. residence. He hosts the dinners with his wife, Michelle Fields.
Special guests have included Democratic and Republican presidential contenders like Cory Booker, Chris Christie, Ted Cruz, Marco Rubio and Amy Klobuchar; former CIA directors like David Petraeus and Michael Hayden; presidential confidantes like Valerie Jarrett, Roger Stone, Rahm Emanuel and Karl Rove; cable news luminaries like Joe Scarborough and Tucker Carlson; presidential cabinet members like John Bolton and Ben Carson; and billionaire businessmen like Apple CEO Tim Cook, JP Morgan CEO Jamie Dimon, Mark Cuban, former Google CEO Eric Schmidt, tech investor Peter Thiel, Endeavor CEO Ari Emanuel and co-Chairman of News Corp Lachlan Murdoch, among many others.
The Jamie Weinstein Show
In 2016, Weinstein launched The Jamie Weinstein Show, a podcast that featured in-depth interviews with Tucker Carlson, Ta-Nehisi Coates, Thomas Sowell, Sen. Tom Cotton, Roger Stone, Bill Ayers, Thomas Ravenel, Mark Cuban, Andrew Sullivan, David Brooks, Ben Smith, Don Lemon, Ezra Klein, Brian Stelter, Bret Stephens, George Will, Sen. Ted Cruz, John Bolton, H.R. McMaster, and others.
In March 2018, The New York Times praised the show as a rare political podcast that features "deep but respectful disagreement." News broken on the show is regularly written up in publications like Politico, the Washington Post, FoxNews.com, Business Insider and CNBC.
The show was placed on hiatus since 2021.
The Dispatch
Weinstein returned to podcasting in October 2023 as the host of the Monday edition of The Dispatch, a podcast.
JMW Productions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Weinstein and his wife started a production company, JMW Productions. In January 2024, the first project, a podcast in collaboration with iHeartMedia called Finding Matt Drudge, was launched. The podcast broke into the top 10 of Apple's rankings of news podcasts and was included in Apple's "New and Noteworthy" section.
Personal life
In May 2016, Weinstein became engaged to former Huffington Post political journalist Michelle Fields. The two were married on June 24, 2017.
References
^ "The Jamie Weinstein Show | National Review". www.nationalreview.com. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
^ a b "The 25 Most Influential Cornell Undergraduates". The Cornell Daily Sun. 2005-11-30. Archived from the original on 2014-08-30. Retrieved 2016-02-21.
^ a b "The FishbowlDC Interview With Daily Caller Senior Editor Jamie Weinstein". FishbowlDC. 2011-10-07. Retrieved 2015-03-29.
^ "Rand Paul's Bill Maher Problem". The Daily Beast. 2014-10-14. Retrieved 2015-03-20.
^ "Weekly Standard Archive". Weekly Standard. 2007-02-12. Retrieved 2015-03-20.
^ Weinstein, Jamie (2022-11-19). "Stop Wish Casting: Trump Is Going to Cruise to the 2024 GOP Nomination". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
^ "Article Archive". Jamie Weinstein. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
^ "Mediaite Archive". Mediaite. Retrieved 2015-03-20.
^ "Why Hillary Was An Unremarkable Senator". MSNBC.com. 2015-02-24. Retrieved 2015-03-20.
^ "Senator Scott Brown Is Funny, But 'The Daily Caller' Editor Jamie Weinstein Is Funnier". revamp.com. 2011-12-01. Retrieved 2015-03-20.
^ Weinstein, Jamie. "The Lizard King - Will Rahn - eBook". Harpercollins.com.au. Retrieved 2015-03-08.
^ Swaim, Barton (26 October 2012). "E-Book Review: The Lizard King". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
^ Weinstein, Jamie (3 February 2016). "That Time I Went to Iowa to Cover the Caucuses — and Ended Up Campaigning for Jim Gilmore". National Review Online.
^ a b "A Swamp Divided: How Trump's Arrival Turned D.C. Nightlife Upside Down". Esquire. 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
^ "Real Estate - Washingtonian". Retrieved 2023-03-31.
^ "Michelle Fields Is Shopping a TV Show Based on Her Dinner Parties - Washingtonian". 2018-03-11. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
^ "Everyone in Washington Is Having a Lovely Time". Splinter. 2018-03-02. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
^ "The Jamie Weinstein Show on Apple Podcasts". Apple Podcasts. 31 August 2021. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
^ Leonhardt, David; Philbrick, Ian Prasad (2018-03-30). "Opinion | How to Discuss American Racism". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
^ Gold, Hadas (March 9, 2016). "Trump campaign manager gets rough with Breitbart reporter". Politico. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
^ Nguyen, Tina (June 2, 2016). "Exclusive: Michelle Fields Is Not Done with Donald Trump Just Yet". Vanity Fair. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
^ "Instagram post by Michelle Fields • Jun 25, 2017 at 3:41pm UTC". Instagram. Archived from the original on 2021-12-26.
^ "Michelle Fields & Jamie Weinstein Wedding Gift Registry". Crate&Barrel. Archived from the original on 2018-11-30. Retrieved 2017-07-31.
External links
Official website
The Jamie Weinstein Show at National Review
Appearances on C-SPAN
|
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He currently hosts The Dispatch podcast on Mondays and formerly hosted The Jamie Weinstein Show podcast, which was at one time a National Review Online podcast.[1][2][3]","title":"Jamie Weinstein"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Allentown, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"Palm Beach Gardens, Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Beach_Gardens,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Cornell University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_University"},{"link_name":"BA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts"},{"link_name":"London School of Economics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_School_of_Economics"},{"link_name":"MS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto1-3"}],"text":"Weinstein was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania. He grew up in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. He attended Cornell University, where he graduated in 2006 with a BA in history and government. He later attended the London School of Economics, where he received a MS in the history of international relations.[2][3]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Weekly Standard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard"},{"link_name":"The Daily Beast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Beast"},{"link_name":"Rolling Stone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone"},{"link_name":"The Daily Caller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Caller"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"MSNBC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSNBC"},{"link_name":"Fox News","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News"},{"link_name":"Hannity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannity"},{"link_name":"Real Time with Bill Maher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_with_Bill_Maher"},{"link_name":"Morning Joe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_Joe"},{"link_name":"Your World with Neil Cavuto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Your_World_with_Neil_Cavuto"},{"link_name":"America's Newsroom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%27s_Newsroom"},{"link_name":"Fox and Friends","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_and_Friends"},{"link_name":"Red Eye w/Greg Gutfeld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Eye_w/Greg_Gutfeld"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Washington, D.C.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C."},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"HarperCollins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HarperCollins"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Jim Gilmore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Gilmore"},{"link_name":"Iowa caucus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa,_2016#Republican_caucus"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"text":"Weinstein's work has appeared in The Weekly Standard, The Daily Beast, Rolling Stone, and The Daily Caller, where he served in the early years of the publication as senior editor.[4][5][6][7] Weinstein has appeared regularly on MSNBC, Fox News, Hannity, HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher, Morning Joe, Your World with Neil Cavuto, America's Newsroom, Fox and Friends, and Red Eye w/Greg Gutfeld'\".[8][9]In 2011, Weinstein won the Funniest Celebrity in Washington, D.C. stand-up comedy competition. [10]In 2012, Weinstein co-wrote (with Will Rahn) a satirical novella called The Lizard King: The Shocking Inside Account of Obama's True Intergalactic Ambitions by an Anonymous White House Staffer, which was published by HarperCollins.[11] Reviewing the book, the Wall Street Journal concluded: \"Funny, scurrilous and completely forgettable: This is political satire at its best. Or worst. I'm not sure which.\"[12]In early 2016, Weinstein gave a speech in favor of Virginia governor Jim Gilmore's presidential candidacy at an Iowa caucus for a story. He was not a supporter of Gilmore's candidacy.[13]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Michelle Fields","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Fields"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-esquire.com-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Cory Booker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory_Booker"},{"link_name":"Chris Christie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Christie"},{"link_name":"Ted Cruz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz"},{"link_name":"Marco Rubio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio"},{"link_name":"Amy Klobuchar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar"},{"link_name":"David Petraeus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus"},{"link_name":"Michael Hayden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Hayden_(general)"},{"link_name":"Valerie Jarrett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Jarrett"},{"link_name":"Roger Stone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Stone"},{"link_name":"Rahm Emanuel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel"},{"link_name":"Karl Rove","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Rove"},{"link_name":"Joe Scarborough","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Scarborough"},{"link_name":"Tucker Carlson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucker_Carlson"},{"link_name":"John Bolton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bolton"},{"link_name":"Ben Carson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Carson"},{"link_name":"Tim Cook","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Cook"},{"link_name":"Jamie Dimon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Dimon"},{"link_name":"Mark Cuban","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Cuban"},{"link_name":"Eric Schmidt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Schmidt"},{"link_name":"Peter Thiel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Thiel"},{"link_name":"Ari Emanuel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ari_Emanuel"},{"link_name":"Lachlan Murdoch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachlan_Murdoch"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-esquire.com-14"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"sub_title":"The Churchill Tommy Gun Society","text":"In 2013, Weinstein started The Churchill Tommy Gun Society, a dinner society that brings together some of Washington's more notable young reporters and commentators with prominent special guests from the world of media, politics and business for an off-the-record evening of dinner and drinks at his D.C. residence. He hosts the dinners with his wife, Michelle Fields.[14][15]Special guests have included Democratic and Republican presidential contenders like Cory Booker, Chris Christie, Ted Cruz, Marco Rubio and Amy Klobuchar; former CIA directors like David Petraeus and Michael Hayden; presidential confidantes like Valerie Jarrett, Roger Stone, Rahm Emanuel and Karl Rove; cable news luminaries like Joe Scarborough and Tucker Carlson; presidential cabinet members like John Bolton and Ben Carson; and billionaire businessmen like Apple CEO Tim Cook, JP Morgan CEO Jamie Dimon, Mark Cuban, former Google CEO Eric Schmidt, tech investor Peter Thiel, Endeavor CEO Ari Emanuel and co-Chairman of News Corp Lachlan Murdoch, among many others.[14][16][17]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tucker Carlson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucker_Carlson"},{"link_name":"Ta-Nehisi Coates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta-Nehisi_Coates"},{"link_name":"Thomas Sowell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sowell"},{"link_name":"Sen. Tom Cotton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cotton"},{"link_name":"Roger Stone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Stone"},{"link_name":"Bill Ayers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers"},{"link_name":"Thomas Ravenel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Ravenel"},{"link_name":"Mark Cuban","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Cuban"},{"link_name":"Andrew Sullivan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan"},{"link_name":"David Brooks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brooks_(commentator)"},{"link_name":"Ben Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Smith_(journalist)"},{"link_name":"Don Lemon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Lemon"},{"link_name":"Ezra Klein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Klein"},{"link_name":"Brian Stelter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Stelter"},{"link_name":"Bret Stephens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bret_Stephens"},{"link_name":"George Will","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Will"},{"link_name":"Sen. Ted Cruz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz"},{"link_name":"John Bolton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bolton"},{"link_name":"H.R. McMaster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._R._McMaster"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"The New York Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"sub_title":"The Jamie Weinstein Show","text":"In 2016, Weinstein launched The Jamie Weinstein Show, a podcast that featured in-depth interviews with Tucker Carlson, Ta-Nehisi Coates, Thomas Sowell, Sen. Tom Cotton, Roger Stone, Bill Ayers, Thomas Ravenel, Mark Cuban, Andrew Sullivan, David Brooks, Ben Smith, Don Lemon, Ezra Klein, Brian Stelter, Bret Stephens, George Will, Sen. Ted Cruz, John Bolton, H.R. McMaster, and others.[18]In March 2018, The New York Times praised the show as a rare political podcast that features \"deep but respectful disagreement.\"[19] News broken on the show is regularly written up in publications like Politico, the Washington Post, FoxNews.com, Business Insider and CNBC.The show was placed on hiatus since 2021.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"The Dispatch","text":"Weinstein returned to podcasting in October 2023 as the host of the Monday edition of The Dispatch, a podcast.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"iHeartMedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHeartMedia"},{"link_name":"Apple","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc."}],"sub_title":"JMW Productions","text":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, Weinstein and his wife started a production company, JMW Productions. In January 2024, the first project, a podcast in collaboration with iHeartMedia called Finding Matt Drudge, was launched. The podcast broke into the top 10 of Apple's rankings of news podcasts and was included in Apple's \"New and Noteworthy\" section.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"engaged","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engagement"},{"link_name":"Huffington Post","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HuffPost"},{"link_name":"Michelle Fields","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Fields"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"In May 2016, Weinstein became engaged to former Huffington Post political journalist Michelle Fields.[20][21] The two were married on June 24, 2017.[22][23]","title":"Personal life"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"The Jamie Weinstein Show | National Review\". www.nationalreview.com. Retrieved 2018-01-06.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nationalreview.com/media/jamie-weinstein-show","url_text":"\"The Jamie Weinstein Show | National Review\""}]},{"reference":"\"The 25 Most Influential Cornell Undergraduates\". The Cornell Daily Sun. 2005-11-30. Archived from the original on 2014-08-30. Retrieved 2016-02-21.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140830231348/http://cornellsun.com/blog/2005/11/30/the-25-most-influential-cornell-undergraduates","url_text":"\"The 25 Most Influential Cornell Undergraduates\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cornell_Daily_Sun","url_text":"The Cornell Daily Sun"},{"url":"http://cornellsun.com/blog/2005/11/30/the-25-most-influential-cornell-undergraduates/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"The FishbowlDC Interview With Daily Caller Senior Editor Jamie Weinstein\". FishbowlDC. 2011-10-07. Retrieved 2015-03-29.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.adweek.com/fishbowldc/the-fishbowldc-interview-with-daily-callers-weinstein/53801/","url_text":"\"The FishbowlDC Interview With Daily Caller Senior Editor Jamie Weinstein\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FishbowlDC&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"FishbowlDC"}]},{"reference":"\"Rand Paul's Bill Maher Problem\". The Daily Beast. 2014-10-14. Retrieved 2015-03-20.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/10/14/rand-paul-s-bill-maher-problem.html","url_text":"\"Rand Paul's Bill Maher Problem\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Beast","url_text":"The Daily Beast"}]},{"reference":"\"Weekly Standard Archive\". Weekly Standard. 2007-02-12. Retrieved 2015-03-20.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.weeklystandard.com/author/jamie-weinstein","url_text":"\"Weekly Standard Archive\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weekly_Standard","url_text":"Weekly Standard"}]},{"reference":"Weinstein, Jamie (2022-11-19). \"Stop Wish Casting: Trump Is Going to Cruise to the 2024 GOP Nomination\". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2023-04-10.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/political-commentary/donald-trump-2024-primary-winner-1234633757/","url_text":"\"Stop Wish Casting: Trump Is Going to Cruise to the 2024 GOP Nomination\""}]},{"reference":"\"Article Archive\". Jamie Weinstein. Retrieved 2023-04-10.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.jamieweinstein.com/articles/","url_text":"\"Article Archive\""}]},{"reference":"\"Mediaite Archive\". Mediaite. Retrieved 2015-03-20.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mediaite.com/tag/jamie-weinstein/","url_text":"\"Mediaite Archive\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediaite","url_text":"Mediaite"}]},{"reference":"\"Why Hillary Was An Unremarkable Senator\". MSNBC.com. 2015-02-24. Retrieved 2015-03-20.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/why-hillary-was-an-unremarkable-senator-403446851873","url_text":"\"Why Hillary Was An Unremarkable Senator\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSNBC.com","url_text":"MSNBC.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Senator Scott Brown Is Funny, But 'The Daily Caller' Editor Jamie Weinstein Is Funnier\". revamp.com. 2011-12-01. Retrieved 2015-03-20.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.revamp.com/story.php?StoryID=1520","url_text":"\"Senator Scott Brown Is Funny, But 'The Daily Caller' Editor Jamie Weinstein Is Funnier\""}]},{"reference":"Weinstein, Jamie. \"The Lizard King - Will Rahn - eBook\". Harpercollins.com.au. Retrieved 2015-03-08.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.harpercollins.com.au/9780062252326/the-lizard-king","url_text":"\"The Lizard King - Will Rahn - eBook\""}]},{"reference":"Swaim, Barton (26 October 2012). \"E-Book Review: The Lizard King\". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2023-04-10.","urls":[{"url":"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203897404578076992313426344.html","url_text":"\"E-Book Review: The Lizard King\""}]},{"reference":"Weinstein, Jamie (3 February 2016). \"That Time I Went to Iowa to Cover the Caucuses — and Ended Up Campaigning for Jim Gilmore\". National Review Online.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nationalreview.com/article/430741/jim-gilmore-2016-presidential-campaign-stories","url_text":"\"That Time I Went to Iowa to Cover the Caucuses — and Ended Up Campaigning for Jim Gilmore\""}]},{"reference":"\"A Swamp Divided: How Trump's Arrival Turned D.C. Nightlife Upside Down\". Esquire. 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2023-03-31.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a26016237/dc-restaurants-bars-republicans-democrats-donald-trump/","url_text":"\"A Swamp Divided: How Trump's Arrival Turned D.C. Nightlife Upside Down\""}]},{"reference":"\"Real Estate - Washingtonian\". Retrieved 2023-03-31.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.washingtonian.com/sections/realestate/","url_text":"\"Real Estate - Washingtonian\""}]},{"reference":"\"Michelle Fields Is Shopping a TV Show Based on Her Dinner Parties - Washingtonian\". 2018-03-11. Retrieved 2023-03-31.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.washingtonian.com/2018/03/11/michelle-fields-is-shopping-a-tv-show-based-on-her-dinner-parties/","url_text":"\"Michelle Fields Is Shopping a TV Show Based on Her Dinner Parties - Washingtonian\""}]},{"reference":"\"Everyone in Washington Is Having a Lovely Time\". Splinter. 2018-03-02. Retrieved 2023-03-31.","urls":[{"url":"https://splinternews.com/everyone-in-washington-is-having-a-lovely-time-1823459832","url_text":"\"Everyone in Washington Is Having a Lovely Time\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Jamie Weinstein Show on Apple Podcasts\". Apple Podcasts. 31 August 2021. Retrieved 2023-04-10.","urls":[{"url":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-jamie-weinstein-show/id1158060960","url_text":"\"The Jamie Weinstein Show on Apple Podcasts\""}]},{"reference":"Leonhardt, David; Philbrick, Ian Prasad (2018-03-30). \"Opinion | How to Discuss American Racism\". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-04-10.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/30/opinion/how-to-discuss-american-racism.html","url_text":"\"Opinion | How to Discuss American Racism\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"}]},{"reference":"Gold, Hadas (March 9, 2016). \"Trump campaign manager gets rough with Breitbart reporter\". Politico. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadas_Gold","url_text":"Gold, Hadas"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160322075818/http://www.politico.com/blogs/on-media/2016/03/trump-campaign-manager-breitbart-reporter-220472","url_text":"\"Trump campaign manager gets rough with Breitbart reporter\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico","url_text":"Politico"},{"url":"http://www.politico.com/blogs/on-media/2016/03/trump-campaign-manager-breitbart-reporter-220472","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Nguyen, Tina (June 2, 2016). \"Exclusive: Michelle Fields Is Not Done with Donald Trump Just Yet\". Vanity Fair. Retrieved June 11, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/06/exclusive-michelle-fields-is-not-done-with-donald-trump-just-yet","url_text":"\"Exclusive: Michelle Fields Is Not Done with Donald Trump Just Yet\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)","url_text":"Vanity Fair"}]},{"reference":"\"Instagram post by Michelle Fields • Jun 25, 2017 at 3:41pm UTC\". Instagram. Archived from the original on 2021-12-26.","urls":[{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BVxJev3BEXc","url_text":"\"Instagram post by Michelle Fields • Jun 25, 2017 at 3:41pm UTC\""},{"url":"https://www.instagram.com/p/BVxJev3BEXc/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Michelle Fields & Jamie Weinstein Wedding Gift Registry\". Crate&Barrel. Archived from the original on 2018-11-30. Retrieved 2017-07-31.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181130071714/https://www.crateandbarrel.com/gift-registry/michelle-fields-and-jamie-weinstein/r5647723","url_text":"\"Michelle Fields & Jamie Weinstein Wedding Gift Registry\""},{"url":"https://www.crateandbarrel.com/gift-registry/michelle-fields-and-jamie-weinstein/r5647723","url_text":"the original"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.nationalreview.com/media/jamie-weinstein-show","external_links_name":"\"The Jamie Weinstein Show | National Review\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140830231348/http://cornellsun.com/blog/2005/11/30/the-25-most-influential-cornell-undergraduates","external_links_name":"\"The 25 Most Influential Cornell Undergraduates\""},{"Link":"http://cornellsun.com/blog/2005/11/30/the-25-most-influential-cornell-undergraduates/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.adweek.com/fishbowldc/the-fishbowldc-interview-with-daily-callers-weinstein/53801/","external_links_name":"\"The FishbowlDC Interview With Daily Caller Senior Editor Jamie Weinstein\""},{"Link":"http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/10/14/rand-paul-s-bill-maher-problem.html","external_links_name":"\"Rand Paul's Bill Maher Problem\""},{"Link":"http://www.weeklystandard.com/author/jamie-weinstein","external_links_name":"\"Weekly Standard Archive\""},{"Link":"https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/political-commentary/donald-trump-2024-primary-winner-1234633757/","external_links_name":"\"Stop Wish Casting: Trump Is Going to Cruise to the 2024 GOP Nomination\""},{"Link":"https://www.jamieweinstein.com/articles/","external_links_name":"\"Article Archive\""},{"Link":"http://www.mediaite.com/tag/jamie-weinstein/","external_links_name":"\"Mediaite Archive\""},{"Link":"http://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/why-hillary-was-an-unremarkable-senator-403446851873","external_links_name":"\"Why Hillary Was An Unremarkable Senator\""},{"Link":"http://www.revamp.com/story.php?StoryID=1520","external_links_name":"\"Senator Scott Brown Is Funny, But 'The Daily Caller' Editor Jamie Weinstein Is Funnier\""},{"Link":"http://www.harpercollins.com.au/9780062252326/the-lizard-king","external_links_name":"\"The Lizard King - Will Rahn - eBook\""},{"Link":"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203897404578076992313426344.html","external_links_name":"\"E-Book Review: The Lizard King\""},{"Link":"http://www.nationalreview.com/article/430741/jim-gilmore-2016-presidential-campaign-stories","external_links_name":"\"That Time I Went to Iowa to Cover the Caucuses — and Ended Up Campaigning for Jim Gilmore\""},{"Link":"https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a26016237/dc-restaurants-bars-republicans-democrats-donald-trump/","external_links_name":"\"A Swamp Divided: How Trump's Arrival Turned D.C. Nightlife Upside Down\""},{"Link":"https://www.washingtonian.com/sections/realestate/","external_links_name":"\"Real Estate - Washingtonian\""},{"Link":"https://www.washingtonian.com/2018/03/11/michelle-fields-is-shopping-a-tv-show-based-on-her-dinner-parties/","external_links_name":"\"Michelle Fields Is Shopping a TV Show Based on Her Dinner Parties - Washingtonian\""},{"Link":"https://splinternews.com/everyone-in-washington-is-having-a-lovely-time-1823459832","external_links_name":"\"Everyone in Washington Is Having a Lovely Time\""},{"Link":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-jamie-weinstein-show/id1158060960","external_links_name":"\"The Jamie Weinstein Show on Apple Podcasts\""},{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/30/opinion/how-to-discuss-american-racism.html","external_links_name":"\"Opinion | How to Discuss American Racism\""},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","external_links_name":"0362-4331"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160322075818/http://www.politico.com/blogs/on-media/2016/03/trump-campaign-manager-breitbart-reporter-220472","external_links_name":"\"Trump campaign manager gets rough with Breitbart reporter\""},{"Link":"http://www.politico.com/blogs/on-media/2016/03/trump-campaign-manager-breitbart-reporter-220472","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/06/exclusive-michelle-fields-is-not-done-with-donald-trump-just-yet","external_links_name":"\"Exclusive: Michelle Fields Is Not Done with Donald Trump Just Yet\""},{"Link":"https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BVxJev3BEXc","external_links_name":"\"Instagram post by Michelle Fields • Jun 25, 2017 at 3:41pm UTC\""},{"Link":"https://www.instagram.com/p/BVxJev3BEXc/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181130071714/https://www.crateandbarrel.com/gift-registry/michelle-fields-and-jamie-weinstein/r5647723","external_links_name":"\"Michelle Fields & Jamie Weinstein Wedding Gift Registry\""},{"Link":"https://www.crateandbarrel.com/gift-registry/michelle-fields-and-jamie-weinstein/r5647723","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.jamieweinstein.com/","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"http://www.nationalreview.com/media/jamie-weinstein-show","external_links_name":"The Jamie Weinstein Show"},{"Link":"https://www.c-span.org/person/?9275342","external_links_name":"Appearances"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger_O%27Keeffe
|
Ger O'Keeffe
|
["1 Playing career","1.1 Schools","1.2 Underage","1.3 Senior","2 Selector","3 References"]
|
Irish hurler and Gaelic footballer
Gerard O'Keeffe
O'Keeffe at Sea Lodge Hotel, WatervillePersonal informationIrish name
Gearóid Ó CuívSport
Gaelic footballPosition
Half-backBorn
Tralee, County KerryClub(s)Years
Club1970s-1992
Austin Stack'sClub titlesKerry titles
5Munster titles
1All-Ireland Titles
1Inter-county(ies)Years
County
Apps (scores)1973-1982
Kerry
28 (0-01)Inter-county titlesMunster titles
5All-Irelands
3NFL
4All Stars
1
Ger O'Keeffe (born 1952 in Tralee, County Kerry) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for Austin Stack's and at senior level for the Kerry county team between 1973 and 1982.
He is currently a selector with the Kerry senior football team.
Playing career
Schools
O'Keeffe was part of the St Brendan's College, Killarney side that won the Munster Colleges Corn Uí Mhuirí and Hogan Cup in 1969.
Underage
In 1970 O'Keeffe was part of the Kerry minor team that won the Munster Minor Football Championship after beating Cork in the final. Kerry later qualified for the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, where they lost out to Galway after a replay.
Senior
O'Keeffe was Kerry captain in 1977 when Kerry lost to Dublin.
He was a member of the Kerry four-in-a-row All-Ireland SFC team from 1978 to 1981.
Selector
O'Keeffe was a selector of the senior Kerry team from 2004 to 2006 and again from 2009 until the present. He was also a selector with Jack O'Connor for the Kerry U21 team in 2002 and 2008. He won an All-Ireland Under 21 medal in 1973 and won an All-Ireland Club SFC title with Austin Stacks in 1977.
References
^ "Munster Senior Football Championship Winning Teams". Munster GAA. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2009.
^ "Kerry Team profiles". Kerry GAA. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
Sporting positions
Preceded byJohn O'Keeffe
Kerry Senior Football Captain 1977
Succeeded byDenis 'Ogie' Moran
Kerry squads
vteKerry – 1973 All-Ireland Under 21 Football Champions (2nd title)
1 P. O'Mahony
2 B. Harmon
3 J. Deenihan
4 B. O'Shea
5 G. O'Keeffe
6 G. Power
7 K. O'Donoghue
8 J. Long
9 P. Lynch
10 J. Coffey
11 M. O'Sullivan
12 P. Ó Sé
13 M. O'Shea
14 J. Egan
15 M. Sheehy
Subs
M. Ferris
N. Brosnan
vteKerry – 1974 National Football League Champions (12th title)
1 P. O'Mahony
2 D. O'Sullivan
3 P. O'Donoghue
4 D. Crowley
5 P. Ó Sé
6 P. Lynch
7 G. O'Keeffe
8 J. Long
9 J. O'Keeffe
10 É. O'Donoghue
11 M. O'Sullivan
12 G. Power
13 J. Egan
14 S. Mac Gearailt
15 M. Sheehy
Manager
J. Culloty
vteKerry – 1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Champions (23rd title)
1 P. O'Mahony
2 G. O'Keeffe
3 J. O'Keeffe
4 J. Deenihan
5 P. Ó Sé
6 T. Kennelly
7 G. Power
8 P. Lynch
9 P. McCarthy
10 B. Lynch
11 D. Moran
12 M. O'Sullivan (c)
13 J. Egan
14 M. Sheehy
15 P. Spillane
Sub used
17 G. O'Driscoll for M. O'Sullivan
Subs not used
16 J. Bunyan
18 J. Long
19 B. O'Shea
20 D O'Sullivan
21 J. Walsh
Manager
M. O'Dwyer
Selectors
D. McCarthy
D. Sheahan
P. O'Shea
M. Kelly
vteKerry – 1976 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship runners-up
1 P. O'Mahony
2 G. O'Keeffe
3 J. O'Keeffe (c)
4 J. Deenihan
5 P. Ó Sé
6 T. Kennelly
7 G. Power
8 P. Lynch
9 P. McCarthy
10 D. Moran
11 M. Sheehy
12 M. O'Sullivan
13 B. Lynch
14 J. Egan
15 P. Spillane
Subs used
21 C. Nelligan for P. O'Mahony
16 S. Walsh for P. McCarthy
17 G. O'Driscoll for M. O'Sullivan
Subs not used
18 J. Long
19 A. O'Keeffe
20 J. Walsh
22 V. O'Connor
23 B. Walsh
Manager
M. O'Dwyer
Selectors
D. McCarthy
P. O'Donoghue
P. O'Shea
M. Kelly
vteKerry – 1980 All-Ireland Senior Football Champions (26th title)
1 C. Nelligan
2 J. Deenihan
3 J. O'Keeffe
4 P. Lynch
5 P. Ó Sé
6 T. Kennelly
17 G. O'Keeffe
8 J. O'Shea
9 S. Walsh
10 G. Power (c)
7 D. Moran
12 P. Spillane
13 M. Sheehy
11 T. Doyle
15 J. Egan
Sub used
19 G. O'Driscoll for G. Power
Subs not used
14 E. Liston
16 M. Spillane
18 D. O'Donoghue
20 J. Walsh
21 P. O'Mahony
Manager
M. O'Dwyer
Selectors
P. O'Shea
J. Keohane
L. Higgins
B. O'Callaghan
vteKerry – 1981 All-Ireland Senior Football Champions (27th title)
1 C. Nelligan
2 J. Deenihan (c)
3 J. O'Keeffe
4 P. Lynch
5 P. Ó Sé
6 T. Kennelly
7 M. Spillane
8 S. Walsh
9 J. O'Shea
10 G. Power
11 D. Moran
12 T. Doyle
13 M. Sheehy
14 E. Liston
15 J. Egan
Subs used
P. Spillane for J. Egan
G. O'Keeffe for M. Spillane
Subs not used
18 T. Spillane
19 P. Sheahan
20 B. O'Sullivan
21 P. O'Mahony
Manager
M. O'Dwyer
Selectors
P. O'Shea
J. Keohane
L. Higgins
B. O'Callaghan
vteKerry – 1982 National Football League Champions (14th title)
1 C. Nelligan
2 J. Deenihan (c)
3 J. O'Keeffe
4 G. O'Keeffe
5 V. O'Connor
6 T. Kennelly
7 G. Lynch
8 S. Walsh
9 J. O'Shea
10 J. McElligott
11 D. Moran
12 T. Doyle
13 G. Power
14 E. Liston
15 J. Egan
Manager
M. O'Dwyer
vteKerry – 1982 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship runners-up
1 C. Nelligan
2 G. O'Keeffe
3 J. O'Keeffe
4 P. Lynch
5 P. Ó Sé
6 T. Kennelly
7 T. Doyle
8 J. O'Shea
9 S. Walsh
10 G. Power
11 T. Spillane
12 D. Moran
13 M. Sheehy
14 E. Liston
15 J. Egan (c)
Sub used
20 P. Spillane for D. Moran
Subs not used
16 G. Lynch
17 V. O'Connor
18 M. Spillane
19 J. L. McElligott
20 P. O'Mahony
21 J. Doyle
22 H. Moynihan
23 J. Deenihan
Manager
M. O'Dwyer
Selectors
P. O'Shea
J. Keohane
L. Higgins
B. O'Callaghan
vteAustin Stacks – 1977 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Champions (1st title)
1 T. Brick
2 G. Scollard
3 N. Power
4 P. Lucey
5 F. Lawlor
6 T. O 'Keeffe
7 G. Power
8 J. O'Keeffe (Capt)
9 G. O'Keeffe
10 T Sheehan
11 D.Long
12 F. Ryan
13 J. Power
14 P. McCarthy
15 M. Sheehy
Subs used
C. Managan
Subs not used
A. O'Connor
P. Moriarty
J. L. McElligott
M. Culloty
B. Curtin
vte1976 All Star Gaelic Football Team
1 P. Cullen
2 G. O'Keeffe
3 J. O'Keeffe
4 B. Murphy
5 J. Hughes
6 K. Moran
7 G. Power
8 B. Mullins
9 D. McCarthy
10 A. O'Toole
11 T. Hanahoe
12 D. Hickey
13 B. Doyle
14 M. Sheehy
15 P. Spillane
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tralee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tralee"},{"link_name":"County Kerry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Kerry"},{"link_name":"Irish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_people"},{"link_name":"Gaelic footballer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelic_football"},{"link_name":"Austin Stack's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Stacks"},{"link_name":"Kerry county team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerry_county_football_team"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Ger O'Keeffe (born 1952 in Tralee, County Kerry) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for Austin Stack's and at senior level for the Kerry county team between 1973 and 1982.He is currently[citation needed] a selector with the Kerry senior football team.","title":"Ger O'Keeffe"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Playing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"St Brendan's College, Killarney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brendan%27s_College,_Killarney"},{"link_name":"Corn Uí Mhuirí","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_U%C3%AD_Mhuir%C3%AD"},{"link_name":"Hogan Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogan_Cup"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Schools","text":"O'Keeffe was part of the St Brendan's College, Killarney side that won the Munster Colleges Corn Uí Mhuirí and Hogan Cup in 1969.[citation needed]","title":"Playing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Munster Minor Football Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munster_Minor_Football_Championship"},{"link_name":"Cork","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_GAA"},{"link_name":"All-Ireland Minor Football Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Ireland_Minor_Football_Championship"},{"link_name":"Galway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galway_GAA"}],"sub_title":"Underage","text":"In 1970 O'Keeffe was part of the Kerry minor team that won the Munster Minor Football Championship after beating Cork in the final. Kerry later qualified for the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, where they lost out to Galway after a replay.","title":"Playing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"captain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_(Gaelic_games)"},{"link_name":"Dublin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_county_football_team"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"sub_title":"Senior","text":"O'Keeffe was Kerry captain in 1977 when Kerry lost to Dublin.[1]He was a member of the Kerry four-in-a-row All-Ireland SFC team from 1978 to 1981.","title":"Playing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Jack O'Connor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_O%27Connor_(Gaelic_footballer)"},{"link_name":"Kerry U21 team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Ireland_Under_21_Football_Championship"},{"link_name":"All-Ireland Under 21 medal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Ireland_Under_21_Football_Championship"},{"link_name":"All-Ireland Club SFC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Club_Football_Championship"},{"link_name":"Austin Stacks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Stacks"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"O'Keeffe was a selector of the senior Kerry team from 2004 to 2006 and again from 2009 until the present.[citation needed] He was also a selector with Jack O'Connor for the Kerry U21 team in 2002 and 2008. He won an All-Ireland Under 21 medal in 1973 and won an All-Ireland Club SFC title with Austin Stacks in 1977.[2]","title":"Selector"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Munster Senior Football Championship Winning Teams\". Munster GAA. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 14 September 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080719154851/http://munster.gaa.ie/teams/seniorfootball.html","url_text":"\"Munster Senior Football Championship Winning Teams\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munster_GAA","url_text":"Munster GAA"},{"url":"http://munster.gaa.ie/teams/seniorfootball.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Kerry Team profiles\". Kerry GAA. Retrieved 14 September 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.kerrygaa.ie/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2426%3Ager-okeeffe&catid=109%3Aplayer-profiles&Itemid=100060","url_text":"\"Kerry Team profiles\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerry_GAA","url_text":"Kerry GAA"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080719154851/http://munster.gaa.ie/teams/seniorfootball.html","external_links_name":"\"Munster Senior Football Championship Winning Teams\""},{"Link":"http://munster.gaa.ie/teams/seniorfootball.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.kerrygaa.ie/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2426%3Ager-okeeffe&catid=109%3Aplayer-profiles&Itemid=100060","external_links_name":"\"Kerry Team profiles\""}]
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