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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Rich_List
|
List of Chinese by net worth
|
["1 2022 Chinese billionaires top 100 list","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
|
Annual ranking of Chinese billionaires by net worth by Forbes magazine
The following are partial lists of the Forbes list of Chinese billionaires (converted into USD) and is based on an annual assessment of wealth and assets compiled and published by Forbes magazine in 2022. In 2022 China had 607 billionaires which put the country second in the world, after the United States (735).
Current richest Chinese billionaire is Zhong Shanshan, ranked as the eighth wealthiest man in the world as of March 11, 2022.
2022 Chinese billionaires top 100 list
The hundred entrepreneurs billionaires are listed as follows, including their China (mainland) rank (C#) and world rank (W#), citizenship, age, net worth, and source of wealth:
С#
W#
Name
Age(y.o.)
Net worth(billions of USD)
Source of wealth
Ref.
1
17
Zhong Shanshan
76–77
65.7-US$3.2B
The chair of Nongfu Spring
2
25
Zhang Yiming
41
50+US$14.4B
The developer of TikTok
3
34
Ma Huateng
52
37.2-US$28.6B
The chair of Tencent
4
49
He Xiangjian
81
28.3-US$9.4B
Co-founder of Midea Group
5
55
William Ding
52
25.2-US$7.8B
The CEO of Netease
6
56
Wang Wei
53–54
24.3-US$14.7B
The chair of S. F. Holding
7
59
Qin Yinglin
57–58
24.1-US$8.9B
The chair of Muyuan Foodstuff
8
62
Li Shufu
60
23.7+US$4B
The chair of Geely
9
67
Jack Ma
60
22.8-US$25.6B
The co-founder of Alibaba Group
10
79
Huang Shilin
56–57
20.3+US$7.4B
The vice-chairman of CATL
11
82
Pang Kang
67–68
19.6-US$6.8B
The chairman of Foshan Haitian Flavouring & Food Co
12
83
Wang Chuanfu
56–57
19.5+US$3.2B
The co-founder of BYD Auto
13
85
Yang Huiyan & family
41–42
18.7-US$10.9B
Owns 57 % of Country Garden's stakes
14
88
Fan Hongwei & family
56–57
18.2
Hengli Group
15
91
Jiang Rensheng
70–71
17.7-US$6.7B
The founder of Foshan Haitian Flavouring & Food Co
16
91
Wang Wenyin
55–56
17.7+US$4.5B
The chairman of Amer International Group
17
99
Sun Piaoyang
65–66
17.1-US$1.8B
The head of Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine
18
100
Luo Liguo
67–68
17.1+US$12.8B
The chair of Hoshine Silicon Industry
19
114
Lu Xiangyang
60–61
15.7+US$6.6B
Automobiles, batteries
20
116
Wei Jianjun
59–60
15.5
The head of Great Wall Motor
21
119
Wu Yajun
59–60
15.3-US$3B
Cofounder of Longfor Properties
22
126
Dang Yanbao
50–51
15.3+US$2.1B
Coal
23
134
Liu Hanyuan
59–60
13.65+US$3.35B
Agribusiness
24
138
Liu Yongxing
75–76
13.65+US$6.7B
Diversified
25
138
Wang Jianlin
69–70
13.2-US$1.6B
Real estate
26
142
Li Zhenguo & family
55–56
12.9+US$2.4B
Solar wafers and modules
27
144
Zhang Zhidong
51–52
12.8-US$10.6B
Internet media
28
146
Chen Bang
58–59
12.7-US$5.2B
Hospitals
29
146
Pei Zhenhua
64–65
12.5+US$5B
Batteries
30
154
Lin Jianhua & family
61–62
12.1+US$6.2B
Solar panel components
31
163
Lei Jun
53–54
11.7-US$11.3B
Smartphones
32
173
Colin Huang
44
11.3-US$44B
E-commerce
33
173
Jin Baofang
67–68
11.3+US$7.4B
Solar panels
34
179
Wang Xing
45
11-US$15.1B
E-commerce
35
188
Richard Liu
45
10.5-US$11.9B
E-commerce
36
192
Shuirong Li
66–67
10.3+US$8.1B
Petrochemicals
37
197
Yu Renrong
57–58
10-US$2.3B
Semiconductors
38
201
Qi Shi
53–54
9.9-US$0.5B
Financial information
39
206
Wang Laisheng
58–59
9.8-US$1B
Electronics components
40
214
Wang Laichun
53–54
9.5-US$1.2B
Electronics components
41
218
Zheng Shuliang & family
77–78
9.4+US$0.8B
Aluminum products
42
220
Cao Renxian
54–55
9.3+US$4B
Photovoltaic equipment
43
223
Liu Yonghao
71–72
9.1-US$3B
Agribusiness
44
235
Hui Ka Yan
65
8.8-US$18.9B
Real estate
45
235
Zong Qinghou
78–79
8.8
Beverages
46
241
Cai Kui
61–62
8.7-US$1.7B
Real estate
47
241
Gao Jifan
58–59
8.7+US$6.3B
Salar equipment
48
246
Wang Liping
58–59
8.8-US$4.5B
Salar equipment
49
254
Liu Jincheng
58–59
8.4-US$0.3B
Lithium batteries
50
254
Ma Jianrong & family
58–59
8.4-US$4.1B
Textiles
51
275
Yao Liangsong
58–59
8.1-US$1.5B
Furniture
52
275
Zhong Huijuan
62–63
8.1-US$11.6B
Pharmaceuticals
53
296
Ding Shizhong
53–54
7.8-US$1.6B
Sports apparel
54
296
Liang Wengen
66–67
7.8-US$6.3B
Construction equipment
55
304
Ding Shijia
59–60
7.7-US$1.6B
Sports apparel
56
304
Xu Shihui
65–66
7.7-US$1B
Snacks, beverages
57
336
Qian Dongqi & family
65–66
7.1+US$1B
Home-cleaning robots
58
343
Deng Weiming
54–55
7+US$4.2B
Battery component
59
343
Robin Li
54–55
7-US$7.7B
Internet search
60
350
Jiang Bin
56–57
6.9+US$0.7B
Acoustic components
61
386
Chen Jianhua
56–57
6.5-US$4.1B
Chemicals
62
386
Ruan Hongliang & family
62–63
6.5+US$0.8B
Glass
63
398
Cheng Xue
53–54
6.4-US$2.3B
Soy sauce
64
398
Jiang Weiping
68–69
6.4+US$2.3B
Chemicals
65
398
Li Xiaohua & family
68–69
6.3+US$3.5B
Chemicals
66
403
Miao Hangen
58–59
6.3+US$1.8B
Textiles
67
418
Lin Li
59–60
6.1+US$1.2B
Investments
68
418
Zhao Yan
56–57
7.6-US$1.5B
Biotech
69
431
Jian Jun
59–60
5.9+US$0.3B
Biomedical products
70
460
Tse Ping
71–72
5.7-US$3.2B
Biotech
71
471
Xu Jinfu
59–60
5.6+US$2.8B
Chemicals
72
490
Chen Zhiping
47–48
5.4-US$10.5B
E-cigarrets
73
490
Li Chunan
64–65
5.4-US$0.4B
Renewable energy
74
490
Lin Muqin & family
59–60
5.4
Beverages
75
490
Wang Wenjing
58–59
5.4-US$1.2B
Business software
76
490
Chris Xu
39–40
5.4
E-commerce
77
509
Shen Guojun
60–61
5.3
Retail
78
523
Chen Fashu
62–63
5.2-US$0.7B
Investments
79
523
Li Liangbin
55–56
5.2+US$1.5B
Lithum
80
523
Liang Feng
54–55
5.2+US$1.5B
Manufacturing
81
523
You Xiaoping
65–66
5.2-US$1.1B
Chemicals, spandex
82
536
Chan Laiwa & family
82–83
5.1-US$0.7B
Real estate
83
536
Wang Junshi & family
74–75
5.1+US$3.3B
Solar investments
84
536
Wang Yanqing & family
56–57
5.1+US$0.9B
Electrical equipment
85
552
Wei Fang
49–50
5+US$0.8B
Steel
86
552
Xiao Yongming
58–59
5+US$3.5B
Fertilizer
87
552
Zhang Tao
50–51
5-US$7.5B
E-commerce
88
586
Hu Baifan
60–61
4.8+US$0.3B
Pharmaceuticals
89
586
Leng Youbin
54–55
4.8-US$5.8B
Infant formula
90
586
Frank Wang
42–43
4.8
Drones
91
586
Wang Junlin
60–61
4.8-US$1.5B
Liquor
92
586
Yang Shaopeng
65–66
4.8+US$1.2B
Shipping
93
601
Chu Mang Yee & family
63–64
4.7-US$1.2B
Real estate
94
601
Lai Meisong
52–53
4.7-US$2.6B
Package delivery
95
601
Yu Yong
62–63
4.7-US$0.6B
Mining
96
622
Lin Xiucheng & family
67–68
4.6-US$0.4B
Electronics
97
622
Zhu Baoguo
61–62
4.6+US$0.1B
Pharmaceuticals
98
637
Guo Guangchang
56–57
4.5-US$2.4B
Conglomerate
99
637
Xie Liangzhi
57–58
4.5-US$2.4B
Biotech
100
637
Zhang Hejun
N/A
4.5
Electronics
See also
Forbes list of billionaires
Hurun Report
List of countries by the number of billionaires
List of wealthiest families
References
^ a b ""The World's Billionaires 2022". Forbes. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
^ "The Countries With The Most Billionaires 2022". Forbes. 5 April 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
^ "Zhong Shanshan". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "walid largab". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Ma Huateng". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "He Xiangjian". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "William Lei Ding". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Wang Wei". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Qin Yinglin". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Li Shufu". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Jack Ma". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Huang Shilin". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Pang Kang". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Wang Chuanfu". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Yang Huiyan & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Fan Hongwei & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Jiang Rensheng & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Wang Wenyin". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Sun Piaoyang". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Luo Liguo & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Lu Xiangyang". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Wei Jianjun & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Wu Yajun". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Dang Yanbao". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Liu Hanyuan". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Liu Yongxing". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Wang Jianlin". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Li Zhenguo & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Zhang Zhidong". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "ZChen Bang". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Pei Zhenhua". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Lin Jianhua & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Lei Jun". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Colin Zheng Huang". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Jin Baofang". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Wang Xing". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Richard Liu". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Shuirong Li". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Yu Renrong". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Qi Shi & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Wang Laisheng". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Wang Laichun". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Zheng Shuliang & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Cao Renxian". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Liu Yonghao & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Hui Ka Yan". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Zong Qinghou". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Cai Kui". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Gao Jifan". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Gao Jifan". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Liu Jincheng". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Ma Jianrong & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Yao Liangsong". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Zhong Huijuan". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Ding Shizhong & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Liang Wengen". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Ding Shijia". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Xu Shihui". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Qian Dongqi & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Deng Weiming & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Robin Li". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Jiang Bin". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Chen Jianhua". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Ruan Hongliang & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Cheng Xue". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Jiang Weiping". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Li Xiaohua & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Miao Hangen". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Lin Li". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Zhao Yan". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Jian Jun". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Tse Ping". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Xu Jinfu". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Chen Zhiping". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Li Chunan". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Lin Muqin & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Wang Wenjing". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Chris Xu". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Shen Guojun". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Chen Fashu". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Li Liangbin". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Liang Feng". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "You Xiaoping". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Chan Laiwa & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Wang Junshi & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Wang Yanqing & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Wei Fang". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Xiao Yongming". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Zhang Tao". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Hu Baifan". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Leng Youbin". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Frank Wang". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Wang Junlin". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Yang Shaopeng". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Chu Mang Yee & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Lai Meisong". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Yu Yong". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Lin Xiucheng & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Zhu Baoguo". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Guo Guangchang". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Xie Liangzhi & family". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
^ "Zhang Hejun". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.
External links
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Hurun Rich List – China's richest people (2020) by the Hurun Report
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|
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[{"title":"Forbes list of billionaires","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_list_of_billionaires"},{"title":"Hurun Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurun_Report"},{"title":"List of countries by the number of billionaires","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_billionaires"},{"title":"List of wealthiest families","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_families"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"\"The World's Billionaires 2022\". Forbes. Retrieved 25 April 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/list/#version:static_header:position_country:Russia","url_text":"\"\"The World's Billionaires 2022\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Countries With The Most Billionaires 2022\". Forbes. 5 April 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardjchang/2022/04/05/the-countries-with-the-most-billionaires-2022/?sh=5f5d9fefb57e","url_text":"\"The Countries With The Most Billionaires 2022\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes","url_text":"Forbes"}]},{"reference":"\"Zhong Shanshan\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/zhong-shanshan/?list=billionaires&sh=247157db49ae","url_text":"\"Zhong Shanshan\""}]},{"reference":"\"walid largab\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/zhang-yiming/?list=billionaires&sh=6d59ac831993","url_text":"\"walid largab\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ma Huateng\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/ma-huateng/?list=billionaires&sh=7a0b75695437","url_text":"\"Ma Huateng\""}]},{"reference":"\"He Xiangjian\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/he-xiangjian/?list=billionaires&sh=1f5c13422bfe","url_text":"\"He Xiangjian\""}]},{"reference":"\"William Lei Ding\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/william-lei-ding/?list=billionaires","url_text":"\"William Lei Ding\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wang Wei\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wang-wei/?list=billionaires&sh=786f3cca2b5f","url_text":"\"Wang Wei\""}]},{"reference":"\"Qin Yinglin\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/qin-yinglin/?list=billionaires&sh=3454a4766365","url_text":"\"Qin Yinglin\""}]},{"reference":"\"Li Shufu\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/li-shufu/?list=billionaires&sh=18d5a3007dc3","url_text":"\"Li Shufu\""}]},{"reference":"\"Jack Ma\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/jack-ma/?list=billionaires&sh=4f5726681ee4","url_text":"\"Jack Ma\""}]},{"reference":"\"Huang Shilin\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/huang-shilin/?list=billionaires&sh=73382b5c426b","url_text":"\"Huang Shilin\""}]},{"reference":"\"Pang Kang\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/pang-kang/?list=billionaires&sh=71aa149c5319","url_text":"\"Pang Kang\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wang Chuanfu\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wang-chuanfu/?list=billionaires&sh=1c2b2fdc1793","url_text":"\"Wang Chuanfu\""}]},{"reference":"\"Yang Huiyan & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/yang-huiyan/?list=billionaires&sh=566c6e542fa0","url_text":"\"Yang Huiyan & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Fan Hongwei & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/fan-hongwei/?list=billionaires&sh=68fe47693f1f","url_text":"\"Fan Hongwei & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Jiang Rensheng & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/jiang-rensheng/?list=billionaires&sh=12fee3df694a","url_text":"\"Jiang Rensheng & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wang Wenyin\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wang-wenyin/?list=billionaires&sh=41709dc62f19","url_text":"\"Wang Wenyin\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sun Piaoyang\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/sun-piaoyang/?list=billionaires&sh=444156733a06","url_text":"\"Sun Piaoyang\""}]},{"reference":"\"Luo Liguo & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/luo-liguo/?list=billionaires&sh=3e2276636b5d","url_text":"\"Luo Liguo & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lu Xiangyang\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/lu-xiangyang/?list=billionaires&sh=35c375517b55","url_text":"\"Lu Xiangyang\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wei Jianjun & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wei-jianjun/?list=billionaires&sh=1245305212ef","url_text":"\"Wei Jianjun & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wu Yajun\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wu-yajun/?list=billionaires&sh=3a75e1fd55e7","url_text":"\"Wu Yajun\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dang Yanbao\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/dang-yanbao/?list=billionaires&sh=19f90bd15815","url_text":"\"Dang Yanbao\""}]},{"reference":"\"Liu Hanyuan\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/liu-hanyuan/?list=billionaires&sh=fa5ea35dfe7f","url_text":"\"Liu Hanyuan\""}]},{"reference":"\"Liu Yongxing\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/liu-yongxing/?list=billionaires&sh=378d775b9abd","url_text":"\"Liu Yongxing\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wang Jianlin\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wang-jianlin/?list=billionaires&sh=23cf04a87314","url_text":"\"Wang Jianlin\""}]},{"reference":"\"Li Zhenguo & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/li-zhenguo-1/?list=billionaires&sh=62c137ff5514","url_text":"\"Li Zhenguo & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Zhang Zhidong\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/zhang-zhidong/?list=billionaires&sh=2a0206a34ae0","url_text":"\"Zhang Zhidong\""}]},{"reference":"\"ZChen Bang\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/chen-bang/?list=billionaires&sh=904f9c25275a","url_text":"\"ZChen Bang\""}]},{"reference":"\"Pei Zhenhua\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/pei-zhenhua-1/?list=billionaires&sh=76b504ba728a","url_text":"\"Pei Zhenhua\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lin Jianhua & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/lin-jianhua/?list=billionaires&sh=df9bc8f537b0","url_text":"\"Lin Jianhua & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lei Jun\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/lei-jun/?list=billionaires&sh=efac8a36e64c","url_text":"\"Lei Jun\""}]},{"reference":"\"Colin Zheng Huang\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/colin-zheng-huang/?list=billionaires&sh=16ebac8a3a92","url_text":"\"Colin Zheng Huang\""}]},{"reference":"\"Jin Baofang\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/jin-baofang/?list=billionaires&sh=16cd6b68b7cd","url_text":"\"Jin Baofang\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wang Xing\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/xing-wang/?list=billionaires&sh=cdc1d86f37a6","url_text":"\"Wang Xing\""}]},{"reference":"\"Richard Liu\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/richard-liu-1/?list=billionaires&sh=5baec819182d","url_text":"\"Richard Liu\""}]},{"reference":"\"Shuirong Li\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/shuirong-li/?list=billionaires&sh=5ed0461e1555","url_text":"\"Shuirong Li\""}]},{"reference":"\"Yu Renrong\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/yu-renrong/?list=billionaires&sh=5b909ce662c2","url_text":"\"Yu Renrong\""}]},{"reference":"\"Qi Shi & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/qi-shi/?list=billionaires&sh=d6206ef39c61","url_text":"\"Qi Shi & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wang Laisheng\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wang-laisheng/?list=billionaires&sh=3b9333a723ba","url_text":"\"Wang Laisheng\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wang Laichun\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wang-laichun/?list=billionaires&sh=17149f7b3fcb","url_text":"\"Wang Laichun\""}]},{"reference":"\"Zheng Shuliang & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/zheng-shuliang/?list=billionaires&sh=42f5be2b3865","url_text":"\"Zheng Shuliang & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Cao Renxian\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/cao-renxian/?list=billionaires&sh=3656968b317f","url_text":"\"Cao Renxian\""}]},{"reference":"\"Liu Yonghao & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/liu-yonghao/?list=billionaires&sh=28c853bc222d","url_text":"\"Liu Yonghao & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hui Ka Yan\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/hui-ka-yan/?list=billionaires&sh=19c9a068372b","url_text":"\"Hui Ka Yan\""}]},{"reference":"\"Zong Qinghou\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/zong-qinghou/?list=billionaires&sh=577b7bfe8eb8","url_text":"\"Zong Qinghou\""}]},{"reference":"\"Cai Kui\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/cai-kui/?list=billionaires&sh=30ccbb223af5","url_text":"\"Cai Kui\""}]},{"reference":"\"Gao Jifan\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/gao-jifan/?list=billionaires&sh=468d97b1188e","url_text":"\"Gao Jifan\""}]},{"reference":"\"Gao Jifan\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/gao-jifan/?list=billionaires&sh=468d97b1188e","url_text":"\"Gao Jifan\""}]},{"reference":"\"Liu Jincheng\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/gao-jifan/?list=billionaires&sh=468d97b1188e","url_text":"\"Liu Jincheng\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ma Jianrong & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/ma-jianrong/?list=billionaires&sh=72480daf2309","url_text":"\"Ma Jianrong & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Yao Liangsong\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/yao-liangsong/?list=billionaires&sh=3e196631312a","url_text":"\"Yao Liangsong\""}]},{"reference":"\"Zhong Huijuan\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/zhong-huijuan/?list=billionaires&sh=2e8a5360281e","url_text":"\"Zhong Huijuan\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ding Shizhong & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/ding-shizhong/?list=billionaires&sh=2d8b917c5582","url_text":"\"Ding Shizhong & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Liang Wengen\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/liang-wengen/","url_text":"\"Liang Wengen\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ding Shijia\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/ding-shijia/?list=billionaires&sh=1bdd15324389","url_text":"\"Ding Shijia\""}]},{"reference":"\"Xu Shihui\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/xu-shihui/?list=billionaires&sh=31bf34ce3056","url_text":"\"Xu Shihui\""}]},{"reference":"\"Qian Dongqi & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/qian-dongqi/?list=billionaires","url_text":"\"Qian Dongqi & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Deng Weiming & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/deng-weiming/?list=billionaires&sh=2c17871d7452","url_text":"\"Deng Weiming & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Robin Li\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/robin-li/?list=billionaires&sh=2f89f61533b6","url_text":"\"Robin Li\""}]},{"reference":"\"Jiang Bin\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/jiang-bin/?sh=28ce9b392fd3","url_text":"\"Jiang Bin\""}]},{"reference":"\"Chen Jianhua\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/chen-jianhua/?list=billionaires&sh=170be62e6bef","url_text":"\"Chen Jianhua\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ruan Hongliang & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/ruan-hongliang/?list=billionaires&sh=2bbd50c74cc0","url_text":"\"Ruan Hongliang & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Cheng Xue\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/cheng-xue/?list=billionaires&sh=53ee404d2640","url_text":"\"Cheng Xue\""}]},{"reference":"\"Jiang Weiping\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/jiang-weiping/?list=billionaires&sh=26cf104531db","url_text":"\"Jiang Weiping\""}]},{"reference":"\"Li Xiaohua & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/li-xiaohua/?list=billionaires&sh=614a0fee3fd0","url_text":"\"Li Xiaohua & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Miao Hangen\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/miao-hangen/?list=billionaires&sh=2dffd8213d3a","url_text":"\"Miao Hangen\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lin Li\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/lin-li/?sh=4eef3966479e","url_text":"\"Lin Li\""}]},{"reference":"\"Zhao Yan\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/zhao-yan/?list=billionaires&sh=62b1cedb6009","url_text":"\"Zhao Yan\""}]},{"reference":"\"Jian Jun\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/jian-jun/?list=billionaires","url_text":"\"Jian Jun\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tse Ping\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/tse-ping/?list=billionaires&sh=5c13a5562c04","url_text":"\"Tse Ping\""}]},{"reference":"\"Xu Jinfu\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/xu-jinfu/?list=billionaires&sh=4c14cb3a132c","url_text":"\"Xu Jinfu\""}]},{"reference":"\"Chen Zhiping\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/chen-zhiping/?list=billionaires&sh=55b65a5f73c2","url_text":"\"Chen Zhiping\""}]},{"reference":"\"Li Chunan\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/li-chunan/?list=billionaires&sh=6376d1f82dba","url_text":"\"Li Chunan\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lin Muqin & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/lin-muqin/?list=billionaires&sh=18e77c69324e","url_text":"\"Lin Muqin & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wang Wenjing\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wang-wenjing/?list=billionaires&sh=3fe824ad33b8","url_text":"\"Wang Wenjing\""}]},{"reference":"\"Chris Xu\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/chris-xu/?list=billionaires&sh=112962af7aa4","url_text":"\"Chris Xu\""}]},{"reference":"\"Shen Guojun\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/shen-guojun/?list=billionaires&sh=51ca436b1d54","url_text":"\"Shen Guojun\""}]},{"reference":"\"Chen Fashu\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wang-wenjing/?list=billionaires&sh=3fe824ad33b8","url_text":"\"Chen Fashu\""}]},{"reference":"\"Li Liangbin\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/li-liangbin/?list=billionaires&sh=1dbd6033c5cd","url_text":"\"Li Liangbin\""}]},{"reference":"\"Liang Feng\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/liang-feng/?list=billionaires&sh=65fcc67a623c","url_text":"\"Liang Feng\""}]},{"reference":"\"You Xiaoping\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/you-xiaoping/?list=billionaires&sh=422d9da91ae5","url_text":"\"You Xiaoping\""}]},{"reference":"\"Chan Laiwa & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/chan-laiwa/?list=billionaires&sh=45e66f71c600","url_text":"\"Chan Laiwa & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wang Junshi & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wang-junshi/?list=billionaires&sh=23afecf15c47","url_text":"\"Wang Junshi & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wang Yanqing & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wang-yanqing/?sh=4c71103d40a8","url_text":"\"Wang Yanqing & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wei Fang\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wei-fang/?list=billionaires&sh=79f192c62f91","url_text":"\"Wei Fang\""}]},{"reference":"\"Xiao Yongming\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/xiao-yongming/?list=billionaires&sh=65629a113d2f","url_text":"\"Xiao Yongming\""}]},{"reference":"\"Zhang Tao\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/zhang-tao/?list=billionaires&sh=ca34ef31be4e","url_text":"\"Zhang Tao\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hu Baifan\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/zhang-tao/?list=billionaires&sh=ca34ef31be4e","url_text":"\"Hu Baifan\""}]},{"reference":"\"Leng Youbin\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/leng-youbin/?list=billionaires&sh=12b4fb61401d","url_text":"\"Leng Youbin\""}]},{"reference":"\"Frank Wang\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/frank-wang/?list=billionaires&sh=4c25a5f54125","url_text":"\"Frank Wang\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wang Junlin\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wang-junlin/?list=billionaires&sh=5ec69fd62c10","url_text":"\"Wang Junlin\""}]},{"reference":"\"Yang Shaopeng\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wang-junlin/?list=billionaires&sh=5ec69fd62c10","url_text":"\"Yang Shaopeng\""}]},{"reference":"\"Chu Mang Yee & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/wang-junlin/?list=billionaires&sh=5ec69fd62c10","url_text":"\"Chu Mang Yee & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lai Meisong\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/lai-meisong/?list=billionaires&sh=47a968c46ea6","url_text":"\"Lai Meisong\""}]},{"reference":"\"Yu Yong\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/yu-yong/?list=billionaires&sh=4feaac137d9d","url_text":"\"Yu Yong\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lin Xiucheng & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/lin-xiucheng/?list=billionaires&sh=480d1bec547d","url_text":"\"Lin Xiucheng & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Zhu Baoguo\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/baoguo-zhu-1/?list=billionaires&sh=3f1cf66c74a7","url_text":"\"Zhu Baoguo\""}]},{"reference":"\"Guo Guangchang\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/baoguo-zhu-1/?list=billionaires&sh=3f1cf66c74a7","url_text":"\"Guo Guangchang\""}]},{"reference":"\"Xie Liangzhi & family\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/baoguo-zhu-1/?list=billionaires&sh=3f1cf66c74a7","url_text":"\"Xie Liangzhi & family\""}]},{"reference":"\"Zhang Hejun\". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-04-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.forbes.com/profile/baoguo-zhu-1/?list=billionaires&sh=3f1cf66c74a7","url_text":"\"Zhang Hejun\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Schmidt
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Stanley Schmidt
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["1 Biography","2 Fiction","3 Hugo Award nominations","4 Bibliography","4.1 Novels","4.2 Short fiction","4.3 Anthologies (edited)","4.4 Nonfiction","4.5 Interviews","5 References","6 External links"]
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American science fiction author and editor (born 1944)
For the American electrical engineer, see Stanley F. Schmidt.
Stanley SchmidtBornStanley Albert Schmidt (1944-03-07) March 7, 1944 (age 80)Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.OccupationEditor, writerNationalityAmericanEducationUniversity of CincinnatiCase Western Reserve University (PhD)Genrescience fiction
Stanley Albert Schmidt (born March 7, 1944) is an American science fiction author and editor. Between 1978 and 2012 he served as editor of Analog Science Fiction and Fact magazine.
Biography
Schmidt was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and graduated from the University of Cincinnati in 1966. He then attended Case Western Reserve University, where he completed his PhD in physics in 1969. After receiving his degree, he became a professor at Heidelberg College in Tiffin, Ohio, teaching physics, astronomy, and science fiction. Schmidt was editor of Analog Science Fiction and Fact magazine from 1978 to his retirement on 29 August 2012. Additionally, he has served as a member of the Board of Advisers for the National Space Society and the Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame and was Guest of Honor at BucConeer, the 1998 World Science Fiction Convention in Baltimore, Maryland.
Fiction
His first publication was "A Flash of Darkness" (Analog, September 1968); his first novel was The Sins of the Fathers (serialized in Analog from November 1973 to January 1974); and his first book was Newton and the Quasi-Apple in 1975.
One of his most recent novels, Argonaut (2002), shows an alien invasion from a new angle.
Hugo Award nominations
He was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Professional Editor every year from 1980 through 2006 (its final year), and for the Hugo Award for Best Editor Short Form every year from 2007 (its first year) through 2013. He won the Hugo for the first time in 2013. In 2013 he was awarded a Special Committee Award for his editorial work.
Bibliography
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (October 2017)
Novels
Newton and the quasi-apple. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday. 1975.
Tweedlioop. 1986.
Argonaut. 2002.
Night Ride and Sunrise. 2017.
Kyyra series
The sins of the fathers. 1976.
See also the Lifeboat Earth collection of stories below.
Short fiction
Collections
Lifeboat Earth. New York: Berkley Books. 1978.
Generation Gap and Other Stories (2002)
Stories
The Reluctant Ambassadors (1968)
. . . And Comfort to the Enemy (1969)
Lost Newton (1970)
May the Best Man Win (1971)
The Unreachable Stars (1971)
The Prophet (1972)
His Loyal Opposition (1976)
Panic (1978)
A Midsummer Newt's Dream (1979)
Camouflage (1981)
Tweedlioop (1981)
Mascots (1982)
War of Independence (1982)
The Folks Who Live on the Hill (1984)
Floodgate (1988)
The Man on the Cover (1990)
Worthsayer (1992)
Not Even a Chimney (1993)
Johnny Birdseed (1993)
The Parallels of Penzance (1998) with Michael A. Burstein
Good Intentions (1998) with Jack McDevitt
Generation Gap (2000)
The Emperor's Revenge (2002)
Lifeboat Earth series
A Thrust of Greatness (1976)
Caesar Clark (1977)
Pinocchio (1977)
Dark Age (1977)
The Promised Land (1978)
Second Interlude (1978)
First Interlude (1978)
Third Interlude (1978)
Fourth Interlude (1978)
Title
Year
First published
Reprinted/collected
Notes
A Flash of Darkness
1968
Prologue
1978
Opportunity Knocks
2014
Schmidt, Joyce & Stanley Schmidt (Oct 2014). "Opportunity Knocks". Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 134 (10): 8–17.
Night Ride and Sunrise – Part I of IV
2015
Schmidt, Stanley (July–August 2015). "Night Ride and Sunrise – Part I of IV". Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 135 (7–8): 10–42.
Later published (with the other three parts) as the novel Night Ride and Sunrise (2017)
Serial
Night Ride and Sunrise – Part II of IV
2015
Schmidt, Stanley (September 2015). "Night Ride and Sunrise – Part II of IV". Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 135 (9): 70–104.
Later published (with the other three parts) as the novel Night Ride and Sunrise (2017)
Serial
Night Ride and Sunrise – Part III of IV
2015
Schmidt, Stanley (October 2015). "Night Ride and Sunrise – Part III of IV". Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 135 (10): 70–104.
Later published (with the other three parts) as the novel Night Ride and Sunrise (2017)
Serial
Night Ride and Sunrise – Part IV of IV
2015
Schmidt, Stanley (November 2015). "Night Ride and Sunrise – Part IV of IV". Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 135 (11): 72–104.
Later published (with the other three parts) as the novel Night Ride and Sunrise (2017)
Serial
Anthologies (edited)
Unknown (1988)
Unknown Worlds: Tales from Beyond (1988) with Martin H. Greenberg
Islands in the Sky: Bold New Ideas for Colonizing Space (1996) with Robert M. Zubrin
Roads Not Taken: Tales of Alternate History (1998) with Gardner Dozois
Analog anthologies
Analog Yearbook II (1981)
The Analog Anthology #1 (1980) also appeared as: Analog's Golden Anniversary Anthology (1981) and Fifty Years of the Best Science Fiction From Analog (1981)
The Analog Anthology #2 (1982) also appeared as: Analog: Readers' Choice (1982)
Analog's Children of the Future (1982)
Analog's Lighter Side (1982)
Analog: Writers' Choice (1983)
Analog's War and Peace (1983)
Aliens from Analog (1983)
Analog: Writers' Choice, Volume II (1984)
Analog's From Mind to Mind: Tales of Communication (1984)
Analog's Expanding Universe (1986)
6 Decades: The Best of Analog (1986)
Nonfiction
Writing Science Fiction and Fantasy (1991) with Ian Randal Strock and Gardner Dozois and Tina Lee and Sheila Williams
Aliens and Alien Societies: A Writer's Guide to Creating Extraterrestrial Life-Forms (1996)
Schmidt, Stanley (2001). Which way to the future? Selected essays from Analog.
— (2008). The Coming Convergence: Surprising Ways Diverse Technologies Interact to Shape our World and Change the Future.
— (Jul–Aug 2008). "Choosing Tools". Editorial. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 128 (7–8): 4–8.
— (Oct 2008). "RSVP". Editorial. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 128 (10): 4–7.
— (Apr 2014). "Meditation on a Bar Stool". Guest Editorial. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 134 (4): 4–7.
— (Jan–Feb 2015). "Orbits to Order". Science Fact. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 135 (1&2): 30–36.
— (April 2015). "Hiding the Info-Dump, or: Feeding Information Without Choking the Reader". Special Feature. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 135 (4): 54–61.
— (June 2015). "A Future for Analog". Special Feature. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 135 (6): 7–9.
— (December 2015). "The science of Night ride and sunrise". Science Fact. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 135 (12): 38–44.
— (July–August 2016). "The end or leaving the reader satisfied". Special Feature. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 136 (7&8): 118–124.
Interviews
Zinos-Amaro, Alvaro (December 2015). "Backpack and packrat : an interview with Stanley Schmidt". Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 135 (12): 45–47.
———————
Bibliography notes
^ Originally published as a four–part serial in Analog Science Fiction and Fact during 2015.
^ Short stories unless otherwise noted.
References
External links
Stanley Schmidt's SFWA biography
Analog Science Fiction and Fact magazine
Stanley Schmidt's homepage at SFWA.org
2012 interview at Locus
20-minute interview with Stanley Schmidt, 12/08
Stanley Schmidt at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Norway
United States
Japan
Australia
Academics
CiNii
People
Trove
Other
SNAC
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Between 1978 and 2012 he served as editor of Analog Science Fiction and Fact magazine.","title":"Stanley Schmidt"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cincinnati","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati"},{"link_name":"University of Cincinnati","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati"},{"link_name":"Case Western Reserve University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University"},{"link_name":"Heidelberg College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelberg_College"},{"link_name":"Tiffin, Ohio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffin,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"physics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics"},{"link_name":"astronomy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy"},{"link_name":"National Space Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Space_Society"},{"link_name":"Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Fiction_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame"},{"link_name":"BucConeer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BucConeer"},{"link_name":"World Science Fiction Convention","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Science_Fiction_Convention"},{"link_name":"Baltimore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore"}],"text":"Schmidt was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and graduated from the University of Cincinnati in 1966. He then attended Case Western Reserve University, where he completed his PhD in physics in 1969. After receiving his degree, he became a professor at Heidelberg College in Tiffin, Ohio, teaching physics, astronomy, and science fiction. Schmidt was editor of Analog Science Fiction and Fact magazine from 1978 to his retirement on 29 August 2012. Additionally, he has served as a member of the Board of Advisers for the National Space Society and the Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame and was Guest of Honor at BucConeer, the 1998 World Science Fiction Convention in Baltimore, Maryland.","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"His first publication was \"A Flash of Darkness\" (Analog, September 1968); his first novel was The Sins of the Fathers (serialized in Analog from November 1973 to January 1974); and his first book was Newton and the Quasi-Apple in 1975.One of his most recent novels, Argonaut (2002), shows an alien invasion from a new angle.[citation needed]","title":"Fiction"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hugo Award for Best Professional Editor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Professional_Editor"},{"link_name":"Hugo Award for Best Editor Short Form","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Editor_Short_Form"}],"text":"He was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Professional Editor every year from 1980 through 2006 (its final year), and for the Hugo Award for Best Editor Short Form every year from 2007 (its first year) through 2013. He won the Hugo for the first time in 2013. In 2013 he was awarded a Special Committee Award for his editorial work.","title":"Hugo Award nominations"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Bibliography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[a]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"sub_title":"Novels","text":"Newton and the quasi-apple. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday. 1975.\nTweedlioop. 1986.\nArgonaut. 2002.\nNight Ride and Sunrise. 2017.[a]Kyyra seriesThe sins of the fathers. 1976.\nSee also the Lifeboat Earth collection of stories below.","title":"Bibliography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[b]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Michael A. Burstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_A._Burstein"},{"link_name":"Jack McDevitt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_McDevitt"}],"sub_title":"Short fiction","text":"CollectionsLifeboat Earth. New York: Berkley Books. 1978.\nGeneration Gap and Other Stories (2002)Stories[b]The Reluctant Ambassadors (1968)\n. . . And Comfort to the Enemy (1969)\nLost Newton (1970)\nMay the Best Man Win (1971)\nThe Unreachable Stars (1971)\nThe Prophet (1972)\nHis Loyal Opposition (1976)\nPanic (1978)\nA Midsummer Newt's Dream (1979)\nCamouflage (1981)\nTweedlioop (1981)\nMascots (1982)\nWar of Independence (1982)\nThe Folks Who Live on the Hill (1984)\nFloodgate (1988)\nThe Man on the Cover (1990)\nWorthsayer (1992)\nNot Even a Chimney (1993)\nJohnny Birdseed (1993)\nThe Parallels of Penzance (1998) with Michael A. Burstein\nGood Intentions (1998) with Jack McDevitt\nGeneration Gap (2000)\nThe Emperor's Revenge (2002)Lifeboat Earth seriesA Thrust of Greatness (1976)\nCaesar Clark (1977)\nPinocchio (1977)\nDark Age (1977)\nThe Promised Land (1978)\nSecond Interlude (1978)\nFirst Interlude (1978)\nThird Interlude (1978)\nFourth Interlude (1978)","title":"Bibliography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Unknown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unknown_(1988_anthology)"},{"link_name":"Unknown Worlds: Tales from Beyond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unknown_Worlds:_Tales_from_Beyond"},{"link_name":"Martin H. Greenberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_H._Greenberg"},{"link_name":"Roads Not Taken: Tales of Alternate History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roads_Not_Taken:_Tales_of_Alternate_History"},{"link_name":"Gardner Dozois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardner_Dozois"},{"link_name":"The Analog Anthology #1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Analog_Anthology_1"},{"link_name":"The Analog Anthology #2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Analog_Anthology_2"},{"link_name":"Analog's Children of the Future","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog%27s_Children_of_the_Future"},{"link_name":"Analog's Lighter Side","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog%27s_Lighter_Side"},{"link_name":"Analog: Writers' Choice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog:_Writers%27_Choice"},{"link_name":"Analog's War and Peace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog%27s_War_and_Peace"},{"link_name":"Aliens from Analog","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliens_from_Analog"},{"link_name":"Analog: Writers' Choice, Volume II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog:_Writers%27_Choice,_Volume_II"},{"link_name":"Analog's From Mind to Mind: Tales of Communication","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog%27s_From_Mind_to_Mind:_Tales_of_Communication"},{"link_name":"Analog's Expanding Universe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog%27s_Expanding_Universe"}],"sub_title":"Anthologies (edited)","text":"Unknown (1988)\nUnknown Worlds: Tales from Beyond (1988) with Martin H. Greenberg\nIslands in the Sky: Bold New Ideas for Colonizing Space (1996) with Robert M. Zubrin\nRoads Not Taken: Tales of Alternate History (1998) with Gardner DozoisAnalog anthologiesAnalog Yearbook II (1981)\nThe Analog Anthology #1 (1980) also appeared as: Analog's Golden Anniversary Anthology (1981) and Fifty Years of the Best Science Fiction From Analog (1981)\nThe Analog Anthology #2 (1982) also appeared as: Analog: Readers' Choice (1982)\nAnalog's Children of the Future (1982)\nAnalog's Lighter Side (1982)\nAnalog: Writers' Choice (1983)\nAnalog's War and Peace (1983)\nAliens from Analog (1983)\nAnalog: Writers' Choice, Volume II (1984)\nAnalog's From Mind to Mind: Tales of Communication (1984)\nAnalog's Expanding Universe (1986)\n6 Decades: The Best of Analog (1986)","title":"Bibliography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sheila Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_Williams"},{"link_name":"The Coming Convergence: Surprising Ways Diverse Technologies Interact to Shape our World and Change the Future","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/comingconvergenc00schm"}],"sub_title":"Nonfiction","text":"Writing Science Fiction and Fantasy (1991) with Ian Randal Strock and Gardner Dozois and Tina Lee and Sheila Williams\nAliens and Alien Societies: A Writer's Guide to Creating Extraterrestrial Life-Forms (1996)\nSchmidt, Stanley (2001). Which way to the future? Selected essays from Analog.\n— (2008). The Coming Convergence: Surprising Ways Diverse Technologies Interact to Shape our World and Change the Future.\n— (Jul–Aug 2008). \"Choosing Tools\". Editorial. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 128 (7–8): 4–8.\n— (Oct 2008). \"RSVP\". Editorial. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 128 (10): 4–7.\n— (Apr 2014). \"Meditation on a Bar Stool\". Guest Editorial. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 134 (4): 4–7.\n— (Jan–Feb 2015). \"Orbits to Order\". Science Fact. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 135 (1&2): 30–36.\n— (April 2015). \"Hiding the Info-Dump, or: Feeding Information Without Choking the Reader\". Special Feature. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 135 (4): 54–61.\n— (June 2015). \"A Future for Analog\". Special Feature. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 135 (6): 7–9.\n— (December 2015). \"The science of Night ride and sunrise\". Science Fact. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 135 (12): 38–44.\n— (July–August 2016). \"The end or leaving the reader satisfied\". Special Feature. Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 136 (7&8): 118–124.","title":"Bibliography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"}],"sub_title":"Interviews","text":"Zinos-Amaro, Alvaro (December 2015). \"Backpack and packrat : an interview with Stanley Schmidt\". Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 135 (12): 45–47.———————Bibliography notes^ Originally published as a four–part serial in Analog Science Fiction and Fact during 2015.\n\n^ Short stories unless otherwise noted.","title":"Bibliography"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BustedHalo.com
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Paulist Fathers
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["1 History","1.1 Hecker and the early years","1.2 Modern era","2 Mission","3 Leadership","4 Formation","5 Patrons","6 Paulist ministries","7 See also","8 References","8.1 Footnotes","8.2 Bibliography","9 External links"]
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Roman Catholic evangelical society
Not to be confused with Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit.
Missionary Society of Saint Paul the ApostleSocietas Sacerdotum Missionariorum a Sancto Paulo ApostoloAbbreviationCSPNicknamePaulist FathersFormationJuly 7, 1858; 165 years ago (July 7, 1858)FounderIsaac Thomas Hecker, CSPFounded atNew York City, New York, USTypeSociety of apostolic life of Pontifical Right for menHeadquartersMotherhouse:415 West 59th Street, New York, NY, USARegion served North AmericaMembership 107 members (includes 97 priests) as of 2020MinistriesMissionary, ecumenical, pastoral work, Media, ArtsPresidentRene I. Constanza, CSPParent organizationCatholic ChurchWebsitepaulist.org
The Paulist Fathers, officially named the Missionary Society of Saint Paul the Apostle (Latin: Societas Sacerdotum Missionariorum a Sancto Paulo Apostolo), abbreviated CSP, is a Catholic society of apostolic life of Pontifical Right for men founded in New York City in 1858 by Isaac Hecker in collaboration with George Deshon, Augustine Hewit, and Francis A. Baker.
The society's mission is to evangelize—preach the gospel or give information with the intention of converting people to Catholicism—the people of North America in a manner suited to the continent's culture.
History
Hecker and the early years
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Founder Isaac Hecker, circa 1887
Isaac Hecker was a priest of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists), as were all the founding members of the Paulists. Following their conversion to Catholicism, they wanted to create an institute of priests that could evangelize the people of North America in ways that would be more effective than previous methods. Hecker advocated using the popular means of his day, primarily preaching, the public lecture circuit, and the printing press.
Meanwhile, a misunderstanding had arisen between the American Redemptorists and their superiors. In order to seek a final and authoritative settlement of the difficulty, Hecker went to Rome as the representative of the American Fathers, to lay their case before the superior general of the order. Upon his arrival, he found the general and his council extremely hostile, and on the third day he was expelled from the order.
Hecker was supported by Redemptorist Fathers George Deshon, Augustine Hewit, Francis Baker, and Clarence Walworth, who were themselves converts to Catholicism from the Episcopal Church and were influenced significantly by the Oxford Movement. Hecker and his companions were soon after dispensed from their Redemptorist vows and were granted permission to found the Paulist Fathers in 1858 as the Missionary Priests of Saint Paul the Apostle, in honor of Paul of Tarsus, by Pope Pius IX.
Hecker received letters from the Propaganda Fide, strongly recommending him and his associates to the bishops of the United States. The Paulists got their start in the Archdiocese of New York, establishing their headquarters in a parish on 59th Street appropriately named Church of St. Paul the Apostle, granted them by John Hughes. Hecker conceived the Paulists to be a small community with a specific missionary focus. From their headquarters in New York City, they began their task of performing missionary work to non-Catholics. With the outbreak of the American Civil War the northern-based Paulists were compelled to cancel their southern missions.
Archbishop Hughes appealed to West Point graduate George Deshon to serve as a chaplain to a New York Brigade, but given that the Paulists were a newly created community and were so few in number, Deshon declined. During the New York Draft Riots of 1863 the Paulists attempted to dissuade people from violence, but only marginally succeed as efforts were hampered when Father Augustine Hewit was wounded in such an effort.
In 1865 Hecker started the "Catholic World" magazine, then the only Catholic monthly in the country. In 1866, the Catholic Publication Society was created, adding the written word to the Paulist mission. In 1870, a magazine for Catholic youth, The Young Catholic, was also created.
In 1875, the first Paulist missionaries set sail for California; other missions quickly followed in Chicago, Illinois; Winchester, Tennessee; and Austin, Texas. and in Rhode Island, Kentucky, Michigan, and as far north as Quebec. In 1925, they established WLWL, their own radio station in New York. Around 1935, the Paulists outfitted motor trailers as chapels and began a series of missions to rural areas such in states such as South Carolina, Tennessee and Utah.
Modern era
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Paulists at work
The Paulist Fathers work as missionaries in the United States. The society created the Paulist associate program for lay people who wish to associate themselves with the Paulists. The Paulists are a society of apostolic life, meaning they do not make religious vows; rather, by means of promises they are supposed to pursue their mission through living in community.
The Paulist Press, based in Mahwah, New Jersey, is a well-established publisher of hardcover and paperback books, audio and visual tapes, DVDs, and educational materials and resources for parishes. It publishes the "Classics of Western Spirituality" series. Paulist Press also maintains an online journal, founded by Isaac Hecker, called The Catholic World, which is a collection of articles on faith and culture.
In addition to serving as parish priests, the Paulists continue evangelization by means of the Paulist National Catholic Evangelization Association, National Offices, publishing and film companies as well as Paulist Mission Preachers. As of 2015 the society had 20 priests listed as available for missions. The form the missions take is largely dependent on which Paulist is giving it; the Paulists emphasize individuality, and each Paulist presents his message in his own way. The Paulists have also relatively recently created National Offices to head up some of their more important ministries.
The Paulist Office for Reconciliation is a ministry for Catholics who feel alienated or outside of the community. The office seeks to create processes, resource materials, forums, and leaders to recruit these people into the Church.
The Paulist National Office of Ecumenism and Interfaith Relations has the mission of fostering understanding, respect, and collaboration with members of other religions. The office was initially created as a means of updating and educating Paulists in these two fields as to how to go about integrating initiatives locally, but later adopted the additional role of offering consultative visits at campuses, parishes, retreats, and conferences. The office also maintains a newsletter and provides articles and resources for online ministries.
The Paulist Office for Young Adult Ministries is intended to connect young adults to faith communities. The office seeks to promote youth integration and leadership amongst Christian communities, and to see issues and concerns of youth addressed by Church leaders and organizations. This Paulist ministry has many forms such as Busted Halo which is an online spiritual magazine for peoples in their 20s and 30s; the Busted Halo Show, with Father Dave Dwyer, was picked up by the Catholic Channel on Sirius Satellite Radio. The office also hosts young adult retreats and, on occasion, hosts forums and gives presentations. Paulists also have a number of Newman Centers and campus ministries at several major universities throughout the United States; they consider this one of their highest priorities.
Built in 1928, by Thelma Todd, since the 1960s this has been the home of Paulist Productions
Paulist Productions was founded by Ellwood Kieser in California around 1960. It today creates films and television programs on a variety of subjects with spiritual concerns and matters at the heart of the production. Paulist Productions has received a number of awards and continues to develop and produce an assortment of films and series. It has produced Romero, Entertaining Angels: The Dorothy Day Story, and The Twelve Apostles.
In the early 1870s, the Paulist Fathers became the owners of a large portion of lakefront property at the southern end of Lake George in the Adirondacks in upstate New York. St. Mary's of the Lake serves as a summer retreat and site of the summer component of Paulist student formation. The facilities are available for groups, retreats, meetings, and other gatherings.
The Paulist Fathers operate Paulist Evangelization Ministries.
In March 2024 the Paulist announced that they would be suspending their ministry at Newman Hall-Holy Spirit Parish, which ministers to the students of University of California, Berkeley, a parish the order had run since 1907. The Paulists also announced they would be withdrawing from ministry at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, NY along with three other locations, citing a steep decline in vocations. There were 98 active Paulist priest in 2004, which had declined to 85 in 2014 and to 50 in 2024. If the trend continues there are estimated to be only around 30 active Paulists by 2034.
Mission
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The Paulist Fathers were the first religious community of priests (as distinct from other religious communities) founded in North America. The Paulists additionally have ministries of ecumenism, interfaith relations, and reconciliation. The Paulists seek to be a bridge between contemporary culture and Catholicism, using media to accomplish this, beginning with the founding of Catholic World magazine in 1865, and continuing with the Paulist Press and its ministries in radio, film, and on the Internet.
Because the Paulist Fathers' primary mission has been the conversion of the American people and society, almost all of its foundations (as Paulist centers of ministry are called) and priests are located in the US. There are Paulist Foundations in 11 US states and Washington, DC. They also serve the American Catholic community in Rome at San Patrizio (which replaced a former foundation at Santa Susanna in August 2017), and, until June 2015, maintained foundations in Toronto.
Leadership
The President, vice-president, and Council of the Paulist Fathers are elected to four-year terms; in addition, a First Consultor is appointed by the President. Eric Andrews succeeded Michael McGarry as president in May 2014.
Formation
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Training to become a Paulist priest is similar to religious institutes. The society is open to single Catholic men with an undergraduate degree that are in good standing with the Church. Training consists of three phases that takes usually 6 years to complete. The first phase is a year-long novitiate, designed to introduce the individual to Paulist life and to help them decide if the Paulist life is for them. The next phase consists of two years of philosophical and theological studies, followed by a one-year apostolate at a Paulist Foundation. On return from his apostolate, he returns to school for two more years and, if successful, will be awarded a Master of Divinity degree. The Paulist Seminary and Novitiate is located at St. Paul's College in Washington, DC, and in recent years Paulist students had a choice of attending either the Catholic University of America or the Washington Theological Union (now closed). Near the end of his studies, the society then decides whether he will proceed to ordination to the diaconate. Once a Deacon, the last phase of formation is a year-long pastoral internship, at the end of which the individual is ordained a priest.
Patrons
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Patron saints of the Paulist Fathers include the Virgin Mary, Paul the Apostle, Saint Joseph, Alphonsus Liguori, Francis de Sales, Thomas Aquinas, Saint Patrick, Philip Neri, Teresa of Avila, John of the Cross, Mary Magdalene, and Elizabeth Seton.
Paulist ministries
Location
Foundation
Contact
California, U.S.
Newman Hall-Holy Spirit Parish, University of California, Berkeley
2700 Dwight Way
Berkeley, CA 94704
Phone: 510-848-7812
California, U.S.
Church of St. Paul the Apostle
10750 Ohio Avenue
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Phone: 310-474-1527
California, U.S.
UCLA University Catholic Center
633 Gayley Avenue
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Phone: 310-208-5015/5016
California, U.S.
Holy Family Chinese Mission
660 California Street
San Francisco, CA 94108
Phone: 415-929-4697
California, U.S.
Old St. Mary's Cathedral
660 California Street
San Francisco, CA 94108-2566
Phone: 415-288-3800
California, U.S.
St. Mary's Chinese School & Center
910 Broadway
San Francisco, CA 94133-4204
Phone: 415-929-4690
Florida, U.S.
Paulist Fathers Residence
1225 20th Avenue
Vero Beach, FL 32960
Phone: 772-562-0500
Massachusetts, U.S.
Paulist Center
5 Park Street
Boston, MA 02108
Phone: 617-742-4460
Michigan, U.S.
Catholic Information Center
360 Division Ave S., Suite 2A
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
Phone: 616-459-7267
Michigan, U.S.
Cathedral of St. Andrew
New York, U.S.
St. Mary's on the Lake
P.O. Box 31
Lake George, NY 12845
Phone: 518-668-5594
New York, U.S.
Church of St. Paul the Apostle
405 West 59th Street
New York, NY 10019
Phone: 212-265-3495
New York, U.S.
Paulist Fathers
415 West 59th Street
New York, NY 10019
Phone: 212-265-3209
Tennessee, U.S.
Immaculate Conception Church
414 West Vine Avenue
Knoxville, TN 37902
Phone: 865-522-1508
Tennessee, U.S.
John XXIII University Parish, University of Tennessee
1710 Melrose Place
Knoxville, TN 37916
Phone: 865-523-7931
Texas, U.S.
St. Austin Catholic Parish
2026 Guadalupe Street
Austin, TX 78705-5609
Phone: 512-477-9471
Texas, U.S.
St. Paul the Apostle Chapel
201 Dalton Circle
Horseshoe Bay, TX 78657
Phone: 830-598-8342
Rome, Italy
St. Patrick's Catholic American Parish in Rome
Rome, Italy
Phone: 011-3906-4201-4554
See also
Catholicism portal
Catholic World
Institute of consecrated life
Orestes Brownson
Religious institute (Catholic)
Secular institute
Vocational Discernment in the Catholic Church
Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit
References
Footnotes
^ "Paulist Fathers (C.S.P.)".
^ Smith, Michael Paul. "Isaac Thomas Hecker." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 11 September 2021 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Hewit, Augustine Francis. Life of the Rev. Francis A. Baker, The Catholic publication house, 1869
^ a b c Elliott, Walter. "Missionary Society of St. Paul the Apostle." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 11 September 2021 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ a b "About Paulist Press". Paulist Press.
^ "St. Mary’s of the Lake", Warren County Tourism Department"
^ McKeown, Jonah (March 15, 2024). "Paulist Fathers to End Ministry at UC Berkeley After 117 years". CNA. National Catholic Register. Retrieved March 21, 2024.
^ Christian, Gina (March 20, 2024). "'TRIPLE THE ASK' Paulists, who are set to leave RPI, say whole church must do better do increase religious vocations". The Evangelist (Albany). Retrieved March 21, 2024.
^ "Where We Serve". www.paulist.org. Paulist Fathers. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
^ Arocho Esteves, Junno (7 August 2017). "American community finds a new home in Rome". National Catholic Reporter. Catholic News Service. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
^ "Paulists to withdraw from Toronto". www.paulist.org. Paulist Fathers. 12 January 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
^ "Our Leadership".
^ The Paulist Center
^ St. Patrick's Catholic American Parish in Rome
Bibliography
Hecker: A Missionary to North America. The Paulist Fathers, 997 Macarthur Boulevard, Mahwah, N.J. 07430
What Makes the Paulists Different? Vocations Office, the Paulist Fathers, 415 West 59th Street, New York, New York, 10019
Paulists and the Civil War, Paulist Office for History and Archives, North American Paulist Center, 3015 4th NE, Washington, DC, 20017
On the Road: The History of Paulist Missions, Father John E. Lynch, C.S.P., Paulist Office for History and Archives, North American Paulist Center, 3015 4th NE, Washington, DC, 20017
Isaac Hecker: An American Catholic. By David J. O'Brien. New York: Paulist Press, 1992.
Isaac Hecker and his Friends. By Joseph McSorley. New York: Paulist Press, 1972.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Missionary Society of St. Paul the Apostle". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paulists.
Official website
Paulist Productions
Paulist Press
Paulist Evangelization Ministries
Busted Halo
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
National
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Germany
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Paul_the_First_Hermit"},{"link_name":"Latin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_language"},{"link_name":"New York City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"Isaac Hecker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Hecker"},{"link_name":"George Deshon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Deshon"},{"link_name":"Augustine Hewit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_Hewit"},{"link_name":"Francis A. Baker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_A._Baker"},{"link_name":"evangelize","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelize"},{"link_name":"gospel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel"}],"text":"Not to be confused with Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit.The Paulist Fathers, officially named the Missionary Society of Saint Paul the Apostle (Latin: Societas Sacerdotum Missionariorum a Sancto Paulo Apostolo), abbreviated CSP, is a Catholic society of apostolic life of Pontifical Right for men founded in New York City in 1858 by Isaac Hecker in collaboration with George Deshon, Augustine Hewit, and Francis A. Baker.The society's mission is to evangelize—preach the gospel or give information with the intention of converting people to Catholicism—the people of North America in a manner suited to the continent's culture.","title":"Paulist Fathers"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hecker3.jpg"},{"link_name":"Isaac Hecker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Hecker"},{"link_name":"Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Most_Holy_Redeemer"},{"link_name":"Redemptorists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redemptorists"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ssmith-2"},{"link_name":"Episcopal Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Oxford Movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Movement"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Paul of Tarsus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus"},{"link_name":"Pope Pius IX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX"},{"link_name":"Propaganda Fide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples"},{"link_name":"Archdiocese of New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_New_York"},{"link_name":"Church of St. Paul the Apostle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Paul_the_Apostle_Church_(Manhattan)"},{"link_name":"John Hughes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hughes_(archbishop_of_New_York)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Elliott-4"},{"link_name":"missionary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missionary"},{"link_name":"American Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"West Point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Point"},{"link_name":"New York Draft Riots","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Draft_Riots"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-press-5"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Elliott-4"},{"link_name":"Rhode Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island"},{"link_name":"Kentucky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky"},{"link_name":"Michigan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan"},{"link_name":"Quebec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec"},{"link_name":"WLWL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLWL_(New_York_City)"},{"link_name":"South Carolina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina"},{"link_name":"Tennessee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Utah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah"}],"sub_title":"Hecker and the early years","text":"Founder Isaac Hecker, circa 1887Isaac Hecker was a priest of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists), as were all the founding members of the Paulists. Following their conversion to Catholicism, they wanted to create an institute of priests that could evangelize the people of North America in ways that would be more effective than previous methods. Hecker advocated using the popular means of his day, primarily preaching, the public lecture circuit, and the printing press.Meanwhile, a misunderstanding had arisen between the American Redemptorists and their superiors. In order to seek a final and authoritative settlement of the difficulty, Hecker went to Rome as the representative of the American Fathers, to lay their case before the superior general of the order. Upon his arrival, he found the general and his council extremely hostile, and on the third day he was expelled from the order.[2]Hecker was supported by Redemptorist Fathers George Deshon, Augustine Hewit, Francis Baker, and Clarence Walworth, who were themselves converts to Catholicism from the Episcopal Church and were influenced significantly by the Oxford Movement.[3] Hecker and his companions were soon after dispensed from their Redemptorist vows and were granted permission to found the Paulist Fathers in 1858 as the Missionary Priests of Saint Paul the Apostle, in honor of Paul of Tarsus, by Pope Pius IX.Hecker received letters from the Propaganda Fide, strongly recommending him and his associates to the bishops of the United States. The Paulists got their start in the Archdiocese of New York, establishing their headquarters in a parish on 59th Street appropriately named Church of St. Paul the Apostle, granted them by John Hughes.[4] Hecker conceived the Paulists to be a small community with a specific missionary focus. From their headquarters in New York City, they began their task of performing missionary work to non-Catholics. With the outbreak of the American Civil War the northern-based Paulists were compelled to cancel their southern missions.Archbishop Hughes appealed to West Point graduate George Deshon to serve as a chaplain to a New York Brigade, but given that the Paulists were a newly created community and were so few in number, Deshon declined. During the New York Draft Riots of 1863 the Paulists attempted to dissuade people from violence, but only marginally succeed as efforts were hampered when Father Augustine Hewit was wounded in such an effort.In 1865 Hecker started the \"Catholic World\" magazine, then the only Catholic monthly in the country. In 1866, the Catholic Publication Society was created, adding the written word to the Paulist mission. In 1870, a magazine for Catholic youth, The Young Catholic, was also created.[5]In 1875, the first Paulist missionaries set sail[citation needed] for California; other missions quickly followed in Chicago, Illinois; Winchester, Tennessee; and Austin, Texas.[4] and in Rhode Island, Kentucky, Michigan, and as far north as Quebec. In 1925, they established WLWL, their own radio station in New York. Around 1935, the Paulists outfitted motor trailers as chapels and began a series of missions to rural areas such in states such as South Carolina, Tennessee and Utah.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DaveCSP.jpg"},{"link_name":"society of apostolic life","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life"},{"link_name":"religious vows","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_vows"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Elliott-4"},{"link_name":"Mahwah, New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahwah,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Classics of Western Spirituality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classics_of_Western_Spirituality"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-press-5"},{"link_name":"Catholic World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_World"},{"link_name":"parish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parish"},{"link_name":"Paulist National Catholic Evangelization Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulist_National_Catholic_Evangelization_Association"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paulist_Fathers&action=edit"},{"link_name":"Sirius Satellite Radio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_Satellite_Radio"},{"link_name":"Newman Centers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newman_Center"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paulist_Productions_Pacific_Palisades.jpg"},{"link_name":"Thelma Todd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thelma_Todd"},{"link_name":"Paulist Productions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulist_Productions"},{"link_name":"Romero","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romero_(film)"},{"link_name":"Entertaining Angels: The Dorothy Day Story","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertaining_Angels:_The_Dorothy_Day_Story"},{"link_name":"Lake George","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_George_(lake),_New_York"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Paulist Evangelization Ministries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulist_Evangelization_Ministries"},{"link_name":"University of California, Berkeley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley"},{"link_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"sub_title":"Modern era","text":"Paulists at workThe Paulist Fathers work as missionaries in the United States. The society created the Paulist associate program for lay people who wish to associate themselves with the Paulists. The Paulists are a society of apostolic life, meaning they do not make religious vows;[4] rather, by means of promises they are supposed to pursue their mission through living in community.The Paulist Press, based in Mahwah, New Jersey, is a well-established publisher of hardcover and paperback books, audio and visual tapes, DVDs, and educational materials and resources for parishes. It publishes the \"Classics of Western Spirituality\" series.[5] Paulist Press also maintains an online journal, founded by Isaac Hecker, called The Catholic World, which is a collection of articles on faith and culture.In addition to serving as parish priests, the Paulists continue evangelization by means of the Paulist National Catholic Evangelization Association, National Offices, publishing and film companies as well as Paulist Mission Preachers. As of 2015[update] the society had 20 priests listed as available for missions. The form the missions take is largely dependent on which Paulist is giving it; the Paulists emphasize individuality, and each Paulist presents his message in his own way. The Paulists have also relatively recently created National Offices to head up some of their more important ministries.The Paulist Office for Reconciliation is a ministry for Catholics who feel alienated or outside of the community. The office seeks to create processes, resource materials, forums, and leaders to recruit these people into the Church.The Paulist National Office of Ecumenism and Interfaith Relations has the mission of fostering understanding, respect, and collaboration with members of other religions. The office was initially created as a means of updating and educating Paulists in these two fields as to how to go about integrating initiatives locally, but later adopted the additional role of offering consultative visits at campuses, parishes, retreats, and conferences. The office also maintains a newsletter and provides articles and resources for online ministries.The Paulist Office for Young Adult Ministries is intended to connect young adults to faith communities. The office seeks to promote youth integration and leadership amongst Christian communities, and to see issues and concerns of youth addressed by Church leaders and organizations. This Paulist ministry has many forms such as Busted Halo which is an online spiritual magazine for peoples in their 20s and 30s; the Busted Halo Show, with Father Dave Dwyer, was picked up by the Catholic Channel on Sirius Satellite Radio. The office also hosts young adult retreats and, on occasion, hosts forums and gives presentations. Paulists also have a number of Newman Centers and campus ministries at several major universities throughout the United States; they consider this one of their highest priorities.Built in 1928, by Thelma Todd, since the 1960s this has been the home of Paulist ProductionsPaulist Productions was founded by Ellwood Kieser in California around 1960. It today creates films and television programs on a variety of subjects with spiritual concerns and matters at the heart of the production. Paulist Productions has received a number of awards and continues to develop and produce an assortment of films and series. It has produced Romero, Entertaining Angels: The Dorothy Day Story, and The Twelve Apostles.In the early 1870s, the Paulist Fathers became the owners of a large portion of lakefront property at the southern end of Lake George in the Adirondacks in upstate New York. St. Mary's of the Lake serves as a summer retreat and site of the summer component of Paulist student formation. The facilities are available for groups, retreats, meetings, and other gatherings.[6]The Paulist Fathers operate Paulist Evangelization Ministries.In March 2024 the Paulist announced that they would be suspending their ministry at Newman Hall-Holy Spirit Parish, which ministers to the students of University of California, Berkeley, a parish the order had run since 1907. The Paulists also announced they would be withdrawing from ministry at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, NY along with three other locations, citing a steep decline in vocations. There were 98 active Paulist priest in 2004, which had declined to 85 in 2014 and to 50 in 2024. If the trend continues there are estimated to be only around 30 active Paulists by 2034.[7][8]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"religious community","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_congregation"},{"link_name":"dubious","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement"},{"link_name":"discuss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Paulist_Fathers#Dubious"},{"link_name":"priests","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)"},{"link_name":"religious","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consecrated_life"},{"link_name":"North America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America"},{"link_name":"ecumenism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecumenism"},{"link_name":"interfaith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfaith_dialogue"},{"link_name":"reconciliation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconciliation_(theology)"},{"link_name":"Catholic World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_World"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"San Patrizio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Patrizio"},{"link_name":"Santa Susanna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Susanna"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Toronto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto"}],"text":"The Paulist Fathers were the first religious community[dubious – discuss] of priests (as distinct from other religious communities) founded in North America. The Paulists additionally have ministries of ecumenism, interfaith relations, and reconciliation. The Paulists seek to be a bridge between contemporary culture and Catholicism, using media to accomplish this, beginning with the founding of Catholic World magazine in 1865, and continuing with the Paulist Press and its ministries in radio, film, and on the Internet.Because the Paulist Fathers' primary mission has been the conversion of the American people and society, almost all of its foundations (as Paulist centers of ministry are called) and priests are located in the US. There are Paulist Foundations in 11 US states and Washington, DC.[9] They also serve the American Catholic community in Rome at San Patrizio (which replaced a former foundation at Santa Susanna in August 2017),[10] and, until June 2015,[11] maintained foundations in Toronto.","title":"Mission"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"The President, vice-president, and Council of the Paulist Fathers are elected to four-year terms; in addition, a First Consultor is appointed by the President. Eric Andrews succeeded Michael McGarry as president in May 2014.[12]","title":"Leadership"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"religious institutes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_institute"},{"link_name":"Master of Divinity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Divinity"},{"link_name":"Catholic University of America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_University_of_America"},{"link_name":"Washington Theological Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Theological_Union"},{"link_name":"diaconate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaconate"}],"text":"Training to become a Paulist priest is similar to religious institutes. The society is open to single Catholic men with an undergraduate degree that are in good standing with the Church. Training consists of three phases that takes usually 6 years to complete. The first phase is a year-long novitiate, designed to introduce the individual to Paulist life and to help them decide if the Paulist life is for them. The next phase consists of two years of philosophical and theological studies, followed by a one-year apostolate at a Paulist Foundation. On return from his apostolate, he returns to school for two more years and, if successful, will be awarded a Master of Divinity degree. The Paulist Seminary and Novitiate is located at St. Paul's College in Washington, DC, and in recent years Paulist students had a choice of attending either the Catholic University of America or the Washington Theological Union (now closed). Near the end of his studies, the society then decides whether he will proceed to ordination to the diaconate. Once a Deacon, the last phase of formation is a year-long pastoral internship, at the end of which the individual is ordained a priest.","title":"Formation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Virgin Mary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Mary"},{"link_name":"Paul the Apostle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle"},{"link_name":"Saint Joseph","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Joseph"},{"link_name":"Alphonsus Liguori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori"},{"link_name":"Francis de Sales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_de_Sales"},{"link_name":"Thomas Aquinas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas"},{"link_name":"Saint Patrick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick"},{"link_name":"Philip Neri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Neri"},{"link_name":"Teresa of Avila","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_of_Avila"},{"link_name":"John of the Cross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_the_Cross"},{"link_name":"Mary Magdalene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Magdalene"},{"link_name":"Elizabeth Seton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Seton"}],"text":"Patron saints of the Paulist Fathers include the Virgin Mary, Paul the Apostle, Saint Joseph, Alphonsus Liguori, Francis de Sales, Thomas Aquinas, Saint Patrick, Philip Neri, Teresa of Avila, John of the Cross, Mary Magdalene, and Elizabeth Seton.","title":"Patrons"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Paulist ministries"}]
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[{"image_text":"Founder Isaac Hecker, circa 1887","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hecker3.jpg/170px-Hecker3.jpg"},{"image_text":"Paulists at work","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4b/DaveCSP.jpg"},{"image_text":"Built in 1928, by Thelma Todd, since the 1960s this has been the home of Paulist Productions","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Paulist_Productions_Pacific_Palisades.jpg/275px-Paulist_Productions_Pacific_Palisades.jpg"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prodigies_(film)
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The Prodigies (film)
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["1 Plot","2 Cast","2.1 French","2.2 English","3 Motion-capture performers","4 Reception","4.1 Box office","4.2 Critical reception","5 References","6 External links"]
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This article is about the 2011 film. For other uses, see Prodigy (disambiguation).
2011 French filmThe ProdigiesDirected byAntoine CharreyronScreenplay byAlexandre de La PatellièreMatthieu DelaporteBased onLa Nuit des enfants roisby Bernard LentericStarringJeffrey Evan ThomasLauren Ashley CarterMoon DaillyMusic byKlaus BadeltProductioncompaniesOnyx FilmsStudio 37Fidelite FilmsDQ EntertainmentLuxAnimationNorman StudiosDistributed byWarner Bros. (France)Remstar Films (Canada; theatrical)Entertainment One (Canada; DVD)Entertainment Film Distributors (UK/Ireland)The Weinstein Company (international)Release dates
May 2011 (2011-05) (Cannes)
8 June 2011 (2011-06-08) (France)
Running time87 minutesCountriesFranceBelgiumLuxembourgUnited KingdomIndiaCanadaPolandLanguagesFrenchEnglishGermanBudget$31.6 millionBox office$1.3 million
The Prodigies is a 2011 animated science fiction, action, horror and psychological thriller film based on La Nuit des enfants rois, a novel written by French writer Bernard Lenteric.
Released theatrically on 8 June 2011, the film received generally negative reviews from critics with most critics and audiences making comparisons between The Prodigies and two other films Village of the Damned and Law Abiding Citizen and was a box office bomb, grossing only $1 million against a budget of $31 million.
After 14 years, The film will be released in UK theatres for a September 2025 release, The film was originally set to be theatrically released in the UK for a Christmas 2022 release, but in the wake of the death of Queen Elizabeth II, Entertainment Film Distributors pushed it back to a September 2025 release due to a controversial scene at the White House for a three year delay after the Queen's death.
Plot
Ten-year-old Jimbo Farrar is a gifted child who suffers abuse at the hands of his parents. One day, in a fit of anger, Jimbo unintentionally uses his supernatural abilities, resulting in his mother's death and his father's suicide. Jimbo is then sent to a mental hospital, where he is later taken under the wing of billionaire Charles Killian, who helps him control his powers.
Twenty years later, Jimbo becomes a renowned researcher at the Killian Foundation for Gifted Children. He creates an online game called "The Game" to identify other individuals with supernatural abilities. However, when five unrelated teenagers hack his computer and discover his plans, Jimbo shuts down the game. To his surprise, he receives a mysterious message asking, "Where Are You?" Determined to find the teenagers, he sets out on a quest.
Meanwhile, Charles Killian dies, and the foundation falls into the hands of Melanie, his lesbian daughter, and Jenkins, her second-in-command. They plan to end Jimbo's game and focus on a TV show instead. To save the game and locate more gifted individuals, Jimbo proposes the idea of a televised competition called American Genius. Five hand-picked teenagers, Gil, Liza, Lee, Harry, and Sammy, are chosen as participants due to their extraordinary abilities.
However, tragedy strikes when Liza is assaulted and raped by thugs while the teenagers are gathered in Central Park. Jimbo arrives too late to prevent the attack, but the pain Liza experiences is telepathically extended to the others, and they use their abilities to defeat the assailants. Liza falls into a coma, and Jimbo discovers that Melanie plans to cover up the crime to protect the TV show.
Enraged, Jimbo confronts Melanie and loses control of his powers, leading to his dismissal from the Killian Foundation. Determined to protect the remaining teenagers, he locks himself in his office. In the meantime, the teenagers infiltrate the foundation's archives and find video recordings of Jimbo discussing his isolation and plans to bring gifted individuals together for revenge.
Inspired by Jimbo's words, Gil, Sammy, Lee, and Harry decide to avenge themselves and kill Liza's attackers, as well as the officer who covered up the crime and his wife. Jimbo is alarmed by their actions, and when he tries to reason with them, they turn against him. They order him to kill Jenkins, but Jimbo refuses, leading to a brutal attack that culminates in Jenkins' death and Jimbo being framed for the murder.
Jimbo attempts to explain the truth about their powers to the police, but he starts hallucinating and is unable to convince them. He is sent to prison, while Gil, Harry, Lee, and Sammy plan to cause destruction as a form of justice for their past suffering.
Liza awakens from her coma and informs Ann, Jimbo's wife, about the teenagers' plans to infiltrate the White House. Ann seeks help from Melanie, who organizes the final of American Genius at the White House. Ann and Liza join forces to prevent the destruction planned by the teenagers.
Jimbo breaks free from prison using his powers and reunites with Liza. Together, they rush to the White House. However, their progress is impeded by guards until Liza unleashes her powers, allowing them to escape. Meanwhile, the four gifted teenagers manipulate soldiers and bodyguards into killing each other, resulting in Melanie's death.
Gil launches a nuclear attack on Killian University, but Sammy raises the possibility that Ann's unborn child may also possess supernatural abilities, saving her life. Jimbo arrives at the bunker in the White House, learning that Gil is leading the attack. A fight ensues, and Jimbo sacrifices himself to protect Ann, but Justin, the fifth contestant, shoots Gil, ending the madness.
After Jimbo's death, Killian's company goes bankrupt. Ann receives Jimbo's phone, containing a final video message left by Liza. Liza, Harry, Sammy, and Lee continue their search for gifted individuals, using Jimbo's game. However, Gil embarks on his own dark path, plotting sinister schemes.
Months later, the whereabouts of Liza, Harry, Sammy, Lee, and Gil remain unknown, while Ann, still pregnant, is left with the legacy of Jimbo's message and the ongoing search for gifted individuals.
Cast
French
Mathieu Kassovitz as Jimbo Ferrar, the main protagonist of the movie
Alexis Tomassian as FOZZY/Young Jimbo
Claire Guyot as Ann
Sophie Chen as Lee Mishon
Thomas Sagols as Gil Yepes, the main antagonist of the movie
Jessica Monceau as Liza Everton
Julie Dumas as Melanie Killian
David Scarpuzza as Sammy Goldberg
Diouc Koma as Harry Sparks
Féodor Atkine as Charles Killian
Pierre-François Pistorio as Jenkins
Cédric Dumond as Lorenzo Carvahal
Patrick Donnay as The President
Jerome Keen as Doctor
Gautier de Fauconval as Justin
Alexandre Cross as Lieutenant Smith
Benoît Van Dorslaer as Chester
English
Jeffrey Evan Thomas as Jimbo Ferrar
Stephanie Sheh as Ann/Lee Mishon
Ben Schiller as Gil Yepes
Lauren Ashley Carter as Liza Everton
Cindy Robinson as Melanie Killian
Dick Smallberries Jr. as Sammy Goldberg
Ogie Banks as Harry Sparks
JB Blanc as Charles Killian / Priest
Bob Buccholz as Jenkins
Rene Rosado as Lorenzo Carvahal
Karen Strassman as Elizabeth Farrar (Jimbo's mom)
Ben Diskin as Diaz Arnesto
Michael Sorich as Lieutenant Jack McKenzie
Chris Marlowe as The President
Donald Leary as Lieutenant Smith
Joey Lotsko as Doctor
Wendee Lee as Liza's mother
Mari Devon as Mrs. McKenzie
Jaime Seibert as William Farrar (Jimbo's father)
Michole White as Harry's mother
Jonas Alexander Sansone as Sammy / Fozzy / Young Jimbo
Motion-capture performers
Jeffrey Evan Thomas as Jimbo Ferrar
Isabelle Van Waes as Ann
Sophie Chen as Lee Mishon
Jacob Rosenbaum as Gil Yepes/Young Jimbo
Lauren Ashley Carter as Liza Everton
Moon Dailly as Melanie Killian
Nilton Martins as Sammy Goldberg
Dante Bacote as Harry Sparks
Dominic Gould as Charles Killian
Jérôme Cachon as Jenkins
Alex Martin as Jenkins
Alain Figlarz as Lorenzo Carvahal
Patrick Vo as Diaz Arnesto
Patrice Melennec as Lieutenant Jack McKenzie
Tom Leick as Doctor/The President
Diego Mestanza as Justin
Yves Le Caignec as Lieutenant Smith
Solange Milhaud as Liza's mother/Mrs. McKenzie
Arnita Swanson as Harry's mother
Reception
Box office
The Prodigies grossed a worldwide total of $1.3 million against a budget of $31.6 million, making the film a box office bomb.
In France, the film was released in 282 theaters and grossed $957,287 in its opening weekend, ranking 11th. In its second weekend, the film grossed $322,595 from 279 theaters, falling down to 16th.
Critical reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 20% based on 5 reviews, with an average rating of 3.1/10.
Linda Barnard of Toronto Star wrote that the film was "too violent for youngsters and so poorly written it won't engage an older audience, it seems to be targeted towards youthful nerds nursing overwhelming revenge fantasies." Liz Braun of Jam! Movies wrote, "You wouldn't expose a teenager to this, that's for sure, but the storytelling is so ham-handed that few adults would sit still for it" Dave McGinn of Globe and Mail was critical, writing, "The Prodigies pulls together a lot of familiar tropes from superhero movies without adding anything new or compelling to the genre."
In contrast, Sarah Gopaul of Digital Journal gave the film a positive review, stating, "The Prodigies delivers a noteworthy new approach to the “teens with super powers” genre that is worth the big screen treatment."
References
^ John Hopewell, Elsa Keslassy (16 January 2014). "Soumache, Rassam Launch ON Entertainment". variety.com. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
^ "The Prodigies". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
^ "French 2011 Weekend 23". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
^ "French 2011 Weekend 24". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
^ "The Prodigies (2010)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
^ "Review: 'The Prodigies' secret ability is quality". Digital Journal. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
External links
The Prodigies at IMDb
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Space Jam: A New Legacy (2021)
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Cartoon Network StudiosAdult SwimWilliams Street
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Ramayana: The Epic (2010)
Gintama: The Movie (2010)
Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010)
The Prodigies (2011)
Happy Feet Two (2011)
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Puella Magi Madoka Magica The Movie Part III: Rebellion (2013)
A Certain Magical Index: The Movie – The Miracle of Endymion (2013)
Gintama: The Movie: The Final Chapter: Be Forever Yorozuya (2013)
A Turtle's Tale 2: Sammy's Escape from Paradise (2013)
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Related lists
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|
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For other uses, see Prodigy (disambiguation).2011 French filmThe Prodigies is a 2011 animated science fiction, action, horror and psychological thriller film based on La Nuit des enfants rois, a novel written by French writer Bernard Lenteric.Released theatrically on 8 June 2011, the film received generally negative reviews from critics with most critics and audiences making comparisons between The Prodigies and two other films Village of the Damned and Law Abiding Citizen and was a box office bomb, grossing only $1 million against a budget of $31 million.After 14 years, The film will be released in UK theatres for a September 2025 release, The film was originally set to be theatrically released in the UK for a Christmas 2022 release, but in the wake of the death of Queen Elizabeth II, Entertainment Film Distributors pushed it back to a September 2025 release due to a controversial scene at the White House for a three year delay after the Queen's death.","title":"The Prodigies (film)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"supernatural","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernatural"},{"link_name":"mental hospital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital"},{"link_name":"lesbian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian"},{"link_name":"Central Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park"},{"link_name":"coma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma"},{"link_name":"hallucinating","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucination"},{"link_name":"White House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House"},{"link_name":"nuclear attack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_warfare"}],"text":"Ten-year-old Jimbo Farrar is a gifted child who suffers abuse at the hands of his parents. One day, in a fit of anger, Jimbo unintentionally uses his supernatural abilities, resulting in his mother's death and his father's suicide. Jimbo is then sent to a mental hospital, where he is later taken under the wing of billionaire Charles Killian, who helps him control his powers.Twenty years later, Jimbo becomes a renowned researcher at the Killian Foundation for Gifted Children. He creates an online game called \"The Game\" to identify other individuals with supernatural abilities. However, when five unrelated teenagers hack his computer and discover his plans, Jimbo shuts down the game. To his surprise, he receives a mysterious message asking, \"Where Are You?\" Determined to find the teenagers, he sets out on a quest.Meanwhile, Charles Killian dies, and the foundation falls into the hands of Melanie, his lesbian daughter, and Jenkins, her second-in-command. They plan to end Jimbo's game and focus on a TV show instead. To save the game and locate more gifted individuals, Jimbo proposes the idea of a televised competition called American Genius. Five hand-picked teenagers, Gil, Liza, Lee, Harry, and Sammy, are chosen as participants due to their extraordinary abilities.However, tragedy strikes when Liza is assaulted and raped by thugs while the teenagers are gathered in Central Park. Jimbo arrives too late to prevent the attack, but the pain Liza experiences is telepathically extended to the others, and they use their abilities to defeat the assailants. Liza falls into a coma, and Jimbo discovers that Melanie plans to cover up the crime to protect the TV show.Enraged, Jimbo confronts Melanie and loses control of his powers, leading to his dismissal from the Killian Foundation. Determined to protect the remaining teenagers, he locks himself in his office. In the meantime, the teenagers infiltrate the foundation's archives and find video recordings of Jimbo discussing his isolation and plans to bring gifted individuals together for revenge.Inspired by Jimbo's words, Gil, Sammy, Lee, and Harry decide to avenge themselves and kill Liza's attackers, as well as the officer who covered up the crime and his wife. Jimbo is alarmed by their actions, and when he tries to reason with them, they turn against him. They order him to kill Jenkins, but Jimbo refuses, leading to a brutal attack that culminates in Jenkins' death and Jimbo being framed for the murder.Jimbo attempts to explain the truth about their powers to the police, but he starts hallucinating and is unable to convince them. He is sent to prison, while Gil, Harry, Lee, and Sammy plan to cause destruction as a form of justice for their past suffering.Liza awakens from her coma and informs Ann, Jimbo's wife, about the teenagers' plans to infiltrate the White House. Ann seeks help from Melanie, who organizes the final of American Genius at the White House. Ann and Liza join forces to prevent the destruction planned by the teenagers.Jimbo breaks free from prison using his powers and reunites with Liza. Together, they rush to the White House. However, their progress is impeded by guards until Liza unleashes her powers, allowing them to escape. Meanwhile, the four gifted teenagers manipulate soldiers and bodyguards into killing each other, resulting in Melanie's death.Gil launches a nuclear attack on Killian University, but Sammy raises the possibility that Ann's unborn child may also possess supernatural abilities, saving her life. Jimbo arrives at the bunker in the White House, learning that Gil is leading the attack. A fight ensues, and Jimbo sacrifices himself to protect Ann, but Justin, the fifth contestant, shoots Gil, ending the madness.After Jimbo's death, Killian's company goes bankrupt. Ann receives Jimbo's phone, containing a final video message left by Liza. Liza, Harry, Sammy, and Lee continue their search for gifted individuals, using Jimbo's game. However, Gil embarks on his own dark path, plotting sinister schemes.Months later, the whereabouts of Liza, Harry, Sammy, Lee, and Gil remain unknown, while Ann, still pregnant, is left with the legacy of Jimbo's message and the ongoing search for gifted individuals.","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mathieu Kassovitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathieu_Kassovitz"},{"link_name":"Alexis Tomassian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Tomassian"},{"link_name":"Claire Guyot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Guyot"},{"link_name":"Jessica Monceau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jessica_Monceau&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"fr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Monceau"},{"link_name":"Julie Dumas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julie_Dumas&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"fr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Dumas"},{"link_name":"Diouc Koma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diouc_Koma&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"fr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diouc_Koma"},{"link_name":"Féodor Atkine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9odor_Atkine"},{"link_name":"Gautier de Fauconval","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gautier_de_Fauconval&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"fr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautier_de_Fauconval"}],"sub_title":"French","text":"Mathieu Kassovitz as Jimbo Ferrar, the main protagonist of the movie\nAlexis Tomassian as FOZZY/Young Jimbo\nClaire Guyot as Ann\nSophie Chen as Lee Mishon\nThomas Sagols as Gil Yepes, the main antagonist of the movie\nJessica Monceau [fr] as Liza Everton\nJulie Dumas [fr] as Melanie Killian\nDavid Scarpuzza as Sammy Goldberg\nDiouc Koma [fr] as Harry Sparks\nFéodor Atkine as Charles Killian\nPierre-François Pistorio as Jenkins\nCédric Dumond as Lorenzo Carvahal\nPatrick Donnay as The President\nJerome Keen as Doctor\nGautier de Fauconval [fr] as Justin\nAlexandre Cross as Lieutenant Smith\nBenoît Van Dorslaer as Chester","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Stephanie Sheh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Sheh"},{"link_name":"Lauren Ashley Carter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauren_Ashley_Carter"},{"link_name":"Cindy Robinson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cindy_Robinson"},{"link_name":"Ogie Banks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogie_Banks"},{"link_name":"JB Blanc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JB_Blanc"},{"link_name":"Karen Strassman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Strassman"},{"link_name":"Ben Diskin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Diskin"},{"link_name":"Michael Sorich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sorich"},{"link_name":"Chris Marlowe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Marlowe"},{"link_name":"Joey Lotsko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joey_Lotsko"},{"link_name":"Wendee Lee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendee_Lee"},{"link_name":"Mari Devon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Devon"},{"link_name":"Michole White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michole_White"}],"sub_title":"English","text":"Jeffrey Evan Thomas as Jimbo Ferrar\nStephanie Sheh as Ann/Lee Mishon\nBen Schiller as Gil Yepes\nLauren Ashley Carter as Liza Everton\nCindy Robinson as Melanie Killian\nDick Smallberries Jr. as Sammy Goldberg\nOgie Banks as Harry Sparks\nJB Blanc as Charles Killian / Priest\nBob Buccholz as Jenkins\nRene Rosado as Lorenzo Carvahal\nKaren Strassman as Elizabeth Farrar (Jimbo's mom)\nBen Diskin as Diaz Arnesto\nMichael Sorich as Lieutenant Jack McKenzie\nChris Marlowe as The President\nDonald Leary as Lieutenant Smith\nJoey Lotsko as Doctor\nWendee Lee as Liza's mother\nMari Devon as Mrs. McKenzie\nJaime Seibert as William Farrar (Jimbo's father)\nMichole White as Harry's mother\nJonas Alexander Sansone as Sammy / Fozzy / Young Jimbo","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lauren Ashley Carter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauren_Ashley_Carter"},{"link_name":"Dominic Gould","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Gould"}],"text":"Jeffrey Evan Thomas as Jimbo Ferrar\nIsabelle Van Waes as Ann\nSophie Chen as Lee Mishon\nJacob Rosenbaum as Gil Yepes/Young Jimbo\nLauren Ashley Carter as Liza Everton\nMoon Dailly as Melanie Killian\nNilton Martins as Sammy Goldberg\nDante Bacote as Harry Sparks\nDominic Gould as Charles Killian\nJérôme Cachon as Jenkins\nAlex Martin as Jenkins\nAlain Figlarz as Lorenzo Carvahal\nPatrick Vo as Diaz Arnesto\nPatrice Melennec as Lieutenant Jack McKenzie\nTom Leick as Doctor/The President\nDiego Mestanza as Justin\nYves Le Caignec as Lieutenant Smith\nSolange Milhaud as Liza's mother/Mrs. McKenzie\nArnita Swanson as Harry's mother","title":"Motion-capture performers"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"box office bomb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box-office_bomb"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"sub_title":"Box office","text":"The Prodigies grossed a worldwide total of $1.3 million against a budget of $31.6 million, making the film a box office bomb.In France, the film was released in 282 theaters and grossed $957,287 in its opening weekend, ranking 11th.[3] In its second weekend, the film grossed $322,595 from 279 theaters, falling down to 16th.[4]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Toronto Star","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Star"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"sub_title":"Critical reception","text":"On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 20% based on 5 reviews, with an average rating of 3.1/10.[5]Linda Barnard of Toronto Star wrote that the film was \"too violent for youngsters and so poorly written it won't engage an older audience, it seems to be targeted towards youthful nerds nursing overwhelming revenge fantasies.\" Liz Braun of Jam! Movies wrote, \"You wouldn't expose a teenager to this, that's for sure, but the storytelling is so ham-handed that few adults would sit still for it\" Dave McGinn of Globe and Mail was critical, writing, \"The Prodigies pulls together a lot of familiar tropes from superhero movies without adding anything new or compelling to the genre.\"In contrast, Sarah Gopaul of Digital Journal gave the film a positive review, stating, \"The Prodigies delivers a noteworthy new approach to the “teens with super powers” genre that is worth the big screen treatment.\"[6]","title":"Reception"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"John Hopewell, Elsa Keslassy (16 January 2014). \"Soumache, Rassam Launch ON Entertainment\". variety.com. Retrieved 10 June 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://variety.com/2014/film/global/soumache-rassam-launch-on-entertainment-1201061907/","url_text":"\"Soumache, Rassam Launch ON Entertainment\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety.com","url_text":"variety.com"}]},{"reference":"\"The Prodigies\". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 15 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1374990/?ref_=bo_se_r_1","url_text":"\"The Prodigies\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo","url_text":"Box Office Mojo"}]},{"reference":"\"French 2011 Weekend 23\". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 15 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/2011W23/?area=FR&ref_=bo_rl_table_1","url_text":"\"French 2011 Weekend 23\""}]},{"reference":"\"French 2011 Weekend 24\". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 15 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/2011W24/?area=FR&ref_=bo_rl_table_2","url_text":"\"French 2011 Weekend 24\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Prodigies (2010)\". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_prodigies_2011","url_text":"\"The Prodigies (2010)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes","url_text":"Rotten Tomatoes"}]},{"reference":"\"Review: 'The Prodigies' secret ability is quality\". Digital Journal. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210121233509/http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/320106","url_text":"\"Review: 'The Prodigies' secret ability is quality\""},{"url":"http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/320106","url_text":"the original"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://variety.com/2014/film/global/soumache-rassam-launch-on-entertainment-1201061907/","external_links_name":"\"Soumache, Rassam Launch ON Entertainment\""},{"Link":"https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt1374990/?ref_=bo_se_r_1","external_links_name":"\"The Prodigies\""},{"Link":"https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/2011W23/?area=FR&ref_=bo_rl_table_1","external_links_name":"\"French 2011 Weekend 23\""},{"Link":"https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/2011W24/?area=FR&ref_=bo_rl_table_2","external_links_name":"\"French 2011 Weekend 24\""},{"Link":"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_prodigies_2011","external_links_name":"\"The Prodigies (2010)\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210121233509/http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/320106","external_links_name":"\"Review: 'The Prodigies' secret ability is quality\""},{"Link":"http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/320106","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1374990/","external_links_name":"The Prodigies"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Joaquin_League
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San Joaquin League
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["1 Former members","2 References"]
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Defunct high school athletic league
The San Joaquin League was a high school athletic league that was part of the CIF Southern Section. It was dissolved after the 2013–14 season, most of the schools moving to the Santa Cruz League.
Former members
Former members of the league included:
Eastside Christian High School
Fairmont Preparatory Academy
Saddleback Valley Christian High School
Southland Christian High School
Tarbut V' Torah
References
^ "SAN JOAQUIN LEAGUE Baseball (2005) Standings - MaxPreps".
This article about a sports-related organization based in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This article related to sports in California is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"CIF Southern Section","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIF_Southern_Section"},{"link_name":"Santa Cruz League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_League"}],"text":"The San Joaquin League was a high school athletic league that was part of the CIF Southern Section. It was dissolved after the 2013–14 season, most of the schools moving to the Santa Cruz League.","title":"San Joaquin League"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Eastside Christian High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastside_Christian_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Fairmont Preparatory Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairmont_Preparatory_Academy"},{"link_name":"Saddleback Valley Christian High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saddleback_Valley_Christian_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Southland Christian High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southland_Christian_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tarbut V' Torah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarbut_V%27_Torah"}],"text":"Former members of the league included:[1]Eastside Christian High School\nFairmont Preparatory Academy\nSaddleback Valley Christian High School\nSouthland Christian High School\nTarbut V' Torah","title":"Former members"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"SAN JOAQUIN LEAGUE Baseball (2005) Standings - MaxPreps\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.maxpreps.com/league/cWxCKEih80m4nLH_3u1KeQ/standings-san-joaquin-league.htm","url_text":"\"SAN JOAQUIN LEAGUE Baseball (2005) Standings - MaxPreps\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.maxpreps.com/league/cWxCKEih80m4nLH_3u1KeQ/standings-san-joaquin-league.htm","external_links_name":"\"SAN JOAQUIN LEAGUE Baseball (2005) Standings - MaxPreps\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Joaquin_League&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Joaquin_League&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Harrison_Binnie
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William Harrison Binnie
|
["1 Education","2 Business career","3 Racing career","3.1 24 Hours of Le Mans results","4 Philanthropy","5 Candidacy for United States Senate","6 References","7 External links"]
|
Not to be confused with William Binney (U.S. intelligence official).
Bill BinniePersonal detailsBorn (1958-02-02) February 2, 1958 (age 66)Scotland, United KingdomPolitical partyRepublicanSpouseNina BinnieEducationHarvard University (BA, MBA)WebsiteCampaign website
William Harrison "Bill" Binnie is an American industrialist, investment banker, and philanthropist, who is currently president of the Carlisle Capital Corporation, president of the media company New Hampshire 1 Network and owner of Carlisle One Media. He is the former Chairman of the Finance Committee for the New Hampshire Republican State Committee, and a former candidate for the Republican nomination for the U. S. Senate in 2010. He served as chairman of Carlisle Plastics, Inc. until that firm was sold to Tyco International in September 1996.
Education
Binnie was born in Scotland and immigrated to the United States at the age of 5. He attended Harvard University on a scholarship. As a student, he was a research fellow for the Accounting Review, a journal on finance and accounting. Upon graduation, he attended Harvard Business School, where he served as president of the Management Consulting Club. After graduation, he took a position as a consultant at McKinsey & Co.
Business career
Fresh out of graduation from Harvard, Binnie began to make a name for himself by buying and selling companies in collaboration with a wealthy investor for whom he had been doing financial research.
Binnie acquired the assets of Polytech, a Minneapolis, Minnesota-based manufacturer of household and commercial plastics, including food storage bags and wraps, trash bags, and plastic sheeting. Polytech made the "Ruffies" brand trash bag which actor/comedian Jonathan Winters helped to make famous. Binnie also acquired American Western, a Sioux Falls, South Dakota-based private label manufacturer of similar products, along with four other plastics manufacturers that included a line of coat hangers. He consolidated the six companies into Carlisle Plastics, Inc., building a large corporation, employing thousands of workers. He was chairman of the board from 1985 onwards and chief executive officer and President from 1985 to 1994. By 1996, he owned 62.5% of Carlisle's Class B shares making him the majority owner.
By the early 1990s, he was one of the youngest CEOs in New York Stock Exchange history and was featured in Forbes Magazine as a "whirlwind of a manager." Carlisle Plastics was voted one of Walmart's "Vendors of the Year". During his tenure, the firm opened facilities in the United States, Europe, Latin America and Asia.
In September 1996, he sold his controlling interest to Tyco International.
Binnie is currently the president of Carlisle Capital Corporation, a New Hampshire investment and venture capital company. "Current estimates show this company has an annual revenue of $2.5 to 5 million and employs a staff of approximately 5 to 9," according to the tracking site Manta.com in 2009.
He currently owns the Wentworth By The Sea Country Club in Rye, once part of the Wentworth by the Sea Hotel in New Castle.
In 2010, he formed New Hampshire 1 Network and, in 2011, he founded Carlisle One Media, acquiring television station WZMY for $9.25 million and renaming it WBIN. By late 2011, he had tripled the number of employees at the station, recruiting from CBS, ESPN, and local competitor WMUR. Also purchased were Vermont television stations WVBK and WVBQ and Nashua station WYCN.
In May 2015, Bill Binnie won an award from the NH Preservation Alliance for his "rehabilitation and adaptive use" of the historic Walker School Building in Concord, NH, the site of the ratification of the US Constitution. Which "created a broadcast center for the state capital."
Binnie has partnered with Jeff Shapiro in a bid for Nassau Broadcasting's radio stations in Northern New England, subject to bankruptcy judge and FCC approval.
In 2017, WBIN-TV announced that it had sold its television broadcast rights for $68.1 million. WBIN-TV also entered into a channel-sharing sale of its remaining television license rights with a major television group. While the final sale figures were undisclosed, it is estimated that in total the station sold for nearly $100 million, nearly $90 million more than the $9.25 million originally paid by Binnie.
Binnie is additionally involved in the revitalization of historic downtown Manchester buildings including the former Citizen's Bank Building on Elm Street and three buildings in Manchester's mill yard.
Racing career
A lifetime driver and mechanic, Binnie drove for Lotus before forming Binnie Motorsports. He was a two-time class winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, twice as a driver and once as a team owner. He won the ALMS Petite Le Mans Road Atlanta in Georgia, as well as the 12 hours of Sebring. In 2012 he drove for James Watt Automotive's JWA-Avila team.
24 Hours of Le Mans results
Year
Team
Co-Drivers
Car
Class
Laps
Pos.
ClassPos.
2004
Intersport Racing
Clint Field Rick Sutherland
Lola B2K/40-Judd
LMP2
278
25th
1st
2005
Rachel Welter
Yojiro Terada Patrice Roussel
WR LMP04-Peugeot
LMP2
233
NC
NC
2006
Binnie Motorsports
Yojiro Terada Allen Timpany
Lola B05/42-Zytek
LMP2
326
13th
2nd
2007
Binnie Motorsports
Allen Timpany Chris Buncombe
Lola B05/42-Zytek
LMP2
318
18th
1st
Sources:
Philanthropy
Binnie's extensive charity work in New Hampshire includes donations to expand the "End 68 Hours of Hunger" program into Nashua, New Hampshire. "End 68 Hours of Hunger" helps fight food-insecurity for children that rely on school breakfasts and lunch by providing them meals over the weekend as well.
In May 2015, Bill Binnie won an award from the New Hampshire Preservation Alliance for his "rehabilitation and adaptive use" of the historic Walker School Building in Concord, New Hampshire, the site of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Which "created a broadcast center for the state capital."
In 2017, Binnie offered to pay the college tuition for a fifth-grader who told him that she did not plan to attend college. After donating $20,000 for technology upgrades at Smyth Road School in Manchester, New Hampshire, Binnie visited the fifth-grade class and asked all the students to raise their hands if they planned to attend college. When only one student did not raise her hand, Binnie pledged to do whatever he could to get the girl to college, including paying her tuition. Binnie said of the girl, "I think she reminded me of me, a little 10-year-old ... who didn't have many expectations of going to college, I hope the best for that little girl. More important, I want her to be ambitious."
Additionally, the Smyth Road Elementary School library was renamed the Bill Binnie Media Center.
Although a moderate Republican, Binnie and his wife have made political contributions to a variety of political causes and candidates. During his time as Chairman of the Finance Committee for the New Hampshire Republican State Committee, Binnie contributed tens of thousands of dollars to the state party. However, the frequency of his donations to Democratic candidates in the past drew criticisms from conservative groups during his candidacy in the 2010 Republican primary for the U.S. Senate.
Candidacy for United States Senate
Binnie ran for the Republican nomination in the United States Senate election in New Hampshire, 2010. The primary was held on September 14, 2010. Binnie ran for the Republican nomination against Hollis businessman Jim Bender, former State Board of Education chair Ovide Lamontagne, and former state Attorney General Kelly Ayotte, who won the primary contest and went on to win the election.
Binnie had announced his candidacy in November 2009, stating that his political beliefs were modeled after the former President Ronald Reagan's vision of a limited government that fostered economic growth. Individuals working on his campaign included Republican consultant Arthur J. Finkelstein, based in New York, former NHGOP executive director Paul Collins, and Sheri M. Keniston, formerly a congressional staffer for John E. Sununu.
During the campaign, Binnie faced criticism from multiple news organizations and opponents for closing A&E Plastics in Santa Ana, California, laying off 450 American workers and then transferring production seven miles away in Tijuana, Mexico.
During the 2010 Senate run Binnie claimed his pro-choice view on abortion attracted death threats from radical anti-abortion terrorists, both against Binnie himself and against his elderly father of the same name, but local police said they were not investigating any death threats, according to the Concord Monitor. Other acts against Binnie and his family included vandalism of his daughter's car, which she blamed on a police officer, and threatening and harassing phone calls and postal mail.
In December 2021, Binnie confirmed that he is "actively considering running for U.S. Senate" again.
References
^ "Company". www.manta.com.
^ a b Distaso, John (2011-07-11), "Binnie calls for a GOP leadership meeting to discuss party finances", New Hampshire Union Leader, retrieved 2012-03-13
^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-05-15. Retrieved 2009-11-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Cadei, Emily (2010-01-13). "Fur Flies Over Binnie Ad in Massachusetts". Congressional Quarterly Roll Call. Retrieved 2011-02-25.
^ a b McCord, Michael (2009-11-04), "Rye's Binnie makes official his run for U.S. Senate", The Portsmouth Herald, retrieved 2009-11-11
^ Schoenberg, Shira (2009-11-05), "Binnie: Senate needs businessman", Concord Monitor, retrieved 2009-11-06
^ "CARLISLE PLASTICS, INC, Form DEF 14A, Filing Date Mar 3, 1995". secdatabase.com. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
^ Zweig, Jason (1992-08-31), "Bag Man", Forbes, ProQuest 194941037
^ Bacon, David (2004), The Children Of NAFTA: Labor Wars On The U.S./Mexico Border, Berkeley: University of California Press, p. 64, ISBN 978-0-520-24472-6, OCLC 52757356
^ Landrigan, Kevin (2009-11-05), "Binnie files for Sen. seat", Nashua Telegraph, retrieved 2009-11-11
^ a b "Carlisle Capital Corp". Article. Manta.com. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
^ Schoenberg, Shira (2010-08-29), "At club, Binnie battled", Concord Monitor, retrieved 2011-02-25
^ Leubsdorf, Ben (2011-02-03), "Binnie sets sights on TV network", Concord Monitor, retrieved 2012-03-19
^ Callahan, Kathleen (2011-10-07), "Newly launched WBIN-TV hopes to take a bite out of WMUR's market", New Hampshire Business Review, retrieved 2012-03-19
^ "Nassau Chap. 11 auction ends with creditor Goldman Sachs keeping some big FMs". www.radio-info.com. May 4, 2012.
^ "N.H. TV station sold for nearly $100 million". fosters.com. Retrieved 2018-07-10.
^ "Happy Birthday, Bill Binnie: Magnate buys mill buildings for $11.2 million". Manchester Ink Link. 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2018-07-10.
^ Portos, Gabriel (2007-09-15). "Planetlemans talks to Bill Binnie". Archived from the original on 2009-09-21. Retrieved 2010-01-13.
^ Nick Candee. "Neat Garage: Bill Binnie Can Give Tidiness Pointers To Roger Penske" (PDF). The Vantage Point. Aston Martin Owners Club: 355–377.
^ Dagys, John (2012-03-05). "LE MANS: Sebring WEC Entry Updates". Speed TV. Archived from the original on 2012-03-07. Retrieved 2012-03-19.
^ "William Binnie". Automobile Club de l'Ouest. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
^ "Bill Binnie Results". Motorsport Stats. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
^ Haas, Kimberley. "Binnie donation boosts End 68 Hours of Hunger". seacoastonline.com. Retrieved 2018-07-10.
^ "NH millionaire Bill Binnie offers to pay college tuition for Manchester fifth-grader | New Hampshire". UnionLeader.com. Retrieved 2018-07-10.
^ Distaso, John (2010-08-04), "Binnie in crosshairs of conservative group", New Hampshire Union Leader, p. 4, retrieved 2011-02-25
^ "Rye businessman running for US Senate", Foster's Daily Democrat, 2009-11-05, retrieved 2011-03-08
^ Distaso, John (2009-12-30), "Granite Status: Leach moves up in state GOP ranks", New Hampshire Union Leader, retrieved 2010-01-13
^ "U.S. Senate Candidate Accused of Closing Santa Ana Plant and Sending Its Jobs to Mexico – OC Weekly". www.ocweekly.com. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
^ Schoenberg, Shira (2010-09-09), "Pro-choice Republican says he's a target", Concord Monitor, retrieved 2011-02-25
^ DiStaso, John (2021-12-06). "Republican Binnie confirms he's seriously considering US Senate run in 2022". WMUR. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
External links
Binnie on WMUR's Close Up
Binnie speaking at an event sponsored by STEWARD, Save The Economy Without Accumulating Record Debt, a political advocacy group organized by NH businessman Fred Tausch
Entries mentioning William H. Binnie at the Sunlight Foundation web site
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Binney (U.S. intelligence official)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Binney_(U.S._intelligence_official)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-carlisle-capital-listing-1"},{"link_name":"New Hampshire Republican State Committee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire_Republican_State_Committee"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-unionleader.com-2"},{"link_name":"Tyco International","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyco_International"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Carlisle_listing-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cq20100113-4"}],"text":"Not to be confused with William Binney (U.S. intelligence official).William Harrison \"Bill\" Binnie is an American industrialist, investment banker, and philanthropist, who is currently president of the Carlisle Capital Corporation,[1] president of the media company New Hampshire 1 Network and owner of Carlisle One Media. He is the former Chairman of the Finance Committee for the New Hampshire Republican State Committee,[2] and a former candidate for the Republican nomination for the U. S. Senate in 2010. He served as chairman of Carlisle Plastics, Inc. until that firm was sold to Tyco International in September 1996.[3][4]","title":"William Harrison Binnie"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-seacoast20091104-5"},{"link_name":"Harvard University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-concmon1105-6"},{"link_name":"Harvard Business School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Business_School"},{"link_name":"McKinsey & Co","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Co"}],"text":"Binnie was born in Scotland and immigrated to the United States at the age of 5.[5] He attended Harvard University on a scholarship.[6] As a student, he was a research fellow for the Accounting Review, a journal on finance and accounting. Upon graduation, he attended Harvard Business School, where he served as president of the Management Consulting Club. After graduation, he took a position as a consultant at McKinsey & Co.","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Minneapolis, Minnesota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"trash bags","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trash_bags"},{"link_name":"Jonathan Winters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Winters"},{"link_name":"American Western","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Western&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sioux Falls, South Dakota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota"},{"link_name":"coat hangers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_hangers"},{"link_name":"Carlisle Plastics, Inc.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carlisle_Plastics,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Carlisle_listing-3"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CARLISLE-PLASTICS,-INC-Mar-1995-DEF-14A-7"},{"link_name":"New York Stock Exchange","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange"},{"link_name":"Forbes Magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_Magazine"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-childrenNAFTA-9"},{"link_name":"Tyco International","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyco_International"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NashuaTelegraph20091105-10"},{"link_name":"Carlisle Capital Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carlisle_Capital_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-manta.com-11"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-manta.com-11"},{"link_name":"Wentworth by the Sea Hotel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wentworth_by_the_Sea"},{"link_name":"New Castle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Castle,_New_Hampshire"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-concmon100829-12"},{"link_name":"WZMY","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWJE-DT"},{"link_name":"WBIN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWJE-DT"},{"link_name":"CBS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS"},{"link_name":"ESPN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN"},{"link_name":"WMUR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMUR-TV"},{"link_name":"WVBK and WVBQ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHNH-CD"},{"link_name":"WYCN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBTS-CD"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-concmon20110203-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nhbr20111007-14"},{"link_name":"Nassau Broadcasting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassau_Broadcasting"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"text":"Fresh out of graduation from Harvard, Binnie began to make a name for himself by buying and selling companies in collaboration with a wealthy investor for whom he had been doing financial research.Binnie acquired the assets of Polytech, a Minneapolis, Minnesota-based manufacturer of household and commercial plastics, including food storage bags and wraps, trash bags, and plastic sheeting. Polytech made the \"Ruffies\" brand trash bag which actor/comedian Jonathan Winters helped to make famous. Binnie also acquired American Western, a Sioux Falls, South Dakota-based private label manufacturer of similar products, along with four other plastics manufacturers that included a line of coat hangers. He consolidated the six companies into Carlisle Plastics, Inc., building a large corporation, employing thousands of workers.[3] He was chairman of the board from 1985 onwards and chief executive officer and President from 1985 to 1994. By 1996, he owned 62.5% of Carlisle's Class B shares making him the majority owner.[7]By the early 1990s, he was one of the youngest CEOs in New York Stock Exchange history and was featured in Forbes Magazine as a \"whirlwind of a manager.\"[8] Carlisle Plastics was voted one of Walmart's \"Vendors of the Year\".[citation needed] During his tenure, the firm opened facilities in the United States, Europe, Latin America and Asia.[9]In September 1996, he sold his controlling interest to Tyco International.[10]Binnie is currently the president of Carlisle Capital Corporation, a New Hampshire investment and venture capital company.[11] \"Current estimates show this company has an annual revenue of $2.5 to 5 million and employs a staff of approximately 5 to 9,\" according to the tracking site Manta.com in 2009.[11]He currently owns the Wentworth By The Sea Country Club in Rye, once part of the Wentworth by the Sea Hotel in New Castle.[12]In 2010, he formed New Hampshire 1 Network and, in 2011, he founded Carlisle One Media, acquiring television station WZMY for $9.25 million and renaming it WBIN. By late 2011, he had tripled the number of employees at the station, recruiting from CBS, ESPN, and local competitor WMUR. Also purchased were Vermont television stations WVBK and WVBQ and Nashua station WYCN.[13][14]In May 2015, Bill Binnie won an award from the NH Preservation Alliance for his \"rehabilitation and adaptive use\" of the historic Walker School Building in Concord, NH, the site of the ratification of the US Constitution. Which \"created a broadcast center for the state capital.\"Binnie has partnered with Jeff Shapiro in a bid for Nassau Broadcasting's radio stations in Northern New England, subject to bankruptcy judge and FCC approval.[15]In 2017, WBIN-TV announced that it had sold its television broadcast rights for $68.1 million. WBIN-TV also entered into a channel-sharing sale of its remaining television license rights with a major television group. While the final sale figures were undisclosed, it is estimated that in total the station sold for nearly $100 million, nearly $90 million more than the $9.25 million originally paid by Binnie.[16]Binnie is additionally involved in the revitalization of historic downtown Manchester buildings including the former Citizen's Bank Building on Elm Street and three buildings in Manchester's mill yard.[17]","title":"Business career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"24 Hours of Le Mans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-planetlemans-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-vscca-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"text":"A lifetime driver and mechanic, Binnie drove for Lotus before forming Binnie Motorsports.[citation needed] He was a two-time class winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, twice as a driver and once as a team owner.[18] He won the ALMS Petite Le Mans Road Atlanta in Georgia, as well as the 12 hours of Sebring.[19] In 2012 he drove for James Watt Automotive's JWA-Avila team.[20]","title":"Racing career"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"24 Hours of Le Mans results","title":"Racing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-unionleader.com-2"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"}],"text":"Binnie's extensive charity work in New Hampshire includes donations to expand the \"End 68 Hours of Hunger\" program into Nashua, New Hampshire. \"End 68 Hours of Hunger\" helps fight food-insecurity for children that rely on school breakfasts and lunch by providing them meals over the weekend as well.[23]In May 2015, Bill Binnie won an award from the New Hampshire Preservation Alliance for his \"rehabilitation and adaptive use\" of the historic Walker School Building in Concord, New Hampshire, the site of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Which \"created a broadcast center for the state capital.\"In 2017, Binnie offered to pay the college tuition for a fifth-grader who told him that she did not plan to attend college. After donating $20,000 for technology upgrades at Smyth Road School in Manchester, New Hampshire, Binnie visited the fifth-grade class and asked all the students to raise their hands if they planned to attend college. When only one student did not raise her hand, Binnie pledged to do whatever he could to get the girl to college, including paying her tuition. Binnie said of the girl, \"I think she reminded me of me, a little 10-year-old ... who didn't have many expectations of going to college, I hope the best for that little girl. More important, I want her to be ambitious.\"[24]Additionally, the Smyth Road Elementary School library was renamed the Bill Binnie Media Center.Although a moderate Republican, Binnie and his wife have made political contributions to a variety of political causes and candidates. During his time as Chairman of the Finance Committee for the New Hampshire Republican State Committee,[2] Binnie contributed tens of thousands of dollars to the state party. However, the frequency of his donations to Democratic candidates in the past drew criticisms from conservative groups during his candidacy in the 2010 Republican primary for the U.S. Senate.[25]","title":"Philanthropy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Republican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"United States Senate election in New Hampshire, 2010","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Hampshire,_2010"},{"link_name":"Hollis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollis,_New_Hampshire"},{"link_name":"Ovide Lamontagne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovide_Lamontagne"},{"link_name":"Kelly Ayotte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Ayotte"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fosters091105-26"},{"link_name":"Ronald Reagan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-seacoast20091104-5"},{"link_name":"Arthur J. Finkelstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_J._Finkelstein"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"John E. Sununu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_E._Sununu"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"pro-choice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-choice"},{"link_name":"radical anti-abortion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-abortion_violence"},{"link_name":"terrorists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_interest_terrorism"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-concmon100909-29"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"}],"text":"Binnie ran for the Republican nomination in the United States Senate election in New Hampshire, 2010. The primary was held on September 14, 2010. Binnie ran for the Republican nomination against Hollis businessman Jim Bender, former State Board of Education chair Ovide Lamontagne, and former state Attorney General Kelly Ayotte, who won the primary contest and went on to win the election.Binnie had announced his candidacy in November 2009,[26] stating that his political beliefs were modeled after the former President Ronald Reagan's vision of a limited government that fostered economic growth.[5] Individuals working on his campaign included Republican consultant Arthur J. Finkelstein, based in New York, former NHGOP executive director[27] Paul Collins, and Sheri M. Keniston, formerly a congressional staffer for John E. Sununu.During the campaign, Binnie faced criticism from multiple news organizations and opponents for closing A&E Plastics in Santa Ana, California, laying off 450 American workers and then transferring production seven miles away in Tijuana, Mexico.[28]During the 2010 Senate run Binnie claimed his pro-choice view on abortion attracted death threats from radical anti-abortion terrorists, both against Binnie himself and against his elderly father of the same name, but local police said they were not investigating any death threats, according to the Concord Monitor. Other acts against Binnie and his family included vandalism of his daughter's car, which she blamed on a police officer, and threatening and harassing phone calls and postal mail.[29]In December 2021, Binnie confirmed that he is \"actively considering running for U.S. Senate\" again.[30]","title":"Candidacy for United States Senate"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Company\". www.manta.com.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.manta.com/company/mm42n0p","url_text":"\"Company\""}]},{"reference":"Distaso, John (2011-07-11), \"Binnie calls for a GOP leadership meeting to discuss party finances\", New Hampshire Union Leader, retrieved 2012-03-13","urls":[{"url":"http://www.unionleader.com/article/20110711/NEWS0602/110719983&source=RSS","url_text":"\"Binnie calls for a GOP leadership meeting to discuss party finances\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire_Union_Leader","url_text":"New Hampshire Union Leader"}]},{"reference":"\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on 2018-05-15. Retrieved 2009-11-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180515112605/https://www.business.com/directory/industrial_goods_and_services/industrial_supplies/plastics/carlisle_plastics,_inc/profile/","url_text":"\"Archived copy\""},{"url":"http://www.business.com/directory/industrial_goods_and_services/industrial_supplies/plastics/carlisle_plastics,_inc/profile/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Cadei, Emily (2010-01-13). \"Fur Flies Over Binnie Ad in Massachusetts\". Congressional Quarterly Roll Call. Retrieved 2011-02-25.","urls":[{"url":"http://blogs.cqrollcall.com/eyeon2010/2010/01/fur-flies-over-binnie-ad-in-ma.html","url_text":"\"Fur Flies Over Binnie Ad in Massachusetts\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly","url_text":"Congressional Quarterly"}]},{"reference":"McCord, Michael (2009-11-04), \"Rye's Binnie makes official his run for U.S. Senate\", The Portsmouth Herald, retrieved 2009-11-11","urls":[{"url":"http://www.seacoastonline.com/articles/20091104-NEWS-911040359","url_text":"\"Rye's Binnie makes official his run for U.S. Senate\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Portsmouth_Herald","url_text":"The Portsmouth Herald"}]},{"reference":"Schoenberg, Shira (2009-11-05), \"Binnie: Senate needs businessman\", Concord Monitor, retrieved 2009-11-06","urls":[{"url":"http://www.concordmonitor.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20091105/NEWS01/911050357","url_text":"\"Binnie: Senate needs businessman\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concord_Monitor","url_text":"Concord Monitor"}]},{"reference":"\"CARLISLE PLASTICS, INC, Form DEF 14A, Filing Date Mar 3, 1995\". secdatabase.com. Retrieved May 14, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2319/95013595000400/filing-main.htm","url_text":"\"CARLISLE PLASTICS, INC, Form DEF 14A, Filing Date Mar 3, 1995\""}]},{"reference":"Zweig, Jason (1992-08-31), \"Bag Man\", Forbes, ProQuest 194941037","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)","url_text":"ProQuest"},{"url":"https://search.proquest.com/docview/194941037","url_text":"194941037"}]},{"reference":"Bacon, David (2004), The Children Of NAFTA: Labor Wars On The U.S./Mexico Border, Berkeley: University of California Press, p. 64, ISBN 978-0-520-24472-6, OCLC 52757356","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=SMn9-AdGXCMC&pg=RA1-PA64","url_text":"The Children Of NAFTA: Labor Wars On The U.S./Mexico Border"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24472-6","url_text":"978-0-520-24472-6"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52757356","url_text":"52757356"}]},{"reference":"Landrigan, Kevin (2009-11-05), \"Binnie files for Sen. seat\", Nashua Telegraph, retrieved 2009-11-11","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nashuatelegraph.com/News/StateNewEngland/420314-227/binnie--files-for-sen.-seat.html","url_text":"\"Binnie files for Sen. seat\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Telegraph_(Nashua)","url_text":"Nashua Telegraph"}]},{"reference":"\"Carlisle Capital Corp\". Article. Manta.com. Retrieved 2009-11-11.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.manta.com/company/mm42n0p","url_text":"\"Carlisle Capital Corp\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manta.com&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Manta.com"}]},{"reference":"Schoenberg, Shira (2010-08-29), \"At club, Binnie battled\", Concord Monitor, retrieved 2011-02-25","urls":[{"url":"http://www.concordmonitor.com/article/at-club-binnie-battled","url_text":"\"At club, Binnie battled\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concord_Monitor","url_text":"Concord Monitor"}]},{"reference":"Leubsdorf, Ben (2011-02-03), \"Binnie sets sights on TV network\", Concord Monitor, retrieved 2012-03-19","urls":[{"url":"http://www.concordmonitor.com/article/237941/binnie-sets-sights-on-tv-network?page=full","url_text":"\"Binnie sets sights on TV network\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concord_Monitor","url_text":"Concord Monitor"}]},{"reference":"Callahan, Kathleen (2011-10-07), \"Newly launched WBIN-TV hopes to take a bite out of WMUR's market\", New Hampshire Business Review, retrieved 2012-03-19","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nhbr.com/news/935099-395/newly-launched-wbin-tv-hopes-to-take-a.html","url_text":"\"Newly launched WBIN-TV hopes to take a bite out of WMUR's market\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire_Business_Review","url_text":"New Hampshire Business Review"}]},{"reference":"\"Nassau Chap. 11 auction ends with creditor Goldman Sachs keeping some big FMs\". www.radio-info.com. May 4, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.radio-info.com/news/nassau-chap-11-auction-ends-with-creditor-goldman-sachs-keeping-some-big-fm","url_text":"\"Nassau Chap. 11 auction ends with creditor Goldman Sachs keeping some big FMs\""}]},{"reference":"\"N.H. TV station sold for nearly $100 million\". fosters.com. Retrieved 2018-07-10.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fosters.com/news/20170217/nh-tv-station-sold-for-nearly-100-million","url_text":"\"N.H. TV station sold for nearly $100 million\""}]},{"reference":"\"Happy Birthday, Bill Binnie: Magnate buys mill buildings for $11.2 million\". Manchester Ink Link. 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2018-07-10.","urls":[{"url":"https://manchesterinklink.com/happy-birthday-bill-binnie-magnate-buys-mill-buildings-11-2-million/","url_text":"\"Happy Birthday, Bill Binnie: Magnate buys mill buildings for $11.2 million\""}]},{"reference":"Portos, Gabriel (2007-09-15). \"Planetlemans talks to Bill Binnie\". Archived from the original on 2009-09-21. Retrieved 2010-01-13.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090921012154/http://www.planetlemans.com/2007/09/15/planetlemans-talks-to-bill-binnie/","url_text":"\"Planetlemans talks to Bill Binnie\""},{"url":"http://www.planetlemans.com/2007/09/15/planetlemans-talks-to-bill-binnie/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Nick Candee. \"Neat Garage: Bill Binnie Can Give Tidiness Pointers To Roger Penske\" (PDF). The Vantage Point. Aston Martin Owners Club: 355–377.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.vscca.org/TVPBinnie.pdf","url_text":"\"Neat Garage: Bill Binnie Can Give Tidiness Pointers To Roger Penske\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vantage_Point","url_text":"The Vantage Point"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_Martin_Owners_Club","url_text":"Aston Martin Owners Club"}]},{"reference":"Dagys, John (2012-03-05). \"LE MANS: Sebring WEC Entry Updates\". Speed TV. Archived from the original on 2012-03-07. Retrieved 2012-03-19.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120307224639/http://auto-racing.speedtv.com/article/le-mans-sebring-wec-entry-updates/","url_text":"\"LE MANS: Sebring WEC Entry Updates\""},{"url":"http://auto-racing.speedtv.com/article/le-mans-sebring-wec-entry-updates/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"William Binnie\". Automobile Club de l'Ouest. Retrieved 2023-06-13.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.24h-lemans.com/en/track-record/driver/william-binnie-75","url_text":"\"William Binnie\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_Club_de_l%27Ouest","url_text":"Automobile Club de l'Ouest"}]},{"reference":"\"Bill Binnie Results\". Motorsport Stats. Retrieved 2023-06-13.","urls":[{"url":"https://motorsportstats.com/driver/bill-binnie/results","url_text":"\"Bill Binnie Results\""}]},{"reference":"Haas, Kimberley. \"Binnie donation boosts End 68 Hours of Hunger\". seacoastonline.com. Retrieved 2018-07-10.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.seacoastonline.com/article/20141212/NEWS/141219711","url_text":"\"Binnie donation boosts End 68 Hours of Hunger\""}]},{"reference":"\"NH millionaire Bill Binnie offers to pay college tuition for Manchester fifth-grader | New Hampshire\". UnionLeader.com. Retrieved 2018-07-10.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.newhampshire.com/NH-Millionaire-Bill-Binnie-offers-to-pay-college-tuition-for-fifth-grader","url_text":"\"NH millionaire Bill Binnie offers to pay college tuition for Manchester fifth-grader | New Hampshire\""}]},{"reference":"Distaso, John (2010-08-04), \"Binnie in crosshairs of conservative group\", New Hampshire Union Leader, p. 4, retrieved 2011-02-25","urls":[{"url":"http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=1316B1F1573A2EA8&p_docnum=1","url_text":"\"Binnie in crosshairs of conservative group\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire_Union_Leader","url_text":"New Hampshire Union Leader"}]},{"reference":"\"Rye businessman running for US Senate\", Foster's Daily Democrat, 2009-11-05, retrieved 2011-03-08","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fosters.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20091105/GJNEWS_01/911059930/-1/FOSNEWS","url_text":"\"Rye businessman running for US Senate\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster%27s_Daily_Democrat","url_text":"Foster's Daily Democrat"}]},{"reference":"Distaso, John (2009-12-30), \"Granite Status: Leach moves up in state GOP ranks\", New Hampshire Union Leader, retrieved 2010-01-13","urls":[{"url":"http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?articleId=691451d9-cb10-4782-94c9-16365021c3e9","url_text":"\"Granite Status: Leach moves up in state GOP ranks\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire_Union_Leader","url_text":"New Hampshire Union Leader"}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Senate Candidate Accused of Closing Santa Ana Plant and Sending Its Jobs to Mexico – OC Weekly\". www.ocweekly.com. Retrieved 2021-12-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ocweekly.com/us-senate-candidate-accused-of-closing-santa-ana-plant-and-sending-its-jobs-to-mexico-6464658/","url_text":"\"U.S. Senate Candidate Accused of Closing Santa Ana Plant and Sending Its Jobs to Mexico – OC Weekly\""}]},{"reference":"Schoenberg, Shira (2010-09-09), \"Pro-choice Republican says he's a target\", Concord Monitor, retrieved 2011-02-25","urls":[{"url":"http://www.concordmonitor.com/article/215658/binnie-describes-death-threats","url_text":"\"Pro-choice Republican says he's a target\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concord_Monitor","url_text":"Concord Monitor"}]},{"reference":"DiStaso, John (2021-12-06). \"Republican Binnie confirms he's seriously considering US Senate run in 2022\". WMUR. Retrieved 2021-12-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wmur.com/article/binnie-confirms-considering-us-senate-run-in-2022/38444532","url_text":"\"Republican Binnie confirms he's seriously considering US Senate run in 2022\""}]}]
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TV station sold for nearly $100 million\""},{"Link":"https://manchesterinklink.com/happy-birthday-bill-binnie-magnate-buys-mill-buildings-11-2-million/","external_links_name":"\"Happy Birthday, Bill Binnie: Magnate buys mill buildings for $11.2 million\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090921012154/http://www.planetlemans.com/2007/09/15/planetlemans-talks-to-bill-binnie/","external_links_name":"\"Planetlemans talks to Bill Binnie\""},{"Link":"http://www.planetlemans.com/2007/09/15/planetlemans-talks-to-bill-binnie/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.vscca.org/TVPBinnie.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Neat Garage: Bill Binnie Can Give Tidiness Pointers To Roger Penske\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120307224639/http://auto-racing.speedtv.com/article/le-mans-sebring-wec-entry-updates/","external_links_name":"\"LE MANS: Sebring WEC Entry Updates\""},{"Link":"http://auto-racing.speedtv.com/article/le-mans-sebring-wec-entry-updates/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.24h-lemans.com/en/track-record/driver/william-binnie-75","external_links_name":"\"William Binnie\""},{"Link":"https://motorsportstats.com/driver/bill-binnie/results","external_links_name":"\"Bill Binnie Results\""},{"Link":"http://www.seacoastonline.com/article/20141212/NEWS/141219711","external_links_name":"\"Binnie donation boosts End 68 Hours of Hunger\""},{"Link":"http://www.newhampshire.com/NH-Millionaire-Bill-Binnie-offers-to-pay-college-tuition-for-fifth-grader","external_links_name":"\"NH millionaire Bill Binnie offers to pay college tuition for Manchester fifth-grader | New Hampshire\""},{"Link":"http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=1316B1F1573A2EA8&p_docnum=1","external_links_name":"\"Binnie in crosshairs of conservative group\""},{"Link":"http://www.fosters.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20091105/GJNEWS_01/911059930/-1/FOSNEWS","external_links_name":"\"Rye businessman running for US Senate\""},{"Link":"http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?articleId=691451d9-cb10-4782-94c9-16365021c3e9","external_links_name":"\"Granite Status: Leach moves up in state GOP ranks\""},{"Link":"https://www.ocweekly.com/us-senate-candidate-accused-of-closing-santa-ana-plant-and-sending-its-jobs-to-mexico-6464658/","external_links_name":"\"U.S. Senate Candidate Accused of Closing Santa Ana Plant and Sending Its Jobs to Mexico – OC Weekly\""},{"Link":"http://www.concordmonitor.com/article/215658/binnie-describes-death-threats","external_links_name":"\"Pro-choice Republican says he's a target\""},{"Link":"https://www.wmur.com/article/binnie-confirms-considering-us-senate-run-in-2022/38444532","external_links_name":"\"Republican Binnie confirms he's seriously considering US Senate run in 2022\""},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ksbzmp-LaD4","external_links_name":"Binnie on WMUR's Close Up"},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAQXugMPuX","external_links_name":"Binnie speaking at an event"},{"Link":"http://reporting.sunlightfoundation.com/independent-expenditures/candidate/william-h-binnie","external_links_name":"Entries mentioning William H. Binnie"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Porcius_Cato_(consul_118_BC)
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Marcus Porcius Cato (consul 118 BC)
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["1 Notes","2 References"]
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Marcus Porcius Cato (died 118 BC) was a member of the Roman plebeian gens Porcii and consul in 118 BC.
Marcus Porcius Cato was the elder son of Marcus Porcius Cato Licinianus and the grandson of the famous conservative Roman politician Cato the Elder. Nothing is known about his early life. In 121 BC at the latest he was praetor. In 118 BC he became consul; his colleague was Quintus Marcius Rex. He went to Africa, perhaps to settle the dispute between the heirs of king Micipsa of Numidia, the son of Masinissa, but Cato died during his consulate.
Cato was a powerful orator. He left some posthumous speeches, which were preserved for some time.
Notes
^ Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 13.20.9; Plutarch, Cato the Elder 27.8
^ Marcus Velleius Paterculus, Roman History 1.15.5; Valerius Maximus 5.10.3; Pliny the Elder, Natural history 2. 99
^ Sallust, Jugurthine War 5, 6-7; Livy, periochae 62.
^ Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 13.20.10
References
Franz Miltner: Porcius 10. In: Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft. Vol. XXII, 1, col. 165.
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Germany
United States
This ancient Roman biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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[]
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[{"Link":"http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1811808/","external_links_name":"FAST"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/000000005296729X","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/34347546","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwhxwf3bGwkfghrVVmPQq","external_links_name":"WorldCat"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/102384274","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr95024509","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Porcius_Cato_(consul_118_BC)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_Train_to_Lisbon
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Night Train to Lisbon
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["1 Characters","2 Themes","3 Style","4 Critical reception","5 Translations","6 Film adaptation","7 Impact","8 References","9 External links"]
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2004 novel by Pascal Mercier
This article is about the novel. For the 2013 film adaptation, see Night Train to Lisbon (film).
Night Train to Lisbon Original German coverAuthorPascal MercierTranslatorBarbara HarshavLanguageGermanGenreNovelPublisherCarl Hanser VerlagPublication date2004Publication placeSwitzerlandPublished in English2008Media typePrint (Paperback)Pages438 pp. first paperback English EditionISBN3-446-20555-1 (German)ISBN 978-0-8021-4397-6 (English Paperback)
Night Train to Lisbon is a philosophical novel by Swiss writer Pascal Mercier. It recounts the travels of Swiss Classics instructor Raimund Gregorius as he explores the life of Amadeu de Prado, a Portuguese doctor, during António de Oliveira Salazar's right-wing dictatorship in Portugal. Prado is a serious thinker whose active mind becomes evident in a series of his notes collected and read by Gregorius.
The book was originally published in German as Nachtzug nach Lissabon in 2004 and was first published in English in 2008. The novel became an international bestseller. Danish film director Bille August adapted the book into a 2013 film of the same name, starring Jeremy Irons as Raimund Gregorius.
The real night train from Hendaye (France) to Lisbon was stopped since the Covid pandemic after running for decades. All train connections from France to Portugal have been cancelled in 2022 due to the Spanish-French Railroad War.
Characters
Raimund "Mundus" Gregorius, 57 years old, is a teacher at a Swiss gymnasium in modern-day Bern. He is an expert in ancient languages (ancient Greek, Latin and Hebrew) and a man very comfortable in his routine. One morning on his way to work, he saves a mysterious Portuguese woman from what he assumes is a suicide attempt. Although the woman disappears shortly afterwards, their chance-encounter marks the beginning of Raimund's journey. Later that day, he visits an antiquarian bookshop where he discovers Um ourives das palavras (A Goldsmith of Words, this may refer to Gil Vicente, a formidable playwright and poet of the Portuguese Renaissance who had possibly been a goldsmith), a book by Amadeu de Prado. The author ponders the philosophical issue of going back in time and making various different choices, resulting in a completely different life. Raimund is immediately intrigued by the author's somber musings. The book is in Portuguese, a language Raimund doesn't speak, so he begins translating with the help of a dictionary. Sensing a kindred spirit in Amadeu, he is suddenly gripped by the fear of not living his life to its full potential. The next morning, he abandons his teaching position, turns his back on Bern and sets out for Lisbon. There, he begins investigating the fate of the Prado family.
Amadeu de Prado is a doctor during the Salazar dictatorship (1928–1974). He has an expressed interest in literature and begins questioning his world, his experiences and the words contained in conversation and written thought. His life and thoughts are strongly influenced by living under an oppressive regime, relying heavily upon a brutal secret police force, the PIDE. Maria João Ávila, a girl he adores since childhood, seems to be the only person Amadeu can relate to.
His father, a stern man and a judge loyal to the government, later crumbles under the pressure of his conscience and commits suicide. Amadeu, who is by now an accomplished and well-liked doctor, saves the life of Mendez, the "Butcher of Lisbon" and Chief of Secret Police. In the public eye, Amadeu's actions mark him down as a traitor, resulting in him being shunned and secretly joining the resistance to ease his conscience. After his premature death due to an aneurysm, Amadeu's notes and journal entries are edited and published by his sister Adriana. She owes her life to Amadeu and religiously devotes her energy to preserving her brother's legacy.
During his stay in Lisbon, Raimund meets the ophthalmologist Mariana Eça. She prescribes him new glasses when he breaks his old ones in an accident. Mariana's uncle, João Eça, was a member of the resistance. Raimund visits him several times to talk about Amadeu.
Raimund also manages to track down Jorge O'Kelly, a pharmacy owner and Amadeu's best friend who helped him join the resistance, and Estefânia Espinhosa, a woman with an exceptional memory. Amadeu was in love with her, even though she was Jorge's girlfriend at the time. She later fled the country and became a professor of history at the University of Salamanca.
The story ends with Raimund returning to Bern. Raimund, who has been suffering from spells of dizziness for a while now, submits himself to a physical exam.
Themes
Night Train to Lisbon spends considerable time contemplating ideas, exploring on one hand Gregorious' contemplation of self and the other de Prado's journal and philosophies. Epigraphs include Michel de Montaigne, Essais, Second Book, I, “De l’inconstance de nos actions” and Fernando Pessoa, Livro do Desassossego (Portuguese: Book of Disquiet/Restlessness).
Mercier uses various activities and subthemes to help explore these deep, self-reflective subjects including "night journeys, insomnia and dream-filled sleep, of being stuck in place yet somehow adrift, and confusion about life's purpose." With this introspective approach, Mercier is able to review concepts of "who we are, how we control our experience of life, and how fragile that construction is."
Style
Like the depiction of the city of Lisbon as mysterious and intricate, the text of Night Train to Lisbon is intricate and complicated, sometimes withholding information from the reader. Multiple reviewers also pointed to the thriller qualities the novel takes on despite the philosophical focus of the themes.
Critical reception
Anne Phillips in The News-Gazette noted that Night Train to Lisbon was "reminiscent of Carlos Ruiz Zafón's The Shadow of the Wind" and commented that "mystery romance and political intrigue" keep the pages turning. Robert Moyle of the Herald Sun also points out how engaging Night Train to Lisbon is, pointing out how easy it is for the reader to identify with Gregorius. Daniel Johnson of The Telegraph placed Mercier, with this novel, amongst the best European novelists alive.
Translations
Iranian writer Mahshid Mirmoezzi translated the book into Persian, with its release in April 2013. Iran does not recognize various international copyright accords, but Mirmoezzi received permission from the author before she translated it. She won the Parvin Award for her translation.
Film adaptation
Danish film director Bille August's film adaptation of the same name, with Jeremy Irons as Raimund Gregorius, was released in 2013.
Impact
During the Sunflower Student Movement in Taiwan on 21 March 2014, the wall of the second floor of the Legislative Yuan was sprayed with a quote from the work, "when dictatorship is a fact, revolution becomes a duty."
References
^ Paul, Steve (9 June 2008). "Suggestions for all you Night time readers". The Kansas City Star. (Accessed in NewsBank Database (Requires Subscription))
^ https://ouiautraindenuit.wordpress.com/2022/07/09/night-trains-to-reconnect-soon-the-iberian-peninsula-to-europe/
^ a b MacKin, Laurence (14 February 2009). "The Irish Times: Go Read". Irish Times. (Accessed in NewsBank Database (Requires subscription))
^ a b c Moyle, Robin (7 June 2008). "Riddle in Portuguese". Herald Sun. Melbourne, Australia. (Accessed on NewsBank database (Subscription required)
^ a b c Johnson, Daniel (24 February 2008). "Throwing in one life to look for another". Telegraph (UK). Retrieved 10 March 2021.
^ Phillips, Anne (9 August 2009). "Works mix, ponder illusions and reality". The News-Gazette. Champaign-Urbana, IL. (Accessed in NewsBank database (Requires subscription))
^ ""Night Train to Lisbon" to surface at Tehran institute". Mehr News Agency. 22 September 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
^ Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (23 June 2017). "Why Iran has 16 different translations of one Khaled Hosseini novel". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
^ "Women Literati Conferred Parvin Award". Financial Tribune. 18 June 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
External links
Review in Die Welt (in German)
Review in Die Zeit (in German)
Authority control databases National
Germany
Other
MusicBrainz work
|
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For the 2013 film adaptation, see Night Train to Lisbon (film).Night Train to Lisbon is a philosophical novel by Swiss writer Pascal Mercier. It recounts the travels of Swiss Classics instructor Raimund Gregorius as he explores the life of Amadeu de Prado, a Portuguese doctor, during António de Oliveira Salazar's right-wing dictatorship in Portugal. Prado is a serious thinker whose active mind becomes evident in a series of his notes collected and read by Gregorius.The book was originally published in German as Nachtzug nach Lissabon in 2004 and was first published in English in 2008. The novel became an international bestseller.[1] Danish film director Bille August adapted the book into a 2013 film of the same name, starring Jeremy Irons as Raimund Gregorius.The real night train from Hendaye (France) to Lisbon was stopped since the Covid pandemic after running for decades. All train connections from France to Portugal have been cancelled in 2022 due to the Spanish-French Railroad War.[2]","title":"Night Train to Lisbon"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"gymnasium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)"},{"link_name":"Bern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern"},{"link_name":"Gil Vicente","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Vicente"},{"link_name":"Salazar dictatorship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)"},{"link_name":"PIDE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIDE"},{"link_name":"aneurysm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aneurysm"},{"link_name":"ophthalmologist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmologist"},{"link_name":"University of Salamanca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Salamanca"}],"text":"Raimund \"Mundus\" Gregorius, 57 years old, is a teacher at a Swiss gymnasium in modern-day Bern. He is an expert in ancient languages (ancient Greek, Latin and Hebrew) and a man very comfortable in his routine. One morning on his way to work, he saves a mysterious Portuguese woman from what he assumes is a suicide attempt. Although the woman disappears shortly afterwards, their chance-encounter marks the beginning of Raimund's journey. Later that day, he visits an antiquarian bookshop where he discovers Um ourives das palavras (A Goldsmith of Words, this may refer to Gil Vicente, a formidable playwright and poet of the Portuguese Renaissance who had possibly been a goldsmith), a book by Amadeu de Prado. The author ponders the philosophical issue of going back in time and making various different choices, resulting in a completely different life. Raimund is immediately intrigued by the author's somber musings. The book is in Portuguese, a language Raimund doesn't speak, so he begins translating with the help of a dictionary. Sensing a kindred spirit in Amadeu, he is suddenly gripped by the fear of not living his life to its full potential. The next morning, he abandons his teaching position, turns his back on Bern and sets out for Lisbon. There, he begins investigating the fate of the Prado family.Amadeu de Prado is a doctor during the Salazar dictatorship (1928–1974). He has an expressed interest in literature and begins questioning his world, his experiences and the words contained in conversation and written thought. His life and thoughts are strongly influenced by living under an oppressive regime, relying heavily upon a brutal secret police force, the PIDE. Maria João Ávila, a girl he adores since childhood, seems to be the only person Amadeu can relate to.His father, a stern man and a judge loyal to the government, later crumbles under the pressure of his conscience and commits suicide. Amadeu, who is by now an accomplished and well-liked doctor, saves the life of Mendez, the \"Butcher of Lisbon\" and Chief of Secret Police. In the public eye, Amadeu's actions mark him down as a traitor, resulting in him being shunned and secretly joining the resistance to ease his conscience. After his premature death due to an aneurysm, Amadeu's notes and journal entries are edited and published by his sister Adriana. She owes her life to Amadeu and religiously devotes her energy to preserving her brother's legacy.During his stay in Lisbon, Raimund meets the ophthalmologist Mariana Eça. She prescribes him new glasses when he breaks his old ones in an accident. Mariana's uncle, João Eça, was a member of the resistance. Raimund visits him several times to talk about Amadeu.Raimund also manages to track down Jorge O'Kelly, a pharmacy owner and Amadeu's best friend who helped him join the resistance, and Estefânia Espinhosa, a woman with an exceptional memory. Amadeu was in love with her, even though she was Jorge's girlfriend at the time. She later fled the country and became a professor of history at the University of Salamanca.The story ends with Raimund returning to Bern. Raimund, who has been suffering from spells of dizziness for a while now, submits himself to a physical exam.","title":"Characters"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MacKin-3"},{"link_name":"Epigraphs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigraph_(literature)"},{"link_name":"Michel de Montaigne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne"},{"link_name":"Fernando Pessoa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Moyle-4"}],"text":"Night Train to Lisbon spends considerable time contemplating ideas, exploring on one hand Gregorious' contemplation of self and the other de Prado's journal and philosophies.[3] Epigraphs include Michel de Montaigne, Essais, Second Book, I, “De l’inconstance de nos actions” and Fernando Pessoa, Livro do Desassossego (Portuguese: Book of Disquiet/Restlessness).Mercier uses various activities and subthemes to help explore these deep, self-reflective subjects including \"night journeys, insomnia and dream-filled sleep, of being stuck in place yet somehow adrift, and confusion about life's purpose.\" With this introspective approach, Mercier is able to review concepts of \"who we are, how we control our experience of life, and how fragile that construction is.\"[4]","title":"Themes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MacKin-3"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Johnson-5"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Moyle-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Johnson-5"}],"text":"Like the depiction of the city of Lisbon as mysterious and intricate, the text of Night Train to Lisbon is intricate and complicated, sometimes withholding information from the reader.[3][5] Multiple reviewers also pointed to the thriller qualities the novel takes on despite the philosophical focus of the themes.[4][5]","title":"Style"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The News-Gazette","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_News-Gazette_(Champaign-Urbana)"},{"link_name":"Carlos Ruiz Zafón","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Ruiz_Zaf%C3%B3n"},{"link_name":"The Shadow of the Wind","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shadow_of_the_Wind"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Phillips-6"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Moyle-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Johnson-5"}],"text":"Anne Phillips in The News-Gazette noted that Night Train to Lisbon was \"reminiscent of Carlos Ruiz Zafón's The Shadow of the Wind\" and commented that \"mystery romance and political intrigue\" keep the pages turning.[6] Robert Moyle of the Herald Sun also points out how engaging Night Train to Lisbon is, pointing out how easy it is for the reader to identify with Gregorius.[4] Daniel Johnson of The Telegraph placed Mercier, with this novel, amongst the best European novelists alive.[5]","title":"Critical reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mahshid Mirmoezzi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahshid_Mirmoezzi"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mehr-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dehghan-8"},{"link_name":"Parvin Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parvin_Award&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Iranian writer Mahshid Mirmoezzi translated the book into Persian, with its release in April 2013.[7] Iran does not recognize various international copyright accords, but Mirmoezzi received permission from the author before she translated it.[8] She won the Parvin Award for her translation.[9]","title":"Translations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bille August","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bille_August"},{"link_name":"film adaptation of the same name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_Train_to_Lisbon_(film)"},{"link_name":"Jeremy Irons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Irons"}],"text":"Danish film director Bille August's film adaptation of the same name, with Jeremy Irons as Raimund Gregorius, was released in 2013.","title":"Film adaptation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sunflower Student Movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunflower_Student_Movement"},{"link_name":"Legislative Yuan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Yuan"}],"text":"During the Sunflower Student Movement in Taiwan on 21 March 2014, the wall of the second floor of the Legislative Yuan was sprayed with a quote from the work, \"when dictatorship is a fact, revolution becomes a duty.\"","title":"Impact"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Paul, Steve (9 June 2008). \"Suggestions for all you Night time readers\". The Kansas City Star.","urls":[]},{"reference":"MacKin, Laurence (14 February 2009). \"The Irish Times: Go Read\". Irish Times.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Moyle, Robin (7 June 2008). \"Riddle in Portuguese\". Herald Sun. Melbourne, Australia.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Johnson, Daniel (24 February 2008). \"Throwing in one life to look for another\". Telegraph (UK). Retrieved 10 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/fictionreviews/3671409/Throwing-in-one-life-to-look-for-another.html","url_text":"\"Throwing in one life to look for another\""}]},{"reference":"Phillips, Anne (9 August 2009). \"Works mix, ponder illusions and reality\". The News-Gazette. Champaign-Urbana, IL.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"\"Night Train to Lisbon\" to surface at Tehran institute\". Mehr News Agency. 22 September 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.mehrnews.com/news/56590/Night-Train-to-Lisbon-to-surface-at-Tehran-institute","url_text":"\"\"Night Train to Lisbon\" to surface at Tehran institute\""}]},{"reference":"Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (23 June 2017). \"Why Iran has 16 different translations of one Khaled Hosseini novel\". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/jun/23/why-iran-has-16-different-translations-of-one-khaled-hosseini-novel","url_text":"\"Why Iran has 16 different translations of one Khaled Hosseini novel\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"}]},{"reference":"\"Women Literati Conferred Parvin Award\". Financial Tribune. 18 June 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://financialtribune.com/articles/art-and-culture/19241/women-literati-conferred-parvin-award","url_text":"\"Women Literati Conferred Parvin Award\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://ouiautraindenuit.wordpress.com/2022/07/09/night-trains-to-reconnect-soon-the-iberian-peninsula-to-europe/","external_links_name":"https://ouiautraindenuit.wordpress.com/2022/07/09/night-trains-to-reconnect-soon-the-iberian-peninsula-to-europe/"},{"Link":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/fictionreviews/3671409/Throwing-in-one-life-to-look-for-another.html","external_links_name":"\"Throwing in one life to look for another\""},{"Link":"https://en.mehrnews.com/news/56590/Night-Train-to-Lisbon-to-surface-at-Tehran-institute","external_links_name":"\"\"Night Train to Lisbon\" to surface at Tehran institute\""},{"Link":"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/jun/23/why-iran-has-16-different-translations-of-one-khaled-hosseini-novel","external_links_name":"\"Why Iran has 16 different translations of one Khaled Hosseini novel\""},{"Link":"https://financialtribune.com/articles/art-and-culture/19241/women-literati-conferred-parvin-award","external_links_name":"\"Women Literati Conferred Parvin Award\""},{"Link":"https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article336806/Es_koennte_auch_anders_sein.html","external_links_name":"Review in Die Welt"},{"Link":"http://www.zeit.de/2004/49/L-Mercier?page=all","external_links_name":"Review in Die Zeit"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/1117564045","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/work/b2c3ec6f-a5b1-4ba2-b40e-c24fbaacfb88","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz work"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Cumberland_Hospital
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West Cumberland Hospital
|
["1 History","2 Downgrading of services","3 See also","4 Notes","5 References","6 External links"]
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Coordinates: 54°31′47″N 3°33′46″W / 54.5298°N 3.5628°W / 54.5298; -3.5628
Hospital in EnglandWest Cumberland HospitalNorth Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation TrustWest Cumberland HospitalWest Cumberland HospitalLocation in Copeland BoroughShow map of the former Borough of CopelandWest Cumberland HospitalLocation in CumbriaShow map of CumbriaGeographyLocationWhitehaven, Cumbria, England, United KingdomCoordinates54°31′47″N 3°33′46″W / 54.5298°N 3.5628°W / 54.5298; -3.5628OrganisationCare systemPublic NHSServicesEmergency departmentYesLinksWebsitewww.ncumbria.nhs.uk/acute/hospitals/wch.aspxListsHospitals in England
West Cumberland Hospital is a hospital in Hensingham, a suburb of Whitehaven in Cumbria, England, and was the first district general hospital to be built in England following the creation of the National Health Service. It is managed by the North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust. A campaign group is fighting to maintain hospital services at the West Cumberland Hospital, many of which have been moved to the Cumberland Infirmary, 40 mi (64 km) away from the population centres of the West Cumbrian coast.
History
The first hospital in Whitehaven was the old Whitehaven Infirmary at Howgill Street, which was built in 1830. In 1924, the Earl of Lonsdale sold Whitehaven Castle to Herbert Wilson Walker, a local industrialist, who then donated the building to the people of West Cumberland, along with £20,000 to convert it into a new hospital.
By 1951, the hospital needed replacing, and representations were made to the UK Government. In 1957, approval was given to break ground on a new hospital, which was the first district general hospital to be built in England following the creation of the National Health Service. It was officially opened on 21 October 1964 by the Queen Mother.
On 2 June 2010, a major incident was declared at the hospital in the aftermath of the Cumbria shootings. Staff at the hospital dealt with casualties and patients in shock.
The first phase of a rebuilding programme was completed and brought into use in October 2015, at a cost of £90 million. The second phase has been approved (at a cost of about £50 million) and preparation for demolition of those parts being replaced is being undertaken through 2018.
Downgrading of services
A campaign group has been protesting at the removal of services from the West Cumberland Hospital. Much of this care is now provided at the Cumberland Infirmary in Carlisle, 40 mi (64 km) away from the hospital in Whitehaven. A rally at Whitehaven's rugby league ground was attended by 4,000 people in September 2014. The North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust was placed in Special Measures in 2013 by the Care Quality Commission, and this was continued on 10 July 2014.
In September 2015, West North and East Cumbria (the area covered by North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust) became one of three Success Regimes - expedited improvement programs set up by NHS England and intended to fix the most troubled health and social care systems in England. This culminated in a public consultation on the reconfiguration of services, which closed on 19 December 2016. The Cumbria Clinical Commissioning Group acted on the consultation findings on 8 March 2017 with decisions that tried to accommodate the comments made, but still with some downgrading of services.
See also
Healthcare in Cumbria
List of hospitals in England
Notes
^ Whitehaven Castle has since been converted into apartments.
References
^ "Treatments". West Cumberland Hospital. NHS. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
^ a b c "West Cumberland Hospital". Visit Cumbria. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
^ "News & Star | News | Hundreds join march to protect West Cumberland Hospital services". Archived from the original on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
^ a b Hay, Daniel (1979). Whitehaven: an illustrated history. Whitehaven: Michael Moon. ISBN 0-904131-21-1.
^ Historic England. "Whitehaven Hospital or Infirmary (1335996)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
^ "Gunman kills several in Cumbria : Timeline". BBC News. 2 June 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
^ "West Cumberland Hospital's £50m new look unveiled/". News and Star. 2 November 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
^ "West Cumberland Hospital fears see thousands gather – BBC News". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
^ "Chief Inspector of Hospitals finds that North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust requires improvement and should remain in special measures | Care Quality Commission". Cqc.org.uk. 10 July 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
^ "Success regime". Success Regime Cumbria. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
^ "Whitehaven News". Retrieved 9 March 2017.
External links
Interview with Stephen Eames, Chief Executive of North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust (and of Cumbria Partnership NHS Foundation Trust).
West Cumberland Hospital - NHS.
Authority control databases
ISNI
|
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A campaign group is fighting to maintain hospital services at the West Cumberland Hospital, many of which have been moved to the Cumberland Infirmary, 40 mi (64 km) away from the population centres of the West Cumbrian coast.[3]","title":"West Cumberland Hospital"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hay-4"},{"link_name":"Earl of Lonsdale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Lowther,_5th_Earl_of_Lonsdale"},{"link_name":"Whitehaven Castle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehaven_Castle"},{"link_name":"West Cumberland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hay-4"},{"link_name":"UK Government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Government"},{"link_name":"National Health Service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Health_Service"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-visit-2"},{"link_name":"Queen Mother","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-visit-2"},{"link_name":"[a]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Cumbria shootings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria_shootings"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bbc10216179-7"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"The first hospital in Whitehaven was the old Whitehaven Infirmary at Howgill Street, which was built in 1830.[4] In 1924, the Earl of Lonsdale sold Whitehaven Castle to Herbert Wilson Walker, a local industrialist, who then donated the building to the people of West Cumberland, along with £20,000 to convert it into a new hospital.[4]By 1951, the hospital needed replacing, and representations were made to the UK Government. In 1957, approval was given to break ground on a new hospital, which was the first district general hospital to be built in England following the creation of the National Health Service.[2] It was officially opened on 21 October 1964 by the Queen Mother.[2][a]On 2 June 2010, a major incident was declared at the hospital in the aftermath of the Cumbria shootings. Staff at the hospital dealt with casualties and patients in shock.[6]The first phase of a rebuilding programme was completed and brought into use in October 2015, at a cost of £90 million. The second phase has been approved (at a cost of about £50 million) and preparation for demolition of those parts being replaced is being undertaken through 2018.[7]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Care Quality Commission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Care_Quality_Commission"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"A campaign group has been protesting at the removal of services from the West Cumberland Hospital. Much of this care is now provided at the Cumberland Infirmary in Carlisle, 40 mi (64 km) away from the hospital in Whitehaven. A rally at Whitehaven's rugby league ground was attended by 4,000 people in September 2014.[8] The North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust was placed in Special Measures in 2013 by the Care Quality Commission, and this was continued on 10 July 2014.[9]In September 2015, West North and East Cumbria (the area covered by North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust) became one of three Success Regimes - expedited improvement programs set up by NHS England and intended to fix the most troubled health and social care systems in England. This culminated in a public consultation on the reconfiguration of services, which closed on 19 December 2016.[10] The Cumbria Clinical Commissioning Group acted on the consultation findings on 8 March 2017 with decisions that tried to accommodate the comments made, but still with some downgrading of services.[11]","title":"Downgrading of services"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-6"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"^ Whitehaven Castle has since been converted into apartments.[5]","title":"Notes"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"Healthcare in Cumbria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Cumbria"},{"title":"List of hospitals in England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_England"}]
|
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|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Serre
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Michel Serre
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["1 Biography","1.1 Early life","1.2 Career","1.3 Personal life","1.4 Legacy","2 Bibliography","3 Gallery","4 References"]
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Catalan-born French painter (1658–1733)
Not to be confused with Michel Serres.
Michel SerreBornJanuary 10, 1658Tarragona, Catalonia, SpainDiedOctober 10, 1733Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, FranceNationalitySpanishFrenchOccupationPainterSpouseFlorie RégimondeParent(s)Jacques SerreMarie Barbos
Michel Serre (1658–1733) was a Catalan-born French painter.
Biography
Early life
Michel Serre was born on January 10, 1658, in Tarragona, Spain. His father was Jacques Serre and his mother, Marie Barbos.
Career
As a painter, he specialized in baroque painting, religious paintings and the Great Plague of Marseille. Many of his paintings can be found in Roman Catholic churches in Provence.
In Marseille, three of his paintings are displayed in the Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins: Sainte Marguerite, La Vierge à l'enfant apparaissant à Saint Pierre and Saint Paul. Another one is displayed in the Église des Chartreux: Madeleine enlevée par les anges. Three are displayed in the Église Saint-Matthieu de Château-Gombert: Le Christ roi, la Vierge et Saint-Joseph ou Le purgatoire, L'agonie de la Madeleine and Franciscains devant la Vierge ou apothéose de l'ordre de saint François. One painting, La vierge en prière dans l’atelier de Nazareth, is displayed in the Abbey of St. Victor, Marseille and two are displayed in the Église Saint-Cannat: La vierge à l’enfant et le purgatoire and La purification de la Vierge. Another one is displayed in the Église des Grands-Carmes: Cycle de la vie de la Vierge, while the Église Saint Roch in Mazargues is home to Apothéose de saint Roch. Moreover, the Église de la Pomme displays Annonciation, saint Jean-Baptiste et saint Étienne while the Église Saint-Sébastien in Allauch has Mort de Saint-Joseph and La fuite en Égypte.
In Aix-en-Provence, his painting entitled Apothéose de Saint-Augustin is displayed in the Église Saint-Jean-de-Malte while two other paintings, Le repas chez Simon le pharisien and Ex-voto de la peste can be seen in the Église de la Madeleine.
In Le Beausset, Var, the Chapelle Notre-Dame de Beauvoir is home to Le vœu de Mgr de Belsunce, representing Henri François Xavier de Belsunce de Castelmoron (1671–1755). In Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume, four of his paintings are displayed inside the Basilica of Sainte Marie Madeleine: L'enfant Jésus, Sainte-Anne, la Vierge et l’enfant jésus, Saint-Joseph, La Vierge à l'Enfant et le purgatoire and Saint-Thomas d’Aquin foudroyant l'hérésie.
In La Ciotat, two of his paintings, Vierge de grâces and Vierge de grâces et purgatoire, are displayed in the Église Notre-Dame. Moreover, in Draguignan, his painting Vierge donnant le scapulaire à Simon Stock can be seen inside the Église Saint-Michel. In Versailles, the Église Saint-Symphorien has one of his paintings, Les vendeurs chassés du temple, on display.
Some of his paintings are also found in museums. In the Villa Gaby Deslys in Marseille, formerly the private residence of Gaby Deslys, one can see his painting entitled La résurrection de Lazare. Also in Marseille, the Musée Grobet-Labadié displays Notre-Dame du bon voyage. Additionally, several of his paintings are displayed in the Musée des beaux-arts de Marseille: L’éducation de la Vierge, Présentation de la Vierge au temple, La visitation, Présentation de Jésus au temple, Jésus au temple parmi les docteurs, Saint-Benoît ressuscite un jeune moine mort, Cycle de la vie de Saint-François, Le martyre de Saint Pierre Vérone, Le miracle de Saint Hyacinthe, La vierge à l'enfant, Saint-François de Sales, and Sainte Jeanne de Chantal. In Aix-en-Provence, the Musée Granet displays one of his paintings: La vierge à l’enfant, moine bénédictin, Sainte félicité et Perpétue.
Louis XIV of France (1638–1715) appointed him as official painter of French galleys.
Personal life
On May 1, 1685, he married Florie Régimonde, daughter of Jean Régimonde et de Jeanne Montaignon, in the Église Notre-Dame-des-Accoules in Marseille.
He died on October 10, 1733, in Marseille. He was buried in the Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins in Marseille.
Legacy
The Rue Michel Serre in the 16th arrondissement of Marseille is named in his honour.
Bibliography
Pierre Parrocel, Le peintre Michel Serre et ses tableaux relatifs à la peste de Marseille (1901 – 11 pages).
Marie-Claude Homet, Michel Serre et la peinture baroque en Provence (1658–1733) (Edisud, 1987, 197 pages).
Gallery
Michel Serre
Le repos pendant la fuite en Égypte inside the Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins in Marseille
Sainte Marguerite inside the Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins in Marseille
Madeleine enlevée par les anges inside the Église des Chartreux in Marseille
La Vierge à l'enfant apparaissant à Saint Pierre and Saint Paul inside the Église Saint Roch in Mazargues
Painting inside the Église Saint Roch in Mazargues, Marseille
Annonciation, saint Jean-Baptiste et saint Étienne inside the Église de la Pomme in Marseille
L'enfant Jésus inside the Basilica of Sainte Marie Madeleine in Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume
Sainte-Anne, la Vierge et l’enfant jésus, Saint-Joseph inside the Basilica of Sainte Marie Madeleine in Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume
La Vierge à l'Enfant et le purgatoire inside the Basilica of Sainte Marie Madeleine in Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume
Saint-Thomas d’Aquin foudroyant l'hérésie inside the Basilica of Sainte Marie Madeleine in Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume
Vierge de grâces inside the Église Notre-Dame in La Ciotat
Vierge de grâces et purgatoire inside the Église Notre-Dame in La Ciotat
References
^ L'Artiste: journal de la littérature et des beaux-arts, L'Artiste, 1849, pp. 100–103
^ a b c d Alexandre Gueidon, Comte Godefroy de Montgrand: Armorial de la ville de Marseille, Marseille, 1864, p. 181-183
^ Base Palissy: PM13000688, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
^ Base Palissy: PM13000686, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
^ Base Palissy: PM13000687, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
^ Julie Pellizzone, Souvenirs (1787–1815), Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l'Université de Provence, 1995, p. 354
^ Marie-Claude Homet, Michel Serre et la peinture baroque en Provence, Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, 1987, p. 19
^ Google Maps
^ Google Books
^ Google Books
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
France
BnF data
Germany
United States
Artists
RKD Artists
ULAN
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Michel Serres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Serres"},{"link_name":"Catalan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia"},{"link_name":"French","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"}],"text":"Not to be confused with Michel Serres.Michel Serre (1658–1733) was a Catalan-born French painter.","title":"Michel Serre"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-lartiste-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-comte-2"}],"sub_title":"Early life","text":"Michel Serre was born on January 10, 1658, in Tarragona, Spain.[1][2] His father was Jacques Serre and his mother, Marie Barbos.","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"baroque painting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_painting"},{"link_name":"Great Plague of Marseille","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Plague_of_Marseille"},{"link_name":"Provence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provence"},{"link_name":"Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Ferr%C3%A9ol_les_Augustins"},{"link_name":"Église des Chartreux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_des_Chartreux_(Marseille)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Église Saint-Matthieu de Château-Gombert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Saint-Matthieu_de_Ch%C3%A2teau-Gombert&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Abbey of St. Victor, Marseille","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_of_St._Victor,_Marseille"},{"link_name":"Église Saint-Cannat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Cannat"},{"link_name":"Église des Grands-Carmes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_des_Grands-Carmes&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Église Saint Roch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Saint_Roch&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mazargues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazargues"},{"link_name":"Église de la Pomme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_de_la_Pomme&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Église Saint-Sébastien","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Saint-S%C3%A9bastien&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Allauch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allauch"},{"link_name":"Aix-en-Provence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aix-en-Provence"},{"link_name":"Église Saint-Jean-de-Malte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Saint-Jean-de-Malte,_Aix-en-Provence"},{"link_name":"Église de la Madeleine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_de_la_Madeleine_(Aix-en-Provence)"},{"link_name":"Le Beausset","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Beausset"},{"link_name":"Var","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Var_(department)"},{"link_name":"Chapelle Notre-Dame de Beauvoir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chapelle_Notre-Dame_de_Beauvoir&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Henri François Xavier de Belsunce de Castelmoron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Fran%C3%A7ois_Xavier_de_Belsunce_de_Castelmoron"},{"link_name":"Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume"},{"link_name":"Basilica of Sainte Marie Madeleine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basilica_of_Sainte_Marie_Madeleine_(Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"La Ciotat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Ciotat"},{"link_name":"Église Notre-Dame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Notre-Dame_(La_Ciotat)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Draguignan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draguignan"},{"link_name":"Église Saint-Michel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Saint-Michel&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Versailles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailles_(city)"},{"link_name":"Église Saint-Symphorien","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Saint-Symphorien&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Villa Gaby Deslys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Villa_Gaby_Deslys&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Gaby Deslys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaby_Deslys"},{"link_name":"Musée Grobet-Labadié","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Grobet-Labadi%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"Musée des beaux-arts de Marseille","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_beaux-arts_de_Marseille"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-juliepellizzone-6"},{"link_name":"Musée Granet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Granet"},{"link_name":"Louis XIV of France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France"},{"link_name":"galleys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galley"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"sub_title":"Career","text":"As a painter, he specialized in baroque painting, religious paintings and the Great Plague of Marseille. Many of his paintings can be found in Roman Catholic churches in Provence.In Marseille, three of his paintings are displayed in the Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins: Sainte Marguerite, La Vierge à l'enfant apparaissant à Saint Pierre and Saint Paul. Another one is displayed in the Église des Chartreux: Madeleine enlevée par les anges. Three are displayed in the Église Saint-Matthieu de Château-Gombert: Le Christ roi, la Vierge et Saint-Joseph ou Le purgatoire, L'agonie de la Madeleine and Franciscains devant la Vierge ou apothéose de l'ordre de saint François.[3][4][5] One painting, La vierge en prière dans l’atelier de Nazareth, is displayed in the Abbey of St. Victor, Marseille and two are displayed in the Église Saint-Cannat: La vierge à l’enfant et le purgatoire and La purification de la Vierge. Another one is displayed in the Église des Grands-Carmes: Cycle de la vie de la Vierge, while the Église Saint Roch in Mazargues is home to Apothéose de saint Roch. Moreover, the Église de la Pomme displays Annonciation, saint Jean-Baptiste et saint Étienne while the Église Saint-Sébastien in Allauch has Mort de Saint-Joseph and La fuite en Égypte.In Aix-en-Provence, his painting entitled Apothéose de Saint-Augustin is displayed in the Église Saint-Jean-de-Malte while two other paintings, Le repas chez Simon le pharisien and Ex-voto de la peste can be seen in the Église de la Madeleine.In Le Beausset, Var, the Chapelle Notre-Dame de Beauvoir is home to Le vœu de Mgr de Belsunce, representing Henri François Xavier de Belsunce de Castelmoron (1671–1755). In Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume, four of his paintings are displayed inside the Basilica of Sainte Marie Madeleine: L'enfant Jésus, Sainte-Anne, la Vierge et l’enfant jésus, Saint-Joseph, La Vierge à l'Enfant et le purgatoire and Saint-Thomas d’Aquin foudroyant l'hérésie.In La Ciotat, two of his paintings, Vierge de grâces and Vierge de grâces et purgatoire, are displayed in the Église Notre-Dame. Moreover, in Draguignan, his painting Vierge donnant le scapulaire à Simon Stock can be seen inside the Église Saint-Michel. In Versailles, the Église Saint-Symphorien has one of his paintings, Les vendeurs chassés du temple, on display.Some of his paintings are also found in museums. In the Villa Gaby Deslys in Marseille, formerly the private residence of Gaby Deslys, one can see his painting entitled La résurrection de Lazare. Also in Marseille, the Musée Grobet-Labadié displays Notre-Dame du bon voyage. Additionally, several of his paintings are displayed in the Musée des beaux-arts de Marseille: L’éducation de la Vierge, Présentation de la Vierge au temple, La visitation, Présentation de Jésus au temple, Jésus au temple parmi les docteurs, Saint-Benoît ressuscite un jeune moine mort, Cycle de la vie de Saint-François, Le martyre de Saint Pierre Vérone, Le miracle de Saint Hyacinthe, La vierge à l'enfant, Saint-François de Sales, and Sainte Jeanne de Chantal.[6] In Aix-en-Provence, the Musée Granet displays one of his paintings: La vierge à l’enfant, moine bénédictin, Sainte félicité et Perpétue.Louis XIV of France (1638–1715) appointed him as official painter of French galleys.[7]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Église Notre-Dame-des-Accoules","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Notre-Dame-des-Accoules&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-comte-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-comte-2"},{"link_name":"Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Ferr%C3%A9ol_les_Augustins"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-comte-2"}],"sub_title":"Personal life","text":"On May 1, 1685, he married Florie Régimonde, daughter of Jean Régimonde et de Jeanne Montaignon, in the Église Notre-Dame-des-Accoules in Marseille.[2]He died on October 10, 1733, in Marseille.[2] He was buried in the Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins in Marseille.[2]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"16th arrondissement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_arrondissement_of_Marseille"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"sub_title":"Legacy","text":"The Rue Michel Serre in the 16th arrondissement of Marseille is named in his honour.[8]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"Pierre Parrocel, Le peintre Michel Serre et ses tableaux relatifs à la peste de Marseille (1901 – 11 pages).[9]\nMarie-Claude Homet, Michel Serre et la peinture baroque en Provence (1658–1733) (Edisud, 1987, 197 pages).[10]","title":"Bibliography"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Les-Augustins-Marseille-tableaudeMicel-Serre.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SainteMarguerite-Michel-Serre.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chartreux-Serre-Madeleine.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:N.D._des_gr%C3%A2ces,_Saint-Pierre,_Saint-Paul.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michel_Serre-Mazargues.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:La_Pomme-Michel-Serre.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint-Maximin-St_nom_de_jesus.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint-Maximin-Serre-Marie-Anne-Joseph.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Basilique-Saint-Maximin-Michel-Serre-Vierge-Purgatoire.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Basilique-Saint-Maximin_Michel-Serre_St_Thomas_d%27Aquin.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michel_Serre_La_Ciotat2.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michel_Serre_La_Ciotat.jpg"}],"text":"Michel Serre\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tLe repos pendant la fuite en Égypte inside the Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins in Marseille\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSainte Marguerite inside the Église Saint-Ferréol les Augustins in Marseille\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tMadeleine enlevée par les anges inside the Église des Chartreux in Marseille\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tLa Vierge à l'enfant apparaissant à Saint Pierre and Saint Paul inside the Église Saint Roch in Mazargues\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tPainting inside the Église Saint Roch in Mazargues, Marseille\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tAnnonciation, saint Jean-Baptiste et saint Étienne inside the Église de la Pomme in Marseille\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tL'enfant Jésus inside the Basilica of Sainte Marie Madeleine in Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSainte-Anne, la Vierge et l’enfant jésus, Saint-Joseph inside the Basilica of Sainte Marie Madeleine in Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tLa Vierge à l'Enfant et le purgatoire inside the Basilica of Sainte Marie Madeleine in Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSaint-Thomas d’Aquin foudroyant l'hérésie inside the Basilica of Sainte Marie Madeleine in Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tVierge de grâces inside the Église Notre-Dame in La Ciotat\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tVierge de grâces et purgatoire inside the Église Notre-Dame in La Ciotat","title":"Gallery"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill_Brothers_FC_Goa
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Churchill Brothers FC Goa
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["1 History","1.1 1988–2009","1.2 2010–2019","1.3 2020–present","2 Crest, colours & kits","2.1 Crest","2.2 Colours","2.3 Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors","3 Ownership and nickname","4 Stadiums","5 Rivalries","6 Players","6.1 First-team squad","7 Personnel","7.1 Current technical staff","8 Honours","8.1 League","8.2 Cup","8.3 Regional","8.4 Award","9 Performance in AFC competitions","10 Records","10.1 Seasonal records","10.2 Transfer record","10.3 Goalscoring record","10.4 Other records","11 Seasons","12 Managerial history","13 Notable players","14 Other departments","14.1 Women's team","14.2 Youth team","15 See also","16 Footnotes","17 References","18 External links"]
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Indian association football club
Not to be confused with FC Goa.
Football clubChurchill BrothersFull nameChurchill Brothers Football Club GoaNickname(s)The Red MachinesShort nameCB, CBFCFounded1988; 36 years ago (1988)GroundFatorda Stadium Tilak Maidan StadiumCapacity19,000 5,000OwnerValanka AlemaoHead coachJavier PereiraLeagueI-League2023–24I-League, 7th of 13
Home colours
Away colours
Current season
Churchill Brothers Football Club Goa (simply known as Churchill Brothers) is an Indian professional football club based in Margao, Goa, that competes in the I-League, alongside Goa Professional League. Founded in 1988 in Margao, the club usually participated in the National Football League, then top tier of Indian football league system.
The club has won the I-League title twice and has secured a position among the top three teams on nine other occasions in the national league. It has also won eight Goa League Champions Cups, three Durand Cups, and a Federation Cup.
Churchill Brothers emerged as fourth ranked Indian team, and 648 universally, in the international rankings of clubs during the first ten years of the 21st century (2001–2010), issued by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics in 2011.
History
1988–2009
Churchill Brothers FC were founded in 1988 as Varca Club. After one season, they renamed as Brothers Sporting Club. Later on they were bought out by Churchill Braz Alemao and renamed as Churchill Brothers FC and emerged as runners-up of the National Football League thrice: 1996–97, 1999–2000 and 2001–02. In the 1997–98 Asian Club Championship, Churchill Brothers went on to represent India. But, they had a forgetful debut outing as the Goan outfit was knocked out in the very first round by Vietnamese club Dong Thap with a 2–1 aggregate loss. In 1998, Churchill roped in Bassim Yonan, the first Iraqi player in India. Noted Scottish manager Danny McLennan trained the club in 1999–2000 season.
After the take over by Churchill, the club went on to win the Durand Cup in 2007, and the 2008–09 I-League, Durand Cup in 2009, IFA Shield in the same year. In 2008, Nigerian World Cupper Emeka Ezeugo was appointed club's head coach. They also emerged as runners-up of the 2007–08 I-League, the inaugural season. Through their I-League win Churchill Brothers FC were able to play in the 2010 Asian Champions League qualifiers which they lost and moved to the 2010 AFC Cup. During the AFC Cup they won two games against Al-Hilal Al-Sahili and finished runners-up in their group, advancing to the next round. Finally, they were defeated 1–2 to Al-Qadsia at the Mohammed Al-Hamad Stadium.
Odafe Onyeka Okolie, Churchill Brothers' all-time highest goalscorer (with 128 league goals).
2010–2019
Churchill Brothers was managed by Singaporean Vincent Subramaniam for the 2010–11 season. The club went the rest of the season with Croatian Drago Mamić, who helped them win the IFA Shield that year.
Manuel Gomes as the manager of Churchill Brothers in 2011
On 9 June 2011, Churchill Brothers announced they have signed former Portugal national football team assistant coach Manuel Gomes as a permanent coach. His start proved to be successful as the club captured the 2011 Durand Cup for the third team in their history in October 2011, defeating Prayag United 5–4. However, on 15 February 2012, it was announced that Gomes had resigned and that former coach Carlos Roberto Pereira would be brought in on a caretaker basis.
Churchill's Brazilian striker Beto (in No 10, white) in action at the 2011 Federation Cup.
Then on 13 July 2012, it was announced that Mariano Dias had been signed to become their new full-time head coach. After his first season in charge, Dias managed to lead Churchill Brothers to the I-League championship, their second domestic title in the history.
After the end of 2013–14 I-League season, Churchill finished in twelfth position with 25 points in 24 matches and was evicted from I-League for not fulfilling the Asian Football Confederation's club licensing criteria. In that season, they clinched the 2013–14 Indian Federation Cup title. In November 2017, it was announced that Ukrainian Mykola Shevchenko joined Churchill as their head coach. His first game as a manager occurred on 2 December 2017, when Churchill took on Shillong Lajong, resulting in a 2–0 loss. His stint came to an end as he was sacked from the position. Churchill then roped in Joseph Afusi of Nigeria as technical director, but were relegated at the end of the 2017–18 season, with just 17 points from 18 games. However, their position was reinstated by the AIFF, after a successful appeal by the club.
In August 2018, Romanian manager Petre Gigiu was appointed head coach. His first competitive game was on 28 October 2018 in Churchill's opening match against the reigning champions, Minerva Punjab. The match ended in a 0–0 draw. At the end of the 2018–19 I-League season, they finished on fourth position with 34 points.
2020–present
In September 2020, Churchill appointed Fernando Santiago Varela as head coach. Under his guidance, Churchill emerged as the runners-up of the 2020–21 I-League with 29 points. Although Churchill managed a win against RoundGlass Punjab in their last match, Gokulam Kerala FC were crowned champions courtesy of a better head-to-head record.
Churchill Brothers players (in red) in action against Sporting Goa during a local league match at the Duler Stadium in Mapusa in 2023
Ahead of the 2021–22 I-League, Churchill roped in their first ever Guinean player Sekou Sylla, and Romanian Petre Gigiu returned to the club as head coach. They finished the season in fourth place. The club later in November, reached final of Baji Rout Cup in Odisha, finished as runners-up after defeat to Rajasthan United. They later took part in 2023 Indian Super Cup in Kerala, in April.
Crest, colours & kits
Crest
In 2011, a new red and black coloured crest was introduced. The crest of Churchill Brothers was originally in green and yellow, that had a football on green grass with yellow rays representing the sun's rays, with initials of the club name.
Former club crest (1988–2011)
Colours
Churchill Brothers player Jayanth Kumar in club's red coloured kit at their home ground in Vasco.
The present colours of Churchill Brothers kit is red for home matches and blue for away matches, but before the brand new crest the home colours were white and the away colours were red.
Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors
Period
Kit manufacturer
Shirt sponsor
1988—2011
None
Churchill
2011—2017
Nivia
2017—2018
Faisports
2018—2023
Nivia
2023—present
Trak-Only
Ownership and nickname
Churchill Alemao (in left), founder and owener of Churchill Brothers.
Churchill Brothers is owned and led for decades by Goan entrepreneur and politician Churchill Alemao, who served as both the president of Goa Football Association and Chief Minister of the state. His daughter Valanka Alemao is current CEO of the club.
Churchill Brothers is predominantly nicknamed the "Red Machine".
Stadiums
Main article: Fatorda Stadium
Fatorda Stadium on a matchdayTilak Maidan Stadium on a matchday
Since the I-League began, Churchill Brothers have always played mainly at the Fatorda Stadium in the South Goan city of Margao along with other Goan clubs Dempo, Salgaocar, Sporting Goa and Vasco. They also use Tilak Maidan Stadium for both I-League and Goa Professional League matches.
During the 2012–13 season Churchill Brothers temporarily played at the Duler Stadium in Mapusa, Goa, while the Fatorda Stadium was being renovated for the 2013 Lusophony Games and the Tilak Maidan was being renovated up to AFC standards.
During the 2013 AFC Cup, Churchill Brothers used Shri Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex in Pune as their home ground. The club later in 2022–23 season, moved to GMC Athletic Stadium in Bambolim.
Rivalries
Churchill Brothers has a major rivalry with their fellow Goan side Dempo, popularly known as the "Goan Derby".
They have also rivalries with other two Goan sides, Sporting Clube de Goa and Salgaocar, whom they faced in I-League, and currently in Goa Professional League.
Players
First-team squad
As of 31 January 2024
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
No.
Pos.
Nation
Player
1
GK
IND
Subhasish Roy Chowdhury
2
DF
IND
Nishchal Chandan
5
DF
IND
Ponif Vaz
7
MF
IND
Stendly Fernandes
8
MF
IND
Rahul Raju
11
FW
IND
Faisal Ali
13
MF
IND
Lalawmpuia Sailo
14
DF
IND
Alent Colaco
15
DF
IND
Lalbiakhlua Lianzela
17
DF
IND
Lalremruata Ralte
18
FW
IND
Trijoy Dias
19
DF
IND
Lamgoulen Hangshing (vice-captain)
20
MF
IND
Silvana R Lalruatkima
24
GK
IND
Bilal Khan
26
MF
IND
Lunminlen Haokip
No.
Pos.
Nation
Player
27
DF
IND
Sebastian Thangmuansang
30
DF
IND
Ajith Kumar
32
MF
IND
Pushkar Sanjay Prabhu
33
MF
IND
Richard Costa
34
DF
CIV
Aubin Kouakou
40
MF
GHA
Emmanuel Essien
44
MF
IND
Jobern Cardozo
49
DF
IND
Lesly Rebello
57
FW
IND
Anil Rama Gaonkar
70
FW
SEN
Abdou Karim Samb
88
FW
NGA
Chika Ajulu
90
GK
IND
Subhajit Bhattacharjee
99
FW
NGA
Ogana Louis
—
MF
IND
Gaurav K
—
DF
IND
Nongmeikapam Sanathoi Meitei
Personnel
Current technical staff
Position
Name
Head coach
Javier Pereira
Assistant coach
Mario Soares
Goalkeeping coach
Nikidesh Kalari Vattath
Head physiotherapist
Anandu S Kumar
Honours
Main article: List of Churchill Brothers S.C. seasons
League
I-League
Champions (2): 2008–09, 2012–13
Runners-up (3): 2007–08, 2009–10, 2020–21
National Football League
Runners-up (3): 1996–97, 1999–2000, 2001–02
Third place (2): 1997–98, 1999–00
National Football League II
Runners-up (1): 2005–06
Cup
Durand Cup
Champions (3): 2007, 2009, 2011
Runners-up (2): 2001–02, 2008
Federation Cup
Champions (1): 2013–14
IFA Shield
Champions (2): 2009, 2011
Rovers Cup
Runners-up (3): 1997, 1999, 2000–01
Goa Governor's Cup
Champions (3): 2000, 2002, 2003
Runners-up (2): 1999, 2001
Goa Police Cup
Champions (1): 1999
Runners-up (1): 2018
Baji Rout Cup
Runners-up (1): 2022
Regional
Goa Football League
Champions (8): 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2008–09, 2019–20 (shared)
Award
I-League Fair Play Award: 2016–17
Performance in AFC competitions
See also: Indian football clubs in Asian competitions
Asian Club Championship: 1 appearance
1997–98: 1st round
AFC Champions League: 2 appearances
2002–03: Qualifying round 3
2010: Qualifying play-off
AFC Cup: 3 appearances
2010: Round of 16
2013: Group stage
2014: Round of 16
Records
Seasonal records
Season
Division
Teams
Position
Attendance
Federation Cup/Super Cup
Durand Cup
AFC Champions League
AFC Cup
2016–17
I-League
10
6th
2,560
Group stage
DNP
DNP
DNP
2017–18
I-League
10
9th
2,921
Round of 16
DNP
DNP
DNP
2018–19
I-League
11
4th
3,387
–
DNP
DNP
DNP
2019–20
I-League
11
8th
3,062
–
DNP
DNP
DNP
2020–21
I-League
11
2nd
-
–
DNP
DNP
DNP
Key
Tms. = Number of teams
Pos. = Position in league
Attendance/G = Average league attendance
Transfer record
Highest transfer fee received – Khalid Aucho: ₹4 crore (US$480,000) for move to Egyptian club Misr Lel Makkasa in 2019.
Goalscoring record
Highest goalscorer of the Indian NFL (with Churchill Brothers): Philip Mensah (1998–99), Yusif Yakubu (2001–02; 2002–03).
Other records
Players won I-League Golden Boot for Churchill Brothers: Odafe Onyeka Okolie (thrice, in 2007–08, 2008–09, 2007–08); Willis Plaza (once, in 2018–19).
Seasons
Results of league and cup competitions by season
Season
Division
P
W
D
L
F
A
Pts
Pos
Federation Cup
Super Cup
Asia
Round reached
Name
Goals
League
Top goalscorer
1996–97
Div 1
19
10
6
3
27
16
39
2nd
—
—
—
—
—
—
1997–98
Div 1
18
4
7
7
20
26
19
9th
—
—
—
—
—
—
1998–99
Div 1
20
7
8
5
27
22
29
3rd
—
—
—
—
—
—
1999–2000
Div 1
22
12
5
5
36
17
41
2nd
—
—
—
—
—
—
2000–01
Div 1
22
10
6
6
32
25
36
3rd
—
—
—
—
—
—
2001–02
Div 1
22
12
6
4
44
19
42
2nd
—
—
—
—
—
—
2002–03
Div 1
22
10
7
5
33
22
37
5th
—
—
AFC Champions League
QR3
—
—
2003–04
Div 1
22
10
6
6
29
24
36
4th
—
—
—
—
—
—
2004–05
Div 1
22
5
8
9
23
33
23
9th
—
—
—
—
—
—
2005–06
Div 2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2006–07
Div 1
18
7
8
3
30
23
29
4th
—
—
—
—
—
—
2007–08
IL
18
11
3
4
40
22
36
2nd
QF
—
—
—
Odafe Onyeka Okolie
22
2008–09
IL
22
13
7
2
53
23
46
1st
SF
—
—
—
Odafe Onyeka Okolie
24
2009–10
IL
26
11
10
5
50
35
43
2nd
SF
—
AFC Cup
R16
Odafe Onyeka Okolie
22
2010–11
IL
26
14
8
4
57
31
50
4th
SF
—
—
—
Odafe Onyeka Okolie
25
2011–12
IL
26
14
6
6
47
28
48
3rd
GS
—
—
—
Henry Antchouet
18
2012–13
IL
26
16
7
3
56
22
55
1st
SF
—
AFC Cup
GS
Henry Antchouet
14
2013–14
IL
24
6
7
11
25
37
25
12th
W
—
AFC Cup
R16
Balwant Singh
10
2018–19
IL
20
9
7
4
35
23
34
4th
-
-
-
Willis Plaza
21
2019–20
IL
15
6
2
7
23
21
20
8th
1st or W
Winners
2nd or RU
Runners-up
↑
Promoted
↓
Relegated
♦
Top scorer in division
Managerial history
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (June 2023)
Armando Colaco (1994–1999)
Danny McLennan (1999–2000)
Gregory Testvin (2000–2001)
T. K. Chathunni (2001–2002)
Marcus Pacheco (2002–2004)
Shabbir Ali (2004–2005)
György Kottán (2005–2006)
Karim Bencherifa (2006–2008)
Emeka Ezeugo (2008)
Zoran Đorđević (2008–2009)
Carlos Roberto Pereira (2009–2010)
Vincent Subramaniam (2010–2011)
Drago Mamić (2011)
Sukhwinder Singh (2011)
Manuel Gomes (2011–2012)
Carlos Roberto Pereira (2012)
Mariano Dias (2012–2014)
Joseph Afusi (2014)
Alfred Fernandes (2014–2016)
Joseph Afusi (2016–2017)
Derrick Pereira (2017)
Mykola Shevchenko (2017)
Petre Gigiu (2018–2019)
Edward Ansah (2019)
Bernardo Tavares (2019–2020)
Mateus Costa (2020)
Fernando Santiago Varela (2020–2021)
Petre Gigiu (2021–2022)
Antonio Rueda Fernández (2022)
Fernando Santiago Varela (2022–2023)
Mateus Costa (2023)
Edgardo Malvestiti (2023–2024)
Francesc Bonet (2024–present)
Notable players
See also: Category:Churchill Brothers FC Goa players
World Cup players
Emeka Ezeugo (1997–1998)
Anthony Wolfe (2014, 2017, 2018–2019)
Foreign internationals
José Maria da Cruz Martins (1998–1999)
Tapera Madzima (1998–1999)
Edward Ansah (1999–2003)
Igor Shkvyrin (2000–2001)
Nicholas Muyoti (2006–2007)
Óscar Sonejee (2008)
Kayne Vincent (2010–2011)
Henri Antchouet (2011–2013)
Balal Arezou (2011–2013)
Akram Moghrabi (2012–2013)
Bilal El Najjarine (2012–2013)
Ra'ed Al-Nawateer (2013)
Yasser Shaheen (2013–2014)
Cristhian Lagos (2014)
Glenton Wolfe (2014)
Emmanuel Ariwachukwu (2014–2015)
Precious Emuejeraye (2017–2018)
Khalid Aucho (2018–2019)
Hussein El Dor (2018–2019)
Willis Plaza (2018–2020)
Radanfah Abu Bakr (2019–2020)
Robert Primus (2019–2020)
Clayvin Zúñiga (2021)
Komron Tursunov (2022)
Abdoulaye Sané (2022–)
Momo "Mouhamed" Cissé (2022–)
Sharif Mukhammad (2022–)
Other notable players
Odafe Onyeka Okolie (2005–2011; 2014–2016) – club's all-time highest goalscorer, with 128 league goals (top scorer in league's 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10 seasons).
Sunil Chhetri (2013) – most-capped player and the all-time top goalscorer of India.
Yusif Yakubu (2001–2005; 2017) – NFL golden boot winner with Churchill in 2001–02, and 2002–03 (also won IndianFootball.com 'player of the Year' award with Churchill in 2003).
Abdelhamid Shabana (2013–2014) – appeared in the African Games, and was part of the Egypt U-20 and U-23.
David Izazola (2018) – won 2011 CONCACAF U-20 Championship with Mexico, alongside being bronze medalist at the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
Ahmad Al Kaddour (2013) – appeared at the 2012 AFC U-19 Championship with Syria U-19.
Sadat Bukari (2018–2019) – appeared at the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship with Ghana U-17.
Dawda Ceesay (2019) – appeared at the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup with Gambia U-17.
Shadi Skaf (2021–2022) – captained Lebanon U-20 team at the 2013 Jeux de la Francophonie.
Martín Cháves (2023–present) – appeared at the 2015 South American U-17 Championship with Uruguay U-17.
Other departments
Women's team
The club has a women's section, that competes in Goa Women's League, and won the league title in 2022–23 season. They also participated in Indian Women's League. Club's midfielder Cia Ryzella Almeida was honoured with "Women's Player of the Year" award by Goa Football Association (GFA) in June 2023.
Honours
Goa Women's League
Champions (1): 2022–23
Youth team
Churchill Brothers' U17 youth men's team competes in the Hero Youth League. Club's U19 team reached championship round in 2011 season. Their U15 team took part in Nike Premier Cup. Club's U20 team competed in I-League U20.
See also
List of Churchill Brothers S.C. seasons
List of Goan State Football Champions
Indian football clubs in Asian competitions
Footnotes
^ Fourth oldest football tournament, organized by the IFA (W.B.), and played between the local clubs of West Bengal and other invited ones.
^ Sporting Clube de Goa and Churchill Brothers were declared joint winners of GPL 2019–20 season as the 13 remaining games could not be played due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Dineo, Paul; Mills, James (2001). Soccer in South Asia: Empire, Nation, Diaspora. London, United Kingdom: Frank Cass Publishers. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-7146-8170-2. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022.
Kapadia, Novy (2017). Barefoot to Boots: The Many Lives of Indian Football. Penguin Random House. ISBN 978-0-143-42641-7.
Martinez, Dolores; Mukharjiim, Projit B (2009). Football: From England to the World: The Many Lives of Indian Football. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-88353-6. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022.
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Shreekumar, S. S. (15 August 2020). THE BEST WAY FORWARD FOR INDIA'S FOOTBALL. HSRA Publications. p. 244. ISBN 9788194721697. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
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Further reading
"Sporting Clube de Goa held by Churchill to goalless draw". Sporting Clube de Goa. 15 November 2014. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
"Dempo dump Churchill Brothers, open battle for second slot with Sporting". Navhind Times. 23 December 2016. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
"I-league leaders Prayag cautious about title dream". archive.indianexpress.com. New Delhi: Indian Express. Press Trust of India. 25 October 2012. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
Srivastava, Ayush. "Churchill Brothers 6–0 Shillong Lajong : The Goan Side Go Top of the Table After A Commanding Display Against Lajong". Goal.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
Scroll Staff (23 January 2018). "I-League: Dawda Ceesay, Israil Gurung strikes help Churchill Brothers overcome Indian Arrows". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
"I-League: It's come home as Real Kashmir face Churchill Brothers". The Indian Express. 6 November 2018. Archived from the original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
Mitra, Atanu; Jitendran, Nikhil (27 January 2015). "Kashyap's side continue their perfect run". goal.com. Pune: Goal. Archived from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
"BANGLA TEAM IN DRAB DRAW". telegraphindia.com. Kolkata. 18 November 1999. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
Singh, Kunwar Deep (2 August 2012). "Prayag United SC: Team Analysis and Season Preview 2012–13". thehardtackle.com. Kolkata: The Hard Tackle. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
"Dempo sports club vs Mumbai FC — Fatorda Stadium overview". i-league.com. I-League. 5 April 2014. Archived from the original on 5 April 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
Chattopadhyay, Hariprasad (17 January 2015). "Time to regain lost glory". telegraphindia.com. Kolkata: The Telegraph India. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
Ameerudheen, T. A. (5 November 2011). "A different home-coming for Churchill's Xavier Vijay Kumar". The Times of India. TNN. Archived from the original on 12 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
"Churchill Brothers 2–2 Semen Padang". the-afc.com. The Asian Football Confederation. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
Noronha, Anselm (11 October 2012). "Churchill Brothers SC 5–0 ONGC FC: The Red Machine demolish Subrata Bhattacharya's side". Goal.com. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
"I-League: Churchill Brothers Edge Past Aizawl FC to Record Much-needed Win". News18. 24 March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
"Exjugador de Pumas se une a Esqueda en el fútbol de la India" (in Spanish). Univision. 26 September 2018. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
"Aventura en la India del expuma David Izazola duró solo 10 días" (in Spanish). Medio Tempo. 17 November 2018. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
Lopes, Flavio (25 February 2018). "I-League: Lifeline for Churchill Brothers as they draw with Gokulam". The Times of India. Vasco. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
Sen, Debayan (24 October 2018). "I-League predictions: Mohun Bagan to pip East Bengal; difficult season for Aizawl". ESPN Australia. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
"Manuel Gomes vows to win silverware with Churchill Brothers next season – I-League news | bettor.com". blogs.bettor.com. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
Das, Shibashis (7 March 2022). "I-League 2: Looking back at when Dempo SC dominated Indian Football". footballexpress.in. Goa: Football Express India. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
"I-League 2017: Aizawl 1–0 Churchill Brothers' Yugo's late winner seals the victory for the defending champs". Goal.com. 13 December 2017. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
"I-League 2018/19: Neroca's Katsumi Yusa hits new record in the I-League history". xtratime.in. Kolkata: Xtra Time News. 15 December 2018. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
Rodrigues, Mario (19 October 2011). "Indian football: Suspects vs outsiders". livemint.com. Mumbai: LiveMint News. Archived from the original on 1 June 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
External links
Churchill Brothers FC Goa on Facebook
Churchill Brothers FC Goa on Instagram
Team profile at the-aiff.com (AIFF)
Team archive at WorldFootball.net
Team profile at Global Sports Archive
Portals: Association football India
vteChurchill Brothers FC GoaMargaoStadiums
Fatorda Stadium
Key personnel
Owners
Valanka Alemao
Head coach
Antonio Rueda
HonoursI-League
2008–09
2012–13
Federation Cup
2013–14
Durand Cup
2007
2009
2011
IFA Shield
2007
2009
2011
SeasonsSeasons
2013–14
2020–21
2021–22
2022–23
2023–24
vteI-LeagueCurrent Clubs
Aizawl
Churchill Brothers
Delhi
Gokulam Kerala
Inter Kashi
Mohammedan
Namdhari
NEROCA
Rajasthan United
Real Kashmir
Shillong Lajong
Sreenidi Deccan
TRAU
Former Clubs
Air India
Bengaluru
Chennai City
Dempo
DSK Shivajians
East Bengal
HAL
JCT
Minerva Academy FC
Mohun Bagan
Mumbai Kenkre
ONGC
Punjab
Rangdajied United
Royal Wahingdoh
Salgaocar
Sporting Goa
Sudeva
Vasco
United
United Sikkim
Dissolved clubs
Bharat
Chirag United Club Kerala
Indian Arrows
Mahindra United
Mumbai
Pune
Statistics and awards
Seasons
Champions
Golden Boot
Hat-tricks
Stats
I-League monthly awards
Associated competitions
AFC Cup (performances by clubs)
Seasons
2007–08
2008–09
2009–10
2010–11
2011–12
2012–13
2013–14
2014–15
2015–16
2016–17
2017–18
2018–19
2019–20
2020–21
2021–22
2022–23
2023–24
Related
National Football League
Foreign players
vte Indian football championsNational Football League
1996–97: JCT
1997–98: Mohun Bagan
1998–99: Salgaocar
1999–2000: Mohun Bagan
2000–01: East Bengal
2001–02: Mohun Bagan
2002–03: East Bengal
2003–04: East Bengal
2004–05: Dempo
2005–06: Mahindra United
2006–07: Dempo
I-League
2007–08: Dempo
2008–09: Churchill Brothers
2009–10: Dempo
2010–11: Salgaocar
2011–12: Dempo
2012–13: Churchill Brothers
2013–14: Bengaluru
2014–15: Mohun Bagan
2015–16: Bengaluru
2016–17: Aizawl
2017–18: Minerva Punjab
2018–19: Chennai City
2019–20: Mohun Bagan
2020–21: Gokulam Kerala
2021–22: Gokulam Kerala
Indian Super League
2017–18: Chennaiyin
2018–19: Bengaluru
2019–20: ATK
2020–21: Mumbai City
2021–22: Hyderabad
2022–23: Mumbai City
2023–24: Mohun Bagan SG
vteDurand Cup winners1888–1900
Royal Scots Fusiliers (1888)
Highland Light Infantry (1889)
Highland Light Infantry (1890)
King's Own Scottish Borderers (1891)
King's Own Scottish Borderers (1892)
Highland Light Infantry (1893)
Highland Light Infantry (1894)
Highland Light Infantry (1895)
Somerset Light Infantry (1896)
Black Watch (1897)
Black Watch (1898)
Black Watch (1899)
South Wales Borderers (1900)
1901–1920
South Wales Borderers (1901)
Hampshire Regiment (1902)
Royal Irish Rifles (1903)
North Staffordshire Regiment (1904)
Royal Dragoons (1905)
Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) (1906)
Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) (1907)
Lancashire Fusiliers (1908)
Lancashire Fusiliers (1909)
Royal Scots (1910)
Black Watch (1911)
Royal Scots (1912)
Lancashire Fusiliers (1913)
Not held (1914)
Not held (1915)
Not held (1916)
Not held (1917)
Not held (1918)
Not held (1919)
Black Watch (1920)
1921–1940
Worcestershire Regiment (1921)
Lancashire Fusiliers (1922)
Cheshire Regiment (1923)
Worcestershire Regiment (1924)
Sherwood Foresters (1925)
Durham Light Infantry (1926)
York & Lancaster Regiment (1927)
Sherwood Foresters (1928)
York & Lancaster Regiment (1929)
York & Lancaster Regiment (1930)
Devonshire Regiment (1931)
King's Shropshire Light Infantry (1932)
King's Shropshire Light Infantry (1933)
Royal Signals (1934)
Border Regiment (1935)
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (1936)
Border Regiment (1937)
South Wales Borderers (1938)
Not held (1939)
Mohammedan (1940)
1941–1960
Not held (1941)
Not held (1942)
Not held (1943)
Not held (1944)
Not held (1945)
Not held (1946)
Not held (1947)
Not held (1948)
Not held (1949)
Hyderabad City Police (1950)
East Bengal (1951)
East Bengal (1952)
Mohun Bagan (1953)
Hyderabad City Police (1954)
Madras Regimental Centre (1955)
East Bengal (1956)
Hyderabad City Police (1957)
Madras Regimental Centre (1958)
Mohun Bagan (1959)
Mohun Bagan and East Bengal (1960)
1961–1980
Andhra Pradesh Police (1961)
Not held (1962)
Mohun Bagan (1963)
Mohun Bagan (1964)
Mohun Bagan (1965)
Gorkha Brigade (1966)
East Bengal (1967)
Border Security Force (1968)
Gorkha Brigade (1969)
East Bengal (1970)
Border Security Force (1971)
East Bengal (1972)
Border Security Force (1973)
Mohun Bagan (1974)
Border Security Force (1975)
Border Security Force and JCT Mills (1976)
Mohun Bagan (1977)
East Bengal (1978)
Mohun Bagan (1979)
Mohun Bagan (1980)
1981–2000
Border Security Force (1981)
Mohun Bagan and East Bengal (1982)
JCT Mills (1983)
Mohun Bagan (1984)
Mohun Bagan (1985)
Mohun Bagan (1986)
JCT Mills (1987)
Border Security Force (1988)
East Bengal (1989)
East Bengal (1990)
East Bengal (1991)
JCT Mills (1992)
East Bengal (1993)
Mohun Bagan (1994)
East Bengal (1995)
JCT Mills (1996)
F.C. Kochin (1997)
Mahindra & Mahindra (1998)
Salgaocar (1999)
Mohun Bagan (2000)
2001–2020
Mahindra United (2001-02)
East Bengal (2002-03)
Salgaocar (2003-04)
East Bengal (2004-05)
Army XI (2005)
Dempo Sports Club (2006)
Churchill Brothers SC (2007)
Mahindra United (2008)
Churchill Brothers SC (2009)
Prayag United S.C. (2010)
Churchill Brothers SC (2011)
Air India (2012)
Mohammedan (2013)
Salgaocar (2014)
Army Green (2016)
Gokulam Kerala (2019)
2021–present
Goa (2021)
Bengaluru (2022)
Mohun Bagan (2023)
Notes: The tournament was not held from 1914-19 (due to WWI), in 1939 (due to WWII), from 1941-49 (due to WWII and Partition), in 1962 (due to 1962 War) and in 2015 and 2017-2018 (due to unknown reasons)
|
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league.[12][13] It has also won eight Goa League Champions Cups, three Durand Cups,[14][15] and a Federation Cup.[16][17]Churchill Brothers emerged as fourth ranked Indian team, and 648 universally, in the international rankings of clubs during the first ten years of the 21st century (2001–2010), issued by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics in 2011.[18]","title":"Churchill Brothers FC Goa"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Churchill Braz Alemao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill_Alemao"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rediff-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"1997–98 Asian Club Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_Asian_Club_Championship"},{"link_name":"Dong Thap","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_Thap_FC"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"Danny McLennan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_McLennan"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"2008–09 I-League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-League_2008-09"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"Emeka Ezeugo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeka_Ezeugo"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"2007–08 I-League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_I-League"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IL0708-34"},{"link_name":"2010 Asian Champions League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Asian_Champions_League"},{"link_name":"2010 AFC Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_AFC_Cup"},{"link_name":"AFC Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_Cup"},{"link_name":"Al-Hilal Al-Sahili","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hilal_Al-Sahili"},{"link_name":"Al-Qadsia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qadsia"},{"link_name":"Mohammed Al-Hamad Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Al-Hamad_Stadium"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Odafa.jpg"},{"link_name":"Odafe Onyeka Okolie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odafe_Onyeka_Okolie"}],"sub_title":"1988–2009","text":"Churchill Brothers FC were founded in 1988 as Varca Club.[19][20] After one season, they renamed as Brothers Sporting Club.[21] Later on they were bought out by Churchill Braz Alemao and renamed as Churchill Brothers FC and emerged as runners-up of the National Football League thrice: 1996–97, 1999–2000 and 2001–02.[22][23][24] In the 1997–98 Asian Club Championship, Churchill Brothers went on to represent India. But, they had a forgetful debut outing as the Goan outfit was knocked out in the very first round by Vietnamese club Dong Thap with a 2–1 aggregate loss.[25] In 1998, Churchill roped in Bassim Yonan, the first Iraqi player in India.[26] Noted Scottish manager Danny McLennan trained the club in 1999–2000 season.[27]After the take over by Churchill, the club went on to win the Durand Cup in 2007, and the 2008–09 I-League,[28][29] Durand Cup in 2009,[30] IFA Shield in the same year. In 2008, Nigerian World Cupper Emeka Ezeugo was appointed club's head coach.[31] They also emerged as runners-up of the 2007–08 I-League,[32][33] the inaugural season.[34] Through their I-League win Churchill Brothers FC were able to play in the 2010 Asian Champions League qualifiers which they lost and moved to the 2010 AFC Cup. During the AFC Cup they won two games against Al-Hilal Al-Sahili and finished runners-up in their group, advancing to the next round. Finally, they were defeated 1–2 to Al-Qadsia at the Mohammed Al-Hamad Stadium.[35]Odafe Onyeka Okolie, Churchill Brothers' all-time highest goalscorer (with 128 league goals).","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Vincent Subramaniam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Subramaniam"},{"link_name":"2010–11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_I-League"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Subramaniam-36"},{"link_name":"Drago Mamić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drago_Mami%C4%87"},{"link_name":"IFA Shield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFA_Shield"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Mami%C4%87-37"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manuel_Gomes_Football.jpg"},{"link_name":"Manuel Gomes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Gomes_(football_coach)"},{"link_name":"Portugal national football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"Manuel Gomes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Gomes_(football_coach)"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gomes_M-39"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"2011 Durand Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Durand_Cup"},{"link_name":"Prayag United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_SC"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"Carlos Roberto Pereira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Roberto_Pereira"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pereira-43"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beto_2.jpg"},{"link_name":"Beto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beto_(footballer,_born_1979)"},{"link_name":"Mariano Dias","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Dias"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"},{"link_name":"2013–14 I-League season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_I-League"},{"link_name":"Asian Football Confederation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CB_RU_USC-51"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"},{"link_name":"2013–14 Indian Federation Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_Indian_Federation_Cup"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"},{"link_name":"Mykola Shevchenko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykola_Shevchenko"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-M_Shevchenko-54"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55"},{"link_name":"Shillong Lajong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shillong_Lajong_F.C."},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-56"},{"link_name":"Joseph Afusi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Afusi"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Afusi-57"},{"link_name":"2017–18","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_I-League"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-58"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"},{"link_name":"Petre Gigiu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petre_Gigiu"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-60"},{"link_name":"Minerva Punjab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerva_Punjab_F.C."},{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-61"},{"link_name":"2018–19 I-League season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_I-League"},{"link_name":"[62]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-62"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-63"},{"link_name":"[64]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-64"}],"sub_title":"2010–2019","text":"Churchill Brothers was managed by Singaporean Vincent Subramaniam for the 2010–11 season.[36] The club went the rest of the season with Croatian Drago Mamić, who helped them win the IFA Shield that year.[37][38]Manuel Gomes as the manager of Churchill Brothers in 2011On 9 June 2011, Churchill Brothers announced they have signed former Portugal national football team assistant coach Manuel Gomes as a permanent coach.[39][40] His start proved to be successful as the club captured the 2011 Durand Cup for the third team in their history in October 2011, defeating Prayag United 5–4.[41][42] However, on 15 February 2012, it was announced that Gomes had resigned and that former coach Carlos Roberto Pereira would be brought in on a caretaker basis.[43][44]Churchill's Brazilian striker Beto (in No 10, white) in action at the 2011 Federation Cup.Then on 13 July 2012, it was announced that Mariano Dias had been signed to become their new full-time head coach.[45] After his first season in charge, Dias managed to lead Churchill Brothers to the I-League championship,[46][47][48] their second domestic title in the history.[49][50]After the end of 2013–14 I-League season, Churchill finished in twelfth position with 25 points in 24 matches and was evicted from I-League for not fulfilling the Asian Football Confederation's club licensing criteria.[51][52] In that season, they clinched the 2013–14 Indian Federation Cup title.[53] In November 2017, it was announced that Ukrainian Mykola Shevchenko joined Churchill as their head coach.[54][55] His first game as a manager occurred on 2 December 2017, when Churchill took on Shillong Lajong, resulting in a 2–0 loss. His stint came to an end as he was sacked from the position.[56] Churchill then roped in Joseph Afusi of Nigeria as technical director,[57] but were relegated at the end of the 2017–18 season, with just 17 points from 18 games.[58] However, their position was reinstated by the AIFF, after a successful appeal by the club.[59]In August 2018, Romanian manager Petre Gigiu was appointed head coach.[60] His first competitive game was on 28 October 2018 in Churchill's opening match against the reigning champions, Minerva Punjab. The match ended in a 0–0 draw.[61] At the end of the 2018–19 I-League season, they finished on fourth position with 34 points.[62][63][64]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fernando Santiago Varela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Santiago_Varela"},{"link_name":"[65]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-65"},{"link_name":"[66]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-66"},{"link_name":"2020–21 I-League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_I-League"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-67"},{"link_name":"[68]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-68"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-69"},{"link_name":"[70]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-70"},{"link_name":"RoundGlass Punjab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_FC"},{"link_name":"Gokulam Kerala FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gokulam_Kerala_FC"},{"link_name":"[71]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-71"},{"link_name":"[72]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-72"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Players_of_Churchill_Brothers_FC_Goa_reserves_in_action_during_a_Goa_Pro_League_match_against_Sporting_Goa.jpg"},{"link_name":"2021–22 I-League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_I-League"},{"link_name":"Sekou Sylla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekou_Sylla_(footballer,_born_1992)"},{"link_name":"[73]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-73"},{"link_name":"Petre Gigiu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petre_Gigiu"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gigiu-74"},{"link_name":"[75]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-75"},{"link_name":"[76]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-76"},{"link_name":"Odisha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha"},{"link_name":"[77]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-77"},{"link_name":"Rajasthan United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthan_United_FC"},{"link_name":"[78]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-78"},{"link_name":"2023 Indian Super Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Indian_Super_Cup"},{"link_name":"[79]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-79"}],"sub_title":"2020–present","text":"In September 2020, Churchill appointed Fernando Santiago Varela as head coach.[65][66] Under his guidance, Churchill emerged as the runners-up of the 2020–21 I-League with 29 points.[67][68][69][70] Although Churchill managed a win against RoundGlass Punjab in their last match, Gokulam Kerala FC were crowned champions courtesy of a better head-to-head record.[71][72]Churchill Brothers players (in red) in action against Sporting Goa during a local league match at the Duler Stadium in Mapusa in 2023Ahead of the 2021–22 I-League, Churchill roped in their first ever Guinean player Sekou Sylla,[73] and Romanian Petre Gigiu returned to the club as head coach.[74] They finished the season in fourth place.[75][76] The club later in November, reached final of Baji Rout Cup in Odisha,[77] finished as runners-up after defeat to Rajasthan United.[78] They later took part in 2023 Indian Super Cup in Kerala, in April.[79]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Crest, colours & kits"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[80]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-80"},{"link_name":"[81]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-81"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Churchill_brothers_logo.png"},{"link_name":"crest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crest_(sports)"}],"sub_title":"Crest","text":"In 2011, a new red and black coloured crest was introduced.[80] The crest of Churchill Brothers was originally in green and yellow, that had a football on green grass with yellow rays representing the sun's rays, with initials of the club name.[81]Former club crest (1988–2011)","title":"Crest, colours & kits"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jayanth_Kumar.jpg"},{"link_name":"[82]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-82"},{"link_name":"[83]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-83"},{"link_name":"[84]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-84"}],"sub_title":"Colours","text":"Churchill Brothers player Jayanth Kumar in club's red coloured kit at their home ground in Vasco.The present colours of Churchill Brothers kit is red for home matches[82][83] and blue for away matches,[84] but before the brand new crest the home colours were white and the away colours were red.","title":"Crest, colours & kits"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors","title":"Crest, colours & kits"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shri_Churchill_Alemao,_Rajya_Sabha_MP_speaking_at_the_valedictory_function_of_Bharat_Nirman_Abhyaan_organised_jointly_by_the_various_media_units_of_the_Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_at_Ponda-Goa_for_the_last.jpg"},{"link_name":"Churchill Alemao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill_Alemao"},{"link_name":"Goa Football Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa_Football_Association"},{"link_name":"Chief Minister of the state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Goa"},{"link_name":"[90]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-90"},{"link_name":"[91]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-91"},{"link_name":"[92]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-92"},{"link_name":"[93]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-93"},{"link_name":"[94]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-94"},{"link_name":"[95]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-95"},{"link_name":"[96]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-96"},{"link_name":"[97]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-97"}],"text":"Churchill Alemao (in left), founder and owener of Churchill Brothers.Churchill Brothers is owned and led for decades by Goan entrepreneur and politician Churchill Alemao, who served as both the president of Goa Football Association and Chief Minister of the state.[90][91] His daughter Valanka Alemao is current CEO of the club.[92][93]Churchill Brothers is predominantly nicknamed the \"Red Machine\".[94][95][96][97]","title":"Ownership and nickname"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fatorda_Stadium.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tilak_Maidan_Stadium.jpg"},{"link_name":"[98]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-98"},{"link_name":"[99]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-99"},{"link_name":"Dempo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dempo_S.C."},{"link_name":"Salgaocar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salgaocar_F.C."},{"link_name":"Sporting Goa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporting_Clube_de_Goa"},{"link_name":"Vasco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_S.C."},{"link_name":"[100]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-100"},{"link_name":"[101]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-101"},{"link_name":"Tilak Maidan Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilak_Maidan_Stadium"},{"link_name":"[102]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-102"},{"link_name":"2012–13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_I-League"},{"link_name":"Duler Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duler_Stadium"},{"link_name":"[103]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-103"},{"link_name":"Mapusa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapusa"},{"link_name":"[104]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-104"},{"link_name":"[105]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TurfWork-105"},{"link_name":"[106]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GoaCom-106"},{"link_name":"Fatorda Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatorda_Stadium"},{"link_name":"2013 Lusophony Games","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Lusophony_Games"},{"link_name":"AFC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation"},{"link_name":"[107]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-107"},{"link_name":"2013 AFC Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_AFC_Cup"},{"link_name":"Shri Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shri_Shiv_Chhatrapati_Sports_Complex"},{"link_name":"Pune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pune"},{"link_name":"[108]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-108"},{"link_name":"GMC Athletic Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMC_Athletic_Stadium"},{"link_name":"[109]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-109"}],"text":"Fatorda Stadium on a matchdayTilak Maidan Stadium on a matchdaySince the I-League began, Churchill Brothers have always played mainly at the Fatorda Stadium in the South Goan city of Margao[98][99] along with other Goan clubs Dempo, Salgaocar, Sporting Goa and Vasco.[100][101] They also use Tilak Maidan Stadium for both I-League and Goa Professional League matches.[102]During the 2012–13 season Churchill Brothers temporarily played at the Duler Stadium[103] in Mapusa,[104][105][106] Goa, while the Fatorda Stadium was being renovated for the 2013 Lusophony Games and the Tilak Maidan was being renovated up to AFC standards.[107]During the 2013 AFC Cup, Churchill Brothers used Shri Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex in Pune as their home ground.[108] The club later in 2022–23 season, moved to GMC Athletic Stadium in Bambolim.[109]","title":"Stadiums"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Goan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa"},{"link_name":"Dempo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dempo_SC"},{"link_name":"[110]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-110"},{"link_name":"[111]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-111"},{"link_name":"[112]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-112"},{"link_name":"Sporting Clube de Goa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporting_Clube_de_Goa"},{"link_name":"[113]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-113"},{"link_name":"[114]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-114"},{"link_name":"[115]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-115"},{"link_name":"Salgaocar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salgaocar_FC"},{"link_name":"[116]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-116"},{"link_name":"[117]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Debut_for_Churchill_Brothers-117"},{"link_name":"[118]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-118"},{"link_name":"[119]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-119"}],"text":"Churchill Brothers has a major rivalry with their fellow Goan side Dempo, popularly known as the \"Goan Derby\".[110][111][112]They have also rivalries with other two Goan sides, Sporting Clube de Goa[113][114][115] and Salgaocar,[116][117] whom they faced in I-League,[118] and currently in Goa Professional League.[119]","title":"Rivalries"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Players"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"FIFA eligibility rules","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_eligibility_rules"}],"sub_title":"First-team squad","text":"As of 31 January 2024Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.","title":"Players"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Personnel"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Current technical staff","title":"Personnel"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"I-League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-League"},{"link_name":"2008–09","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_I-League"},{"link_name":"[120]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-120"},{"link_name":"2012–13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_I-League"},{"link_name":"[121]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-121"},{"link_name":"2007–08","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_I-League"},{"link_name":"[122]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-122"},{"link_name":"2009–10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_I-League"},{"link_name":"[123]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-123"},{"link_name":"2020–21","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_I-League"},{"link_name":"National Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League_(India)"},{"link_name":"1996–97","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%E2%80%9397_Indian_National_Football_League"},{"link_name":"1999–2000","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%E2%80%932000_Indian_National_Football_League"},{"link_name":"2001–02","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_Indian_National_Football_League"},{"link_name":"[124]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-124"},{"link_name":"[125]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-125"},{"link_name":"National Football League II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League_Second_Division_(India)"},{"link_name":"[126]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ifde-126"},{"link_name":"[127]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-127"}],"sub_title":"League","text":"I-League\nChampions (2): 2008–09,[120] 2012–13[121]\nRunners-up (3): 2007–08,[122] 2009–10,[123] 2020–21\nNational Football League\nRunners-up (3): 1996–97, 1999–2000, 2001–02[124]\nThird place (2): 1997–98,[125] 1999–00\nNational Football League II\nRunners-up (1): 2005–06[126][127]","title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Durand Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durand_Cup"},{"link_name":"[128]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-128"},{"link_name":"2009","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Durand_Cup"},{"link_name":"2011","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Durand_Cup"},{"link_name":"[129]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-129"},{"link_name":"Federation Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_Cup_(India)"},{"link_name":"2013–14","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_Indian_Federation_Cup"},{"link_name":"[130]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-130"},{"link_name":"IFA Shield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFA_Shield"},{"link_name":"[nb 1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-131"},{"link_name":"[131]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-132"},{"link_name":"2009","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_IFA_Shield"},{"link_name":"[132]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-133"},{"link_name":"2011","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_IFA_Shield"},{"link_name":"Rovers Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rovers_Cup"},{"link_name":"[133]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-134"},{"link_name":"[134]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-135"},{"link_name":"[135]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-136"},{"link_name":"[136]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-137"},{"link_name":"[137]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-138"},{"link_name":"Goa Police Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa_Police_Cup"},{"link_name":"[138]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-139"},{"link_name":"[139]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-140"},{"link_name":"[140]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-141"}],"sub_title":"Cup","text":"Durand Cup\nChampions (3): 2007,[128] 2009, 2011\nRunners-up (2): 2001–02,[129] 2008\nFederation Cup\nChampions (1): 2013–14[130]\nIFA Shield[nb 1][131]\nChampions (2): 2009,[132] 2011\nRovers Cup[133]\nRunners-up (3): 1997, 1999,[134] 2000–01[135]\nGoa Governor's Cup\nChampions (3): 2000, 2002,[136] 2003[137]\nRunners-up (2): 1999, 2001\nGoa Police Cup\nChampions (1): 1999[138]\nRunners-up (1): 2018[139]\nBaji Rout Cup\nRunners-up (1): 2022[140]","title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Goa Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa_Football_League"},{"link_name":"[141]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-142"},{"link_name":"[142]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-143"},{"link_name":"[143]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-144"},{"link_name":"2019–20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Goa_Professional_League"},{"link_name":"[nb 2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-145"},{"link_name":"[144]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-146"}],"sub_title":"Regional","text":"Goa Football League\nChampions (8): 1995–96, 1996–97,[141] 1997–98,[142] 1999, 2000, 2001, 2008–09,[143] 2019–20 (shared)[nb 2][144]","title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"I-League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-League"},{"link_name":"[145]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-147"},{"link_name":"[146]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-148"}],"sub_title":"Award","text":"I-League Fair Play Award: 2016–17[145][146]","title":"Honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Indian football clubs in Asian competitions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_football_clubs_in_Asian_competitions"},{"link_name":"Asian Club Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Club_Championship"},{"link_name":"1997–98","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_Asian_Club_Championship"},{"link_name":"AFC Champions League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_Champions_League"},{"link_name":"2002–03","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_AFC_Champions_League"},{"link_name":"2010","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_AFC_Champions_League"},{"link_name":"AFC Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_Cup"},{"link_name":"[147]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-149"},{"link_name":"2010","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_Cup_2010"},{"link_name":"2013","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_Cup_2013"},{"link_name":"2014","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_AFC_Cup"}],"text":"See also: Indian football clubs in Asian competitionsAsian Club Championship: 1 appearance1997–98: 1st roundAFC Champions League: 2 appearances2002–03: Qualifying round 3\n2010: Qualifying play-offAFC Cup: 3 appearances[147]2010: Round of 16\n2013: Group stage\n2014: Round of 16","title":"Performance in AFC competitions"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Records"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Seasonal records","text":"KeyTms. = Number of teams\nPos. = Position in league\nAttendance/G = Average league attendance","title":"Records"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda"},{"link_name":"Khalid Aucho","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalid_Aucho"},{"link_name":"Misr Lel Makkasa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misr_Lel_Makkasa_SC"},{"link_name":"[148]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-150"}],"sub_title":"Transfer record","text":"Highest transfer fee received – Khalid Aucho: ₹4 crore (US$480,000) for move to Egyptian club Misr Lel Makkasa in 2019.[148]","title":"Records"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"NFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League_(India)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rediff-23"},{"link_name":"[149]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-151"}],"sub_title":"Goalscoring record","text":"Highest goalscorer of the Indian NFL (with Churchill Brothers): Philip Mensah (1998–99), Yusif Yakubu (2001–02; 2002–03).[23][149]","title":"Records"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"I-League Golden Boot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-League_Golden_Boot"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria"},{"link_name":"Odafe Onyeka Okolie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odafe_Onyeka_Okolie"},{"link_name":"2007–08","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_I-League"},{"link_name":"2008–09","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_I-League"},{"link_name":"2007–08","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_I-League"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago"},{"link_name":"Willis Plaza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis_Plaza"},{"link_name":"2018–19","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_I-League"},{"link_name":"[150]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-152"},{"link_name":"[151]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-153"}],"sub_title":"Other records","text":"Players won I-League Golden Boot for Churchill Brothers: Odafe Onyeka Okolie (thrice, in 2007–08, 2008–09, 2007–08); Willis Plaza (once, in 2018–19).[150][151]","title":"Records"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Seasons"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"Armando Colaco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armando_Colaco"},{"link_name":"[153]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-155"},{"link_name":"[154]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-156"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland"},{"link_name":"Danny McLennan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_McLennan"},{"link_name":"[155]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-157"},{"link_name":"[156]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-158"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan"},{"link_name":"[157]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-159"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"T. K. Chathunni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._K._Chathunni"},{"link_name":"[158]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-160"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"[159]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-161"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"Shabbir Ali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabbir_Ali"},{"link_name":"[160]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-162"},{"link_name":"[161]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-163"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary"},{"link_name":"György Kottán","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Kott%C3%A1n"},{"link_name":"[162]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-164"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco"},{"link_name":"Karim Bencherifa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karim_Bencherifa"},{"link_name":"[163]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-165"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria"},{"link_name":"Emeka Ezeugo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeka_Ezeugo"},{"link_name":"[164]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-166"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia"},{"link_name":"Zoran Đorđević","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoran_%C4%90or%C4%91evi%C4%87_(football_manager)"},{"link_name":"[165]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-167"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil"},{"link_name":"Carlos Roberto Pereira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Roberto_Pereira"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pereira-43"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore"},{"link_name":"Vincent Subramaniam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Subramaniam"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Subramaniam-36"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia"},{"link_name":"Drago Mamić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drago_Mami%C4%87"},{"link_name":"[166]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-168"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"Sukhwinder Singh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhwinder_Singh_(football_manager)"},{"link_name":"[167]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-169"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal"},{"link_name":"Manuel Gomes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Gomes_(football_manager)"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gomes_M-39"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil"},{"link_name":"Carlos Roberto Pereira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Roberto_Pereira"},{"link_name":"[168]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-170"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"Mariano Dias","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Dias"},{"link_name":"[169]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-171"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria"},{"link_name":"Joseph Afusi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Afusi"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Afusi-57"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"Alfred Fernandes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Fernandes"},{"link_name":"[170]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-172"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria"},{"link_name":"Joseph Afusi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Afusi"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Afusi-57"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"Derrick Pereira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrick_Pereira"},{"link_name":"[171]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-173"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine"},{"link_name":"Mykola Shevchenko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykola_Shevchenko"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-M_Shevchenko-54"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania"},{"link_name":"Petre Gigiu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petre_Gigiu"},{"link_name":"[172]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-174"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana"},{"link_name":"Edward Ansah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Ansah"},{"link_name":"[173]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-175"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal"},{"link_name":"Bernardo Tavares","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_Tavares"},{"link_name":"[174]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-176"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"Mateus Costa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mateus_Costa"},{"link_name":"[175]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-177"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"},{"link_name":"Fernando Santiago Varela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Santiago_Varela"},{"link_name":"[176]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-178"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania"},{"link_name":"Petre Gigiu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petre_Gigiu"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gigiu-74"},{"link_name":"[177]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-179"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"},{"link_name":"Antonio Rueda Fernández","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Jes%C3%BAs_Rueda_Fern%C3%A1ndez"},{"link_name":"[178]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Rueda_Fern%C3%A1ndez-180"},{"link_name":"[179]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-181"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"},{"link_name":"Fernando Santiago Varela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Santiago_Varela"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"[180]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-182"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina"},{"link_name":"Edgardo Malvestiti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgardo_Malvestiti"},{"link_name":"[181]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-183"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"},{"link_name":"Francesc Bonet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesc_Bonet"},{"link_name":"[182]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-184"}],"text":"Armando Colaco (1994–1999)[153][154]\n Danny McLennan (1999–2000)[155][156]\n Gregory Testvin (2000–2001)[157]\n T. K. Chathunni (2001–2002)[158]\n Marcus Pacheco (2002–2004)[159]\n Shabbir Ali (2004–2005)[160][161]\n György Kottán (2005–2006)[162]\n Karim Bencherifa (2006–2008)[163]\n Emeka Ezeugo (2008)[164]\n Zoran Đorđević (2008–2009)[165]\n Carlos Roberto Pereira (2009–2010)[43]\n Vincent Subramaniam (2010–2011)[36]\n Drago Mamić (2011)[166]\n Sukhwinder Singh (2011)[167]\n Manuel Gomes (2011–2012)[39]\n Carlos Roberto Pereira (2012)[168]\n Mariano Dias (2012–2014)[169]\n Joseph Afusi (2014)[57]\n Alfred Fernandes (2014–2016)[170]\n Joseph Afusi (2016–2017)[57]\n Derrick Pereira (2017)[171]\n Mykola Shevchenko (2017)[54]\n Petre Gigiu (2018–2019)[172]\n Edward Ansah (2019)[173]\n Bernardo Tavares (2019–2020)[174]\n Mateus Costa (2020)[175]\n Fernando Santiago Varela (2020–2021)[176]\n Petre Gigiu (2021–2022)[74][177]\n Antonio Rueda Fernández (2022)[178][179]\n Fernando Santiago Varela (2022–2023)\n Mateus Costa (2023)[180]\n Edgardo Malvestiti (2023–2024)[181]\n Francesc Bonet (2024–present)[182]","title":"Managerial history"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Category:Churchill Brothers FC Goa players","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Churchill_Brothers_FC_Goa_players"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria"},{"link_name":"Emeka Ezeugo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeka_Ezeugo"},{"link_name":"[183]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-185"},{"link_name":"[184]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-186"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago"},{"link_name":"Anthony Wolfe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Wolfe"},{"link_name":"[185]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-187"},{"link_name":"[186]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-188"},{"link_name":"[187]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-189"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria"},{"link_name":"Odafe Onyeka Okolie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odafe_Onyeka_Okolie"},{"link_name":"[229]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-231"},{"link_name":"[230]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-232"},{"link_name":"2007–08","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_I-League"},{"link_name":"[231]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-233"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IL0708-34"},{"link_name":"2008–09","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_I-League"},{"link_name":"[232]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-234"},{"link_name":"2009–10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_I-League"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"Sunil Chhetri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunil_Chhetri"},{"link_name":"most-capped player","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_men%27s_footballers_with_100_or_more_international_caps"},{"link_name":"all-time top goalscorer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_top_international_men%27s_football_goal_scorers_by_country"},{"link_name":"India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"[233]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-235"},{"link_name":"[234]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-236"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana"},{"link_name":"Yusif Yakubu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusif_Yakubu"},{"link_name":"NFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League_(India)"},{"link_name":"[235]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-237"},{"link_name":"[236]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-238"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rediff-23"},{"link_name":"[237]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-239"},{"link_name":"[238]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-240"},{"link_name":"[239]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-241"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt"},{"link_name":"Abdelhamid Shabana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdelhamid_Shabana"},{"link_name":"Egypt U-20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_national_under-20_football_team"},{"link_name":"U-23","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt_national_football_team"},{"link_name":"[240]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-242"},{"link_name":"[241]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-243"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico"},{"link_name":"David Izazola","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Izazola"},{"link_name":"2011 CONCACAF U-20 Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_CONCACAF_U-20_Championship"},{"link_name":"2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_FIFA_U-20_World_Cup"},{"link_name":"[242]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-244"},{"link_name":"[243]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-245"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria"},{"link_name":"Ahmad Al Kaddour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Al_Kaddour"},{"link_name":"2012 AFC U-19 Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_AFC_U-19_Championship"},{"link_name":"[244]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-246"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana"},{"link_name":"Sadat Bukari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadat_Bukari"},{"link_name":"[245]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-247"},{"link_name":"2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_FIFA_U-17_World_Championship"},{"link_name":"Ghana U-17","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_national_under-17_football_team"},{"link_name":"[246]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-248"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia"},{"link_name":"Dawda Ceesay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawda_Ceesay"},{"link_name":"[247]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-249"},{"link_name":"2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_FIFA_U-17_World_Cup"},{"link_name":"Gambia U-17","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambia_national_under-17_football_team"},{"link_name":"[248]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-250"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon"},{"link_name":"Shadi Skaf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadi_Skaf"},{"link_name":"Lebanon U-20 team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_national_under-20_football_team"},{"link_name":"2013 Jeux de la Francophonie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_at_the_2013_Jeux_de_la_Francophonie"},{"link_name":"[249]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-251"},{"link_name":"[250]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-252"},{"link_name":"[251]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-253"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay"},{"link_name":"Martín Cháves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Ch%C3%A1ves"},{"link_name":"2015 South American U-17 Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_South_American_U-17_Championship"},{"link_name":"Uruguay U-17","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_national_under-17_football_team"},{"link_name":"[252]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-254"},{"link_name":"[253]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-255"}],"text":"See also: Category:Churchill Brothers FC Goa playersWorld Cup playersEmeka Ezeugo (1997–1998)[183][184]\n Anthony Wolfe (2014, 2017, 2018–2019)[185][186][187]Foreign internationalsOther notable playersOdafe Onyeka Okolie (2005–2011; 2014–2016) – club's all-time highest goalscorer, with 128 league goals[229][230] (top scorer in league's 2007–08,[231][34] 2008–09,[232] 2009–10 seasons).\n Sunil Chhetri (2013) – most-capped player and the all-time top goalscorer of India.[233][234]\n Yusif Yakubu (2001–2005; 2017) – NFL golden boot winner with Churchill in 2001–02, and 2002–03 [From 2001 to 2005, he scored 65 goals in 103 league matches with club][235][236][23][237][238] (also won IndianFootball.com 'player of the Year' award with Churchill in 2003).[239]\n Abdelhamid Shabana (2013–2014) – appeared in the African Games, and was part of the Egypt U-20 and U-23.[240][241]\n David Izazola (2018) – won 2011 CONCACAF U-20 Championship with Mexico, alongside being bronze medalist at the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup.[242][243]\n Ahmad Al Kaddour (2013) – appeared at the 2012 AFC U-19 Championship with Syria U-19.[244]\n Sadat Bukari (2018–2019)[245] – appeared at the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship with Ghana U-17.[246]\n Dawda Ceesay (2019)[247] – appeared at the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup with Gambia U-17.[248]\n Shadi Skaf (2021–2022) – captained Lebanon U-20 team at the 2013 Jeux de la Francophonie.[249][250][251]\n Martín Cháves (2023–present) – appeared at the 2015 South American U-17 Championship with Uruguay U-17.[252][253]","title":"Notable players"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Other departments"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Goa Women's League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa_Women%27s_League"},{"link_name":"[254]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Women's-256"},{"link_name":"[255]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-257"},{"link_name":"[256]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-258"},{"link_name":"Indian Women's League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Women%27s_League"},{"link_name":"[257]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-259"},{"link_name":"[258]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-260"},{"link_name":"Goa Football Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa_Football_Association"},{"link_name":"[259]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-261"},{"link_name":"Goa Women's League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa_Women%27s_League"},{"link_name":"[254]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Women's-256"}],"sub_title":"Women's team","text":"The club has a women's section, that competes in Goa Women's League, and won the league title in 2022–23 season.[254][255][256] They also participated in Indian Women's League.[257][258] Club's midfielder Cia Ryzella Almeida was honoured with \"Women's Player of the Year\" award by Goa Football Association (GFA) in June 2023.[259]HonoursGoa Women's League\nChampions (1): 2022–23[254]","title":"Other departments"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hero Youth League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_U-17_Youth_Cup"},{"link_name":"[260]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-262"},{"link_name":"[261]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-263"},{"link_name":"[262]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-264"},{"link_name":"[263]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-265"},{"link_name":"2011 season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_I-League_U19"},{"link_name":"[264]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-266"},{"link_name":"[265]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-267"},{"link_name":"I-League U20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-League_U20"},{"link_name":"[266]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-268"}],"sub_title":"Youth team","text":"Churchill Brothers' U17 youth men's team competes in the Hero Youth League.[260] Club's U19 team[261][262][263] reached championship round in 2011 season.[264] Their U15 team took part in Nike Premier Cup.[265] Club's U20 team competed in I-League U20.[266]","title":"Other departments"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-131"},{"link_name":"Fourth oldest football tournament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oldest_football_competitions"},{"link_name":"IFA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Football_Association"},{"link_name":"W.B.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal"},{"link_name":"West Bengal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-145"},{"link_name":"Sporting Clube de Goa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporting_Clube_de_Goa"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic"}],"text":"^ Fourth oldest football tournament, organized by the IFA (W.B.), and played between the local clubs of West Bengal and other invited ones.\n\n^ Sporting Clube de Goa and Churchill Brothers were declared joint winners of GPL 2019–20 season as the 13 remaining games could not be played due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","title":"Footnotes"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Odafe Onyeka Okolie, Churchill Brothers' all-time highest goalscorer (with 128 league goals).","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Odafa.jpg/160px-Odafa.jpg"},{"image_text":"Manuel Gomes as the manager of Churchill Brothers in 2011","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Manuel_Gomes_Football.jpg/150px-Manuel_Gomes_Football.jpg"},{"image_text":"Churchill's Brazilian striker Beto (in No 10, white) in action at the 2011 Federation Cup.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Beto_2.jpg/220px-Beto_2.jpg"},{"image_text":"Churchill Brothers players (in red) in action against Sporting Goa during a local league match at the Duler Stadium in Mapusa in 2023","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Players_of_Churchill_Brothers_FC_Goa_reserves_in_action_during_a_Goa_Pro_League_match_against_Sporting_Goa.jpg/220px-Players_of_Churchill_Brothers_FC_Goa_reserves_in_action_during_a_Goa_Pro_League_match_against_Sporting_Goa.jpg"},{"image_text":"Churchill Brothers player Jayanth Kumar in club's red coloured kit at their home ground in Vasco.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Jayanth_Kumar.jpg/220px-Jayanth_Kumar.jpg"},{"image_text":"Churchill Alemao (in left), founder and owener of Churchill Brothers.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Shri_Churchill_Alemao%2C_Rajya_Sabha_MP_speaking_at_the_valedictory_function_of_Bharat_Nirman_Abhyaan_organised_jointly_by_the_various_media_units_of_the_Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_at_Ponda-Goa_for_the_last.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg"}]
|
[{"title":"List of Churchill Brothers S.C. seasons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Churchill_Brothers_S.C._seasons"},{"title":"List of Goan State Football Champions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Goan_State_Football_Champions"},{"title":"Indian football clubs in Asian competitions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_football_clubs_in_Asian_competitions"}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Zhao
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Zhao (state)
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["1 Origins and ascendancy","2 Fall of Zhao","3 Culture and society","4 List of Zhao rulers","4.1 Before the partition of Jin","4.2 After the partition of Jin","5 Zhao in astronomy","6 See also","7 References"]
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Ancient Chinese kingdom (403-222 BCE) during the Warring States period
Not to be confused with Chao (state).
State of Zhao趙403 BC–222 BCStatusState → KingdomCapitalJinyang, HandanReligion
Chinese folk religion
Ancestor worship
GovernmentMonarchy• 423 BCE - 409 BCE (first) Marquess Xian of Zhao• 403 BCE - 400 BCE Marquess Lie of Zhao• 386 BCE - 375 BCE Marquess Jing of Zhao• 374 BCE - 350 BCE Marquess Cheng of Zhao• 349 BCE - 326 BCE Marquess Su of Zhao• 325 BCE - 299 BCE King Wuling of Zhao• 298 BCE - 266 BCE King Huiwen of Zhao• 265 BCE - 245 BCE King Xiaocheng of Zhao• 244 BCE - 236 BCE King Daoxiang of Zhao• 235 BCE - 228 BCE King Youmiu of Zhao• 227 BCE - 223 BCE (last) King Jia of Zhao
Historical eraWarring States period• Partition of Jin 403 BC• Conquered by Qin 222 BC
Currency
Spade money
Other ancient Chinese coinage
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Jin (Chinese state)
Qin dynasty
Zhao"Zhao" in seal script (top), Traditional (middle), and Simplified (bottom) Chinese charactersTraditional Chinese趙Simplified Chinese赵TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinZhàoGwoyeu RomatzyhJawWade–GilesChao4IPAYue: CantoneseYale RomanizationJiuhJyutpingZiu6IPASouthern MinTâi-lôTiōOld ChineseBaxter–Sagart (2014)*rewʔ
Ruins of the city of Dai, Zhao's last capital
Zhao (traditional Chinese: 趙; simplified Chinese: 赵) was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It emerged from the tripartite division of Jin, along with Han and Wei, in the 5th century BC. Zhao gained considerable strength from the military reforms initiated during the reign of King Wuling, but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Qin at the Battle of Changping. Its territory included areas in the modern provinces of Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi. It bordered the states of Qin, Wei, and Yan, as well as various nomadic peoples including the Hu and Xiongnu. Its capital was Handan, in modern Hebei province.
Zhao was home to the administrative philosopher Shen Dao, Confucian Xun Kuang, and Gonsun Long, who is affiliated to the school of names.
Origins and ascendancy
The Zhao clan within Jin had been accumulating power for centuries, including annexing the Baidi state of Dai in the mid-5th century BC.
At the end of the Spring and Autumn period, Jin was divided between three powerful ministers, one of whom was Zhao Xiangzi, patriarch of the Zhao family. In 403 BC, the Zhou king formally recognised the existence of the Zhao state along with two other states, Han and Wei. Some historians, beginning with Sima Guang, take this recognition to mark the beginning of the Warring States Period.
At the beginning of the Warring States period, Zhao was one of the weaker states. Despite its extensive territory, its northern border was frequently harassed by the Eastern Hu, Forest Hu, Loufan, Xiongnu, and other northern nomadic peoples. Zhao lacked the military might of Wei or the wealth of Qi, and became a pawn in the struggle between them. This struggle came to a head in 354 BC when Wei invaded Zhao, forcing Zhao to seek help from Qi. The resulting Battle of Guiling was a major victory for Qi, reducing the threat to Zhao's southern border.
Zhao remained relatively weak until the military reforms of King Wuling of Zhao (325–299 BC). Zhao soldiers were ordered to dress like their Hu neighbours and to replace war chariots with cavalry archers (胡服骑射; 胡服騎射; húfúqíshè). This reform proved to be a brilliant strategy. With the advanced technology of the Chinese states and tactics of the steppe nomads, Zhao's cavalry became a powerful force. As a result, the newly empowered Zhao were more evenly matched with their greatest threat, Qi.
Zhao demonstrated its increased military prowess by conquering the state of Zhongshan in 295 BC after a protracted war and annexing territory from the neighbouring states of Wei, Yan, and Qin. During this time, Zhao cavalry also occasionally intruded into Qi during campaigns against Chu.
Several brilliant military commanders of the period served Zhao contemporaneously, including Lian Po, Zhao She, and Li Mu. Lian Po was instrumental in defending Zhao against Qin. Zhao She was most active in the east, leading the invasion of Yan. Li Mu defended Zhao against the Xiongnu in the Zhao–Xiongnu War and later against Qin.
Fall of Zhao
Main article: Qin's wars of unification § Conquest of Zhao
By the end of the Warring States period, Zhao was the only state strong enough to oppose the mighty Qin. An alliance with Wei against Qin began in 287 BC, but ended in defeat at Huayang in 273 BC. The struggle then culminated in the bloodiest battle of the entire period, the Battle of Changping in 260 BC. Zhao's forces were utterly defeated by Qin. Although the forces of Wei and Chu saved Handan from a subsequent siege by the victorious Qin, Zhao would never recover from the enormous loss of troops in the battle.
In 229 BC, invasions led by the Qin general Wang Jian were resisted by Li Mu and his subordinate officer Sima Shang (司馬尚) until 228 BC. Li Mu was one of the finest generals of the Warring States period, and although he was unable to defeat Wang Jian (also one of the best generals of the period), Wang Jian was unable to make any headway. The invasion ended in a stalemate. The Qin emperor, Qin Shihuang, realised that he needed to get rid of Li Mu in order to conquer Zhao, and tried to sow discord among the Zhao leadership. The Zhao king Youmiu fell for the plot: on the false advice of disloyal court officials and Qin infiltrators, he ordered Li Mu's execution and relieved Sima Shang of his duties. Li Mu's replacement, Zhao Cong, was promptly defeated by Wang Jian. Qin captured King Youmiu and defeated Zhao in 228 BC. Prince Jia, half-brother of King Qian, was proclaimed King Jia at Dai and led the last Zhao forces against the Qin. This regime lasted until 222 BC, when the Qin army captured him and defeated his forces at Dai.
A rebel named Wu Chen, following the example of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang in Chu, proclaimed himself King of Zhao. Wu was later killed by his subordinate Li Liang (李良). Zhang Er (張耳) and Chen Yu (陳餘), former officials of Zhao, created the Zhao royal Zhao Xie (趙歇) as King of Zhao. In 206 BC, the rebel lord Xiang Yu of Chu defeated the Qin dynasty and made himself and seventeen other lords kings, appointing Zhao Xie the king of Dai. Chen Yu helped Zhao Xie reclaim the land of Zhao from Zhang Er, so Zhao Xie created Chen Yu as Prince of Dai. In 205 BC, Chen Yu's subordinate in Dai, Xia Yue (夏說), was defeated by Liu Bang's generals Han Xin and Zhang Er. Chen Yu was defeated by Han Xin in 204 BC, and later Zhao Xie was killed by Han forces. Liu Bang gave the state of Zhao to Zhang Er.
In 154 BC, an unrelated Zhao, led by Prince of Zhao Liu Sui (劉遂), participated in the unsuccessful Rebellion of the Seven States (Chinese: 七國之亂) against the newly installed second emperor of the Han dynasty.
Culture and society
Massive tombs of the Kings of Zhao near Handan
Before Qin Shi Huang unified China in 221 BC, each region had its own customs and culture, although elite culture was identical throughout. In the Yu Gong (Tribute of Yu) chapter of the Book of Documents – probably written in the 4th century BC – China is described as divided into nine regions, each with its own distinctive peoples and products. The central theme of this section is that these nine regions are unified into one state through the travels of the eponymous sage, Yu the Great, and the sending of each region's unique goods to the capital as tribute. Other texts also discussed these regional differences in culture and physical environment.
One such text was Wuzi (The Book of Master Wu), a military treatise of the Warring States, written in response to a request from Marquis Wu of Wei for advice on how to deal with the other states. Wu Qi, to whom work is attributed, explained that the government and nature of the people are linked to the physical environment and territory in which they live.
Of Zhao, he said:
The two states of Han and Zhao train their troops rigorously but have difficulty in applying their skills to the battlefield.— Wuzi, Master Wu
Han and Zhao are states of the Central Plain. Theirs are a gentle people, weary from war and experienced in arms, but have little regard for their generals. The soldiers' salaries are meager and their officers have no strong commitment to their countries. Although their troops are experienced, they cannot be expected to fight to the death. To defeat them, we must concentrate large numbers of troops in our attacks to present them with certain peril. When they counterattack, we must be prepared to defend our positions vigorously and make them pay dearly. When they retreat, we must pursue and give them no rest. This will grind them down.— Wuzi, Master Wu
List of Zhao rulers
See also: Rulers family tree
Before the partition of Jin
Chengzi of Zhao
Xuanzi of Zhao
Zhuangzi of Zhao
Wenzi of Zhao
Jingzi of Zhao (趙景子)
Jianzi of Zhao (趙簡子)
Xiangzi of Zhao (趙襄子)
Huanzi of Zhao (趙桓子)
After the partition of Jin
Marquess Xian (獻侯), personal name Huan (浣), ruled 424 BC–409 BC
Marquess Lie (烈侯), personal name Ji (籍), son of previous, ruled 409 BC–387 BC, noted for several reforms
Marquess Jing (敬侯), personal name Zhang (章), son of previous, ruled 387 BC–375 BC
Marquess Cheng (成侯), personal name Zhong (種), son of previous, ruled 375 BC–350 BC
Marquess Su (肅侯), personal name Yu (語), son of previous, ruled 350 BC–326 BC
King Wuling (武靈王), personal name Yong (雍), son of previous, ruled 326 BC–Spring 299 BC
King Huiwen (惠文王), personal name He (何), son of previous, ruled Spring 299 BC–266 BC
King Xiaocheng (孝成王), personal name Dan (丹), son of previous, ruled 266 BC–245 BC
King Daoxiang (悼襄王), personal name Yan (偃), son of previous, ruled 245 BC–236 BC
King Youmiu (幽繆王), personal name Qian (遷), son of previous, ruled 236 BC–228 BC
Jia, King of Zhao (代王), personal name Jia (嘉), half-brother of previous, ruled 228 BC–222 BC
Xie, King of Zhao (趙王歇), ruled 209 BC–205 BC. Also known as Zhao Xie. A reinstalled king of Zhao by rioting peasants during the reign of Qin Er Shi. Defeated and killed by Liu Bang.
Zhao in astronomy
There are two opinions about the representing star of Zhao in Chinese astronomy. The opinions are :
Zhao is represented with the star Lambda Herculis in asterism Left Wall, Heavenly Market enclosure, and also represented with two stars 26 Capricorni (趙一 Zhao yī, English: the First Star of Zhao) and 27 Capricorni (趙二 Zhao èr, English: the Second Star of Zhao) in asterism Twelve States, Girl mansion. (see Chinese constellation).
Zhao is represented with the star Lambda Herculis, and also represented with star "m Capricorni".
See also
Zhao Kingdom (Han dynasty)
Han-Zhao
Later Zhao
References
^ Huang Kejian (2016) . From Destiny to Dao: A Survey of Pre-Qin Philosophy in China. Silkroad Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-1-62320-070-1.
^ a b Lewis, Mark Edward (2009). The Early Chinese Empires : Qin and Han. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 11 - 16. ISBN 9780674024779.
^ Chen Huihua (陳輝樺), ed. (23 June 2006). "中國古代的星象系統 (54)： 天市左垣、市樓". Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy 天文教育資訊網 (in Chinese).
^ zh:北方中西星名對照表
^ Richard Hinckley Allen (2021) . "Hercules". Star Names – Their Lore and Meaning.
^ Richard Hinckley Allen (2021) . "Capricornus". Star Names – Their Lore and Meaning.
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It emerged from the tripartite division of Jin, along with Han and Wei, in the 5th century BC. Zhao gained considerable strength from the military reforms initiated during the reign of King Wuling, but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Qin at the Battle of Changping. Its territory included areas in the modern provinces of Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi. It bordered the states of Qin, Wei, and Yan, as well as various nomadic peoples including the Hu and Xiongnu. Its capital was Handan, in modern Hebei province.Zhao was home to the administrative philosopher Shen Dao, Confucian Xun Kuang, and Gonsun Long, who is affiliated to the school of names.[1]","title":"Zhao (state)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Zhao clan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_(surname)"},{"link_name":"Jin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_(Chinese_state)"},{"link_name":"Baidi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beidi"},{"link_name":"state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_states"},{"link_name":"Dai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_(Spring_and_Autumn_Period)"},{"link_name":"divided","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Jin"},{"link_name":"Zhao Xiangzi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_Xiangzi"},{"link_name":"Sima Guang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sima_Guang"},{"link_name":"Eastern Hu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donghu_people"},{"link_name":"Loufan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loufan_County"},{"link_name":"Xiongnu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiongnu"},{"link_name":"Battle of Guiling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Guiling"},{"link_name":"King Wuling of Zhao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Wuling_of_Zhao"},{"link_name":"Hu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donghu_people"},{"link_name":"war chariots","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chariots_in_ancient_China"},{"link_name":"Zhongshan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhongshan_(state)"},{"link_name":"Qi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(state)"},{"link_name":"Chu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_(state)"},{"link_name":"Lian Po","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lian_Po"},{"link_name":"Zhao She","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_She"},{"link_name":"Li Mu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Mu"},{"link_name":"Yan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_(state)"},{"link_name":"Xiongnu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiongnu"},{"link_name":"Zhao–Xiongnu War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao%E2%80%93Xiongnu_War"}],"text":"The Zhao clan within Jin had been accumulating power for centuries, including annexing the Baidi state of Dai in the mid-5th century BC.At the end of the Spring and Autumn period, Jin was divided between three powerful ministers, one of whom was Zhao Xiangzi, patriarch of the Zhao family. In 403 BC, the Zhou king formally recognised the existence of the Zhao state along with two other states, Han and Wei. Some historians, beginning with Sima Guang, take this recognition to mark the beginning of the Warring States Period.At the beginning of the Warring States period, Zhao was one of the weaker states. Despite its extensive territory, its northern border was frequently harassed by the Eastern Hu, Forest Hu, Loufan, Xiongnu, and other northern nomadic peoples. Zhao lacked the military might of Wei or the wealth of Qi, and became a pawn in the struggle between them. This struggle came to a head in 354 BC when Wei invaded Zhao, forcing Zhao to seek help from Qi. The resulting Battle of Guiling was a major victory for Qi, reducing the threat to Zhao's southern border.Zhao remained relatively weak until the military reforms of King Wuling of Zhao (325–299 BC). Zhao soldiers were ordered to dress like their Hu neighbours and to replace war chariots with cavalry archers (胡服骑射; 胡服騎射; húfúqíshè). This reform proved to be a brilliant strategy. With the advanced technology of the Chinese states and tactics of the steppe nomads, Zhao's cavalry became a powerful force. As a result, the newly empowered Zhao were more evenly matched with their greatest threat, Qi.Zhao demonstrated its increased military prowess by conquering the state of Zhongshan in 295 BC after a protracted war and annexing territory from the neighbouring states of Wei, Yan, and Qin. During this time, Zhao cavalry also occasionally intruded into Qi during campaigns against Chu.Several brilliant military commanders of the period served Zhao contemporaneously, including Lian Po, Zhao She, and Li Mu. Lian Po was instrumental in defending Zhao against Qin. Zhao She was most active in the east, leading the invasion of Yan. Li Mu defended Zhao against the Xiongnu in the Zhao–Xiongnu War and later against Qin.","title":"Origins and ascendancy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Qin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_(state)"},{"link_name":"Battle of Changping","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Changping"},{"link_name":"Wang Jian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Jian_(Qin)"},{"link_name":"Li Mu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Mu"},{"link_name":"Qin Shihuang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shihuang"},{"link_name":"Youmiu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Youmiu"},{"link_name":"execution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_(legal)"},{"link_name":"King Jia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Jia_of_Dai"},{"link_name":"Dai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_(Warring_States_period)"},{"link_name":"Wu Chen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chen_(Qin_dynasty)"},{"link_name":"Chen Sheng","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Sheng"},{"link_name":"Wu Guang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Guang"},{"link_name":"Chu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_(state)"},{"link_name":"Li Liang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Li_Liang&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Zhang Er","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Er_(Western_Han)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chen Yu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chen_Yu_(Qin_dynasty)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Zhao Xie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhao_Xie&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Xiang Yu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiang_Yu"},{"link_name":"Qin dynasty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_dynasty"},{"link_name":"kings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteen_Kingdoms"},{"link_name":"Xia Yue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xia_Yue&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Liu Bang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Bang"},{"link_name":"Han Xin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Xin"},{"link_name":"Zhao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_(Han_dynasty_kingdom)"},{"link_name":"Rebellion of the Seven States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebellion_of_the_Seven_States"},{"link_name":"Chinese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters"},{"link_name":"Han dynasty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_dynasty"}],"text":"By the end of the Warring States period, Zhao was the only state strong enough to oppose the mighty Qin. An alliance with Wei against Qin began in 287 BC, but ended in defeat at Huayang in 273 BC. The struggle then culminated in the bloodiest battle of the entire period, the Battle of Changping in 260 BC. Zhao's forces were utterly defeated by Qin. Although the forces of Wei and Chu saved Handan from a subsequent siege by the victorious Qin, Zhao would never recover from the enormous loss of troops in the battle.In 229 BC, invasions led by the Qin general Wang Jian were resisted by Li Mu and his subordinate officer Sima Shang (司馬尚) until 228 BC. Li Mu was one of the finest generals of the Warring States period, and although he was unable to defeat Wang Jian (also one of the best generals of the period), Wang Jian was unable to make any headway. The invasion ended in a stalemate. The Qin emperor, Qin Shihuang, realised that he needed to get rid of Li Mu in order to conquer Zhao, and tried to sow discord among the Zhao leadership. The Zhao king Youmiu fell for the plot: on the false advice of disloyal court officials and Qin infiltrators, he ordered Li Mu's execution and relieved Sima Shang of his duties. Li Mu's replacement, Zhao Cong, was promptly defeated by Wang Jian. Qin captured King Youmiu and defeated Zhao in 228 BC. Prince Jia, half-brother of King Qian, was proclaimed King Jia at Dai and led the last Zhao forces against the Qin. This regime lasted until 222 BC, when the Qin army captured him and defeated his forces at Dai.A rebel named Wu Chen, following the example of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang in Chu, proclaimed himself King of Zhao. Wu was later killed by his subordinate Li Liang (李良). Zhang Er (張耳) and Chen Yu (陳餘), former officials of Zhao, created the Zhao royal Zhao Xie (趙歇) as King of Zhao. In 206 BC, the rebel lord Xiang Yu of Chu defeated the Qin dynasty and made himself and seventeen other lords kings, appointing Zhao Xie the king of Dai. Chen Yu helped Zhao Xie reclaim the land of Zhao from Zhang Er, so Zhao Xie created Chen Yu as Prince of Dai. In 205 BC, Chen Yu's subordinate in Dai, Xia Yue (夏說), was defeated by Liu Bang's generals Han Xin and Zhang Er. Chen Yu was defeated by Han Xin in 204 BC, and later Zhao Xie was killed by Han forces. Liu Bang gave the state of Zhao to Zhang Er.In 154 BC, an unrelated Zhao, led by Prince of Zhao Liu Sui (劉遂), participated in the unsuccessful Rebellion of the Seven States (Chinese: 七國之亂) against the newly installed second emperor of the Han dynasty.","title":"Fall of Zhao"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zhao_Handan_Gucheng_01.jpg"},{"link_name":"Handan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handan"},{"link_name":"Qin Shi Huang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang"},{"link_name":"Yu Gong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_Gong"},{"link_name":"Book of Documents","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Documents"},{"link_name":"Yu the Great","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_the_Great"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"Wuzi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuzi"},{"link_name":"Wei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_(state)"},{"link_name":"Wu Qi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Qi"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"Wuzi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuzi"},{"link_name":"Wuzi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuzi"}],"text":"Massive tombs of the Kings of Zhao near HandanBefore Qin Shi Huang unified China in 221 BC, each region had its own customs and culture, although elite culture was identical throughout. In the Yu Gong (Tribute of Yu) chapter of the Book of Documents – probably written in the 4th century BC – China is described as divided into nine regions, each with its own distinctive peoples and products. The central theme of this section is that these nine regions are unified into one state through the travels of the eponymous sage, Yu the Great, and the sending of each region's unique goods to the capital as tribute. Other texts also discussed these regional differences in culture and physical environment.[2]One such text was Wuzi (The Book of Master Wu), a military treatise of the Warring States, written in response to a request from Marquis Wu of Wei for advice on how to deal with the other states. Wu Qi, to whom work is attributed, explained that the government and nature of the people are linked to the physical environment and territory in which they live.[2]Of Zhao, he said:The two states of Han and Zhao train their troops rigorously but have difficulty in applying their skills to the battlefield.— Wuzi, Master WuHan and Zhao are states of the Central Plain. Theirs are a gentle people, weary from war and experienced in arms, but have little regard for their generals. The soldiers' salaries are meager and their officers have no strong commitment to their countries. Although their troops are experienced, they cannot be expected to fight to the death. To defeat them, we must concentrate large numbers of troops in our attacks to present them with certain peril. When they counterattack, we must be prepared to defend our positions vigorously and make them pay dearly. When they retreat, we must pursue and give them no rest. This will grind them down.— Wuzi, Master Wu","title":"Culture and society"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rulers family tree","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_ancient_Chinese_emperors#Zhao"}],"text":"See also: Rulers family tree","title":"List of Zhao rulers"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chengzi of Zhao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_Cui"},{"link_name":"Xuanzi of Zhao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_Dun_(Spring_and_Autumn)"},{"link_name":"Zhuangzi of Zhao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_Shuo"},{"link_name":"Wenzi of Zhao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_Wu"},{"link_name":"Jingzi of Zhao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jingzi_of_Zhao&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Jianzi of Zhao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jianzi_of_Zhao&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Xiangzi of Zhao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiangzi_of_Zhao"},{"link_name":"Huanzi of Zhao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huanzi_of_Zhao&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"sub_title":"Before the partition of Jin","text":"Chengzi of Zhao\nXuanzi of Zhao\nZhuangzi of Zhao\nWenzi of Zhao\nJingzi of Zhao (趙景子)\nJianzi of Zhao (趙簡子)\nXiangzi of Zhao (趙襄子)\nHuanzi of Zhao (趙桓子)","title":"List of Zhao rulers"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Marquess Xian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquess_Xian_of_Zhao"},{"link_name":"Marquess Lie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquess_Lie_of_Zhao"},{"link_name":"Marquess Jing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquess_Jing_of_Zhao"},{"link_name":"Marquess Cheng","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquess_Cheng_of_Zhao"},{"link_name":"Marquess Su","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquess_Su_of_Zhao"},{"link_name":"King Wuling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Wuling_of_Zhao"},{"link_name":"King Huiwen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Huiwen_of_Zhao"},{"link_name":"King Xiaocheng","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Xiaocheng_of_Zhao"},{"link_name":"King Daoxiang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Daoxiang_of_Zhao"},{"link_name":"King Youmiu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Youmiu"},{"link_name":"Jia, King of Zhao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jia,_King_of_Zhao"},{"link_name":"Xie, King of Zhao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xie,_King_of_Zhao&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Qin Er Shi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Er_Shi"},{"link_name":"Liu Bang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Bang"}],"sub_title":"After the partition of Jin","text":"Marquess Xian (獻侯), personal name Huan (浣), ruled 424 BC–409 BC\nMarquess Lie (烈侯), personal name Ji (籍), son of previous, ruled 409 BC–387 BC, noted for several reforms\nMarquess Jing (敬侯), personal name Zhang (章), son of previous, ruled 387 BC–375 BC\nMarquess Cheng (成侯), personal name Zhong (種), son of previous, ruled 375 BC–350 BC\nMarquess Su (肅侯), personal name Yu (語), son of previous, ruled 350 BC–326 BC\nKing Wuling (武靈王), personal name Yong (雍), son of previous, ruled 326 BC–Spring 299 BC\nKing Huiwen (惠文王), personal name He (何), son of previous, ruled Spring 299 BC–266 BC\nKing Xiaocheng (孝成王), personal name Dan (丹), son of previous, ruled 266 BC–245 BC\nKing Daoxiang (悼襄王), personal name Yan (偃), son of previous, ruled 245 BC–236 BC\nKing Youmiu (幽繆王), personal name Qian (遷), son of previous, ruled 236 BC–228 BC\nJia, King of Zhao (代王), personal name Jia (嘉), half-brother of previous, ruled 228 BC–222 BC\nXie, King of Zhao (趙王歇), ruled 209 BC–205 BC. Also known as Zhao Xie. A reinstalled king of Zhao by rioting peasants during the reign of Qin Er Shi. Defeated and killed by Liu Bang.","title":"List of Zhao rulers"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chinese astronomy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_astronomy"},{"link_name":"Lambda Herculis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_Herculis"},{"link_name":"Heavenly Market enclosure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavenly_Market_enclosure"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"26 Capricorni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=26_Capricorni&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"27 Capricorni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/27_Capricorni"},{"link_name":"Girl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_(Chinese_constellation)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Chinese constellation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_constellation"},{"link_name":"Lambda Herculis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_Herculis"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"There are two opinions about the representing star of Zhao in Chinese astronomy. The opinions are :Zhao is represented with the star Lambda Herculis in asterism Left Wall, Heavenly Market enclosure,[3] and also represented with two stars 26 Capricorni (趙一 Zhao yī, English: the First Star of Zhao) and 27 Capricorni (趙二 Zhao èr, English: the Second Star of Zhao) in asterism Twelve States, Girl mansion.[4] (see Chinese constellation).\nZhao is represented with the star Lambda Herculis,[5] and also represented with star \"m Capricorni\".[6]","title":"Zhao in astronomy"}]
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[{"image_text":"Ruins of the city of Dai, Zhao's last capital","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/%E4%BB%A3%E7%8E%8B%E5%9F%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%AE%8B%E5%A2%99_%E8%A1%8C%E6%91%84%E6%A2%93%E5%9C%B0.jpg/220px-%E4%BB%A3%E7%8E%8B%E5%9F%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%AE%8B%E5%A2%99_%E8%A1%8C%E6%91%84%E6%A2%93%E5%9C%B0.jpg"},{"image_text":"Massive tombs of the Kings of Zhao near Handan","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Zhao_Handan_Gucheng_01.jpg/220px-Zhao_Handan_Gucheng_01.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"Zhao Kingdom (Han dynasty)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_Kingdom_(Han_dynasty)"},{"title":"Han-Zhao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han-Zhao"},{"title":"Later Zhao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Later_Zhao"}]
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[{"reference":"Huang Kejian (2016) [2010]. From Destiny to Dao: A Survey of Pre-Qin Philosophy in China. Silkroad Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-1-62320-070-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=bATIDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA185","url_text":"From Destiny to Dao: A Survey of Pre-Qin Philosophy in China"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62320-070-1","url_text":"978-1-62320-070-1"}]},{"reference":"Lewis, Mark Edward (2009). The Early Chinese Empires : Qin and Han. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 11 - 16. ISBN 9780674024779.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/historyofimperia00broo/page/11","url_text":"The Early Chinese Empires : Qin and Han"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/historyofimperia00broo/page/11","url_text":"11 - 16"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674024779","url_text":"9780674024779"}]},{"reference":"Chen Huihua (陳輝樺), ed. (23 June 2006). \"中國古代的星象系統 (54)： 天市左垣、市樓\". Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy 天文教育資訊網 (in Chinese).","urls":[{"url":"http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0606/ap060623.html","url_text":"\"中國古代的星象系統 (54)： 天市左垣、市樓\""}]},{"reference":"Richard Hinckley Allen (2021) [1963]. \"Hercules\". Star Names – Their Lore and Meaning.","urls":[{"url":"https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Hercules*.html","url_text":"\"Hercules\""}]},{"reference":"Richard Hinckley Allen (2021) [1963]. \"Capricornus\". Star Names – Their Lore and Meaning.","urls":[{"url":"https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Capricornus*.html","url_text":"\"Capricornus\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=bATIDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA185","external_links_name":"From Destiny to Dao: A Survey of Pre-Qin Philosophy in China"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/historyofimperia00broo/page/11","external_links_name":"The Early Chinese Empires : Qin and Han"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/historyofimperia00broo/page/11","external_links_name":"11 - 16"},{"Link":"http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0606/ap060623.html","external_links_name":"\"中國古代的星象系統 (54)： 天市左垣、市樓\""},{"Link":"https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Hercules*.html","external_links_name":"\"Hercules\""},{"Link":"https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Capricornus*.html","external_links_name":"\"Capricornus\""}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_in_Ireland
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1985 in Ireland
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["1 Incumbents","2 Events","3 Arts and literature","4 Sport","4.1 Association football","4.2 Boxing","4.3 Golf","4.4 Rugby Union","5 Births","5.1 Full date unknown","6 Deaths","6.1 Full date unknown","7 See also","8 References"]
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "1985 in Ireland" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
List of events
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1984
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1985 in Ireland
→
1986
1987
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Centuries:
18th
19th
20th
21st
Decades:
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
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See also:1985 in Northern IrelandOther events of 1985List of years in Ireland
Events from the year 1985 in Ireland.
Incumbents
President: Patrick Hillery
Taoiseach: Garret FitzGerald (FG)
Tánaiste: Dick Spring (Lab)
Minister for Finance: Alan Dukes (FG)
Chief Justice:
Tom O'Higgins (until 1 October 1985)
Thomas Finlay (from 10 October 1985)
Dáil: 24th
Seanad: 17th
Events
1 January – Cork celebrated 800 years as a chartered city.
26 February – Former minister Desmond O'Malley was expelled from the Fianna Fáil Party.
28 February – 1985 Newry mortar attack: the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) killed nine Royal Ulster Constabulary officers in a mortar attack at their station in Newry.
4 March – Irish singer Bob Geldof was honoured for his overseas aid efforts at a civic reception in the Mansion House in Dublin.
12 March – The Health (Family Planning) (Amendment) Act allowed the sale of condoms and spermicides to adults without prescriptions.
28 March – Gaisce – The President's Award was created by a trust deed under the patronage of the President of Ireland.
30 March – The Irish rugby team won the Triple Crown and Five Nations Championship at Lansdowne Road stadium in Dublin. They beat England 13–10.
28 April – Dennis Taylor won the Embassy World Snooker Championship in Sheffield.
16 May – The Minister for Education, Gemma Hussey, announced a new £20 million project to create a transition year in post-primary schools.
23 June – Three hundred and twenty nine people were killed when Air India Flight 182 exploded in midair 190 kilometres off the southwest coast of Ireland while flying the Montreal–London–Delhi–Bombay route. A bomb was thought to have been planted by the Khalistan movement.
25 June – Irish police foiled an IRA-sponsored bombing campaign in England which targeted London and English seaside resorts.
13 July – The international Live Aid charity rock concert took place in Wembley Stadium, London. It was organised by Irishman Bob Geldof and Scotsman Midge Ure, and Ireland was the highest per-capita donor country.
22 July – Two women claimed to have seen a statue of the Virgin Mary moving in Ballinspittle, County Cork. The grotto became a pilgrimage site and thousands visited there on 31 July.
25 July – Ireland was struck by a violent thunderstorm, one of the worst in the country's history.
2 September – Spike Island Jail in County Cork was left in ruins following a riot by prisoners.
10 September – The first heart transplant in Ireland was performed.
20 September – President Hillery presented Bob Geldof with a cheque for £7 million as the Irish contribution to the Live Aid appeal.
29 September – The pleasure trawler Taurima, owned by leader of the Fianna Fáil party, Charles Haughey, was wrecked near Mizen Head lighthouse.
11 October – Shop steward Karen Gearon, representing striking workers at Dunnes Stores, addressed the United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid on a Day of Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners.
25 October – The first commercial flight departed from the new Knock Airport.
15 November – Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Margaret Thatcher, signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement at Hillsborough Castle.
27 November – Mary Harney was expelled from the Fianna Fáil parliamentary party due to her support of the Anglo-Irish Agreement.
21 December – Desmond O'Malley founded the Progressive Democrats party.
Arts and literature
18 February – Frank McGuinness's play Observe the Sons of Ulster Marching Towards the Somme opened on the Peacock Stage of the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, winning the Rooney Prize for Irish Literature.
1 June – Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band played their debut Irish concert at Slane Castle in front of 100,000 people, and performed for four hours.
29 June – The first Croke Park concert took place, featuring U2, Squeeze, R.E.M., The Alarm and In Tua Nua.
Maeve Binchy's novel Echoes was published.
Shaun Davey's orchestral suite for voice and uilleann pipes Granuaile was recorded.
Tom Murphy's Conversations on a Homecoming (16 April) and Bailegangaire (5 December) were produced by the Druid Theatre Company in Galway.
Alternative rock group Toasted Heretic was founded by Julian Gough in Galway.
Sport
Association football
Derry City joined the League of Ireland, having been out of senior football since 1972. Monaghan United was also elected to the League this year.
Boxing
8 June – Barry McGuigan won the WBA world featherweight boxing championship.
Golf
The Irish Open was won by Seve Ballesteros (Spain).
Rugby Union
30 March – The Irish rugby team won the Triple Crown and Five Nations Championship at Lansdowne Road stadium. They beat England 13–10.
Births
11 January – Mark Yeates, soccer player.
13 January – Pat Flynn, soccer player.
20 January – Neil Gallagher, soccer player.
31 January – James "Cha" Fitzpatrick, Kilkenny hurler.
6 February – John Tennyson, Kilkenny hurler.
7 February – Michael Lyng, Cavan Gaelic footballer.
20 February – Alan O'Brien, soccer player.
28 February – Michael Fennelly, Kilkenny hurler.
2 April – Barry Corr, soccer player.
10 April – Willo Flood, soccer player.
23 April – Gary Mulligan, soccer player.
29 April – Pamela Myers, artist.
4 May – Laura Whitmore, presenter.
13 May – David Bell, soccer player.
8 June – Barry Murphy, soccer player.
15 June – Nadine Coyle, singer
6 July – Killian Scott, actor
10 July – Conan Byrne, soccer player.
17 July – Eoin Larkin, Kilkenny hurler.
22 July – Ryan Dolan, singer
28 July – Darren Murphy, Irish footballer
9 September – Tadhg Purcell, soccer player.
17 September – Brendan Clarke, soccer player.
20 September – George McMahon, actor.
2 October – Mark Quigley, soccer player.
6 October – Karl Bermingham, soccer player.
5 November – Ian Maher, soccer player.
4 December – Stephen Dawson, soccer player.
4 December – Richie Power, Kilkenny hurler.
9 December – Mark Leech, soccer player.
24 December – Donnacha Cody, Kilkenny hurler.
29 December – Patrick Kavanagh, soccer player.
Full date unknown
Deirdre Delaney, camogie player.
Caoilinn Hughes, novelist.
Deaths
18 January – Wilfrid Brambell, actor (born 1912).
21 February – Dermot Ryan, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin (born 1924).
3 March – Noel Purcell, actor (born 1900).
14 March – Kathleen Lemass, wife of Seán Lemass (born 1898).
May – Tommy Murphy, Laois Gaelic footballer (born 1921).
16 June – Alexis FitzGerald Snr, solicitor, Fine Gael Seanad member (born 1916).
17 June – Bernard Bergin, cricketer (born 1913).
29 September – Timothy McAuliffe, Labour Party politician (born 1909).
11 October – Todd Andrews, Irish revolutionary and public servant (born 1901).
4 November – Liam Grainger, Gaelic footballer (Dohenys, Clonakilty, Carbery, Cork senior team, Munster) (born 1913).
4 December – Frederick Boland, diplomat, first Irish ambassador to Britain and to the United Nations (born 1904).
8 December – Jimmy Rudd, soccer player (born 1919).
11 December – Kathleen Ryan, actress (born 1922).
17 December – Leo Maguire, singer, songwriter and radio broadcaster (born 1903).
Full date unknown
Sigerson Clifford, poet and playwright (born 1913).
Fergus Crawford, soccer player (born 1933).
Alex Stevenson, soccer player (born 1912).
See also
1985 in Irish television
References
^ "Think we have it bad? Have a look at the mega thunderstorm which hit Ireland in 1985". Joe. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
^ Statement by Ms. Karen Gearon, representative of strking workers at Dunnes Stores in Ireland before the meeting of the Special Committee against Apartheid on the Day of Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners Archived 13 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine African National Congress. Retrieved: 2013-12-09.
^ Connolly, S. J., ed. (24 February 2011). The Oxford companion to Irish history (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 15. ISBN 9780199691869.
^ a b "Playography Ireland". Dublin: Irish Theatre Institute. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
^ Gillespie, Elgy (14 June 1985). "Literature prize for Buncrana writer". The Irish Times.
^ "Springsteen draws 100,000 in Ireland". Montreal Gazette. 3 June 1985.
^ Marsh, Dave (2004). Bruce Springsteen – Two Hearts: The Definitive Biography, 1972-2003. New York: Routledge. p. 552. ISBN 0-415-96928X.
^ "Strabane singer Ryan Dolan for Eurovision final". BBC News. 15 May 2013. Archived from the original on 11 June 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
^ "Purcell, Noel | Dictionary of Irish Biography". www.dib.ie. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
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vte1985 in EuropeSovereign states
Albania
Andorra
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
East Germany
Finland
France
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
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Luxembourg
Malta
Monaco
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
San Marino
Soviet Union
Armenian SSR
Azerbaijan SSR
Byelorussian SSR
Estonian SSR
Georgian SSR
Kazakh SSR
Latvian SSR
Lithuanian SSR
Moldavian SSR
Russian SFSR
Ukrainian SSR
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Vatican City
West Germany
Yugoslavia
States with limitedrecognition
Northern Cyprus
Dependencies, coloniesand other territories
Åland
Faroe Islands
Gibraltar
Guernsey
Isle of Man
Jersey
|
[{"links_in_text":[],"text":"List of eventsEvents from the year 1985 in Ireland.","title":"1985 in Ireland"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"President","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Patrick Hillery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Hillery"},{"link_name":"Taoiseach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach"},{"link_name":"Garret FitzGerald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald"},{"link_name":"FG","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael"},{"link_name":"Tánaiste","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste"},{"link_name":"Dick Spring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Spring"},{"link_name":"Lab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)"},{"link_name":"Minister for Finance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_for_Finance_(Ireland)"},{"link_name":"Alan Dukes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Dukes"},{"link_name":"FG","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael"},{"link_name":"Chief Justice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Tom O'Higgins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_O%27Higgins"},{"link_name":"Thomas Finlay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Finlay_(judge)"},{"link_name":"Dáil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann"},{"link_name":"24th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24th_D%C3%A1il"},{"link_name":"Seanad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann"},{"link_name":"17th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Seanad"}],"text":"President: Patrick Hillery\nTaoiseach: Garret FitzGerald (FG)\nTánaiste: Dick Spring (Lab)\nMinister for Finance: Alan Dukes (FG)\nChief Justice:\nTom O'Higgins (until 1 October 1985)\nThomas Finlay (from 10 October 1985)\nDáil: 24th\nSeanad: 17th","title":"Incumbents"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cork","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_(city)"},{"link_name":"Desmond O'Malley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_O%27Malley"},{"link_name":"Fianna Fáil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il"},{"link_name":"1985 Newry mortar attack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_Newry_mortar_attack"},{"link_name":"Provisional Irish Republican Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army"},{"link_name":"Royal Ulster Constabulary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary"},{"link_name":"Newry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newry"},{"link_name":"Bob Geldof","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Geldof"},{"link_name":"Mansion House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansion_House,_Dublin"},{"link_name":"Health (Family Planning) (Amendment) Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.irishstatutebook.ie/1985/en/act/pub/0004/index.html"},{"link_name":"condoms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condom"},{"link_name":"spermicides","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermicide"},{"link_name":"Gaisce – The President's Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaisce_%E2%80%93_The_President%27s_Award"},{"link_name":"trust deed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_instrument"},{"link_name":"President of Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Irish rugby team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_national_rugby_union_team"},{"link_name":"Triple Crown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Crown_(rugby_union)"},{"link_name":"Five Nations Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_Five_Nations_Championship"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_national_rugby_union_team"},{"link_name":"Dennis Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Taylor"},{"link_name":"World Snooker Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_World_Snooker_Championship"},{"link_name":"Gemma Hussey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemma_Hussey"},{"link_name":"Air India Flight 182","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_India_Flight_182"},{"link_name":"Khalistan movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalistan_movement#Militancy"},{"link_name":"Live Aid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_Aid"},{"link_name":"Wembley Stadium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_(1923)"},{"link_name":"Bob Geldof","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Geldof"},{"link_name":"Midge Ure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midge_Ure"},{"link_name":"Virgin Mary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_the_mother_of_Jesus"},{"link_name":"Ballinspittle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballinspittle"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Spike Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_Island,_County_Cork"},{"link_name":"President Hillery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Hillery"},{"link_name":"Charles Haughey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Haughey"},{"link_name":"Mizen Head","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizen_Head"},{"link_name":"Shop steward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_representative"},{"link_name":"striking workers at Dunnes Stores","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnes_Stores_strike"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Knock Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_West_Airport_Knock"},{"link_name":"Garret FitzGerald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald"},{"link_name":"Margaret Thatcher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher"},{"link_name":"Anglo-Irish Agreement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Agreement"},{"link_name":"Hillsborough Castle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillsborough_Castle"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Mary Harney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Harney"},{"link_name":"Fianna Fáil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il"},{"link_name":"Desmond O'Malley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_O%27Malley"},{"link_name":"Progressive Democrats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Democrats"}],"text":"1 January – Cork celebrated 800 years as a chartered city.\n26 February – Former minister Desmond O'Malley was expelled from the Fianna Fáil Party.\n28 February – 1985 Newry mortar attack: the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) killed nine Royal Ulster Constabulary officers in a mortar attack at their station in Newry.\n4 March – Irish singer Bob Geldof was honoured for his overseas aid efforts at a civic reception in the Mansion House in Dublin.\n12 March – The Health (Family Planning) (Amendment) Act allowed the sale of condoms and spermicides to adults without prescriptions.\n28 March – Gaisce – The President's Award was created by a trust deed under the patronage of the President of Ireland.\n30 March – The Irish rugby team won the Triple Crown and Five Nations Championship at Lansdowne Road stadium in Dublin. They beat England 13–10.\n28 April – Dennis Taylor won the Embassy World Snooker Championship in Sheffield.\n16 May – The Minister for Education, Gemma Hussey, announced a new £20 million project to create a transition year in post-primary schools.\n23 June – Three hundred and twenty nine people were killed when Air India Flight 182 exploded in midair 190 kilometres off the southwest coast of Ireland while flying the Montreal–London–Delhi–Bombay route. A bomb was thought to have been planted by the Khalistan movement.\n25 June – Irish police foiled an IRA-sponsored bombing campaign in England which targeted London and English seaside resorts.\n13 July – The international Live Aid charity rock concert took place in Wembley Stadium, London. It was organised by Irishman Bob Geldof and Scotsman Midge Ure, and Ireland was the highest per-capita donor country.\n22 July – Two women claimed to have seen a statue of the Virgin Mary moving in Ballinspittle, County Cork. The grotto became a pilgrimage site and thousands visited there on 31 July.\n25 July – Ireland was struck by a violent thunderstorm, one of the worst in the country's history.[1]\n2 September – Spike Island Jail in County Cork was left in ruins following a riot by prisoners.\n10 September – The first heart transplant in Ireland was performed.\n20 September – President Hillery presented Bob Geldof with a cheque for £7 million as the Irish contribution to the Live Aid appeal.\n29 September – The pleasure trawler Taurima, owned by leader of the Fianna Fáil party, Charles Haughey, was wrecked near Mizen Head lighthouse.\n11 October – Shop steward Karen Gearon, representing striking workers at Dunnes Stores, addressed the United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid on a Day of Solidarity with South African Political Prisoners.[2]\n25 October – The first commercial flight departed from the new Knock Airport.\n15 November – Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Margaret Thatcher, signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement at Hillsborough Castle.[3]\n27 November – Mary Harney was expelled from the Fianna Fáil parliamentary party due to her support of the Anglo-Irish Agreement.\n21 December – Desmond O'Malley founded the Progressive Democrats party.","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Frank McGuinness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_McGuinness"},{"link_name":"Observe the Sons of Ulster Marching Towards the Somme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observe_the_Sons_of_Ulster_Marching_Towards_the_Somme"},{"link_name":"Abbey Theatre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_Theatre"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PI-4"},{"link_name":"Rooney Prize for Irish Literature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooney_Prize_for_Irish_Literature"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Bruce Springsteen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen"},{"link_name":"E Street Band","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_Street_Band"},{"link_name":"Slane Castle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slane_Castle"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Croke Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croke_Park"},{"link_name":"U2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U2"},{"link_name":"Squeeze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squeeze_(band)"},{"link_name":"R.E.M.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.E.M."},{"link_name":"The Alarm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Alarm"},{"link_name":"In Tua Nua","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Tua_Nua"},{"link_name":"Maeve Binchy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maeve_Binchy"},{"link_name":"Shaun Davey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaun_Davey"},{"link_name":"suite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suite_(music)"},{"link_name":"uilleann pipes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uilleann_pipes"},{"link_name":"Granuaile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granuaile_(album)"},{"link_name":"Tom Murphy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Murphy_(playwright)"},{"link_name":"Conversations on a Homecoming","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversations_on_a_Homecoming"},{"link_name":"Bailegangaire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bailegangaire&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Druid Theatre Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druid_Theatre_Company"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PI-4"},{"link_name":"Toasted Heretic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toasted_Heretic"},{"link_name":"Julian Gough","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Gough"},{"link_name":"Galway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galway"}],"text":"18 February – Frank McGuinness's play Observe the Sons of Ulster Marching Towards the Somme opened on the Peacock Stage of the Abbey Theatre in Dublin,[4] winning the Rooney Prize for Irish Literature.[5]\n1 June – Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band played their debut Irish concert at Slane Castle in front of 100,000 people, and performed for four hours.[6][7]\n29 June – The first Croke Park concert took place, featuring U2, Squeeze, R.E.M., The Alarm and In Tua Nua.\nMaeve Binchy's novel Echoes was published.\nShaun Davey's orchestral suite for voice and uilleann pipes Granuaile was recorded.\nTom Murphy's Conversations on a Homecoming (16 April) and Bailegangaire (5 December) were produced by the Druid Theatre Company in Galway.[4]\nAlternative rock group Toasted Heretic was founded by Julian Gough in Galway.","title":"Arts and literature"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Sport"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Derry City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derry_City_F.C."},{"link_name":"League of Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Monaghan United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaghan_United_F.C."}],"sub_title":"Association football","text":"Derry City joined the League of Ireland, having been out of senior football since 1972. Monaghan United was also elected to the League this year.","title":"Sport"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Barry McGuigan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_McGuigan"}],"sub_title":"Boxing","text":"8 June – Barry McGuigan won the WBA world featherweight boxing championship.","title":"Sport"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Irish Open","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Open_(golf)"},{"link_name":"Seve Ballesteros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seve_Ballesteros"}],"sub_title":"Golf","text":"The Irish Open was won by Seve Ballesteros (Spain).","title":"Sport"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Triple Crown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Crown_(rugby_union)"},{"link_name":"Five Nations Championship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_Union_Six_Nations_Championship"},{"link_name":"Lansdowne Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansdowne_Road"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_national_rugby_union_team"}],"sub_title":"Rugby Union","text":"30 March – The Irish rugby team won the Triple Crown and Five Nations Championship at Lansdowne Road stadium. They beat England 13–10.","title":"Sport"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mark Yeates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Yeates"},{"link_name":"Pat Flynn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Flynn_(footballer)"},{"link_name":"Neil Gallagher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gallagher_(Louth_Gaelic_footballer)"},{"link_name":"James \"Cha\" Fitzpatrick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_%22Cha%22_Fitzpatrick"},{"link_name":"Kilkenny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny_GAA"},{"link_name":"John Tennyson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tennyson"},{"link_name":"Kilkenny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny_GAA"},{"link_name":"Michael Lyng","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Lyng"},{"link_name":"Cavan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavan"},{"link_name":"Alan O'Brien","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_O%27Brien"},{"link_name":"Michael Fennelly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fennelly_(hurler)"},{"link_name":"Kilkenny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny_GAA"},{"link_name":"Barry Corr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Corr"},{"link_name":"Willo Flood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willo_Flood"},{"link_name":"Gary Mulligan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Mulligan"},{"link_name":"Pamela Myers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela_Myers"},{"link_name":"Laura Whitmore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Whitmore"},{"link_name":"David Bell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bell_(footballer_born_1985)"},{"link_name":"Barry Murphy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Murphy_(footballer_born_1985)"},{"link_name":"Nadine Coyle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadine_Coyle"},{"link_name":"Killian Scott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killian_Scott"},{"link_name":"Conan Byrne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conan_Byrne"},{"link_name":"Eoin Larkin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoin_Larkin"},{"link_name":"Kilkenny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny_GAA"},{"link_name":"Ryan Dolan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Dolan"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Darren Murphy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darren_Murphy"},{"link_name":"Tadhg Purcell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadhg_Purcell"},{"link_name":"Brendan Clarke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Clarke"},{"link_name":"George McMahon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_McMahon_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Mark Quigley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Quigley"},{"link_name":"Karl Bermingham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Bermingham"},{"link_name":"Ian Maher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Maher"},{"link_name":"Stephen Dawson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Dawson"},{"link_name":"Richie Power","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richie_Power_(hurler,_born_1985)"},{"link_name":"Kilkenny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny_GAA"},{"link_name":"Mark Leech","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Leech"},{"link_name":"Donnacha Cody","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donnacha_Cody"},{"link_name":"Kilkenny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny_GAA"},{"link_name":"Patrick Kavanagh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Kavanagh_(footballer,_born_1985)"}],"text":"11 January – Mark Yeates, soccer player.\n13 January – Pat Flynn, soccer player.\n20 January – Neil Gallagher, soccer player.\n31 January – James \"Cha\" Fitzpatrick, Kilkenny hurler.\n6 February – John Tennyson, Kilkenny hurler.\n7 February – Michael Lyng, Cavan Gaelic footballer.\n20 February – Alan O'Brien, soccer player.\n28 February – Michael Fennelly, Kilkenny hurler.\n2 April – Barry Corr, soccer player.\n10 April – Willo Flood, soccer player.\n23 April – Gary Mulligan, soccer player.\n29 April – Pamela Myers, artist.\n4 May – Laura Whitmore, presenter.\n13 May – David Bell, soccer player.\n8 June – Barry Murphy, soccer player.\n15 June – Nadine Coyle, singer\n6 July – Killian Scott, actor\n10 July – Conan Byrne, soccer player.\n17 July – Eoin Larkin, Kilkenny hurler.\n22 July – Ryan Dolan, singer[8]\n28 July – Darren Murphy, Irish footballer\n9 September – Tadhg Purcell, soccer player.\n17 September – Brendan Clarke, soccer player.\n20 September – George McMahon, actor.\n2 October – Mark Quigley, soccer player.\n6 October – Karl Bermingham, soccer player.\n5 November – Ian Maher, soccer player.\n4 December – Stephen Dawson, soccer player.\n4 December – Richie Power, Kilkenny hurler.\n9 December – Mark Leech, soccer player.\n24 December – Donnacha Cody, Kilkenny hurler.\n29 December – Patrick Kavanagh, soccer player.","title":"Births"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Deirdre Delaney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deirdre_Delaney_(camogie_player)"},{"link_name":"Caoilinn Hughes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caoilinn_Hughes"}],"sub_title":"Full date unknown","text":"Deirdre Delaney, camogie player.\nCaoilinn Hughes, novelist.","title":"Births"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Wilfrid Brambell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid_Brambell"},{"link_name":"Dermot Ryan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermot_Ryan"},{"link_name":"Roman Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic"},{"link_name":"Noel Purcell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noel_Purcell_(actor)"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Kathleen Lemass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_Lemass"},{"link_name":"Seán Lemass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass"},{"link_name":"Tommy Murphy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Murphy_(Gaelic_footballer)"},{"link_name":"Laois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laois_GAA"},{"link_name":"Alexis FitzGerald Snr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_FitzGerald_Snr"},{"link_name":"Fine Gael","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Gael"},{"link_name":"Seanad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seanad"},{"link_name":"Bernard Bergin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Bergin"},{"link_name":"Timothy McAuliffe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_McAuliffe"},{"link_name":"Labour Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)"},{"link_name":"Todd Andrews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Andrews"},{"link_name":"Liam Grainger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liam_Grainger"},{"link_name":"Dohenys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dohenys_GAA"},{"link_name":"Clonakilty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonakilty_GAA"},{"link_name":"Carbery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbery_GAA"},{"link_name":"Cork senior team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_senior_football_team"},{"link_name":"Munster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munster_GAA"},{"link_name":"Frederick Boland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Boland"},{"link_name":"Irish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK"},{"link_name":"United Nations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations"},{"link_name":"Jimmy Rudd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Rudd"},{"link_name":"Kathleen Ryan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_Ryan"},{"link_name":"Leo Maguire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Maguire"}],"text":"18 January – Wilfrid Brambell, actor (born 1912).\n21 February – Dermot Ryan, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin (born 1924).\n3 March – Noel Purcell, actor (born 1900).[9]\n14 March – Kathleen Lemass, wife of Seán Lemass (born 1898).\nMay – Tommy Murphy, Laois Gaelic footballer (born 1921).\n16 June – Alexis FitzGerald Snr, solicitor, Fine Gael Seanad member (born 1916).\n17 June – Bernard Bergin, cricketer (born 1913).\n29 September – Timothy McAuliffe, Labour Party politician (born 1909).\n11 October – Todd Andrews, Irish revolutionary and public servant (born 1901).\n4 November – Liam Grainger, Gaelic footballer (Dohenys, Clonakilty, Carbery, Cork senior team, Munster) (born 1913).\n4 December – Frederick Boland, diplomat, first Irish ambassador to Britain and to the United Nations (born 1904).\n8 December – Jimmy Rudd, soccer player (born 1919).\n11 December – Kathleen Ryan, actress (born 1922).\n17 December – Leo Maguire, singer, songwriter and radio broadcaster (born 1903).","title":"Deaths"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sigerson Clifford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigerson_Clifford"},{"link_name":"Fergus Crawford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergus_Crawford"},{"link_name":"Alex Stevenson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Stevenson"}],"sub_title":"Full date unknown","text":"Sigerson Clifford, poet and playwright (born 1913).\nFergus Crawford, soccer player (born 1933).\nAlex Stevenson, soccer player (born 1912).","title":"Deaths"}]
|
[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Blank_Ireland.svg/80px-Blank_Ireland.svg.png"}]
|
[{"title":"1985 in Irish television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_in_Irish_television"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Think we have it bad? Have a look at the mega thunderstorm which hit Ireland in 1985\". Joe. Retrieved 30 November 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.joe.ie/news/think-bad-look-mega-thunderstorm-hit-ireland-1985-634497","url_text":"\"Think we have it bad? Have a look at the mega thunderstorm which hit Ireland in 1985\""}]},{"reference":"Connolly, S. J., ed. (24 February 2011). The Oxford companion to Irish history (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 15. ISBN 9780199691869.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199691869","url_text":"9780199691869"}]},{"reference":"\"Playography Ireland\". Dublin: Irish Theatre Institute. Retrieved 8 April 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.irishplayography.com/","url_text":"\"Playography Ireland\""}]},{"reference":"Gillespie, Elgy (14 June 1985). \"Literature prize for Buncrana writer\". The Irish Times.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Irish_Times","url_text":"The Irish Times"}]},{"reference":"\"Springsteen draws 100,000 in Ireland\". Montreal Gazette. 3 June 1985.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Marsh, Dave (2004). Bruce Springsteen – Two Hearts: The Definitive Biography, 1972-2003. New York: Routledge. p. 552. ISBN 0-415-96928X.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-96928X","url_text":"0-415-96928X"}]},{"reference":"\"Strabane singer Ryan Dolan for Eurovision final\". BBC News. 15 May 2013. Archived from the original on 11 June 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-22536851","url_text":"\"Strabane singer Ryan Dolan for Eurovision final\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130611053011/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-22536851","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Purcell, Noel | Dictionary of Irish Biography\". www.dib.ie. Retrieved 12 November 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dib.ie/biography/purcell-noel-a7523","url_text":"\"Purcell, Noel | Dictionary of Irish Biography\""}]}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lockwood_(Australian_cricketer)
|
William Lockwood (Australian cricketer)
|
["1 See also","2 References"]
|
Australian cricketer
William LockwoodPersonal informationFull nameWilliam Thomas LockwoodBorn(1868-06-26)26 June 1868Geelong, VictoriaDied29 August 1953(1953-08-29) (aged 85)Tuart Hill, Western Australia, AustraliaRoleBatsmanDomestic team information
YearsTeam1899Western Australia
Career statistics
Competition
FC
Matches
1
Runs scored
21
Batting average
10.50
100s/50s
0/0
Top score
21
Catches/stumpings
0/-Source: CricketArchive, 7 January 2013
William Thomas Lockwood (26 June 1868 – 29 August 1953) was an Australian cricketer who played a single first-class match for Western Australia during the 1898–99 season.
Born in Geelong, Victoria, Lockwood emigrated to Perth, Western Australia, sometime in the late 19th century. In grade cricket matches, he played for the West Perth Cricket Club, where he was a leading batsman. Lockwood's only match at first-class level came against South Australia, during its tour of Western Australia at the end of the 1898–99 season. In the match, played at the WACA Ground in early April 1899, Lockwood opened the batting with Arthur Hoskings in both innings, recording a duck in the first innings and 21 runs in the second innings. In the first innings, he was particularly troubled by the bowling of future Test cricketer Joe Travers, who eventually had him caught at point by Fred Hack. Lockwood's second innings produced a notable incident. He hit a ball from Robert Homburg to square leg and ran five runs, and then completed another two runs from an overthrow. He and Hoskings thus ran seven runs off a single ball, in total combining for a 39-run opening partnership before Lockwood was dismissed by Victor Hugo.
Although not playing at state level again, Lockwood remained involved in cricket well into the early decades of the 1900s, and played in a veterans' match as late as April 1930, which included former teammate Ted Bishop. He died at the Hawthorn Hospital, in Mount Hawthorn (a suburb of Perth), in August 1953.
See also
List of Western Australia first-class cricketers
References
^ William Lockwood – CricketArchive. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
^ First-class matches played by William Lockwood (1) – CricketArchive. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
^ a b Western Australia v South Australia,
Other first-class matches in Australia 1898/99 – CricketArchive. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
^ "INTERCOLONIAL CRICKET: SOUTH AUSTRALIA V. WESTERN AUSTRALIA" – The West Australian. Published 5 April 1899.
^ "SECOND DAY'S PLAY" – The Inquirer & Commercial News. Published 7 April 1899.
^ "VETERANS' ANNUAL CRICKET MATCH AT THE W.A.C.A. GROUND" – The West Australian. Published 3 April 1930.
^ "DEATHS" – The West Australian. Published 31 August 1953.
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"cricketer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket"},{"link_name":"first-class","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-class_cricket"},{"link_name":"Western Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia_cricket_team"},{"link_name":"Geelong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geelong"},{"link_name":"Victoria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)"},{"link_name":"Perth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"grade cricket","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australian_Grade_Cricket"},{"link_name":"batsman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batsman"},{"link_name":"South Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australia_cricket_team"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"WACA Ground","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WACA_Ground"},{"link_name":"Arthur Hoskings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Hoskings"},{"link_name":"duck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_(cricket)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-match-3"},{"link_name":"Test cricketer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_cricket"},{"link_name":"Joe Travers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Travers"},{"link_name":"point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(cricket)"},{"link_name":"Fred Hack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hack"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Robert Homburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Homburg"},{"link_name":"square leg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_leg"},{"link_name":"overthrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overthrow_(cricket)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"partnership","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partnership_(cricket)"},{"link_name":"Victor Hugo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Hugo_(cricketer)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-match-3"},{"link_name":"Ted Bishop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bishop_(cricketer)"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Mount Hawthorn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Hawthorn,_Western_Australia"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"William Thomas Lockwood (26 June 1868 – 29 August 1953) was an Australian cricketer who played a single first-class match for Western Australia during the 1898–99 season.Born in Geelong, Victoria, Lockwood emigrated to Perth, Western Australia, sometime in the late 19th century.[1] In grade cricket matches, he played for the West Perth Cricket Club, where he was a leading batsman. Lockwood's only match at first-class level came against South Australia, during its tour of Western Australia at the end of the 1898–99 season.[2] In the match, played at the WACA Ground in early April 1899, Lockwood opened the batting with Arthur Hoskings in both innings, recording a duck in the first innings and 21 runs in the second innings.[3] In the first innings, he was particularly troubled by the bowling of future Test cricketer Joe Travers, who eventually had him caught at point by Fred Hack.[4] Lockwood's second innings produced a notable incident. He hit a ball from Robert Homburg to square leg and ran five runs, and then completed another two runs from an overthrow. He and Hoskings thus ran seven runs off a single ball,[5] in total combining for a 39-run opening partnership before Lockwood was dismissed by Victor Hugo.[3]Although not playing at state level again, Lockwood remained involved in cricket well into the early decades of the 1900s, and played in a veterans' match as late as April 1930, which included former teammate Ted Bishop.[6] He died at the Hawthorn Hospital, in Mount Hawthorn (a suburb of Perth), in August 1953.[7]","title":"William Lockwood (Australian cricketer)"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"List of Western Australia first-class cricketers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Western_Australia_first-class_cricketers"}]
|
[]
|
[{"Link":"https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/34/34360/34360.html","external_links_name":"CricketArchive"},{"Link":"https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/34/34360/34360.html","external_links_name":"William Lockwood"},{"Link":"https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/34/34360/First-Class_Matches.html","external_links_name":"First-class matches played by William Lockwood (1)"},{"Link":"https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/5/5141.html","external_links_name":"Western Australia v South Australia"},{"Link":"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3223664","external_links_name":"\"INTERCOLONIAL CRICKET: SOUTH AUSTRALIA V. WESTERN AUSTRALIA\""},{"Link":"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article67055939","external_links_name":"\"SECOND DAY'S PLAY\""},{"Link":"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31071604","external_links_name":"\"VETERANS' ANNUAL CRICKET MATCH AT THE W.A.C.A. GROUND\""},{"Link":"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49229589","external_links_name":"\"DEATHS\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Flevarakis
|
Kostas Flevarakis
|
["1 Coaching career","2 Scouting career","3 Awards and accomplishments","4 References","5 External links"]
|
Greek basketball coach
Kostas FlevarakisΚώστας ΦλεβαράκηςKB YlliPositionHead coachPersonal informationBorn (1969-05-24) 24 May 1969 (age 55)Thessaloniki, GreeceNationalityGreekCoaching career1988–presentCareer historyAs coach:1988–1995PAOK (Cadets, Juniors)1995–1998PAOK (assistant)1998–1999PAOK1999–2000PAOK (assistant)2000–2001PAOK2002–2003Panellinios2004–2005Akropol BBK2005–2010Sweden2005–2006Keravnos Strovolou2006-2007Makedonikos2006-2007Polpak Świecie2007-2008PAOK2008-2010AEK Athens2010-2012Ilysiakos2012–2013Phantoms Braunschweig2013-2015Aries Trikala2015AZS Koszalin2017–2018Aries Trikala2018Rethymno Cretan Kings2018–2019Astana2019–2020Kolossos Rodou2020PAOK2021–2022Soproni KC2023–presentKB Ylli
Career highlights and awards
FIBA Asia Champions Cup Bronze Medal (2017)
Cypriot Cup winner (2006)
Greek Cup winner (1999)
Kostas Flevarakis (Greek: Κώστας Φλεβαράκης; born 24 May 1969) is a Greek professional basketball coach, currently serving as head coach for Kosovo team KB Ylli.
Coaching career
After coaching in the junior teams of PAOK from 1988 to 1995, Flevarakis started working as an assistant coach with the Greek Basket League club PAOK in 1995. He became the head coach of PAOK in 1998. With PAOK, he won the Greek Cup in 1999. He became the head coach of the Greek club AEK in 2010.
Flevarakis worked as an assistant coach for the Milwaukee Bucks NBA Summer League team in 2001.
When he took over Soproni KC in the autumn of 2021, the team had a record of 2-7, and were out of the playoffs. Following Flevarakis' appointment, the team went 13 games unbeaten, the longest win streak in the Hungarian first division, and climbed up to second place in the standings. The streak finally ended on February 16, following a 91–71 loss against Kecskemét.
Scouting career
Flevarakis was also a scout for the NBA club the Denver Nuggets.
Awards and accomplishments
Greek Cup Winner: (1999)
Cypriot Cup Winner: (2006)
References
^ Kostas Flevarakis in AEK.
^ Kostas Flevarakis COACHING CAREER.
^ "A Sopron az Alba Fehérvár elleni hihetetlen győzelemmel folytatta veretlenségi sorozatát az NB I-ben".
^ "Férfi kosár NB I: Falco-siker Pakson; kikapott a Sopron - NSO".
^ Kostas Flevarakis SEMINARS.
External links
FIBA Europe Profile
Euroleague.net Profile
Diamond Sports Agency Profile
Eurobasket.com Profile
AEK Profile
|
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|
[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian%E2%80%93Egyptian_War
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Egyptian–Ethiopian War
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["1 Background","2 The Battle of Gundet","3 The Battle of Gura","4 Foreign service","4.1 Europe","4.2 United States","5 Aftermath","6 See also","7 References","8 Further reading"]
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1874–1876 war between the Ethiopian Empire and Khedivate of Egypt
Egyptian–Ethiopian WarDepiction of the Battle of GuraDateDecember 1874 – 9 March 1876 (1 year, 2 months and 3 weeks)LocationMereb Melash, Ethiopian Empire (now Eritrea)Result
Ethiopian victory
Hewett TreatyBelligerents
Egypt
EthiopiaCommanders and leaders
Isma'il I Hassan Ismail Pasha Werner Munzinger † William Wing Loring
Yohannes IV Ras Alula Ras Woldemikael Abuna Atnatewos †Strength
13,000–20,000
50,000–60,000Casualties and losses
8,500 killed1,000 wounded2,300 captured
4,550 killed2,000 wounded
The Egyptian–Ethiopian War was a war between the Ethiopian Empire and the Khedivate of Egypt, an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, from 1874 to 1876. The conflict resulted in an unequivocal Ethiopian victory that guaranteed continued independence of Ethiopia in the years immediately preceding the Scramble for Africa. Conversely, for Egypt the war was a costly failure, severely blunting the regional aspirations of Egypt as an African empire, and laying the foundations for the beginning of the British Empire's 'veiled protectorate' over Egypt less than a decade later.
Background
Whilst nominally a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, Egypt had acted as a virtually independent state since Muhammad Ali's seizure of power in 1805, eventually establishing an empire to its south in Sudan. Multiple times throughout the early 19th century, Ottoman Egypt attempted to assert their control over the region around the modern Ethiopian-Sudanese border, putting them into conflict with the regional rulers of Ethiopia's western Begemder province, such as at Kalnabu, Wadkaltabu, Gallabat, and Dabarki. Muhammad Ali's grandson, Isma'il Pasha, became Khedive in 1863, and sought to expand this burgeoning empire further southwards.
After annexing Darfur in 1875, he turned his attention to Ethiopia. It was Isma'il's intention that Egypt forge a contiguous African empire that would both rival the empires of Europe, and allow Egypt to escape the territorial ambitions of those same European great powers. In addition to expanding into modern-day Chad, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, and Uganda, he wished to absorb within his empire the entirety of the Nile Valley, including Ethiopia, the source of the Blue Nile. Whilst Ethiopia's history mirrored that of Egypt in many respects, with both having ancient, continuous civilizations home to both Muslims and Orthodox Christians, the rapid modernization of Egypt under Muhammad Ali, and Isma'il's own enormous modernizing projects, convinced the Khedive that war with Ethiopia would result in certain Egyptian victory. Amongst Egypt's army were many European and American officers, whose training and experience further strengthened Isma'il's confidence.
Meanwhile, King Yohannes IV became the King of kings of Ethiopia in 1872 after defeating Tekle Giyorgis II in battle. He worked on modernizing his army, some of whom were trained by the British adventurer John Kirkham.
The Battle of Gundet
Main article: Battle of Gundet
The Egyptians under Arakil Bey and Danish Colonel Adolph Arendrup invaded from their coastal possessions in Massawa, in what is now Eritrea. Following some skirmishes, the armies of Yohannes and Isma'il met at Gundet on the morning of 16 November 1875. Not only were the Egyptians vastly outnumbered, they were also taken completely by surprise as they were marching through a narrow mountain pass. The mass of Ethiopian warriors sallied forth from their hiding places up the slope and swiftly charged down upon the shocked Egyptian columns, nullifying the latter's advantage in firepower and causing many of the unenthusiastic fellahin soldiers to rout. This encounter ended in the complete annihilation of the Egyptian expeditionary force led by Colonel Arrendrup and in the death of its commander.
Arendrup's expedition was hopelessly inadequate for the tasks he set out to do. It amounted to scarcely more than some 4,000 troops and had no cavalry. Its leaders were, apart from the already mentioned Danish artilleryman and Major Dennison, an American, Major Durholtz, a Swiss, later of the Papal army, and Major Rushdi Bey, a Turk. Arakal Bey, the young nephew of Nubar Pasha (the Christian Armenian Premier of the Khedive) joined the expedition and was killed in battle.
About 2,000 Egyptians perished with him and his two six gun batteries and six rocket-stands fell into the hands of the enemy.
The Egyptians withdrew to Massawa on the coast and then to Keren, garrisoned since 1872 by some 1,200 Egyptians. But Isma'il Pasha could not leave the matter there, it was absolutely essential to regain the lost prestige. At all costs, his European creditors had to be impressed, and he set out on mobilizing a larger force for a second expedition that would make amends for the devastating and humiliating loss he had suffered at the hands of the Ethiopians at Gundet.
The Battle of Gura
Main article: Battle of Gura
The battlefield of GuraFollowing the botched invasion, the Egyptians again attempted conquest of Ethiopia, this time with an army of about 13,000 men. The forces of Isma'il Pasha, now under Ratib Pasha, arrived at Massawa on 14 December 1875. By March, they had reached the plain of Gura and set up two forts, one in the Plains of Gura and the other at the Khaya Khor mountain pass a few kilometers away. Yohannes had once again mobilized, this time presenting the issue as a struggle between Christianity and Islam, thousands of men answered with soldiers coming as far as Gojjam, although Menelik’s soldiers in Shewa remained as observers. The Ethiopians, now with a force of some 50,000 (of whom only about 15,000 could fight at one time due to battlefield layout), engaged them on the 7 March 1875, and Ratib Pasha ordered just over 5,000 out of 7,500 men stationed at Fort Gura to leave the fort and engage the Ethiopians. This force was quickly surrounded by the Ethiopian advance guard, probably commanded by Ras Alula, and quickly broke. The Ethiopians then fell back, and, on 10 March, mounted a secondary attack on Fort Gura, which was repelled. The Ethiopian force dissolved the next day, and the devastated Egyptians soon withdrew.
Foreign service
Europe
Several European officers served on both sides of the conflict at various capacities; these include a British adventurer John Kirkham on the Ethiopian side, and the Dane Adolph Arendrup as well as Swiss explorer Werner Munzinger on the Egyptian side. Munzinger, former governor of the Keren and Massawa regions, led one of the Egyptian attacks against Ethiopia, marching inland from Tadjoura, but his troops were overwhelmed by the army of Muhammad ibn Hanfadhe, Sultan of Aussa, and he was killed in battle. Meanwhile, Arendrup, who was Isma'il's aide-de-camp was given the task of leading an expedition against the Abyssinians. In mid-November during clashes at Gundet, Arendrup, several other officers and about 1,000 privates died during a 12-hour battle. Only three men escaped alive.
United States
Several ex-Confederate officers and Union officers who had both previously fought in the American Civil War participated in the conflict. The Egyptian Khedive was introduced to the idea of hiring American officers to reorganize his army when he met Thaddeus P. Mott, an ex-Union artillery officer and adventurer, in the sultan’s court in Constantinople in 1868. Mott regaled Ismail with testimonies about the advances the Americans had achieved in technology and tactics during the US Civil War that he convinced the Khedive to hire American veterans to oversee the modernization of Egypt’s armed forces. In 1870, the first of these military overseers, ex-Confederate officers Henry Hopkins Sibley and William Wing Loring, arrived in Egypt. Loring was appointed by the Khedive as Inspector-General of the Egyptian army, and in 1875 was promoted to chief of staff to the commander-in-chief of the Egyptian military expedition in Ethiopia. Loring would take part in the Battle of Gura which ended in defeat. The Egyptians blamed the Americans for the disastrous war, and the Loring, Sibley and the other officers had to endure two years of endless frustration and humiliation in Cairo.
Aftermath
Following the war, Ethiopia and Egypt remained in a state of tension, which largely abated after the 1884 Hewett Treaty.
Ras Alula had shown himself to be a reliable general, and was promoted by Yohannes IV to the rank of Ras, and appointed governor of the Mareb Malash.
The Egyptian defeat in the war had serious ramifications for Egypt. The war's costs added to the nation's massive financial debts, which, in 1879, were the cause of Isma'il's removal as Khedive at the insistence of Britain, and France.
At the same time, many Egyptian soldiers who had served in the war became politicized by their experiences, posing a threat to the Egyptian monarchy itself. Among these disgruntled army officers was Colonel Ahmed Orabi, who is said to have been "incensed at the way in which had been mismanaged". Resentment over the defeat contributed to the general dissatisfaction with Tewfik Pasha, whom the Great Powers selected as Isma'il's successor, provoking the Orabi Revolt against the monarchy. The initial success of the revolt was met with alarm in Europe, and led ultimately to the United Kingdom dispatching its forces to occupy Egypt in support of Tewfik, thereby beginning the United Kingdom's occupation of Egypt.
The result of the war had a defining impact on the trajectories of both African states. Prior to the conflict, Egypt had been in regional and, relative, international ascendancy, with aspirations of achieving geopolitical parity with the Great Powers of Europe. The defeat shattered these aspirations, and, combined with a disastrous economic situation in Egypt itself, contributed to the eventual deposition of Isma'il and subjugation of Egypt by the Great Powers, thereby leading to the very outcome which Isma'il's hopes for a pan-Nile Valley empire were meant to avoid.
Conversely, Ethiopia maintained its independence, and, hardened by war, was well prepared for its own defense during the imminent Scramble for Africa. The collapse of Egypt's African empire was seized upon by European empires, of whom Italy replaced Egypt in Eritrea, setting the stage for an eventual confrontation between Italy and Ethiopia in the First Italo-Ethiopian War 1895. Ethiopia's triumph in that war would in turn contribute to Fascist Italy's desire to conquer Ethiopia in the 1930s.
See also
British Expedition to Abyssinia
First Italo-Ethiopian War
Battle of Adwa
Second Italo-Ethiopian War
Military history of Ethiopia
Battle of Gura
References
^ a b c Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. p. 68.
^ a b c d e f g Jesman, Czeslaw (January 1959). "Egyptian Invasion of Ethiopia". African Affairs. 58 (230). Oxford University Press: 75–81. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a094619. JSTOR 718057.
^ a b William Wing Loring, A Confederate Soldier in Egypt: Late Colonel in U.S. Army, Major-General in the Confederate Service, (Library of Alexandria: Dodd, Mead, 1884). ISBN 9781465534101.
^ Erlikh, Haggai (2002). The Cross and the River: Ethiopia, Egypt, and the Nile. p. 70. ISBN 1555879705. Archived from the original on 2023-04-05. Retrieved 2023-04-05. A recent Egyptian study based on extensive archival work has estimated the total number of Egyptians killed in Gundet and Gura to be 8,500
^ a b Jesman, Czeslaw (1959). "Egyptian Invasion of Ethiopia". African Affairs. 58 (230): 75–81. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a094619. JSTOR 718057.
^ Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts. p. 200. ISBN 9780786474707.
^ Abir, M. "The Origins of the Ethiopian-Egyptian Border Problem in the Nineteenth Century." The Journal of African History 8, no. 3 (1967): p. 443-61, http://www.jstor.org/stable/179830
^ a b "Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia". www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-06-01.
^ "Yohannes IV". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 2021-06-01.
^ a b c "01. The Reign of Emperor Yohannes IV".
^ Gebre Tsadik Degefu (2003). The Nile: Historical, Legal and Developmental Perspectives. Trafford Publishing. p. 47. ISBN 9781412000567.
^ Dye, William McEntyre (1969). Moslem Egypt and Christian Abyssinia: Or, Military Service Under the Khedive, in His Provinces And, Beyond Their Borders, as Experienced by the American Staff. Negro Universities Press. p. 519. ISBN 978-0-8371-2432-2.
^ a b c "Yohannes IV". ethiopianhistory.com.
^ a b "Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia". www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk.
^ Edward Ullendorff, The Ethiopians: An Introduction to Country and People, second edition (London: Oxford University Press, 1965), p. 90. ISBN 0-19-285061-X.
^ Blunt, Secret History, p.101.
^ Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, Secret History of the English Occupation of Egypt (A.A. Knopf, 1922), p.14
Further reading
A Confederate Soldier in Egypt: William Loring (Eyewitness account Egyptian General in the War) A Confederate Soldier in Egypt
Moslem Egypt and Christian Abyssinia: William Dye (Eyewitness account from another General) Moslem Egypt and Christian Abyssinia: Or, Military Service Under the Khedive, in His Provinces And, Beyond Their Borders, as Experienced by the American Staff
'Egypt's Invasion of Ethiopia', African Affairs (1959), Czeslow Jesman
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Multiple times throughout the early 19th century, Ottoman Egypt attempted to assert their control over the region around the modern Ethiopian-Sudanese border, putting them into conflict with the regional rulers of Ethiopia's western Begemder province, such as at Kalnabu, Wadkaltabu, Gallabat, and Dabarki.[7] Muhammad Ali's grandson, Isma'il Pasha, became Khedive in 1863, and sought to expand this burgeoning empire further southwards.[8][9]\nAfter annexing Darfur in 1875, he turned his attention to Ethiopia. It was Isma'il's intention that Egypt forge a contiguous African empire that would both rival the empires of Europe, and allow Egypt to escape the territorial ambitions of those same European great powers. In addition to expanding into modern-day Chad, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, and Uganda, he wished to absorb within his empire the entirety of the Nile Valley, including Ethiopia, the source of the Blue Nile. 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He worked on modernizing his army, some of whom were trained by the British adventurer John Kirkham.","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-2"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-2"},{"link_name":"Isma'il Pasha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isma%27il_Pasha"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-2"}],"text":"The Egyptians under Arakil Bey and Danish Colonel Adolph Arendrup invaded from their coastal possessions in Massawa, in what is now Eritrea. Following some skirmishes, the armies of Yohannes and Isma'il met at Gundet on the morning of 16 November 1875. Not only were the Egyptians vastly outnumbered, they were also taken completely by surprise as they were marching through a narrow mountain pass. 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The forces of Isma'il Pasha, now under Ratib Pasha, arrived at Massawa on 14 December 1875.[13] By March, they had reached the plain of Gura and set up two forts, one in the Plains of Gura and the other at the Khaya Khor mountain pass a few kilometers away. Yohannes had once again mobilized, this time presenting the issue as a struggle between Christianity and Islam, thousands of men answered with soldiers coming as far as Gojjam, although Menelik’s soldiers in Shewa remained as observers. The Ethiopians, now with a force of some 50,000 (of whom only about 15,000 could fight at one time due to battlefield layout), engaged them on the 7 March 1875, and Ratib Pasha ordered just over 5,000 out of 7,500 men stationed at Fort Gura to leave the fort and engage the Ethiopians.[2] This force was quickly surrounded by the Ethiopian advance guard, probably commanded by Ras Alula, and quickly broke. The Ethiopians then fell back, and, on 10 March, mounted a secondary attack on Fort Gura, which was repelled. The Ethiopian force dissolved the next day, and the devastated Egyptians soon withdrew.[8][1]","title":"The Battle of Gura"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Foreign service"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"British","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland"},{"link_name":"John Kirkham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kirkham_(adventurer)"},{"link_name":"Adolph Arendrup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolph_Arendrup"},{"link_name":"Swiss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland"},{"link_name":"Werner Munzinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Munzinger"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto4-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto2-14"},{"link_name":"Keren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keren,_Eritrea"},{"link_name":"Massawa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massawa"},{"link_name":"Tadjoura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadjoura"},{"link_name":"Sultan of Aussa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudaito_dynasty"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ullendorff-15"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto1-10"},{"link_name":"Isma'il's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isma%27il_Pasha_of_Egypt"},{"link_name":"aide-de-camp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide-de-camp"}],"sub_title":"Europe","text":"Several European officers served on both sides of the conflict at various capacities; these include a British adventurer John Kirkham on the Ethiopian side, and the Dane Adolph Arendrup as well as Swiss explorer Werner Munzinger on the Egyptian side.[13][14] Munzinger, former governor of the Keren and Massawa regions, led one of the Egyptian attacks against Ethiopia, marching inland from Tadjoura, but his troops were overwhelmed by the army of Muhammad ibn Hanfadhe, Sultan of Aussa, and he was killed in battle.[15][10] Meanwhile, Arendrup, who was Isma'il's aide-de-camp was given the task of leading an expedition against the Abyssinians. In mid-November during clashes at Gundet, Arendrup, several other officers and about 1,000 privates died during a 12-hour battle. Only three men escaped alive.","title":"Foreign service"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Confederate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America"},{"link_name":"Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)"},{"link_name":"American Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"Khedive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khedive"},{"link_name":"reorganize his army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_advisor"},{"link_name":"Thaddeus P. Mott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaddeus_P._Mott"},{"link_name":"Constantinople","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople"},{"link_name":"US Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"Henry Hopkins Sibley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hopkins_Sibley"},{"link_name":"William Wing Loring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wing_Loring"},{"link_name":"Battle of Gura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Gura"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Loring-3"}],"sub_title":"United States","text":"Several ex-Confederate officers and Union officers who had both previously fought in the American Civil War participated in the conflict. The Egyptian Khedive was introduced to the idea of hiring American officers to reorganize his army when he met Thaddeus P. Mott, an ex-Union artillery officer and adventurer, in the sultan’s court in Constantinople in 1868. Mott regaled Ismail with testimonies about the advances the Americans had achieved in technology and tactics during the US Civil War that he convinced the Khedive to hire American veterans to oversee the modernization of Egypt’s armed forces. In 1870, the first of these military overseers, ex-Confederate officers Henry Hopkins Sibley and William Wing Loring, arrived in Egypt. Loring was appointed by the Khedive as Inspector-General of the Egyptian army, and in 1875 was promoted to chief of staff to the commander-in-chief of the Egyptian military expedition in Ethiopia. Loring would take part in the Battle of Gura which ended in defeat. The Egyptians blamed the Americans for the disastrous war, and the Loring, Sibley and the other officers had to endure two years of endless frustration and humiliation in Cairo.[3]","title":"Foreign service"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hewett Treaty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewett_Treaty"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto4-13"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto1-10"},{"link_name":"Mareb Malash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medri_Bahri"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto2-14"},{"link_name":"Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Third_Republic"},{"link_name":"Ahmed Orabi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Orabi"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Tewfik Pasha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tewfik_Pasha"},{"link_name":"Orabi Revolt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orabi_Revolt"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"First Italo-Ethiopian War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Italo-Ethiopian_War"},{"link_name":"Fascist Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascist_Italy_(1922%E2%80%931943)"}],"text":"Following the war, Ethiopia and Egypt remained in a state of tension, which largely abated after the 1884 Hewett Treaty.[13][10]Ras Alula had shown himself to be a reliable general, and was promoted by Yohannes IV to the rank of Ras, and appointed governor of the Mareb Malash.[14]The Egyptian defeat in the war had serious ramifications for Egypt. The war's costs added to the nation's massive financial debts, which, in 1879, were the cause of Isma'il's removal as Khedive at the insistence of Britain, and France.At the same time, many Egyptian soldiers who had served in the war became politicized by their experiences, posing a threat to the Egyptian monarchy itself. Among these disgruntled army officers was Colonel Ahmed Orabi, who is said to have been \"incensed at the way in which [the war] had been mismanaged\".[16] Resentment over the defeat contributed to the general dissatisfaction with Tewfik Pasha, whom the Great Powers selected as Isma'il's successor, provoking the Orabi Revolt against the monarchy. The initial success of the revolt was met with alarm in Europe, and led ultimately to the United Kingdom dispatching its forces to occupy Egypt in support of Tewfik, thereby beginning the United Kingdom's occupation of Egypt.[17]The result of the war had a defining impact on the trajectories of both African states. Prior to the conflict, Egypt had been in regional and, relative, international ascendancy, with aspirations of achieving geopolitical parity with the Great Powers of Europe. The defeat shattered these aspirations, and, combined with a disastrous economic situation in Egypt itself, contributed to the eventual deposition of Isma'il and subjugation of Egypt by the Great Powers, thereby leading to the very outcome which Isma'il's hopes for a pan-Nile Valley empire were meant to avoid.Conversely, Ethiopia maintained its independence, and, hardened by war, was well prepared for its own defense during the imminent Scramble for Africa. The collapse of Egypt's African empire was seized upon by European empires, of whom Italy replaced Egypt in Eritrea, setting the stage for an eventual confrontation between Italy and Ethiopia in the First Italo-Ethiopian War 1895. Ethiopia's triumph in that war would in turn contribute to Fascist Italy's desire to conquer Ethiopia in the 1930s.","title":"Aftermath"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"A Confederate Soldier in Egypt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=83MgIYUE3xYC"},{"link_name":"Moslem Egypt and Christian Abyssinia: Or, Military Service Under the Khedive, in His Provinces And, Beyond Their Borders, as Experienced by the American Staff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=eik_AQAAIAAJ"},{"link_name":"'Egypt's Invasion of Ethiopia'","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.jstor.org/stable/718057"}],"text":"A Confederate Soldier in Egypt: William Loring (Eyewitness account Egyptian General in the War) A Confederate Soldier in Egypt\nMoslem Egypt and Christian Abyssinia: William Dye (Eyewitness account from another General) Moslem Egypt and Christian Abyssinia: Or, Military Service Under the Khedive, in His Provinces And, Beyond Their Borders, as Experienced by the American Staff\n'Egypt's Invasion of Ethiopia', African Affairs (1959), Czeslow Jesman","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"image_text":"The battlefield of Gura[12]","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/DYE%281880%29_p519_The_Battle_Field_of_Gura.jpg/220px-DYE%281880%29_p519_The_Battle_Field_of_Gura.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"British Expedition to Abyssinia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Expedition_to_Abyssinia"},{"title":"First Italo-Ethiopian War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Italo-Ethiopian_War"},{"title":"Battle of Adwa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Adwa"},{"title":"Second Italo-Ethiopian War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War"},{"title":"Military history of Ethiopia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Ethiopia"},{"title":"Battle of Gura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Gura"}]
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[{"reference":"Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. p. 68.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Jesman, Czeslaw (January 1959). \"Egyptian Invasion of Ethiopia\". African Affairs. 58 (230). Oxford University Press: 75–81. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a094619. JSTOR 718057.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press","url_text":"Oxford University Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.afraf.a094619","url_text":"10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a094619"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/718057","url_text":"718057"}]},{"reference":"Erlikh, Haggai (2002). The Cross and the River: Ethiopia, Egypt, and the Nile. p. 70. ISBN 1555879705. Archived from the original on 2023-04-05. Retrieved 2023-04-05. A recent Egyptian study based on extensive archival work has estimated the total number of Egyptians killed in Gundet and Gura to be 8,500","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=mhCN2qo43jkC&q=Gundet+and+Gura","url_text":"The Cross and the River: Ethiopia, Egypt, and the Nile"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1555879705","url_text":"1555879705"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230405063221/https://books.google.com/books?id=XbVmNAAACAAJ","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Jesman, Czeslaw (1959). \"Egyptian Invasion of Ethiopia\". African Affairs. 58 (230): 75–81. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a094619. JSTOR 718057.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/718057","url_text":"\"Egyptian Invasion of Ethiopia\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.afraf.a094619","url_text":"10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a094619"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/718057","url_text":"718057"}]},{"reference":"Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts. p. 200. ISBN 9780786474707.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=8urEDgAAQBAJ&dq=ethiopian+egyptian+war+killed&pg=PA199","url_text":"Warfare and Armed Conflicts"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786474707","url_text":"9780786474707"}]},{"reference":"\"Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia\". www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-06-01.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk/pages/yohannes.htm","url_text":"\"Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia\""}]},{"reference":"\"Yohannes IV\". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 2021-06-01.","urls":[{"url":"https://ethiopianhistory.com/Yohannes_IV/","url_text":"\"Yohannes IV\""}]},{"reference":"\"01. The Reign of Emperor Yohannes IV\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.linkethiopia.org/article/1-the-reign-of-emperor-yohannes-iv/","url_text":"\"01. The Reign of Emperor Yohannes IV\""}]},{"reference":"Gebre Tsadik Degefu (2003). The Nile: Historical, Legal and Developmental Perspectives. Trafford Publishing. p. 47. ISBN 9781412000567.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafford_Publishing","url_text":"Trafford Publishing"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412000567","url_text":"9781412000567"}]},{"reference":"Dye, William McEntyre (1969). Moslem Egypt and Christian Abyssinia: Or, Military Service Under the Khedive, in His Provinces And, Beyond Their Borders, as Experienced by the American Staff. Negro Universities Press. p. 519. ISBN 978-0-8371-2432-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=eik_AQAAIAAJ","url_text":"Moslem Egypt and Christian Abyssinia: Or, Military Service Under the Khedive, in His Provinces And, Beyond Their Borders, as Experienced by the American Staff"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8371-2432-2","url_text":"978-0-8371-2432-2"}]},{"reference":"\"Yohannes IV\". ethiopianhistory.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://ethiopianhistory.com/Yohannes_IV/","url_text":"\"Yohannes IV\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia\". www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk/pages/yohannes.htm","url_text":"\"Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.afraf.a094619","external_links_name":"10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a094619"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/718057","external_links_name":"718057"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=mhCN2qo43jkC&q=Gundet+and+Gura","external_links_name":"The Cross and the River: Ethiopia, Egypt, and the Nile"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230405063221/https://books.google.com/books?id=XbVmNAAACAAJ","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/718057","external_links_name":"\"Egyptian Invasion of Ethiopia\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.afraf.a094619","external_links_name":"10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a094619"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/718057","external_links_name":"718057"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=8urEDgAAQBAJ&dq=ethiopian+egyptian+war+killed&pg=PA199","external_links_name":"Warfare and Armed Conflicts"},{"Link":"http://www.jstor.org/stable/179830","external_links_name":"http://www.jstor.org/stable/179830"},{"Link":"http://www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk/pages/yohannes.htm","external_links_name":"\"Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia\""},{"Link":"https://ethiopianhistory.com/Yohannes_IV/","external_links_name":"\"Yohannes IV\""},{"Link":"https://www.linkethiopia.org/article/1-the-reign-of-emperor-yohannes-iv/","external_links_name":"\"01. The Reign of Emperor Yohannes IV\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=eik_AQAAIAAJ","external_links_name":"Moslem Egypt and Christian Abyssinia: Or, Military Service Under the Khedive, in His Provinces And, Beyond Their Borders, as Experienced by the American Staff"},{"Link":"https://ethiopianhistory.com/Yohannes_IV/","external_links_name":"\"Yohannes IV\""},{"Link":"http://www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk/pages/yohannes.htm","external_links_name":"\"Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia\""},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/cu31924028725657/page/n121/mode/2up","external_links_name":"p.101"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/cu31924028725657/page/n35/mode/2up","external_links_name":"p.14"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=83MgIYUE3xYC","external_links_name":"A Confederate Soldier in Egypt"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=eik_AQAAIAAJ","external_links_name":"Moslem Egypt and Christian Abyssinia: Or, Military Service Under the Khedive, in His Provinces And, Beyond Their Borders, as Experienced by the American Staff"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/718057","external_links_name":"'Egypt's Invasion of Ethiopia'"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimito
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Kimito
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["1 Events","2 Notable people","3 References","4 External links"]
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Coordinates: 60°09′50″N 22°43′40″E / 60.16389°N 22.72778°E / 60.16389; 22.72778Former municipality of Finland
Kimito kommun - Kemiön kunta
Coat of Arms
Location
Province
Western Finland
Region
Southwest Finland
Sub-region
Åboland
Area- Of which land- Rank
320.17 km2317.88 km2ranked 281st
Population- Density- Change- Rank
3,301 (2004)10.4 inhabitants/km2+ 0.1%ranked 277th
Urbanisation
39.3%
Unemployment
7.2%
Official languages
Swedish, Finnish
Municipal manager
Tom Simola
Home page
http://www.kimito.fi
Kimito (Swedish: ⓘ; Finnish: Kemiö ) is a former municipality of Finland. On January 1, 2009, it was consolidated with Dragsfjärd and Västanfjärd to form the new municipality of Kimitoön. Prior to the consolidation, it was one of the four municipalities located on Kimito island, the other three being Västanfjärd, Dragsfjärd and Halikko.
It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Southwest Finland region. The municipality had a population of 3,301 (2004-12-31) and covered an area of 320.17 km2 (excluding sea) of which 2.29 km2 is inland water. The population density was 10.38 inhabitants per km2.
The municipality was bilingual, with majority being Swedish and minority Finnish speakers.
Events
Kimito Island Music Festival
Baltic Jazz Festival
Norpas Festival
mörkÖ Festival
Notable people
Niklas Hollsten (born 1983), Finnish freeride snowboarder
References
^ "Kimito". Svenska ortnamn i Finland (in Swedish). Institute for the Languages of Finland. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
External links
Media related to Kimito at Wikimedia Commons
Official website – in Swedish and Finnish
vteMunicipalities of Southwest FinlandMunicipalities
Aura
Kaarina
Kimitoön
Koski Tl
Kustavi
Laitila
Lieto
Loimaa
Marttila
Masku
Mynämäki
Naantali
Nousiainen
Oripää
Paimio
Pargas
Pyhäranta
Pöytyä
Raisio
Rusko
Salo
Sauvo
Somero
Taivassalo
Turku
Uusikaupunki
Vehmaa
Former municipalities
Alastaro
Angelniemi
Askainen
Dragsfjärd
Halikko
Hitis
Houtskär
Iniö
Kakskerta
Kalanti
Karinainen
Karjala
Karuna
Kimito
Kiikala
Kisko
Korpo
Kuusisto
Kuusjoki
Lemu
Loimaan kunta
Lokalahti
Maaria
Mellilä
Merimasku
Metsämaa
Mietoinen
Muurla
Naantalin maalaiskunta
Nagu
Paattinen
Pargas landskommun
Perniö
Pertteli
Piikkiö
Pyhämaa
Rymättylä
Särkisalo
Somerniemi
Suomusjärvi
Tarvasjoki
Uskela
Uudenkaupungin maalaiskunta
Vahto
Västanfjärd
Velkua
Yläne
Southwest Finland
Finland
60°09′50″N 22°43′40″E / 60.16389°N 22.72778°E / 60.16389; 22.72778
Authority control databases: National
Germany
This Western Finland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[ˈtɕimito]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/Kimito.ogg/Kimito.ogg.mp3"},{"link_name":"ⓘ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimito.ogg"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Finnish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_language"},{"link_name":"[ˈkemiø]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Finnish"},{"link_name":"former municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_municipalities_of_Finland"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"},{"link_name":"Dragsfjärd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragsfj%C3%A4rd"},{"link_name":"Västanfjärd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4stanfj%C3%A4rd"},{"link_name":"Kimitoön","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimito%C3%B6n"},{"link_name":"Kimito island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimito%C3%B6n_(island)"},{"link_name":"Västanfjärd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4stanfj%C3%A4rd"},{"link_name":"Dragsfjärd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragsfj%C3%A4rd"},{"link_name":"Halikko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halikko"},{"link_name":"province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Finland"},{"link_name":"Western Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Finland"},{"link_name":"Southwest Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Finland"},{"link_name":"region","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_Finland"},{"link_name":"population density","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density"},{"link_name":"bilingual","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilingual"},{"link_name":"Swedish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland-Swedish"},{"link_name":"Finnish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_language"}],"text":"Former municipality of FinlandKimito (Swedish: [ˈtɕimito] ⓘ;[1] Finnish: Kemiö [ˈkemiø]) is a former municipality of Finland. On January 1, 2009, it was consolidated with Dragsfjärd and Västanfjärd to form the new municipality of Kimitoön. Prior to the consolidation, it was one of the four municipalities located on Kimito island, the other three being Västanfjärd, Dragsfjärd and Halikko.It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Southwest Finland region. The municipality had a population of 3,301 (2004-12-31) and covered an area of 320.17 km2 (excluding sea) of which 2.29 km2 is inland water. The population density was 10.38 inhabitants per km2.The municipality was bilingual, with majority being Swedish and minority Finnish speakers.","title":"Kimito"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kimito Island Music Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimito_Island_Music_Festival"}],"text":"Kimito Island Music Festival\nBaltic Jazz Festival\nNorpas Festival\nmörkÖ Festival","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Niklas Hollsten","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niklas_Hollsten"},{"link_name":"freeride","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeriding_(winter_sport)"}],"text":"Niklas Hollsten (born 1983), Finnish freeride snowboarder","title":"Notable people"}]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Doughty
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Richard Doughty
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["1 References","2 External links"]
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English cricketer (1960–2018)
Richard DoughtyPersonal informationFull nameRichard James DoughtyBorn(1960-11-17)17 November 1960Bridlington, East Riding of Yorkshire, EnglandDied6 February 2018(2018-02-06) (aged 57)BattingRight-handedRoleBowlerDomestic team information
YearsTeam1981–1984Gloucestershire1985–1987Surrey
Career statistics
Competition
FC
List A
Matches
41
49
Runs scored
845
399
Batting average
100s/50s
Top score
Balls bowled
Wickets
89
29
Bowling average
5 wickets in innings
10 wickets in match
Best bowling
Catches/stumpings
Source: Cricinfo, 29 July 2013
Richard Doughty (17 November 1960 – 6 February 2018) was an English cricketer. Primarily a bowler, he played for Gloucestershire between 1981 and 1984 and Surrey between 1985 and 1987.
Following a period of severe depression and illness which led him to spend a month in the Sporting Chance Clinic, a specialist rehabilitation clinic set up by former England and Arsenal captain Tony Adams for sports men and women, Doughty re-trained as a counsellor and from 2006 worked with various professional sports associations and organisations to mentor and advise professional athletes with addictive or psychological issues.
Doughty spoke extensively on behalf of the Professional Cricketers' Association (who had helped fund his rehabilitation with the Sporting Chance Clinic) and featured heavily in their Health and Wellbeing programme. Doughty also worked with The Prince's Trust mentoring children experiencing difficulties including bullying.
References
^ "Richard Doughty (1960-2018)". Surrey County Cricket Club. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
^ "Richard Doughty". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
^ "When the end game becomes a matter of life or death". The Times. Retrieved 14 April 2006.
^ "Richard Doughty". The PCA. Retrieved 20 July 2006.
External links
Richard Doughty at ESPNcricinfo
Richard Doughty at CricketArchive (subscription required)
This biographical article related to an English cricket person born in the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyce_Watson_(chemist)
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Joyce Watson (chemist)
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["1 Academic career","2 Recognition","3 Selected works","4 References"]
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New Zealand chemist (1918–2015)
Joyce WatsonWatson at the Cawthron Institute in c. 1949Born5 July 1918Nelson, New ZealandDied28 September 2004(2004-09-28) (aged 86)Nelson, New ZealandNationalityNew ZealandAlma materUniversity of CanterburyAwardsFNZICScientific careerFieldstrace elements in crops, fruit disordersInstitutionsCawthron InstituteThesis
A phase rule investigation of the three component system BaO – (CH3CO)2O – H2O at 25 degrees C., and 35 degrees C (1940)
Joyce Watson FNZIC (5 July 1918 – 28 September 2004) was a New Zealand chemist specialising in fruit disorders and trace elements.
Academic career
Watson was born in Nelson in 1918, the daughter of Helen "Nellie" Knaggs Watson (1883–1956; née Clark) and Francis George Watson (1887–1957). She received her education at Christchurch Girls' High School. After a BSc in 1939, Watson completed an MSc titled A phase rule investigation of the three component system BaO–(CH3CO)2O–H2O at 25°C and 35°C in 1940 at Canterbury College, then part of the University of New Zealand. She then moved to the Cawthron Institute in 1941, where she was employed as an assistant pasture chemist.
Watson's research began with investigating the disorders of fruit caused by trace element deficiencies, and progressed into tomatoes, pasture, hops, flax and tobacco. Watson's work on the fruit disorder bitter pit led to the discovery that the cause is calcium deficiency. Calcium sprays are still used to prevent the disorder.
When takahē were rediscovered in 1948, Watson was tasked by the Wildlife Service with analysing the tussock to assist with captive rearing and to discover whether the application of fertiliser might improve bird health. The work may have led to the application of nitrogen and phosphorus to the tussock.
Watson died on 28 September 2004 at the Omaio Village Rest Home in Nelson.
Recognition
In 1971 Watson was made a Fellow of the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry, an honour bestowed on only three other women by that point.
In 2017, Watson was selected as one of the Royal Society Te Apārangi's 150 women in 150 words.
Selected works
Joyce Watson; Henry Oscar Askew (December 1956). "Molybdenum Deficiency in Hops". Nature. 178 (4545): 1302–1303. doi:10.1038/1781302A0. ISSN 1476-4687. Wikidata Q58932695.
Henry Oscar Askew; E. Chittenden; Joyce Watson; A.J. Waters (December 1958). "Influence of applications of sodium molybdate and ground limestone on a newly sown pasture". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 1 (6): 874–895. doi:10.1080/00288233.1958.10422391. ISSN 0028-8233. Wikidata Q104626663.
H. O. Askew; E. T. Chittenden; R. J. Monk; Joyce Watson (February 1960). "Chemical investigations on bitter pit of apples: II. The effect of supplementary mineral sprays on incidence of pitting and on chemical composition of Cox's orange fruit and leaves". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 3 (1): 141–168. doi:10.1080/00288233.1960.10419868. ISSN 0028-8233. Wikidata Q104626628.
H. O. Askew; E. T. Chittenden; R. J. Monk; Joyce Watson (February 1960). "Chemical investigations on bitter pit of apples: III. Chemical composition of affected and neighbouring healthy tissues". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 3 (1): 169–178. doi:10.1080/00288233.1960.10419869. ISSN 0028-8233. Wikidata Q104626614.
H. O. Askew; R. J. Monk; Joyce Watson (October 1958). "Physical and chemical changes in the developing hop cone". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 1 (5): 757–777. doi:10.1080/00288233.1958.10431582. ISSN 0028-8233. Wikidata Q104626664.
E. T. Chittenden; D. J. Stanton; J. Watson (February 1969). "Bitter pit in Cox's Orange apples". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 12 (1): 240–247. doi:10.1080/00288233.1969.10427092. ISSN 0028-8233. Wikidata Q104626705.
E. T. Chittenden; D. J. Stanton; J. Watson (March 1973). "Calcium sprays for control of bitter pit and other disorders in apples". New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science. 1 (1): 85–91. doi:10.1080/03015521.1973.10427623. ISSN 0114-0671. Wikidata Q104626708.
T. Rigg; Watson, J. (1945). "Phormium tenax manurial and cultural experiments at Westport". New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology. 27: 336–342. ISSN 0375-0140. Wikidata Q104626728.
References
^ "Joyce Watson". Ancestry. Retrieved 2 January 2021.(subscription required)
^ a b c d e f "Valued NZ researcher". The Press. 9 October 2004.
^ Watson, Joyce (1940). A phase rule investigation of the three component system BaO - (CH3CO)2O - H2O at 25 degrees C.,and 35 degrees C (Masters thesis). UC Research Repository, University of Canterbury. doi:10.26021/8936. hdl:10092/7941.
^ a b c "Joyce Watson". Royal Society Te Apārangi. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
^ Cook, Alan (July 2015). "Behind the lab door: an inside look at how the Cawthron Institute survived and prospered, 1970–1992" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
Authority control databases International
VIAF
WorldCat
National
United States
Academics
Scopus
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Calcium sprays are still used to prevent the disorder.[2]When takahē were rediscovered in 1948, Watson was tasked by the Wildlife Service with analysing the tussock to assist with captive rearing and to discover whether the application of fertiliser might improve bird health. The work may have led to the application of nitrogen and phosphorus to the tussock.[5][4]Watson died on 28 September 2004 at the Omaio Village Rest Home in Nelson.[2]","title":"Academic career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"New Zealand Institute of Chemistry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Institute_of_Chemistry"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"Royal Society Te Apārangi's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society_Te_Ap%C4%81rangi"},{"link_name":"150 women in 150 words","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/150_women_in_150_words"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-4"}],"text":"In 1971 Watson was made a Fellow of the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry, an honour bestowed on only three other women by that point.[2]In 2017, Watson was selected as one of the Royal Society Te Apārangi's 150 women in 150 words.[4]","title":"Recognition"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Joyce Watson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Nature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_(journal)"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1038/1781302A0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1038%2F1781302A0"},{"link_name":"ISSN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1476-4687","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687"},{"link_name":"Wikidata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"Q58932695","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58932695"},{"link_name":"Joyce Watson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1080/00288233.1958.10422391","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1080%2F00288233.1958.10422391"},{"link_name":"ISSN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0028-8233","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-8233"},{"link_name":"Wikidata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"Q104626663","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104626663"},{"link_name":"Joyce Watson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1080/00288233.1960.10419868","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1080%2F00288233.1960.10419868"},{"link_name":"ISSN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0028-8233","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-8233"},{"link_name":"Wikidata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"Q104626628","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104626628"},{"link_name":"Joyce Watson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1080/00288233.1960.10419869","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1080%2F00288233.1960.10419869"},{"link_name":"ISSN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0028-8233","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-8233"},{"link_name":"Wikidata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"Q104626614","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104626614"},{"link_name":"Joyce Watson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1080/00288233.1958.10431582","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1080%2F00288233.1958.10431582"},{"link_name":"ISSN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0028-8233","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-8233"},{"link_name":"Wikidata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"Q104626664","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104626664"},{"link_name":"J. 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Watson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1080/03015521.1973.10427623","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1080%2F03015521.1973.10427623"},{"link_name":"ISSN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0114-0671","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/issn/0114-0671"},{"link_name":"Wikidata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"Q104626708","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104626708"},{"link_name":"Watson, J.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"ISSN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0375-0140","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/issn/0375-0140"},{"link_name":"Wikidata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"Q104626728","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104626728"}],"text":"Joyce Watson; Henry Oscar Askew (December 1956). \"Molybdenum Deficiency in Hops\". Nature. 178 (4545): 1302–1303. doi:10.1038/1781302A0. ISSN 1476-4687. Wikidata Q58932695.\nHenry Oscar Askew; E. Chittenden; Joyce Watson; A.J. Waters (December 1958). \"Influence of applications of sodium molybdate and ground limestone on a newly sown pasture\". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 1 (6): 874–895. doi:10.1080/00288233.1958.10422391. ISSN 0028-8233. Wikidata Q104626663.\nH. O. Askew; E. T. Chittenden; R. J. Monk; Joyce Watson (February 1960). \"Chemical investigations on bitter pit of apples: II. The effect of supplementary mineral sprays on incidence of pitting and on chemical composition of Cox's orange fruit and leaves\". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 3 (1): 141–168. doi:10.1080/00288233.1960.10419868. ISSN 0028-8233. Wikidata Q104626628.\nH. O. Askew; E. T. Chittenden; R. J. Monk; Joyce Watson (February 1960). \"Chemical investigations on bitter pit of apples: III. Chemical composition of affected and neighbouring healthy tissues\". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 3 (1): 169–178. doi:10.1080/00288233.1960.10419869. ISSN 0028-8233. Wikidata Q104626614.\nH. O. Askew; R. J. Monk; Joyce Watson (October 1958). \"Physical and chemical changes in the developing hop cone\". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 1 (5): 757–777. doi:10.1080/00288233.1958.10431582. ISSN 0028-8233. Wikidata Q104626664.\nE. T. Chittenden; D. J. Stanton; J. Watson (February 1969). \"Bitter pit in Cox's Orange apples\". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 12 (1): 240–247. doi:10.1080/00288233.1969.10427092. ISSN 0028-8233. Wikidata Q104626705.\nE. T. Chittenden; D. J. Stanton; J. Watson (March 1973). \"Calcium sprays for control of bitter pit and other disorders in apples\". New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science. 1 (1): 85–91. doi:10.1080/03015521.1973.10427623. ISSN 0114-0671. Wikidata Q104626708.\nT. Rigg; Watson, J. (1945). \"Phormium tenax manurial and cultural experiments at Westport\". New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology. 27: 336–342. ISSN 0375-0140. Wikidata Q104626728.","title":"Selected works"}]
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New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 1 (6): 874–895. doi:10.1080/00288233.1958.10422391. ISSN 0028-8233. Wikidata Q104626663.","urls":[{"url_text":"Joyce Watson"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00288233.1958.10422391","url_text":"10.1080/00288233.1958.10422391"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-8233","url_text":"0028-8233"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)","url_text":"Wikidata"},{"url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104626663","url_text":"Q104626663"}]},{"reference":"H. O. Askew; E. T. Chittenden; R. J. Monk; Joyce Watson (February 1960). \"Chemical investigations on bitter pit of apples: II. The effect of supplementary mineral sprays on incidence of pitting and on chemical composition of Cox's orange fruit and leaves\". 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Wikidata Q104626614.","urls":[{"url_text":"Joyce Watson"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00288233.1960.10419869","url_text":"10.1080/00288233.1960.10419869"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-8233","url_text":"0028-8233"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)","url_text":"Wikidata"},{"url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104626614","url_text":"Q104626614"}]},{"reference":"H. O. Askew; R. J. Monk; Joyce Watson (October 1958). \"Physical and chemical changes in the developing hop cone\". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 1 (5): 757–777. doi:10.1080/00288233.1958.10431582. ISSN 0028-8233. Wikidata Q104626664.","urls":[{"url_text":"Joyce Watson"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00288233.1958.10431582","url_text":"10.1080/00288233.1958.10431582"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-8233","url_text":"0028-8233"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)","url_text":"Wikidata"},{"url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104626664","url_text":"Q104626664"}]},{"reference":"E. T. Chittenden; D. J. Stanton; J. Watson (February 1969). \"Bitter pit in Cox's Orange apples\". New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 12 (1): 240–247. doi:10.1080/00288233.1969.10427092. ISSN 0028-8233. Wikidata Q104626705.","urls":[{"url_text":"J. Watson"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00288233.1969.10427092","url_text":"10.1080/00288233.1969.10427092"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-8233","url_text":"0028-8233"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)","url_text":"Wikidata"},{"url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104626705","url_text":"Q104626705"}]},{"reference":"E. T. Chittenden; D. J. Stanton; J. Watson (March 1973). \"Calcium sprays for control of bitter pit and other disorders in apples\". New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science. 1 (1): 85–91. doi:10.1080/03015521.1973.10427623. ISSN 0114-0671. Wikidata Q104626708.","urls":[{"url_text":"J. Watson"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03015521.1973.10427623","url_text":"10.1080/03015521.1973.10427623"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0114-0671","url_text":"0114-0671"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)","url_text":"Wikidata"},{"url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104626708","url_text":"Q104626708"}]},{"reference":"T. Rigg; Watson, J. (1945). \"Phormium tenax manurial and cultural experiments at Westport\". New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology. 27: 336–342. ISSN 0375-0140. Wikidata Q104626728.","urls":[{"url_text":"Watson, J."},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0375-0140","url_text":"0375-0140"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)","url_text":"Wikidata"},{"url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104626728","url_text":"Q104626728"}]},{"reference":"\"Joyce Watson\". Ancestry. Retrieved 2 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ancestry.com.au/family-tree/person/tree/167426588/person/242200667138/facts","url_text":"\"Joyce Watson\""}]},{"reference":"\"Valued NZ researcher\". The Press. 9 October 2004.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Press","url_text":"The Press"}]},{"reference":"Watson, Joyce (1940). A phase rule investigation of the three component system BaO - (CH3CO)2O - H2O at 25 degrees C.,and 35 degrees C (Masters thesis). UC Research Repository, University of Canterbury. doi:10.26021/8936. hdl:10092/7941.","urls":[{"url":"https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/7941","url_text":"A phase rule investigation of the three component system BaO - (CH3CO)2O - H2O at 25 degrees C.,and 35 degrees C"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.26021%2F8936","url_text":"10.26021/8936"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)","url_text":"hdl"},{"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10092%2F7941","url_text":"10092/7941"}]},{"reference":"\"Joyce Watson\". Royal Society Te Apārangi. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.royalsociety.org.nz/150th-anniversary/150-women-in-150-words/1918-1967/joyce-watson/","url_text":"\"Joyce Watson\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210124151501/https://www.royalsociety.org.nz/150th-anniversary/150-women-in-150-words/1918-1967/joyce-watson/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Cook, Alan (July 2015). \"Behind the lab door: an inside look at how the Cawthron Institute survived and prospered, 1970–1992\" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.theprow.org.nz/assets/Cooke-on-Cawthron.pdf","url_text":"\"Behind the lab door: an inside look at how the Cawthron Institute survived and prospered, 1970–1992\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210222025542/http://theprow.org.nz/assets/Cooke-on-Cawthron.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Loch
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St Mary's Loch
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["1 Description","2 Sport","3 Literary references","4 See also","5 References","6 External links"]
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Coordinates: 55°29′40″N 3°11′10″W / 55.49444°N 3.18611°W / 55.49444; -3.18611
Freshwater loch in BordersSt Mary's Loch1845 engraving by William Miller after P. PatonSt Mary's LochLocationBordersCoordinates55°29′40″N 3°11′10″W / 55.49444°N 3.18611°W / 55.49444; -3.18611Typefreshwater lochBasin countriesScotlandMax. length5 kilometres (3.1 mi)Max. width1 kilometre (0.62 mi)
St Mary's Loch near Selkirk from the west bank
Loch of the Lowes from the Bridge to Tibbie Shiels
St Mary's Loch is the largest natural loch in the Scottish Borders, and is situated on the south side of the A708 road between Selkirk and Moffat, about 72 kilometres (45 mi) south of Edinburgh.
Description
It is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) long and 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) wide, and was created by glacial action during the last ice age. The loch is fed by the Megget Water, which flows in from the Megget Reservoir, and is the source of the Yarrow Water, which flows east from the loch to merge with the Ettrick Water above Selkirk.
It connects by a short section of river to the Loch of the Lowes, immediately to the south. Between the two, connected by an old arched bridge, is Tibbie Shiel's Inn, an 18th-century coaching inn, which was frequented by the Border poet James Hogg (1770–1835). The inn is now privately owned.
A statue of James Hogg is located opposite the turning to the former inn.
The loch takes its name from a church dedicated to St Mary which once stood on its northern shore, although only the burial ground is now visible. The loch is around 27 metres deep at its centre. As the loch is sheltered by steep hills on all sides it is often very still, providing excellent reflections in its waters.
The Southern Upland Way and Sir Walter Scott Way long-distance walking routes both pass the shores of the loch. The small settlement of Cappercleuch is located at the north-west corner of the loch.
Sport
St Mary's Loch Sailing Club (StMLSC) is run from premises at the south end of the loch (east of Tibbie Shiels). It is affiliated to the Royal Yachting Association. Brown trout, pike, perch and eels are all found within the loch and its smaller neighbour, Loch of the Lowes. Arctic charr once also populated the loch but exploitation likely led to their disappearance before the mid-18th century.
Literary references
Many of the 71 Noctes Ambrosianae in Blackwood's Magazine refer to Tibbie Shiel's Inn and St Mary's Loch. Tibbie Shiel aka Tibbie Richardson died in 1878 aged 95. Also mentioned in William Wordsworth's poem, "Yarrow Unvisited":
The swan on still St. Mary's LakeFloat double, swan and shadow!
See also
List of places in the Scottish Borders
List of places in Scotland
References
^ "Tibbie Shiels Inn from The Gazetteer for Scotland". Retrieved 30 October 2018.
^ a b Edinburgh and its Environs: Ward Lock Travel Guide 1939
^ "St Mary's Loch Sailing Club website". stmlsc.org.uk. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
^ "St Mary's Angling Club". www.stmarysanglingclub.org.
^ Maitland P. S. (n.d.) The status of Arctic Charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L), in southern Scotland: A cause for concern. Fish Conservation Centre: Stirling.
External links
"St Mary's Loch" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 31.
Authority control databases
VIAF
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[{"title":"List of places in the Scottish Borders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_places_in_the_Scottish_Borders"},{"title":"List of places in Scotland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_places_in_Scotland"}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pee-Wee_(rapper)
|
The Dangerous Crew
|
["1 Discography","1.1 Studio albums","1.2 Rappin' Ron & Ant Diddley Dog","2 References","3 External links"]
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American hip hop group
The Dangerous CrewOriginOakland, California, U.S.GenresHip hopYears active1988 (1988)–1996 (1996)LabelsDangerous MusicJive RecordsPast membersToo Short
Shorty B
Pee-Wee
Ant Banks
Sean G
Goldy
Rappin' Ron (deceased)
Ant Diddley Dog
Spice 1
Father Dom
Dangerous Dame
Rappin' 4-Tay
The Dangerous Crew was an American hip hop band formed by Oakland, California rapper and producer Todd "Too Short" Shaw. The Dangerous Crew consisted of both live musicians and rappers: Stuart "Shorty B" Jordan (bass, guitar, drums), Ramone "Pee-Wee" Gooden (keyboards, drums, guitar), Anthony "Ant" Banks (keyboards, drum programming, mixing), Sean G (live drums), and rappers Too Short, Mhisani "Goldy" Miller, FM Blue, Dangerous Dame, Russell "Rappin' Ron" Royster, Ant Diddley Dog, Robert "Spice 1" Green Jr., Rappin' 4-Tay and Damani "Father Dom" Khaleel. The Dangerous Crew also had an R&B group known as About Face, who appeared on a few of the later releases by Too Short.
Discography
Studio albums
Title
Release
Peak chart positions
US
US R&B
US Heat.
Dangerous Crew
Released: 1988
Label: Dangerous Music
—
—
—
Don't Try This at Home
Released: November 21, 1995
Label: Jive Records
191
23
6
Rappin' Ron & Ant Diddley Dog
Title
Release
Peak chart positions
US R&B
Bad-N-Fluenz
Released: February 21, 1995
Label: Cell Block Records
83
References
^ Arnold, Paul W (February 29, 2012). "Too Short Says There Was An Industry-Wide Plot To Shut Down Conscious Hip Hop". HipHopDX. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
^ Kiser, Chad (March 2007). "dubcnn.com // Pee-Wee (Dangerous Crew) Interview (March 2007) // West Coast News Network //". www.dubcnn.com. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
^ "Dangerous Crew Chart History". Billboard 200. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
^ "Dangerous Crew Chart History". Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
^ "Dangerous Crew Chart History". Heatseekers Albums. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
^ "Rappin' Ron & Ant Diddley Dog Chart History". Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
External links
The Dangerous Crew at AllMusic
The Dangerous Crew at Discogs
vteAnt BanksStudio albums
Sittin' on Somethin' Phat
The Big Badass
Do or Die
Collaborations
Don't Try This at Home (with the Dangerous Crew)
Derty Werk (with T.W.D.Y.)
Lead the Way (with T.W.D.Y.)
Compilations
Big Thangs
Related articles
The Dangerous Crew
vteToo ShortDiscographyAlbums
Don't Stop Rappin'
Players
Raw, Uncut and X-Rated
Born to Mack
Life Is... Too Short
Short Dog's in the House
Shorty the Pimp
Get in Where You Fit In
Cocktails
Gettin' It (Album Number Ten)
Can't Stay Away
You Nasty
Chase the Cat
What's My Favorite Word?
Married to the Game
Blow the Whistle
Get off the Stage
Still Blowin'
No Trespassing
The Pimp Tape
The Vault
EPs
Respect the Pimpin'
Collaboration albums
History: Function Music
History: Mob Music
Snoop Cube 40 $hort
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits, Vol. 1: The Player Years, 1983–1988
Nationwide: Independence Day
Bible of a Pimp
Singles
"The Ghetto"
"Short But Funky"
"I'm a Player"
"Money in the Ghetto"
"Cocktales"
"Gettin' It"
"Call Me"
"Invasion of the Flat Booty Bitches"
"Shake That Monkey"
"Blow the Whistle"
Featured singles
"Rapper's Ball"
"Bia' Bia'"
"Bossy"
"Life of da Party"
"Bitch"
"On My Level"
"First Date"
"Girls"
"Loyal"
"Or Nah"
Related articles
The Dangerous Crew
Authority control databases: Artists
MusicBrainz
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Oakland, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland,_California"},{"link_name":"Too Short","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Too_Short"},{"link_name":"bass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_guitar"},{"link_name":"guitar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar"},{"link_name":"drums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_kit"},{"link_name":"keyboards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_keyboard"},{"link_name":"Ant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant_Banks"},{"link_name":"drum programming","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_machine"},{"link_name":"mixing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_mixing_(recorded_music)"},{"link_name":"Goldy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldy_(rapper)"},{"link_name":"Spice 1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_1"}],"text":"The Dangerous Crew was an American hip hop band formed by Oakland, California rapper and producer Todd \"Too Short\" Shaw. The Dangerous Crew consisted of both live musicians and rappers: Stuart \"Shorty B\" Jordan (bass, guitar, drums), Ramone \"Pee-Wee\" Gooden (keyboards, drums, guitar), Anthony \"Ant\" Banks (keyboards, drum programming, mixing), Sean G (live drums), and rappers Too Short, Mhisani \"Goldy\" Miller, FM Blue, Dangerous Dame, Russell \"Rappin' Ron\" Royster, Ant Diddley Dog, Robert \"Spice 1\" Green Jr., Rappin' 4-Tay and Damani \"Father Dom\" Khaleel. The Dangerous Crew also had an R&B group known as About Face, who appeared on a few of the later releases by Too Short.","title":"The Dangerous Crew"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Studio albums","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Rappin' Ron & Ant Diddley Dog","title":"Discography"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Arnold, Paul W (February 29, 2012). \"Too Short Says There Was An Industry-Wide Plot To Shut Down Conscious Hip Hop\". HipHopDX. Retrieved December 13, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.18861/title.too-short-says-there-was-an-industry-wide-plot-to-shut-down-conscious-hip-hop","url_text":"\"Too Short Says There Was An Industry-Wide Plot To Shut Down Conscious Hip Hop\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HipHopDX","url_text":"HipHopDX"}]},{"reference":"Kiser, Chad (March 2007). \"dubcnn.com // Pee-Wee (Dangerous Crew) Interview (March 2007) // West Coast News Network //\". www.dubcnn.com. Retrieved December 13, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.dubcnn.com/interviews/peewee/","url_text":"\"dubcnn.com // Pee-Wee (Dangerous Crew) Interview (March 2007) // West Coast News Network //\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dangerous Crew Chart History\". Billboard 200. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181217175444/https://www.billboard.com/music/dangerous-crew/chart-history/billboard-200","url_text":"\"Dangerous Crew Chart History\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_200","url_text":"Billboard 200"},{"url":"https://www.billboard.com/music/dangerous-crew/chart-history/billboard-200","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Dangerous Crew Chart History\". Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181217225254/https://www.billboard.com/music/dangerous-crew/chart-history/r-b-hip-hop-albums","url_text":"\"Dangerous Crew Chart History\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Albums","url_text":"Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums"},{"url":"https://www.billboard.com/music/dangerous-crew/chart-history/r-b-hip-hop-albums","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Dangerous Crew Chart History\". Heatseekers Albums. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181217191044/https://www.billboard.com/music/dangerous-crew/chart-history/heatseekers-albums","url_text":"\"Dangerous Crew Chart History\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heatseekers_Albums","url_text":"Heatseekers Albums"},{"url":"https://www.billboard.com/music/dangerous-crew/chart-history/heatseekers-albums","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Rappin' Ron & Ant Diddley Dog Chart History\". Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181217132534/https://www.billboard.com/music/rappin-ron-ant-diddley-dog/chart-history/r-b-hip-hop-albums","url_text":"\"Rappin' Ron & Ant Diddley Dog Chart History\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Albums","url_text":"Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums"},{"url":"https://www.billboard.com/music/rappin-ron-ant-diddley-dog/chart-history/r-b-hip-hop-albums","url_text":"the original"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.18861/title.too-short-says-there-was-an-industry-wide-plot-to-shut-down-conscious-hip-hop","external_links_name":"\"Too Short Says There Was An Industry-Wide Plot To Shut Down Conscious Hip Hop\""},{"Link":"http://www.dubcnn.com/interviews/peewee/","external_links_name":"\"dubcnn.com // Pee-Wee (Dangerous Crew) Interview (March 2007) // West Coast News Network //\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181217175444/https://www.billboard.com/music/dangerous-crew/chart-history/billboard-200","external_links_name":"\"Dangerous Crew Chart History\""},{"Link":"https://www.billboard.com/music/dangerous-crew/chart-history/billboard-200","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181217225254/https://www.billboard.com/music/dangerous-crew/chart-history/r-b-hip-hop-albums","external_links_name":"\"Dangerous Crew Chart History\""},{"Link":"https://www.billboard.com/music/dangerous-crew/chart-history/r-b-hip-hop-albums","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181217191044/https://www.billboard.com/music/dangerous-crew/chart-history/heatseekers-albums","external_links_name":"\"Dangerous Crew Chart History\""},{"Link":"https://www.billboard.com/music/dangerous-crew/chart-history/heatseekers-albums","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181217132534/https://www.billboard.com/music/rappin-ron-ant-diddley-dog/chart-history/r-b-hip-hop-albums","external_links_name":"\"Rappin' Ron & Ant Diddley Dog Chart History\""},{"Link":"https://www.billboard.com/music/rappin-ron-ant-diddley-dog/chart-history/r-b-hip-hop-albums","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000786018","external_links_name":"The Dangerous Crew"},{"Link":"http://www.discogs.com/artist/197231-The-Dangerous-Crew","external_links_name":"The Dangerous Crew"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ce4222ce-01c2-4ee2-8b0b-17d7eb7c1558","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Fetters
|
Rob Fetters
|
["1 Early life","2 Career","3 Instruments","4 Discography","4.1 Solo discography","4.2 psychodots","4.3 The Bears","4.4 The Raisins","4.5 As the sole producer","5 References","6 External links"]
|
Rob FettersBornToledo, Ohio, United StatesOccupation(s)Musician, guitarist, vocalistInstrument(s)GuitarYears active1971–presentWebsitehttps://robfetters.net/Musical artist
Rob Fetters is an American musician, songwriter, and commercial music composer. He has performed as a guitarist and singer for power pop bands The Raisins, The Bears, psychodots, and has also released solo albums.
Early life
Fetters was born on September 28, 1954, in Toledo, Ohio, and grew up in neighboring Sylvania. Fetters met fellow artists Chris Arduser and Bob Nyswonger while attending Sylvania High School. Fetters, Arduser and Nyswonger have been playing together off and on since 1971.
Career
Fetters, Arduser, Nyswonger, and Adrian Belew formed The Bears in 1985 and began touring and recording until 1988. The trio "psychodots" recorded and performed starting in 1990, sometimes as Belew's tour support or backing band members.
The Bears regrouped in 2000 and continued performing until 2007. The psychodots continue to perform in the Cincinnati area.
Fetters has released five solo albums. His commercial scoring and commissioned work has included clients such as ABC, Disney, Nickelodeon, and PBS, as well as Microsoft, Crest and Kellogg’s.
As of the late 2010s, Fetters still performed occasionally with psychodots, most notably for the group's annual Thanksgiving concerts held in or near his hometown of Cincinnati, Ohio. Drummer Chris Arduser of psychodots passed away in 2023.
Instruments
Fetters’ guitars include Fender Stratocasters, a Taylor 612-CE Acoustic, a 1974 Les Paul Custom, a 1967 Martin 00-18, a 1965 Rickenbacker 625, and a 2012 “partscaster” created by David Schneider. His amplifiers include a Vox AC-15 and Wavelength Audio Rob Fetters Signature designed by Gordon Rankin.
Discography
Solo discography
Lefty Loose Righty Tight (CD) – Baby Ranch Records (1998)
Musician (CD) – Baby Ranch Records (2005)
Saint Ain’t (CD) – Baby Ranch Records (2014)
Ship Shake (CD) – Baby Ranch Records (2020)
Mother (CD) – Baby Ranch Records (2023)
psychodots
Psychodots (CD) Strugglebaby Recording Company (1991)
On The Grid (CD) – Strugglebaby Recording Company (1993)
Awkwardsville (CD) – Strugglebaby Recording Company (1995)
Official Bootleg (CD) – Strugglebaby Recording Company (1998)
Terminal Blvd (CD) – Baby Ranch Records (2005)
The Bears
The Bears (LP) – Primitive Man Recording Company (1987)
Rise and Shine (LP) – Primitive Man Recording Company (1988)
Car Caught Fire (CD) – The Bears Music (2001)
Live (CD) – The Bears Music (2002)
Live at Club Café (DVD) – Merging Media (2004)
Eureka! (CD) – The Bears Music (2007)
The Raisins
Quarters / Tour Guide (Vinyl 45rpm) Raisin Records (1981)
The Raisins (LP) Strugglebaby Recording Company 1983 (CD 1993)
Sucker Punch / Interspecies Love (Vinyl 45 RPM) Strugglebaby Recording Company 1983
Valentine / Hoy Hoy Hoy (Vinyl 45rpm) Raisin Records (1984)
Everything and More (Cassette) 1985 Baby Ranch Recording Company (CD) 2000
As the sole producer
Purple Kisses by 33 People (1995)
Dinosaur Love by Lucky Spaulding (2001)
Okodoro Oro by Baoku Moses (2004)
Two Hearted by Dawg Yawp (2015)
References
^ "So much to like about Rob Fetters' 'Saint Ain't'". Toledo Blade. December 26, 2013. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
^ "Interview by Karl Cable". 2002. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
^ "Three-minute masterpiece". Dayton City Paper. November 18, 2014. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
^ "Psychodots thankful for annual reunion". USA Today. November 26, 2015. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
^ a b "Rob Fetters on the Transformative Power of Six Strings". Guitar Player. July 3, 2014. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
^ "The Psychodots host annual holiday show".
External links
Official site
Authority control databases: Artists
MusicBrainz
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"guitarist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitarist"},{"link_name":"power pop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_pop"},{"link_name":"The Bears","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bears_(band)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Musical artistRob Fetters is an American musician, songwriter, and commercial music composer. He has performed as a guitarist and singer for power pop bands The Raisins, The Bears, psychodots, and has also released solo albums.[1]","title":"Rob Fetters"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Toledo, Ohio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"Sylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvania,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Chris Arduser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chris_Arduser&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Bob Nyswonger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Nyswonger&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Fetters was born on September 28, 1954, in Toledo, Ohio, and grew up in neighboring Sylvania.[2] Fetters met fellow artists Chris Arduser and Bob Nyswonger while attending Sylvania High School. Fetters, Arduser and Nyswonger have been playing together off and on since 1971.[3]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Adrian Belew","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Belew"},{"link_name":"The Bears","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bears_(band)"},{"link_name":"Cincinnati","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"ABC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company"},{"link_name":"Disney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company"},{"link_name":"Nickelodeon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickelodeon"},{"link_name":"PBS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS"},{"link_name":"Microsoft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft"},{"link_name":"Kellogg’s","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellogg%E2%80%99s"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Guitar_Player-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Fetters, Arduser, Nyswonger, and Adrian Belew formed The Bears in 1985 and began touring and recording until 1988. The trio \"psychodots\" recorded and performed starting in 1990, sometimes as Belew's tour support or backing band members.The Bears regrouped in 2000 and continued performing until 2007. The psychodots continue to perform in the Cincinnati area.[4]Fetters has released five solo albums. His commercial scoring and commissioned work has included clients such as ABC, Disney, Nickelodeon, and PBS, as well as Microsoft, Crest and Kellogg’s.[5]As of the late 2010s, Fetters still performed occasionally with psychodots, most notably for the group's annual Thanksgiving concerts held in or near his hometown of Cincinnati, Ohio. Drummer Chris Arduser of psychodots passed away in 2023.[6]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Gordon Rankin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Rankin&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Guitar_Player-5"}],"text":"Fetters’ guitars include Fender Stratocasters, a Taylor 612-CE Acoustic, a 1974 Les Paul Custom, a 1967 Martin 00-18, a 1965 Rickenbacker 625, and a 2012 “partscaster” created by David Schneider. His amplifiers include a Vox AC-15 and Wavelength Audio Rob Fetters Signature designed by Gordon Rankin.[5]","title":"Instruments"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Solo discography","text":"Lefty Loose Righty Tight (CD) – Baby Ranch Records (1998)\nMusician (CD) – Baby Ranch Records (2005)\nSaint Ain’t (CD) – Baby Ranch Records (2014)\nShip Shake (CD) – Baby Ranch Records (2020)\nMother (CD) – Baby Ranch Records (2023)","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"psychodots","text":"Psychodots (CD) Strugglebaby Recording Company (1991)\nOn The Grid (CD) – Strugglebaby Recording Company (1993)\nAwkwardsville (CD) – Strugglebaby Recording Company (1995)\nOfficial Bootleg (CD) – Strugglebaby Recording Company (1998)\nTerminal Blvd (CD) – Baby Ranch Records (2005)","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Bears","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bears_(album)"},{"link_name":"Rise and Shine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_and_Shine_(The_Bears_album)"}],"sub_title":"The Bears","text":"The Bears (LP) – Primitive Man Recording Company (1987)\nRise and Shine (LP) – Primitive Man Recording Company (1988)\nCar Caught Fire (CD) – The Bears Music (2001)\nLive (CD) – The Bears Music (2002)\nLive at Club Café (DVD) – Merging Media (2004)\nEureka! (CD) – The Bears Music (2007)","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"The Raisins","text":"Quarters / Tour Guide (Vinyl 45rpm) Raisin Records (1981)\nThe Raisins (LP) Strugglebaby Recording Company 1983 (CD 1993)\nSucker Punch / Interspecies Love (Vinyl 45 RPM) Strugglebaby Recording Company 1983\nValentine / Hoy Hoy Hoy (Vinyl 45rpm) Raisin Records (1984)\nEverything and More (Cassette) 1985 Baby Ranch Recording Company (CD) 2000","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dawg Yawp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawg_Yawp"}],"sub_title":"As the sole producer","text":"Purple Kisses by 33 People (1995)\nDinosaur Love by Lucky Spaulding (2001)\nOkodoro Oro by Baoku Moses (2004)\nTwo Hearted by Dawg Yawp (2015)","title":"Discography"}]
|
[]
| null |
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|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wausau_Timberjacks
|
Wausau Lumberjacks
|
["1 The Ballpark","2 Notable players","3 Notable alumni","4 References","5 External links"]
|
Minor league baseball teamWausau Lumberjacks1905–1957(1905-1914, 1936-1942, 1946-1953, 1956-1957) Wausau, Wisconsin Minor league affiliationsPrevious classes
Class C (1956-1957)
Class D (1946-1953)
Class C (1941-1942)
Class D (1936-1940)
Class C (1911-1914)
Class D (1905-1910)
Previous leagues
Northern League (1956-1957)
Wisconsin State League (1946-1953)
Northern League (1936-1942)
Wisconsin-Illinois League (1912-1914)
Minnesota-Wisconsin League (1909-1911)
Wisconsin-Illinois League (1908)
Wisconsin State League (1905-1907)
Major league affiliationsPrevious teams
Cincinnati Reds (1956-1957)
Detroit Tigers (1951-1953)
St. Louis Browns (1947-1949)
Cleveland Indians (1942)
Philadelphia Phillies (1940-1941)
Cleveland Indians (1936-1937)
Team dataPrevious names
Wausau Lumberjacks (1956-1957)
Wausau Timberjacks (1950-1953)
Wausau Lumberjacks (1946-1949)
Wausau Timberjacks (1936-1942)
Wausau Lumberjacks (1905-1914)
Previous parksAthletic Park
Vada Pinson, 1972
The Wausau Lumberjacks (occasionally known as the Timberjacks) were a minor league baseball team based in Wausau, Wisconsin that existed on-and-off from 1905 to 1957. The Wausau franchise then became the Wausau Timbers before relocating to become today's Kane County Cougars. The Lumberjacks played in the Wisconsin State League (1905–1907, 1946–1949), Wisconsin–Illinois League (1908, 1912–1914), Minnesota–Wisconsin League (1909–1911) and Northern League (1936–1939, 1956–1957).
The team was affiliated with the Cleveland Indians (1936–1937), Milwaukee Brewers (1938), St. Louis Browns (1947–1949) and Cincinnati Redlegs (1956–1957). The team played its home games at Athletic Park from 1936 to 1957.
The Ballpark
The Lumberjacks played at Athletic Park, located at 324 E. Wausau Ave. Wausau, Wisconsin
Originally built in 1936, Athletic Park was also home to the Timbers of the Class-A Midwest League (1975-1990) and the Wausau Timberjacks (1950–1953). The park hosted the Lumberjacks in three separate incarnations (1936-1942, 1946–1949, 1956–57).
Currently, since 1994, Athletic Field has hosted the Wisconsin Woodchucks of the summer collegiate Northwoods League}.
Notable players
Ray Boone played for the Lumberjacks in 1942. Boone enjoyed a 13-year big league career (1943–1960). Ray was the patriarch of the Boone family, followed by son, Bob Boone and grandsons Brett Boone and Aaron Boone. The Boone family was the first to send three generations to the All-Star Game. Ray led the AL in RBIs in 1955. He was a 2x All-Star and World Series Champion with the Detroit Tigers. Boone had career stats of: .275, 151 HR, 737 RBI.
Vada Pinson played for the Lumberjacks in 1956. Pinson enjoyed an 18-year big league career (1958–1975). Pinson combined power, speed and was Gold Glove Award winning center fielder. His best years were with the Cincinnati Reds (1958–1968). Vada twice led the National League in hits (1961, 1963). He batted .343 in 1961, when the Reds won the pennant. He was a National League All-Star 4x. Pinson had career stats of: .286, 256 HR, 1,170 RBI. He had 2,757 hits in his stellar career.
Notable alumni
Phil Masi (1937) 3 x MLB All-Star;
Dickie Kerr (1927) MLB: 20 game winner
Wally Gilbert (1939–40, 1941–42)
Ray Boone (1942) 2 x MLB All-Star; 1955 NL RBI Leader
Fred Schulte (1946, MGR)
Ryne Duren (1949) 3 x MLB All-Star; 1958 AL Saves Leader
Mike Tresh (1952) MLB All-Star
Bob Bruce (1953)
Vada Pinson (1956) 2 x MLB All-Star; 2,757 MLB hits
Jack Baldschun (1957)
Dave Bristol (1957) MLB Manager
Cookie Rojas (1957) 5 x MLB-All Star
References
^ BR Minors page
^ "Ballpark - Wisconsin Woodchucks : Wisconsin Woodchucks". Northwoodsleague.com. Retrieved 2016-03-30.
^ Brian Gardner / gardnerphotos.com (2014-08-01). "Athletic Park, Home of the Wisconsin Woodchucks #2". Mn Artists. Retrieved 2016-03-30.
^ "Wisconsin Woodchucks - Get Ready for the Show! : Wisconsin Woodchucks". Northwoodsleague.com. Retrieved 2016-03-30.
External links
Baseball Reference
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vada_Pinson_1972.jpeg"},{"link_name":"Wausau, Wisconsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wausau,_Wisconsin"},{"link_name":"Wausau Timbers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wausau_Timbers"},{"link_name":"Kane County Cougars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kane_County_Cougars"},{"link_name":"Wisconsin State League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin_State_League"},{"link_name":"Wisconsin–Illinois League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin%E2%80%93Illinois_League"},{"link_name":"Minnesota–Wisconsin League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota%E2%80%93Wisconsin_League"},{"link_name":"Northern League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_League_(baseball,_1902%E2%80%9371)"},{"link_name":"Cleveland Indians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Indians"},{"link_name":"Milwaukee Brewers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers_(American_Association)"},{"link_name":"St. Louis Browns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis_Browns"},{"link_name":"Cincinnati Redlegs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_Redlegs"},{"link_name":"Athletic Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletic_Park_(Wausau)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Vada Pinson, 1972The Wausau Lumberjacks (occasionally known as the Timberjacks) were a minor league baseball team based in Wausau, Wisconsin that existed on-and-off from 1905 to 1957. The Wausau franchise then became the Wausau Timbers before relocating to become today's Kane County Cougars. The Lumberjacks played in the Wisconsin State League (1905–1907, 1946–1949), Wisconsin–Illinois League (1908, 1912–1914), Minnesota–Wisconsin League (1909–1911) and Northern League (1936–1939, 1956–1957).The team was affiliated with the Cleveland Indians (1936–1937), Milwaukee Brewers (1938), St. Louis Browns (1947–1949) and Cincinnati Redlegs (1956–1957). The team played its home games at Athletic Park from 1936 to 1957.[1]","title":"Wausau Lumberjacks"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Athletic Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletic_Park_(Wausau)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"1936","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_in_sports"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Timbers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kane_County_Cougars"},{"link_name":"Midwest League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwest_League"},{"link_name":"Wausau Timberjacks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wausau_Timberjacks"},{"link_name":"Wisconsin Woodchucks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin_Woodchucks"},{"link_name":"Northwoods League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwoods_League"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"The Lumberjacks played at Athletic Park, located at 324 E. Wausau Ave. Wausau, Wisconsin [2]Originally built in 1936,[3] Athletic Park was also home to the Timbers of the Class-A Midwest League (1975-1990) and the Wausau Timberjacks (1950–1953). The park hosted the Lumberjacks in three separate incarnations (1936-1942, 1946–1949, 1956–57).Currently, since 1994, Athletic Field has hosted the Wisconsin Woodchucks of the summer collegiate Northwoods League}.[4]","title":"The Ballpark"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ray Boone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Boone"},{"link_name":"Bob Boone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Boone"},{"link_name":"Brett Boone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Boone"},{"link_name":"Aaron Boone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Boone"},{"link_name":"Detroit Tigers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Tigers"},{"link_name":"Vada Pinson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vada_Pinson"},{"link_name":"Gold Glove Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Glove_Award"},{"link_name":"Cincinnati Reds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds"},{"link_name":"National League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_League_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"National League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_League_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"All-Star","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game"}],"text":"Ray Boone played for the Lumberjacks in 1942. Boone enjoyed a 13-year big league career (1943–1960). Ray was the patriarch of the Boone family, followed by son, Bob Boone and grandsons Brett Boone and Aaron Boone. The Boone family was the first to send three generations to the All-Star Game. Ray led the AL in RBIs in 1955. He was a 2x All-Star and World Series Champion with the Detroit Tigers. Boone had career stats of: .275, 151 HR, 737 RBI.Vada Pinson played for the Lumberjacks in 1956. Pinson enjoyed an 18-year big league career (1958–1975). Pinson combined power, speed and was Gold Glove Award winning center fielder. His best years were with the Cincinnati Reds (1958–1968). Vada twice led the National League in hits (1961, 1963). He batted .343 in 1961, when the Reds won the pennant. He was a National League All-Star 4x. Pinson had career stats of: .286, 256 HR, 1,170 RBI. He had 2,757 hits in his stellar career.","title":"Notable players"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Phil Masi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Masi"},{"link_name":"Dickie Kerr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickie_Kerr"},{"link_name":"Wally Gilbert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wally_Gilbert"},{"link_name":"Ray Boone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Boone"},{"link_name":"Fred Schulte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Schulte"},{"link_name":"Ryne Duren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryne_Duren"},{"link_name":"Mike Tresh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Tresh"},{"link_name":"Bob Bruce","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Bruce"},{"link_name":"Vada Pinson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vada_Pinson"},{"link_name":"Jack Baldschun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Baldschun"},{"link_name":"Dave Bristol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Bristol"},{"link_name":"Cookie Rojas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookie_Rojas"}],"text":"Phil Masi (1937) 3 x MLB All-Star;\nDickie Kerr (1927) MLB: 20 game winner\nWally Gilbert (1939–40, 1941–42)\nRay Boone (1942) 2 x MLB All-Star; 1955 NL RBI Leader\nFred Schulte (1946, MGR)\nRyne Duren (1949) 3 x MLB All-Star; 1958 AL Saves Leader\nMike Tresh (1952) MLB All-Star\nBob Bruce (1953)\nVada Pinson (1956) 2 x MLB All-Star; 2,757 MLB hits\nJack Baldschun (1957)\nDave Bristol (1957) MLB Manager\nCookie Rojas (1957) 5 x MLB-All Star","title":"Notable alumni"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Vada Pinson, 1972","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Vada_Pinson_1972.jpeg/220px-Vada_Pinson_1972.jpeg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Ballpark - Wisconsin Woodchucks : Wisconsin Woodchucks\". Northwoodsleague.com. Retrieved 2016-03-30.","urls":[{"url":"http://northwoodsleague.com/wisconsin-woodchucks/more/ballpark/","url_text":"\"Ballpark - Wisconsin Woodchucks : Wisconsin Woodchucks\""}]},{"reference":"Brian Gardner / gardnerphotos.com (2014-08-01). \"Athletic Park, Home of the Wisconsin Woodchucks #2\". Mn Artists. Retrieved 2016-03-30.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mnartists.org/artwork/athletic-park-home-wisconsin-woodchucks-2","url_text":"\"Athletic Park, Home of the Wisconsin Woodchucks #2\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wisconsin Woodchucks - Get Ready for the Show! : Wisconsin Woodchucks\". Northwoodsleague.com. Retrieved 2016-03-30.","urls":[{"url":"http://northwoodsleague.com/wisconsin-woodchucks/","url_text":"\"Wisconsin Woodchucks - Get Ready for the Show! : Wisconsin Woodchucks\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/team.cgi?city=Wausau&state=WI&country=US&empty=0","external_links_name":"BR Minors page"},{"Link":"http://northwoodsleague.com/wisconsin-woodchucks/more/ballpark/","external_links_name":"\"Ballpark - Wisconsin Woodchucks : Wisconsin Woodchucks\""},{"Link":"http://www.mnartists.org/artwork/athletic-park-home-wisconsin-woodchucks-2","external_links_name":"\"Athletic Park, Home of the Wisconsin Woodchucks #2\""},{"Link":"http://northwoodsleague.com/wisconsin-woodchucks/","external_links_name":"\"Wisconsin Woodchucks - Get Ready for the Show! : Wisconsin Woodchucks\""},{"Link":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/team.cgi?city=Wausau&state=WI&country=US&empty=0","external_links_name":"Baseball Reference"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunterdon_County_Democrat
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Hunterdon County Democrat
|
["1 History","2 Sister publications","3 References","4 External links"]
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Weekly newspaper based in New Jersey
See also: List of newspapers in New Jersey
The Hunterdon County DemocratTypeWeekly newspaperOwner(s)Advance PublicationsFounded1838LanguageAmerican EnglishHeadquartersRaritan Township, New JerseyCityFlemington, New JerseyCountryUnited StatesCirculation21,000 (as of 2008)ISSN0018-7844OCLC number4094634 Websitewww.nj.com/hunterdon-county-democrat/Media of the United StatesList of newspapers
The Hunterdon County Democrat is a weekly newspaper that serves Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Currently owned by Penn Jersey Advance, Inc., its offices are in Raritan Township. It is one of the largest paid weekly newspapers in New Jersey, with an estimated total circulation of more than 21,000. It is published every Thursday.
History
The first newspaper to serve Hunterdon County was the Hunterdon Gazette and Farmers' Weekly Advertiser, established at Flemington on March 24, 1825, by Charles George, who shortened the paper's title to the Hunterdon Gazette in 1829. He discontinued the Gazette on May 2, 1832, but retained his shop in Flemington and periodically published issues of the paper. George sold the Gazette to John S. Brown, who returned the paper to weekly publication beginning with his first issue, published on July 18, 1838.
On the Gazette's editorial page, Brown state that he was "'an old-fashioned Democrat,' which was in reality an admission that he was a Whig and opposed to the Jacksonian administration." While the Gazette retained a strong readership among Whigs and independents, Hunterdon County had become Democratic with the election of Andrew Jackson as president in 1828.
In 1838, the same year that Brown bought the Gazette, a rival newspaper appeared under the name Hunterdon Democrat. The Democrat's editor, George C. Seymour, ensured that his newspaper held to the principles of the Democratic Party. Within months, the rival editors began making personal attacks on each other in addition to their sniping on political topics. However, it "took more than politics to support a newspaper. The fight between Brown and Seymour was essentially one of trying to win readers and advertisers."
In 1843, Brown sold the Gazette to John R. Swallow. The new owner hired Henry C. Buffington as editor. Earlier in his career, Huffington had worked at Philadelphia area newspapers with Seymour, the Democrat's owner and editor. "Seymour did not welcome his old colleague to Flemington" and within months he initiated a new personal feud. Early in 1844, Swallow sold the Gazette to Buffington, then moved to Lambertville where he started a newspaper. This venture lasted only three or four years before Swallow sold out and headed west.
"In the meantime, Seymour of the Hunterdon Democrat and Buffington of the Hunterdon Gazettepursued their respective ways without much change or improvement. ... Actually, both editors were probably skating on thin financial ice at all times."
In 1852 Seymour sold the Democrat to Adam Bellis, also a staunch Democrat.
On July 3, 1867, The Hunterdon County Democrat made its debut, taking the place of both The Hunterdon Democrat and the erstwhile Gazette (which had changed its name to The Democrat after having been transformed into a Democratic paper in 1866). The editor during this time was Robert J. Killgore. His son, Anthony Killgore, later took over the editorship, serving until 1922. Alex L. Moreau and D. Howard Moreau then became the owners of The Democrat. Following the death of A.L. Moreau in 1933, D. Howard Moreau became sole owner of the newspaper, until his death on June 7, 1963. After Moreau's death his son-in-law H. Seely Thomas Jr. became publisher of The Democrat. Thomas hired Edward J. Mack as editor of the newspaper in 1965.
Family ownership continued in the 1980s when Thomas was joined in the publication of the newspaper by his three children, Catherine, John, and Howard. Catherine's husband, Jay Langley, became editor in 1988, while Mack rejoined
the newspaper in 1989 as general manager. Catherine Langley succeeded her father as publisher after his death in 1994.
In February 2001, Penn Jersey Advance, Inc., a unit of Advance Publications (Newhouse), bought The Democrat and its sister publications. Based in Somerville, New Jersey, Penn Jersey Advance is the parent company of NJN Publishing, a network of newspapers in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
Sister publications
The Democrat purchased The Frenchtown Star in 1932, which had been published in Frenchtown since 1879, and renamed it The Delaware Valley News. In 1949 The Milford Leader was also purchased and combined with The Delaware Valley News. The newspaper was shut down in September 2008.
The Democrat launched a free-circulation weekly newspaper, The Hunterdon Observer, in August 1987. Another free weekly, The Warren Reporter, formerly served Warren County. A monthly magazine, Horse News, is also a member of The Democrat's publishing group. Penn Jersey Advance bought The Delaware Valley News, The Hunterdon Observer, The Warren Reporter, and Horse News in its 2001 acquisition of The Democrat.
References
New Jersey portal
^ a b "US Newspaper - Search Results". Audit Bureau of Circulations. 2008-09-30. Archived from the original on 2012-10-27. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
^ OCLC 4094634, ISSN 0018-7844
^ "NJPA Member Directory". New Jersey Press Association. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
^ "About Hunterdon County Democrat. (Flemington, N.J.) 1847-current". Library of Congress. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
^ Schmidt, Hubert G. (1961). Written at Hunterdon County Historical Society. The Press in Hunterdon County. Flemington, N.J.: The Democrat Press. p. 9.
^ Schmidt, Hubert G. (1961). Written at Hunterdon County Historical Society. The Press in Hunterdon County. Flemington, N.J.: The Democrat Press. pp. 11–12.
^ Myers, William Starr (1945). The Story of New Jersey. Lewis Historical Pub. Co. p. 179.
^ a b Schmidt, Hubert G. (1961). Written at Hunterdon County Historical Society. The Press in Hunterdon County. Flemington, N.J.: The Democrat Press. p. 13.
^ a b Schmidt, Hubert G. (1961). Written at Hunterdon County Historical Society. The Press in Hunterdon County. Flemington, N.J.: The Democrat Press. p. 19.
^ a b Schmidt, Hubert G. (1961). Written at Hunterdon County Historical Society. The Press in Hunterdon County. Flemington, N.J.: The Democrat Press. p. 15.
^ a b Schmidt, Hubert G. (1961). Written at Hunterdon County Historical Society. The Press in Hunterdon County. Flemington, N.J.: The Democrat Press. p. 24.
^ Schmidt, Hubert G. (1961). Written at Hunterdon County Historical Society. The Press in Hunterdon County. Flemington, N.J.: The Democrat Press. p. 26.
^ a b c d e Stothoff, Mrs. Frederick (1989). "Ch. 6, Communication" (PDF). The First 275 Years of Hunterdon County, 1714-1989. Hunterdon County Cultural and Heritage Commission. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
^ a b Perone, Joseph R. (2001-02-01). "Advance unit purchases five publications". The Star-Ledger. p. 17.
^ Lausch, Brandon (2008-09-22). "Frenchtown-based weekly newspaper to cease publication after 129 years". MyCentralJersey.com. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
^ Brickman, Rachael S. (2008-09-23). "The Delaware Valley News closes". Delaware Valley News. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
^ "@horse-news - nj.com". nj. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
^ Cook, Caitlyn (2024-05-14). "Research Guides: New Jersey Digitized Historic Newspapers: Hunterdon County". libguides.njstatelib.org. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
^ "November issue of Horse News is online". Hunterdon County Democrat. 2014-11-04. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
External links
http://www.hcdemocrat.com/ Hunterdon County Democrat previous website
Hunterdon County Democrat news on NJ.com
Contact information, NJN Publishing
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"List of newspapers in New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Hunterdon County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunterdon_County,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Raritan Township","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raritan_Township,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CIRC-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NJPA-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LOC-4"}],"text":"See also: List of newspapers in New JerseyThe Hunterdon County Democrat is a weekly newspaper that serves Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Currently owned by Penn Jersey Advance, Inc., its offices are in Raritan Township. It is one of the largest paid weekly newspapers in New Jersey, with an estimated total circulation of more than 21,000.[1] It is published every Thursday.[2][3][4]","title":"Hunterdon County Democrat"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Flemington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemington,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-8"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-9"},{"link_name":"Democratic Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-10"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-10"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-9"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-11"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Stothoff-13"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Stothoff-13"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Stothoff-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ledger-14"},{"link_name":"Advance Publications","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance_Publications"},{"link_name":"Somerville, New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerville,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"NJN Publishing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NJN_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ledger-14"}],"text":"The first newspaper to serve Hunterdon County was the Hunterdon Gazette and Farmers' Weekly Advertiser, established at Flemington on March 24, 1825, by Charles George, who shortened the paper's title to the Hunterdon Gazette in 1829.[5] He discontinued the Gazette on May 2, 1832, but retained his shop in Flemington and periodically published issues of the paper.[6] George sold the Gazette to John S. Brown, who returned the paper to weekly publication beginning with his first issue, published on July 18, 1838.[7][8]On the Gazette's editorial page, Brown state that he was \"'an old-fashioned Democrat,' which was in reality an admission that he was a Whig and opposed to the Jacksonian administration.\"[8] While the Gazette retained a strong readership among Whigs and independents, Hunterdon County had become Democratic with the election of Andrew Jackson as president in 1828.[9]In 1838, the same year that Brown bought the Gazette, a rival newspaper appeared under the name Hunterdon Democrat. The Democrat's editor, George C. Seymour, ensured that his newspaper held to the principles of the Democratic Party.[10] Within months, the rival editors began making personal attacks on each other in addition to their sniping on political topics.[10] However, it \"took more than politics to support a newspaper. The fight between Brown and Seymour was essentially one of trying to win readers and advertisers.\"[9]In 1843, Brown sold the Gazette to John R. Swallow.[11] The new owner hired Henry C. Buffington as editor. Earlier in his career, Huffington had worked at Philadelphia area newspapers with Seymour, the Democrat's owner and editor. \"Seymour did not welcome his old colleague to Flemington\" and within months he initiated a new personal feud.[11] Early in 1844, Swallow sold the Gazette to Buffington, then moved to Lambertville where he started a newspaper. This venture lasted only three or four years before Swallow sold out and headed west.[12]\"In the meantime, Seymour of the Hunterdon Democrat and Buffington of the Hunterdon Gazettepursued their respective ways without much change or improvement. ... Actually, both editors were probably skating on thin financial ice at all times.\"In 1852 Seymour sold the Democrat to Adam Bellis, also a staunch Democrat.[13]On July 3, 1867, The Hunterdon County Democrat made its debut, taking the place of both The Hunterdon Democrat and the erstwhile Gazette (which had changed its name to The Democrat after having been transformed into a Democratic paper in 1866). The editor during this time was Robert J. Killgore. His son, Anthony Killgore, later took over the editorship, serving until 1922. Alex L. Moreau and D. Howard Moreau then became the owners of The Democrat. Following the death of A.L. Moreau in 1933, D. Howard Moreau became sole owner of the newspaper, until his death on June 7, 1963. After Moreau's death his son-in-law H. Seely Thomas Jr. became publisher of The Democrat. Thomas hired Edward J. Mack as editor of the newspaper in 1965.[13]Family ownership continued in the 1980s when Thomas was joined in the publication of the newspaper by his three children, Catherine, John, and Howard. Catherine's husband, Jay Langley, became editor in 1988, while Mack rejoined \nthe newspaper in 1989 as general manager.[13] Catherine Langley succeeded her father as publisher after his death in 1994.[14]In February 2001, Penn Jersey Advance, Inc., a unit of Advance Publications (Newhouse), bought The Democrat and its sister publications. Based in Somerville, New Jersey, Penn Jersey Advance is the parent company of NJN Publishing, a network of newspapers in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.[14]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Frenchtown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenchtown,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Stothoff-13"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Stothoff-13"},{"link_name":"Warren County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_County,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"The Democrat purchased The Frenchtown Star in 1932, which had been published in Frenchtown since 1879, and renamed it The Delaware Valley News. In 1949 The Milford Leader was also purchased and combined with The Delaware Valley News.[13] The newspaper was shut down in September 2008.[15][16]The Democrat launched a free-circulation weekly newspaper, The Hunterdon Observer, in August 1987.[13] Another free weekly, The Warren Reporter, formerly served Warren County. A monthly magazine, Horse News, is also a member of The Democrat's publishing group.[17][18][19] Penn Jersey Advance bought The Delaware Valley News, The Hunterdon Observer, The Warren Reporter, and Horse News in its 2001 acquisition of The Democrat.[citation needed]","title":"Sister publications"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"US Newspaper - Search Results\". Audit Bureau of Circulations. 2008-09-30. Archived from the original on 2012-10-27. Retrieved 2008-12-16.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121027085243/http://abcas3.accessabc.com/ecirc/newstitlesearchus.asp","url_text":"\"US Newspaper - Search Results\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_Bureau_of_Circulations_(North_America)","url_text":"Audit Bureau of Circulations"},{"url":"http://abcas3.accessabc.com/ecirc/newstitlesearchus.asp","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"NJPA Member Directory\". New Jersey Press Association. Retrieved March 23, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.njpa.org/njpa/members.html","url_text":"\"NJPA Member Directory\""}]},{"reference":"\"About Hunterdon County Democrat. [volume] (Flemington, N.J.) 1847-current\". Library of Congress. Retrieved March 24, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn78001260/","url_text":"\"About Hunterdon County Democrat. [volume] (Flemington, N.J.) 1847-current\""}]},{"reference":"Schmidt, Hubert G. (1961). Written at Hunterdon County Historical Society. The Press in Hunterdon County. Flemington, N.J.: The Democrat Press. p. 9.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Schmidt, Hubert G. (1961). Written at Hunterdon County Historical Society. The Press in Hunterdon County. Flemington, N.J.: The Democrat Press. pp. 11–12.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Myers, William Starr (1945). The Story of New Jersey. Lewis Historical Pub. Co. p. 179.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=HtgMAAAAYAAJ","url_text":"The Story of New Jersey"}]},{"reference":"Schmidt, Hubert G. (1961). Written at Hunterdon County Historical Society. The Press in Hunterdon County. Flemington, N.J.: The Democrat Press. p. 13.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Schmidt, Hubert G. (1961). Written at Hunterdon County Historical Society. The Press in Hunterdon County. Flemington, N.J.: The Democrat Press. p. 19.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Schmidt, Hubert G. (1961). Written at Hunterdon County Historical Society. The Press in Hunterdon County. Flemington, N.J.: The Democrat Press. p. 15.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Schmidt, Hubert G. (1961). Written at Hunterdon County Historical Society. The Press in Hunterdon County. Flemington, N.J.: The Democrat Press. p. 24.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Schmidt, Hubert G. (1961). Written at Hunterdon County Historical Society. The Press in Hunterdon County. Flemington, N.J.: The Democrat Press. p. 26.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Stothoff, Mrs. Frederick (1989). \"Ch. 6, Communication\" (PDF). The First 275 Years of Hunterdon County, 1714-1989. Hunterdon County Cultural and Heritage Commission. Retrieved 2008-12-16.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.co.hunterdon.nj.us/history/Ch6-Communication.pdf","url_text":"\"Ch. 6, Communication\""},{"url":"http://www.co.hunterdon.nj.us/depts/c&h/275years.htm","url_text":"The First 275 Years of Hunterdon County, 1714-1989"}]},{"reference":"Perone, Joseph R. (2001-02-01). \"Advance unit purchases five publications\". The Star-Ledger. p. 17.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Star-Ledger","url_text":"The Star-Ledger"}]},{"reference":"Lausch, Brandon (2008-09-22). \"Frenchtown-based weekly newspaper to cease publication after 129 years\". MyCentralJersey.com. Retrieved 2008-12-16.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mycentraljersey.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080922/NEWS/809220340","url_text":"\"Frenchtown-based weekly newspaper to cease publication after 129 years\""}]},{"reference":"Brickman, Rachael S. (2008-09-23). \"The Delaware Valley News closes\". Delaware Valley News. Retrieved 2008-12-16.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nj.com/hunterdon/index.ssf/2008/09/the_delaware_valley_news_close.html","url_text":"\"The Delaware Valley News closes\""}]},{"reference":"\"@horse-news - nj.com\". nj. Retrieved 2024-06-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nj.com/topic/@horse-news","url_text":"\"@horse-news - nj.com\""}]},{"reference":"Cook, Caitlyn (2024-05-14). \"Research Guides: New Jersey Digitized Historic Newspapers: Hunterdon County\". libguides.njstatelib.org. Retrieved 2024-06-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://libguides.njstatelib.org/digitized-newspapers/hunterdon","url_text":"\"Research Guides: New Jersey Digitized Historic Newspapers: Hunterdon County\""}]},{"reference":"\"November issue of Horse News is online\". Hunterdon County Democrat. 2014-11-04. Retrieved 2024-06-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nj.com/horsenews/2014/11/november_issue_of_horse_news_i.html","url_text":"\"November issue of Horse News is online\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0018-7844","external_links_name":"0018-7844"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4094634","external_links_name":"4094634"},{"Link":"https://www.nj.com/hunterdon-county-democrat/","external_links_name":"www.nj.com/hunterdon-county-democrat/"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121027085243/http://abcas3.accessabc.com/ecirc/newstitlesearchus.asp","external_links_name":"\"US Newspaper - Search Results\""},{"Link":"http://abcas3.accessabc.com/ecirc/newstitlesearchus.asp","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4094634","external_links_name":"4094634"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0018-7844","external_links_name":"0018-7844"},{"Link":"http://www.njpa.org/njpa/members.html","external_links_name":"\"NJPA Member Directory\""},{"Link":"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn78001260/","external_links_name":"\"About Hunterdon County Democrat. [volume] (Flemington, N.J.) 1847-current\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=HtgMAAAAYAAJ","external_links_name":"The Story of New Jersey"},{"Link":"http://www.co.hunterdon.nj.us/history/Ch6-Communication.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Ch. 6, Communication\""},{"Link":"http://www.co.hunterdon.nj.us/depts/c&h/275years.htm","external_links_name":"The First 275 Years of Hunterdon County, 1714-1989"},{"Link":"http://www.mycentraljersey.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080922/NEWS/809220340","external_links_name":"\"Frenchtown-based weekly newspaper to cease publication after 129 years\""},{"Link":"http://www.nj.com/hunterdon/index.ssf/2008/09/the_delaware_valley_news_close.html","external_links_name":"\"The Delaware Valley News closes\""},{"Link":"https://www.nj.com/topic/@horse-news","external_links_name":"\"@horse-news - nj.com\""},{"Link":"https://libguides.njstatelib.org/digitized-newspapers/hunterdon","external_links_name":"\"Research Guides: New Jersey Digitized Historic Newspapers: Hunterdon County\""},{"Link":"https://www.nj.com/horsenews/2014/11/november_issue_of_horse_news_i.html","external_links_name":"\"November issue of Horse News is online\""},{"Link":"http://www.nj.com/hunterdon/","external_links_name":"Hunterdon County Democrat news on NJ.com"},{"Link":"http://www.njnpublishing.info/hunterdoncontacts.html","external_links_name":"Contact information, NJN Publishing"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Krentz
|
Dale Krentz
|
["1 Career statistics","1.1 Regular season and playoffs","2 References","3 External links"]
|
Canadian ice hockey player
Ice hockey player
Dale KrentzBorn
(1961-12-19) December 19, 1961 (age 62)Steinbach, Manitoba, CanadaHeight
5 ft 11 in (180 cm)Weight
190 lb (86 kg; 13 st 8 lb)Position
Left wingShot
LeftPlayed for
Detroit Red Wings Mannheimer ERC SC Bern Adler Mannheim Star Bulls RosenheimNHL draft
UndraftedPlaying career
1985–1996
Dale M. Krentz (born December 19, 1961) is a Canadian former ice hockey player who played 30 games in the National Hockey League with the Detroit Red Wings between and 1987 and 1989. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1985 to 1996, was spent in the minor leagues and then in Europe. Krentz played at the collegiate level for Michigan State.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
Regular season
Playoffs
Season
Team
League
GP
G
A
Pts
PIM
GP
G
A
Pts
PIM
1978–79
Selkirk Steelers
MJHL
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1979–80
Selkirk Steelers
MJHL
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1980–81
Selkirk Steelers
MJHL
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1981–82
Selkirk Steelers
MJHL
48
37
69
106
—
—
—
—
—
—
1982–83
Michigan State University
CCHA
42
11
24
35
50
—
—
—
—
—
1983–84
Michigan State University
CCHA
44
12
20
32
34
—
—
—
—
—
1984–85
Michigan State University
CCHA
44
24
30
54
26
—
—
—
—
—
1985–86
Adirondack Red Wings
AHL
79
19
27
46
27
13
2
6
8
9
1986–87
Detroit Red Wings
NHL
8
0
0
0
0
—
—
—
—
—
1986–87
Adirondack Red Wings
AHL
71
32
39
71
68
11
3
4
7
10
1987–88
Detroit Red Wings
NHL
6
2
0
2
5
2
0
0
0
0
1987–88
Adirondack Red Wings
AHL
67
39
43
82
65
8
11
4
15
8
1988–89
Detroit Red Wings
NHL
16
3
3
6
4
—
—
—
—
—
1988–89
Adirondack Red Wings
AHL
36
21
20
41
30
—
—
—
—
—
1989–90
Adirondack Red Wings
AHL
74
38
50
88
36
6
2
3
5
11
1990–91
Mannheimer ERC
GER
44
28
29
57
24
3
1
0
1
2
1990–91
SC Bern
NLA
—
—
—
—
—
5
6
1
7
4
1991–92
Mannheimer ERC
GER
44
25
30
55
24
7
1
2
3
6
1992–93
Mannheimer ERC
GER
43
20
21
41
48
8
4
1
5
6
1993–94
Mannheimer ERC
GER
44
22
22
44
53
4
2
1
3
0
1994–95
Adler Mannheim
DEL
42
14
25
39
55
10
3
9
12
12
1995–96
Star Bulls Rosenheim
DEL
49
25
28
53
62
4
0
1
1
6
1995–96
HC Thurgau
NLB
—
—
—
—
—
1
0
0
0
0
GER/DEL totals
266
134
155
289
266
36
11
14
25
32
NHL totals
30
5
3
8
9
2
0
0
0
0
References
^ Seibold, Jack (2014). Spartan Sports Encyclopedia: A History of the Michigan State Men's Athletic Program, 2nd Edition. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. ISBN 9781613216996.
External links
Biographical information and career statistics from NHL.com, or Eliteprospects.com, or Eurohockey.com, or Hockey-Reference.com, or The Internet Hockey Database
This biographical article relating to a Canadian ice hockey winger born in the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Seibold, Jack (2014). Spartan Sports Encyclopedia: A History of the Michigan State Men's Athletic Program, 2nd Edition. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. ISBN 9781613216996.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=VUpfBgAAQBAJ&q=Dale+Krentz%2C+hockey&pg=PT1685","url_text":"Spartan Sports Encyclopedia: A History of the Michigan State Men's Athletic Program, 2nd Edition"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781613216996","url_text":"9781613216996"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=VUpfBgAAQBAJ&q=Dale+Krentz%2C+hockey&pg=PT1685","external_links_name":"Spartan Sports Encyclopedia: A History of the Michigan State Men's Athletic Program, 2nd Edition"},{"Link":"https://www.nhl.com/player/8448541","external_links_name":"NHL.com"},{"Link":"http://www.eliteprospects.com/player.php?player=41686&lang=en","external_links_name":"Eliteprospects.com"},{"Link":"http://www.eurohockey.com/player/17485-.html","external_links_name":"Eurohockey.com"},{"Link":"https://www.hockey-reference.com/players/k/krentda01.html","external_links_name":"Hockey-Reference.com"},{"Link":"http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/pdisplay.php?pid=2820","external_links_name":"The Internet Hockey Database"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dale_Krentz&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennington,_Cumbria
|
Pennington, Cumbria
|
["1 Population","2 Industry","3 Religious Identification","4 Education","5 History","6 See also","7 References","8 External links"]
|
Coordinates: 54°11′00″N 3°08′00″W / 54.1833°N 3.1333°W / 54.1833; -3.1333
Human settlement in EnglandCountry road in PenningtonPennington, CumbriaLocation in South LakelandShow map of the former South Lakeland districtPennington, CumbriaLocation within CumbriaShow map of CumbriaPopulation2,008 (2011 Census)OS grid referenceSD260770Civil parishPenningtonDistrictSouth LakelandShire countyCumbriaRegionNorth WestCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townULVERSTONPostcode districtLA12Dialling code01229PoliceCumbriaFireCumbriaAmbulanceNorth West
UK ParliamentBarrow and Furness
List of places
UK
England
Cumbria
54°11′00″N 3°08′00″W / 54.1833°N 3.1333°W / 54.1833; -3.1333
Pennington is a small village and civil parish in Furness, a region of Cumbria, England. Pennington lies between Ulverston, Rosside and Lindal. Pennington is located just off the nearby A590, with the nearest railway link in Ulverston.
Population
Total population of Pennington civil parish, Cumbria as reported by the Census from 1801–2011
In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 1,794, increasing to 2,008, according to the 2011 census. Over time there have been some significant fluctuations in the population. The most notable increase was between 1851 and 1881 when the population increased by over 1000, with 1881 seeing the population spike at 1,698. 1911 and 1961 saw a dip in the population of the parish, decreasing from 1,510 in 1901 to 1,361 in 1911. From 1961 onwards the population increased again, with the highest population being 2,008 (2011 census).
Industry
Main occupations in Pennington in the 1881 censusMale occupationsFemale occupations
The 1881 census was the first census to become more specific with occupation data; it classifies information from 9 categories to 24. The pie chart depicts the top five male occupations in Pennington in 1881. The census information shows that the largest sector of employment for males at this time was in 'various mineral substances' which is essentially mining. The second largest sector of employment came from the Agriculture industry.
As true to this time in Britain, Pennington in 1881 had significantly fewer women in employment compared to men. From the women that were in employment at this time, the census shows that the majority of women were employed in the domestic services sector, with the second most population occupation was working in the dressmaking industry.
Iron ore mine
The industry sector has changed somewhat in Britain since 1881, with the decrease in primary sector employment such as mining and the increase in secondary and more recently tertiary sector of employment. This can be seen when specifically looking at Pennington when looking at the 2011 Census data. The largest sector of employment for males currently is the manufacturing industry with 126 men employed. As the gender balance has evened over time there are also many more females employed in 2011 compared to 1881 in Pennington. The largest sector of employment for females in Pennington is now in the human health and social work activities industry with 113 women working in this sector, according to key statistics from the 2011 census.
Religious Identification
Pennington follows the regional and national trend with 1,491 of the 2,008 classing themselves as Christian. The second largest response about the religious views of the people of Pennington was 345 persons declaring themselves of no religion, which also follows the national trend. Other religions identified in Pennington include Buddhism of which 8 people identified themselves as Buddhist, Judaism in which 3 people identified themselves as, along with Islam and Sikhism both of which one person identified themselves as.
Education
Pennington Church of England Primary school is the only primary school in the rural hamlet of Pennington. The school's most recent Ofsted report provides further information about the school. The school has a mixed gender of pupils with 172 pupils on roll. Due to being a faith school Pennington C of E Primary is categorised as being a Voluntary Controlled School. According to the most recent Ofsted report of 2006, the School received a Grade 1: Outstanding classification.
When looking at the 2011 Census data, we can see that there were 41 people who were in full-time education. From the census we can also see that 569 people in Pennington's highest level of education was at level 4 or higher. It is also shown from the Neighbourhood Statistics website that 282 people in Pennington in 2011 had no qualifications.
History
Historical map excerpt published by C.Smith
In the early 1870s, Pennington was described as:
'PENNINGTON, a parish in Ulverston district, Lancashire; near the Furness railway, 1¾ mile W S W of Ulverston. It has a post-office under Ulverston. Acres, 2, 767. Real property, £18, 436; of which £7, 500 are in mines, and £2, 732 in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 489; in 1861, 879. Houses, 163. The increase of pop. arose from extension of mining operations'.
It is thought that the name of Pennington came from the aristocratic family who inhabited Muncaster Castle a few miles away. The surname derives from Old English pening (penny, used as a byname or from a tribute due on the land) + tun (enclosure, settlement). Traditionally Muncaster Castle was always the seat of the Lord Pennington, whose history includes Sir William Pennington, Duke of Hertford. The Pennington family still have links to Muncaster, with the majority of the remaining descendants living in West Yorkshire.
There are a set of stocks outside the church gate that were used to punish offenders and there are runic inscriptions within the churchyard. Pennington is mentioned in the Domesday Book as one of the townships forming the Manor of Hougun which was held by Tostig Godwinson, Earl of Northumbria.
Harry Christian, a soldier who was awarded the Victoria Cross, was born in Pennington.
To the west, in the nearby hamlet of Rosside, are the earthwork remains of Pennington Castle, a medieval ringwork.
See also
Cumbria portal
Listed buildings in Pennington, Cumbria
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pennington, Cumbria.
^ a b c d e f g UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Pennington Parish (E04002641)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
^ UK Census (2001). "Local Area Report – Pennington Parish (16UG058)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
^ "Occupation data classified into the 24 1881 'Orders', plus sex". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
^ "Occupation data classified into the 24 1881 'Orders', plus sex". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
^ "Pennington C of E School Ofsted report 2006" (PDF). Ofsted. Ofsted. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
^ Wilson, John Marius (1870). Gazetter of England and Wales. Edinburgh: A. Fullerton & Co. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
^ Cumbria: Hougun (The Domesday Book On-Line)
External links
Cumbria County History Trust: Pennington (nb: provisional research only – see Talk page)
Authority control databases
VIAF
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"civil parish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England"},{"link_name":"Furness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furness"},{"link_name":"Cumbria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria"},{"link_name":"Ulverston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulverston"},{"link_name":"Rosside","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosside"},{"link_name":"Lindal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindal"}],"text":"Human settlement in EnglandPennington is a small village and civil parish in Furness, a region of Cumbria, England. Pennington lies between Ulverston, Rosside and Lindal. Pennington is located just off the nearby A590, with the nearest railway link in Ulverston.","title":"Pennington, Cumbria"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pennington_Population_time_series_1801-2011.jpg"},{"link_name":"2001 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-census2011-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-census2011-1"}],"text":"Total population of Pennington civil parish, Cumbria as reported by the Census from 1801–2011In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 1,794,[2] increasing to 2,008, according to the 2011 census.[1] Over time there have been some significant fluctuations in the population. The most notable increase was between 1851 and 1881 when the population increased by over 1000, with 1881 seeing the population spike at 1,698. 1911 and 1961 saw a dip in the population of the parish, decreasing from 1,510 in 1901 to 1,361 in 1911. From 1961 onwards the population increased again, with the highest population being 2,008 (2011 census).[1]","title":"Population"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Main_Male_Occupations_in_Pennington,_Cumbria_in_1881.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Main_Female_Occupations_in_Pennington_in_1881.png"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Iron_Ore_Mine_-_geograph.org.uk_-_332468.jpg"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-census2011-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-census2011-1"}],"text":"Main occupations in Pennington in the 1881 censusMale occupationsFemale occupationsThe 1881 census was the first census to become more specific with occupation data; it classifies information from 9 categories to 24. The pie chart depicts the top five male occupations in Pennington in 1881. The census information shows that the largest sector of employment for males at this time was in 'various mineral substances' which is essentially mining. The second largest sector of employment came from the Agriculture industry.[3]As true to this time in Britain, Pennington in 1881 had significantly fewer women in employment compared to men. From the women that were in employment at this time, the census shows that the majority of women were employed in the domestic services sector, with the second most population occupation was working in the dressmaking industry.[4]Iron ore mineThe industry sector has changed somewhat in Britain since 1881, with the decrease in primary sector employment such as mining and the increase in secondary and more recently tertiary sector of employment. This can be seen when specifically looking at Pennington when looking at the 2011 Census data. The largest sector of employment for males currently is the manufacturing industry with 126 men employed.[1] As the gender balance has evened over time there are also many more females employed in 2011 compared to 1881 in Pennington. The largest sector of employment for females in Pennington is now in the human health and social work activities industry with 113 women working in this sector, according to key statistics from the 2011 census.[1]","title":"Industry"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-census2011-1"}],"text":"Pennington follows the regional and national trend with 1,491 of the 2,008 classing themselves as Christian. The second largest response about the religious views of the people of Pennington was 345 persons declaring themselves of no religion, which also follows the national trend. Other religions identified in Pennington include Buddhism of which 8 people identified themselves as Buddhist, Judaism in which 3 people identified themselves as, along with Islam and Sikhism both of which one person identified themselves as.[1]","title":"Religious Identification"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-census2011-1"}],"text":"Pennington Church of England Primary school is the only primary school in the rural hamlet of Pennington. The school's most recent Ofsted report provides further information about the school. The school has a mixed gender of pupils with 172 pupils on roll. Due to being a faith school Pennington C of E Primary is categorised as being a Voluntary Controlled School. According to the most recent Ofsted report of 2006, the School received a Grade 1: Outstanding classification.[5]When looking at the 2011 Census data, we can see that there were 41 people who were in full-time education. From the census we can also see that 569 people in Pennington's highest level of education was at level 4 or higher. It is also shown from the Neighbourhood Statistics website that 282 people in Pennington in 2011 had no qualifications.[1]","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Historical_map_of_the_Pennington_area.PNG"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Domesday Book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domesday_Book"},{"link_name":"Manor of Hougun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor_of_Hougun"},{"link_name":"Tostig Godwinson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tostig_Godwinson"},{"link_name":"Earl of Northumbria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Northumbria"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Harry Christian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Christian"},{"link_name":"Victoria Cross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Cross"},{"link_name":"Rosside","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosside"},{"link_name":"Pennington Castle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pennington_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"ringwork","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringwork"}],"text":"Historical map excerpt published by C.SmithIn the early 1870s, Pennington was described as:'PENNINGTON, a parish in Ulverston district, Lancashire; near the Furness railway, 1¾ mile W S W of Ulverston. It has a post-office under Ulverston. Acres, 2, 767. Real property, £18, 436; of which £7, 500 are in mines, and £2, 732 in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 489; in 1861, 879. Houses, 163. The increase of pop. arose from extension of mining operations'.[6]It is thought that the name of Pennington came from the aristocratic family who inhabited Muncaster Castle a few miles away. The surname derives from Old English pening (penny, used as a byname or from a tribute due on the land) + tun (enclosure, settlement). Traditionally Muncaster Castle was always the seat of the Lord Pennington, whose history includes Sir William Pennington, Duke of Hertford. The Pennington family still have links to Muncaster, with the majority of the remaining descendants living in West Yorkshire.There are a set of stocks outside the church gate that were used to punish offenders and there are runic inscriptions within the churchyard. Pennington is mentioned in the Domesday Book as one of the townships forming the Manor of Hougun which was held by Tostig Godwinson, Earl of Northumbria.[7]Harry Christian, a soldier who was awarded the Victoria Cross, was born in Pennington.To the west, in the nearby hamlet of Rosside, are the earthwork remains of Pennington Castle, a medieval ringwork.","title":"History"}]
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[{"image_text":"Total population of Pennington civil parish, Cumbria as reported by the Census from 1801–2011","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Pennington_Population_time_series_1801-2011.jpg/200px-Pennington_Population_time_series_1801-2011.jpg"},{"image_text":"Iron ore mine","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Iron_Ore_Mine_-_geograph.org.uk_-_332468.jpg/220px-Iron_Ore_Mine_-_geograph.org.uk_-_332468.jpg"},{"image_text":"Historical map excerpt published by C.Smith","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Historical_map_of_the_Pennington_area.PNG/200px-Historical_map_of_the_Pennington_area.PNG"}]
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[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Herdwick_sheep_crop.jpg"},{"title":"Cumbria portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Cumbria"},{"title":"Listed buildings in Pennington, Cumbria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Pennington,_Cumbria"}]
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[{"reference":"UK Census (2011). \"Local Area Report – Pennington Parish (E04002641)\". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 13 May 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census","url_text":"UK Census"},{"url":"https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/localarea?compare=E04002641","url_text":"\"Local Area Report – Pennington Parish (E04002641)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)","url_text":"Office for National Statistics"}]},{"reference":"UK Census (2001). \"Local Area Report – Pennington Parish (16UG058)\". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 13 May 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_census","url_text":"UK Census"},{"url":"https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/published/summaryreport.asp?file=sources/census_2001_ks","url_text":"\"Local Area Report – Pennington Parish (16UG058)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics","url_text":"Office for National Statistics"}]},{"reference":"\"Occupation data classified into the 24 1881 'Orders', plus sex\". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 16 March 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10375782/cube/OCC_ORDER1881","url_text":"\"Occupation data classified into the 24 1881 'Orders', plus sex\""}]},{"reference":"\"Occupation data classified into the 24 1881 'Orders', plus sex\". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 16 March 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10375782/cube/OCC_ORDER1881","url_text":"\"Occupation data classified into the 24 1881 'Orders', plus sex\""}]},{"reference":"\"Pennington C of E School Ofsted report 2006\" (PDF). Ofsted. Ofsted. Retrieved 28 March 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/files/840203/urn/112284.pdf","url_text":"\"Pennington C of E School Ofsted report 2006\""}]},{"reference":"Wilson, John Marius (1870). Gazetter of England and Wales. Edinburgh: A. Fullerton & Co. Retrieved 27 January 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://visionofbritain.org/place/10752","url_text":"Gazetter of England and Wales"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pennington,_Cumbria¶ms=54.1833_N_3.1333_W_region:GB_type:city(2008)","external_links_name":"54°11′00″N 3°08′00″W / 54.1833°N 3.1333°W / 54.1833; -3.1333"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pennington,_Cumbria¶ms=54.183415_N_3.135394_W_region:GB_scale:25000","external_links_name":"SD260770"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pennington,_Cumbria¶ms=54.1833_N_3.1333_W_region:GB_type:city(2008)","external_links_name":"54°11′00″N 3°08′00″W / 54.1833°N 3.1333°W / 54.1833; -3.1333"},{"Link":"https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/localarea?compare=E04002641","external_links_name":"\"Local Area Report – Pennington Parish (E04002641)\""},{"Link":"https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/published/summaryreport.asp?file=sources/census_2001_ks","external_links_name":"\"Local Area Report – Pennington Parish (16UG058)\""},{"Link":"http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10375782/cube/OCC_ORDER1881","external_links_name":"\"Occupation data classified into the 24 1881 'Orders', plus sex\""},{"Link":"http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10375782/cube/OCC_ORDER1881","external_links_name":"\"Occupation data classified into the 24 1881 'Orders', plus sex\""},{"Link":"http://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/files/840203/urn/112284.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Pennington C of E School Ofsted report 2006\""},{"Link":"http://visionofbritain.org/place/10752","external_links_name":"Gazetter of England and Wales"},{"Link":"http://www.domesdaybook.co.uk/book.html","external_links_name":"Cumbria: Hougun (The Domesday Book On-Line)"},{"Link":"http://www.cumbriacountyhistory.org.uk/township/pennington","external_links_name":"Cumbria County History Trust: Pennington"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/309584928","external_links_name":"VIAF"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Sun_Campaign_Setting,_Expanded_and_Revised
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Dark Sun Campaign Setting, Expanded and Revised
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["1 Contents","2 Publication history","3 Reception","4 References"]
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1995 book by Bill Slavicsek
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Dark Sun Campaign Setting, Expanded and Revised AuthorBill SlavicsekGenreRole-playing gamesPublisherTSRPublication date1995Media typeBoxed set
Dark Sun Campaign Setting, Expanded and Revised is an accessory for the 2nd edition of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, published in 1995.
Contents
This revised campaign set for the Dark Sun setting includes the significant political and physical changes that the world of Athas has undergone in the time since the release of the original Dark Sun Boxed Set. This set expanded the campaign area to eight times its original size. Included in the set are three large, colorful maps which present topographical and geographical information about Athas, one of which is a large-scale cloth map that details the main campaign area.
Also included in the set are a gamemaster's screen and four books: "Mystery of the Ancients" is an adventure for beginning player characters, "The Wanderer's Chronicle" provides a description of the campaign world, and "The Age of Heroes" and "The Way of the Psionicist" are books of rules specific to the setting. "The Way of the Psionicist" reproduces the psionics rules from Player's Option: Skills & Powers.
The time period of the campaign begins not long after a number of sorcerer kings were deposed.
1 large canvas foldout map
2 paper foldout maps
1 dungeon master screen
1 32-page book Mystery of the Ancients
1 96-page book The age of heroes
1 32-page book The Way of the Psionics
1 128-page book The wanderer's Chronicle
Publication history
Dark Sun Campaign Setting, Expanded and Revised was published by TSR, Inc. in 1995.
Reception
Cliff Ramshaw reviewed the revised edition of Dark Sun for Arcane magazine, rating it a 7 out of 10 overall. He felt that the changes to the psionics rules made for "a much more logical set-up than was previously in use. It's a matter of taste, though, as to whether you think there's any need for spell-like psionic powers when the game already supports such a wide variety of magical styles. He commented that there is "plenty of atmosphere in Dark Sun and, despite the seeming uniformity of the geography, a great deal of imagination has gone into detailing the various regions". He considered the adventure to be "somewhat lacklustre" as it is "short and extremely linear, leaving players with little chance to alter the outcome". Ramshaw concluded the review by saying: "All the same, if blood in the sand is the bag you're into, you'll find plenty to enjoy under the Dark Sun."
References
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Ramshaw, Cliff (February 1996). "Games Reviews". Arcane. Future Publishing (3): 64–65.
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Advanced Dungeons & Dragons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons"},{"link_name":"fantasy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasy"},{"link_name":"role-playing game","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role-playing_game"}],"text":"Dark Sun Campaign Setting, Expanded and Revised is an accessory for the 2nd edition of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, published in 1995.","title":"Dark Sun Campaign Setting, Expanded and Revised"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dark Sun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Sun"},{"link_name":"Athas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athas"},{"link_name":"Dark Sun Boxed Set","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Sun_Boxed_Set"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Arcane3-1"},{"link_name":"campaign","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_(role-playing_games)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Arcane3-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Arcane3-1"},{"link_name":"gamemaster's screen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamemaster%27s_screen"},{"link_name":"player characters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Player_character"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Arcane3-1"},{"link_name":"psionics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psionics_(Dungeons_%26_Dragons)"},{"link_name":"Player's Option: Skills & Powers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Player%27s_Option:_Skills_%26_Powers"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Arcane3-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Arcane3-1"}],"text":"This revised campaign set for the Dark Sun setting includes the significant political and physical changes that the world of Athas has undergone in the time since the release of the original Dark Sun Boxed Set.[1] This set expanded the campaign area to eight times its original size.[1] Included in the set are three large, colorful maps which present topographical and geographical information about Athas, one of which is a large-scale cloth map that details the main campaign area.[1]Also included in the set are a gamemaster's screen and four books: \"Mystery of the Ancients\" is an adventure for beginning player characters, \"The Wanderer's Chronicle\" provides a description of the campaign world, and \"The Age of Heroes\" and \"The Way of the Psionicist\" are books of rules specific to the setting.[1] \"The Way of the Psionicist\" reproduces the psionics rules from Player's Option: Skills & Powers.[1]The time period of the campaign begins not long after a number of sorcerer kings were deposed.[1]1 large canvas foldout map\n2 paper foldout maps\n1 dungeon master screen\n1 32-page book Mystery of the Ancients\n1 96-page book The age of heroes\n1 32-page book The Way of the Psionics\n1 128-page book The wanderer's Chronicle","title":"Contents"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"TSR, Inc.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSR,_Inc."}],"text":"Dark Sun Campaign Setting, Expanded and Revised was published by TSR, Inc. in 1995.","title":"Publication history"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Arcane3-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Arcane3-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Arcane3-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Arcane3-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Arcane3-1"}],"text":"Cliff Ramshaw reviewed the revised edition of Dark Sun for Arcane magazine, rating it a 7 out of 10 overall.[1] He felt that the changes to the psionics rules made for \"a much more logical set-up than was previously in use. It's a matter of taste, though, as to whether you think there's any need for spell-like psionic powers when the game already supports such a wide variety of magical styles.[1] He commented that there is \"plenty of atmosphere in Dark Sun and, despite the seeming uniformity of the geography, a great deal of imagination has gone into detailing the various regions\".[1] He considered the adventure to be \"somewhat lacklustre\" as it is \"short and extremely linear, leaving players with little chance to alter the outcome\".[1] Ramshaw concluded the review by saying: \"All the same, if blood in the sand is the bag you're into, you'll find plenty to enjoy under the Dark Sun.\"[1]","title":"Reception"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Ramshaw, Cliff (February 1996). \"Games Reviews\". Arcane. Future Publishing (3): 64–65.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_plc","url_text":"Future Publishing"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_Canadian_Battalion_(Toronto_Regiment),_CEF
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3rd Battalion (Toronto Regiment), CEF
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["1 History","1.1 Demobilization, re-organization and perpetuation","2 Commanding officers","3 Battle honours","4 Honours Awarded","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"]
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3rd Battalion (Toronto Regiment), CEFThe distinguishing patch of the 3rd Battalion (Toronto Regiment), CEF.Active1914-1919Country CanadaBranchCanadian Expeditionary ForceTypebattalion of the Canadian Expeditionary ForceRoleInfantrySizeOne BattalionPart of1st Canadian Brigade, 1st Canadian DivisionGarrison/HQToronto, OntarioEngagementsFirst World WarBattle honoursYpres and along the Western Front.Military unit
The 3rd Battalion (Toronto Regiment), Canadian Expeditionary Force was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force that saw service in the First World War. It was created on 2 September 1914 with recruits from Toronto, primarily from the Queen's Own Rifles of Canada with additional drafts from the 10th Royal Grenadiers and the Governor General's Body Guard.
History
The mascot of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Battalion, August 1916
The battalion organized and trained at Camp Valcartier before sailing for England from Quebec City on board the SS Tunisian on 25 September 1914. They arrived in England on 16 October with a strength of 42 officers and 1123 men. The battalion became part of the 1st Canadian Division, 1st Canadian Infantry Brigade where it saw action at Ypres, Vimy Ridge and along the Western Front. It was later reinforced by the 12th Canadian Reserve Battalion.
In the attack on Vimy Ridge, the battalion had a relatively easy time due to very successful artillery barrages but still lost around 150 killed or wounded.
286 soldiers of the 3rd Battalion were taken prisoner during the war - all but 21 during the 2nd Battle of Ypres during April and May 1915.
Demobilization, re-organization and perpetuation
The battalion returned to Canada from England on the SS Olympic arriving in Halifax on 21 April 1919, then in Toronto by train and demobilizing in the afternoon of 23 April 1919. Only 40 of the original contingent from 1914 arrived back at the end of the war although others had been demobilized or taken prisoners of war.
With the re-organization of the Canadian Militia, it was recreated as The Toronto Regiment by General Order dated 1 May 1920. On 15 December 1936 it was amalgamated with the Royal Grenadiers to form the Royal Regiment of Toronto Grenadiers which subsequently became the known as The Royal Regiment of Canada, 11 February 1939.
Today the battalion is perpetuated by The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada and The Royal Regiment of Canada.
Commanding officers
All three Commanding Officers had previously served in the Canadian Militia with The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada:
August 1914 to November 1915 - Lieutenant Colonel Robert Rennie, MVO (later Major General Rennie, CB, CMG, DSO, MVO, VD)
November 1915 to October 1916 - Lieutenant Colonel William D. Allan, DSO (He died as the results of an earlier wound.)
October 1916 to April 1919 - Lieutenant Colonel Joseph B. Rogers, CMG, DSO, MC
Battle honours
The following battle honours were awarded the regiment for service in France and Belgium (those in capital letters were authorized to be shown on the Regimental Colours):
YPRES 1915
Gravenstafel
ST JULIEN
FESTUBERT 1915
MOUNT SORREL
SOMME 1916
Pozières
Flers-Courcelette
Ancre Heights
Arras 1917
VIMY 1917
Arleux
Scarpe 1917
Hill 70
Ypres, 1917
PASSCHENDAELE
AMIENS
Arras, 1918
Scarpe 1918
DROCOURT-QUEANT
Hindenberg Line
CANAL DU NORD
Pursuit to Mons
France and Flanders 1915-18
Honours Awarded
2 Victoria Crosses (VC)
1 Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)
11 Distinguished Service Order (DSO)
2 Bars to the Distinguished Service Order
1 Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE)
50 Military Crosses
11 Bars to the Military Cross
42 Distinguished Conduct Medals
235 Military Medals
23 Bars to the Military Medal
6 Meritorious Service Medals
9 Foreign Decorations
44 Mentioned in Despatches
See also
List of infantry battalions in the Canadian Expeditionary Force
References
^ "CEF Infantry Battalions" (PDF).
^ a b "3rd Battalion, CEF". www.canadiansoldiers.com. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
^ Cook, Tim (7 March 2017). Vimy. Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0735233164.
^ "Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919: PRISONERS OF WAR, 3RD BATTALION". 8 February 2011.
^ Canadian Forces Publication A-DH-267-003 Insignia and Lineages of the Canadian Forces. Volume 3: Combat Arms Regiments.
^ a b A Brief History of the 3rd Canadian Battalion, CEF Toronto Regiment (no author or date)
^ Lieutenant Colonel Robert Rennie, MVO
External links
Transcribed War Diaries of the 3rd Battalion, CEF 19 October 1914 to 28 February 1919
Canadian Expeditionary Study Group - 3rd Battalion page
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"battalion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battalion"},{"link_name":"Canadian Expeditionary Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Expeditionary_Force"},{"link_name":"First World War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_World_War"},{"link_name":"Toronto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto"},{"link_name":"Queen's Own Rifles of Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Own_Rifles_of_Canada"},{"link_name":"10th Royal Grenadiers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_Royal_Grenadiers"},{"link_name":"Governor General's Body Guard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_General%27s_Body_Guard"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"}],"text":"Military unitThe 3rd Battalion (Toronto Regiment), Canadian Expeditionary Force was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force that saw service in the First World War. It was created on 2 September 1914 with recruits from Toronto, primarily from the Queen's Own Rifles of Canada with additional drafts from the 10th Royal Grenadiers and the Governor General's Body Guard.[1][2]","title":"3rd Battalion (Toronto Regiment), CEF"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mascot3rdBattalionCEF1916.jpg"},{"link_name":"Camp Valcartier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFB_Valcartier"},{"link_name":"Quebec City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_City"},{"link_name":"SS Tunisian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SS_Tunisian&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"1st Canadian Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Canadian_Division"},{"link_name":"1st Canadian Infantry Brigade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Canadian_Infantry_Brigade"},{"link_name":"Vimy Ridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vimy_Ridge"},{"link_name":"Western Front","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)"},{"link_name":"12th Canadian Reserve Battalion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_Canadian_Reserve_Battalion"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"2nd Battle of Ypres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Battle_of_Ypres"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"The mascot of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Battalion, August 1916The battalion organized and trained at Camp Valcartier before sailing for England from Quebec City on board the SS Tunisian on 25 September 1914. They arrived in England on 16 October with a strength of 42 officers and 1123 men. The battalion became part of the 1st Canadian Division, 1st Canadian Infantry Brigade where it saw action at Ypres, Vimy Ridge and along the Western Front. It was later reinforced by the 12th Canadian Reserve Battalion.In the attack on Vimy Ridge, the battalion had a relatively easy time due to very successful artillery barrages but still lost around 150 killed or wounded.[3]286 soldiers of the 3rd Battalion were taken prisoner during the war - all but 21 during the 2nd Battle of Ypres during April and May 1915.[4]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Canadian Militia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Militia"},{"link_name":"The Toronto Regiment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Toronto_Regiment"},{"link_name":"Royal Grenadiers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Grenadiers"},{"link_name":"The Royal Regiment of Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Royal_Regiment_of_Canada"},{"link_name":"The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Own_Rifles_of_Canada"},{"link_name":"The Royal Regiment of Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Royal_Regiment_of_Canada"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"sub_title":"Demobilization, re-organization and perpetuation","text":"The battalion returned to Canada from England on the SS Olympic arriving in Halifax on 21 April 1919, then in Toronto by train and demobilizing in the afternoon of 23 April 1919. Only 40 of the original contingent from 1914 arrived back at the end of the war although others had been demobilized or taken prisoners of war. [See list below.]With the re-organization of the Canadian Militia, it was recreated as The Toronto Regiment by General Order dated 1 May 1920. On 15 December 1936 it was amalgamated with the Royal Grenadiers to form the Royal Regiment of Toronto Grenadiers which subsequently became the known as The Royal Regiment of Canada, 11 February 1939.Today the battalion is perpetuated by The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada and The Royal Regiment of Canada.[5]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Own_Rifles_of_Canada"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"},{"link_name":"Robert Rennie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Rennie"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Lieutenant Colonel William D. Allan, DSO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//qormuseum.org/soldiers-of-the-queens-own/soldiers-a-b-c/soldiers-a/allan-william-donald/"},{"link_name":"Lieutenant Colonel Joseph B. Rogers, CMG, DSO, MC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//qormuseum.org/soldiers-of-the-queens-own/soldier-bios-q-r-s-t-u/soldiers-bios-r/rogers-joseph-bartlett/"}],"text":"All three Commanding Officers had previously served in the Canadian Militia with The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada:[6]August 1914 to November 1915 - Lieutenant Colonel Robert Rennie, MVO[7] (later Major General Rennie, CB, CMG, DSO, MVO, VD)\nNovember 1915 to October 1916 - Lieutenant Colonel William D. Allan, DSO (He died as the results of an earlier wound.)\nOctober 1916 to April 1919 - Lieutenant Colonel Joseph B. Rogers, CMG, DSO, MC","title":"Commanding officers"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"YPRES 1915","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Battle_of_Ypres"},{"link_name":"Gravenstafel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Battle_of_Ypres"},{"link_name":"ST JULIEN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Battle_of_Ypres"},{"link_name":"FESTUBERT 1915","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Festubert"},{"link_name":"MOUNT SORREL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mont_Sorrel"},{"link_name":"SOMME 1916","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme"},{"link_name":"Pozières","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Pozi%C3%A8res"},{"link_name":"Flers-Courcelette","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Flers-Courcelette"},{"link_name":"Ancre Heights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ancre_Heights"},{"link_name":"Arras 1917","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)"},{"link_name":"VIMY 1917","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vimy_Ridge"},{"link_name":"Arleux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Arleux#Battle_of_Arleux"},{"link_name":"Scarpe 1917","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Arleux"},{"link_name":"Hill 70","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_70"},{"link_name":"Ypres, 1917","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Ypres"},{"link_name":"PASSCHENDAELE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele"},{"link_name":"AMIENS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Amiens_(1918)"},{"link_name":"Arras, 1918","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1918)"},{"link_name":"Scarpe 1918","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Scarpe_(1918)"},{"link_name":"DROCOURT-QUEANT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drocourt-Qu%C3%A9ant_Line"},{"link_name":"Hindenberg Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive"},{"link_name":"CANAL DU NORD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Canal_du_Nord"},{"link_name":"Pursuit to Mons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive"},{"link_name":"France and Flanders 1915-18","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_and_Flanders_1915-18"}],"text":"The following battle honours were awarded the regiment for service in France and Belgium (those in capital letters were authorized to be shown on the Regimental Colours):[2]YPRES 1915\nGravenstafel\nST JULIEN\nFESTUBERT 1915\nMOUNT SORREL\nSOMME 1916\n\n\nPozières\nFlers-Courcelette\nAncre Heights\nArras 1917\nVIMY 1917\nArleux\n\n\nScarpe 1917\nHill 70\nYpres, 1917\nPASSCHENDAELE\nAMIENS\nArras, 1918\n\n\nScarpe 1918\nDROCOURT-QUEANT\nHindenberg Line\nCANAL DU NORD\nPursuit to Mons\nFrance and Flanders 1915-18","title":"Battle honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Victoria Crosses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Cross"},{"link_name":"Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George"},{"link_name":"Distinguished Service Order","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order"},{"link_name":"Distinguished Service Order","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order"},{"link_name":"Order of the British Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire"},{"link_name":"Military Crosses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Cross"},{"link_name":"Military Cross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Cross"},{"link_name":"Distinguished Conduct Medals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distinguished_Conduct_Medal"},{"link_name":"Military Medals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Medal"},{"link_name":"Military Medal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Medal"},{"link_name":"Meritorious Service Medals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritorious_Service_Medal_(Canada)"},{"link_name":"Mentioned in Despatches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentioned_in_Despatches"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"}],"text":"2 Victoria Crosses (VC)\n1 Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)\n11 Distinguished Service Order (DSO)\n2 Bars to the Distinguished Service Order\n1 Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE)\n\n\n50 Military Crosses\n11 Bars to the Military Cross\n42 Distinguished Conduct Medals\n235 Military Medals\n\n\n23 Bars to the Military Medal\n6 Meritorious Service Medals\n9 Foreign Decorations\n44 Mentioned in Despatches[6]","title":"Honours Awarded"}]
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[{"image_text":"The mascot of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Battalion, August 1916","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mascot3rdBattalionCEF1916.jpg/220px-Mascot3rdBattalionCEF1916.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"List of infantry battalions in the Canadian Expeditionary Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_infantry_battalions_in_the_Canadian_Expeditionary_Force"}]
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[{"reference":"\"CEF Infantry Battalions\" (PDF).","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/first-world-war/Documents/infantry%20battalions.pdf","url_text":"\"CEF Infantry Battalions\""}]},{"reference":"\"3rd Battalion, CEF\". www.canadiansoldiers.com. Retrieved 2022-02-20.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.canadiansoldiers.com/regiments/cef/003battalion.htm","url_text":"\"3rd Battalion, CEF\""}]},{"reference":"Cook, Tim (7 March 2017). Vimy. Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0735233164.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0735233164","url_text":"978-0735233164"}]},{"reference":"\"Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919: PRISONERS OF WAR, 3RD BATTALION\". 8 February 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://canadianexpeditionaryforce1914-1919.blogspot.ca/2011/02/prisoners-of-war-3rd-battalion.html","url_text":"\"Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919: PRISONERS OF WAR, 3RD BATTALION\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"http://qormuseum.org/soldiers-of-the-queens-own/soldiers-a-b-c/soldiers-a/allan-william-donald/","external_links_name":"Lieutenant Colonel William D. Allan, DSO"},{"Link":"http://qormuseum.org/soldiers-of-the-queens-own/soldier-bios-q-r-s-t-u/soldiers-bios-r/rogers-joseph-bartlett/","external_links_name":"Lieutenant Colonel Joseph B. Rogers, CMG, DSO, MC"},{"Link":"https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/first-world-war/Documents/infantry%20battalions.pdf","external_links_name":"\"CEF Infantry Battalions\""},{"Link":"https://www.canadiansoldiers.com/regiments/cef/003battalion.htm","external_links_name":"\"3rd Battalion, CEF\""},{"Link":"http://canadianexpeditionaryforce1914-1919.blogspot.ca/2011/02/prisoners-of-war-3rd-battalion.html","external_links_name":"\"Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919: PRISONERS OF WAR, 3RD BATTALION\""},{"Link":"http://qormuseum.org/soldiers-of-the-queens-own/soldier-bios-q-r-s-t-u/soldiers-bios-r/rennie-robert/","external_links_name":"Lieutenant Colonel Robert Rennie, MVO"},{"Link":"http://qormuseum.org/history/timeline-1900-1924/the-first-world-war/3rd-battalion-cef-war-diaries-transcription-project/","external_links_name":"Transcribed War Diaries of the 3rd Battalion, CEF"},{"Link":"http://cefresearch.ca/matrix/Army%20Corps/Divisions/1st%20Division/1st%20Infantry%20Brigade/3rd%20Battalion.htm","external_links_name":"Canadian Expeditionary Study Group - 3rd Battalion page"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepdene,_Victoria
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Deepdene, Victoria
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["1 History","2 Education","3 Sport","4 References"]
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Coordinates: 37°48′47″S 145°4′04″E / 37.81306°S 145.06778°E / -37.81306; 145.06778
Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaDeepdeneMelbourne, VictoriaOuter Circle Trail, DeepdeneDeepdeneCoordinates37°48′47″S 145°4′04″E / 37.81306°S 145.06778°E / -37.81306; 145.06778Population2,101 (2021 census)EstablishedApril 2010Postcode(s)3103Location9 km (6 mi) from MelbourneLGA(s)City of BoroondaraState electorate(s)KewFederal division(s)Kooyong
Suburbs around Deepdene:
Kew
Balwyn
Balwyn
Kew
Deepdene
Balwyn
Canterbury
Canterbury
Canterbury
Deepdene is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) east from Melbourne's central business district, located within the City of Boroondara local government area. Deepdene recorded a population of 2,101 at the 2021 census.
Formerly a neighbourhood within the suburb of Balwyn, the Office of Geographic Names officially recognised Deepdene as a bounded locality in April 2010. A proposal to extend the suburb boundaries east to Balwyn Road and north to Belmore Road was voted down by Boroondara Council in April 2014.
History
Deepdene Post Office, on Whitehorse Road, opened on 14 July 1913.
Deepdene railway station was on the Outer Circle railway line, which opened on 24 March 1891 and closed to the public on 9 October 1927 due to lack of passengers. The train which ran on the line was known by locals as the "Deepdene Dasher". A documentary called Melbourne's Forgotten Railway - The Outer Circle, which details the history of the line, was released in 2014.
The railway has been converted into the Outer Circle Railway Anniversary Trail, a walking and cycling path, which includes informative signs detailing the history of the line.
Shops in the period 1959 to 1966 included Mrs Gebbie's haberdashery, Lanyon's grocery store (Lanyon obtained a liquor licence in this historically dry area), a Kevin Dennis car yard, a classic corner milk bar, a hardware store, a garden landscaping supply business, and a commercial bakery.
Education
Our Lady of Good Counsel
Deepdene Primary School
Bambini Early Learning Centre
Sport
Deepdene Uniting Cricket Club (known as the "Deeners") and Deepdene Bears Cricket Club are both based in Deepdene. The suburb is also home to the Deepdene Tennis Club.
References
^ a b "2021 Census QuickStats Deepdene". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
^ City of Boroondara, Deepdene - our newest suburb, archived from the original on 18 March 2012, retrieved 25 July 2011
^ Jo, Davy. "Deepdene will not be extended, after proposal rejected". The Weekly Review Boroondara. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
^ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
^ "The Outer Circle Line". Facebook. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
^ "Outer Circle Railway Anniversary Trail". Boroondara City of Harmony. Boroondara City Council. Archived from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
^ Our Lady of Good Counsel
^ Deepdene Primary School
^ Deepdene Uniting Cricket Club
vteSuburbs of the City of Boroondara
Ashburton
Balwyn
Balwyn North^
Camberwell
Canterbury
Deepdene
Glen Iris^
Hawthorn
Hawthorn East
Kew
Kew East
Mont Albert^
Surrey Hills^
^ = territory divided with another LGA
This article about a place in Melbourne is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Melbourne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne"},{"link_name":"Victoria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)"},{"link_name":"Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia"},{"link_name":"central business district","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne_City_Centre"},{"link_name":"City of Boroondara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Boroondara"},{"link_name":"local government area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Victoria"},{"link_name":"2021 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Australian_census"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ABS2021-1"},{"link_name":"Balwyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balwyn,_Victoria"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CoB-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaDeepdene is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) east from Melbourne's central business district, located within the City of Boroondara local government area. Deepdene recorded a population of 2,101 at the 2021 census.[1]Formerly a neighbourhood within the suburb of Balwyn, the Office of Geographic Names officially recognised Deepdene as a bounded locality in April 2010.[2] A proposal to extend the suburb boundaries east to Balwyn Road and north to Belmore Road was voted down by Boroondara Council in April 2014.[3]","title":"Deepdene, Victoria"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Whitehorse Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maroondah_Highway"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Post_Office-4"},{"link_name":"Deepdene railway station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepdene_railway_station,_Melbourne"},{"link_name":"Outer Circle railway line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_Circle_railway_line"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"haberdashery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haberdasher"},{"link_name":"dry area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_option"},{"link_name":"milk bar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_bar"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Deepdene Post Office, on Whitehorse Road, opened on 14 July 1913.[4]Deepdene railway station was on the Outer Circle railway line, which opened on 24 March 1891 and closed to the public on 9 October 1927 due to lack of passengers. The train which ran on the line was known by locals as the \"Deepdene Dasher\". A documentary called Melbourne's Forgotten Railway - The Outer Circle, which details the history of the line, was released in 2014.[5]The railway has been converted into the Outer Circle Railway Anniversary Trail, a walking and cycling path,[6] which includes informative signs detailing the history of the line.Shops in the period 1959 to 1966 included Mrs Gebbie's haberdashery, Lanyon's grocery store (Lanyon obtained a liquor licence in this historically dry area), a Kevin Dennis car yard, a classic corner milk bar, a hardware store, a garden landscaping supply business, and a commercial bakery.[citation needed]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Our Lady of Good Counsel[7]\nDeepdene Primary School[8]\nBambini Early Learning Centre","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Deepdene Uniting Cricket Club[9] (known as the \"Deeners\") and Deepdene Bears Cricket Club are both based in Deepdene. The suburb is also home to the Deepdene Tennis Club.","title":"Sport"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"2021 Census QuickStats Deepdene\". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 3 July 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL20728","url_text":"\"2021 Census QuickStats Deepdene\""}]},{"reference":"City of Boroondara, Deepdene - our newest suburb, archived from the original on 18 March 2012, retrieved 25 July 2011","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120318001223/http://www.boroondara.vic.gov.au/news/april/deepdene-our-newest-suburb","url_text":"Deepdene - our newest suburb"},{"url":"http://www.boroondara.vic.gov.au/news/april/deepdene-our-newest-suburb","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Jo, Davy. \"Deepdene will not be extended, after proposal rejected\". The Weekly Review Boroondara. Retrieved 5 May 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.theweeklyreviewboroondara.com.au/story/1800524/deepdene-will-not-be-extended-after-proposal-rejected/?nav=Y2F0X2lkLzE=","url_text":"\"Deepdene will not be extended, after proposal rejected\""}]},{"reference":"Premier Postal History. \"Post Office List\". Premier Postal Auctions. Retrieved 26 May 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=VIC&country=","url_text":"\"Post Office List\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Outer Circle Line\". Facebook. Retrieved 14 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.facebook.com/OuterCircleLine","url_text":"\"The Outer Circle Line\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook","url_text":"Facebook"}]},{"reference":"\"Outer Circle Railway Anniversary Trail\". Boroondara City of Harmony. Boroondara City Council. Archived from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170122153739/https://www.boroondara.vic.gov.au/our-city/history/resources/outer-circle-railway","url_text":"\"Outer Circle Railway Anniversary Trail\""},{"url":"https://www.boroondara.vic.gov.au/our-city/history/resources/outer-circle-railway","url_text":"the original"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Deepdene,_Victoria¶ms=37_48_47_S_145_4_04_E_type:city_region:AU-VIC","external_links_name":"37°48′47″S 145°4′04″E / 37.81306°S 145.06778°E / -37.81306; 145.06778"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Deepdene,_Victoria¶ms=37_48_47_S_145_4_04_E_type:city_region:AU-VIC","external_links_name":"37°48′47″S 145°4′04″E / 37.81306°S 145.06778°E / -37.81306; 145.06778"},{"Link":"https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL20728","external_links_name":"\"2021 Census QuickStats Deepdene\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120318001223/http://www.boroondara.vic.gov.au/news/april/deepdene-our-newest-suburb","external_links_name":"Deepdene - our newest suburb"},{"Link":"http://www.boroondara.vic.gov.au/news/april/deepdene-our-newest-suburb","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.theweeklyreviewboroondara.com.au/story/1800524/deepdene-will-not-be-extended-after-proposal-rejected/?nav=Y2F0X2lkLzE=","external_links_name":"\"Deepdene will not be extended, after proposal rejected\""},{"Link":"https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=VIC&country=","external_links_name":"\"Post Office List\""},{"Link":"https://www.facebook.com/OuterCircleLine","external_links_name":"\"The Outer Circle Line\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170122153739/https://www.boroondara.vic.gov.au/our-city/history/resources/outer-circle-railway","external_links_name":"\"Outer Circle Railway Anniversary Trail\""},{"Link":"https://www.boroondara.vic.gov.au/our-city/history/resources/outer-circle-railway","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.olgcdeepdene.catholic.edu.au/","external_links_name":"Our Lady of Good Counsel"},{"Link":"http://www.deepdeneps.vic.edu.au/","external_links_name":"Deepdene Primary School"},{"Link":"http://www.deeners.com/","external_links_name":"Deepdene Uniting Cricket Club"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepdene,_Victoria&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatherleigh,_South_Australia
|
Hatherleigh, South Australia
|
["1 References"]
|
Coordinates: 37°29′32″S 140°16′23″E / 37.492175°S 140.273069°E / -37.492175; 140.273069
Town in South AustraliaHatherleighSouth AustraliaHatherleighCoordinates37°29′32″S 140°16′23″E / 37.492175°S 140.273069°E / -37.492175; 140.273069Population154 (SAL 2021)Established20 November 1879 (town)23 February 1995 (locality)Postcode(s)5280Time zoneACST (UTC+9:30) • Summer (DST)ACST (UTC+10:30)Location 322 km (200 mi) SE of Adelaide 15 km (9 mi) NW of Millicent LGA(s)Wattle Range CouncilRegionLimestone CoastState electorate(s)MackillopFederal division(s)Barker
Localities around Hatherleigh:
Thornlea
Furner
Furner
ThornleaRendelsham
Hatherleigh
FurnerSebastopol
Rendelsham
RendelshamSebastopol
Sebastopol
FootnotesAdjoining localities
Hatherleigh is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located in the state's Limestone Coast region about 322 kilometres (200 mi) south-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north-west of the municipal seat in Millicent.
Hatherleigh is located within the federal Division of Barker and the state Electoral district of Mackillop, and within the local government area of the Wattle Range Council.
References
^ a b c d e f "Search results for 'Hatherleigh, LOCB' with the following datasets being selected - 'Suburbs and Localities', 'Government Towns', 'Counties', 'Local Government Areas', 'SA Government Regions', and 'Gazetteer'". Location SA Map Viewer. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Hatherleigh (suburb and locality)". Australian Census 2021 QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
^ a b "Postcode for Hatherleigh, South Australia". Postcodes Australia. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
vteTowns and localities of the Wattle Range Council
Beachport
Bool Lagoon
Bray (part)
Burrungule
Canunda
Clay Wells (part)
Comaum
Coonawarra
Furner
German Flat
Glencoe
Glenroy
Hatherleigh
Kalangadoo
Kangaroo Inn (part)
Koorine
Krongart
Maaoupe
Magarey
Millicent
Moerlong
Mount Burr
Mount McIntyre
Monbulla
Nora Creina (part)
Nangwarry
Penola
Rendelsham
Rocky Camp
Sebastopol
Short
Southend
Tantanoola (part)
Thornlea
Wattle Range
Wattle Range East
Wepar
Former localities
Trihi
This South Australia geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"South Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australia"},{"link_name":"Limestone Coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone_Coast"},{"link_name":"Adelaide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide_city_centre"},{"link_name":"Millicent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millicent,_South_Australia"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LMV-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-postcode-3"},{"link_name":"Division of Barker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_of_Barker"},{"link_name":"Electoral district of Mackillop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Mackillop"},{"link_name":"Wattle Range Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wattle_Range_Council"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LMV-1"}],"text":"Town in South AustraliaHatherleigh is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located in the state's Limestone Coast region about 322 kilometres (200 mi) south-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north-west of the municipal seat in Millicent.[1][3]Hatherleigh is located within the federal Division of Barker and the state Electoral district of Mackillop, and within the local government area of the Wattle Range Council.[1]","title":"Hatherleigh, South Australia"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Search results for 'Hatherleigh, LOCB' with the following datasets being selected - 'Suburbs and Localities', 'Government Towns', 'Counties', 'Local Government Areas', 'SA Government Regions', and 'Gazetteer'\". Location SA Map Viewer. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 9 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://location.sa.gov.au/viewer/?map=roads&x=140.36184&y=-37.47169&z=12&uids=19,2,115,11,20,105&pinx=140.274460&piny=-37.490720&pinTitle=Location&pinText=Hatherleigh,+Locb","url_text":"\"Search results for 'Hatherleigh, LOCB' with the following datasets being selected - 'Suburbs and Localities', 'Government Towns', 'Counties', 'Local Government Areas', 'SA Government Regions', and 'Gazetteer'\""}]},{"reference":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). \"Hatherleigh (suburb and locality)\". Australian Census 2021 QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics","url_text":"Australian Bureau of Statistics"},{"url":"https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL40571","url_text":"\"Hatherleigh (suburb and locality)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Postcode for Hatherleigh, South Australia\". Postcodes Australia. Retrieved 9 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://postcodes-australia.com/areas/sa/country+south+australia/hatherleigh","url_text":"\"Postcode for Hatherleigh, South Australia\""}]}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_10th_Earl_of_Argyll
|
Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll
|
["1 Biography","2 References"]
|
Scottish peer
The Duke of Argyll1st Duke of ArgyllIn office1701–170310th Earl of ArgyllIn office1685–1703
Personal detailsBorn25 July 1658DiedSeptember 1703ParentsArchibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll (father)Mary Stuart (mother)
Arms of the Dukes of Argyll
Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll, 10th Earl of Argyll (25 July 1658 – September 1703) was a Scottish peer.
Biography
The eldest son of Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll and Mary Stuart, daughter of James Stuart, 4th Earl of Moray, Campbell sought to recover his father's estates (by gaining King James VII's favour). However, after failing to do so, he went to The Hague and supported William and Mary's quest for the throne; this important support later led to the monarchs returning his father's estate in 1690. In spite of the attainder, he was admitted in 1689 to the Convention of the Estates of Scotland as earl of Argyll, and he was deputed, with Sir James Montgomery and Sir John Dalrymple, to present the crown to William in its name, and to tender him the coronation oath. Also, he was made a Privy Councillor. He was William's chief Scottish advisor, and was colonel-in-chief of the Earl of Argyll's Regiment of Foot, that was involved in the 1692 massacre of the MacDonalds of Glen Coe, but took no part in any of its field operations. In 1696 he was made a lord of the treasury, and was created a duke in 1701.
On 12 March 1678, he married Elizabeth Tollemache (daughter of Elizabeth and Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet) at Edinburgh, Scotland. Elizabeth's stepfather John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale was a dominant figure in Scottish politics of the era. They had four children, born at Ham House outside London:
John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll (10 October 1680 – 4 October 1743)
Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll (June 1682 – 15 April 1761)
Lady Margaret Campbell (2 June 1690 – died bef 1703), not mentioned in father's will
Lady Anne Campbell (12 Jan 1692 – 20 October 1736), m. James Stuart, 2nd Earl of Bute
The 1st Duke of Argyll is buried at Kilmun Parish Church.
References
^ "Archibald Campbell (1658–1703)". National Records of Scotland. 31 May 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
^ a b Yorke & Chisholm 1911.
^ "Testament of Archibald Campbell, Duke of Argyll" (PDF). National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Yorke, Philip Chesney; Chisholm, Hugh (1911). "Argyll, Earls and Dukes of s.v. Archibald Campbell, 1st duke of Argyll". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 485.
Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1886). "Campbell, Archibald (d.1703)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 8. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Military offices
Preceded byThe Duke of Queensberry
Captain and Colonel of theScots Troop of Horse Guards 1696–1703
Succeeded byThe Duke of Argyll
Peerage of Scotland
New creation
Duke of Argyll 1701–1703
Succeeded byJohn Campbell
Preceded byArchibald Campbell
Earl of Argyll 1685–1703
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
VIAF
National
France
BnF data
Germany
United States
People
Deutsche Biographie
Other
SNAC
|
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|
[{"image_text":"Arms of the Dukes of Argyll","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Argyll.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Argyll.svg.png"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Archibald Campbell (1658–1703)\". National Records of Scotland. 31 May 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-a-z/campbell-archibald","url_text":"\"Archibald Campbell (1658–1703)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Testament of Archibald Campbell, Duke of Argyll\" (PDF). National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 22 October 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//research/famous-scots/campbell-archibald-will-transcript.pdf","url_text":"\"Testament of Archibald Campbell, Duke of Argyll\""}]},{"reference":"Yorke, Philip Chesney; Chisholm, Hugh (1911). \"Argyll, Earls and Dukes of s.v. Archibald Campbell, 1st duke of Argyll\". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 485.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm","url_text":"Chisholm, Hugh"},{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Argyll,_Earls_and_Dukes_of","url_text":"Argyll, Earls and Dukes of s.v. Archibald Campbell, 1st duke of Argyll"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm","url_text":"Chisholm, Hugh"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition","url_text":"Encyclopædia Britannica"}]},{"reference":"Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1886). \"Campbell, Archibald (d.1703)\" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 8. London: Smith, Elder & Co.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Stephen","url_text":"Stephen, Leslie"},{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Campbell,_Archibald_(d.1703)","url_text":"\"Campbell, Archibald (d.1703)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Dictionary of National Biography"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-a-z/campbell-archibald","external_links_name":"\"Archibald Campbell (1658–1703)\""},{"Link":"https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//research/famous-scots/campbell-archibald-will-transcript.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Testament of Archibald Campbell, Duke of Argyll\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Campbell,_Archibald_(d.1703)","external_links_name":"\"Campbell, Archibald (d.1703)\""},{"Link":"http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1805082/","external_links_name":"FAST"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000051052936","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/26929949","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16296956r","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16296956r","external_links_name":"BnF data"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/1036488772","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr92033404","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1036488772.html?language=en","external_links_name":"Deutsche Biographie"},{"Link":"https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6f78528","external_links_name":"SNAC"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lot_36,_Prince_Edward_Island
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Lot 36, Prince Edward Island
|
["1 References"]
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Coordinates: 46°16′00″N 62°54′00″W / 46.2667°N 62.9°W / 46.2667; -62.9
Township in Prince Edward Island, CanadaLot 36, Prince Edward IslandTownshipMap of Prince Edward Island highlighting Lot 36CountryCanadaProvincePrince Edward IslandCountyQueens CountyParishBedford ParishArea • Total32.83 sq mi (85.04 km2)Population (2006) • Total761 • Density23/sq mi (8.9/km2)Canadian Postal codeC0AArea code902NTS Map011L07GNBC CodeBAERW
Lot 36 is a township in Queens County, Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is part of Bedford Parish. Lot 36 was awarded to merchants George Spence and John Mill in the 1767 land lottery. It was sold to Donald MacDonald in 1775.
References
^ a b Stats Canada 2001
^ Clark, Andrew Hill (1959). Three Centuries and the Island. Toronto Press. pp. Appendix B.
vteSubdivisions of Prince Edward IslandSubdivisions
Counties
Parishes
Townships
Municipalities
Population centres
Cities
Charlottetown
Summerside
Towns
Alberton
Borden-Carleton
Cornwall
Kensington
North Rustico
O'Leary
Souris
Stratford
Three Rivers
Tignish
Ruralmunicipalities
Abram-Village
Alexandra
Annandale-Little Pond-Howe Bay
Bedeque and Area
Belfast
Brackley
Breadalbane
Central Kings
Central Prince
Clyde River
Crapaud
Darlington
Eastern Kings
Greenmount-Montrose
Hampshire
Hazelbrook
Hunter River
Kingston
Kinkora
Linkletter
Lot 11 and Area
Malpeque Bay
Miltonvale Park
Miminegash
Miscouche
Morell
Mount Stewart
Murray Harbour
Murray River
North Shore
North Wiltshire
Northport
Sherbrooke
Souris West
St. Felix
St. Louis
St. Nicholas
St. Peters Bay
Tignish Shore
Tyne Valley
Union Road
Victoria
Warren Grove
Wellington
West River
York
Resortmunicipalities
Stanley Bridge, Hope River, Bayview, Cavendish and North Rustico
FormermunicipalitiesTowns
Borden
Georgetown
Montague
Parkdale
Communities
Bedeque
Bunbury
Central Bedeque
Cross Roads
East Royalty
Eliot River
Hillsborough Park
Keppoch-Kinlock
North River
Sherwood
Southport
St. Eleanors
West Royalty
Wilmot
Winsloe
Winsloe South
Rural municipalities
Afton
Bonshaw
Brudenell
Cardigan
Ellerslie-Bideford
Grand Tracadie
Lady Slipper
Lorne Valley
Lower Montague
Meadowbank
New Haven-Riverdale
Pleasant Grove
Valleyfield
Unincorporatedcommunities
Albany
Augustine Cove
Belmont
Cavendish
Foxley River
Freeland
Hebron
Knutsford
Long River
Mont-Carmel
Rusticoville
Townships
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
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57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
Category:Prince Edward Island
Portal:Canada
WikiProject:Prince Edward Island
46°16′00″N 62°54′00″W / 46.2667°N 62.9°W / 46.2667; -62.9
This Prince Edward Island location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Queens County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens_County,_Prince_Edward_Island"},{"link_name":"Prince Edward Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island"},{"link_name":"Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"},{"link_name":"Bedford Parish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford_Parish,_Prince_Edward_Island"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Township in Prince Edward Island, CanadaLot 36 is a township in Queens County, Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is part of Bedford Parish. Lot 36 was awarded to merchants George Spence and John Mill in the 1767 land lottery. It was sold to Donald MacDonald in 1775.[2]","title":"Lot 36, Prince Edward Island"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Clark, Andrew Hill (1959). Three Centuries and the Island. Toronto Press. pp. Appendix B.","urls":[]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lot_36,_Prince_Edward_Island¶ms=46.2667_N_62.9_W_type:city_region:CA_source:frwiki","external_links_name":"46°16′00″N 62°54′00″W / 46.2667°N 62.9°W / 46.2667; -62.9"},{"Link":"http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1102052&Geo2=PR&Code2=11&Data=Count&SearchText=Lot%2034&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=11&B1=All&Custom=","external_links_name":"Stats Canada 2001"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lot_36,_Prince_Edward_Island¶ms=46.2667_N_62.9_W_type:city_region:CA_source:frwiki","external_links_name":"46°16′00″N 62°54′00″W / 46.2667°N 62.9°W / 46.2667; -62.9"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lot_36,_Prince_Edward_Island&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verona,_Mississippi
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Verona, Mississippi
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["1 History","2 Geography","2.1 Climate","3 Demographics","3.1 2020 census","3.2 2000 census","4 Education","5 Notable people","6 References"]
|
Coordinates: 34°11′18″N 88°43′5″W / 34.18833°N 88.71806°W / 34.18833; -88.71806
City in Mississippi, United StatesVerona, MississippiCityCity of Verona
FlagLocation within Lee County and the State of MississippiVerona, MississippiLocation within the contiguous United States of AmericaCoordinates: 34°11′18″N 88°43′5″W / 34.18833°N 88.71806°W / 34.18833; -88.71806Country United StatesState MississippiCountyLeeSettled1857CharteredJuly 1860Named forVerona, ItalyArea • Total3.71 sq mi (9.60 km2) • Land3.67 sq mi (9.51 km2) • Water0.04 sq mi (0.09 km2)Elevation325 ft (99 m)Population (2020) • Total2,792 • Density760.35/sq mi (293.54/km2)Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST)) • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)ZIP code38879Area code662FIPS code28-76560GNIS feature ID0679211Websitecityofverona.org
Verona is a city in Lee County, Mississippi. The population was 2,792 at the 2020 census, down from 3,006 at the 2010 census.
History
Verona was settled in 1857 with the construction of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, and was chartered in July 1860, making it the oldest city in Lee County.
In 1863 during the American Civil War, Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest set up his headquarters in Verona. On December 25, 1864, Union cavalry led by general Benjamin Grierson raided Verona's supply depot.
Geography
Verona is located at 34°11′18″N 88°43′5″W / 34.18833°N 88.71806°W / 34.18833; -88.71806 (34.188350, -88.718083).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.8 square miles (9.8 km2), of which 3.7 square miles (9.6 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) (0.80%) is water.
Climate
Climate data for Verona Experiment Station, Mississippi (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1987–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °F (°C)
78(26)
82(28)
88(31)
94(34)
99(37)
104(40)
104(40)
106(41)
101(38)
95(35)
90(32)
80(27)
106(41)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
52.8(11.6)
57.2(14.0)
66.3(19.1)
74.8(23.8)
83.1(28.4)
89.5(31.9)
92.4(33.6)
92.3(33.5)
87.6(30.9)
76.8(24.9)
64.7(18.2)
55.7(13.2)
74.4(23.6)
Daily mean °F (°C)
42.6(5.9)
46.2(7.9)
54.6(12.6)
62.9(17.2)
71.7(22.1)
78.9(26.1)
82.1(27.8)
81.3(27.4)
75.6(24.2)
64.0(17.8)
52.7(11.5)
45.4(7.4)
63.2(17.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
32.5(0.3)
35.2(1.8)
42.9(6.1)
51.0(10.6)
60.4(15.8)
68.4(20.2)
71.8(22.1)
70.4(21.3)
63.7(17.6)
51.1(10.6)
40.8(4.9)
35.1(1.7)
51.9(11.1)
Record low °F (°C)
5(−15)
3(−16)
14(−10)
27(−3)
37(3)
49(9)
52(11)
53(12)
41(5)
28(−2)
18(−8)
−4(−20)
−4(−20)
Average precipitation inches (mm)
5.19(132)
5.29(134)
5.64(143)
5.54(141)
5.34(136)
4.80(122)
4.65(118)
4.04(103)
3.82(97)
4.35(110)
4.58(116)
6.10(155)
59.34(1,507)
Average snowfall inches (cm)
0.0(0.0)
0.0(0.0)
0.0(0.0)
0.0(0.0)
0.0(0.0)
0.0(0.0)
0.0(0.0)
0.0(0.0)
0.0(0.0)
0.0(0.0)
0.0(0.0)
0.0(0.0)
0.0(0.0)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
9.9
9.7
10.3
8.3
9.6
9.8
9.2
7.6
6.4
6.8
9.0
11.0
107.6
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Source: NOAA
Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1880596—1890465−22.0%1900456−1.9%191055822.4%1920500−10.4%193055410.8%1940526−5.1%195058912.0%196082439.9%19701,877127.8%19802,49733.0%19902,89315.9%20003,33415.2%20103,006−9.8%20202,792−7.1%U.S. Decennial Census
2020 census
Verona Racial Composition
Race
Num.
Perc.
White
441
15.8%
Black or African American
2,205
78.98%
Native American
5
0.18%
Asian
1
0.04%
Pacific Islander
3
0.11%
Other/Mixed
82
2.94%
Hispanic or Latino
55
1.97%
As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 2,792 people, 1,282 households, and 636 families residing in the city.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,334 people, 1,276 households, and 831 families residing in the city. The population density was 891.4 inhabitants per square mile (344.2/km2). There were 1,472 housing units at an average density of 393.6 per square mile (152.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 38.78% White, 57.68% African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 1.65% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.22% of the population.
There were 1,276 households, out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.1% were married couples living together, 22.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.22.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 33.1% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 17.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $26,117, and the median income for a family was $30,255. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $18,305 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,092. About 18.5% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.9% of those under age 18 and 22.6% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Verona is served by the Lee County School District.
Notable people
Roddy Burdine, former owner of the now-defunct department store Burdines
Winfield R. Gaylord, minister and member of the Wisconsin State Senate from 1909 to 1913
Chester W. Taylor, member of the United States House of Representatives from 1921 to 1923
References
^ a b c d "Raymond family's Heritage House part of Verona's history". Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal. June 17, 2021. Archived from the original on November 4, 2023. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
^ "NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Lee County, MS" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 1, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022. - Text list
^ "Miami Pioneer Freeman Burdine". miami-history.com. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
^ The Wisconsin Blue Book. Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. 1909. p. 1095.
^ Pruden, William H. III. "Taylor, Chester William". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
vteMunicipalities and communities of Lee County, Mississippi, United StatesCounty seat: TupeloCities
Baldwyn‡
Guntown
Saltillo
Tupelo
Verona
Map of Mississippi highlighting Lee CountyTowns
Nettleton‡
Plantersville
Shannon
Sherman‡
CDP
Mooreville
Othercommunities
Barrett Ridge
Belden
Brewer
Eggville
Jug Fork
Ghost town
Pontocola
Footnotes‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
Mississippi portal
United States portal
Portals: Cities Mississippi
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
Israel
United States
Geographic
MusicBrainz area
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lee County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_County,_Mississippi"},{"link_name":"Mississippi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi"},{"link_name":"2020 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_Census"}],"text":"City in Mississippi, United StatesVerona is a city in Lee County, Mississippi. The population was 2,792 at the 2020 census, down from 3,006 at the 2010 census.","title":"Verona, Mississippi"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mobile and Ohio Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_and_Ohio_Railroad"},{"link_name":"Lee County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_County,_Mississippi"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HeritageHouse-1"},{"link_name":"American Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"Confederate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Army"},{"link_name":"Nathan Bedford Forrest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Bedford_Forrest"},{"link_name":"Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Army"},{"link_name":"Benjamin Grierson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Grierson"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HeritageHouse-1"}],"text":"Verona was settled in 1857 with the construction of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, and was chartered in July 1860, making it the oldest city in Lee County.[1]In 1863 during the American Civil War, Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest set up his headquarters in Verona. On December 25, 1864, Union cavalry led by general Benjamin Grierson raided Verona's supply depot.[1]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"34°11′18″N 88°43′5″W / 34.18833°N 88.71806°W / 34.18833; -88.71806","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Verona,_Mississippi¶ms=34_11_18_N_88_43_5_W_type:city"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR1-3"},{"link_name":"United States Census Bureau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau"}],"text":"Verona is located at 34°11′18″N 88°43′5″W / 34.18833°N 88.71806°W / 34.18833; -88.71806 (34.188350, -88.718083).[3]According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.8 square miles (9.8 km2), of which 3.7 square miles (9.6 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) (0.80%) is water.","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"precipitation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation"},{"link_name":"NOAA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NOWData-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NCEI-5"}],"sub_title":"Climate","text":"Climate data for Verona Experiment Station, Mississippi (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1987–present)\n\n\nMonth\n\nJan\n\nFeb\n\nMar\n\nApr\n\nMay\n\nJun\n\nJul\n\nAug\n\nSep\n\nOct\n\nNov\n\nDec\n\nYear\n\n\nRecord high °F (°C)\n\n78(26)\n\n82(28)\n\n88(31)\n\n94(34)\n\n99(37)\n\n104(40)\n\n104(40)\n\n106(41)\n\n101(38)\n\n95(35)\n\n90(32)\n\n80(27)\n\n106(41)\n\n\nMean daily maximum °F (°C)\n\n52.8(11.6)\n\n57.2(14.0)\n\n66.3(19.1)\n\n74.8(23.8)\n\n83.1(28.4)\n\n89.5(31.9)\n\n92.4(33.6)\n\n92.3(33.5)\n\n87.6(30.9)\n\n76.8(24.9)\n\n64.7(18.2)\n\n55.7(13.2)\n\n74.4(23.6)\n\n\nDaily mean °F (°C)\n\n42.6(5.9)\n\n46.2(7.9)\n\n54.6(12.6)\n\n62.9(17.2)\n\n71.7(22.1)\n\n78.9(26.1)\n\n82.1(27.8)\n\n81.3(27.4)\n\n75.6(24.2)\n\n64.0(17.8)\n\n52.7(11.5)\n\n45.4(7.4)\n\n63.2(17.3)\n\n\nMean daily minimum °F (°C)\n\n32.5(0.3)\n\n35.2(1.8)\n\n42.9(6.1)\n\n51.0(10.6)\n\n60.4(15.8)\n\n68.4(20.2)\n\n71.8(22.1)\n\n70.4(21.3)\n\n63.7(17.6)\n\n51.1(10.6)\n\n40.8(4.9)\n\n35.1(1.7)\n\n51.9(11.1)\n\n\nRecord low °F (°C)\n\n5(−15)\n\n3(−16)\n\n14(−10)\n\n27(−3)\n\n37(3)\n\n49(9)\n\n52(11)\n\n53(12)\n\n41(5)\n\n28(−2)\n\n18(−8)\n\n−4(−20)\n\n−4(−20)\n\n\nAverage precipitation inches (mm)\n\n5.19(132)\n\n5.29(134)\n\n5.64(143)\n\n5.54(141)\n\n5.34(136)\n\n4.80(122)\n\n4.65(118)\n\n4.04(103)\n\n3.82(97)\n\n4.35(110)\n\n4.58(116)\n\n6.10(155)\n\n59.34(1,507)\n\n\nAverage snowfall inches (cm)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n0.0(0.0)\n\n\nAverage precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)\n\n9.9\n\n9.7\n\n10.3\n\n8.3\n\n9.6\n\n9.8\n\n9.2\n\n7.6\n\n6.4\n\n6.8\n\n9.0\n\n11.0\n\n107.6\n\n\nAverage snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)\n\n0.0\n\n0.0\n\n0.0\n\n0.0\n\n0.0\n\n0.0\n\n0.0\n\n0.0\n\n0.0\n\n0.0\n\n0.0\n\n0.0\n\n0.0\n\n\nSource: NOAA[4][5]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2020 United States Census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_Census"}],"sub_title":"2020 census","text":"As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 2,792 people, 1,282 households, and 636 families residing in the city.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR2-8"},{"link_name":"White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Native American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Asian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"other races","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Hispanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Latino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"married couples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage"},{"link_name":"per capita income","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_income"},{"link_name":"poverty line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line"}],"sub_title":"2000 census","text":"As of the census[8] of 2000, there were 3,334 people, 1,276 households, and 831 families residing in the city. The population density was 891.4 inhabitants per square mile (344.2/km2). There were 1,472 housing units at an average density of 393.6 per square mile (152.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 38.78% White, 57.68% African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 1.65% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.22% of the population.There were 1,276 households, out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.1% were married couples living together, 22.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.22.In the city, the population was spread out, with 33.1% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 17.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.4 males.The median income for a household in the city was $26,117, and the median income for a family was $30,255. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $18,305 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,092. About 18.5% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.9% of those under age 18 and 22.6% of those age 65 or over.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lee County School District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_County_School_District_(Mississippi)"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Verona is served by the Lee County School District.[9]","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Roddy Burdine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roddy_Burdine"},{"link_name":"Burdines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdines"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Winfield R. Gaylord","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield_R._Gaylord"},{"link_name":"Wisconsin State Senate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin_State_Senate"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Chester W. Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_W._Taylor"},{"link_name":"United States House of Representatives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"Roddy Burdine, former owner of the now-defunct department store Burdines[10]\nWinfield R. Gaylord, minister and member of the Wisconsin State Senate from 1909 to 1913[11]\nChester W. Taylor, member of the United States House of Representatives from 1921 to 1923[12]","title":"Notable people"}]
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[{"image_text":"Map of Mississippi highlighting Lee County","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Lee_County.svg/62px-Map_of_Mississippi_highlighting_Lee_County.svg.png"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Raymond family's Heritage House part of Verona's history\". Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal. June 17, 2021. Archived from the original on November 4, 2023. Retrieved November 4, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.djournal.com/raymond-familys-heritage-house-part-of-veronas-history/article_b3d15cf7-d0ef-52ce-9d61-6bb8a1a285d9.html","url_text":"\"Raymond family's Heritage House part of Verona's history\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231104185627/https://www.djournal.com/raymond-familys-heritage-house-part-of-veronas-history/article_b3d15cf7-d0ef-52ce-9d61-6bb8a1a285d9.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_28.txt","url_text":"\"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files\""}]},{"reference":"\"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990\". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html","url_text":"\"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data\". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 4, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=meg","url_text":"\"NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data\""}]},{"reference":"\"Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020\". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 4, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00229173&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL","url_text":"\"Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020\""}]},{"reference":"\"Census of Population and Housing\". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html","url_text":"\"Census of Population and Housing\""}]},{"reference":"\"Explore Census Data\". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 8, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2876560&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2","url_text":"\"Explore Census Data\""}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Lee County, MS\" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 1, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st28_ms/schooldistrict_maps/c28081_lee/DC20SD_C28081.pdf","url_text":"\"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Lee County, MS\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau","url_text":"U.S. Census Bureau"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220801001436/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st28_ms/schooldistrict_maps/c28081_lee/DC20SD_C28081.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Miami Pioneer Freeman Burdine\". miami-history.com. Retrieved January 19, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://miami-history.com/news/miami-pioneer-freeman-burdine/","url_text":"\"Miami Pioneer Freeman Burdine\""}]},{"reference":"The Wisconsin Blue Book. Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. 1909. p. 1095.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=PFLlAAAAMAAJ","url_text":"The Wisconsin Blue Book"}]},{"reference":"Pruden, William H. III. \"Taylor, Chester William\". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved January 19, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/chester-william-taylor-4658/","url_text":"\"Taylor, Chester William\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Verona,_Mississippi¶ms=34_11_18_N_88_43_5_W_region:US_type:city","external_links_name":"34°11′18″N 88°43′5″W / 34.18833°N 88.71806°W / 34.18833; -88.71806"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Verona,_Mississippi¶ms=34_11_18_N_88_43_5_W_region:US_type:city","external_links_name":"34°11′18″N 88°43′5″W / 34.18833°N 88.71806°W / 34.18833; -88.71806"},{"Link":"http://cityofverona.org/","external_links_name":"cityofverona.org"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Verona,_Mississippi¶ms=34_11_18_N_88_43_5_W_type:city","external_links_name":"34°11′18″N 88°43′5″W / 34.18833°N 88.71806°W / 34.18833; -88.71806"},{"Link":"https://www.djournal.com/raymond-familys-heritage-house-part-of-veronas-history/article_b3d15cf7-d0ef-52ce-9d61-6bb8a1a285d9.html","external_links_name":"\"Raymond family's Heritage House part of Verona's history\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231104185627/https://www.djournal.com/raymond-familys-heritage-house-part-of-veronas-history/article_b3d15cf7-d0ef-52ce-9d61-6bb8a1a285d9.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_28.txt","external_links_name":"\"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files\""},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html","external_links_name":"\"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990\""},{"Link":"https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=meg","external_links_name":"\"NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data\""},{"Link":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00229173&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL","external_links_name":"\"Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020\""},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html","external_links_name":"\"Census of Population and Housing\""},{"Link":"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2876560&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2","external_links_name":"\"Explore Census Data\""},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/","external_links_name":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"Link":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st28_ms/schooldistrict_maps/c28081_lee/DC20SD_C28081.pdf","external_links_name":"\"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Lee County, MS\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220801001436/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st28_ms/schooldistrict_maps/c28081_lee/DC20SD_C28081.pdf","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st28_ms/schooldistrict_maps/c28081_lee/DC20SD_C28081_SD2MS.txt","external_links_name":"Text list"},{"Link":"https://miami-history.com/news/miami-pioneer-freeman-burdine/","external_links_name":"\"Miami Pioneer Freeman Burdine\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=PFLlAAAAMAAJ","external_links_name":"The Wisconsin Blue Book"},{"Link":"https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/chester-william-taylor-4658/","external_links_name":"\"Taylor, Chester William\""},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/152622702","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007535876305171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n98030097","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/area/7282d373-ddd7-4692-b695-00e2d1b03314","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz area"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Nall-Cain,_3rd_Baron_Brocket
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Charles Nall-Cain, 3rd Baron Brocket
|
["1 Biography","2 Marriage and family history","3 References","4 External links"]
|
British baron and television presenter (born 1952)
The Right HonourableThe Lord BrocketBorn (1952-02-12) 12 February 1952 (age 72)NationalityBritishEducationEton CollegeOccupation(s)British peer, television star, business ownerTelevisionI'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!Scream! If You Want to Get OffBad Lads ArmyCan't Pay? We'll Take It Away! Season 5 episode 15, Where he owed an outstanding writ for £7,700Criminal chargeInsurance fraudCriminal penaltyFive years imprisonmentCriminal statusTime servedSpouse(s)Isabell Maria Lorenzo (1982–1994) (divorced) Harriet Victoria Warren (2006–present)Children5RelativesRonald Nall-Cain, 2nd Baron Brocket (grandfather)
Charles Ronald George Nall-Cain, 3rd Baron Brocket (born 12 February 1952), also known as Charlie Brocket, is a peer, business owner and television presenter from the United Kingdom. He was jailed for insurance fraud in 1996.
Biography
Brocket is the son of Ronald Nall-Cain and Elizabeth Trotter. His father died when he was nine years old. Aged fifteen, he became the 3rd Baron Brocket on the death of his grandfather, Arthur Nall-Cain, 2nd Baron Brocket, also inheriting Brocket Hall in Hertfordshire. The Hall was in a poor state of repair, and he has since converted it into a hotel and conference venue. He still owns the hall through a trust which leases it to a German consortium. The lease will expire after fifty years.
An Old Etonian, Lord Brocket served in the 14th/20th King's Hussars as a Lieutenant in Germany. He became known as a playboy and, in the 1980s and early 1990s, for his collection of classic cars, once owning forty-two Ferraris. He was convicted of insurance fraud in 1996 and sentenced to five years in prison, of which he served two and a half years.
In 2004, he was a contestant on the third series of I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!. Finishing in fourth place, his new-found fame turned him into a popular TV celebrity, yielding almost £1 million in offers. His autobiography, Call Me Charlie, was published in hardback in September 2004, coming in the Top 10 Best Sellers list of that year.
Brocket hosted the ITV game show Scream! If You Want to Get Off, and presented Privates Exposed, a behind-the-scenes programme for Lads Army, on ITV2.
In 2007, he launched his own Brocket Hall Foods range of groceries.
In 2017, Brocket was featured in an episode of Can't Pay? We'll Take It Away! (Season 5, Episode 15).
Marriage and family history
In 1982, he married former Vogue model Isabell Maria Lorenzo. They had three children (including Antalya, Princess of Prussia as wife of Prince Frederick Alexander of Prussia, descendant of Queen Victoria). He and Isabell Maria Lorenzo were divorced in 1994.
In 2006 he married Harriet Victoria Warren. They had two children.
Coat of arms of Charles Nall-Cain, 3rd Baron Brocket
Notes
Granted 29 October 1928 by Sir Nevile Rodwell Wilkinson, Ulster King of Arms.
Crest
On wreaths of the colours 1st a cat saliant guardant Erminois holding between the paws a dexter hand couped Gules (Cain) 2nd a bee Proper between two roses Gules barbed seeded stalked and leaved Proper (Nall).
Escutcheon
Quarterly 1st & 4th Argent three salmon haurient Gules in chief an oak tree eradicated Proper (Cain) 2nd & 3rd Argent a bee Proper between three roses Gules (Nall).
Supporters
Two cats guardant Erminois
Motto
Felis Demucta Mitis
References
^ a b c Graham, Natalie (2004) "Fame & Fortune: Celebrity peer no longer lords it up", The Times, 19 September 2004, retrieved 6 November 2010
^ Simpson, Richard (2004) "Portrait of a driver: Lord Brocket", The Daily Telegraph, 27 November 2004, retrieved 6 November 2010
^ Walker, Esther (2007) "Bangers & cash: How Charlie Brocket reinvented himself as a purveyor of eco-friendly sausages", The Independent, 27 September 2007, retrieved 6 November 2010
^ Walker, Tim (2008) "When Lord Brocket hits the fan", The Daily Telegraph, 12 April 2008, retrieved 6 November 2010
^ Lord Charles Brocket (2004) Call me Charlie: The Autobiography of Lord Brocket, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 978-0-7432-6363-4
^ "Lord Charlie Brocket launches own groceries range Archived 26 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine", TalkingRetail.com, 10 October 2007, retrieved 6 November 2010
^ ""Can't Pay? We'll Take It Away!" Episode #5.15 (TV Episode 2017) - IMDb". IMDb. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
^ "Grants and Confirmations of Arms". National Library of Ireland. p. 237. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
^ Debrett's Peerage. 2019.
External links
Lord Brocket on Twitter
H Talent Management Lord Charles Brocket Client Biography
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded byArthur Nall-Cain
Baron Brocket 1967–present
IncumbentHeir apparent:Alexander Nall-Cain
vteCurrent hereditary barons of the United Kingdom Sorted by (historical) entity at time of grantKing George III
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John Manners, 6th Baron Manners
The Prince Regent
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King George IV
Thomas Liddell, 9th Baron Ravensworth
Hugh Cholmondeley, 5th Baron Delamere
Charles Weld-Forester, 9th Baron Forester
John Strutt, 6th Baron Rayleigh
Anthony Gifford, 6th Baron Gifford
Jasper Duncombe, 7th Baron Feversham
Colin Ellis, 6th Baron Seaford
Tyrone Plunket, 9th Baron Plunket
James Holmes à Court, 7th Baron Heytesbury
Andrew Bootle-Wilbraham, 8th Baron Skelmersdale
John Best, 9th Baron Wynford
King William IV
Robin Jordan Boyd, 8th Baron Kilmarnock
Mark Bampfylde, 7th Baron Poltimore
Gregory Mostyn, 7th Baron Mostyn
Eric Saumarez, 7th Baron de Saumarez
Richard Denman, 6th Baron Denman
James Scarlett, 9th Baron Abinger
Mark Baring, 8th Baron Ashburton
Edward Littleton, 8th Baron Hatherton
David Campbell, 7th Baron Stratheden and Campbell
Simon Fraser, 5th Baron Lovat^*
Queen Victoria
William Westenra, 7th Baron Rossmore^•
Patrick Conolly-Carew, 7th Baron Carew^•
Rupert Ponsonby, 7th Baron de Mauley
Clifton Wrottesley, 6th Baron Wrottesley
Nicholas Hanbury-Tracy, 8th Baron Sudeley
James Methuen-Campbell, 8th Baron Methuen
Richard Stanley, 9th Baron Stanley of Alderley^•
Christopher Leigh, 6th Baron Leigh
Charles Rice, 7th Baron Monteagle of Brandon
David Campbell, 7th Baron Stratheden and Campbell
Charles Vivian, 7th Baron Vivian
John Parnell, 9th Baron Congleton
Richard Stanley, 8th Baron Eddisbury^•
Richard Denison, 9th Baron Londesborough
Charles French, 8th Baron de Freyne
Geoffrey Somerset, 6th Baron Raglan
Richard Strutt, 5th Baron Belper
Charles Cavendish, 7th Baron Chesham
Benjamin Yarde-Buller, 6th Baron Churston
Max Wyndham, 7th Baron Leconfield
Colin Vernon, 8th Baron Lyveden
Charles Brougham, 6th Baron Brougham and Vaux
Richard Bethell, 6th Baron Westbury
Luke White, 6th Baron Annaly
Francis Baring, 6th Baron Northbrook
Mark Henniker-Major, 6th Baron Hartismere^•
Raymond Jolliffe, 5th Baron Hylton
Simon Douglas-Pennant, 7th Baron Penrhyn
Raymond O'Neill, 4th Baron O'Neill
Robert Napier, 6th Baron Napier of Magdala
David Rollo, 5th Baron Dunning^*
John Lyon-Dalberg-Acton, 5th Baron Acton
Miles Glyn, 8th Baron Wolverton
Charles Strachey, 4th Baron O'Hagan
Guy Mansfield, 6th Baron Sandhurst
Francis Napier, 6th Baron Ettrick^*
Alastair Bruce, 5th Baron Aberdare
Rhoderick Moncreiff, 6th Baron Moncreiff
William Coleridge, 5th Baron Coleridge
Thomas Fremantle, 6th Baron Cottesloe
John Pakington, 7th Baron Hampton
Jasset Ormsby-Gore, 7th Baron Harlech
John Tollemache, 5th Baron Tollemache
Anthony Gerard, 5th Baron Gerard
Robert Sackville-West, 7th Baron Sackville
James Adderley, 8th Baron Norton
Marke Hill-Trevor, 5th Baron Trevor
David Russell, 5th Baron Ampthill
Robin Vanden-Bempde-Johnstone, 5th Baron Derwent
Anthony Tufton, 6th Baron Hothfield
David Tennyson, 6th Baron Tennyson
James Grant of Grant, 6th Baron Strathspey
Christopher Dodson, 4th Baron Monk Bretton
Charles James, 6th Baron Northbourne
Oliver Eden, 6th Baron Northington^•
Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild
Alexander Baring, 7th Baron Revelstoke
James Collier, 6th Baron Monkswell
Charles Gibson, 5th Baron Ashbourne
Charles Winn, 6th Baron St Oswald
Ralph Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 4th Baron Montagu of Beaulieu
Alexander Elphinstone, 5th Baron Elphinstone^*
Charles Allsopp, 6th Baron Hindlip
Edward Beckett, 5th Baron Grimthorpe
William Edwardes, 6th Baron Kensington^•
Gavin Hamilton, 5th Baron Hamilton of Dalzell
James St Aubyn, 5th Baron St Levan
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Hans Hamilton, 4th Baron HolmPatrick
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Christopher Bailey, 5th Baron Glanusk
Philip Gurdon, 3rd Baron Cranworth
Lyulph Lubbock, 5th Baron Avebury
Redmond Morris, 4th Baron Killanin
Alexander Howard, 5th Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal
King Edward VII
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Charles Kay-Shuttleworth, 5th Baron Shuttleworth
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Rupert Mitford, 6th Baron Redesdale
Harry Lawson, 7th Baron Burnham
Anthony Biddulph, 5th Baron Biddulph
Charles Ritchie, 6th Baron Ritchie of Dundee
Charles Martyn-Hemphill, 6th Baron Hemphill
James Joicey, 5th Baron Joicey
Stephen Wilson, 6th Baron Nunburnholme
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James Blyth, 5th Baron Blyth
William Whiteley, 4th Baron Marchamley
John Barnes, 5th Baron Gorell
Patrick Fisher, 4th Baron Fisher
Christopher Godley, 4th Baron Kilbracken
King George V
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Alexander de Villiers, 4th Baron de Villiers
Cody Tennant, 4th Baron Glenconner
Charles McLaren, 4th Baron Aberconway
David Lewis, 5th Baron Merthyr
John Corbett, 4th Baron Rowallan
Henry Ashton, 4th Baron Ashton of Hyde
Daniel Mosley, 4th Baron Ravensdale
Ian Hope-Morley, 4th Baron Hollenden
Michael Cripps, 5th Baron Parmoor
Roger Cunliffe, 3rd Baron Cunliffe
William Buckley, 4th Baron Wrenbury
Charles Henderson, 3rd Baron Faringdon
Charles Shaughnessy, 5th Baron Shaughnessy
Christopher Norton, 3rd Baron Rathcreedan
Hugh Crossley, 4th Baron Somerleyton
Adam Nicolson, 5th Baron Carnock
Maxwell Aitken, 3rd Baron Beaverbrook
Adrian Pease, 5th Baron Gainford
John Dewar, 4th Baron Forteviot
Anthony Hamilton-Smith, 3rd Baron Colwyn
Richard Chaloner, 3rd Baron Gisborough
Thomas Morris, 4th Baron Morris
John Cawley, 4th Baron Cawley
Christopher Woodhouse, 6th Baron Terrington
Simon Arthur, 4th Baron Glenarthur
Francis Phillimore, 5th Baron Phillimore
Andrew Weir, 4th Baron Inverforth
Arup Kumar Sinha, 6th Baron Sinha
Thomas Cochrane, 5th Baron Cochrane of Cults
John Roberts, 4th Baron Clwyd
Simon Russell, 3rd Baron Russell of Liverpool
Charles Swinfen Eady, 4th Baron Swinfen
James Meston, 3rd Baron Meston
Michael Cokayne, 4th Baron Cullen of Ashbourne
Patrick Lawrence, 5th Baron Trevethin
John Nivison, 4th Baron Glendyne
Miles Watson, 4th Baron Manton
Alastair Williamson, 4th Baron Forres
William Vestey, 4th Baron Vestey
Jamie Borwick, 5th Baron Borwick
Joseph Maclay, 3rd Baron Maclay
James Bethell, 5th Baron Bethell
Vicary Gibbs, 4th Baron Hunsdon of Hunsdon
Robert Darling, 3rd Baron Darling
Charles Banbury, 3rd Baron Banbury of Southam
Derek Duke, 4th Baron Merrivale
John Bradbury, 4th Baron Bradbury
Dominick Browne, 3rd Baron Mereworth^•
Ambrose Greenway, 4th Baron Greenway
William Chubb, 4th Baron Hayter
Fiennes Cornwallis, 4th Baron Cornwallis
Peter Greenall, 4th Baron Daresbury
Antony Gibbs, 4th Baron Wraxall
Philip Remnant, 4th Baron Remnant
Colin Moynihan, 4th Baron Moynihan
Thomas Shaw, 4th Baron Craigmyle
Michael Wills, 3rd Baron Dulverton
Ian Lawson Johnston, 4th Baron Luke
Robert Yerburgh, 3rd Baron Alvingham
David Robert Baden-Powell, 5th Baron Baden-Powell
Frederick Ponsonby, 4th Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede
Martin Dickinson, 3rd Baron Dickinson
Charles Noel-Buxton, 4th Baron Noel-Buxton
Philip Howard, 3rd Baron Howard of Penrith
David Lamb, 3rd Baron Rochester
Malcolm Mitchell-Thomson, 3rd Baron Selsdon
Jonathan Guinness, 3rd Baron Moyne
David Davies, 3rd Baron Davies
Michael Hope, 5th Baron Rankeillour
Charles Nall-Cain, 3rd Baron Brocket
George Milne, 3rd Baron Milne
James Rodd, 4th Baron Rennell
Christopher Seely, 6th Baron Mottistone
Robert Iliffe, 3rd Baron Iliffe
Hugo Palmer, 5th Baron Palmer
Anthony Cecil, 4th Baron Rockley
Edward Elton, 3rd Baron Elton
Timothy Loder, 4th Baron Wakehurst
Alexander Fermor-Hesketh, 3rd Baron Hesketh
John Buchan, 4th Baron Tweedsmuir
Andrew Wigram, 3rd Baron Wigram
Anthony Balfour, 3rd Baron Riverdale
Jasper May, 4th Baron May
William Young, 3rd Baron Kennet
Ian Macpherson, 3rd Baron Strathcarron
King Edward VIII
Innes Catto, 3rd Baron Catto
King George VI
James Hennessy, 4th Baron Windlesham
Benjamin Mancroft, 3rd Baron Mancroft
Harry McGowan, 4th Baron McGowan
Richard Bowyer, 3rd Baron Denham
Matthew Rea, 4th Baron Rea
John Cadman, 3rd Baron Cadman
Randle Siddeley, 4th Baron Kenilworth
Henry Denison-Pender, 4th Baron Pender
Massey Lopes, 4th Baron Roborough
Edward Brassey, 4th Baron Brassey of Apethorpe
Nicholas Stamp, 5th Baron Stamp
Charles Smith, 5th Baron Bicester
Guy Philipps, 4th Baron Milford
Donald Hankey, 3rd Baron Hankey
Thomas Harmsworth, 3rd Baron Harmsworth
Robin Cayzer, 3rd Baron Rotherwick
Robin Dixon, 3rd Baron Glentoran
Charles Tryon, 4th Baron Tryon
Bernard Croft, 3rd Baron Croft
Charles Kerr, 3rd Baron Teviot
Rupert Nathan, 3rd Baron Nathan
James Reith, 3rd Baron Reith
Rupert Kindersley, 4th Baron Kindersley
Charles Ironside, 3rd Baron Ironside
Dominic Latham, 2nd Baron Latham
Antony Wedgwood, 5th Baron Wedgwood
Euan Geddes, 3rd Baron Geddes
Michael Warrender, 3rd Baron Bruntisfield
Ivon Moore-Brabazon, 3rd Baron Brabazon of Tara
Charles Keyes, 3rd Baron Keyes
Christopher Herbert, 4th Baron Hemingford
James Wilson, 3rd Baron Moran
Victor Lampson, 3rd Baron Killearn
Piers Dowding, 3rd Baron Dowding
John Gretton, 4th Baron Gretton
William Westwood, 4th Baron Westwood
Arthur Hazlerigg, 4th Baron Hazlerigg
David Hacking, 3rd Baron Hacking
Philip Chetwode, 2nd Baron Chetwode
James Edmondson, 3rd Baron Sandford
Sebastian Grigg, 4th Baron Altrincham
Richard Broadbridge, 5th Baron Broadbridge
Jeffrey Evans, 4th Baron Mountevans
James Lindsay, 3rd Baron Lindsay of Birker
James Piercy, 3rd Baron Piercy
Nicholas Chorley, 3rd Baron Chorley
Charles Muff, 3rd Baron Calverley
Robin Tedder, 3rd Baron Tedder
Alastair Campbell, 4th Baron Colgrain
Paul Davies, 4th Baron Darwen
Simon Lucas, 3rd Baron Lucas of Chilworth
Graeme Shepherd, 3rd Baron Shepherd
Francis Newall, 2nd Baron Newall
Patrick Lawrence, 3rd Baron Oaksey
Robert Maffey, 3rd Baron Rugby
Jonathan Layton, 4th Baron Layton
Matilda Simon, 3rd Baroness Simon of Wythenshawe
Edward Kershaw, 4th Baron Kershaw
David Trefgarne, 2nd Baron Trefgarne
Robert Crook, 3rd Baron Crook
Keith Montague, 3rd Baron Amwell
Michael Richards, 3rd Baron Milverton
David Colville, 3rd Baron Clydesmuir
Fraser Burden, 4th Baron Burden
Christopher Guest, 5th Baron Haden-Guest
Christopher Silkin, 3rd Baron Silkin (disclaimed)
Matthew Hives, 3rd Baron Hives
Malcolm Greenhill, 3rd Baron Greenhill
Tudor Rees-Williams, 4th Baron Ogmore
Jonathan Morris, 3rd Baron Morris of Kenwood
James Macpherson, 3rd Baron Macpherson of Drumochter
Michael Whitfield, 3rd Baron Kenswood
Valerian Freyberg, 3rd Baron Freyberg
Richard Milner, 3rd Baron Milner of Leeds
James Kirkwood, 4th Baron Kirkwood
Christopher Wise, 3rd Baron Wise
Queen Elizabeth II
Christopher Jeffreys, 3rd Baron Jeffreys
Hugh O'Neill, 3rd Baron Rathcavan
James Baillieu, 3rd Baron Baillieu
John Suenson-Taylor, 3rd Baron Grantchester
James Law, 3rd Baron Coleraine
Charles Harvey, 3rd Baron Harvey of Tasburgh
Richard Gridley, 3rd Baron Gridley
William Fraser, 3rd Baron Strathalmond
Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde
Ralph Assheton, 2nd Baron Clitheroe
Duncan McNair, 3rd Baron McNair
Alisdair Hopkinson, 2nd Baron Colyton
John Astor, 3rd Baron Astor of Hever
John Sinclair, 3rd Baron Sinclair of Cleeve
Mark Bridges, 3rd Baron Bridges
George Norrie, 2nd Baron Norrie
Thomas Birkett, 3rd Baron Birkett
William Harding, 3rd Baron Harding of Petherton
David Charles Poole, 2nd Baron Poole
Nicholas Rootes, 3rd Baron Rootes
James Turner, 3rd Baron Netherthorpe
James Dugdale, 2nd Baron Crathorne
Patrick Spens, 4th Baron Spens
Oliver MacAndrew, 4th Baron MacAndrew
Alistair Nelson, 4th Baron Nelson of Stafford
Charles Baring, 2nd Baron Howick of Glendale
Alan Sanderson, 2nd Baron Sanderson of Ayot (disclaimed)
Henry Lytton-Cobbold, 3rd Baron Cobbold
William Robertson, 3rd Baron Robertson of Oakridge
Simon Marks, 3rd Baron Marks of Broughton
Ailwyn Broughton, 3rd Baron Fairhaven
Robert Seager, 3rd Baron Leighton of St Mellons
Michael Brain, 3rd Baron Brain
Charles Low, 2nd Baron Aldington
James Millar, 3rd Baron Inchyra
Simon Trustram Eve, 3rd Baron Silsoe
Max Wyndham, 2nd Baron Egremont
David Thomson, 3rd Baron Thomson of Fleet
John Robinson, 2nd Baron Martonmere
Dwight Makins, 3rd Baron Sherfield
Richard Fletcher-Vane, 2nd Baron Inglewood
Jonathan Hope, 3rd Baron Glendevon
Robert Grimston, 3rd Baron Grimston of Westbury
Robert Renwick, 3rd Baron Renwick
Richard Hughes-Young, 2nd Baron St Helens
Alastair Morrison, 3rd Baron Margadale
Italics in entries mean the titleholder also holds a previously listed barony of greater precedence.^* Also a Lord in the Peerage of Scotland, ^• Also a Baron in the Peerage of Ireland
Authority control databases International
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"peer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peerage"}],"text":"Charles Ronald George Nall-Cain, 3rd Baron Brocket (born 12 February 1952), also known as Charlie Brocket, is a peer, business owner and television presenter from the United Kingdom. He was jailed for insurance fraud in 1996.","title":"Charles Nall-Cain, 3rd Baron Brocket"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Baron Brocket","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Brocket"},{"link_name":"Arthur Nall-Cain, 2nd Baron Brocket","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Nall-Cain,_2nd_Baron_Brocket"},{"link_name":"Brocket Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brocket_Hall"},{"link_name":"Hertfordshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertfordshire"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Graham-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Graham-1"},{"link_name":"dead link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Old Etonian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Etonian"},{"link_name":"14th/20th King's Hussars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th/20th_King%27s_Hussars"},{"link_name":"Lieutenant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Simpson-2"},{"link_name":"Ferraris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Graham-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Sausage-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Walker-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m_a_Celebrity...Get_Me_Out_of_Here!_(British_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"ITV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)"},{"link_name":"game show","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_show"},{"link_name":"Scream! If You Want to Get Off","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scream!_If_You_Want_to_Get_Off"},{"link_name":"Lads Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lads_Army"},{"link_name":"ITV2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV2"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TR-6"},{"link_name":"Can't Pay? We'll Take It Away!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%27t_Pay%3F_We%27ll_Take_It_Away!"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"Brocket is the son of Ronald Nall-Cain and Elizabeth Trotter. His father died when he was nine years old. Aged fifteen, he became the 3rd Baron Brocket on the death of his grandfather, Arthur Nall-Cain, 2nd Baron Brocket, also inheriting Brocket Hall in Hertfordshire.[1] The Hall was in a poor state of repair, and he has since converted it into a hotel and conference venue.[1][dead link] He still owns the hall through a trust which leases it to a German consortium. The lease will expire after fifty years.[citation needed]An Old Etonian, Lord Brocket served in the 14th/20th King's Hussars as a Lieutenant in Germany.[2] He became known as a playboy and, in the 1980s and early 1990s, for his collection of classic cars, once owning forty-two Ferraris. He was convicted of insurance fraud in 1996 and sentenced to five years in prison, of which he served two and a half years.[1][3][4][5]In 2004, he was a contestant on the third series of I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!. Finishing in fourth place, his new-found fame turned him into a popular TV celebrity, yielding almost £1 million in offers.[citation needed] His autobiography, Call Me Charlie, was published in hardback in September 2004, coming in the Top 10 Best Sellers list of that year.[citation needed]Brocket hosted the ITV game show Scream! If You Want to Get Off, and presented Privates Exposed, a behind-the-scenes programme for Lads Army, on ITV2.In 2007, he launched his own Brocket Hall Foods range of groceries.[6]In 2017, Brocket was featured in an episode of Can't Pay? We'll Take It Away! (Season 5, Episode 15).[7]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Vogue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"Prince Frederick Alexander of Prussia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Brigid_Guinness#Marriage"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"In 1982, he married former Vogue model Isabell Maria Lorenzo. They had three children (including Antalya, Princess of Prussia as wife of Prince Frederick Alexander of Prussia, descendant of Queen Victoria). He and Isabell Maria Lorenzo were divorced in 1994.In 2006 he married Harriet Victoria Warren.[citation needed] They had two children.","title":"Marriage and family history"}]
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[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg/150px-Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg.png"},{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Brocket_Escutcheon.png/200px-Brocket_Escutcheon.png"}]
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[{"reference":"\"\"Can't Pay? We'll Take It Away!\" Episode #5.15 (TV Episode 2017) - IMDb\". IMDb. Retrieved 16 April 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7353176/?ref_=ttep_ep6","url_text":"\"\"Can't Pay? We'll Take It Away!\" Episode #5.15 (TV Episode 2017) - IMDb\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMDb","url_text":"IMDb"}]},{"reference":"\"Grants and Confirmations of Arms\". National Library of Ireland. p. 237. Retrieved 24 August 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000810941/StaffViewMARC#tabnav","url_text":"\"Grants and Confirmations of Arms\""}]},{"reference":"Debrett's Peerage. 2019.","urls":[]}]
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[{"Link":"http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/money/article484363.ece","external_links_name":"Fame & Fortune: Celebrity peer no longer lords it up"},{"Link":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/2731771/Portrait-of-a-driver-Lord-Brocket.html","external_links_name":"Portrait of a driver: Lord Brocket"},{"Link":"https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/bangers--cash-how-charlie-brocket-reinvented-himself-as-a-purveyor-of-ecofriendly-sausages-744807.html","external_links_name":"Bangers & cash: How Charlie Brocket reinvented himself as a purveyor of eco-friendly sausages"},{"Link":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1584761/When-Lord-Brocket-hits-the-fan.html","external_links_name":"When Lord Brocket hits the fan"},{"Link":"http://www.talkingretail.com/products/product-news/lord-charlie-brocket-launches-own-groceries-range","external_links_name":"Lord Charlie Brocket launches own groceries range"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110726135134/http://www.talkingretail.com/products/product-news/lord-charlie-brocket-launches-own-groceries-range","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7353176/?ref_=ttep_ep6","external_links_name":"\"\"Can't Pay? We'll Take It Away!\" Episode #5.15 (TV Episode 2017) - IMDb\""},{"Link":"https://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000810941/StaffViewMARC#tabnav","external_links_name":"\"Grants and Confirmations of Arms\""},{"Link":"https://twitter.com/Lord_Brocket","external_links_name":"Lord Brocket"},{"Link":"http://www.htalentmanagement.com/client/charles-brocket","external_links_name":"H Talent Management Lord Charles Brocket Client Biography"},{"Link":"http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1635881/","external_links_name":"FAST"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000114724366","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/50372328","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/131894870","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2006004690","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://id.parliament.uk/gQccwdgV","external_links_name":"UK Parliament"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%C3%B3n,_Chiapas
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Rayón, Chiapas
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["1 References"]
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Coordinates: 17°12′N 93°0′W / 17.200°N 93.000°W / 17.200; -93.000Municipality in Chiapas, MexicoRayónMunicipalityRayónLocation in MexicoCoordinates: 17°12′N 93°0′W / 17.200°N 93.000°W / 17.200; -93.000Country MexicoStateChiapasArea • Total36.4 sq mi (94.4 km2)Population (2010) • Total9,002
Rayón is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas in southern Mexico.
As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 9,002, up from 6,870 as of 2005. It covers an area of 94.4 km².
As of 2010, the town of Rayón had a population of 5,895. Other than the town of Rayón, the municipality had 43 localities, none of which had a population over 1,000.
References
^ a b c "Rayón". Catálogo de Localidades. Secretaría de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL). Retrieved 23 April 2014.
^ "Rayón". Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México. Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal Gobierno del Estado de Chiapas. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved August 3, 2008.
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This article about a location in the Mexican state of Chiapas is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Oklahoma
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Jefferson County, Oklahoma
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["1 History","2 Geography","2.1 Major highways","2.2 Adjacent counties","3 Demographics","4 Politics","5 Communities","6 See also","7 References","8 Further reading","9 External links"]
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Coordinates: 34°06′N 97°50′W / 34.10°N 97.84°W / 34.10; -97.84County in Oklahoma, United States
Not to be confused with Jefferson, Oklahoma.
County in OklahomaJefferson CountyCountyJefferson County Courthouse in Waurika (2014)Location within the U.S. state of OklahomaOklahoma's location within the U.S.Coordinates: 34°06′N 97°50′W / 34.1°N 97.84°W / 34.1; -97.84Country United StatesState OklahomaFounded1907Named forThomas JeffersonSeatWaurikaLargest cityWaurikaArea • Total774 sq mi (2,000 km2) • Land759 sq mi (1,970 km2) • Water15 sq mi (40 km2) 2.0%Population (2020) • Total5,337 • Density6.9/sq mi (2.7/km2)Time zoneUTC−6 (Central) • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)Congressional district4thWebsitewww.jeffcoinfo.org
Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,337. Its county seat is Waurika. The county was created at statehood and named in honor of President Thomas Jefferson.
History
In the 1750s, the Taovaya Indians, a Wichita tribe, established twin villages along the Red River, in Jefferson County and across the river near present-day Spanish Fort, Texas. The village became "a lively emporium where Comanches brought Apache slaves, horses and mules to trade for French packs of powder, balls, knives, and textiles and for Taovaya-grown maize, melons, pumpkins, squash, and tobacco."
In 1759, in response to the destruction of the San Saba Mission, the Spanish led an expedition against the Taovaya and their allies and attacked the twin villages. The Indians defeated the Spanish army. (See Battle of the Twin Villages) The Taovaya villages were abandoned before 1841 as the Taovaya had been decimated by smallpox and encroachment by other Indians and Anglo-Americans.
In the 1830s, the Choctaw tribe acquired more than two-thirds of the land now covered by Jefferson County, and the closely related Chickasaw tribe began to relocate there. In 1855, the two tribes formally divided and this area became part of the Chickasaw Nation. The western part of the present county became part of the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Reservation, created by the 1867 Medicine Lodge Treaty. That area was opened to settlement by non-Indians by the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Opening in 1901.
After the Civil War, the Chisholm Trail, which passed through this area, was heavily used to drive cattle from Texas to markets in Kansas. In 1892, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway laid tracks along the trail route. The Enid and Anadarko Railway, sold to the Rock Island in 1903, built a line from Lawton to Waurika. The Wichita Falls and Oklahoma Railroad built the last railroad in the county in 1923, from Texas to Waurika. It went out of business in 1942. A railway line was built from Ardmore to Ringling.
Until statehood, the territory of the present-day county was part of Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation.
Statehood in 1907 brought about the demise of the Chickasaw government and creation of Jefferson County. At that time the southeast corner of the county extended to Mud Creek including the communities of Belleville and Courtney. In 1924 the southeast corner of the county was realigned to its current boundary. The Oklahoma Constitutional Convention named Ryan as the county seat. An election for the seat was held in 1908 between Ryan, Sugden and Waurika, but none of the towns won a majority. Another election was held in 1912, resulting in Waurika being named as the county seat.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 774 square miles (2,000 km2), of which 759 square miles (1,970 km2) is land and 15 square miles (39 km2) (2.0%) is water. The county drains into the Red River via Beaver and Mud creeks. Waurika Lake was created in 1971 by damming Beaver Creek in northwestern Jefferson County.
Major highways
U.S. Highway 70
U.S. Highway 81
State Highway 5
State Highway 32
State Highway 79
State Highway 89
Adjacent counties
Stephens County (north)
Carter County (northeast)
Love County (east)
Montague County, Texas (south)
Clay County, Texas (southwest)
Cotton County (west)
Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
191017,430—192017,6641.3%193017,392−1.5%194015,107−13.1%195011,122−26.4%19608,192−26.3%19707,125−13.0%19808,18314.8%19907,010−14.3%20006,818−2.7%20106,472−5.1%20205,337−17.5%U.S. Decennial Census1790-1960 1900-19901990-2000 2010-2019
Age pyramid for Jefferson County, Oklahoma, based on census 2000 data.
At the 2000 census there were 6,818 people, 2,716 households, and 1,863 families in the county. The population density was 9 people per square mile (3.5 people/km2). There were 3,373 housing units at an average density of 4 units per square mile (1.5/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 87.14% White, 0.69% Black or African American, 5.24% Native American, 1.13% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 2.86% from other races, and 2.92% from two or more races. 7.01%. were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Of the 2,716 households 29.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.60% were married couples living together, 9.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.40% were non-families. 28.80% of households were one person and 15.40% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.92.
The age distribution was 24.00% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 25.40% from 25 to 44, 23.30% from 45 to 64, and 20.10% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 94.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.80 males.
The median household income was $23,674 and the median family income was $30,563. Males had a median income of $25,195 versus $16,589 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,899. About 16.30% of families and 19.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.30% of those under age 18 and 18.40% of those age 65 or over.
Politics
Despite Democrats leading in voter registration as recently as the late 2010s, Jefferson County has almost exclusively supported Republican candidates in almost every election of the 21st century. The last Democrat to carry the county at the presidential level was Bill Clinton of neighboring Arkansas in 1996, and the GOP vote share has only grown since, with Donald Trump winning nearly 85% of the county's vote in 2020, the best Republican performance in history.
Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of June 30, 2023
Party
Number of Voters
Percentage
Democratic
997
29.10%
Republican
1,910
55.75%
Unaffiliated
519
15.19%
Total
3,426
100%
United States presidential election results for Jefferson County, Oklahoma
Year
Republican
Democratic
Third party
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
2020
2,026
84.95%
319
13.38%
40
1.68%
2016
1,910
81.28%
365
15.53%
75
3.19%
2012
1,634
72.98%
605
27.02%
0
0.00%
2008
1,652
67.24%
805
32.76%
0
0.00%
2004
1,546
59.39%
1,057
40.61%
0
0.00%
2000
1,320
50.91%
1,245
48.01%
28
1.08%
1996
865
32.69%
1,430
54.04%
351
13.27%
1992
671
22.23%
1,580
52.34%
768
25.44%
1988
1,063
37.35%
1,767
62.09%
16
0.56%
1984
1,656
52.09%
1,496
47.06%
27
0.85%
1980
1,440
43.22%
1,812
54.38%
80
2.40%
1976
956
29.10%
2,303
70.11%
26
0.79%
1972
1,709
62.12%
969
35.22%
73
2.65%
1968
780
25.09%
1,628
52.36%
701
22.55%
1964
811
24.09%
2,555
75.91%
0
0.00%
1960
1,343
40.85%
1,945
59.15%
0
0.00%
1956
1,186
31.84%
2,539
68.16%
0
0.00%
1952
1,384
32.52%
2,872
67.48%
0
0.00%
1948
556
14.32%
3,326
85.68%
0
0.00%
1944
974
24.74%
2,948
74.88%
15
0.38%
1940
1,226
24.23%
3,814
75.38%
20
0.40%
1936
1,032
21.62%
3,719
77.92%
22
0.46%
1932
485
11.97%
3,566
88.03%
0
0.00%
1928
2,251
53.79%
1,916
45.78%
18
0.43%
1924
1,108
29.44%
2,441
64.87%
214
5.69%
1920
1,733
39.36%
2,289
51.99%
381
8.65%
1916
493
17.23%
1,739
60.76%
630
22.01%
1912
361
16.74%
1,118
51.83%
678
31.43%
Communities
Addington
Atlee
Cornish
Grady
Hastings
Oscar
Ringling
Ryan
Sugden
Terral
Waurika (county seat)
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, Oklahoma
References
^ "Jefferson County, Oklahoma". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
^ a b c d e Larry O'Dell, "Jefferson County," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, 2009. Accessed February 25, 2015.
^ Elam, Earl Henry, "Anglo-American Relations with the Wichita Indians in Texas, 1822–1859." Master's Thesis, Texas Technological College, 1967, 11
^ ANNE, MORRELL, LEA (June 15, 2010). "SPANISH FORT, TX". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved March 29, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Charles Goins, Historical Atlas of Oklahoma (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2006), plate 105.
^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
^ "Oklahoma Registration Statistics by County" (PDF). OK.gov. January 15, 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2020. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
Further reading
See also: List of books about Chisholm Trail
External links
Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Jefferson County
Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory
Places adjacent to Jefferson County, Oklahoma
Stephens County
Carter County
Cotton County
Jefferson County
Love County
Clay County, Texas
Montague County, Texas
vteMunicipalities and communities of Jefferson County, Oklahoma, United StatesCounty seat: WaurikaCity
Waurika
Jefferson County mapTowns
Addington
Cornish
Hastings
Ringling
Ryan
Sugden
Terral
Unincorporatedcommunities
Atlee
Fleetwood
Grady
Oscar
Indian reservation
Chickasaw Nation‡
Footnotes‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
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34°06′N 97°50′W / 34.10°N 97.84°W / 34.10; -97.84
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As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,337.[1] Its county seat is Waurika.[2] The county was created at statehood and named in honor of President Thomas Jefferson.[3]","title":"Jefferson County, Oklahoma"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Taovaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taovaya"},{"link_name":"Wichita","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita_people"},{"link_name":"Red River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South"},{"link_name":"Spanish Fort, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Fort,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Comanches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comanche_people"},{"link_name":"Apache","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"San Saba Mission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Saba"},{"link_name":"Battle of the Twin Villages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Twin_Villages"},{"link_name":"smallpox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Chickasaw Nation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickasaw_Nation"},{"link_name":"Medicine Lodge Treaty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_Lodge_Treaty"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EOHC-JeffersonCo-3"},{"link_name":"Chisholm Trail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisholm_Trail"},{"link_name":"Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago,_Rock_Island_and_Pacific_Railway"},{"link_name":"Lawton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawton,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EOHC-JeffersonCo-3"},{"link_name":"Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickens_County,_Chickasaw_Nation"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Ryan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Sugden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugden,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EOHC-JeffersonCo-3"}],"text":"In the 1750s, the Taovaya Indians, a Wichita tribe, established twin villages along the Red River, in Jefferson County and across the river near present-day Spanish Fort, Texas. The village became \"a lively emporium where Comanches brought Apache slaves, horses and mules to trade for French packs of powder, balls, knives, and textiles and for Taovaya-grown maize, melons, pumpkins, squash, and tobacco.\"[4]In 1759, in response to the destruction of the San Saba Mission, the Spanish led an expedition against the Taovaya and their allies and attacked the twin villages. The Indians defeated the Spanish army. (See Battle of the Twin Villages) The Taovaya villages were abandoned before 1841 as the Taovaya had been decimated by smallpox and encroachment by other Indians and Anglo-Americans.[5]In the 1830s, the Choctaw tribe acquired more than two-thirds of the land now covered by Jefferson County, and the closely related Chickasaw tribe began to relocate there. In 1855, the two tribes formally divided and this area became part of the Chickasaw Nation. The western part of the present county became part of the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Reservation, created by the 1867 Medicine Lodge Treaty. That area was opened to settlement by non-Indians by the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Opening in 1901.[3]After the Civil War, the Chisholm Trail, which passed through this area, was heavily used to drive cattle from Texas to markets in Kansas. In 1892, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway laid tracks along the trail route. The Enid and Anadarko Railway, sold to the Rock Island in 1903, built a line from Lawton to Waurika. The Wichita Falls and Oklahoma Railroad built the last railroad in the county in 1923, from Texas to Waurika. It went out of business in 1942.[3] A railway line was built from Ardmore to Ringling.Until statehood, the territory of the present-day county was part of Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation.[6]Statehood in 1907 brought about the demise of the Chickasaw government and creation of Jefferson County. At that time the southeast corner of the county extended to Mud Creek including the communities of Belleville and Courtney. In 1924 the southeast corner of the county was realigned to its current boundary. The Oklahoma Constitutional Convention named Ryan as the county seat. An election for the seat was held in 1908 between Ryan, Sugden and Waurika, but none of the towns won a majority. Another election was held in 1912, resulting in Waurika being named as the county seat.[3]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"U.S. Census Bureau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR1-7"},{"link_name":"Red River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South"},{"link_name":"Waurika Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waurika_Lake"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EOHC-JeffersonCo-3"}],"text":"According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 774 square miles (2,000 km2), of which 759 square miles (1,970 km2) is land and 15 square miles (39 km2) (2.0%) is water.[7] The county drains into the Red River via Beaver and Mud creeks. Waurika Lake was created in 1971 by damming Beaver Creek in northwestern Jefferson County.[3]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_70.svg"},{"link_name":"U.S. Highway 70","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_70_in_Oklahoma"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_81.svg"},{"link_name":"U.S. Highway 81","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_81_in_Oklahoma"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oklahoma_State_Highway_5.svg"},{"link_name":"State Highway 5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Highway_5_(Oklahoma)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oklahoma_State_Highway_32.svg"},{"link_name":"State Highway 32","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Highway_32_(Oklahoma)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oklahoma_State_Highway_79.svg"},{"link_name":"State Highway 79","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Highway_79_(Oklahoma)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oklahoma_State_Highway_89.svg"},{"link_name":"State Highway 89","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Highway_89_(Oklahoma)"}],"sub_title":"Major highways","text":"U.S. Highway 70\n U.S. Highway 81\n State Highway 5\n State Highway 32\n State Highway 79\n State Highway 89","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Stephens County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_County,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Carter County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carter_County,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Love County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_County,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Montague County, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montague_County,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Clay County, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_County,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Cotton County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_County,_Oklahoma"}],"sub_title":"Adjacent counties","text":"Stephens County (north)\nCarter County (northeast)\nLove County (east)\nMontague County, Texas (south)\nClay County, Texas (southwest)\nCotton County (west)","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USA_Jefferson_County,_Oklahoma_age_pyramid.svg"},{"link_name":"2000 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_United_States_Census"},{"link_name":"racial makeup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census#2000_census"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR2-13"},{"link_name":"poverty line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line"}],"text":"Age pyramid for Jefferson County, Oklahoma, based on census 2000 data.At the 2000 census there were 6,818 people, 2,716 households, and 1,863 families in the county. The population density was 9 people per square mile (3.5 people/km2). There were 3,373 housing units at an average density of 4 units per square mile (1.5/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 87.14% White, 0.69% Black or African American, 5.24% Native American, 1.13% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 2.86% from other races, and 2.92% from two or more races. 7.01%.[13] were Hispanic or Latino of any race.Of the 2,716 households 29.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.60% were married couples living together, 9.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.40% were non-families. 28.80% of households were one person and 15.40% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.92.The age distribution was 24.00% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 25.40% from 25 to 44, 23.30% from 45 to 64, and 20.10% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 94.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.80 males.The median household income was $23,674 and the median family income was $30,563. Males had a median income of $25,195 versus $16,589 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,899. About 16.30% of families and 19.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.30% of those under age 18 and 18.40% of those age 65 or over.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Democrats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Republican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Bill Clinton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton"},{"link_name":"Arkansas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas"},{"link_name":"1996","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Donald Trump","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump"},{"link_name":"2020","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma"}],"text":"Despite Democrats leading in voter registration as recently as the late 2010s, Jefferson County has almost exclusively supported Republican candidates in almost every election of the 21st century. The last Democrat to carry the county at the presidential level was Bill Clinton of neighboring Arkansas in 1996, and the GOP vote share has only grown since, with Donald Trump winning nearly 85% of the county's vote in 2020, the best Republican performance in history.","title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Addington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addington,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Atlee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlee,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Cornish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornish,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Grady","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grady,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Hastings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastings,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Oscar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Ringling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringling,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Ryan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Sugden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugden,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Terral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terral,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Waurika","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waurika,_Oklahoma"}],"text":"Addington\nAtlee\nCornish\nGrady\nHastings\nOscar\nRingling\nRyan\nSugden\nTerral\nWaurika (county seat)","title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"List of books about Chisholm Trail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisholm_Trail#Further_reading"}],"text":"See also: List of books about Chisholm Trail","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"image_text":"Age pyramid for Jefferson County, Oklahoma, based on census 2000 data.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/USA_Jefferson_County%2C_Oklahoma_age_pyramid.svg/220px-USA_Jefferson_County%2C_Oklahoma_age_pyramid.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Jefferson County map","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_Oklahoma_highlighting_Jefferson_County.svg/180px-Map_of_Oklahoma_highlighting_Jefferson_County.svg.png"}]
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[{"title":"National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, Oklahoma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Jefferson_County,_Oklahoma"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Jefferson County, Oklahoma\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 13, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://data.census.gov/profile/Jefferson_County,_Oklahoma?g=050XX00US40067","url_text":"\"Jefferson County, Oklahoma\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"Find a County\". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","url_text":"\"Find a County\""},{"url":"http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"ANNE, MORRELL, LEA (June 15, 2010). \"SPANISH FORT, TX\". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved March 29, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hns64","url_text":"\"SPANISH FORT, TX\""}]},{"reference":"\"2010 Census Gazetteer Files\". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_40.txt","url_text":"\"2010 Census Gazetteer Files\""}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Decennial Census\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 21, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html","url_text":"\"U.S. Decennial Census\""}]},{"reference":"\"Historical Census Browser\". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 21, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/","url_text":"\"Historical Census Browser\""}]},{"reference":"Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). \"Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 21, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ok190090.txt","url_text":"\"Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990\""}]},{"reference":"\"Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000\" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf","url_text":"\"Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000\""},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"State & County QuickFacts\". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved November 9, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110606154809/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/40067.html","url_text":"\"State & County QuickFacts\""},{"url":"http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/40067.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"Oklahoma Registration Statistics by County\" (PDF). OK.gov. January 15, 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2020. Retrieved February 27, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200717212721/https://www.ok.gov/elections/documents/20190115%20-%20Registration%20By%20County%20(vr2420).pdf","url_text":"\"Oklahoma Registration Statistics by County\""},{"url":"https://www.ok.gov/elections/documents/20190115%20-%20Registration%20By%20County%20(vr2420).pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Leip, David. \"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections\". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 29, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS","url_text":"\"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jefferson_County,_Oklahoma¶ms=34.1_N_97.84_W_type:adm2nd_region:US-OK_source:UScensus1990","external_links_name":"34°06′N 97°50′W / 34.10°N 97.84°W / 34.10; -97.84"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jefferson_County,_Oklahoma¶ms=34.1_N_97.84_W_type:city(5337)","external_links_name":"34°06′N 97°50′W / 34.1°N 97.84°W / 34.1; -97.84"},{"Link":"http://www.jeffcoinfo.org/","external_links_name":"www.jeffcoinfo.org"},{"Link":"https://data.census.gov/profile/Jefferson_County,_Oklahoma?g=050XX00US40067","external_links_name":"\"Jefferson County, Oklahoma\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","external_links_name":"\"Find a County\""},{"Link":"http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=JE001","external_links_name":"Larry O'Dell, \"Jefferson County,\""},{"Link":"http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hns64","external_links_name":"\"SPANISH FORT, TX\""},{"Link":"http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_40.txt","external_links_name":"\"2010 Census Gazetteer Files\""},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html","external_links_name":"\"U.S. Decennial Census\""},{"Link":"http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/","external_links_name":"\"Historical Census Browser\""},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ok190090.txt","external_links_name":"\"Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990\""},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000\""},{"Link":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110606154809/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/40067.html","external_links_name":"\"State & County QuickFacts\""},{"Link":"http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/40067.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/","external_links_name":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200717212721/https://www.ok.gov/elections/documents/20190115%20-%20Registration%20By%20County%20(vr2420).pdf","external_links_name":"\"Oklahoma Registration Statistics by County\""},{"Link":"https://www.ok.gov/elections/documents/20190115%20-%20Registration%20By%20County%20(vr2420).pdf","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS","external_links_name":"\"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections\""},{"Link":"http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=JE001","external_links_name":"Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Jefferson County"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121024013411/http://www.library.okstate.edu/okmaps/","external_links_name":"Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/155972604","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564445505171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83021573","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jefferson_County,_Oklahoma¶ms=34.1_N_97.84_W_type:adm2nd_region:US-OK_source:UScensus1990","external_links_name":"34°06′N 97°50′W / 34.10°N 97.84°W / 34.10; -97.84"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylva,_North_Carolina
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Sylva, North Carolina
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["1 Etymology","2 History","3 Geography","4 Demographics","4.1 2020 census","4.2 2000 census","5 Colleges and universities","6 Events","7 In popular culture","8 Notable people","9 See also","10 References","11 External links"]
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Coordinates: 35°22′27″N 83°13′4″W / 35.37417°N 83.21778°W / 35.37417; -83.21778
Town in North Carolina, United StatesSylva, North CarolinaTownWest Main Street in SylvaLocation in North CarolinaCoordinates: 35°22′27″N 83°13′4″W / 35.37417°N 83.21778°W / 35.37417; -83.21778CountryUnited StatesStateNorth CarolinaCountyJacksonIncorporated1889Named forWilliam D. SylvaGovernment • MayorLynda SossamonArea • Total3.17 sq mi (8.21 km2) • Land3.17 sq mi (8.21 km2) • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) 0%Elevation2,080 ft (630 m)Population (2020) • Total2,578 • Density812.74/sq mi (313.84/km2)Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern) • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)ZIP code28779Area code828FIPS code37-66500GNIS feature ID2406705Websitewww.townofsylva.org
Sylva is an incorporated town located in central Jackson County, in the Plott Balsam Mountains of Western North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a total population of 2,588. It is the county seat, taking over the role from nearby Webster in 1913.
Etymology
According to popular accounts, Sylva is named after William D. Sylva, a Danish handyman who spent a month in the home of General E. R. Hampton, who owned much of the land later developed as downtown Sylva. When the town applied for a post office, Hampton asked his young daughter Mae what the town's name should be. She liked the handyman so much she said, "Sylva." This account is disputed: according to a 21st-century investigation, the handyman William D. Sylva was not Danish, and it is likely that his surname was not Sylva. His last name was "Selvey;" the letter that he wrote to the town was likely in Portuguese, not Danish; and he was probably from the Little Canada Community. His daughter's maiden last name was Selvey according to genealogical archives. Her daughter (who recently came to the town) said that her grandfather's surname was "Selvey" instead.
History
The former Jackson County Courthouse (now a library)
The town became the county seat in 1913 after the county voted to move the seat from Webster to Sylva, which gained a railroad station. Subsequently, Webster declined, as the railroad had not established a stop in that town. Many businesses followed the court and railroad to Sylva. The Jackson County Courthouse was constructed in 1914 and is located on a hill at the end of Main Street in downtown Sylva. The building no longer serves as the official courthouse; the Justice Center was constructed in 1994 a few blocks away. Since 2011, the Jackson County Courthouse has been the site of the Jackson County Public Library.
The town has the main county high school, Smoky Mountain High School; the county library, county hospital, Justice Center, and two K-8 elementary schools: Scotts Creek east of town, and Fairview located behind the high school. The local newspaper is The Sylva Herald, which was founded in 1926.
Sylva claims that it once had Dills Falls, a 249-foot waterfall, making it the only town in the US that had a waterfall in town limits, until it was destroyed to build the Sylva bypass. However, the waterfall was only approximately 40 feet tall, and was never destroyed. Many towns in the US, and even North Carolina, have waterfalls in their town limits. The town had the first municipally owned swimming pool west of Asheville. The stone and concrete pool was built in 1938 by the WPA during the Great Depression; it was demolished in 1969 to be replaced by the current pool. Thomas Edison and Franklin D. Roosevelt both traveled through Sylva: Edison in 1911 and FDR in 1936 during his presidency.
The Downtown Sylva Historic District, Dr. D. D. Hooper House, and Jackson County Courthouse are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2), all land.
Sylva is close to the Cherokee Indian Reservation (the Eastern band) and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, both of which are popular, well-known vacation spots.
Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1900281—1910698148.4%192086323.6%19301,34055.3%19401,4095.1%19501,382−1.9%19601,56413.2%19701,561−0.2%19801,6998.8%19901,8096.5%20002,43534.6%20102,5886.3%20202,578−0.4%U.S. Decennial Census
Downtown Sylva Historic District
Dr. D. D. Hooper House (1906)
2020 census
Sylva racial composition
Race
Number
Percentage
White (non-Hispanic)
1,902
73.78%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)
87
3.37%
Native American
75
2.91%
Asian
72
2.79%
Other/Mixed
106
4.11%
Hispanic or Latino
336
13.03%
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,578 people, 1,151 households, and 552 families residing in the town.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,435 people, 1,137 households, and 608 families residing in the town. The population density was 759.7 inhabitants per square mile (293.3/km2). There were 1,283 housing units at an average density of 400.3 per square mile (154.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 89.16% White, 4.68% African American, 1.60% Native American, 1.31% Asian, 0.82% from other races, and 2.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.51% of the population.
There were 1,137 households, out of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.1% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.5% were non-families. 39.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.04 and the average family size was 2.74.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.4% under the age of 18, 12.0% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 84.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $26,432, and the median income for a family was $36,711. Males had a median income of $25,526 versus $22,401 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,348. About 13.9% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.9% of those under age 18 and 18.6% of those age 65 or over.
Colleges and universities
Sylva is home to the Jackson Campus of Southwestern Community College and is the closest town of size to nearby Western Carolina University (6 miles (9.7 km) away), one of the seventeen schools of the University of North Carolina system.
Events
Greening Up The Mountains Festival takes place on the fourth Saturday in April, a family-friendly downtown street festival that draws more than 10,000 people for arts, old time Appalachian crafts, local music, ethnic and locally inspired cuisine, tastings from multiple local craft breweries, and many child-friendly activities.
The Hook, Line & Drinker Festival takes place in May, which celebrates the designation of the area as a popular spot for fishing, and features fly fishing guides, fishing industry vendors, craft beer vendors, children's activities and bands at Bridge Park.
Concerts on The Creek is an event that takes place every Friday night from Memorial Day to Labor Day at Sylva Bridge Park.
In popular culture
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Sylva, North Carolina" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Several movies have been filmed in Sylva, including the 1972 movie Deliverance (along Mill Street), the 1997 movie Paradise Falls (also known as Carolina Low), and the 1993 blockbuster The Fugitive (at Harris Regional Hospital, a scene where the town is seen from Sylvan Heights right after the train wreck, and along Scotts Creek where it crosses West Main Street). The train wreck scene in The Fugitive was filmed 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Sylva in the town of Dillsboro. The scene of Harrison Ford walking on railroad tracks in an old tunnel was also close by in Cowee Tunnel. The town was also the site of filming for the 2017 film Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri.
Notable people
Zeb Alley, lawyer, lobbyist, and politician
Michael Bingham, 2008 Olympic medalist in the 400m relay
Sean Bridgers, actor in Deadwood, Get Shorty, Rectify, and Carolina Low
David McKee Hall, U.S. Representative from North Carolina
Frank Huguelet, professional wrestler and reality TV star
Evy Leibfarth, slalom canoeist and Olympian
Dan K. Moore, was the 66th Governor of North Carolina
Johnny Oates, former Major League Baseball player and manager
Cal Raleigh, catcher for the Seattle Mariners
Nick Searcy, actor in Cast Away, also played a sheriff in The Fugitive (which filmed partially in Sylva)
Matt Stillwell, country music artist
Drew Duncan, Singer and guitarist
Ed Sutton, former NFL player
See also
Smoky Mountain High School
National Register of Historic Places listings in Jackson County, North Carolina
Jackson County Courthouse (Sylva, North Carolina)
References
^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Sylva, North Carolina
^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
^ "Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Sylva town, North Carolina". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
^ Bob Terrell, "Photographs Bring to Life the History of Scenic, Storied Sylva," Asheville Citizen-Times, 11 September 2008.
^ Hotaling, Lynn (January 20, 2011). "Ruralite Cafe". The Sylva Herald.
^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
^ "National Register of Historic Places Listings". Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 9/01/14 through 9/05/14. National Park Service. September 12, 2014.
^ "Census of Population and Housing". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
^ North Carolina Legislative Manual 1971, Biographical Sketch of Zebulon Doyle Alley, p. 621
^ Dan Killian Moore - National Governors Association. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
^ .
^ Ed Sutton Stats. Pro-Football-Reference. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sylva, North Carolina.
Town of Sylva official website
vteMunicipalities and communities of Jackson County, North Carolina, United StatesCounty seat: SylvaTowns
Dillsboro
Highlands‡
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"incorporated","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incorporation_(municipal_government)"},{"link_name":"town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town"},{"link_name":"Jackson County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_County,_North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"Plott Balsam Mountains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plott_Balsams"},{"link_name":"North Carolina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"2010 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_United_States_census"},{"link_name":"population","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Census_2010-4"},{"link_name":"county seat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_seat"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR6-5"},{"link_name":"Webster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webster,_North_Carolina"}],"text":"Town in North Carolina, United StatesSylva is an incorporated town located in central Jackson County, in the Plott Balsam Mountains of Western North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a total population of 2,588.[4] It is the county seat,[5] taking over the role from nearby Webster in 1913.","title":"Sylva, North Carolina"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Danish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_people"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"According to popular accounts, Sylva is named after William D. Sylva, a Danish handyman who spent a month in the home of General E. R. Hampton, who owned much of the land later developed as downtown Sylva. When the town applied for a post office, Hampton asked his young daughter Mae what the town's name should be. She liked the handyman so much she said, \"Sylva.\"[6] This account is disputed: according to a 21st-century investigation, the handyman William D. Sylva was not Danish, and it is likely that his surname was not Sylva. His last name was \"Selvey;\" the letter that he wrote to the town was likely in Portuguese, not Danish; and he was probably from the Little Canada Community. His daughter's maiden last name was Selvey according to genealogical archives. Her daughter (who recently came to the town) said that her grandfather's surname was \"Selvey\" instead.[7]","title":"Etymology"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Old_Jackson_County_Courthouse.jpg"},{"link_name":"Jackson County Courthouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_County_Courthouse_(North_Carolina)"},{"link_name":"Smoky Mountain High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoky_Mountain_High_School"},{"link_name":"The Sylva Herald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sylva_Herald_and_Ruralite"},{"link_name":"Asheville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"WPA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration"},{"link_name":"Great Depression","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression"},{"link_name":"Thomas Edison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison"},{"link_name":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt"},{"link_name":"Downtown Sylva Historic District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Sylva_Historic_District"},{"link_name":"Dr. D. D. Hooper House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._D._D._Hooper_House"},{"link_name":"Jackson County Courthouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_County_Courthouse_(North_Carolina)"},{"link_name":"National Register of Historic Places","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nris-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nps-9"}],"text":"The former Jackson County Courthouse (now a library)The town became the county seat in 1913 after the county voted to move the seat from Webster to Sylva, which gained a railroad station. Subsequently, Webster declined, as the railroad had not established a stop in that town. Many businesses followed the court and railroad to Sylva. The Jackson County Courthouse was constructed in 1914 and is located on a hill at the end of Main Street in downtown Sylva. The building no longer serves as the official courthouse; the Justice Center was constructed in 1994 a few blocks away. Since 2011, the Jackson County Courthouse has been the site of the Jackson County Public Library.The town has the main county high school, Smoky Mountain High School; the county library, county hospital, Justice Center, and two K-8 elementary schools: Scotts Creek east of town, and Fairview located behind the high school. The local newspaper is The Sylva Herald, which was founded in 1926.Sylva claims that it once had Dills Falls, a 249-foot waterfall, making it the only town in the US that had a waterfall in town limits, until it was destroyed to build the Sylva bypass. However, the waterfall was only approximately 40 feet tall, and was never destroyed. Many towns in the US, and even North Carolina, have waterfalls in their town limits. The town had the first municipally owned swimming pool west of Asheville. The stone and concrete pool was built in 1938 by the WPA during the Great Depression; it was demolished in 1969 to be replaced by the current pool. Thomas Edison and Franklin D. Roosevelt both traveled through Sylva: Edison in 1911 and FDR in 1936 during his presidency.The Downtown Sylva Historic District, Dr. D. D. Hooper House, and Jackson County Courthouse are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[8][9]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"United States Census Bureau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau"},{"link_name":"Cherokee Indian Reservation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_Indian_Reservation"},{"link_name":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park"}],"text":"According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2), all land.Sylva is close to the Cherokee Indian Reservation (the Eastern band) and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, both of which are popular, well-known vacation spots.","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Main_Street,_Sylva,_NC_(45914475024).jpg"},{"link_name":"Downtown Sylva Historic District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Sylva_Historic_District"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dr._D._D._Hooper_House,_Sylva,_NC_(46683627861).jpg"},{"link_name":"Dr. D. D. Hooper House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._D._D._Hooper_House"}],"text":"Downtown Sylva Historic DistrictDr. D. D. Hooper House (1906)","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2020 United States census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_census"}],"sub_title":"2020 census","text":"As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,578 people, 1,151 households, and 552 families residing in the town.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR2-3"},{"link_name":"White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Native American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Asian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"other races","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Hispanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"Latino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)"},{"link_name":"married couples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage"},{"link_name":"per capita income","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_income"},{"link_name":"poverty line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line"}],"sub_title":"2000 census","text":"As of the census[3] of 2000, there were 2,435 people, 1,137 households, and 608 families residing in the town. The population density was 759.7 inhabitants per square mile (293.3/km2). There were 1,283 housing units at an average density of 400.3 per square mile (154.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 89.16% White, 4.68% African American, 1.60% Native American, 1.31% Asian, 0.82% from other races, and 2.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.51% of the population.There were 1,137 households, out of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.1% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.5% were non-families. 39.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.04 and the average family size was 2.74.In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.4% under the age of 18, 12.0% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 84.1 males.The median income for a household in the town was $26,432, and the median income for a family was $36,711. Males had a median income of $25,526 versus $22,401 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,348. About 13.9% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.9% of those under age 18 and 18.6% of those age 65 or over.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Southwestern Community College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwestern_Community_College_(North_Carolina)"},{"link_name":"Western Carolina University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Carolina_University"},{"link_name":"University of North Carolina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina"}],"text":"Sylva is home to the Jackson Campus of Southwestern Community College and is the closest town of size to nearby Western Carolina University (6 miles (9.7 km) away), one of the seventeen schools of the University of North Carolina system.","title":"Colleges and universities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"craft beer vendors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewing_in_North_Carolina"}],"text":"Greening Up The Mountains Festival takes place on the fourth Saturday in April, a family-friendly downtown street festival that draws more than 10,000 people for arts, old time Appalachian crafts, local music, ethnic and locally inspired cuisine, tastings from multiple local craft breweries, and many child-friendly activities.The Hook, Line & Drinker Festival takes place in May, which celebrates the designation of the area as a popular spot for fishing, and features fly fishing guides, fishing industry vendors, craft beer vendors, children's activities and bands at Bridge Park.Concerts on The Creek is an event that takes place every Friday night from Memorial Day to Labor Day at Sylva Bridge Park.","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Deliverance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deliverance"},{"link_name":"The Fugitive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fugitive_(1993_film)"},{"link_name":"Dillsboro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dillsboro,_North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"Harrison Ford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrison_Ford"},{"link_name":"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Billboards_Outside_Ebbing,_Missouri"}],"text":"Several movies have been filmed in Sylva, including the 1972 movie Deliverance (along Mill Street), the 1997 movie Paradise Falls (also known as Carolina Low), and the 1993 blockbuster The Fugitive (at Harris Regional Hospital, a scene where the town is seen from Sylvan Heights right after the train wreck, and along Scotts Creek where it crosses West Main Street). The train wreck scene in The Fugitive was filmed 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Sylva in the town of Dillsboro. The scene of Harrison Ford walking on railroad tracks in an old tunnel was also close by in Cowee Tunnel. The town was also the site of filming for the 2017 film Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri.","title":"In popular culture"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Zeb Alley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeb_Alley"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Michael Bingham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bingham"},{"link_name":"400m relay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_%C3%97_400_metres_relay"},{"link_name":"Sean Bridgers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Bridgers"},{"link_name":"Deadwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadwood_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Get Shorty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get_Shorty_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Rectify","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectify"},{"link_name":"David McKee Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_McKee_Hall"},{"link_name":"U.S. Representative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives"},{"link_name":"North Carolina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"Frank Huguelet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Huguelet"},{"link_name":"Evy Leibfarth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evy_Leibfarth"},{"link_name":"slalom canoeist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canoe_slalom"},{"link_name":"Dan K. Moore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_K._Moore"},{"link_name":"66th Governor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Johnny Oates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Oates"},{"link_name":"Major League Baseball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball"},{"link_name":"Cal Raleigh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal_Raleigh"},{"link_name":"Seattle Mariners","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_Mariners"},{"link_name":"Nick Searcy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Searcy"},{"link_name":"Cast Away","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_Away"},{"link_name":"Matt Stillwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Stillwell"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Ed Sutton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Sutton"},{"link_name":"NFL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"Zeb Alley, lawyer, lobbyist, and politician[12]\nMichael Bingham, 2008 Olympic medalist in the 400m relay\nSean Bridgers, actor in Deadwood, Get Shorty, Rectify, and Carolina Low\nDavid McKee Hall, U.S. Representative from North Carolina\nFrank Huguelet, professional wrestler and reality TV star\nEvy Leibfarth, slalom canoeist and Olympian\nDan K. Moore, was the 66th Governor of North Carolina[13]\nJohnny Oates, former Major League Baseball player and manager\nCal Raleigh, catcher for the Seattle Mariners\nNick Searcy, actor in Cast Away, also played a sheriff in The Fugitive (which filmed partially in Sylva)\nMatt Stillwell, country music artist\nDrew Duncan, Singer and guitarist [14]\nEd Sutton, former NFL player[15]","title":"Notable people"}]
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[{"image_text":"The former Jackson County Courthouse (now a library)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Old_Jackson_County_Courthouse.jpg/220px-Old_Jackson_County_Courthouse.jpg"},{"image_text":"Downtown Sylva Historic District","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Main_Street%2C_Sylva%2C_NC_%2845914475024%29.jpg/220px-Main_Street%2C_Sylva%2C_NC_%2845914475024%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Dr. D. D. Hooper House (1906)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Dr._D._D._Hooper_House%2C_Sylva%2C_NC_%2846683627861%29.jpg/220px-Dr._D._D._Hooper_House%2C_Sylva%2C_NC_%2846683627861%29.jpg"},{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/North_Carolina_Map_Highlighting_Jackson_County.PNG/180px-North_Carolina_Map_Highlighting_Jackson_County.PNG"}]
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[{"title":"Smoky Mountain High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoky_Mountain_High_School"},{"title":"National Register of Historic Places listings in Jackson County, North Carolina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Jackson_County,_North_Carolina"},{"title":"Jackson County Courthouse (Sylva, North Carolina)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_County_Courthouse_(Sylva,_North_Carolina)"}]
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[{"reference":"\"ArcGIS REST Services Directory\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer","url_text":"\"ArcGIS REST Services Directory\""}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Sylva town, North Carolina\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 23, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Sylva town, North Carolina\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"Find a County\". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","url_text":"\"Find a County\""}]},{"reference":"Hotaling, Lynn (January 20, 2011). \"Ruralite Cafe\". The Sylva Herald.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sylva_Herald_and_Ruralite","url_text":"The Sylva Herald"}]},{"reference":"\"National Register Information System\". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP","url_text":"\"National Register Information System\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places","url_text":"National Register of Historic Places"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service","url_text":"National Park Service"}]},{"reference":"\"National Register of Historic Places Listings\". Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 9/01/14 through 9/05/14. National Park Service. September 12, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20140912.htm","url_text":"\"National Register of Historic Places Listings\""}]},{"reference":"\"Census of Population and Housing\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 4, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html","url_text":"\"Census of Population and Housing\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"Explore Census Data\". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 19, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US3766500&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2","url_text":"\"Explore Census Data\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sylva,_North_Carolina¶ms=35_22_27_N_83_13_4_W_region:US-NC_type:city(2578)","external_links_name":"35°22′27″N 83°13′4″W / 35.37417°N 83.21778°W / 35.37417; -83.21778"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sylva,_North_Carolina¶ms=35_22_27_N_83_13_4_W_region:US-NC_type:city(2578)","external_links_name":"35°22′27″N 83°13′4″W / 35.37417°N 83.21778°W / 35.37417; -83.21778"},{"Link":"http://www.townofsylva.org/","external_links_name":"www.townofsylva.org"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sylva,_North_Carolina&action=edit","external_links_name":"improve this section"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sylva%2C+North+Carolina%22","external_links_name":"\"Sylva, North Carolina\""},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sylva%2C+North+Carolina%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1","external_links_name":"news"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sylva%2C+North+Carolina%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks","external_links_name":"newspapers"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sylva%2C+North+Carolina%22+-wikipedia","external_links_name":"books"},{"Link":"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sylva%2C+North+Carolina%22","external_links_name":"scholar"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sylva%2C+North+Carolina%22&acc=on&wc=on","external_links_name":"JSTOR"},{"Link":"https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer","external_links_name":"\"ArcGIS REST Services Directory\""},{"Link":"https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/2406705","external_links_name":"U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Sylva, North Carolina"},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/","external_links_name":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/","external_links_name":"\"Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Sylva town, North Carolina\""},{"Link":"http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","external_links_name":"\"Find a County\""},{"Link":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP","external_links_name":"\"National Register Information System\""},{"Link":"http://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20140912.htm","external_links_name":"\"National Register of Historic Places Listings\""},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html","external_links_name":"\"Census of Population and Housing\""},{"Link":"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US3766500&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2","external_links_name":"\"Explore Census Data\""},{"Link":"https://www.nga.org/governor/dan-killian-moore/","external_links_name":"Dan Killian Moore - National Governors Association"},{"Link":"https://smokymountainnews.com/archives/item/26274-what-lies-beyond-the-horizon-porch-40-kicks-off-pour-40-tour-new-album","external_links_name":"[1]"},{"Link":"https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/SuttEd00.htm","external_links_name":"Ed Sutton Stats"},{"Link":"http://www.townofsylva.org/","external_links_name":"Town of Sylva official website"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/160523587","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534123205171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/area/fcb3dc88-9bad-43ae-8a82-416477406bbd","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz area"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belmont_High_School_(Los_Angeles,_California)
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Belmont High School (Los Angeles)
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["1 History","2 Belmont High School Small Learning Communities","2.1 All Rankings","3 Demographics","4 Academic performance","5 Notable faculty","6 Notable alumni","7 References","8 External links"]
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Coordinates: 34°3′42″N 118°15′45″W / 34.06167°N 118.26250°W / 34.06167; -118.26250School in Los Angeles, California
Belmont Senior High SchoolLocation1575 West Second StreetLos Angeles, California 90026Coordinates34°3′42″N 118°15′45″W / 34.06167°N 118.26250°W / 34.06167; -118.26250InformationTypePublicEstablishedSeptember 11, 1923School districtLos Angeles Unified School DistrictPrincipalElsa MendozaTeaching staff43.50 (FTE)Grades9–12Number of students778 (2019–20)Student to teacher ratio19.77CampusUrbanColor(s) Athletics conferenceCentral LeagueCIF Los Angeles City SectionNicknameSentinelsRivalsJohn Marshall High SchoolWebsiteOfficial website
Belmont Senior High School is a public high school located at 1575 West 2nd Street in the Westlake community of Los Angeles, California. The school, which serves grades 9 through 12, is part of the Los Angeles Unified School District.
History
Belmont High School athletic field showing City Hall at the lower left corner
Belmont High School opened in 1923.
The Hotel Belmont was the first noteworthy building to stand atop Crown Hill, the present site of Belmont High School. Eventually, the hotel was abandoned, and later it was transformed into the private Belmont School for Girls. After the school was destroyed by fire, the grounds were left vacant, except for five oil wells and a pumping plant for the Los Angeles City Oil Field. On February 28, 1921, the Los Angeles Board of Education purchased the site for $100,000, for the purpose of constructing Belmont High School.
Belmont opened its doors on September 11, 1923, to about 500 students, all sophomores, and 28 faculty members. Most of the school's traditions were created by those pioneer students during the first months of the school's existence. The school newspaper conducted an election to select its name, with "Sentinel" easily winning over "Progress." To this day, Belmont's students are known as Sentinels. Those first students favored “Sentinels" because they were able to oversee the entire city from their "lookout" on Crown Hill. In another election, the school's colors, green and black, were selected over brown and white. A mosaic mural by Joseph Young is located on the wall of the main building.
The 1923 Beaux-Arts campus was designed by Stanton & Stockwell, who designed several large civic buildings at the Civic Center, Los Angeles.
It was in the Los Angeles City High School District until 1961, when it merged into LAUSD.
Belmont High School was once the largest school in California, due to the density of the Westlake district, which it served. It was also considered the largest school in the United States, with 6,342 students. What was formerly the attendance area for Belmont High School has now become the Belmont Zone of Choice, where students have the option of attending one of nineteen small learning communities or pilot schools located on four different campuses within the zone: Belmont High School, Miguel Contreras Learning Complex, Edward Roybal Learning Center, and Ramon C. Cortinez School of Visual and Performing Arts.
Of these, the Miguel Contreras Learning Complex was opened in 2006, sharing Belmont's attendance zone, after LAUSD had begun as early as 2000 to devise plans to relieve Belmont of many of its students. The West Adams Preparatory High School opened in 2007, further relieving Belmont; a section of the Manual Arts High School attendance zone was transferred to Belmont. The High School for the Visual and Performing Arts (formerly known as Central Los Angeles Area High School 9) opened in 2008. Central Los Angeles High School 11 (Edward R. Roybal (formerly Belmont) Learning Center), Central Los Angeles High School 12, and the Felicitas and Gonzalo Mendez Learning Centers all opened in 2009.
Belmont underwent a major modernization beginning around 2005. The school was renovated, and new paint, bathrooms, doors, walls, and ceiling tiles were added. Facilities were also updated throughout the school campus to accommodate those with special needs (for example, the addition of wheelchair ramps). From the 2010 school year, it became a 6th through 12th grade school, with Sal Castro Middle School being located on the campus. The Belmont football stadium was named for Dentler Erdmann, its long-time faculty member.
In 2011 the school was restructured, with most teachers having to reapply for their jobs. The new academic program involves learning English, Spanish, and Mandarin.
Belmont High School Small Learning Communities
Belmont High School hosts three Small Learning Communities (SLC's; also called academies) which specialize in a career pathway:
LAAMPS (Los Angeles Academy of Medical and Public Service), with courses in first responders and medical terminology
SAGE (Science, Art and Green Engineering), with courses in automotive technology, drafting, and computer assisted design
Belmont Multimedia Academy, with courses in filmmaking, cartooning & animation, digital photography, digital imaging, and web page design
All Rankings
US News 2021 Rankings
100 in Los Angeles Unified School District High Schools
379 in Los Angeles metropolitan area High Schools
1,122 in California High Schools
9,907 in National Rankins
US News 2020 Rankings
153 in Los Angeles Unified School District High Schools
353 in Los Angeles metropolitan area High Schools
1048 in California High Schools
8,688 in National Rankins
Demographics
Demographics of student body
Ethnic Breakdown
2021
2020
American Indian/Alaskan Native
0%
0%
Hispanic and Latino American
88%
87%
Black
2%
2%
Asian American
7%
6%
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander Americans
0%
0%
White
3%
3%
Multiracial Americans
0.5%
1%
Female
40%
40%
Male
60%
60%
As of 2016 the school had about 1,000 students, 25% of whom were of Central American origin. Some of those students immigrated without their parents.
As of December 2013 the school had fewer than 1,000 students.
The school was built for a capacity of 2,500 students, and when it opened in 1923 it had about 500 students. Due to an enrollment decline in the 1950s the Los Angeles City High School District considered closing Belmont. By the 1990s the school had its peak enrollment, 5,500 students, making it California's largest high school and one of the largest in the United States. During that period many students were reassigned to and sent on buses to schools in the San Fernando Valley because there were too many students in Belmont. In the 1997–1998 school year the school had 5,160 students. At the time, the school's dropout rate was 65% and in terms of its four-year graduation rate it ranked lower than 96% of Los Angeles County high schools. 72% of the enrolled students took free lunches.
The enrollment declined in the 2000s due to the opening of charter schools and LAUSD opening schools to relieve capacity. In 2001 the LAUSD began a building campaign to relieve the capacity of the school.
Due to overcrowding, Belmont had a year-round schedule for 26 years, until the 2008 opening of the Edward R. Roybal Learning Center. After the opening Belmont resumed having a traditional two-year school schedule.
Academic performance
In 2011 the school had an Academic Performance Index (API) of 639, an improvement of almost 100 points in a two-year period. Jason Song of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the score was "still poor". In 2013 its API was 668, an increase of over 175 points from the 2002 figure. The State of California API goal is 800.
Notable faculty
Sal Castro (1933-2013), activist (faculty)
Notable alumni
Veronica Porché Ali, (1955–present), actress, model
Patrick Arguello (1943–1970), US-Nicaraguan national killed in the attempted hijack of an El Al flight, as carried out by the PFLP.
John Beradino (1917–1996) (born Giovanni Berardino), actor, major league baseball player
Ron Botchan, NFL official
Irwin Corey (1914–2017), American comic, film & television actor, and activist
James C. Corman (1920–2000), Congressman, Los Angeles City Councilman
Richard Crenna (1926–2003), actor
Brad Dexter (1917-2002), actor and film producer
Thelma "Tiby" Eisen (1922-2014), baseball player
Craig Ellwood (1922–1992), architect
Abel Fernandez (1930–2016), actor with Robert Stack on The Untouchables
Mike Frankovich (1909–1992), film producer
Doknow (2014–2018), comedian
Robert Foley. Medal of Honor recipient, retired as U.S. Army Lieutenant General
Murray Fromson, CBS News correspondent and USC professor
Luis (Lou) Gomez, MLB player
Jacinto Guevara, artist, musician
Odetta Holmes (1930–2008), folk singer, activist
David A. Karnofsky (1914–1969) physician, medical oncologist, known for the Karnofsky score
Young-Oak Kim (1919–2005), highly decorated combat veteran; 1937 graduate
Willa Kim (1917–2016), 2007 Theatre Hall of Fame inductee, two time Tony and Emmy Award-winning costume designer and 1935 graduate of Belmont; the older sister of Young-Oak Kim.
Ralph Lazo (1924–1992), civil rights activist
Richard Lee-Sung - actor, Purple Heart recipient, Korean War
Glenard P. Lipscomb (1915–1970), Congressman
Robert Lyles, NFL player
John McCarthy (1927–2011), computer scientist, coined the term artificial intelligence, invented LISP family of programming languages, won the ACM Turing award in 1971
Loren Miller Jr., Los Angeles County Superior Court Judge
Ricardo Montalbán (1920–2009), actor
Anthony Quinn (1915–2001), actor
Mort Sahl, humorist
Reiko Sato, (1931–1981), dancer and actress
William Sidell (1915–1994), labor leader
Jack Smith (1916–1996), columnist, journalist
Mike Stoller, songwriter
Robert Mitsuhiro Takasugi, United States district judge
Coy Watson Jr. (1912–2009), child actor, Hollywood Walk of Fame, the Watson Family
Delmar Watson (1926–2008), actor, photo-journalist, Hollywood Walk of Fame, the Watson Family
Harry R. Watson (1921–2001), actor, photo-journalist, Hollywood Walk of Fame, the Watson Family
Jack Webb (1920–1982), producer, director, actor
References
^ a b c "Belmont Senior High". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved November 23, 2021.
^ Mario Villegas, A 'Classic' for many reasons, ESPN Los Angeles, November 4, 2010
^ Westlake, City of Los Angeles, department of City planning.
^ Belmont High Alumni
^ "Belmont High School", Los Angeles Conservancy
^ "Los Angeles City School District". Los Angeles Unified School District. Archived from the original on 1998-02-07. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
^ "Central LA Area New HS #10, 55.98039." Los Angeles Unified School District. Accessed October 29, 2008.
^ "Regular Meeting Order of Business." Los Angeles Unified School District. Tuesday June 27, 2000.
^ Proposed Changes to West Adams Preparatory High School Area Schools, School Year 2007-2008 Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Facilities and Services division, L.A. Schools.
^ Central LA Area New HS #9, 55.98037, Facilities and Services division, L.A. Schools.
^ Central L.A. Area New H.S. #9, Facilities and Services division, L.A. Schools.
^ Central LA HS #11, 55.98107, Facilities and Services division, L.A. Schools.
^
^ "2. Proposed Changes to Lincoln High School Area Schools, School Year 2009-2010." Los Angeles Unified School District. Retrieved on March 17, 2010.(registration required)
^ a b Song, Jason. "Struggling Belmont High to be restructured." Los Angeles Times. January 27, 2011. Retrieved on March 29, 2014.
^ "usnews". Retrieved 2021-08-27.
^ "usnews". Retrieved 2019-08-11.
^ "usnews". Retrieved 2020-12-16.
^ Carcamo, Cindy (2016-07-16). "Nearly 1 in 4 students at this L.A. high school migrated from Central America — many without their parents". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2016-10-25. - Spanish version: Uno de cuatro estudiantes en esta preparatoria migró de Centroamérica, muchos sin sus padres
^ a b c d Ceasar, Stephen (2011-12-25). "Lower enrollment at once-crowded Belmont High brings mixed results". Los Angeles Times. p. 1.
^ Chelton, Mary K. (Young Adult Library Services Association). Excellence in Library Services to Young Adults: The Nation's Top Programs. American Library Association, 2000. p. 73. ISBN 0838907865, 9780838907863.
^ Blume, Howard (2008-08-10). "New name, new life for Belmont school". Los Angeles Times. p. 1.
^ XISPAS interview with Sal Castro, parts one Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine and two Archived 2008-06-02 at the Wayback Machine
^ American Experience: Hijacked, PBS.org, Feb. 24, 2006
^ a b c d e f Belmont Alumni
^ Ron Botchan: "I'm Just Coachable", Referee, 2000
^ Shapiro, T. Rees; Shapiro, T. Rees (2017-02-07). "Irwin Corey, comic who styled himself the World's Foremost Authority, dies at 102". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-02-07.
^ Kilgannon, Corey (2011-10-11). "A Familiar Figure Begs on the Street, but Not for Himself". City Room Blog. The New York Times. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
^ a b c Ramos, Lydia. "Melting Pot of Belmont High Brims With Hopes and Plans Series: OUR SCHOOLS: A Closeup View; One of an occasional series." Los Angeles Times. May 2, 1991. Nuestro Tiempo, Metro Desk. Page 4.
^ California Modern, the Architecture of Craig Ellwood, by Neil Jackson
^ a b c d e f g The Baseball Cube Belmont alumni Archived 2010-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
^ DoKnowsWorld Archived 2010-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Medal of Honor Recipients To Speak At Belmont High Sept. 16". Belmontonian. September 1, 2015.
^ Burman, Jenny (21 July 2011). "Artist Jacinto Guevara Returns to Echo Park". Echo Park-Silver Lake, CA Patch. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
^ Los Angeles Times
^ IMDb
^ Databasefootball.com Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
^ Biographical sketch: (15-Sep-1999)
^ Los Angeles Times obituaries, January 10, 1996
^ Andres, Holly J. "Famed news photographer Delmar Watson dies Archived 2012-06-29 at the Wayback Machine." Daily News. October 28, 2008.
^ Pool, Bob. "Star Shines Brightly for Hollywood's First Family; Movies: The Watson clan of former child actors finally receives recognition for its pioneering contribution to films Archived 2009-07-15 at the Wayback Machine." Los Angeles Times, April 23, 1999. Metro Part B Metro Desk Page 1
^ Campanile 1938, Belmont High School, 1938
^ Just the Facts, Ma'am; The Authorized Biography of Jack Webb, Creator of Dragnet, Adam-12, and Emergency by Daniel Moyer and Eugene Alvarez
External links
Greater Los Angeles portalSchools portal
Belmont High School
vteLos Angeles Unified School DistrictK–12 schools
James A. Foshay Learning Center
Marlton School (special school)
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6–12 schools
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Authority control databases: Geographic
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Roybal (formerly Belmont) Learning Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_R._Roybal_Learning_Center"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Felicitas and Gonzalo Mendez Learning Centers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felicitas_and_Gonzalo_Mendez_Learning_Centers"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Sal Castro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_Castro"},{"link_name":"Dentler Erdmann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentler_Erdmann"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SongStruggling-15"}],"text":"Belmont High School athletic field showing City Hall at the lower left cornerBelmont High School opened in 1923.[4]The Hotel Belmont was the first noteworthy building to stand atop Crown Hill, the present site of Belmont High School. Eventually, the hotel was abandoned, and later it was transformed into the private Belmont School for Girls. After the school was destroyed by fire, the grounds were left vacant, except for five oil wells and a pumping plant for the Los Angeles City Oil Field. On February 28, 1921, the Los Angeles Board of Education purchased the site for $100,000, for the purpose of constructing Belmont High School.Belmont opened its doors on September 11, 1923, to about 500 students, all sophomores, and 28 faculty members. Most of the school's traditions were created by those pioneer students during the first months of the school's existence. The school newspaper conducted an election to select its name, with \"Sentinel\" easily winning over \"Progress.\" To this day, Belmont's students are known as Sentinels. Those first students favored “Sentinels\" because they were able to oversee the entire city from their \"lookout\" on Crown Hill. In another election, the school's colors, green and black, were selected over brown and white. A mosaic mural by Joseph Young is located on the wall of the main building.The 1923 Beaux-Arts campus was designed by Stanton & Stockwell, who designed several large civic buildings at the Civic Center, Los Angeles.[5]It was in the Los Angeles City High School District until 1961, when it merged into LAUSD.[6]Belmont High School was once the largest school in California, due to the density of the Westlake district, which it served. It was also considered the largest school in the United States, with 6,342 students. What was formerly the attendance area for Belmont High School has now become the Belmont Zone of Choice, where students have the option of attending one of nineteen small learning communities or pilot schools located on four different campuses within the zone: Belmont High School, Miguel Contreras Learning Complex, Edward Roybal Learning Center, and Ramon C. Cortinez School of Visual and Performing Arts.Of these, the Miguel Contreras Learning Complex was opened in 2006, sharing Belmont's attendance zone,[7] after LAUSD had begun as early as 2000 to devise plans to relieve Belmont of many of its students.[8] The West Adams Preparatory High School opened in 2007, further relieving Belmont; a section of the Manual Arts High School attendance zone was transferred to Belmont.[9] The High School for the Visual and Performing Arts (formerly known as Central Los Angeles Area High School 9)[10][11] opened in 2008. Central Los Angeles High School 11 (Edward R. Roybal (formerly Belmont) Learning Center),[12] Central Los Angeles High School 12,[13] and the Felicitas and Gonzalo Mendez Learning Centers all opened in 2009.[14]Belmont underwent a major modernization beginning around 2005. The school was renovated, and new paint, bathrooms, doors, walls, and ceiling tiles were added. Facilities were also updated throughout the school campus to accommodate those with special needs (for example, the addition of wheelchair ramps). From the 2010 school year, it became a 6th through 12th grade school, with Sal Castro Middle School being located on the campus. The Belmont football stadium was named for Dentler Erdmann, its long-time faculty member.In 2011 the school was restructured, with most teachers having to reapply for their jobs. 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Roybal Learning Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_R._Roybal_Learning_Center"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"}],"text":"As of 2016[update] the school had about 1,000 students, 25% of whom were of Central American origin. Some of those students immigrated without their parents.[19]As of December 2013 the school had fewer than 1,000 students.[20]The school was built for a capacity of 2,500 students, and when it opened in 1923 it had about 500 students. Due to an enrollment decline in the 1950s the Los Angeles City High School District considered closing Belmont. By the 1990s the school had its peak enrollment, 5,500 students, making it California's largest high school and one of the largest in the United States. During that period many students were reassigned to and sent on buses to schools in the San Fernando Valley because there were too many students in Belmont.[20] In the 1997–1998 school year the school had 5,160 students. At the time, the school's dropout rate was 65% and in terms of its four-year graduation rate it ranked lower than 96% of Los Angeles County high schools. 72% of the enrolled students took free lunches.[21]The enrollment declined in the 2000s due to the opening of charter schools and LAUSD opening schools to relieve capacity. In 2001 the LAUSD began a building campaign to relieve the capacity of the school.[20]Due to overcrowding, Belmont had a year-round schedule for 26 years, until the 2008 opening of the Edward R. Roybal Learning Center. After the opening Belmont resumed having a traditional two-year school schedule.[22]","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Academic Performance Index","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_Performance_Index"},{"link_name":"Los Angeles Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SongStruggling-15"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ceasarmixed1-20"}],"text":"In 2011 the school had an Academic Performance Index (API) of 639, an improvement of almost 100 points in a two-year period. Jason Song of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the score was \"still poor\".[15] In 2013 its API was 668, an increase of over 175 points from the 2002 figure. The State of California API goal is 800.[20]","title":"Academic performance"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sal Castro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_Castro"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"Sal Castro (1933-2013), activist (faculty)[23]","title":"Notable faculty"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Veronica Porché Ali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica_Porch%C3%A9_Ali"},{"link_name":"Patrick Arguello","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Arg%C3%BCello"},{"link_name":"El Al","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Al"},{"link_name":"flight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawson%27s_Field_hijackings"},{"link_name":"PFLP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"John Beradino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Beradino"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BelmontAlumni-25"},{"link_name":"Ron Botchan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Botchan"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"Irwin Corey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irwin_Corey"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"James C. Corman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Corman"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BelmontAlumni-25"},{"link_name":"Richard Crenna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Crenna"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MeltingPot-29"},{"link_name":"Brad Dexter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Dexter"},{"link_name":"Thelma \"Tiby\" Eisen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thelma_Eisen"},{"link_name":"Craig Ellwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Ellwood"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"Abel Fernandez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel_Fernandez"},{"link_name":"Robert Stack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Stack"},{"link_name":"The Untouchables","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Untouchables_(1959_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Mike Frankovich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Frankovich"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Baseballcube-31"},{"link_name":"Doknow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doknow&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DoKnow-32"},{"link_name":"Robert Foley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Foley"},{"link_name":"Medal of Honor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_of_Honor"},{"link_name":"Lieutenant General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_General"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"Murray Fromson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Fromson"},{"link_name":"CBS News","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News"},{"link_name":"USC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Southern_California"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Baseballcube-31"},{"link_name":"Luis (Lou) Gomez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_(Lou)_Gomez"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Baseballcube-31"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Burman_2011-34"},{"link_name":"Odetta Holmes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odetta_Holmes"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"David A. Karnofsky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_A._Karnofsky"},{"link_name":"Karnofsky score","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnofsky_score"},{"link_name":"Young-Oak Kim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young-Oak_Kim"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BelmontAlumni-25"},{"link_name":"Willa Kim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willa_Kim"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BelmontAlumni-25"},{"link_name":"Ralph Lazo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Lazo"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"Glenard P. Lipscomb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenard_P._Lipscomb"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Baseballcube-31"},{"link_name":"Robert Lyles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lyles"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"John McCarthy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"Loren Miller Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loren_Miller_(judge)"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BelmontAlumni-25"},{"link_name":"Ricardo Montalbán","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Montalb%C3%A1n"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Baseballcube-31"},{"link_name":"Anthony Quinn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Quinn"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Baseballcube-31"},{"link_name":"Mort Sahl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mort_Sahl"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MeltingPot-29"},{"link_name":"Reiko Sato","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiko_Sato"},{"link_name":"William Sidell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Sidell"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Jack Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Smith_(columnist)"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"Mike Stoller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Stoller"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BelmontAlumni-25"},{"link_name":"Robert Mitsuhiro Takasugi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mitsuhiro_Takasugi"},{"link_name":"Coy Watson Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coy_Watson_Jr."},{"link_name":"Hollywood Walk of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stars_on_the_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Baseballcube-31"},{"link_name":"Delmar Watson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delmar_Watson"},{"link_name":"Hollywood Walk of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stars_on_the_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FamedPhotographer-40"},{"link_name":"Harry R. Watson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_R._Watson"},{"link_name":"Hollywood Walk of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stars_on_the_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-StarShines-41"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"Jack Webb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Webb"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MeltingPot-29"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"}],"text":"Veronica Porché Ali, (1955–present), actress, model\nPatrick Arguello (1943–1970), US-Nicaraguan national killed in the attempted hijack of an El Al flight, as carried out by the PFLP.[24]\nJohn Beradino (1917–1996) (born Giovanni Berardino), actor, major league baseball player[25]\nRon Botchan, NFL official[26]\nIrwin Corey (1914–2017), American comic, film & television actor, and activist[27][28]\nJames C. Corman (1920–2000), Congressman, Los Angeles City Councilman[25]\nRichard Crenna (1926–2003), actor[29]\nBrad Dexter (1917-2002), actor and film producer\nThelma \"Tiby\" Eisen (1922-2014), baseball player\nCraig Ellwood (1922–1992), architect[30]\nAbel Fernandez (1930–2016), actor with Robert Stack on The Untouchables\nMike Frankovich (1909–1992), film producer[31]\nDoknow (2014–2018), comedian[32]\nRobert Foley. Medal of Honor recipient, retired as U.S. Army Lieutenant General[33]\nMurray Fromson, CBS News correspondent and USC professor[31]\nLuis (Lou) Gomez, MLB player[31]\nJacinto Guevara, artist, musician[34]\nOdetta Holmes (1930–2008), folk singer, activist[35]\nDavid A. Karnofsky (1914–1969) physician, medical oncologist, known for the Karnofsky score\nYoung-Oak Kim (1919–2005), highly decorated combat veteran; 1937 graduate[25]\nWilla Kim (1917–2016), 2007 Theatre Hall of Fame inductee, two time Tony and Emmy Award-winning costume designer and 1935 graduate of Belmont; the older sister of Young-Oak Kim.[25]\nRalph Lazo (1924–1992), civil rights activist\nRichard Lee-Sung - actor, Purple Heart recipient, Korean War[36]\nGlenard P. Lipscomb (1915–1970), Congressman[31]\nRobert Lyles, NFL player[37]\nJohn McCarthy (1927–2011), computer scientist, coined the term artificial intelligence, invented LISP family of programming languages, won the ACM Turing award in 1971[38]\nLoren Miller Jr., Los Angeles County Superior Court Judge[25]\nRicardo Montalbán (1920–2009), actor[31]\nAnthony Quinn (1915–2001), actor[31]\nMort Sahl, humorist[29]\nReiko Sato, (1931–1981), dancer and actress\nWilliam Sidell (1915–1994), labor leader[citation needed]\nJack Smith (1916–1996), columnist, journalist[39]\nMike Stoller, songwriter[25]\nRobert Mitsuhiro Takasugi, United States district judge\nCoy Watson Jr. (1912–2009), child actor, Hollywood Walk of Fame, the Watson Family[31]\nDelmar Watson (1926–2008), actor, photo-journalist, Hollywood Walk of Fame, the Watson Family[40]\nHarry R. Watson (1921–2001), actor, photo-journalist, Hollywood Walk of Fame, the Watson Family[41][42]\nJack Webb (1920–1982), producer, director, actor[29][43]","title":"Notable alumni"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Belmont High School athletic field showing City Hall at the lower left corner","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Belmont_Field.jpg/251px-Belmont_Field.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Belmont Senior High\". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved November 23, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=0622710&SchoolPageNum=8&ID=062271007751","url_text":"\"Belmont Senior High\""}]},{"reference":"\"Los Angeles City School District\". Los Angeles Unified School District. Archived from the original on 1998-02-07. Retrieved 2020-10-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/19980207051712/www.lausd.k12.ca.us/lausd/history/schoollist.html","url_text":"\"Los Angeles City School District\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Unified_School_District","url_text":"Los Angeles Unified School District"},{"url":"http://www.lausd.k12.ca.us/lausd/history/schoollist.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"usnews\". Retrieved 2021-08-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/california/districts/los-angeles-unified-school-district/belmont-senior-high-2608","url_text":"\"usnews\""}]},{"reference":"\"usnews\". Retrieved 2019-08-11.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/california/districts/los-angeles-unified-school-district/belmont-senior-high-2608","url_text":"\"usnews\""}]},{"reference":"\"usnews\". Retrieved 2020-12-16.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/california/districts/los-angeles-unified-school-district/belmont-senior-high-26081","url_text":"\"usnews\""}]},{"reference":"Carcamo, Cindy (2016-07-16). \"Nearly 1 in 4 students at this L.A. high school migrated from Central America — many without their parents\". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2016-10-25.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-belmont-high-school-20160710-snap-story.html","url_text":"\"Nearly 1 in 4 students at this L.A. high school migrated from Central America — many without their parents\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times","url_text":"Los Angeles Times"}]},{"reference":"Ceasar, Stephen (2011-12-25). \"Lower enrollment at once-crowded Belmont High brings mixed results\". Los Angeles Times. p. 1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times","url_text":"Los Angeles Times"},{"url":"http://articles.latimes.com/2013/dec/25/local/la-me-belmont-high-20131226","url_text":"1"}]},{"reference":"Blume, Howard (2008-08-10). \"New name, new life for Belmont school\". Los Angeles Times. p. 1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times","url_text":"Los Angeles Times"},{"url":"http://articles.latimes.com/2008/aug/10/local/me-belmont10","url_text":"1"}]},{"reference":"Shapiro, T. Rees; Shapiro, T. Rees (2017-02-07). \"Irwin Corey, comic who styled himself the World's Foremost Authority, dies at 102\". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-02-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/irwin-corey-comic-who-styled-himself-the-worlds-foremost-authority-dies-at-102/2017/02/07/b39560ae-ed36-11e6-b4ff-ac2cf509efe5_story.html","url_text":"\"Irwin Corey, comic who styled himself the World's Foremost Authority, dies at 102\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286","url_text":"0190-8286"}]},{"reference":"Kilgannon, Corey (2011-10-11). \"A Familiar Figure Begs on the Street, but Not for Himself\". City Room Blog. The New York Times. Retrieved February 7, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/11/a-familiar-figure-begs-on-the-street-but-not-for-himself","url_text":"\"A Familiar Figure Begs on the Street, but Not for Himself\""}]},{"reference":"\"Medal of Honor Recipients To Speak At Belmont High Sept. 16\". Belmontonian. September 1, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://belmontonian.com/news/medal-of-honor-recipients-to-speak-at-belmont-high-sept-16/","url_text":"\"Medal of Honor Recipients To Speak At Belmont High Sept. 16\""}]},{"reference":"Burman, Jenny (21 July 2011). \"Artist Jacinto Guevara Returns to Echo Park\". Echo Park-Silver Lake, CA Patch. Retrieved 29 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://patch.com/california/echopark/artist-jacinto-guevara-returns-to-echo-park","url_text":"\"Artist Jacinto Guevara Returns to Echo Park\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosio_O%27Higgins,_1st_Marquess_of_Osorno
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Ambrosio O'Higgins, 1st Marquess of Osorno
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["1 Early life","2 In Chile","3 As Governor of Chile","3.1 Malaspina Expedition","3.2 Huilliche uprising of 1792","3.3 Parliaments of 1793","4 As Viceroy of Peru","5 Genealogy","5.1 Descendants","6 Legacy","7 See also","8 Notes","9 Sources","10 External links"]
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Irish-Spanish colonial administrator
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In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is O'Higgins and the second or maternal family name is also O'Higgins.
The Most ExcellentThe Marquess of OsornoKOS36th Viceroy of PeruIn office24 July 1796 – 18 March 1801MonarchCharles IVPrime MinisterManuel de GodoyPreceded byFrancisco Gil de TaboadaSucceeded byManuel ArredondoRoyal Governor of ChileIn officeMay 1788 – 16 May 1796MonarchCharles IVPrime MinisterThe Count of FloridablancaPreceded byAmbrosio de BenavidesSucceeded byJosé de Rezabal
Personal detailsBornc. 1720Ballynary, County Sligo, IrelandDied19 March 1801(1801-03-19) (aged 80–81)Lima, PeruChildrenBernardo O'Higgins
Ambrosio Bernardo O'Higgins y O'Higgins, 1st Marquess of Osorno (c. 1720 – 19 March 1801) born Ambrose Bernard O'Higgins (Ambrós Bearnárd Ó hUiginn, in Irish), was an Irish-Spanish colonial administrator and a member of the O'Higgins family.
He served the Spanish Empire as captain general (i.e., military governor) of Chile (1788–1796) and viceroy of Peru (1796–1801). He was the father of Chilean independence leader Bernardo O'Higgins
Early life
A member of the O'Higgins family, Ambrose was born at his family's ancestral seat in Ballynary, County Sligo, Ireland. He was the son of Charles O'Higgins and his wife (and kinswoman) Margaret O'Higgins, were forced both off their lands in 1654 by Oliver Cromwell and became tenant farmers at Clondoogan near Summerhill, County Meath ca. 1721. Along with other members of his family Ambrose worked in the service of the Rowley-Langford family of Summerhill House.
In 1751, O'Higgins arrived at Cádiz, where he dedicated himself to commerce as an employee of the Butler Trading House. As an Irishman and a Catholic, he was able to emigrate legally to Spanish America in 1756. Once there, and for some time, he was an itinerant trader in Venezuela, New Granada, and Peru, but, being investigated by the Inquisition, he moved to La Plata Colony, in present-day Argentina, where he tried some commercial ventures. From there, O'Higgins proposed to open easy communication between Chile and Mendoza by a way over the Andes, and, his proposition being accepted, he was employed to supervise the project.
In Chile
About 1760, O'Higgins enrolled in the Spanish Imperial Service as draughtsman and then engineer. He was directly responsible for the establishment of a reliable postal service between La Plata colony and the General Captaincy of Chile. On his first harrowing journey over the Andes mountains separating Argentina and Chile during the winter of 1763–64, O'Higgins conceived the idea of a chain of weatherproof shelters. By 1766, thanks to O'Higgins' efficient execution of this plan, Chile enjoyed all-year overland postal service with Argentina, which had previously been cut off for several months each winter.
In 1764, John Garland, another Irish engineer at the service of Spain who was military governor of Valdivia, convinced him to move to the neighbouring, and less established, colony of Chile as his assistant. He was initially commissioned as a junior subaltern in the Spanish army.
Following the designs of O'Higgins the mountain huts known as Casuchas del Rey were built in the 1760s to secure communications across the Andes.
In 1770 the Governor of Chile appointed him, now in his late forties, captain of a column of cavalry to resist the attacks of the Araucanian Indians, whom he defeated, recovered big swathes of territory that had been lost by the Spaniards and founding the fort of San Carlos in the south of the province of Arauco. He proved a generous victor, gaining the good-will of the Indians by his humanity and benevolence.
He rose quickly in the ranks. On 7 September 1777, the viceroy Manuel de Amat promoted him to colonel. He soon rose to be brigadier, and in 1786 the viceroy Teodoro de Croix appointed him Intendant of Concepción. In 1788, in return for his efforts in South America, King Charles III of Spain created O'Higgins 1st Barón de Ballinar (a title in the peerage of Spain, and not to be confused with the family's existing Gaelic title), and promoted him to major-general. Soon afterward he became Captain General and Governor of Chile.
As Governor of Chile
As governor of Chile, one of the most troublesome, poor, and remote of Spanish outposts, O'Higgins was extremely active, promoting the construction of a definitive road between the capital Santiago and the port of Valparaíso (part of the layout of which is still in use today), continued the building of the Palacio de la Moneda in Santiago, improved roads, and erected permanent dikes along the banks of the Mapocho river which regularly flooded Santiago. He founded cities including San Ambrosio de Ballenary, now Vallenar (1789); Villa de San Francisco de Borja de Combarbalá, now Combarbalá (1789); Villa San Rafael de Rozas, now Illapel (1789); Santa Rosa de los Andes, now Los Andes (1791); San José de Maipo (1792); Nueva Bilbao, now Constitución (1794); Villa de San Ambrosio de Linares, now Linares (1794), and Villa Reina Luisa del Parral, now Parral (1795).
He focused on developing the resources of the country, with an enlightened policy that accomplished much for Spanish interest, but also paved the way for later events in the country's history. He improved communications and trade with other Spanish colonies, based on a growing agricultural base. He abolished the encomienda system whereby natives were forced to work the land for the crown, an act reinforced by royal decree in 1791. He was made lieutenant-general in 1794.
O'Higgins was an early proponent of rice and sugar cane cultivation in Chile during his rule between 1788 and 1796. Rice cultivation in Chile did however only began more than a century after his rule around 1920.
Malaspina Expedition
In February 1787, the frigate Astrea under the command of Alessandro Malaspina called at Talcahuano, the port of Concepcion, in the course of a commercial circumnavigation of the world on behalf of the Royal Philippines Company. O'Higgins was military governor there at the time, and six months before had recommended that Spain organize an expedition to the Pacific similar to those led by Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse and James Cook. O'Higgins had made this recommendation following the visit of the Lapérouse expedition to Concepcion in March 1786, and he presumably discussed it with Malaspina while the Astrea was at Concepcion. Following the Astrea's return to Spain, Malaspina produced, in partnership with José de Bustamante, a proposal for an expedition along the lines set out in O'Higgins' memorandum.
A short time later, on 14 October 1788, Malaspina was informed of the government's acceptance of his plan. José de Espinoza y Tello, one of the officers of the Malaspina expedition, subsequently confirmed the importance of the information sent by O'Higgins in stimulating the Government to initiate an extensive program of exploration in the Pacific. The prompt acceptance of O'Higgins's and Malaspina's proposal was also stimulated by news from St. Petersburg of preparations for a Russian expedition (the Mulovsky expedition) to the North Pacific under the command of Grigori I. Mulovsky that had as one of its objectives the claiming of territory on the northwest coast of America around Nootka Sound that was also claimed at the time by Spain.
Huilliche uprising of 1792
Main article: Huilliche uprising of 1792
In 1784 the Governor of Chiloé, Francisco Hurtado del Pino, and Ambrosio O'Higgins had been ordered to open a route over Huilliche territory between Maullín and Valdivia. This caused alarm among the Huilliche of the plains of Osorno, who decided to ally with the Huilliche Aillarehues of the Bueno River valley and those around Lake Ranco to the north, and to request intervention by the Governor of Valdivia, Mariano Pusterla. The latter had good relations with the Huilliches of Río Bueno and Ranco because of his support for peaceful contact coupled with a religious mission, and refused to establish any new fort in the territory. On the other hand, the Governor of Chiloé, Francisco Hurtado, supported a hard line against the Huilliches and threatened them with military invasion.
In February 1789 the Treaty of Río Bueno was signed between Huilliche chiefs and colonial authorities. This treaty averted invasion from Chiloé, and gave the Huilliches of Osorno support from the Valdivia authorities against raids by the Aillarehue of Quilacahuín. At that point the Huilliches offered to facilitate the new Camino Real and to allow Spaniards to reoccupy Osorno, a city that had been abandoned in 1602. In 1792 O'Higgins rebuilt Osorno, and as a reward was created 1st Marquess of Osorno by King Charles IV in 1796.
The treaty also allowed Spaniards to settle and form haciendas north of the Bueno River. However, abuses in this settlement and a fast advance of new haciendas made several chiefs change their minds. The caciques Tangol from Río Bueno, Queipul and Catrihuala decided to form an alliance. The Huilliche Rebellion of 1792 ensued, beginning with the pillaging of haciendas and missions, and with the ultimate aim of attacking Valdivia, which despite being well defended from the north and west, seemed vulnerable to a land attack from the southeast.
Despite the limited extent of this rebellion, which never became a real threat to Valdivia, the Spanish authorities responded to it with rigour. Governor O'Higgins chose Captain Tomás de Figueroa to lead the reprisal. Figueroa set fire to Indian houses and croplands near his marching route, and arrested a large number of male Huilliches as suspected rebels. After that, the Spaniards considered it appropriate to enter into a new treaty with the Huilliche leaders, and a conference with this object was held in Las Canoas, in Osorno, in 1793. While in the treaty of Río Bueno the Spanish had been allowed to form haciendas only north of the Bueno River, establishing that watercourse as a de facto frontier, the Spaniards now acquired the right to set up haciendas south of it.
Parliaments of 1793
Main articles: Parliament of Negrete (1793) and Parliament of Las Canoas
The same year, 1793, a new parliament was held in Negrete on the northern frontier with the aim of ratifying and renewing the older Treaty of Lonquilmo from 1783. Copying older treaties, the King of Spain was confirmed as the sovereign of the Araucanía, while the possession of the land was reserved for the Mapuches, which resulted in a de jure sovereignty of the King of Spain but in a de facto independence of the Mapuche-controlled lands. The treaty celebrations were held from 4 March to 7 March, with many banquets of wine and meat being held for the numerous participants. The whole treaty cost 10.897 pesos, which was, according to Diego Barros Arana, an enormous amount of money, considering the size of Chile's treasury.
As Viceroy of Peru
Memorial plaque, Lima
In 1796, O'Higgins was appointed Viceroy of Peru, comprising present-day Peru and Chile. As Peru was the second richest colony after New Spain (Mexico) in the Spanish empire, the Viceroyship was one of the most prominent posts in all of Spanish America.
When war was declared between Britain and Spain in 1797, O'Higgins took active measures for the defense of the coast, strengthening the fortifications of Callao and constructing a fort in Pisco. He projected and constructed a new carriage-road from Lima to Callao, and his principal attention during his short administration was directed to the improvement of means of communication.
He died suddenly after a short illness in 1801, and was interred in the Iglesia de San Pablo, now the Jesuit-run Iglesia de San Pedro, Lima.
Genealogy
Archives in Spain and Ireland show that Ambrose O'Higgins was the son of Charles O'Higgins, of Ballynary, County Sligo (son of Roger O'Higgins, of Ballynary, County Sligo, and wife Margaret Brehan), and wife and cousin Margaret O'Higgins (daughter of William O'Higgins and wife Winnifred O'Fallon). Charles O'Higgins' grandfather, Sean Duff O'Higgins, held the Gaelic territorial title of Tiarna or Lord of Ballinary, and he was married to an O'Conor, daughter of the Royal House of O'Conor of Ballintober Castle, which ruled Ireland until the year 1000.
The O'Higgins family were a sept of the O'Neill dynasty who migrated to Sligo in the 12th century. As Gaelic nobles they had owned great expanses of land particularly in the Irish counties of Sligo and Westmeath, but with the expropriations of Catholics by Oliver Cromwell, and the deportation of tenants to County Sligo after the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland ca. 1654, the O'Higgins' lands became smaller and smaller.
Due to this encroachment into their land, the O'Higgins family migrated to Summerhill in County Meath, where they became lowly tenant farmers and worked in the service of the Rowley-Langford family. Their descendants remain in Summerhill however; Bridget O'Higgins who died in 1947 was the last in Summerhill to carry the family name as others had emigrated to the US and migrated to Dublin. The O'Higgins graves are located in The Moy and Agher cemeteries, both within the boundaries of the Roman Catholic parish of Dangan in Summerhill.
Descendants
Isabel Riquelme
Bernardo O'Higgins
In 1777, Ambrosio O'Higgins became acquainted with the powerful Riquelme family from Chillán, and fell in love with the daughter, Isabel Riquelme, almost forty years his junior (she was 18 or 19 at the time, while he was 57 years old). He promised marriage, but colonial law forbade marriage between public officials and criolla women without authorization of the crown. To disregard this law was to risk career and position. It is not known why he did not seek permission, but no marriage ensued even when Isabel became pregnant.
Isabel gave birth to Ambrosio's only son, Bernardo, in August 1778. Bernardo O'Higgins would later lead Chile to its independence from the Spanish Empire. Two years later, Isabel married Félix Rodríguez with whom she had a daughter, Rosa Rodríguez Riquelme. Though Ambrosio O'Higgins never saw or officially recognised his son as his legal heir, he paid for his education in England and left him a portion of his possessions in Peru and Chile.
Bernardo O'Higgins led Chile as Supreme Director from 1818 to 1823 when he was forced to resign and go into exile with his mother, sister and son Demetrio O'Higgins in Peru. Demetrio, who visited his relatives in Summerhill in 1862, had no sons and consequently all his descendants are in the female line.
Legacy
There are various towns, bays, and other Spanish discoveries in the Americas which were named after his birthplace during his time as Viceroy, such as Vallenar (originally named San Ambrosio de Ballenary, later Hispanicized to Vallenar) in Chile and Vallenar Bay in Alaska.
See also
Juan Albano Pereira Márquez
Lebian
Notes
^ In full, Spanish: Don Ambrosio O'Higgins , primer Marqués de Osorno, primer Marqués de Vallenar, primer Barón de Ballinar, Virrey del Perú, caballero de la orden de Santiago (Ricardo Donoso, El Marqués de Osorno: Don Ambrosio Higgins, Santiago, Publicaciones de la Universidad de Chile, 1942 p.53).
^ irishargentine.org
^ Stephen Clissold, "The O'Higgins of Chile" History Today (June 1957) 7#6 pp396-403; father and son.
^ a b The National Genealogical Office (Dublin), MS 165. pp. 396–399.
^ O’Rorke, T. (1889) The History of Sligo Town and County Vol. II – Conclusion (Dublin: Duffy & Company).
^ a b Ibañez Vergara, Jorge. Demetrio O'Higgins.
^ Donoso, Ricardo. (1941) "El Marqués de Osorno, Don Ambrosio Higgins" (Santiago: University of Chile Press).
^ Clissold, 1957.
^ Jeffs Munizaga, José Gabriel (6 March 2017). "Chile en el macrocircuito de la yerba mate. Auge y caída de un producto típico del Cono Sur americano" . Rivar: Revista Iberoamericana de Viticultura, Agroindustria y Ruralidad (in Spanish). 4 (11).
^ a b Paredes C., Mario; Becerra V., Viviana; Donosos Ñ., Gabriel (2021). "Historia de la producción de arroz en Chile. 1920-2020". In Paredes C., Mario; Becerra V., Viviana; Donosos Ñ., Gabriel (eds.). 100 años del cultivo del arroz en Chile en un contexto internacional 1920-2020. Colección Libros INIA - Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (in Spanish). Vol. 40. pp. 314–379.
^ Archivo Histórico Nacional (Madrid), Estado, legajo 4289. Also at Archivo Nacional de Chile, Fondo Vicuña Mackenna, vol.304, D, ff. 5–26. Published in Revista chilena de historia y geografía, no.107, 1946, pp.387–401.
^ "Noticia de las principales expediciones hechas por nuestras pilotos del Departamiento de San Blas al reconocimiento de la costa noroeste de America, desde el año de 1774 hasta el 1791, extractada de los diarios originales de aquellos navegantes", Novo y Colson, Viaje, p.428; cited in Warren L. Cook, Flood Tide of Empire, New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1973, p.115, and in Robert J. King, "Ambrose Higgins and the Malaspina Expedition", presented at the International Conference of the Association of Iberian and Latin American Studies of Australasia (AILASA 99), La Trobe University, Melbourne, July 1999. At: web.viu.ca Archived 2010-08-19 at the Wayback Machine
^ Pedro Normande to Floridablanca, St. Petersburg, 16 February 1787, Archivo Histórico Nacional (Madrid), Estado, legajo 4289; copy held at Library of Congress Manuscripts Division, Foreign Copying Project Reproductions; quoted in Anthony H. Hull, Spanish and Russian Rivalry in the North Pacific Regions of the New World, University of Alabama PhD thesis, UMI microfilm, pp. 113–7; and in Warren L. Cook, Flood Tide of Empire: Spain and the Pacific Northwest, 1543 1819, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1973, p.116.
^ Annals of the Four Masters, Books IV and V.
^ O’Rorke, T. (1889) "The History of Sligo Town and County Vol. II – Conclusion" (Dublin: Duffy & Company).
^ Place Names in Revillagigedo and Gravina Islands: Spanish and Irish heritage of Southeast Alaska
Sources
Clissold, Stephen. "The O'Higgins of Chile" History Today (June 1957) 7#6 pp396-403; father and son.
Barbier, Jacques A. "Tradition and Reform in Bourbon Chile: Ambrosio O'Higgins and Public Finances." The Americas 34.3 (1978): 381-399.
Murray, Edmundo. "Ambrose O'Higgins". Dictionary of Irish Latin American Biography. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
Barros Arana, Diego (1886). Historia Jeneral de Chile (in Spanish). Vol. VI. Santiago, Chile: Rafael Jover. ISBN 9780598482334.
Carvallo y Goyeneche, Vicente (1875). Miguel Luis Amunategui (ed.). Descripción Histórica y Geografía del Reino de Chile Vol. II (1626–1787). Coleccion de historiadores de Chile y documentos relativos a la historia nacional (in Spanish). Vol. IX (Instituto Chileno de Cultura Hispánica, Academia Chilena de la Historia ed.). Santiago, Chile: Imprenta de La Estrella de Chile. p. 483.
Donoso, Ricardo (1941). El Marqués de Osorno, Don Ambrosio Higgins (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Imprenta de la Universidad de Chile.
Fanning, Tim (2016). Paisanos: The Forgotten Irish Who Changed the Face of Latin America. Dublin: Gill Books. ISBN 978-0717171811.
Gay, Claudio (1848). Historia física y política de Chile (1749–1808) (in Spanish). Vol. IV. Paris, France: En casa del autor. p. 506.
Medina, José Toribio (1906). Diccionario Biográfico Colonial de Chile (PDF) (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Imprenta Elzeviriana. pp. 165–166 of 1, 006.
O'Higgins, Thomas. "The O'Higgins Clan Association". Retrieved 15 October 2008.
External links
"Ambrose Bernard O'Higgins" . Catholic Encyclopedia. 1913.
"O'Higgins, Ambrosio" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
Government offices
Preceded byAmbrosio de Benavides
Royal Governor of Chile 1788–1796
Succeeded byJosé de Rezabal
Preceded byFrancisco Gil de Taboada
Viceroy of Peru 1796–1801
Succeeded byManuel Arredondo
Military offices
Preceded byAmbrosio de Benavides
Captain General of Chile 1788–1796
Succeeded byJosé de Rezabal
Spanish nobility
New title
Marquess of Osorno 1792–1801
Succeeded byAbeyance
vteRoyal Governors of Chile
Valdivia
F. Villagra
Hurtado de Mendoza
F. Villagra
P. Villagra
Quiroga
Bravo de Saravia
Quiroga
Ruiz de Gamboa
Sotomayor
Viscarra
Óñez de Loyola
Viscarra
Quiñones
García de Ramón
Ribera
García de Ramón
Merlo de la Fuente
Jaraquemada
Ribera
Talaverano
Ulloa y Lemos
De la Cerda
Osores
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Spanish name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_name"},{"link_name":"surname","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Irish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_language"},{"link_name":"O'Higgins family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Higgins_family"},{"link_name":"Spanish Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Empire"},{"link_name":"captain general","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captaincy_General"},{"link_name":"Chile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile"},{"link_name":"viceroy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroy"},{"link_name":"Bernardo O'Higgins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_O%27Higgins"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is O'Higgins and the second or maternal family name is also O'Higgins.Ambrosio Bernardo O'Higgins y O'Higgins, 1st Marquess of Osorno[1] (c. 1720 – 19 March 1801[2]) born Ambrose Bernard O'Higgins (Ambrós Bearnárd Ó hUiginn, in Irish), was an Irish-Spanish colonial administrator and a member of the O'Higgins family.He served the Spanish Empire as captain general (i.e., military governor) of Chile (1788–1796) and viceroy of Peru (1796–1801). He was the father of Chilean independence leader Bernardo O'Higgins[3]","title":"Ambrosio O'Higgins, 1st Marquess of Osorno"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"O'Higgins family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Higgins_Family"},{"link_name":"Ballynary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballynary"},{"link_name":"County Sligo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Sligo"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MS165-4"},{"link_name":"Oliver Cromwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Summerhill, County Meath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerhill,_County_Meath"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Iba%C3%B1ez-6"},{"link_name":"Rowley-Langford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Langford"},{"link_name":"Summerhill House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerhill_House"},{"link_name":"Cádiz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1diz"},{"link_name":"Butler Trading House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Butler_Trading_House&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Spanish America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_America"},{"link_name":"the Inquisition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition"},{"link_name":"La Plata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata"},{"link_name":"Argentina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"A member of the O'Higgins family, Ambrose was born at his family's ancestral seat in Ballynary, County Sligo, Ireland. He was the son of Charles O'Higgins and his wife (and kinswoman) Margaret O'Higgins,[4] were forced both off their lands in 1654 by Oliver Cromwell[5] and became tenant farmers at Clondoogan near Summerhill, County Meath ca. 1721.[6] Along with other members of his family Ambrose worked in the service of the Rowley-Langford family of Summerhill House.In 1751, O'Higgins arrived at Cádiz, where he dedicated himself to commerce as an employee of the Butler Trading House. As an Irishman and a Catholic, he was able to emigrate legally to Spanish America in 1756. Once there, and for some time, he was an itinerant trader in Venezuela, New Granada, and Peru, but, being investigated by the Inquisition, he moved to La Plata Colony, in present-day Argentina, where he tried some commercial ventures. From there, O'Higgins proposed to open easy communication between Chile and Mendoza by a way over the Andes, and, his proposition being accepted, he was employed to supervise the project.[7]","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"draughtsman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing"},{"link_name":"engineer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineer"},{"link_name":"La Plata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Plata"},{"link_name":"Chile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile"},{"link_name":"Andes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andes"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"John Garland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Garland"},{"link_name":"Valdivia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdivia,_Chile"},{"link_name":"Chile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile"},{"link_name":"subaltern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaltern_(military)"},{"link_name":"Spanish army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_army"},{"link_name":"Casuchas del Rey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casuchas_del_Rey"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Jeff2017-9"},{"link_name":"Araucanian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araucanian"},{"link_name":"Arauco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araucan%C3%ADa_(historic_region)"},{"link_name":"Manuel de Amat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_de_Amat_y_Juniet"},{"link_name":"Teodoro de Croix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodoro_de_Croix"},{"link_name":"Concepción","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile"},{"link_name":"Charles III of Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain"},{"link_name":"Captain General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Governor_of_Chile#Appointed_by_Charles_IV"},{"link_name":"Governor of Chile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Governor_of_Chile#Appointed_by_Charles_IV"}],"text":"About 1760, O'Higgins enrolled in the Spanish Imperial Service as draughtsman and then engineer. He was directly responsible for the establishment of a reliable postal service between La Plata colony and the General Captaincy of Chile. On his first harrowing journey over the Andes mountains separating Argentina and Chile during the winter of 1763–64, O'Higgins conceived the idea of a chain of weatherproof shelters. By 1766, thanks to O'Higgins' efficient execution of this plan, Chile enjoyed all-year overland postal service with Argentina, which had previously been cut off for several months each winter.[8]In 1764, John Garland, another Irish engineer at the service of Spain who was military governor of Valdivia, convinced him to move to the neighbouring, and less established, colony of Chile as his assistant. He was initially commissioned as a junior subaltern in the Spanish army.Following the designs of O'Higgins the mountain huts known as Casuchas del Rey were built in the 1760s to secure communications across the Andes.[9]In 1770 the Governor of Chile appointed him, now in his late forties, captain of a column of cavalry to resist the attacks of the Araucanian Indians, whom he defeated, recovered big swathes of territory that had been lost by the Spaniards and founding the fort of San Carlos in the south of the province of Arauco. He proved a generous victor, gaining the good-will of the Indians by his humanity and benevolence.He rose quickly in the ranks. On 7 September 1777, the viceroy Manuel de Amat promoted him to colonel. He soon rose to be brigadier, and in 1786 the viceroy Teodoro de Croix appointed him Intendant of Concepción. In 1788, in return for his efforts in South America, King Charles III of Spain created O'Higgins 1st Barón de Ballinar (a title in the peerage of Spain, and not to be confused with the family's existing Gaelic title), and promoted him to major-general. Soon afterward he became Captain General and Governor of Chile.","title":"In Chile"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Santiago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago,_Chile"},{"link_name":"Valparaíso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso"},{"link_name":"Palacio de la Moneda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palacio_de_la_Moneda"},{"link_name":"Vallenar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallenar"},{"link_name":"Combarbalá","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combarbal%C3%A1"},{"link_name":"Illapel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illapel"},{"link_name":"Los Andes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Andes,_Chile"},{"link_name":"San José de Maipo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Maipo"},{"link_name":"Constitución","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n,_Chile"},{"link_name":"Linares","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linares,_Chile"},{"link_name":"Parral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parral,_Chile"},{"link_name":"encomienda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encomienda"},{"link_name":"sugar cane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_cane"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cienanos-10"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cienanos-10"}],"text":"As governor of Chile, one of the most troublesome, poor, and remote of Spanish outposts, O'Higgins was extremely active, promoting the construction of a definitive road between the capital Santiago and the port of Valparaíso (part of the layout of which is still in use today), continued the building of the Palacio de la Moneda in Santiago, improved roads, and erected permanent dikes along the banks of the Mapocho river which regularly flooded Santiago. He founded cities including San Ambrosio de Ballenary, now Vallenar (1789); Villa de San Francisco de Borja de Combarbalá, now Combarbalá (1789); Villa San Rafael de Rozas, now Illapel (1789); Santa Rosa de los Andes, now Los Andes (1791); San José de Maipo (1792); Nueva Bilbao, now Constitución (1794); Villa de San Ambrosio de Linares, now Linares (1794), and Villa Reina Luisa del Parral, now Parral (1795).He focused on developing the resources of the country, with an enlightened policy that accomplished much for Spanish interest, but also paved the way for later events in the country's history. He improved communications and trade with other Spanish colonies, based on a growing agricultural base. He abolished the encomienda system whereby natives were forced to work the land for the crown, an act reinforced by royal decree in 1791. He was made lieutenant-general in 1794.O'Higgins was an early proponent of rice and sugar cane cultivation in Chile during his rule between 1788 and 1796.[10] Rice cultivation in Chile did however only began more than a century after his rule around 1920.[10]","title":"As Governor of Chile"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alessandro Malaspina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Malaspina"},{"link_name":"Talcahuano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talcahuano"},{"link_name":"Concepcion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile"},{"link_name":"Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse"},{"link_name":"James Cook","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Lapérouse expedition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lap%C3%A9rouse_expedition"},{"link_name":"José de Bustamante","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Bustamante"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"St. Petersburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburg"},{"link_name":"Mulovsky expedition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulovsky_expedition"},{"link_name":"Nootka Sound","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nootka_Sound"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"sub_title":"Malaspina Expedition","text":"In February 1787, the frigate Astrea under the command of Alessandro Malaspina called at Talcahuano, the port of Concepcion, in the course of a commercial circumnavigation of the world on behalf of the Royal Philippines Company. O'Higgins was military governor there at the time, and six months before had recommended that Spain organize an expedition to the Pacific similar to those led by Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse and James Cook.[11] O'Higgins had made this recommendation following the visit of the Lapérouse expedition to Concepcion in March 1786, and he presumably discussed it with Malaspina while the Astrea was at Concepcion. Following the Astrea's return to Spain, Malaspina produced, in partnership with José de Bustamante, a proposal for an expedition along the lines set out in O'Higgins' memorandum.A short time later, on 14 October 1788, Malaspina was informed of the government's acceptance of his plan. José de Espinoza y Tello, one of the officers of the Malaspina expedition, subsequently confirmed the importance of the information sent by O'Higgins in stimulating the Government to initiate an extensive program of exploration in the Pacific.[12] The prompt acceptance of O'Higgins's and Malaspina's proposal was also stimulated by news from St. Petersburg of preparations for a Russian expedition (the Mulovsky expedition) to the North Pacific under the command of Grigori I. Mulovsky that had as one of its objectives the claiming of territory on the northwest coast of America around Nootka Sound that was also claimed at the time by Spain.[13]","title":"As Governor of Chile"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Francisco Hurtado del Pino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Hurtado_del_Pino"},{"link_name":"Huilliche","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huilliche"},{"link_name":"Maullín","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maull%C3%ADn"},{"link_name":"Aillarehues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aillarehue"},{"link_name":"Bueno River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bueno_River"},{"link_name":"Lake Ranco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Ranco"},{"link_name":"Treaty of Río Bueno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_R%C3%ADo_Bueno&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"raids","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%B3n"},{"link_name":"Quilacahuín","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilacahu%C3%ADn"},{"link_name":"Camino Real","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_road_system"},{"link_name":"Osorno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osorno,_Chile"},{"link_name":"Charles IV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain"},{"link_name":"haciendas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacienda"},{"link_name":"Bueno River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bueno_River"},{"link_name":"caciques","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacique"},{"link_name":"Río Bueno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Bueno,_Chile"},{"link_name":"Tomás de Figueroa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_Figueroa"},{"link_name":"Indian houses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruka_(Mapuche)"},{"link_name":"Huilliches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huilliche"},{"link_name":"Osorno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osorno,_Chile"},{"link_name":"Bueno River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bueno_River"},{"link_name":"de facto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto"}],"sub_title":"Huilliche uprising of 1792","text":"In 1784 the Governor of Chiloé, Francisco Hurtado del Pino, and Ambrosio O'Higgins had been ordered to open a route over Huilliche territory between Maullín and Valdivia. This caused alarm among the Huilliche of the plains of Osorno, who decided to ally with the Huilliche Aillarehues of the Bueno River valley and those around Lake Ranco to the north, and to request intervention by the Governor of Valdivia, Mariano Pusterla. The latter had good relations with the Huilliches of Río Bueno and Ranco because of his support for peaceful contact coupled with a religious mission, and refused to establish any new fort in the territory. On the other hand, the Governor of Chiloé, Francisco Hurtado, supported a hard line against the Huilliches and threatened them with military invasion.In February 1789 the Treaty of Río Bueno was signed between Huilliche chiefs and colonial authorities. This treaty averted invasion from Chiloé, and gave the Huilliches of Osorno support from the Valdivia authorities against raids by the Aillarehue of Quilacahuín. At that point the Huilliches offered to facilitate the new Camino Real and to allow Spaniards to reoccupy Osorno, a city that had been abandoned in 1602. In 1792 O'Higgins rebuilt Osorno, and as a reward was created 1st Marquess of Osorno by King Charles IV in 1796.The treaty also allowed Spaniards to settle and form haciendas north of the Bueno River. However, abuses in this settlement and a fast advance of new haciendas made several chiefs change their minds. The caciques Tangol from Río Bueno, Queipul and Catrihuala decided to form an alliance. The Huilliche Rebellion of 1792 ensued, beginning with the pillaging of haciendas and missions, and with the ultimate aim of attacking Valdivia, which despite being well defended from the north and west, seemed vulnerable to a land attack from the southeast.Despite the limited extent of this rebellion, which never became a real threat to Valdivia, the Spanish authorities responded to it with rigour. Governor O'Higgins chose Captain Tomás de Figueroa to lead the reprisal. Figueroa set fire to Indian houses and croplands near his marching route, and arrested a large number of male Huilliches as suspected rebels. After that, the Spaniards considered it appropriate to enter into a new treaty with the Huilliche leaders, and a conference with this object was held in Las Canoas, in Osorno, in 1793. While in the treaty of Río Bueno the Spanish had been allowed to form haciendas only north of the Bueno River, establishing that watercourse as a de facto frontier, the Spaniards now acquired the right to set up haciendas south of it.","title":"As Governor of Chile"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"was held in Negrete","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Negrete_(1793)"},{"link_name":"northern frontier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Frontera,_Chile"},{"link_name":"King of Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Spain"},{"link_name":"Araucanía","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araucan%C3%ADa_(historic_region)"},{"link_name":"Mapuches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapuche"},{"link_name":"de jure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_jure"},{"link_name":"de facto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto"},{"link_name":"Diego Barros Arana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Barros_Arana"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Parliaments of 1793","text":"The same year, 1793, a new parliament was held in Negrete on the northern frontier with the aim of ratifying and renewing the older Treaty of Lonquilmo from 1783. Copying older treaties, the King of Spain was confirmed as the sovereign of the Araucanía, while the possession of the land was reserved for the Mapuches, which resulted in a de jure sovereignty of the King of Spain but in a de facto independence of the Mapuche-controlled lands. The treaty celebrations were held from 4 March to 7 March, with many banquets of wine and meat being held for the numerous participants. The whole treaty cost 10.897 pesos, which was, according to Diego Barros Arana, an enormous amount of money, considering the size of Chile's treasury.[citation needed]","title":"As Governor of Chile"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Placa_Ambrosio_OHiggins.jpg"},{"link_name":"Viceroy of Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroy_of_Peru"},{"link_name":"Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru"},{"link_name":"New Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain"},{"link_name":"Callao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callao"},{"link_name":"Jesuit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Jesus"},{"link_name":"Iglesia de San Pedro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Church,_Lima"}],"text":"Memorial plaque, LimaIn 1796, O'Higgins was appointed Viceroy of Peru, comprising present-day Peru and Chile. As Peru was the second richest colony after New Spain (Mexico) in the Spanish empire, the Viceroyship was one of the most prominent posts in all of Spanish America.When war was declared between Britain and Spain in 1797, O'Higgins took active measures for the defense of the coast, strengthening the fortifications of Callao and constructing a fort in Pisco. He projected and constructed a new carriage-road from Lima to Callao, and his principal attention during his short administration was directed to the improvement of means of communication.He died suddenly after a short illness in 1801, and was interred in the Iglesia de San Pablo, now the Jesuit-run Iglesia de San Pedro, Lima.","title":"As Viceroy of Peru"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ballynary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballynary"},{"link_name":"County Sligo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Sligo"},{"link_name":"Tiarna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiarna"},{"link_name":"O'Conor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Connor_Sligo"},{"link_name":"O'Conor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Conor"},{"link_name":"Ballintober","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballintober,_County_Roscommon"},{"link_name":"Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MS165-4"},{"link_name":"O'Neill dynasty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Neill_dynasty"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Sligo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sligo"},{"link_name":"Westmeath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmeath"},{"link_name":"expropriations of Catholics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantations_of_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Oliver Cromwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell"},{"link_name":"Cromwellian conquest of Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Summerhill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerhill,_County_Meath"},{"link_name":"County Meath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Meath"},{"link_name":"Rowley-Langford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Langford"},{"link_name":"Dublin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin"},{"link_name":"The Moy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moy"},{"link_name":"Agher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agher"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Archives in Spain and Ireland show that Ambrose O'Higgins was the son of Charles O'Higgins, of Ballynary, County Sligo (son of Roger O'Higgins, of Ballynary, County Sligo, and wife Margaret Brehan), and wife and cousin Margaret O'Higgins (daughter of William O'Higgins and wife Winnifred O'Fallon). Charles O'Higgins' grandfather, Sean Duff O'Higgins, held the Gaelic territorial title of Tiarna or Lord of Ballinary, and he was married to an O'Conor, daughter of the Royal House of O'Conor of Ballintober Castle, which ruled Ireland until the year 1000.[4]The O'Higgins family were a sept of the O'Neill dynasty who migrated to Sligo in the 12th century.[14] As Gaelic nobles they had owned great expanses of land particularly in the Irish counties of Sligo and Westmeath, but with the expropriations of Catholics by Oliver Cromwell, and the deportation of tenants to County Sligo after the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland ca. 1654, the O'Higgins' lands became smaller and smaller.[15]Due to this encroachment into their land, the O'Higgins family migrated to Summerhill in County Meath, where they became lowly tenant farmers and worked in the service of the Rowley-Langford family. Their descendants remain in Summerhill however; Bridget O'Higgins who died in 1947 was the last in Summerhill to carry the family name as others had emigrated to the US and migrated to Dublin. The O'Higgins graves are located in The Moy and Agher cemeteries, both within the boundaries of the Roman Catholic parish of Dangan in Summerhill.[citation needed]","title":"Genealogy"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IsabelRiquelme.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ohiggins.jpg"},{"link_name":"Chillán","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chill%C3%A1n,_Chile"},{"link_name":"Isabel Riquelme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Riquelme"},{"link_name":"criolla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Criollo_peoples"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Bernardo O'Higgins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_O%27Higgins"},{"link_name":"Spanish Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Empire"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"link_name":"Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru"},{"link_name":"Chile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Supreme Director","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Chile#Supreme_Directors_.281814.29"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Iba%C3%B1ez-6"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Descendants","text":"Isabel RiquelmeBernardo O'HigginsIn 1777, Ambrosio O'Higgins became acquainted with the powerful Riquelme family from Chillán, and fell in love with the daughter, Isabel Riquelme, almost forty years his junior (she was 18 or 19 at the time, while he was 57 years old). He promised marriage, but colonial law forbade marriage between public officials and criolla women without authorization of the crown. To disregard this law was to risk career and position. It is not known why he did not seek permission, but no marriage ensued even when Isabel became pregnant.[citation needed]Isabel gave birth to Ambrosio's only son, Bernardo, in August 1778. Bernardo O'Higgins would later lead Chile to its independence from the Spanish Empire. Two years later, Isabel married Félix Rodríguez with whom she had a daughter, Rosa Rodríguez Riquelme. Though Ambrosio O'Higgins never saw or officially recognised his son as his legal heir, he paid for his education in England and left him a portion of his possessions in Peru and Chile.[citation needed]Bernardo O'Higgins led Chile as Supreme Director from 1818 to 1823 when he was forced to resign and go into exile with his mother, sister and son Demetrio O'Higgins in Peru. Demetrio, who visited his relatives in Summerhill in 1862,[6] had no sons and consequently all his descendants are in the female line.[citation needed]","title":"Genealogy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Vallenar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallenar"},{"link_name":"Alaska","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"text":"There are various towns, bays, and other Spanish discoveries in the Americas which were named after his birthplace during his time as Viceroy, such as Vallenar (originally named San Ambrosio de Ballenary, later Hispanicized to Vallenar) in Chile and Vallenar Bay in Alaska.[16]","title":"Legacy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"Spanish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language"},{"link_name":"Don","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_(honorific)"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"irishargentine.org","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.irishargentine.org/dilab_ohigginsa.htm"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-MS165_4-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-MS165_4-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-5"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Iba%C3%B1ez_6-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Iba%C3%B1ez_6-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-7"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-8"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Jeff2017_9-0"},{"link_name":"\"Chile en el macrocircuito de la yerba mate. Auge y caída de un producto típico del Cono Sur americano\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.redalyc.org/jatsRepo/4695/469550538009/html/index.html"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Cienanos_10-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Cienanos_10-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-11"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-12"},{"link_name":"web.viu.ca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//web.viu.ca/black/amrc/index.htm"},{"link_name":"Archived","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20100819170627/http://web.viu.ca/black/amrc/index.htm"},{"link_name":"Wayback Machine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-13"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-14"},{"link_name":"Annals of the Four Masters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annals_of_the_Four_Masters"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-15"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-16"},{"link_name":"Place Names in Revillagigedo and Gravina Islands: Spanish and Irish heritage of Southeast Alaska","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.explorenorth.com/articles/rey/spanish-irish.html"}],"text":"^ In full, Spanish: Don Ambrosio [Bernardo] O'Higgins [y O'Higgins], primer Marqués de Osorno, primer Marqués de Vallenar, primer Barón de Ballinar, Virrey del Perú, caballero de la orden de Santiago (Ricardo Donoso, El Marqués de Osorno: Don Ambrosio Higgins, Santiago, Publicaciones de la Universidad de Chile, 1942 p.53).\n\n^ irishargentine.org\n\n^ Stephen Clissold, \"The O'Higgins of Chile\" History Today (June 1957) 7#6 pp396-403; father and son.\n\n^ a b The National Genealogical Office (Dublin), MS 165. pp. 396–399.\n\n^ O’Rorke, T. (1889) The History of Sligo Town and County Vol. II – Conclusion (Dublin: Duffy & Company).\n\n^ a b Ibañez Vergara, Jorge. Demetrio O'Higgins.\n\n^ Donoso, Ricardo. (1941) \"El Marqués de Osorno, Don Ambrosio Higgins\" (Santiago: University of Chile Press).\n\n^ Clissold, 1957.\n\n^ Jeffs Munizaga, José Gabriel (6 March 2017). \"Chile en el macrocircuito de la yerba mate. Auge y caída de un producto típico del Cono Sur americano\" [Chile in the macrocircuit of yerba mate. Boom and fall of a typical product of the American Southern Cone]. Rivar: Revista Iberoamericana de Viticultura, Agroindustria y Ruralidad (in Spanish). 4 (11).\n\n^ a b Paredes C., Mario; Becerra V., Viviana; Donosos Ñ., Gabriel (2021). \"Historia de la producción de arroz en Chile. 1920-2020\". In Paredes C., Mario; Becerra V., Viviana; Donosos Ñ., Gabriel (eds.). 100 años del cultivo del arroz en Chile en un contexto internacional 1920-2020. Colección Libros INIA - Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (in Spanish). Vol. 40. pp. 314–379.\n\n^ Archivo Histórico Nacional (Madrid), Estado, legajo 4289. Also at Archivo Nacional de Chile, Fondo Vicuña Mackenna, vol.304, D, ff. 5–26. Published in Revista chilena de historia y geografía, no.107, 1946, pp.387–401.\n\n^ \"Noticia de las principales expediciones hechas por nuestras pilotos del Departamiento de San Blas al reconocimiento de la costa noroeste de America, desde el año de 1774 hasta el 1791, extractada de los diarios originales de aquellos navegantes\", Novo y Colson, Viaje, p.428; cited in Warren L. Cook, Flood Tide of Empire, New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1973, p.115, and in Robert J. King, \"Ambrose Higgins and the Malaspina Expedition\", presented at the International Conference of the Association of Iberian and Latin American Studies of Australasia (AILASA 99), La Trobe University, Melbourne, July 1999. At: web.viu.ca Archived 2010-08-19 at the Wayback Machine\n\n^ Pedro Normande to Floridablanca, St. Petersburg, 16 February 1787, Archivo Histórico Nacional (Madrid), Estado, legajo 4289; copy held at Library of Congress Manuscripts Division, Foreign Copying Project Reproductions; quoted in Anthony H. Hull, Spanish and Russian Rivalry in the North Pacific Regions of the New World, University of Alabama PhD thesis, UMI microfilm, pp. 113–7; and in Warren L. Cook, Flood Tide of Empire: Spain and the Pacific Northwest, 1543 1819, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1973, p.116.\n\n^ Annals of the Four Masters, Books IV and V.\n\n^ O’Rorke, T. (1889) \"The History of Sligo Town and County Vol. II – Conclusion\" (Dublin: Duffy & Company).\n\n^ Place Names in Revillagigedo and Gravina Islands: Spanish and Irish heritage of Southeast Alaska","title":"Notes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"Ambrose O'Higgins\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.irlandeses.org/dilab_ohigginsa.htm"},{"link_name":"Barros Arana, Diego","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Barros_Arana"},{"link_name":"Historia Jeneral de Chile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=lSsOAAAAQAAJ"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780598482334","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780598482334"},{"link_name":"Carvallo y Goyeneche, Vicente","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Carvallo_y_Goyeneche"},{"link_name":"Descripción Histórica y Geografía del Reino de Chile Vol. II (1626–1787)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.memoriachilena.cl/temas/documento_detalle.asp?id=MC0008929"},{"link_name":"Gill Books","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gill_Books"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0717171811","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0717171811"},{"link_name":"Gay, Claudio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudio_Gay"},{"link_name":"Historia física y política de Chile (1749–1808)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=33sd9vdoKZ4C"},{"link_name":"Diccionario Biográfico Colonial de Chile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0008968.pdf"},{"link_name":"\"The O'Higgins Clan Association\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.ohigginsclan.com"}],"text":"Clissold, Stephen. \"The O'Higgins of Chile\" History Today (June 1957) 7#6 pp396-403; father and son.\nBarbier, Jacques A. \"Tradition and Reform in Bourbon Chile: Ambrosio O'Higgins and Public Finances.\" The Americas 34.3 (1978): 381-399.\nMurray, Edmundo. \"Ambrose O'Higgins\". Dictionary of Irish Latin American Biography. Retrieved 15 October 2008.\nBarros Arana, Diego (1886). Historia Jeneral de Chile (in Spanish). Vol. VI. Santiago, Chile: Rafael Jover. ISBN 9780598482334.\nCarvallo y Goyeneche, Vicente (1875). Miguel Luis Amunategui (ed.). Descripción Histórica y Geografía del Reino de Chile Vol. II (1626–1787). Coleccion de historiadores de Chile y documentos relativos a la historia nacional (in Spanish). Vol. IX (Instituto Chileno de Cultura Hispánica, Academia Chilena de la Historia ed.). Santiago, Chile: Imprenta de La Estrella de Chile. p. 483.\nDonoso, Ricardo (1941). El Marqués de Osorno, Don Ambrosio Higgins (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Imprenta de la Universidad de Chile.\nFanning, Tim (2016). Paisanos: The Forgotten Irish Who Changed the Face of Latin America. Dublin: Gill Books. ISBN 978-0717171811.\nGay, Claudio (1848). Historia física y política de Chile (1749–1808) (in Spanish). Vol. IV. Paris, France: En casa del autor. p. 506.\nMedina, José Toribio (1906). Diccionario Biográfico Colonial de Chile (PDF) (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Imprenta Elzeviriana. pp. 165–166 of 1, 006.\nO'Higgins, Thomas. \"The O'Higgins Clan Association\". Retrieved 15 October 2008.","title":"Sources"}]
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[{"image_text":"Memorial plaque, Lima","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Placa_Ambrosio_OHiggins.jpg/150px-Placa_Ambrosio_OHiggins.jpg"},{"image_text":"Isabel Riquelme","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/IsabelRiquelme.jpg/150px-IsabelRiquelme.jpg"},{"image_text":"Bernardo O'Higgins","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ohiggins.jpg/150px-Ohiggins.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"Juan Albano Pereira Márquez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Albano_Pereira_M%C3%A1rquez"},{"title":"Lebian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebian"}]
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[{"reference":"Jeffs Munizaga, José Gabriel (6 March 2017). \"Chile en el macrocircuito de la yerba mate. Auge y caída de un producto típico del Cono Sur americano\" [Chile in the macrocircuit of yerba mate. Boom and fall of a typical product of the American Southern Cone]. Rivar: Revista Iberoamericana de Viticultura, Agroindustria y Ruralidad (in Spanish). 4 (11).","urls":[{"url":"https://www.redalyc.org/jatsRepo/4695/469550538009/html/index.html","url_text":"\"Chile en el macrocircuito de la yerba mate. Auge y caída de un producto típico del Cono Sur americano\""}]},{"reference":"Paredes C., Mario; Becerra V., Viviana; Donosos Ñ., Gabriel (2021). \"Historia de la producción de arroz en Chile. 1920-2020\". In Paredes C., Mario; Becerra V., Viviana; Donosos Ñ., Gabriel (eds.). 100 años del cultivo del arroz en Chile en un contexto internacional 1920-2020. Colección Libros INIA - Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (in Spanish). Vol. 40. pp. 314–379.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Murray, Edmundo. \"Ambrose O'Higgins\". Dictionary of Irish Latin American Biography. Retrieved 15 October 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.irlandeses.org/dilab_ohigginsa.htm","url_text":"\"Ambrose O'Higgins\""}]},{"reference":"Barros Arana, Diego (1886). Historia Jeneral de Chile (in Spanish). Vol. VI. Santiago, Chile: Rafael Jover. ISBN 9780598482334.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Barros_Arana","url_text":"Barros Arana, Diego"},{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=lSsOAAAAQAAJ","url_text":"Historia Jeneral de Chile"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780598482334","url_text":"9780598482334"}]},{"reference":"Carvallo y Goyeneche, Vicente (1875). Miguel Luis Amunategui (ed.). Descripción Histórica y Geografía del Reino de Chile Vol. II (1626–1787). Coleccion de historiadores de Chile y documentos relativos a la historia nacional (in Spanish). Vol. IX (Instituto Chileno de Cultura Hispánica, Academia Chilena de la Historia ed.). Santiago, Chile: Imprenta de La Estrella de Chile. p. 483.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Carvallo_y_Goyeneche","url_text":"Carvallo y Goyeneche, Vicente"},{"url":"http://www.memoriachilena.cl/temas/documento_detalle.asp?id=MC0008929","url_text":"Descripción Histórica y Geografía del Reino de Chile Vol. II (1626–1787)"}]},{"reference":"Donoso, Ricardo (1941). El Marqués de Osorno, Don Ambrosio Higgins (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Imprenta de la Universidad de Chile.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Fanning, Tim (2016). Paisanos: The Forgotten Irish Who Changed the Face of Latin America. Dublin: Gill Books. ISBN 978-0717171811.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gill_Books","url_text":"Gill Books"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0717171811","url_text":"978-0717171811"}]},{"reference":"Gay, Claudio (1848). Historia física y política de Chile (1749–1808) (in Spanish). Vol. IV. Paris, France: En casa del autor. p. 506.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudio_Gay","url_text":"Gay, Claudio"},{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=33sd9vdoKZ4C","url_text":"Historia física y política de Chile (1749–1808)"}]},{"reference":"Medina, José Toribio (1906). Diccionario Biográfico Colonial de Chile (PDF) (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Imprenta Elzeviriana. pp. 165–166 of 1, 006.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0008968.pdf","url_text":"Diccionario Biográfico Colonial de Chile"}]},{"reference":"O'Higgins, Thomas. \"The O'Higgins Clan Association\". Retrieved 15 October 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ohigginsclan.com/","url_text":"\"The O'Higgins Clan Association\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ambrose Bernard O'Higgins\" . Catholic Encyclopedia. 1913.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Ambrose_Bernard_O%27Higgins","url_text":"\"Ambrose Bernard O'Higgins\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia","url_text":"Catholic Encyclopedia"}]},{"reference":"\"O'Higgins, Ambrosio\" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/O%27Higgins,_Ambrosio","url_text":"\"O'Higgins, Ambrosio\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia","url_text":"New International Encyclopedia"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel,_Ohio
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Laurel, Ohio
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["1 History","2 References"]
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Coordinates: 38°54′55″N 84°11′30″W / 38.91528°N 84.19167°W / 38.91528; -84.19167Unincorporated community in Ohio, U.S.
Laurel is an unincorporated community in Clermont County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.
History
Laurel was originally called Van Burenville, and under the latter name was laid out in 1837. A post office called Laurel was established in 1844, and remained in operation until 1907.
References
^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Laurel, Ohio
^ Everts, Louis H. (1880). History of Clermont County, Ohio, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co. p. 389.
^ "Clermont County". Jim Forte Postal History. Retrieved January 16, 2016.
vteMunicipalities and communities of Clermont County, Ohio, United StatesCounty seat: BataviaCities
Loveland‡
Milford‡
Map of Ohio highlighting Clermont CountyVillages
Batavia
Bethel
Chilo
Felicity
Moscow
Neville
New Richmond
Owensville
Williamsburg
Townships
Batavia
Franklin
Goshen
Jackson
Miami
Monroe
Ohio
Pierce
Stonelick
Tate
Union
Washington
Wayne
Williamsburg
CDPs
Amelia
Day Heights
Goshen
Marathon
Miamiville
Mount Carmel
Mount Repose
Mulberry
Summerside
Withamsville
Unincorporatedcommunities
Afton
Bantam
Belfast
Blairsville
Blowville
Branch Hill
Braziers
Cedron
Clermontville
Clover
Concord
Edenton
Elk Lick
Grailville
Hamlet
Hennings Mill
Hills
Laurel
Lerado
Lindale
Locust Corner
Maple
Milford Hills
Modest
Monterey
Moores Fork
Mount Carmel Heights
Mount Forest Trails
Mount Holly
Mount Olive
Mount Pisgah
New Palestine
Newtonsville
Ninemile
Nineveh
Nicholsville
Olive Branch
Perintown
Point Isabel
Point Pleasant
Pringle Corner
Round Bottom
Rural
Saltair
Shiloh
Simpkinsville
Springvale
Stonelick
Tobasco
Utopia
Wards Corner
Wiggonsville
Williams Corner
Willowville
Woodville
Footnotes‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
Ohio portal
United States portal
38°54′55″N 84°11′30″W / 38.91528°N 84.19167°W / 38.91528; -84.19167
This Clermont County, Ohio state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"unincorporated community","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unincorporated_community"},{"link_name":"Clermont County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clermont_County,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"U.S. state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state"},{"link_name":"Ohio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Unincorporated community in Ohio, U.S.Laurel is an unincorporated community in Clermont County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.[1]","title":"Laurel, Ohio"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Laurel was originally called Van Burenville, and under the latter name was laid out in 1837.[2] A post office called Laurel was established in 1844, and remained in operation until 1907.[3]","title":"History"}]
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[{"image_text":"Map of Ohio highlighting Clermont County","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Clermont_County.svg/80px-Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Clermont_County.svg.png"}]
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[{"reference":"Everts, Louis H. (1880). History of Clermont County, Ohio, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co. p. 389.","urls":[{"url":"http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=yale.39002054234126;view=1up;seq=483","url_text":"History of Clermont County, Ohio, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers"}]},{"reference":"\"Clermont County\". Jim Forte Postal History. Retrieved January 16, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=OH&county=Clermont","url_text":"\"Clermont County\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laurel,_Ohio¶ms=38_54_55_N_84_11_30_W_","external_links_name":"38°54′55″N 84°11′30″W / 38.91528°N 84.19167°W / 38.91528; -84.19167"},{"Link":"https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1061328","external_links_name":"U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Laurel, Ohio"},{"Link":"http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=yale.39002054234126;view=1up;seq=483","external_links_name":"History of Clermont County, Ohio, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers"},{"Link":"http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=OH&county=Clermont","external_links_name":"\"Clermont County\""},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laurel,_Ohio¶ms=38_54_55_N_84_11_30_W_","external_links_name":"38°54′55″N 84°11′30″W / 38.91528°N 84.19167°W / 38.91528; -84.19167"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurel,_Ohio&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakeel_Ahmed_(cricketer,_born_1971)
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Shakeel Ahmed (cricketer)
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["1 References"]
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Not to be confused with Shakil Ahmed (cricketer).
Pakistani cricketer
Shakeel AhmedCricket informationBattingRight-handedBowlingRight-arm offbreakCareer statistics
Competition
Test
ODI
Matches
3
2
Runs scored
74
61
Batting average
14.80
30.50
100s/50s
0/0
0/0
Top score
33
36
Catches/stumpings
4/–
0/–Source: , 4 February 2006
Mohammad Shakeel Ahmed (born 12 November 1971) is a Pakistani former cricketer who played in three Test matches and two One Day Internationals between 1993 and 1995. He is currently based in Johannesburg, South Africa.
He left Pakistan and settled in Johannesburg, South Africa, where he played for Easterns cricket team in the 1998–99 winter, becoming the first Pakistani to play in South African domestic cricket.
He was a wicketkeeper-batsman.
References
^ Parvez, Salim; January 2019, Shakeel Ahmed Tuesday 22. "South African Challenges for Pakistan - Shakeel Ahmed". Cricket World.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ "Shakeel Ahmed". www.cricketarchive.com. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
This biographical article related to a Pakistani cricket person born in the 1970s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Shakil Ahmed (cricketer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakil_Ahmed_(cricketer)"},{"link_name":"cricketer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket"},{"link_name":"Test matches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_cricket"},{"link_name":"One Day Internationals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Day_International"},{"link_name":"Johannesburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg"},{"link_name":"South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Easterns cricket team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easterns_cricket_team"},{"link_name":"domestic cricket","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_cricket"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Not to be confused with Shakil Ahmed (cricketer).Pakistani cricketerMohammad Shakeel Ahmed (born 12 November 1971) is a Pakistani former cricketer who played in three Test matches and two One Day Internationals between 1993 and 1995. He is currently based in Johannesburg, South Africa.He left Pakistan and settled in Johannesburg, South Africa, where he played for Easterns cricket team in the 1998–99 winter, becoming the first Pakistani to play in South African domestic cricket.[1]He was a wicketkeeper-batsman.[2]","title":"Shakeel Ahmed (cricketer)"}]
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[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Parvez, Salim; January 2019, Shakeel Ahmed Tuesday 22. \"South African Challenges for Pakistan - Shakeel Ahmed\". Cricket World.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cricketworld.com/south-african-challenges-for-pakistan-shakeel-ahmed/54539.htm","url_text":"\"South African Challenges for Pakistan - Shakeel Ahmed\""}]},{"reference":"\"Shakeel Ahmed\". www.cricketarchive.com. Retrieved 20 February 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2/2084/2084.html","url_text":"\"Shakeel Ahmed\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"http://cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/42648.html","external_links_name":"[1]"},{"Link":"https://www.cricketworld.com/south-african-challenges-for-pakistan-shakeel-ahmed/54539.htm","external_links_name":"\"South African Challenges for Pakistan - Shakeel Ahmed\""},{"Link":"https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2/2084/2084.html","external_links_name":"\"Shakeel Ahmed\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shakeel_Ahmed_(cricketer)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarrettown,_Pennsylvania
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Jarrettown, Pennsylvania
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["1 References","2 External links"]
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Coordinates: 40°09′19″N 75°10′31″W / 40.15528°N 75.17528°W / 40.15528; -75.17528
Unincorporated community in Pennsylvania, United StatesJarrettownUnincorporated communityJarrettownLocation of Jarrettown in PennsylvaniaShow map of PennsylvaniaJarrettownJarrettown (the United States)Show map of the United StatesCoordinates: 40°09′19″N 75°10′31″W / 40.15528°N 75.17528°W / 40.15528; -75.17528CountryUnited StatesStatePennsylvaniaCountyMontgomeryTownshipUpper DublinElevation275.59 ft (84.00 m)Time zoneUTC-5 (EST) • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)Area codes215, 267 and 445
Jarrettown is an unincorporated community located in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is in Upper Dublin Township, 2.2 miles (3.5 km) east of the Borough of Ambler and 2.75 miles (4.43 km) southwest of Horsham.
Jarrettown is located at the intersection of Limekiln Pike and Jarrettown Road, approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Limekiln Pike's intersection with Susquehanna Road and 1.3 miles (2.1 km) southwest of Jarrettown Road's intersection with Pennsylvania Route 63.
Bean's 1884 History of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania describes Jarrettown as follows:
Jarrettown is the second largest village, and is situated near the centre of the township, on the Limekiln turnpike, which was constructed in 1851. It contains a hotel, store, a three-story Odd-Fellows' Hall, two-story public school-house and twenty-one houses. The post-office was established here in 1866. Gordon in his "Gazetteer," mentions this place in 1832, as containing five or six dwellings. The name of the place was derived from Levi Jarrett, the owner of several farms in this vicinity in 1815. In 1776, John Jarrett was assessed for two hundred and thirteen acres. The name of Jarrett, like those of Fitzwater and Dresher, has now become extinct in Upper Dublin.
References
^ Buck, Wm. J. (1884). Theodore W. Bean (ed.). History of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Evert & Pecks. p. 1096. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
External links
Upper Dublin Township
Upper Dublin School District
vteMunicipalities and communities of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United StatesCounty seat: NorristownBoroughs
Ambler
Bridgeport
Bryn Athyn
Collegeville
Conshohocken
East Greenville
Green Lane
Hatboro
Hatfield
Jenkintown
Lansdale
Narberth
Norristown
North Wales
Pennsburg
Pottstown
Red Hill
Rockledge
Royersford
Schwenksville
Souderton
Telford‡
Trappe
West Conshohocken
Townships
Abington
Cheltenham
Douglass
East Norriton
Franconia
Hatfield
Horsham
Limerick
Lower Frederick
Lower Gwynedd
Lower Merion
Lower Moreland
Lower Pottsgrove
Lower Providence
Lower Salford
Marlborough
Montgomery
New Hanover
Perkiomen
Plymouth
Salford
Skippack
Springfield
Towamencin
Upper Dublin
Upper Frederick
Upper Gwynedd
Upper Hanover
Upper Merion
Upper Moreland
Upper Pottsgrove
Upper Providence
Upper Salford
West Norriton
West Pottsgrove
Whitemarsh
Whitpain
Worcester
CDPs
Arcadia University
Ardmore‡
Audubon
Bala Cynwyd
Blue Bell
Bryn Mawr‡
Cheltenham Village
Eagleville
Elkins Park
Evansburg
Flourtown
Fort Washington
Gilbertsville
Glenside
Halfway House
Harleysville
Haverford College‡
Horsham
King of Prussia
Kulpsville
Maple Glen
McKinley
Merion Station
Mont Clare
Montgomeryville
Oreland
Penn Wynne
Plymouth Meeting
Pottsgrove
Rosemont‡
Roslyn
Sanatoga
Skippack
Spring House
Spring Mount
Stowe
Swedeland
Trooper
Villanova‡
Willow Grove
Woxall
Wyncote
Wyndmoor
Othercommunities
Abington
Ambler
Arcola
Ardsley
Ashmead Village
Barren Hill
Belmont Hills
Bethayres
Camp Hill
Cedarbrook
Cedars
Center Point
Center Square
Chapel‡
Colmar
Congo
Creamery
Crestmont
Dresher
Earlington
Edge Hill
Erdenheim
Eureka‡
Fairview Village
Fitzwatertown
Franconia
Frederick
Fulmor
Geryville‡
Gladwyne
Graterford
Gulph Mills
Gwynedd
Gwynedd Valley
Haverford‡
Hollywood
Huntingdon Valley
Jarrettown
Lafayette Hill
La Mott
Laverock
Layfield
Lederach
Line Lexington‡
Linfield
Mainland
Meadowbrook
Melrose Park
Mingo
Miquon
Montgomery Square
New Hanover Square
Noble
North Hills
Oaks
Obelisk
Palm
Penn Valley
Perkiomenville
Port Indian
Port Kennedy
Port Providence
Prospectville
Rahns
Roychester
Rydal
Salford
Salfordville
Sassamansville
Spring Mill
Sumneytown
Three Tuns
Tylersport
Unionville‡
West Point
Worcester
Wynnewood‡
Yerkes
Zieglerville
Footnotes‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
Pennsylvania portal
United States portal
vteUpper Dublin Township in Montgomery County, PennsylvaniaCommunities
Camp Hill
Dresher
Fitzwatertown
Fort Washington
Gilkison's Corner
Jarrettown
Maple Glen
North Hills
Oreland
Rose Valley
Three Tuns
Infrastructure
Upper Dublin Police Department
Education
Upper Dublin School District
Upper Dublin High School
Temple University Ambler
Historic Sites
Quaker Manor House
Upper Dublin Friends Meeting House
Historic Events
Battle of Whitemarsh
Great Train Wreck of 1856
Website: Upperdublin.net
|
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|
[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Map_of_Pennsylvania_highlighting_Montgomery_County.svg/180px-Map_of_Pennsylvania_highlighting_Montgomery_County.svg.png"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"Buck, Wm. J. (1884). Theodore W. Bean (ed.). History of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Evert & Pecks. p. 1096. Retrieved December 31, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://files.usgwarchives.net/pa/montgomery/history/local/mchb0068.txt","url_text":"History of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania"}]}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelby_County,_Tennessee
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Shelby County, Tennessee
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["1 History","2 Geography","2.1 Rivers","2.2 Adjacent counties","3 Demographics","3.1 2020 census","3.2 2010 census","3.3 2000 census","4 Law and government","4.1 School board","4.2 Mayors","4.3 Shelby County Board of Commissioners","4.4 Shelby County Courthouse","5 Politics","6 Education","6.1 Higher education","6.2 Primary and secondary education","7 Transportation","7.1 Local transit","7.2 Intercity transit","7.3 Roadways","7.4 Air travel","8 Recreation","8.1 Parks","8.2 Attractions","9 Sports","10 Communities","10.1 Cities","10.2 Towns","10.3 Unincorporated communities","11 Notable people","12 See also","13 References","14 External links"]
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Coordinates: 35°11′N 89°53′W / 35.18°N 89.89°W / 35.18; -89.89County in Tennessee, United States
County in TennesseeShelby CountyCountyShelby County Courthouse
FlagSealLocation within the U.S. state of TennesseeTennessee's location within the U.S.Coordinates: 35°11′N 89°53′W / 35.18°N 89.89°W / 35.18; -89.89Country United StatesState TennesseeFoundedNovember 24, 1819Named forIsaac ShelbySeatMemphisLargest cityMemphisGovernment • MayorLee Harris (D)Area • Total785 sq mi (2,030 km2) • Land763 sq mi (1,980 km2) • Water22 sq mi (60 km2) 2.8%Population (2020) • Total929,744 • Density1,194/sq mi (461/km2)Time zoneUTC−6 (Central) • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)Congressional districts8th, 9thWebsitewww.shelbycountytn.gov
Shelby County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 929,744. It is the largest of the state's 95 counties, both in terms of population and geographic area. Its county seat is Memphis, a port on the Mississippi River and the second most populous city in Tennessee. The county was named for Governor Isaac Shelby (1750–1826) of Kentucky. It is one of only two remaining counties in Tennessee with a majority African American population, along with Haywood County.
Shelby County is part of the Memphis, TN–MS–AR Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is bordered on the west by the Mississippi River. Located within the Mississippi Delta, the county was developed as a center of cotton plantations in the antebellum era, and cotton continued as an important commodity crop well into the 20th century. The economy has become more diversified.
History
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This area along the Mississippi River valley was long occupied by varying cultures of indigenous peoples. In historic times, the Chickasaw controlled much of this area. They are believed to be descendants of the important Mississippian culture, which established fortified and complex cities. The largest of these was Cahokia, which was active from about 950CE into the 15th century. It was developed on the east side of the Mississippi in present-day southern Illinois, roughly on the same latitude as present-day St. Louis, Missouri.
The Shelby County area was part of the lands acquired by the United States government from the Chickasaw as part of the Jackson Purchase of 1818. Shelby County was established by European-American migrants in 1819 and named for Isaac Shelby, the former governor of Kentucky who had helped negotiate the land acquisition. From 1827 to 1868, the county seat was located in then called Raleigh, Tennessee (now part of Memphis), on the Wolf River. After the American Civil War, in recognition of the growth of Memphis and its importance to the state economy, the seat was moved there. (Raleigh has now been absorbed within the city limits of Memphis.)
The lowlands in the Mississippi Delta, closest to the Mississippi River, were developed before the war for large cotton plantations; their laborers were overwhelmingly enslaved African Americans, whom planters transported from the east or purchased in the domestic slave trade. Well before the American Civil War, the population of the county was majority black, most of whom were slaves. Memphis developed as a major cotton market, with many brokers. After the war and emancipation, many freedmen stayed on these lands by working as sharecroppers.
Tennessee continued to have competitive politics after the freedmen were enfranchised. The eastern part of the state retained its Unionist leanings and supported the Republican Party. Blacks in the west also supported the Republican Party. Most conservative whites supported the Democrats. From 1877 to 1950, there were 20 lynchings of blacks by whites in Shelby County, the highest number of any county in the state.
Most blacks were disenfranchised around the turn of the century when the state passed laws raising barriers to voter registration; the legislature also imposed Jim Crow laws, including racial segregation of public facilities. Blacks were mostly closed out of the political system for more than six decades. In the 20th century, mechanization of agriculture reduced the need for farm workers at a time when industries and railroads in the North were recruiting workers. The Great Migration resulted in many African Americans moving from rural areas into Memphis or out of state to northern cities for work and social and political opportunities.
After World War II, highways were constructed that led to development of much new housing on the outskirts of Memphis where land was cheap. Suburbanization, with retail businesses following new residents, took place in the county, drawing population out of the city. With continued residential and suburban development, the population of the metropolitan area became majority white. Six towns in the county have become incorporated; other communities are unincorporated. Residents enjoy many parks in the area as well as attractions in the city of Memphis.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 785 square miles (2,030 km2), of which 763 square miles (1,980 km2) is land and 22 square miles (57 km2) (2.8%) is water. It is the largest county in Tennessee by area. The lowest point in the state of Tennessee is located on the Mississippi River in Shelby County (just outside the Memphis city limits), where the river flows out of Tennessee and into Mississippi.
Rivers
Loosahatchie River
Mississippi River
Nonconnah Creek
Wolf River
Adjacent counties
Tipton County (north)
Fayette County (east)
Marshall County, Mississippi (southeast)
DeSoto County, Mississippi (south)
Crittenden County, Arkansas (west)
Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1820364—18305,6481,451.6%184014,721160.6%185031,157111.7%186048,09254.4%187076,37858.8%188078,4302.7%1890112,74043.7%1900153,55736.2%1910191,43924.7%1920223,21616.6%1930306,48237.3%1940358,25016.9%1950482,39334.7%1960627,01930.0%1970722,01415.2%1980777,1137.6%1990826,3306.3%2000897,4728.6%2010927,6443.4%2020929,7440.2%U.S. Decennial Census1790-1960 1900-19901990-2000 2010-2014
Population pyramid Shelby County
2020 census
Shelby County, Tennessee – Racial and ethnic composition (NH = Non-Hispanic)Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity
Pop 2000
Pop 2010
Pop 2020
% 2000
% 2010
% 2020
White alone (NH)
414,888
359,106
316,740
46.23%
38.71%
34.07%
Black or African American alone (NH)
434,201
481,434
475,074
48.38%
51.90%
51.10%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)
1,538
1,804
1,561
0.17%
0.19%
0.17%
Asian alone (NH)
14,552
21,245
27,960
1.62%
2.29%
3.01%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)
248
274
256
0.03%
0.03%
0.03%
Other race alone (NH)
946
1,097
3,614
0.11%
0.12%
0.39%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)
7,735
10,595
26,832
0.86%
1.14%
2.89%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)
23,364
52,092
77,707
2.60%
5.62%
8.36%
Total
897,472
927,644
929,744
100.00%
100.00%
100.00%
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 929,744 people, 353,950 households, and 215,446 families residing in the county.
2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 927,644 people living in the county. 52.1% were Black or African American, 40.6% White, 2.3% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 3.3% of some other race and 1.4 of two or more races. 5.6% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 897,472 people, 338,366 households, and 228,735 families living in the county. The population density was 1,189 inhabitants per square mile (459/km2). There were 362,954 housing units at an average density of 481 per square mile (186/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 48.56% Black, or African American, 47.34% White, 0.20% Native American, 1.64% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.20% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. 2.60% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 338,366 households, out of which 34.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.80% were married couples living together, 20.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.40% were non-families. 27.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.20% under the age of 18, 9.70% from 18 to 24, 31.10% from 25 to 44, 21.00% from 45 to 64, and 10.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 91.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.80 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $39,593, and the median income for a family was $47,386. Males had a median income of $36,932 versus $26,776 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,856. About 12.90% of families and 16.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.90% of those under age 18 and 13.30% of those age 65 or over.
Law and government
The first county government was established as a quarterly court in 1820. During Reconstruction following the American Civil War, Governor William G. Brownlow appointed a five-member commission to govern the county. When the state drafted a new constitution in 1870, it required county officials to be elected by the people or the Quarterly Court. By 1910 the Shelby County Quarterly Court had 50 members, making it inefficient; some prominent people complained it was "too democratic."
E. H. Crump, the political boss of Memphis who was also influential in the county and state, gained a 1911 legislative act creating a three-member executive commission for the Shelby County Commission, which could override the court on all issues except setting property taxes, which was protected by the state constitution. He also had the number of districts reduced to nineteen and then seven. After Crump's death in 1954, the executive commission of the county was abolished.
In 1964, the US Supreme Court ruled in Baker v. Carr that legislative districts had to be apportioned by population under the Equal Protection Clause, a principle known as one man, one vote. This change was incorporated in Shelby County, which had been biased toward geographic representation. In 1965, there were nine districts established, of roughly equal population, to elect members to the Quarterly Court. These have been redistricted as needed based on decennial census population changes.
In 1975, the people voted to ratify the Shelby County Restructure Act, creating a single elected executive, with the title of mayor, and an eleven-member legislative body (now called the County Commission). The commission has been expanded to thirteen members. The mayor is elected at-large and all the county commissioners are elected from 13 districts. The members of the county commission serve four-year terms.
Other elected officials in Shelby County include the sheriff, the chief law enforcement officer; trustee, chief tax collector, and assessor, the chief property appraiser.
The government has an annual budget of $1.1 billion and 6,000 employees.
School board
Until 1996, the Shelby County Commission appointed members to the Shelby County School Board. This system was changed to comply with interpretation by the state that its constitution required that county officials, including school board members, should be elected by all residents of the county, and provisions of the state Education Improvement Act. In 1996 under what was known as Plan C, the Shelby County Commission established seven single-member special election districts for election of county school board members by all residents of the county. This was challenged in the case known as Board of County Commissioners of Shelby County Tennessee v. Burson. Shelby County and its Board of Commissioners as plaintiffs, joined by mayors of the six suburban municipalities, filed suit in 1996 against Plan C, arguing that their rights were violated under the "one person, one vote" principle embodied in the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the US Constitution, as their vote would be diluted. Although Memphis City had its own school system, the Memphis population made up 74.8% of the county's population in the 1990 census, so its representatives would dominate an elected county school board, with six of seven positions. Thus Memphis representatives would dominate a system intended to serve only county residents and students who lived outside the city.
The US district court found in this case:
the City of Memphis did not provide significant financial support to the Shelby County School District, and received money from the county;
the overwhelming voting power of the out-of-district Memphis residents virtually guaranteed that out-of-district residents would control the Shelby County Board of Education;
the number of actual crossover students was minimal, and the potential for additional crossovers was severely limited by a longstanding desegregation order; and
there were, at most, a few relatively minor joint programs between the districts. Accordingly, the district court concluded that the county-wide election of local school board members under Plan C was unconstitutional as applied in Shelby County and enjoined its implementation." The lower court noted that in a similar case of Duncan (1995), it had held that "the relevant geopolitical entity for purposes of the "one person, one vote" analysis in cases such as this is the school district, not the entire county." When appealed, the lower court's decision was upheld, saying the "Constitution prevented the State of Tennessee from including Memphis voters in the electorate for the Shelby County Board of Education."
As a result, the County Commissioners established seven single-member special election districts in the county outside the limits of Memphis, for the purpose of electing school board members to the Shelby County School Board.
Mayors
Shelby County's first elected mayor was Roy Nixon, who served from 1976 to 1978. The current Shelby County mayor is Lee Harris, who was elected in 2018 after having served as the minority leader of the Tennessee Senate.
List of mayors of Shelby County
Name
Term in office
Party affiliation
Previous office
Lee Harris
2018–present
Democratic
Minority Leader of the Tennessee Senate
Mark Luttrell
2010–2018
Republican
Shelby County Sheriff
Joe Ford
2009–2010
Democratic
Shelby County Commission Chair
A C Wharton
2002–2009
Democratic
Chief Shelby County Public Defender
Jim Rout
1994–2002
Republican
Shelby County Sheriff
William N. (Bill) Morris
1978–1994
Democratic
Shelby County Sheriff
Roy Nixon
1976–1978
Shelby County Sheriff
Notes:
Joe Ford served as interim mayor after A C Wharton's election as Mayor of Memphis in 2009.
A C Wharton later served as Mayor of Memphis from 2009 to 2015.
Shelby County Board of Commissioners
District 1: Amber Mills
District 2: David C. Bradford, Jr
District 3: Mick Wright
District 4: Brandon Morrison
District 5: Shante K. Avant
District 6: Charlie Caswell, Jr.
District 7: Henri E. Brooks
District 8: Mickell M. Lowery
District 9: Edmund Ford, Jr.
District 10: Britney Thornton
District 11: Miska Clay Bibbs
District 12: Erika Sugarmon
District 13: Michael Whaley
Shelby County Courthouse
The Shelby County Courthouse, in Memphis on Adams Avenue between North 2nd and North 3rd streets, was designed by James Gamble Rogers and completed in 1909. This neoclassical pile features a long portico topped by a cornice supported by massive Ionic columns. The ambitious sculptural program designed by J. Massey Rhind includes the pediment groups, Canon Law, Roman Law, Statutory Law, Civil Law and Criminal Law. Female allegorical figures can be found on the north facade cornice representing Integrity, Courage, Mercy, Temperance, Prudence and Learning. Flanking the main entrances are over-life-sized seated figures embodying Wisdom, Justice, Liberty, Authority, Peace and Prosperity.
It is by far the state's largest courthouse. The courthouse was featured in the movie The Silence of the Lambs as the place where Dr. Hannibal Lecter was held and escapes custody.
Justice
Authority
Wisdom
The courthouse is included in the Adams Avenue Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Politics
During the mid-to-late twentieth century, Shelby County was competitive, voting for the Democratic candidate six times and the Republican candidate five times between 1952 and 1992. In the twenty-first century, the county has become reliably Democratic, due mainly to the influence of Memphis. Barack Obama twice won the county with more than 60 percent of the vote. In 2016, the county was carried by the Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, who won 62.0 percent of the vote to Donald Trump's 34.5 percent.
Democratic strength is concentrated in Memphis itself, while the eastern suburbs are some of the most Republican areas in Tennessee and the South. In 2020, Joe Biden received 64.42% of the vote, which is the highest share for a Democrat since 1944.
United States presidential election results for Shelby County, Tennessee
Year
Republican
Democratic
Third party
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
2020
129,815
33.98%
246,105
64.42%
6,135
1.61%
2016
116,344
34.48%
208,992
61.95%
12,047
3.57%
2012
135,649
36.50%
232,443
62.55%
3,524
0.95%
2008
145,458
35.96%
256,297
63.35%
2,800
0.69%
2004
158,137
41.91%
216,945
57.50%
2,200
0.58%
2000
141,756
42.09%
190,404
56.54%
4,595
1.36%
1996
136,315
41.77%
179,663
55.05%
10,402
3.19%
1992
153,310
41.88%
191,322
52.26%
21,478
5.87%
1988
157,457
50.96%
149,759
48.47%
1,772
0.57%
1984
169,717
50.32%
165,947
49.20%
1,638
0.49%
1980
140,157
45.43%
159,240
51.61%
9,120
2.96%
1976
128,646
46.01%
147,893
52.89%
3,062
1.10%
1972
161,922
65.32%
81,089
32.71%
4,871
1.97%
1968
73,416
31.66%
81,486
35.14%
76,996
33.20%
1964
100,527
47.41%
111,496
52.59%
0
0.00%
1960
87,191
49.37%
86,270
48.85%
3,146
1.78%
1956
65,690
48.65%
62,051
45.96%
7,284
5.39%
1952
65,170
47.53%
71,779
52.36%
150
0.11%
1948
14,566
22.35%
23,854
36.60%
26,756
41.05%
1944
10,839
18.20%
48,625
81.66%
80
0.13%
1940
7,312
11.24%
57,664
88.61%
98
0.15%
1936
2,113
3.32%
61,504
96.56%
81
0.13%
1932
6,332
14.01%
38,320
84.76%
557
1.23%
1928
11,969
39.78%
18,040
59.95%
81
0.27%
1924
7,369
31.95%
13,696
59.37%
2,002
8.68%
1920
8,597
34.61%
15,986
64.35%
260
1.05%
1916
4,515
28.79%
10,967
69.92%
202
1.29%
1912
589
5.61%
6,732
64.11%
3,179
30.28%
1908
3,069
28.53%
7,411
68.90%
276
2.57%
1904
2,563
22.32%
8,686
75.64%
234
2.04%
1900
2,961
35.98%
5,143
62.50%
125
1.52%
1896
5,122
45.70%
5,830
52.01%
257
2.29%
1892
1,110
14.37%
6,307
81.67%
306
3.96%
1888
8,277
40.83%
11,932
58.86%
64
0.32%
1884
9,165
54.54%
7,626
45.38%
13
0.08%
1880
7,788
51.99%
6,927
46.24%
264
1.76%
Education
Higher education
Shelby County is home to fourteen institutions of higher learning and satellite campuses of institutions whose main campus is in another county.
Memphis is home to Baptist College of Health Sciences, Christian Brothers University, Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University, Worldwide (Memphis Campus), Harding School of Theology, LeMoyne–Owen College, Memphis College of Art, Memphis Theological Seminary, Rhodes College, Southern College of Optometry, Southwest Tennessee Community College, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, and the University of Memphis.
Cordova is home to Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary. Germantown is home to a satellite campus of Union University.
Primary and secondary education
Shelby County Schools (SCS) is a school district serving all of Memphis and most unincorporated areas.
Suburban school districts:
Arlington Community Schools
Bartlett City Schools
Collierville Schools
Germantown Municipal Schools
Lakeland School System
Millington Municipal Schools
Shelby County Schools was previously a school district that operated almost all public schools in non-Memphis areas of Shelby County, Tennessee, until the end of the 2012–2013 school year; almost all areas in Shelby County that were outside the city of Memphis were zoned to schools operated by SCS. Schools in Memphis were operated by Memphis City Schools. On June 30, 2013, Memphis city and Shelby County schools consolidated, forming a unified county school system (still called Shelby County Schools), this lasted one year.
In 2014, the incorporated suburbs of Arlington, Bartlett, Collierville, Germantown, Lakeland, and Millington (other than Memphis) broke away from the Unified System and formed their own municipal districts. Their residents had previously voted in favor of creating municipal school districts, and all voted to pass the related sales tax hike except for Millington, which narrowly rejected the sales tax hike by three votes. On November 27, 2012, U.S. district court Judge Samuel Mays voided this vote since the state law passed at the time applied only to a specific area (which is unconstitutional). The Tennessee state legislature passed the law again, to include all of the state. All six suburbs voted again for the municipal districts and started classes on August 4, 2014.
Transportation
Main article: Transportation in Memphis, Tennessee
Local transit
Public transportation is provided by the Memphis Area Transit Authority, also known as MATA for short. In addition to MATA buses, the MATA operates the MATA Trolley. The city also has a suspended monorail known as the Memphis Suspension Railway connecting the city to Mud Island.
Intercity transit
Amtrak (City of New Orleans)
Delta Bus Lines
Flixbus
Greyhound Lines
Jefferson Lines
Megabus
Roadways
I-40
I-55
I-69
I-240
I-269
US 51
US 61
US 64
US 70
US 72
US 78
US 79
SR 1
SR 3
SR 4
SR 14
SR 15
SR 23
SR 86
SR 175
SR 176
SR 177
SR 193
SR 204
SR 205
SR 277
SR 278
SR 300
SR 385
SR 388
Sam Cooper Boulevard
Air travel
Shelby County is the site of Memphis International Airport, located 3 miles (5 km) south of the center of Memphis.
Recreation
Meeman-Shelby Forest State Park
Parks
Eagle Lake Refuge
T. O. Fuller State Park
Lichterman Nature Center
Meeman-Shelby Forest State Park
Memphis Parks and Recreation Centers
Overton Park
Piperton Wetland Complex (part)
President's Island Wildlife Management Area
Shelby Farms
Attractions
Beale Street, downtown Memphis
Chucalissa Indian Village, ancient Native American site
Gibson Guitar factory tour
Graceland, former home of Elvis Presley
Indie Memphis, film festival
Memphis Botanic Garden
Memphis in May, month-long festival
Memphis International Raceway
Memphis Zoo
Mud Island, Memphis
National Civil Rights Museum, Memphis
Orpheum Theatre, Memphis
Pink Palace Museum and Planetarium, Memphis
Sports
Memphis Grizzlies, NBA basketball team
Memphis Redbirds, Triple-A minor league baseball team
Memphis 901 FC, USL Championship League soccer team established in 2018.
Memphis Showboats, USFL football team
Communities
Numbers refer to the map at right.
Cities
Bartlett – 2
Germantown – 6
Lakeland – 3
Memphis (county seat) – 5
Millington – 1
Towns
Arlington – 4
Collierville – 7
Unincorporated communities
Barretville
Benjestown
Brunswick
Cordova
Eads
Egypt
Ellendale
Fisherville
Kerrville
Lenow
Northaven
Rosemark
Shelby Forest
Notable people
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2013)
See also: List of people from Memphis, Tennessee
James Mortimer Crews, American Civil War veteran and brother of C.C. Crews.
Since 2010 country singer Bobbie Gentry has lived privately in the community.
Yo Gotti, American hip-hop artist
8ball & MJG, American hip-hop artist
Young Dolph, American hip-hop artist
Three 6 Mafia, American hip-hop Grammy award-winning group
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Shelby County, Tennessee
Davies Manor, oldest home in Shelby County
References
^ a b c Edward F. Williams III, "Shelby County," Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: 31 March 2013.
^ "Lee Harris". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2013.
^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
^ "A Brief History of Shelby County". shelbycountytn.gov. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
^ Lynching in America/ Supplement: Lynchings by County Archived 2018-06-27 at the Wayback Machine, Equal Justice Initiative, 2015, p. 6
^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
^ "U.S. Census website". Census.gov. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
^ Based on 2000 census data
^ "P004 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Shelby County, Tennessee". United States Census Bureau.
^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Shelby County, Tennessee". United States Census Bureau.
^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Shelby County, Tennessee". United States Census Bureau.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
^ a b "A Brief History of Shelby County", Shelby County, TN website
^ Edward F. Williams III, "Shelby County", Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, 2009/2011
^ Shelby County Commission, Shelby County Government website
^ Shelby County Topic Page, "News about the Shelby County government", The Commercial Appeal
^ a b c d e Board of County Commissioners of Shelby County Tennessee v. Burson (1997), Findlaw
^ Duncan, 69 F.3d at 93.4
^ "About the Mayor | Shelby County, TN – Official Website". www.shelbycountytn.gov. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
^ Burgess, Katherine (June 3, 2019). "Roy Nixonm, first mayor to lead Shelby County, dies at 85". Memphis Commercial Appeal. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
^ Herbert L. Harper (January 1980). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Adams Avenue Historic District". National Park Service. Retrieved May 17, 2017. With eight photos from 1979, including #6,#7 showing Shelby County Courthouse.
^ a b c Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
^ Embry-Riddle Worldwide official website Archived 2010-06-09 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved: 31 March 2013.
^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Shelby County, TN" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2021. - Text list
^ "SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP (2010 CENSUS): Shelby County, TN" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2022. - Text list
^ "Voters Choose to Form Municipal School Districts". WMCTV.com. Archived from the original on August 6, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2012.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shelby County, Tennessee.
ShelbyCountyTN.gov - Official County Government Website
Shelby County Chambers of Commerce Alliance
Shelby County at Curlie
Places adjacent to Shelby County, Tennessee
Tipton County
Crittenden County, Arkansas
Shelby County, Tennessee
Fayette County
DeSoto County, Mississippi
Marshall County, Mississippi
vteMunicipalities and communities of Shelby County, Tennessee, United StatesCounty seat: MemphisCities
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"U.S. state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state"},{"link_name":"Tennessee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee"},{"link_name":"2020 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_Census"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-QF-3"},{"link_name":"95 counties","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"county seat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_seat"},{"link_name":"Memphis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR6-4"},{"link_name":"Isaac Shelby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Shelby"},{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans"},{"link_name":"Haywood County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haywood_County,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"MS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi"},{"link_name":"AR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas"},{"link_name":"Metropolitan Statistical Area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_metropolitan_area"},{"link_name":"Mississippi River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River"},{"link_name":"Mississippi Delta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_Delta"}],"text":"County in Tennessee, United StatesCounty in TennesseeShelby County is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 929,744.[3] It is the largest of the state's 95 counties, both in terms of population and geographic area. Its county seat is Memphis,[4] a port on the Mississippi River and the second most populous city in Tennessee. The county was named for Governor Isaac Shelby (1750–1826) of Kentucky. It is one of only two remaining counties in Tennessee with a majority African American population, along with Haywood County.Shelby County is part of the Memphis, TN–MS–AR Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is bordered on the west by the Mississippi River. Located within the Mississippi Delta, the county was developed as a center of cotton plantations in the antebellum era, and cotton continued as an important commodity crop well into the 20th century. The economy has become more diversified.","title":"Shelby County, Tennessee"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chickasaw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickasaw"},{"link_name":"Mississippian culture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippian_culture"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Cahokia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahokia"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Chickasaw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickasaw"},{"link_name":"Jackson Purchase of 1818","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_Purchase_(U.S._historical_region)"},{"link_name":"Isaac Shelby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Shelby"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tehc-1"},{"link_name":"Raleigh, Tennessee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raleigh,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Wolf River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_River_(Tennessee)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Memphis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tehc-1"},{"link_name":"slave trade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_trade"},{"link_name":"American Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"freedmen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedmen"},{"link_name":"sharecroppers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharecroppers"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"lynchings of blacks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynchings_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-supp-6"},{"link_name":"disenfranchised","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disfranchisement_after_Reconstruction_era"},{"link_name":"Jim Crow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Crow"},{"link_name":"Great Migration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"This area along the Mississippi River valley was long occupied by varying cultures of indigenous peoples. In historic times, the Chickasaw controlled much of this area. They are believed to be descendants of the important Mississippian culture, which established fortified and complex cities.[citation needed] The largest of these was Cahokia, which was active from about 950CE into the 15th century. It was developed on the east side of the Mississippi in present-day southern Illinois, roughly on the same latitude as present-day St. Louis, Missouri.[citation needed]The Shelby County area was part of the lands acquired by the United States government from the Chickasaw as part of the Jackson Purchase of 1818. Shelby County was established by European-American migrants in 1819 and named for Isaac Shelby, the former governor of Kentucky who had helped negotiate the land acquisition.[1] From 1827 to 1868, the county seat was located in then called Raleigh, Tennessee (now part of Memphis), on the Wolf River.[5] After the American Civil War, in recognition of the growth of Memphis and its importance to the state economy, the seat was moved there. (Raleigh has now been absorbed within the city limits of Memphis.)[1]The lowlands in the Mississippi Delta, closest to the Mississippi River, were developed before the war for large cotton plantations; their laborers were overwhelmingly enslaved African Americans, whom planters transported from the east or purchased in the domestic slave trade. Well before the American Civil War, the population of the county was majority black, most of whom were slaves.[citation needed] Memphis developed as a major cotton market, with many brokers.[citation needed] After the war and emancipation, many freedmen stayed on these lands by working as sharecroppers.[citation needed]Tennessee continued to have competitive politics after the freedmen were enfranchised. The eastern part of the state retained its Unionist leanings and supported the Republican Party. Blacks in the west also supported the Republican Party. Most conservative whites supported the Democrats. From 1877 to 1950, there were 20 lynchings of blacks by whites in Shelby County, the highest number of any county in the state.[6]Most blacks were disenfranchised around the turn of the century when the state passed laws raising barriers to voter registration; the legislature also imposed Jim Crow laws, including racial segregation of public facilities. Blacks were mostly closed out of the political system for more than six decades. In the 20th century, mechanization of agriculture reduced the need for farm workers at a time when industries and railroads in the North were recruiting workers. The Great Migration resulted in many African Americans moving from rural areas into Memphis or out of state to northern cities for work and social and political opportunities.After World War II, highways were constructed that led to development of much new housing on the outskirts of Memphis where land was cheap. Suburbanization, with retail businesses following new residents, took place in the county, drawing population out of the city.[citation needed] With continued residential and suburban development, the population of the metropolitan area became majority white. Six towns in the county have become incorporated; other communities are unincorporated. Residents enjoy many parks in the area as well as attractions in the city of Memphis.[citation needed]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"U.S. Census Bureau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR1-7"},{"link_name":"lowest point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_elevation"},{"link_name":"Mississippi River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River"},{"link_name":"Memphis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Mississippi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi"}],"text":"According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 785 square miles (2,030 km2), of which 763 square miles (1,980 km2) is land and 22 square miles (57 km2) (2.8%) is water.[7] It is the largest county in Tennessee by area. The lowest point in the state of Tennessee is located on the Mississippi River in Shelby County (just outside the Memphis city limits), where the river flows out of Tennessee and into Mississippi.","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Loosahatchie River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loosahatchie_River"},{"link_name":"Mississippi River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River"},{"link_name":"Nonconnah Creek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonconnah_Creek"},{"link_name":"Wolf River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_River_(Tennessee)"}],"sub_title":"Rivers","text":"Loosahatchie River\nMississippi River\nNonconnah Creek\nWolf River","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tipton County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipton_County,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Fayette County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayette_County,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Marshall County, Mississippi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_County,_Mississippi"},{"link_name":"DeSoto County, Mississippi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeSoto_County,_Mississippi"},{"link_name":"Crittenden County, Arkansas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crittenden_County,_Arkansas"}],"sub_title":"Adjacent counties","text":"Tipton County (north)\nFayette County (east)\nMarshall County, Mississippi (southeast)\nDeSoto County, Mississippi (south)\nCrittenden County, Arkansas (west)","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USA_Shelby_County,_Tennessee.csv_age_pyramid.svg"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"text":"Population pyramid Shelby County[13]","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2020 United States census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_census"}],"sub_title":"2020 census","text":"As of the 2020 United States census, there were 929,744 people, 353,950 households, and 215,446 families residing in the county.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2010 United States Census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_United_States_Census"},{"link_name":"Black or African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American"},{"link_name":"White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_American"},{"link_name":"Asian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_American"},{"link_name":"Native American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"of two or more races","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiracial_American"},{"link_name":"Hispanic or Latino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans"}],"sub_title":"2010 census","text":"As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 927,644 people living in the county. 52.1% were Black or African American, 40.6% White, 2.3% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 3.3% of some other race and 1.4 of two or more races. 5.6% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR8-17"},{"link_name":"Black","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"African American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Native American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Asian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Pacific Islander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"other races","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Hispanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"Latino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"married couples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage"},{"link_name":"per capita income","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_income"},{"link_name":"poverty line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line"}],"sub_title":"2000 census","text":"As of the census[17] of 2000, there were 897,472 people, 338,366 households, and 228,735 families living in the county. The population density was 1,189 inhabitants per square mile (459/km2). There were 362,954 housing units at an average density of 481 per square mile (186/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 48.56% Black, or African American, 47.34% White, 0.20% Native American, 1.64% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.20% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. 2.60% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.There were 338,366 households, out of which 34.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.80% were married couples living together, 20.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.40% were non-families. 27.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.18.In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.20% under the age of 18, 9.70% from 18 to 24, 31.10% from 25 to 44, 21.00% from 45 to 64, and 10.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 91.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.80 males.The median income for a household in the county was $39,593, and the median income for a family was $47,386. Males had a median income of $36,932 versus $26,776 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,856. About 12.90% of families and 16.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.90% of those under age 18 and 13.30% of those age 65 or over.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"American Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"William G. Brownlow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_G._Brownlow"},{"link_name":"E. H. Crump","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._H._Crump"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hist-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Baker v. Carr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_v._Carr"},{"link_name":"Equal Protection Clause","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause"},{"link_name":"one man, one vote","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_man,_one_vote"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hist-18"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"sheriff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelby_County_Sheriff%27s_Office_(Tennessee)"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"text":"The first county government was established as a quarterly court in 1820. During Reconstruction following the American Civil War, Governor William G. Brownlow appointed a five-member commission to govern the county. When the state drafted a new constitution in 1870, it required county officials to be elected by the people or the Quarterly Court. By 1910 the Shelby County Quarterly Court had 50 members, making it inefficient; some prominent people complained it was \"too democratic.\"E. H. Crump, the political boss of Memphis who was also influential in the county and state, gained a 1911 legislative act creating a three-member executive commission for the Shelby County Commission, which could override the court on all issues except setting property taxes, which was protected by the state constitution. He also had the number of districts reduced to nineteen and then seven.[18] After Crump's death in 1954, the executive commission of the county was abolished.[19]In 1964, the US Supreme Court ruled in Baker v. Carr that legislative districts had to be apportioned by population under the Equal Protection Clause, a principle known as one man, one vote. This change was incorporated in Shelby County, which had been biased toward geographic representation. In 1965, there were nine districts established, of roughly equal population, to elect members to the Quarterly Court.[18] These have been redistricted as needed based on decennial census population changes.In 1975, the people voted to ratify the Shelby County Restructure Act, creating a single elected executive, with the title of mayor, and an eleven-member legislative body (now called the County Commission). The commission has been expanded to thirteen members. The mayor is elected at-large and all the county commissioners are elected from 13 districts.[20] The members of the county commission serve four-year terms.Other elected officials in Shelby County include the sheriff, the chief law enforcement officer; trustee, chief tax collector, and assessor, the chief property appraiser.[21]The government has an annual budget of $1.1 billion and 6,000 employees.","title":"Law and government"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Shelby County School Board","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelby_County_Schools_(Tennessee)"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-burson-22"},{"link_name":"Equal Protection Clause","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-burson-22"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-burson-22"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-burson-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-burson-22"}],"sub_title":"School board","text":"Until 1996, the Shelby County Commission appointed members to the Shelby County School Board. This system was changed to comply with interpretation by the state that its constitution required that county officials, including school board members, should be elected by all residents of the county, and provisions of the state Education Improvement Act. In 1996 under what was known as Plan C, the Shelby County Commission established seven single-member special election districts for election of county school board members by all residents of the county. This was challenged in the case known as Board of County Commissioners of Shelby County Tennessee v. Burson.[22] Shelby County and its Board of Commissioners as plaintiffs, joined by mayors of the six suburban municipalities, filed suit in 1996 against Plan C, arguing that their rights were violated under the \"one person, one vote\" principle embodied in the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the US Constitution, as their vote would be diluted. Although Memphis City had its own school system, the Memphis population made up 74.8% of the county's population in the 1990 census, so its representatives would dominate an elected county school board, with six of seven positions. Thus Memphis representatives would dominate a system intended to serve only county residents and students who lived outside the city.[22]The US district court found in this case:the City of Memphis did not provide significant financial support to the Shelby County School District, and received money from the county;\nthe overwhelming voting power of the out-of-district Memphis residents virtually guaranteed that out-of-district residents would control the Shelby County Board of Education; \nthe number of actual crossover students was minimal, and the potential for additional crossovers was severely limited by a longstanding desegregation order; and\nthere were, at most, a few relatively minor joint programs between the districts. Accordingly, the district court concluded that the county-wide election of local school board members under Plan C was unconstitutional as applied in Shelby County and enjoined its implementation.\"[22] The lower court noted that in a similar case of Duncan (1995), it had held that \"the relevant geopolitical entity for purposes of the \"one person, one vote\" analysis in cases such as this is the school district, not the entire county.\"[22][23] When appealed, the lower court's decision was upheld, saying the \"Constitution prevented the State of Tennessee from including Memphis voters in the electorate for the Shelby County Board of Education.\"[22]As a result, the County Commissioners established seven single-member special election districts in the county outside the limits of Memphis, for the purpose of electing school board members to the Shelby County School Board.","title":"Law and government"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lee Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Harris_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Tennessee Senate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_Senate"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"}],"sub_title":"Mayors","text":"Shelby County's first elected mayor was Roy Nixon, who served from 1976 to 1978. The current Shelby County mayor is Lee Harris, who was elected in 2018 after having served as the minority leader of the Tennessee Senate.[24]Notes:Joe Ford served as interim mayor after A C Wharton's election as Mayor of Memphis in 2009.\nA C Wharton later served as Mayor of Memphis from 2009 to 2015.","title":"Law and government"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Shelby County Board of Commissioners","text":"District 1: Amber Mills\nDistrict 2: David C. Bradford, Jr\nDistrict 3: Mick Wright\nDistrict 4: Brandon Morrison\nDistrict 5: Shante K. Avant\nDistrict 6: Charlie Caswell, Jr.\nDistrict 7: Henri E. Brooks\nDistrict 8: Mickell M. Lowery\nDistrict 9: Edmund Ford, Jr.\nDistrict 10: Britney Thornton\nDistrict 11: Miska Clay Bibbs\nDistrict 12: Erika Sugarmon\nDistrict 13: Michael Whaley","title":"Law and government"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"James Gamble Rogers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gamble_Rogers"},{"link_name":"neoclassical","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture"},{"link_name":"Ionic columns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_column"},{"link_name":"sculptural","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_sculpture"},{"link_name":"J. Massey Rhind","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Massey_Rhind"},{"link_name":"Canon Law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Law"},{"link_name":"Roman Law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Law"},{"link_name":"Statutory Law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statutory_Law"},{"link_name":"Civil Law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_(common_law)"},{"link_name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_Law"},{"link_name":"The Silence of the Lambs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silence_of_the_Lambs_(film)"},{"link_name":"Dr. Hannibal Lecter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal_Lecter"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JMR-Memphis1.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JMR-Memphis4.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JMRMemphis11.jpg"},{"link_name":"Adams Avenue Historic District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams_Avenue_Historic_District"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nrhpdoc-Adams-26"}],"sub_title":"Shelby County Courthouse","text":"The Shelby County Courthouse, in Memphis on Adams Avenue between North 2nd and North 3rd streets, was designed by James Gamble Rogers and completed in 1909. This neoclassical pile features a long portico topped by a cornice supported by massive Ionic columns. The ambitious sculptural program designed by J. Massey Rhind includes the pediment groups, Canon Law, Roman Law, Statutory Law, Civil Law and Criminal Law. Female allegorical figures can be found on the north facade cornice representing Integrity, Courage, Mercy, Temperance, Prudence and Learning. Flanking the main entrances are over-life-sized seated figures embodying Wisdom, Justice, Liberty, Authority, Peace and Prosperity.It is by far the state's largest courthouse. The courthouse was featured in the movie The Silence of the Lambs as the place where Dr. Hannibal Lecter was held and escapes custody.Justice\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tAuthority\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tWisdomThe courthouse is included in the Adams Avenue Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[26]","title":"Law and government"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Democratic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Republican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Barack Obama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama"},{"link_name":"2016","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Hillary Clinton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton"},{"link_name":"Donald Trump","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-leip-27"},{"link_name":"2020","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_Presidential_Election"},{"link_name":"Joe Biden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden"},{"link_name":"1944","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_United_States_Presidential_Election"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-leip-27"}],"text":"During the mid-to-late twentieth century, Shelby County was competitive, voting for the Democratic candidate six times and the Republican candidate five times between 1952 and 1992. In the twenty-first century, the county has become reliably Democratic, due mainly to the influence of Memphis. Barack Obama twice won the county with more than 60 percent of the vote. In 2016, the county was carried by the Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, who won 62.0 percent of the vote to Donald Trump's 34.5 percent.[27]Democratic strength is concentrated in Memphis itself, while the eastern suburbs are some of the most Republican areas in Tennessee and the South. In 2020, Joe Biden received 64.42% of the vote, which is the highest share for a Democrat since 1944.[27]","title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Baptist College of Health Sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptist_College_of_Health_Sciences"},{"link_name":"Christian Brothers University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Brothers_University"},{"link_name":"Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University, Worldwide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embry%E2%80%93Riddle_Aeronautical_University,_Worldwide"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"Harding School of Theology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harding_School_of_Theology"},{"link_name":"LeMoyne–Owen College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeMoyne%E2%80%93Owen_College"},{"link_name":"Memphis College of Art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_College_of_Art"},{"link_name":"Memphis Theological Seminary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_Theological_Seminary"},{"link_name":"Rhodes College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodes_College"},{"link_name":"Southern College of Optometry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_College_of_Optometry"},{"link_name":"Southwest Tennessee Community College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Tennessee_Community_College"},{"link_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Tennessee_Health_Science_Center"},{"link_name":"University of Memphis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Memphis"},{"link_name":"Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-America_Baptist_Theological_Seminary"},{"link_name":"Union University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_University"}],"sub_title":"Higher education","text":"Shelby County is home to fourteen institutions of higher learning and satellite campuses of institutions whose main campus is in another county.Memphis is home to Baptist College of Health Sciences, Christian Brothers University, Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University, Worldwide (Memphis Campus),[28] Harding School of Theology, LeMoyne–Owen College, Memphis College of Art, Memphis Theological Seminary, Rhodes College, Southern College of Optometry, Southwest Tennessee Community College, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, and the University of Memphis.Cordova is home to Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary. Germantown is home to a satellite campus of Union University.","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Shelby County Schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelby_County_Schools_(Tennessee)"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"Arlington Community Schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington_Community_Schools"},{"link_name":"Bartlett City Schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartlett_City_Schools"},{"link_name":"Collierville Schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collierville_Schools"},{"link_name":"Germantown Municipal Schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germantown_Municipal_Schools"},{"link_name":"Lakeland School System","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakeland_School_System"},{"link_name":"Millington Municipal Schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millington_Municipal_Schools"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"Memphis City Schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_City_Schools"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"Samuel Mays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Mays"}],"sub_title":"Primary and secondary education","text":"Shelby County Schools (SCS) is a school district serving all of Memphis and most unincorporated areas.[29]Suburban school districts:Arlington Community Schools\nBartlett City Schools\nCollierville Schools\nGermantown Municipal Schools\nLakeland School System\nMillington Municipal SchoolsShelby County Schools was previously a school district that operated almost all public schools in non-Memphis areas of Shelby County, Tennessee,[30] until the end of the 2012–2013 school year; almost all areas in Shelby County that were outside the city of Memphis were zoned to schools operated by SCS. Schools in Memphis were operated by Memphis City Schools. On June 30, 2013, Memphis city and Shelby County schools consolidated, forming a unified county school system (still called Shelby County Schools), this lasted one year.In 2014, the incorporated suburbs of Arlington, Bartlett, Collierville, Germantown, Lakeland, and Millington (other than Memphis) broke away from the Unified System and formed their own municipal districts. Their residents had previously voted in favor of creating municipal school districts, and all voted to pass the related sales tax hike except for Millington, which narrowly rejected the sales tax hike by three votes.[31] On November 27, 2012, U.S. district court Judge Samuel Mays voided this vote since the state law passed at the time applied only to a specific area (which is unconstitutional). The Tennessee state legislature passed the law again, to include all of the state. All six suburbs voted again for the municipal districts and started classes on August 4, 2014.","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Transportation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Memphis Area Transit Authority","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_Area_Transit_Authority"},{"link_name":"MATA buses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MATA_Bus_Routes"},{"link_name":"MATA Trolley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATA_Trolley"},{"link_name":"suspended monorail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_railway"},{"link_name":"Memphis Suspension Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_Suspension_Railway"},{"link_name":"Mud Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_Island,_Memphis"}],"sub_title":"Local transit","text":"Public transportation is provided by the Memphis Area Transit Authority, also known as MATA for short. In addition to MATA buses, the MATA operates the MATA Trolley. The city also has a suspended monorail known as the Memphis Suspension Railway connecting the city to Mud Island.","title":"Transportation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Amtrak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amtrak"},{"link_name":"City of New Orleans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_New_Orleans_(train)"},{"link_name":"Delta Bus Lines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delta_Bus_Lines&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Flixbus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flixbus"},{"link_name":"Greyhound Lines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greyhound_Lines"},{"link_name":"Jefferson Lines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Lines"},{"link_name":"Megabus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megabus_(North_America)"}],"sub_title":"Intercity transit","text":"Amtrak (City of New Orleans)\nDelta Bus Lines\nFlixbus\nGreyhound Lines\nJefferson Lines\nMegabus","title":"Transportation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"I-40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_40_in_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"I-55","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_55_in_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"I-69","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_69_in_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"I-240","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_240_(Tennessee)"},{"link_name":"I-269","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_269_(Tennessee)"},{"link_name":"US 51","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_51_in_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"US 61","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_61_in_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"US 64","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_64_in_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"US 70","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_70_in_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"US 72","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_72_in_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"US 78","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_78_in_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"US 79","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_79_in_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"SR 1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_1"},{"link_name":"SR 3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_3"},{"link_name":"SR 4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_4"},{"link_name":"SR 14","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_14"},{"link_name":"SR 15","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_15"},{"link_name":"SR 23","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_23"},{"link_name":"SR 86","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_86"},{"link_name":"SR 175","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_175"},{"link_name":"SR 176","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_176"},{"link_name":"SR 177","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_177"},{"link_name":"SR 193","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_193"},{"link_name":"SR 204","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_204"},{"link_name":"SR 205","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_205"},{"link_name":"SR 277","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_277"},{"link_name":"SR 278","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_278"},{"link_name":"SR 300","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_300"},{"link_name":"SR 385","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_385"},{"link_name":"SR 388","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_388"},{"link_name":"Sam Cooper Boulevard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Cooper_Boulevard"}],"sub_title":"Roadways","text":"I-40\n I-55\n I-69\n I-240\n I-269\n US 51\n US 61\n US 64\n US 70\n US 72\n US 78\n US 79\n SR 1\n SR 3\n SR 4\n SR 14\n SR 15\n SR 23\n SR 86\n SR 175\n SR 176\n SR 177\n SR 193\n SR 204\n SR 205\n SR 277\n SR 278\n SR 300\n SR 385\n SR 388\nSam Cooper Boulevard","title":"Transportation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Memphis International Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_International_Airport"}],"sub_title":"Air travel","text":"Shelby County is the site of Memphis International Airport, located 3 miles (5 km) south of the center of Memphis.","title":"Transportation"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meeman-Shelby_Forest_State_Park_Shelby_County_TN_2013-06-02_003.jpg"}],"text":"Meeman-Shelby Forest State Park","title":"Recreation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"T. O. Fuller State Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._O._Fuller_State_Park"},{"link_name":"Lichterman Nature Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichterman_Nature_Center"},{"link_name":"Meeman-Shelby Forest State Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meeman-Shelby_Forest_State_Park"},{"link_name":"Memphis Parks and Recreation Centers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Memphis_Parks_and_Recreation_Centers&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Overton Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overton_Park"},{"link_name":"Shelby Farms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelby_Farms"}],"sub_title":"Parks","text":"Eagle Lake Refuge\nT. O. Fuller State Park\nLichterman Nature Center\nMeeman-Shelby Forest State Park\nMemphis Parks and Recreation Centers\nOverton Park\nPiperton Wetland Complex (part)\nPresident's Island Wildlife Management Area\nShelby Farms","title":"Recreation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Beale Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beale_Street"},{"link_name":"Chucalissa Indian Village","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chucalissa_Indian_Village"},{"link_name":"Gibson Guitar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibson_Guitar"},{"link_name":"Graceland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graceland"},{"link_name":"Elvis Presley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley"},{"link_name":"Indie Memphis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie_Memphis"},{"link_name":"Memphis Botanic Garden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_Botanic_Garden"},{"link_name":"Memphis in May","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_in_May"},{"link_name":"Memphis International Raceway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_International_Raceway"},{"link_name":"Memphis Zoo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_Zoo"},{"link_name":"Mud Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_Island,_Memphis"},{"link_name":"National Civil Rights Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Civil_Rights_Museum"},{"link_name":"Orpheum Theatre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheum_Theatre_(Memphis,_Tennessee)"},{"link_name":"Pink Palace Museum and Planetarium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Palace_Museum_and_Planetarium"}],"sub_title":"Attractions","text":"Beale Street, downtown Memphis\nChucalissa Indian Village, ancient Native American site\nGibson Guitar factory tour\nGraceland, former home of Elvis Presley\nIndie Memphis, film festival\nMemphis Botanic Garden\nMemphis in May, month-long festival\nMemphis International Raceway\nMemphis Zoo\nMud Island, Memphis\nNational Civil Rights Museum, Memphis\nOrpheum Theatre, Memphis\nPink Palace Museum and Planetarium, Memphis","title":"Recreation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Memphis Grizzlies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_Grizzlies"},{"link_name":"Memphis Redbirds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_Redbirds"},{"link_name":"Memphis 901 FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_901_FC"},{"link_name":"Memphis Showboats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_Showboats"}],"text":"Memphis Grizzlies, NBA basketball team\nMemphis Redbirds, Triple-A minor league baseball team\nMemphis 901 FC, USL Championship League soccer team established in 2018.\nMemphis Showboats, USFL football team","title":"Sports"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Shelby_County,_Tennessee.svg"}],"text":"Numbers refer to the map at right.","title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bartlett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartlett,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Germantown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germantown,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Lakeland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakeland,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Memphis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Millington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millington,_Tennessee"}],"sub_title":"Cities","text":"Bartlett – 2\nGermantown – 6\nLakeland – 3\nMemphis (county seat) – 5\nMillington – 1","title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Arlington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Collierville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collierville,_Tennessee"}],"sub_title":"Towns","text":"Arlington – 4\nCollierville – 7","title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Barretville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barretville,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Benjestown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjestown,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Brunswick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunswick,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Cordova","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordova,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Eads","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eads,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Egypt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Ellendale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellendale,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Fisherville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisherville,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Kerrville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrville,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Lenow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenow,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Northaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northaven,_Memphis"},{"link_name":"Rosemark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemark,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Shelby Forest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelby_Forest,_Tennessee"}],"sub_title":"Unincorporated communities","text":"Barretville\nBenjestown\nBrunswick\nCordova\nEads\nEgypt\nEllendale\nFisherville\nKerrville\nLenow\nNorthaven\nRosemark\nShelby Forest","title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"List of people from Memphis, Tennessee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_from_Memphis,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"American Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"C.C. Crews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.C._Crews"},{"link_name":"Bobbie Gentry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobbie_Gentry"},{"link_name":"Yo Gotti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo_Gotti"},{"link_name":"8ball & MJG","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8Ball_%26_MJG"},{"link_name":"Young Dolph","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Dolph"},{"link_name":"Three 6 Mafia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_6_Mafia"}],"text":"See also: List of people from Memphis, TennesseeJames Mortimer Crews, American Civil War veteran and brother of C.C. Crews.\nSince 2010 country singer Bobbie Gentry has lived privately in the community.\nYo Gotti, American hip-hop artist\n8ball & MJG, American hip-hop artist\nYoung Dolph, American hip-hop artist\nThree 6 Mafia, American hip-hop Grammy award-winning group","title":"Notable people"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Population pyramid Shelby County[13]","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/USA_Shelby_County%2C_Tennessee.csv_age_pyramid.svg/150px-USA_Shelby_County%2C_Tennessee.csv_age_pyramid.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Meeman-Shelby Forest State Park","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Meeman-Shelby_Forest_State_Park_Shelby_County_TN_2013-06-02_003.jpg/210px-Meeman-Shelby_Forest_State_Park_Shelby_County_TN_2013-06-02_003.jpg"},{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Map_of_Shelby_County%2C_Tennessee.svg/400px-Map_of_Shelby_County%2C_Tennessee.svg.png"},{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Shelby_County.svg/180px-Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Shelby_County.svg.png"}]
|
[{"title":"National Register of Historic Places listings in Shelby County, Tennessee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Shelby_County,_Tennessee"},{"title":"Davies Manor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davies_Manor"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Lee Harris\". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 17, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://ballotpedia.org/Lee_Harris","url_text":"\"Lee Harris\""}]},{"reference":"\"State & County QuickFacts\". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110809045325/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/47157.html","url_text":"\"State & County QuickFacts\""},{"url":"http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/47157.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Find a County\". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","url_text":"\"Find a County\""}]},{"reference":"\"A Brief History of Shelby County\". shelbycountytn.gov. Retrieved October 11, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.shelbycountytn.gov/1264/A-Brief-History-of-Shelby-County","url_text":"\"A Brief History of Shelby County\""}]},{"reference":"\"2010 Census Gazetteer Files\". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 14, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_47.txt","url_text":"\"2010 Census Gazetteer Files\""}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Decennial Census\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 14, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html","url_text":"\"U.S. Decennial Census\""}]},{"reference":"\"Historical Census Browser\". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved April 14, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/","url_text":"\"Historical Census Browser\""}]},{"reference":"Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). \"Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 14, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/tn190090.txt","url_text":"\"Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990\""}]},{"reference":"\"Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000\" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 14, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf","url_text":"\"Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000\""},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". Census.gov. Retrieved July 20, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""}]},{"reference":"\"P004 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Shelby County, Tennessee\". United States Census Bureau.","urls":[{"url":"https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?g=050XX00US47157","url_text":"\"P004 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Shelby County, Tennessee\""}]},{"reference":"\"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Shelby County, Tennessee\". United States Census Bureau.","urls":[{"url":"https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US47157&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2","url_text":"\"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Shelby County, Tennessee\""}]},{"reference":"\"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Shelby County, Tennessee\". United States Census Bureau.","urls":[{"url":"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US47157&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2","url_text":"\"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Shelby County, Tennessee\""}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"About the Mayor | Shelby County, TN – Official Website\". www.shelbycountytn.gov. Retrieved February 3, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.shelbycountytn.gov/213/About-the-Mayor","url_text":"\"About the Mayor | Shelby County, TN – Official Website\""}]},{"reference":"Burgess, Katherine (June 3, 2019). \"Roy Nixonm, first mayor to lead Shelby County, dies at 85\". Memphis Commercial Appeal. Retrieved February 3, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/news/2019/06/03/roy-nixon-shelby-county-mayor-obituary/1333413001/","url_text":"\"Roy Nixonm, first mayor to lead Shelby County, dies at 85\""}]},{"reference":"Herbert L. Harper (January 1980). \"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Adams Avenue Historic District\". National Park Service. Retrieved May 17, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/80004481_text","url_text":"\"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Adams Avenue Historic District\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service","url_text":"National Park Service"}]},{"reference":"Leip, David. \"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections\". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 12, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS","url_text":"\"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections\""}]},{"reference":"\"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Shelby County, TN\" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st47_tn/schooldistrict_maps/c47157_shelby/DC20SD_C47157.pdf","url_text":"\"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Shelby County, TN\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau","url_text":"U.S. Census Bureau"},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st47_tn/schooldistrict_maps/c47157_shelby/DC20SD_C47157.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP (2010 CENSUS): Shelby County, TN\" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/sch_dist/st47_tn/c47157_shelby/DC10SD_C47157_001.pdf","url_text":"\"SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP (2010 CENSUS): Shelby County, TN\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau","url_text":"U.S. Census Bureau"},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/sch_dist/st47_tn/c47157_shelby/DC10SD_C47157_001.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Voters Choose to Form Municipal School Districts\". WMCTV.com. Archived from the original on August 6, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120806033457/http://www.wmctv.com/story/19185213/voters-choose-to-form-municipal-school-districts","url_text":"\"Voters Choose to Form Municipal School Districts\""},{"url":"http://www.wmctv.com/story/19185213/voters-choose-to-form-municipal-school-districts","url_text":"the original"}]}]
|
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Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000\""},{"Link":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/","external_links_name":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"Link":"https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?g=050XX00US47157","external_links_name":"\"P004 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Shelby County, Tennessee\""},{"Link":"https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US47157&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2","external_links_name":"\"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Shelby County, Tennessee\""},{"Link":"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US47157&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2","external_links_name":"\"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Shelby County, Tennessee\""},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/","external_links_name":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"Link":"https://www.shelbycountytn.gov/index.aspx?NID=1264","external_links_name":"\"A Brief History of Shelby County\""},{"Link":"http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1198","external_links_name":"Edward F. Williams III, \"Shelby County\""},{"Link":"http://www.shelbycountytn.gov/index.aspx?NID=71","external_links_name":"Shelby County Commission"},{"Link":"http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/countygov/","external_links_name":"Shelby County Topic Page"},{"Link":"https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-6th-circuit/1297214.html","external_links_name":"Board of County Commissioners of Shelby County Tennessee v. Burson"},{"Link":"https://www.shelbycountytn.gov/213/About-the-Mayor","external_links_name":"\"About the Mayor | Shelby County, TN – Official Website\""},{"Link":"https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/news/2019/06/03/roy-nixon-shelby-county-mayor-obituary/1333413001/","external_links_name":"\"Roy Nixonm, first mayor to lead Shelby County, dies at 85\""},{"Link":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/80004481_text","external_links_name":"\"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Adams Avenue Historic District\""},{"Link":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/80004481_photos","external_links_name":"eight photos from 1979, including #6,#7 showing Shelby County Courthouse"},{"Link":"http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS","external_links_name":"\"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections\""},{"Link":"http://worldwide.erau.edu/campuses-online/memphis.html","external_links_name":"Embry-Riddle Worldwide official website"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100609203234/http://worldwide.erau.edu/campuses-online/memphis.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st47_tn/schooldistrict_maps/c47157_shelby/DC20SD_C47157.pdf","external_links_name":"\"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Shelby County, TN\""},{"Link":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st47_tn/schooldistrict_maps/c47157_shelby/DC20SD_C47157.pdf","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st47_tn/schooldistrict_maps/c47157_shelby/DC20SD_C47157_SD2MS.txt","external_links_name":"Text list"},{"Link":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/sch_dist/st47_tn/c47157_shelby/DC10SD_C47157_001.pdf","external_links_name":"\"SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP (2010 CENSUS): Shelby County, TN\""},{"Link":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/sch_dist/st47_tn/c47157_shelby/DC10SD_C47157_001.pdf","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10map/sch_dist/st47_tn/c47157_shelby/DC10SD_C47157_SD2MS.txt","external_links_name":"Text list"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120806033457/http://www.wmctv.com/story/19185213/voters-choose-to-form-municipal-school-districts","external_links_name":"\"Voters Choose to Form Municipal School Districts\""},{"Link":"http://www.wmctv.com/story/19185213/voters-choose-to-form-municipal-school-districts","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.shelbycountytn.gov/","external_links_name":"ShelbyCountyTN.gov"},{"Link":"http://www.shelbychambersalliance.org/","external_links_name":"Shelby County Chambers of Commerce Alliance"},{"Link":"https://curlie.org/Regional/North_America/United_States/Tennessee/Counties/Shelby/","external_links_name":"Shelby County"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shelby_County,_Tennessee¶ms=35.18_N_89.89_W_type:adm2nd_region:US-TN_source:UScensus1990","external_links_name":"35°11′N 89°53′W / 35.18°N 89.89°W / 35.18; -89.89"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/153606527","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/4448010-6","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557229705171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80109511","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/area/9f1c845b-0536-4c8e-b40e-6b4dcd3eaac6","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz area"},{"Link":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10040145","external_links_name":"NARA"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalai,_Cambodia
|
Kalai, Cambodia
|
["1 Villages","2 References"]
|
Coordinates: 13°50′N 106°57′E / 13.83°N 106.95°E / 13.83; 106.95Commune in Ou Chum District, Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia
Commune in Ratanakiri Province, CambodiaKalai
កាឡៃCommuneKalaiLocation within CambodiaCoordinates: 13°50′N 106°57′E / 13.83°N 106.95°E / 13.83; 106.95Country CambodiaProvinceRatanakiri ProvinceDistrictOu Chum DistrictVillages3Population (1998) • Total820Time zoneUTC+07Geocode160604
This article contains Khmer text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Khmer script.
Kalai (Khmer: កាឡៃ) is a commune in Ou Chum District in north-east Cambodia. It contains three villages and had a population of 820 in 1998. In the 2007 commune council elections, all five seats went to members of the Cambodian People's Party. The NGO Forum on Cambodia reported in 2006 that the land alienation rate in Kalai was moderate. (See Ratanakiri Province for background information on land alienation.)
Villages
Village
Population(1998)
Number ofhouseholds(1998)
Sex ratio(male/female)(1998)
Notes
Kalai Muoy (កាឡៃ ១, Kalai 1)
217
42
0.99
Kalai Pir (កាឡៃ ២, Kalai 2)
346
63
0.9
Kalai Bei (កាឡៃ ៣, Kalai 3)
257
46
0.96
References
^ a b c d e "Final Population Totals, Rotanak Kiri Province, 1998" (PDF). Cambodia National Institute of Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2008. Retrieved June 6, 2008.
^ "Official Results of the 2007 Commune Councils Election in Ratank Kiri" (PDF). (sic) National Election Committee, No 4.58/07 NEC.SG.PIB. April 18, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 2, 2008. Retrieved June 6, 2008.
^ "Land Alienation in Indigenous Minority Communities - Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia" (PDF). NGO Forum on Cambodia. August 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 14, 2008. Retrieved June 6, 2008.
^ "Ratanak Kiri Province". Cambodia National Institute of Statistics. Archived from the original on June 2, 2008. Retrieved June 6, 2008.
vte Ratanakiri provinceCapital city: BanlungLandmarks
Lake Yeak Laom
Ka Choung Falls
AdministrativedivisionsAndoung Meas District
Malik
Mai Hie
Nhang
Ta Lav
Banlung Municipality (city)
Kachanh
Labansiek
Yeak Laom
Bar Kaev District
Kak
Ke Chong
Laming
Lung Khung
Seung
Ting Chak
Koun Mom District Lumphat District Ou Chum District
Cha Ung
Chan/Puoy
Aekakpheap
Kalai
Ou Chum
Sameakki
L'ak
Ou Ya Dav District
Bar Kham
Lum Choar
Pak Nhai
Pate
Sesant
Saom Thum
Ya Tung
Ta Veaeng District
Ta Veaeng Leu
Ta Veaeng Kraom
Veun Sai District
Ban Pong
Hat Pak
Ka Choun
Kaoh Pang
Kaoh Peak
Kok Lak
Pa Kalan
Phnum Kok
Veun Sai
This Cambodian location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Final Population Totals, Rotanak Kiri Province, 1998\" (PDF). Cambodia National Institute of Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2008. Retrieved June 6, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081029061900/http://www.stats.nis.gov.kh/CENSUSES/villagegaz/p16.pdf","url_text":"\"Final Population Totals, Rotanak Kiri Province, 1998\""},{"url":"http://www.stats.nis.gov.kh/CENSUSES/villagegaz/p16.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Official Results of the 2007 Commune Councils Election in Ratank Kiri\" (PDF). (sic) National Election Committee, No 4.58/07 NEC.SG.PIB. April 18, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 2, 2008. Retrieved June 6, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080602210959/http://www.necelect.org.kh/English/ElectionResult/2007/Official%20results/24provinces/16%20Ratanak%20Kiri.pdf","url_text":"\"Official Results of the 2007 Commune Councils Election in Ratank Kiri\""},{"url":"http://www.necelect.org.kh/English/ElectionResult/2007/Official%20results/24provinces/16%20Ratanak%20Kiri.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Land Alienation in Indigenous Minority Communities - Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia\" (PDF). NGO Forum on Cambodia. August 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 14, 2008. Retrieved June 6, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080614044247/http://www.ngoforum.org.kh/Land/Docs/Indigenous/Land_Alienation_draft.pdf","url_text":"\"Land Alienation in Indigenous Minority Communities - Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia\""},{"url":"http://www.ngoforum.org.kh/Land/Docs/Indigenous/Land_Alienation_draft.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Ratanak Kiri Province\". Cambodia National Institute of Statistics. Archived from the original on June 2, 2008. Retrieved June 6, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080602230356/http://www.cambodia.gov.kh/unisql1/egov/english/province/ratanakiri.html","url_text":"\"Ratanak Kiri Province\""},{"url":"http://www.cambodia.gov.kh/unisql1/egov/english/province/ratanakiri.html","url_text":"the original"}]}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_Park,_Gauteng
|
Lyme Park, Gauteng
|
["1 Education","2 References"]
|
Coordinates: 26°04′59″S 28°00′47″E / 26.083°S 28.013°E / -26.083; 28.013
Place in Gauteng, South AfricaLyme ParkLyme ParkShow map of GautengLyme ParkShow map of South AfricaLyme ParkShow map of AfricaCoordinates: 26°04′59″S 28°00′47″E / 26.083°S 28.013°E / -26.083; 28.013CountrySouth AfricaProvinceGautengMunicipalityCity of JohannesburgMain PlaceSandtonArea • Total1.34 km2 (0.52 sq mi)Population (2011) • Total1,365 • Density1,000/km2 (2,600/sq mi)Racial makeup (2011) • Black African39.4% • Coloured2.1% • Indian/Asian4.7% • White53.3% • Other0.4%First languages (2011) • English68.4% • Afrikaans9.0% • Zulu4.7% • Northern Sotho2.8% • Other15.1%Time zoneUTC+2 (SAST)
Lyme Park is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region B of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.
Education
Lyme Park houses a co-ordinate education to St Stithians College as a private English speaking school.
References
^ a b c d "Sub Place Lyme Park". Census 2011.
vteGreater JohannesburgNatural environment
Highveld
Geology
Kaapvaal Craton
Transvaal Supergroup
Transvaal Basin
Witwatersrand Supergroup
Witwatersrand Basin
Banket
Topography
Witwatersrand
Magaliesberg (partially)
Vredefort impact structure (partially)
Rivers andwetlands
Blesbokspruit
Braamfontein Spruit
Crocodile River
Hennops River
Jukskei River
Klip River
Wilge River
Wonderfonteinspruit
Climate
2016 flooding
2018–2021 drought
Cradle ofHumankind
Taung Child
Mrs Ples
Little Foot
Rising Star Expedition
Underground Astronauts
Fossil sites
Bolt's Farm
Cooper's Cave
Drimolen
Gladysvale
Haasgat
Kromdraai
Malapa
Minnaar's Cave
Motsetsi
Plovers Lake
Rising Star Cave
Sterkfontein
Swartkrans
Wonder Cave
Biodiversity
Highveld grasslands (ecoregion)
Montane grasslands and shrublands (biome)
Afrotropical realm (biogeographic realm)
Palaeotropical kingdom (floristic kingdom)
Northern Provinces (WGSRPD area)
Timber trees
Vegetation types
Andesite Mountain Bushveld
Carletonville Dolomite Grassland
Eastern Highveld Grassland
Eastern Temperate Freshwater Wetlands
Egoli Granite Grassland
Gauteng Shale Mountain Bushveld
Gold Reef Mountain Bushveld
Highveld Alluvial Vegetation
Moot Plains Bushveld
Rand Highveld Grassland
Soweto Highveld Grassland
Tsakane Clay Grassland
Urban woodland
Parks and gardens
Brenthurst Gardens
Delta Park
Donald Mackay Park
Emmarentia Dam
Huddle Park
Johannesburg Botanical Garden
Johannesburg Zoo
Pullinger Kop Park
Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden
Wemmer Pan
Zoo Lake
Nature reserves
Abe Bailey Nature Reserve
Aloe Ridge Game Reserve
Klipriviersberg Nature Reserve
Kloofendal Nature Reserve
Kromdraai Conservancy
Krugersdorp Game Reserve
Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve
Marievale Bird Sanctuary
Melville Koppies
Olifantsvlei Nature Reserve
Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve
The Wilds Municipal Nature Reserve
Human impact
Acid mine drainage
Mine dumps
Urbanisation
Sprawl
CommunitiesInner City
Johannesburg CBD
Albertville
Aldara Park
Amalgam
Auckland Park
Belgravia
Bellevue
Bellevue East
Berea
Bertrams
Braamfontein
Braamfontein Werf
Brixton
City Deep
City and Suburban
City and Suburban Industrial
Cottesloe
Crosby
Crown
Crown North
Doornfontein
Droste Park
Emmarentia
Fairview
Ferreirasdorp
Fordsburg
Forest Town
Highlands
Hillbrow
Homestead Park
Jan Hofmeyer
Jeppestown
Jeppestown South
Joubert Park
Judith's Paarl
Killarney
Lake View Estate
Langlaagte North
Lorentzville
Marshalltown
Mayfair
Melville
Milpark
New Centre
New Doornfontein
Newtown
North Doornfontein
Observatory
Paarlshoop
Pageview
Park Central
Parktown
Randview
Riepen Park
Riviera
Rossmore
Trojan
Troyeville
Village Deep
Village Main
Vrededorp
Wemmer
Westbury
Westcliff
Yeoville
Northernsuburbs andenvirons
Abbotsford
Airdlin
Albertskroon
Alexandra
Atholhurst
Atholl
Atholl Gardens
Bagleyston
Barbeque Downs
Barbeque Downs Business Park
Benmore Gardens
Berario
Beverley Gardens
Birdhaven
Birnam
Blackheath
Blairgowrie
Bloubosrand
Blue Hills
Bordeaux
Bramley
Bramley North
Bramley Park
Bridle Park
Broadacres
Bromhof
Bryanbrink
Bryanston
Bryanston East
Bryanston West
Buccleuch
Bultfontein
Bush Hill
Carlswald
Chartwell
Cheltondale
Chislehurston
Country Life Park
Country View
Cowdray Park
Craighall
Craighall Park
Cramerview
Cresta
Crowthorne
Dainfern
Daniel Brink Park
Darrenwood
Dennehof
Diepsloot
Douglasdale
Dunhill
Dunkeld
Dunkeld West
Ebony Park
Edenburg
Elton Hill
Epsom Downs
Erand
Fairland
Fairway
Fairwood
Farmall
Fellside
Ferndale
Fontainebleau
Forbesdale
Fourways
Franklin Roosevelt Park
Gallo Manor
The Gardens
Glen Austin
Glenadrienne
Greenside
Gresswold
Greymont
Halfway Gardens
Halfway House Estate
Hawkins Estate
Headway Hill
Highlands North
Houghton Estate
Houtkoppen
Hurl Park
Hurlingham
Hurlingham Gardens
Hyde Park
Illovo
Inadan
Inanda
Ivory Park
Jukskei Park
Kaalfontein
Kensington B
Kentview
Kew
Khyber Rock
Klevehill Park
Kya Sand
Kya Sands
Kyalami AH
Kyalami Business Park
Kyalami Estates
Linden
Linksfield
Littlefillan
Lone Hill
Lyme Park
Magaliessig
Malanshof
Marlboro
Marlboro Gardens
Maroeladal
Maryvale
Melrose
Melrose Estate
Melrose North
Midrand
Midridge Park
Mill Hill
Millgate Farm
Moodie Hill
Morningside
Morningside Manor
New Brighton
Newlands
Nietgedacht
Noordwyk
Norscot
North Champagne Estates
Northcliff
Northern Acres
Northgate
Northriding
Oerder Park
Olivedale
Osummit
Parkhurst
Parkmore
Parktown North
Parkview
Parkwood
Paulshof
Petervale
Plooysville
President Ridge
Rabie Ridge
Randburg
Randjesfontein AH
Randjespark
Randpark
Randpark Ridge
Raumarais Park
River Club
Riverbend
Rivonia
Rosebank
Rouxville
Ruiterhof
Salfred
Sandhurst
Sandown
Sandton
Savoy Estate
Saxonwold
Simba
Solridge
Strathavon
Strijdompark
Sunninghill
Sunrella
Sunset Acres
Vandia Grove
Victory Park
Vorna Valley
Waterval Estate
Waverley
Wierda Valley
Willaway
Willowild
Witkoppen
Witpoort
Woodlands
Woodmead
Wynberg
Zandspruit
Southernsuburbs andenvirons
Aeroton
Alan Manor
Alberton
Aspen Hills
Bassonia
Booysens
Chrisville
Crown Gardens
Diepkloof
Dobsonville
Doornkop
Drieziek
Eastcliff
Elandspark
Eldorado Park
Electron
Elladoone
Ennerdale
Evans Park
Forest Hill
Framton
Gillview
Glenanda
Glenesk
Glenvista
Haddon
The Hill
Kanana Park
Kenilworth
Kibler Park
Klipriviersberg
Klipriviersberg Estate
Kliptown
La Rochelle
Lawley
Lenasia
Liefde en Vrede
Lindberg Park
Linmeyer
Mayfield Park
Meadowlands
Meredale
Moffat View
Mondeor
Mulbarton
Nasrec
Noordgesig
Oakdene
Ophirton
Orange Farm
Orlando
Ormonde
Phiri
Protea Glen
Regents Park
Regents Park Estate
Reuven
Rewlatch
Reynolds View
Ridgeway
Risana
Rispark
Robertsham
Roseacre
Rosettenville
Salisbury Claims
Selby
South Hills
Southdale
Southfork
Southgate
Soweto
Springfield
Stafford
Steeledale
Suideroord
Theta
Towerby
Townsview
Tulisa Park
Turf Club
Turffontein
Unigray
Winchester Hills
Zola
East Rand
Allen Grove
Aston Manor
Bapsfontein
Bedfordview
Benoni
Benrose
Bezuidenhout Valley
Birch Acres
Birchleigh
Birchleigh North
Boksburg
Bonaero Park
Brakpan
Bredell
Bruma
Cresslawn
Croydon
Cyrildene
Daveyton
Dawn Park
Dewetshof
Duduza
Edenvale
Edleen
Elcedes
Elsburg
Esther Park
Etwatwa
Fairmount
The Gables
Germiston
Glen Marais
Glenhazel
Greenstone Hill
Heriotdale
Isando
Katlehong
Kempton Park
Kempton Park West
Kensington
KwaThema
Lakeside
Langaville
Lombardy East
Malvern
Modderfontein
Mountain View
Nigel
Nimrod Park
Norkem Park
Norwood
Oaklands
Olifantsfontein
Orange Grove
Percelia Estate
Pomona
Primrose
Prolecon
Raedene Estate
Reiger Park
Rhodesfield
Spartan
Spes Bona
Springs
Sunningdale
Sunningdale Ridge
Sydenham
Talboton
Terenure
Thembisa
Thokoza
Tsakane
Van Riebeeck Park
Victoria
Vosloorus
Wanderers View
Wattville
West Rand
Azaadville
Bekkersdal
Blyvooruitzicht
Boikarabelo
Bosmont
Carletonville
Claremont
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Denver
Driefontein
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Florida
Florida Glen
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Lindley
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Randfontein
Rietvallei
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Westonaria
Zuurbekom
Cityscape
Constitution Hill
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Malibongwe Drive
Metropolitan routes
M1
M2
Provincial routes
R24
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R29
R41
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R82
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N1
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N17
Landmarks
Tallest buildings
Public art
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Flame of Democracy
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Civicbuildings
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Officebuildings
11 Diagonal Street
Chamber of Mines Building
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Kimberley House
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Megawatt Park
Natal Bank Building
National Bank Building
Shell House
Standard Bank Building
Victory House
Skyscrapers
Absa Tower
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Carlton Hotel
Exchange Square
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Radiopark
Schlesinger Building
Southern Life Centre
Standard Bank Centre
Trust Bank Building
UCS Building
Residentialbuildings
Ansteys Building
Arop House
Astor Mansions
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Circle Court
Dorkay House
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Radoma Court
Skyscrapers
120 End Street
Highpoint Hillbrow
Ponte City
Tygerberg Building
Structures
Brixton Tower
Hillbrow Tower
Nelson Mandela Bridge
Grayston Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge
Urban planning
Alexandra Renewal Project
GovernmentNational governmentCourts
Constitutional Court of South Africa
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Chapter nine institutions
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Provincial government
Gauteng Provincial Legislature
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Municipalities
City of Johannesburg
Seat: Johannesburg
Mayor: Kabelo Gwamanda
Elections
Flag
Coat of arms
City of Ekurhuleni
Seat: Germiston
Mayor: Sivuyile Ngodwana
Elections
West Rand
Merafong
Seat: Carletonville
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Seat: Krugersdorp
Rand West
Seat: Randfontein
African Union
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Bureau
Secretariat
NEPAD Secretariat
PoliticsGoverning parties
Johannesburg: Al Jama-ah
Ekurhuleni: AIC
West Rand: ANC
Merafong: ANC
Mogale: DA
Rand West: ANC
Political organisationsand parties based inGreater JohannesburgPolitical parties
ActionSA
African Christian Democratic Party
African National Congress
Veteran's League
Women's League
Youth League
African People's Convention
Agang
Azanian People's Organisation
Capitalist Party
Congress of the People
Dagga Party
Economic Freedom Fighters
Pan Africanist Congress
South African Communist Party
Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party
Workers and Socialist Party
Trade unions
COSATU
AFADWU
CEPPWAWU
CWU
NEHAWU
NUM
POPCRU
SAAPAWU
SACCAWU
SADNU
SADTU
SAFPU
SAMWU
SASAWU
SASBO
SATAWU
FEDUSA
UASA
NACTU
SAFTU
NUMSA
Other politicalorganisations
Afrikanerbond
Ahmed Kathrada Foundation
Civicus
COSAS
Dagga Couple
Earthlife Africa
Free Market Foundation
Helen Suzman Foundation
Jacob Zuma Foundation
Keep Left
Landless People's Movement
OUTA
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SASCO
South African Institute of Race Relations
South African Zionist Federation
Tripartite Alliance
Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
History
Timeline
Kweneng' Ruins
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Johannesburg Fort
Blockhouses
Monumentsand memorials
Anglo-Boer War Memorial
Chris Hani Memorial
Constitution Hill
Hector Pieterson Memorial
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Scottish Horse War Memorial
Walter Sisulu Square
Cemeteries
Avalon Cemetery
Juliwe Cemetery
Westpark Cemetery
Historicalsites
Bantu Men's Social Centre
Kirchoff's Building
Langlaagte Stamp Mill
OK Bazaars
Rand Water Board Building
Red Square
Rissik Street Post Office
Shlom Native Eating House
Union Observatory
Houses
36 Houghton Drive
David Webster House
Dr Xuma House
Endstead
House Brunton
House Hains
James Mpanza House
Kholvad House
Lindfield House
Mandela House
Parktown mansions
Villa Arcadia
Pullinger Kop
Rahima Moosa House
Satyagraha House
Tutu House
Villa d'Este
Historicalcompanies andorganisationsCompanies
Bosasa
Deneys Reitz
Edcon
Lema
Mandela and Tambo
Simmer and Jack
VBS Mutual Bank
Politicalorganisations
Anti-Privatisation Forum
Black Sash
Democratic Left Front
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Industrial Workers of the World
MK Military Veterans' Association
Reform Committee
Socialist Party of Azania
Other organisations
Witwatersrand Native Labour Association
Events
Jameson Raid
Braamfontein explosion
Battle of Doornkop
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Rand Rebellion
Empire Exhibition
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1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
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Congress of the People
Freedom Charter
Treason Trial
1957 Alexandra bus boycott
Soweto uprising
Concert in the Park
Westdene dam disaster
Eerste Alternatiewe Afrikaanse Rockkonsert
Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
Shell House massacre
Ellis Park Stadium disaster
Bredell land occupation
World Summit on Sustainable Development
Johannesburg Declaration
2002 Soweto bombings
Jacob Zuma rape trial
Live 8 concert
Live Earth concert
Occupy Johannesburg
Murder of Mido Macia
Death and state memorial service of Nelson Mandela
2015 train crash
#FeesMustFall
Life Esidimeni scandal
10th BRICS summit
Zondo Commission
2019 riots
Shooting of Nathaniel Julies
Zuma riots
Murder of Babita Deokaran
2022 Soweto shooting
Boksburg explosion
2023 Boksburg gas leak
15th BRICS summit
2023 building fire
CultureCultural heritage
Architecture
Gumboot dancing
amaKota
Kwaito
Performance art
Joburg Ballet
Musical ensembles
Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra
Johannesburg Youth Orchestra
Soweto Gospel Choir
Soweto String Quartet
Theatres
Alexander Theatre
Alhambra Theatre
Johannesburg Civic Theatre
Market Theatre
Wits Theatre
Events and festivals
Abantu Book Festival
Encounters South African International Documentary Festival
Joburg Art Fair
In the City
Johannesburg International Motor Show
Johannesburg Pride
Jozi Book Fair
Naledi Theatre Awards
Out In Africa South African Gay and Lesbian Film Festival
RAMFest
Rand Show
South Africa’s Children’s Book Fair
Transforming Stories International Christian Film Festival
Ultra South Africa
Museums and artgalleries
Apartheid Museum
Constitution Hill Museum
Fietas Museum
Gold Reef City
Goodman Gallery
Hector Pieterson Museum
James Hall Transport Museum
Johannesburg Art Gallery
Sober & Lonely Institute for Contemporary Art
South African Airways Museum
Mandela House
Market Photo Workshop
Maropeng
Military History Museum
Museum Africa
Photo:
Satyagraha House
Workers' Museum
Defunct
SAB World of Beer
South African National Railway And Steam Museum
Clubs and societies
Afrikaanse Taal- en Kultuurvereniging
Automobile Association
Nippon Club
Rand Club
SAA Museum Society
South African Radio League
Southern African Vexillological Association
Religion
SACC
Anglican
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Catholic
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Jewish
Union of Orthodox Synagogues
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Ohr Somayach
SAUPJ
Islamic
Jamiatul Ulama
Places ofworshipChurchesAnglican
Cathedral Church of Saint Mary the Virgin
Cathedral Church of Saint Dunstan
St Aidan's Anglican Church
St Boniface Church
St Mary's Anglican Church
St Michael and All Angels' Anglican Church
Baptist
Troyeville Baptist Church
Calvinist
Brixton Reformed Church
Fordsburg Reformed Church
Johanesburg East Reformed Church
Johannesburg North Reformed Church
Johannesburg Reformed Church
Johannesburg Reformed Church (GKSA)
Langlaagte Reformed Church
Linden Reformed Church
Parkhurst Reformed Church
Turffontein Reformed Church
Catholic
Cathedral of Christ the King
Holy Trinity Catholic Church
Regina Mundi Catholic Church
Maronite
Shrine of Our Lady of the Cedars
GreekOrthodox
Cathedral of Saints Constantine and Helen
Latter-daySaints
Johannesburg South Africa Temple
Lutheran
Friedenskirche
SynagoguesOrthodox
Chassidim Shul
Doornfontein Synagogue
Great Synagogue
Oxford Shul
Historical
President Street Synagogue
Progressive
Beit Emanuel Progressive Synagogue
Temple Israel
Mosques
Jumah Mosque
Nizamiye Mosque
Hindu temples
Madhya Kailash Shiva Temple
Scientology centres
Castle Kyalami
Media
South African National Editors' Forum
Southern African Music Rights Organisation
AmaBhungane
Mass mediaMagazines
African Communist
Drum
Financial Mail
Mining Weekly
Music Industry Online
Nomad Africa Magazine
SA Flyer
Defunct
Die Arbeider en Arm Boer
Style
Top 40 Music Magazine
Newspapers
Caxton local newspapers (various)
Beeld
Business Day
The Citizen
City Press
Daily Maverick
Daily Sun
Jewish Report
Mail & Guardian
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Rapport
The South African
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Sunday Times
TimesLIVE
Wits Vuvuzela
Defunct
New Age
The New Age
The World
Radio stations
5FM
702
947
ArrowLine Chinese Radio
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Hot 1027
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YFM
Television channels
CNBC Africa
eNCA
M-Net
Me
SABC 1
SABC 2
SABC 3
SABC Children
SABC Education
SABC News
SABC Sport
Soweto TV
Defunct
M-Net Series
Film studios
Film Resource Unit
Quizzical Pictures
Defunct
Killarney Film Studios
Record labels
Ambitiouz Entertainment
CCP Records
Family Tree Records
Gallo Records
Kalawa Jazmee Records
Game studios
Celestial Games
Cultural references
District 9
Egoli: Place of Gold
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The Real Housewives of Johannesburg
Sarafina!
"Soweto Blues"
Welcome to Our Hillbrow
Zoo City
Economy
Johannesburg Stock Exchange
AltX
Safex
companies traded
A2X Markets
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CompaniesvteCompanies based in Greater JohannesburgDiversifiedconglomerates
Aveng
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Airlines
Aerolift
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Cargo
CemAir
Egoli Air
Federal Air
Global Aviation
National Airways
Norse Air
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SAA
Safair
FlySafair
Solenta Aviation
Defunct
1time
African International Airways
AirQuarius Aviation
Avia
Comair
Command Airways
Executive Aerospace
Fly Blue Crane
Imperial Air Cargo
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kulula.com
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South African Express
Constructionand engineering
Concor
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Energy
DLO Energy Resources
Total South Africa
Financial
Absa Group
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Riovic Capital Group
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STANLIB
Venmyn Rand
Banks
Absa Bank
Access Bank South Africa
African Alliance Investment Bank
African Bank
Bank Zero
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Rand Merchant Bank
Sasfin Bank
Stanchart South Africa
Standard Bank
TymeBank
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Wizzit
Defunct
VBS Mutual Bank
Hospitality
Southern Sun Hotels
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ICT
Afrihost
BCX
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EOH Holdings
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OTEL Telecoms
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Teraco Data Environments
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Defunct
Internet Solutions
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Legal
Bowman Gilfillan
ENSafrica
Webber Wentzel
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Defunct
Deneys Reitz
Mandela and Tambo
Manufacturing
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African Explosives
All Joy Foods
Bakers
Clover Industries
FEW
IWC
Isuzu Trucks South Africa
Land Systems OMC
Nampak
Paramount Group
PPC
Premier FMCG
Rand Refinery
Rembrandt Group
Sappi
Simba
SkyReach Aircraft
Sling Aircraft
South African Breweries
Tiger Brands
Truvelo Armoury
Union Carriage & Wagon
Defunct
Basil Green Motors
New PowerChutes
Media
Arena Holdings
Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers
MultiChoice
Nu Metro Cinemas
Primedia
SABC
StarSat
Ster-Kinekor
Mining
Alexkor
Asa Resources
African Rainbow Minerals
AngloGold Ashanti
DRDGOLD
ERPM
Gold Fields
Harmony Gold
Impala Platinum
JCI
Metorex
Northam Platinum
Sibanye-Stillwater
Defunct
Simmer and Jack
Retail andmarketing
AutoTrader
Bidorbuy
Cadac
CNA
The Creative Counsel
Dis-Chem
Exclusive Books
Hyundai South Africa
Incredible Connection
Massmart
Wantitall
Defunct
Edcon
OK Bazaars
Restaurantfranchises
Chicken Licken
Debonairs Pizza
Mugg & Bean
Nando's
Roman's Pizza
Steers
Wimpy
Services
Netcare
SA Waste Holdings
Defunct
Bosasa
Education Facilitators
Transport
Avis Southern Africa
Comazar
PUTCO
Surtees Rail Group
State-ownedenterprises
Airports Company South Africa
Denel Aeronautics
Development Bank of Southern Africa
Eskom
Rand Water
South African Broadcasting Corporation
Sasol
Sentech
South African Airways
Transnet
Freightdynamics
Defunct
Lema
Companies based in Ekurhuleni
Companies based in Johannesburg
Professionalassociations
Gauteng Institute for Architecture
South African Institute of Chartered Accountants
South African Institute of Electrical Engineers
South African Institute of Professional Accountants
Mining
Minerals Council South Africa
Rand Refinery
Mines
Blyvooruitzicht
Driefontein
ERPM
KDC
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Kusasalethu
Mintails
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Old Randfontein
Randfontein
South Deep
TauTona
West Wits
Shopping centres
Carlton Centre
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Dobsonville Mall
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Mall of Africa
Maponya Mall
Nelson Mandela Square
Northgate
Northmead Square
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Oriental Plaza
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Sandton City
Southgate
Hotels and resorts
The Leonardo
Michelangelo Towers
Montecasino
Venues
The Bassline
Ellis Park Arena
Gallagher Convention Centre
Restaurants,bars and cafés
The Radium
Tourism
Gold Reef City
Cultural villages
Ke-Ditselana Cultural Village
Kwa-Khaya Lendaba Cultural Village
Lesedi Cultural Village
TransportCivil aviation
South African Civil Aviation Authority
Airports
Grand Central Airport
Lanseria International Airport
O. R. Tambo International Airport
Rand Airport
Defunct
Palmietfontein Airport
Road transport
Gauteng Department of Roads and Transport
Johannesburg Roads Agency
Roads
Freeways
e-tolling
Buses and taxis
PUTCO
Trolleybuses
Rail transport
Gautrain
Metrorail Gauteng
Johannesburg–Durban high speed rail (proposed)
Trams
Train stations
Johannesburg Park Station
Marlboro Station
Midrand Station
Rhodesfield Station
Rosebank Station
Sandton Station
SportsSports governingbodies based inGreater Johannesburg
SASCOC
Athletics South Africa
Basketball South Africa
Bowls South Africa
Cricket South Africa
Mind Sports South Africa
South African Baseball Union
South African Confederation of Cue Sport
South African Equestrian Federation
South African Football Association
South African Handball Federation
South African Hockey Association
South African National Climbing Federation
South African Sailing
Squash South Africa
Volleyball South Africa
TeamsSoccer
Atlie
Bidvest Wits
Jomo Cosmos
JVW
Kaizer Chiefs
Lusitano
Mahlangu Tigers
Moroka Swallows
Orlando Pirates
Wits University
Yebo Yes United
Former
Germiston Callies
Giant Blackpool
Rugby
Golden Lions
Lions
Falcons
Jozi Cats
Cricket
Central Gauteng Lions
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Easterns Women
Highveld Lions
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Joburg Super Kings
Titans
Basketball
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UJ men's basketball team
Equestrian sports
National Horseracing Authority
South African Lipizzaners
Sports events
1992 Return Test
1995 Rugby World Cup
Final
2003 Cricket World Cup
Final
2010 FIFA World Cup
Final
Joburg Open
Joburg Ladies Open
South African Derby
South African PGA Championship
Soweto Derby
Sports venuesStadia andarenas
Alexandra Stadium
Arthur Block Park Stadium
Barnard Stadium
Bidvest Stadium
Bosman Stadium
Cecil Payne Stadium
Dobsonville Stadium
Ellis Park Arena
Ellis Park Stadium
Germiston Stadium
Huntersfield Stadium
Johannesburg Stadium
KwaThema Stadium
Lenasia Stadium
Makhulong Stadium
Mehlareng Stadium
Modderfontein Stadium
Mohlakeng Stadium
Orlando Stadium
Potgietersrus Rugby Stadium
Rabie Ridge Stadium
Rand Stadium
Randburg Hockey Stadium
Ruimsig Stadium
Sinaba Stadium
Soccer City
Soweto Cricket Oval
UJ Stadium
Union Stadium
Wanderers Stadium
Willowmoore Park Stadium
Defunct
Old Wanderers
PAM Brink Stadium
WeBuyCars Dome
Golf courses
Glendower Golf Club
Randpark Golf Club
Royal Johannesburg & Kensington Golf Club
Equestrianvenues
Turffontein Racecourse
Motorsportsvenues
Kyalami Grand Prix Circuit
Defunct
WesBank Raceway
Education and research
GDE
CIDA
FOTIM
Geological Society of South Africa
Mandela Institute for Development Studies
SAARF
South African Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation
Student Sponsorship Programme South Africa
Libraries
Brenthurst Library
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Orlando East Public Library
UJ Libraries
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UniversitiesUniversity of Johannesburg
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UJFM
Campuses
APB Campus
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University of the Witwatersrand
Campuses
Evolutionary Studies Institute
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Johannesburg Planetarium
Philosophical Papers
Wits Theatre Complex
Wits Vuvuzela
Faculties
Commerce, Law and Management
Engineering and the Built Environment
School of Architecture and Planning
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Category
Johannesburg
This Johannesburg-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Johannesburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg"},{"link_name":"South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality"}],"text":"Place in Gauteng, South AfricaLyme Park is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region B of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.","title":"Lyme Park, Gauteng"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"St Stithians College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Stithians_College"},{"link_name":"English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language"}],"text":"Lyme Park houses a co-ordinate education to St Stithians College as a private English speaking school.","title":"Education"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Sub Place Lyme Park\". Census 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/798013034","url_text":"\"Sub Place Lyme Park\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lyme_Park,_Gauteng¶ms=26.083_S_28.013_E_region:ZA_type:city(1365)","external_links_name":"26°04′59″S 28°00′47″E / 26.083°S 28.013°E / -26.083; 28.013"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lyme_Park,_Gauteng¶ms=26.083_S_28.013_E_region:ZA_type:city(1365)","external_links_name":"26°04′59″S 28°00′47″E / 26.083°S 28.013°E / -26.083; 28.013"},{"Link":"http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/798013034","external_links_name":"\"Sub Place Lyme Park\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lyme_Park,_Gauteng&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Smith_(footballer,_born_1957)
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Steve Smith (footballer, born 1957)
|
["1 References"]
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English footballer
Steve SmithPersonal informationFull name
Stephen John SmithDate of birth
(1957-06-12) 12 June 1957 (age 66)Place of birth
Lydney, EnglandPosition(s)
GoalkeeperYouth career
Cardiff City1973–1975
Birmingham CitySenior career*Years
Team
Apps
(Gls)1975–1978
Birmingham City
2
(0)1978–1982
Bradford City
105
(0)1982–1983
Crewe Alexandra
54
(0)1983–19??
Trowbridge Town
Managerial career1984–19??
Trowbridge Town
*Club domestic league appearances and goals
Stephen John Smith (born 12 June 1957) is an English former professional footballer who made 161 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham City, Bradford City and Crewe Alexandra.
Smith was born in Lydney, Gloucestershire. As a schoolboy he was associated with Cardiff City, but when he left school in 1973, he joined Birmingham City as an apprentice. He was capped by England at youth level in 1975, and turned professional with Birmingham in the same year. In November 1975 Smith saved a penalty kick from Kenny Dalglish in a friendly match against Celtic celebrating the centenary of the Birmingham club. He made his debut in the First Division on 13 March 1976 as an 18-year-old, standing in for Dave Latchford in a 1–0 defeat at home to Liverpool. He kept his place for the next game, but inconsistency meant he was never more than a reserve goalkeeper.
In March 1978 Smith joined Bradford City of the Third Division for a fee of £5,000. Relegated at the end of the 1977–78 season, Smith ended his Bradford City career four years and 105 league games later with the club newly promoted back to the Third Division. He went on to 15 months and 54 league games back in the Fourth Division with Crewe Alexandra, before returning nearer home to non-league football with Trowbridge Town. Three months after joining as a player, Smith took over as Trowbridge manager as well.
References
^ a b c "Steve Smith". UK A–Z Transfers. Neil Brown. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
^ a b c d e f Matthews, Tony (1995). Birmingham City: A Complete Record. Derby: Breedon Books. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-85983-010-9.
^ Matthews, p. 249.
^ Matthews, p. 211.
^ "Bradford City". Football Club History Database. Richard Rundle. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
National
Germany
United States
Netherlands
Poland
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|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Steve Smith\". UK A–Z Transfers. Neil Brown. Retrieved 30 August 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.neilbrown.newcastlefans.com/player10/stevesmith.html","url_text":"\"Steve Smith\""}]},{"reference":"Matthews, Tony (1995). Birmingham City: A Complete Record. Derby: Breedon Books. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-85983-010-9.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85983-010-9","url_text":"978-1-85983-010-9"}]},{"reference":"\"Bradford City\". Football Club History Database. Richard Rundle. Retrieved 2 May 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fchd.info/BRADFORC.HTM","url_text":"\"Bradford City\""}]}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohneh_Deh,_West_Azerbaijan
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Kohneh Deh, West Azerbaijan
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["1 References"]
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Coordinates: 36°59′55″N 45°41′48″E / 36.99861°N 45.69667°E / 36.99861; 45.69667For the other village named Kohneh Deh in West Azerbaijan Province, see Kohneh Deh, Akhtachi-ye Gharbi.
Village in West Azerbaijan, IranKohneh Deh
كهنه دهvillageKohneh DehCoordinates: 36°59′55″N 45°41′48″E / 36.99861°N 45.69667°E / 36.99861; 45.69667Country IranProvinceWest AzerbaijanCountyMahabadBakhshCentralRural DistrictMokriyan-e GharbiPopulation (2006) • Total164Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST) • Summer (DST)UTC+4:30 (IRDT)
Kohneh Deh (Persian: كهنه ده) is a village in Mokriyan-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 164, in 30 families.
References
^ Kohneh Deh can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "10078236" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.
vte Mahabad CountyCapital
Mahabad
DistrictsCentralCities
Mahabad, Gug Tappeh
Rural Districts and villagesAkhtachi-ye Gharbi(West Akhtachi)
Aminabad
Bajvand
Bardeh Mish
Basri
Borhan
Bowzeh
Darman
Dustali
Haftvaneh
Hajji Ali Kand
Isa Kand
Kani Kowtar
Kapeh Kand
Kelijeh
Khatunbagh
Khatunkhas
Kohneh Deh Dum
Lachin
Qalat
Qaleh Jugheh
Qamtareh
Qarah Bolagh
Qezeljeh-ye Sofla
Qurghan
Sahulan
Sanjaq
Sarvaneh
Seyyedabad
Shilanabad
Sichan Bolaghi
Tekanlujeh
Utmish
Uzun Darreh-ye Olya
Uzun Darreh-ye Sofla
Yadabad-e Olya
Yadabad-e Sofla
Zagadrav
Mokriyan-e Gharbi (West Mokriyan)
Albolagh
Chumelan
Dareh Lak
Dash Khaneh
Dash Teymur
Deh Bekr
Deryaz
Ebrahimeh
Egriqash
Gapis
Gerd-e Yaqub
Guleh
Hajjiabad
Hamzehabad
Kahrizeh-ye Sheykhan
Khalifeh
Khaneqah-e Khangeh
Khvor Khvoreh
Kohneh Deh
Kowtar
Kuseh Kahriz
Mahabad Culture and Technology Centre
Pain Darreh
Qarah Khan
Qarah Qeshlaq
Qaziabad
Qezel Qapi
Qojiabad
Qomqaleh
Salim Saghul
Selakeh
Tut Aghaj
Yusef Kandi
Mokriyan-e Sharqi (East Mokriyan)
Abdollahabad
Azad
Badam
Bardeh Rashan
Gabazeleh
Gerdeh Gerow
Gerdeh Rash
Hajji Khvosh
Khatai
Kichabad
Laj
Mahabad Industrial Estate
Qapi-ye Baba Ali
Qarah Dagh
Qolqoleh
Tang-e Balekeh
Torshakan
KhalifanCities
Khalifan
Rural Districts and villagesKani Bazar
Barreju
Berava
Beyram
Chahargah
Eyn Molla
Ganehdar
Garavi
Gavdari-ye Qarah Ney
Gavmishan
Gerd-e Shilan
Gerdeh Bardan
Golinan
Hachi Darreh
Il-e Teymur
Kalleh Kavi
Kani Miran
Kani Rash
Kani Sefid
Kani Sib
Kavelan-e Olya
Kavelan-e Sofla
Khal Dalil
Kitekeh
Kohneh Deh Shugai
Kol Tappeh
Kuran
Kurgeh
Kushgeh Darreh
Mazhgeh
Mireh Deh
Pazhbard
Pir Mikail
Qaleh Juqeh
Qalui Zendan
Quzluy-e Olya
Quzluy-e Sofla
Quytal
Savinas
Shahr-e Zur
Sheykh Yusof
Uzuntash
Yar Ali
Zendeh Qul
Mangur-e Sharqi(East Mangur)
Abdollah Kordeh
Afan
Aghasur
Amid
Ashab
Bagerdan-e Olya
Bagerdan-e Sofla
Benguin
Beytas
Chowmel
Dagheh
Do Seyyed
Dul Bahar
Dul Pamu
Eslamabad
Gagosh-e Olya
Gagosh-e Sofla
Giah Dowran
Golyar
Gowmelian
Hajji Karimi Coffee Company
Hajji Mamian
Hasan Chap
Hermeh
Jandaran
Kamam
Karag
Kavis
Key Salan
Khanegah
Kharehju
Khatunasti
Mahmudabad
Mahmudabad
Maraneh
Margaru
Mazeleh
Mazraeh
Miriseh
Pelkeh
Qalat-e Senan
Qarah Chelan
Qarah Qach
Qeshquneh-ye Olya
Qeshquneh-ye Sofla
Qowzlujeh
Rafteh
Salm
Saminu
Sar Tang
Sarhulan
Sartan
Sarv
Shekar Beg
Sheykhan
Shurabad
Siaqul-e Olya
Siaqul-e Sofla
Soluk
Sorkhab
Sulgheh
Ziveh
Iran portal
This Mahabad County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kohneh Deh, Akhtachi-ye Gharbi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohneh_Deh,_Akhtachi-ye_Gharbi"},{"link_name":"Persian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Mokriyan-e Gharbi Rural District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokriyan-e_Gharbi_Rural_District"},{"link_name":"Central District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_District_(Mahabad_County)"},{"link_name":"Mahabad County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabad_County"},{"link_name":"West Azerbaijan Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Azerbaijan_Province"},{"link_name":"Iran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"For the other village named Kohneh Deh in West Azerbaijan Province, see Kohneh Deh, Akhtachi-ye Gharbi.Village in West Azerbaijan, IranKohneh Deh (Persian: كهنه ده)[1] is a village in Mokriyan-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 164, in 30 families.[2]","title":"Kohneh Deh, West Azerbaijan"}]
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[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)\" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1385/results/all/04.xls","url_text":"\"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_Center_of_Iran","url_text":"Statistical Center of Iran"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110920084728/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/04.xls","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauger,_Count_of_Corbeil
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Mauger, Count of Corbeil
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["1 Life","2 References"]
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Mauger, (c.988-1032) jure uxoris Count of Corbeil was the third son of Richard I of Normandy, and ruled as Count of Corbeil through his wife Germaine, either a daughter or granddaughter of Aymon, Count of Corbeil. "Corbeil" is thought to be the modern Corbeil-Essonnes on the River Seine about 17 miles south-east of Paris.
Life
Mauger was a son of Richard I, Duke of Normandy and his second wife, Gunnor. He was a younger brother of duke Richard II and uncle of duke Robert I. He married in the year 1012, Germaine, daughter or granddaughter of Aymon (Haymon), Count of Corbeil, and his wife Elizabeth Le Riche.
He may have been the father of William "Werlenc" , Count of Mortain, though this is disputed.
Biography portal
References
^ The Haskins Society Journal, Volume 4 (Hambledon Press, 1992), p. 25
^ Round, p.146
^ a b Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 79
^ David Charles Douglas and George William Greenaway, English Historical Documents, 1042-1189 (Psychology Press, 1996), p. 297
This Normandy-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"jure uxoris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jure_uxoris"},{"link_name":"Richard I of Normandy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Corbeil-Essonnes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbeil-Essonnes"},{"link_name":"River Seine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Seine"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"full citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include"}],"text":"Mauger, (c.988-1032) jure uxoris Count of Corbeil was the third son of Richard I of Normandy, and ruled as Count of Corbeil through his wife Germaine, either a daughter or granddaughter of Aymon, Count of Corbeil.[1] \"Corbeil\" is thought to be the modern Corbeil-Essonnes on the River Seine about 17 miles south-east of Paris.[2][full citation needed]","title":"Mauger, Count of Corbeil"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Richard I, Duke of Normandy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy"},{"link_name":"Gunnor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnor"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ESII79-3"},{"link_name":"Richard II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II,_Duke_of_Normandy"},{"link_name":"Robert I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_I,_Duke_of_Normandy"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ESII79-3"},{"link_name":"William \"Werlenc\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_%22Werlenc%22&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"fr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Guerlenc"},{"link_name":"Count of Mortain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Counts_of_Mortain"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Biography portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography"}],"text":"Mauger was a son of Richard I, Duke of Normandy and his second wife, Gunnor.[3] He was a younger brother of duke Richard II and uncle of duke Robert I.[3] He married in the year 1012, Germaine, daughter or granddaughter of Aymon (Haymon), Count of Corbeil, and his wife Elizabeth Le Riche.He may have been the father of William \"Werlenc\" [fr], Count of Mortain, though this is disputed.[4]Biography portal","title":"Life"}]
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[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mauger.jpg/170px-Mauger.jpg"}]
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[]
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[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mauger,_Count_of_Corbeil&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Creek_Township,_White_County,_Illinois
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Indian Creek Township, White County, Illinois
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["1 Geography","2 Demographics","3 References","4 External links"]
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Coordinates: 37°58′26″N 88°19′11″W / 37.97389°N 88.31972°W / 37.97389; -88.31972
Township in Illinois, United StatesIndian Creek TownshipTownshipLocation of Illinois in the United StatesCoordinates: 37°58′26″N 88°19′11″W / 37.97389°N 88.31972°W / 37.97389; -88.31972CountryUnited StatesStateIllinoisCountyWhiteOrganizedNovember 7, 1871Area • Total54.16 sq mi (140.3 km2) • Land53.86 sq mi (139.5 km2) • Water0.31 sq mi (0.8 km2)Elevation420 ft (130 m)Population (2010) • Estimate (2016)2,263Time zoneUTC-6 (CST) • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)ZIP codeXXXXXArea code618FIPS code17-193-37231
Indian Creek Township is located in White County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 2,322 and it contained 1,137 housing units.
Geography
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 54.16 square miles (140.3 km2), of which 53.86 square miles (139.5 km2) (or 99.45%) is land and 0.31 square miles (0.80 km2) (or 0.57%) is water.
Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
2016 (est.)2,263U.S. Decennial Census
References
^ a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
^ a b "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County -- County Subdivision and Place -- 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
External links
City-data.com
Illinois State Archives
vteMunicipalities and communities of White County, Illinois, United StatesCounty seat: CarmiCities
Carmi
Grayville‡
Map of Illinois highlighting White CountyVillages
Burnt Prairie
Crossville
Enfield
Maunie
Mill Shoals‡
Norris City
Phillipstown
Springerton
Townships
Burnt Prairie
Carmi
Emma
Enfield
Gray
Hawthorne
Heralds Prairie
Indian Creek
Mill Shoals
Phillips
Unincorporatedcommunities
Brownsville
Emma
Epworth
Herald
Rising Sun
Footnotes‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
Illinois portal
United States portal
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This White County, Illinois location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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|
[{"image_text":"Map of Illinois highlighting White County","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Map_of_Illinois_highlighting_White_County.svg/42px-Map_of_Illinois_highlighting_White_County.svg.png"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Population and Housing Unit Estimates\". Retrieved June 9, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html","url_text":"\"Population and Housing Unit Estimates\""}]},{"reference":"\"Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County -- County Subdivision and Place -- 2010 Census Summary File 1\". United States Census. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20200212201247/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY10/0500000US17193","url_text":"\"Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County -- County Subdivision and Place -- 2010 Census Summary File 1\""},{"url":"http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY10/0500000US17193","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Census of Population and Housing\". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html","url_text":"\"Census of Population and Housing\""}]}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Philipps,_1st_Baron_Milford
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Laurence Philipps, 1st Baron Milford
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["1 Public life","2 Horse racing","3 Family life","4 Arms","5 References","6 Sources"]
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This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Laurence Richard Philipps, 1st Baron Milford (24 January 1874 – 7 December 1962), was a British peer. He was a founder and chairman of the shipping company Court Line.
Philipps was the sixth son of Reverend Sir James Erasmus Philipps, 12th Baronet of Picton, and his wife, Mary Margaret (née Best). John Philipps, 1st Viscount St Davids, and Owen Philipps, 1st Baron Kylsant, were his elder brothers.
Public life
In Hampshire in 1910 he became a justice of the peace and for 1915 was high sheriff. In 1918, he became a Justice of the Peace for Radnorshire. Philipps was Governor of the University College of Wales and Founder of the Paraplegic Hospital in Wales.
He was created a Baronet, of Llanstephan in the County of Radnor, in 1919 and in 1939 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Milford, of Llanstephan in the County of Radnor. The barony was a revival of the two extinct baronies of Milford, created in 1776 and in 1847, held by earlier members of the Philipps family.
In 1919 he offered a prize of £1,000 for the British airman to fly the Atlantic, this was awarded to John Alcock following his Transatlatic Flight.
Horse racing
As a racehorse owner and stud owner, Philipps was a member of the Jockey Club, he also founded Tote Investors which was later acquired by the Horse Race Totalisator Board and then nationalised in 1939 as The Tote.
Family life
Lord Milford married Ethel Georgina, daughter of Reverend Benjamin Speke, in 1901. He died in December 1962, aged 88, and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son Wogan. Lady Milford died in 1971.
Arms
Coat of arms of Laurence Philipps, 1st Baron Milford
Crest
A lion as in the arms.
Escutcheon
Argent a lion rampant Sable ducally gorged and chained Or.
Supporters
On either side a horse Argent charged on the shoulder with three bars wavy Azure.
Motto
Ducit Amor Patriæ (Patriotism My Motive)
References
^ a b c d "Lord Milford". The Times. No. 55569. London. 8 December 1962. p. 10.
^ "Atlantic Airman Knighted". The Times. No. 42132. London. 21 June 1919. p. 7.
^ Debrett's Peerage. 2019. p. 3636.
Sources
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
"Philipps, Laurence Richard, 1st. Baron Milford and 1st baronet," Welsh Biography Online
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation
Baron Milford 1939–1962
Succeeded byWogan Philipps
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
New creation
Baronet(of Llanstephen) 1919–1962
Succeeded byWogan Philipps
|
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[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg/150px-Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg.png"},{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/St_Davids_Escutcheon.png/200px-St_Davids_Escutcheon.png"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Lord Milford\". The Times. No. 55569. London. 8 December 1962. p. 10.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Atlantic Airman Knighted\". The Times. No. 42132. London. 21 June 1919. p. 7.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Debrett's Peerage. 2019. p. 3636.","urls":[]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191024165310/http://leighrayment.com/","external_links_name":"Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages"},{"Link":"https://biography.wales/article/s2-PHIL-RIC-1874","external_links_name":"\"Philipps, Laurence Richard, 1st. Baron Milford and 1st baronet,\" Welsh Biography Online"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_College,_Teachers_College,_Columbia_University
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New College, Teachers College, Columbia University
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["1 History","2 Relationship with Teachers College","3 Curriculum","4 Persistent problems of living","4.1 Period of Foreign Study","4.2 Period of Industry","4.3 New College Community","5 Notable faculty","6 Notable alumni","7 References"]
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Coordinates: 40°48′37″N 73°57′37″W / 40.810293°N 73.960386°W / 40.810293; -73.960386Former undergraduate college at Columbia University
New College for the Education of Teachers, Teachers College, Columbia UniversityTeachers College, view down West 120th StreetTypePrivateEstablished1932PresidentDr. (Richard) Thomas Alexander, 1932-1938Dr. Donald Tewksbury, 1938-1939Academic staff124 (1932-1939)Students739 (1932-1939)LocationNew York City, New York, USACampusUrbanWebsitewww.tc.columbia.edu
New College for the Education of Teachers (or simply New College) was a progressive undergraduate college under the auspices of Teachers College, Columbia University that existed from 1932 to 1939. It does not represent the current institution that is Teachers College Columbia University.
The college was located in New York City. It used the same facilities as Teachers College at the Morningside Heights campus. The college also had learning communities established in North Carolina, Georgia, and abroad in foreign study groups. Using innovative ideas such as extended foreign study, community-based active research, and authentic assessment, a portfolio-based undergraduate learning curriculum was developed which rejected traditional summative grades or the accumulation of credits as the basis of degree completion. This was truly a "learn by doing" experience. The college was closed due to a combination of growing financial deficits and student activism in 1939.
History
New College was established in 1932 under the leadership of Dr. (Richard) Thomas Alexander (1887-1971). New College, as it became known, was originally designed to operate as an undergraduate college level unit granting a Bachelor of Science and/or a master's degree after a period of study from three to five years. It was to serve the dual purpose of preparing young people for teaching positions in elementary and secondary grades and of affording a demonstration college for graduate students in Teachers College. Students would ultimately become professors in colleges and universities with teacher training programs.
The nationally acclaimed New College would close within seven years under the pretext of financial hardship over the protestations of some of the country's leading academic, political, and social figures of the era. In reality, the school was closed because the students followed the ideals of the New College program which promoted participation in the creation of a “new social order” at the grassroots classroom level using the Concept of Community as a framework. Students were taught to solve the problems they encounter in society seeking solutions for the betterment of their students and community. Sometimes the solutions would put them at odds with powers that be, which preferred the status quo. The educational philosophies of New College, developed by Alexander, encouraged students to think critically, solve problems, and later, question the ruling hegemony and the status quo of the dominant social structure. The examination and analysis of the "Persistent Problems of Living", the "Concept of Community", and the creation of a "New Social Order" served as the philosophical springboard for action, steered by those social and economic conditions of the times.
Relationship with Teachers College
New College was an autonomous unit within Teachers College with its own advisory board, budget and faculty. If it was so advised, New College students could take classes at Teachers College if it fulfilled the objectives in their personal Long-Term View. New College students were young undergraduates, mostly teenagers, who were often at odds with the Teachers College students because of politics and youthful exuberance. Likewise, the Teachers College faculty was less than cooperative with New College with the exception of notable professors William Chandler Bagley, John Dewey, William Heard Kilpatrick, and George S. Counts. In the minds of some faculty members, if New College was the best way to educate teachers, according to Alexander, what did that say about the traditional curriculum?
Curriculum
Alexander knew that the curriculum pattern for New College would have to go beyond anything philosophically practiced before. It's not that there were no other experimental institutions in the nation; indeed, other educators with vision were taking advantage of the experimental nature of curriculum design offered by the social conditions of the time. Alexander Meiklejohn at the University of Wisconsin, Bard College and Bennington College, were also introducing innovative curricular elements of a sound liberal arts education.
In 1930, Alexander saw the need was to train educational leaders and not just classroom teachers. He laid out his curricular philosophy at the opening meeting of the convention of the New York State Association of Teachers College and Normal School Faculties, declaring that more emphasis should be given to the objectives of life and less upon the stereotyped processes of teaching, such as those embracing psychologically scientific methods. He told the audience, "In the last twenty years we have measured everything in the school system. We have scales for this and that, but we have ignored the real objectives of human society. Teachers give more heed to measuring what they teach than to educating the children." To his thinking, the inadequacy of training in the values of life was the greatest weakness in American teacher education. Alexander added, "Young teachers in training should be required to participate actively in some walks of life, and it would be extremely educative for them to pass a semester in a factory, on a farm, or in some industry. Their ability to appreciate and understand the problems of life would be immeasurably increased." Those problems would be the basis of an innovative curriculum at New College. Alexander called them the "Persistent Problems of Living". He already had a global perspective from his travels all through Europe before and after the war and he traveled extensively in the United States lecturing and visiting schools. Alexander had the revelation that regardless of culture, social standing, religion and nationality that every person, every human on earth faced the same problems, in varying degrees in his journey down life's path. Colloquially speaking, everyone puts their pants on one leg at a time.
These problems were developed in relationship to and revolving around four aspects of human existence: human relationships, natural sciences, the arts and aesthetics, and philosophy. The curriculum based on those persistent problems starts with Central Seminars in which the problems in these areas were generally analyzed and dissected. If the conversations found themselves heading off in two directions, Divisional Seminars were formed. The students met weekly as per schedule, or in private, and critically examined the coursework, the knowledge, and the skills necessary for the solution of the problem. The student also met frequently with their faculty adviser. Every hour in every day was considered to be part of the college learning experience. In order to expand the breadth and depth of the knowledge that comes with experience, as part of the New College program, Alexander created three required elements. The Period of Foreign Study, The Period of Industry, and the New College Community. Alexander felt that extensive travel and study overseas would broaden one's global viewpoint and increase appreciation for home. To appreciate the hard work of parents in a learning community, Alexander placed students in factories and stores to do the same work for a semester. The real jewel of the experiential learning process was the New College Community in North Carolina, where cooperative learning and critical thinking were developed out of necessity for survival.
Persistent problems of living
The persistent problems of living that form the basis of such commonality through relevancy with both student and teacher have been around for most of human history, are trans-generational, and affect everyone on the planet. They were articulated and defined as the guiding force behind the core curriculum of New College by Dr. Alexander and his first faculty in 1931, then revisited in 1935 by Alexander, Dr. Florence Stratemeyer and Dr. William Scott Gray in the Twenty-third Yearbook of the National Society of College Teachers of Education as the third principle in their work entitled Principles of Curriculum Construction for the Education of Teachers. Finally, they were again developed as a theme to a much greater degree than previously done by Dr. Stratemeyer resulting in the crowning achievement of her scholarship, the 1947 text, Developing a Curriculum for Modern Living, co-authored with Hamden L. Forkner and Margaret McKim. In this influential textbook, Stratemeyer states that students develop understandings from facing recurring situations of everyday living, events she called “Persistent Life Situations.”
The original problems, as first determined by Dr. Alexander and the New College curriculum planners in 1931 were:
Adjusting to and cooperating with other people.
Maintaining physical and mental health.
Achieving economic and political security.
Adjusting to and controlling the natural environment.
Interpreting and creating art and beauty.
Searching for guiding principles and ultimate values.
Acquiring and transmitting social heritage.
In order to develop an effective curriculum pattern for New College, Alexander knew that the nature of society and of the learner had to be considered as critical factors. For the curriculum to be effective learners of any age must see the relevancy of the instruction to themselves and that in some form or fashion; it will prove of some benefit or forestall some calamity. To be the most effective and to reach the widest student audience acceptance the curriculum content in any subject must be presented in terms that every person understands. The unspoken nod to another a complete stranger which confirms a mutual understanding would be an example. Once everyone has the same specific shared information and common knowledge of a problem, then a solution or understanding borne of the input of the collective might be found.
To Alexander, the Persistent Problems represented a logical way to integrate the curriculum with relevancy and individual meaning. The causal effect of this curriculum, then, was looking for solutions to the common problems everyone in the world could understand, since they were so basic. They would examine them in critical terms and using the good of the community as support, discuss choices and possible outcomes.
Period of Foreign Study
"Recognizing the importance of international problems provision will be made for bringing students of the college in contact with foreign countries by means of travel and study, or by means of exchange of students between this and foreign countries. It is contemplated that during this period of preparation for teaching each student shall spend at least one or two semesters, abroad. The expense for such study will not exceed the expense for a similar period of study in New York. Even if it is not possible for every student to study abroad, those students who are able to avail themselves of this opportunity will be granted this privilege. The chief objective of foreign study will be to acquaint the student intimately with the culture of the foreign people, so that in his teaching activity he will be able to interpret to American children the spirit of the people with whom he has lived."
This was printed in the November 1931 issue of The Elementary School Journal, in the educational news and editorial comment area. I wonder if the notion of foreign study would have entered Alexander's mind if he was not a language student. With the concentration of his degree work centering on the German educational movement, his need to travel overseas was obvious. The time overseas did something to Alexander that he did not count on. By comparison it gave him a greater appreciation for America. He had experienced other cultures, met other people and learned much more than if he just read about them in a book.
One of the most innovative aspects of the New College philosophy was the requirement for students to spend a substantial amount of time overseas in a foreign country. It was considered an essential factor in the curriculum for the study of the civilizations and cultures of foreign countries. Service coursework was done at home as well as abroad, where most everything had experiential value towards graduation. It was obvious to Alexander that the importance of international problems made it advisable to project the content areas of social problems into direct contact with European groups, specifically German. He reasoned that whether or not the student was preparing for a career in elementary, secondary or specialized work, direct contact with another civilization or country would lead to the appreciation of the psychology and modes of living of others, enabling them to be a more effective cultural interpreter to their future students.
Additionally, the development of an appreciation of another country through foreign study would help the student better understand his own civilization in the mirror of thought of another people. By having the opportunity to study the work of the schools and learn European methods and techniques he would achieve a good means of understanding American education methods and techniques by comparison. The development of fluency in another language was not the primary purpose. While direct contact would benefit a further linguistic capability it would also serve to extend studies in literature appreciation, art, human relations, and social and economic problems. It was reasoned that studying French literature would take on a new meaning if studied in France.
The main work of the eight-month stay, student studies overseas would revolve around the New College curriculum pattern of a Central Seminar. While in Europe this seminar would be organized around the study of the host country. The first two months would be spent working in a university of the host country to become oriented to life in the host country and acquainted with its people and culture. The student then would be in a better position to determine the nature of the problems to pursue in the remaining months. After that period, the student would spend three months in an intensive study of one or more aspects of the country in which they were living. This field study was under the direction of New College instructors and foreign staff. The remaining three months was spent back at the host country's university where the student would develop and compile the research collected, analyze it and study further.
Period of Industry
"In order to understand modern life and conditions, each student will spend one or more semesters participating in some form of industry. This work will be under the guidance of the social science division of the College and will supplement the field courses in social welfare, industry, commerce, and the like. This phase of study may represent a period of work in a factory or cotton mill, on a farm, in an office, in a department store, or in a building trade. Its purposes are to develop an effective and functional appreciation and understanding of the economic and social order as related to the problems of living and working together".
The Period of Industry was another major experience of the New College program with the intent of giving the prospective teacher the insight of what a working member of the community went through during the course of his life. By better understanding the work ethic of the people they encountered it was reasoned that the teacher could be a more effective leader in the community. The problems of wages, unemployment, capital, and labor in an industrial society take on new meanings through active participation in some industrial pursuit.
For instance, in consideration of the potentiality of industrial production for individual and social welfare (i.e. making buttons for garments), actual experience in a shop or factory gives a better understanding to the theories of supply and demand. The purpose of the Period of Industry was not to produce another industrial worker instead of a student, but rather through direct contact develop in that student an appreciation and understanding of the fabric of industrial organization, of the attitudes and psychology of the worker, and of the problems in the social and economic order.
The first operational year of New College did not have a Period of Industry because of the already record unemployment brought by the Great Depression. It was reasoned that it might be impossible to insist that students have an experience in industry under the circumstances. Other experiences included visits to cooperative stores, factories and farms. Contact with organized labor, organized capital, relief organizations, and welfare agencies were also encouraged as well as research into the problems of insurance, credits and taxation.
By the beginning of the 1934 school year, out of sheer economic necessity the period began as students obtained jobs. Nine students were holding full-time jobs at the start, most because they lacked the sufficient funds to continue their studies. Some of the advanced students obtained work in area private and public schools while others took employment wherever they could. Their only connection to the college was the weekly Industrial Seminar for the Working Group. They met each Wednesday evening and students came to report on industry as they were experiencing it firsthand. The seminars took a comprehensive look into the students work areas and its relation to current industrial conditions and their origins. In many cases, these discussions took a political tone and the general topic of social justice and labor relations overwhelmed specific concerns.
New College Community
The New College Community in North Carolina was the hidden jewel of the total student experience, because the importance placed on communal planning and living as part of the educative process for students had been an essential part of the New College curriculum plan from the beginning. Now here was a program in place where a balance between theory and practice could be achieved resulting in a state of informed action, or praxis as theorized years later by Paolo Freire. Alexander knew that teachers had to be prepared to participate actively in the communities in which they would work and assume educational leadership so the idea of a New College Camp, a microcosm of society where the Persistent Problems of Living, in the most basic sense, were presented to a group of students in a rural isolated setting who then had to work together and in turn learn from each other.
The initial purpose of the plan was to have all accepted students enroll with the understanding that they would spend three months, June to August, at the Camp so that their suitability to continue at New College could be determined. In many cases the new students were well out of their comfort zone, the majority being from the city. Activities in agriculture, ecology, history and customs of the area, and participation of the culture of the people of the area served to give the New College staff a new lens to judge the capabilities of future teachers. Though this was not possible for the first group of 1932 enrollees, the camp idea was kept to the forefront of planning.
The spring of 1933 found Alexander and Dean Russell together on a trip when they began to plan along the lines of setting up such a learning community. Their labors in planning the community were aided by two students, John Locke and William Taylor, who conceived of a bold plan while spending a March weekend at Camp Columbia. They presented Alexander with the idea to have a community also address the financial difficulties of attending New College in the height of the Great Depression. The student plan included a farm on which the “Resident Group” of students would live and work for an extended period of time in exchange for their education on a work/study basis. Students, the “Summer Group”, would spend the summer, prior to their start at New College in the Community for a period of student induction into communal living and as preparation in community development. Of course they would do so at regular tuition rates. The plan was well developed, complete in its outline, inventive and purposeful, and embraced New College principles.
Alexander wholeheartedly approved the plan and submitted the reworked version to the Trustees of Teachers College. The Trustees liked the idea in theory, but would not endorse a year-round farm project largely for the reason that school and college farms had almost always posed a financial liability, and that farms in general in the precarious economy of 1933 were a liability. Whether or not Alexander knew fully of the Trustees wishes on the matter, he pressed on with the idea of a year-round camp presence as called for in Locke and Taylor's plan.
In early April a location was selected in Haywood County, North Carolina. The place chosen, deep in the Appalachian Mountains in the western part of the state, was a farm of 1,800 acres near the town of Canton, about thirty-five miles southwest of Asheville. The area was owned by the Gwynn family, represented by T. Lenoire Gwynn of Waynesville. The farm was in the Pigeon River Valley on the edge of the Pisgah National Forest. Paved roads from Canton and Waynesville came to within 6 miles of the Community. The final stretch was a narrow gravel road along the Pigeon River. The site was determined by an old friend of Alexander's from his work with the Raleigh School District before his time at Columbia. Back then he had been working through North Carolina State Agricultural College in Raleigh with Dr. Bert W. Wells, who suggested the Canton site as biologically, geologically, and sociologically ideal for the purposes of New College.
The original New College Community had the use of three farm houses, one which was fairly modern, an older farm house, and a summer house a mile and a half up the valley from the other two. The “New House”, as it was called, had eight rooms and two baths with a large porch and a small screened back porch. One bath and three large bedrooms were upstairs, and the other bath was downstairs with two more bedrooms, a living room, dining room, and a kitchen. The older farm house referred to as the “Old House”, had three large rooms downstairs in addition to a dining room and kitchen. There was also a large porch that ran almost completely around the house. Two of the downstairs rooms were used for sleeping quarters and the third was a music and social room. Upstairs were two baths and four large bedrooms plus a very wide hall which would be used for several cots. The summer house was called “Lowe Cottage” and had six fair sized rooms, a screened in kitchen and two attic rooms. It had running water, an outhouse, and a shower house. An additional small shower house was constructed between the Old and New Houses. The property also came with a spring house with running water near the main houses, an old house which was prepared as a science laboratory, an old chicken house that students converted into an art studio, and a large barn near the main houses.
The first group of seven young men came to the community around April 20, 1933, with Mr. F. Oral Grounds. On May 23, a month later one more young man and six young women came to North Carolina to make up the Resident Group. That first group, other than Mr. Grounds, knew almost nothing of rural life other than the camping trips to Camp Columbia, but it was up to them to make the community habitable for the groups that were to follow.
These teenagers were truly fish out of water and yet by all accounts rose to the challenge admirably. They worked from sunup to sundown, digging ditches and laying new water pipes, cutting cords and cords of wood for their needs, preparing the soil and planting several acres of land with hand tools. They had to milk three cows, feed the hogs, and care for 24 laying hens and 400 baby chicks.
Notable faculty
Dr. (Richard) Thomas Alexander (1887-1971), NC Chairman, education theorist, comparative education pioneer, founder of New College
Dr. Winifred E. Bain (1889-1965), NC Education, taught kindergarten in Minnesota and Wisconsin for eleven years before graduating from the University of Chicago in 1924. A Rockefeller Foundation fellowship made it possible for her to study at Columbia University, where she received her Master's and Ph.D. degrees, and where she remained as an assistant professor, teaching at the experimental New College from 1932 until its closure in 1940. In 1935, her book Parents Look at Modern Education was awarded a best book of the year medal by Parents Magazine. The newly created Board of Trustees at Wheelock School chose Bain to succeed Lucy Wheelock as Principal in 1940. Under Bain's leadership, Wheelock School became Wheelock College in 1941 and was authorized to award a four-year Bachelor of Science in Education degree. Bain's new title became President of Wheelock College, a title she kept until her retirement in 1955. Bain served as the Editorial Board Chairman of the Association for Childhood Education (ACEI) from 1940-1947, as President of the ACEI from 1947-1949, and as Financial Consultant to ACEI from 1950 until her death in 1965. She was a trustee of Wheelock College, a member of the U.S. Commission for Early Childhood Education, and from 1950-1956 a member of the executive board of the American Association of University Women (AAUW).
Dr. Raymond M. Burrows (1906-1946), NC Music, Professor of Music Education, Columbia University
Dr. Wilbert L. Carr (1875-1974), NC Latin, Professor of Latin, first head of Teachers College Department of Teaching Foreign Languages, President of the American Classical League from 1931 to 1937
Dr. Miles A. Dresskill, (1896-1970), NC Music; in 1945, founded the first band department at Arizona State University
Dr. Walter E. Hager (1895-1990), NC Secretary 1938 to 1939, President of Wilson Teachers College 1941 to 1955, President of DC Teachers College 1955 to 1958
Dr. Otto Koischwitz (1902-1944), NC German, taught German at Columbia University and became a professor of German Literature at Hunter College, New York City. In the fall of 1939 Koischwitz was required by Hunter College to take leave of absence after putting anti-Semitic material into his lectures. He returned to Germany, resigning his position in January 1940. By the spring of 1940 Koischwitz was working as a program director in the U.S. A. Zone at the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft, German State Radio. He broadcast talks to the U.S. under the pseudonyms "Mister O. K." and "Doctor Anders". His propaganda was directed to college students and German-American listeners who might be susceptible to the Nazis. He spoke on literature, music, drama, philosophy and geopolitics, his broadcasts being anti-Semitic, anti-British, anti-Roosevelt and anti-communist in tone.
Dr. Lois Coffey Mossman (1877-1944), at Columbia, she and Frederick Gordon Bonser established the new field of "industrial arts" or "technology education"
Dr. Florence Stratemeyer (1900-1980), NC Education, founding figure in the field of teacher education and curriculum. The cornerstone of Stratemeyer's professional life was the preparation of principled teachers who act upon reasoned beliefs. Stratemeyer's influence in teacher education far exceeded that of anyone in the United States during her 41-year service as a faculty member in the Department of Curriculum and Teaching at Teachers College, Columbia University.
Dr. Peter Sammartino (1904-1992), NC French, founder of Fairleigh Dickinson University
Dr. Agnes Snyder (1885-1973), NC Education, faculty at Bank Street Schools and Mills Schools, 1941 to 1946. Chairman of the Department of Education at Adelphi College from 1948 to 1957. Snyder wrote Dauntless Women in Childhood Education, 1856-1931 published by the Association for Childhood Education International (First Edition - June 1972).
Dr. John Wilkinson Taylor (1906-2001), Unesco deputy director general, acting director general from 1952 to 1953. President of the University of Louisville from 1947 to 1950, he founded Neighborhood Colleges, including one for blacks, in branches of the Louisville public library. He also helped spur repeal of Kentucky's school segregation law.
Dr. Goodwin Watson (1899-1976), was part of Kilpatrick's "Social Frontier." During 1925-1942, Watson earned the reputation of being not only a thoughtful activist and innovator but also a scholar and researcher. After World War II, he became chief of the Analysis Division of the Foreign Broadcast Intelligence Service, but within two years was forced out of office as a "disloyal citizen" by what was then known as the Dies Committee. He had gone to the Soviet Union and to Nazi Germany and had reported on features of their systems, including educational, that he considered promising. He held a professorship at Newark State College until 1970. In 1963, Watson and James P. Dixon were founders of the Union of Experimenting Colleges, an outgrowth of which was the creation of the University Without Walls.
Notable alumni
Mercer Ellington, son of musician Duke Ellington
Ruth Ellington, sister of musician Duke Ellington
Nancy Frankel (Wechsler) (1916-2009), graduated at top of Columbia Law School Class of 1940, at a time when few women were admitted. Wechsler, a noted champion of civil liberties, was also a prominent copyright and intellectual property lawyer for seven decades. She won the John Ordronaux Prize, awarded annually for overall excellence and usually recognizes the student achieving the highest academic average in each graduating class.
Isabel Lewis, niece of author Sinclair Lewis
Sid Luckman (1916–1998), Hall of Fame NFL football player
References
^ a b c d Lucero, George W (2009). New College, Teachers College, Columbia University: A demonstration experimental teachers college (1932-1939) (Thesis). ProQuest 749399096.
^ A. R. Nelson, Education and Democracy: The Meaning of Alexander Meiklejohn, 1872–1964, (Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2001).
^ Goodwin Watson, “Utopia and Rebellion: the New College Experiment,” In M. Miles (ed.) Innovation in Education, (New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1964)
^ “Dr. Thomas Alexander sees Psychology as Useless Pseudo-science,” Teachers College Record. (32)3, (1930, December): 298.
^ “New College for the Education of Teachers, Educational Plan and Announcement 1934-1936. Teachers College Bulletin, (25)3New York, NY, 1934)
^ "Education of Teachers in New College,” . Teachers College Record. (38)1, (Teachers College, Columbia University, October, 1936).
^ Stratemeyer, F. B., Alexander, T., & Gray, W. (1935). Principles of Curriculum Construction for the Education of Teachers. Twenty-third Yearbook of the National Society of College Teachers of Education, 72-127.
^ Stratemeyer, F. B., Forkner, H. L., & McKim, M. M. (1947). Developing a Curriculum for Modern Living. New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University, Bureau of Publications.
^ a b Announcement of a New Type of Teacher-Training Institution” The Elementary School Journal (32)3 (November 1931):163
^ "New College for the Education of Teachers, 1937-1938” Teachers College Bulletin, (28)3 (New York, NY, January 1937): 33.
^ Education of Teachers in New College (Special issue)” Teachers College Record. (38)1, (1936, October): 27
^ Education of Teachers in New College (Special issue)” Teachers College Record. (38)1, (1936, October): 29.
^ Freire, Paulo. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Trans. M.B. Rames. New York, NY: Continuum.
^ Clarence Linton, “Observations of the New College Community.” (Unpublished raw data, 1933).
^ Education of Teachers in New College” . Teachers College Record. (38)1(1936): 1-73.
^ M. B. Post, An Historical Study of New College from 1932 to 1939 with emphasis upon the community as a factor in the preparation of teachers. (Unpublished master’s thesis) (University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 1967).
Authority control databases International
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Teachers College, Columbia University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teachers_College,_Columbia_University"},{"link_name":"North Carolina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-autogenerated1-1"}],"text":"Former undergraduate college at Columbia UniversityNew College for the Education of Teachers (or simply New College) was a progressive undergraduate college under the auspices of Teachers College, Columbia University that existed from 1932 to 1939. It does not represent the current institution that is Teachers College Columbia University.The college was located in New York City. It used the same facilities as Teachers College at the Morningside Heights campus. The college also had learning communities established in North Carolina, Georgia, and abroad in foreign study groups. Using innovative ideas such as extended foreign study, community-based active research, and authentic assessment, a portfolio-based undergraduate learning curriculum was developed which rejected traditional summative grades or the accumulation of credits as the basis of degree completion. This was truly a \"learn by doing\" experience. The college was closed due to a combination of growing financial deficits and student activism in 1939.[1]","title":"New College, Teachers College, Columbia University"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dr. (Richard) Thomas Alexander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thomas_Alexander"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-autogenerated1-1"}],"text":"New College was established in 1932 under the leadership of Dr. (Richard) Thomas Alexander (1887-1971). New College, as it became known, was originally designed to operate as an undergraduate college level unit granting a Bachelor of Science and/or a master's degree after a period of study from three to five years. It was to serve the dual purpose of preparing young people for teaching positions in elementary and secondary grades and of affording a demonstration college for graduate students in Teachers College. Students would ultimately become professors in colleges and universities with teacher training programs.The nationally acclaimed New College would close within seven years under the pretext of financial hardship over the protestations of some of the country's leading academic, political, and social figures of the era. In reality, the school was closed because the students followed the ideals of the New College program which promoted participation in the creation of a “new social order” at the grassroots classroom level using the Concept of Community as a framework. Students were taught to solve the problems they encounter in society seeking solutions for the betterment of their students and community. Sometimes the solutions would put them at odds with powers that be, which preferred the status quo. The educational philosophies of New College, developed by Alexander, encouraged students to think critically, solve problems, and later, question the ruling hegemony and the status quo of the dominant social structure. The examination and analysis of the \"Persistent Problems of Living\", the \"Concept of Community\", and the creation of a \"New Social Order\" served as the philosophical springboard for action, steered by those social and economic conditions of the times.[1]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Chandler Bagley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bagley_(educator)"},{"link_name":"John Dewey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dewey"},{"link_name":"William Heard Kilpatrick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Heard_Kilpatrick"},{"link_name":"George S. Counts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Counts"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-autogenerated1-1"}],"text":"New College was an autonomous unit within Teachers College with its own advisory board, budget and faculty. If it was so advised, New College students could take classes at Teachers College if it fulfilled the objectives in their personal Long-Term View. New College students were young undergraduates, mostly teenagers, who were often at odds with the Teachers College students because of politics and youthful exuberance. Likewise, the Teachers College faculty was less than cooperative with New College with the exception of notable professors William Chandler Bagley, John Dewey, William Heard Kilpatrick, and George S. Counts. In the minds of some faculty members, if New College was the best way to educate teachers, according to Alexander, what did that say about the traditional curriculum?[1]","title":"Relationship with Teachers College"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"University of Wisconsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin"},{"link_name":"Bard College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bard_College"},{"link_name":"Bennington College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennington_College"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-autogenerated1-1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Alexander knew that the curriculum pattern for New College would have to go beyond anything philosophically practiced before. It's not that there were no other experimental institutions in the nation; indeed, other educators with vision were taking advantage of the experimental nature of curriculum design offered by the social conditions of the time. Alexander Meiklejohn [2] at the University of Wisconsin, Bard College and Bennington College, were also introducing innovative curricular elements of a sound liberal arts education.[3] \nIn 1930, Alexander saw the need was to train educational leaders and not just classroom teachers. He laid out his curricular philosophy at the opening meeting of the convention of the New York State Association of Teachers College and Normal School Faculties, declaring that more emphasis should be given to the objectives of life and less upon the stereotyped processes of teaching, such as those embracing psychologically scientific methods. He told the audience, \"In the last twenty years we have measured everything in the school system. We have scales for this and that, but we have ignored the real objectives of human society. Teachers give more heed to measuring what they teach than to educating the children.\"[4] To his thinking, the inadequacy of training in the values of life was the greatest weakness in American teacher education. Alexander added, \"Young teachers in training should be required to participate actively in some walks of life, and it would be extremely educative for them to pass a semester in a factory, on a farm, or in some industry. Their [the students'] ability to appreciate and understand the problems of life would be immeasurably increased.\" Those problems would be the basis of an innovative curriculum at New College. Alexander called them the \"Persistent Problems of Living\". He already had a global perspective from his travels all through Europe before and after the war and he traveled extensively in the United States lecturing and visiting schools. Alexander had the revelation that regardless of culture, social standing, religion and nationality that every person, every human on earth faced the same problems, in varying degrees in his journey down life's path. Colloquially speaking, everyone puts their pants on one leg at a time.These problems were developed in relationship to and revolving around four aspects of human existence: human relationships, natural sciences, the arts and aesthetics, and philosophy.[5] The curriculum based on those persistent problems starts with Central Seminars in which the problems in these areas were generally analyzed and dissected. If the conversations found themselves heading off in two directions, Divisional Seminars were formed. The students met weekly as per schedule, or in private, and critically examined the coursework, the knowledge, and the skills necessary for the solution of the problem.[1] The student also met frequently with their faculty adviser. Every hour in every day was considered to be part of the college learning experience. In order to expand the breadth and depth of the knowledge that comes with experience, as part of the New College program, Alexander created three required elements. The Period of Foreign Study, The Period of Industry, and the New College Community. Alexander felt that extensive travel and study overseas would broaden one's global viewpoint and increase appreciation for home. To appreciate the hard work of parents in a learning community, Alexander placed students in factories and stores to do the same work for a semester. The real jewel of the experiential learning process was the New College Community in North Carolina, where cooperative learning and critical thinking were developed out of necessity for survival.[6]","title":"Curriculum"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"The persistent problems of living that form the basis of such commonality through relevancy with both student and teacher have been around for most of human history, are trans-generational, and affect everyone on the planet. They were articulated and defined as the guiding force behind the core curriculum of New College by Dr. Alexander and his first faculty in 1931, then revisited in 1935 by Alexander, Dr. Florence Stratemeyer and Dr. William Scott Gray in the Twenty-third Yearbook of the National Society of College Teachers of Education as the third principle in their work entitled Principles of Curriculum Construction for the Education of Teachers.[7] Finally, they were again developed as a theme to a much greater degree than previously done by Dr. Stratemeyer resulting in the crowning achievement of her scholarship, the 1947 text, Developing a Curriculum for Modern Living, co-authored with Hamden L. Forkner and Margaret McKim.[8] In this influential textbook, Stratemeyer states that students develop understandings from facing recurring situations of everyday living, events she called “Persistent Life Situations.”The original problems, as first determined by Dr. Alexander and the New College curriculum planners in 1931 were:Adjusting to and cooperating with other people.\nMaintaining physical and mental health.\nAchieving economic and political security.\nAdjusting to and controlling the natural environment.\nInterpreting and creating art and beauty.\nSearching for guiding principles and ultimate values.\nAcquiring and transmitting social heritage.In order to develop an effective curriculum pattern for New College, Alexander knew that the nature of society and of the learner had to be considered as critical factors. For the curriculum to be effective learners of any age must see the relevancy of the instruction to themselves and that in some form or fashion; it will prove of some benefit or forestall some calamity. To be the most effective and to reach the widest student audience acceptance the curriculum content in any subject must be presented in terms that every person understands. The unspoken nod to another a complete stranger which confirms a mutual understanding would be an example. Once everyone has the same specific shared information and common knowledge of a problem, then a solution or understanding borne of the input of the collective might be found. \nTo Alexander, the Persistent Problems represented a logical way to integrate the curriculum with relevancy and individual meaning. The causal effect of this curriculum, then, was looking for solutions to the common problems everyone in the world could understand, since they were so basic. They would examine them in critical terms and using the good of the community as support, discuss choices and possible outcomes.","title":"Persistent problems of living"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-The_Elementary_School_Journal_1931-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"sub_title":"Period of Foreign Study","text":"\"Recognizing the importance of international problems provision will be made for bringing students of the college in contact with foreign countries by means of travel and study, or by means of exchange of students between this and foreign countries. It is contemplated that during this period of preparation for teaching each student shall spend at least one or two semesters, abroad. The expense for such study will not exceed the expense for a similar period of study in New York. Even if it is not possible for every student to study abroad, those students who are able to avail themselves of this opportunity will be granted this privilege. The chief objective of foreign study will be to acquaint the student intimately with the culture of the foreign people, so that in his teaching activity he will be able to interpret to American children the spirit of the people with whom he has lived.\"[9]This was printed in the November 1931 issue of The Elementary School Journal, in the educational news and editorial comment area. I wonder if the notion of foreign study would have entered Alexander's mind if he was not a language student. With the concentration of his degree work centering on the German educational movement, his need to travel overseas was obvious. The time overseas did something to Alexander that he did not count on. By comparison it gave him a greater appreciation for America. He had experienced other cultures, met other people and learned much more than if he just read about them in a book.One of the most innovative aspects of the New College philosophy was the requirement for students to spend a substantial amount of time overseas in a foreign country. It was considered an essential factor in the curriculum for the study of the civilizations and cultures of foreign countries. Service coursework was done at home as well as abroad, where most everything had experiential value towards graduation. It was obvious to Alexander that the importance of international problems made it advisable to project the content areas of social problems into direct contact with European groups, specifically German. He reasoned that whether or not the student was preparing for a career in elementary, secondary or specialized work, direct contact with another civilization or country would lead to the appreciation of the psychology and modes of living of others, enabling them to be a more effective cultural interpreter to their future students.Additionally, the development of an appreciation of another country through foreign study would help the student better understand his own civilization in the mirror of thought of another people. By having the opportunity to study the work of the schools and learn European methods and techniques he would achieve a good means of understanding American education methods and techniques by comparison. The development of fluency in another language was not the primary purpose. While direct contact would benefit a further linguistic capability it would also serve to extend studies in literature appreciation, art, human relations, and social and economic problems. It was reasoned that studying French literature would take on a new meaning if studied in France.The main work of the eight-month stay, student studies overseas would revolve around the New College curriculum pattern of a Central Seminar. While in Europe this seminar would be organized around the study of the host country. The first two months would be spent working in a university of the host country to become oriented to life in the host country and acquainted with its people and culture. The student then would be in a better position to determine the nature of the problems to pursue in the remaining months. After that period, the student would spend three months in an intensive study of one or more aspects of the country in which they were living. This field study was under the direction of New College instructors and foreign staff. The remaining three months was spent back at the host country's university where the student would develop and compile the research collected, analyze it and study further.[10]","title":"Persistent problems of living"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-The_Elementary_School_Journal_1931-9"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"sub_title":"Period of Industry","text":"\"In order to understand modern life and conditions, each student will spend one or more semesters participating in some form of industry. This work will be under the guidance of the social science division of the College and will supplement the field courses in social welfare, industry, commerce, and the like. This phase of study may represent a period of work in a factory or cotton mill, on a farm, in an office, in a department store, or in a building trade. Its purposes are to develop an effective and functional appreciation and understanding of the economic and social order as related to the problems of living and working together\".[9]The Period of Industry was another major experience of the New College program with the intent of giving the prospective teacher the insight of what a working member of the community went through during the course of his life. By better understanding the work ethic of the people they encountered it was reasoned that the teacher could be a more effective leader in the community. The problems of wages, unemployment, capital, and labor in an industrial society take on new meanings through active participation in some industrial pursuit. \nFor instance, in consideration of the potentiality of industrial production for individual and social welfare (i.e. making buttons for garments), actual experience in a shop or factory gives a better understanding to the theories of supply and demand. The purpose of the Period of Industry was not to produce another industrial worker instead of a student, but rather through direct contact develop in that student an appreciation and understanding of the fabric of industrial organization, of the attitudes and psychology of the worker, and of the problems in the social and economic order.[11]The first operational year of New College did not have a Period of Industry because of the already record unemployment brought by the Great Depression. It was reasoned that it might be impossible to insist that students have an experience in industry under the circumstances. Other experiences included visits to cooperative stores, factories and farms. Contact with organized labor, organized capital, relief organizations, and welfare agencies were also encouraged as well as research into the problems of insurance, credits and taxation.By the beginning of the 1934 school year, out of sheer economic necessity the period began as students obtained jobs. Nine students were holding full-time jobs at the start, most because they lacked the sufficient funds to continue their studies. Some of the advanced students obtained work in area private and public schools while others took employment wherever they could. Their only connection to the college was the weekly Industrial Seminar for the Working Group. They met each Wednesday evening and students came to report on industry as they were experiencing it firsthand. The seminars took a comprehensive look into the students work areas and its relation to current industrial conditions and their origins. In many cases, these discussions took a political tone and the general topic of social justice and labor relations overwhelmed specific concerns.[12]","title":"Persistent problems of living"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"North Carolina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"Paolo Freire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolo_Freire"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Alexander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thomas_Alexander"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Teachers College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teachers_College,_Columbia_University"},{"link_name":"Haywood County, North Carolina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haywood_County,_North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"Appalachian Mountains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains"},{"link_name":"Canton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton,_North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"Asheville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"Pigeon River Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon_River_(Tennessee_%E2%80%93_North_Carolina)"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"sub_title":"New College Community","text":"The New College Community in North Carolina was the hidden jewel of the total student experience, because the importance placed on communal planning and living as part of the educative process for students had been an essential part of the New College curriculum plan from the beginning. Now here was a program in place where a balance between theory and practice could be achieved resulting in a state of informed action, or praxis as theorized years later by Paolo Freire.[13] Alexander knew that teachers had to be prepared to participate actively in the communities in which they would work and assume educational leadership so the idea of a New College Camp, a microcosm of society where the Persistent Problems of Living, in the most basic sense, were presented to a group of students in a rural isolated setting who then had to work together and in turn learn from each other.The initial purpose of the plan was to have all accepted students enroll with the understanding that they would spend three months, June to August, at the Camp so that their suitability to continue at New College could be determined. In many cases the new students were well out of their comfort zone, the majority being from the city. Activities in agriculture, ecology, history and customs of the area, and participation of the culture of the people of the area served to give the New College staff a new lens to judge the capabilities of future teachers. Though this was not possible for the first group of 1932 enrollees, the camp idea was kept to the forefront of planning.[14]The spring of 1933 found Alexander and Dean Russell together on a trip when they began to plan along the lines of setting up such a learning community. Their labors in planning the community were aided by two students, John Locke and William Taylor, who conceived of a bold plan while spending a March weekend at Camp Columbia. They presented Alexander with the idea to have a community also address the financial difficulties of attending New College in the height of the Great Depression.[15] The student plan included a farm on which the “Resident Group” of students would live and work for an extended period of time in exchange for their education on a work/study basis. Students, the “Summer Group”, would spend the summer, prior to their start at New College in the Community for a period of student induction into communal living and as preparation in community development. Of course they would do so at regular tuition rates. The plan was well developed, complete in its outline, inventive and purposeful, and embraced New College principles.Alexander wholeheartedly approved the plan and submitted the reworked version to the Trustees of Teachers College. The Trustees liked the idea in theory, but would not endorse a year-round farm project largely for the reason that school and college farms had almost always posed a financial liability, and that farms in general in the precarious economy of 1933 were a liability. Whether or not Alexander knew fully of the Trustees wishes on the matter, he pressed on with the idea of a year-round camp presence as called for in Locke and Taylor's plan.In early April a location was selected in Haywood County, North Carolina. The place chosen, deep in the Appalachian Mountains in the western part of the state, was a farm of 1,800 acres near the town of Canton, about thirty-five miles southwest of Asheville. The area was owned by the Gwynn family, represented by T. Lenoire Gwynn of Waynesville. The farm was in the Pigeon River Valley on the edge of the Pisgah National Forest. Paved roads from Canton and Waynesville came to within 6 miles of the Community. The final stretch was a narrow gravel road along the Pigeon River. The site was determined by an old friend of Alexander's from his work with the Raleigh School District before his time at Columbia. Back then he had been working through North Carolina State Agricultural College in Raleigh with Dr. Bert W. Wells, who suggested the Canton site as biologically, geologically, and sociologically ideal for the purposes of New College.[16]The original New College Community had the use of three farm houses, one which was fairly modern, an older farm house, and a summer house a mile and a half up the valley from the other two. The “New House”, as it was called, had eight rooms and two baths with a large porch and a small screened back porch. One bath and three large bedrooms were upstairs, and the other bath was downstairs with two more bedrooms, a living room, dining room, and a kitchen. The older farm house referred to as the “Old House”, had three large rooms downstairs in addition to a dining room and kitchen. There was also a large porch that ran almost completely around the house. Two of the downstairs rooms were used for sleeping quarters and the third was a music and social room. Upstairs were two baths and four large bedrooms plus a very wide hall which would be used for several cots. The summer house was called “Lowe Cottage” and had six fair sized rooms, a screened in kitchen and two attic rooms. It had running water, an outhouse, and a shower house. An additional small shower house was constructed between the Old and New Houses. The property also came with a spring house with running water near the main houses, an old house which was prepared as a science laboratory, an old chicken house that students converted into an art studio, and a large barn near the main houses.The first group of seven young men came to the community around April 20, 1933, with Mr. F. Oral Grounds. On May 23, a month later one more young man and six young women came to North Carolina to make up the Resident Group. That first group, other than Mr. Grounds, knew almost nothing of rural life other than the camping trips to Camp Columbia, but it was up to them to make the community habitable for the groups that were to follow.These teenagers were truly fish out of water and yet by all accounts rose to the challenge admirably. They worked from sunup to sundown, digging ditches and laying new water pipes, cutting cords and cords of wood for their needs, preparing the soil and planting several acres of land with hand tools. They had to milk three cows, feed the hogs, and care for 24 laying hens and 400 baby chicks.","title":"Persistent problems of living"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"(Richard) Thomas Alexander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thomas_Alexander"},{"link_name":"Winifred E. Bain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winifred_E._Bain&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"University of Chicago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Chicago"},{"link_name":"Rockefeller Foundation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation"},{"link_name":"Wheelock College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelock_College"},{"link_name":"Association for Childhood Education","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_for_Childhood_Education&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Wheelock College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelock_College"},{"link_name":"American Association of University Women","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women"},{"link_name":"Arizona State University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_State_University"},{"link_name":"Wilson Teachers College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson_Teachers_College"},{"link_name":"DC Teachers College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DC_Teachers_College&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Otto Koischwitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Otto_Koischwitz"},{"link_name":"Hunter College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_College"},{"link_name":"Frederick Gordon Bonser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Gordon_Bonser&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Florence Stratemeyer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Florence_Stratemeyer&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Peter Sammartino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Sammartino&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Fairleigh Dickinson University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairleigh_Dickinson_University"},{"link_name":"Adelphi College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelphi_College"},{"link_name":"John Wilkinson Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wilkinson_Taylor_(educator)"},{"link_name":"Unesco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unesco"},{"link_name":"University of Louisville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Louisville"},{"link_name":"University Without Walls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_Without_Walls"}],"text":"Dr. (Richard) Thomas Alexander (1887-1971), NC Chairman, education theorist, comparative education pioneer, founder of New College\nDr. Winifred E. Bain (1889-1965), NC Education, taught kindergarten in Minnesota and Wisconsin for eleven years before graduating from the University of Chicago in 1924. A Rockefeller Foundation fellowship made it possible for her to study at Columbia University, where she received her Master's and Ph.D. degrees, and where she remained as an assistant professor, teaching at the experimental New College from 1932 until its closure in 1940. In 1935, her book Parents Look at Modern Education was awarded a best book of the year medal by Parents Magazine. The newly created Board of Trustees at Wheelock School chose Bain to succeed Lucy Wheelock as Principal in 1940. Under Bain's leadership, Wheelock School became Wheelock College in 1941 and was authorized to award a four-year Bachelor of Science in Education degree. Bain's new title became President of Wheelock College, a title she kept until her retirement in 1955. Bain served as the Editorial Board Chairman of the Association for Childhood Education (ACEI) from 1940-1947, as President of the ACEI from 1947-1949, and as Financial Consultant to ACEI from 1950 until her death in 1965. She was a trustee of Wheelock College, a member of the U.S. Commission for Early Childhood Education, and from 1950-1956 a member of the executive board of the American Association of University Women (AAUW).\nDr. Raymond M. Burrows (1906-1946), NC Music, Professor of Music Education, Columbia University\nDr. Wilbert L. Carr (1875-1974), NC Latin, Professor of Latin, first head of Teachers College Department of Teaching Foreign Languages, President of the American Classical League from 1931 to 1937\nDr. Miles A. Dresskill, (1896-1970), NC Music; in 1945, founded the first band department at Arizona State University\nDr. Walter E. Hager (1895-1990), NC Secretary 1938 to 1939, President of Wilson Teachers College 1941 to 1955, President of DC Teachers College 1955 to 1958\nDr. Otto Koischwitz (1902-1944), NC German, taught German at Columbia University and became a professor of German Literature at Hunter College, New York City. In the fall of 1939 Koischwitz was required by Hunter College to take leave of absence after putting anti-Semitic material into his lectures. He returned to Germany, resigning his position in January 1940. By the spring of 1940 Koischwitz was working as a program director in the U.S. A. Zone at the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft, German State Radio. He broadcast talks to the U.S. under the pseudonyms \"Mister O. K.\" and \"Doctor Anders\". His propaganda was directed to college students and German-American listeners who might be susceptible to the Nazis. He spoke on literature, music, drama, philosophy and geopolitics, his broadcasts being anti-Semitic, anti-British, anti-Roosevelt and anti-communist in tone.\nDr. Lois Coffey Mossman (1877-1944), at Columbia, she and Frederick Gordon Bonser established the new field of \"industrial arts\" or \"technology education\"\nDr. Florence Stratemeyer (1900-1980), NC Education, founding figure in the field of teacher education and curriculum. The cornerstone of Stratemeyer's professional life was the preparation of principled teachers who act upon reasoned beliefs. Stratemeyer's influence in teacher education far exceeded that of anyone in the United States during her 41-year service as a faculty member in the Department of Curriculum and Teaching at Teachers College, Columbia University.\nDr. Peter Sammartino (1904-1992), NC French, founder of Fairleigh Dickinson University\nDr. Agnes Snyder (1885-1973), NC Education, faculty at Bank Street Schools and Mills Schools, 1941 to 1946. Chairman of the Department of Education at Adelphi College from 1948 to 1957. Snyder wrote Dauntless Women in Childhood Education, 1856-1931 published by the Association for Childhood Education International (First Edition - June 1972).\nDr. John Wilkinson Taylor (1906-2001), Unesco deputy director general, acting director general from 1952 to 1953. President of the University of Louisville from 1947 to 1950, he founded Neighborhood Colleges, including one for blacks, in branches of the Louisville public library. He also helped spur repeal of Kentucky's school segregation law.\nDr. Goodwin Watson (1899-1976), was part of Kilpatrick's \"Social Frontier.\" During 1925-1942, Watson earned the reputation of being not only a thoughtful activist and innovator but also a scholar and researcher. After World War II, he became chief of the Analysis Division of the Foreign Broadcast Intelligence Service, but within two years was forced out of office as a \"disloyal citizen\" by what was then known as the Dies Committee. He had gone to the Soviet Union and to Nazi Germany and had reported on features of their systems, including educational, that he considered promising. He held a professorship at Newark State College until 1970. In 1963, Watson and James P. Dixon were founders of the Union of Experimenting Colleges, an outgrowth of which was the creation of the University Without Walls.","title":"Notable faculty"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mercer Ellington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercer_Ellington"},{"link_name":"Ruth Ellington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruth_Ellington&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Nancy Frankel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Frankel"},{"link_name":"Isabel Lewis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Lewis"},{"link_name":"Sid Luckman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_Luckman"}],"text":"Mercer Ellington, son of musician Duke Ellington\nRuth Ellington, sister of musician Duke Ellington\nNancy Frankel (Wechsler) (1916-2009), graduated at top of Columbia Law School Class of 1940, at a time when few women were admitted. Wechsler, a noted champion of civil liberties, was also a prominent copyright and intellectual property lawyer for seven decades. She won the John Ordronaux Prize, awarded annually for overall excellence and usually recognizes the student achieving the highest academic average in each graduating class.\nIsabel Lewis, niece of author Sinclair Lewis\nSid Luckman (1916–1998), Hall of Fame NFL football player","title":"Notable alumni"}]
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[{"reference":"Lucero, George W (2009). New College, Teachers College, Columbia University: A demonstration experimental teachers college (1932-1939) (Thesis). ProQuest 749399096.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)","url_text":"ProQuest"},{"url":"https://search.proquest.com/docview/749399096","url_text":"749399096"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Township,_Marion_County,_Indiana
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Warren Township, Marion County, Indiana
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["1 Geography","1.1 Municipalities","1.2 Communities","2 References","3 External links"]
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Coordinates: 39°46′30″N 86°01′02″W / 39.77500°N 86.01722°W / 39.77500; -86.01722
Township in Indiana, United StatesWarren Township Marion CountyTownshipIndianapolis Public Library Warren BranchCoordinates: 39°46′30″N 86°01′02″W / 39.77500°N 86.01722°W / 39.77500; -86.01722CountryUnited StatesStateIndianaCountyMarionNamed forJoseph WarrenGovernment • TypeIndiana townshipArea • Total48.44 sq mi (125.45 km2) • Land48.34 sq mi (125.2 km2) • Water0.1 sq mi (0.25 km2)Elevation860 ft (262 m)Population (2010) • Total99,433 • Density2,100/sq mi (790/km2)FIPS code18-80144GNIS feature ID453976
Warren Township is one of nine townships in Marion County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 99,433. Warren Township was named for Joseph Warren.
Warren Central High School, Creston Middle School, and Raymond Park Middle School are located within the township.
Geography
Municipalities
Beech Grove (small portion)
Cumberland (west half)
Indianapolis (partial)
Warren Park
Communities
Eastgate
Irvington
References
^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Warren township, Marion County, Indiana". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ Bodenhamer, David J.; Barrows, Robert G. (November 22, 1994). The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indiana University Press. p. 1411. ISBN 0-253-11249-4.
External links
Media related to Warren Township, Marion County, Indiana at Wikimedia Commons
Indiana Township Association page for Marion County
United Township Association of Indiana
vteMunicipalities and communities of Marion County, Indiana, United StatesCounty seat: IndianapolisExcluded cities (Unigov)
Beech Grove
Indianapolis (balance)
Lawrence
Southport
Excluded town (Unigov)
Speedway
Townships
Center
Decatur
Franklin
Lawrence
Perry
Pike
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Included towns (Unigov)
Clermont
Crows Nest
Cumberland‡
Homecroft
Meridian Hills
North Crows Nest
Rocky Ripple
Spring Hill
Warren Park
Williams Creek
Wynnedale
Footnotes‡ Part of Cumberland is in Hancock County. Only the portion in Marion County is subject to Unigov as an included town.
Indiana portal
United States portal
This Marion County, Indiana location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"townships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Township_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Marion County, Indiana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_County,_Indiana"},{"link_name":"2010 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_United_States_Census"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Census_2010-3"},{"link_name":"Joseph Warren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Warren"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Warren Central High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Central_High_School_(Indiana)"},{"link_name":"Creston Middle School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creston_Middle_School"},{"link_name":"Raymond Park Middle School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Park_Middle_School"}],"text":"Township in Indiana, United StatesWarren Township is one of nine townships in Marion County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 99,433.[3] Warren Township was named for Joseph Warren.[4]Warren Central High School, Creston Middle School, and Raymond Park Middle School are located within the township.","title":"Warren Township, Marion County, Indiana"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Beech Grove","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beech_Grove,_Indiana"},{"link_name":"Cumberland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland,_Indiana"},{"link_name":"Indianapolis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis"},{"link_name":"Warren Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Park,_Indiana"}],"sub_title":"Municipalities","text":"Beech Grove (small portion)\nCumberland (west half)\nIndianapolis (partial)\nWarren Park","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Eastgate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastgate,_Indianapolis"},{"link_name":"Irvington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvington_Historic_District_(Indianapolis)"}],"sub_title":"Communities","text":"Eastgate\nIrvington","title":"Geography"}]
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[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Map_of_Indiana_highlighting_Marion_County.svg/49px-Map_of_Indiana_highlighting_Marion_County.svg.png"}]
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[{"reference":"\"US Board on Geographic Names\". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://geonames.usgs.gov/","url_text":"\"US Board on Geographic Names\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey","url_text":"United States Geological Survey"}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Warren township, Marion County, Indiana\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 13, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Warren township, Marion County, Indiana\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"Bodenhamer, David J.; Barrows, Robert G. (November 22, 1994). The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indiana University Press. p. 1411. ISBN 0-253-11249-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=bg13QcMSsq8C&pg=PA1411","url_text":"The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-11249-4","url_text":"0-253-11249-4"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Warren_Township,_Marion_County,_Indiana¶ms=39_46_30_N_86_01_02_W_region:US-IN_type:city(99433)","external_links_name":"39°46′30″N 86°01′02″W / 39.77500°N 86.01722°W / 39.77500; -86.01722"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Warren_Township,_Marion_County,_Indiana¶ms=39_46_30_N_86_01_02_W_region:US-IN_type:city(99433)","external_links_name":"39°46′30″N 86°01′02″W / 39.77500°N 86.01722°W / 39.77500; -86.01722"},{"Link":"https://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:453976","external_links_name":"453976"},{"Link":"https://geonames.usgs.gov/","external_links_name":"\"US Board on Geographic Names\""},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/","external_links_name":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"Link":"https://www.census.gov/","external_links_name":"\"Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Warren township, Marion County, Indiana\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=bg13QcMSsq8C&pg=PA1411","external_links_name":"The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis"},{"Link":"http://indianatownshipassoc.org/component/option,com_mtree/task,viewlink/link_id,566/Itemid,37/","external_links_name":"Indiana Township Association page for Marion County"},{"Link":"http://unitedtownships.org/","external_links_name":"United Township Association of Indiana"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warren_Township,_Marion_County,_Indiana&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairmount_Mausoleum_(Denver,_Colorado)
|
Fairmount Mausoleum (Denver, Colorado)
|
["1 Notable interments","2 References","3 External links"]
|
Coordinates: 39°42′19″N 104°53′36″W / 39.70528°N 104.89327°W / 39.70528; -104.89327Fairmount MausoleumThe Fairmount Mausoleum at Fairmount CemeteryDetailsLocationDenver, ColoradoCoordinates39°42′19″N 104°53′36″W / 39.70528°N 104.89327°W / 39.70528; -104.89327WebsiteFairmount CemeteryFind a GraveFairmount Mausoleum
Fairmount Mausoleum is a public mausoleum at Fairmount Cemetery in Denver, Colorado. The building was designed by architects Frederick E. Mountjoy and Francis W. Frewan. Constructed in 1929 and opened in 1930, the Fairmount Mausoleum contains the remains of more than 17,000 people and houses one of the largest stained glass collections in the state of Colorado.
In 2005, the Fairmount Mausoleum was listed as an official historic landmark by the City of Denver.
Notable interments
Charles Boettcher (1852–1948) businessman and philanthropist
Frederick Gilmer Bonfils (1860–1933) co-founder of The Denver Post
Helen Bonfils (1889–1972) businesswoman and philanthropist
Charles Gates, Sr. (1877–1961) founder of Gates Rubber Company
Edwin C. Johnson (1884–1970) Colorado Governor and U.S. Senator
William Lee Knous (1889–1959) Colorado Governor
Donald Meek (1878–1946) popular character actor
Eugene Donald Millikin (1891–1958) U.S. Senator
Frederick E. Mountjoy (1870–1941) architect, co-designer of the Fairmount Mausoleum
Lawrence Cowle Phipps (1862–1958) U.S. Senator
Florence Rena Sabin (1871–1953) American medical scientist
Karl Cortlandt Schuyler (1877–1933) U.S. Senator
George Somnes (1887–1956) theatre and film director and producer, husband of Helen Bonfils
References
^ "Colorado Architects Biographical Sketch". Colorado Historical Society. 2001-06-08. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
^ a b "Fairmount Cemetery". Fairmount Cemetery, Denver. Retrieved 2010-10-28.
External links
Fairmount Heritage Foundation
Fairmount Mausoleum at Find a Grave
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"mausoleum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum"},{"link_name":"Fairmount Cemetery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairmount_Cemetery_(Denver,_Colorado)"},{"link_name":"Denver, Colorado","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver,_Colorado"},{"link_name":"Frederick E. Mountjoy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_E._Mountjoy&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Francis W. Frewan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_W._Frewan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"stained glass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stained_glass"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-off-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-off-2"}],"text":"Fairmount Mausoleum is a public mausoleum at Fairmount Cemetery in Denver, Colorado. The building was designed by architects Frederick E. Mountjoy and Francis W. Frewan.[1] Constructed in 1929 and opened in 1930, the Fairmount Mausoleum contains the remains of more than 17,000 people and houses one of the largest stained glass collections in the state of Colorado.[2]In 2005, the Fairmount Mausoleum was listed as an official historic landmark by the City of Denver.[2]","title":"Fairmount Mausoleum (Denver, Colorado)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Charles Boettcher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Boettcher"},{"link_name":"Frederick Gilmer Bonfils","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Gilmer_Bonfils"},{"link_name":"The Denver Post","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Denver_Post"},{"link_name":"Helen Bonfils","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Bonfils"},{"link_name":"Charles Gates, Sr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Gates,_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Gates Rubber Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gates_Rubber_Company"},{"link_name":"Edwin C. Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_C._Johnson"},{"link_name":"Colorado Governor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Colorado"},{"link_name":"U.S. Senator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Colorado"},{"link_name":"William Lee Knous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lee_Knous"},{"link_name":"Donald Meek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Meek"},{"link_name":"Eugene Donald Millikin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Donald_Millikin"},{"link_name":"Lawrence Cowle Phipps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Cowle_Phipps"},{"link_name":"Florence Rena Sabin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Rena_Sabin"},{"link_name":"Karl Cortlandt Schuyler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Cortlandt_Schuyler"},{"link_name":"George Somnes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Somnes"}],"text":"Charles Boettcher (1852–1948) businessman and philanthropist\nFrederick Gilmer Bonfils (1860–1933) co-founder of The Denver Post\nHelen Bonfils (1889–1972) businesswoman and philanthropist\nCharles Gates, Sr. (1877–1961) founder of Gates Rubber Company\nEdwin C. Johnson (1884–1970) Colorado Governor and U.S. Senator\nWilliam Lee Knous (1889–1959) Colorado Governor\nDonald Meek (1878–1946) popular character actor\nEugene Donald Millikin (1891–1958) U.S. Senator\nFrederick E. Mountjoy (1870–1941) architect, co-designer of the Fairmount Mausoleum\nLawrence Cowle Phipps (1862–1958) U.S. Senator\nFlorence Rena Sabin (1871–1953) American medical scientist\nKarl Cortlandt Schuyler (1877–1933) U.S. Senator\nGeorge Somnes (1887–1956) theatre and film director and producer, husband of Helen Bonfils","title":"Notable interments"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Colorado Architects Biographical Sketch\". Colorado Historical Society. 2001-06-08. Retrieved 2010-10-29.","urls":[{"url":"http://coloradohistory-oahp.org/guides/mountjoy.pdf=","url_text":"\"Colorado Architects Biographical Sketch\""}]},{"reference":"\"Fairmount Cemetery\". Fairmount Cemetery, Denver. Retrieved 2010-10-28.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fairmount-cemetery.com/","url_text":"\"Fairmount Cemetery\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fairmount_Mausoleum_(Denver,_Colorado)¶ms=39.70528_N_104.89327_W_type:landmark_region:US-CO","external_links_name":"39°42′19″N 104°53′36″W / 39.70528°N 104.89327°W / 39.70528; -104.89327"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fairmount_Mausoleum_(Denver,_Colorado)¶ms=39.70528_N_104.89327_W_type:landmark_region:US-CO","external_links_name":"39°42′19″N 104°53′36″W / 39.70528°N 104.89327°W / 39.70528; -104.89327"},{"Link":"http://www.fairmount-cemetery.com/","external_links_name":"Fairmount Cemetery"},{"Link":"https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/57267","external_links_name":"Fairmount Mausoleum"},{"Link":"http://coloradohistory-oahp.org/guides/mountjoy.pdf=","external_links_name":"\"Colorado Architects Biographical Sketch\""},{"Link":"http://www.fairmount-cemetery.com/","external_links_name":"\"Fairmount Cemetery\""},{"Link":"http://fairmountheritagefoundation.org/","external_links_name":"Fairmount Heritage Foundation"},{"Link":"https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/57267","external_links_name":"Fairmount Mausoleum"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinney_County,_Texas
|
Kinney County, Texas
|
["1 History","1.1 Native Americans","1.2 Early explorations","1.3 County established","1.4 Black Seminoles","1.5 County organization and growth","1.6 Undocumented migrants","2 Geography","2.1 Major highways","2.2 Adjacent counties and municipios","3 Demographics","4 Communities","5 Politics","6 Education","7 See also","8 Notes","9 Further reading","10 References","11 External links"]
|
Coordinates: 29°21′N 100°25′W / 29.35°N 100.42°W / 29.35; -100.42County in Texas, United States
For people named Kinney, see Kinney (disambiguation).
County in TexasKinney CountyCountyThe Kinney County Courthouse was built in 1910 and is an example of Beaux Arts Classicism architecture. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.Location within the U.S. state of TexasTexas's location within the U.S.Coordinates: 29°21′N 100°25′W / 29.35°N 100.42°W / 29.35; -100.42Country United StatesState TexasFounded1874Named forHenry Lawrence KinneySeatBrackettvilleLargest cityBrackettvilleArea • Total1,365 sq mi (3,540 km2) • Land1,360 sq mi (3,500 km2) • Water5.1 sq mi (13 km2) 0.4%Population (2020) • Total3,129 • Density2.6/sq mi (1.0/km2)Time zoneUTC−6 (Central) • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)Congressional district23rdWebsitewww.co.kinney.tx.us
Kinney County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,129. Its county seat is Brackettville. The county was created in 1850 and later organized in 1874. It is named for Henry Lawrence Kinney, an early settler.
Kinney County's self-proclaimed biggest issue since the 2010s is undocumented immigration from Mexico through the county. The county claims it does not have the resources to deal with the large number of migrants, and in 2021 proclaimed a state of emergency.
History
Native Americans
The first inhabitants were 6,000–10,000 years ago and later came to include Lipan Apache, Mescalero Apache, Coahuiltecan, Jumanos, Tamaulipans, Tonkawa, and Comanches. These tribes settled in rock shelters in the river and creek valleys, leaving behind artifacts and caches of seeds, implements, burial sites, and petroglyphs.
Early explorations
Saltillo Alcalde Fernando de Azcué passed through the southeast corner of the county in 1665 on an expedition, becoming the first European to cross the Rio Grande. Franciscan Brother Manuel de la Cruz explored the county in 1674. In 1675, Fernando del Bosque traversed the area on an expedition up the Rio Grande from the city of Nuestra Sra. de Guadalupe. He was accompanied by Franciscan friars Juan Larios and Dionisio de San Buenaventura. Alonso De León in 1688 discovered French explorer and La Salle expedition deserter Jean Henri in a somewhat confused state of mind, among the Coahuiltecan Indians near the site of present Brackettville, generally believed to be at Anacacho Mountain. During the late 18th century, several Franciscans established a settlement on Las Moras Creek near the center of the county. In 1834, while the area was still under Mexican control, English land speculators John Charles Beales and James Grant attempted to establish an English-speaking colony called Dolores at the site. Streets were laid off and 59 colonists were brought in, but the project was abandoned.
County established
The state legislature formed Kinney County from Bexar County in 1850, five years after Texas statehood, and named it for Henry Lawrence Kinney. The United States Army established Fort Clark in June 1852 on Las Moras Creek, and named it after John B. Clark, who had died in the Mexican War. Brackettville was founded in 1852 originally as the town of Brackett and named for Oscar B. Brackett, who came to set up a stage stop and opened the town's first dry-goods store. Brackett became a stop on a stage line from San Antonio to El Paso, but the settlement grew very slowly because of continuous Indian attacks. The town received its first post office in 1875. On February 18, 1861, on orders from United States Army General David E. Twiggs, Fort Clark was surrendered to the Texas Commission. Twiggs was dismissed by the United States for the act, and subsequently joined the Confederacy. The fort was evacuated by federal troops on March 19 and occupied by Confederate troops under the command of Confederate Colonel John R. Baylor. It remained in the hands of the Confederates until the end of the war, but was not garrisoned. In December 1866, it was reestablished as a federal fort.
Black Seminoles
In early 1872, a number of Black Seminoles living along the border were organized into a company of scouts and brought to Fort Clark. Others joined them, and by the mid-1870s, they numbered some 400 to 500. For the next quarter century, they lived on a reservation along Las Moras Creek. In 1914, the Black Seminoles were removed from the Fort Clark reservation, but some of their descendants still live in the county. The Seminole Indian Scouts cemetery was founded on Fort Clark in 1872.
County organization and growth
The county was organized in 1874. County government followed in 1875. In 1876, Brackettville was designated county seat after the final boundaries of the county were set by the legislature. In 1870, the county had 14,846 cattle, and large numbers of cattle were driven north during the great drives of the mid-1870s. By 1880, sheep outnumbered cattle 55,597 to 7,966, and Kinney County became an important source of wool. The construction of the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway (later part of the Southern Pacific Railroad, and today part of the Union Pacific Railroad) through Spofford in 1883 gave the wool and mohair industry access to markets. At the same time, it also helped to bring in numerous new settlers. In 1925, a branch line of the Texas and New Orleans Railroad was built from near Spofford to connect with the Mexican National Railroad at the Rio Grande. A large Civilian Conservation Corps camp constructed adjacent to Fort Clark helped to employ some people during the Great Depression. With the onset of World War II, wool and mohair were in demand for the defense industries. Fort Clark was closed in 1946.
James T. “Happy” Shahan constructed Alamo Village on his ranch near Brackettville during the late 1950s, for filming of the 1960 John Wayne epic The Alamo. Preserved as a tourist attraction, Alamo Village continued to serve as a set for hundreds of movies and documentaries. In 1969, Happy Shahan hired 18-year-old Johnny Rodriguez to sing at Alamo Village, an opportunity that rocketed Rodriguez to stardom. Kickapoo Cavern State Park, 6,400 acres (26 km2) in both Edwards and Kinney Counties, opened to the public in 1991. It was formerly a private ranch. The Kinney County Groundwater Conservation District was approved by the voters in 2002.
Undocumented migrants
See also: Brooks County, Texas
Kinney County's southwest border is for 13 miles (21 km) the Rio Grande and the border of Mexico. It is on the route for undocumented border crossers heading for San Antonio, the closest city. According to the Kinney County official Web page, "Our county is being bombarded by hundreds of illegal aliens on a daily basis. Our local law enforcement is overwhelmed with illegal alien smuggling activity". In April 2021, Kinney County Sheriff Brad Coe, County Judge Tully Shahan, and Kinney County Attorney Brent Smith jointly issued a declaration of a state of disaster in the county. The State of Texas, under Governor Greg Abbott, has been moving state police and the Texas State Guard into Kinney and adjacent Val Verde County. As they cannot enforce federal immigration laws, they arrest migrants for trespassing on private property (ranches).
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,365 sq mi (3,540 km2), of which 5.1 square miles (13 km2) (0.4%) are covered by water. The county is separated from Mexico by the Rio Grande, and drained by numerous small tributaries of that river.
Major highways
U.S. Highway 90
U.S. Highway 277
State Highway 131
Adjacent counties and municipios
Edwards County (north)
Uvalde County (east)
Maverick County (south)
Val Verde County (west)
Jiménez, Coahuila, Mexico (south)
Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
186061—18701,2041,873.8%18804,487272.7%18903,781−15.7%19002,447−35.3%19103,40139.0%19203,74610.1%19303,9806.2%19404,53313.9%19502,668−41.1%19602,452−8.1%19702,006−18.2%19802,27913.6%19903,11936.9%20003,3798.3%20103,5986.5%20203,129−13.0%U.S. Decennial Census1850–2010 2010–2014
Kinney County racial/ethnic composition (NH = Non-Hispanic)
Race
Pop 2010
Pop 2020
% 2010
% 2020
White (NH)
1,496
1,489
41.58%
47.59%
Black or African American (NH)
39
36
1.08%
1.15%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH)
19
21
0.53%
0.67%
Asian (NH)
10
10
0.28%
0.32%
Pacific Islander (NH)
0
2
0.0%
0.06%
Some other race (NH)
6
15
0.17%
0.48%
Mixed/multiracial (NH)
24
86
0.67%
2.75%
Hispanic or Latino
2,004
1,470
55.7%
46.98%
Total
3,598
3,129
As of the 2020 United States census, 3,129 people, 1,475 households, and 782 families were residing in the county.
As of the census of 2000, 3,379 people, 1,314 households, and 940 families resided in the county. The population density was 2 people per square mile (0.77 people/km2). The 1,907 housing units averaged 2 units per square mile (0.77/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 75.8% White, 1.7% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 18.6% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. About 50.5% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Of the 1,314 households, 27.2% had children under 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.4% were not families. About 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.55, and the average family size was 3.10.
In the county, the age distribution was 25.7% under 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 24.3% who were 65 or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.8 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 99.0 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $28,320, and for a family was $32,045. Males had a median income of $26,422 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,350. About 19.2% of families and 24.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.0% of those under 18 and 16.1% of those 65 or over.
Communities
Brackettville (county seat)
Fort Clark Springs
Spofford
Politics
United States presidential election results for Kinney County, Texas
Year
Republican
Democratic
Third party
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
2020
1,144
71.37%
446
27.82%
13
0.81%
2016
936
65.45%
458
32.03%
36
2.52%
2012
880
61.75%
522
36.63%
23
1.61%
2008
907
58.48%
633
40.81%
11
0.71%
2004
1,051
65.69%
542
33.88%
7
0.44%
2000
932
64.54%
486
33.66%
26
1.80%
1996
650
51.75%
503
40.05%
103
8.20%
1992
634
41.20%
598
38.86%
307
19.95%
1988
771
53.17%
669
46.14%
10
0.69%
1984
774
61.28%
486
38.48%
3
0.24%
1980
543
51.91%
472
45.12%
31
2.96%
1976
318
37.72%
516
61.21%
9
1.07%
1972
425
64.39%
234
35.45%
1
0.15%
1968
198
33.06%
333
55.59%
68
11.35%
1964
155
26.09%
439
73.91%
0
0.00%
1960
211
37.08%
358
62.92%
0
0.00%
1956
368
55.76%
289
43.79%
3
0.45%
1952
384
55.65%
306
44.35%
0
0.00%
1948
175
30.43%
370
64.35%
30
5.22%
1944
200
33.22%
401
66.61%
1
0.17%
1940
156
27.04%
418
72.44%
3
0.52%
1936
175
32.89%
357
67.11%
0
0.00%
1932
89
11.59%
678
88.28%
1
0.13%
1928
182
47.64%
200
52.36%
0
0.00%
1924
158
50.16%
144
45.71%
13
4.13%
1920
137
55.47%
98
39.68%
12
4.86%
1916
201
45.48%
233
52.71%
8
1.81%
1912
97
34.77%
76
27.24%
106
37.99%
Education
All of Kinney County is in the Brackett Independent School District.
The designated community college is Southwest Texas Junior College.
See also
Texas portal
Brooks County, Texas
List of museums in South Texas
Missing in Brooks County
National Register of Historic Places listings in Kinney County, Texas
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Kinney County
Notes
^ Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
Further reading
Hernández, Arelis R. (May 10, 2023). "Texas uses aggressive tactics to arrest migrants as Title 42 ends". Washington Post.
References
^ "QuickFacts: Kinney County, Texas". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
^ "Texas: Individual County Chronologies". Texas Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2008. Archived from the original on May 13, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
^ a b Croix, Vanessa (April 21, 2021). "Kinney Co. officials issue disaster declaration, calling on state leaders for help. County leaders said criminal activity is surging as a result of the influx of migrants crossing into the U.S." KENS-TV.
^ Chases rampant at southern border, plaguing communities
^ "Mescalero Apache History and Culture". Mescalero Apache Telecom, Inc. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
^ a b c d Long, Christopher. "Kinney County, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
^ Chipman, Donald E. "Fernando de Azcue". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
^ Chipman, Donald E. "Fernando del Bosque". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
^ Chipman, Donald E. "Alonso De León". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
^ "Las Moras Creek". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
^ Riser, Carl Coke. "Beale's Rio Grande Community". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
^ Hudnall, Ken and Sharon (2005). Spirits of the Border V: The History and Mystery of the Lone Star State. Omega Press. pp. 266–267. ISBN 978-0-9626087-9-7.
^ a b "Brackettville, Texas". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes – Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
^ Eckhardt, C F. "Lt. John Lapham Bullis and the Seminole Negro Scouts". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
^ Harvey, Bill (2003). Texas Cemeteries: The Resting Places of Famous, Infamous, and Just Plain Interesting Texans. University of Texas Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-292-73466-1.
^ Orsi, Richard J (2005). Sunset Limited: The Southern Pacific Railroad and the Development of the American West, 1850–1930. University of California Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-520-20019-7.
^ "Spofford, Texas". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
^ Haenn, Bill and William F (2002). "Filming The Alamo and Creation of Alamo Village". Fort Clark and Brackettville: Land of Heroes. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 115–129. ISBN 978-0-7385-2063-6.
^ "Kickapoo Cavern State Park". Texas Parks and Wildlife Dept. Archived from the original on February 20, 2011. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
^ Schreiber, Colleen (March 2, 2004). "Kinney County Another Field Of Battle In Texas Water War". Livestock Weekly.
^ Kinney County, Texas (2021). "Defend Our Borders". Retrieved December 12, 2021.
^ Goodman, J. David (December 11, 2021). "Helicopters and High-Speed Chases: Inside Texas' Push to Arrest Migrants. Texas is using state law enforcement in an unusual way in an attempt to stem illegal border crossings. The tactic is raising constitutional concerns and transforming life in one small town". The New York Times.
^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2015.
^ Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Kinney" . The American Cyclopædia.
^ "Decennial Census by Decade". US Census Bureau.
^ "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved May 2, 2015.
^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on October 18, 2011. Retrieved December 18, 2013.
^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
^ https://www.census.gov/
^ "About the Hispanic Population and its Origin". www.census.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Kinney County, TX" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022. - Text list
^ Texas Education Code: Sec. 130.200. SOUTHWEST TEXAS JUNIOR COLLEGE DISTRICT SERVICE AREA.
External links
Kinney County government's website
Kinney County from the Handbook of Texas Online
Kinney County Public Library
Kinney County Profile from the Texas Association of Counties
Places adjacent to Kinney County, Texas
Edwards County
Val Verde County
Kinney County, Texas
Uvalde County
Jiménez Municipality, Coahuila
Maverick County
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|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kinney (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinney_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"county","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"U.S. state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state"},{"link_name":"Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas"},{"link_name":"2020 census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_census"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"county seat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_seat"},{"link_name":"Brackettville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackettville,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR6-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Henry Lawrence Kinney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Lawrence_Kinney"},{"link_name":"state of emergency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_emergency"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Croix-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"County in Texas, United StatesFor people named Kinney, see Kinney (disambiguation).County in TexasKinney County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,129.[1] Its county seat is Brackettville.[2] The county was created in 1850 and later organized in 1874.[3] It is named for Henry Lawrence Kinney, an early settler.Kinney County's self-proclaimed biggest issue since the 2010s is undocumented immigration from Mexico through the county. The county claims it does not have the resources to deal with the large number of migrants, and in 2021 proclaimed a state of emergency.[4][5]","title":"Kinney County, Texas"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lipan Apache","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipan_Apache_people"},{"link_name":"Mescalero Apache","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mescalero"},{"link_name":"Coahuiltecan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coahuiltecan"},{"link_name":"Jumanos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suma-Jumano"},{"link_name":"Tonkawa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonkawa"},{"link_name":"Comanches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comanches"},{"link_name":"petroglyphs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_art"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kinney_County,_Texas-7"}],"sub_title":"Native Americans","text":"The first inhabitants were 6,000–10,000 years ago and later came to include Lipan Apache, Mescalero Apache, Coahuiltecan, Jumanos, Tamaulipans, Tonkawa, and Comanches. These tribes settled in rock shelters in the river and creek valleys, leaving behind artifacts and caches of seeds, implements, burial sites, and petroglyphs.[6][7]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Saltillo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltillo"},{"link_name":"Rio Grande","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Franciscan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscan"},{"link_name":"Nuestra Sra. de Guadalupe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monclova"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Alonso De León","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alonso_De_Le%C3%B3n"},{"link_name":"La Salle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle"},{"link_name":"Jean Henri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Gery"},{"link_name":"Brackettville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackettville,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"sub_title":"Early explorations","text":"Saltillo Alcalde Fernando de Azcué passed through the southeast corner of the county in 1665 on an expedition, becoming the first European to cross the Rio Grande.[8] Franciscan Brother Manuel de la Cruz explored the county in 1674. In 1675, Fernando del Bosque traversed the area on an expedition up the Rio Grande from the city of Nuestra Sra. de Guadalupe. He was accompanied by Franciscan friars Juan Larios and Dionisio de San Buenaventura.[9] Alonso De León in 1688 discovered French explorer and La Salle expedition deserter Jean Henri in a somewhat confused state of mind, among the Coahuiltecan Indians near the site of present Brackettville, generally believed to be at Anacacho Mountain.[10] During the late 18th century, several Franciscans established a settlement on Las Moras Creek near the center of the county.[11] In 1834, while the area was still under Mexican control, English land speculators John Charles Beales and James Grant attempted to establish an English-speaking colony called Dolores at the site. Streets were laid off and 59 colonists were brought in, but the project was abandoned.[12]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bexar County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bexar_County,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Henry Lawrence Kinney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Lawrence_Kinney"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kinney_County,_Texas-7"},{"link_name":"Fort Clark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Clark,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Brackettville,_Texas-14"},{"link_name":"United States Army General David E. Twiggs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_E._Twiggs"},{"link_name":"John R. Baylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R._Baylor"}],"sub_title":"County established","text":"The state legislature formed Kinney County from Bexar County in 1850, five years after Texas statehood, and named it for Henry Lawrence Kinney.[7] The United States Army established Fort Clark in June 1852 on Las Moras Creek, and named it after John B. Clark, who had died in the Mexican War.[13] Brackettville was founded in 1852 originally as the town of Brackett and named for Oscar B. Brackett, who came to set up a stage stop and opened the town's first dry-goods store. Brackett became a stop on a stage line from San Antonio to El Paso, but the settlement grew very slowly because of continuous Indian attacks. The town received its first post office in 1875.[14] On February 18, 1861, on orders from United States Army General David E. Twiggs, Fort Clark was surrendered to the Texas Commission. Twiggs was dismissed by the United States for the act, and subsequently joined the Confederacy. The fort was evacuated by federal troops on March 19 and occupied by Confederate troops under the command of Confederate Colonel John R. Baylor. It remained in the hands of the Confederates until the end of the war, but was not garrisoned. In December 1866, it was reestablished as a federal fort.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Black Seminoles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Seminoles"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"sub_title":"Black Seminoles","text":"In early 1872, a number of Black Seminoles living along the border were organized into a company of scouts and brought to Fort Clark. Others joined them, and by the mid-1870s, they numbered some 400 to 500. For the next quarter century, they lived on a reservation along Las Moras Creek. In 1914, the Black Seminoles were removed from the Fort Clark reservation, but some of their descendants still live in the county. The Seminole Indian Scouts cemetery was founded on Fort Clark in 1872.[15][16]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Brackettville,_Texas-14"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kinney_County,_Texas-7"},{"link_name":"Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galveston,_Harrisburg_and_San_Antonio_Railway"},{"link_name":"Southern Pacific Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad"},{"link_name":"Union Pacific Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Spofford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spofford,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Texas and New Orleans Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_and_New_Orleans_Railroad"},{"link_name":"Mexican National Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Railroad_of_Mexico"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Civilian Conservation Corps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps"},{"link_name":"Great Depression","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kinney_County,_Texas-7"},{"link_name":"Alamo Village","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamo_Village"},{"link_name":"John Wayne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne"},{"link_name":"The Alamo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Alamo_(1960_film)"},{"link_name":"Johnny Rodriguez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Rodriguez"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"sub_title":"County organization and growth","text":"The county was organized in 1874. County government followed in 1875. In 1876, Brackettville was designated county seat after the final boundaries of the county were set by the legislature.[14] In 1870, the county had 14,846 cattle, and large numbers of cattle were driven north during the great drives of the mid-1870s. By 1880, sheep outnumbered cattle 55,597 to 7,966, and Kinney County became an important source of wool.[7] The construction of the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway (later part of the Southern Pacific Railroad, and today part of the Union Pacific Railroad)[17] through Spofford in 1883 gave the wool and mohair industry access to markets. At the same time, it also helped to bring in numerous new settlers. In 1925, a branch line of the Texas and New Orleans Railroad was built from near Spofford to connect with the Mexican National Railroad at the Rio Grande.[18] A large Civilian Conservation Corps camp constructed adjacent to Fort Clark helped to employ some people during the Great Depression. With the onset of World War II, wool and mohair were in demand for the defense industries. Fort Clark was closed in 1946.[7]James T. “Happy” Shahan constructed Alamo Village on his ranch near Brackettville during the late 1950s, for filming of the 1960 John Wayne epic The Alamo. Preserved as a tourist attraction, Alamo Village continued to serve as a set for hundreds of movies and documentaries. In 1969, Happy Shahan hired 18-year-old Johnny Rodriguez to sing at Alamo Village, an opportunity that rocketed Rodriguez to stardom.[19] Kickapoo Cavern State Park, 6,400 acres (26 km2) in both Edwards and Kinney Counties, opened to the public in 1991. It was formerly a private ranch.[20] The Kinney County Groundwater Conservation District was approved by the voters in 2002.[21]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Brooks County, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooks_County,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Rio Grande","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande"},{"link_name":"San Antonio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Croix-4"},{"link_name":"Greg Abbott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Abbott"},{"link_name":"Texas State Guard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_State_Guard"},{"link_name":"Val Verde County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_Verde_County"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"sub_title":"Undocumented migrants","text":"See also: Brooks County, TexasKinney County's southwest border is for 13 miles (21 km) the Rio Grande and the border of Mexico. It is on the route for undocumented border crossers heading for San Antonio, the closest city. According to the Kinney County official Web page, \"Our county is being bombarded by hundreds of illegal aliens on a daily basis. Our local law enforcement is overwhelmed with illegal alien smuggling activity\".[22] In April 2021, Kinney County Sheriff Brad Coe, County Judge Tully Shahan, and Kinney County Attorney Brent Smith jointly issued a declaration of a state of disaster in the county.[4] The State of Texas, under Governor Greg Abbott, has been moving state police and the Texas State Guard into Kinney and adjacent Val Verde County. As they cannot enforce federal immigration laws, they arrest migrants for trespassing on private property (ranches).[23]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"U.S. Census Bureau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR1-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"}],"text":"According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,365 sq mi (3,540 km2), of which 5.1 square miles (13 km2) (0.4%) are covered by water.[24] The county is separated from Mexico by the Rio Grande, and drained by numerous small tributaries of that river.[25]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_90.svg"},{"link_name":"U.S. Highway 90","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_90_(Texas)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_277.svg"},{"link_name":"U.S. Highway 277","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_277_(Texas)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Texas_134.svg"},{"link_name":"State Highway 131","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_131"}],"sub_title":"Major highways","text":"U.S. Highway 90\n U.S. Highway 277\n State Highway 131","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Edwards County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwards_County,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Uvalde County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvalde_County,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Maverick County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maverick_County,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Val Verde County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_Verde_County,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Jiménez, Coahuila, Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%C3%A9nez_(municipality_of_Coahuila)"}],"sub_title":"Adjacent counties and municipios","text":"Edwards County (north)\nUvalde County (east)\nMaverick County (south)\nVal Verde County (west)\nJiménez, Coahuila, Mexico (south)","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2020 United States census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_census"},{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-GR8-34"},{"link_name":"population density","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density"},{"link_name":"racial makeup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)"},{"link_name":"per capita income","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_income"},{"link_name":"poverty line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line"}],"text":"As of the 2020 United States census, 3,129 people, 1,475 households, and 782 families were residing in the county.As of the census[33] of 2000, 3,379 people, 1,314 households, and 940 families resided in the county. The population density was 2 people per square mile (0.77 people/km2). The 1,907 housing units averaged 2 units per square mile (0.77/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 75.8% White, 1.7% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 18.6% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. About 50.5% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.Of the 1,314 households, 27.2% had children under 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.4% were not families. About 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.55, and the average family size was 3.10.In the county, the age distribution was 25.7% under 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 24.3% who were 65 or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.8 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 99.0 males.The median income for a household in the county was $28,320, and for a family was $32,045. Males had a median income of $26,422 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,350. About 19.2% of families and 24.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.0% of those under 18 and 16.1% of those 65 or over.","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Brackettville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackettville,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Fort Clark Springs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Clark_Springs,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Spofford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spofford,_Texas"}],"text":"Brackettville (county seat)\nFort Clark Springs\nSpofford","title":"Communities"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Brackett Independent School District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackett_Independent_School_District"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"Southwest Texas Junior College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Texas_Junior_College"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"}],"text":"All of Kinney County is in the Brackett Independent School District.[35]The designated community college is Southwest Texas Junior College.[36]","title":"Education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-33"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"}],"text":"^ Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.[31][32]","title":"Notes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"Texas uses aggressive tactics to arrest migrants as Title 42 ends\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.washingtonpost.com/nation/interactive/2023/texas-title-42-end/?itid=hp_only-from-the-post_p002_f001"},{"link_name":"Washington Post","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post"}],"text":"Hernández, Arelis R. (May 10, 2023). \"Texas uses aggressive tactics to arrest migrants as Title 42 ends\". Washington Post.","title":"Further reading"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Kinney County map","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Kinney_County.svg/100px-Map_of_Texas_highlighting_Kinney_County.svg.png"}]
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[{"title":"Texas portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Texas"},{"title":"Brooks County, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooks_County,_Texas"},{"title":"List of museums in South Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_museums_in_South_Texas"},{"title":"Missing in Brooks County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missing_in_Brooks_County"},{"title":"National Register of Historic Places listings in Kinney County, Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kinney_County,_Texas"},{"title":"Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Kinney County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Recorded_Texas_Historic_Landmarks_(Hunt-Martin)#Kinney_County"}]
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[{"reference":"Hernández, Arelis R. (May 10, 2023). \"Texas uses aggressive tactics to arrest migrants as Title 42 ends\". Washington Post.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/interactive/2023/texas-title-42-end/?itid=hp_only-from-the-post_p002_f001","url_text":"\"Texas uses aggressive tactics to arrest migrants as Title 42 ends\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post","url_text":"Washington Post"}]},{"reference":"\"QuickFacts: Kinney County, Texas\". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 27, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/kinneycountytexas/PST045221","url_text":"\"QuickFacts: Kinney County, Texas\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau","url_text":"U.S. Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"Find a County\". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","url_text":"\"Find a County\""},{"url":"http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Texas: Individual County Chronologies\". Texas Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2008. Archived from the original on May 13, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150513024355/http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/TX_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm","url_text":"\"Texas: Individual County Chronologies\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newberry_Library","url_text":"The Newberry Library"},{"url":"http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/TX_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Croix, Vanessa (April 21, 2021). \"Kinney Co. officials issue disaster declaration, calling on state leaders for help. County leaders said criminal activity is surging as a result of the influx of migrants crossing into the U.S.\" KENS-TV.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.kens5.com/article/news/special-reports/at-the-border/kinney-co-officials-issue-disaster-declaration-calling-on-state-leaders-for-help/273-1ac31fd5-c37d-4221-8675-d201ab40f6d3","url_text":"\"Kinney Co. officials issue disaster declaration, calling on state leaders for help. County leaders said criminal activity is surging as a result of the influx of migrants crossing into the U.S.\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KENS-TV","url_text":"KENS-TV"}]},{"reference":"\"Mescalero Apache History and Culture\". Mescalero Apache Telecom, Inc. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved December 14, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110714074552/http://www.mescaleroapache.com/area/history_and_cul.htm","url_text":"\"Mescalero Apache History and Culture\""},{"url":"http://www.mescaleroapache.com/area/history_and_cul.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Long, Christopher. \"Kinney County, Texas\". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 14, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hck09","url_text":"\"Kinney County, Texas\""}]},{"reference":"Chipman, Donald E. \"Fernando de Azcue\". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 14, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/faz01","url_text":"\"Fernando de Azcue\""}]},{"reference":"Chipman, Donald E. \"Fernando del Bosque\". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 14, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fboaj","url_text":"\"Fernando del Bosque\""}]},{"reference":"Chipman, Donald E. \"Alonso De León\". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 13, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fde06","url_text":"\"Alonso De León\""}]},{"reference":"\"Las Moras Creek\". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 14, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/rbl31","url_text":"\"Las Moras Creek\""}]},{"reference":"Riser, Carl Coke. \"Beale's Rio Grande Community\". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved December 14, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ueb01","url_text":"\"Beale's Rio Grande Community\""}]},{"reference":"Hudnall, Ken and Sharon (2005). Spirits of the Border V: The History and Mystery of the Lone Star State. Omega Press. pp. 266–267. ISBN 978-0-9626087-9-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9626087-9-7","url_text":"978-0-9626087-9-7"}]},{"reference":"\"Brackettville, Texas\". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes – Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved December 14, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.texasescapes.com/TexasHillCountryTowns/BrackettvilleTexas/BrackettvilleTx.htm","url_text":"\"Brackettville, Texas\""}]},{"reference":"Eckhardt, C F. \"Lt. John Lapham Bullis and the Seminole Negro Scouts\". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved December 14, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.texasescapes.com/CFEckhardt/Whirlwind-Lt-John-Lapham-Bullis-and-the-Seminole-Negro-Scouts.htm","url_text":"\"Lt. John Lapham Bullis and the Seminole Negro Scouts\""}]},{"reference":"Harvey, Bill (2003). Texas Cemeteries: The Resting Places of Famous, Infamous, and Just Plain Interesting Texans. University of Texas Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-292-73466-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/texascemeteriesr00harv","url_text":"Texas Cemeteries: The Resting Places of Famous, Infamous, and Just Plain Interesting Texans"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/texascemeteriesr00harv/page/n81","url_text":"72"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-73466-1","url_text":"978-0-292-73466-1"}]},{"reference":"Orsi, Richard J (2005). Sunset Limited: The Southern Pacific Railroad and the Development of the American West, 1850–1930. University of California Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-520-20019-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/sunsetlimitedsou00orsi_0/page/22","url_text":"Sunset Limited: The Southern Pacific Railroad and the Development of the American West, 1850–1930"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/sunsetlimitedsou00orsi_0/page/22","url_text":"22"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20019-7","url_text":"978-0-520-20019-7"}]},{"reference":"\"Spofford, Texas\". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved December 14, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.texasescapes.com/TexasHillCountryTowns/SpoffordTexas/SpoffordTexas.htm","url_text":"\"Spofford, Texas\""}]},{"reference":"Haenn, Bill and William F (2002). \"Filming The Alamo and Creation of Alamo Village\". Fort Clark and Brackettville: Land of Heroes. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 115–129. ISBN 978-0-7385-2063-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-2063-6","url_text":"978-0-7385-2063-6"}]},{"reference":"\"Kickapoo Cavern State Park\". Texas Parks and Wildlife Dept. Archived from the original on February 20, 2011. Retrieved December 14, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110220073441/http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/parkguide/rgn_hc_018.phtml","url_text":"\"Kickapoo Cavern State Park\""},{"url":"http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/parkguide/rgn_hc_018.phtml","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Schreiber, Colleen (March 2, 2004). \"Kinney County Another Field Of Battle In Texas Water War\". Livestock Weekly.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Kinney County, Texas (2021). \"Defend Our Borders\". Retrieved December 12, 2021.","urls":[{"url_text":"Kinney County, Texas"},{"url":"https://defendourborders.org/","url_text":"\"Defend Our Borders\""}]},{"reference":"Goodman, J. David (December 11, 2021). \"Helicopters and High-Speed Chases: Inside Texas' Push to Arrest Migrants. Texas is using state law enforcement in an unusual way in an attempt to stem illegal border crossings. The tactic is raising constitutional concerns and transforming life in one small town\". The New York Times.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/11/us/texas-migrant-arrests-police.html","url_text":"\"Helicopters and High-Speed Chases: Inside Texas' Push to Arrest Migrants. Texas is using state law enforcement in an unusual way in an attempt to stem illegal border crossings. The tactic is raising constitutional concerns and transforming life in one small town\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times","url_text":"The New York Times"}]},{"reference":"\"2010 Census Gazetteer Files\". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_48.txt","url_text":"\"2010 Census Gazetteer Files\""}]},{"reference":"Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). \"Kinney\" . The American Cyclopædia.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Kinney","url_text":"\"Kinney\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia","url_text":"The American Cyclopædia"}]},{"reference":"\"Decennial Census by Decade\". US Census Bureau.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html","url_text":"\"Decennial Census by Decade\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Census_Bureau","url_text":"US Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"\"Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010\" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved May 2, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://texasalmanac.com/sites/default/files/images/topics/ctypophistweb2010.pdf","url_text":"\"Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010\""},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://texasalmanac.com/sites/default/files/images/topics/ctypophistweb2010.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"State & County QuickFacts\". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on October 18, 2011. Retrieved December 18, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111018055839/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48271.html","url_text":"\"State & County QuickFacts\""},{"url":"http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48271.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Explore Census Data\". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 19, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US48271&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2","url_text":"\"Explore Census Data\""}]},{"reference":"\"Explore Census Data\". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 19, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US48271&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2","url_text":"\"Explore Census Data\""}]},{"reference":"\"About the Hispanic Population and its Origin\". www.census.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html","url_text":"\"About the Hispanic Population and its Origin\""}]},{"reference":"\"U.S. Census website\". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.census.gov/","url_text":"\"U.S. Census website\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau","url_text":"United States Census Bureau"}]},{"reference":"Leip, David. \"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections\". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved July 26, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS","url_text":"\"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections\""}]},{"reference":"\"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Kinney County, TX\" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48271_kinney/DC20SD_C48271.pdf","url_text":"\"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Kinney County, TX\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau","url_text":"U.S. Census Bureau"},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48271_kinney/DC20SD_C48271.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Joint_Computer_Conference
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Joint Computer Conference
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["1 Conference dates[4]","1.1 Eastern Joint Computer Conference","1.2 Western Joint Computer Conference","1.3 Spring Joint Computer Conference","1.4 Fall Joint Computer Conference","1.5 National Computer Conference","2 See also","3 Notes","4 References","5 External links"]
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The Joint Computer Conferences were a series of computer conferences in the United States held under various names between 1951 and 1987. The conferences were the venue for presentations and papers representing "cumulative work in the field."
Originally a semi-annual pair, the Western Joint Computer Conference (WJCC) was held annually in the western United States, and a counterpart, the Eastern Joint Computer Conference (EJCC), was held annually in the eastern US. Both conferences were sponsored by an organization known as the National Joint Computer Committee (NJCC), composed of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) Committee on Computing Devices, and the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) Professional Group on Electronic Computers.: p.47
In 1962 the American Federation of Information Processing Societies (AFIPS) took over sponsorship and renamed them Fall Joint Computer Conference (FJCC) and Spring Joint Computer Conference (SJCC).
In 1973 AFIPS merged the two conferences into a single annual National Computer Conference (NCC) which ran until discontinued in 1987.
The 1967 FJCC in Anaheim, California attracted 15,000 attendees. In 1968 in San Francisco, California Douglas Engelbart presented "The Mother of All Demos" presenting such then-new technologies as the computer mouse, video conferencing, teleconferencing, and hypertext.
Conference dates
Eastern Joint Computer Conference
Year
Location
Dates
Comments
1951
Philadelphia, PA
December 10–12
Presented papers published with the title "Review of Electronic Digital Computers"
1952
New York, NY
December 10–12
"Review of Input and Output Equipment used in Computing Systems"
1953
Washington, DC
December 8–10
Theme: "Information Processing Systems – Reliability and Requirements"
1954
Philadelphia, PA
December 10–12
"The Design and Application of Small Digital Computers"
1955
Boston, MA
November 7–9
"Computers in Business and Industrial Systems"
1956
New York, NY
December 10–12
"New Developments in Computers"
1957
Washington, DC
December 9–13
1958
Philadelphia, PA
December 3–5
1959
Boston, MA
December 1–3
UNIVAC LARC
1960
New York, NY
December 13–15
1961
Washington, DC
December 12–14
Western Joint Computer Conference
Year
Location
Dates
Comments
1953
Los Angeles, CA
February 1–6
Subjects: "evaluation of digital and analog computers, commercial applications of computers, airplane problems, etc."
1954
Los Angeles, CA
February 11–12
"Trends in Computers: Automatic Control and Data Processing."
1955
Los Angeles, CA
March 1–3
"Functions and Techniques in Analog and Digital Computers"
1956
San Francisco, CA
February 7–9
1957
Los Angeles, CA
February 26–28
"Techniques For Reliability"
1958
Los Angeles, CA
May 6–8
1959
San Francisco, CA
March 3–5
1960
San Francisco, CA
May 3–5
1961
Los Angeles, CA
May 9–11
Spring Joint Computer Conference
Year
Location
Dates
Comments
1962
San Francisco. CA
May 1–3
Exception to East Coast siting, FJCC was on East Coast.Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS)
1963
Detroit, MI
May 21–23
1964
Washington, DC
April 21–23
1965
1966
Boston, MA
April 26–28
1967
Atlantic City, NJ
April 18–20
1968
Atlantic City, NJ
April 30-May 2
1969
Boston, MA
May 14–16
1970
Atlantic City, NJ
May 5–7
PDP-11
1971
Atlantic City, NJ
May 18–20
1972
Atlantic City, NJ
May 16–18
Fall Joint Computer Conference
Year
Location
Dates
Comments
1962
Philadelphia, PA
December 4–6
Exception to West Coast siting, SJCC was on West Coast.
1963
Las Vegas, NV
November 12–14
1964
San Francisco, CA
October 27–29
General Motors DAC-1 CAD system
1965
Las Vegas, NV
November 30-December 1
Multics Operating System
1966
San Francisco, CA
November 7–10
1967
Anaheim, CA
November 14–16
1968
San Francisco, CA
December 9–11
XPL, "The Mother of All Demos"
1969
Las Vegas, NV
November 18–20
1970
Houston, TX
November 17–19
Four-Phase IV/70
1971
Las Vegas, NV
November 16–18
1972
Anaheim, CA
December 5–17
National Computer Conference
Year
Location
Dates
Comments
1973
New York, NY
June 4–8
1974
Chicago, IL
May 6–10
1975
Anaheim, CA
May 19–22
ADM-3
1976
New York, NY
June 7–10
1977
Dallas, TX
June 13–16
1978
Anaheim, CA
June 5–8
1979
New York, NY
June 4–7
1980
Anaheim, CA
May 19–22
1981
Chicago, IL
May 4–7
Xerox Star
1982
Houston, TX
June 7–10
1983
Anaheim, CA
May 16–19
1984
Las Vegas, NV
July 9–12
1985
Chicago, IL
July 15–18
1986
Dallas, TX
November 2–6
1987
Chicago, IL
June 15–18
See also
American Federation of Information Processing Societies
COMDEX
Notes
^ Small Digital Computers "being defined roughly as automatic digital computers costing less than $150,000 or using less than 20 kilowatts of power."
References
^ "Five Years Ago, Nov.24, 1971". Computerworld. November 15, 1976. Retrieved Feb 2, 2013.
^ a b "Fall Joint Computer Conference Expected to Draw Record Crowds". Computerworld. Dec 11, 1968. Retrieved Feb 2, 2013.
^ Kent, Allen; Lancour, Harold (1969). Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: Volume 2 - Association. CRC Press. ISBN 9780824720025.
^ "AFIPS Conference Dates". Retrieved Feb 2, 2013.
^ "Office of Naval Research, Mathematical Sciences Division, Digital Computer Newsletter Vol. 4, No. 4. Unclassified. - NOTICE". National Security Archive. 1952-10-01. p. 7. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
^ "Automatic Computing Machinery - Bibliography Z - 1054. Joint AIEE-IRE Computer Conference". Mathematics of Computation. 7 (44): 258–264. 1953. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-53-99352-1. ISSN 0025-5718.
^ a b "4 & 11. Joint AIEE-IRE-ACM Computer Conference ...". Computers and Automation 1953-07: Vol 2 Iss 5. Berkeley Enterprises. 1953-07-01. pp. 15–16.
^ a b "NOTICES - JOINT COMPUTER CONFERENCE". National Security Archive. Digital Computer Newsletter Vol. 5, No. 4. pp. 15–18. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
^ "ARTICLES - The End of an Epoch: The Joint Computer Conference, Washington, D. C., December, 1953". Computers and Automation 1954-01: Vol 3 Iss 1. Berkeley Enterprises. 1954-01-01. pp. 6–7.
^ a b "THE EDITOR'S NOTES - WESTERN JOINT COMPUTER CONFERENCE, March, 1955; Eastern Joint Computer Conference, Philadelphia, Dec. 8-10, 1954". Computers and Automation 1955-01: Vol 4 Iss 1. Berkeley Enterprises. 1955-01-01. pp. 4, 14–17.
^ "Forum: EASTERN JOINT COMPUTER CONFERENCE, BOSTON, NOVEMBER, 1955". Computers and Automation 1955-09: Vol 4 Iss 9. Berkeley Enterprises. 1955-09-01. p. 30.
^ "Forum: EASTERN JOINT COMPUTER CONFERENCE". Computers and Automation 1955-11: Vol 4 Iss 11. Berkeley Enterprises. 1955-11-01. pp. 12–13.
^ a b "Dec. 10-12: Eastern Joint Computer Conference; Feb. 26-28: Western Joint Computer Conference". Electronic Design: Vol 4 Iss 20. Penton Media. 1956-10-15. pp. 20–21.
^ "Eastern Joint Computer Conference". Computers and Automation: Vol 5 Iss 12. Berkeley Enterprises. 1956-12-01. pp. 20–23, 26, 31.
^ Eckert, J.P.; et al. (1959). "Design of the Univac - LARC System: I" (PDF). Proceedings of the Eastern Joint Computer Conference. Vol. 16. pp. 59–65. Retrieved Nov 4, 2022.
^ "Automatic Computing Machinery - News - IEE-IRE-ACM". Mathematics of Computation. 7 (43): 202–205. 1953. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-53-99360-0. ISSN 0025-5718.
^ Proceedings of the February 11-12, 1954, western computer conference: Trends in computers: automatic control and data processing on - AIEE-IRE '53 (Western). New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. 1954. doi:10.1145/1455200.
^ "FORUM - 1. Western Computer Conference and Exhibit". Computers and Automation 1954-01: Vol 3 Iss 1. Berkeley Enterprises. 1954-01-01. p. 14.
^ "Western Computer Conference and Exhibit, Los Angeles; March 1–3, 1955. Titles of Papers and Abstracts". Computers and Automation 1955-04: Vol 4 Iss 4. Berkeley Enterprises. 1955-04-01. pp. 38–40.
^ "Forum - WESTERN JOINT COMPUTER CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT". Computers and Automation: Vol 5 Iss 1. Berkeley Enterprises. 1956-01-01. p. 42.
^ "WESTERN JOINT COMPUTER CONFERENCE". Computers and Automation: Vol 5 Iss 5. Berkeley Enterprises. 1956-05-01. pp. 26–30.
^ "Computerworld". 1975-05-14.
External links
AFIPS conference bibliography, 1951-1987
"AFIPS Conference - Proceedings ". ACM Digital Library. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
Authority control databases International
VIAF
2
3
National
Germany
Israel
United States
This article about a computer conference is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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[{"title":"American Federation of Information Processing Societies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of_Information_Processing_Societies"},{"title":"COMDEX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COMDEX"}]
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Berkeley Enterprises. 1956-05-01. pp. 26–30.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1956-05_5_5/page/n25/","url_text":"Computers and Automation: Vol 5 Iss 5"}]},{"reference":"\"Computerworld\". 1975-05-14.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=CdkopCC9Q0QC&dq=Anaheim&pg=PA50","url_text":"\"Computerworld\""}]},{"reference":"\"AFIPS Conference - Proceedings [1951-1984; Conference proceedings / Browse all Workshops alphabetically]\". ACM Digital Library. Retrieved 2023-06-14.","urls":[{"url":"https://dl.acm.org/conference/afips/proceedings","url_text":"\"AFIPS Conference - Proceedings [1951-1984; Conference proceedings / Browse all Workshops alphabetically]\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kuEuAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kE0DAAAAIBAJ&dq=fall-joint-computer-conference&pg=4164%2C3551676","external_links_name":"\"Five Years Ago, Nov.24, 1971\""},{"Link":"https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0NtOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lE4DAAAAIBAJ&dq=fall-joint-computer-conference&pg=4268%2C4180094","external_links_name":"\"Fall Joint Computer Conference Expected to Draw Record Crowds\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=kauItn1mh6QC&dq=%22national+Joint+Computer+Committee%22+founding&pg=PA47","external_links_name":"Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: Volume 2 - Association"},{"Link":"http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/afips/AFIPS_Conference_Dates.txt","external_links_name":"\"AFIPS Conference Dates\""},{"Link":"https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/document/16897-office-naval-research-mathematical-sciences","external_links_name":"\"Office of Naval Research, Mathematical Sciences Division, Digital Computer Newsletter Vol. 4, No. 4. 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Joint AIEE-IRE Computer Conference\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1090%2FS0025-5718-53-99352-1","external_links_name":"10.1090/S0025-5718-53-99352-1"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0025-5718","external_links_name":"0025-5718"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1953-07_2_5/page/n19/","external_links_name":"Computers and Automation 1953-07: Vol 2 Iss 5"},{"Link":"https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/document/16903-office-naval-research-mathematical-science","external_links_name":"\"NOTICES - JOINT COMPUTER CONFERENCE\""},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1954-01_3_1/page/n5/","external_links_name":"Computers and Automation 1954-01: Vol 3 Iss 1"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1955-01_4_1/page/n3/","external_links_name":"Computers and Automation 1955-01: Vol 4 Iss 1"},{"Link":"http://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1955-09_4_9","external_links_name":"Computers and Automation 1955-09: Vol 4 Iss 9"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1955-11_4_11/page/n11/","external_links_name":"Computers and Automation 1955-11: Vol 4 Iss 11"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/sim_electronic-design_1956-10-15_4_20/page/21/","external_links_name":"Electronic Design: Vol 4 Iss 20"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1956-12_5_12/page/n19/","external_links_name":"Computers and Automation: Vol 5 Iss 12"},{"Link":"http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/afips/1959-12_%2316.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Design of the Univac - LARC System: I\""},{"Link":"https://www.ams.org/mcom/1953-07-043/S0025-5718-53-99360-0/","external_links_name":"\"Automatic Computing Machinery - News - IEE-IRE-ACM\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1090%2FS0025-5718-53-99360-0","external_links_name":"10.1090/S0025-5718-53-99360-0"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0025-5718","external_links_name":"0025-5718"},{"Link":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/1455200","external_links_name":"Proceedings of the February 11-12, 1954, western computer conference: Trends in computers: automatic control and data processing on - AIEE-IRE '53 (Western)"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1455200","external_links_name":"10.1145/1455200"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1954-01_3_1/page/n13/","external_links_name":"Computers and Automation 1954-01: Vol 3 Iss 1"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1955-04_4_4/page/n37/","external_links_name":"Computers and Automation 1955-04: Vol 4 Iss 4"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1956-01_5_1/page/n41/","external_links_name":"Computers and Automation: Vol 5 Iss 1"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1956-05_5_5/page/n25/","external_links_name":"Computers and Automation: Vol 5 Iss 5"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=CdkopCC9Q0QC&dq=Anaheim&pg=PA50","external_links_name":"\"Computerworld\""},{"Link":"http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/afips/","external_links_name":"AFIPS conference bibliography, 1951-1987"},{"Link":"https://dl.acm.org/conference/afips/proceedings","external_links_name":"\"AFIPS Conference - Proceedings [1951-1984; Conference proceedings / Browse all Workshops alphabetically]\""},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/152961636","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/155382942","external_links_name":"2"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/265164214","external_links_name":"3"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/1091754861","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987011427656905171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81003223","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joint_Computer_Conference&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spui_(Amsterdam)
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Spui (Amsterdam)
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["1 Works of art","2 Notable buildings","3 References"]
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Coordinates: 52°22′07″N 4°53′22″E / 52.36861°N 4.88944°E / 52.36861; 4.88944This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Spui" Amsterdam – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
SpuiSpui in 2008LocationAmsterdam, NetherlandsNearest metro stationRokinCoordinates52°22′07″N 4°53′22″E / 52.36861°N 4.88944°E / 52.36861; 4.88944
The Spui (Dutch pronunciation: ⓘ. In Old Dutch written as Spuy) is a square in the centre of Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands.
The Spui was originally a body of water that formed the southern limit of the city until the 1420s, when the Singel canal was dug as an outer moat around the city. A spui is a lockable water discharge. The word is related to the Dutch verbs spuiten and spuwen, cognates of the English word spewing. Spui could therefore be translated as Spew. In 1882 the Spui was filled in and became the square that we know today. In 1996 the square was renovated and is now largely car-free.
The Spui is hosts a weekly book market on Fridays and a variety of bookstores on or near the square, including two shops dedicated to English-language literature (the American Book Center relocated to the Spui in October 2006). There is also a weekly Sunday art market.
The Spui provides entry to the Begijnhof, a Medieval courtyard.
Tram lines 1 and 2 stop at Spui on Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal and tram lines 4, 14 and 24 and stop at the southern entrance of the Rokin metro station located just across Spui.
Works of art
A small statue, Het Lieverdje ("The Little Darling"), stands on the square. The statue represents the youth of Amsterdam, always playing pranks yet with a heart of gold. He was a gift to the city from a cigarette company in 1960. In the 1960s, the Provo counterculture movement held weekly gatherings around the statue.
Also located at the Spui is the work of Lawrence Weiner, Een vertaling van de ene taal in de andere (A Translation from one language to another), three pairs of two stones placed against each other, located at different places of the square. Each pair presents the sentence in Dutch on one side, and on the other side in English, Arabic and Surinaams respectively.
Notable buildings
The Maagdenhuis (1780), the headquarters of the University of Amsterdam.
Arti et Amicitiae (1841), an artists' society and art gallery at the corner of Rokin and Spui, designed in part by Berlage.
Gebouw Helios (1895–96) at Spui 15-19, in Art Nouveau style. The design by Gerrit van Arkel won third prize in the architects' competition at the 1900 World's Fair in Paris.
The Oude Lutherse Kerk (1632–1633), the Old Lutheran Church, across the Singel canal.
Spui 10 (1891-1892), a former department store building built in eclectic style designed by Eduard Cuypers
Spui in 1817 by Gerrit Lamberts (1776-1850)
The statue Het Lieverdje
The English/Dutch piece of Een vertaling van de ene taal in de andere
The Helios building
Spui in the centre of Amsterdam, summer 2013
Spui 10
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Spui, Amsterdam.
^ a b c d Martin Dunford (2010). The Rough Guide to The Netherlands. Penguin. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-84836-882-8.
^ "Lawrence Weiner's Challenge to Object Status of Painting and Sculpture". Retrieved 1 April 2012.
vteParks and squares in AmsterdamSee also: List of parks and List of squaresParks
Amstelpark
Amsterdamse Bos
Botanic Garden Zuidas
Flevopark
Hortus Botanicus
Oosterpark
Rembrandtpark
Sarphatipark
Vondelpark
Westerpark
Squares
Dam Square
Dijkgraafplein
Koningsplein
Leidseplein
Marie Heinekenplein
Markenplein
Muntplein
Museumplein
Nieuwmarkt
Noordermarkt
Oudekerksplein
Rembrandtplein
Spui
Waterlooplein
vteFormer canals of Amsterdam
Martelaarsgracht
Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal
Nieuwezijds Achterburgwal (now Spuistraat)
Spui
Markengracht
Houtgracht (now Waterlooplein)
Leprozengracht (now Waterlooplein)
Vijzelgracht
Palmgracht
Lindengracht
Goudsbloemgracht (now Willemsstraat)
Anjeliersgracht (now Westerstraat)
Rozengracht
Elandsgracht
Old maps: Anon (1300) Cornelis Anthonisz.(1538) Pieter Bast (1597) Balthasar van Berckenrode (1625) Daniel Stalpaert (1662)Gerrit de Broen (1737) W B. Clarke (1835)
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[spœy]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Nl-spui.ogg/Nl-spui.ogg.mp3"},{"link_name":"ⓘ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nl-spui.ogg"},{"link_name":"Amsterdam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam"},{"link_name":"Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands"},{"link_name":"Singel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singel_(Amsterdam)"},{"link_name":"cognates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognates"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dunford2010-1"},{"link_name":"Begijnhof","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begijnhof,_Amsterdam"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dunford2010-1"},{"link_name":"Tram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Tram"},{"link_name":"Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwezijds_Voorburgwal"},{"link_name":"Rokin metro station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rokin_metro_station"}],"text":"The Spui (Dutch pronunciation: [spœy] ⓘ. In Old Dutch written as Spuy) is a square in the centre of Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands.The Spui was originally a body of water that formed the southern limit of the city until the 1420s, when the Singel canal was dug as an outer moat around the city. A spui is a lockable water discharge. The word is related to the Dutch verbs spuiten and spuwen, cognates of the English word spewing. Spui could therefore be translated as Spew. In 1882 the Spui was filled in and became the square that we know today. In 1996 the square was renovated and is now largely car-free.The Spui is hosts a weekly book market on Fridays and a variety of bookstores[1] on or near the square, including two shops dedicated to English-language literature (the American Book Center relocated to the Spui in October 2006). There is also a weekly Sunday art market.The Spui provides entry to the Begijnhof, a Medieval courtyard.[1]Tram lines 1 and 2 stop at Spui on Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal and tram lines 4, 14 and 24 and stop at the southern entrance of the Rokin metro station located just across Spui.","title":"Spui (Amsterdam)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dunford2010-1"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Provo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provo_(movement)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dunford2010-1"},{"link_name":"Lawrence Weiner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Weiner"},{"link_name":"Dutch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_language"},{"link_name":"English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language"},{"link_name":"Arabic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic"},{"link_name":"Surinaams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinaams"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-artattler-2"}],"text":"A small statue, Het Lieverdje (\"The Little Darling\"), stands on the square.[1] The statue represents the youth of Amsterdam, always playing pranks yet with a heart of gold.[citation needed] He was a gift to the city from a cigarette company in 1960. In the 1960s, the Provo counterculture movement held weekly gatherings around the statue.[1]Also located at the Spui is the work of Lawrence Weiner, Een vertaling van de ene taal in de andere (A Translation from one language to another), three pairs of two stones placed against each other, located at different places of the square. Each pair presents the sentence in Dutch on one side, and on the other side in English, Arabic and Surinaams respectively.[2]","title":"Works of art"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Maagdenhuis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maagdenhuis_(Amsterdam)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"University of Amsterdam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam"},{"link_name":"Berlage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Petrus_Berlage"},{"link_name":"Art Nouveau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Nouveau"},{"link_name":"Gerrit van Arkel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrit_van_Arkel"},{"link_name":"World's Fair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_Fair"},{"link_name":"Paris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris"},{"link_name":"Oude Lutherse Kerk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oude_Lutherse_Kerk_(Amsterdam)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Singel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singel_(Amsterdam)"},{"link_name":"Eduard Cuypers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Cuypers"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gerrit_Lamberts_(1776-1850),_Afb_010097001590.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spui_5.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lieverdje_Amsterdam.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amsterdam_Lawrence_Weiner_Translation.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spui_helios.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spui-district-Amsterdam-Summer-2013.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RM518462_Spui_10.jpg"}],"text":"The Maagdenhuis (1780), the headquarters of the University of Amsterdam.\nArti et Amicitiae (1841), an artists' society and art gallery at the corner of Rokin and Spui, designed in part by Berlage.\nGebouw Helios (1895–96) at Spui 15-19, in Art Nouveau style. The design by Gerrit van Arkel won third prize in the architects' competition at the 1900 World's Fair in Paris.\nThe Oude Lutherse Kerk (1632–1633), the Old Lutheran Church, across the Singel canal.\nSpui 10 (1891-1892), a former department store building built in eclectic style designed by Eduard CuypersSpui in 1817 by Gerrit Lamberts (1776-1850)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe statue Het Lieverdje\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe English/Dutch piece of Een vertaling van de ene taal in de andere\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe Helios building\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSpui in the centre of Amsterdam, summer 2013\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSpui 10","title":"Notable buildings"}]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_towers
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List of tallest towers
|
["1 Entirely self-supported towers","1.1 Towers taller than 250 meters","1.2 Towers between 200 and 250 metres tall","1.3 Towers between 150 and 200 metres tall","1.4 Towers between 100 and 150 metres tall","2 Towers proposed or under construction","2.1 Diagram","2.2 Timeline of tallest towers","3 See also","4 References"]
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For other tall constructions, see List of tallest buildings, List of tallest structures, List of tallest buildings and structures, and List of tallest freestanding structures.
The Tokyo Skytree in Tokyo, Japan has been the tallest tower since 2012.
This list includes extant structures that fulfill the engineering definition of a tower: "a tall human structure, always taller than it is wide, for public or regular operational access by humans, but not for living in or office work, and which is self-supporting or free-standing, meaning no guy-wires for support." This definition excludes continuously habitable buildings and skyscrapers as well as radio and TV masts. Also excluded, because they are not designed for public or regular operational access, are bridge towers or pylons, wind turbines, chimneys, transmission towers, sculptures and most large statues and obelisks.
Towers are most often built to use their height for various purposes, and can stand alone or as part of a larger structure. Some common purposes are for telecommunications, and as a viewing platform.
The Tokyo Skytree, completed in 2012, is 634 m (2,080 ft), making it the tallest tower in the world.
Entirely self-supported towers
Tokyo SkytreeCanton TowerCN TowerOstankino Tower↑Oriental Pearl TowerMilad TowerKuala Lumpur TowerTianjin Radio and Television Tower↙︎Central Radio & TV Tower→class=notpageimage| Towers taller than 400 m and their locations
Towers taller than 250 meters
bold
Denotes tower that is or was once the tallest in the world
Rank
Name
Pinnacle height
Year
Structure
Country
City
Remarks
1
Tokyo Skytree
634 m (2,080 ft)
2012
Steel
Japan
Tokyo
Tallest tower in the world since 2010
2
Canton Tower
604 m (1,982 ft)
2010
Steel & concrete
China
Guangzhou
Was briefly the tallest tower in the world in 2010. Second tallest tower in the world.
3
CN Tower
553.3 m (1,815 ft)
1976
Concrete
Canada
Toronto
Tallest freestanding structure in the world 1975–2007, and the world's tallest tower until 2009; tallest in the western hemisphere
4
Ostankino Tower
540.1 m (1,772 ft)
1967
Russia
Moscow
Tallest freestanding structure in the world, 1967–75; tallest in Europe
5
Oriental Pearl Tower
468 m (1,535 ft)
1994
Concrete
China
Shanghai
Tallest in China 1994–2007
6
Milad Tower
435 m (1,427 ft)
2008
Iran
Tehran
Tallest in the Middle East and West Asia
7
Kuala Lumpur Tower
421 m (1,381 ft)
1994
Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur
Tallest in Malaysia & South East Asia.
8
Tianjin Radio and Television Tower
415.2 m (1,362 ft)
1991
China
Tianjin
Tallest in Asia 1991–1994, tallest in North China
9
Central Radio and TV Tower
405 m (1,329 ft)
1992
Beijing
10
Zhongyuan Tower
388 m (1,273 ft)
2011
Steel
Zhengzhou
11
Kyiv TV Tower
385 m (1,263 ft)
1973
Lattice Tower
Ukraine
Kyiv
Disabled by a Russian missile strike during the Battle of Kyiv on 1 March 2022. The tower remains standing. Extent of damage unknown.
12
Tashkent Tower
374.9 m (1,230 ft)
1985
Steel
Uzbekistan
Tashkent
Tallest in Central Asia
13
Liberation Tower
372 m (1,220 ft)
1996
Concrete
Kuwait
Kuwait City
14
Almaty Tower
371.5 m (1,219 ft)
1983
Steel
Kazakhstan
Almaty
15
Riga Radio and TV Tower
368.5 m (1,209 ft)
1986
Latvia
Riga
Tallest in the European Union
16
Berliner Fernsehturm
368.03 m (1,207.4 ft)
1969
Concrete
Germany
Berlin
Tallest structure in Germany. Built during East-German times
17
Çamlıca Tower
365.5 m (1,199 ft)
2020
Turkey
Istanbul
18
Colombo Lotus Tower
351.5 m (1,153 ft)
2019
Sri Lanka
Colombo
Tallest structure in South Asia
19
The Strat
350.2 m (1,149 ft)
1996
United States
Las Vegas
Tallest observation tower in the United States
20
West Pearl Tower
339 m (1,112 ft)
2004
China
Chengdu
21
Macau Tower
338 m (1,109 ft)
2001
China
Macau
22
Europaturm
337.5 m (1,107 ft)
1979
Germany
Frankfurt
23
Dragon Tower
336 m (1,102 ft)
2000
Lattice Tower
China
Harbin
24
Tokyo Tower
332.6 m (1,091 ft)
1958
Lattice Tower
Japan
Tokyo
Tallest in the world 1958–67
25
Arqiva Tower (Emley Moor)
330.4 m (1,084 ft)
1971
Concrete
United Kingdom
Emley
Tallest freestanding structure in the United Kingdom
26
Eiffel Tower
330 m (1,080 ft)
1889
Lattice Tower
France
Paris
First to surpass 300 metres; tallest tower in the world 1889–1956 and again from 1957-1958 with the addition of its antennae.
27
Huai'an TV Tower
329.8 m (1,082 ft)
2015
China
Huaiyin
28
Sky Tower (Auckland)
328 m (1,076 ft)
1997
New Zealand
Auckland
Tallest freestanding structure in the Southern Hemisphere from 1996 to 2022
29
Vilnius TV Tower
326.5 m (1,071 ft)
1980
Lithuania
Vilnius
30=
Linyi Radio & TV Tower
326 m (1,070 ft)
2010
Steel
China
Linyi
30=
Saint Petersburg TV Tower
326 m (1,070 ft)
1962
Lattice Tower
Russia
Saint Petersburg
34
Rameswaram TV Tower
323 m (1,060 ft)
1995
Concrete
India
Rameswaram
35
Jiangsu Nanjing TV Tower
318.5 m (1,045 ft)
1996
China
Nanjing
37
Tallinn TV Tower
314 m (1,030 ft)
1980
Concrete
Estonia
Tallinn
38
Yerevan TV Tower
311.7 m (1,023 ft)
1977
Lattice Tower
Armenia
Yerevan
39
Tortoise Mountain TV Tower
311.4 m (1,022 ft)
1986
Concrete
China
Wuhan
China's first self-supported TV tower
40
Baku TV Tower
310 m (1,020 ft)
1996
Azerbaijan
Baku
41
Sydney Tower
305 m (1,001 ft)
1981
Australia
Sydney
42
Liaoning Broadcast and TV Tower
305.5 m (1,002 ft)
1989
China
Shenyang
44=
Jaisalmer TV Tower
300 m (984 ft)
1993
India
Jaisalmer
44=
Samatra TV Tower
300 m (984 ft)
1999
India
Bhuj
44=
VRT Toren
300 m (984 ft)
1996
Belgium
Sint-Pieters-Leeuw
48
Zhuzhou Television Tower
293 m (961 ft)
1999
Lattice Tower
China
Zhuzhou
49
Fernmeldeturm Nürnberg
292 m (958 ft)
1977
Concrete
Germany
Nuremberg
50
Olympiaturm
289.5 m (950 ft)
1968
Munich
51
Telemax
282.2 m (926 ft)
1992
Hannover
52
Shijiazhuang TV Tower
280 m (920 ft)
1998
Lattice Tower
China
Shijiazhuang
53
Heinrich-Hertz-Turm
279.7 m (918 ft)
1968
Concrete
Germany
Hamburg
54
Central Plains Pearl TV Tower
278 m (912 ft)
1998
Steel
China
Luoyang
56
Georgia Tbilisi TV Broadcasting Tower
274.5 m (901 ft)
1972
Georgia
Tbilisi
57
Hillbrow Tower
269 m (883 ft)
1971
Concrete
South Africa
Johannesburg
Tallest in Africa
58
Kaifeng TV Tower
268 m (879 ft)
1995
China
Kaifeng
59
Colonius
266 m (873 ft)
1981
Germany
Cologne
60
Minaret of Djamaa el Djazaïr
265 m (869 ft)
2019
Algeria
Algiers
61
Novorossiysk TV Tower
261.5 m (858 ft)
1996
Russia
Novorossiysk
62
Daqing Radio and Television Tower
260 m (850 ft)
1989
Lattice tower
China
Daqing
63=
Olympic Park Observation Tower
258 m (846 ft)
2014
China
Beijing
64
Endem TV Tower
257 m (843 ft)
2008
Concrete
Turkey
Istanbul
66
Fernmeldeturm Kühkopf
255 m (837 ft)
1976
Concrete
Germany
Koblenz
67=
Donauturm
252 m (827 ft)
1964
Austria
Vienna
67=
Fernsehturm Dresden-Wachwitz
252 m (827 ft)
1969
Germany
Dresden
Towers between 200 and 250 metres tall
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Please read the list criteria in the introduction before adding any entry.
Tower
Pinnacle height
Year
Country
City
Remarks
St. Chrischona Tower
250 m
1984
Switzerland
Bettingen
Jeddah TV Tower
250 m
2006
Saudi Arabia
Jeddah
TK Elevator Test Tower
246 m
2017
Germany
Rottweil
Shaanxi Provincial TV Tower
245 m
1987
China
Xi'an
Rheinturm Düsseldorf
240.5 m
1981
Germany
Düsseldorf
Was 234.2 m before another antenna was mounted in 2004
N Seoul Tower
239.7 m
1975
South Korea
Seoul
Foshan TV Tower
238 m
1995
China
Foshan
Sentech Tower
237 m
1962
South Africa
Johannesburg
Bremen-Walle Telecommunication Tower
235.7 m
1986
Germany
Bremen-Walle
Pitampura TV Tower
235 m
1988
India
Delhi
Fukuoka Tower
234 m
1989
Japan
Fukuoka
Qingdao TV Tower
232 m
1994
China
Qingdao
Torrespaña
231 m
1982
Spain
Madrid
Tower of the Americas
228.6 m
1968
United States
San Antonio, Texas
Torre Espacial
228 m
1980
Argentina
Buenos Aires
Katanga TV Tower
225 m
1992
India
Jabalpur
Brasília TV Tower
224 m
1965
Brazil
Brasília
Buková hora TV Tower
223 m
1975
Czech Republic
Bukova hora
Fernmeldeturm Münster 42
222.5 m
1986
Germany
Münster
Florianturm
219.6 m
1959
Germany
Dortmund
Jilin Radio and TV Tower
218 m
1997
China
Jilin
Guangzhou TV Tower
1991
Guangzhou
Fernsehturm Stuttgart
216.8 m
1956
Germany
Stuttgart-Degerloch
World's first concrete TV tower
Prague - Žižkov Television Tower
216 m
1992
Czech Republic
Prague
Yuryuzan TV Tower
213 m
?
Russia
Yuryuzan
Zlatoust TV Tower
213 m
1983
Russia
Zlatoust
Fernmeldeturm Mannheim
212.8 m
1975
Germany
Mannheim
Fernmeldeturm Berlin
212 m
1964
Germany
Berlin
Turkmenistan Broadcasting Centre
211 m
2011
Turkmenistan
Ashgabat
Minaret of Hassan II Mosque
210 m
1993
Morocco
Casablanca
Ujudvar TV Tower
206 m
1972
Hungary
Ujudvar
Baghdad Tower
205 m
1994
Iraq
Baghdad
Formerly International Saddam Tower
Donnersberg TV Tower
204.82 m
1962
Germany
Donnersberg
Avala TV Tower
204.5 m
1965
Serbia
Avala, near Belgrade
Destroyed in NATO bombing on 29 April 1999; reconstruction completed October 2009; tallest in the Balkans
Rousse TV Tower
204 m
1987
Bulgaria
Rousse
TV tower Helpterberge
203.2 m
1981
Germany
Helpterberge
Woobang Tower
202 m
1992
South Korea
Daegu
Towers between 150 and 200 metres tall
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Please read the list criteria in the introduction before adding any entry.
Tower
Pinnacle height
Year
Country
City
Remarks
Xuzhou TV Tower
199 m
1990
China
Xuzhou
Zendmast Roermond
197.7 m
1957
Netherlands
Roermond
Dushanbe TV Tower
197 m
1970
Tajikistan
Dushanbe
KPN Tower Hilversum
196 m
1973
Netherlands
Hilversum
Bantiger TV Tower
196 m
1996
Switzerland
Bolligen
Sky Tower Nishitōkyō
195 m
1988
Japan
Nishitōkyō, Tokyo
Telstra Tower
1980
Australia
Canberra
Kamzik TV Tower
194 m
1975
Slovakia
Bratislava
KPN-Zendmast Waalhaven
191.5 m
1962
Netherlands
Rotterdam-Waalhaven
Funkturm Leipzig
191 m
2015
Germany
Leipzig
Dalian Radio and TV Tower
190.5 m
1990
China
Dalian
Calgary Tower
190 m
1967
Canada
Calgary
BT Tower
189 m
1964
United Kingdom
London
Kuantan 188
188 m
2020
Malaysia
Kuantan
Tallest tower on east coast of Malaysia
Cairo Tower
187 m
1961
Egypt
Cairo
Telecom Italia Tower Rozzano
1990
Italy
Rozzano - Milan
Kuwait Towers
1979
Kuwait
Kuwait City
Vitosha Mountain TV Tower
186 m
1985
Bulgaria
Vitosha Mountain
Euromast
186 m
1962
Netherlands
Rotterdam
Monument to the Constitution
185 m
2011
Turkmenistan
Ashgabat
TV tower Decquede
184.5 m
1959
Germany
Dequede
Space Needle
184 m
1962
United States
Seattle
Brasília Digital TV Tower
182 m
2012
Brazil
Brasília, DF
Nagoya TV Tower
180 m
1954
Japan
Nagoya
PL Peace Tower
1970
Tondabayashi
Hošťálkovice transmitter
1979
Czech Republic
Ostrava
Samut Prakan Observation Tower
179.55 m
2017
Thailand
Samut Prakan
Telecommunication Tower Bungsberg
179 m
1977
Germany
Bungsberg
Löffelstelz Transmitter
2000
Germany
Bad Mergentheim
Monte da Virgem Tower
177 m
?
Portugal
Vila Nova de Gaia
Pécs TV Tower
176 m
1973
Hungary
Pécs
Olympic Stadium tower
175.3 m
1987
Canada
Montreal
Highest inclined tower in the world, with its 45-degree angle.
Zendstation Markelo
174.4 m
?
Netherlands
Markelo
Fernmeldeturm Bödefeld
173 m
1968
Germany
Schmallenberg-Bödefeld
San Jacinto Monument
172.92 m / 567.31 ft
1939
United States
La Porte, Texas
World's tallest monumental column
Reunion Tower
170.7 m
1978
Dallas
Iriški Venac TV Tower
170 m
1975
Serbia
near Novi Sad
Juche Tower
1982
North Korea
Pyongyang
Riyadh TV Tower
1981
Saudi Arabia
Riyadh
Spinnaker Tower
2005
United Kingdom
Portsmouth
Washington Monument
169.3 m / 555 ft 5 in
1884
United States
Washington, DC
Observation level at 152 m; tallest in the world 1884–1889; oldest in this list
Zagreb TV Tower
169 m
1973
Croatia
Zagreb
Näsinneula Observation Tower
168 m
1971
Finland
Tampere
Located at Särkänniemi amusement park
Menara Alor Setar
165.5 m
1997
Malaysia
Alor Setar
The tallest structure in Alor Setar and Kedah.
Hünenburg Telecommunication Tower
165 m
1972
Germany
Bielefeld-Hühnenburg
Also known as Fernmeldeturm Teutoburger Wald
Las Vegas Eiffel Tower
164.6 m
1999
United States
Las Vegas
Replica of Eiffel Tower
Praděd TV Tower
162 m
1983
Czech Republic
Praděd Mountain
Brighton i360
2016
United Kingdom
Brighton
Thinnest tall tower in the world
Osaka Tower
160 m
1966
Japan
Osaka
Skylon Tower
1965
Canada
Niagara Falls
Blackpool Tower
158 m
1894
United Kingdom
Blackpool
Gold Tower
1988
Japan
Utazu, Kagawa
Snejanka tower
156 m
1978
Bulgaria
Pamporovo - Mount Snejanka
Also known as Pamporovo TV Tower
Kaknäs TV Tower
155 m
1964
Sweden
Stockholm
Funkturm Arsenal
1975
Austria
Vienna
Kaikyo Yume Tower
153 m
1996
Japan
Shimonoseki
BT Tower
152 m
1967
United Kingdom
Birmingham
Cathedral Tower
151 m (494 ft)
1971
United States
Cuyahoga Falls
Dubai Frame
150.24 m
2017
United Arab Emirates
Dubai
Funkturm Berlin
150 m
1926
Germany
Berlin
Only observation tower standing on insulators
Pyongyang TV Tower
1968
North Korea
Pyongyang
Galaţi TV Tower
1978
Romania
Galaţi
SM Seaside City Cebu Tower
2016
Philippines
Cebu City, Philippines
Towers between 100 and 150 metres tall
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Please read the list criteria in the introduction before adding any entry.
Tower
Pinnacle height
Year
Country
City
Remarks
Sapporo TV Tower
147.2 m
1957
Japan
Sapporo
Dobrich TV Tower
146 m
1979
Bulgaria
Dobrich
Pasilan linkkitorni
1983
Finland
Helsinki
Fallturm Bremen
1990
Germany
Bremen
Vasco da Gama Tower
145 m
1998
Portugal
Lisbon
Strasbourg Cathedral
144 m
1176–1439
France
Strasbourg
TVRI Tower
1982
Indonesia
Jakarta
Nozema Tower Wormer
1968
Netherlands
Wormer
Zigong TV Tower
143.6 m
1988
China
Zigong
Akita Port Tower Selion
1994
Japan
Akita
Heubach Telecommunication Tower
142.8 m
1965
Germany
Heubach
Jakobsberg Telecommunication Tower
142 m
1978
Germany
Porta Westfalica-Jakobsberg
Monte Mario Tower
140 m
?
Italy
Rome
Nozema Zendstation
139.5 m
1957
Netherlands
Mierlo
MAHA Tower Langkawi
138 m
2021
Malaysia
Langkawi
The tallest structure on the island of Langkawi.
Twin Arch 138
1995
Japan
Ichinomiya
Goes TV Tower
137 m
1957
Netherlands
Goes
Also known as Nozema TV Tower Goes. Between 1957 and 2007 153 m tall.
Hohenstadt Transmission Tower
?
Germany
Hohenstadt
Monas
1975
Indonesia
Jakarta
Higashiyama Sky Tower
134 m
1989
Japan
Nagoya
Radio City Tower
1969
United Kingdom
Liverpool
KLIA2 Control Tower
133.8 m
2013
Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur
Tallest air-traffic control tower in the world
Mulleklenkes
133 m
1984
Germany
Aachen
Radio-DVB-T Transmission Tower de:Mulleklenkes
Nozema Zendstation The Hague
1965
Netherlands
The Hague
BKK Control Tower
132.2 m
2006
Thailand
Bang Phli
Second-tallest air-traffic control tower in the world
TV-toren Ittervoort
?
1989
Netherlands
Ittervoort
Kyoto Tower
131 m
1964
Japan
Kyoto
1000 Islands SkyDeck
130 m
1965
Canada
Hill Island, Ontario
TV Tower Nordhelle
1984
Germany
Nordhelle
Telecommunication tower Großerlach
1985
Großerlach
Zendstation Loon op Zand
1986
Netherlands
Loon op Zand
KUL Control Tower
1998
Malaysia
Kuala-Lumpur
Independence Monument
128 m
Turkmenistan
Ashgabat
Sanctuary of Our Lady of Licheń
128 m
2004
Poland
Licheń
Express Lift Tower
127.45 m
1980–82
United Kingdom
Northampton
Torre Entel
127.4 m
1974
Chile
Santiago
Glasgow Tower
127 m
2001
United Kingdom
Glasgow
Aliant Tower
127 m
1971
Canada
Moncton
Dreamworld Tower
126.5m
1997
Australia
Dreamworld, Coomera
Sender Inselsberg
126 m
1974
Germany
Inselsberg Mountain
Was 43.31 when constructed in 1939
Global Tower
125 m
1995
Japan
Beppu
FMT 6 - Brackenheim
?
Germany
Brackenheim
Chiba Port Tower
1986
Japan
Chiba
Atakule Tower
1989
Turkey
Ankara
Riga Radio Station
?
Latvia
Riga
Gatlinburg Space Needle
124 m
1970
United States
Gatlinburg
Tyholttårnet
1985
Norway
Trondheim
Banharn-Jamsai Tower
123.25 m
1994
Thailand
Suphan Buri
Salisbury Cathedral
123 m
1220–1320
United Kingdom
Salisbury
Mont Pèlerin TV Tower
122.6 m
1974
Switzerland
Mont Pèlerin
Pääskyvuoren linkkitorni
122 m
1964
Finland
Turku
Ginosa Water Tower
?
Italy
Ginosa
Zendstation Megen
121 m
1980
Netherlands
Megen
Fernmeldeturm Duisburg
Germany
Duisburg
Busan Tower
120 m
1973
South Korea
Busan
Gibloux Radio Tower
118.7 m
?
Switzerland
Sorens
Crossland Tower
118 m
1994
Japan
Oyabe, Toyama
Silistra TV Tower
117 m
1979
Bulgaria
Silistra
Lisebergstornet
116.1 m
1990
Sweden
Göteborg
Observation tower of la Cité de l'Énergie
115 m
?
Canada
Shawinigan, Quebec
Bernauer Birzel
115 m
?
Germany
Bernau
ArcelorMittal Orbit
114.001 m
2012
United Kingdom
London
Torrazzo of Cremona
112.7 m
1309
Italy
Cremona
Domtoren
112.5 m
1328
Netherlands
Utrecht
Free-standing medieval church tower, see also list of tallest churches
Bytków TV Tower
110 m
?
Poland
Siemianowice Śląskie
Tiger Sky Tower
2004
Singapore
Sentosa Island
Taming Sari Tower
2008
Malaysia
Melaka
First gyro tower in Malaysia, also the tallest gyro tower in Malaysia.
Exelberg Telecommunication Tower
109 m
Austria
Vienna
Torre Branca
108.6 m
1933
Italy
Milan
Casino Tower
108.2 m
1964
Canada
Niagara Falls
Kobe Port Tower
108 m
1963
Japan
Kobe
Tour Hertzienne TDF de Romainville
108 m
1984
France
Paris-Romainville
Also known as Tour Relais TDF
Goryokaku Tower
107 m
2006
Japan
Hakodate
Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial
1915
United States
Put-in-Bay, Ohio
World's most massive Doric column; fourth-tallest memorial in the U.S.
Torre Jaume I
1931
Spain
Barcelona
Connected with Torre Sant Sebastia by Port Vell Aerial Tramway
Bremerhaven Radar Tower
106.1 m
1965
Germany
Bremerhaven
Yokohama Marine Tower
106 m
1961
Japan
Yokohama
Borisova Gradina TV Tower
1959
Bulgaria
Sofia
Baiterek
105 m
2002
Kazakhstan
Nur-Sultan
Tsutenkaku
103 m
1956
Japan
Osaka
Scream
1992
Germany
Soltau - Heidepark
Gyro-Drop Tower
Total Tower
102.4 m
1994
United States
Denver
Atomium
102 m
1958
Belgium
Brussels
Roi Et Observation Tower
101 m
2020
Thailand
Roi Et
Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower
~100 m
1908
United Kingdom
Birmingham, England
Beppu Tower
1957
Japan
Beppu
Hakata Port Tower
1964
Japan
Fukuoka
Ještěd TV Tower
1968
Czech Republic
Jested
Hokkaido Centennial Monument
1970
Japan
Sapporo
Bazita Peak TV Tower
1975
Hungary
Zalaegerszeg
Holstein Tower
1988
Germany
Sierksdorf
Additionally guyed Gyro-Tower
Faro de Moncloa
1992
Spain
Madrid
Towers proposed or under construction
This is a list of towers that are proposed or under construction with a minimum height of 250m
Tower
Year
Country
City
Pinnacle height
Status
Function
Ref
Dubai Creek Tower
?
United Arab Emirates
Dubai
828+ m
on-hold
observation
Hanoi Broadcast Tower
?
Vietnam
Hanoi
636 m
vision
observation / telecommunications
Huanghe Landmark Tower
?
China
Lanzhou
588 m
proposed
observation / telecommunications
The Constellation
?
Qatar
Doha
500 m
vision
observation
Icon Siam Tower
?
Thailand
Bangkok
459 m
proposed
observation / telecommunications
Tower Infinity
?
South Korea
Incheon
448 m
under construction
observation
Holy Mosque Twin Minarets
?
Saudi Arabia
Mecca
420 m
under construction
religious
Vodno Telecommunication Tower
2024
North Macedonia
Skopje
155 m
under construction
observation / telecommunications
Malacca Tower
?
Malaysia
Malacca City
135 m
proposed
observation / telecommunications
Diagram
Timeline of tallest towers
From
To
Tower
Country
City
Pinnacle height
280 BC
1180 AD
Pharos Lighthouse
Egypt
Alexandria
122 m (400 ft)
1180
1240
Malmesbury Abbey Tower
United Kingdom
Malmesbury
131.3 m (431 ft)
1240
1311
Tower of Old St Paul's Cathedral
London
150 m (490 ft)
1311
1549
Tower of Lincoln Cathedral
Lincoln
159.7 m (524 ft)
1549
1647
Tower of St Mary's Church
Germany
Stralsund
151 m (495 ft)
1647
1874
Tower of Strasbourg Cathedral
France
Strasbourg
142 m (466 ft)
1874
1876
Tower of St. Nikolai
Germany
Hamburg
147 m (482 ft)
1876
1880
Tower of Rouen Cathedral
France
Rouen
151 m (495 ft)
1880
1884
Tower of Cologne Cathedral
Germany
Cologne
157.38 m (516.3 ft)
1884
1889
Washington Monument
United States
Washington, DC
169.3 m (555 ft)
1889
1956
Eiffel Tower
France
Paris
312.27 m (1,024.5 ft)
1957
1958
Eiffel Tower
France
Paris
320.75 m (1,052.3 ft)
1958
1967
Tokyo Tower
Japan
Tokyo
332.6 m (1,091 ft)
1967
1975
Ostankino Tower
Russia
Moscow
540.1 m (1,772 ft)
1975
2009
CN Tower
Canada
Toronto
553.33 m (1,815.4 ft)
2009
2011
Canton Tower
China
Guangzhou
604 m (1,982 ft)
2011
present
Tokyo Skytree
Japan
Tokyo
634 m (2,080 ft)
See also
List of tallest freestanding structures
Lattice tower
Partially guyed tower
Additionally guyed tower
List of tallest church buildings
List of tallest crosses
List of tallest structures
List of fire lookout towers
Smog tower
Karla Tower
References
^ ctbuh. "CTBUH Criteria for Defining and Measuring Tall Buildings". www.ctbuh.org. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
^ Gerometta, Marshall. "Height: The History of Measuring Tall Buildings". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. CTBUH. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
^ "World's Tallest Tower Rises in Tokyo". 29 November 2011. Archived from the original on November 29, 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
^ "The Eiffel Tower grows to 330 meters tall!". Eiffel Tower Official website. 15 March 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
^ "Huai'an TV Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2021-01-06.
^ "Huai'an TV Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021.
^ "Linyi Radio & TV Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
^ "Linyi Radio and TV Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021.
^ "Yerevan TV Tower". Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
^ "Shijiazhuang TV Tower". CTBUH. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
^ "Central Plains Pearl TV Tower". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.
^ "1263911". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2021-01-09.
^ "TV-Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 7, 2022.
^ "Jilin Radio and TV Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2021-01-08.
^ a b "Телевизионные объекты РТРС в Челябинской области". 2018-05-13. Archived from the original on 2016-11-19. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
^ "Ujudvar TV Tower". Emporis.
^ "Sender Donnersberg". Emporis.
^ "Woobang Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13.
^ "Xuzhou TV Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
^ "Dalian Radio & TV Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
^ "(Un)Constitutional Monument". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 20 May 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
^ "Duke of Edinburgh officially opens Brighton's i360 tower". BBC News. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
^ "Dubai Frame". Emporis. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
^ "Tallest airport control tower". Retrieved 4 April 2017.
^ "TV Toren Ittervoort - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2023-08-05.
^ "Independence Monument". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
^ "ArcelorMittal Orbit". Emporis. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
^ "Casino Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
^ "Baiterek". Emporis. Archived from the original on February 19, 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
^ "Atomium". Emporis. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
^ "Dubai Creek Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
^ "Hanoi Broadcast Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
^ "Huanghe Landmark Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
^ "Icon Siam Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
^ "Cheongna City International Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
^ "Holy Mosque Twin Minaret 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
^ "Telecommunication Tower on Vodno, Skopje".
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Lists
100+ floors
Architects
Buildings by height to roof
Cities with most skyscrapers
Countries with most skyscrapers
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Designed by women
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Most expensive
Residential
Skyscrapers by floor area
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Voluntarily demolished
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Structures(of any type)By region
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Germany
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Lists
300 to 400 metres
400 to 500 metres
Before the 20th century
Bridges
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Statues
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Twin structures
Relatedtopics
Additionally guyed tower
Air traffic obstacle
All buildings and structures
Antenna height considerations
Architectural engineering
Construction
Early skyscrapers
Fires
Groundscraper
Height restriction laws
List of visionary tall buildings and structures
Oil platform
Partially guyed tower
Tower block
vteSupertall structuresItalics indicate structures under constructionTowers
Almaty Tower
Aspire Tower
Bailong Elevator
Baku TV Tower
Berliner Fernsehturm
Canton Tower
China Central Radio & TV Tower
CN Tower
Dragon Tower
Eiffel Tower
Emley Moor transmitting station
Europaturm
Fazilka TV Tower
Gerbrandy Tower
Indosiar Television Tower
Jaisalmer TV Tower
Jiangsu Nanjing Broadcast Television Tower
KCTV Tower
Kyiv TV Tower
Kuala Lumpur Tower
Liaoning Broadcast and TV Tower
Liberation Tower
Lotus Tower
Macau Tower
Milad Tower
Mumbai Television Tower
N Seoul Tower
Oriental Pearl Tower
Ostankino Tower
Pitampura TV Tower
Rameswaram TV Tower
Riga Radio and TV Tower
Saint Petersburg TV Tower
Samatra TV Tower
Sint-Pieters-Leeuw Tower
Sky Tower
Strat Tower
Sydney Tower
Taipei 101
Tallinn TV Tower
Tashkent Tower
Tbilisi TV Broadcasting Tower
Tianjin Radio and Television Tower
Tokyo Skytree
Tokyo Tower
Torreta de Guardamar
Tortoise Mountain TV Tower
Turner Broadcasting tower
TVRI Tower
Vilnius TV Tower
Vinnytsia TV Mast
West Pearl Tower
WHDH-TV tower
WITI TV Tower
WSB-TV tower
Yerevan TV Tower
Zhongyuan Tower
Bridges
Millau Viaduct (343 m)
1915 Çanakkale Bridge (334 m)
Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge (322 m)
Russky Bridge (321 m)
Sutong Yangtze River Bridge (306 m)
Dams
Shuangjiangkou Dam (312 m)
Jinping-I Dam (305 m)
Nurek Dam (300 m)
Electricity pylons
Jintang-Cezi Overhead Powerline Link (380 m)
Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie (370 m)
Yangtze River power line crossings (346.5 m)
Oil platforms
Petronius (640 m)
Baldpate Platform (579.7 m)
Bullwinkle (529.1 m)
Pompano (477 m)
Troll A platform (472 m)
BBLT (512m)
Gullfaks C (380 m)
Tallest structures
Tallest buildings and structures
Tallest freestanding structures
vteStructural extremesTallest
Buildings
Bridges
Chimneys
Churches
Orthodox
Dams
Domes
Educational
Flagpoles
Freestanding
Hospitals
Hotels
Lighthouses
Oil platforms
Residential
Statues
Structures
Towers
clock
cooling
Twin buildings and structures
Wood
Cities with the most skyscrapers
Largest
Buildings
Churches
City squares
Dams
Domes
Hindu temples
Hotels
Mosques
Palace
Power stations
hydroelectric
Shopping malls
Urban parks
Longest
Buildings
Bridges
arched
cable-stayed
cantilevered
continuous truss
masonry arch
suspension
Churches
Tunnels
longest by type
railway
road
subway tunnel sections
Ring roads
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"List of tallest buildings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings"},{"link_name":"List of tallest structures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures"},{"link_name":"List of tallest buildings and structures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures"},{"link_name":"List of tallest freestanding structures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_freestanding_structures"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2019_Tokyo_Skytree.jpg"},{"link_name":"Tokyo Skytree","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Skytree"},{"link_name":"tower","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower"},{"link_name":"guy-wires","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy-wire"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"buildings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building"},{"link_name":"skyscrapers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyscraper"},{"link_name":"radio and TV masts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyed_mast"},{"link_name":"bridge towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_bridges"},{"link_name":"wind turbines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine"},{"link_name":"chimneys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_chimneys"},{"link_name":"transmission towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_tower"},{"link_name":"statues","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_statues"},{"link_name":"obelisks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obelisks"},{"link_name":"telecommunications","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications"},{"link_name":"Tokyo Skytree","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Skytree"}],"text":"For other tall constructions, see List of tallest buildings, List of tallest structures, List of tallest buildings and structures, and List of tallest freestanding structures.The Tokyo Skytree in Tokyo, Japan has been the tallest tower since 2012.This list includes extant structures that fulfill the engineering definition of a tower: \"a tall human structure, always taller than it is wide, for public or regular operational access by humans, but not for living in or office work, and which is self-supporting or free-standing, meaning no guy-wires for support.\"[1][2][3] This definition excludes continuously habitable buildings and skyscrapers as well as radio and TV masts. Also excluded, because they are not designed for public or regular operational access, are bridge towers or pylons, wind turbines, chimneys, transmission towers, sculptures and most large statues and obelisks.Towers are most often built to use their height for various purposes, and can stand alone or as part of a larger structure. Some common purposes are for telecommunications, and as a viewing platform.The Tokyo Skytree, completed in 2012, is 634 m (2,080 ft), making it the tallest tower in the world.","title":"List of tallest towers"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_location_map_(equirectangular_180).svg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Skytree"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Tower"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CN_Tower"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostankino_Tower"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Pearl_Tower"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milad_Tower"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Tower"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianjin_Radio_and_Television_Tower"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Radio_%26_TV_Tower"},{"link_name":"class=notpageimage|","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_location_map_(equirectangular_180).svg"}],"text":"Tokyo SkytreeCanton TowerCN TowerOstankino Tower↑Oriental Pearl TowerMilad TowerKuala Lumpur TowerTianjin Radio and Television Tower↙︎Central Radio & TV Tower→class=notpageimage| Towers taller than 400 m and their locations","title":"Entirely self-supported towers"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Towers taller than 250 meters","title":"Entirely self-supported towers"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"dynamic list","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists"},{"link_name":"adding missing items","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_tallest_towers"},{"link_name":"reliable sources","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources"}],"sub_title":"Towers between 200 and 250 metres tall","text":"This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.Please read the list criteria in the introduction before adding any entry.","title":"Entirely self-supported towers"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"dynamic list","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists"},{"link_name":"adding missing items","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_tallest_towers"},{"link_name":"reliable sources","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources"}],"sub_title":"Towers between 150 and 200 metres tall","text":"This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.Please read the list criteria in the introduction before adding any entry.","title":"Entirely self-supported towers"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"dynamic list","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists"},{"link_name":"adding missing items","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_tallest_towers"},{"link_name":"reliable sources","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources"}],"sub_title":"Towers between 100 and 150 metres tall","text":"This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.Please read the list criteria in the introduction before adding any entry.","title":"Entirely self-supported towers"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"This is a list of towers that are proposed or under construction with a minimum height of 250m","title":"Towers proposed or under construction"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Diagram","title":"Towers proposed or under construction"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Timeline of tallest towers","title":"Towers proposed or under construction"}]
|
[{"image_text":"The Tokyo Skytree in Tokyo, Japan has been the tallest tower since 2012.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2019_Tokyo_Skytree.jpg/220px-2019_Tokyo_Skytree.jpg"},{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tallest_towers_in_the_world.svg/700px-Tallest_towers_in_the_world.svg.png"}]
|
[{"title":"List of tallest freestanding structures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_freestanding_structures"},{"title":"Lattice tower","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_tower"},{"title":"Partially guyed tower","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partially_guyed_tower"},{"title":"Additionally guyed tower","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additionally_guyed_tower"},{"title":"List of tallest church buildings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_church_buildings"},{"title":"List of tallest crosses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_crosses"},{"title":"List of tallest structures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures"},{"title":"List of fire lookout towers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fire_lookout_towers"},{"title":"Smog tower","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smog_tower"},{"title":"Karla Tower","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karla_Tower"}]
|
[{"reference":"ctbuh. \"CTBUH Criteria for Defining and Measuring Tall Buildings\". www.ctbuh.org. Retrieved 5 October 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ctbuh.org/HighRiseInfo/TallestDatabase/Criteria/tabid/446/language/en-GB/Default.aspx","url_text":"\"CTBUH Criteria for Defining and Measuring Tall Buildings\""}]},{"reference":"Gerometta, Marshall. \"Height: The History of Measuring Tall Buildings\". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. CTBUH. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170820074715/http://ctbuh.org/AboutCTBUH/History/MeasuringTall/tabid/1320/language/en-US/Default.aspx","url_text":"\"Height: The History of Measuring Tall Buildings\""},{"url":"http://www.ctbuh.org/AboutCTBUH/History/MeasuringTall/tabid/1320/language/en-US/Default.aspx","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"World's Tallest Tower Rises in Tokyo\". 29 November 2011. Archived from the original on November 29, 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111129192458/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/travelnews/2011/11/111128-worlds-tallest-tower-tokyo-travel/","url_text":"\"World's Tallest Tower Rises in Tokyo\""},{"url":"https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/travelnews/2011/11/111128-worlds-tallest-tower-tokyo-travel/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"The Eiffel Tower grows to 330 meters tall!\". Eiffel Tower Official website. 15 March 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.toureiffel.paris/en/news/events/eiffel-tower-grows-330-meters-tall","url_text":"\"The Eiffel Tower grows to 330 meters tall!\""}]},{"reference":"\"Huai'an TV Tower - The Skyscraper Center\". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2021-01-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/huaian-tv-tower/16633","url_text":"\"Huai'an TV Tower - The Skyscraper Center\""}]},{"reference":"\"Huai'an TV Tower\". Emporis. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210108115350/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1222963","url_text":"\"Huai'an TV Tower\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emporis","url_text":"Emporis"},{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1222963","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Linyi Radio & TV Tower\". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/wd/16070","url_text":"\"Linyi Radio & TV Tower\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Tall_Buildings_and_Urban_Habitat","url_text":"CTBUH Skyscraper Center"}]},{"reference":"\"Linyi Radio and TV Tower\". Emporis. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210108171423/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1263910","url_text":"\"Linyi Radio and TV Tower\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emporis","url_text":"Emporis"},{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1263910","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Yerevan TV Tower\". Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Retrieved 15 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/yerevan-tv-tower/9412","url_text":"\"Yerevan TV Tower\""}]},{"reference":"\"Shijiazhuang TV Tower\". CTBUH. Retrieved 2020-01-19.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/shijiazhuang-tv-tower/9426","url_text":"\"Shijiazhuang TV Tower\""}]},{"reference":"\"Central Plains Pearl TV Tower\". CTBUH Skyscraper Center.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/wd/9428","url_text":"\"Central Plains Pearl TV Tower\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Tall_Buildings_and_Urban_Habitat","url_text":"CTBUH Skyscraper Center"}]},{"reference":"\"1263911\". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2021-01-09.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210109150119/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1263911/luoyang-tv-tower-luoyang-china","url_text":"\"1263911\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emporis","url_text":"Emporis"},{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1263911/luoyang-tv-tower-luoyang-china","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"TV-Tower\". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 7, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220307123942/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/133807","url_text":"\"TV-Tower\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emporis","url_text":"Emporis"},{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/133807","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Jilin Radio and TV Tower\". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2021-01-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210108130921/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1263903/jilin-radio-and-tv-tower-changchun-china","url_text":"\"Jilin Radio and TV Tower\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emporis","url_text":"Emporis"},{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1263903/jilin-radio-and-tv-tower-changchun-china","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Телевизионные объекты РТРС в Челябинской области\". 2018-05-13. Archived from the original on 2016-11-19. Retrieved 2016-11-18.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161119064452/http://chelyabinsk.rtrs.ru/gallery/TVobjectsChelObl/","url_text":"\"Телевизионные объекты РТРС в Челябинской области\""},{"url":"http://chelyabinsk.rtrs.ru/gallery/TVobjectsChelObl/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Ujudvar TV Tower\". Emporis.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1226381","url_text":"\"Ujudvar TV Tower\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emporis","url_text":"Emporis"}]},{"reference":"\"Sender Donnersberg\". Emporis.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1218122","url_text":"\"Sender Donnersberg\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emporis","url_text":"Emporis"}]},{"reference":"\"Woobang Tower\". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210413023049/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/167597/woobang-tower-daegu-south-korea","url_text":"\"Woobang Tower\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emporis","url_text":"Emporis"},{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/167597/woobang-tower-daegu-south-korea","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Xuzhou TV Tower - The Skyscraper Center\". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2021-08-22.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/xuzhou-tv-tower/16067","url_text":"\"Xuzhou TV Tower - The Skyscraper Center\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dalian Radio & TV Tower\". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved 2021-08-22.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/104255/dalian-radio-tv-tower-dalian-china","url_text":"\"Dalian Radio & TV Tower\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210307154521/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/104255/dalian-radio-tv-tower-dalian-china","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"(Un)Constitutional Monument\". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 20 May 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rferl.org/a/unconstitutional_movement_turkmenistan/24181209.html","url_text":"\"(Un)Constitutional Monument\""}]},{"reference":"\"Duke of Edinburgh officially opens Brighton's i360 tower\". BBC News. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-sussex-37796411","url_text":"\"Duke of Edinburgh officially opens Brighton's i360 tower\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dubai Frame\". Emporis. Retrieved 25 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/338099/dubai-frame-dubai-united-arab-emirates","url_text":"\"Dubai Frame\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tallest airport control tower\". Retrieved 4 April 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-11000/tallest-airport-control-tower/","url_text":"\"Tallest airport control tower\""}]},{"reference":"\"TV Toren Ittervoort - The Skyscraper Center\". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2023-08-05.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/tv-toren-ittervoort/7919","url_text":"\"TV Toren Ittervoort - The Skyscraper Center\""}]},{"reference":"\"Independence Monument\". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160307025451/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/239929/independence-monument-ashkabad-turkmenistan","url_text":"\"Independence Monument\""},{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/239929/independence-monument-ashkabad-turkmenistan","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"ArcelorMittal Orbit\". Emporis. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150713180509/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/1174894/arcelormittal-orbit-london-united-kingdom","url_text":"\"ArcelorMittal Orbit\""},{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1174894/arcelormittal-orbit-london-united-kingdom","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Casino Tower\". Emporis. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210122061953/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/146952/casino-tower-niagara-falls-canada","url_text":"\"Casino Tower\""},{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/146952/casino-tower-niagara-falls-canada","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Baiterek\". Emporis. Archived from the original on February 19, 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200219102732/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/331157/baiterek-nur-sultan-kazakhstan","url_text":"\"Baiterek\""},{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/331157/baiterek-nur-sultan-kazakhstan","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Atomium\". Emporis. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160807070225/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/108947/atomium-brussels-belgium","url_text":"\"Atomium\""},{"url":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/108947/atomium-brussels-belgium","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Dubai Creek Tower - The Skyscraper Center\". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 27 December 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/the-tower-at-dubai-creek-harbour/23572","url_text":"\"Dubai Creek Tower - The Skyscraper Center\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hanoi Broadcast Tower - The Skyscraper Center\". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/hanoi-broadcast-tower/23858","url_text":"\"Hanoi Broadcast Tower - The Skyscraper Center\""}]},{"reference":"\"Huanghe Landmark Tower - The Skyscraper Center\". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/huanghe-landmark-tower/29669","url_text":"\"Huanghe Landmark Tower - The Skyscraper Center\""}]},{"reference":"\"Icon Siam Tower - The Skyscraper Center\". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/icon-siam-tower/18531","url_text":"\"Icon Siam Tower - The Skyscraper Center\""}]},{"reference":"\"Cheongna City International Tower - The Skyscraper Center\". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/cheongna-city-international-tower/8747","url_text":"\"Cheongna City International Tower - The Skyscraper Center\""}]},{"reference":"\"Holy Mosque Twin Minaret 1 - The Skyscraper Center\". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/holy-mosque-twin-minaret-1/17781","url_text":"\"Holy Mosque Twin Minaret 1 - The Skyscraper Center\""}]},{"reference":"\"Telecommunication Tower on Vodno, Skopje\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.usje.mk/en/about-us/projects-around-the-country/telecommunication-tower-on-vodno-skopje/","url_text":"\"Telecommunication Tower on Vodno, Skopje\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.sanjacinto-museum.org/About_Us/Media_Kit/Fact_Sheet/","external_links_name":"World's tallest monumental column"},{"Link":"http://www.ctbuh.org/HighRiseInfo/TallestDatabase/Criteria/tabid/446/language/en-GB/Default.aspx","external_links_name":"\"CTBUH Criteria for Defining and Measuring Tall Buildings\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170820074715/http://ctbuh.org/AboutCTBUH/History/MeasuringTall/tabid/1320/language/en-US/Default.aspx","external_links_name":"\"Height: The History of Measuring Tall Buildings\""},{"Link":"http://www.ctbuh.org/AboutCTBUH/History/MeasuringTall/tabid/1320/language/en-US/Default.aspx","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111129192458/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/travelnews/2011/11/111128-worlds-tallest-tower-tokyo-travel/","external_links_name":"\"World's Tallest Tower Rises in Tokyo\""},{"Link":"https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/travelnews/2011/11/111128-worlds-tallest-tower-tokyo-travel/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.toureiffel.paris/en/news/events/eiffel-tower-grows-330-meters-tall","external_links_name":"\"The Eiffel Tower grows to 330 meters tall!\""},{"Link":"https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/huaian-tv-tower/16633","external_links_name":"\"Huai'an TV Tower - The Skyscraper Center\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210108115350/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1222963","external_links_name":"\"Huai'an TV Tower\""},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1222963","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/wd/16070","external_links_name":"\"Linyi Radio & TV Tower\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210108171423/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1263910","external_links_name":"\"Linyi Radio and TV Tower\""},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1263910","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/yerevan-tv-tower/9412","external_links_name":"\"Yerevan TV Tower\""},{"Link":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/shijiazhuang-tv-tower/9426","external_links_name":"\"Shijiazhuang TV Tower\""},{"Link":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/wd/9428","external_links_name":"\"Central Plains Pearl TV Tower\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210109150119/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1263911/luoyang-tv-tower-luoyang-china","external_links_name":"\"1263911\""},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1263911/luoyang-tv-tower-luoyang-china","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220307123942/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/133807","external_links_name":"\"TV-Tower\""},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/133807","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210108130921/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1263903/jilin-radio-and-tv-tower-changchun-china","external_links_name":"\"Jilin Radio and TV Tower\""},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1263903/jilin-radio-and-tv-tower-changchun-china","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161119064452/http://chelyabinsk.rtrs.ru/gallery/TVobjectsChelObl/","external_links_name":"\"Телевизионные объекты РТРС в Челябинской области\""},{"Link":"http://chelyabinsk.rtrs.ru/gallery/TVobjectsChelObl/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1226381","external_links_name":"\"Ujudvar TV Tower\""},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1218122","external_links_name":"\"Sender Donnersberg\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210413023049/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/167597/woobang-tower-daegu-south-korea","external_links_name":"\"Woobang Tower\""},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/167597/woobang-tower-daegu-south-korea","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/xuzhou-tv-tower/16067","external_links_name":"\"Xuzhou TV Tower - The Skyscraper Center\""},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/104255/dalian-radio-tv-tower-dalian-china","external_links_name":"\"Dalian Radio & TV Tower\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210307154521/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/104255/dalian-radio-tv-tower-dalian-china","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.rferl.org/a/unconstitutional_movement_turkmenistan/24181209.html","external_links_name":"\"(Un)Constitutional Monument\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-sussex-37796411","external_links_name":"\"Duke of Edinburgh officially opens Brighton's i360 tower\""},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/338099/dubai-frame-dubai-united-arab-emirates","external_links_name":"\"Dubai Frame\""},{"Link":"http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-11000/tallest-airport-control-tower/","external_links_name":"\"Tallest airport control tower\""},{"Link":"https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/tv-toren-ittervoort/7919","external_links_name":"\"TV Toren Ittervoort - The Skyscraper Center\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160307025451/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/239929/independence-monument-ashkabad-turkmenistan","external_links_name":"\"Independence Monument\""},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/239929/independence-monument-ashkabad-turkmenistan","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150713180509/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/1174894/arcelormittal-orbit-london-united-kingdom","external_links_name":"\"ArcelorMittal Orbit\""},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1174894/arcelormittal-orbit-london-united-kingdom","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210122061953/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/146952/casino-tower-niagara-falls-canada","external_links_name":"\"Casino Tower\""},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/146952/casino-tower-niagara-falls-canada","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200219102732/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/331157/baiterek-nur-sultan-kazakhstan","external_links_name":"\"Baiterek\""},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/331157/baiterek-nur-sultan-kazakhstan","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160807070225/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/108947/atomium-brussels-belgium","external_links_name":"\"Atomium\""},{"Link":"https://www.emporis.com/buildings/108947/atomium-brussels-belgium","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/the-tower-at-dubai-creek-harbour/23572","external_links_name":"\"Dubai Creek Tower - The Skyscraper Center\""},{"Link":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/hanoi-broadcast-tower/23858","external_links_name":"\"Hanoi Broadcast Tower - The Skyscraper Center\""},{"Link":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/huanghe-landmark-tower/29669","external_links_name":"\"Huanghe Landmark Tower - The Skyscraper Center\""},{"Link":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/icon-siam-tower/18531","external_links_name":"\"Icon Siam Tower - The Skyscraper Center\""},{"Link":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/cheongna-city-international-tower/8747","external_links_name":"\"Cheongna City International Tower - The Skyscraper Center\""},{"Link":"http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/holy-mosque-twin-minaret-1/17781","external_links_name":"\"Holy Mosque Twin Minaret 1 - The Skyscraper Center\""},{"Link":"https://www.usje.mk/en/about-us/projects-around-the-country/telecommunication-tower-on-vodno-skopje/","external_links_name":"\"Telecommunication Tower on Vodno, Skopje\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spur_gear
|
Spur gear
|
["1 PCD and MOD","2 References"]
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Simplest type of gear
Spur gear
Spur gears or straight-cut gears are the simplest type of gear. They consist of a cylinder or disk with teeth projecting radially. Viewing the gear at 90 degrees from the shaft length (side on) the tooth faces are straight and aligned parallel to the axis of rotation. Looking down the length of the shaft, a tooth's cross section is usually not triangular. Instead of being straight (as in a triangle) the sides of the cross section have a curved form (usually involute and less commonly cycloidal) to achieve a constant drive ratio. Spur gears mesh together correctly only if fitted to parallel shafts. No axial thrust is created by the tooth loads. Spur gears are excellent at moderate speeds but tend to be noisy at high speeds.
Spur gear can be classified into two pressure angles, 20° being the current industry standard and 14½° being the former (often found in older equipment). Spur gear teeth are manufactured as either involute profile or cycloidal profile. When two gears are in mesh it is possible that an involute portion of one will contact a non-involute portion of the other gear. This phenomenon is known as "interference" and occurs when the number of teeth on the smaller of the two meshing gears is less than a required minimum. Undercutting (cutting the tooth narrower closer to its base) is sometimes used to avoid interference but is usually not suitable because the decreased thickness leaves the tooth weaker at its base. In this situation, corrected gears are used. In corrected gears the cutter rack is shifted upwards or downwards.
Spur gears can be classified into two main categories: External and Internal. Gears with teeth on the outside of the cylinder are known as "external gears". Gears with teeth on the internal side of the cylinder are known as "internal gears". An external gear can mesh with an external gear or an internal gear. When two external gears mesh together they rotate in the opposite directions. An internal gear can only mesh with an external gear and the gears rotate in the same direction. Due to the close positioning of shafts, internal gear assemblies are more compact than external gear assemblies.
PCD and MOD
Main article: Gear § Standard pitches and the module system
In the case of Module (MOD) 4.0 spur gears:
Normal spur gears (over 17 teeth) have a pitch circle diameter (PCD) equal to MOD × number of teeth.
Corrected spur gears (under 17 teeth) have a PCD equal to MOD × number of teeth + MOD.
There are two types of corrected gears:
S0 gearing (x1 + x2 = zero)
S gearing (x1 + x2 ≠ zero)
References
^ "How Gears Work". howstuffworks.com. 16 November 2000. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
^ Machinery's Handbook. New York: Industrial Press. 2012. pp. 2125. ISBN 978-0-8311-2900-2.
^ "McMaster-Carr".
^ "Metrics in Engineering - Metric Gears".
vteGearsSystems
Spur gear systems
Worm drive
Rack and pinion
Epicyclic (planetary) gearing
Sun and planet gear
Harmonic drive
Cycloidal drive
Non-circular gear
Shapes
Spur
Bevel
Crown
Spiral bevel
Helical
Herringbone
Geartooth profiles
Involute
Cycloid
Mechanics
Transmission
Differential
Coupling
Train
Bicycle gearing
Continuously variable transmission
Offset
ExamplesBicycles
Cogset
Derailleur
Hub gear
Shaft-driven bicycle
Sprocket
Horology
Wheel train
See also
Ball screw
Leadscrew
Jackscrew
Belt drive
Chain drive
Gear manufacturing
Freewheel
Spur gear corrected tooth
This industry-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spur_Gear_12mm,_18t.svg"},{"link_name":"gear","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear"},{"link_name":"axis of rotation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_around_a_fixed_axis"},{"link_name":"involute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involute_gear"},{"link_name":"cycloidal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloid_gear"},{"link_name":"drive ratio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_train#Torque_ratio"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"pressure angles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_angle"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"involute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involute"},{"link_name":"Undercutting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercut_(manufacturing)"},{"link_name":"clarification needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify"}],"text":"Spur gearSpur gears or straight-cut gears are the simplest type of gear. They consist of a cylinder or disk with teeth projecting radially. Viewing the gear at 90 degrees from the shaft length (side on) the tooth faces are straight and aligned parallel to the axis of rotation. Looking down the length of the shaft, a tooth's cross section is usually not triangular. Instead of being straight (as in a triangle) the sides of the cross section have a curved form (usually involute and less commonly cycloidal) to achieve a constant drive ratio. Spur gears mesh together correctly only if fitted to parallel shafts.[1] No axial thrust is created by the tooth loads. Spur gears are excellent at moderate speeds but tend to be noisy at high speeds.[2]Spur gear can be classified into two pressure angles, 20° being the current industry standard and 14½° being the former (often found in older equipment).[3] Spur gear teeth are manufactured as either involute profile or cycloidal profile. When two gears are in mesh it is possible that an involute portion of one will contact a non-involute portion of the other gear. This phenomenon is known as \"interference\" and occurs when the number of teeth on the smaller of the two meshing gears is less than a required minimum. Undercutting (cutting the tooth narrower closer to its base) is sometimes used to avoid interference but is usually not suitable because the decreased thickness leaves the tooth weaker at its base. In this situation, corrected gears are used. In corrected gears the cutter rack is shifted upwards or downwards.[clarification needed]Spur gears can be classified into two main categories: External and Internal. Gears with teeth on the outside of the cylinder are known as \"external gears\". Gears with teeth on the internal side of the cylinder are known as \"internal gears\". An external gear can mesh with an external gear or an internal gear. When two external gears mesh together they rotate in the opposite directions. An internal gear can only mesh with an external gear and the gears rotate in the same direction. Due to the close positioning of shafts, internal gear assemblies are more compact than external gear assemblies.","title":"Spur gear"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"In the case of Module (MOD) 4.0 spur gears:Normal spur gears (over 17 teeth) have a pitch circle diameter (PCD) equal to MOD × number of teeth.[4]\nCorrected spur gears (under 17 teeth) have a PCD equal to MOD × number of teeth + MOD.There are two types of corrected gears:S0 gearing (x1 + x2 = zero)\nS gearing (x1 + x2 ≠ zero)","title":"PCD and MOD"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Spur gear","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Spur_Gear_12mm%2C_18t.svg/220px-Spur_Gear_12mm%2C_18t.svg.png"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"How Gears Work\". howstuffworks.com. 16 November 2000. Retrieved 20 September 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/gear2.htm","url_text":"\"How Gears Work\""}]},{"reference":"Machinery's Handbook. New York: Industrial Press. 2012. pp. 2125. ISBN 978-0-8311-2900-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/machineryshandbo00ober_611","url_text":"Machinery's Handbook"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/machineryshandbo00ober_611/page/n2130","url_text":"2125"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8311-2900-2","url_text":"978-0-8311-2900-2"}]},{"reference":"\"McMaster-Carr\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.mcmaster.com/gears","url_text":"\"McMaster-Carr\""}]},{"reference":"\"Metrics in Engineering - Metric Gears\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.metrication.com/engineering/gears.html","url_text":"\"Metrics in Engineering - Metric Gears\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/gear2.htm","external_links_name":"\"How Gears Work\""},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/machineryshandbo00ober_611","external_links_name":"Machinery's Handbook"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/machineryshandbo00ober_611/page/n2130","external_links_name":"2125"},{"Link":"https://www.mcmaster.com/gears","external_links_name":"\"McMaster-Carr\""},{"Link":"http://www.metrication.com/engineering/gears.html","external_links_name":"\"Metrics in Engineering - Metric Gears\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spur_gear&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_temperature_sensors
|
List of temperature sensors
|
["1 Mechanical temperature sensors","2 Electrical temperature sensors","3 Integrated circuit sensors","4 See also","5 References"]
|
Mechanical temperature sensors
Thermometer
Bimetallic strip
Electrical temperature sensors
Thermistor- Thermistors are thermally sensitive resistors whose prime function is to exhibit a large, predictable and precise change in electrical resistance when subjected to a corresponding change in body temperature. Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistors exhibit a decrease in electrical resistance when subjected to an increase in body temperature and Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) thermistors exhibit an increase in electrical resistance when subjected to an increase in body temperature.
Thermocouple
Resistance thermometer
Silicon bandgap temperature sensor
Integrated circuit sensors
The integrated circuit sensor may come in a variety of interfaces — analogue or digital; for digital, these could be Serial Peripheral Interface, SMBus/I2C or 1-Wire.
In OpenBSD, many of the I2C temperature sensors from the below list have been supported and are accessible through the generalised hardware sensors framework since OpenBSD 3.9 (2006),: §6.1 which has also included an ad-hoc method of automatically scanning the I2C bus by default during system boot since 2006 as well.: §5
In NetBSD, many of these I2C sensors are also supported and are accessible through the envsys framework, although none are enabled by default outside of Open Firmware architectures like macppc, and a manual configuration is required before first use on i386 or amd64.: §7.1
Remote uncooled IR thermal radiometer sensors are also commonly used in integrated circuits.
See also
Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin
Conversion of units of temperature
List of LM-series integrated circuits
Temperature measurement
References
^ Webster, John G. (1999). The measurement, instrumentation, and sensors handbook. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 32. ISBN 9783540648307.
^ Houdas, Y; Ring, E.F.J. (2013). Human body temperature : its measurement and regulation. New York: Springer US. p. 39. ISBN 9781489903457.
^ Constantine A. Murenin (2007-04-17). Generalised Interfacing with Microprocessor System Hardware Monitors. Proceedings of 2007 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, 15–17 April 2007. (PDF). London, United Kingdom: IEEE. pp. 901–906. doi:10.1109/ICNSC.2007.372901. ISBN 978-1-4244-1076-7. IEEE ICNSC 2007, pp. 901—906.
^ Ingrid Marson (2006-03-24). "OpenBSD 3.9 adds sensor framework". ZDNet.
^ a b c Constantine A. Murenin (2010-05-21). OpenBSD Hardware Sensors — Environmental Monitoring and Fan Control (MMath thesis). University of Waterloo: UWSpace. hdl:10012/5234. Document ID: ab71498b6b1a60ff817b29d56997a418.
^ Theo de Raadt (2015-05-29). "/sys/dev/i2c/i2c_scan.c". BSD Cross Reference. OpenBSD.
^ "dev/i2c/". BSD Cross Reference. NetBSD.
^ "arch/macppc/conf/GENERIC". BSD Cross Reference. NetBSD. dbcool* at iic? #...
^ Avraham, M.; Nemirovsky, J.; Blank, T.; Golan, G.; Nemirovsky, Y. (2022). "Toward an Accurate IR Remote Sensing of Body Temperature Radiometer Based on a Novel IR Sensing System Dubbed Digital TMOS". Micromachines. 13 (5): 703. doi:10.3390/mi13050703. PMC 9145132. PMID 35630174.
|
[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"List of temperature sensors"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Thermometer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometer"},{"link_name":"Bimetallic strip","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimetallic_strip"}],"text":"Thermometer\nBimetallic strip","title":"Mechanical temperature sensors"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Thermistor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Thermocouple","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocouple"},{"link_name":"Resistance thermometer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_thermometer"},{"link_name":"Silicon bandgap temperature sensor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_bandgap_temperature_sensor"}],"text":"Thermistor- Thermistors are thermally sensitive resistors whose prime function is to exhibit a large, predictable and precise change in electrical resistance when subjected to a corresponding change in body temperature.[1] Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistors exhibit a decrease in electrical resistance when subjected to an increase in body temperature and Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) thermistors exhibit an increase in electrical resistance when subjected to an increase in body temperature.[2]\nThermocouple\nResistance thermometer\nSilicon bandgap temperature sensor","title":"Electrical temperature sensors"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"integrated circuit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit"},{"link_name":"sensor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor"},{"link_name":"Serial Peripheral Interface","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface"},{"link_name":"SMBus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Management_Bus"},{"link_name":"I2C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I2C"},{"link_name":"1-Wire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Wire"},{"link_name":"OpenBSD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD"},{"link_name":"hardware sensors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hw.sensors"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ieee07-3"},{"link_name":"OpenBSD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-zdnet06-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sensors-mmath-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-i2c_scan-6"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sensors-mmath-5"},{"link_name":"NetBSD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBSD"},{"link_name":"envsys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envsys"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-n/i2c-7"},{"link_name":"Open Firmware","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Firmware"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-n/macppc/G-8"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sensors-mmath-5"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SC-9"}],"text":"The integrated circuit sensor may come in a variety of interfaces — analogue or digital; for digital, these could be Serial Peripheral Interface, SMBus/I2C or 1-Wire.In OpenBSD, many of the I2C temperature sensors from the below list have been supported and are accessible through the generalised hardware sensors framework[3] since OpenBSD 3.9 (2006),[4][5]: §6.1 which has also included an ad-hoc method of automatically scanning the I2C bus by default during system boot since 2006 as well.[6][5]: §5In NetBSD, many of these I2C sensors are also supported and are accessible through the envsys framework,[7] although none are enabled by default outside of Open Firmware architectures like macppc,[8] and a manual configuration is required before first use on i386 or amd64.[5]: §7.1Remote uncooled IR thermal radiometer sensors are also commonly used in integrated circuits.[9]","title":"Integrated circuit sensors"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"Celsius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius"},{"title":"Fahrenheit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit"},{"title":"Kelvin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin"},{"title":"Conversion of units of temperature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_of_units_of_temperature"},{"title":"List of LM-series integrated circuits","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LM-series_integrated_circuits"},{"title":"Temperature measurement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_measurement"}]
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[{"reference":"Webster, John G. (1999). The measurement, instrumentation, and sensors handbook. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 32. ISBN 9783540648307.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783540648307","url_text":"9783540648307"}]},{"reference":"Houdas, Y; Ring, E.F.J. (2013). Human body temperature : its measurement and regulation. New York: Springer US. p. 39. ISBN 9781489903457.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781489903457","url_text":"9781489903457"}]},{"reference":"Constantine A. Murenin (2007-04-17). Generalised Interfacing with Microprocessor System Hardware Monitors. Proceedings of 2007 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, 15–17 April 2007. (PDF). London, United Kingdom: IEEE. pp. 901–906. doi:10.1109/ICNSC.2007.372901. ISBN 978-1-4244-1076-7. IEEE ICNSC 2007, pp. 901—906.","urls":[{"url":"http://sensors.cnst.su/IEEE_ICNSC_2007","url_text":"Generalised Interfacing with Microprocessor System Hardware Monitors"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070806092541/http://www.ieee-icnsc07.org/ICNSC07-Program.pdf","url_text":"Proceedings of 2007 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, 15–17 April 2007."},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers","url_text":"IEEE"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1109%2FICNSC.2007.372901","url_text":"10.1109/ICNSC.2007.372901"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4244-1076-7","url_text":"978-1-4244-1076-7"}]},{"reference":"Ingrid Marson (2006-03-24). \"OpenBSD 3.9 adds sensor framework\". ZDNet.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.zdnet.com/article/openbsd-3-9-adds-sensor-framework/","url_text":"\"OpenBSD 3.9 adds sensor framework\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZDNet","url_text":"ZDNet"}]},{"reference":"Constantine A. Murenin (2010-05-21). OpenBSD Hardware Sensors — Environmental Monitoring and Fan Control (MMath thesis). University of Waterloo: UWSpace. hdl:10012/5234. Document ID: ab71498b6b1a60ff817b29d56997a418.","urls":[{"url":"http://cnst.su/MMathCS","url_text":"OpenBSD Hardware Sensors — Environmental Monitoring and Fan Control"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Mathematics#Canada","url_text":"MMath"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Waterloo","url_text":"University of Waterloo"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)","url_text":"hdl"},{"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10012%2F5234","url_text":"10012/5234"}]},{"reference":"Theo de Raadt (2015-05-29). \"/sys/dev/i2c/i2c_scan.c\". BSD Cross Reference. OpenBSD.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theo_de_Raadt","url_text":"Theo de Raadt"},{"url":"http://bxr.su/o/sys/dev/i2c/i2c_scan.c","url_text":"\"/sys/dev/i2c/i2c_scan.c\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSD","url_text":"OpenBSD"}]},{"reference":"\"dev/i2c/\". BSD Cross Reference. NetBSD.","urls":[{"url":"http://bxr.su/n/sys/dev/i2c/","url_text":"\"dev/i2c/\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBSD","url_text":"NetBSD"}]},{"reference":"\"arch/macppc/conf/GENERIC\". BSD Cross Reference. NetBSD. dbcool* at iic? #...","urls":[{"url":"http://bxr.su/NetBSD/sys/arch/macppc/conf/GENERIC","url_text":"\"arch/macppc/conf/GENERIC\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBSD","url_text":"NetBSD"}]},{"reference":"Avraham, M.; Nemirovsky, J.; Blank, T.; Golan, G.; Nemirovsky, Y. (2022). \"Toward an Accurate IR Remote Sensing of Body Temperature Radiometer Based on a Novel IR Sensing System Dubbed Digital TMOS\". Micromachines. 13 (5): 703. doi:10.3390/mi13050703. PMC 9145132. PMID 35630174.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145132","url_text":"\"Toward an Accurate IR Remote Sensing of Body Temperature Radiometer Based on a Novel IR Sensing System Dubbed Digital TMOS\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmi13050703","url_text":"10.3390/mi13050703"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9145132","url_text":"9145132"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35630174","url_text":"35630174"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_uncrewed_spacecraft_by_program
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Outline of space exploration
|
["1 Essence of space exploration","2 Branches of space exploration","3 History of space exploration","4 Space agencies","5 Active deep space missions and space stations","6 Future of space exploration","7 General space exploration concepts","8 Space exploration scholars","9 Leaders in space exploration","10 See also","10.1 Lists","11 References","12 External links"]
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Overview of and topical guide to space exploration
The European Space Agency's Columbus Module at the International Space Station, launched into space on the U.S. Space Shuttle mission STS-122 in 2008.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to space exploration.
Space exploration – use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space. Physical exploration of space is conducted both by human spaceflights and by robotic spacecraft.
Essence of space exploration
Space exploration
Big science – Term used to describe a series of changes in science occurred in industrial nations
Exploration – Process of investigating unfamiliar things
High tech – Most advanced technology available
Space – Void between celestial bodies
Spaceflight – Flight into or through outer space
Branches of space exploration
Human spaceflight – Spaceflight with a crew or passengers
Uncrewed spaceflight – Autonomous space travel without human
History of space exploration
Main articles: History of space exploration and Timeline of space exploration
Remote sensing of Earth
Exploration of the Moon
Apollo program
Moon landings
Robotic exploration of the Moon
Exploration of Mercury
Exploration of Venus
Exploration of Mars
Mars landings
Mars rovers
Mars Rotorcrafts
Exploration of Jupiter
Exploration of Saturn
Exploration of Uranus
Exploration of Neptune
History of human spaceflight
Project Mercury
Project Gemini
Apollo program
Space Shuttle program
Vostok program
Voskhod program
Soyuz program
Shenzhou program
List of human spaceflights
List of Space Shuttle missions
Spaceflight records
Emergence of market forces in spaceflight
Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes
Timeline of astronauts by nationality
Timeline of first orbital launches by country
Timeline of rocket and missile technology
Timeline of space exploration
Timeline of space travel by nationality
Timeline of spaceflight
Timeline of the Space Race
Timeline of Solar System exploration
Space agencies
List of government space agencies
Space agencies capable of human spaceflight (as of January 2024)
NASA (USA)
CNSA (China)
RFSA (Russia)
Space agencies with full launch capability
NASA (USA)
RFSA (Russia)
CNSA (China)
ESA (Europe)
JAXA (Japan)
ISRO (India)
ISA (Israel)
KARI (South Korea)
Active deep space missions and space stations
International Space Station
Intuitive Machines Nova-C 1 Odysseus lander (NASA)
Tiangong space station (CNSA)
Chandrayaan-2 (ISRO)
Chang'e 6 (CNSA)
Tiandu-1 and 2 (CNSA)
Queqiao relay satellite (CNSA)
Queqiao-2 relay satellite (CNSA)
ICUBE-Q (SUPARCO)
Chang'e 5 service module (CNSA)
Chang'e 4 (CNSA)
CAPSTONE (NASA)
Danuri (KARI)
Advanced Composition Explorer – NASA mission to observe solar wind
Deep Space Climate Observatory – NOAA observatory for space weather
Aditya-L1 (ISRO)
Mars Odyssey (NASA)
Mars Express – ESA satellite orbiting Mars
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (NASA)
Mars Science Laboratory – NASA rover to Mars
MAVEN – NASA satellite orbiting Mars
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (ESA / Roscosmos) – Mars satellite
Tianwen-1 (CNSA)
Mars 2020 Perseverance rover – NASA rover to Mars
Akatsuki – JAXA satellite orbiting Venus
BepiColombo (ESA / JAXA)
STEREO – NASA mission to observe the Sun
Parker Solar Probe – NASA probe to Sun
Solar Orbiter – ESA probe to Sun
Hayabusa2♯ (JAXA) – sample return mission to asteroid Ryugu
OSIRIS-APEX (NASA) – probe to asteroid Apophis
Lucy – NASA probe to multiple Jupiter trojans
Psyche (NASA) – probe to asteroid Psyche
Juno – NASA satellite orbiting Jupiter
Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer – ESA probe to Jupiter and its moons
New Horizons – probe to Pluto
Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 (NASA) – probes to outer Solar System and interstellar space
Future of space exploration
Lunar (the Moon)
Future lunar missions
Colonization of the Moon
Lunar outpost (NASA)
Sun
Sundiver (space mission)
Mercury
Colonization of Mercury
Venus
Exploration of Venus
Mars
Colonization of Mars
Human mission to Mars
Mars to Stay
Outer Solar System
Colonization of the outer Solar System
Colonization of Titan
Beyond the Solar System
Interstellar travel
Nuclear rocket
Fusion rocket
Solar sail
Einstein-Rosen bridge
Alcubierre drive
Intergalactic travel
General space exploration concepts
Astronaut – Commander, pilot, or crew member of a spacecraft
Non-rocket spacelaunch – Concepts for launch into space
Space and survival – Idea that long-term human presence requires to be spacefaring
Space vehicle – Combination of launch vehicle and spacecraft
Launch vehicle – Rocket used to carry a spacecraft into space
Spacecraft – Vehicle or machine designed to fly in space
Spaceflight – Flight into or through outer space
Space research – Scientific studies carried out using scientific equipment in outer space
Space exploration scholars
See also: Category:Early spaceflight scientists
Leaders in space exploration
Yuri Gagarin – first man in space
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin – first men to walk on the Moon
John Glenn – oldest man in orbit
See also
Spaceflight portal
Outline of space science
Outline of aerospace
Timeline of Solar System exploration
Scientific research on the International Space Station
Lists
List of spacecraft
List of crewed spacecraft
List of Solar System probes
List of active Solar System probes
List of lunar probes
List of Mars landers
List of Mars orbiters
List of space telescopes
List of X-ray space telescopes
List of proposed space observatories
List of cargo spacecraft
List of Falcon 9 first-stage boosters
List of heaviest spacecraft
List of spacecraft called Sputnik
List of spacecraft powered by non-rechargeable batteries
List of spacecraft with electric propulsion
List of spaceplanes
List of upper stages
List of spacecraft deployed from the International Space Station
Assembly of the International Space Station
Space Shuttle crews
List of Apollo astronauts
List of Apollo missions
List of Artemis missions
List of artificial objects on extra-terrestrial surfaces
List of astronauts by name
List of astronauts by selection
List of communication satellite companies
List of communications satellite firsts
List of Constellation missions
List of Cosmos satellites
List of crewed spacecraft
List of cumulative spacewalk records
List of Earth observation satellites
List of human spaceflight programs
List of human spaceflights
List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station
List of interplanetary voyages
List of ISS spacewalks
List of International Space Station expeditions
List of International Space Station visitors
List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies
List of launch vehicles
List of Mir expeditions
List of Mir spacewalks
List of NASA missions
List of objects at Lagrangian points
List of private spaceflight companies
List of probes by operational status
List of rockets
Lists of rocket launches
List of Ariane launches
List of Atlas launches
List of Black Brant launches
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches
List of Long March launches
List of Proton launches
List of R-7 launches
List of Scout launches
List of Space Launch System launches
List of Thor and Delta launches
List of Titan launches
List of V-2 test launches
List of Zenit launches
List of Russian human spaceflight missions
List of satellites in geosynchronous orbit
List of Solar System probes
List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
List of space agencies
List of Space Shuttle missions
List of space travelers by name
List of space travelers by nationality
List of spacecraft and crews that visited Mir
List of spacecraft manufacturers
List of spaceflight records
List of spaceports
List of spacewalks and moonwalks
List of the largest fixed satellite operators
List of uncrewed spacecraft by program
Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station
Lists of astronomical objects
Lists of telescopes
List of government space agencies
Lists of astronauts
Lists of space scientists
References
^
"How Space is Explored". NASA. Archived from the original on 2009-07-02.
External links
Space exploration at Wikipedia's sister projects
Definitions from WiktionaryMedia from CommonsNews from WikinewsQuotations from WikiquoteTexts from WikisourceTextbooks from WikibooksResources from Wikiversity
Space related news
NASA's website on human space travel
ESA: Building the ISS
Unofficial Shuttle Launch Manifest
ISS Assembly Animation
List of All Spacecraft Ever Launched, accessed 02/10/2019
Space Missions and Space Craft, accessed 02/10/2019
26 Types of Spacecraft, accessed 02/10/2019
vteWikipedia outlinesGeneral reference
Culture and the arts
Geography and places
Health and fitness
History and events
Mathematics and logic
Natural and physical sciences
People and self
Philosophy and thinking
Religion and belief systems
Society and social sciences
Technology and applied sciences
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S122e008264.jpg"},{"link_name":"European Space Agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Space_Agency"},{"link_name":"Columbus Module","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Module"},{"link_name":"International Space Station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station"},{"link_name":"STS-122","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-122"},{"link_name":"outline","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_(list)"},{"link_name":"Space exploration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_exploration"},{"link_name":"astronomy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy"},{"link_name":"space technology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_technology"},{"link_name":"outer 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passengers\nUncrewed spaceflight – Autonomous space travel without human","title":"Branches of space exploration"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Remote sensing of Earth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_sensing"},{"link_name":"Exploration of the Moon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon"},{"link_name":"Apollo program","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_program"},{"link_name":"Moon landings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_landing"},{"link_name":"Robotic exploration of the Moon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotic_exploration_of_the_Moon"},{"link_name":"Exploration of Mercury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet)#Research_with_space_probes"},{"link_name":"Exploration of Venus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observations_and_explorations_of_Venus#Observation_by_spacecraft"},{"link_name":"Exploration of Mars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars#Exploration"},{"link_name":"Mars landings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_landing"},{"link_name":"Mars rovers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_rover"},{"link_name":"Mars Rotorcrafts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_aircraft"},{"link_name":"Exploration of Jupiter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter#Exploration"},{"link_name":"Exploration of Saturn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn#History_of_observation_and_exploration"},{"link_name":"Exploration of Uranus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_of_Uranus"},{"link_name":"Exploration of Neptune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_of_Neptune"},{"link_name":"History of human spaceflight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_spaceflight#History"},{"link_name":"Project Mercury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mercury"},{"link_name":"Project Gemini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Gemini"},{"link_name":"Apollo program","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_program"},{"link_name":"Space Shuttle program","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program"},{"link_name":"Vostok program","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_program"},{"link_name":"Voskhod program","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voskhod_program"},{"link_name":"Soyuz program","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_program"},{"link_name":"Shenzhou program","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhou_program"},{"link_name":"List of human spaceflights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_spaceflights"},{"link_name":"List of Space Shuttle missions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions"},{"link_name":"Spaceflight records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceflight_records"},{"link_name":"Emergence of market forces in spaceflight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_launch_market_competition"},{"link_name":"Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_artificial_satellites_and_space_probes"},{"link_name":"Timeline of astronauts by nationality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_astronauts_by_nationality"},{"link_name":"Timeline of first orbital launches by country","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_first_orbital_launches_by_country"},{"link_name":"Timeline of rocket and missile technology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_rocket_and_missile_technology"},{"link_name":"Timeline of space exploration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_space_exploration"},{"link_name":"Timeline of space travel by nationality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_space_travel_by_nationality"},{"link_name":"Timeline of spaceflight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_spaceflight"},{"link_name":"Timeline of the Space Race","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Space_Race"},{"link_name":"Timeline of Solar System exploration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Solar_System_exploration"}],"text":"Remote sensing of Earth\nExploration of the Moon\nApollo program\nMoon landings\nRobotic exploration of the Moon\nExploration of Mercury\nExploration of Venus\nExploration of Mars\nMars landings\nMars rovers\nMars Rotorcrafts\nExploration of Jupiter\nExploration of Saturn\nExploration of Uranus\nExploration of Neptune\nHistory of human spaceflight\nProject Mercury\nProject Gemini\nApollo program\nSpace Shuttle program\nVostok program\nVoskhod program\nSoyuz program\nShenzhou program\nList of human spaceflights\nList of Space Shuttle missions\nSpaceflight records\nEmergence of market forces in spaceflight\nTimeline of artificial satellites and space probes\nTimeline of astronauts by nationality\nTimeline of first orbital launches by country\nTimeline of rocket and missile technology\nTimeline of space exploration\nTimeline of space travel by nationality\nTimeline of spaceflight\nTimeline of the Space Race\nTimeline of Solar System exploration","title":"History of space exploration"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"List of government space agencies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_government_space_agencies"},{"link_name":"NASA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA"},{"link_name":"CNSA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNSA"},{"link_name":"RFSA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFSA"},{"link_name":"NASA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA"},{"link_name":"RFSA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFSA"},{"link_name":"CNSA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNSA"},{"link_name":"ESA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESA"},{"link_name":"JAXA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAXA"},{"link_name":"ISRO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISRO"},{"link_name":"ISA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Space_Agency"},{"link_name":"KARI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute"}],"text":"List of government space agencies\nSpace agencies capable of human spaceflight (as of January 2024)\nNASA (USA)\nCNSA (China)\nRFSA (Russia)\nSpace agencies with full launch capability\nNASA (USA)\nRFSA (Russia)\nCNSA (China)\nESA (Europe)\nJAXA (Japan)\nISRO (India)\nISA (Israel)\nKARI (South Korea)","title":"Space agencies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"International Space Station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station"},{"link_name":"Intuitive Machines Nova-C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuitive_Machines_Nova-C"},{"link_name":"Tiangong space station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiangong_space_station"},{"link_name":"Chandrayaan-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrayaan-2"},{"link_name":"ISRO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation"},{"link_name":"Chang'e 6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e_6"},{"link_name":"Tiandu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiandu"},{"link_name":"Queqiao relay satellite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite"},{"link_name":"Queqiao-2 relay satellite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite"},{"link_name":"ICUBE-Q","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICUBE-Q"},{"link_name":"Chang'e 5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e_5"},{"link_name":"Chang'e 4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e_4"},{"link_name":"CAPSTONE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPSTONE"},{"link_name":"Danuri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danuri"},{"link_name":"KARI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute"},{"link_name":"Advanced Composition Explorer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Composition_Explorer"},{"link_name":"solar wind","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind"},{"link_name":"Deep Space Climate Observatory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory"},{"link_name":"NOAA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration"},{"link_name":"space weather","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_weather"},{"link_name":"Aditya-L1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aditya-L1"},{"link_name":"Mars Odyssey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey"},{"link_name":"Mars Express","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Express"},{"link_name":"ESA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Space_Agency"},{"link_name":"Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter"},{"link_name":"Mars Science Laboratory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory"},{"link_name":"MAVEN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAVEN"},{"link_name":"ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExoMars_Trace_Gas_Orbiter"},{"link_name":"Roscosmos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscosmos_State_Corporation"},{"link_name":"Tianwen-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianwen-1"},{"link_name":"Mars 2020","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_2020"},{"link_name":"Perseverance rover","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)"},{"link_name":"Akatsuki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akatsuki_(spacecraft)"},{"link_name":"BepiColombo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BepiColombo"},{"link_name":"STEREO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEREO"},{"link_name":"Parker Solar Probe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe"},{"link_name":"Solar Orbiter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Orbiter"},{"link_name":"Hayabusa2♯","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayabusa2"},{"link_name":"Ryugu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/162173_Ryugu"},{"link_name":"OSIRIS-APEX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSIRIS-APEX"},{"link_name":"Apophis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99942_Apophis"},{"link_name":"Lucy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_(spacecraft)"},{"link_name":"Jupiter trojans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_trojan"},{"link_name":"Psyche","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)"},{"link_name":"Psyche","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_Psyche"},{"link_name":"Juno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)"},{"link_name":"Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer"},{"link_name":"New Horizons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Horizons"},{"link_name":"Voyager 1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_1"},{"link_name":"Voyager 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_2"}],"text":"International Space Station\nIntuitive Machines Nova-C 1 Odysseus lander (NASA)\nTiangong space station (CNSA)\nChandrayaan-2 (ISRO)\nChang'e 6 (CNSA)\nTiandu-1 and 2 (CNSA)\nQueqiao relay satellite (CNSA)\nQueqiao-2 relay satellite (CNSA)\nICUBE-Q (SUPARCO)\nChang'e 5 service module (CNSA)\nChang'e 4 (CNSA)\nCAPSTONE (NASA)\nDanuri (KARI)\nAdvanced Composition Explorer – NASA mission to observe solar wind\nDeep Space Climate Observatory – NOAA observatory for space weather\nAditya-L1 (ISRO)\nMars Odyssey (NASA)\nMars Express – ESA satellite orbiting Mars\nMars Reconnaissance Orbiter (NASA)\nMars Science Laboratory – NASA rover to Mars\nMAVEN – NASA satellite orbiting Mars\nExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (ESA / Roscosmos) – Mars satellite\nTianwen-1 (CNSA)\nMars 2020 Perseverance rover – NASA rover to Mars\nAkatsuki – JAXA satellite orbiting Venus\nBepiColombo (ESA / JAXA)\nSTEREO – NASA mission to observe the Sun\nParker Solar Probe – NASA probe to Sun\nSolar Orbiter – ESA probe to Sun\nHayabusa2♯ (JAXA) – sample return mission to asteroid Ryugu\nOSIRIS-APEX (NASA) – probe to asteroid Apophis\nLucy – NASA probe to multiple Jupiter trojans\nPsyche (NASA) – probe to asteroid Psyche\nJuno – NASA satellite orbiting Jupiter\nJupiter Icy Moons Explorer – ESA probe to Jupiter and its moons\nNew Horizons – probe to Pluto\nVoyager 1 and Voyager 2 (NASA) – probes to outer Solar System and interstellar space","title":"Active deep space missions and space stations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Future lunar missions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_lunar_missions"},{"link_name":"Colonization of the Moon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon"},{"link_name":"Lunar outpost (NASA)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_outpost_(NASA)"},{"link_name":"Sundiver (space mission)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundiver_(space_mission)"},{"link_name":"Colonization of Mercury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonization_of_Mercury"},{"link_name":"Exploration of Venus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_of_Venus"},{"link_name":"Colonization of Mars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonization_of_Mars"},{"link_name":"Human mission to Mars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars"},{"link_name":"Mars to Stay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_to_Stay"},{"link_name":"Colonization of the outer Solar System","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonization_of_the_outer_Solar_System"},{"link_name":"Colonization of Titan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonization_of_Titan"},{"link_name":"Interstellar travel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_travel"},{"link_name":"Nuclear rocket","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_rocket"},{"link_name":"Fusion rocket","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_rocket"},{"link_name":"Solar sail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_sail"},{"link_name":"Einstein-Rosen bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein-Rosen_bridge"},{"link_name":"Alcubierre drive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcubierre_drive"},{"link_name":"Intergalactic travel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergalactic_travel"}],"text":"Lunar (the Moon)Future lunar missions\nColonization of the Moon\nLunar outpost (NASA)SunSundiver (space mission)MercuryColonization of MercuryVenusExploration of VenusMarsColonization of Mars\nHuman mission to Mars\nMars to StayOuter Solar SystemColonization of the outer Solar System\nColonization of TitanBeyond the Solar SystemInterstellar travel\nNuclear rocket\nFusion rocket\nSolar sail\nEinstein-Rosen bridge\nAlcubierre drive\nIntergalactic travel","title":"Future of space exploration"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Astronaut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronaut"},{"link_name":"Non-rocket spacelaunch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-rocket_spacelaunch"},{"link_name":"Space and survival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_and_survival"},{"link_name":"Space vehicle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_vehicle"},{"link_name":"Launch vehicle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launch_vehicle"},{"link_name":"Spacecraft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft"},{"link_name":"Spaceflight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceflight"},{"link_name":"Space research","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_research"}],"text":"Astronaut – Commander, pilot, or crew member of a spacecraft\nNon-rocket spacelaunch – Concepts for launch into space\nSpace and survival – Idea that long-term human presence requires to be spacefaring\nSpace vehicle – Combination of launch vehicle and spacecraft\nLaunch vehicle – Rocket used to carry a spacecraft into space\nSpacecraft – Vehicle or machine designed to fly in space\nSpaceflight – Flight into or through outer space\nSpace research – Scientific studies carried out using scientific equipment in outer space","title":"General space exploration concepts"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Category:Early spaceflight scientists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Early_spaceflight_scientists"}],"text":"See also: Category:Early spaceflight scientists","title":"Space exploration scholars"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Yuri Gagarin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin"},{"link_name":"Neil Armstrong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Armstrong"},{"link_name":"Buzz Aldrin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin"},{"link_name":"Moon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon"},{"link_name":"John Glenn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Glenn"}],"text":"Yuri Gagarin – first man in space\nNeil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin – first men to walk on the Moon\nJohn Glenn – oldest man in orbit","title":"Leaders in space exploration"}]
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[{"image_text":"The European Space Agency's Columbus Module at the International Space Station, launched into space on the U.S. Space Shuttle mission STS-122 in 2008.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/S122e008264.jpg/250px-S122e008264.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"Spaceflight portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight"},{"title":"Outline of space science","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_space_science"},{"title":"Outline of aerospace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_aerospace"},{"title":"Timeline of Solar System exploration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Solar_System_exploration"},{"title":"Scientific research on the International Space Station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_research_on_the_International_Space_Station"}]
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[{"reference":"\"How Space is Explored\". NASA. Archived from the original on 2009-07-02.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090702153058/http://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/adc/education/space_ex/exploration.html","url_text":"\"How Space is Explored\""},{"url":"http://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/adc/education/space_ex/exploration.html","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090702153058/http://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/adc/education/space_ex/exploration.html","external_links_name":"\"How Space is Explored\""},{"Link":"http://adc.gsfc.nasa.gov/adc/education/space_ex/exploration.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20041021162716/http://www.spaceref.com/","external_links_name":"Space related news"},{"Link":"http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/","external_links_name":"NASA's website on human space travel"},{"Link":"http://www.esa.int/esaHS/ESARW78708D_index_0.html","external_links_name":"ESA: Building the ISS"},{"Link":"http://www.sworld.com.au/steven/space/shuttle/manifest.txt","external_links_name":"Unofficial Shuttle Launch Manifest"},{"Link":"http://www.space-video.info/iss/assembly-animation.html","external_links_name":"ISS Assembly Animation"},{"Link":"http://claudelafleur.qc.ca/Spacecrafts-master.html","external_links_name":"List of All Spacecraft Ever Launched"},{"Link":"https://nineplanets.org/spacecraft.html","external_links_name":"Space Missions and Space Craft"},{"Link":"https://simplicable.com/new/spacecraft","external_links_name":"26 Types of Spacecraft"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_1st_session_of_the_53rd_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom
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List of acts of the 1st session of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom
|
["1 Public general acts","2 Local acts","3 Notes","4 References"]
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Part of a series onBritish law
Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom
Year
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
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1836
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1856
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1866
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1869
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1875
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1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
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1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
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1900
1901
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1911
1912
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1932
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1965
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1968
1969
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1972
1973
1974
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1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
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1991
1992
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1999
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2001
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2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Parliament (session)
42 (1·2·3·4·5)
43 (1·2)
44 (1·2·3·4)
45 (1·2·3·4)
46
47 (1·2·3·4·5)
48 (1·2·3·4)
49 (1·2·3·4)
50 (1·2·3·4·5)
51 (1·2·3·4·5)
52 (1·2·3·4)
53 (1·2·3·4)
54 (1·2·3·4·5)
55 (1·2·3·4)
56 (1·2)
57 (1·2)
58 (1·2·3·4)
Acts and measures by devolved parliaments and assemblies
Scottish Parliament
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Senedd Cymru(Welsh Parliament)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Northern Ireland Assembly
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Northern Ireland Assembly (1973)
1973–1974
Parliament of Northern Ireland
1921–1972
Orders in Council for Northern Ireland
Acts of parliaments of states preceding the United Kingdom
Parliament of Great Britain
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715–1719
1720–1724
1725–1729
1730–1734
1735–1739
1740–1744
1745–1749
1750–1754
1755–1759
1760–1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
Parliament of England
Royal statutes, etc. issued beforethe development of Parliament
1225–1267
1275–1307
1308–1325
Temp. incert.
1327–1376
1377–1397
1399–1411
1413–1421
1422–1460
1461
1463
1464
1467
1468
1472
1474
1477
1482
1483
1485–1503
1509–1535
1536
1539–1540
1541
1542
1543
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1551
1553
1554
1555
1557
1558–1575
1580
1584
1586
1588
1592
1597
1601
1603
1605
1606
1609
1620
1623
1625
1627
1640
1642–1660 (Interregnum)
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1670
1672
1675
1677
1678
1679
1680
1685
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
Parliament of Scotland
Up to 1707
Parliament of Ireland
Before 1701
1701–1750
1751–1800
Delegated legislation
United Kingdom statutory instruments
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
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1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
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1979
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1981
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1983
1984
1985
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1987
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1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
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1995
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1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Statutory rules and orders
United Kingdom 1894–1947
Northern Ireland 1922–1973
Regulatory reform orders
Ministerial orders
Devolved delegated legislation
Scottish statutory instruments
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Welsh statutory instruments
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Statutory rules of Northern Ireland
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Church of England
Measures
Instruments
Retained EU law
Decision
Directive
Regulation
Acts of Parliament relating to the European Union (formerly the European Communities)
1972–present
vte
This is a list of acts of the 1st session of the 53rd Parliament of the United Kingdom, which ran from 13 June 2001 until 7 November 2002.
Acts passed since 1963 are cited by calendar year, as opposed to the convention used for earlier acts of citing the regnal year(s) in which the relevant parliamentary session was held. Each act passed in a respective year is given a chapter number (abbreviated "c."), denoted by Arabic numerals in the case of public general acts, lowercase Roman numerals in the case of local acts, or italicised Arabic numerals in the case of personal acts. These run as separate series.
54 acts of Parliament were passed by the 53rd Parliament in its 1st session: 47 public general acts and 7 local acts.
indicates that an act is available to view at legislation.gov.uk, and indicates the location of the original act in the Parliamentary Archives.
Public general acts
Short title, or popular nameCitationRoyal assent (or the start of session)Long titleAppropriation (No. 2) Act 2001 (repealed)2001 c. 2119 July 2001An Act to authorise the use of resources and the issue of sums out of the Consolidated Fund for the service of the year ending on 31st March 2002 and to appropriate the supply authorised in this Session of Parliament.European Communities (Finance) Act 2001 (repealed)2001 c. 224 December 2001An Act to amend the definition of "the Treaties" and "the Community Treaties" in section 1(2) of the European Communities Act 1972 so as to include the decision of 29th September 2000 of the Council on the Communities' system of own resources.Human Reproductive Cloning Act 2001 (repealed)2001 c. 234 December 2001An Act to prohibit the placing in a woman of a human embryo which has been created otherwise than by fertilisation.Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 20012001 c. 2414 December 2001An Act to amend the Terrorism Act 2000; to make further provision about terrorism and security; to provide for the freezing of assets; to make provision about immigration and asylum; to amend or extend the criminal law and powers for preventing crime and enforcing that law; to make provision about the control of pathogens and toxins; to provide for the retention of communications data; to provide for implementation of Title VI of the Treaty on European Union; and for connected purposes.Consolidated Fund (No. 2) Act 2001 (repealed)2001 c. 2518 December 2001An Act to authorise the use of resources for the service of the years ending on 31st March 2002 and 2003 and to apply certain sums out of the Consolidated Fund to the service of the years ending on 31st March 2002 and 2003.International Development Act 20022002 c. 126 February 2002An Act to make provision relating to the provision of assistance for countries outside the United Kingdom; to make provision with respect to certain international financial institutions and the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission; and for connected purposes.Sex Discrimination (Election Candidates) Act 20022002 c. 226 February 2002An Act to exclude from the operation of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and the Sex Discrimination (Northern Ireland) Order 1976 certain matters relating to the selection of candidates by political parties.European Communities (Amendment) Act 20022002 c. 326 February 2002An Act to make provision consequential on the Treaty signed at Nice on 26th February 2001 amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related Acts.Travel Concessions (Eligibility) Act 20022002 c. 426 February 2002An Act to amend the law relating to the age at which certain persons become eligible to receive travel concessions on journeys on public passenger transport services; and for connected purposes.Civil Defence (Grant) Act 2002 (repealed)2002 c. 526 February 2002An Act to replace section 3 of the Civil Defence Act 1948 in so far as it applies to authorities in England or Wales.Northern Ireland Arms Decommissioning (Amendment) Act 20022002 c. 626 February 2002An Act to provide for the extension of the amnesty period fixed by section 2 of the Northern Ireland Arms Decommissioning Act 1997.Homelessness Act 20022002 c. 726 February 2002An Act to make further provision about the functions of local housing authorities relating to homelessness and the allocation of housing accommodation; and for connected purposes.British Overseas Territories Act 20022002 c. 826 February 2002An Act to make provision about the name "British overseas territories" and British citizenship so far as relating to the British overseas territories.Land Registration Act 20022002 c. 926 February 2002An Act to make provision about land registration; and for connected purposes.Consolidated Fund Act 2002 (repealed)2002 c. 1019 March 2002An Act to authorise the use of resources for the service of the year ending on 31st March 2002 and to apply certain sums out of the Consolidated Fund to the service of the years ending on 31st March 2001 and 2002.Office of Communications Act 20022002 c. 1119 March 2002An Act to establish a body corporate to be known as the Office of Communications; and to confer functions in relation to proposals about the regulation of communications on that body, on certain existing regulators and on the Secretary of State.Football (Disorder) (Amendment) Act 20022002 c. 121 May 2002An Act to amend section 5 of the Football (Disorder) Act 2000; and for connected purposes.Electoral Fraud (Northern Ireland) Act 20022002 c. 131 May 2002An Act to provide for the supply to the Chief Electoral Officer for Northern Ireland of the signatures, dates of birth and national insurance numbers of electors and persons seeking registration as electors in Northern Ireland and of information relating to their period of residence in Northern Ireland and addresses in respect of which they are or have applied to be registered; for the use of that information in connection with elections in Northern Ireland; for the issue of electoral identity cards by the Chief Electoral Officer for Northern Ireland; for the modification in relation to voters with disabilities of certain rules about voting procedure in Northern Ireland; and for connected purposes.National Heritage Act 20022002 c. 141 May 2002An Act to make further provision in relation to the functions of the Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England; and for connected purposes.Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 20022002 c. 151 May 2002An Act to make provision about commonhold land and to amend the law about leasehold property.State Pension Credit Act 20022002 c. 1625 June 2002An Act to make provision for and in connection with a new social security benefit called state pension credit; and to amend section 47(1) of the Pension Schemes Act 1993.National Health Service Reform and Health Care Professions Act 20022002 c. 1725 June 2002An Act to amend the law about the national health service; to establish and make provision in connection with a Commission for Patient and Public Involvement in Health; to make provision in relation to arrangements for joint working between NHS bodies and the prison service, and between NHS bodies and local authorities in Wales; to make provision in connection with the regulation of health care professions; and for connected purposes.Appropriation Act 2002 (repealed)2002 c. 188 July 2002An Act to authorise the use of resources and the issue of sums out of the Consolidated Fund for the service of the year ending on 31st March 2003; to appropriate the supply authorised in this Session of Parliament; and to repeal certain Consolidated Fund and Appropriation Acts.National Insurance Contributions Act 20022002 c. 198 July 2002An Act to make provision for, and in connection with, increasing national insurance contributions and for applying the increases towards the cost of the national health service.Industrial and Provident Societies Act 2002 (repealed)2002 c. 208 July 2002An Act to enable the law relating to societies registered under the Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1965 to be amended so as to bring it into conformity with certain aspects of the law relating to companies; to amend the procedure whereby such a society may convert itself into, or amalgamate with or transfer its engagements to, a company; and for connected purposes.Tax Credits Act 20022002 c. 218 July 2002An Act to make provision for tax credits; to amend the law about child benefit and guardian's allowance; and for connected purposes.Employment Act 20022002 c. 228 July 2002An Act to make provision for statutory rights to paternity and adoption leave and pay; to amend the law relating to statutory maternity leave and pay; to amend the Employment Tribunals Act 1996; to make provision for the use of statutory procedures in relation to employment disputes; to amend the law relating to particulars of employment; to make provision about compromise agreements; to make provision for questionnaires in relation to equal pay; to make provision in connection with trade union learning representatives; to amend section 110 of the Employment Rights Act 1996; to make provision about fixed-term work; to make provision about flexible working; to amend the law relating to maternity allowance; to make provision for work-focused interviews for partners of benefit claimants; to make provision about the use of information for, or relating to, employment and training; and for connected purposes.Finance Act 20022002 c. 2324 July 2002An Act to grant certain duties, to alter other duties, and to amend the law relating to the National Debt and the Public Revenue, and to make further provision in connection with finance.European Parliamentary Elections Act 20022002 c. 2424 July 2002An Act to consolidate the European Parliamentary Elections Acts 1978, 1993 and 1999.Copyright, etc. and Trade Marks (Offences and Enforcement) Act 20022002 c. 2524 July 2002An Act to amend the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 in respect of criminal offences, search warrants, powers of seizure and orders for forfeiture; to amend the Trade Marks Act 1994 in respect of search warrants and powers of seizure; and for connected purposes.Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 20022002 c. 2624 July 2002An Act to make provision about the judiciary in Northern Ireland and to amend section 6 of the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876; to make provision about the law officers and other legal officers and the courts in Northern Ireland; to establish a Public Prosecution Service for Northern Ireland, a Chief Inspector of Criminal Justice in Northern Ireland and a Northern Ireland Law Commission; to amend the law of youth justice in Northern Ireland; to make provision for making available to victims of crime information about the release of offenders in Northern Ireland; to make provision about community safety in Northern Ireland; to amend the law of legal aid in Northern Ireland; and for connected purposes.Divorce (Religious Marriages) Act 20022002 c. 2724 July 2002An Act to make provision enabling a court to require the dissolution of a religious marriage before granting a civil divorce.Export Control Act 20022002 c. 2824 July 2002An Act to make provision enabling controls to be imposed on the exportation of goods, the transfer of technology, the provision of technical assistance overseas and activities connected with trade in controlled goods; and for connected purposes.Proceeds of Crime Act 20022002 c. 2924 July 2002An Act to establish the Assets Recovery Agency and make provision about the appointment of its Director and his functions (including Revenue functions), to provide for confiscation orders in relation to persons who benefit from criminal conduct and for restraint orders to prohibit dealing with property, to allow the recovery of property which is or represents property obtained through unlawful conduct or which is intended to be used in unlawful conduct, to make provision about money laundering, to make provision about investigations relating to benefit from criminal conduct or to property which is or represents property obtained through unlawful conduct or to money laundering, to make provision to give effect to overseas requests and orders made where property is found or believed to be obtained through criminal conduct, and for connected purposes.Police Reform Act 20022002 c. 3024 July 2002An Act to make new provision about the supervision, administration, functions and conduct of police forces, police officers and other persons serving with, or carrying out functions in relation to, the police; to amend police powers and to provide for the exercise of police powers by persons who are not police officers; to amend the law relating to anti-social behaviour orders; to amend the law relating to sex offender orders; and for connected purposes.Mobile Telephones (Re-programming) Act 20022002 c. 3124 July 2002An Act to create offences in respect of unique electronic equipment identifiers of mobile wireless communications devices.Education Act 20022002 c. 3224 July 2002An Act to make provision about education, training and childcare.Copyright (Visually Impaired Persons) Act 2002 (repealed)2002 c. 337 November 2002An Act to permit, without infringement of copyright, the transfer of copyright works to formats accessible to visually impaired persons.Employee Share Schemes Act 2002 (repealed)2002 c. 347 November 2002An Act to make provision relating to employee share schemes; and for connected purposes.Public Trustee (Liability and Fees) Act 20022002 c. 357 November 2002An Act to amend the Public Trustee Act 1906 in respect of the liability and fees of the Public Trustee; and for connected purposes.Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act 20022002 c. 367 November 2002An Act to control the advertising and promotion of tobacco products; and for connected purposes.Private Hire Vehicles (Carriage of Guide Dogs etc.) Act 20022002 c. 377 November 2002An Act to make provision for the carriage of disabled persons accompanied by guide dogs, hearing dogs or other assistance dogs by drivers and operators of private hire vehicles; and for connected purposes.Adoption and Children Act 20022002 c. 387 November 2002An Act to restate and amend the law relating to adoption; to make further amendments of the law relating to children; to amend section 93 of the Local Government Act 2000; and for connected purposes.Commonwealth Act 20022002 c. 397 November 2002An Act to amend the law with respect to the Commonwealth Institute; to make provision in connection with the admission of Cameroon and Mozambique to the Commonwealth; and for connected purposes.Enterprise Act 20022002 c. 407 November 2002An Act to establish and provide for the functions of the Office of Fair Trading, the Competition Appeal Tribunal and the Competition Service; to make provision about mergers and market structures and conduct; to amend the constitution and functions of the Competition Commission; to create an offence for those entering into certain anti-competitive agreements; to provide for the disqualification of directors of companies engaging in certain anti-competitive practices; to make other provision about competition law; to amend the law relating to the protection of the collective interests of consumers; to make further provision about the disclosure of information obtained under competition and consumer legislation; to amend the Insolvency Act 1986 and make other provision about insolvency; and for connected purposes.Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 20022002 c. 417 November 2002An Act to make provision about nationality, immigration and asylum; to create offences in connection with international traffic in prostitution; to make provision about international projects connected with migration; and for connected purposes.Animal Health Act 20022002 c. 427 November 2002An Act to amend the Animal Health Act 1981.
^ The section of the National Heritage Act 2002 conferring its short title originally stated that the Act was the "National Heritage Act 2001", but this was corrected by a correction slip in January 2003.
Local acts
Short title, or popular nameCitationRoyal assent (or the start of session)Long titleNational Australia Group Europe Act 20012001 c. v4 December 2001An Act to provide for the fusion of the undertakings of Clydesdale Bank PLC and Yorkshire Bank PLC by the transfer to Clydesdale Bank PLC of the undertaking of Yorkshire Bank PLC; and for connected purposes.Greenham and Crookham Commons Act 20022002 c. i1 May 2002An Act to restore land at and in the vicinity of the Greenham and Crookham Commons as common land open to the public; to make provision for the conservation of the natural beauty of that land; to grant public access over that land in perpetuity and to make provision with respect to that public access; to restore and extend commoners' rights over that land; to constitute the Greenham and Crookham Common Commission for the management of that land; to confer powers on the West Berkshire District Council and on that Commission with respect to that land; and for connected and other purposes.Land at Palace Avenue, Kensington (Acquisition of Freehold) Act 20022002 c. ii25 June 2002An Act to authorise the trustees of the Imperial Tobacco Pension Fund to acquire the freehold of land forming part of the Royal Garden Hotel, Kensington; and for connected purposes.HSBC Investment Banking Act 20022002 c. iii7 November 2002An Act to provide for the transfer of the investment banking business of HSBC Investment Bank plc to HSBC Bank plc and the transfer of the private banking business of HSBC Investment Bank plc to HSBC Republic Bank (UK) Limited; and for connected purposes.Barclays Group Reorganisation Act 20022002 c. iv7 November 2002An Act to provide for the reorganisation of the undertakings of Barclays Bank PLC and certain of its subsidiaries; and for related purposes.Milford Haven Port Authority Act 20022002 c. v7 November 2002An Act to alter the constitution of and confer further powers upon the Milford Haven Port Authority.City of London (Ward Elections) Act 20022002 c. vi7 November 2002An Act to make further provision with respect to the qualification of voters at ward elections in the city of London; and for connected purposes.
Notes
References
^ House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 258, p. 1.
^ House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 258, p. 818.
^ Acts of Parliament Numbering and Citation Act 1962, 10 & 11 Eliz. 2. c. 34, s. 1.
^ Law Commission; Scottish Law Commission, Report on the Interpretation Act 1889 and certain other enactments relating to the construction and operation of Acts of Parliament and other instruments (PDF), (Cmnd. 7235; Law Com. No. 90; Scot Law Com. No. 53, 1978) para. 7A; cf. An Act for shortening the Language used in Acts of Parliament, 13 & 14 Vict. c. 21, s. 3 (now rep.) and the Interpretation Act 1889, 52 & 53 Vict. c. 63, s. 35(1) (now rep.).
^ Erskine May, para. 30.75, archived from the original on 9 September 2021, retrieved 9 September 2021.
^ National Heritage Act 2002, 2002 c. 14, s. 8(1).
^ National Heritage Act 2002 Section 8 (January 2003), Correction (PDF){{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryuichi_Matsuda
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Ryuichi Matsuda
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["1 Biography","2 Selected publications","3 References","4 Further reading"]
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Japanese entomologist
Not to be confused with Ryuchi Matsuda.
Ryuichi MatsudaBornJuly 8, 1920DiedJune 19, 1986OccupationEntomologist
Ryuichi Matsuda (July 8, 1920 – June 19, 1986) was a Japanese entomologist and notable advocate of the extended evolutionary synthesis.
Biography
Matsuda obtained his PhD in entomology from Stanford University. He worked at the Biosystematics Research Institute of Canada (1968–1986). He wrote several works on the comparative morphology of insects and is most well known for his controversial book Animal Evolution in Changing Environments (1987).
He coined the term "pan-environmentalism" for an extended evolutionary synthesis which he saw as a fusion of Darwinism with neo-Lamarckism. He held that heterochrony is a main mechanism for evolutionary change and that novelty in evolution can be generated by genetic assimilation. His views were criticized by reviewers for being based on speculation. Arthur M. Shapiro noted that "Matsuda himself accepts too much at face value and is prone to wish-fulfilling interpretation." In contrast, John T. Polhemus positively reviewed the book, suggesting that it "should be on the shelf of anyone seriously interested in evolution theory".
Interest in Matsuda's research was revived by Brian K. Hall, Gerd B. Müller and others in the volume Environment, Development, and Evolution: Toward a Synthesis (2004) which was a tribute to his ideas.
Selected publications
Morphology and Evolution of the Insect Head (1965)
Morphology and Evolution of the Insect Thorax (1970)
Morphology and Evolution of the Insect Abdomen, with Special Reference to Developmental Patterns and their Bearings on Systematics (1976)
Animal Evolution in Changing Environments: With Special Reference to Abnormal Metamorphosis (1987)
References
^ Ando, H. (1988). Obituary: Ryuichi Matsuda, 1920-1986. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 7: 91-94.
^ a b c d Pearson, Roy Douglas (1988). "Animal Evolution in Changing Environments". Acta Biotheoretica. 37: 31–36. doi:10.1007/BF00050806.
^ a b Scheiner, Samuel M. (2004). "The Metamorphosis of Evo-Devo". BioScience. 54 (12): 1150–1151. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)0542.0.CO;2.
^ Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. (2005). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. p. 143. ISBN 0-521-82149-5
^ McCune, Amy R. (1988). Animal Evolution In Changing Environments by Ryuichi Matsuda. Science. New Series, Vol. 239, No. 4837. pp. 300-301.
^ Shaffer, H. Bradley; Grosberg, Richard K. (1989). Animal Evolution in Changing Environments with Special Reference to Abnormal Metamorphosis by Ryuichi Matsuda. Copeia. Vol. 1989, No. 4. pp. 1121-1122.
^ a b c Shapiro, Arthur M. (1988). "Animal Evolution in Changing Environments" (PDF). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 42 (2): 146–147. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-11-05.
^ Sang, James H. (1988). "Reviewed Work: Animal Evolution in Changing Environments with Special Reference to Abnormal Metamorphosis by Ryuichi Matsuda". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 63 (1): 83–84. doi:10.1086/415756. JSTOR 2828018.
^ Polhemus, John H. (1987). "Animal Evolution in Changing Environments with Special Reference to Abnormal Metamorphosis". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 83 (3): 654. doi:10.1093/aesa/83.3.654.
Further reading
Brian K. Hall, Roy D. Pearson, Gerd B. Müller. (2004). Environment, Development, and Evolution: Toward a Synthesis. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-08319-1
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
France
BnF data
Israel
United States
Netherlands
Other
IdRef
|
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He worked at the Biosystematics Research Institute of Canada (1968–1986).[3] He wrote several works on the comparative morphology of insects and is most well known for his controversial book Animal Evolution in Changing Environments (1987).[4][5][6]He coined the term \"pan-environmentalism\" for an extended evolutionary synthesis which he saw as a fusion of Darwinism with neo-Lamarckism.[2] He held that heterochrony is a main mechanism for evolutionary change and that novelty in evolution can be generated by genetic assimilation.[2][7] His views were criticized by reviewers for being based on speculation.[7][8] Arthur M. Shapiro noted that \"Matsuda himself accepts too much at face value and is prone to wish-fulfilling interpretation.\"[7] In contrast, John T. Polhemus positively reviewed the book, suggesting that it \"should be on the shelf of anyone seriously interested in evolution theory\".[9]Interest in Matsuda's research was revived by Brian K. Hall, Gerd B. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldorado_dos_Caraj%C3%A1s
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Eldorado do Carajás
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["1 See also","2 References"]
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Coordinates: 6°06′14″S 49°21′18″W / 6.10389°S 49.355°W / -6.10389; -49.355Municipality in Northern, BrazilEldorado do CarajásMunicipality
FlagCountry BrazilRegionNorthernStateParáMesoregionSudeste ParaenseMicroregionParauapebasPopulation (2020 ) • Total33,940Time zoneUTC−3 (BRT)
Eldorado do Carajás is a municipality in the state of Pará in the Northern region of Brazil, known for the massacre that occurred there, in 1996, when 19 landless peasants were killed by police troops.
See also
Eldorado do Carajás massacre
List of municipalities in Pará
References
^ IBGE 2020
^ "Divisão Territorial do Brasil" (in Portuguese). Divisão Territorial do Brasil e Limites Territoriais, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). July 1, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2009.
^ "Estimativas da população para 1º de julho de 2009" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Estimativas de População, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). August 14, 2009. Retrieved December 17, 2009.
^ "Ranking decrescente do IDH-M dos municípios do Brasil" (in Portuguese). Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano, Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). 2000. Archived from the original on October 3, 2009. Retrieved December 17, 2009.
^ "Produto Interno Bruto dos Municípios 2002-2005" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). December 19, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 2, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2009.
vte Municipalities of ParáCapital: BelémMesoregion Lower AmazonasAlmeirim
Almeirim
Porto de Moz
Óbidos
Faro
Juruti
Óbidos
Oriximiná
Terra Santa
Santarém
Alenquer
Belterra
Curuá
Mojuí dos Campos
Monte Alegre
Placas
Prainha
Santarém
Mesoregion MarajóArari
Cachoeira do Arari
Chaves
Muaná
Ponta de Pedras
Salvaterra
Santa Cruz do Arari
Soure
Furos de Breves
Afuá
Anajás
Breves
Curralinho
São Sebastião da Boa Vista
Portel
Bagre
Gurupá
Melgaço
Portel
Mesoregion Metropolitan BelémBelém
Ananindeua
Barcarena
Belém
Benevides
Marituba
Santa Bárbara do Pará
Castanhal
Bujaru
Castanhal
Inhangapi
Santa Isabel do Pará
Santo Antônio do Tauá
Mesoregion Northeastern ParáBragantina
Augusto Corrêa
Bonito
Bragança
Capanema
Igarapé-Açu
Nova Timboteua
Peixe-Boi
Primavera
Quatipuru
Santa Maria do Pará
Santarém Novo
São Francisco do Pará
Tracuateua
Cametá
Abaetetuba
Baião
Cametá
Igarapé-Miri
Limoeiro do Ajuru
Mocajuba
Oeiras do Pará
Guamá
Aurora do Pará
Cachoeira do Piriá
Capitão Poço
Garrafão do Norte
Ipixuna do Pará
Irituia
Mãe do Rio
Nova Esperança do Piriá
Ourém
Santa Luzia do Pará
São Domingos do Capim
São Miguel do Guamá
Viseu
Salgado
Colares
Curuçá
Magalhães Barata
Maracanã
Marapanim
Salinópolis
São Caetano de Odivelas
São João da Ponta
São João de Pirabas
Terra Alta
Vigia
Tomé-Açu
Acará
Concórdia do Pará
Moju
Tailândia
Tomé-Açu
Mesoregion Southeastern ParáConceição do Araguaia
Conceição do Araguaia
Floresta do Araguaia
Santa Maria das Barreiras
Santana do Araguaia
Marabá
Brejo Grande do Araguaia
Marabá
Palestina do Pará
São Domingos do Araguaia
São João do Araguaia
Paragominas
Abel Figueiredo
Bom Jesus do Tocantins
Dom Eliseu
Goianésia do Pará
Paragominas
Rondon do Pará
Ulianópolis
Parauapebas
Água Azul do Norte
Canaã dos Carajás
Curionópolis
Eldorado dos Carajás
Parauapebas
Redenção
Pau d'Arco
Piçarra
Redenção
Rio Maria
São Geraldo do Araguaia
Sapucaia
Xinguara
São Félix do Xingu
Bannach
Cumaru do Norte
Ourilândia do Norte
São Félix do Xingu
Tucumã
Tucurui
Breu Branco
Itupiranga
Jacundá
Nova Ipixuna
Novo Repartimento
Tucuruí
Mesoregion Southwestern ParáAltamira
Altamira
Anapu
Brasil Novo
Medicilândia
Pacajá
Senador José Porfírio
Uruará
Vitória do Xingu
Itaituba
Aveiro
Itaituba
Jacareacanga
Novo Progresso
Rurópolis
Trairão
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
United States
6°06′14″S 49°21′18″W / 6.10389°S 49.355°W / -6.10389; -49.355
This Pará, Brazil location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Divisão Territorial do Brasil\" (in Portuguese). Divisão Territorial do Brasil e Limites Territoriais, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). July 1, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://geoftp.ibge.gov.br/organizacao_do_territorio/estrutura_territorial/divisao_territorial/2008/dtb_2008.zip","url_text":"\"Divisão Territorial do Brasil\""}]},{"reference":"\"Estimativas da população para 1º de julho de 2009\" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Estimativas de População, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). August 14, 2009. Retrieved December 17, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2009/POP2009_DOU.pdf","url_text":"\"Estimativas da população para 1º de julho de 2009\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF","url_text":"PDF"}]},{"reference":"\"Ranking decrescente do IDH-M dos municípios do Brasil\" (in Portuguese). Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano, Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). 2000. Archived from the original on October 3, 2009. Retrieved December 17, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091003103229/http://www.pnud.org.br/atlas/ranking/IDH-M%2091%2000%20Ranking%20decrescente%20%28pelos%20dados%20de%202000%29.htm","url_text":"\"Ranking decrescente do IDH-M dos municípios do Brasil\""},{"url":"http://www.pnud.org.br/atlas/ranking/IDH-M%2091%2000%20Ranking%20decrescente%20(pelos%20dados%20de%202000).htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Produto Interno Bruto dos Municípios 2002-2005\" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). December 19, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 2, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081002024524/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2005/tab01.pdf","url_text":"\"Produto Interno Bruto dos Municípios 2002-2005\""},{"url":"http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2005/tab01.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designated_Player
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Designated Player Rule
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["1 History","2 Background","3 Current Designated Players","4 Club DP history","4.1 Atlanta United FC","4.2 Austin FC","4.3 Charlotte FC","4.4 Chicago Fire FC","4.5 Chivas USA (defunct)","4.6 FC Cincinnati","4.7 Colorado Rapids","4.8 Columbus Crew","4.9 FC Dallas","4.10 D.C. United","4.11 Houston Dynamo FC","4.12 Inter Miami CF","4.13 Sporting Kansas City","4.14 LA Galaxy","4.15 Los Angeles FC","4.16 Minnesota United FC","4.17 CF Montréal","4.18 Nashville SC","4.19 New England Revolution","4.20 New York City FC","4.21 New York Red Bulls","4.22 Orlando City SC","4.23 Philadelphia Union","4.24 Portland Timbers","4.25 Real Salt Lake","4.26 St. Louis City SC","4.27 San Diego FC","4.28 San Jose Earthquakes","4.29 Seattle Sounders FC","4.30 Toronto FC","4.31 Vancouver Whitecaps FC","5 Past and present Designated Players by country","6 See also","7 References","8 External links"]
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Major League Soccer rule
David Beckham was the league's first Designated Player, with the rule being nicknamed the "Beckham Rule".
The Designated Player Rule, nicknamed the Beckham Rule, allows Major League Soccer franchises to sign up to three players that would be considered outside their salary cap (either by offering the player higher wages or by paying a transfer fee for the player). The rule, which was adopted ahead of the 2007 MLS season, enables teams to compete for star players in the international football market. The rule is one of two mechanisms by which MLS teams may exceed their salary cap, the other being allocation money. As of December 2019, there have been 209 Designated Players in league history.
The rule is informally named after David Beckham, in anticipation of MLS teams signing lucrative deals with internationally recognized players, after Beckham entered into negotiations to join the league. Beckham was the first player signed under this rule, signing a five-year contract with the Los Angeles Galaxy in 2007 with a guaranteed annual salary of $6.5 million.
History
The team salary cap was estimated to be around US$1.9 million in 2006, was $2.1 million in 2007, and was raised to $2.3 million for the 2008 season. As part of the 2010 Collective Bargaining Agreement between MLS and the MLS Players' Union, the 2010 salary cap was $2.55 million, with an automatic five percent increase each year until the expiration of the agreement at the end of the 2014 season.
Under the 2007 rule:
The rule expires at the end of the 2009 season, and must be renewed then or allowed to lapse.
For each Designated Player, $400,000 of his salary is charged to the salary cap and paid by the league, with any remaining salary being paid by the team's owner. This value was increased for the 2009 season to $415,000.
Prior to the 2007 season, there were three players whose salary exceeded $400,000. These players were Landon Donovan, Carlos Ruiz, and Eddie Johnson. According to the rule, these players were grandfathered in for the 2007 season, and the exemption was extended after the 2007 season, with the league planning to review the issue at a future date. It was possible that the league would be required to renegotiate these players' contracts or consider them Designated Players. However, prior to the start of the 2008 season, Johnson moved to Fulham of the Premier League, while following Dwayne De Rosario's signing by Toronto FC in January 2009, Ruiz was released by the club and left MLS to play for Olimpia Asunción. This left Donovan as the lone player whose 2009 salary remained grandfathered under the exemption provision. However, there were several more players whose guaranteed salary exceeded the Designated Player amount, but whose salary cap expense was actually lower than their true salary due to the allocation rule. These players include Shalrie Joseph ($450,000), Christian Gomez ($430,000), Dwayne De Rosario ($425,750), and Taylor Twellman ($420,000).
Each team initially had one Designated Player spot, but could trade their Designated Spot to another team; teams were allowed a maximum of two Designated Players.
Only $325,000 of a team's second Designated Player counted against the salary cap, which was increased to $335,000 in 2009.
The 2010 changes:
The rule has no expiration date.
For each Designated Player, $335,000 of his salary is charged to the salary cap and paid by the league ($167,500 for DP players joining during the MLS summer transfer window), with any remaining salary being paid by the team's owner. This amount is halved for Designated Players signed in the middle of the season. The salary cap value of Designated Players can also be reduced using allocation money. Finally, teams whose Designated Players transfer abroad in the middle of a season can recoup part of the Designated Players' salary cap value.
Landon Donovan is no longer grandfathered into the rule and must be considered a Designated Player.
Each team is allowed two Designated Player spots, and they can no longer trade their Designated Player spots. The New York Red Bulls will receive $70,000 in allocation money in return for the nullification of their 2007 trade with Chivas USA for an additional Designated Player spot. This means that both New York and Chivas USA will have two Designated Player spots for the 2010 season.
Teams can pay a $250,000 "luxury tax" for the right to sign a third Designated Player. This $250,000 would be distributed equally to all MLS teams that have not signed a third Designated Player in the form of allocation money.
The 2012 changes:
Starting with the 2012 season, the rule was changed with respect to younger players. MLS announced the changes in August 2011 after clubs expressed concern about signing young international players with no guarantees that they would develop into stars.
Designated Players over the age of 23 will carry a salary budget charge of $350,000, unless the player joins his club in the middle of the season, in which case his budget charge will be $175,000.
Designated Players 21–23 years old count as $200,000 against the club's salary budget.
Designated Players 20 years old or younger count as $150,000 against the club's salary budget.
The budget charge for the midseason signing of a young Designated Player (23 years old and younger) is $150,000 and this amount cannot be lowered with allocation funds.
Clubs will not have to buy the third DP roster slot to accommodate Designated Players 23 years old and younger.
Age of player is determined by year (not date) of birth.
The maximum budget charge for Designated Players over age 23 was increased to $368,750 for 2013, $387,500 in 2014, $436,250 in 2015, $457,500 in 2016, and $480,625 in 2017. The budget charge for those who join during the midseason transfer window has remained at one-half of the full-season cap charge since the inception of the rule. The budget charges for younger players have not changed since 2012.
Background
The rule is informally named after David Beckham, in anticipation of MLS teams signing lucrative deals with internationally recognized players of Beckham's caliber. Beckham was the first player to be signed under this rule, signing a lucrative contract with the Los Angeles Galaxy worth up to $250 million over five years, with direct guaranteed compensation from MLS and Galaxy at $6.5 million a year.
Current Designated Players
As of 16 June 2024
Year signed as DP
Player
Nationality
Current club
2024 guaranteed compensation
2017
Albert Rusnák
Seattle Sounders
$2,221,667
2018
Raúl Ruidíaz
Seattle Sounders
$2,729,120
2019
Johnny Russell
Sporting Kansas City
$1,000,000
2019
Carles Gil
New England Revolution
$4,452,083
2020
Hany Mukhtar
Nashville SC
$5,211,667
2020
Darlington Nagbe
Columbus Crew
$1,540,000
2020
Alan Pulido
Sporting Kansas City
$3,600,000
2020
Cristian Espinoza
San Jose Earthquakes
$2,002,000
2020
Victor Wanyama
CF Montréal
$1,800,000
2021
Luciano Acosta
FC Cincinnati
$4,216,413
2021
Kévin Cabral
Colorado Rapids
$1,950,000
2021
Talles Magno
New York City FC
$1,198,000
2021
Sebastián Driussi
Austin FC
$6,722,500
2021
Ryan Gauld
Vancouver Whitecaps
$2,985,000
2022
Alexander Ring
Austin FC
$1,665,000
2022
Julián Carranza
Philadelphia Union
$1,000,000
2022
Sebastián Ferreira
Houston Dynamo
$2,290,200
2022
Jesús Ferreira
FC Dallas
$2,204,000
2022
Facundo Torres
Orlando City
$1,812,400
2022
Mikael Uhre
Philadelphia Union
$2,040,000
2022
Alan Velasco
FC Dallas
$1,451,000
2022
Thiago Martins
New York City FC
$2,462,000
2022
Thiago Almada
Atlanta United
$2,232,000
2022
Xherdan Shaqiri
Chicago Fire
$8,153,000
2022
Obinna Nwobodo
FC Cincinnati
$1,289,400
2022
Andrés Cubas
Vancouver Whitecaps
$1,146,375
2022
Walker Zimmerman
Nashville SC
$3,456,979
2022
Héctor Herrera
Houston Dynamo
$5,246,875
2022
Cucho Hernández
Columbus Crew
$2,886,000
2022
Lorenzo Insigne
Toronto FC
$15,400,000
2022
Giacomo Vrioni
New England Revolution
$1,947,500
2022
Federico Bernardeschi
Toronto FC
$6,295,381
2022
Christian Benteke
D.C. United
$4,432,778
2022
Denis Bouanga
Los Angeles FC
$3,609,500
2023
João Klauss
St. Louis City
$1,370,284
2023
Eduard Löwen
St. Louis City
$1,344,250
2023
Evander
Portland Timbers
$2,355,000
2023
Dániel Gazdag
Philadelphia Union
$1,757,500
2023
Martín Ojeda
Orlando City
$972,600
2023
Mateusz Klich
D.C. United
$2,093,588
2023
Leonardo Campana
Inter Miami
$722,333
2023
Carlos Gruezo
San Jose Earthquakes
$1,681,086
2023
Dante Vanzeir
New York Red Bulls
$1,489,767
2023
Riqui Puig
LA Galaxy
$2,449,996
2023
Santiago Rodríguez
New York City FC
$1,331,333
2023
Cristian Arango
Real Salt Lake
$2,088,746
2023
Aaron Boupendza
FC Cincinnati
$1,759,600
2023
Teemu Pukki
Minnesota United
$3,550,000
2023
Rafael Navarro
Colorado Rapids
$1,427,708
2023
Lionel Messi
Inter Miami
$20,446,667
2023
Sergio Busquets
Inter Miami
$8,774,996
2023
Sam Surridge
Nashville SC
$2,907,639
2023
Diego Rossi
Columbus Crew
$3,376,827
2024
Tomás Chancalay
New England Revolution
$1,010,000
2024
Emil Forsberg
New York Red Bulls
$6,035,625
2024
Djordje Mihailovic
Colorado Rapids
$1,675,000
2024
Pedro de la Vega
Seattle Sounders
$1,164,000
2024
Gabriel Pec
LA Galaxy
$2,459,000
2024
Petar Musa
FC Dallas
$2,230,000
2024
Hugo Cuypers
Chicago Fire
$3,528,044
2024
Luis Muriel
Orlando City
$4,336,150
2024
Joseph Paintsil
LA Galaxy
$3,358,000
2024
Stian Rode Gregersen
Atlanta United
$1,120,000
2024
Liel Abada
Charlotte FC
$2,448,500
2024
Jonathan Rodríguez
Portland Timbers
$n/a
2024
Hernán López
San Jose Earthquakes
$n/a
2024
Ezequiel Ponce
Houston Dynamo
$n/a
2024
Olivier Giroud
Los Angeles FC
$n/a
2024
Osman Bukari
Austin FC
$n/a
2025
Hirving Lozano
San Diego FC
$n/a
Notes
Chart indicates when players signed their current Designated Player contract, not necessarily their first year in MLS.
Other players in MLS may also be paid a salary that takes them above the Designated Player threshold, but they have had their salary reduced against the salary cap using General or Targeted Allocation Money.
Player salaries may be below the Designated Player threshold, but their transfer fee might mean the total compensation takes them above the threshold.
Player salaries include compensation from their MLS contract, not including any bonuses or compensation from contracts with individual teams or their affiliates.
Club DP history
As of 14 May 2024
Notes
The below list indicates players who have had their contract assigned as a Designated Player (DP) contract during their time in MLS. Players may have not always have had a DP contract, or have later had their contract negotiated below a DP level. Similarly, some players have been in MLS whose salary has been at a DP level, but the club has opted to bring their salary below the DP threshold using General Allocation Money or Targeted Allocation Money. Their listed "Years as DP" indicates what seasons they were active as a DP for that club only. Players in bold are currently signed to a DP contract by their club.
Former MLS sides Miami Fusion and Tampa Bay Mutiny were dissolved before the introduction of the Designated Player Rule.
Atlanta United FC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Héctor Villalba
San Lorenzo
2017
Miguel Almirón
Lanús
2017–2018
Josef Martínez
Torino
2017–2022
Esequiel Barco
Independiente
2018–2021
Pity Martínez
River Plate
2019–2020
Marcelino Moreno
Lanús
2020
Alan Franco
Independiente
2021
Luiz Araújo
Lille
2021–2023
Thiago Almada
Vélez Sarsfield
2022–
Giorgos Giakoumakis
Celtic
2023–2024
Saba Lobzhanidze
Hatayspor
2023
Stian Rode Gregersen
Bordeaux
2024–
Austin FC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Cecilio Domínguez
Independiente
2021–2022
Tomás Pochettino
Talleres
2021
Sebastián Driussi
Zenit Saint Petersburg
2021–
Alexander Ring
New York City FC
2022–
Emiliano Rigoni
São Paulo
2022–2024
Osman Bukari
Red Star Belgrade
2024–
Charlotte FC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Jordy Alcívar
L.D.U. Quito
2022
Karol Świderski
PAOK
2022–2023
Kamil Jóźwiak
Derby County
2022–2023
Enzo Copetti
Racing Club
2023–2024
Liel Abada
Celtic
2024–
Chicago Fire FC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Cuauhtémoc Blanco
América
2007–2009
Freddie Ljungberg
Seattle Sounders
2010
Nery Castillo
Shakhtar Donetsk
2010
Álvaro Fernández
Seattle Sounders
2012–2013
Sherjill MacDonald
Germinal Beerschot
2012–2013
Federico Puppo
Danubio
2012–2014
Egidio Arévalo Ríos
Tijuana
2013
Juan Luis Anangonó
El Nacional
2013–2014
Gilberto
Toronto FC
2015–2016
David Accam
Helsingborg
2015–2017
Shaun Maloney
Wigan Athletic
2015
Kennedy Igboananike
AIK
2015–2016
Nemanja Nikolić
Legia Warsaw
2017–2019
Bastian Schweinsteiger
Manchester United
2017–2019
Aleksandar Katai
Alavés
2019
Robert Berić
Saint-Étienne
2020–2021
Ignacio Aliseda
Defensa y Justicia
2020–2021
Gastón Giménez
Vélez Sarsfield
2020–2022
Xherdan Shaqiri
Lyon
2022–
Jairo Torres
Atlas
2022–2023
Ousmane Doumbia
Lugano
2023
Hugo Cuypers
Gent
2024–
Chivas USA (defunct)
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Juan Pablo Ángel
LA Galaxy
2011–2012
Oswaldo Minda
Deportivo Quito
2012–2014
Shalrie Joseph
New England Revolution
2012
Erick Torres
Guadalajara
2013–2014
Mauro Rosales
Seattle Sounders
2014
FC Cincinnati
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Fanendo Adi
Portland Timbers
2019
Allan Cruz
Herediano
2019–2020
Yuya Kubo
Gent
2020, 2021–2022
Jürgen Locadia
Brighton & Hove Albion
2020–2021
Brenner
São Paulo
2021–2023
Luciano Acosta
Atlas
2021–
Obinna Nwobodo
Göztepe
2022–
Aaron Boupendza
Al-Shabab
2023–
Colorado Rapids
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Gabriel Torres
Zamora
2013–2015
Juan Edgardo Ramírez
Argentinos Juniors
2015–2017
Kevin Doyle
Wolverhampton Wanderers
2015–2016
Shkëlzen Gashi
Basel
2016–2018
Tim Howard
Everton
2016–2019
Younes Namli
Krasnodar
2020–2021
Gyasi Zardes
Columbus Crew
2022
Kévin Cabral
LA Galaxy
2023–
Andreas Maxsø
Brøndby
2023
Rafael Navarro
Palmeiras
2023–
Djordje Mihailovic
AZ
2023–
Columbus Crew
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Guillermo Barros Schelotto
Boca Juniors
2009–2010
Andrés Mendoza
Diyarbakırspor
2010–2011
Federico Higuaín
Colón
2012–2019
Kei Kamara
Middlesbrough
2016
Jonathan Mensah
Anzhi Makhachkala
2017
Pedro Santos
Braga
2017–2019
Gyasi Zardes
LA Galaxy
2019–2022
Darlington Nagbe
Atlanta United
2020–
Lucas Zelarayán
Tigres UANL
2020–2023
Cucho Hernández
Watford
2022–
Diego Rossi
Fenerbahçe
2023–
FC Dallas
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Denílson
Al-Nassr
2007
David Ferreira
Atlético Paranaense
2009–2013
Fabián Castillo
Deportivo Cali
2011–2015
Julian de Guzman
Toronto FC
2012
Eric Hassli
Toronto FC
2013
Mauro Díaz
River Plate
2013–2016
Andrés Ramiro Escobar
Dynamo Kyiv
2014
David Texeira
Groningen
2014–2015
Carlos Gruezo
VfB Stuttgart
2016–2018
Aníbal Chalá
El Nacional
2017
Cristian Colmán
Nacional Asunción
2017–2018
Santiago Mosquera
Millonarios
2018–2020
Bryan Acosta
Tenerife
2019–2021
Pablo Aránguiz
Unión Española
2019
Franco Jara
Pachuca
2020–2022
Jesús Ferreira
FC Dallas Academy
2022–
Alan Velasco
Independiente
2022–
Petar Musa
Benfica
2024–
D.C. United
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Luciano Emílio
Olimpia
2008–2009
Marcelo Gallardo
Paris Saint-Germain
2008
Branko Bošković
Rapid Wien
2010–2012
Dwayne De Rosario
New York Red Bulls
2011–2013
Hamdi Salihi
Rapid Wien
2012
Rafael Gladiador
Bahia
2013
Eddie Johnson
Seattle Sounders
2014–2015
Fabián Espíndola
New York Red Bulls
2015–2016
Paul Arriola
Tijuana
2017–2021
Wayne Rooney
Everton
2018–2019
Lucas Rodríguez
Estudiantes
2019
Edison Flores
Morelia
2020–2022
Taxiarchis Fountas
Rapid Wien
2022–2023
Victor Pálsson
Schalke 04
2022
Christian Benteke
Crystal Palace
2022–
Mateusz Klich
Leeds United
2023–
Matti Peltola
HJK
2024–
Houston Dynamo FC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Luis Ángel Landín
Morelia
2009–2010
Boniek García
Olimpia
2012–2014
Giles Barnes
Doncaster Rovers
2012–2016
Alexander López
Olimpia
2013–2014
DaMarcus Beasley
Puebla
2014–2016
Mauro Manotas
Uniautónoma
2015–2016, 2020
Erick Torres
Guadalajara
2015–2017
Alberth Elis
Monterrey
2017–2020
Tomás Martínez
Braga
2017–2019
Darwin Quintero
Minnesota United
2020–2021
Teenage Hadebe
Yeni Malatyaspor
2021–2023
Sebastián Ferreira
Libertad
2022–
Héctor Herrera
Atlético Madrid
2022–
Ezequiel Ponce
AEK Athens
2024–
Inter Miami CF
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Matías Pellegrini
Estudiantes
2020
Rodolfo Pizarro
Monterrey
2020–2023
Gonzalo Higuaín
Juventus
2020–2022
Blaise Matuidi
Juventus
2021
Gregore
Bahia
2021–2023
Alejandro Pozuelo
Toronto FC
2022
Leonardo Campana
Wolverhampton Wanderers
2023–
Lionel Messi
Paris Saint-Germain
2023–
Sergio Busquets
Barcelona
2023–
Sporting Kansas City
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Claudio López
Racing Club
2008
Omar Bravo
Guadalajara
2011
Jéferson
Vasco da Gama
2011
Claudio Bieler
L.D.U. Quito
2013–2014
Matt Besler
University of Notre Dame
2014–2016
Graham Zusi
University of Maryland
2014–2017
Roger Espinoza
Wigan Athletic
2015–2018
Diego Rubio
Valladolid
2016
Gerso Fernandes
Belenenses
2017
Yohan Croizet
Mechelen
2018–2019
Felipe Gutiérrez
Real Betis
2018–2020
Johnny Russell
Derby County
2019–
Alan Pulido
Guadalajara
2020–
Gadi Kinda
Beitar Jerusalem
2021–2023
LA Galaxy
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
David Beckham
Real Madrid
2007–2012
Landon Donovan
Bayer Leverkusen
2010–2014
Juan Pablo Ángel
New York Red Bulls
2011
Robbie Keane
Tottenham Hotspur
2011–2016
Omar Gonzalez
University of Maryland
2013–2015
Steven Gerrard
Liverpool
2015–2016
Giovani dos Santos
Villarreal
2015–2018
Jelle Van Damme
Standard Liège
2016–2017
Romain Alessandrini
Marseille
2017–2019
Jonathan dos Santos
Villarreal
2017–2021
Zlatan Ibrahimović
Manchester United
2019
Cristian Pavón
Boca Juniors
2020
Javier Hernández
Sevilla
2020–2023
Kévin Cabral
Valenciennes
2021–2022
Douglas Costa
Juventus
2022–2023
Riqui Puig
Barcelona
2023–
Gabriel Pec
Vasco da Gama
2024–
Joseph Paintsil
Genk
2024–
Los Angeles FC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Carlos Vela
Real Sociedad
2018–2023
Diego Rossi
Peñarol
2018–2021
André Horta
Benfica
2018–2019
Brian Rodríguez
Peñarol
2019–2021
Denis Bouanga
Saint-Étienne
2022–
Olivier Giroud
AC Milan
2024–
Minnesota United FC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Darwin Quintero
América
2018–2019
Ángelo Rodríguez
Deportes Tolima
2018–2019
Ján Greguš
Copenhagen
2019–2021
Thomás Chacón
Danubio
2019–2020
Emanuel Reynoso
Boca Juniors
2020–2024
Adrien Hunou
Rennes
2021–2022
Luis Amarilla
Vélez Sarsfield
2022–2023
Ménder García
Once Caldas
2022–2023
Teemu Pukki
Norwich City
2023–
CF Montréal
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Marco Di Vaio
Bologna
2012–2014
Hernán Bernardello
Almería
2013–2014
Ignacio Piatti
San Lorenzo
2014–2019
Didier Drogba
Chelsea
2015–2016
Lucas Ontivero
Galatasaray
2016
Blerim Džemaili
Bologna
2017
Saphir Taïder
Bologna
2018–2020
Victor Wanyama
Tottenham Hotspur
2020–
Aljaž Struna
Houston Dynamo
2021
Djordje Mihailovic
Chicago Fire
2021
Nashville SC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Hany Mukhtar
Brøndby
2020–
Randall Leal
Saprissa
2020–2021
Jhonder Cádiz
Benfica
2020–2021
Aké Arnaud Loba
Monterrey
2021–2023
Walker Zimmerman
Los Angeles FC
2022–
Sam Surridge
Nottingham Forest
2023–
New England Revolution
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Milton Caraglio
Rosario Central
2011
Shalrie Joseph
New York Freedom
2012
Jerry Bengtson
Motagua
2012–2014
Jermaine Jones
Beşiktaş
2014–2015
José Gonçalves
Sion
2016
Xavier Kouassi
Sion
2016–2017
Kei Kamara
Columbus Crew
2016–2017
Claude Dielna
Sheffield Wednesday
2018
Carles Gil
Deportivo La Coruña
2019–
Gustavo Bou
Tijuana
2019–2023
Adam Buksa
Pogoń Szczecin
2020–2022
Giacomo Vrioni
Juventus
2022–
Tomás Chancalay
Racing Club
2024–
New York City FC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
David Villa
Atlético Madrid
2014–2018
Frank Lampard
Manchester City
2015–2016
Andrea Pirlo
Juventus
2015–2017
Maximiliano Moralez
León
2017–2021
Jesús Medina
Libertad
2018–2021
Alexandru Mitriță
Universitatea Craiova
2019–2020
Talles Magno
Vasco da Gama
2021–
Thiago Martins
Yokohama F. Marinos
2022–
Santiago Rodríguez
Montevideo City Torque
2023–
New York Red Bulls
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Claudio Reyna
Manchester City
2007–2008
Juan Pablo Ángel
Aston Villa
2007–2010
Thierry Henry
Barcelona
2010–2014
Rafael Márquez
Barcelona
2010–2012
Frank Rost
Hamburger SV
2011
Tim Cahill
Everton
2012–2014
Bradley Wright-Phillips
Charlton Athletic
2015–2016, 2017–2019
Gonzalo Verón
San Lorenzo
2015–2017
Sacha Kljestan
Anderlecht
2016–2017
Omer Damari
RB Leipzig
2016
Kaku
Huracán
2018–2021
Josh Sims
Southampton
2019–2020
Dru Yearwood
Brentford
2020–2021
Patryk Klimala
Celtic
2021–2022
Luquinhas
Legia Warsaw
2022–2023
Dante Vanzeir
Union SG
2023–
Emil Forsberg
RB Leipzig
2024–
Orlando City SC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Kaká
Milan
2014–2017
Carlos Rivas
Deportivo Cali
2015–2017
Bryan Róchez
Real España
2015–2016
Matías Pérez García
San Jose Earthquakes
2016–2017
Giles Barnes
Vancouver Whitecaps
2017
Yoshimar Yotún
Malmö FF
2017
Dom Dwyer
Sporting Kansas City
2018–2020
Sacha Kljestan
New York Red Bulls
2018
Josué Colmán
Cerro Porteño
2018–2019
Nani
Sporting CP
2019–2021
Mauricio Pereyra
Krasnodar
2019–2022
Facundo Torres
Peñarol
2022–
Ercan Kara
Rapid Wien
2022–2023
Martín Ojeda
Godoy Cruz
2023–
Luis Muriel
Atalanta
2024–
Philadelphia Union
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Freddy Adu
Benfica
2011–2012
José Kléberson
Bahia
2013
Cristian Maidana
Rangers de Talca
2014–2015
Maurice Edu
Stoke City
2014–2017
Fernando Aristeguieta
Nantes
2015
Alejandro Bedoya
Nantes
2016–2019
Bořek Dočkal
Henan Jianye
2018
Marco Fabián
Eintracht Frankfurt
2019
Jamiro Monteiro
Metz
2020–2021
Julián Carranza
Inter Miami
2022–
Mikael Uhre
Brøndby
2022–
Dániel Gazdag
Budapest Honvéd
2023–
Portland Timbers
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Diego Chará
Deportes Tolima
2011–2013
Kris Boyd
Eskişehirspor
2012
Diego Valeri
Lanús
2013–2019
Fanendo Adi
Copenhagen
2014–2015, 2016–2018
Liam Ridgewell
West Bromwich Albion
2014–2016
Lucas Melano
Lanús
2015–2016, 2019
Sebastián Blanco
San Lorenzo
2017–2023
Brian Fernández
Necaxa
2019
Yimmi Chará
Atlético Mineiro
2020–2023
Jarosław Niezgoda
Legia Warsaw
2020–2023
Evander
Midtjylland
2023–
Jonathan Rodríguez
América
2024–
Real Salt Lake
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Álvaro Saborío
Sion
2011–2015
Javier Morales
Vecindario
2011–2015
Kyle Beckerman
Colorado Rapids
2015
Joao Plata
Toronto FC
2015–2016
Sebastián Jaime
Unión Española
2014–2015
Juan Manuel Martínez
Boca Juniors
2015–2016
Yura Movsisyan
Spartak Moscow
2016–2017
Albert Rusnák
Groningen
2017–2021
Jefferson Savarino
Zulia Atlético Mineiro
2017–20192022–2023
Sam Johnson
Vålerenga
2019–2020
Jeizon Ramírez
Deportivo Táchira
2020–2021
Damir Kreilach
Union Berlin
2020–2023
Cristian Arango
Pachuca
2023–
St. Louis City SC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
João Klauss
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim
2023–
Eduard Löwen
Hertha BSC
2023–
San Diego FC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Hirving Lozano
PSV Eindhoven
2025–
San Jose Earthquakes
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Geovanni
Hull City
2010
Chris Wondolowski
Houston Dynamo
2013–2019
Matías Pérez García
Tigre
2014–2016
Innocent Emeghara
Qarabağ
2015–2016
Simon Dawkins
Derby County
2016–2017
Valeri Qazaishvili
Vitesse
2017–2020
Magnus Eriksson
Djurgårdens IF
2018
Cristian Espinoza
Villarreal
2020–
Javier Eduardo López
Guadalajara
2021–2022
Jamiro Monteiro
Philadelphia Union
2022–2023
Carlos Gruezo
FC Augsburg
2023–
Hernán López
Godoy Cruz
2024–
Seattle Sounders FC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Freddie Ljungberg
West Ham United
2009–2010
Álvaro Fernández
Nacional
2010–2012
Blaise Nkufo
Twente
2010
Fredy Montero
Deportivo Cali
2011-2012
Mauro Rosales
River Plate
2011–2013
Christian Tiffert
Kaiserslautern
2012–2013
Shalrie Joseph
Chivas USA
2013
Obafemi Martins
Levante
2013–2015
Clint Dempsey
Tottenham Hotspur
2013–2018
Osvaldo Alonso
Charleston Battery
2014–2018
Nelson Valdez
Eintracht Frankfurt
2015–2016
Nicolás Lodeiro
Boca Juniors
2016–2023
Raúl Ruidíaz
Morelia
2018–
Víctor Rodríguez
Sporting Gijón
2019
Xavier Arreaga
Barcelona S.C.
2019
João Paulo
Botafogo
2020–2021
Albert Rusnák
Real Salt Lake
2022–
Pedro de la Vega
Lanús
2024–
Toronto FC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Julian de Guzman
Deportivo La Coruña
2009–2012
Mista
Deportivo La Coruña
2010
Danny Koevermans
PSV Eindhoven
2011–2013
Torsten Frings
Werder Bremen
2011–2012
Eric Hassli
Vancouver Whitecaps
2012
Matías Laba
Argentinos Juniors
2013
Gilberto
Internacional
2014
Michael Bradley
Roma
2014–2019
Jermain Defoe
Tottenham Hotspur
2014–2015
Sebastian Giovinco
Juventus
2015–2018
Jozy Altidore
Sunderland
2015–2021
Alejandro Pozuelo
Genk
2019–2022
Pablo Piatti
Espanyol
2020
Yeferson Soteldo
Santos
2021
Carlos Salcedo
Tigres UANL
2022
Lorenzo Insigne
Napoli
2022–
Federico Bernardeschi
Juventus
2022–
Jonathan Osorio
SC Toronto
2023–
Vancouver Whitecaps FC
Player
Previous club
Years as DP
Eric Hassli
Zürich
2011–2012
Mustapha Jarju
Mons
2011
Barry Robson
Middlesbrough
2012
Kenny Miller
Cardiff City
2012–2014
Matías Laba
Toronto FC
2014–2017
Mauro Rosales
Chivas USA
2014
Pedro Morales
Málaga
2014–2016
Octavio Rivero
O'Higgins
2015–2016
Fredy Montero
Tianjin TEDA Sporting CP
20172019
Brek Shea
Orlando City
2017–2018
Kendall Waston
Saprissa
2018
Hwang In-beom
Daejeon Citizen
2019–2020
Joaquín Ardaiz
Chiasso
2019
Ali Adnan Kadhim
Udinese
2019–2021
Lucas Cavallini
Puebla
2020–2022
Ryan Gauld
Farense
2021–
Andrés Cubas
Nîmes
2022–
Sergio Córdova
FC Augsburg
2023
Past and present Designated Players by country
Number
Country
Players
55
Argentina
Luciano Acosta, Ignacio Aliseda, Thiago Almada, Esequiel Barco, Guillermo Barros Schelotto, Hernán Bernardello, Claudio Bieler, Sebastián Blanco, Gustavo Bou, Milton Caraglio, Julián Carranza, Tomás Chancalay, Enzo Copetti, Pedro de la Vega, Mauro Díaz, Sebastián Driussi, Fabián Espíndola, Cristian Espinoza, Brian Fernández, Alan Franco, Marcelo Gallardo, Federico Higuaín, Gonzalo Higuaín, Sebastián Jaime, Franco Jara, Matías Laba, Claudio López, Hernán López, Cristian Maidana, Juan Manuel Martínez, Pity Martínez, Tomás Martínez, Lucas Melano, Lionel Messi, Javier Morales, Maximiliano Moralez, Marcelino Moreno, Martín Ojeda, Lucas Ontivero, Cristian Pavón, Matías Pellegrini, Matías Pérez García, Ignacio Piatti, Pablo Piatti, Tomás Pochettino, Ezequiel Ponce, Juan Edgardo Ramírez, Emanuel Reynoso, Emiliano Rigoni, Lucas Rodríguez, Mauro Rosales, Diego Valeri, Gonzalo Verón, Milton Valenzuela, Alan Velasco
25
United States
Freddy Adu, Jozy Altidore, Paul Arriola, DaMarcus Beasley, Kyle Beckerman, Alejandro Bedoya, Matt Besler, Michael Bradley, Clint Dempsey, Landon Donovan, Dom Dwyer, Maurice Edu, Jesús Ferreira, Omar Gonzalez, Tim Howard, Eddie Johnson, Jermaine Jones, Djordje Mihailovic, Darlington Nagbe, Claudio Reyna, Brek Shea, Chris Wondolowski, Gyasi Zardes, Walker Zimmerman, Graham Zusi
19
Brazil
Luiz Araújo, Brenner, Douglas Costa, Denílson, Luciano Emílio, Evander, Geovanni, Gilberto, Rafael Gladiador, Jéferson, Kaká, João Klauss, José Kléberson, Luquinhas, Talles Magno, Thiago Martins, Rafael Navarro, João Paulo, Gabriel Pec
18
Mexico
Cuauhtémoc Blanco, Omar Bravo, Nery Castillo, Marco Fabián, Javier Hernández, Héctor Herrera, Luis Ángel Landín, Javier Eduardo López, Hirving Lozano, Rafael Márquez, Rodolfo Pizarro, Alan Pulido, Carlos Salcedo, Giovani dos Santos, Jonathan dos Santos, Erick Torres, Jairo Torres, Carlos Vela
15
Colombia
Juan Pablo Ángel, Cristian Arango, Fabián Castillo, Diego Chará, Yimmi Chará, Andrés Ramiro Escobar, David Ferreira, Ménder García, Cucho Hernández, Mauro Manotas, Fredy Montero, Santiago Mosquera, Luis Muriel, Darwin Quintero, Ángelo Rodríguez
14
Uruguay
Joaquín Ardaiz, Thomás Chacón, Álvaro Fernández, Nicolás Lodeiro, Mauricio Pereyra, Federico Puppo, Egidio Arévalo Rios, Octavio Rivero, Brian Rodríguez, Jonathan Rodríguez, Santiago Rodríguez, Diego Rossi, David Texeira, Facundo Torres
12
Paraguay
Miguel Almirón, Luis Amarilla, Cristian Colmán, Josué Colmán, Andrés Cubas, Cecilio Domínguez, Sebastián Ferreira, Gastón Giménez, Kaku, Jesús Medina, Nelson Valdez, Héctor Villalba
10
England
David Beckham, Jermain Defoe, Steven Gerrard, Frank Lampard, Liam Ridgewell, Wayne Rooney, Josh Sims, Sam Surridge, Bradley Wright-Phillips, Dru Yearwood
9
France
Romain Alessandrini, Kévin Cabral, Yohan Croizet, Claude Dielna, Olivier Giroud, Eric Hassli, Thierry Henry, Adrien Hunou, Blaise Matuidi
8
Ecuador
Jordy Alcívar, Juan Luis Anangonó, Xavier Arreaga, Leonardo Campana, Aníbal Chalá, Carlos Gruezo, Oswaldo Minda, Joao Plata
7
Honduras
Bryan Acosta, Jerry Bengtson, Alberth Elis, Roger Espinoza, Boniek García, Alexander López, Bryan Róchez
7
Spain
Sergio Busquets, Carles Gil, Mista, Alejandro Pozuelo, Riqui Puig, Víctor Rodríguez, David Villa
7
Venezuela
Fernando Aristeguieta, Jhonder Cádiz, Sergio Córdova, Josef Martínez, Jeizon Ramírez, Jefferson Savarino, Yeferson Soteldo
6
Germany
Torsten Frings, Eduard Löwen, Hany Mukhtar, Frank Rost, Bastian Schweinsteiger, Christian Tiffert
6
Poland
Adam Buksa, Kamil Jóźwiak, Mateusz Klich, Patryk Klimala, Jarosław Niezgoda, Karol Świderski
6
Scotland
Kris Boyd, Ryan Gauld, Shaun Maloney, Kenny Miller, Barry Robson, Johnny Russell
5
Costa Rica
Allan Cruz, Luis Díaz, Randall Leal, Álvaro Saborío, Kendall Waston
5
Italy
Federico Bernardeschi, Marco Di Vaio, Sebastian Giovinco, Lorenzo Insigne, Andrea Pirlo
4
Belgium
Christian Benteke, Hugo Cuypers, Jelle Van Damme, Dante Vanzeir
4
Canada
Lucas Cavallini, Julian de Guzman, Dwayne De Rosario, Jonathan Osorio
4
Chile
Pablo Aránguiz, Felipe Gutiérrez, Pedro Morales, Diego Rubio
4
Ghana
David Accam, Osman Bukari, Jonathan Mensah, Joseph Paintsil
4
Ivory Coast
Ousmane Doumbia, Didier Drogba, Xavier Kouassi, Aké Arnaud Loba
4
Nigeria
Fanendo Adi, Kennedy Igboananike, Obafemi Martins, Obinna Nwobodo
4
Peru
Edison Flores, Andrés Mendoza, Raúl Ruidíaz, Yoshimar Yotún
4
Portugal
José Gonçalves, André Horta, Nani, Pedro Santos
4
Sweden
Magnus Eriksson, Emil Forsberg, Zlatan Ibrahimović, Freddie Ljungberg
4
Switzerland
Blerim Džemaili, Innocent Emeghara, Blaise Nkufo, Xherdan Shaqiri
3
Albania
Shkëlzen Gashi, Hamdi Salihi, Giacomo Vrioni
3
Denmark
Andreas Maxsø, Younes Namli, Mikael Uhre
3
Finland
Matti Peltola, Teemu Pukki, Alexander Ring
3
Israel
Liel Abada, Omer Damari, Gadi Kinda
3
Netherlands
Danny Koevermans, Jürgen Locadia, Sherjill MacDonald
2
Armenia
Yura Movsisyan, Lucas Zelarayán
2
Croatia
Damir Kreilach, Petar Musa
2
Gabon
Denis Bouanga, Aaron Boupendza
2
Georgia
Saba Lobzhanidze, Valeri Qazaishvili
2
Greece
Taxiarchis Fountas, Giorgos Giakoumakis
2
Hungary
Dániel Gazdag, Nemanja Nikolić
2
Ireland
Kevin Doyle, Robbie Keane
2
Jamaica
Giles Barnes, Simon Dawkins
2
Slovakia
Ján Greguš, Albert Rusnák
2
Slovenia
Robert Berić, Aljaž Struna
1
Algeria
Saphir Taïder
1
Australia
Tim Cahill
1
Austria
Ercan Kara
1
Cape Verde
Jamiro Monteiro
1
Cuba
Osvaldo Alonso
1
Czech Republic
Bořek Dočkal
1
Gambia
Mustapha Jarju
1
Grenada
Shalrie Joseph
1
Guinea-Bissau
Gerso Fernandes
1
Iceland
Victor Pálsson
1
Iraq
Ali Adnan Kadhim
1
Japan
Yuya Kubo
1
Kenya
Victor Wanyama
1
Liberia
Sam Johnson
1
Montenegro
Branko Bošković
1
Norway
Stian Rode Gregersen
1
Panama
Gabriel Torres
1
Romania
Alexandru Mitriță
1
Serbia
Aleksandar Katai
1
Sierra Leone
Kei Kamara
1
South Korea
Hwang In-beom
1
Zimbabwe
Teenage Hadebe
See also
Association football portal
Allocation money
Franchise player
References
^ a b Wahl, Grant (November 28, 2011). "Hollywood Ending: If this was indeed David Beckham's final game in MLS, he went out in style, carrying the Galaxy to a championship and affirming the value of star power in America". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved November 25, 2011. In the first four seasons of MLS's Beckham Rule, which allowed clubs to sign up to three designated players outside the salary cap, ....
^ a b Lansley, Pete (April 13, 2007). "Becks could be the next American idol". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on April 14, 2006. Retrieved December 1, 2007.
^ a b "PlayersUnion". Mlsplayers.org. Archived from the original on May 11, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
^ "Beckham hopes to make US history". BBC. January 12, 2007. Retrieved December 1, 2007.
^ Goff, Steven (April 26, 2006). "Palencia Has Richest MLS Salary". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 1, 2007.
^ Mickle, Tripp (November 26, 2007). "Debate highlights MLS salary cap split". Sports Business Journal. Archived from the original on August 13, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2007.
^ a b c Bell, Jack (March 18, 2009). "In M.L.S., Designated Players Do Not Guarantee Great Expectations". The New York Times. Retrieved March 18, 2009.
^ "Galaxy, Milan, Inter wait on Becks". CNN. February 24, 2009. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
^
"Fulham complete Johnson signing". BBC Sport. January 23, 2008. Archived from the original on January 27, 2008.
^ Mayers, Joshua (April 1, 2010). "Major League Soccer adds second DP slot, can purchase a third (league release)". The Seattle Times. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
^ "2012 MLS Roster Rules". mlssocer.com. Archived from the original on February 20, 2012.
^ "Roster Rules and Regulations". Major League Soccer. Archived from the original on August 23, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
^ "A Look into NYCFC's 2014 Payroll (or "David Villa is making k")". Empire of Soccer. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
^ "2024 MLS Player Salaries". Major League Soccer Players Union.
^ "MLS Roster Rules and Regulations - MLSsoccer.com". Retrieved June 20, 2017.
^ "Former MLS Designated Players". Retrieved August 22, 2017.
^ "Jelle van Damme completes exit from LA Galaxy and joins Royal Antwerp". espnfc.us. ESPN. August 18, 2017. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
^ "Roster | Nashville SC".
External links
Designated Players glossary entry at MLSsoccer.com
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|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:David_Beckham_2010_LA_Galaxy.jpg"},{"link_name":"David Beckham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Beckham"},{"link_name":"Major League Soccer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Soccer"},{"link_name":"salary cap","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salary_cap"},{"link_name":"allocation money","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allocation_money"},{"link_name":"David Beckham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Beckham"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HollywoodEnding-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lansley,_Pete-2"},{"link_name":"Los Angeles Galaxy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Galaxy"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PlayersUnion-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Beckham_hopes_to_make_US_history-4"}],"text":"David Beckham was the league's first Designated Player, with the rule being nicknamed the \"Beckham Rule\".The Designated Player Rule, nicknamed the Beckham Rule, allows Major League Soccer franchises to sign up to three players that would be considered outside their salary cap (either by offering the player higher wages or by paying a transfer fee for the player). The rule, which was adopted ahead of the 2007 MLS season, enables teams to compete for star players in the international football market. The rule is one of two mechanisms by which MLS teams may exceed their salary cap, the other being allocation money. As of December 2019, there have been 209 Designated Players in league history.The rule is informally named after David Beckham, in anticipation of MLS teams signing lucrative deals with internationally recognized players, after Beckham entered into negotiations to join the league.[1][2] Beckham was the first player signed under this rule, signing a five-year contract with the Los Angeles Galaxy in 2007 with a guaranteed annual salary of $6.5 million.[3][4]","title":"Designated Player Rule"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"US$","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nytdp09-7"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nytdp09-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Landon Donovan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landon_Donovan"},{"link_name":"Carlos Ruiz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Ruiz_(Guatemalan_footballer)"},{"link_name":"Eddie Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Johnson_(American_soccer)"},{"link_name":"grandfathered","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandfather_clause"},{"link_name":"Fulham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulham_F.C."},{"link_name":"Premier League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_League"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Dwayne De Rosario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwayne_De_Rosario"},{"link_name":"Olimpia Asunción","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpia_Asunci%C3%B3n"},{"link_name":"allocation rule","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allocation_(MLS)"},{"link_name":"Shalrie Joseph","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalrie_Joseph"},{"link_name":"Christian Gomez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Gomez"},{"link_name":"Taylor Twellman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Twellman"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nytdp09-7"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"New York Red Bulls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Red_Bulls"},{"link_name":"Chivas USA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.D._Chivas_USA"},{"link_name":"allocation money","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allocation_(MLS)"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"The team salary cap was estimated to be around US$1.9 million in 2006,[5] was $2.1 million in 2007, and was raised to $2.3 million for the 2008 season.[6][7] As part of the 2010 Collective Bargaining Agreement between MLS and the MLS Players' Union, the 2010 salary cap was $2.55 million, with an automatic five percent increase each year until the expiration of the agreement at the end of the 2014 season.Under the 2007 rule:The rule expires at the end of the 2009 season, and must be renewed then or allowed to lapse.\nFor each Designated Player, $400,000[7][8] of his salary is charged to the salary cap and paid by the league, with any remaining salary being paid by the team's owner. This value was increased for the 2009 season to $415,000.\nPrior to the 2007 season, there were three players whose salary exceeded $400,000. These players were Landon Donovan, Carlos Ruiz, and Eddie Johnson. According to the rule, these players were grandfathered in for the 2007 season, and the exemption was extended after the 2007 season, with the league planning to review the issue at a future date. It was possible that the league would be required to renegotiate these players' contracts or consider them Designated Players. However, prior to the start of the 2008 season, Johnson moved to Fulham of the Premier League,[9] while following Dwayne De Rosario's signing by Toronto FC in January 2009, Ruiz was released by the club and left MLS to play for Olimpia Asunción. This left Donovan as the lone player whose 2009 salary remained grandfathered under the exemption provision. However, there were several more players whose guaranteed salary exceeded the Designated Player amount, but whose salary cap expense was actually lower than their true salary due to the allocation rule. These players include Shalrie Joseph ($450,000), Christian Gomez ($430,000), Dwayne De Rosario ($425,750), and Taylor Twellman ($420,000).\nEach team initially had one Designated Player spot, but could trade their Designated Spot to another team; teams were allowed a maximum of two Designated Players.\nOnly $325,000 of a team's second Designated Player counted against the salary cap, which was increased to $335,000 in 2009.[7]The 2010 changes:[10]The rule has no expiration date.\nFor each Designated Player, $335,000 of his salary is charged to the salary cap and paid by the league ($167,500 for DP players joining during the MLS summer transfer window), with any remaining salary being paid by the team's owner. This amount is halved for Designated Players signed in the middle of the season. The salary cap value of Designated Players can also be reduced using allocation money. Finally, teams whose Designated Players transfer abroad in the middle of a season can recoup part of the Designated Players' salary cap value.\nLandon Donovan is no longer grandfathered into the rule and must be considered a Designated Player.\nEach team is allowed two Designated Player spots, and they can no longer trade their Designated Player spots. The New York Red Bulls will receive $70,000 in allocation money in return for the nullification of their 2007 trade with Chivas USA for an additional Designated Player spot. This means that both New York and Chivas USA will have two Designated Player spots for the 2010 season.\nTeams can pay a $250,000 \"luxury tax\" for the right to sign a third Designated Player. This $250,000 would be distributed equally to all MLS teams that have not signed a third Designated Player in the form of allocation money.The 2012 changes:[11]Starting with the 2012 season, the rule was changed with respect to younger players. MLS announced the changes in August 2011 after clubs expressed concern about signing young international players with no guarantees that they would develop into stars.Designated Players over the age of 23 will carry a salary budget charge of $350,000, unless the player joins his club in the middle of the season, in which case his budget charge will be $175,000.\nDesignated Players 21–23 years old count as $200,000 against the club's salary budget.\nDesignated Players 20 years old or younger count as $150,000 against the club's salary budget.\nThe budget charge for the midseason signing of a young Designated Player (23 years old and younger) is $150,000 and this amount cannot be lowered with allocation funds.\nClubs will not have to buy the third DP roster slot to accommodate Designated Players 23 years old and younger.\nAge of player is determined by year (not date) of birth.The maximum budget charge for Designated Players over age 23 was increased to $368,750 for 2013, $387,500 in 2014, $436,250 in 2015, $457,500 in 2016, and $480,625 in 2017. The budget charge for those who join during the midseason transfer window has remained at one-half of the full-season cap charge since the inception of the rule. The budget charges for younger players have not changed since 2012.[12]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"David Beckham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Beckham"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HollywoodEnding-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lansley,_Pete-2"},{"link_name":"Los Angeles Galaxy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Galaxy"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PlayersUnion-3"}],"text":"The rule is informally named after David Beckham, in anticipation of MLS teams signing lucrative deals with internationally recognized players of Beckham's caliber.[1][2] Beckham was the first player to be signed under this rule, signing a lucrative contract with the Los Angeles Galaxy worth up to $250 million over five years, with direct guaranteed compensation from MLS and Galaxy at $6.5 million a year.[3]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"As of 16 June 2024[13]NotesChart indicates when players signed their current Designated Player contract, not necessarily their first year in MLS.\nOther players in MLS may also be paid a salary that takes them above the Designated Player threshold, but they have had their salary reduced against the salary cap using General or Targeted Allocation Money.[15]\nPlayer salaries may be below the Designated Player threshold, but their transfer fee might mean the total compensation takes them above the threshold.\nPlayer salaries include compensation from their MLS contract, not including any bonuses or compensation from contracts with individual teams or their affiliates.","title":"Current Designated Players"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Miami Fusion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_Fusion"},{"link_name":"Tampa Bay Mutiny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Mutiny"}],"text":"As of 14 May 2024[16]NotesThe below list indicates players who have had their contract assigned as a Designated Player (DP) contract during their time in MLS. Players may have not always have had a DP contract, or have later had their contract negotiated below a DP level. Similarly, some players have been in MLS whose salary has been at a DP level, but the club has opted to bring their salary below the DP threshold using General Allocation Money or Targeted Allocation Money. Their listed \"Years as DP\" indicates what seasons they were active as a DP for that club only. Players in bold are currently signed to a DP contract by their club.\nFormer MLS sides Miami Fusion and Tampa Bay Mutiny were dissolved before the introduction of the Designated Player Rule.","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Atlanta United FC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Austin FC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Charlotte FC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Chicago Fire FC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Chivas USA (defunct)","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"FC Cincinnati","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Colorado Rapids","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Columbus Crew","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"FC Dallas","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"D.C. United","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Houston Dynamo FC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Inter Miami CF","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Sporting Kansas City","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"LA Galaxy","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Los Angeles FC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Minnesota United FC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"CF Montréal","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Nashville SC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"New England Revolution","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"New York City FC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"New York Red Bulls","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Orlando City SC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Philadelphia Union","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Portland Timbers","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Real Salt Lake","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"St. Louis City SC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"San Diego FC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"San Jose Earthquakes","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Seattle Sounders FC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Toronto FC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Vancouver Whitecaps FC","title":"Club DP history"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Past and present Designated Players by country"}]
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[{"image_text":"David Beckham was the league's first Designated Player, with the rule being nicknamed the \"Beckham Rule\".","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/David_Beckham_2010_LA_Galaxy.jpg/220px-David_Beckham_2010_LA_Galaxy.jpg"}]
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[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Soccer_ball.svg"},{"title":"Association football portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Association_football"},{"title":"Allocation money","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allocation_money"},{"title":"Franchise player","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchise_player"}]
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[{"reference":"Wahl, Grant (November 28, 2011). \"Hollywood Ending: If this was indeed David Beckham's final game in MLS, he went out in style, carrying the Galaxy to a championship and affirming the value of star power in America\". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved November 25, 2011. In the first four seasons of MLS's Beckham Rule, which allowed clubs to sign up to three designated players outside the salary cap, ....","urls":[{"url":"https://www.si.com/vault/2011/11/28/106135817/hollywood-ending","url_text":"\"Hollywood Ending: If this was indeed David Beckham's final game in MLS, he went out in style, carrying the Galaxy to a championship and affirming the value of star power in America\""}]},{"reference":"Lansley, Pete (April 13, 2007). \"Becks could be the next American idol\". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on April 14, 2006. Retrieved December 1, 2007.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060414155630/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060413/asp/sports/story_6093255.asp","url_text":"\"Becks could be the next American idol\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Telegraph_(Calcutta)","url_text":"The Telegraph"},{"url":"http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060413/asp/sports/story_6093255.asp","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"PlayersUnion\". Mlsplayers.org. Archived from the original on May 11, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120511125731/http://www.mlsplayers.org/salary_info.html","url_text":"\"PlayersUnion\""},{"url":"http://www.mlsplayers.org/salary_info.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Beckham hopes to make US history\". BBC. January 12, 2007. Retrieved December 1, 2007.","urls":[{"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/6256125.stm","url_text":"\"Beckham hopes to make US history\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC","url_text":"BBC"}]},{"reference":"Goff, Steven (April 26, 2006). \"Palencia Has Richest MLS Salary\". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 1, 2007.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/26/AR2006042602276.html","url_text":"\"Palencia Has Richest MLS Salary\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post","url_text":"The Washington Post"}]},{"reference":"Mickle, Tripp (November 26, 2007). \"Debate highlights MLS salary cap split\". Sports Business Journal. Archived from the original on August 13, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2007.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100813112138/http://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=article.main&articleId=57143&requestTimeout=900","url_text":"\"Debate highlights MLS salary cap split\""},{"url":"http://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=article.main&articleId=57143&requestTimeout=900","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Bell, Jack (March 18, 2009). \"In M.L.S., Designated Players Do Not Guarantee Great Expectations\". The New York Times. Retrieved March 18, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/18/sports/soccer/18soccer.html?ref=soccer","url_text":"\"In M.L.S., Designated Players Do Not Guarantee Great Expectations\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times","url_text":"The New York Times"}]},{"reference":"\"Galaxy, Milan, Inter wait on Becks\". CNN. February 24, 2009. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121024064112/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/writers/soccer_america/02/24/aeg.beckham/","url_text":"\"Galaxy, Milan, Inter wait on Becks\""},{"url":"http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/writers/soccer_america/02/24/aeg.beckham/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Fulham complete Johnson signing\". BBC Sport. January 23, 2008. Archived from the original on January 27, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080127164821/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/f/fulham/7202841.stm","url_text":"\"Fulham complete Johnson signing\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Sport","url_text":"BBC Sport"},{"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/f/fulham/7202841.stm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Mayers, Joshua (April 1, 2010). \"Major League Soccer adds second DP slot, can purchase a third (league release)\". The Seattle Times. Retrieved April 2, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/soundersfcblog/2011498898_major_league_soccer_adds_secon.html#continue","url_text":"\"Major League Soccer adds second DP slot, can purchase a third (league release)\""}]},{"reference":"\"2012 MLS Roster Rules\". mlssocer.com. Archived from the original on February 20, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120220005943/http://www.mlssoccer.com/2012-mls-roster-rules","url_text":"\"2012 MLS Roster Rules\""},{"url":"http://www.mlssoccer.com/2012-mls-roster-rules","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Roster Rules and Regulations\". Major League Soccer. Archived from the original on August 23, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130823031630/http://pressbox.mlssoccer.com/content/roster-rules-and-regulations","url_text":"\"Roster Rules and Regulations\""},{"url":"http://pressbox.mlssoccer.com/content/roster-rules-and-regulations","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"A Look into NYCFC's 2014 Payroll (or \"David Villa is making k\")\". Empire of Soccer. Retrieved May 4, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.empireofsoccer.com/nycfcs-payroll-making-29106/","url_text":"\"A Look into NYCFC's 2014 Payroll (or \"David Villa is making k\")\""}]},{"reference":"\"2024 MLS Player Salaries\". Major League Soccer Players Union.","urls":[{"url":"https://mlsplayers.org/resources/salary-guide","url_text":"\"2024 MLS Player Salaries\""}]},{"reference":"\"MLS Roster Rules and Regulations - MLSsoccer.com\". Retrieved June 20, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.mlssoccer.com/league/official-rules/mls-roster-rules-and-regulations#targeted-allocation-money","url_text":"\"MLS Roster Rules and Regulations - MLSsoccer.com\""}]},{"reference":"\"Former MLS Designated Players\". Retrieved August 22, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.mlssoccer.com/glossary/former-designated-player","url_text":"\"Former MLS Designated Players\""}]},{"reference":"\"Jelle van Damme completes exit from LA Galaxy and joins Royal Antwerp\". espnfc.us. ESPN. August 18, 2017. Retrieved May 1, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.espnfc.us/la-galaxy/story/3182820/jelle-van-damme-completes-exit-from-la-galaxy-and-joins-royal-antwerp","url_text":"\"Jelle van Damme completes exit from LA Galaxy and joins Royal Antwerp\""}]},{"reference":"\"Roster | Nashville SC\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nashvillesc.com/players","url_text":"\"Roster | Nashville SC\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_regions_of_Somalia
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States and regions of Somalia
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["1 History","2 Federal member states","3 Regions","4 See also","5 References"]
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Politics of Somalia
Constitution
Provisional Constitution
Executive
President (List)
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
Prime Minister
Hamza Abdi Barre
Council of Ministers
Legislature
Speaker
Aden Madobe
Members of the Federal Parliament
Judiciary
Judiciary
Elections
Recent elections
Presidential: 20172022
Parliamentary: 20162021–2022
Referendum: 1979 (latest)
Administrative divisions
States and regions
Galmudug
Hirshabelle
Jubaland
Puntland
South West Somalia
Claimed territory
Somaliland
Foreign relations
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Minister: Abshir Omar Huruse
Diplomatic missions of / in Somalia
Somali nationality law
Passport
Visa requirements
Visa policy
Other
Political parties
Human rights
Somalia portal
Other countries
vte
Somalia is a federal republic consisting of six federal states, Puntland, Jubaland, Galmudug, which are in turn subdivided into districts. One region, Banaadir, is not part of any state.
History
Puntland is a federal state in the northeast of Somalia. Galmudug is a federal state in central Somalia. Jubaland is a federal state in the south of Somalia. In November 2014, the South West State of Somalia was established. Hirshabelle State was formed in October 2016. Khaatumo state a north central region was formed in 2012 but established in february 2023, and Somaliland a north east region formed in 1991 as uncontrolled region
The Federal Parliament is tasked with selecting the ultimate number and boundaries of autonomous regional states within the Federal Republic of Somalia. To this end, the legislature in December 2014 passed a law establishing the Boundary and Federalization Commission. The body is mandated with determining the boundaries of the country's constituent states, as well as arbitrating between these states.
Federal member states
As of 19th October 2023, Somalia is officially divided into 7 federal member states, including Khaatumo state and Somaliland state
Galmudug (108,889 km2 (42,042 sq mi))
Hirshabelle (100,821 km2 (38,927 sq mi))
Jubaland (110,102 km2 (42,511 sq mi))
Khatumo (103,897 km2 (40,115 sq mi))
Puntland (198,510 km2 (76,650 sq mi)) (110,487 km2 (42,659 sq mi))
South West (100,089 km2 (38,645 sq mi))
Regions
President of Somalia Mohamed Siad Barre established five of these regions in 1974 and 1975 for baised clan reasons, Middle Juba, Lower Juba, Gedo, Bay, and Bakool; Banaadir shrank to consist of only Mogadishu at the same time.
Below are the regions of Somalia, with their capitals shown in parentheses:
Bakool (Hudur)
Banadir (Mogadishu)
Bari (Bosaso)
Bay (Baidoa)
Galgaduud (Dhusamareb)
Gedo (Garbahaarreey)
Hiiraan (Beledweyn)
Lower Juba (Kismayo)
Lower Shabelle (Merca)
Middle Juba (Bu'ale)
Middle Shebelle (Jowhar)
Mudug (Galkayo)
Nugal (Garowe)
Sool (Laascaanood)
Togdheer (Burco)
Waqooyi Galbeed (Hargeisa)
Awdal (Borama)
Sanaag (Ceerigaabo)
See also
Somalia portal
Administrative divisions of Somalia
List of regions of Somalia by Human Development Index
References
^ a b "Somalia". World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2009-05-14. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
^ "SOMALIA: South-west state endorses a new constitution". Raxanreeb. 8 November 2014. Archived from the original on 9 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
^ a b "New President elected for Hir-Shabelle state". Garoweonline. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
^ "The Federal Republic of Somalia – Harmonized Draft Constitution" (PDF). Federal Government of Somalia. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 24, 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
^ "Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution". Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
^ "Somali parliament endorses the bill of boundaries and federalism". Goobjoog. 21 December 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
^ "Cabinet approves Bills for National Electoral Commission, Boundary and Federalization Commission and a $216 M budget for 2015". Goobjoog. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
^ "Somalia's regional states submit Upper House nominations". Somali Review. 10 October 2016. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
^ Mohamed Haji Mukhtar (2011). Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Lanham, MD and Oxford: Scarecrow Press. p. 129.
^ Mukhtar, 2011, p.48
^ "榴莲视频官网_污榴莲视频_▓成人榴莲视频▓无码免费_www.榴莲视频". www.khaatumo.com. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
vteDisputed and de facto states of Somalia Federal Member States(federalist/unionist states)
Galmudug
Hirshabelle
Jubaland
Puntland
Somaliland (claimed)
South West State of Somalia
Proposed federal member states
Maakhir State (de facto state)
Khatumo (2012– de facto)
Islamist Jamaats
Harakat al-Shabaab
Former state entities
Azania (2011–2013)
Himan and Heeb (2008–2015)
South West State of Somalia (2002–2006)
Former Islamist administrations
Islamic Courts Union (1993–2006)
Hizbul Islam (2009–2010; 2012–2014)
Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a (1991–2018)
Portal:Politics
List of ruling political parties
Politics of Somalia
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Somalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia"},{"link_name":"federal republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_republic"},{"link_name":"Puntland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puntland"},{"link_name":"Jubaland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jubaland"},{"link_name":"Galmudug","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galmudug"},{"link_name":"South West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_West_State_of_Somalia"},{"link_name":"Hirshaabelle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirshabelle_State"},{"link_name":"administrative regions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Somalia"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2009factbook-1"},{"link_name":"Banaadir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaadir"}],"text":"Somalia is a federal republic consisting of six federal states, Puntland, Jubaland, Galmudug, [, South West and Hirshaabelle and one interim administration. Somalia is further subdivided into 18 administrative regions (gobollo, singular gobol),[1] which are in turn subdivided into districts. One region, Banaadir, is not part of any state.","title":"States and regions of Somalia"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Galmudug","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galmudug"},{"link_name":"Jubaland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jubaland"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2009factbook-1"},{"link_name":"South West State of Somalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_West_State_of_Somalia"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Sswseanc-2"},{"link_name":"Hirshabelle State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirshabelle_State"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-garoweonline.com-3"},{"link_name":"Khaatumo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaatumo"},{"link_name":"state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Somalia"},{"link_name":"Somaliland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliland"},{"link_name":"Federal Parliament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FRSom-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gttsdpc-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spetbobaf-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cabfbfnecbfectbft-7"}],"text":"Puntland is a federal state in the northeast of Somalia. Galmudug is a federal state in central Somalia. Jubaland is a federal state in the south of Somalia.[1] In November 2014, the South West State of Somalia was established.[2] Hirshabelle State was formed in October 2016.[3] Khaatumo state a north central region was formed in 2012 but established in february 2023, and Somaliland a north east region formed in 1991 as uncontrolled regionThe Federal Parliament is tasked with selecting the ultimate number and boundaries of autonomous regional states within the Federal Republic of Somalia.[4][5] To this end, the legislature in December 2014 passed a law establishing the Boundary and Federalization Commission.[6] The body is mandated with determining the boundaries of the country's constituent states, as well as arbitrating between these states.[7]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Federal_members_states_of_Somalia.jpg"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-somalireview.com-8"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-garoweonline.com-3"},{"link_name":"Galmudug","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galmudug"},{"link_name":"Hirshabelle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirshabelle_State"},{"link_name":"Jubaland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jubaland"},{"link_name":"Khatumo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatumo_State"},{"link_name":"Puntland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puntland"},{"link_name":"South West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_West_State_of_Somalia"}],"text":"As of 19th October 2023, Somalia is officially divided into 7 federal member states, including Khaatumo state and Somaliland state[8][3]Galmudug (108,889 km2 (42,042 sq mi))\nHirshabelle (100,821 km2 (38,927 sq mi))\nJubaland (110,102 km2 (42,511 sq mi))\nKhatumo (103,897 km2 (40,115 sq mi))\nPuntland (198,510 km2 (76,650 sq mi)) (110,487 km2 (42,659 sq mi))\nSouth West (100,089 km2 (38,645 sq mi))","title":"Federal member states"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mohamed Siad Barre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Siad_Barre"},{"link_name":"Middle Juba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Juba"},{"link_name":"Lower Juba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Juba"},{"link_name":"Gedo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedo"},{"link_name":"Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay,_Somalia"},{"link_name":"Bakool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakool"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Mogadishu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogadishu"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Bakool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakool"},{"link_name":"Hudur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudur"},{"link_name":"Banadir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaadir"},{"link_name":"Mogadishu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogadishu"},{"link_name":"Bari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bari,_Somalia"},{"link_name":"Bosaso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosaso"},{"link_name":"Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay,_Somalia"},{"link_name":"Baidoa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidoa"},{"link_name":"Galgaduud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galgaduud"},{"link_name":"Dhusamareb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhusamareb"},{"link_name":"Gedo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedo"},{"link_name":"Garbahaarreey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbahaarreey"},{"link_name":"Hiiraan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiiraan"},{"link_name":"Beledweyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beledweyn"},{"link_name":"Lower Juba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Juba"},{"link_name":"Kismayo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo"},{"link_name":"Lower Shabelle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Shabelle"},{"link_name":"Merca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merca"},{"link_name":"Middle Juba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Juba"},{"link_name":"Bu'ale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%27ale"},{"link_name":"Middle Shebelle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Shebelle"},{"link_name":"Jowhar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jowhar"},{"link_name":"Mudug","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudug"},{"link_name":"Galkayo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galkayo"},{"link_name":"Nugal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nugal,_Somalia"},{"link_name":"Garowe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garowe"},{"link_name":"Sool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sool"},{"link_name":"Laascaanood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Anod"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Togdheer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togdheer"},{"link_name":"Burco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burco"},{"link_name":"Waqooyi Galbeed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woqooyi_Galbeed"},{"link_name":"Hargeisa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hargeisa"},{"link_name":"Awdal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awdal"},{"link_name":"Borama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borama"},{"link_name":"Sanaag","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaag"},{"link_name":"Ceerigaabo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceerigaabo"}],"text":"President of Somalia Mohamed Siad Barre established five of these regions in 1974 and 1975 for baised clan reasons, Middle Juba, Lower Juba, Gedo, Bay, and Bakool;[9] Banaadir shrank to consist of only Mogadishu at the same time.[10]Below are the regions of Somalia, with their capitals shown in parentheses:Bakool (Hudur)\nBanadir (Mogadishu)\nBari (Bosaso)\nBay (Baidoa)\nGalgaduud (Dhusamareb)\nGedo (Garbahaarreey)\nHiiraan (Beledweyn)\nLower Juba (Kismayo)\nLower Shabelle (Merca)\nMiddle Juba (Bu'ale)\nMiddle Shebelle (Jowhar)\nMudug (Galkayo)\nNugal (Garowe)\nSool (Laascaanood)[11]\nTogdheer (Burco)\nWaqooyi Galbeed (Hargeisa)\nAwdal (Borama)\nSanaag (Ceerigaabo)","title":"Regions"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"Somalia portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Somalia"},{"title":"Administrative divisions of Somalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Somalia"},{"title":"List of regions of Somalia by Human Development Index","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Somalia_by_Human_Development_Index"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Somalia\". World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2009-05-14. Retrieved 2009-05-31.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/","url_text":"\"Somalia\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Factbook","url_text":"World Factbook"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency","url_text":"Central Intelligence Agency"}]},{"reference":"\"SOMALIA: South-west state endorses a new constitution\". Raxanreeb. 8 November 2014. Archived from the original on 9 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141109181558/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/11/somalia-south-west-state-endorses-a-new-constitution/","url_text":"\"SOMALIA: South-west state endorses a new constitution\""},{"url":"http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/11/somalia-south-west-state-endorses-a-new-constitution/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"New President elected for Hir-Shabelle state\". Garoweonline. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/somalia-new-president-elected-for-hir-shabelle-state","url_text":"\"New President elected for Hir-Shabelle state\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Federal Republic of Somalia – Harmonized Draft Constitution\" (PDF). Federal Government of Somalia. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 24, 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130124010543/http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf","url_text":"\"The Federal Republic of Somalia – Harmonized Draft Constitution\""},{"url":"http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution\". Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021547/http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US","url_text":"\"Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution\""},{"url":"http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Somali parliament endorses the bill of boundaries and federalism\". Goobjoog. 21 December 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=7465","url_text":"\"Somali parliament endorses the bill of boundaries and federalism\""}]},{"reference":"\"Cabinet approves Bills for National Electoral Commission, Boundary and Federalization Commission and a $216 M budget for 2015\". Goobjoog. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6347","url_text":"\"Cabinet approves Bills for National Electoral Commission, Boundary and Federalization Commission and a $216 M budget for 2015\""}]},{"reference":"\"Somalia's regional states submit Upper House nominations\". Somali Review. 10 October 2016. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170202215932/http://somalireview.com/2016/10/somalias-regional-states-submit-upper-house-nominations/","url_text":"\"Somalia's regional states submit Upper House nominations\""},{"url":"http://somalireview.com/2016/10/somalias-regional-states-submit-upper-house-nominations/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Mohamed Haji Mukhtar (2011). Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Lanham, MD and Oxford: Scarecrow Press. p. 129.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"榴莲视频官网_污榴莲视频_▓成人榴莲视频▓无码免费_www.榴莲视频\". www.khaatumo.com. Retrieved 2024-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.khaatumo.com/","url_text":"\"榴莲视频官网_污榴莲视频_▓成人榴莲视频▓无码免费_www.榴莲视频\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/","external_links_name":"\"Somalia\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141109181558/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/11/somalia-south-west-state-endorses-a-new-constitution/","external_links_name":"\"SOMALIA: South-west state endorses a new constitution\""},{"Link":"http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/11/somalia-south-west-state-endorses-a-new-constitution/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/somalia-new-president-elected-for-hir-shabelle-state","external_links_name":"\"New President elected for Hir-Shabelle state\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130124010543/http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf","external_links_name":"\"The Federal Republic of Somalia – Harmonized Draft Constitution\""},{"Link":"http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021547/http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US","external_links_name":"\"Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution\""},{"Link":"http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=7465","external_links_name":"\"Somali parliament endorses the bill of boundaries and federalism\""},{"Link":"http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=6347","external_links_name":"\"Cabinet approves Bills for National Electoral Commission, Boundary and Federalization Commission and a $216 M budget for 2015\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170202215932/http://somalireview.com/2016/10/somalias-regional-states-submit-upper-house-nominations/","external_links_name":"\"Somalia's regional states submit Upper House nominations\""},{"Link":"http://somalireview.com/2016/10/somalias-regional-states-submit-upper-house-nominations/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.khaatumo.com/","external_links_name":"\"榴莲视频官网_污榴莲视频_▓成人榴莲视频▓无码免费_www.榴莲视频\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%27-Methyl-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinohexiophenone
|
4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone
|
["1 Legality","2 See also","3 References"]
|
Chemical compound
4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenoneClinical dataOther namesMPHPLegal statusLegal status
DE: NpSG (Industrial and scientific use only)
UK: Class B
US: Schedule I
Illegal in Sweden
Identifiers
IUPAC name
(RS)-1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-hexanone
CAS Number34138-58-4PubChem CID6423085ChemSpider4928584UNIIY8D4922F5KCompTox Dashboard (EPA)DTXSID401028805 Chemical and physical dataFormulaC17H25NOMolar mass259.393 g·mol−13D model (JSmol)Interactive imageChiralityRacemic mixture
SMILES
c2cc(C)ccc2C(=O)C(CCCC)N1CCCC1
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H25NO/c1-3-4-7-16(18-12-5-6-13-18)17(19)15-10-8-14(2)9-11-15/h8-11,16H,3-7,12-13H2,1-2H3Key:YOSQVMGMENUCDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone (MPHP) is a stimulant compound which has been reported as a novel designer drug. It is closely related to pyrovalerone, being simply its chain-lengthened homologue. In the pyrrolidinophenone series, stimulant activity is maintained so long as the positions of the aryl, ketone and pyrrolidinyl groups are held constant, while the alkyl backbone can be varied anywhere between three and as many as seven carbons, with highest potency usually seen with the pentyl or isohexyl backbone, and a variety of substituents are tolerated on the aromatic ring.
In 2010 a group of researchers from the Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Germany concluded that MPHP can lead to serious poisoning with toxic liver damage and rhabdomyolysis.
Legality
In the United States, MPHP is a Schedule I Controlled Substance. Sweden's public health agency suggested to classify MPHP as narcotic on June 1, 2015.
See also
α-PBP
α-PHP
α-PPP
α-PVP
4-Cl-PHP
MDPHP
Prolintane
References
^ Springer D, Peters FT, Fritschi G, Maurer HH (June 2003). "New designer drug 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone: studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry". Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences. 789 (1): 79–91. doi:10.1016/S1570-0232(03)00043-6. PMID 12726846.
^ Peters FT, Dragan CA, Kauffels A, Schwaninger AE, Zapp J, Bureik M, Maurer HH (May 2009). "Biotechnological synthesis of the designer drug metabolite 4'-hydroxymethyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone in fission yeast heterologously expressing human cytochrome P450 2D6--a versatile alternative to multistep chemical synthesis". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 33 (4): 190–7. doi:10.1093/jat/33.4.190. PMID 19470220.
^ Sauer C, Hoffmann K, Schimmel U, Peters FT (May 2011). "Acute poisoning involving the pyrrolidinophenone-type designer drug 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MPHP)". Forensic Science International. 208 (1–3): e20-5. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.02.026. PMID 21444164.
^ GB patent 1149366, "α-substituted-ketones and processes for their preparation."
^ Meltzer PC, Butler D, Deschamps JR, Madras BK (February 2006). "1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (Pyrovalerone) analogues: a promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 49 (4): 1420–32. doi:10.1021/jm050797a. PMC 2602954. PMID 16480278.
^ Sauer C, Hoffmann K, Schimmel U, Peters FT (May 2011). "Acute poisoning involving the pyrrolidinophenone-type designer drug 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MPHP)". Forensic Science International. 208 (1–3): e20-5. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.02.026. PMID 21444164.
^ "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of N-Ethylhexedrone, α-PHP, 4-MEAP, MPHP, PV8, and 4-Chloro-α-PVP in Schedule I". Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original on 2021-04-30. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
^ "23 nya ämnen kan klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
vteStimulantsAdamantanes
Adapromine
Amantadine
Bromantane
Memantine
Rimantadine
Adenosine antagonists
8-Chlorotheophylline
8-Cyclopentyltheophylline
8-Phenyltheophylline
Aminophylline
Caffeine
CGS-15943
Dimethazan
Istradefylline
Paraxanthine
SCH-58261
Theobromine
Theophylline
Alkylamines
Cyclopentamine
Cypenamine
Cyprodenate
Heptaminol
Isometheptene
Levopropylhexedrine
Methylhexaneamine
Octodrine
Propylhexedrine
Tuaminoheptane
Ampakines
CX-516
CX-546
CX-614
CX-691
CX-717
IDRA-21
LY-404,187
LY-503,430
Nooglutyl
Org 26576
PEPA
S-18986
Sunifiram
Unifiram
Arylcyclohexylamines
Benocyclidine
Dieticyclidine
Esketamine
Eticyclidine
Gacyclidine
Ketamine
Phencyclamine
Phencyclidine
Rolicyclidine
Tenocyclidine
Tiletamine
Benzazepines
6-Br-APB
SKF-77434
SKF-81297
SKF-82958
Cathinones
3-Fluoromethcathinone
3,4-DMMC
4-BMC
4-CMC
4-Methylbuphedrone
4-Methylcathinone
4-MEAP
4-Methylpentedrone
Amfepramone
Benzedrone
Buphedrone
Bupropion
Butylone
Cathinone
Dimethylcathinone
Ethcathinone
Ethylone
Flephedrone
Hexedrone
Isoethcathinone
Mephedrone
Methcathinone
Methedrone
Methylenedioxycathinone
Methylone
Mexedrone
N-Ethylbuphedrone
N-Ethylhexedrone
Pentedrone
Pentylone
Phthalimidopropiophenone
Cholinergics
A-84,543
A-366,833
ABT-202
ABT-418
AR-R17779
Altinicline
Anabasine
Arecoline
Bradanicline
Cotinine
Cytisine
Dianicline
Epibatidine
Epiboxidine
GTS-21
Ispronicline
Nicotine
PHA-543,613
PNU-120,596
PNU-282,987
Pozanicline
Rivanicline
Sazetidine A
SIB-1553A
SSR-180,711
TC-1698
TC-1827
TC-2216
Tebanicline
UB-165
Varenicline
WAY-317,538
Convulsants
Anatoxin-a
Bicuculline
DMCM
Flurothyl
Gabazine
Pentetrazol
Picrotoxin
Strychnine
Thujone
Eugeroics
Adrafinil
Armodafinil
CRL-40,940
CRL-40,941
Fluorenol
Modafinil
Oxazolines
4-Methylaminorex
Aminorex
Clominorex
Cyclazodone
Fenozolone
Fluminorex
Pemoline
Thozalinone
Phenethylamines
1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-aminobutane
1-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propane
2-Fluoroamphetamine
2-Fluoromethamphetamine
2-OH-PEA
2-Phenyl-3-aminobutane
2,3-MDA
3-Fluoroamphetamine
3-Fluoroethamphetamine
3-Methoxyamphetamine
3-Methylamphetamine
4-Fluoroamphetamine
4-Fluoromethamphetamine
4-MA
4-MMA
4-MTA
6-FNE
AL-1095
Alfetamine
a-Ethylphenethylamine
Amfecloral
Amfepentorex
Amidephrine
2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene
2-Aminoindane
5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole
2-Aminotetralin
Acridorex
Amphetamine (Dextroamphetamine, Levoamphetamine)
Amphetaminil
Arbutamine
β-Methylphenethylamine
β-Phenylmethamphetamine
Benfluorex
Benzphetamine
BDB
BOH
3-Benzhydrylmorpholine
BPAP
Camfetamine
Cathine
Chlorphentermine
Cilobamine
Cinnamedrine
Clenbuterol
Clobenzorex
Cloforex
Clortermine
Cypenamine
D-Deprenyl
Denopamine
Dimethoxyamphetamine
Dimethylamphetamine
Dobutamine
DOPA (Dextrodopa, Levodopa)
Dopamine
Dopexamine
Droxidopa
EBDB
Ephedrine
Epinephrine
Epinine
Etafedrine
Ethylnorepinephrine
Etilamfetamine
Etilefrine
Famprofazone
Fencamfamin
Fencamine
Fenethylline
Fenfluramine (Dexfenfluramine, Levofenfluramine)
Fenproporex
Feprosidnine
Fludorex
Formetorex
Furfenorex
Gepefrine
Hexapradol
HMMA
Hordenine
4-Hydroxyamphetamine
5-Iodo-2-aminoindane
Ibopamine
Indanylamphetamine
Iofetamine
Isoetarine
Isoprenaline
L-Deprenyl (Selegiline)
Lefetamine
Lisdexamfetamine
Lophophine
MBDB
MDA (tenamfetamine)
MDBU
MDEA
MDMA (midomafetamine)
MDMPEA
MDOH
MDPR
MDPEA
Mefenorex
Mephentermine
Metanephrine
Metaraminol
Mesocarb
Methamphetamine (Dextromethamphetamine, Levomethamphetamine)
Methoxamine
Methoxyphenamine
MMA
Methoxyphenamine
MMDA
MMDMA
MMMA
Morforex
N,alpha-Diethylphenylethylamine
N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine
Naphthylamphetamine
Nisoxetine
Norepinephrine
Norfenefrine
Norfenfluramine
Normetanephrine
L-Norpseudoephedrine
Octopamine
Orciprenaline
Ortetamine
Oxifentorex
Oxilofrine
PBA
PCA
PCMA
PHA
Pentorex
Phenatine
Phenpromethamine
Phentermine
Phenylalanine
Phenylephrine
Phenylpropanolamine
Pholedrine
PIA
PMA
PMEA
PMMA
PPAP
Prenylamine
Propylamphetamine
Pseudoephedrine
Ropinirole
Salbutamol (Levosalbutamol)
Sibutramine
Solriamfetol
Synephrine
Theodrenaline
Tiflorex
Tranylcypromine
Tyramine
Tyrosine
Xylopropamine
Zylofuramine
Phenylmorpholines
3-Fluorophenmetrazine
Fenbutrazate
Fenmetramide
G-130
Manifaxine
Morazone
Morforex
Oxaflozane
PD-128,907
Phendimetrazine
Phenmetrazine
2-Phenyl-3,6-dimethylmorpholine
Pseudophenmetrazine
Radafaxine
Piperazines
2C-B-BZP
3C-PEP
BZP
CM156
DBL-583
GBR-12783
GBR-12935
GBR-13069
GBR-13098
GBR-13119
MeOPP
MBZP
oMPP
Vanoxerine
Piperidines
1-Benzyl-4-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)piperidine
2-Benzylpiperidine
2-Methyl-3-phenylpiperidine
3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate
4-Benzylpiperidine
4-Fluoromethylphenidate
4-Methylmethylphenidate
Desoxypipradrol
Difemetorex
Diphenylpyraline
Ethylnaphthidate
Ethylphenidate
Methylnaphthidate
Isopropylphenidate
JZ-IV-10
Methylphenidate (Dexmethylphenidate)
Nocaine
Phacetoperane
Pipradrol
Propylphenidate
Serdexmethylphenidate
SCH-5472
Pyrrolidines
2-Diphenylmethylpyrrolidine
4-Cl-PVP
5-DBFPV
α-PPP
α-PBP
α-PCYP
α-PHiP
α-PHP
α-PHPP
α-PVP
α-PVT
Diphenylprolinol
DMPVP
FPOP
FPVP
MDPPP
MDPBP
MPBP
MPHP
MPPP
MOPVP
MOPPP
Indapyrophenidone
MDPV
Naphyrone
PEP
Picilorex
Prolintane
Pyrovalerone
Racetams
Oxiracetam
Phenylpiracetam
Phenylpiracetam hydrazide
Tropanes
4-fluorotropacocaine
4'-Fluorococaine
Altropane (IACFT)
Brasofensine
CFT (WIN 35,428)
β-CIT (RTI-55)
Cocaethylene
Cocaine
Dichloropane (RTI-111)
Difluoropine
FE-β-CPPIT
FP-β-CPPIT
Ioflupane (123I)
Norcocaine
PIT
PTT
RTI-31
RTI-32
RTI-51
RTI-112
RTI-113
RTI-120
RTI-121 (IPCIT)
RTI-126
RTI-150
RTI-177
RTI-229
RTI-336
RTI-354
RTI-371
RTI-386
Salicylmethylecgonine
Tesofensine
Troparil (β-CPT, WIN 35,065-2)
Tropoxane
WF-23
WF-33
Tryptamines
4-HO-αMT
4-Methyl-αET
4-Methyl-αMT
5-Chloro-αMT
5-Fluoro-αMT
5-MeO-αET
5-MeO-αMT
5-MeO-DIPT
6-Fluoro-αMT
7-Methyl-αET
αET
αMT
Others
2-MDP
3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine
Amfonelic acid
Amineptine
Amiphenazole
Atipamezole
Atomoxetine
Bemegride
Benzydamine
BTQ
BTS 74,398
Centanafadine
Ciclazindol
Clofenciclan
Cropropamide
Crotetamide
D-161
Desipramine
Diclofensine
Dimethocaine
Efaroxan
Etamivan
Fenisorex
Fenpentadiol
Gamfexine
Gilutensin
GSK1360707F
GYKI-52895
Hexacyclonate
Idazoxan
Indanorex
Indatraline
JNJ-7925476
Lazabemide
Leptacline
Lomevactone
LR-5182
Mazindol
Meclofenoxate
Medifoxamine
Mefexamide
Methamnetamine
Methastyridone
Methiopropamine
Naphthylaminopropane
Nefopam
Nikethamide
Nomifensine
O-2172
Oxaprotiline
PNU-99,194
PRC200-SS
Rasagiline
Rauwolscine
Rubidium chloride
Setazindol
Tametraline
Tandamine
Thiopropamine
Thiothinone
Trazium
UH-232
Yohimbine
ATC code: N06B
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"stimulant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant"},{"link_name":"designer drug","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designer_drug"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"pyrovalerone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrovalerone"},{"link_name":"homologue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_series"},{"link_name":"aryl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryl"},{"link_name":"ketone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketone"},{"link_name":"pyrrolidinyl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrolidine"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"rhabdomyolysis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabdomyolysis"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone (MPHP) is a stimulant compound which has been reported as a novel designer drug.[1][2][3] It is closely related to pyrovalerone, being simply its chain-lengthened homologue. In the pyrrolidinophenone series, stimulant activity is maintained so long as the positions of the aryl, ketone and pyrrolidinyl groups are held constant, while the alkyl backbone can be varied anywhere between three and as many as seven carbons,[4] with highest potency usually seen with the pentyl or isohexyl backbone, and a variety of substituents are tolerated on the aromatic ring.[5]In 2010 a group of researchers from the Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Germany concluded that MPHP can lead to serious poisoning with toxic liver damage and rhabdomyolysis.[6]","title":"4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Schedule I Controlled Substance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schedule_I_Controlled_Substance"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"In the United States, MPHP is a Schedule I Controlled Substance.[7] Sweden's public health agency suggested to classify MPHP as narcotic on June 1, 2015.[8]","title":"Legality"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"α-PBP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone"},{"title":"α-PHP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone"},{"title":"α-PPP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone"},{"title":"α-PVP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone"},{"title":"4-Cl-PHP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Cl-PHP"},{"title":"MDPHP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDPHP"},{"title":"Prolintane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolintane"}]
|
[{"reference":"Springer D, Peters FT, Fritschi G, Maurer HH (June 2003). \"New designer drug 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone: studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry\". Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences. 789 (1): 79–91. doi:10.1016/S1570-0232(03)00043-6. PMID 12726846.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1570-0232%2803%2900043-6","url_text":"10.1016/S1570-0232(03)00043-6"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12726846","url_text":"12726846"}]},{"reference":"Peters FT, Dragan CA, Kauffels A, Schwaninger AE, Zapp J, Bureik M, Maurer HH (May 2009). \"Biotechnological synthesis of the designer drug metabolite 4'-hydroxymethyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone in fission yeast heterologously expressing human cytochrome P450 2D6--a versatile alternative to multistep chemical synthesis\". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 33 (4): 190–7. doi:10.1093/jat/33.4.190. PMID 19470220.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjat%2F33.4.190","url_text":"\"Biotechnological synthesis of the designer drug metabolite 4'-hydroxymethyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone in fission yeast heterologously expressing human cytochrome P450 2D6--a versatile alternative to multistep chemical synthesis\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjat%2F33.4.190","url_text":"10.1093/jat/33.4.190"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19470220","url_text":"19470220"}]},{"reference":"Sauer C, Hoffmann K, Schimmel U, Peters FT (May 2011). \"Acute poisoning involving the pyrrolidinophenone-type designer drug 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MPHP)\". Forensic Science International. 208 (1–3): e20-5. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.02.026. PMID 21444164.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.forsciint.2011.02.026","url_text":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.02.026"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21444164","url_text":"21444164"}]},{"reference":"Meltzer PC, Butler D, Deschamps JR, Madras BK (February 2006). \"1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (Pyrovalerone) analogues: a promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors\". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 49 (4): 1420–32. doi:10.1021/jm050797a. PMC 2602954. PMID 16480278.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2602954","url_text":"\"1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (Pyrovalerone) analogues: a promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjm050797a","url_text":"10.1021/jm050797a"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2602954","url_text":"2602954"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16480278","url_text":"16480278"}]},{"reference":"Sauer C, Hoffmann K, Schimmel U, Peters FT (May 2011). \"Acute poisoning involving the pyrrolidinophenone-type designer drug 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MPHP)\". Forensic Science International. 208 (1–3): e20-5. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.02.026. PMID 21444164.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.forsciint.2011.02.026","url_text":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.02.026"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21444164","url_text":"21444164"}]},{"reference":"\"Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of N-Ethylhexedrone, α-PHP, 4-MEAP, MPHP, PV8, and 4-Chloro-α-PVP in Schedule I\". Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original on 2021-04-30. Retrieved 2019-07-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210430020931/https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2019/fr0501.htm","url_text":"\"Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of N-Ethylhexedrone, α-PHP, 4-MEAP, MPHP, PV8, and 4-Chloro-α-PVP in Schedule I\""},{"url":"https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2019/fr0501.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"23 nya ämnen kan klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara\". Retrieved 29 June 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2015/juni/23-nya-amnen-kan-klassas-som-narkotika-eller-halsofarlig-vara","url_text":"\"23 nya ämnen kan klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:76.14.85.215
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User talk:76.14.85.215
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[]
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Unregistered editors using this IP address received messages on this talk page years ago. Since users of the IP address have likely changed, these messages have been removed. They can be viewed in the page history.
This is the discussion page for an IP user, identified by the user's IP address. Many IP addresses change periodically, and are often shared by several users. If you are an IP user, you may create an account or log in to avoid future confusion with other IP users. Registering also hides your IP address.
(WHOIS (alt • old)
Geolocate (Alternate)
Proxy Checker
Current blocks
XTools
Global contributions)
(RIRs: Africa
America
Asia-Pacific
Europe
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[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"User talk:76.14.85.215"}]
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[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene_Ang
|
Irene Ang
|
["1 Career","2 Filmography","2.1 Film","2.2 Television","2.3 Web series","3 Theatre","4 Awards and nominations","5 References","6 External links"]
|
Singaporean actress, comedian, host and entrepreneur (born 1969)
In this Chinese name, the family name is Ang.
Irene AngAng in May 2020Born (1968-09-10) 10 September 1968 (age 55)SingaporeOther namesHong AilingEducationCHIJ Kellock Primary SchoolOutram Secondary SchoolOutram InstituteOccupationsActresscomedianentrepreneurhostradio presenterfencerYears active1989–presentChinese nameTraditional Chinese洪愛玲Simplified Chinese洪爱玲Hanyu PinyinHóng Àilíng
Irene Ang PBM (born 10 September 1968) is a Singaporean actress, comedian, host and entrepreneur, best known for portraying Rosie Phua on the Singaporean sitcom Phua Chu Kang Pte Ltd, as well as on the Malaysian sequel sitcom Phua Chu Kang Sdn Bhd and the series' film adaptation Phua Chu Kang The Movie. She is also the founder and the CEO of Fly Entertainment, and additionally owns a maid agency, as well as a number of F&B and other entertainment-related companies.
Career
Ang entered the local entertainment industry through serving as a stunt double in swimming in a Channel 8 drama series.
In 1991, Ang represented Singapore in the 1991 SEA Games for fencing and won a silver medal.
In 2022, Ang launched the web application TADAA! Casting which serves as a local and regional casting platform for entertainers.
In 2023, Ang was named as one of the recipients of the Public Service Medal (PBM), for her work as a committee member of the SkillsFuture programme with the South West Community Development Council.
Filmography
Ang has appeared in and/or produced the following programmes and films:
Film
Year
Title
Role
Notes
Ref.
2000
Stories About Love
Cameo
A Body Puzzle
Raymond's Mother
Cameo
Coming Home
Cameo
2001
A Sharp Pencil
Cameo
2010
Phua Chu Kang The Movie
Rosie Phua Chin Huay
2011
Perfect Rivals
Mei Mei
Producer
Already Famous
Herself
2012
Greedy Ghost
Ah Boys to Men
Mary Chow
2013
Ah Boys to Men 2
Love ... and Other Bad Habits
Mrs Cheng Cheng
2014
Bullets Over Petaling Street
Jun Po
Filial Party
Felicia Chin (Yoona's Mother)
2015
Ah Boys to Men 3: Frogmen
Mary Chow
Time is Money
2016
My Love Sinema
Producer
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
Ref.
1989
Splash to Victory
Ke Shasha
1990
Navy
1991
Pretty Faces
1997
Growing Up
P.E. teacher
1997–2007
Phua Chu Kang Pte Ltd
Rosie Phua Chin Huay
2003
Lobang King
Mabel
2008
Cosmo & George
Glorious Leader
2009–2010
Phua Chu Kang Sdn Bhd
Rosie Phua Chin Huay
2013
Who Is Max?
Producer
2014–2015
Spouse for House
Tan Soo Leng (Kitty)
2015
Lion Mums
2016
The Hush
2018
VIC
Victoria Lek / Vicky Zhan
In my Backyard
2019
I'm Madam
Ivy
2020
In Your Living Room
Happy-Go-Lucky
2021
Kin
Song Danling
2024
To Be Loved
Yao Huiqing
Web series
Year
Title
Role
Notes
Ref.
2018
SG Kakis
2020
Tiles War
2022
I'm Actor Ah De
Downstairs Season 3
Animation - Voice
Theatre
Ah Kong’s Birthday Party (1998)
PIE (1999)
1+1=3 (2003)
Mardi Gras (2003)
Phua Chu Kang - The Musical (2005)
Beauty World (2008)
Stand Up for Singapore (2008)
Awards and nominations
Year
Award
Category
Nominated work
Result
Ref
1991
1991 SEA Games
Fencing
—
Silver
1993
Miss Chinese International Pageant 1993
—
—
competed
2002
Asian Television Awards
Best Comedy Performance by an Actress
Phua Chu Kang Pte Ltd
Won
2014
Asian Television Awards
Best Comedy Performance by an Actress
Spouse For House
Won
2024
Star Awards 2024
Top 10 Most Popular Female Artistes
—
Nominated
References
^ "Actresses Patricia Mok & Irene Ang model as S'pore version of Barbie & Ken for National Day". mothership.sg. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
^ "自嘲"半退休" 洪爱玲愿为《鬼马家族》等到80岁 | 早报". www.zaobao.com.sg (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 8 September 2023.
^ a b c "Irene Ang's love for fencing led her ex-boss to think she had love bites". AsiaOne. 13 August 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
^ "洪爱玲开发应用 为演艺人员找工作 | 早报". www.zaobao.com.sg (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 8 September 2023.
^ "年少叛逆亏欠祖母 洪爱玲灵堂前立志回馈社会 | 早报". www.zaobao.com.sg (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 8 September 2023.
^ "Irene Ang". mewatch. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
^ "洪爱玲". mewatch. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
^ "Irene-Ang-CV-Apr-2020" (PDF). Fly Entertainment. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Irene Ang.
Irene Ang at IMDb
This Singaporean biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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|
[]
| null |
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|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuette_v._Coalition_to_Defend_Affirmative_Action
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Schuette v. BAMN
|
["1 Background","2 Supreme Court","2.1 Opinion and concurrences","2.2 Dissent","3 References","4 External links"]
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2014 United States Supreme Court caseSchuette v. BAMNSupreme Court of the United StatesArgued October 15, 2013Decided April 22, 2014Full case nameSchuette, Attorney General of Michigan v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, Integration and Immigration Rights and Fight for Equality By Any Means Necessary (BAMN) et al.Docket no.12-682Citations572 U.S. 291 (more)134 S. Ct. 1623; 188 L. Ed. 2d 613ArgumentOral argumentCase historyPrior539 F. Supp. 2d 924 (E.D. Mich. 2008); 539 F. Supp. 2d 960 (E.D. Mich. 2008); 592 F. Supp. 2d 948 (E.D. Mich. 2008); 652 F.3d 607 (6th Cir. 2011); 701 F.3d 466 (6th Cir. 2012); cert. granted, 568 U.S. 1249 (2013).HoldingMichigan's Proposal 2, banning race-based affirmative action in state universities, does not violate the Equal Protection Clause.Court membership
Chief Justice
John Roberts
Associate Justices
Antonin Scalia · Anthony KennedyClarence Thomas · Ruth Bader GinsburgStephen Breyer · Samuel AlitoSonia Sotomayor · Elena Kagan
Case opinionsPluralityKennedy, joined by Roberts, AlitoConcurrenceRobertsConcurrenceScalia (in judgment), joined by ThomasConcurrenceBreyer (in judgment)DissentSotomayor, joined by GinsburgKagan took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.Laws appliedU.S. Const. amend. XIV
Schuette v. BAMN, 572 U.S. 291 (2014), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning affirmative action and race- and sex-based discrimination in public university admissions. In a 6-2 decision, the Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause does not prevent states from enacting bans on affirmative action in education.
The case arose after Michigan voters approved the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative, which amended the state constitution to make affirmative action illegal in public employment and public education. In a plurality opinion joined by two other justices, Justice Anthony Kennedy held that the ban on affirmative action was constitutional. Kennedy wrote that "here is no authority in the Constitution of the United States or in this Court's precedents for the Judiciary to set aside Michigan laws that commit this policy determination to the voters." Justices Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas, and Stephen Breyer concurred in the result but filed or joined separate opinions. In her dissenting opinion, Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor wrote that the voters of Michigan had "changed the basic rules of the political process in that State in a manner that uniquely disadvantaged racial minorities."
Background
In 1961, President John F. Kennedy issued an executive order establishing the concept of affirmative action and mandating that federally financed projects ensure that their hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias. With the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin was prohibited.
In the first case involving affirmative action in higher education, the Supreme Court ruled in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) that the UC Davis medical school admissions program violated the Fourteenth Amendment with the institution of quotas for underrepresented minorities. It did not, however, eliminate race as a factor in university admissions, calling diversity a "compelling interest".
The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in Hopwood v. Texas (5th Cir. 1996) that the University of Texas School of Law could not use race as a factor in admissions. This was the first successful legal challenge to racial preferences since Bakke.
Two cases in 2003 involving the University of Michigan found that the university's policy of granting extra points to minorities for undergraduate admissions was unconstitutional (Gratz v. Bollinger) but that a program which gave holistic consideration for being a certain racial minority, though not an automatic boost, in admissions to the law school was constitutional (Grutter v. Bollinger).
Michigan voters approved Proposal 2 in 2006 which amended the state's constitution to make affirmative action illegal in public employment, public education or public contracting purposes, except for actions mandated by federal law or that are necessary in order for an institution to receive federal funding.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in 2012 that the ban was unconstitutional.
Supreme Court
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2014)
The Court heard oral argument on October 15, 2013. John J. Bursch, then the Michigan Solicitor General, argued for the petitioner, Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette. Mark D. Rosenbaum argued for the Cantrell respondents, and Shanta Driver argued for BAMN. Justice Elena Kagan took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
Opinion and concurrences
On April 22, 2014, the Court ruled for the petitioner that the ban on affirmative action in the Michigan Constitution is constitutional. Justice Kennedy, writing the plurality opinion, wrote that "here is no authority in the Constitution of the United States or in this Court's precedents for the Judiciary to set aside Michigan laws that commit this policy determination to the voters." Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito joined in the plurality.
Chief Justice Roberts also filed a concurring opinion, arguing that the dissent contains a paradox: the governing board banning affirmative action is an exercise of policymaking authority, but others who reach that conclusion (presumed to mean the supporters of Proposal 2) do not take race seriously. He continues that racial preferences may actually do more harm than good, as they reinforce doubt about whether or not minorities belong.
Justice Scalia filed an opinion concurring in the judgment, joined by Justice Thomas. He examines what he calls a "frighteningly bizarre question": Whether the Equal Protection Clause forbids what its text requires. He answers this by quoting his concurrence/dissent in Grutter: that "the Constitution government discrimination on the basis of race, and state-provided education is no exception." He asserts that the people of Michigan adopted that understanding of the clause as their fundamental law, and that by adopting it, "they did not simultaneously offend it."
Justice Breyer filed an opinion concurring in the judgment, arguing that the case has nothing to do with reordering the political process, nor moving decision-making power from one level to another, but rather that university boards delegated admissions-related authority to unelected faculty and administration. He further argues that the same principle which supports the right of the people or their representatives to adopt affirmative action policies for the sake of inclusion also gives them the right to vote not to do so, as Michigan did.
Dissent
Justice Sotomayor filed a dissent, joined by Justice Ginsburg, outlining what she called the nation's "long and lamentable record of stymieing the right of racial minorities to participate in the political process." She charges that " majority of the Michigan electorate changed the basic rules of the political process in that State in a manner that uniquely disadvantaged racial minorities." Sotomayor contended that those opposed to affirmative action policies could have either lobbied the boards of the state's universities to change their policies or, through the electoral process, changed the membership of the boards. She invokes the political-process doctrine, recognized in Hunter v. Erickson (1969) and Washington v. Seattle School District (1982), whereby "hen the majority reconfigures the political process in a manner that burdens only a racial minority, that alteration triggers strict judicial scrutiny." Sotomayor had previously credited her own admission to college to affirmative action, stating "I am the perfect affirmative action baby", and that without affirmative action "it would have been highly questionable if I would have been accepted." In the dissent, Sotomayor notably paraphrased Chief Justice John Roberts's majority opinion in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1, writing that "The way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to speak openly and candidly on the subject of race, and to apply the Constitution with eyes open to the unfortunate effects of centuries of racial discrimination."
References
^ Mich. Const., Art. I, sec. 26
^ Lewin, Tamar (November 15, 2012). "Affirmative Action Ban in Michigan Is Rejected". The New York Times. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
^ BAMN v. Regents of the University of Michigan, et al. (6th Cir. 2012)
^ Bensur, Gabriella (October 15, 2013). "Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action". Cornell University Law School. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Denniston, Lyle (April 22, 2014). "Opinion analysis: Affirmative action — up to the voters". SCOTUSblog. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
^ Howe, Amy (April 23, 2014). "Divided Court upholds Michigan's ban on affirmative action: In Plain English". SCOTUSblog. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
^ Schuette v. BAMN, 572 U.S. ___ (2014)
^ "Schuette v. Coal. Defend Affirmative Action, Integration & Immigration Rights, 572 U.S. ___ (2014)". Justia Law. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
^ Mears, Bill (June 11, 2009). "Sotomayor says she was 'perfect affirmative action baby'". CNN. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
^ "Schuette v. BAMN, 572 U.S. 291 (2014)". Justia Law. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
External links
Text of Schuette v. BAMN, 572 U.S. 291 (2014) is available from: Justia Oyez (oral argument audio) Supreme Court (slip opinion) (archived)
vteAffirmative action in the United StatesSupreme Court andlower court decisionsEducation
DeFunis v. Odegaard (1974)
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
United States v. Fordice (1992)
Hopwood v. Texas (5th Cir. 1996)
Texas v. Lesage (1999)
Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)
Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
Doe v. Kamehameha Schools/Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate (9th Cir. 2006)
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007)
Fisher v. University of Texas I (2013)
Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action (2014)
Fisher v. University of Texas II (2016)
Coalition for TJ v. Fairfax County School Board (4th Cir. 2023)
Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College (2023)
Employment
Griggs v. Duke Power Co. (1971)
Morton v. Mancari (1974)
Schlesinger v. Ballard (1975)
Hazelwood School District v. United States (1977)
United Steelworkers v. Weber (1979)
Firefighters v. Stotts (1984)
Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education (1986)
Sheet Metal Workers v. EEOC (1986)
Firefighters v. City of Cleveland (1986)
United States v. Paradise (1987)
Johnson v. Transportation Agency (1987)
Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio (1989)
Piscataway School Board v. Taxman (3d Cir. 1996)
Ricci v. DeStefano (2009)
Charlton-Perkins v. University of Cincinnati (6th Cir. 2022)
Grants,Contracting,and Set-Asides
Kahn v. Shevin (1974)
Califano v. Webster (1977)
Fullilove v. Klutznick (1980)
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co. (1989)
Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC (1990)
Lamprecht v. FCC (D.C. Cir. 1992)
Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. Contractors of America v. City of Jacksonville (1993)
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña (1995)
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Slater (2000)
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Mineta (2001)
Vitolo v. Guzman (6th Cir. 2021)
Federal legislationand edicts
Section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866
Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (1868)
Executive Order 10925 (1961)
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Executive Order 11246 (1965)
State initiatives
Proposition 209 (CA, 1996)
Initiative 200 (WA, 1998)
Proposal 2 (MI, 2006)
Amendment 46 (CO, 2008, failed)
Initiative 424 (NE, 2008)
Proposition 107 (AZ, 2010)
State Question 759 (OK, 2012)
Referendum 88 (WA, 2019, failed)
Proposition 16 (CA, 2020, failed)
People
Peter Arcidiacono
Edward Blum
Carl Cohen
Ward Connerly
Arthur Fletcher
Richard Kahlenberg
Richard Sander
Stuart Taylor Jr.
Abigail Thermstrom
Stephan Thermstrom
Ron Unz
vteUnited States Fourteenth Amendment case lawCitizenship Clause
Slaughter-House Cases (1873)
Minor v. Happersett (1875)
Elk v. Wilkins (1884)
United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898)
Perez v. Brownell (1958)
Afroyim v. Rusk (1967)
Rogers v. Bellei (1971)
Saenz v. Roe (1999)
Due Process ClauseEconomic substantivedue process
Mugler v. Kansas (1887)
Allgeyer v. Louisiana (1897)
Holden v. Hardy (1898)
Lochner v. New York (1905)
Muller v. Oregon (1908)
Coppage v. Kansas (1915)
Buchanan v. Warley (1917)
Adams v. Tanner (1917)
O'Gorman & Young, Inc. v. Hartford Fire Insurance Co. (1931)
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish (1937)
Right to privacy
Meyer v. Nebraska (1923)
Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925)
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Doe v. Bolton (1973)
Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (2016)
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022)
Abortion jurisprudence
United States v. Vuitch (1971)
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Doe v. Bolton (1973)
Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth (1976)
Bellotti v. Baird I (1976)
Colautti v. Franklin (1979)
Bellotti v. Baird II (1979)
H. L. v. Matheson (1981)
City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1983)
Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists (1986)
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
Hodgson v. Minnesota (1990)
Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1990)
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
Leavitt v. Jane L. (1996)
Lambert v. Wicklund (1997)
Mazurek v. Armstrong (1997)
Stenberg v. Carhart (2000)
Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England (2006)
Gonzales v. Carhart (2007)
Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (2016)
Azar v. Garza (2018)
Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc. (2019)
June Medical Services, LLC v. Russo (2020)
Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022)
Civil rights liabilityunder Section 1983
Monroe v. Pape (1961)
McNeese v. Board of Education (1963)
Pierson v. Ray (1967)
Jenkins v. McKeithen (1969)
Scheuer v. Rhodes (1974)
Wood v. Strickland (1975)
O'Connor v. Donaldson (1975)
Paul v. Davis (1976)
Imbler v. Pachtman (1976)
Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York (1978)
Procunier v. Navarette (1978)
Owen v. City of Independence (1980)
Harlow v. Fitzgerald (1982)
Felder v. Casey (1988)
Will v. Michigan Department of State Police (1989)
Gonzaga University v. Doe (2002)
Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community (2003)
City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams (2005)
Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee (2009)
Ashcroft v. Iqbal (2009)
Los Angeles County v. Humphries (2010)
Connick v. Thompson (2011)
Other
Jacobson v. Massachusetts (1905)
Zucht v. King (1922)
Buck v. Bell (1927)
Powell v. Alabama (1932)
Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co. (1950)
NAACP v. Alabama (1958)
Hoyt v. Florida (1961)
Oyler v. Boles (1962)
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
Epperson v. Arkansas (1968)
In re Winship (1971)
Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur (1974)
Arnett v. Kennedy (1974)
Taylor v. Louisiana (1975)
Goss v. Lopez (1975)
Mathews v. Eldridge (1976)
Moore v. City of East Cleveland (1977)
Duren v. Missouri (1979)
Parham v. J.R. (1979)
Parratt v. Taylor (1981)
Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Co. (1982)
Kolender v. Lawson (1983)
Hudson v. Palmer (1984)
Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill (1985)
Edwards v. Aguillard (1987)
Turner v. Safley (1987)
DeShaney v. Winnebago County (1989)
Michael H. v. Gerald D. (1989)
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health (1990)
Washington v. Glucksberg (1997)
Troxel v. Granville (2000)
Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co. (2009)
Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
Williams v. Pennsylvania (2016)
Equal Protection ClauseRace
Pace v. Alabama (1883)
Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886)
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education (1899)
Lum v. Rice (1927)
Smith v. Texas (1940)
Hirabayashi v. United States (1943)
Korematsu v. United States (1944)
Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma (1948)
Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)
Perez v. Sharp (Cal. 1948)
Sweatt v. Painter (1950)
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950)
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Briggs v. Elliott
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
Gebhart v. Belton
Lucy v. Adams (1955)
Browder v. Gayle (M.D. Ala. 1956)
Anderson v. Martin (1964)
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County (1964)
McLaughlin v. Florida (1964)
Reitman v. Mulkey (1967)
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
Lee v. Washington (1968)
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County (1968)
Hunter v. Erickson (1969)
Hadnott v. Amos (1969)
United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education (1969)
Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education (1969)
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)
McDaniel v. Barresi (1971)
Palmer v. Thompson (1971)
Coit v. Green (1971)
Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson (1971)
Jefferson v. Hackney (1972)
Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver (1973)
Norwood v. Harrison (1973)
Milliken v. Bradley (1974)
Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. (1977)
Dayton Bd. of Ed. v. Brinkman (1977)
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
Washington v. Seattle School Dist. No. 1 (1982)
Crawford v. Los Angeles Board of Education (1982)
Palmore v. Sidoti (1984)
Hunter v. Underwood (1985)
Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education (1986)
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co. (1989)
Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell (1991)
Freeman v. Pitts (1992)
United States v. Fordice (1992)
Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. Contractors of America v. Jacksonville (1993)
Missouri v. Jenkins (1995)
Texas v. Lesage (1999)
Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)
Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
Johnson v. California (2005)
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007)
Fisher v. University of Texas I (2013)
Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action (2014)
Fisher v. University of Texas II (2016)
Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College (2023)
Sex
Breedlove v. Suttles (1937)
Goesaert v. Cleary (1948)
Reed v. Reed (1971)
Moritz v. Commissioner (1972)
Kahn v. Shevin (1974)
Geduldig v. Aiello (1974)
Stanton v. Stanton (1975)
Edwards v. Healy (1975)
Craig v. Boren (1976)
Orr v. Orr (1979)
Parham v. Hughes (1979)
Caban v. Mohammed (1979)
Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v. Feeney (1979)
Wengler v. Druggists Mut. Ins. Co. (1980)
Kirchberg v. Feenstra (1981)
Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County (1981)
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan (1982)
Lehr v. Robertson (1983)
J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B. (1994)
United States v. Virginia (1996)
Sexual orientation
Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)
Romer v. Evans (1996)
Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
Alienage
Patsone v. Pennsylvania (1914)
Truax v. Raich (1915)
Heim v. McCall (1915)
Crane v. New York (1915)
Terrace v. Thompson (1923)
Porterfield v. Webb (1923)
Webb v. O'Brien (1923)
Frick v. Webb (1923)
Ohio ex rel. Clark v. Deckebach (1927)
Takahashi v. Fish and Game Comm'n (1948)
Hernandez v. Texas (1954)
Graham v. Richardson (1971)
Sugarman v. Dougall (1973)
In re Griffiths (1973)
Examining Board v. Flores de Otero (1976)
Nyquist v. Mauclet (1977)
Foley v. Connelie (1978)
Ambach v. Norwick (1979)
Cabell v. Chavez-Salido (1982)
Plyler v. Doe (1982)
Bernal v. Fainter (1984)
Residency
Shapiro v. Thompson (1969)
Arlington County Board v. Richards (1977)
Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. Ward (1985)
Other
United States v. Cruikshank (1876)
Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co. (1886)
Quaker City Cab Co. v. Commonwealth (1928)
Breedlove v. Suttles (1937)
Skinner v. Oklahoma (1942)
Oyama v. California (1948)
Oyler v. Boles (1962)
Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections (1966)
Rinaldi v. Yeager (1966)
Levy v. Louisiana (1968)
Williams v. Rhodes (1968)
Oregon v. Mitchell (1970)
Boddie v. Connecticut (1971)
Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972)
Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co. (1973)
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973)
Richardson v. Ramirez (1974)
Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas (1974)
Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia (1976)
Trimble v. Gordon (1977)
Zablocki v. Redhail (1978)
New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer (1979)
Mills v. Habluetzel (1982)
City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. (1985)
Clark v. Jeter (1988)
Kadrmas v. Dickinson Public Schools (1988)
Gregory v. Ashcroft (1991)
Vacco v. Quill (1997)
Bush v. Gore (2000)
Armour v. Indianapolis (2012)
Enforcement Clause
Civil Rights Cases (1883)
Katzenbach v. Morgan (1966)
Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer (1976)
Dellmuth v. Muth (1989)
City of Boerne v. Flores (1997)
Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank (1999)
Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents (2000)
United States v. Morrison (2000)
Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett (2001)
Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs (2003)
Tennessee v. Lane (2004)
United States v. Georgia (2006)
Shelby County v. Holder (2013)
Other
Gold Clause Cases (1935)
Trump v. Anderson (2024)
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"landmark decision","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_landmark_court_decisions_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"affirmative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"admissions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_and_college_admission#United_States"},{"link_name":"Fourteenth Amendment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution"},{"link_name":"Equal Protection Clause","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause"},{"link_name":"Michigan Civil Rights Initiative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Civil_Rights_Initiative"},{"link_name":"Anthony Kennedy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy"},{"link_name":"Antonin Scalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonin_Scalia"},{"link_name":"Clarence Thomas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Thomas"},{"link_name":"Stephen Breyer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Breyer"},{"link_name":"Sonia Sotomayor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor"}],"text":"2014 United States Supreme Court caseSchuette v. BAMN, 572 U.S. 291 (2014), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning affirmative action and race- and sex-based discrimination in public university admissions. In a 6-2 decision, the Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause does not prevent states from enacting bans on affirmative action in education.The case arose after Michigan voters approved the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative, which amended the state constitution to make affirmative action illegal in public employment and public education. In a plurality opinion joined by two other justices, Justice Anthony Kennedy held that the ban on affirmative action was constitutional. Kennedy wrote that \"[t]here is no authority in the Constitution of the United States or in this Court's precedents for the Judiciary to set aside Michigan laws that commit this policy determination to the voters.\" Justices Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas, and Stephen Breyer concurred in the result but filed or joined separate opinions. In her dissenting opinion, Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor wrote that the voters of Michigan had \"changed the basic rules of the political process in that State in a manner that uniquely disadvantaged racial minorities.\"","title":"Schuette v. BAMN"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"John F. Kennedy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy"},{"link_name":"executive order","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_order"},{"link_name":"Civil Rights Act of 1964","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964"},{"link_name":"Regents of the University of California v. Bakke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regents_of_the_University_of_California_v._Bakke"},{"link_name":"UC Davis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis"},{"link_name":"Fourteenth Amendment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution"},{"link_name":"Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit"},{"link_name":"Hopwood v. Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopwood_v._Texas"},{"link_name":"University of Texas School of Law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Texas_School_of_Law"},{"link_name":"University of Michigan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michigan"},{"link_name":"Gratz v. Bollinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratz_v._Bollinger"},{"link_name":"Grutter v. Bollinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grutter_v._Bollinger"},{"link_name":"Proposal 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Civil_Rights_Initiative"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"In 1961, President John F. Kennedy issued an executive order establishing the concept of affirmative action and mandating that federally financed projects ensure that their hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias. With the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin was prohibited.In the first case involving affirmative action in higher education, the Supreme Court ruled in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) that the UC Davis medical school admissions program violated the Fourteenth Amendment with the institution of quotas for underrepresented minorities. It did not, however, eliminate race as a factor in university admissions, calling diversity a \"compelling interest\".The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in Hopwood v. Texas (5th Cir. 1996) that the University of Texas School of Law could not use race as a factor in admissions. This was the first successful legal challenge to racial preferences since Bakke.Two cases in 2003 involving the University of Michigan found that the university's policy of granting extra points to minorities for undergraduate admissions was unconstitutional (Gratz v. Bollinger) but that a program which gave holistic consideration for being a certain racial minority, though not an automatic boost, in admissions to the law school was constitutional (Grutter v. Bollinger).Michigan voters approved Proposal 2 in 2006 which amended the state's constitution to make affirmative action illegal in public employment, public education or public contracting purposes, except for actions mandated by federal law or that are necessary in order for an institution to receive federal funding.[1]The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in 2012 that the ban was unconstitutional.[2][3]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"John J. Bursch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._Bursch"},{"link_name":"Michigan Solicitor General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Solicitor_General"},{"link_name":"Michigan Attorney General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Attorney_General"},{"link_name":"Bill Schuette","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Schuette"},{"link_name":"BAMN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAMN"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"The Court heard oral argument on October 15, 2013. John J. Bursch, then the Michigan Solicitor General, argued for the petitioner, Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette. Mark D. Rosenbaum argued for the Cantrell respondents, and Shanta Driver argued for BAMN. Justice Elena Kagan took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.[4]","title":"Supreme Court"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Michigan Constitution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Constitution"},{"link_name":"Justice Kennedy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy"},{"link_name":"plurality opinion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20140611060434/http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/13pdf/12-682_j4ek.pdf"},{"link_name":"Constitution of the United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Chief Justice Roberts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts"},{"link_name":"Justice Alito","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Alito"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Justice Scalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonin_Scalia"},{"link_name":"Justice Thomas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Thomas"},{"link_name":"Equal Protection Clause","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Opinion-7"},{"link_name":"Justice Breyer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Breyer"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"sub_title":"Opinion and concurrences","text":"On April 22, 2014, the Court ruled for the petitioner that the ban on affirmative action in the Michigan Constitution is constitutional. Justice Kennedy, writing the plurality opinion, wrote that \"[t]here is no authority in the Constitution of the United States or in this Court's precedents for the Judiciary to set aside Michigan laws that commit this policy determination to the voters.\"[5] Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito joined in the plurality.[6]Chief Justice Roberts also filed a concurring opinion, arguing that the dissent contains a paradox: the governing board banning affirmative action is an exercise of policymaking authority, but others who reach that conclusion (presumed to mean the supporters of Proposal 2) do not take race seriously. He continues that racial preferences may actually do more harm than good, as they reinforce doubt about whether or not minorities belong.[citation needed]Justice Scalia filed an opinion concurring in the judgment, joined by Justice Thomas. He examines what he calls a \"frighteningly bizarre question\": Whether the Equal Protection Clause forbids what its text requires. He answers this by quoting his concurrence/dissent in Grutter: that \"the Constitution [forbids] government discrimination on the basis of race, and state-provided education is no exception.\" He asserts that the people of Michigan adopted that understanding of the clause as their fundamental law, and that by adopting it, \"they did not simultaneously offend it.\"[7]Justice Breyer filed an opinion concurring in the judgment, arguing that the case has nothing to do with reordering the political process, nor moving decision-making power from one level to another, but rather that university boards delegated admissions-related authority to unelected faculty and administration. He further argues that the same principle which supports the right of the people or their representatives to adopt affirmative action policies for the sake of inclusion also gives them the right to vote not to do so, as Michigan did.[8]","title":"Supreme Court"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Justice Sotomayor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor"},{"link_name":"Justice Ginsburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg"},{"link_name":"Hunter v. Erickson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_v._Erickson"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"sub_title":"Dissent","text":"Justice Sotomayor filed a dissent, joined by Justice Ginsburg, outlining what she called the nation's \"long and lamentable record of stymieing the right of racial minorities to participate in the political process.\" She charges that \"[a] majority of the Michigan electorate changed the basic rules of the political process in that State in a manner that uniquely disadvantaged racial minorities.\" Sotomayor contended that those opposed to affirmative action policies could have either lobbied the boards of the state's universities to change their policies or, through the electoral process, changed the membership of the boards. She invokes the political-process doctrine, recognized in Hunter v. Erickson (1969) and Washington v. Seattle School District (1982), whereby \"[w]hen the majority reconfigures the political process in a manner that burdens only a racial minority, that alteration triggers strict judicial scrutiny.\" Sotomayor had previously credited her own admission to college to affirmative action, stating \"I am the perfect affirmative action baby\", and that without affirmative action \"it would have been highly questionable if I would have been accepted.\"[9] In the dissent, Sotomayor notably paraphrased Chief Justice John Roberts's majority opinion in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1, writing that \"The way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to speak openly and candidly on the subject of race, and to apply the Constitution with eyes open to the unfortunate effects of centuries of racial discrimination.\"[10]","title":"Supreme Court"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Lewin, Tamar (November 15, 2012). \"Affirmative Action Ban in Michigan Is Rejected\". The New York Times. Retrieved April 22, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/16/education/michigans-affirmative-action-ban-is-ruled-unconstitutional.html","url_text":"\"Affirmative Action Ban in Michigan Is Rejected\""}]},{"reference":"Bensur, Gabriella (October 15, 2013). \"Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action\". Cornell University Law School. Retrieved April 28, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/cert/12-682","url_text":"\"Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action\""}]},{"reference":"Denniston, Lyle (April 22, 2014). \"Opinion analysis: Affirmative action — up to the voters\". SCOTUSblog. Retrieved April 22, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.scotusblog.com/2014/04/opinion-analysis-affirmative-action-up-to-the-voters/","url_text":"\"Opinion analysis: Affirmative action — up to the voters\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCOTUSblog","url_text":"SCOTUSblog"}]},{"reference":"Howe, Amy (April 23, 2014). \"Divided Court upholds Michigan's ban on affirmative action: In Plain English\". SCOTUSblog. Retrieved April 23, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.scotusblog.com/2014/04/divided-court-upholds-michigans-ban-on-affirmative-action-in-plain-english/","url_text":"\"Divided Court upholds Michigan's ban on affirmative action: In Plain English\""}]},{"reference":"\"Schuette v. Coal. Defend Affirmative Action, Integration & Immigration Rights, 572 U.S. ___ (2014)\". Justia Law. Retrieved June 26, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/572/12-682/concur5.html","url_text":"\"Schuette v. Coal. Defend Affirmative Action, Integration & Immigration Rights, 572 U.S. ___ (2014)\""}]},{"reference":"Mears, Bill (June 11, 2009). \"Sotomayor says she was 'perfect affirmative action baby'\". CNN. Retrieved April 22, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/06/11/sotomayor.affirmative.action/index.html","url_text":"\"Sotomayor says she was 'perfect affirmative action baby'\""}]},{"reference":"\"Schuette v. BAMN, 572 U.S. 291 (2014)\". Justia Law. Retrieved January 17, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/572/291/","url_text":"\"Schuette v. BAMN, 572 U.S. 291 (2014)\""}]}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Kurnatowski
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Zygmunt Kurnatowski
|
["1 Bibliography"]
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Polish count and nobleman
Zygmunt KurnatowskiHrabiaCoat of armsŁodziaBorn1778Pożarów, PolandDied1858 (aged 79–80)Warsaw, PolandNoble familyKurnatowskiConsortAnna Stamm
Zygmunt Aleksander Kurnatowski (1778–1858) was a Polish count and nobleman of the Łodzia coat of arms. From 1836 to 1841 he led the Kingdom of Poland as a member of the Council of State. He was a major general in the army of the Kingdom of Poland.
Kurnatowski was born into a segment of the Kurnatowski family that were devout members of the Polish Reformed Church. He was a participant of the Greater Poland Uprising of 1806, after which he joined the army of the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw. He participated in of all of its major campaigns. In 1810 he reached the rank of the colonel. Was made General from 1814 and commander of a cavalry brigade. He fought to the end of the existence of the Napoleonic Army, then returned to Poland and joined the army of the Kingdom of Poland.
From 1823 he was made commander of a brigade in the Reserve Corps. From 1828 aide-de-camp of the tsar of Russia Nicholas I of Russia, reaching the rank of a major general. He obeyed the orders of each authority even despite his own convictions. As the member of a Military Court, he opted for the condemnation of Walerian Łukasiński.
On the night of the start of November Uprising of 1830 he opposed the insurgents and resigned from active duty.
On the defeat of the rebellion he briefly re-entered Russian service, but in 1832 he was dismissed by the tsar. Buried in the Calvinist burial ground in Orzeszkowo near Poznań. He was awarded the Order of Saint Stanislaus by Alexander I of Russia.
Bibliography
H. P Kosk Generalicja polska t. 1 wyd.: Oficyna Wydawnicza "Ajaks' Pruszków 1998
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This biographical article related to the military of Poland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"count","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count"},{"link_name":"nobleman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szlachta"},{"link_name":"Łodzia coat of arms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81odzia_coat_of_arms"},{"link_name":"Kingdom of Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_Poland"},{"link_name":"Council of State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_Poland"},{"link_name":"major general","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_general"},{"link_name":"Kurnatowski","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurnatowski"},{"link_name":"Polish Reformed Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Reformed_Church"},{"link_name":"Greater Poland Uprising of 1806","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Poland_Uprising_(1806)"},{"link_name":"Duchy of Warsaw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Warsaw"},{"link_name":"Napoleonic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleonic"},{"link_name":"aide-de-camp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide-de-camp"},{"link_name":"tsar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar"},{"link_name":"Nicholas I of Russia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia"},{"link_name":"Walerian Łukasiński","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walerian_%C5%81ukasi%C5%84ski"},{"link_name":"November Uprising","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_Uprising"},{"link_name":"Poznań","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozna%C5%84"},{"link_name":"Order of Saint Stanislaus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Stanislaus"},{"link_name":"Alexander I of Russia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia"}],"text":"Zygmunt Aleksander Kurnatowski (1778–1858) was a Polish count and nobleman of the Łodzia coat of arms. From 1836 to 1841 he led the Kingdom of Poland as a member of the Council of State. He was a major general in the army of the Kingdom of Poland.Kurnatowski was born into a segment of the Kurnatowski family that were devout members of the Polish Reformed Church. He was a participant of the Greater Poland Uprising of 1806, after which he joined the army of the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw. He participated in of all of its major campaigns. In 1810 he reached the rank of the colonel. Was made General from 1814 and commander of a cavalry brigade. He fought to the end of the existence of the Napoleonic Army, then returned to Poland and joined the army of the Kingdom of Poland.From 1823 he was made commander of a brigade in the Reserve Corps. From 1828 aide-de-camp of the tsar of Russia Nicholas I of Russia, reaching the rank of a major general. He obeyed the orders of each authority even despite his own convictions. As the member of a Military Court, he opted for the condemnation of Walerian Łukasiński.On the night of the start of November Uprising of 1830 he opposed the insurgents and resigned from active duty.On the defeat of the rebellion he briefly re-entered Russian service, but in 1832 he was dismissed by the tsar. Buried in the Calvinist burial ground in Orzeszkowo near Poznań. He was awarded the Order of Saint Stanislaus by Alexander I of Russia.","title":"Zygmunt Kurnatowski"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Herb_Rzeczypospolitej_Obojga_Narodow.svg"},{"link_name":"Polish noble","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szlachta"},{"link_name":"stub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub"},{"link_name":"expanding it","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Kurnatowski&action=edit"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Poland-noble-stub"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Poland-noble-stub"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Poland-noble-stub"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Husarz.png"},{"link_name":"stub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub"},{"link_name":"expanding it","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Kurnatowski&action=edit"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Poland-mil-bio-stub"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Poland-mil-bio-stub"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Poland-mil-bio-stub"}],"text":"H. P Kosk Generalicja polska t. 1 wyd.: Oficyna Wydawnicza \"Ajaks' Pruszków 1998This biography of a Polish noble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vteThis biographical article related to the military of Poland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte","title":"Bibliography"}]
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[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Kurnatowski&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Kurnatowski&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A948_road_(Great_Britain)
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A roads in Zone 9 of the Great Britain numbering scheme
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["1 Single- and double-digit roads","2 Triple-digit roads","3 Four-digit roads","4 See also","5 References"]
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List of roads in Great Britain
The numbering zones for A-roads in Great Britain
List of A roads in zone 9 in Great Britain starting north of the A8, east of the A9 (roads beginning with 9).
Single- and double-digit roads
Road
From
To
Notes
A9
Falkirk
Scrabster
Formerly continued to John o' Groats; this became part of the A99 in 1997.
A90
Edinburgh
Fraserburgh
Via Perth and Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route. Originally had its north end in Dundee, but was extended north in the 1990s.
A91
St Andrews
Stirling
A92
Dunfermline
Blackdog interchange
Via Tay Road Bridge, Dundee, Arbroath, Stonehaven and Aberdeen. Swapped with the A914 in the 1990s. Formerly continued north to Fraserburgh; this became the A90 and A952 in the 1990s. There is a dispute about the designation for the Cowdenbeath Spur leading from the M90 (J2A) onto the A92.
A93
Perth
Aberdeen
Via Braemar. Section east of Holburn Street declassified in 2020 due to the opening of the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route; this section is now Willowbank Road, Springbank Terrace, College Street, and Guild Street.
A94
Perth
Forfar
Via Coupar Angus. Formerly continued north to Stonehaven; this became part of the A90 in the 1990s.
A95
Aviemore
Banff
A96
Aberdeen
Inverness
Originally ran along Gallowgate on the east end. This was declassified by the 1980s, and the A96 was rerouted over a portion of the A946.
A97
Banff
Dinnet
A98
Fraserburgh
Fochabers
A99
Latheron
John o' Groats
Formerly a portion of the A9 (and the A88, A882 and B875 before that) until 1997.
An older routing went from the A80 in Pirnhall to the A9 in Bannockburn. Renumbered to a portion of the A91 in the late 1980s.
Triple-digit roads
Road
From
To
Notes
A900
Edinburgh
Leith
Leith Street / Leith Walk / Constitution Street
A901
Leith
Granton
Great Junction Street / North Junction Street / Lindsay Road / Pier Place / Starbank Road / Lower Granton Road
A902
Leith
Maybury
Ferry Road / Telford Road / / Maybury Road
A903
Granton
Trinity
Granton Road
A904
South Queensferry
Falkirk
A905
Grangemouth
Stirling
A906
Ran from the A823 in Dunfermline to the A90 in Inverkeithing. The southern section was renumbered as an eastern extension of the A985 between 1948 and 1951 (based on maps) and the northern half was downgraded to the B9156 in the mid 1980s. Following construction of the M90, the A90 was downgraded and the eastern end of the ex-A906 is now part of the A921 (the A985 was cut back to the M90).
A907
Stirling
Crossgates
A908
Alloa
Tillicoultry
A909
Burntisland
Kelty
A910
Kirkcaldy
Kirkcaldy
A911
Windygates
Milnathort
A912
Perth
Muirhead
A913
Cupar
Aberargie
A914
Muirhead
Newport-on-Tay
Swapped with the A92 in the 1990s.
A915
Kirkcaldy
St Andrews
A916
Windygates
Cupar
A917
Largo
St Andrews
Coast road via Crail
A918
St Andrews
St Andrews
A919
St Michaels
Guardbridge
A920
Ellon
Dufftown
Originally allocated to a road from A90 (now A912) in Perth east and north via Marshall Place and Tay Street to A85 (now A989) & A921 (now South Street). Renumbered to a portion of the A94 in 1936 and is now part of the A989.
Later allocated to a road from Dufftown to Keith; this became the B9014 when the current A920 replaced the old B9014 from Dufftown to Huntly and other roads.
A921
Kirkcaldy
M90
Originally allocated to a road from A9 (now Caledonian Road) in Perth via York Place, County Place, and South Street to A85 & A920. Became a spur of the A85 in 1936 and is now unclassified.
Later allocated between 1947 and 1955 (based on maps) to a road from Upper Largo to north of Crail as a replacement of the A917 and B942. The A917 and B942 got their sections back while the remainder was downgraded to the B9171.
A922
Kinross
Kinross
Previously allocated to a road from South Street (then A85) in Perth north to West Bridge Street (then A94). Renumbered to a portion of the A94 in 1936, and shown as a spur of the A85 by the mid 1960s, but is now part of the A85 mainline due to creation of the A989.
A923
Dundee
Dunkeld
A924
Pitlochry
Bridge of Cally
A925
A923 in Blairgowrie
A93 in Blairgowrie
A926
Forfar
Blairgowrie
A927
Ran from A923 northwest of Dundee to downtown Alyth. The section north of the A926 became the B952 and the southern section became the B954.
A928
Kirriemuir
Todhills, A90
A929
Dundee
Dundee
Dual labelling of King Street (after North Marketgait) / Princes Street and Victoria Road (from Ladywell Roundabout) / Arthurstone Terrace, combining as Albert Street / Forfar Road to meet the A972. Formerly continued north to Forfar; this section became part of the A90 in the 1990s.
A930
Dundee
Carnoustie
A931
Ran from A92 via Dock Street to A92 (now A991) in Dundee; this became part of a rerouted A92, while the old route of the A92 is now the B959, A929, and A991.
A932
Forfar
Friockheim
The A932 joins the A90 in the west via a flat crossing. It was previously possible to join the A90 in both directions, now it is only possible to continue south.
A933
Brechin
Arbroath
Formerly continued north via what is now the A935 and B966 to Clerk Street (then part of the A94); this section was eliminated when the A94 bypass (now A90 bypass) was built.
A934
Montrose
Glasterlaw
A935
Brechin
Montrose
A936
Ran from Southesk Street (then part of the A933) in Brechin via Panmure Street to Clerk Street (then part of the A94). Became part of the A935 when the A94 (now A90) bypass was built.
A937
Laurencekirk
Montrose
A938
Carrbridge
Dulnain Bridge
A939
Nairn
Ballater
A940
Forres
Dava
A941
Lossiemouth
Rhynie
A942
Cullen
Buckie
A943
Ran from Banchory to Bridge of Dee. Downgraded to the B9077 and B974, probably due to rerouting of the A957 across Durris Bridge.
A944
Aberdeen
Corgarff
A945
Ran from the A9013 in Bridge of Dee (now unclassified Holburn Street) via Riverside Drive to the A956 in Aberdeen. Declassified in 2020 due to the opening of the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route.
A946
Ran from A96 (now George Street) in Aberdeen to Aberdeen Docks. Became a portion of a rerouted A96 in 1982 after two shopping malls were built over its southern end; the section up to King Street is still part of the A96, the section from King Street to Hanover Street is now the A956 and the remainder unclassified.
A947
Aberdeen
Banff
A948
Ellon
New Deer
Formerly continued to Turriff via what is now the B9170.
A949
Dornoch
Bonar Bridge
Previously allocated to a road from Peterhead to Toll of Birness. Became a portion of an extended A952 in 1935 and is now part of the A90 and A982.
A950
Peterhead
A98 at New Pitsligo
A951
First used from the A950 via King Street to Queen Street (then the A952) in Peterhead; became a spur of the A952 in 1935 and is now part of the A982.
Next used from A9 (now B9152) south of Aviemore to Coylumbridge, formerly a spur of the B970. Returned to the B970 around 1980 after the A9 Aviemore bypass opened.
A952
Toll of Birness
Cortes
Originally went through Peterhead instead of Mintlaw; this became part of an extended A90 in the 1990s, and the number was reused on the section of the A92 that did not become part of the A90.
A953
A97, Castle Street, Banff
Harbour Place, Banff
Quayside. 300yds long.
A954
Ran as a loop off the A914 (now B946) via High Road in Newport-on-Tay; this became part of the B946 when the Tay road bridge was built, causing the A92 to be extended and the A914 (which later was swapped with the A92) to be rerouted to bypass Newport-on-Tay. A 1966 map lists the route as part of the A914 (a typo).
A955
Kirkcaldy
Leven
A956
Bridge of Don, Aberdeen
A90 at Cleanhill (near Maryculter)
Includes King Street, Market Street and Wellington Road in Aberdeen; extended from Charlestown to Cleanhill in 2018 as part of AWPR
A957
Stonehaven
Crathes
Known as the Slug Road; formerly the B978 before it was upgraded.
A958
Ran from Muirdrum to Forfar; formerly the B963. Downgraded to the B9128 in the 1970s; the northernmost section is now part of the A932 Forfar relief road.
A959
Ran from Anstruther to Brownhills; formerly the B944. Downgraded to the B9131 in the 1970s.
A960
Kirkwall
Deerness
A961
Kirkwall
Burwick
A962
Broad Street, Kirkwall
Junction Road, Kirkwall
Great Britain's shortest "A road".
A963
Kirkwall
Junction with A961
A964
Kirkwall
Junction with A965
A965
Kirkwall
Stromness
A966
Finstown
Birsay
A967
Stromness
Birsay
A968
Voe
Haroldswick
Includes two ferry crossings. Previously allocated to a road from Lerwick to Sumburgh; this became part of the A970 when the current route was created.
A969
Lerwick
Lerwick
Formerly continued west to Scalloway via what is now a spur of the A970.
A970
Sumburgh
North Roe
Spurs to Scalloway and Hillswick
A971
Tingwall
Sandness
Spur to Walls
A972
Dundee
Dundee
Formerly continued west to the A90 (now A85); this section became part of the A90 in the 1990s, while the old route of the A90 in Dundee became an extension of the A85.
A973
Ran from Crathie to Potarch. Due to two Class I routes running parallel (the A973 paralleled the A93), it was downgraded before 1974 with much of the route becoming an extension of the B976 and the remainder a detached section of the B993.
A974
Ran from Ordie to Westhill, formerly the B974. Downgraded to the B9119 in the 1970s; the easternmost section is now part of the A944.
A975
A90 (Rashierieve nr Newburgh)
Longhaven (A90)
Aberdeen–Peterhead coastal route
A976
Ran from A907 to A823 in Dunfermline via Baldridgeburn, Mill Street, and Foundry Street; the Baldridgeburn section was downgraded to the B9155 and the rest declassified after 1973.
A977
Kincardine Bridge
Kinross
A978
Ran from the A956 in Old Aberdeen via St. Machar Drive, Hilton Street, Westburn Drive, Argyll Place, Westfield Road, Craigie Loanings, Albert Street, Waverley Place, Victoria Street, Alford Place, and Ubion Street to the A9013 (now Holburn Street) in Holburn Junction. In 2020, the section along St. Machar Drive was redesignated as the B991 and the remainder was declassified due to the opening of the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route.
A979
Ran from Oyne to Gartly. Downgraded in the 1970s (but before 1974) to the B9002.
A980
Alford, Aberdeenshire
Banchory
A981
New Deer
Fraserburgh
Formerly continued to Inverurie via what is now the B9170.
A982
Peterhead, South A90 Junction
Peterhead, North Road (A90)
Former alignment of A90. Previously allocated to Telford Road from A90 to Ferry Road (then part of the A902) in Edinburgh; this became part of a rerouted A902, while the old route of A902 became the B9085.
A983
Ran from Falkland to southeast of Newburgh; originally the B936. Downgraded back to the B936 after 1974, possibly due to the opening of the M90.
A984
Coupar Angus
Dunkeld
A985
Kincardine
Inverkeithing
Now incorporates the Kincardine Bridge.
A986
Finstown
Twatt
A987
Ran from Kirkcaldy to west of Aberdour; formerly the B924. Downgraded to the B9157 in the late 1980s due to the opening of the new A92. Previously allocated to another road, probably in Perth, but it is unknown where that road was.
A988
Ran from A910 to A921 north of Kirkcaldy; formerly the B926. Downgraded to the B981 in the late 1980s due to the opening of the new A92. Previously allocated to another road, probably in Perth, but it is unknown where that road was.
A989
Perth
Perth
Perth Inner Ring Road, former sections of the A9, A85, A90, A94 and A920.
A990
Broadley
Buckie
A991
Dundee
Dundee
Dundee Inner Ring Road
A992
Unused
A993
Bo'ness
Muirhouses
A994
Dunfermline
Cairneyhill, at Cairneyhill Roundabout
A995 - A996
Unused
A997
Ran from A9 to A91 north of Stirling Declassified in the early 1970s, but was upgraded to Class II status as the B998.
A998 - A999
Unused
Four-digit roads
Road
From
To
Notes
A9000
South Queensferry
North Queensferry
New road created on 30 August 2017 as a renumbering of the A90 over the Forth Road Bridge as the Queensferry Crossing opened. A short section of original dual carriageway which carried the A90 from the current M90 southern extension can be seen between the eastern carriageway of the A9000 and the southbound slip onto the M90.
A9011
Ran from A92 via Ashgrove Road West to A978 (now unclassified Westburn Drive) in Stockethill. Declassified in 2020 due to the opening of the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route.
A9012
Ran from A92 in Ashgrove via Rosehill Drive to A978 (now unclassified Hilton Street and Westburn Drive) in Northfield. Declassified in 2020 due to the opening of the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route.
A9013
Ran from the A92 in Bridge of Dee via Holburn Street, Union Street, and King Street in Aberdeen to the A956. Declassified in 2020 due to the opening of the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route.
A9103
Possible typo for the A9013.
A9119
Kingswells
Aberdeen
Renumbering of a portion of the B9119 in 2020 due to the opening of the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route.
See also
B roads in Zone 9 of the Great Britain numbering scheme
List of motorways in the United Kingdom
Transport in Aberdeen § Roads
Transport in Edinburgh § Road network
Transport in Scotland § Road
References
^ a b Giles, Graeme (18 January 1994). "End of the road for the M85 motorway". Perthshire Advertiser. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
^ Brown, Graham. "A90 camera offences slump during pandemic but drivers still hitting 130-plus in speeding league of shame". The Courier. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
vteRoads in the United KingdomArticles
Road numbering schemes: Great Britain
Motoring taxation
Driving
Odonymy
Road signs
Wales
Gaelic-speaking Scotland
ZonesA-road lists
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Northern Ireland
B-road lists
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Northern Ireland
Other lists
Anomalously numbered roads
Junctions
Motorways
Primary destinations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Rosarian
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Royal Rosarian
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["1 Description and history","2 See also","3 References"]
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Coordinates: 45°31′06″N 122°42′20″W / 45.51837°N 122.70552°W / 45.51837; -122.70552Statue in Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Royal RosarianThe statue in 2011ArtistBill BaneYear2011 (2011)TypeSculptureMediumBronzeSubjectRoyal RosarianDimensions1.9 m × 0.66 m × 0.51 m (6.2 ft × 2.2 ft × 1.7 ft)LocationPortland, Oregon, United StatesCoordinates45°31′06″N 122°42′20″W / 45.51837°N 122.70552°W / 45.51837; -122.70552OwnerCity of Portland
Royal Rosarian is an outdoor 2011 bronze sculpture by American artist Bill Bane, located at the International Rose Test Garden, Washington Park in Portland, Oregon, United States.
Description and history
Royal Rosarian, designed by Oregon artist Bill Bane, was installed in Washington Park in 2011, becoming the park's third bronze sculpture. Depicting a Royal Rosarian tipping his hat, the sculpture measures 76 inches (1.9 m) x 26 inches (0.66 m) x 20 inches (0.51 m). It cost $41,000 and was commissioned by the Rosarians and the Royal Rosarian Foundation to commemorate the civic group's 100th anniversary. A dedication ceremony was held in October 2011, beginning a series of celebrations associated with the organization's centennial. The statue was presented to City Commissioner Nick Fish as a gift to Portland from the Royal Rosarians. It is owned by the City of Portland.
See also
Oregon portalVisual arts portal
2011 in art
References
^ a b c Hottle, Molly (October 9, 2011). "Royal Rosarians unveil bronze statue to mark upcoming centennial year". The Oregonian. Advance Publications. Archived from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
^ a b "Public Art Search: Royal Rosarian". Regional Arts & Culture Council. Archived from the original on October 19, 2014. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
^ Cook, Sybilla Avery (April 2, 2013). Walking Portland, Oregon (2 ed.). Globe Pequot. p. 106. ISBN 9780762778065. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
^ "Royal Rosarian". Public Art Archive. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
vtePublic art in Portland, OregonSculptures
118 Modules
Ainu and Native American power boards
Allow Me
Alluvial Wall
Along These Lines
Artwall
Ascension
Awning
Bell Circles II
Broken Wall Memorial
Brushstrokes
Burls Will Be Burls
The Burnside Nest
Bust of York†
Cairns
Capitalism
Cat in Repose
Chinatown Gateway
City Reflections
Constellation
Continuation
Contact II
Da Tung and Xi'an Bao Bao
Daddy Long Legs
Dog Bowl
Driver's Seat
Echo Gate
Electronic Poet
Facing the Crowd
Farewell to Orpheus
Festival Lanterns
Floribunda
Folly Bollards
Fountain to a Rose†
Friendship Circle
From Within Shalom
Garden Wreath
Ghost Ship
The Green Man of Portland
Heart Beacon
Holon
Host Analog
Howard's Way
Ideals
In the Shadow of the Elm
Interlocking Forms
Inversion: Plus Minus
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial
Kerf
Korean Temple Bell
Kvinneakt
Leland I
Lewis and Clark Memorial Column
Liberty Bell
Little Prince
Mago Hermano (Brother Wizard or Magician)
Memory 99
Mimir
Nash
Nepenthes
Nightmare Elk†
O Cruceiro
Oregon Landscape
Oregon Holocaust Memorial
Oregon Irish Famine Memorial
Passage
Peace Chant
People's Bike Library of Portland
Perpetuity
Pod
Portland Immigrant Statue
Portlandia
The Promised Land†
The Quest
The Responsibility of Raising a Child
Ring of Time
The Rippling Wall
River Legend
Royal Rosarian
Running Horses
Salmon Cycle Marker
The Scout
Sculpture Stage
Silicon Forest
Silver Dawn
Soaring Stones
Solar Wreath
Spanish–American War Soldier's Monument
Spanish–American War Veterans Memorial†
Stack Stalk
Stratum
Streetcar Stop for Portland
Talos No. 2
Tecotosh
Terra Incognita
Theodore Roosevelt Memorial†
This All Happened More or Less
Thor
Three Figures
Tikitotmoniki Totems
Transcendence
Tree of Life
Triad
Trio
Trigger 4
Unfolding Rhythms
Untitled
Killmaster
Morrison
West
Upstream Downtown
Urban Hydrology
Uroboros
Velosaurus
Ventana al Pacifico
Victory Bell
Voices of Remembrance
Water, Please
We Have Always Lived Here
Weather Machine
Whistlestop for an Organ Teacher
Wind Gate
Winter Rider No. 2
Yankee Champion
You Are Here
Fountains
Animals in Pools
Charles Frederic Swigert Jr. Memorial Fountain
Chiming Fountain
The Dreamer
Essential Forces
Fountain for Company H
Frank E. Beach Memorial Fountain
Horse Trough Fountain
Keller Fountain
Lovejoy Fountain
Loyal B. Stearns Memorial Fountain
Memorial Fountain
Pioneer Woman
Salmon Street Springs
Shemanski Fountain
Skidmore Fountain
Thompson Elk Fountain†
Portraitstatues
Paul Bunyan
Captain William Clark Monument
Coming of the White Man
The Dream
Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Jefferson
Joan of Arc
Vera Katz
Abraham Lincoln†
Oddo Memorial
Sacajawea and Jean-Baptiste
Harvey W. Scott†
Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider†
George Washington†
York: Terra Incognita
Murals
Black Lives Matter street mural†
Capax Infiniti
Conduit
The Continuity of Life Forms
George Floyd mural†
The Knowledge
Lovejoy Columns
Never Look Away
Oregon History
Packy mural†
Portland Memorial Mausoleum Mural
Tri It
We Stand with You
Women Making History in Portland
Woodstock Mural
Related
A Donkey, 3 Rocks, and a Bird.
Art collection of Oregon Health & Science University
Benson Bubbler
Black Lives Matter art
Elkhorn
Graffiti in Portland, Oregon
Horse rings
Martini glass sign
Key: † No longer extant or on public display
vteWashington Park
Barbara Walker Crossing
Chiming Fountain
Coming of the White Man
Hoyt Arboretum
International Rose Test Garden
Frank E. Beach Memorial Fountain
Royal Rosarian
Lewis and Clark Memorial Column
Loyal B. Stearns Memorial Fountain
Oregon Holocaust Memorial
Oregon Vietnam Veterans Memorial
Oregon Zoo
Peacock in the Park
Perpetuity
Portland Children's Museum
Portland Japanese Garden
Sacajawea and Jean-Baptiste
Washington Park and Zoo Railway
Washington Park station
World Forestry Center
Category
Commons
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"International Rose Test Garden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Rose_Test_Garden"},{"link_name":"Washington Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Park_(Portland,_Oregon)"},{"link_name":"Portland, Oregon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon"}],"text":"Statue in Portland, Oregon, U.S.Royal Rosarian is an outdoor 2011 bronze sculpture by American artist Bill Bane, located at the International Rose Test Garden, Washington Park in Portland, Oregon, United States.","title":"Royal Rosarian"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bill Bane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Bane&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hottle-1"},{"link_name":"Royal Rosarian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Rosarians"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RACC-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cook-3"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RACC-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hottle-1"},{"link_name":"City Commissioner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Portland,_Oregon"},{"link_name":"Nick Fish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Fish"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hottle-1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PAA-4"}],"text":"Royal Rosarian, designed by Oregon artist Bill Bane, was installed in Washington Park in 2011, becoming the park's third bronze sculpture.[1] Depicting a Royal Rosarian tipping his hat, the sculpture measures 76 inches (1.9 m) x 26 inches (0.66 m) x 20 inches (0.51 m).[2][3] It cost $41,000 and was commissioned by the Rosarians and the Royal Rosarian Foundation to commemorate the civic group's 100th anniversary.[2] A dedication ceremony was held in October 2011, beginning a series of celebrations associated with the organization's centennial.[1] The statue was presented to City Commissioner Nick Fish as a gift to Portland from the Royal Rosarians.[1] It is owned by the City of Portland.[4]","title":"Description and history"}]
|
[]
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[{"title":"Oregon portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Oregon"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WPVA-khamsa.svg"},{"title":"Visual arts portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts"},{"title":"2011 in art","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_in_art"}]
|
[{"reference":"Hottle, Molly (October 9, 2011). \"Royal Rosarians unveil bronze statue to mark upcoming centennial year\". The Oregonian. Advance Publications. Archived from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved October 9, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2011/10/royal_rosarians_unveil_bronze.html","url_text":"\"Royal Rosarians unveil bronze statue to mark upcoming centennial year\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Oregonian","url_text":"The Oregonian"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance_Publications","url_text":"Advance Publications"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180105233713/http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2011/10/royal_rosarians_unveil_bronze.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Public Art Search: Royal Rosarian\". Regional Arts & Culture Council. Archived from the original on October 19, 2014. Retrieved October 9, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://racc.org/public-art/search/?recid=3097.36","url_text":"\"Public Art Search: Royal Rosarian\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Arts_%26_Culture_Council","url_text":"Regional Arts & Culture Council"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141019101819/http://racc.org/public-art/search/?recid=3097.36","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Cook, Sybilla Avery (April 2, 2013). Walking Portland, Oregon (2 ed.). Globe Pequot. p. 106. ISBN 9780762778065. Retrieved October 9, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=tHn4xVrQMfUC&pg=PA106","url_text":"Walking Portland, Oregon"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780762778065","url_text":"9780762778065"}]},{"reference":"\"Royal Rosarian\". Public Art Archive. Retrieved October 10, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.publicartarchive.org/art/Royal-Rosarian","url_text":"\"Royal Rosarian\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester_S._Levy_Collection_of_Sheet_Music
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Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music
|
["1 References","2 External links"]
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This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: "Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
The Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music consists of over 29,000 pieces of American popular music spanning the years of 1780 to 1980 and is maintained by Johns Hopkins University as part of Special Collections at the Milton S. Eisenhower Library. The collection was sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities.
References
^ "Levy Sheet Music Collection". Jscholarship.library.jhu.edu. Retrieved 2013-06-25.
^ "History of the Collection". Archived from the original on April 10, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
^ "NEH Grant details: Preservation of and Automated Access to the Lester S. Levy Sheet Music Collection". Securegrants.neh.gov. Retrieved 2013-06-25.
External links
Lester S. Levy Collection of Sheet Music
Authority control databases
RISM
This article about a music organization is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Levy Sheet Music Collection\". Jscholarship.library.jhu.edu. Retrieved 2013-06-25.","urls":[{"url":"https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/2085","url_text":"\"Levy Sheet Music Collection\""}]},{"reference":"\"History of the Collection\". Archived from the original on April 10, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130410083637/http://levysheetmusic.mse.jhu.edu/levy-about.html","url_text":"\"History of the Collection\""},{"url":"http://levysheetmusic.mse.jhu.edu/levy-about.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"NEH Grant details: Preservation of and Automated Access to the Lester S. Levy Sheet Music Collection\". Securegrants.neh.gov. Retrieved 2013-06-25.","urls":[{"url":"https://securegrants.neh.gov/publicquery/main.aspx?g=1&gn=PS-20945-95","url_text":"\"NEH Grant details: Preservation of and Automated Access to the Lester S. Levy Sheet Music Collection\""}]}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_Rababi
|
Elias Rababi
|
["1 Biography","2 References"]
|
Lebanese politician and journalist (1913–1999)
Elias RababiAmbassador of Lebanon to ArgentinaIn office1962 – February 1966Ambassador of Lebanon to GermanyIn office9 October 1959 – 1 October 1962Preceded byGeorges HakimSucceeded byNaim Amyouni
Personal detailsBorn1913Died1999 (aged 85–86)NationalityLebanesePolitical partyKataeb Party
Elias Rababi (1913–1999) was a Lebanese journalist and politician who served as the general secretary of the Kataeb Party. He was also Lebanese ambassador to Germany and Argentina. His other significant post was the editor-in-chief of the Kataeb Party's newspaper, Al Amal.
Biography
Born in 1913 Rababi was a Maronite and a member of the Kataeb Party. Following the establishment of the party in 1936 he was appointed its regional director and actively involved in the recruitment activities. He was the candidate of the party in the by-election on 4 May 1945 in Mount Lebanon. However, not Rababi but Philippe Takla won the seat. The party's newspapers, Al Amal and Action, were also edited by him for a long time, and Rababi headed the propaganda and press department of the party. He also was a columnist for the An-Nahar newspaper in the 1980s.
Rababi was one of the persons who developed early connections between the Israeli officials and the Kataeb Party in the period 1948–1951. In the 1950 meeting they discussed the financial assistance of Israel to the party concerning the preparations for the next general elections. Rababi also organized a meeting between Pierre Gemayel, Kataeb leader, and Yehoshua Palmon, an Israeli diplomat, in Switzerland in 1950. These contacts were first uncovered by an Israeli journalist and historian, Benny Morris, who wrote for The Jerusalem Post in 1983.
Rababi was the ambassador of Lebanon to Germany between 9 October 1959 and 1 October 1962. Then he served as the ambassador of Lebanon to Argentina until February 1966.
Rababi died in December 1999.
References
^ a b c Eyal Zisser (October 1995). "The Maronites, Lebanon and the State of Israel: Early Contacts". Middle Eastern Studies. 31 (4): 911. JSTOR 4283765.
^ Dylan Baun (2017). "Lebanon's Youth Clubs and the 1936 Summer Olympics: Mobilizing Sports, Challenging Imperialism and Launching a National Project". International Journal of the History of Sport. 34 (13): 1357. doi:10.1080/09523367.2017.1388230. S2CID 149273637.
^ a b John P. Entelis (October 1973). "Party Transformation in Lebanon: Al-Kata'ib as a Case Study". Middle Eastern Studies. 9 (3): 329. JSTOR 4282494.
^ Carl C. Yonker (2021). The Rise and Fall of Greater Syria: A Political History of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter. p. 102. ISBN 978-3-11-072914-6.
^ Richard Hans Laursen (1951). The Katàib: A Comprehensive Study of a Lebanese Political Party (MA thesis). American University of Beirut. p. 66. ProQuest 2320987156.
^ John Kifner (18 September 1984). "Lebanese leaders meet on disputes". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
^ a b Avi Shlaim (2015). "Israeli Interference in Internal Arab Politics: the Case of Lebanon". In Giacomo Luciani; Ghassan Salamé (eds.). The Politics of Arab Integration (2nd ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. 236–237. ISBN 978-1-317-41119-2.
^ Kirsten E. Schulze (2016). Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-230-37247-4.
^ David K. Shipler (3 July 1983). "'48 Israeli Tie to Phalangists Revealed". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
^ "Lebanese Ambassadors who served in Germany". Lebanese Embassy in Berlin. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021.
^ "Remaniement Ministériel et Mouvement Diplomatique au Liban". Le Monde (in French). Beirut. Reuters; A.F.P. 2 February 1966. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
^ Elie Meouchi (19 September 2019). "لنتذكّر عميد الكتائب الياس ربابي…آخر العمالقة في الخطابة والصحافة والأدب". Aleph Lam (in Arabic). Retrieved 25 January 2022.
|
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|
[]
| null |
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ISBN 978-3-11-072914-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=gBcmEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT102","url_text":"The Rise and Fall of Greater Syria: A Political History of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Gruyter","url_text":"De Gruyter"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-072914-6","url_text":"978-3-11-072914-6"}]},{"reference":"Richard Hans Laursen (1951). The Katàib: A Comprehensive Study of a Lebanese Political Party (MA thesis). American University of Beirut. p. 66. ProQuest 2320987156.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.proquest.com/docview/2320987156","url_text":"The Katàib: A Comprehensive Study of a Lebanese Political Party"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_University_of_Beirut","url_text":"American University of Beirut"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)","url_text":"ProQuest"},{"url":"https://search.proquest.com/docview/2320987156","url_text":"2320987156"}]},{"reference":"John Kifner (18 September 1984). \"Lebanese leaders meet on disputes\". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 May 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kifner","url_text":"John Kifner"},{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/18/world/lebanese-leaders-meet-on-disputes.html","url_text":"\"Lebanese leaders meet on disputes\""}]},{"reference":"Avi Shlaim (2015). \"Israeli Interference in Internal Arab Politics: the Case of Lebanon\". In Giacomo Luciani; Ghassan Salamé (eds.). The Politics of Arab Integration (2nd ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. 236–237. ISBN 978-1-317-41119-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=ae0sCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA232","url_text":"\"Israeli Interference in Internal Arab Politics: the Case of Lebanon\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-41119-2","url_text":"978-1-317-41119-2"}]},{"reference":"Kirsten E. Schulze (2016). Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-230-37247-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=PolPDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62","url_text":"Israel's Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan","url_text":"Palgrave Macmillan"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-37247-4","url_text":"978-0-230-37247-4"}]},{"reference":"David K. Shipler (3 July 1983). \"'48 Israeli Tie to Phalangists Revealed\". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/03/world/48-israeli-tie-to-phalangists-revealed.html","url_text":"\"'48 Israeli Tie to Phalangists Revealed\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times","url_text":"The New York Times"}]},{"reference":"\"Lebanese Ambassadors who served in Germany\". Lebanese Embassy in Berlin. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211228234417/http://www.libanesische-botschaft.de/index.php/en/the-embassy/lebanese-ambassadors-who-served-in-germany","url_text":"\"Lebanese Ambassadors who served in Germany\""},{"url":"http://www.libanesische-botschaft.de/index.php/en/the-embassy/lebanese-ambassadors-who-served-in-germany","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Remaniement Ministériel et Mouvement Diplomatique au Liban\". Le Monde (in French). Beirut. Reuters; A.F.P. 2 February 1966. Retrieved 25 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1966/02/02/remaniement-ministeriel-et-mouvement-diplomatique-au-liban_2705060_1819218.html","url_text":"\"Remaniement Ministériel et Mouvement Diplomatique au Liban\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Monde","url_text":"Le Monde"}]},{"reference":"Elie Meouchi (19 September 2019). \"لنتذكّر عميد الكتائب الياس ربابي…آخر العمالقة في الخطابة والصحافة والأدب\". Aleph Lam (in Arabic). Retrieved 25 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://aleph-lam.com/2019/09/19/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B0%D9%83%D9%91%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1/","url_text":"\"لنتذكّر عميد الكتائب الياس ربابي…آخر العمالقة في الخطابة والصحافة والأدب\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carsten_Schneider
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Carsten Schneider
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["1 Early life","2 Political career","3 Other activities","3.1 Corporate boards","3.2 Non-profit organizations","4 Political positions","4.1 Eurozone crisis management","4.2 Banking sector","5 Personal life","6 References"]
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German politician
Carsten SchneiderMdBCarsten Schneider (2021)Minister of State for East Germany and Equivalent Living ConditionsIncumbentAssumed office 8 December 2021ChancellorOlaf ScholzPreceded byMarco Wanderwitz (as Parliamentary State Secretary for the New States)Chief Whip of the SPD Group in the BundestagIn office24 October 2017 – 8 December 2021LeaderRolf MützenichPreceded byChristine LambrechtSucceeded byKatja MastMember of the Bundestag for ThuringiaIncumbentAssumed office 26 October 1998Preceded byNorbert OttoConstituencyErfurt (1998–2005)Erfurt – Weimar – Weimarer Land II (2005–2009)Social Democratic List (2009–present)
Personal detailsBorn (1976-01-23) 23 January 1976 (age 48)Erfurt, East GermanyPolitical partySPD
Carsten Schneider (born 23 January 1976) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the German Parliament since 1998. Since 2021, he has also been serving as Parliamentary State Secretary for East Germany and Equivalent Living Conditions in Chancellor Olaf Scholz's cabinet.
From 2017 until 2021, Schneider was the First Secretary of his party's parliamentary group, in this position assisting the group's successive chairs Andrea Nahles (2017–2019) and Rolf Mützenich (2019–2021).
Early life
After graduating from Wilhelm-Häßler-Gymnasium in Erfurt, Thuringia he accepted a position at an Erfurt savings bank after completing his alternative civilian service in 1998.
Schneider has been married since 2003 and has two daughters.
Political career
Schneider joined the SPD willingly in 1995. He became active in Young Socialists in the SPD and eventually was elected chairman of the Thuringian chapter. Until 2017, he also belonged to the leadership of the SPD in Thuringia.
In the 1998 federal elections, at age 22, Schneider became the then-youngest representative in the German Parliament, representing Erfurt from 1998 to 2005 and the successor constituency of Erfurt – Weimar – Weimarer Land II since 2005. He was a member of the Budget Committee, where he served as his parliamentary group's rapporteur on the budgets of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Office of the Federal President. He is also a member of the Thuringian SPD parliamentary caucus, of which he became speaker in 2005.
In 2012, Schneider was selected as one of three speakers of the Seeheim Circle.
In the negotiations to form a Grand Coalition of the Christian Democrats (CDU together with the Bavarian CSU) and the Social Democrats (SPD) following the 2013 federal elections, Schneider was part of the SPD delegation in the working group on financial policies and the national budget, led by Wolfgang Schäuble and Olaf Scholz. He had previously publicly expressed his doubts about the Social Democrats joining a coalition government with the CDU/CSU, having preferred a coalition with the center-left Alliance '90/The Greens.
Following the formation of the third cabinet of Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel, Schneider served as deputy chairman of the SPD parliamentary group under the leadership of Thomas Oppermann. He was also the chairman of the so-called Confidential Committee (Vertrauensgremium) of the Budget Committee, which provides budgetary supervision for Germany's three intelligence services, BND, BfV and MAD.
In addition, Schneider has been a delegate to the Conference established under Article 13 of the European Fiscal Compact since 2014; this body assembles members of the relevant committees of the European Parliament and national parliaments to discuss economic and fiscal policy and other matters concerning stability, coordination and governance in the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union.
Following the 2017 election, Schneider succeeded Christine Lambrecht as First Secretary of the SPD parliamentary group, in this position assisting the group's chairwoman Andrea Nahles. In this capacity, he was also a member of the parliament's Council of Elders, which – among other duties – determines daily legislative agenda items and assigns committee chairpersons based on party representation.
Ahead of the 2021 elections, Schneider was elected to lead the SPD campaign in Thuringia for the fourth consecutive time. In the negotiations to form a so-called traffic light coalition of the SPD, the Green Party and the FDP following the elections, he led his party's delegation in the working group on economic policy; his co-chairs from the other parties were Cem Özdemir and Michael Theurer.
Other activities
In addition to his political work, Schneider holds a number of paid and unpaid positions.
Corporate boards
Germany Trade and Invest (GTAI), Ex-Officio Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2022)
KfW, Member of the Board of Supervisory Directors (since 2010)
Association of Sparda Banks, Member of the Advisory Board
CNC Communications & Network Consulting, Member of the Board of Experts (since 2009)
Stadtwerke Erfurt, Member of the Supervisory Board (2002-2006)
Non-profit organizations
Federal Foundation for the Reappraisal of the SED Dictatorship, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2022)
Fraunhofer Society, Member of the Senate
Friends of the Bauhaus Museum, Member of the Board of Trustees
Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin), Alternate Member of the Administrative Council
German-Brazilian Society (DBG), Member of the Board of Trustees (2013-2014)
Since 2001, Schneider has acted as chairman for “Erfurt Runs” (Erfurt rennt) a relay race around the Erfurt Cathedral to support tolerance and inclusion. He is also a member of the board of trustees for the Bonn-based Community-Mindedness Campaign.
Political positions
Eurozone crisis management
Schneider has been critical of Chancellor Angela Merkel and her policy of bailouts for Greece and Cyprus. In August 2011, he publicly criticized Labor Minister Ursula von der Leyen for demanding collateral from euro-area members needing financial aid.
Schneider also criticized a possible bailout that would not punish foreign tax evaders storing their money in Cypriot banks. In April 2013, he helped build support among the SPD parliamentary group for the incumbent center-right government's move to contribute to a 10 billion euros international bailout of Cyprus that included losses for uninsured depositors in two of the island's banks.
In 2011, Schneider and his counterpart Norbert Barthle from the Conservative CDU urged Portugal to consider selling some of its gold reserves to ease debt woes and therefore reduce the cost to German taxpayers of bailing it out.
Banking sector
In an opinion piece for the Financial Times, he expressed doubt in Merkel and the CDU/CSU coalition's plan to begin to recapitalize banks involved in European sovereign-debt crisis, saying:
"A supervisory institution without the authority to wind up failing banks is, in effect, a guarantee of survival for big banks. The ESM would strengthen their capacity to blackmail the public."
In 2011, Schneider advocated a salary cap of 500,000 euros ($692,400) and a higher tax on bonus payments for bankers whose companies may need government help.
On the European Commission’s 2014 proposal for a structural reform of the EU banking sector, Schneider criticized the measures as insufficient and held that "separating certain risky business, such as credit to hedge funds, from banks' core business is a central lesson from the financial crisis".
Personal life
Schneider has been married since 2004. The couple has two children.
References
^ a b "Deutscher Bundestag: Schneider, Carsten". Bundestag.de. 16 February 2007. Archived from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
^ "Official Biography, Carsten Schneider". Deutscher Bundestag. Archived from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
^ Schneider, Carsten. (PDF). Retrieved 24 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
^ Schumacher, Claudia (13 September 2009). "Carsten Schneider: Der Aufstiegsaspirant". Handelsblatt. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
^ Martin Debes (27 October 2017), Schneider zieht sich aus SPD-Scheide zurück Thüringer Allgemeine.
^ Schneider, Christian (2 June 2012). "Der Dauerleister". Die Tageszeitung. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
^ Roger Cohen (25 October 1998), Germany's New Face: Age 22, at Threshold of Change The New York Times.
^ Medick, Veit (26 June 2012). ""Seeheimer Kreis": Finanzexperte Schneider soll neuer Sprecher der SPD-Rechten werden". SPIEGEL ONLINE. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
^ Andrea Thomas (24 September 2013), Social Democrats Resist Joining Merkel in New Government The Wall Street Journal.
^ Hans Monath und Stephan Haselberger (26 September 2017), Nahles einstimmig für Fraktionsvorsitz nominiert Tagesspiegel
^ Süddeutsche Zeitung, June 6, 2021.
^ Andreas Apetz and Thomas Kaspar (October 22, 2021), Ampel-Koalition: Alle Verantwortlichen, AGs und Themen im Überblick Frankfurter Rundschau.
^ Supervisory Board Germany Trade and Invest (GTAI).
^ 2009 Annual Report KfW.
^ Foundation Bodies Federal Foundation for the Reappraisal of the SED Dictatorship.
^ Members of the Senate Fraunhofer Society.
^ "Erfurt-Rennt". Erfurtrennt.de. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
^ http://www.gemeinsinn.de/42.html Archived 17 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine)
^ Niklas Magnusson (23 August 2011), SPD Criticizes Von Der Leyen for Euro Bailout Demand, Welt Says Bloomberg News.
^ Höck, Carl-Friedrich (22 March 2013). "SPD-Haushaltsexperte Carsten Schneider im Interview: "Zyperns Regierung hat den Ernst der Lage nicht erkannt"". Vorwärts. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
^ Peter Ehrlich (16 April 2013), Germany set to approve Cyprus aid Financial Times.
^ Rhiannon Hoyle (1 July 2011), Greece Central Bank Boosts Its Gold Holdings The Wall Street Journal.
^ David Cottle (5 May 2011), Should the Golden Goose Be Plucked? The Wall Street Journal.
^ Schneider, Carsten (17 June 2013). "Europe Remains Open to Bankers' Blackmail". FT.com. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
^ Richard Weiss (15 October 2011), German Politicians Demand Salary Caps for Bankers, Bild Says Bloomberg News.
^ Matthias Sobolewski (9 September 2014), Germany says won't delay plans to isolate risky bank business Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
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GRÜNEvteGRUENESpeaker: Rezzo Schlauch and Kerstin Müller
Members:
Altmann
Beck
Beck
Beer
Berninger
Bettin
Buntenbach
Deligöz
Dietert-Scheuer
Dückert
Eichstädt-Bohlig
Eid
Fell
Fischer
Fischer
Göring-Eckardt
Grießhaber
Häfner
Hermann
Hermenau
Heyne
Höfken
Hustedt
Knoche
Köster-Loßack
Lemke
Lippelt
Loske
Metzger
Müller
Müller
Nachtwei
Nickels
Özdemir
Probst
Roth
Scheel
Schewe-Gerigk
Schlauch
Schmidt
Schulz
Simmert
Sterzing
Ströbele
Trittin
Vollmer
Volmer
Voß
Wilhelm
Wolf
FDPvteFDPSpeaker: Wolfgang Gerhardt
Members:
Albowitz
Braun
Brüderle
Burgbacher
Essen
Flach
Frick
Friedhoff
Friedrich
Funke
Gerhardt
Goldmann
Günther
Guttmacher
Haupt
Haussmann
Heinrich
Hirche
Homburger
Hoyer
Irmer
Kinkel
Kolb
Kopp
Koppelin
Lenke
Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger
Möllemann
Niebel
Nolting
Otto
Parr
Pieper
Rexrodt
Schmidt-Jortzig
Schüßler
Schwaetzer
Sehn
Serowiecki
Solms
Stadler
Thiele
Thomae
Türk
Westerwelle
PDSvtePDSSpeaker: Gregor Gysi; since 2. October 2000 Roland Claus
Members:
Balt
Bartsch
Bierstedt
Bläss
Böttcher
Bulling-Schröter
Claus
Ehlert
Fink
Fuchs
Gebhardt
Gehrcke
Grehn
Grygier
Gysi
Höll
Hübner
Jelpke
Jünger
Jüttemann
Kenzler
Knake-Werner
Kutzmutz
Lippmann
Lötzer
Luft
Lüth
Maier
Marquardt
Müller
Neuhäuser
Ostrowski
Pau
Rössel
Schenk
Schur
Seifert
Steinke
Wolf
OTHERvteIndependent
Members:
Lörcher
List of members of the 14th Bundestag
vte Members of the 15th Bundestag (2002–2005)President: Wolfgang Thierse (SPD)SPDvteSPDSpeaker: Franz Müntefering
Members:
Akgün
Andres
Arndt-Brauer
Arnold
Bachmaier
Bahr
Barnett
Bartels
Barthel
Barthel
Bartol
Bätzing-Lichtenthäler
Beckmeyer
Benneter
Berg
Berg
Bertl
Bierwirth
Bindig
Binding
Bodewig
Bollmann
Brandner
Brase
Brinkmann
Bruckmann
Bulmahn
Bülow
Burchardt
Bürsch
Bury
Büttner
Caspers-Merk
Danckert
Däubler-Gmelin
Diller
Dörmann
Dreßen
Drobinski-Weiß
Dzembritzki
Edathy
Ehrmann
Eichel
Eickhoff
Elser
Erler
Ernstberger
Evers-Meyer
Faße
Ferner
Fograscher
Fornahl
Forster
Frechen
Freitag
Friedrich
Gleicke
Gloser
Göllner
Gradistanac
Graf
Grasedieck
Griefahn
Griese
Groneberg
Großmann
Grotthaus
Haack
Hacker
Hagedorn
Hagemann
Hartenbach
Hartmann
Hartnagel
Hauer
Heil
Hemker
Hempelmann
Hendricks
Herzog
Heß
Heubaum
Hilbrecht
Hiller-Ohm
Hilsberg
Höfer
Hoffmann
Hoffmann
Hoffmann
Hofmann
Hovermann
Hübner
Humme
Ibrügger
Imhof
Irber
Jäger
Janssen
Jonas
Kahrs
Kasparick
Kastner
Kelber
Kemper
Kirschner
Klingbeil
Klose
Klug
Kofler
Köhler
Kolbow
Körper
Kortmann
Kramer
Kramme
Kranz
Kressl
Kröning
Krüger
Krüger-Leißner
Kubatschka
Küchler
Kühn-Mengel
Kumpf
Küster
Lambrecht
Lange
Lehder
Lehn
Leonhard
Lewering
Lohmann
Lösekrug-Möller
Lotz
Lucyga
Manzewski
Marhold
Mark
Marks
Matschie
Mattheis
Meckel
Mehl
Merkel
Merten
Mertens
Mogg
Müller
Müller)
Multhaupt
Müntefering
Mützenich
Neumann
Nietan
Ober
Ortel
Paula
Pflug
Poß
Priesmeier
Pronold
Raabe
Rehbock-Zureich
Reichenbach
Reimann
Riemann-Hanewinckel
Riester
Robbe
Röspel
Rossmann
Roth
Roth
Rübenkönig
Runde
Rupprecht
Sauer
Schaaf
Schäfer
Schaich-Walch
Scharping
Scheelen
Scheer
Scheffler
Schild
Schily
Schmidbauer
Schmidt
Schmidt
Schmidt
Schmidt
Schmitt
Schneider
Schöler
Scholz
Schönfeld
Schösser
Schreck
Schreiner
Schröder
Schulte
Schultz
Schulz
Schwall-Düren
Schwanholz
Schwanitz
Simm
Skarpelis-Sperk
Sonntag-Wolgast
Spanier
Spielmann
Spiller
Staffelt
Stiegler
Stöckel
Strässer
Streb-Hesse
Struck
Stünker
Tauss
Teuchner
Thalheim
Thierse
Thönnes
Uhl
Veit
Violka
Vogelsänger
Vogt
Volkmer
Wagner
Wegener
Weigel
Weis
Weis
Weisheit
Weißgerber
Weisskirchen
Weizsäcker
Welt
Wend
Wester
Westrich
Wettig-Danielmeier
Wetzel
Wicklein
Wieczorek
Wieczorek-Zeul
Wiefelspütz
Wimmer
Wistuba
Wittig
Wodarg
Wohlleben
Wolff
Wright
Zapf
Zöllmer
Zöpel
CDU/CSUvteCDU/CSUSpeaker: Angela Merkel
CDU:
Adam
Altmaier
Austermann
Barthle
Bauer
Baumann
Beck
Bellmann
Bergner
Bernhardt
Bietmann
Binninger
Bismarck
Bleser
Blumenthal
Böhmer
Borchert
Börnsen
Bosbach
Brähmig
Brandt
Brauksiepe
Braun
Breuer
Brüning
Brunnhuber
Butalikakis
Büttner
Caesar
Carstens
Carstensen
Connemann
Dautzenberg
Deittert
Dieckmann
Dominke
Dörflinger
Dött
Eppelmann
Eymer
Falk
Faust
Feibel
Ferlemann
Fischbach
Fischer
Fischer
Fischer
Flachsbarth
Flosbach
Fritz
Fromme
Fuchs
Fuchtel
Gehb
Gewalt
Gienger
Göbel
Göhner
Gönner
Götz
Granold
Grill
Grindel
Gröhe
Grosse-Brömer
Grübel
Grund
Gutting
Haibach
Hedrich
Heiderich
Heinen-Esser
Helias
Heller
Hennrich
Herrmann
Heynemann
Hintze
Hochbaum
Hohmann
Hörster
Hüppe
Jaffke
Jahr
Jüttner
Kampeter
Karwatzki
Kaster
Kauder
Kauder
Klaeden
Klimke
Klöckner
Kolbe
Königshofen
Kossendey
Kretschmer
Krichbaum
Krings
Krogmann
Kues
Kuhn
Lamers
Lammert
Lamp
Laumann
Lengsfeld
Lensing
Letzgus
Lietz
Link
Lippold
Lips
Luther
Marschewski
Mayer
Meckelburg
Meister
Merkel
Merz
Meyer
Michalk
Minkel
Müller
Müller
Neumann
Nitzsche
Noll
Nolte
Nooke
Pawelski
Paziorek
Petzold
Pfeiffer
Pfeiffer
Pflüger
Philipp
Pofalla
Polenz
Rachel
Rauber
Rauen
Reichard
Reiche
Repnik
Riegert
Riesenhuber
Romer
Ronsöhr
Röttgen
Rühe
Rzepka
Schäfer
Schäuble
Schauerte
Schindler
Schirmbeck
Schmid
Schmidbauer
Schmidt
Schockenhoff
Schröder
Schröder
Schulte-Drüggelte
Schummer
Sebastian
Segner
Seiffert
Siebert
Spahn
Steinbach
Stetten
Storjohann
Storm
Störr-Ritter
Strobl
Strothmann
Stübgen
Tillmann
Töpfer
Vaatz
Vogel
Volquartz
Voßhoff
Wächter
Wanderwitz
Weiß
Weiß
Wellenreuther
Widmann-Mauz
Willsch
Wimmer
Wissmann
Wittlich
Wülfing
Zylajew
CSU:
Aigner
Auernhammer
Blank
Bötsch
Deß
Dobrindt
Eichhorn
Fahrenschon
Frankenhauser
Friedrich
Gauweiler
Geis
Girisch
Glos
Göppel
Götzer
Guttenberg
Hasselfeldt
Hinsken
Hofbauer
Kalb
Kaupa
Koschyk
Kraus
Lanzinger
Lintner
Ludwig
Mantel
Mayer
Mayer
Meyer
Michelbach
Mortler
Müller
Müller
Nüßlein
Obermeier
Oßwald
Oswald
Raidel
Ramsauer
Roedel
Rose
Rossmanith
Ruck
Rupprecht
Scheuer
Schmidt
Seehofer
Sehling
Seib
Silberhorn
Singhammer
Straubinger
Strebl
Uhl
Wöhrl
Zeitlmann
Zöller
GRÜNEvte GRUENESpeaker: Katrin Göring-Eckardt and Krista Sager
Members:
Andreae
Beck
Beck
Behm
Bender
Berninger
Bettin
Bonde
Deligöz
Dückert
Dümpe-Krüger
Eichstädt-Bohlig
Eid
Fell
Fischer
Göring-Eckardt
Hajduk
Hermann
Hermenau
Hettlich
Höfken
Hoppe
Hustedt
Krüger-Jacob
Kuhn
Künast
Kurth
Kurth
Lazar
Loske
Lührmann
Montag
Müller
Nachtwei
Neuforn
Nickels
Ostendorff
Probst
Roth
Sager
Scheel
Schewe-Gerigk
Schlauch
Schmidt
Schulz
Selg
Sowa
Steenblock
Ströbele
Trittin
Tritz
Ulrich
Vogel-Sperl
Vollmer
Volmer
Winkler
Wolf
FDPvte FDPSpeaker: Wolfgang Gerhardt
Members:
Addicks
Bahr
Brüderle
Brunkhorst
Burgbacher
Daub
Eberl
Essen
Flach
Fricke
Friedrich
Funke
Gerhardt
Goldmann
Günther
Guttmacher
Happach-Kasan
Hartmann
Haupt
Heinrich
Homburger
Hoyer
Kauch
Kolb
Königshaus
Kopp
Koppelin
Kubicki
Laurischk
Leibrecht
Lenke
Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger
Löning
Möllemann
Niebel
Nolting
Otto
Otto
Parr
Pieper
Piltz
Pinkwart
Rexrodt
Sehn
Solms
Stadler
Stinner
Terwiesche
Thiele
Thomae
Türk
Westerwelle
Winterstein
Wissing
Wolf
OTHERvteIndependent
Members:
Lötzsch
Pau
List of members of the 15th Bundestag
vte Members of the 16th Bundestag (2005–2009)President: Norbert Lammert (CDU)CDU/CSUvte CDU/CSUSpeaker: Angela Merkel and Volker Kauder
CDU:
Adam
Albach
Altmaier
Bareiß
Barthle
Bauer
Baumann
Beck
Bellmann
Bergner
Bernhardt
Binninger
Bismarck
Bleser
Blumenthal
Böhmer
Borchert
Börnsen
Bosbach
Brähmig
Brand
Brandt
Brauksiepe
Brüning
Brunnhuber
Connemann
Dautzenberg
Deittert
Dörflinger
Dött
Eymer
Falk
Faust
Ferlemann
Fischbach
Fischer
Fischer
Fischer
Flachsbarth
Flosbach
Fritz
Fromme
Fuchs
Fuchtel
Gehb
Gienger
Göbel
Göhner
Götz
Granold
Grindel
Gröhe
Grosse-Brömer
Grübel
Grund
Grütters
Gutting
Haibach
Heinen
Heller
Hennrich
Herrmann
Heynemann
Hintze
Hochbaum
Holzenkamp
Hörster
Hübinger
Hüppe
Jaffke
Jahr
Jordan
Jung
Jung
Kammer
Kampeter
Kaster
Kauder
Kauder
Klaeden
Klimke
Klöckner
Koeppen
Köhler
Kolbe
Königshofen
Koschorrek
Kossendey
Kretschmer
Krichbaum
Krings
Krogmann
Krummacher
Kues
Lamers
Lämmel
Lammert
Landgraf
Liebing
Lippold
Lips
Luther
Meckelburg
Meister
Merkel
Merz
Meyer
Michalk
Mißfelder
Möllring
Müller
Müller
Müller
Neumann
Nitzsche
Noll
Otte
Pawelski
Paziorek
Petzold
Pfeiffer
Pfeiffer
Pflüger
Philipp
Pofalla
Polenz
Rachel
Rauen
Rehberg
Reiche
Riegert
Riesenhuber
Romer
Röring
Röttgen
Rzepka
Schäfer
Scharf
Schäuble
Schauerte
Schavan
Schiewerling
Schindler
Schirmbeck
Schmidbauer
Schmidt
Schmitt
Schockenhoff
Schröder
Schulte-Drüggelte
Schummer
Sebastian
Segner
Siebert
Spahn
Steinbach
Stetten
Storjohann
Storm
Strobl
Strothmann
Stübgen
Tillmann
Vaatz
Vogel
Voßhoff
Wächter
Wanderwitz
Wegner
Weinberg
Weiß
Weiß
Wellenreuther
Wellmann
Widmann-Mauz
Willsch
Wimmer
Winkelmeier-Becker
Zylajew
CSU:
Aigner
Blank
Dobrindt
Eichhorn
Fahrenschon
Frankenhauser
Friedrich
Gauweiler
Geis
Glos
Göppel
Götzer
Guttenberg
Hasselfeldt
Hinsken
Hofbauer
Kalb
Karl
Koschyk
Lehmer
Lehrieder
Lintner
Mantel
Mayer
Michelbach
Mortler
Müller
Müller
Nüßlein
Obermeier
Oswald
Raab
Raidel
Ramsauer
Rossmanith
Ruck
Rupprecht
Scheuer
Schmidt
Seehofer
Silberhorn
Singhammer
Straubinger
Uhl
Wöhrl
Zöller
SPDvte SPDSpeaker: Franz Müntefering and Peter Struck
Members:
Akgün
Amann
Andres
Annen
Arndt-Brauer
Arnold
Bahr
Barnett
Bartels
Barthel
Bartol
Bätzing-Lichtenthäler
Becker
Beckmeyer
Benneter
Berg
Berg
Bierwirth
Binding
Blumentritt
Bodewig
Bollen
Bollmann
Botz
Brandner
Brase
Brinkmann
Bulmahn
Bülow
Burchardt
Burkert
Bürsch
Carstensen
Caspers-Merk
Danckert
Däubler-Gmelin
Diller
Dörmann
Dressel
Drobinski-Weiß
Duin
Dzembritzki
Edathy
Ehrmann
Eichel
Erler
Ernstberger
Evers-Meyer
Faße
Ferner
Fograscher
Fornahl
Frechen
Freitag
Friedrich
Gabriel
Gerster
Gleicke
Gloser
Gradistanac
Graf
Grasedieck
Griefahn
Griese
Groneberg
Großmann
Grotthaus
Gunkel
Hacker
Hagedorn
Hagemann
Hartenbach
Hartmann
Hauer
Heil
Hemker
Hempelmann
Hendricks
Herzog
Heß
Hiller-Ohm
Hilsberg
Hinz
Höfer
Hoffmann
Hofmann
Hovermann
Hübner
Humme
Ibrügger
Irber
Jung
Juratovic
Kahrs
Kasparick
Kastner
Kelber
Kleiminger
Klose
Klug
Kofler
Kolbow
Körper
Kortmann
Kramer
Kramme
Kranz
Kressl
Kröning
Krüger
Krüger-Leißner
Kucharczyk
Kühn-Mengel
Kumpf
Küster
Lambrecht
Lange
Lauterbach
Lehn
Lopez
Lösekrug-Möller
Manzewski
Mark
Marks
Mast
Mattheis
Meckel
Merkel
Merten
Miersch
Mogg
Mühlstein
Müller
Müller
Multhaupt
Müntefering
Mützenich
Nahles
Oppermann
Ortel
Paula
Pflug
Poß
Pries
Priesmeier
Pronold
Raabe
Rawert
Reiche
Reichel
Reichenbach
Reimann
Riemann-Hanewinckel
Riester
Rix
Röspel
Rossmann
Roth
Roth
Runde
Rupprecht
Schaaf
Schäfer
Scheelen
Scheer
Schieder
Schily
Schmidt
Schmidt
Schmidt
Schmidt
Schmitt
Schneider
Scholz
Schreiner
Schultz
Schulz
Schurer
Schwabe
Schwall-Düren
Schwanholz
Schwanitz
Schwarzelühr-Sutter
Spanier
Spielmann
Spiller
Staffelt
Steppuhn
Stiegler
Stöckel
Strässer
Struck
Stünker
Tabillion
Teuchner
Thierse
Thießen
Thönnes
Uhl
Veit
Violka
Vogelsänger
Volkmer
Wegener
Weigel
Weis
Weißgerber
Weisskirchen
Wend
Westrich
Wetzel
Wicklein
Wieczorek-Zeul
Wiefelspütz
Wistuba
Wodarg
Wolff
Wright
Zapf
Zöllmer
Zypries
FDPvte FDPSpeaker: Wolfgang Gerhardt and Guido Westerwelle
Members:
Ackermann
Addicks
Ahrendt
Bahr
Barth
Brüderle
Brunkhorst
Burgbacher
Döring
Dyckmans
Essen
Flach
Fricke
Friedhoff
Friedrich
Geisen
Gerhardt
Goldmann
Gruß
Günther
Happach-Kasan
Haustein
Hoff
Homburger
Hoyer
Kauch
Kolb
Königshaus
Kopp
Koppelin
Kurth
Lanfermann
Laurischk
Leibrecht
Lenke
Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger
Link
Löning
Meierhofer
Meinhardt
Mücke
Müller-Sönksen
Niebel
Otto
Parr
Pieper
Piltz
Rohde
Schäffler
Schily
Schuster
Solms
Stadler
Stinner
Thiele
Toncar
Waitz
Westerwelle
Winterstein
Wissing
Wolff
Zeil
LINKEvte LINKESpeaker: Gregor Gysi and Oskar Lafontaine
Members:
Aydın
Bartsch
Binder
Bisky
Bluhm
Bulling-Schröter
Bunge
Claus
Dağdelen
Dehm
Dreibus
Enkelmann
Ernst
Gehrcke-Reymann
Golze
Gysi
Hänsel
Heilmann
Hill
Hirsch
Höger-Neuling
Höll
Hultsch
Jelpke
Jochimsen
Keskin
Kipping
Knoche
Korte
Kunert
Lafontaine
Leutert
Lötzer
Lötzsch
Maurer
Menzner
Möller
Naumann
Neskovic
Paech
Pau
Ramelow
Reinke
Schäfer
Schneider
Schui
Seifert
Sitte
Spieth
Tackmann
Tempel
Troost
Ulrich
Winkelmeier
Wunderlich
Zimmermann
GRÜNEvte GRUENESpeaker: Renate Künast and Fritz Kuhn
Members:
Andreae
Beck
Beck
Behm
Bender
Berninger
Bonde
Deligöz
Dückert
Eid
Fell
Fischer
Gehring
Göring-Eckardt
Hajduk
Haßelmann
Hermann
Hettlich
Hinz
Höfken
Hofreiter
Höhn
Hoppe
Koczy
Kotting-Uhl
Kuhn
Künast
Kurth
Kurth
Lazar
Loske
Lührmann
Montag
Müller
Nachtwei
Pothmer
Roth
Sager
Scharfenberg
Scheel
Schewe-Gerigk
Schick
Staffelt
Steenblock
Stokar von Neuforn
Ströbele
Terpe
Trittin
Wieland
Winkler
Wolf
OTHERvteIndependent
Members:
Tauss
List of members of the 16th Bundestag
vte Members of the 17th Bundestag (2009–2013)President: Norbert Lammert (CDU)CDU/CSUvte CDU/CSUSpeaker: Volker Kauder
CDU:
Altmaier
Bareiß
Barthle
Baumann
Beck
Behrens
Bellmann
Bergner
Beyer
Bilger
Binninger
Bleser
Böhmer
Börnsen
Bosbach
Brackmann
Brähmig
Brand
Brandt
Brauksiepe
Braun
Brehmer
Brinkhaus
Caesar
Connemann
Dautzenberg
de Maizière
Dörflinger
Dött
Feist
Ferlemann
Fischbach
Fischer
Fischer
Fischer
Flachsbarth
Flosbach
Fritz
Fuchs
Fuchtel
Funk
Gädechens
Gebhart
Gerig
Gienger
Götz
Granold
Grindel
Gröhe
Grosse-Brömer
Grotelüschen
Grübel
Grund
Grütters
Gutting
Haibach
Harbarth
Hardt
Heider
Heiderich
Heil
Heinen-Esser
Heinrich
Henke
Hennrich
Herrmann
Heveling
Hintze
Hirte
Hochbaum
Holzenkamp
Hörster
Hübinger
Hüppe
Jarzombek
Jasper
Jung
Jung
Jüttner
Kammer
Kampeter
Kaster
Kauder
Kauder
Kaufmann
Kiesewetter
von Klaeden
Klamt
Klein
Klimke
Klöckner
Knoerig
Koeppen
Kolbe
Koschorrek
Kossendey
Kretschmer
Krichbaum
Krings
Krogmann
Kruse
Kudla
Kues
Lach
Lamers
Lämmel
Lammert
Landgraf
von der Leyen
Liebing
Lietz
Linnemann
Lips
Luczak
Luther
Maag
von der Marwitz
Mattfeldt
Meister
Merkel
Michalk
Middelberg
Mißfelder
Monstadt
Müller
Murmann
Neumann
Noll
Otte
Paul
Pawelski
Petzold
Pfeiffer
Pfeiffer
Philipp
Pofalla
Poland
Polenz
Pols
Puttrich
Rachel
Rehberg
Reiche
Riebsamen
Rief
Riegert
Riesenhuber
Röring
Röttgen
Rüddel
Schäfer
Schäuble
Schavan
Schiewerling
Schindler
Schipanski
Schirmbeck
Schnieder
Schockenhoff
Schröder
Schröder
Schulte-Drüggelte
Schummer
Schuster
Seif
Selle
Sendker
Sensburg
Siebert
Spahn
Stauche
Steffel
Steinbach
von Stetten
Stier
Storjohann
Strenz
Strobl
Strothmann
Stübgen
Tauber
Tillmann
Vaatz
Vogel
Vogelsang
Voßhoff
Wadephul
Wanderwitz
Wegner
Weinberg
Weiss
Weiß
Wellenreuther
Wellmann
Wichtel
Widmann-Mauz
Willsch
Winkelmeier-Becker
Zimmer
Zylajew
CSU:
Aigner
Aumer
Bär
Brandl
Dobrindt
Frankenhauser
Friedrich
Frieser
Gauweiler
Geis
Glos
Göppel
Götzer
zu Guttenberg
Hahn
Hasselfeldt
Hinsken
Holmeier
Kalb
Karl
Koschyk
Lange
Lehmer
Lehrieder
Mayer
Michelbach
Mortler
Müller
Müller
Nüßlein
Obermeier
Oswald
Raab
Ramsauer
Ruck
Rupprecht
Scheuer
Schmidt
Silberhorn
Singhammer
Stracke
Straubinger
Uhl
Wöhrl
Zöller
SPDvte SPDSpeaker: Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Members:
Arndt-Brauer
Arnold
Barchmann
Barnett
Bartels
Barthel
Bartol
Bas
Bätzing-Lichtenthäler
Becker
Beckmeyer
Binding
Bollmann
Brandner
Brase
Brinkmann
Bulmahn
Bülow
Burchardt
Burkert
Crone
Danckert
Dörmann
Drobinski-Weiß
Duin
Edathy
Egloff
Ehrmand
Erler
Ernstberger
Evers-Meyer
Ferner
Fograscher
Franke
Freitag
Friedrich
Gabriel
Gerdes
Gerster
Gleicke
Gloser
Gottschalck
Graf
Griese
Groneberg
Groschek
Groß
Gunkel
Hacker
Hagedorn
Hagemann
Hartmann
Heil
Hellmich
Hempelmann
Hendricks
Herzog
Hiller-Ohm
Hinz
Hofmann
Högl
Humme
Juratović
Kaczmarek
Kahrs
Kastner
Kelber
Klingbeil
Klose
Klug
Kofler
Kolbe
Körper
Kramme
Kressl
Krüger-Leißner
Kumpf
Lambrecht
Lange
Lauterbach
Lemme
Lischka
Lösekrug-Möller
Lühmann
Marks
Mast
Mattheis
Merkel
Meßmer
Miersch
Müntefering
Mützenich
Nahles
Nietan
Nink
Oppermann
Ortel
Özoğuz
Paula
Pflug
Poß
Priesmeier
Pronold
Raabe
Rawert
Rebmann
Reichenbach
Reimann
Rix
Röspel
Rossmann
Roth
Roth
Rupprecht
Sawade
Schaaf
Schäfer
Scheelen
Scheer
Schieder
Schieder
Schmidt
Schmidt
Schneider
Scholz
Schreiner
Schulz
Schurer
Schwabe
Schwall-Düren
Schwanholz
Schwanitz
Schwartze
Schwarzelühr-Sutter
Sieling
Steffen
Steinbrück
Steinmeier
Strässer
Tack
Thierse
Thönnes
Tiefensee
Veit
Vogt
Volkmer
Wicklein
Wieczorek-Zeul
Wiefelspütz
Wolff
Zapf
Ziegler
Zöllmer
Zypries
FDPvte FDPSpeaker: Birgit Homburger and Rainer Brüderle
Members:
Ackermann
Ahrendt
Aschenberg-Dugnus
Bahr
Bernschneider
Blumenthal
Bögel
Bracht-Bendt
Breil
Brüderle
Brunkhorst
Burgbacher
Buschmann
Canel
Daub
Deutschmann
Djir-Sarai
Döring
Drexler
Dyckmans
Ehrenberg
Erdel
van Essen
Flach
Fricke
Friedhoff
Geisen
Gerhardt
Goldmann
Golombeck
Gruß
Günther
Happach-Kasan
Haustein
Höferlin
Hoff
Homburger
Hoyer
Kamp
Kauch
Knopek
Kober
Kolb
Königshaus
Kopp
Koppelin
Körber
Krestel
Kurth
Lanfermann
Laurischk
Leibrecht
Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger
Lindemann
Lindner
Lindner
Link
Lotter
Luksic
Meierhofer
Meinhardt
Molitor
Mücke
Müller
Müller-Sönksen
Neumann
Niebel
Otto
Pieper
Piltz
von Polheim
Ratjen-Damerau
Reinemund
Reinhold
Röhlinger
Ruppert
Sänger
Schäffler
Schnurr
Schulz
Schuster
Schweickert
Simmling
Skudelny
Solms
Spatz
Stadler
Staffeldt
Stinner
Thiele
Thomae
Todtenhausen
Toncar
Tören
Vogel
Volk
Westerwelle
Winterstein
Wissing
Wolff
LINKEvte LINKESpeaker: Gregor Gysi
Members:
Alpers
Bartsch
Behrens
Binder
Birkwald
Bluhm
Bockhahn
Buchholz
Bulling-Schröter
Bunge
Claus
Dağdelen
Dehm-Desoi
Dittrich
Dreibus
Enkelmann
Ernst
Gehrcke-Reymann
Gohlke
Golze
Groth
Gysi
Hänsel
Hein
Höger
Höll
Hunko
Jelpke
Jochimsen
Kipping
Koch
Korte
Krellmann
Kunert
Lafontaine
Lay
Leidig
Lenkert
Leutert
Liebich
Lötzer
Lötzsch
Lutze
Maurer
Menzner
Möhring
Möller
Movassat
Naumann
Nord
Pau
Petermann
Pitterle
Ploetz
Remmers
Schäfer
Schlecht
Schui
Seifert
Senger-Schäfer
Sharma
Sitte
Stüber
Süßmair
Tackmann
Tempel
Troost
Ulrich
van Aken
Vogler
Voß
Wagenknecht
Wawzyniak
Weinberg
Werner
Wunderlich
Zimmermann
GRÜNEvte GRUENESpeaker: Renate Künast and Jürgen Trittin
Members:
Andreae
Beck
Beck
Behm
Bender
Bonde
Deligöz
Dörner
Ebner
Fell
Gambke
Gehring
Göring-Eckardt
Haßelmann
Herlitzius
Hermann
Hinz
Höfken-Deipenbrock
Hofreiter
Höhn
Hönlinger
Hoppe
Kekeritz
Keul
Kieckbusch
Kilic
Kindler
Klein-Schmeink
Koczy
Koenigs
Kotting-Uhl
Krischer
Krumwiede
Kuhn
Kühn
Künast
Kurth
Kurth
Lazar
Lindner
Maisch
Malczak
Montag
Müller
Müller-Gemmeke
Nestle
Nouripour
Ostendorff
Ott
Paus
Pothmer
Rößner
Roth
Sager
Sarrazin
Scharfenberg
Scheel
Schick
Schmidt
Schneider
Seiler
Steiner
Strengmann-Kuhn
Ströbele
Terpe
Tressel
Trittin
von Cramon-Taubadel
von Notz
Wagner
Wagner
Walter-Rosenheimer
Wieland
Wilms
Winkler
OTHERvteIndependent
Members:
Nešković
List of members of the 17th Bundestag
vte Members of the 18th Bundestag (2013–2017)President: Norbert Lammert (CDU)CDU/CSUvte CDU/CSUSpeaker: Volker Kauder
CDU:
Albani
Altmaier
Bareiß
Barthle
Baumann
Beermann
Behrens
Bellmann
Benning
Berghegger
Bergner
Bertram
Beyer
Bilger
Binninger
Bleser
Böhmer
Bosbach
Brackmann
Brähmig
Brand
Brandt
Brauksiepe
Braun
Brehmer
Brinkhaus
Caesar
Connemann
Dinges-Dierig
Donth
Dörflinger
Dött
Eckenbach
Färber
Feiler
Feist
Ferlemann
Fischbach
Fischer
Fischer
Flachsbarth
Flosbach
Frei
Fuchs
Fuchtel
Funk
Gädechens
Gebhart
Gerig
Gienger
Giousouf
Grindel
Groden-Kranich
Gröhe
Gröhler
Grosse-Brömer
Grotelüschen
Grübel
Grund
Grundmann
Grütters
Gundelach
Güntzler
Gutting
Haase
Hajek
Harbarth
Hardt
Hauer
Hauptmann
Heck
Heider
Heiderich
Heil
Heinrich
Helfrich
Heller
Hellmuth
Henke
Hennrich
Herdan
Heveling
Hintze
Hinz
Hirte
Hirte
Hochbaum
Hoffmann
Holzenkamp
Hoppenstedt
Horb
Höschel
Hornhues
Huber
Hübinger
Hüppe
Jarzombek
Jepsen
Jörrißen
Jung
Jung
Jung
Jüttner
Kammer
Kampeter
Kanitz
Karliczek
Kaster
Kauder
Kaufmann
Kemmer
Kiesewetter
Kippels
Klein
Klimke
Knoerig
Koeppen
Koob
Körber
Kovac
Kretschmer
Krichbaum
Krings
Kruse
Kudla
Kühne
Lach
Lagosky
Lamers
Lämmel
Lammert
Landgraf
Leikert
Lengsfeld
Leyen
Lezius
Liebing
Lietz
Linnemann
Lips
Lorenz
Lücking-Michel
Luczak
Maag
Magwas
Mahlberg
Maizière
Manderla
Marschall
Marwitz
Mattfeldt
Meister
Merkel
Metzler
Michalk
Middelberg
Mißfelder
Monstadt
Möring
Mosblech
Motschmann
Müller
Murmann
Nick
Noll
Nowak
Oellers
Ostermann
Otte
Pahlmann
Pantel
Patzelt
Pätzold
Petzold
Pfeiffer
Pfeiffer
Pofalla
Pols
Rachel
Radomski
Rehberg
Reiche
Riebsamen
Rief
Riesenhuber
Ripsam
Röring
Rösel
Röttgen
Rüddel
Schäfer
Schäuble
Schavan
Schiewerling
Schimke
Schindler
Schipanski
Schmelzle
Schmidt
Schnieder
Schockenhoff
Schön
Schröder
Schröder
Schulte-Drüggelte
Schulze
Schummer
Schuster
Schwarzer
Seif
Selle
Sendker
Sensburg
Siebert
Sorge
Spahn
Stauche
Steffel
Stegemann
Stein
Steineke
Steiniger
Stetten
Stier
Stockhofe
Storjohann
Strenz
Stritzl
Strobl
Strothmann
Stübgen
Sütterlin-Waack
Tauber
Tillmann
Timmermann-Fechter
Uhl
Vaatz
Veith
Viesehon
Vietz
Vogel
Volmering
Voßbeck-Kayser
Vries
Wadephul
Wanderwitz
Wange
Warken
Wegner
Weiler
Weinberg
Weiß
Weiss
Wellenreuther
Wellmann
Wendt
Westermayer
Whittaker
Wichtel
Widmann-Mauz
Wiese
Willsch
Winkelmeier-Becker
Wittke
Woltmann
Zertik
Zimmer
CSU:
Albsteiger
Auernhammer
Bär
Brandl
Dobrindt
Durz
Eberl
Fabritius
Freudenstein
Friedrich
Frieser
Gauweiler
Göppel
Hahn
Hasselfeldt
Hoffmann
Holmeier
Irlstorfer
Kalb
Karl
Koschyk
Lange
Lanzinger
Launert
Lehrieder
Lenz
Lerchenfeld
Lindholz
Ludwig
Mayer
Meier
Michelbach
Mortler
Müller
Müller
Nüßlein
Obermeier
Oßner
Radwan
Rainer
Ramsauer
Rupprecht
Scheuer
Schmidt
Silberhorn
Singhammer
Stefinger
Stracke
Straubinger
Strebl
Uhl
Ullrich
Weisgerber
Wöhrl
Zech
Zeulner
Zollner
SPDvte SPDSpeaker: Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Thomas Oppermann
Members:
Annen
Arndt-Brauer
Arnold
Baehrens
Bahr
Bähr-Losse
Barchmann
Barley
Barnett
Bartels
Barthel
Bartke
Bartol
Bas
Bätzing-Lichtenthäler
Becker
Beckmeyer
Binding
Blienert
Brase
Brunner
Bulmahn
Bülow
Burkert
Castellucci
Coße
Crone
Daldrup
De Ridder
Diaby
Dittmar
Dörmann
Drobinski-Weiß
Edathy
Ehrmann
Engelmeier-Heite
Erler
Ernstberger
Esken
Evers-Meyer
Fechner
Felgentreu
Ferner
Finckh-Krämer
Flisek
Fograscher
Franke
Freese
Freitag
Gabriel
Gerdes
Gerster
Gleicke
Glöckner
Gottschalck
Griese
Groneberg
Groß
Grötsch
Gunkel
Hagedorn
Hagl-Kehl
Hakverdi
Hampel
Hartmann
Hartmann
Heidenblut
Heil
Heinrich
Held
Hellmich
Hendricks
Henn
Herzog
Hiller-Ohm
Hinz
Hitschler
Högl
Ilgen
Jantz
Jost
Junge
Juratovic
Jurk
Kaczmarek
Kahrs
Kampmann
Kapschack
Katzmarek
Kelber
Kermer
Kiziltepe
Klare
Klingbeil
Kofler
Kolbe
Kömpel
Kramme
Krüger
Krüger-Leißner
Kühn-Mengel
Lambrecht
Lange
Lauterbach
Lemme
Lischka
Lösekrug-Möller
Lotze
Lühmann
Malecha-Nissen
Marks
Mast
Mattheis
Miersch
Mindrup
Mittag
Müller
Müller
Müntefering
Mützenich
Nahles
Nietan
Nissen
Oppermann
Özdemir
Özoğuz
Paschke
Petry
Pflugradt
Pilger
Poschmann
Poß
Post
Post
Priesmeier
Pronold
Raabe
Raatz
Rabanus
Rawert
Rebmann
Reichenbach
Reimann
Rimkus
Rix
Rode-Bosse
Rohde
Rosemann
Röspel
Rossmann
Roth
Rüthrich
Rützel
Ryglewski
Saathoff
Sawade
Schabedoth
Schäfer
Scheer
Schieder
Schiefner
Schlegel
Schmidt
Schmidt
Schmidt
Schneider
Scho-Antwerpes
Schulte
Schulz
Schurer
Schwabe
Schwartze
Schwarz
Schwarzelühr-Sutter
Sieling
Spiering
Spinrath
Stadler
Stamm-Fibich
Steffen
Steinbrück
Steinmeier
Strässer
Tack
Tausend
Thews
Thissen
Thönnes
Tiefensee
Träger
Veit
Vogt
Vöpel
Weber
Westphal
Wicklein
Wiese
Wolff
Yüksel
Ziegler
Zierke
Zimmermann
Zöllmer
Zypries
LINKEvte LINKESpeaker: Gregor Gysi, Dietmar Bartsch, Sahra Wagenknecht
Members:
Aken
Alpers
Bartsch
Behrens
Binder
Birkwald
Bluhm
Buchholz
Bulling-Schröter
Claus
Dağdelen
Dehm
Ernst
Gehrcke
Gohlke
Golze
Groth
Gysi
Hahn
Hänsel
Hein
Höger
Hunko
Hupach
Jelpke
Karawanskij
Kassner
Kipping
Korte
Krellmann
Kunert
Lay
Leidig
Lenkert
Leutert
Liebich
Lötzsch
Lutze
Menz
Möhring
Movassat
Müller
Neu
Nord
Pau
Petzold
Pitterle
Renner
Schlecht
Sitte
Steinke
Tackmann
Tank
Tempel
Troost
Ulrich
Vogler
Wagenknecht
Wawzyniak
Weinberg
Werner
Wöllert
Wunderlich
Zdebel
Zimmermann
Zimmermann
GRÜNEvte GRUENESpeaker: Katrin Göring-Eckardt, Anton Hofreiter
Members:
Amtsberg
Andreae
Baerbock
Beck
Beck
Brantner
Brugger
Deligöz
Dörner
Dröge
Ebner
Gambke
Gastel
Gehring
Göring-Eckardt
Hajduk
Haßelmann
Hinz
Hofreiter
Höhn
Janecek
Kekeritz
Keul
Kindler
Klein-Schmeink
Koenigs
Kotting-Uhl
Krischer
Kühn
Kühn
Künast
Kurth
Lazar
Lemke
Lindner
Maisch
Meiwald
Mihalic
Müller-Gemmeke
Mutlu
Notz
Nouripour
Ostendorff
Özdemir
Paus
Pothmer
Rößner
Roth
Rüffer
Sarrazin
Scharfenberg
Schauws
Schick
Schmidt
Schulz-Asche
Strengmann-Kuhn
Ströbele
Terpe
Tressel
Trittin
Verlinden
Wagner
Walter-Rosenheimer
Wilms
OTHERvteIndependent
Members:
Steinbach
List of members of the 18th Bundestag
vte Members of the 20th Bundestag (2021–2025)President Bärbel Bas (SPD)SPDvte SPDSpeaker: Rolf Mützenich
Other members:
Abdi
Ahmetovic
Alabali-Radovan
Andres
Annen
Arlt
Baehrens
Bahr
Baldy
Baradari
Bartol
Bartz
Bas
Becker
Berghahn
Bergt
Blankenburg
Breymaier
Brunner
Budde
Cademartori
Castellucci
Daldrup
Demir
De Ridder
Diaby
Diedenhofen
Dieren
Dilcher
Dittmar
Döring
Droßmann
Echeverria
Eichwede
Engelhardt
Esdar
Esken
Fäscher
Fechner
Fiedler
Franke
Funke
Gava
Gerdes
Gerster
Glöckner
Griese
Hagedorn
Hagl-Kehl
Hakverdi
Hartmann
Heidenblut
Heil
Heiligenstadt
Heinrich
Hellmich
Hennig
Heselhaus
Heubach
Hitschler
Hohmann
Hostert
Hubertz
Hümpfer
Junge
Juratovic
Kaczmarek
Kaiser
Karaahmetoǧlu
Kasper
Kassautzki
Katzmarek
Kersten
Kleebank
Klinck
Klingbeil
Klose
Klüssendorf
Kofler
Koß
Kramme
Kreiser
Kröber
Kühnert
Lahrkamp
Larem
Lauterbach
Lehmann
Leiser
Licina-Bode
Limbacher
Lindh
Lugk
Lutze
Machalet
Mackensen-Geis
Malottki
Mann
Martens
Marvi
Mascheck
Mast
Mehltretter
Mehmet Ali
Mende
Mesarosch
Michel
Miersch
Mieves
Mittag
Moll
Möller
Müller
Müller
Müller
Müntefering
Mützenich
Nasr
Nickholz
Nietan
Nürnberger
Oehl
Ortleb
Özdemir
Özoğuz
Pantazis
Papenbrock
Papendieck
Pawlik
Peick
Petry
Plobner
Poschmann
Post
Rabanus
Rhie
Rimkus
Rinkert
Rix
Rohde
Roloff
Rosemann
Rosenthal
Roth
Rudolph
Rudolph
Ruf
Rützel
Ryglewski
Saathoff
Schäfer
Schäfer
Schamber
Schätzl
Scheer
Schieder
Schiefner
Schierenbeck
Schisanowski
Schmid
Schmid
Schmidt
Schmidt
Schneider
Schneider
Scholz
Schraps
Schreider
Schrodi
Schulze
Schwabe
Schwartze
Schwarz
Schwarzelühr-Sutter
Seitzl
Stadler
Stamm-Fibich
Stegner
Stein
Sthamer
Stüwe
Tausend
Thews
Töns
Träger
Troff-Schaffarzyk
Türk-Nachbaur
Ullrich
Völlers
Vontz
Vöpel
Wagner
Wallstein
Walter
Wegge
Wegling
Weingarten
Werner
Westphal
Wiese
Wollmann
Yüksel
Zierke
Zimmermann
Zorn
Zschau
CDU/CSUvte CDU, CSUSpeaker: Friedrich Merz
CDU:
Abraham
Albani
Altenkamp
Amthor
Aumer
Bareiß
Bernstein
Beyer
Biadacz
Bilger
Borchardt
Brand
Braun
Breher
Brehmer
Breilmann
Brinkhaus
Brodesser
Bröhr
Bury
Connemann
Czaja
Damerow
Donth
Färber
Feiler
Ferlemann
Föhr
Frei
Gädechens
Gebhart
Gramling
Gröhe
Grosse-Brömer
Grübel
Grütters
Grund
Grundmann
Güler
Güntzler
Gutting
Haase
Hardt
Hauer
Heck
Heil
Heilmann
Helfrich
Henrichmann
Heveling
Hirte
Hoppenstedt
Hoppermann
Hüppe
Janssen
Jarzombek
Jung
Karliczek
Kaufmann
Kemmer
Kiesewetter
Kippels
Klein
Klein
Klöckner
Knoerig
König
Koeppen
Körber
Koob
Krichbaum
Krings
Kuban
Laschet
Lehmann
Leikert
Linnemann
Lips
Luczak
Mack
Magwas
Mannes
Mayer-Lay
Meister
Merz
Metzler
Middelberg
Mörseburg
Monstadt
Müller
Müller
Müller
Müller
Nacke
Nicolaisen
Oellers
Oppelt
Oster
Otte
Pahlmann
Ploß
Plum
Rachel
Radomski
Rehbaum
Reichel
Rief
Röttgen
Röwekamp
Rohwer
Rouenhoff
Rüddel
Firnhaber
Schenderlein
Schimke
Schnieder
Schön
Schreiner
Seif
Simon
Sorge
Spahn
Stegemann
Steiniger
von Stetten
Stier
Stöcker
Stumpp
Tebroke
Thies
Throm
Tillmann
Timmermann-Fechter
Uhl
Ullrich
Vieregge
Vogt
Vries
Wadephul
Wanderwitz
Warken
Weiss
Weiss
Whittaker
Widmann-Mauz
Wiener
Wiesmann
Willsch
Winkelmeier-Becker
Wulf
Ziemiak
Zippelius
CSU:
Auernhammer
Bär
Brandl
Brehm
Dobrindt
Durz
Edelhäußer
Engelhard
Englhardt-Kopf
Erndl
Friedrich
Frieser
Geissler
Hahn
Hierl
Hoffmann
Irlstorfer
Kießling
Lange
Launert
Lehrieder
Lenz
Lindholz
Loos
Ludwig
Mayer
Müller
Oßner
Radwan
Rainer
Ramsauer
Rupprecht
Scheuer
Silberhorn
Staffler
Stefinger
Stracke
Straubinger
Weisgerber
Winkler
Wittmann
Zeulner
GRÜNEvte GRÜNESpeaker: Claudia Roth
Other members: Aeffner
Amtsberg
Audretsch
Außendorf
Bacherle
Badum
Bär
Baerbock
Banaszak
Bayram
Beck
Benner
Brantner
Brugger
Bsirske
Christmann
Dahmen
Deligöz
Detzer
Dröge
Düring
Ebner
Eckert
Emmerich
Fester
Gambir
Ganserer
Gastel
Gehring
Gelbhaar
Gesenhues
Göring-Eckardt
Grau
Grützmacher
Grundl
Habeck
Haßelmann
Heitmann
Henneberger
Herrmann
Hönel
Hoffmann
Hofreiter
von Holtz
Janecek
Kaddor
Kappert-Gonther
Kellner
Keul
Khan
Kindler
Klein-Schmeink
Kopf
Krämer
Kraft
Kretz
Krischer
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Künast
Kurth
Lang
Lehmann
Lemke
Liebert
Limburg
Lindner
Loop
Lucks
Lührmann
Mayer
Menge
Michaelsen
Mihalic
Mijatovič
C. Müller
S. Müller
Müller-Gemmeke
Nanni
Nestle
Nick
von Notz
Nouripour
Özdemir
Otte
Pahlke
Paus
Piechotta
Filiz
Reinalter
Rößner
Rottmann
Rüffer
Sacher
Taher Saleh
J. Schäfer
S. Schäfer
Schauws
Schmidt
Schönberger
Schröder
Schulz-Asche
Sekmen
Slawik
Spallek
Spellerberg
Steffen
Steinmüller
Strengmann-Kuhn
Tesfaiesus
Trittin
Uhlig
Verlinden
N. Wagener
R. Wagener
Wagner
Walter-Rosenheimer
Weishaupt
Wenzel
Winklmann
FDPvte FDPSpeaker: Christian Dürr
Other members: Abel
Adler
Al-Halak
Alt
Aschenberg-Dugnus
Bartelt
Bauer
Beeck
Bodtke
Boginski
J. Brandenburg
M. Brandenburg
Bubendorfer-Licht
Buschmann
Busen
Cronenberg
Djir-Sarai
Dürr
Faber
Föst
Funke-Kaiser
Gassner-Herz
Gerschau
Gründer
Hacker
Hartewig
Harzer
Heidt
Helling-Plahr
Herbrand
Herbst
Hessel
Hocker
Höferlin
Hoffmann
Houben
in der Beek
Jensen
Jurisch
Klein
Kluckert
Kober
Köhler
Konrad
Kruse
Kubicki
Kuhle
Lambsdorff
Lechte
Lenders
Lieb
Lindner
Link
Lütke
Luksic
Mansmann
Merten
Meyer
Mordhorst
Müller
Müller-Rosentritt
Raffelhüschen
Redder
Reinhold
Reuther
Sauter
Schäffler
Schröder
Schulz
Seestern-Pauly
Seiter
Semet
Skudelny
Stark-Watzinger
Stockmeier
Strack-Zimmermann
Strasser
Teuteberg
Teutrine
Theurer
Thomae
Tippelt
Todtenhausen
Toncar
Ullmann
Ullrich
Vogel
Wagner
Weeser
Westig
Willkomm
Wissing
AfDvte AfDSpeaker:
Other members:
Bachmann
Baum
Baumann
Beckamp
Bernhard
Blerk
Bochmann
Boehringer
Bollmann
Brandes
Brandner
Braun
Bühl
Bystron
Chrupalla
Curio
Dietz
Ehrhorn
Espendiller
Felser
Friedhoff
Frömming
Frohnmaier
Gauland
Glaser
Gnauck
Gottschalk
Harder-Kühnel
Haug
Hess
Hilse
Höchst
Holm
Huy
Jacobi
Janich
Jongen
Malte Kaufmann
Michael Kaufmann
Keuter
Kleinwächter
König
Komning
Kotré
Kraft
Lenk
Lucassen
Moncsek
Moosdorf
Münzenmaier
Naujok
Nolte
Otten
Peterka
Pohl
Protschka
Reichardt
Renner
Rinck
Rothfuß
Schattner
Schielke-Ziesing
E. Schmidt
J. Schmidt
Schneider
Schulz
Seitz
Sichert
Spaniel
Springer
Stöber
von Storch
Weidel
Weyel
Wiehle
Wirth
Wundrak
Ziegler
LINKEvte LINKESpeaker:
Other members: Akbulut
Bartsch
Birkwald
Bünger
Cezanne
Domscheit-Berg
Ferschl
Gohlke
Görke
Gürpinar
Gysi
Hahn
Hennig-Wellsow
Korte
Latendorf
Lay
Lenkert
Lötzsch
Möhring
Nastić
Pellmann
Perlif
Reichinnek
Renner
Riexinger
Sitte
Vogler
Wissler
OTHERvteNon-attached
Members: Al-Dailami (BSW)
Cotar (Independent)
Dağdelen (BSW)
Ernst (BSW)
Hunko (BSW)
Farle (Independent)
Helferich (Independent)
Huber (Independent)
Leye (BSW)
Mohamed Ali (BSW)
Nastić (BSW)
Tatti (BSW)
Ulrich (BSW)
Seidler (SSW)
Wagenknecht (BSW)
Witt (Independent)
List of members of the 20th Bundestag
vteMembers of the German Bundestag from ThuringiaSPD
Elisabeth Kaiser
Christoph Matschie
Carsten Schneider
CDU
Manfred Grund
Mark Hauptmann (until 19 March 2021)
Christian Hirte
Kristina Nordt (from 22 March 2021)
Tankred Schipanski
Johannes Selle
Antje Tillmann
Volkmar Vogel
Albert Weiler
Greens
Katrin Göring-Eckardt
FDP
Reginald Hanke
Gerald Ullrich
AfD
Stephan Brandner
Marcus Bühl
Anton Friesen
Jürgen Pohl
Robby Schlund
The Left
Ralph Lenkert
Martina Renner
Kersten Steinke
Authority control databases International
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Germany
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Social Democratic Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany"},{"link_name":"Parliament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundestag"},{"link_name":"1998","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_German_federal_election"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bundestag-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Official_Biography,_Carsten_Schneider-2"},{"link_name":"Parliamentary State Secretary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_state"},{"link_name":"Chancellor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany"},{"link_name":"Olaf Scholz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_Scholz"},{"link_name":"cabinet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholz_cabinet"},{"link_name":"First Secretary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_whip"},{"link_name":"Andrea Nahles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Nahles"},{"link_name":"Rolf Mützenich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolf_M%C3%BCtzenich"}],"text":"Carsten Schneider (born 23 January 1976) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the German Parliament since 1998.[1][2] Since 2021, he has also been serving as Parliamentary State Secretary for East Germany and Equivalent Living Conditions in Chancellor Olaf Scholz's cabinet.From 2017 until 2021, Schneider was the First Secretary of his party's parliamentary group, in this position assisting the group's successive chairs Andrea Nahles (2017–2019) and Rolf Mützenich (2019–2021).","title":"Carsten Schneider"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Erfurt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erfurt"},{"link_name":"Thuringia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuringia"},{"link_name":"savings bank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_bank"},{"link_name":"alternative civilian service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_civilian_service"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-English_CV-3"}],"text":"After graduating from Wilhelm-Häßler-Gymnasium in Erfurt, Thuringia he accepted a position at an Erfurt savings bank after completing his alternative civilian service in 1998.[3]Schneider has been married since 2003 and has two daughters.","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"SPD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPD"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Young Socialists in the SPD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Socialists_in_the_SPD"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"1998 federal elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_German_federal_election"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Erfurt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erfurt_(electoral_district)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"2005","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_German_federal_election"},{"link_name":"Erfurt – Weimar – Weimarer Land II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erfurt_%E2%80%93_Weimar_%E2%80%93_Weimarer_Land_II"},{"link_name":"rapporteur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapporteur"},{"link_name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_Education_and_Research_(Germany)"},{"link_name":"Office of the Federal President","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundespr%C3%A4sidialamt"},{"link_name":"Seeheim Circle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeheimer_Kreis"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Grand Coalition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_coalition_(Germany)"},{"link_name":"CDU","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_(Germany)"},{"link_name":"CSU","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_of_Bavaria"},{"link_name":"Social Democrats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany"},{"link_name":"2013 federal elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_German_federal_election"},{"link_name":"Wolfgang Schäuble","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble"},{"link_name":"Olaf Scholz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_Scholz"},{"link_name":"Alliance '90/The Greens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_%2790/The_Greens"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"third cabinet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Merkel_cabinet"},{"link_name":"Federal Chancellor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Chancellor_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany"},{"link_name":"Angela Merkel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Merkel"},{"link_name":"Thomas Oppermann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Oppermann"},{"link_name":"BND","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesnachrichtendienst"},{"link_name":"BfV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Office_for_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution"},{"link_name":"MAD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A4rischer_Abschirmdienst"},{"link_name":"European Fiscal Compact","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Fiscal_Compact"},{"link_name":"European Parliament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament"},{"link_name":"Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union"},{"link_name":"2017 election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_German_federal_election"},{"link_name":"First Secretary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_whip"},{"link_name":"Andrea Nahles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Nahles"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Council of Elders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Elders_of_the_Bundestag_(Germany)"},{"link_name":"2021 elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_German_federal_election"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"traffic light coalition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_light_coalition"},{"link_name":"Green Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens"},{"link_name":"Cem Özdemir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cem_%C3%96zdemir"},{"link_name":"Michael Theurer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Theurer"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"Schneider joined the SPD willingly in 1995.[4] He became active in Young Socialists in the SPD and eventually was elected chairman of the Thuringian chapter. Until 2017, he also belonged to the leadership of the SPD in Thuringia.[5]In the 1998 federal elections, at age 22, Schneider became the then-youngest representative in the German Parliament,[6][7] representing Erfurt from 1998 to 2005 and the successor constituency of Erfurt – Weimar – Weimarer Land II since 2005. He was a member of the Budget Committee, where he served as his parliamentary group's rapporteur on the budgets of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Office of the Federal President. He is also a member of the Thuringian SPD parliamentary caucus, of which he became speaker in 2005.In 2012, Schneider was selected as one of three speakers of the Seeheim Circle.[8]In the negotiations to form a Grand Coalition of the Christian Democrats (CDU together with the Bavarian CSU) and the Social Democrats (SPD) following the 2013 federal elections, Schneider was part of the SPD delegation in the working group on financial policies and the national budget, led by Wolfgang Schäuble and Olaf Scholz. He had previously publicly expressed his doubts about the Social Democrats joining a coalition government with the CDU/CSU, having preferred a coalition with the center-left Alliance '90/The Greens.[9]Following the formation of the third cabinet of Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel, Schneider served as deputy chairman of the SPD parliamentary group under the leadership of Thomas Oppermann. He was also the chairman of the so-called Confidential Committee (Vertrauensgremium) of the Budget Committee, which provides budgetary supervision for Germany's three intelligence services, BND, BfV and MAD.In addition, Schneider has been a delegate to the Conference established under Article 13 of the European Fiscal Compact since 2014; this body assembles members of the relevant committees of the European Parliament and national parliaments to discuss economic and fiscal policy and other matters concerning stability, coordination and governance in the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union.Following the 2017 election, Schneider succeeded Christine Lambrecht as First Secretary of the SPD parliamentary group, in this position assisting the group's chairwoman Andrea Nahles.[10] In this capacity, he was also a member of the parliament's Council of Elders, which – among other duties – determines daily legislative agenda items and assigns committee chairpersons based on party representation.Ahead of the 2021 elections, Schneider was elected to lead the SPD campaign in Thuringia for the fourth consecutive time.[11] In the negotiations to form a so-called traffic light coalition of the SPD, the Green Party and the FDP following the elections, he led his party's delegation in the working group on economic policy; his co-chairs from the other parties were Cem Özdemir and Michael Theurer.[12]","title":"Political career"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"In addition to his political work, Schneider holds a number of paid and unpaid positions.","title":"Other activities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"KfW","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KfW"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"sub_title":"Corporate boards","text":"Germany Trade and Invest (GTAI), Ex-Officio Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2022)[13]\nKfW, Member of the Board of Supervisory Directors (since 2010)[14]\nAssociation of Sparda Banks, Member of the Advisory Board\nCNC Communications & Network Consulting, Member of the Board of Experts (since 2009)\nStadtwerke Erfurt, Member of the Supervisory Board (2002-2006)","title":"Other activities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Federal Foundation for the Reappraisal of the SED Dictatorship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Foundation_for_the_Reappraisal_of_the_SED_Dictatorship"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Fraunhofer Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_Society"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Friends of the Bauhaus Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhaus_Museum,_Weimar"},{"link_name":"Federal Financial Supervisory Authority","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Financial_Supervisory_Authority"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bundestag-1"},{"link_name":"Erfurt Cathedral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erfurt_Cathedral"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Bonn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"sub_title":"Non-profit organizations","text":"Federal Foundation for the Reappraisal of the SED Dictatorship, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2022)[15]\nFraunhofer Society, Member of the Senate[16]\nFriends of the Bauhaus Museum, Member of the Board of Trustees\nFederal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin), Alternate Member of the Administrative Council\nGerman-Brazilian Society (DBG), Member of the Board of Trustees (2013-2014)Since 2001, Schneider has acted as chairman for “Erfurt Runs” (Erfurt rennt)[1] a relay race around the Erfurt Cathedral to support tolerance and inclusion.[17] He is also a member of the board of trustees for the Bonn-based Community-Mindedness Campaign.[18]","title":"Other activities"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Political positions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chancellor Angela Merkel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Merkel"},{"link_name":"bailouts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bailout"},{"link_name":"Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece"},{"link_name":"Cyprus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus"},{"link_name":"Ursula von der Leyen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"Cyprus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Norbert Barthle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Barthle"},{"link_name":"Portugal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"sub_title":"Eurozone crisis management","text":"Schneider has been critical of Chancellor Angela Merkel and her policy of bailouts for Greece and Cyprus. In August 2011, he publicly criticized Labor Minister Ursula von der Leyen for demanding collateral from euro-area members needing financial aid.[19]Schneider also criticized a possible bailout that would not punish foreign tax evaders storing their money in Cypriot banks.[20] In April 2013, he helped build support among the SPD parliamentary group for the incumbent center-right government's move to contribute to a 10 billion euros international bailout of Cyprus that included losses for uninsured depositors in two of the island's banks.[21]In 2011, Schneider and his counterpart Norbert Barthle from the Conservative CDU urged Portugal to consider selling some of its gold reserves to ease debt woes[22] and therefore reduce the cost to German taxpayers of bailing it out.[23]","title":"Political positions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Financial Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Times"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"CDU/CSU","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDU/CSU"},{"link_name":"recapitalize","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recapitalization"},{"link_name":"European sovereign-debt crisis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_sovereign-debt_crisis"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"European Commission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commission"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"}],"sub_title":"Banking sector","text":"In an opinion piece for the Financial Times,[24] he expressed doubt in Merkel and the CDU/CSU coalition's plan to begin to recapitalize banks involved in European sovereign-debt crisis, saying:\"A supervisory institution without the authority to wind up failing banks is, in effect, a guarantee of survival for big banks. The ESM would strengthen their capacity to blackmail the public.\"In 2011, Schneider advocated a salary cap of 500,000 euros ($692,400) and a higher tax on bonus payments for bankers whose companies may need government help.[25]On the European Commission’s 2014 proposal for a structural reform of the EU banking sector, Schneider criticized the measures as insufficient and held that \"separating certain risky business, such as credit to hedge funds, from banks' core business is a central lesson from the financial crisis\".[26]","title":"Political positions"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Schneider has been married since 2004. The couple has two children.","title":"Personal life"}]
|
[]
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[{"reference":"\"Deutscher Bundestag: Schneider, Carsten\". Bundestag.de. 16 February 2007. Archived from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130626012249/http://www.bundestag.de/bundestag/abgeordnete17/biografien/S/schneider_carsten.html","url_text":"\"Deutscher Bundestag: Schneider, Carsten\""},{"url":"http://www.bundestag.de/bundestag/abgeordnete17/biografien/S/schneider_carsten.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Official Biography, Carsten Schneider\". Deutscher Bundestag. Archived from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130626012249/http://www.bundestag.de/bundestag/abgeordnete17/biografien/S/schneider_carsten.html","url_text":"\"Official Biography, Carsten Schneider\""},{"url":"http://www.bundestag.de/bundestag/abgeordnete17/biografien/S/schneider_carsten.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Schneider, Carsten. [2. http://www.carsten-schneider.de/cms/fileadmin/dokumente/Lebenslauf-englisch.pdf \"English-language Curriculum Vitae\"] (PDF). Retrieved 24 June 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.carsten-schneider.de/cms/fileadmin/dokumente/Lebenslauf-englisch.pdf","url_text":"http://www.carsten-schneider.de/cms/fileadmin/dokumente/Lebenslauf-englisch.pdf"}]},{"reference":"Schumacher, Claudia (13 September 2009). \"Carsten Schneider: Der Aufstiegsaspirant\". Handelsblatt. Retrieved 24 June 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/kick-it-like-schroeder-carsten-schneider-der-aufstiegsaspirant/3257500.html","url_text":"\"Carsten Schneider: Der Aufstiegsaspirant\""}]},{"reference":"Schneider, Christian (2 June 2012). \"Der Dauerleister\". Die Tageszeitung. Retrieved 24 June 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.taz.de/!94502/","url_text":"\"Der Dauerleister\""}]},{"reference":"Medick, Veit (26 June 2012). \"\"Seeheimer Kreis\": Finanzexperte Schneider soll neuer Sprecher der SPD-Rechten werden\". SPIEGEL ONLINE. Retrieved 24 June 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/spd-pragmatiker-wollen-schneider-als-neuen-sprecher-a-841049.html","url_text":"\"\"Seeheimer Kreis\": Finanzexperte Schneider soll neuer Sprecher der SPD-Rechten werden\""}]},{"reference":"\"Erfurt-Rennt\". Erfurtrennt.de. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130615194905/http://www.erfurtrennt.de/idee.php4","url_text":"\"Erfurt-Rennt\""},{"url":"http://www.erfurtrennt.de/idee.php4","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Höck, Carl-Friedrich (22 March 2013). \"SPD-Haushaltsexperte Carsten Schneider im Interview: \"Zyperns Regierung hat den Ernst der Lage nicht erkannt\"\". Vorwärts. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140202102103/http://www.vorwaerts.de/94060/interview_carsten_schneider_zypern.html;jsessionid=680C841D0D1E04453739FAA4D890E5FC","url_text":"\"SPD-Haushaltsexperte Carsten Schneider im Interview: \"Zyperns Regierung hat den Ernst der Lage nicht erkannt\"\""},{"url":"http://www.vorwaerts.de/94060/interview_carsten_schneider_zypern.html;jsessionid=680C841D0D1E04453739FAA4D890E5FC","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Schneider, Carsten (17 June 2013). \"Europe Remains Open to Bankers' Blackmail\". FT.com. Retrieved 24 June 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7b3bfae2-d75a-11e2-a26a-00144feab7de.html#axzz2X7p2gixJ","url_text":"\"Europe Remains Open to Bankers' Blackmail\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda_Harrison
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Amanda Harrison
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["1 Early years","2 Theatre career","2.1 Theatre Credits","3 Concert","4 Other performances","4.1 Television","4.2 Recordings","5 Awards and nominations","6 References","7 External links"]
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Australian actress and singer
Amanda HarrisonAmanda Harrison in March 2012Background informationBorn (1974-07-22) 22 July 1974 (age 49)Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaGenresMusical TheatreOccupation(s)Singer, actorYears active1997–presentWebsiteamandaharrison.com.auMusical artist
Amanda Harrison is an Australian actress and singer, known for her roles in Wicked (Elphaba), We Will Rock You ("Meat" understudy in the UK, and “Oz" understudy in Australia), and for originating the role of Paula Pokrifki in the world premiere of An Officer and a Gentleman. She has performed in cabaret several times, including her current production Up Close and Reasonably Personal which she is expected to perform at Melbourne Cabaret Festival in June 2014 and recently David Harris, Michael Ball, Lea Salonga and Marie Zamora for Enda Markey Presents Do You Hear The People Sing at Shanghai Grand Theatre. She voiced characters for Get Ace an animation series released in January 2014. She appeared with Mig Ayesa, Michael Falzon and Carly Thomas-Smith for three performances of The Music of Queen - Rock and Symphonic Spectacular. The concert series began on 7 February 2014, at Sydney Opera House supported by the Sydney Symphony Orchestra before three performances in Perth, Western Australia (Joondalup Resort, Riverside Theatre and Boardwalk Theatre) between 13–15 February.
Early years
Harrison grew up in Bangor and attended Menai High School in Sydney's Sutherland Shire. Harrison attended short courses at The Actors Centre and started the Musical Theatre BA at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts (WAAPA) in 1997, but left after only six weeks to take the role of Betty Schaefer in the Original Australian Production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Sunset Boulevard.
In 1993 Harrison graduated from the Talent Development Project – a program aimed at identifying and supporting students with talent and an interest in a career as an entertainer.
Theatre career
Harrison made her professional debut playing Jenny in Aspects of Love. Other theatrical credits include Sunset Boulevard, Les Misérables, The Journey Girl, and as Liza Minnelli in The Boy from Oz with Todd McKenney. For The Production Company, she has appeared in Mame, She Loves Me, Guys and Dolls, and a Green Room nominated performance of Ado Annie in Oklahoma!
In 2001 Harrison moved to London and made her debut in the West End as Ali in Mamma Mia!
She was an Original London Cast member of the Queen and Ben Elton musical We Will Rock You, starring Tony Vincent and Hannah Jane Fox which opened at the Dominion Theatre on 14 May 2002. Harrison understudied the roles of Scaramouche and Meatloaf. She returned to Australia in 2003 for the Australian Tour, which ran from 7 August 2003 – 13 March 2005 in the role of Oz – short for Ozzy Osbourne (formerly Meatloaf in London) The production also starred Michael Falzon as Galileo, Kate Maree Hoolihan as Scaramouche, and Jason Chong– (later Daniel Fletcher) as Brit. For her portrayal of Oz, Harrison was awarded the 2004 Helpmann Award for Best Female Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical.
In 2005 Harrison appeared in Leader of the Pack – The Ellie Greenwich Musical playing Ellie Greenwich, an inspirational songwriter of the 1960s. Her performance was nominated for both Helpmann and Green Room Awards.
Taking over the role from Sophie Katinis, Harrison played Ellen in Miss Saigon for the Brisbane and Sydney seasons in 2007. This production featured David Harris as Chris and Laurie Cadevida as Kim.
In 2008, Harrison originated the role of Elphaba in the Australian production of Wicked which opened in Melbourne at the Regent Theatre. Harrison took a leave of absence from the show in November 2009 citing health and family reasons, with the intention of returning in 2010, however by February the leave would be permanent. For playing the role, Harrison was nominated for Green Room, Helpmann and Sydney Theatre Awards for Best Leading Actress in a Musical.
Harrison appeared as Reno Sweeney in Anything Goes for The Production Company. She starred alongside Todd McKenney (Lord Evelyn Oakleigh), Wayne Scott Kermond (Moonface Martin), Christie Whelan (Erma) and Alex Rathgeber (Billy Crocker). Anything Goes ran from 20 – 24 July 2011 at the State Theatre in The Arts Centre, Melbourne, Victoria.
Harrison originated the role of Paula Pokrifki in the World Premiere of An Officer and a Gentleman at the Sydney Lyric Theatre which ran for six weeks in 2012. Harrison was cast opposite Ben Mingay as Zack May, in a production that included Alex Rathgeber, Kate Kendall, Bert Labonte, Bartholomew John and Tara Morice. Despite its short run (18 May 2012 to 1 July 2012) An Officer and A Gentleman was nominated for five Helpmann Awards and five Theatre People Pro Choice Awards including Best Female Actor in a Musical and Best Actress nominations for Harrison.
Harrison stepped in to sing the role of Anita in The Production Company's 2015 West Side Story, when actor Deone Zanotto suddenly came down with laryngitis. Anita's spoken dialogue was provided by assistant director Natalie Gilhome, while Zanotto continued to provide the physical performance.
Theatre Credits
Production
Role
Company
Location
Date
Aspects of Love
Jenny
Really Useful Productions
Theatre Royal, Sydney, NSW. Comedy Theatre, Melbourne, VIC.
19–29 November 1992
Sunset Boulevard
Betty Schaefer
Really Useful Productions
Regent Theatre, Melbourne, VIC.
26 October 1996 – 6 June 1997
Les Misérables
u/s Eponine
Cameron Mackintosh
Theatre Royal, Sydney, NSW. Princess Theatre, Melbourne, VIC
29 November 1997 – 13 June 1998; 27 June – 25 July 1998
The Journey Girl
Annie
Particular Productions
Athenaeum Theatre Two, Melbourne, VIC.
13 March 1999
Mame
Pegeen Ryan
The Production Company
State Theatre, Melbourne, VIC
1999
The Boy from Oz
Liza Minnelli
Gannon Fox Productions Pty Ltd
Princess Theatre, Melbourne, VIC. Festival Theatre, Adelaide, SA. Burswood Theatre, Perth, WA.
5 January – March 2000
Guys and Dolls
Sarah Brown
The Production Company
State Theatre, Melbourne, VIC.
16 August 2000
Mamma Mia!
Ali
Little Star Services
West End London
19 March 2001 – 16 March 2002
We Will Rock You
u/s Meat
Phil McIntyre Productions
Dominion Theatre, London.
2002
We Will Rock You
Oz
Phil McIntyre, Michael Coppel, Queen, Tribecca
Australia
7 August 2003 – 13 March 2005
Leader of the Pack
Ellie Greenwich
New Theatricals
The Palms at Crown, Southbank, VIC.
12 July – 28 August 2005
Oklahoma!
Ado Annie
The Production Company
State Theatre, Melbourne, VIC.
28 September – 1 October 2005
Boy Band
Ricochet Working Productions
Seymour Downstairs Theatre, Chippendale, NSW,
3–25 March 2006
Miss Saigon
Ellen
Cameron Mackintosh
Brisbane QPAC Lyric Theatre. Sydney Lyric Theatre
20 September – 22 December 2007
Wicked
Elphaba
Wicked Australia
Regent Theatre, Melbourne, VIC. Capitol Theatre, Haymarket, NSW.
2008
Anything Goes
Reno Sweeney
The Production Company, The Arts Centre
State Theatre, Melbourne, VIC
20 – 24 July 2011
An Officer and a Gentleman
Paula
Gordon Frost Organisation
Lyric Theatre, Sydney
18 May-1 July 2012
City of Angels
Donna/Oolie
Life Like Company
Arts Centre Melbourne
2015
The Rocky Horror Show
Magenta/Usherette
GFO
Australian Tour
2018
Evie May
Evie May
Hayes Theatre Co
Hayes Theatre, Potts Point, NSW
2018
Concert
Harrison performed her own cabaret "The Story Goes On" at Statement Lounge Bar, in Sydney from 13 July 2006 to 15 July 2006 describing the show as "... a little tongue-in-cheek, piss-take of my life," Harrison says. "When I was looking at my life trying to make something for this show I I've done some really cool things, but in essence I'm still a really big dag."
With Wicked castmate Lucy Durack, she sang the Australian national anthem Advance Australia Fair at the opening of the AFL Grand Final. Harrison performed the song "One Short Day" with fellow Wicked cast members at the 2008 Melbourne Myer Windows display to kick off the Christmas Parade. On 24 December, Harrison and Durack sang at Vision Australia's Annual Carols by Candlelight Concert at the Sydney Meyer Music Bowl.
On 20 January 2009, Harrison performed at Carnegie Hall as part of Australia Week in "Australia Plays Broadway", where she sang "The Wizard and I" from Wicked, "Arthur's Theme" from The Boy From Oz and "I Still Call Australia Home" alongside Olivia Newton-John, Simon Burke and David Campbell.
For the 2010 Rob Guest Endowment Concert, held on 4 October Harrison sang The Story Goes On.
In conjunction with Sharon Millerchip and Caroline O’Connor, Harrison performed a tribute to JC Williamson Award winners Nancye Hayes AM, Toni Lamond AM and Jill Perryman AM MBE at the 2011 Helpmann Awards.
On 13 February 2011 at the Seymour Centre in Sydney and then on 28 August at the National Theatre in Melbourne, Harrison performed for Hats Off! an annual fundraising concert presented by Oz Showbiz Cares/Equity Fights AIDS (OSCEFA), then in its 12th year. Harrison also performed at the 2012 concert in Sydney on 13 February. Hats Off raises money to support Australians living with HIV.
Martin Crewes performed with Harrison at QPAC Spirit of Christmas on 9–10 December 2011.
Harrison performed as a guest at We Will Rock You castmate Michael Falzon's cabaret "Michael Falzon—Plugged In!" in October 2012
Amanda Harrison – Up Close and Reasonably Personal debuted in The Basement, The Arts Centre Gold Coast, on 20 July 2013 for The Arts Centre Gold Coast and Matt Ward Entertainment. This was followed by a performance at Slide in Sydney on 3 October and 17 January 2014, again in Queensland, at The Powerhouse Theatre, Brisbane. It will also make up part of the Melbourne Cabaret Festival in June 2014. Up Close and Reasonably Personal was written by James Millar in collaboration with Harrison and includes songs from a variety of genres.
Harrison joined Michael Ball, Lea Salonga David Harris, and Marie Zamora for Enda Markey Presents Do You Hear The People Sing at Shanghai Grand Theatre from 27 November until 1 December 2013. Harrison is to rejoin Harris and Ball in Taipei to continue the tour. No further dates are as yet available. Do You Hear The People Sing features the work of Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg including music from Les Misérables and Miss Saigon.
She appeared at Sydney's annual Carols in the Domain on 21 December where she sang Let It Go from Disney's Frozen.
Harrison, along with Mig Ayesa, Michael Falzon and Carly Thomas-Smith headlined six performances of The Music of Queen - Rock and Symphonic Spectacular. The concert series began on 7 February 2014, at Sydney Opera House with two shows following on 8 February, supported by the Sydney Symphony Orchestra. A further three performances in Perth, Western Australia (Joondalup Resort, Riverside Theatre and Boardwalk Theatre) with the Perth Symphony Orchestra followed between 13 and 15 February. All three of the Opera House performances sold out and the Perth shows were at capacity, including an 8000-person event for the City of Joondalup at the Joondalup Resort.
Other performances
Television
In 2000, Harrison performed in Cardiff, Wales as a finalist at the inaugural Voice of Musical Theatre for BBC Radio 2. She was subsequently featured in the BBC documentary about the competition Broadway Babies, which aired throughout the UK and Australia.
Highlights of her year in London's WWRY included performing at Party in the Park at Hyde Park, and again at Buckingham Palace with Queen members Brian May and Roger Taylor for the Jubilee Celebration, 'Party at the Palace'.
Amanda's TV appearances in the UK include Parkinson, Children in Need and guest roles in Oscar Charlie, Grange Hill and Casualty, all for the BBC.
On 27 September 2008, Harrison performed the Australian National Anthem with Wicked co-star Lucy Durack at the 2008 AFL Grand Final.
As part of the cast of We Will Rock You, Harrison performed at the opening of the Australian Rules Football Grand Final, 2003 at the (approx) 90,000 person capacity MCG, and aired nationally on the 10 Network Australia.
Harrisons appearance as part of the 2013 annual Carols in the Domain was telecast nationally via the Seven Network on Saturday 21 December 2013.
She voiced characters for Get Ace, an animation series scheduled for release in January 2014.
Harrison was asked to be one of The 100 judges in the Channel 7 talent show All Together Now aired in 2018
Harrison has a recurring role on Neighbours since 2019 as Angela Lane.
Recordings
Included in internationally released cast recording of We Will Rock You
Featured in promotional release of five songs from An Officer and A Gentleman with Ben Mingay, including
Up Where We Belong, performed by Ben Mingay, Amanda Harrison, Kate Kendall and Alex Rathgeber, and
If You Believe in Love, sung by Amanda Harrison.
I Dreamed A Dream – Hit Songs from Broadway with Michael Falzon; Trisha Crowe; Lucy Maunder; Jacqui Dark; Toni Lamond; Andy Conaghan and the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra released on 21 June 2013 through ABC Classics.
Memory; Cats
Don’t Cry for Me Argentina; Evita
Witches with Lucy Durack; Jemma Rix; Helen Dallimore released on ABC Classics 2018.
Awards and nominations
Year
Award
Category
Production
Role
Result
2004
Helpmann Awards
Best Female Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical
We Will Rock You
Oz
Won
2005
Green Room Awards
Best Leading Actress in a Musical
Leader of the Pack
Ellie Greenwich
Nominated
2005
Green Room Awards
Best Leading Actress in a Musical
Oklahoma
Ado Annie
Nominated
2006
Helpmann Awards
Best Leading Actress in a Musical
Leader of the Pack
Ellie Greenwich
Nominated
2009
Sydney Theatre Awards
Judith Johnson Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Musical
Wicked
Elphaba
Nominated
2009'
Green Room Awards
Best Leading Actress in a Musical
Wicked
Elphaba
Nominated
2009
Helpmann Awards
Best Female Actor in a Musical
Wicked
Elphaba
Nominated
2012
Helpmann Awards
Best Female Actor in a Musical
An Officer and a Gentleman
Paula Pokrifki
Nominated
2012
Theatre People Pro Choice
Best Actress
An Officer and a Gentleman
Paula Pokrifki
Nominated
References
^ a b Simon Parris (14 March 2012). "An Interview with Amanda Harrison and Ben Mingay". Theatre People. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
^ David Allen (21 September 2013). "Amanda Harrison: Wife, Mother, Diva – Up Close and Reasonably Personal". Aussie Theatre. Archived from the original on 23 September 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
^ a b "2014 Melbourne Cabaret Festival". Arts Review. 27 April 2014. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
^ "Do You Hear The People Sing?". Enda Markey Presents. Archived from the original on 23 September 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
^ "Amanda Harrison: Up Close And Reasonably Personal". Arts Hub. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
^ a b Kristy Symonds (8 December 2013). "He Will Rock You". The Sunday Times. p. 97.
^ a b Justin Bianchini (21 November 2013). "Concert will rock resort". Joondalup Weekender. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
^ a b "The Music of Queen – A Rock & Symphonic Spectacular featuring the Perth Symphony Orchestra". Archived from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
^ a b "The Music of Queen". MPAC. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
^ Kevin Sadlier (19 April 2012). "World is a stage for optimist with dreams". Fairfax Media. Retrieved 20 February 2013.
^ a b c Fiona Gruber (11 July 2011). "Wicked star takes a de-lovely turn". The Australian. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
^ "TDP grads steal the limelight in China". Talent Development Project. Archived from the original on 26 January 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
^ "Objectives". Talent Development Project. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
^ a b Clara Iaccarino (10 July 2006). "Amanda Harrison: The Story Goes On". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
^ a b Bernard Zuel (9 October 2004). "We Will Rock You (Preview)". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
^ The Sydney Morning Herald. (24 September 2007). "Miss Saigon". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
^ Troy Dodds (30 December 2009). "Amanda Harrison will return". Aussie Theatre. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
^ Bryce Hallett (9 February 2010). "Wicked effect on star's voice forces her to call it quits". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
^ Sally Bennet (18 July 2011). "Wicked star Amanda Harrison returns in Anything Goes". The Herald Sun. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
^ "An Officer and A Gentleman Musical Cast Announced". Stage Whispers. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
^ "Helpmann Award Nominees 2012". live Performance Australia. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
^ Simon Parris (28 November 2012). "Theatre People Pro Choice 2012 Winners Announced!". Theatre People. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
^ Alison Hilbig (12 July 2015). "Thee Show Must Go on And It Did". Theatre People. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
^ "Aspects of Love". Ovrtur. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
^ a b c d e "Aus Stage Amanda Harrison". AusStage • Researching Australian live performance. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
^ "Leader of the Pack Media Kit" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
^ "Girl of the Week: Amanda Harrison". Broadway is Wicked. Archived from the original on 15 February 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
^ "Mamma Mia – Principal Cast". London Musicals Online. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
^ Matt Wolf (17 May 2002). "We Will Rock You". Variety. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
^ Rebecca-Anne do Rozario. "We Will Rock You (review)". Project Muse. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
^ "They're Only Words". The Age. 16 July 2005. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
^ Jim Murphy (30 September 2005). "Oklahoma!". The Age. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
^ "Boyband returns". Star Observer. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
^ Jack Teiwes (24 September 2007). "Miss Saigon | Cameron Mackintosh". Australian Stage. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^ Stephanie Glickman (22 July 2011). "Anything Goes | The Production Company". Retrieved 5 August 2013.
^ Stephen Drill (27 September 2008). "Stadium rocks to old-style show". Sunday Herald Sun. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
^ "Wrap up – Australia Plays Broadway". American Australian Association. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
^ Karen Jemison (7 October 2010). "Rob Guest Endowment Concert". Theatre People. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
^ Erin James (1 August 2011). "Leadling ladies honoured". Aussie Theatre. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
^ Clint Salter (15 February 2011). "Huge Line up for Hats Off!". Dance Life. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
^ "Hats Off 2011". theatrepeople. 28 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
^ Ron Hughes. "Step Right Up: Hats Off! 2012". Gay News Network. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
^ "Hats Off! 2012" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
^ Sommer Tothill (13 December 2011). "The best way to stage Christmas". Brisbane Times. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
^ AussieTheatre.com.au (15 October 2012). "Special AussieTheatre offer for Michael Falzon concert, Sydney". Aussietheatre.com.au. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
^ Bobbi-Lea Dionysius (10 July 2013). "Amanda Harrison – Up Close and Reasonably Personal". Aussie Theatre. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
^ "Amanda Harrison". Slide. Archived from the original on 3 September 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
^ Cec Busby (17 September 2013). "Queens of Cabaret Land at Slide". Gay News Network. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
^ "Amanda Harrison: Up Close and reasonably Personal". Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
^ David Allen (12 October 2013). "Amanda Harrison: Up Close and Reasonably Personal". Aussie Theatre. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
^ Jacqueline Bublitz (17 September 2013). "Michael Ball and Lea Salonga Headline Do You Hear the People Sing? in Shanghai, 11/27". Broadwayworld.com. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
^ "Enda Markey Presents". Enda Markey Presents. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
^ Lisa Hollinshead (16 December 2013). "Carols in the Domain". Sydney Social. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
^ "Symphonic Queen a hit in Australia". North Street Music. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
^ Tyler Brown (18 February 2014). "Queen spectacular draws 8000". Joondalup Times. Archived from the original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
^ "Wicked Australia". 10 July 2006. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
^ Caroline Wilson (27 July 2003). "We will rock you, says AFL, finally with-it". The Age. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
^ Ed Gibbs. "Carols in The Domain shaping up to be a cracker of a night". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
^ Tanya MacNaughton (5 October 2018). "All Together Now a host of good times for Julia Zemiro". The Eastern Reporter. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
^ "We Will Rock You". The Guide to Musical Theatre. 14 May 2002. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
^ "An Officer and a Gentleman The Musical: Songs for Download". Stage Whispers. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
^ "I Dreamed a Dream: Hit Songs from Broadway". 2013 Universal Music Australia Pty Limited. Archived from the original on 8 October 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
^ "I Dreamed A Dream – Hit Songs of Broadway". ABC. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
^ "Helpmann Awards Winners (2004)". Live Performance Australia. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
^ "Helpmann Award nominees (2006)". Live Performance Australia. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
^ "2009 – Nominations and Winners". Sydney Theatre Awards. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
^ "Green Room Awards Past Recipients (2008)". Green Room Awards. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
^ "Helpmann Award nominees (2009)". Live Performance Australia. Archived from the original on 3 April 2012. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
External links
Official website
Amanda Harrison at IMDb
Wicked, Australia Official website
vteHelpmann Award for Best Female Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical
Nadine Garner (2003)
Amanda Harrison (2004)
Amanda Muggleton (2005)
Christen O'Leary (2006)
Colleen Hewett (2007)
Sharon Millerchip (2008)
Nancye Hayes (2009)
Christina O'Neill (2010)
Esther Hannaford (2011)
Nancye Hayes (2012)
Helen Dallimore (2013)
Heather Mitchell (2014)
Kerrie Anne Greenland (2015)
Elise McCann (2016)
Robyn Nevin (2017)
Amy Lehpamer (2018)
Elaine Crombie (2019)
Authority control databases: Artists
MusicBrainz
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-An_Interview_with_Amanda_Harrison_and_Ben_Mingay-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wife,_Mother,_Diva-2"},{"link_name":"Melbourne Cabaret Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne_Cabaret_Festival"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Melb_Cab_Arts_Rev-3"},{"link_name":"David Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Harris_(Australian_actor)"},{"link_name":"Michael Ball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ball_(singer)"},{"link_name":"Lea Salonga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lea_Salonga"},{"link_name":"Marie Zamora","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Zamora&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Enda Markey Presents","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enda_Markey"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Shanghai Grand Theatre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Grand_Theatre"},{"link_name":"Get Ace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get_Ace"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Arts_Hub-5"},{"link_name":"Mig Ayesa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mig_Ayesa"},{"link_name":"Michael Falzon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Falzon_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Carly Thomas-Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carly_Thomas-Smith&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"The Music of Queen - Rock and Symphonic Spectacular","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Music_of_Queen_-_Rock_and_Symphonic_Spectacular&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-He_Will_Rock_You-6"},{"link_name":"Sydney Opera House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House"},{"link_name":"Sydney Symphony Orchestra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Symphony_Orchestra"},{"link_name":"Perth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-community-7"},{"link_name":"Riverside Theatre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth_Convention_and_Exhibition_Centre"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-perthsymphony-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-manpac-9"}],"text":"Musical artistAmanda Harrison is an Australian actress and singer, known for her roles in Wicked (Elphaba), We Will Rock You (\"Meat\" understudy in the UK, and “Oz\" understudy in Australia), and for originating the role of Paula Pokrifki in the world premiere of An Officer and a Gentleman.[1] She has performed in cabaret several times, including her current production Up Close and Reasonably Personal[2] which she is expected to perform at Melbourne Cabaret Festival in June 2014[3] and recently David Harris, Michael Ball, Lea Salonga and Marie Zamora for Enda Markey Presents Do You Hear The People Sing[4] at Shanghai Grand Theatre. She voiced characters for Get Ace an animation series released in January 2014.[5] She appeared with Mig Ayesa, Michael Falzon and Carly Thomas-Smith for three performances of The Music of Queen - Rock and Symphonic Spectacular.[6] The concert series began on 7 February 2014, at Sydney Opera House supported by the Sydney Symphony Orchestra before three performances in Perth, Western Australia (Joondalup Resort,[7] Riverside Theatre[8] and Boardwalk Theatre)[9] between 13–15 February.","title":"Amanda Harrison"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bangor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangor,_New_South_Wales"},{"link_name":"Menai High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menai_High_School"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Sydney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney"},{"link_name":"Sutherland Shire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutherland_Shire"},{"link_name":"WAAPA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAAPA"},{"link_name":"Sunset Boulevard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(musical)"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wicked_star_takes_a_de-lovely_turn-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"text":"Harrison grew up in Bangor and attended Menai High School[10] in Sydney's Sutherland Shire. Harrison attended short courses at The Actors Centre and started the Musical Theatre BA at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts (WAAPA) in 1997, but left after only six weeks to take the role of Betty Schaefer in the Original Australian Production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Sunset Boulevard.[11]In 1993 Harrison graduated from the Talent Development Project[12] – a program aimed at identifying and supporting students with talent and an interest in a career as an entertainer.[13]","title":"Early years"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Aspects of Love","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspects_of_Love"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wicked_star_takes_a_de-lovely_turn-11"},{"link_name":"Sunset Boulevard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(musical)"},{"link_name":"Les Misérables","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables_(musical)"},{"link_name":"The Boy from Oz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boy_from_Oz"},{"link_name":"The Production Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Production_Company"},{"link_name":"Mame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mame_(musical)"},{"link_name":"She Loves Me","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She_Loves_Me"},{"link_name":"Guys and Dolls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guys_and_Dolls"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Amanda_Harrison:_The_Story_Goes_On-14"},{"link_name":"Oklahoma!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma!"},{"link_name":"Mamma Mia!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamma_Mia!_(musical)"},{"link_name":"Queen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_(band)"},{"link_name":"Ben Elton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Elton"},{"link_name":"We Will Rock You","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Will_Rock_You_(musical)"},{"link_name":"Tony Vincent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Vincent"},{"link_name":"Hannah Jane Fox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannah_Jane_Fox"},{"link_name":"Dominion Theatre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_Theatre"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bernard_Zuel-15"},{"link_name":"Michael Falzon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Falzon_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Kate Maree Hoolihan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kate_Maree_Hoolihan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Jason Chong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Chong"},{"link_name":"Daniel Fletcher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Fletcher_(actor)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bernard_Zuel-15"},{"link_name":"Helpmann Award for Best Female Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helpmann_Award_for_Best_Female_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role_in_a_Musical"},{"link_name":"Leader of the Pack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_Pack_(musical)"},{"link_name":"Sophie Katinis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Katinis"},{"link_name":"Miss Saigon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Saigon"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Laurie Cadevida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_Cadevida"},{"link_name":"Elphaba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elphaba"},{"link_name":"Wicked","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicked_(musical)"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Anything Goes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anything_Goes"},{"link_name":"The Production Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Production_Company"},{"link_name":"Todd McKenney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_McKenney"},{"link_name":"Wayne Scott Kermond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Scott_Kermond"},{"link_name":"Christie Whelan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christie_Whelan"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wicked_star_Amanda_Harrison_returns_in_Anything_Goes-19"},{"link_name":"The Arts Centre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Arts_Centre"},{"link_name":"An Officer and a Gentleman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Officer_and_a_Gentleman_(musical)"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-An_Officer_and_A_Gentleman_Musical_Cast_Announced-20"},{"link_name":"Sydney Lyric Theatre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyric_Theatre,_Sydney"},{"link_name":"Ben Mingay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Mingay"},{"link_name":"Alex Rathgeber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Rathgeber"},{"link_name":"Kate Kendall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Kendall"},{"link_name":"Bert Labonte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert_Labonte"},{"link_name":"Bartholomew John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholomew_John"},{"link_name":"Tara Morice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara_Morice"},{"link_name":"Helpmann Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helpmann_Awards"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"The Production Company's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Production_Company"},{"link_name":"West Side Story","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Side_Story"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"Harrison made her professional debut playing Jenny in Aspects of Love.[11] Other theatrical credits include Sunset Boulevard, Les Misérables, The Journey Girl, and as Liza Minnelli in The Boy from Oz with Todd McKenney. For The Production Company, she has appeared in Mame, She Loves Me, Guys and Dolls,[14] and a Green Room nominated performance of Ado Annie in Oklahoma!In 2001 Harrison moved to London and made her debut in the West End as Ali in Mamma Mia!She was an Original London Cast member of the Queen and Ben Elton musical We Will Rock You, starring Tony Vincent and Hannah Jane Fox which opened at the Dominion Theatre on 14 May 2002. Harrison understudied the roles of Scaramouche and Meatloaf. She returned to Australia in 2003 for the Australian Tour, which ran from 7 August 2003 – 13 March 2005[15] in the role of Oz – short for Ozzy Osbourne (formerly Meatloaf in London) The production also starred Michael Falzon as Galileo, Kate Maree Hoolihan as Scaramouche, and Jason Chong– (later Daniel Fletcher) as Brit.[15] For her portrayal of Oz, Harrison was awarded the 2004 Helpmann Award for Best Female Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical.In 2005 Harrison appeared in Leader of the Pack – The Ellie Greenwich Musical playing Ellie Greenwich, an inspirational songwriter of the 1960s. Her performance was nominated for both Helpmann and Green Room Awards.Taking over the role from Sophie Katinis, Harrison played Ellen in Miss Saigon[16] for the Brisbane and Sydney seasons in 2007. This production featured David Harris as Chris and Laurie Cadevida as Kim.In 2008, Harrison originated the role of Elphaba in the Australian production of Wicked which opened in Melbourne at the Regent Theatre. Harrison took a leave of absence from the show in November 2009 citing health and family reasons, with the intention of returning in 2010,[17] however by February the leave would be permanent.[18] For playing the role, Harrison was nominated for Green Room, Helpmann and Sydney Theatre Awards for Best Leading Actress in a Musical.Harrison appeared as Reno Sweeney in Anything Goes for The Production Company. She starred alongside Todd McKenney (Lord Evelyn Oakleigh), Wayne Scott Kermond (Moonface Martin), Christie Whelan (Erma) and Alex Rathgeber (Billy Crocker).[19] Anything Goes ran from 20 – 24 July 2011 at the State Theatre in The Arts Centre, Melbourne, Victoria.Harrison originated the role of Paula Pokrifki in the World Premiere of An Officer and a Gentleman[20] at the Sydney Lyric Theatre which ran for six weeks in 2012. Harrison was cast opposite Ben Mingay as Zack May, in a production that included Alex Rathgeber, Kate Kendall, Bert Labonte, Bartholomew John and Tara Morice. Despite its short run (18 May 2012 to 1 July 2012) An Officer and A Gentleman was nominated for five Helpmann Awards[21] and five Theatre People Pro Choice Awards[22] including Best Female Actor in a Musical and Best Actress nominations for Harrison.Harrison stepped in to sing the role of Anita in The Production Company's 2015 West Side Story, when actor Deone Zanotto suddenly came down with laryngitis. Anita's spoken dialogue was provided by assistant director Natalie Gilhome, while Zanotto continued to provide the physical performance.[23]","title":"Theatre career"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Theatre Credits","title":"Theatre career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Amanda_Harrison:_The_Story_Goes_On-14"},{"link_name":"Lucy Durack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Durack"},{"link_name":"Advance Australia Fair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance_Australia_Fair"},{"link_name":"AFL Grand Final","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFL_Grand_Final"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"Vision Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_Australia"},{"link_name":"Carnegie Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Hall"},{"link_name":"Olivia Newton-John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John"},{"link_name":"Simon Burke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Burke"},{"link_name":"David Campbell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Campbell_(Australian_musician)"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"Rob Guest Endowment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rob_Guest_Endowment&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"Sharon Millerchip","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharon_Millerchip"},{"link_name":"Caroline O’Connor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_O%27Connor_(actress)"},{"link_name":"JC Williamson Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JC_Williamson_Award"},{"link_name":"Nancye Hayes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancye_Hayes"},{"link_name":"AM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Australia"},{"link_name":"Toni Lamond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni_Lamond"},{"link_name":"Jill Perryman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Perryman"},{"link_name":"Helpmann Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helpmann_Awards"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"Hats Off!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hats_Off!&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"},{"link_name":"Martin Crewes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Crewes"},{"link_name":"QPAC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QPAC"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"Michael Falzon's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Falzon_(actor)"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"The Arts Centre Gold Coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Arts_Centre_Gold_Coast"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"},{"link_name":"Brisbane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Melb_Cab_Arts_Rev-3"},{"link_name":"James Millar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Millar_(Australian_actor)"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"},{"link_name":"Michael Ball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ball_(singer)"},{"link_name":"Lea Salonga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lea_Salonga"},{"link_name":"David Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Harris_(australian_actor)"},{"link_name":"Marie Zamora","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Zamora&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Enda Markey Presents","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enda_Markey"},{"link_name":"Shanghai Grand Theatre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Grand_Theatre"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-51"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"},{"link_name":"Alain Boublil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Boublil"},{"link_name":"Claude-Michel Schönberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude-Michel_Sch%C3%B6nberg"},{"link_name":"Les Misérables","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables_(musical)"},{"link_name":"Miss Saigon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Saigon"},{"link_name":"Carols in the Domain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carols_in_the_Domain"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"},{"link_name":"Disney's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney"},{"link_name":"Mig Ayesa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mig_Ayesa"},{"link_name":"Michael Falzon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Falzon_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Carly Thomas-Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carly_Thomas-Smith&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"The Music of Queen - Rock and Symphonic Spectacular","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Music_of_Queen_-_Rock_and_Symphonic_Spectacular&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-He_Will_Rock_You-6"},{"link_name":"Sydney Opera House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House"},{"link_name":"Sydney Symphony Orchestra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Symphony_Orchestra"},{"link_name":"Perth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-community-7"},{"link_name":"Riverside Theatre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth_Convention_and_Exhibition_Centre"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-perthsymphony-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-manpac-9"},{"link_name":"Perth Symphony Orchestra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth_Symphony_Orchestra"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55"}],"text":"Harrison performed her own cabaret \"The Story Goes On\" at Statement Lounge Bar, in Sydney from 13 July 2006 to 15 July 2006 describing the show as\"... a little tongue-in-cheek, piss-take of my life,\" Harrison says. \"When I was looking at my life trying to make something for this show I [realised] I've done some really cool things, but in essence I'm still a really big dag.\"[14]With Wicked castmate Lucy Durack, she sang the Australian national anthem Advance Australia Fair at the opening of the AFL Grand Final.[36] Harrison performed the song \"One Short Day\" with fellow Wicked cast members at the 2008 Melbourne Myer Windows display to kick off the Christmas Parade. On 24 December, Harrison and Durack sang at Vision Australia's Annual Carols by Candlelight Concert at the Sydney Meyer Music Bowl.On 20 January 2009, Harrison performed at Carnegie Hall as part of Australia Week in \"Australia Plays Broadway\", where she sang \"The Wizard and I\" from Wicked, \"Arthur's Theme\" from The Boy From Oz and \"I Still Call Australia Home\" alongside Olivia Newton-John, Simon Burke and David Campbell.[37]For the 2010 Rob Guest Endowment Concert, held on 4 October Harrison sang The Story Goes On.[38]In conjunction with Sharon Millerchip and Caroline O’Connor, Harrison performed a tribute to JC Williamson Award winners Nancye Hayes AM, Toni Lamond AM and Jill Perryman AM MBE at the 2011 Helpmann Awards.[39]On 13 February 2011 at the Seymour Centre in Sydney[40] and then on 28 August at the National Theatre in Melbourne, Harrison performed for Hats Off! an annual fundraising concert presented by Oz Showbiz Cares/Equity Fights AIDS (OSCEFA),[41] then in its 12th year. Harrison also performed at the 2012 concert in Sydney on 13 February.[42][43] Hats Off raises money to support Australians living with HIV.Martin Crewes performed with Harrison at QPAC Spirit of Christmas on 9–10 December 2011.[44]Harrison performed as a guest at We Will Rock You castmate Michael Falzon's cabaret \"Michael Falzon—Plugged In!\"[45] in October 2012Amanda Harrison – Up Close and Reasonably Personal debuted in The Basement, The Arts Centre Gold Coast, on 20 July 2013 for The Arts Centre Gold Coast and Matt Ward Entertainment.[46] This was followed by a performance at Slide in Sydney on 3 October[47][48] and 17 January 2014, again in Queensland, at The Powerhouse Theatre, Brisbane.[49] It will also make up part of the Melbourne Cabaret Festival in June 2014.[3] Up Close and Reasonably Personal was written by James Millar in collaboration with Harrison and includes songs from a variety of genres.[50]Harrison joined Michael Ball, Lea Salonga David Harris, and Marie Zamora for Enda Markey Presents Do You Hear The People Sing at Shanghai Grand Theatre from 27 November until 1 December 2013.[51] Harrison is to rejoin Harris and Ball in Taipei to continue the tour. No further dates are as yet available.[52] Do You Hear The People Sing features the work of Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg including music from Les Misérables and Miss Saigon.She appeared at Sydney's annual Carols in the Domain on 21 December[53] where she sang Let It Go from Disney's Frozen.Harrison, along with Mig Ayesa, Michael Falzon and Carly Thomas-Smith headlined six performances of The Music of Queen - Rock and Symphonic Spectacular.[6] The concert series began on 7 February 2014, at Sydney Opera House with two shows following on 8 February, supported by the Sydney Symphony Orchestra. A further three performances in Perth, Western Australia (Joondalup Resort,[7] Riverside Theatre[8] and Boardwalk Theatre)[9] with the Perth Symphony Orchestra followed between 13 and 15 February. All three of the Opera House performances sold out and the Perth shows were at capacity,[54] including an 8000-person event for the City of Joondalup at the Joondalup Resort.[55]","title":"Concert"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Other performances"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cardiff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff"},{"link_name":"Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales"},{"link_name":"BBC Radio 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_2"},{"link_name":"BBC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC"},{"link_name":"Broadway Babies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_Babies"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Amanda_Harrison_Bio-56"},{"link_name":"Buckingham Palace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace"},{"link_name":"Brian May","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_May"},{"link_name":"Roger Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Meddows-Taylor"},{"link_name":"Grange Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grange_Hill"},{"link_name":"Casualty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualty_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Lucy Durack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Durack"},{"link_name":"Australian Rules Football Grand Final","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFL_Grand_Final"},{"link_name":"MCG","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCG"},{"link_name":"10 Network Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Ten"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-57"},{"link_name":"Seven Network","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Network"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-58"},{"link_name":"Get Ace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get_Ace"},{"link_name":"Channel 7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_7_Australia"},{"link_name":"All Together Now","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Together_Now_(2018_Australian_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"}],"sub_title":"Television","text":"In 2000, Harrison performed in Cardiff, Wales as a finalist at the inaugural Voice of Musical Theatre for BBC Radio 2. She was subsequently featured in the BBC documentary about the competition Broadway Babies, which aired throughout the UK and Australia.[56]\nHighlights of her year in London's WWRY included performing at Party in the Park at Hyde Park, and again at Buckingham Palace with Queen members Brian May and Roger Taylor for the Jubilee Celebration, 'Party at the Palace'.\nAmanda's TV appearances in the UK include Parkinson, Children in Need and guest roles in Oscar Charlie, Grange Hill and Casualty, all for the BBC.\nOn 27 September 2008, Harrison performed the Australian National Anthem with Wicked co-star Lucy Durack at the 2008 AFL Grand Final.\nAs part of the cast of We Will Rock You, Harrison performed at the opening of the Australian Rules Football Grand Final, 2003 at the (approx) 90,000 person capacity MCG, and aired nationally on the 10 Network Australia.[57]\nHarrisons appearance as part of the 2013 annual Carols in the Domain was telecast nationally via the Seven Network on Saturday 21 December 2013.[58]\nShe voiced characters for Get Ace, an animation series scheduled for release in January 2014.\nHarrison was asked to be one of The 100 judges in the Channel 7 talent show All Together Now aired in 2018[59]\nHarrison has a recurring role on Neighbours since 2019 as Angela Lane.","title":"Other performances"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"We Will Rock You","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Will_Rock_You_(The_Original_London_Cast_Recording)"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-60"},{"link_name":"Kate Kendall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Kendall"},{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-61"},{"link_name":"Michael Falzon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Falzon_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Trisha Crowe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisha_Crowe"},{"link_name":"Lucy Maunder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Maunder"},{"link_name":"Jacqui Dark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqui_Dark"},{"link_name":"Toni Lamond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni_Lamond"},{"link_name":"Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanian_Symphony_Orchestra"},{"link_name":"ABC Classics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_Classics"},{"link_name":"[62]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-62"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-63"},{"link_name":"Lucy Durack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Durack"},{"link_name":"Jemma Rix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemma_Rix"},{"link_name":"Helen Dallimore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Dallimore"},{"link_name":"ABC Classics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_Classics"}],"sub_title":"Recordings","text":"Included in internationally released cast recording of We Will Rock You[60]\nFeatured in promotional release of five songs from An Officer and A Gentleman with Ben Mingay, includingUp Where We Belong, performed by Ben Mingay, Amanda Harrison, Kate Kendall and Alex Rathgeber, and\nIf You Believe in Love, sung by Amanda Harrison.[61]I Dreamed A Dream – Hit Songs from Broadway with Michael Falzon; Trisha Crowe; Lucy Maunder; Jacqui Dark; Toni Lamond; Andy Conaghan and the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra released on 21 June 2013 through ABC Classics.[62]Memory; Cats[63]\nDon’t Cry for Me Argentina; EvitaWitches with Lucy Durack; Jemma Rix; Helen Dallimore released on ABC Classics 2018.","title":"Other performances"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Awards and nominations"}]
|
[]
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[{"reference":"Simon Parris (14 March 2012). \"An Interview with Amanda Harrison and Ben Mingay\". Theatre People. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130922213510/http://theatrepeople.com.au/features/interview-amanda-harrison-and-ben-mingay","url_text":"\"An Interview with Amanda Harrison and Ben Mingay\""},{"url":"http://theatrepeople.com.au/features/interview-amanda-harrison-and-ben-mingay","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"David Allen (21 September 2013). \"Amanda Harrison: Wife, Mother, Diva – Up Close and Reasonably Personal\". Aussie Theatre. Archived from the original on 23 September 2013. 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original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120403191013/http://www.helpmannawards.com.au/default.aspx?s=nominees&year=2009&cid=3","external_links_name":"\"Helpmann Award nominees (2009)\""},{"Link":"http://www.helpmannawards.com.au/default.aspx?s=nominees&year=2009&cid=3","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://amandaharrison.com.au/","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1544247/","external_links_name":"Amanda Harrison"},{"Link":"http://www.wickedthemusical.com.au/","external_links_name":"Wicked, Australia"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/artist/46cb9181-a084-4960-b46b-92ed0b75ec05","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_downloadable_songs_for_Rocksmith
|
List of downloadable songs for Rocksmith
|
["1 References"]
|
Rocksmith supports a DLC store where users may purchase new songs, in-game pedals, and in-game amplifiers. Bass guitar functionality was added to the North American version of the game via downloadable content on August 14, 2012. All DLC songs are forward-compatible with Rocksmith 2014, but DLC songs released on or after October 22, 2013, are compatible only with Rocksmith 2014 and will not play on the original version of Rocksmith.
As of March 31, 2020, 1,447 additional songs have been made available as DLC, 1,444 of which are available to purchase and download from the Rocksmith store. The three songs no longer available for download for users who don't already own them are those included in the "Holiday 3-Song Pack".
Almost all songs are available to buy individually. Songs by the same artist are often available as "Song Packs", which include three or more songs, for a discounted price.
The final DLC to be released was released in March 2020, as Ubisoft San Francisco transitioned to a new project. As of November 2021, the DLC for the original Rocksmith is slowly getting removed from digital storefronts as the licensing agreements for the songs expire.
Song
Artist(s)
Release year
Tuning
US Pack
EU Pack
US Release Date
EU Release Date
"Bodysnatchers"
Radiohead
2007
Drop D - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
Rock Hits 1
—
November 1, 2011
September 28, 2012
"Tighten Up"
Black KeysThe Black Keys
2010
E Standard
—
January 8, 2013
"Free Bird"
Lynyrd Skynyrd
1973
Classic Rock Pack
October 17, 2012
"Smoke on the Water"
Deep Purple
1973
Rock Hits 70s
November 15, 2011
"More than a Feeling"
Boston
1976
"Jessica"
Allman Brothers BandThe Allman Brothers Band
1973
The Allman Brothers Band 3-Song Pack
November 27, 2012
"Cousins"
Vampire Weekend
2010
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm/Bass; Capo Required - Alt. Bass
Rock Hits 2
Alternative Rock
November 29, 2011
November 13, 2012
"20th Century Boy"
T. Rex
1973
E Standard: A443
—
September 28, 2012
"I Hate Everything About You"
Three Days Grace
2004
Drop D
Metal Rock Pack
December 11, 2012
"Symphony of Destruction"
Megadeth
1992
E Standard
Megadeth 3-Song Pack
December 13, 2011
September 28, 2012
"Hangar 18"
1990
E Standard - Lead/Alt. Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"Public Enemy No. 1"
2011
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
December 11, 2012
"Carol of the Bells"
Seth Chapla
E Standard
Holiday 3-Song Pack
December 20, 2011
December 18, 2012
"God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen"
Brian Adam McCune
"We Three Kings"
Versus Them
"Mind Eraser"
Black KeysThe Black Keys
The Black Keys 3-Song Pack
December 27, 2011
November 27, 2012
"Gold on the Ceiling"
Drop D - Lead;
E Standard - Bass
November 27, 2012
"Just Got to Be"
2006
E Standard - Lead; Capo Required - Rhythm
November 27, 2012
"(Don't Fear) The Reaper"
Blue Öyster Cult
1976
E Standard
Blue Öyster Cult 3-Song Pack
January 17, 2012
October 17, 2012
"Space Oddity"
David Bowie
1969
Rock Hits 60s-70s
—
November 27, 2012
"Barracuda"
Heart
1977
Classic Rock Pack
October 17, 2012
"Jeremy"
Pearl Jam
1991
Pearl Jam 3-Song Pack
February 7, 2012
November 27, 2012
"Black"
December 18, 2012
"Dammit"
Blink-182
1997
Blink-182 3-Song Pack
February 21, 2012
September 28, 2012
"All The Small Things"
2000
"What's My Age Again?"
1999
"Kryptonite"
3 Doors Down
2000
3 Doors Down 3-Song Pack
—
March 6, 2012
"Loser"
Alternative Pack
November 27, 2012
"When I'm Gone"
2002
"Thrill Is GoneThe Thrill is Gone"
B.B. King
1969
Blues Hits
—
March 20, 2012
September 28, 2012
"Born Under a Bad Sign"
Albert King with Stevie Ray Vaughan
1983
—
October 17, 2012
"Soul Man"
Blues BrothersThe Blues Brothers
1978
Classic Rock Pack
"Bring Me to Life"
Evanescence
2003
Rock Hits 3
Metal Rock Pack
April 3, 2012
December 11, 2012
"Pumped Up Kicks"
Foster the People
2011
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm/Bass; Capo Required - Alt. Lead
—
September 28, 2012
"This Love"
Maroon 5
2002
E Standard
—
October 17, 2012
"Breaking the Law"
Judas Priest
1980
Judas Priest 3-Song Pack
April 17, 2012
December 11, 2012
"Living After Midnight"
"Painkiller"
1990
"Roxanne"
PoliceThe Police
1978
The Police 3-Song Pack
May 1, 2012
October 17, 2012
"Message in a Bottle"
1979
"Synchronicity II"
1983
"Gone Away"
OffspringThe Offspring
1997
The Offspring 3-Song Pack
May 15, 2012
November 27, 2012
"Come Out and Play (Keep 'Em Separated)"
1994
"Self Esteem"
1994
"Planetary (GO!)"
My Chemical Romance
2011
My Chemical Romance 3-Song Pack
May 29, 2012
October 17, 2012
"Welcome to the Black Parade"
2006
"Na Na Na (Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na)"
2010
"Keep Yourself Alive"
Queen
1973
Queen 5-Song Pack
June 12, 2012
"Bohemian Rhapsody"
1975
"Fat Bottomed Girls"
1978
Drop D - Lead/Bass; Drop D: A445 - Alt. Lead
"Killer Queen"
1974
E Standard
"Stone Cold Crazy"
"Godzilla"
Blue Öyster Cult
1977
Blue Öyster Cult 3-Song Pack
June 26, 2012
"My Sharona"
KnackThe Knack
1979
Rock Hits 4
—
"Hit Me with Your Best Shot"
Pat Benatar
1980
—
September 28, 2012
"Redneck"
Lamb of God
2006
Drop D
Rock Hits 5
2000 Rock Hits 01
July 10, 2012
December 11, 2012
"I Believe in a Thing Called Love"
DarknessThe Darkness
2003
E Standard
October 17, 2012
"Paralyzer"
Finger Eleven
2006
"My Girl"
TemptationsThe Temptations
1964
Soul Hits
—
July 24, 2012
"(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay"
Otis Redding
1967
Classic Rock Pack
"What's Going On"
Marvin Gaye
1971
—
"Born on the Bayou"
Creedence Clearwater Revival
1969
Rock Hits 60s
—
August 21, 2012
December 18, 2012
"In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida"
Iron Butterfly
1968
—
January 8, 2013
"Whipping Post"
Allman Brothers BandThe Allman Brothers Band
1969
The Allman Brothers Band 3-Song Pack
"Mississippi Queen"
Mountain
1970
Rock Hits 70s 2
—
September 4, 2012
November 27, 2012
"Drift Away"
Dobie Gray
1972
—
"Man Who Sold the WorldThe Man Who Sold the World"
David Bowie
1970
—
"We're Not Gonna Take It"
Twisted Sister
1984
Rock Hits 80s
—
September 18, 2012
"Final CountdownThe Final Countdown"
Europe
1986
—
"Is This Love"
Whitesnake
1987
—
"Caring Is Creepy"
ShinsThe Shins
2001
Indie Rock Hits
—
October 2, 2012
October 3, 2012
"Bright Lights"
Gary Clark Jr.
2010
—
"Paris (Ooh La La)"
Grace Potter and the Nocturnals
—
"Beast and the Harlot"
Avenged Sevenfold
2005
Drop D
Avenged Sevenfold 3-Song Pack
Metal Rock Pack
October 30, 2012
"Afterlife"
2007
"Nightmare"
2010
"Limelight"
Rush
1981
E Standard
Rush 5-Song Pack
November 13, 2012
"Red Barchetta"
"Tom Sawyer"
"YYZ"
"Subdivisions"
1982
"Headlong Flight"
2012
—
—
"Give Up the Funk (Tear the Roof off the Sucker)"
Parliament
1976
Funk Hits
—
November 27, 2012
"Good Times"
Chic
1979
—
"Super Freak"
Rick James
1981
—
"Cowboys from Hell"
Pantera
1990
Pantera 3-Song Pack
December 4, 2012
"Domination"
"Walk"
1992
Drop D
"How You Remind Me"
Nickelback
2001
Nickelback 3-Song Pack
December 11, 2012
"Rockstar"
2006
E Standard
"Bottoms Up"
2011
Drop D
"Best of You"
Foo Fighters
2005
E Standard
Foo Fighters 5-Song Pack
December 18, 2012
"My Hero"
1998
"Times Like These"
2003
"Walk"
2011
"Wheels"
2009
"Black Magic Woman/Gypsy Queen"
Santana
1970
Santana 3-Song Pack
January 8, 2013
"Oye Como Va"
"Smooth"
Santana feat. Rob Thomas
1999
"Cliffs of Dover"
Eric Johnson
1990
Rock Hits 90s
January 15, 2013
"No Rain"
Blind Melon
1992
"Alive"
Pearl Jam
1991
Pearl Jam 3-Song Pack
"Juicebox"
StrokesThe Strokes
2006
The Strokes 3-Song Pack
January 22, 2013
"Last Nite"
2001
"Reptilia"
2003
"American Woman"
Guess WhoThe Guess Who
1970
Rock Hits 60s-70s 2
January 29, 2013
"Born to Be Wild"
Steppenwolf
1968
"Surrender"
Cheap Trick
1978
"America's Suitehearts"
Fall Out Boy
2008
Drop D
Fall Out Boy 5-Song Pack
February 5, 2013
"Dance, Dance"
2005
E Standard
"I Don't Care"
2008
E Standard
"Sugar, We're Goin Down"
2005
Drop D
"Thnks fr th Mmrs"
2007
Drop D
"London Calling"
ClashThe Clash
1979
E Standard
The Clash 3-Song Pack
February 12, 2013
"Guns of Brixton"
"Should I Stay or Should I Go"
1982
"Black Betty"
Ram Jam
1977
Rock Hits 70s-80s
February 19, 2013
"Carry On Wayward Son"
Kansas
1976
"You've Got Another Thing Comin'"
Judas Priest
1982
"Wish You Were Here"
Incubus
2001
Incubus 3-Song Pack
February 26, 2013
"Anna Molly"
2006
"Love Hurts"
2008
"Burnin' For You"
Blue Öyster Cult
1981
Blue Öyster Cult 3-Song Pack
March 5, 2013
"Blister in the Sun"
Violent Femmes
1983
Rock Hits 80s 2
"Cult of Personality"
Living Colour
1988
"Lovesong"
CureThe Cure
1989
The Cure 3-Song Pack
March 19, 2013
"Just Like Heaven"
1987
"End of the WorldThe End of the World"
2004
E Standard: A445 - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D: A445 - Bass
"Have You Ever Seen the Rain?"
Creedence Clearwater Revival
1970
E Standard
Rock Hits 70s 2
April 2, 2013
"Southbound"
Allman Brothers BandThe Allman Brothers Band
1973
The Allman Brothers Band 3-Song Pack
"Ballroom Blitz"
Sweet
Rock Hits 70s 2
"Get Free"
VinesThe Vines
2002
Rock Hits 00s
April 16, 2013
"Good Left UndoneThe Good Left Undone"
Rise Against
2007
E♭ Standard
"Float On"
Modest Mouse
2004
E Standard
"White Wedding"
Billy Idol
1982
Rock Hits 80s 3
April 30, 2013
"Eye of the Tiger"
Survivor
"Here Comes Your Man"
PixiesPixies
1989
"Misery"
Maroon 5
2010
Maroon 5 3-Song Pack
May 14, 2013
"Harder to Breathe"
2002
"She Will Be Loved"
E Standard - Lead/Alt.Lead; Drop D - Bass
"Call Me"
Blondie
1980
E Standard
Rock Hits 80s 4
May 28, 2013
"867-5309/Jenny"
Tommy Tutone
1982
"Jessie's Girl"
Rick Springfield
1981
"25 or 6 to 4"
Chicago
1970
—
October 22, 2013
"Sky Is CryingThe Sky Is Crying"
Albert King
1969
—
"Cherub Rock"
Smashing PumpkinsThe Smashing Pumpkins
1993
—
"Elephant"
Tame Impala
2012
D Standard
—
"Mind Eraser, No Chaser"
Them Crooked Vultures
2009
E Standard
—
"Hate to Say I Told You So"
HivesThe Hives
2000
—
"My God Is the Sun"
Queens of the Stone Age
2013
—
"Ho Hey"
LumineersThe Lumineers
2012
—
"1979"
Smashing PumpkinsThe Smashing Pumpkins
1996
E♭ Standard
The Smashing Pumpkins 5-Song Pack
October 29, 2013
"Tonight, Tonight"
"Today"
1993
E Standard
"Disarm"
1994
"Bullet with Butterfly Wings"
1995
E♭ Standard
"Aces High"
Iron Maiden
1984
E Standard
Iron Maiden 5-Song Pack
November 5, 2013
"2 Minutes to Midnight"
"Fear of the Dark"
1993
"Number of the BeastThe Number of the Beast"
1982
"Run to the Hills"
"Thrill"
Hotei
1995
Hotei 3-Song Pack
"Battle Without Honor or Humanity"
2003
"Bambina"
1999
"Check My Brain"
Alice in Chains
2009
E♭ Standard - Lead/Rhythm; E♭ Drop D♭ - Bass
Alice in Chains 5-Song Pack
November 12, 2013
"Hollow"
2012
E♭ Drop D♭
"Man in the Box"
1991
E♭ Standard
"Them Bones"
1992
E♭ Drop D♭
"Would?"
E♭ Standard
"American Idiot"
Green Day
2004
E Standard
Green Day 3-Song Pack
November 19, 2013
"Basket Case"
1994
E♭ Standard
"Oh Love"
2012
E Standard
"Easy Come, Easy Go!"
B'z
1990
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
B'z 3-Song Pack
"Giri Giri chop"
1999
E Standard
"juice"
2000
"My Iron Lung"
Radiohead
1994
EGDGBD - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
Radiohead 5-Song Pack
November 26, 2013
"Creep"
1992
E Standard
"Karma Police"
1997
"Optimistic"
2000
DADFCd - Lead; Drop D - Rhythm/Bass
"Just"
1995
E Standard
"Baba O'Riley"
WhoThe Who
1971
E Standard: A454
The Who 5-Song Pack
December 3, 2013
"Behind Blue Eyes"
E Standard: A447
"Who Are You"
1978
E Standard
"Pinball Wizard"
1969
"The Seeker"
1970
"Liar"
One Ok Rock
2010
E♭ Drop D♭
—
"NO SCARED"
One Ok Rock
2011
—
"Yasashiku Naritai"
Kazuyoshi Saito
E♭ Drop D♭ - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
—
"Down with the Sickness"
Disturbed
1999
E♭ Drop D♭
Disturbed 3-Song Pack
December 10, 2013
"Voices"
2000
"Asylum"
2010
E♭ Standard
"Hysteria"
Muse
2003
E Standard
Muse 5-Song Pack
December 17, 2013
"Time Is Running Out"
"Supermassive Black Hole"
2006
"Stockholm Syndrome"
2003
Drop D
"Muscle Museum"
1999
E Standard
"Memeshikute"
Golden Bomber
2009
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Bass - C# Standard
Golden Bomber 3-Song Pack
"Earphone"
2012
E♭ Standard
"Death Mental"
E Standard
"Same Old Song and Dance"
Aerosmith
1974
Aerosmith 5-Song Pack
January 7, 2014
"Sweet Emotion"
1975
"Legendary Child"
2012
"Dream On"
1973
E Standard: A444
"Oh Yeah"
2012
E Standard
"Live Forever"
Oasis
1994
E Standard: A449
Oasis 5-Song Pack
January 14, 2014
"Supersonic"
E Standard
"Champagne Supernova"
1995
E Standard: A443
"Some Might Say"
E Standard: A450
"Wonderwall"
Capo Required - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Atarashii Hikari"
9mm Parabellum Bullet
2011
Drop D
—
"Punishment"
2007
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
—
"Buddy Holly"
Weezer
1994
E♭ Standard
Weezer 5-Song Pack
January 21, 2014
"My Name Is Jonas"
"Island in the Sun"
2001
E Standard
"Undone (The Sweater Song)"
1994
E♭ Standard
"Hash Pipe"
2001
E Standard
"Aerials"
System of a Down
2002
D Drop C
System of a Down 3-Song Pack
January 28, 2014
"B.Y.O.B."
2004
E♭ Drop D♭
"Toxicity"
2002
D Drop C
"From Noon Till Dawn"
Straightener
2012
E♭ Standard
—
February 4, 2014
"ROCKSTEADY"
2002
—
"Everybody Hurts"
R.E.M.
1992
E Standard
R.E.M. 5-Song Pack
"Shiny Happy People"
1991
"The One I Love"
1987
"What's the Frequency, Kenneth?"
1994
"Überlin"
2011
D Standard
"Detroit Rock City"
Kiss
1976
E♭ Standard
Kiss 3-Song Pack
February 11, 2014
"Heaven's On Fire"
1984
E Standard: A431
"I Was Made for Lovin' You"
1979
E Standard
"Shinsekai"
ACIDMAN
2013
—
February 18, 2014
"stupid"
BirthdayThe Birthday
2006
E♭ Standard
—
"PARADOX Taiso"
RIZE
2008
—
"Give It All"
Rise Against
2004
Rise Against 5-Song Pack
"Swing Life Away"
"Make It Stop"
2011
"Satellite"
"Prayer of the Refugee"
2006
"Light My Fire"
DoorsThe Doors
1967
E Standard: A425
The Doors 3-Song Pack
February 25, 2014
"Riders on the Storm"
1971
E Standard
"Roadhouse Blues"
1970
"Don't Look Back"
Boston
1978
Boston 3-Song Pack
March 4, 2014
"Foreplay/Long Time"
1976
"Hitch a Ride"
"Crazy on You"
Heart
Female Lead Singles
March 11, 2014
"Love Bites (So Do I)"
Halestorm
2012
Drop D
"All Around Me"
Flyleaf
2005
"It's Complicated"
A Day to Remember
2010
Drop D♭
A Day to Remember 5-Song Pack
March 18, 2014
"If It Means a Lot to You"
2009
D Standard - Lead/Rhythm; D Drop C
"All I Want"
2010
D Drop C
"The Downfall of Us All"
2009
"All Signs Point to Lauderdale"
2010
"Unwell"
Matchbox Twenty
2002
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D
Matchbox Twenty 5-Song Pack
March 25, 2014
"She's So Mean"
2012
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D
"How Far We've Come"
2007
E Standard
"Push"
1996
E♭ Standard
"3AM"
Capo Required
"Totalimmortal"
AFI
1999
E Standard
AFI 4-Song Pack
April 1, 2014
"Silver and Cold"
2003
E♭ Standard
"Miss Murder"
2006
"Girl's Not Grey"
2003
"Subterranean Homesick Blues"
Bob Dylan
1965
E Standard
Bob Dylan 3-Song Pack
April 8, 2014
"Like a Rolling Stone"
"Just Like a Woman"
1966
E Standard - Lead/Bass; Capo Required
"I Think I'm Paranoid"
Garbage
1998
E Standard - Lead; Drop D
Garbage 3-Song Pack
April 15, 2014
"Only Happy When it Rains"
1995
E Standard
"Stupid Girl"
1996
"Father of Mine"
Everclear
1997
90s Rock Singles
April 22, 2014
"Tomorrow"
Silverchair
1994
"Two Princes"
Spin Doctors
1991
"Blackbird"
Alter Bridge
2007
E♭ Standard - Lead / E♭ Drop D♭
Alter Bridge 4-Song Pack
April 29, 2014
"Isolation"
2010
D Drop C
"Rise Today"
2007
Drop D
"Ties That Bind"
D Standard
"Amber"
311
2002
E Standard
311 3-Song Pack
May 6, 2014
"Down"
1995
"Beautiful Disaster"
1997
"Colony of Birchmen"
Mastodon
2006
D Standard
Mastodon 3-Song Pack
May 13, 2014
"Oblivion"
2009
D Drop C
"Black Tongue"
2011
D Standard
"Stickshifts and Safetybelts"
Cake
1996
E Standard
Cake 5-Song Pack
May 20, 2014
"Short Skirt/Long Jacket"
2001
"Never There"
1998
"I Will Survive"
1996
"The Distance"
1997
"You're a Lie"
Slash
2012
E♭ Standard
Slash 3-Song Pack
May 27, 2014
"Back from Cali"
2010
E Standard
"Anastasia"
2012
E♭ Standard
"Fat Lip"
Sum 41
2001
Drop D
Sum 41 5-Song Pack
June 3, 2014
"In Too Deep"
E Standard
"The Hell Song"
2002
"Still Waiting"
"We're All to Blame"
2004
E♭ Standard
"Funk #49"
James Gang
1970
E Standard
Classic Singles
June 10, 2014
"Ain't No Sunshine"
Bill Withers
1971
"Sweet Dreams"
Roy Buchanan
1972
"Awake"
Godsmack
2000
D Drop C
Godsmack 5-Song Pack
June 17, 2014
"I Stand Alone"
2002
"Love-Hate-Sex-Pain"
2010
Drop D
"Cryin' Like a Bitch"
2010
"Voodoo"
1999
"Walk Don't Run"
VenturesThe Ventures
1960
E Standard
Surf Rock 3-Song Pack
June 24, 2014
"Wipe Out"
SurfarisThe Surfaris
1963
"Misirlou"
Dick Dale
1962
"Devil in a Midnight Mass"
Billy Talent
2006
Drop D
Billy Talent 5-Song Pack
July 1, 2014
"Fallen Leaves"
2006
"Red Flag"
2006
"Try Honesty"
2003
"Viking Death March"
2012
"Can't Stand Me Now"
LibertinesThe Libertines
2004
E Standard
The Libertines 3-Song Pack
July 8, 2014
"Don't Look Back into the Sun"
2003
"What Katie Did"
2004
"Be Quiet and Drive (Far Away)"
Deftones
1998
E♭ Drop D♭
Deftones 4-Song Pack
July 15, 2014
"Change (In the House of Flies)"
2000
D Drop C
"Digital Bath"
2001
"Hole in the Earth"
2006
Drop D
"China Grove"
Doobie BrothersThe Doobie Brothers
1973
E Standard
Yacht Rock Singles
July 22, 2014
"Escape (The Piña Colada Song)"
Rupert Holmes
1979
"Hold the Line"
Toto
1978
"I Keep Forgettin' (Every Time You're Near)"
Michael McDonald
1982
"Kiss On My List"
Daryl Hall and John Oates
1981
"Laid to Rest"
Lamb of God
2004
Drop D
Lamb of God 3-Song Pack
July 29, 2014
"Walk With Me in Hell"
2006
"Ghost Walking"
2012
E♭ Drop D♭
"Black Chandelier"
Biffy Clyro
2013
Biffy Clyro 5-Song Pack
August 5, 2014
"Bubbles"
2009
E♭ Standard
"Many of Horror"
2009
E♭ Drop D♭
"Mountains"
2009
"Stingin' Belle"
2013
D Drop C
"Don't Speak"
No Doubt
1996
E Standard
No Doubt 3-Song Pack
August 12, 2014
"Ex-Girlfriend"
1999
"Spiderwebs"
1995
"Hungry Like the Wolf"
Duran Duran
1982
Duran Duran 3-Song Pack
August 19, 2014
"Rio"
1982
"Ordinary World"
1992
"Rondo alla Turca"
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1783
Bachsmith 5-Song Pack
August 26, 2014
"Moonlight Sonata: Adagio Sostenuto"
Ludwig van Beethoven
1801
"In the Hall of the Mountain King"
Edvard Grieg
1867
""Little" Fugue in G minor"
Johann Sebastian Bach
1707
E Standard - Lead/Bass/Alt. Bass; Drop D - Rhythm
"Ride of the Valkyries"
Richard Wagner
1856
E Standard
"Caress Me Down"
Sublime
1996
Sublime 5-Song Pack
September 2, 2014
"Santería"
"What I Got"
"Wrong Way"
"Smoke Two Joints"
1992
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"Highway Star"
Deep Purple
1972
E Standard
70s Rock Singles
September 9, 2014
"Simple Man"
Lynyrd Skynyrd
1976
E♭ Standard
"Stranglehold"
Ted Nugent
1975
E Standard
"Higher"
Creed
1999
Drop D
Creed 5-Song Pack
September 16, 2014
"My Own Prison"
1997
"My Sacrifice"
2001
Custom (DADADd) - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"One Last Breath"
2001
Drop D
"With Arms Wide Open"
1999
"45"
Shinedown
2003
E Standard
Shinedown 5-Song Pack
September 23, 2014
"Bully"
2012
E♭ Drop D♭
"Enemies"
2012
D Drop C
"Second Chance"
2008
E Standard - Lead/Bass; Capo Required - Rhythm
"Sound of Madness"
2009
Drop D
"Cold as Ice"
Foreigner
1977
E Standard
Foreigner 5-Song Pack
September 30, 2014
"Double Vision"
1978
"Feels Like the First Time"
1977
"Hot Blooded"
1978
"Juke Box Hero"
1981
"Be Yourself"
Audioslave
2005
Capo required - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
Audioslave 5-Song Pack
October 7, 2014
"Cochise"
2002
E Standard
"I Am the Highway"
"Like a Stone"
"Show Me How to Live"
Drop D
"Blue Orchid"
White StripesThe White Stripes
2005
E Standard
The White Stripes 5-Song Pack
October 14, 2014
"Fell in Love With a Girl"
2002
"Seven Nation Army"
2003
Open A Lead; E Standard - Rhythm/Bass
"The Hardest Button to Button"
2003
E Standard
"You Don't Know What Love Is (You Just Do as You're Told)"
2007
"Holy Diver"
Dio
1983
Arena Rock Singles
October 21, 2014
"Seventeen"
Winger
1988
E♭ Standard
"Turn Up the Radio"
Autograph
1984
"The Stroke"
Billy Squier
1981
E Standard
"Nothin' but a Good Time"
Poison
1988
E♭ Standard
"Runaways"
KillersThe Killers
2012
The Killers 5-Song Pack
October 28, 2014
"Spaceman"
2008
E Standard
"Somebody Told Me"
2004
E♭ Standard
"When You Were Young"
2006
"Mr. Brightside"
2004
"The End of Heartache"
Killswitch Engage
2004
D Drop C
Killswitch Engage 3-Song Pack
November 4, 2014
"Holy Diver" (Dio cover)
2007
"My Curse"
2006
"American Girl"
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
1977
E Standard
Tom Petty 5-Song Pack
November 11, 2014
"Learning to Fly"
1991
"Refugee"
1980
"Free Fallin'"
Tom Petty
1989
E Standard - Lead/Bass; Capo Required - Alt. Lead/Rhythm
"I Won't Back Down"
1989
Open G - Lead; E Standard - Alt. Lead/Rhythm/Bass
"Learn to Fly"
Foo Fighters
1999
E Standard
Foo Fighters II 5-Song Pack
November 18, 2014
"Long Road to Ruin"
2007
"Monkey Wrench"
1997
Drop D
"The Pretender"
2007
E Standard
"Rope"
2011
"Hand of Blood"
Bullet for My Valentine
2005
D Drop C
Bullet for My Valentine 5-Song Pack
November 25, 2014
"Hearts Burst into Fire"
2008
"Tears Don't Fall"
2006
D Drop C; D Standard - Bass
"Your Betrayal"
2010
D Drop C
"Scream Aim Fire"
2007
D Standard
"Blaze of Glory"
Jon Bon Jovi
1991
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D
Bon Jovi 5-Song Pack
December 2, 2014
"It's My Life"
Bon Jovi
2000
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; D Drop C
"Livin' on a Prayer"
1986
E Standard
"Wanted Dead or Alive"
1986
"You Give Love a Bad Name"
1986
"Bombtrack"
Rage Against the Machine
1991
Rage Against the Machine 7-Song Pack
December 9, 2014
"Know Your Enemy"
"Killing in the Name"
Drop D
"Wake Up"
1992
"Bulls on Parade"
1996
E♭ Standard
"Down Rodeo"
1996
E Standard
"Renegades of Funk"
2000
Drop D
"Bold as Love"
Jimi Hendrix ExperienceThe Jimi Hendrix Experience
1967
E♭ Standard
Jimi Hendrix 12-Song Pack
December 16, 2014
"Castles Made of Sand"
E Standard: A428
"Fire"
E Standard
"Foxy Lady"
"If 6 Was 9"
E♭ Standard: A431
"Little Wing"
E♭ Standard
"Manic Depression"
E♭ Standard: A447
"Purple Haze"
E Standard
"The Wind Cries Mary"
1967
"Red House"
1966
E♭ Standard
"Freedom"
1971
"Voodoo Child (Slight Return)"
1968
E♭ Standard: A437
"Bleed It Out"
Linkin Park
2007
Drop D
Linkin Park 6-Song Pack
January 6, 2015
"Guilty All the Same"
2014
"In The End"
2000
E♭ Drop D♭
"Numb"
2003
"One Step Closer"
2000
"What I've Done"
2007
Drop D
"Black Hole Sun"
Soundgarden
1994
Drop D: A455
Soundgarden 5-Song Pack
January 13, 2015
"Fell on Black Days"
1994
E Standard
"Jesus Christ Pose"
1991
Drop D
"Pretty Noose"
1996
Custom Tuning (CGCGGE)
"Spoonman"
1994
Drop D
"Rainbow in the Dark"
Dio
1983
E Standard
Classic Riff Singles
January 20, 2015
"Ace of Spades"
Motörhead
1980
E♭ Standard
"Rock and Roll, Hoochie Koo"
Rick Derringer
1973
E Standard: A446
"Renegade"
Styx
1978
E Standard
"Cherry Pie"
Warrant
1990
"Animal I Have Become"
Three Days Grace
2006
D Drop C
Three Days Grace 5-Song Pack
January 27, 2015
"Break"
2009
Drop D
"Just Like You"
2003
E♭ Drop D♭
"Never Too Late"
2006
Drop D
"Riot"
2006
D Drop C
"Amanda"
Boston
1986
E Standard - Lead/Alt. Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
Power Ballad Singles
February 3, 2015
"Every Rose Has Its Thorn"
Poison
1988
E♭ Standard
"More Than Words"
Extreme
1990
"Don't Know What You Got (Till It's Gone)"
Cinderella
1988
E Standard
"Love Song"
Tesla
1989
"Remedy"
Seether
2005
E♭ Drop D♭
Seether 3-Song Pack
February 10, 2015
"Fake It"
2007
D Drop C
"Broken"
Seether feat. Amy Lee
2002
E♭ Standard
"Jane Says"
Jane's Addiction
1987
E Standard
Jane's Addiction 5-Song Pack
February 17, 2015
"Mountain Song"
1988
"Been Caught Stealing"
1990
"Just Because"
2003
E♭ Standard
"SuperHero"
2003
Custom Tuning (F Standard)
"Last Resort"
Papa Roach
2000
Drop D
Papa Roach 3-Song Pack
February 24, 2015
"Scars"
2004
E♭ Drop D♭
"Getting Away With Murder"
2004
D Drop C
"Just What I Needed"
CarsThe Cars
1978
E Standard
The Cars 5-Song Pack
March 3, 2015
"Good Times Roll"
"Bye Bye Love"
"You're All I've Got Tonight"
"Let's Go"
1979
"Hallelujah"
Jeff Buckley
1994
Capo Required - Lead; E Standard - Rhythm/Bass
Jeff Buckley 3-Song Pack
March 10, 2015
"Grace"
1994
Drop D
"Last Goodbye"
1994
Open G - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"Alternative Ulster"
Stiff Little Fingers
1979
E Standard
Shamrock 5-Song Pack
March 17, 2015
"Zombie"
CranberriesThe Cranberries
1994
"Drunken Lullabies"
Flogging Molly
2002
"I'm Shipping Up to Boston"
Dropkick Murphys
2005
"Becoming a Jackal"
Villagers
2010
"Madhouse"
Anthrax
1985
Anthrax 4-Song Pack
March 24, 2015
"Caught in a Mosh"
1987
"Indians"
1987
"Got the Time"
1990
"Stonehenge"
Spinal Tap
1984
Spinal Tap 5-Song Pack
March 31, 2015
"Tonight I'm Gonna Rock You Tonight"
"Sex Farm"
"Big Bottom"
"Gimme Some Money"
"Comedown"
Bush
1994
Bush 4-Song Pack
April 7, 2015
"Everything Zen"
1994
"Glycerine"
1994
"Swallowed"
1996
"The Boys Are Back In Town"
Thin Lizzy
1976
E♭ Standard
Thin Lizzy 3-Song Pack
April 14, 2015
"Jailbreak"
1976
"Dancing in the Moonlight (It's Caught Me in Its Spotlight)"
1977
E Standard
"Feel the Pain"
Dinosaur Jr.
1994
Capo Required - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
Alternative Rock Singles
April 21, 2015
"My Own Worst Enemy"
Lit
1999
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; E♭ Standard - Bass
"Hemorrhage (In My Hands)"
Fuel
2000
E♭ Standard
"Ocean Avenue"
Yellowcard
2003
Drop D
"Through Glass"
Stone Sour
2006
E♭ Standard
"Thunderhorse"
Dethklok
2007
C Standard
Dethklok 3-Song Pack
April 28, 2015
"Awaken"
"Go into the Water"
"Spoonful"
Howlin’ Wolf
1960
E Standard: A446
Blues Song Pack
May 5, 2015
"Boom Boom"
John Lee Hooker
1967
E Standard
"Hide Away"
Freddie King
1961
"Ain’t No Love In The Heart Of The City"
Bobby "Blue" Bland
1974
"Be Careful with a Fool"
Johnny Winter
1969
"Two Weeks"
All That Remains
2008
C♯ Standard
All That Remains Song Pack
May 12, 2015
"Six"
2006
D Standard
"This Calling"
2006
"Angel of Death"
Slayer
1986
E♭ Standard
Slayer 5-Song Pack
May 19, 2015
"Dead Skin Mask"
1990
"Raining Blood"
1986
"Seasons in the Abyss"
1990
"South of Heaven"
1988
"Lovely Day"
Bill Withers
1977
E Standard
Love Singles Song Pack
May 26, 2015
"Friday I'm in Love"
Cure The Cure
1992
E Standard: A456 - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D: A456 - Bass
"For the Love of God"
Steve Vai
1990
E Standard
"3's and 7's"
Queens of the Stone Age
2007
C Standard
Queens of the Stone Age 5-Song Pack
June 2, 2015
"I Appear Missing"
2013
E Standard
"Little Sister"
2004
"Make It wit Chu"
2007
"No One Knows"
2002
C Standard
"Rock This Town"
Brian Setzer
2010
E Standard
Rockabilly Song Pack
June 9, 2015
"Blue Suede Shoes"
Carl Perkins
1956
"Be-Bop-A-Lula"
Gene Vincent and His Blue Caps
1956
"Hello Mary Lou (Goodbye Heart)"
Ricky Nelson
1961
"Crazy Little Thing Called Love"
Queen
1979
"Balls to the Wall"
Accept
1984
E Standard: A446
Player Picks Song Pack
June 16, 2015
"Frankenstein"
Edgar Winter Group
1973
E Standard
"All Right Now"
Free
1970
"Modern Day Cowboy"
Tesla
1987
"Jerry Was a Race Car Driver"
Primus
1991
Primus Song Pack
June 23, 2015
"South Park Theme"
1997
"Tommy the Cat"
1991
"Wynona's Big Brown Beaver"
1995
"I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry"
Hank Williams
1949
Classic Country Song Pack
June 30, 2015
"King of the Road"
Roger Miller
1965
"On the Road Again"
Willie Nelson
1980
"A Warrior's Call"
Volbeat
2011
D Standard
Volbeat Song Pack
July 7, 2015
"Fallen"
2010
"Heaven Nor Hell"
2010
"Lola Montez"
2013
"Still Counting"
2012
"Call Me the Breeze"
Lynyrd Skynyrd
1974
E Standard
Lynyrd Skynyrd Song Pack
July 14, 2015
"Gimme Three Steps"
1973
"Tuesday's Gone"
1973
"Another One Bites the Dust"
Queen
1980
Regal Singles Song Pack
July 21, 2015
"Silent Lucidity"
Queensrÿche
1991
E Standard - Lead/RhythmDrop D
"Sir Duke"
Stevie Wonder
1977
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm/Bass; E♭ Standard
"Rock & Roll Queen"
SubwaysThe Subways
2005
E♭ Standard
"Possum Kingdom"
Toadies
1995
E Standard
"Digging the Grave"
Faith No More
1995
Faith No More Song Pack
July 28, 2015
"Epic"
1990
"Falling to Pieces"
1990
"From Out of Nowhere"
1989
"Midlife Crisis"
1992
"Rock around the Clock"
Bill Haley & His Comets
1954
50's Singles
August 4, 2015
"Tequila"
ChampsThe Champs
1958
"La Bamba"
Ritchie Valens
1958
"Bad Luck"
Social Distortion
1992
E♭ Standard
Social Distortion Song Pack
August 11, 2015
"Ball and Chain"
1990
"Reach for the Sky"
2004
E♭ Standard Capo Required ; E♭ Standard - Bass
"Story of My Life"
1990
E♭ Standard
"Rock of Ages"
Def Leppard
1983
E Standard
Hit Singles Song Pack
August 18, 2015
"Go Your Own Way"
Fleetwood Mac
1976
E Standard - Lead/Bass; Capo Required
"Are You Gonna Be My Girl"
Jet
2003
E Standard
"Dust in the Wind"
Kansas
1978
"Love Spreads"
Stone RosesThe Stone Roses
1994
Open D: A443 ; Drop D: A443 ; D Standard: A443
The Stone Roses 3 Song Pack
August 25, 2015
"She Bangs the Drums"
1989
E Standard
"I Wanna Be Adored"
1989
"Sing a Song"
Earth, Wind & Fire
1975
Earth, Wind & Fire 3 Song Pack
September 1, 2015
"Shining Star"
1975
"September"
1978
"Dirty Little Secret"
All-American RejectsThe All-American Rejects
2005
E Standard - Lead/Bass; Capo Required
The All-American Rejects 3 Song Pack
September 8, 2015
"Gives You Hell"
2008
E Standard
"Move Along"
2006
E♭ Standard
"Break On Through (To the Other Side)"
DoorsThe Doors
1967
E Standard
The Doors 3 Song Pack II
September 15, 2015
"L.A. Woman"
1971
"People Are Strange"
1967
E Standard: A445
"Blow Me Away"
Breaking BenjaminBreaking Benjamin
2011
D Drop C
Breaking Benjamin Song Pack
September 22, 2015
"Polyamorous"
2002
E♭ Drop D♭
"So Cold"
2004
D Drop C
"Okay I Believe You, But My Tommy Gun Don't"
Brand New
2003
E♭ Drop D♭
Brand New Song Pack
September 29, 2015
"The Quiet Things That No One Ever Knows"
2003
E♭ Standard
"Sic Transit Gloria... Glory Fades"
2003
"Sloe Gin"
Joe Bonamassa
2007
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm;
Drop D
Blues Rock Song Pack
October 6, 2015
"Blue on Black"
Kenny Wayne Shepherd
1998
Drop D ; E Standard -Rhythm/Bass
"Out Of My Mind"
Philip Sayce
2014
E♭ Standard
"Strutter"
Kiss
1974
Kiss Song Pack 2
October 13, 2015
"Love Gun"
1977
"God of Thunder"
1976
"Dear Maria, Count Me In"
All Time Low
2007
Drop D
All Time Low Song Pack
October 20, 2015
"Somewhere in Neverland"
2012
E♭ Drop D♭ - Lead/Rhythm; E♭ Standard
"Weightless"
2009
Drop D
"Devil on My Shoulder"
Billy Talent
2009
Drop D
Spooktacular Singles
October 27, 2015
"Hocus Pocus"
Focus
1971
E Standard
"Killed by Death"
Motörhead
1984
E♭ Standard
"Dead Man's Party"
Oingo Boingo
1986
E Standard
"Ziggy Stardust"
David Bowie
1972
Hit Singles II Song Pack
November 3, 2015
"Hysteria"
Def Leppard
1987
"Slow Ride"
Foghat
1975
Open E / E Standard - Rhythm/Bass
"Joker and the Thief"
Wolfmother
2006
Drop D
"Fall Back Down"
Rancid
2003
Capo Required ; E Standard - Bass
Rancid 4 Song Pack
November 10, 2015
"Maxwell Murder"
1995
E Standard
"Ruby Soho"
1995
"Time Bomb"
1995
"Ode to Joy"
Ludwig van Beethoven
1824
Bachsmith 2 5-Song Pack
November 17, 2015
"Funeral March"
Frédéric Chopin
1839
"The Can-Can"
Jacques Offenbach
1858
"Notecracker Medley"
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
1892
"Symphony No. 40"
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1788
"Howlin' for You"
Black KeysThe Black Keys
2011
The Black Keys 5-Song Pack
November 24, 2015
"Little Black Submarines"
2012
"Lonely Boy"
2011
"thickfreakness"
2003
"Your Touch"
2006
"Awake And Alive"
Skillet
2009
Drop D
Skillet 3-Song Pack
December 1, 2015
"Hero"
2009
E♭ Drop D♭
"Monster"
2009
D Drop C
"Joy to the World"
Band of Merrymakers
1836
E Standard
—
"Must Be Christmas"
Band of Merrymakers
1998
—
"Master Exploder"
Tenacious D
2006
Tenacious D 3-Song Pack
December 8, 2015
"The Metal"
2006
Drop D
"Tribute"
2002
E Standard
"Dr. Feelgood"
Mötley Crüe
1989
D Standard
Mötley Crüe 5-Song Pack
December 15, 2015
"Home Sweet Home"
1985
"Kickstart My Heart"
1989
"Girls Girls Girls"
1987
"Shout At The Devil"
1983
"Big Empty"
Stone Temple Pilots
1994
E Standard
Stone Temple Pilots 6-Song Pack
December 22, 2015
"Creep"
1993
"Interstate Love Song"
1994
"Plush"
1993
"Sex Type Thing"
1993
"Wicked Garden"
1992
"Heat Of The Moment"
Asia
1982
Hit Singles III 4-Song Pack
January 5, 2016
"Closing Time"
Semisonic
1998
"Play That Funky Music"
Wild Cherry
1976
"Woman"
Wolfmother
2005
"Closer to the Edge"
Thirty Seconds to Mars
2010
E♭ Standard
Thirty Seconds to Mars 5-Song Pack
January 12, 2016
"From Yesterday"
2006
D Drop C
"The Kill"
2006
E Standard
"Kings and Queens"
2009
E♭ Standard
"This is War"
2010
E♭ Standard – Lead/Rhythm; E♭ Drop D♭ – Bass
"A Tout Le Monde"
Megadeth
1994
E♭ Standard
Megadeth Song Pack II
January 19, 2016
"Holy Wars… The Punishment Due"
1990
E Standard
"Peace Sells"
1986
"Tornado Of Souls"
1990
"Trust"
1997
"Caught Up In You"
38 Special
1982
38 Special 3-Song Pack
January 26, 2016
"Hold On Loosely"
1981
"Rockin’ Into The Night"
1980
"All I Want"
OffspringThe Offspring
1996
The Offspring II 5-Song Pack
February 2, 2016
"Pretty Fly (For a White Guy)"
1998
"The Kids Aren’t Alright"
1998
"Want You Bad"
2000
"You're Gonna Go Far Kid"
2008
"You Make My Dreams"
Hall & Oates
1981
Valentine's Day 4-Song Pack
February 9, 2016
"All for You"
Sister Hazel
1997
E♭ Standard (Capo Required) - Lead/Rhythm; E♭ Standard - Bass
"Kiss Me"
Sixpence None the Richer
1998
E Standard (Capo Required) - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Rosanna"
Toto
1982
E Standard
"The Outsider"
A Perfect Circle
2003
C♯ Standard
Hit Singles 4 4-Song Pack
February 16, 2016
"Long Train Runnin"
Doobie BrothersThe Doobie Brothers
1973
E Standard
"Working For The Weekend"
Loverboy
1981
"Badfish"
Sublime
1993
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D
"Dead!"
My Chemical Romance
2006
E Standard
My Chemical Romance II 5-Song Pack
February 23, 2016
"Famous Last Words"
2006
"Helena"
2004
"I'm Not Okay (I Promise)"
2004
"Teenagers"
2007
"A Knife In The Dark"
Howard Shore
2005
Drop D
Rocksmith Goes to the Movies 5-Song Pack
March 1, 2016
"Back to the Future"
Alan Silvestri
1985
E Standard
"Batman - Theme"
Danny Elfman
1989
E Standard / Alt. Lead
"Superman - Main Title"
John Williams
1978
E Standard
"Jurassic Park - Theme"
John Williams
1993
E Standard - Lead; Drop D - Rhythm/Bass
"Take It Off"
DonnasThe Donnas
2002
E Standard
Women Who Rock 5-Song Pack
March 8, 2016
"I'm So Sick"
Flyleaf
2006
Drop D
"Celebrity Skin"
Hole
1998
E Standard
"Heaven Knows"
Pretty RecklessThe Pretty Reckless
2013
"Cherry Bomb"
RunawaysThe Runaways
1976
"December"
Collective Soul
1995
Collective Soul 5-Song Pack
March 15, 2016
"Gel"
1995
"Heavy"
1999
E♭ Standard
"Shine"
1992
E♭ Drop D♭ - Lead/Bass; E♭ Standard
"The World I Know"
1995
E Standard
"Demons"
Imagine Dragons
2013
E♭ Standard
Imagine Dragons 3-Song Pack
March 22, 2016
"It's Time"
2012
E Standard
"Radioactive"
2012
"My Best Friend's Girl"
CarsThe Cars
1978
Hit Singles V 4-Song Pack
March 29, 2016
"Free Ride"
Edgar Winter
1972
"The Reason"
Hoobastank
2003
"Summertime Blues"
Eddie Cochran
1958
"Stillborn"
Black Label Society
2003
E♭ Standard
Black Label Society Song Pack
April 5, 2016
"Suicide Messiah"
2005
D Drop C
"Overlord"
2010
D Standard
"Indestructible"
Disturbed
2008
Drop C
Disturbed Song Pack II
April 12, 2016
"Inside the Fire"
"The Night"
"Stricken"
2005
"Ten Thousand Fists"
E♭ Drop D♭
"Girl U Want"
Devo
1980
E Standard
80's Mix Pack
April 19, 2016
"Play with Me"
Extreme
1989
E♭ Standard
"Electric Eye"
Judas Priest
1982
E Standard
"Legend of the Spaceborne Killer"
Crobot
2014
E♭ Drop D♭
Crobot 3-Song Pack
April 26, 2016
"Fly on the Wall"
E♭ Standard
"Nowhere to Hide"
"Audience of One"
Rise Against
2008
Rise Against II Song Pack
May 3, 2016
"Help Is on the Way"
2011
"Paper Wings"
2004
"Ready to Fall"
2006
"Re-Education (Through Labor)"
2008
"Nemesis"
Arch Enemy
2005
C Standard
Variety Song Pack I
May 10, 2016
"Hair of the Dog"
Nazareth
1975
E Standard
"Little Talks"
Of Monsters and Men
2011
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm/Bass; Capo Required
"Peaches"
Presidents of the United States of AmericaThe Presidents of the United States of America
1995
E♭ Drop D♭
"Jet City Woman"
Queensrÿche
1990
E Standard
Queensrÿche Song Pack
May 17, 2016
"Eyes of a Stranger"
1988
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D -Bass
"I Don't Believe in Love"
Drop D
"The Red"
Chevelle
2002
C♯ Standard
Chevelle Song Pack
May 24, 2016
"Hats Off to the Bull"
2011
D Drop C
"Vitamin R (Leading Us Along)"
2004
C♯ Drop B - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"Santa Monica"
Everclear
1995
E Standard
90s Mix Song Pack
May 31, 2016
"Hey Man Nice Shot"
Filter
Drop D
"Beer"
Reel Big Fish
E Standard
"The Anthem"
Good Charlotte
2002
E♭ Standard/E♭ Drop D♭ (Rhythm)
Good Charlotte Song Pack
June 7, 2016
"Girls & Boys"
E♭ Standard
"I Just Wanna Live"
2004
"Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous"
2002
E♭ Drop D♭
"The River"
2007
E♭ Standard
"Save Tonight"
Eagle-Eye Cherry
1997
E Standard
Variety Song Pack II
June 14, 2016
"The Gambler"
Kenny Rogers
1978
Capo Required ; E Standard - Bass
"Under Pressure"
Queen and David Bowie
1982
E Standard
"Right Now"
SR-71
2000
E♭ Standard
"Drive"
Incubus
1999
E Standard
Incubus Pack II
June 21, 2016
"Megalomaniac"
2004
"Pardon Me"
1999
"Stellar"
"The Star-Spangled Banner/4th of July Reprise"
Boston
1994
Independence Day Song Pack
June 28, 2016
"Only in America"
Brooks & Dunn
2001
"American Pie"
Don McLean
1971
"Living in America"
James Brown
1986
"Thrash Unreal"
Against Me!
2007
2000s Mix Pack
July 5, 2016
"Selkies: The Endless Obsession"
Between the Buried and Me
2005
C♯ Standard
"Nine in the Afternoon"
Panic! at the Disco
2008
D Standard
"Again"
Flyleaf
2009
D Standard /Drop C /Drop D
Flyleaf Song Pack
July 12, 2016
"Cassie"
2005
Drop D
"Fully Alive"
"Missing"
2009
Drop C
"Love Me Two Times"
DoorsThe Doors
1967
E Standard: A446
60s Mix Pack
July 19, 2016
"White Rabbit"
Jefferson Airplane
E Standard
"Venus"
Shocking Blue
1969
"Debaser"
Pixies
1989
E Standard
Pixies Song Pack
July 26, 2016
"Hey"
"Monkey Gone to Heaven"
"Wave of Mutilation"
"Chelsea Dagger"
FratellisThe Fratellis
2006
Variety Song Pack III
August 2, 2016
"Always with Me, Always with You"
Joe Satriani
1987
"Blue Collar Man (Long Nights)"
Styx
1978
"5 Minutes Alone"
Pantera
1994
D Standard
"21st Century (Digital Boy)"
Bad Religion
1990
E Standard
Bad Religion Song Pack
August 9, 2016
"Sorrow"
2001
"American Jesus"
1993
"Infected"
1994
D Standard
"My Songs Know What You Did in the Dark (Light Em Up)"
Fall Out Boy
2013
E Standard
2010s Mix Song Pack
August 16, 2016
"Burn Nice and Slow (The Formative Years)"
Hail the Sun
2016
"Sweater Weather"
NeighbourhoodThe Neighbourhood
2011
D Standard
"Closer to the Heart"
Rush
1977
E Standard
Rush Song Pack II
August 23, 2016
"Fly by Night"
1975
"Freewill"
1980
"Working Man"
1974
"La Villa Strangiato"
1978
"I Fought the Law"
ClashThe Clash
1979
70s Mix Song Pack
August 30, 2016
"Emerald"
Thin Lizzy
1976
E♭ Standard
"Little Green Bag"
George Baker Selection
1970
E Standard
"It's Been Awhile
Staind
2001
E♭ Drop D♭ /E♭ Standard /Custom (A♭D♭A♭D♭G♭B♭)
Staind Song Pack
September 6, 2016
"Outside"
2001
E♭ Drop D♭ Lead/E♭ Standard /C♯ Standard /Custom (A♭D♭A♭D♭G♭B♭)
"So Far Away"
2003
Custom (E♭A♭D♭E♭A♭E♭) /E♭ Standard /Custom (A♭D♭A♭D♭E♭A♭)
"I'm Made of Wax, Larry, What are You Made Of?"
A Day To Remember
2009
Drop C
Variety Song Pack IV
September 13, 2016
"I Ran (So Far Away)"
A Flock of Seagulls
1982
E Standard
"Never Going Back Again"
Fleetwood Mac
1977
Capo Required /E♭ Standard
"Refuse/Resist"
Sepultura
1993
D Standard
"Die, Die My Darling"
Misfits
1983
E Standard
The Misfits Song Pack
September 20, 2016
"Halloween"
1981
"Last Caress"
1980
"Where Eagles Dare"
1979
"Metropolis—Part I: "The Miracle and the Sleeper""
Dream Theater
1992
Dream Theater Song Pack
September 27, 2016
"On the Backs of Angels"
2011
"Pull Me Under"
1992
"Three Little Birds"
Bob Marley and the Wailers
1977
Anniversary Song Pack
October 4, 2016
"Suspicious Minds"
Elvis Presley
1969
"Some Nights"
fun.
2012
"I Want You Back"
Jackson 5The Jackson 5
1969
"Hey Ya!"
OutKast
2003
"Drops of Jupiter"
Train
2001
"Cold"
Crossfade
2004
Drop D - Lead/Rhythm; D Standard: Bass
2000s Mix Pack II
October 11, 2016
"Simple Man"
Shinedown
2004
E Standard
"How to Save a Life"
FrayThe Fray
2005
"Owner of a Lonely Heart"
Yes
1983
Yes Song Pack
October 18, 2016
"I've Seen All Good People"
1971
"Heart of the Sunrise"
"Starship Trooper
"Roundabout"
"Black Sunshine"
White Zombie
1992
Zombie Song Pack
October 25, 2016
"Dragula"
Rob Zombie
1998
D Drop C
"Living Dead Girl"
Drop D
"Superbeast"
Custom Tuning: C# Drop B - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Sex And Candy"
Marcy Playground
1997
E Standard
Variety Pack V
November 1, 2016
"Search And Destroy"
Iggy and The Stooges
1973
"The Ballad Of Mona Lisa"
Panic! At The Disco
2011
"Eyes Of A Panther"
Steel Panther
2009
E♭ Standard
"Danger Zone"
Kenny Loggins
1986
E♭ Standard - Lead/Rhythm;
E Standard - Bass
UBI30: 1986 Song Pack
November 8, 2016
"Addicted To Love"
Robert Palmer
E Standard
"Nobody's Fool"
Cinderella
"Burning Heart"
Survivor
"Talk Dirty to Me"
Poison
E♭ Standard - Lead/Rhythm;
E♭ Drop D♭ - Bass
"Pride and Joy"
Stevie Ray Vaughan & Double Trouble
1983
E♭ Standard
Stevie Ray Vaughan & DT Song Pack
November 15, 2016
"Scuttle Buttin"
1984
"Cold Shot"
"Couldn't Stand the Weather"
"Texas Flood"
1983
"Shut Up And Dance"
Walk The Moon
2014
E Standard
2010s Mix Song Pack II
November 22, 2016
"In The End"
Black Veil Brides
2012
E♭ Drop D♭
"Sail"
Awolnation
2011
E Standard
"Semi-Charmed Life"
Third Eye Blind
1997
Third Eye Blind Pack
November 29, 2016
"Never Let You Go"
2000
"How's It Going To Be"
1997
"Jumper"
1998
"Suffragette City"
David Bowie
1972
Variety Pack VI
December 6, 2016
"Stray Cat Strut"
Brian Setzer
1981
"F.C.P.R.E.M.I.X."
Fall of TroyThe Fall Of Troy
2005
"Hey Jealousy"
Gin Blossoms
1993
"Proud Mary"
Creedence Clearwater Revival
1969
D Standard - Lead; E Standard - Rhythm/Bass
Creedence Clearwater Revival
December 13, 2016
"Fortunate Son"
"Bad Moon Rising"
"21 Guns"
Green Day
2009
E Standard
Green Day II
December 20, 2016
"Bang Bang"
2016
"Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)"
1997
"Longview"
1994
E♭ Standard
"Wake Me Up When September Ends"
2005
E Standard
"Vertigo"
U2
2004
U2 Pack
January 3, 2017
"Beautiful Day"
2000
"Where the Streets Have No Name"
1987
"With or Without You"
1987
E Standard - Lead/Alt. Lead/Rhythm/Bass; Drop D - Alt. Bass
"Sunday Bloody Sunday"
1983
E♭ Standard
"California Dreamin"
Mamas & the PapasThe Mamas & the Papas
1966
E Standard
60s Mix II
January 10, 2017
"Green Onions"
Booker T. & the M.G.'s
1962
"Somebody To Love"
Jefferson Airplane
1967
"First Date"
Blink-182
2001
Blink-182 II
January 17, 2017
"The Rock Show"
"Adam's Song"
1999
D Standard - Lead/Rhythm/Alt. Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Feeling This"
2003
Capo Required: Drop D - Lead/Rhythm/Alt. Bass; E Standard - Bass
"I Miss You"
2003
Capo Required: E Standard
"Counting Stars"
OneRepublic
2013
E Standard
Variety Pack VII
January 24, 2017
"I Melt With You"
Modern English
1982
"Wherever You Will Go"
CallingThe Calling
2001
E Standard - Lead/Bass; Capo Required – Alt Lead/Rhythm
"Take The Power Back"
Rage Against the Machine
1992
Drop D
"Going Under"
Evanescence
2003
E Standard
Evanescence Pack
January 31, 2017
"My Immortal"
"Everybody's Fool"
DADGAD - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D
"Footloose"
Kenny Loggins
1984
E Standard
80s Mix Pack II
February 7, 2017
"I Wanna Rock"
Twisted Sister
"Don't You (Forget About Me)"
Simple Minds
1985
"Yellow"
Coldplay
2000
E Standard - Lead/Bass; Custom: EABGBd♯ - Rhythm
Coldplay Pack
February 14, 2017
"Clocks"
2002
E Standard
"Viva La Vida"
2008
E Standard - Lead/Alt. Lead/Rhythm; E♭ Standard – Bass; Capo Required – Alt Rhythm
"Fix You"
2005
E Standard - Lead/Bass/Alt. Lead; Custom: EABGBd♯ - Rhythm
"In My Place"
2002
E Standard - Lead/Bass; Capo Required - Rhythm
"The Scientist"
E Standard - Lead/Bass; Capo Required – Alt Lead; Custom: EADGCf - Rhythm
"Fight for Your Right"
Beastie Boys
1986
E♭ Standard
Beastie Boys Pack
February 21, 2017
"No Sleep till Brooklyn"
1987
"Sabotage"
1994
E Standard
"Magic Carpet Ride"
Steppenwolf
1968
Variety Pack VIII
February 28, 2017
"Far Behind"
Candlebox
1993
"Underdog"
Kasabian
2009
"Everybody Wants To Rule The World"
Tears For Fears
1985
E Standard – Lead; Drop D – Rhythm/Bass
"My Happy Ending"
Avril Lavigne
2004
E Standard
Avril Lavigne Pack
March 7, 2017
"When You're Gone"
2007
"Complicated"
2002
E Standard - Lead/Alt. Lead; D Standard - Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"I'm With You"
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"Sk8er Boi"
Drop D
"Inside Out"
Eve 6
1998
E Standard
90s Mix II
March 14, 2017
"Violet"
Hole
1994
"If You Could Only See"
Tonic
1996
Capo Required – Lead/Rhythm; E♭ Standard - Bass
"18 and Life"
Skid Row
1989
E Standard
Skid Row Pack
March 21, 2017
"I Remember You"
"Monkey Business"
1991
"Slave to the Grind"
Drop D
"Youth Gone Wild"
1989
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"You"
Bad Religion
1989
E Standard
Skater Rock Pack
March 28, 2017
"Superman"
Goldfinger
1997
"May 16"
Lagwagon
1998
"No Cigar"
Millencolin
2000
"When Worlds Collide"
Powerman 5000
1999
E♭ Drop D♭
"Even Flow"
Pearl Jam
1991
E Standard – Lead; Drop D - Rhythm/Bass; Open D – Alt Rhythm
Pearl Jam II
April 4, 2017
"Rearviewmirror"
1993
E Standard
"Do The Evolution"
1998
"Last Exit"
1994
"Yellow Ledbetter"
1992
"Banana Pancakes"
Jack Johnson
2005
Variety Pack IX
April 11, 2017
"All Mixed Up"
311
1995
"Surfing With The Alien"
Joe Satriani
1987
"Let It Go"
James Bay
2015
D Standard – Lead/Rhythm; C♯ Standard - Bass
"Buffalo Soldier"
Bob Marley and the Wailers
1983
E Standard
Bob Marley and the Wailers Pack
April 18, 2017
"Could You Be Loved"
1980
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm/Bass; Drop D - Alt. Lead
"Is This Love"
1978
E Standard
"No Woman, No Cry"
1975
"Redemption Song"
1980
"Figure It Out"
Royal Blood
2014
E Standard
Royal Blood Pack
April 25, 2017
"Little Monster"
E Standard - Lead; C Standard - Bass/Rhythm/Alt. Lead/Alt. Bass
"Out of the Black"
D Standard
"Hooked on a Feeling"
Blue Swede
1968
E Standard
Mix Tape Song Pack
May 2, 2017
"Moonage Daydream"
David Bowie
1972
"Ain't No Mountain High Enough"
Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell
1967
"Go All the Way"
Raspberries
1972
"Come and Get Your Love"
Redbone
1974
"If It Makes You Happy"
Sheryl Crow
1996
Sheryl Crow Pack
May 9, 2017
"My Favorite Mistake"
1998
"Soak Up the Sun"
2002
"Casey Jones"
Grateful Dead
1970
Grateful Dead Pack
May 16, 2017
"Friend of the Devil"
"Sugar Magnolia"
"Truckin'"
"Uncle John's Band"
"Rise Above"
Black Flag
1981
80s Mix III
May 23, 2017
"I Want It All"
Queen
1989
"Take It on the Run"
REO Speedwagon
1981
"All Downhill from Here"
New Found Glory
2004
New Found Glory Pack
May 30, 2017
"Hit or Miss"
2000
"My Friends Over You"
2002
"Surfin' U.S.A."
Beach BoysThe Beach Boys
1963
Surf Rock II
June 6, 2017
"Pipeline"
ChantaysThe Chantays
"Surf Rider"
Lively OnesThe Lively Ones
"Penetration"
PyramidsThe Pyramids
"All Over You"
Live
1994
E♭ Standard
Live Pack
June 13, 2017
"The Dolphin's Cry"
1999
"I Alone"
1994
"Lightning Crashes"
"Selling the Drama"
"Bad Things"
Jace Everett
2005
E Standard
Variety Pack X
June 20, 2017
"Lick It Up"
Kiss
1983
"Mouth for War"
Pantera
1991
"Los Angeles"
X
1980
"Always Alright"
Alabama Shakes
2012
Alabama Shakes Pack
June 27, 2017
"Don't Wanna Fight"
2015
E♭ Standard
"Gimme All Your Love"
E Standard
"Hold On"
2012
"Time in a Bottle"
Jim Croce
1972
Capo Required (Lead); E Standard - Rhythm/Bass
70s Mix II
July 5, 2017
"Do You Feel Like We Do"
Peter Frampton
1973
E Standard
"Cowboy Song"
Thin Lizzy
1976
E♭ Standard
"12:51"
StrokesThe Strokes
2003
E Standard
The Strokes II
July 11, 2017
"Someday"
2001
"Taken for a Fool"
2011
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"You Only Live Once"
2006
E Standard
"Little Miss Can't Be Wrong"
Spin Doctors
1992
90s Mix III
July 18, 2017
"Alright"
Supergrass
1995
"Life Is a Highway"
Tom Cochrane
1991
"The Beautiful People"
Marilyn Manson
1996
Drop D
Marilyn Manson Pack
July 25, 2017
"Coma White"
1999
Custom: EADGAe - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Tourniquet"
1997
E Standard
"Last Train to Clarksville"
MonkeesThe Monkees
1966
The Monkees Pack
August 1, 2017
"Pleasant Valley Sunday"
1967
"Valleri"
1968
"Can You Feel My Heart"
Bring Me the Horizon
2013
2010s Mix III
August 8, 2017
"45"
Gaslight AnthemThe Gaslight Anthem
2012
E♭ Standard
"Let Her Go"
Passenger
Capo Required (Lead); E Standard - Rhythm/Bass
"Honey Bee"
Muddy Waters
1951
E Standard
Muddy Waters Pack
August 15, 2017
"I Can't Be Satisfied"
1952
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm/Bass; Open G - Alt. Lead
"Mannish Boy"
1955
E Standard
"Still a Fool"
1951
"Runnin' Wild"
Airbourne
2007
Airbourne Pack
August 22, 2017
"Too Much, Too Young, Too Fast"
"Blonde, Bad and Beautiful"
2010
"Your Eyes"
Bombay Bicycle Club
2011
Variety Pack XI
August 29, 2017
"This War Is Ours (The Guillotine Part 2)"
Escape the Fate
2008
Drop C
"All My Ex's Live in Texas"
George Strait
1991
E Standard
"She Don't Use Jelly"
Flaming LipsThe Flaming Lips
1993
"Away from the Sun"
3 Doors Down
2002
3 Doors Down II
September 5, 2017
"Be Like That"
2001
"Here Without You"
2003
E♭ Standard - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"It's Not My Time"
2008
E Standard
"Let Me Go"
2005
"Lay It Down"
Ratt
1985
Drop D
80s Mix IV
September 12, 2017
"Hip to Be Square"
Huey Lewis and the News
1986
E Standard
"Higher Love"
Steve Winwood
"The Artist in the Ambulance"
Thrice
2003
Drop C
Thrice Pack
September 19, 2017
"Stare At the Sun"
2004
"Deadbolt"
2002
E♭ Drop D♭
"99 Red Balloons"
Goldfinger
2000
E Standard
Rockin' Covers Pack
September 26, 2017
"Bad Romance"
Halestorm
2011
E♭ Drop D♭
"Tainted Love"
Marilyn Manson
2001
E Standard
"Careless Whisper"
Seether
2009
D Drop C
"I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)"
Four Tops
1965
E Standard
Four Tops Pack
October 3, 2017
"It's the Same Old Song"
"Reach Out I'll Be There"
1966
"Bernadette"
1967
"The Funeral"
Band of Horses
2006
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Capo required - Alt. Lead/Alt. Rhythm; E♭ Standard - Bass
2000s Mix III
October 10, 2017
"Lips of an Angel"
Hinder
2005
Drop C
"Breakaway"
Kelly Clarkson
2004
E Standard
"Takin' Care of Business"
Bachman-Turner Overdrive
1973
Bachman-Turner Overdrive Pack
October 17, 2017
"Let It Ride"
"You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet"
1974
"Down Under"
Colin Hay
2011
Variety Pack XII
October 24, 2017
"Through the Fire and Flames"
DragonForce
2005
"Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting"
Elton John
1973
"Send Me on My Way"
Rusted Root
1995
"Twilight of the Thunder God"
Amon Amarth
2008
B Standard - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
Amon Amarth Pack
October 31, 2017
"The Pursuit of Vikings"
2004
"War of the Gods"
2011
"Death in Fire"
2002
"Guardians of Asgaard"
2008
B Drop A - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Linoleum"
NOFX
1994
E Standard
NOFX Pack
November 7, 2017
"Bob"
1992
"Seeing Double At The Triple Rock"
2006
"Stickin' In My Eye"
1992
"Back on the Chain Gang"
PretendersThe Pretenders
1982
The Pretenders Pack
November 14, 2017
"Brass in Pocket"
1979
E Standard - Lead/Alt. Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"Don't Get Me Wrong"
1986
E Standard
"I'll Stand By You"
1994
"Middle of the Road"
1983
Drop D - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass/Alt. Rhythm
"I Get Off"
Halestorm
2009
Drop D - Lead/Bass; E♭ Drop B - Rhythm
Halestorm Pack
November 22, 2017
"I Miss the Misery"
2012
Drop D - Lead/Bass; E Standard - Rhythm
"Mz. Hyde"
2013
Drop D
"A Mad Russian's Christmas"
Trans-Siberian Orchestra
1996
E Standard
Trans-Siberian Orchestra Pack
November 28, 2017
"Christmas Canon Rock"
2004
"Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24"
1996
"O Come, All Ye Faithful/O Holy Night"
"Wizards in Winter"
2004
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"Fly Like an Eagle"
Steve Miller Band
1976
E Standard
Steve Miller Band Pack
December 5, 2017
"Jet Airliner"
1977
Capo Required - Lead/Alt. Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"The Joker"
1973
D Standard - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Rock'n Me"
1976
E Standard
"Take the Money and Run"
"Down in a Hole"
Alice in Chains
1992
E♭ Standard - Lead/Alt. Lead/Rhythm/Alt. Rhythm; E♭ Drop D♭ - Bass
Alice in Chains II
December 12, 2017
"Heaven Beside You"
1995
E♭ Standard
"No Excuses"
1994
"Nutshell"
"Rooster"
1992
"Big River"
Johnny Cash
1970
E Standard - Lead/Bass; Capo Required - Rhythm
Johnny Cash Song Pack I
December 19, 2017
"Folsom Prison Blues"
1958
E Standard
"Give My Love to Rose"
1957
Capo Required - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Hey, Porter"
1955
E Standard
"Jackson"
1967
"Cry! Cry! Cry!"
1955
Johnny Cash Song Pack II
"Get Rhythm"
1956
E Standard - Lead/Alt. Rhythm/Bass; Capo Required - Rhythm
"I Walk the Line"
"Ring of Fire"
1963
E Standard
"Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down"
1970
Capo Required - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Ain't It Fun"
Paramore
2014
Drop D - Lead/Rhythm; C♯ Standard - Bass
Paramore Pack
January 9, 2018
"Brick by Boring Brick"
2009
"Crushcrushcrush"
2007
E♭ Drop D♭ - Lead/Rhythm; C♯ Standard - Bass
"The Only Exception"
2010
E Standard - Lead/Bass; Custom: EABGBd♯ - Rhythm
"Pressure"
2005
Drop D
"Still Into You"
2013
Drop D - Lead/Rhythm; C♯ Standard - Bass
"Boulevard of Broken Dreams"
Green Day
2004
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm/Bass; Capo required - Alt. Rhythm
Green Day III
January 16, 2018
"Jesus of Suburbia"
E Standard Lead/Bass; E♭ Standard Rhythm
"Holiday"
E Standard
"Know Your Enemy"
2009
"Welcome to Paradise"
1994
E♭ Standard
"The Cave"
Mumford & Sons
2009
E Standard - Lead/Bass; Open D - Rhythm; Open E - Alt. Rhythm
Mumford & Sons Pack
January 23, 2018
"I Will Wait"
2012
E Standard - Bass; Capo Required - Lead; Open D♭/C♯ - Rhythm
"Little Lion Man"
2009
E Standard - Bass; EADBGD Capo Required - Lead; CACGCE Capo Required - Rhythm
"Aqualung"
Jethro Tull
1971
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm/Alt. Lead/Alt. Rhythm; Capo required - Rhythm
70s Mix III
January 30, 2018
"Radar Love"
Golden Earring
1973
E Standard
"We're an American Band"
Grand Funk Railroad
"Poker Face"
Lady Gaga
2008
Lady Gaga Pack
February 6, 2018
"Paparazzi"
2009
"Bad Romance"
"You and I"
2011
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"Built to Fall"
Trivium
2011
E♭ Drop D♭
Trivium Pack
February 13, 2018
"In Waves"
"Strife"
2013
"Only the Good Die Young"
Billy Joel
1978
E Standard
Variety Pack XIII
February 20, 2018
"Bad To The Bone"
George Thorogood and the Destroyers
1982
Open G - Lead; E Standard - Rhythm/Bass
"Face Down"
Red Jumpsuit ApparatusThe Red Jumpsuit Apparatus
2006
Drop C
"Runaway Train"
Soul Asylum
1993
E Standard
"Games People Play"
Joe South
1960
Open G Capo required - Lead; E Standard - Rhythm/Bass
60s Mix III
February 27, 2018
"Get Together"
YoungbloodsThe Youngbloods
1967
E Standard - Lead/Bass; E Standard Capo required - Rhythm
"Hush"
Deep Purple
1968
E Standard
"Man! I Feel Like A Woman"
Shania Twain
1997
Capo Required: E Standard – Lead/Rhythm; E♭ Standard - Bass
Shania Twain Pack
March 6, 2018
"That Don't Impress Me Much"
Capo Required: E Standard – Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"You're Still The One"
E♭ Standard – Lead; E Standard - Bass; Capo Required: E Standard - Rhythm
"Ruby"
Kaiser Chiefs
2007
E Standard
Kaiser Chiefs Pack
March 13, 2018
"Never Miss A Beat"
2008
"I Predict A Riot"
2005
"Pompeii"
Bastille
2013
E Standard – Rhythm/Bass; Drop D - Lead
2010s Mix IV
March 20, 2018
"What You Know"
Two Door Cinema Club
2010
E Standard – Lead/Bass; Capo Required - Rhythm
"Hold Back The River"
James Bay
2015
D Standard
"Lovefool"
CardigansThe Cardigans
1996
E Standard
The Cardigans Pack
March 27, 2018
"Erase/Rewind"
1998
"My Favourite Game"
"Murmaider"
Dethklok
2007
C Standard
Dethklok II
April 3, 2018
"Black Fire Upon Us"
2009
"Bloodlines"
"Your Love"
OutfieldThe Outfield
1985
E Standard
Variety Pack XIV
April 10, 2018
"Amie"
Pure Prairie League
1972
"Hunger Strike"
Temple Of The Dog
1991
Drop D
"I Write Sins Not Tragedies"
Panic! At The Disco
2005
"Dakota"
Stereophonics
2005
Capo Required – Lead/Alt Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
Stereophonics Pack
April 17, 2018
"The Bartender And The Thief"
1999
Drop D – Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Maybe Tomorrow"
2003
E Standard
"You Get What You Give"
New Radicals
1998
90s Mix IV
April 24, 2018
"Keep Away"
Godsmack
Drop D
"Volcano Girls"
Veruca Salt
1997
E Standard
"Black Horse and the Cherry Tree"
KT Tunstall
2004
KT Tunstall
May 1, 2018
"Other Side Of The World"
"Suddenly I See"
"Lonely Is The Night"
Billy Squier
1981
80s Mix V
May 8, 2018
"Too Much Time on My Hands"
Styx
"Let's Groove"
Earth, Wind & Fire
"Obstacle 1"
Interpol
2002
E Standard – Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
Interpol Pack
May 15, 2018
"All The Rage Back Home"
2014
E Standard
"PDA"
2002
E Standard – Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"Evil"
2004
E Standard – Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"Souls of Black"
Testament
1990
E Standard
Metal Mix
May 22, 2018
"Transilvanian Hunger"
Darkthrone
1994
"Immortal Rites"
Morbid Angel
1989
E♭ Standard
"Come Away With Me"
Norah Jones
2002
E Standard
Norah Jones Pack
May 29, 2018
"Don't Know Why"
Capo Required – Lead/Alt Lead; E Standard – Rhythm/Bass
"Sunrise"
2004
Capo Required – Lead/Rhythm; E Standard – Bass
"Baby Blue"
Badfinger
1971
E Standard
Variety Pack XV
June 5, 2018
"Apache"
ShadowsThe Shadows
1960
"In The Meantime"
Spacehog
1995
"Bad"
U2
1984
"Dashboard"
Modest Mouse
2007
2000s Mix IV
June 12, 2018
"Johnny, I Hardly Knew Ya"
Dropkick Murphys
"Bad Girlfriend"
Theory of a Deadman
2008
D Standard
"No Surprises"
Radiohead
1997
Capo Required – Lead/Rhythm; Standard – Bass
Radiohead II
June 19, 2018
"Street Spirit (Fade Out)"
1995
E Standard – Lead/Bass; Capo Require – Rhythm
"There, There"
2003
E Standard – Lead/Bass; DBDGBE – Rhythm
"Bad Reputation"
Joan Jett
1981
E Standard
Joan Jett Pack
June 26, 2018
"Crimson and Clover"
Joan Jett & the Blackhearts
1982
"I Hate Myself for Loving You"
1988
"Ever Fallen In Love"
Buzzcocks
1978
70s Mix IV
July 3, 2018
"Who Do You Love"
George Thorogood and the Destroyers
"Jungle Love"
Steve Miller Band
1977
E♭ Standard
"It's Tricky"
Run-DMC
1987
E Standard - Lead; D Standard - Rhythm
Run-DMC Pack
July 10, 2018
"King of Rock"
1985
E Standard
"Rock Box"
1984
"Rebel Rouser"
Duane Eddy
1958
Variety Pack XVI
July 17, 2018
"Feeling Good"
Nina Simone
1962
"This Love"
Pantera
1992
"I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)"
ProclaimersThe Proclaimers
1988
"A Case Of You"
Joni Mitchell
1971
E♭ Standard - Lead; Capo Required - Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
Joni Mitchell Pack
July 24, 2018
"Big Yellow Taxi"
1970
Open E - Lead; E Standard - Alt Lead/Bass; Capo Required - Rhythm
"Both Sides, Now"
1969
E♭ Standard - Lead/Alt. Lead; Capo Required - Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Strategy and Spying"
Billy Martin
2013
E Standard
Ubisoft Music Song Pack
July 31, 2018
"Assassin's Creed IV Black Flag Main Theme"
Brian Tyler
"Ezio's Family"
Jesper Kyd
2009
E Standard – Lead/Alt Rhythm; Drop D – Rhythm/Bass
"Blood Dragon Theme (Far Cry 3: Blood Dragon)"
Power Glove
2013
E Standard
"The Ballad of Clutch Nixon"
Road VikingsThe Road Vikings
2018
E Standard – Bass; B Standard - Lead/Alt Lead/Rhythm
"Black Smoke Rising"
Greta Van Fleet
2017
E Standard
Greta Van Fleet Pack
August 7, 2018
"Highway Tune"
"Safari Song"
"One Bourbon, One Scotch, One Beer"
John Lee Hooker
1953
Blues Song Pack II
August 14, 2018
"West Coast Blues"
Wes Montgomery
1960
"Back Door Man"
Willie Dixon
1960
Open D
"Bleeds No More"
Silverstein
2002
Drop D
Silverstein Song Pack
August 21, 2018
"My Heroine"
2004
E Standard
"Smashed into Pieces"
2002
Drop D
"Smile In Your Sleep"
2005
E Standard
"Changes"
David Bowie
1971
Variety Pack XVII
August 28, 2018
"Movies"
Alien Ant Farm
1999
"Stay (I Missed You)"
Lisa Loeb
1994
E Standard – Bass; Capo Required - Lead/Rhythm
"Touch Of Grey"
Grateful Dead
1987
E Standard
"Since U Been Gone"
Kelly Clarkson
2004
Kelly Clarkson Song Pack
September 4, 2018
"Behind These Hazel Eyes"
2005
E Standard - Rhythm/Bass; Capo Required - Lead
"My Life Would Suck Without You"
2009
E Standard – Lead/Bass; Capo Required - Rhythm
"Unsung"
Helmet
1992
Drop D
90s Mix V
September 11, 2018
"Summer Song"
Joe Satriani
E Standard
"Christian Woman"
Type O Negative
1993
B Standard - Lead, Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Absolute Zero"
Stone Sour
2012
C♯ Standard
Stone Sour Song Pack
September 18, 2018
"Bother"
2002
E♭ Standard
"Say You'll Haunt Me"
2010
C♯ Standard
"Paradise"
Coldplay
2011
E Standard
2010s Mix V
September 25, 2018
"Ex's & Oh's"
Elle King
2015
"Red Eyes"
War on DrugsThe War on Drugs
2014
Capo Required - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Disorder"
Joy Division
1979
E Standard
Joy Division Song Pack
October 2, 2018
"Love Will Tear Us Apart"
1980
"Transmission"
1979
"Surfin' Safari"
Beach BoysThe Beach Boys
1965
Variety Pack XVIII
October 9, 2018
"Gratitude"
Beastie Boys
1992
"Stay Together for the Kids"
Blink-182
2002
"Green Grass and High Tides"
Outlaws
1975
"Mud on the Tires"
Brad Paisley
2003
E Standard - Lead/Bass; Capo Required - Rhythm
Brad Paisley Pack
October 16, 2018
"Ticks"
2007
E Standard
"Whiskey Lullaby"
Brad Paisley ft. Alison Krauss
2003
E Standard - Lead/Alt. Rhythm/Bass; Drop D - Rhythm
"Take On Me"
A-ha
1985
E Standard
80s Mix VI
October 23, 2018
"Keep Your Hands to Yourself"
Georgia SatellitesThe Georgia Satellites
1986
"Fallen Angel"
Poison
1988
E♭ Standard
"Cirice"
Ghost
2015
D Standard
Ghost Pack
October 29, 2018
"He Is"
"Ritual"
2010
"Year Zero"
2013
"Don't Stop Me Now"
Queen
1979
E Standard
Queen Pack II
November 6, 2018
"We Will Rock You"
1977
"Love Of My Life"
1975
"Tie Your Mother Down"
1977
"In A Big Country"
Big Country
1983
Variety Pack XIX
November 13, 2018
"Stir It Up"
Bob Marley and the Wailers
1967
"Cissy Strut"
MetersThe Meters
1969
"More Human Than Human"
White Zombie
1995
C♯ Standard
"Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree"
Brenda Lee
1983
E Standard
Christmas Classics
November 20, 2018
"Run, Rudolph, Run"
Chuck Berry
1967
"Blue Christmas"
Elvis Presley
1969
"Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer"
Gene Autry
1995
"Bleed American"
Jimmy Eat World
2001
Drop D
Jimmy Eat World Pack
November 27, 2018
"The Middle"
"Sweetness"
2002
"Billion Dollar Babies"
Alice Cooper
1973
E Standard
Alice Cooper Pack
December 4, 2018
"Poison"
1989
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"School's Out"
1973
E Standard
"Bad Company"
Five Finger Death Punch
2010
B Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
Five Finger Death Punch Pack
December 11, 2018
"The Bleeding"
2007
E Standard - Lead; Drop D - Bass; B Standard - Alt. Lead/Rhythm
"Wrong Side of Heaven"
2014
B Standard - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Brown Sugar"
Rolling StonesThe Rolling Stones
1971
Open G - Lead/Rhythm; Open D - Alt. Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
Rolling Stones Pack
December 18, 2018
"Gimme Shelter"
1969
E Standard - Lead/Bass; Open E - Rhythm
"Jumpin' Jack Flash"
1968
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm/Bass; Open E - Alt. Lead
"Sympathy for the Devil"
E Standard
"Johnny B. Goode"
Chuck Berry
1958
Chuck Berry Pack
January 8, 2019
"School Day (Ring! Ring! Goes the Bell)"
1957
"You Never Can Tell"
1964
"Misery Business"
Paramore
2007
E♭ Drop D♭ - Lead/Rhythm; C♯ Standard - Bass
Paramore Song Pack II
January 15, 2019
"Ignorance"
2009
E Standard – Lead/Rhythm; D Standard - Bass
"Rose-Colored Boy"
2018
E Standard
"Breakfast at Tiffany's"
Deep Blue Something
1995
Variety Pack XX
January 22, 2019
"On The Sunny Side of the Street"
Les Paul & Mary Ford
1955
"Whiskey In The Jar"
Thin Lizzy
1973
"Teenage Dirtbag"
Wheatus
2000
"Hammer to Fall"
Queen
1984
Queen Pack III
January 29, 2019
"I Want to Break Free"
"Somebody to Love"
1976
E Standard - Lead/Alt Lead/Bass; Capo Required - Rhythm
"When I Come Around"
Green Day
1994
E♭ Standard
90s Mix VI
February 5, 2019
"One of Us"
Joan Osborne
1995
Capo Required – Lead/Alt Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Trippin' On a Hole in a Paper Heart"
Stone Temple Pilots
1996
E Standard
"40:1"
Sabaton
2008
Sabaton Song Pack
February 12, 2019
"Ghost Division"
"Primo Victoria"
2005
"Always"
Blink-182
2003
2000s Mix V
February 19, 2019
"Bodies"
Drowning Pool
2001
Drop C
"Stacy's Mom"
Fountains of Wayne
2003
E Standard
"The Regulator"
Clutch
2004
Drop D – Lead/Bass; Custom Tuning: DADFAd - Rhythm
Variety Pack XXI
February 26, 2019
"Shimmer"
Fuel
1998
E Standard – Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
"Found Out About You"
Gin Blossoms
1989
E Standard
"Werewolves of London"
Warren Zevon
1978
"Alone"
Heart
1987
Heart Pack
March 5, 2019
"Straight On"
1978
"What About Love"
1985
"Don't Tell Me You Love Me"
Night Ranger
1982
Night Ranger Pack
March 12, 2019
"Sister Christian"
1983
"(You Can Still) Rock in America"
"Brick House"
Commodores
1977
70s Mix V
March 19, 2019
"Maggot Brain"
Funkadelic
1971
"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress"
HolliesThe Hollies
1972
"Airbag"
Radiohead
1997
Radiohead III
March 26, 2019
"Fake Plastic Trees"
1995
"Jigsaw Falling Into Place"
2007
DBDF♯Bd – Lead/Alt. Lead/Rhythm; E Standard – Bass
"It Must Have Been Love"
Roxette
1987
E Standard
Roxette Pack
April 2, 2019
"Listen to Your Heart"
1988
"The Look"
"Wild World"
Cat Stevens
1970
Cat Stevens Pack
April 9, 2019
"Father and Son"
"Morning Has Broken"
1971
"Alison Hell"
Annihilator
1989
Variety Pack XXII
April 16, 2019
"Counting Blue Cars"
Dishwalla
1995
"From the Pinnacle to the Pit"
Ghost
2015
D Standard
"Long Tall Sally"
Wanda Jackson
1958
E Standard
"Party Hard"
Andrew W.K.
2001
2000s Mix VI
April 23, 2019
"The Adventure"
Angels & Airwaves
2006
Capo Required - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Shiver"
Coldplay
2000
E Standard - Lead/Alt. Lead/Bass; EABGBd♯ - Rhythm
"When the Curtain Falls"
Greta Van Fleet
2018
E Standard
Greta Van Fleet II
April 30, 2019
"Edge Of Darkness"
2017
"You're the One"
2018
"Girls Just Want To Have Fun"
Cyndi Lauper
1983
Cyndi Lauper Pack
May 7, 2019
"Time After Time"
"True Colors"
1986
"Youth of the Nation"
P.O.D
2001
Drop C
P.O.D Pack
May 14, 2019
"Boom"
D Standard
"Alive"
Drop C
"Amazing Grace"
NotetrackersThe Notetrackers
2019
E Standard
Classic Melody Pack
May 21, 2019
"When the Saints Go Marching In"
"Frere Jacques"
"She Looks So Perfect"
5 Seconds of Summer
2014
5 Seconds of Summer Pack
May 28, 2019
"Amnesia"
DADGAD - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"She's Kinda Hot"
2015
E Standard
"Easy Hammer-on/Pull-off 1"
NotetrackersThe Notetrackers
2019
Rocksmith Easy Exercises, Vol. 1
June 4, 2019
"Easy Linear Playing 1"
"Easy Pull-on/Hammer-off 1"
"Easy String Skipping 1"
"Easy String Switching 1"
"Dying in Your Arms"
Trivium
2005
Drop D
Trivium II Pack
June 11, 2019
"A Gunshot to the Head of Trepidation"
"Pull Harder on the Strings of Your Martyr"
"Over the Hills and Far Away"
Nightwish
2001
E Standard
Rockin Covers II
June 18, 2019
"Take On Me"
Reel Big Fish
1998
"Louie Louie"
Joan Jett and the Blackhearts
1981
"Call It Off"
Tegan and Sara
2007
E Standard - Lead/Alt. Lead/Bass; Capo Required - Rhythm/Alt. Rhythm
Tegan and Sara Pack
June 25, 2019
"The Con"
Capo Required - Lead; EGDGBE Capo Required - Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Walking with a Ghost"
2004
E Standard
"Intermediate Hammer-on/Pull-off 1"
NotetrackersThe Notetrackers
2019
Rocksmith Intermediate Exercises, Vol. 1
July 2, 2019
"Intermediate Linear Playing 1"
"Intermediate Pull-on/Hammer-off 1"
"Intermediate String Skipping 1"
"Intermediate String Switching 1"
"My Medicine"
Pretty RecklessThe Pretty Reckless
2010
E♭ Standard - Rhythm/Bass; Open E♭ - Lead
The Pretty Reckless Pack
July 9, 2019
"Make Me Wanna Die"
E♭ Standard
"Going to Hell"
2014
E♭ Drop D♭
"Bitter Sweet Symphony"
Aranbee Pop Symphony Orchestra
2009
E Standard
Indie Rock
July 16, 2019
"Chasing Cars"
Snow Patrol
2006
"Renegades"
X Ambassadors
2015
"A Design for Life"
Manic Street Preachers
1996
Manic Street Preachers
July 23, 2019
"If You Tolerate This Your Children Will Be Next"
1998
"Motorcycle Emptiness"
1992
"Advanced Hammer-on/Pull-off 1"
NotetrackersThe Notetrackers
2019
Rocksmith Advanced Exercises, Vol. 1
July 30, 2019
"Advanced Linear Playing 1"
"Advanced Pull-on/Hammer-off 1"
"Advanced String Skipping 1"
"Advanced String Switching 1"
"Break the Walls Down (Chris Jericho)"
Jim Johnston
2011
Wrestling Theme Song Pack
August 6, 2019
"Electrifying (The Rock)"
E Standard - Lead; Drop D - Rhythm/Bass
"I Won't Do What You Tell Me (Stone Cold Steve Austin)"
2007
E Standard
"The Loner"
Gary Moore
1987
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
Gary Moore Pack
August 13, 2019
"Over the Hills and Far Away"
E Standard
"Still Got the Blues"
1990
"The Bad Touch"
Bloodhound Gang
1999
Bloodhound Gang Pack
August 20, 2019
"The Ballad of Chasey Lain"
2000
"Foxtrot Uniform Charlie Kilo"
2005
"We Got the Beat"
Go-Go'sThe Go-Go's
1981
Women Who Rock II
August 27, 2019
"According to You"
Orianthi
2009
D Standard Lead/Rhythm/Bass; E Standard Alt. Lead
"Seether"
Veruca Salt
1994
E Standard
"Easy Hammer-on/Pull-off 2"
NotetrackersThe Notetrackers
2019
Rocksmith Easy Exercises, Vol. 2
September 3, 2019
"Easy Linear Playing 2"
"Easy Pull-on/Hammer-off 2"
"Easy String Skipping 2"
"Easy String Switching 2"
"All the Pretty Girls"
Kaleo
2016
E Standard - Bass; Capo Required - Lead/Rhythm
Kaleo
September 10, 2019
"No Good"
E Standard
"Way Down We Go"
E Standard - Lead; Capo Required - Rhythm; E♭ Standard - Bass
"No Reason"
Audrey and Kate
2019
E Standard
Social Stars
September 17, 2019
"Guitar Solos With Dooo #2 - Ascend"
DoooThe Dooo
2016
E♭ Standard - Lead; Drop C - Rhythm/Bass
"Everything But Me"
Set the Charge
2017
Drop D - Lead/Rhythm; D Standard - Bass
"Highway to Oblivion"
DragonForce
2019
E Standard
—
September 24, 2019
"Amaranthine"
Amaranthe
2011
C Standard
Amaranthe Song Pack
October 1, 2019
"Drop Dead Cynical"
2014
B Standard - Lead; E Standard - Bass
"The Nexus"
2013
C Drop B♭ - Lead/Rhythm; Drop C - Bass
"Intermediate Hammer-on/Pull-off 2"
NotetrackersThe Notetrackers
2019
E Standard
Rocksmith Intermediate Exercises, Vol. 2
October 8, 2019
"Intermediate Linear Playing 2"
"Intermediate Pull-on/Hammer-off 2"
"Intermediate String Skipping 2"
"Intermediate String Switching 2"
"Davidian"
Machine Head
1994
D Drop C
Metal Mix Song Pack II
October 15, 2019
"Are You Dead Yet?"
Children of Bodom
2005
"Crystal Mountain"
Death
1995
D Standard
"Galileo"
Indigo Girls
1992
Capo Required: DADGBC - Lead; Capo Required - Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
Indigo Girls Pack
October 22, 2019
"Power of Two"
1994
Capo Required - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Closer to Fine"
1989
"Time of the Season"
ZombiesThe Zombies
1968
E Standard
The Zombies Pack
October 29, 2019
"Tell Her No"
1965
"She's Not There"
1964
"Advanced Hammer-on/Pull-off 2"
NotetrackersThe Notetrackers
2019
Rocksmith Advanced Exercises, Vol. 2
November 5, 2019
"Advanced Linear Playing 2"
"Advanced Pull-on/Hammer-off 2"
"Advanced String Skipping 2"
"Advanced String Switching 2"
"Over You"
Daughtry
2006
E♭ Standard
Daughtry Song Pack
November 12, 2019
"Feels Like Tonight"
"Home"
Capo Required: E♭ Standard - Lead; E♭ Standard - Rhythm/Bass
"Going Down"
Freddie King
1971
E Standard
Blues Song Pack III
November 19, 2019
"San Francisco"
John Lee Hooker
1963
"Bootie Cooler"
Shuggie Otis
1970
"Heartbreaker"
Pat Benatar
1979
Pat Benatar Song Pack
November 26, 2019
"We Belong"
1984
"Hell Is For Children"
1980
"Perfect Situation"
Weezer
2005
E♭ Standard - Lead/Bass; E♭ Drop D♭ - Rhythm
Weezer Song Pack II
December 3, 2019
"Beverly Hills"
E♭ Standard
"Pork and Beans"
2008
"Dancing Queen"
ABBA
1976
E Standard
ABBA Song Pack
December 10, 2019
"Fernando"
"Mamma Mia"
1975
"Crazy"
Aerosmith
1993
Aerosmith Song Pack II
December 17, 2019
"Love in an Elevator"
1989
"Train Kept A-Rollin'"
1974
"Tennessee Whiskey"
Chris Stapleton
2015
Chris Stapleton Song Pack
January 7, 2020
"Parachute"
E♭ Standard
"Nobody to Blame"
Capo Required: Drop D - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Jack & Diane"
John Mellencamp
1982
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
John Mellencamp Song Pack
January 14, 2020
"Pink Houses"
1983
Open G - Lead; E Standard - Rhythm/Bass
"Small Town"
1985
Capo Required: Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Don't Save Me"
Haim
2012
E Standard
Haim Song Pack
January 21, 2020
"Forever"
"The Wire"
2013
"House of Broken Love"
Great White
1989
Great White Song Pack
January 28, 2020
"Once Bitten, Twice Shy"
"Rock Me"
1987
"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours"
Stevie Wonder
1970
Stevie Wonder Song Pack
February 4, 2020
"Superstition"
1972
E♭ Standard - Lead/Alt. Lead/Rhythm; E♭ Drop D♭ - Bass
"I Wish"
1976
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; E♭ Standard - Bass
"Brain Stew"
Green Day
1996
E♭ Standard
Green Day IV
February 11, 2020
"Father of All..."
2020
E Standard
"Fire, Ready, Aim"
"Bruise Violet"
Babes in Toyland
1992
Riot Grrrl Song Pack
February 18, 2020
"Pretend We're Dead"
L7
"Dig Me Out"
Sleater-Kinney
1997
C♯ Standard - Lead/Rhythm; E Standard - Bass
"Black"
Sevendust
E♭ Drop D♭
Sevendust Song Pack
February 25, 2020
"Angel's Son"
2001
"Praise"
C♯ Drop B - Lead/Rhythm; E♭ Drop D♭ - Bass
"Come to My Window"
Melissa Etheridge
1993
E Standard
Melissa Etheridge Song Pack
March 3, 2020
"I'm the Only One"
"I Want to Come Over"
1995
"Stars"
Sixx:A.M.
2014
E Standard - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
Sixx:A.M. Song Pack
March 10, 2020
"Life is Beautiful"
2007
Drop D
"This is Gonna Hurt"
2011
"You're So Vain"
Carly Simon
1972
E Standard
70s Mix VI
March 17, 2020
"Saturday in the Park"
Chicago
"Breezin'"
George Benson
1976
"Piece of My Heart"
Big Brother and the Holding Company
1968
Janis Joplin Song Pack
March 24, 2020
"Summertime"
"Me and Bobby McGee"
Janis Joplin
1971
"Bleak"
Opeth
2001
Opeth Song Pack
March 31, 2020
"Blackwater Park"
Drop D
"Ghost of Perdition"
2005
Custom Tuning: DADFAE - Lead/Rhythm; Drop D - Bass
References
^ "Rocksmith Announces Bass and PC Release Date!". TheRiffRepeater. June 5, 2012. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
^ Good, Owen (April 4, 2020). "Rocksmith's DLC ends after 383 weeks". Polygon. Retrieved April 4, 2020.
^ "Rocksmith (2011) DLC Delisting". Ubisoft. October 8, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
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Downloadable songs
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rocksmith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocksmith"},{"link_name":"DLC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downloadable_content"},{"link_name":"Bass guitar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_guitar"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Rocksmith 2014","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocksmith_2014"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"a new project","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocksmith%2B"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Rocksmith supports a DLC store where users may purchase new songs, in-game pedals, and in-game amplifiers. Bass guitar functionality was added to the North American version of the game via downloadable content on August 14, 2012.[1] All DLC songs are forward-compatible with Rocksmith 2014, but DLC songs released on or after October 22, 2013, are compatible only with Rocksmith 2014 and will not play on the original version of Rocksmith.As of March 31, 2020, 1,447 additional songs have been made available as DLC, 1,444 of which are available to purchase and download from the Rocksmith store. The three songs no longer available for download for users who don't already own them are those included in the \"Holiday 3-Song Pack\".[citation needed]Almost all songs are available to buy individually. Songs by the same artist are often available as \"Song Packs\", which include three or more songs, for a discounted price.The final DLC to be released was released in March 2020, as Ubisoft San Francisco transitioned to a new project.[2] As of November 2021, the DLC for the original Rocksmith is slowly getting removed from digital storefronts as the licensing agreements for the songs expire.[3]","title":"List of downloadable songs for Rocksmith"}]
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[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Rocksmith Announces Bass and PC Release Date!\". TheRiffRepeater. June 5, 2012. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012. Retrieved August 2, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120815045957/https://theriffrepeater.com/rocksmith-announces-bass-pc-2012-e3/","url_text":"\"Rocksmith Announces Bass and PC Release Date!\""},{"url":"https://theriffrepeater.com/rocksmith-announces-bass-pc-2012-e3/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Good, Owen (April 4, 2020). \"Rocksmith's DLC ends after 383 weeks\". Polygon. Retrieved April 4, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.polygon.com/2020/4/4/21208048/rocksmith-dlc-ends-ubisoft-san-francisco-ps4-pc-xbox-one","url_text":"\"Rocksmith's DLC ends after 383 weeks\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygon_(website)","url_text":"Polygon"}]},{"reference":"\"Rocksmith (2011) DLC Delisting\". Ubisoft. October 8, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://discussions.ubisoft.com/topic/111873/rocksmith-2011-dlc-delisting?lang=en-US","url_text":"\"Rocksmith (2011) DLC Delisting\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubisoft","url_text":"Ubisoft"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120815045957/https://theriffrepeater.com/rocksmith-announces-bass-pc-2012-e3/","external_links_name":"\"Rocksmith Announces Bass and PC Release Date!\""},{"Link":"https://theriffrepeater.com/rocksmith-announces-bass-pc-2012-e3/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.polygon.com/2020/4/4/21208048/rocksmith-dlc-ends-ubisoft-san-francisco-ps4-pc-xbox-one","external_links_name":"\"Rocksmith's DLC ends after 383 weeks\""},{"Link":"https://discussions.ubisoft.com/topic/111873/rocksmith-2011-dlc-delisting?lang=en-US","external_links_name":"\"Rocksmith (2011) DLC Delisting\""}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wykes
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Robert Wykes
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["1 Works","2 References","3 External links"]
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American classical composer (1926–2021)
Robert A. Wykes (May 19, 1926 in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania; - June 29, 2021 in St. Louis, Missouri) was an American composer of contemporary classical music and flautist.
He began studying the flute as a child, then served in World War II. He then attended the Eastman School of Music, obtaining a master's degree in music theory.
He taught at Bowling Green State University from 1950 to 1952, also playing flute with the Toledo Symphony. His opera The Prankster premiered at the University in January 1952. Later that year, Wykes left Bowling Green to study and teach at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where he stayed until he graduated with a doctorate in music in 1955. He was appointed to the music faculty of Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri in 1955, becoming a full professor in 1965. He played flute with the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra from 1963 to 1967 and with the Studio for New Music from 1966 to 1969. He retired from Washington University in 1988. He was appointed composer-in-residence at the Djerassi Foundation in Woodside, California in 1989 and was a visiting scholar at the Computer Center for Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) at Stanford University in 1991. His notable students include Oliver Nelson, Olly Wilson, Jocy de Oliveira, Rhian Samuel, Gary Lee Nelson, Greg Danner and John Elwood Price.
Wykes's orchestral works have been performed by the Philadelphia Orchestra, the Minnesota Orchestra, the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra, the National Orchestra of Brazil and the Pro Arte Symphony of Brazil, and the Denver Symphony.
Wykes's music is published by Fallen Leaf Press of Berkeley, California.
Works
Film Scores
Monument to the Dream (1968); Venice Film Festival Mercuro d'Oro.
Robert Kennedy Remembered (1969); Oscar and Cindy awards.
MoPac Delivers (1975); An Industrial Film for the Missouri Pacific Railroad
The Eye of Jefferson (1977); Cine Golden Eagle Award and Chicago Film Festival Silver Plaque.
John F. Kennedy: 1917-1963 (1977); Cine Golden Eagle Award.
Water: The Source of Life (1984): for the American Pavilion, 1984 Louisiana World Exposition.
Concert Works
Toward Time’s Receding (1972); Orchestra.
A Lyric Symphony (1980); Orchestra, Friedheim Award, Honorable Mention.
Sonata for Flute and Piano, to Albert Tipton and Mary Norris, (revised 1982).
For Cello (1989); Solo Cello, Fallen Leaf Press, Berkeley, CA.
Three concert etudes: for flute alone (1989); Fallen Leaf Press, Berkeley, CA.
9 Miniatures : (three sets of three) (1993); Violin, Cello and Piano, Fallen Leaf Press, Berkeley, CA.
Lake Music (2004); Solo Alto Flute, in New Music for Solo Alto/Bass Flute, Southeast Missouri State University.
References
^ Slonimsky, Nicolas (1978). "Wykes, Robert". Baker's Biographical dictionary of musicians (6th ed.). New York: Schirmer Books. pp. 1920–1921. ISBN 0028702409.
^ "'Monument to a Dream' composer Robert Wykes dies at 95". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 9 July 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
^ Johnson Publishing Company (November 1968). "Ebony". Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company: 110–. ISSN 0012-9011. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
External links
Opera Glass
Robert Wykes at IMDb
Robert Wykes at Living Composers Project
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
United States
Artists
MusicBrainz
Other
SNAC
This article on a United States musician who plays a woodwind instrument is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This article on a flautist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Aliquippa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliquippa,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"contemporary classical music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_classical_music"},{"link_name":"flautist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flautist"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Baker's_Bio-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"Eastman School of Music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastman_School_of_Music"},{"link_name":"Bowling Green State University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_Green_State_University"},{"link_name":"Toledo Symphony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo_Symphony"},{"link_name":"opera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera"},{"link_name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana-Champaign"},{"link_name":"Washington University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis"},{"link_name":"St. Louis, Missouri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri"},{"link_name":"St. Louis Symphony Orchestra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis_Symphony_Orchestra"},{"link_name":"Woodside, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodside,_California"},{"link_name":"Stanford University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University"},{"link_name":"Oliver Nelson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Nelson"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Company1968-3"},{"link_name":"Olly Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olly_Wilson"},{"link_name":"Jocy de Oliveira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocy_de_Oliveira"},{"link_name":"Rhian Samuel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.rhiansamuel.com"},{"link_name":"Gary Lee Nelson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Lee_Nelson"},{"link_name":"Greg Danner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Danner"},{"link_name":"John Elwood Price","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Elwood_Price"},{"link_name":"Philadelphia Orchestra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Orchestra"},{"link_name":"Minnesota Orchestra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Orchestra"},{"link_name":"Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Louis_Symphony_Orchestra"},{"link_name":"Denver Symphony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver_Symphony_Orchestra"},{"link_name":"Berkeley, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley,_California"}],"text":"Robert A. Wykes (May 19, 1926 in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania; - June 29, 2021 in St. Louis, Missouri) was an American composer of contemporary classical music and flautist.[1][2]He began studying the flute as a child, then served in World War II. He then attended the Eastman School of Music, obtaining a master's degree in music theory.He taught at Bowling Green State University from 1950 to 1952, also playing flute with the Toledo Symphony. His opera The Prankster premiered at the University in January 1952. Later that year, Wykes left Bowling Green to study and teach at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where he stayed until he graduated with a doctorate in music in 1955. He was appointed to the music faculty of Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri in 1955, becoming a full professor in 1965. He played flute with the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra from 1963 to 1967 and with the Studio for New Music from 1966 to 1969. He retired from Washington University in 1988. He was appointed composer-in-residence at the Djerassi Foundation in Woodside, California in 1989 and was a visiting scholar at the Computer Center for Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) at Stanford University in 1991. His notable students include Oliver Nelson,[3] Olly Wilson, Jocy de Oliveira, Rhian Samuel, Gary Lee Nelson, Greg Danner and John Elwood Price.Wykes's orchestral works have been performed by the Philadelphia Orchestra, the Minnesota Orchestra, the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra, the National Orchestra of Brazil and the Pro Arte Symphony of Brazil, and the Denver Symphony.Wykes's music is published by Fallen Leaf Press of Berkeley, California.","title":"Robert Wykes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Monument to the Dream","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument_to_the_Dream"},{"link_name":"Robert Kennedy Remembered","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kennedy_Remembered"},{"link_name":"Albert Tipton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Tipton"},{"link_name":"Southeast Missouri State University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Missouri_State_University"}],"text":"Film ScoresMonument to the Dream (1968); Venice Film Festival Mercuro d'Oro.\nRobert Kennedy Remembered (1969); Oscar and Cindy awards.\nMoPac Delivers (1975); An Industrial Film for the Missouri Pacific Railroad\nThe Eye of Jefferson (1977); Cine Golden Eagle Award and Chicago Film Festival Silver Plaque.\nJohn F. Kennedy: 1917-1963 (1977); Cine Golden Eagle Award.\nWater: The Source of Life (1984): for the American Pavilion, 1984 Louisiana World Exposition.Concert WorksToward Time’s Receding (1972); Orchestra.\nA Lyric Symphony (1980); Orchestra, Friedheim Award, Honorable Mention.\nSonata for Flute and Piano, to Albert Tipton and Mary Norris, (revised 1982).\nFor Cello (1989); Solo Cello, Fallen Leaf Press, Berkeley, CA.\nThree concert etudes: for flute alone (1989); Fallen Leaf Press, Berkeley, CA.\n9 Miniatures : (three sets of three) (1993); Violin, Cello and Piano, Fallen Leaf Press, Berkeley, CA.\nLake Music (2004); Solo Alto Flute, in New Music for Solo Alto/Bass Flute, Southeast Missouri State University.","title":"Works"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Slonimsky, Nicolas (1978). \"Wykes, Robert\". Baker's Biographical dictionary of musicians (6th ed.). New York: Schirmer Books. pp. 1920–1921. ISBN 0028702409.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0028702409","url_text":"0028702409"}]},{"reference":"\"'Monument to a Dream' composer Robert Wykes dies at 95\". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 9 July 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/columns/joe-holleman/monument-to-a-dream-composer-robert-wykes-dies-at-95/article_25f7f6cd-962d-56ef-9e6c-cc76e81a2573.html","url_text":"\"'Monument to a Dream' composer Robert Wykes dies at 95\""}]},{"reference":"Johnson Publishing Company (November 1968). \"Ebony\". Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company: 110–. ISSN 0012-9011. Retrieved 6 November 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=1OEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA110","url_text":"\"Ebony\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0012-9011","url_text":"0012-9011"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.rhiansamuel.com/","external_links_name":"Rhian Samuel"},{"Link":"https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/columns/joe-holleman/monument-to-a-dream-composer-robert-wykes-dies-at-95/article_25f7f6cd-962d-56ef-9e6c-cc76e81a2573.html","external_links_name":"\"'Monument to a Dream' composer Robert Wykes dies at 95\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=1OEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA110","external_links_name":"\"Ebony\""},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0012-9011","external_links_name":"0012-9011"},{"Link":"http://opera.stanford.edu/composers/W.html","external_links_name":"Opera Glass"},{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3460355/","external_links_name":"Robert Wykes"},{"Link":"http://www.composers21.com/compdocs/wykesr.htm","external_links_name":"Robert Wykes at Living Composers Project"},{"Link":"http://id.worldcat.org/fast/117330/","external_links_name":"FAST"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000080874322","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/7808556","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqKdbk6rbFkvjkKVqcVmd","external_links_name":"WorldCat"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83166027","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/artist/1beb8346-fd5f-4d6c-a729-fa30373dcc64","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz"},{"Link":"https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6nc96gp","external_links_name":"SNAC"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Wykes&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Wykes&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_station_(MARC)
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Laurel station (MARC)
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["1 Station","2 Station layout","3 Gallery","4 References","5 External links"]
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Coordinates: 39°6′9″N 76°50′30″W / 39.10250°N 76.84167°W / 39.10250; -76.84167Historic passenger rail station on the MARC Camden Line in Laurel, Maryland, U.S.
LaurelMARC Commuter rail stationLaurel railroad station in December 2008General informationLocation22 Main Street, Laurel, MarylandLine(s)Capital SubdivisionPlatforms2 side platformsTracks2Connections RTA 409ConstructionParking396 spacesBicycle facilitiesYes; 10 lockersAccessibleYesHistoryOpened1884Passengers2018680 daily 2.7% (MARC)
Services
Preceding station
MARC
Following station
Muirkirktowards Union Station
Camden Line
Laurel Race Tracktowards Camden Station
Former services
Preceding station
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Following station
Muirkirktoward Chicago
Main Line
Laurel Parktoward Jersey City
Oak Cresttoward Chicago
Laurel Railroad StationU.S. National Register of Historic Places
LocationEast Main StreetLaurel, MarylandCoordinates39°6′9″N 76°50′30″W / 39.10250°N 76.84167°W / 39.10250; -76.84167Built1884ArchitectEphraim Francis BaldwinArchitectural styleQueen AnneNRHP reference No.73002165Added to NRHPMarch 30, 1973
Laurel is a historic passenger rail station on the MARC Camden Line in Laurel, Maryland, between the District of Columbia's Washington Union Station and Baltimore's Camden Station.
Station
The Laurel railroad station was originally constructed in 1884 for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad along the railroad's Washington Branch, about halfway between Baltimore and Washington, DC. The architect was E. Francis Baldwin. The structure is constructed of brick, and is one and a half stories, modified rectangle in form with overhanging gabled and hipped roof sections with brackets and terra cotta cresting, and an interior chimney. There is a louvered lunette in one gable, stick work in another, and fish-scale shingling under truncated hipped section; shed shelter, segmental arched openings. It is Queen Anne in style. It is nearly identical in plan and dimensions to the Gaithersburg, Maryland station Baldwin designed, also built in 1884, although the rooflines and settings are quite different.
Laurel station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, (although one source claims it was 1972) and was reopened as a MARC station when the Camden Line was established.
A fire gutted the interior of the station, and damaged its roof and brick walls, in January 1992.
In February 2009, Vice President Joe Biden, Governor Martin O'Malley, and Senator Ben Cardin gave a speech at Laurel station to gain support for an economic stimulus package in Congress that would provide funding to rebuild the station platform, among many other Maryland infrastructure projects. The funding bill passed and by mid-March, construction fencing went up for an anticipated six months of work on a new platform and other station improvement.
Station layout
The station has two side platforms and a station house adjacent to the southbound platform. The station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
Gallery
Laurel Railroad Station Historic Marker in December 2008
Downtown-side view of Laurel station in December 2008
A freight train passes through Laurel station.
References
^ a b "MARC Station Information". Maryland Transit Administration. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
^ "December 2018 MARC performance (for Nov 18) – Ridership" (PDF). Maryland Transportation Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
^ "MARC System Map (includes Laurel)". Maryland Transit Administration. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
^ Arthur C. Townsend (June 1972). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Laurel Railroad Station" (PDF). Maryland Historical Trust. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
^ Avery, Carlos P. (2003). E. Francis Baldwin, Architect: The B&O, Baltimore, and Beyond. Baltimore, Maryland: Baltimore Architecture Foundation. pp. 33, 128. ISBN 0-9729743-0-X.
^ "Laurel Rail Depot Burns". highbeam.com. The Washington Post. January 15, 1992. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
^ Bartlett, Anne; Wan, William (February 5, 2009). "Biden Visits Laurel to Stump for Stimulus". The Washington Post.
^ Sparks, Leonard (February 5, 2009). "Biden Visits Laurel to Praise Stimulus". Southern Maryland Online. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
^ Thomson, Robert (March 13, 2009). "The Weekend and Beyond". Get There. The Washington Post. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
External links
Media related to Laurel (MARC station) at Wikimedia Commons
Laurel Railroad Station, Prince George's County, Inventory No.: PG:LAU-6, including photo in 1975, at Maryland Historical Trust website
Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. MD-973, "Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Station, Laurel, 101 Lafayette Avenue, Laurel, Prince George's County, MD", 14 photos, 9 data pages, 1 photo caption page
Main Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
vteLaurel, MarylandSchools
PGCPS
Laurel HS
St. Vincent Pallotti HS
NRHP properties
(Old) Laurel High School
Laurel station
Nearby: Montpelier Mansion
Snow Hill
Landmarks
First United Methodist Church
Ivy Hill Cemetery
Laurel Museum
Laurel Shopping Center
Oseh Shalom Synagogue
Towne Centre at Laurel
Former
Avondale Mill
Laurel Mall
Laurel Sanitarium
Transportation
Laurel station
Nearby: Laurel Race Track station
Media
Laurel Leader
WACA
This list is incomplete.Laurel Park is in Maryland City in nearby Anne Arundel CountyCapitol Technology University (former Beltsville Speedway/Baltimore-Washington Speedway site) is in South LaurelUniversity of Maryland Laurel Regional Hospital is outside of the city limits
vte MARC TrainPenn
Perryville
Aberdeen
Edgewood
Martin State Airport
Penn Station
West Baltimore
Halethorpe
BWI Rail
Odenton
Bowie State
Seabrook
New Carrollton
Union Station
Camden
Camden Station
St. Denis
Dorsey
Jessup
Savage
Laurel Race Track
Laurel
Muirkirk
Greenbelt
College Park
Riverdale
Union Station
Brunswick
Martinsburg
Duffields
Harpers Ferry
Brunswick
Point of Rocks
Frederick
Monocacy
Dickerson
Barnesville
Boyds
Germantown
Metropolitan Grove
Gaithersburg
Washington Grove
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Garrett Park
Kensington
Silver Spring
Union Station
Administered by the Maryland Transit Administration and operated by Bombardier and Amtrak
vteU.S. National Register of Historic Places in MarylandTopics
Contributing property
Keeper of the Register
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Category:National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Portal:National Register of Historic Places
|
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Francis Baldwin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Francis_Baldwin"},{"link_name":"terra cotta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_cotta"},{"link_name":"lunette","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunette"},{"link_name":"Queen Anne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mht_ihp-5"},{"link_name":"Gaithersburg, Maryland station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaithersburg_station"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"National Register of Historic Places","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nris-3"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Joe Biden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden"},{"link_name":"Martin O'Malley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley"},{"link_name":"Ben Cardin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Cardin"},{"link_name":"economic stimulus package","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"The Laurel railroad station was originally constructed in 1884 for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad along the railroad's Washington Branch, about halfway between Baltimore and Washington, DC. The architect was E. Francis Baldwin. The structure is constructed of brick, and is one and a half stories, modified rectangle in form with overhanging gabled and hipped roof sections with brackets and terra cotta cresting, and an interior chimney. There is a louvered lunette in one gable, stick work in another, and fish-scale shingling under truncated hipped section; shed shelter, segmental arched openings. It is Queen Anne in style.[5] It is nearly identical in plan and dimensions to the Gaithersburg, Maryland station Baldwin designed, also built in 1884, although the rooflines and settings are quite different.[6]Laurel station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973,[3] (although one source claims it was 1972) and was reopened as a MARC station when the Camden Line was established.A fire gutted the interior of the station, and damaged its roof and brick walls, in January 1992.[7]In February 2009, Vice President Joe Biden, Governor Martin O'Malley, and Senator Ben Cardin gave a speech at Laurel station to gain support for an economic stimulus package in Congress that would provide funding to rebuild the station platform, among many other Maryland infrastructure projects.[8][9] The funding bill passed and by mid-March, construction fencing went up for an anticipated six months of work on a new platform and other station improvement.[10]","title":"Station"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"side platforms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side_platform"},{"link_name":"Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990"}],"text":"The station has two side platforms and a station house adjacent to the southbound platform. The station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.","title":"Station layout"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Laurel_Station_Plaque_Dec_08.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Laurel_Railroad_Station_West_Side_Dec_08.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LaurelRRDepot.jpg"}],"text":"Laurel Railroad Station Historic Marker in December 2008\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tDowntown-side view of Laurel station in December 2008\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tA freight train passes through Laurel station.","title":"Gallery"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"MARC Station Information\". Maryland Transit Administration. Retrieved May 13, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://mta.maryland.gov/marc-station-information","url_text":"\"MARC Station Information\""}]},{"reference":"\"December 2018 MARC performance (for Nov 18) – Ridership\" (PDF). Maryland Transportation Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/mta-website-staging/mta-website-staging/files/Community/December%202018%20MARC%20performance%20(for%20Nov%2018)%20-%20Ridership.pdf","url_text":"\"December 2018 MARC performance (for Nov 18) – Ridership\""}]},{"reference":"\"National Register Information System\". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP","url_text":"\"National Register Information System\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places","url_text":"National Register of Historic Places"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service","url_text":"National Park Service"}]},{"reference":"\"MARC System Map (includes Laurel)\". Maryland Transit Administration. Retrieved May 13, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://mta.maryland.gov/sites/default/files/MARCsystemmap.JPG","url_text":"\"MARC System Map (includes Laurel)\""}]},{"reference":"Arthur C. Townsend (June 1972). \"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Laurel Railroad Station\" (PDF). Maryland Historical Trust. Retrieved 2015-08-01.","urls":[{"url":"https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/NR_PDFs/NR-136.pdf","url_text":"\"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Laurel Railroad Station\""}]},{"reference":"Avery, Carlos P. (2003). E. Francis Baldwin, Architect: The B&O, Baltimore, and Beyond. Baltimore, Maryland: Baltimore Architecture Foundation. pp. 33, 128. ISBN 0-9729743-0-X.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9729743-0-X","url_text":"0-9729743-0-X"}]},{"reference":"\"Laurel Rail Depot Burns\". highbeam.com. The Washington Post. January 15, 1992. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved 2009-04-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121025065405/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-985455.html","url_text":"\"Laurel Rail Depot Burns\""},{"url":"http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-985455.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Bartlett, Anne; Wan, William (February 5, 2009). \"Biden Visits Laurel to Stump for Stimulus\". The Washington Post.","urls":[{"url":"http://voices.washingtonpost.com/annapolis/2009/02/biden_visits_laurel_to_stump_f.html","url_text":"\"Biden Visits Laurel to Stump for Stimulus\""}]},{"reference":"Sparks, Leonard (February 5, 2009). \"Biden Visits Laurel to Praise Stimulus\". Southern Maryland Online. Retrieved February 7, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://somd.com/news/headlines/2009/9330.php","url_text":"\"Biden Visits Laurel to Praise Stimulus\""}]},{"reference":"Thomson, Robert (March 13, 2009). \"The Weekend and Beyond\". Get There. The Washington Post. Retrieved February 7, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://voices.washingtonpost.com/getthere/2009/03/the_weekend_and_beyond_58.html","url_text":"\"The Weekend and Beyond\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laurel_station_(MARC)¶ms=39_6_9_N_76_50_30_W_type:landmark_region:US","external_links_name":"39°6′9″N 76°50′30″W / 39.10250°N 76.84167°W / 39.10250; -76.84167"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Laurel_station_(MARC)¶ms=39_6_9_N_76_50_30_W_type:landmark_region:US","external_links_name":"39°6′9″N 76°50′30″W / 39.10250°N 76.84167°W / 39.10250; -76.84167"},{"Link":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/73002165","external_links_name":"73002165"},{"Link":"https://mta.maryland.gov/marc-station-information","external_links_name":"\"MARC Station Information\""},{"Link":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/mta-website-staging/mta-website-staging/files/Community/December%202018%20MARC%20performance%20(for%20Nov%2018)%20-%20Ridership.pdf","external_links_name":"\"December 2018 MARC performance (for Nov 18) – Ridership\""},{"Link":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP","external_links_name":"\"National Register Information System\""},{"Link":"https://mta.maryland.gov/sites/default/files/MARCsystemmap.JPG","external_links_name":"\"MARC System Map (includes Laurel)\""},{"Link":"https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/NR_PDFs/NR-136.pdf","external_links_name":"\"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Laurel Railroad Station\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121025065405/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-985455.html","external_links_name":"\"Laurel Rail Depot Burns\""},{"Link":"http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-985455.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://voices.washingtonpost.com/annapolis/2009/02/biden_visits_laurel_to_stump_f.html","external_links_name":"\"Biden Visits Laurel to Stump for Stimulus\""},{"Link":"http://somd.com/news/headlines/2009/9330.php","external_links_name":"\"Biden Visits Laurel to Praise Stimulus\""},{"Link":"http://voices.washingtonpost.com/getthere/2009/03/the_weekend_and_beyond_58.html","external_links_name":"\"The Weekend and Beyond\""},{"Link":"https://apps.mht.maryland.gov/nr/NRDetail.aspx?NRID=138","external_links_name":"Laurel Railroad Station, Prince George's County, Inventory No.: PG:LAU-6"},{"Link":"https://loc.gov/pictures/item/md1163/","external_links_name":"Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Station, Laurel, 101 Lafayette Avenue, Laurel, Prince George's County, MD"},{"Link":"https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=39.102616,-76.841469&spn=0.003963,0.013443&z=17&layer=c&cbll=39.102667,-76.841553&panoid=g_uCt6FDrRoazqkHR03tMA&cbp=12,189.17,,0,3.49","external_links_name":"Main Street entrance from Google Maps Street View"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiu_Chi_Ling
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Chiu Chi-ling
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["1 References","2 External links"]
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Hong Kong actor
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Chiu Chi-lingBorn1943 (age 80–81)Hong Kong, ChinaOccupation(s)Actor, martial arts teacherYears active1978–presentChinese nameTraditional Chinese趙志淩Simplified Chinese赵志凌TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinZhào ZhìlíngYue: CantoneseJyutpingZiu6 Zi3ling4
Chiu Chi-ling (Chinese: 趙志淩; Jyutping: ziu6 zi3 ling4; born 1943) is a martial artist and actor who appears mostly in Kung Fu style movies produced in Hong Kong. He also teaches Hung Gar Kung Fu at Chiu Chi-ling Hung Gar Kung Fu Association, a San Francisco-based martial arts school he founded, and at the old Chiu Family Kwoon in Hong Kong rooted under the lineage of Lam Sai-wing. Every year he visits his students and grand students around the world and organizes worldwide Kung Fu tournaments. The Kung Fu style he is part of was passed down directly from southern shaolin temple and carries names like Hung Hei-gun and Wong Fei-hung.
He has appeared in over 70 movies, both as an actor and stunt man. His abilities as an actor and martial arts practitioner has allowed him to work with most of the top Hong Kong film makers including Bruce Li, Jackie Chan, Chow Yun-fat and Stephen Chow.
He started practising Hung Gar Kung Fu when he was six years old under the tutelage of his father Chiu Kau (who won with the famous tiger-crane set over the whole of China in his sixties) and mother Chiu Shiu-ying, who were renowned for their solid Hung Gar. They were also both well-known doctors and Chiu learned from his father, beside the art of Kung Fu, the art of bone setting (Dit-Da).
In the early 1970s, he opened a school which attracted many celebrities, athletes and performers. This exposure to the entertainment industry gave him his start in acting. He has appeared in such well-known Kung Fu style movies as Snake in the Eagle's Shadow, Duel of the Seven Tigers, the comic smash-hit Kung Fu Hustle, Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons. Adventures of Power and The Mermaid. Chiu Chu-ling has also appeared in Tiger and Crane Shaolin Kung Fu demonstrating the techniques from shaolin tiger and crane.
He currently resides in Alameda, California.
References
^ TanDaoKungFu, Street Fighting, Shaolin Style, retrieved 2019-01-20
^ Wu Tang Collection, Wu Tang Collection - Tiger and Crane Shaolin Kung Fu, retrieved 2019-01-20
External links
Chi-ling Chiu at IMDb
Picture of Young Grandmaster Chiu Chi-ling
sample techniques used in Hung Gar kung fu
Official GM Chiu Chi-ling homepage Europe
Official GM Chiu Chi-ling homepage Mexico
International Chiu Chi-ling Hung Gar Kung Fu Association Oaxaca - Mexico Branch
Adventures of Power
Kung Fu Hustle
Authority control databases International
VIAF
WorldCat
National
United States
This article about a Hong Kong actor is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This biographical article related to martial arts in Hong Kong is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chinese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language"},{"link_name":"Jyutping","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyutping"},{"link_name":"martial artist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_artist"},{"link_name":"actor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor"},{"link_name":"Kung Fu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kung_Fu"},{"link_name":"movies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film"},{"link_name":"Hong Kong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong"},{"link_name":"Hung Gar Kung Fu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hung_Gar"},{"link_name":"San Francisco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco,_California"},{"link_name":"martial arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_arts"},{"link_name":"Lam Sai-wing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lam_Sai_Wing"},{"link_name":"shaolin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery"},{"link_name":"Hung Hei-gun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hung_Hei-gun"},{"link_name":"Wong Fei-hung","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Fei-hung"},{"link_name":"stunt man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stunt_man"},{"link_name":"Bruce Li","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Li"},{"link_name":"Jackie Chan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Chan"},{"link_name":"Chow Yun-fat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chow_Yun-fat"},{"link_name":"Stephen Chow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Chow"},{"link_name":"Dit-Da","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dit_Da"},{"link_name":"school","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School"},{"link_name":"Snake in the Eagle's Shadow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_in_the_Eagle%27s_Shadow"},{"link_name":"Duel of the Seven Tigers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duel_of_the_Seven_Tigers&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kung Fu Hustle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kung_Fu_Hustle"},{"link_name":"Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journey_to_the_West:_Conquering_the_Demons"},{"link_name":"Adventures of Power","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventures_of_Power"},{"link_name":"The Mermaid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mermaid_(2016_film)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Alameda, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alameda,_California"}],"text":"Chiu Chi-ling (Chinese: 趙志淩; Jyutping: ziu6 zi3 ling4; born 1943) is a martial artist and actor who appears mostly in Kung Fu style movies produced in Hong Kong. He also teaches Hung Gar Kung Fu at Chiu Chi-ling Hung Gar Kung Fu Association, a San Francisco-based martial arts school he founded, and at the old Chiu Family Kwoon in Hong Kong rooted under the lineage of Lam Sai-wing. Every year he visits his students and grand students around the world and organizes worldwide Kung Fu tournaments. The Kung Fu style he is part of was passed down directly from southern shaolin temple and carries names like Hung Hei-gun and Wong Fei-hung.He has appeared in over 70 movies, both as an actor and stunt man. His abilities as an actor and martial arts practitioner has allowed him to work with most of the top Hong Kong film makers including Bruce Li, Jackie Chan, Chow Yun-fat and Stephen Chow.He started practising Hung Gar Kung Fu when he was six years old under the tutelage of his father Chiu Kau (who won with the famous tiger-crane set over the whole of China in his sixties) and mother Chiu Shiu-ying, who were renowned for their solid Hung Gar. They were also both well-known doctors and Chiu learned from his father, beside the art of Kung Fu, the art of bone setting (Dit-Da).In the early 1970s, he opened a school which attracted many celebrities, athletes and performers. This exposure to the entertainment industry gave him his start in acting. He has appeared in such well-known Kung Fu style movies as Snake in the Eagle's Shadow, Duel of the Seven Tigers, the comic smash-hit Kung Fu Hustle, Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons. Adventures of Power and The Mermaid. Chiu Chu-ling has also appeared in Tiger and Crane Shaolin Kung Fu demonstrating the techniques from shaolin tiger and crane.[1][2]He currently resides in Alameda, California.","title":"Chiu Chi-ling"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"TanDaoKungFu, Street Fighting, Shaolin Style, retrieved 2019-01-20","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nu29xqjzmJM&app=desktop","url_text":"Street Fighting, Shaolin Style"}]},{"reference":"Wu Tang Collection, Wu Tang Collection - Tiger and Crane Shaolin Kung Fu, retrieved 2019-01-20","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbOfHDAbgss&app=desktop","url_text":"Wu Tang Collection - Tiger and Crane Shaolin Kung Fu"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nu29xqjzmJM&app=desktop","external_links_name":"Street Fighting, Shaolin Style"},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbOfHDAbgss&app=desktop","external_links_name":"Wu Tang Collection - Tiger and Crane Shaolin Kung Fu"},{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1787710/","external_links_name":"Chi-ling Chiu"},{"Link":"http://www.afn.org/~afn59160/images/chuchilingbws.jpg","external_links_name":"Picture of Young Grandmaster Chiu Chi-ling"},{"Link":"http://www.afn.org/~afn59160/sillumhistorycont3.htm","external_links_name":"sample techniques used in Hung Gar kung fu"},{"Link":"https://www.chiuchiling.eu/","external_links_name":"Official GM Chiu Chi-ling homepage Europe"},{"Link":"http://www.chiuchiling.mex.tl/","external_links_name":"Official GM Chiu Chi-ling homepage Mexico"},{"Link":"http://www.hunggaroaxaca.mex.tl/","external_links_name":"International Chiu Chi-ling Hung Gar Kung Fu Association Oaxaca - Mexico Branch"},{"Link":"http://www.adventuresofpower.com/","external_links_name":"Adventures of Power"},{"Link":"http://www.sonyclassics.com/kungfuhustle/splash/brothersum/","external_links_name":"Kung Fu Hustle"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/296395559","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjCPByDKxWcbkKCMcVDMP","external_links_name":"WorldCat"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2013017498","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chiu_Chi-ling&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chiu_Chi-ling&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garfield_Park_(Indianapolis)
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Garfield Park (Indianapolis)
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["1 Geography","2 History","2.1 1800s","2.2 1900s","3 Conservatory, Sunken Gardens, and Blake's Garden","4 Facilities","4.1 Pagoda","4.2 Garfield Park Arts Center","4.3 MacAllister Center for the Performing Arts","4.4 Burrello Family Center and Aquatic Center","4.5 Other facilities","5 Memorials","6 List of points of interest","7 See also","8 Notes","9 References","10 External links"]
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Coordinates: 39°43′55.49″N 86°08′31.27″W / 39.7320806°N 86.1420194°W / 39.7320806; -86.1420194Municipal park in Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.
For the park and conservatory in Chicago, Illinois, see Garfield Park (Chicago).
Garfield ParkGarfield Park landscape in 2008Location in IndianapolisTypeUrban parkLocation2345 Pagoda Dr.Conservatory: 2505 Conservatory Dr.Arts Center: 2432 Conservatory Dr.Indianapolis, Indiana, USACoordinates39°43′55.49″N 86°08′31.27″W / 39.7320806°N 86.1420194°W / 39.7320806; -86.1420194Area128 acres (52 ha)Created1881 (1881)Operated byIndy Parks and RecreationOpenAll yearWebsiteGarfield Park
Garfield ParkU.S. Historic districtContributing property
Part ofIndianapolis Park and Boulevard System (ID03000149)Added to NRHPMarch 28, 2003
Garfield Park is a 128-acre (52 ha) urban park in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Established in the late 19th century, it is the oldest city park in Indianapolis and is on the National Register of Historic Places. The park is located at the confluence of Pleasant Run and Bean Creeks on the near Southside of Indianapolis. The 10,000-square-foot (930 m2) Conservatory and Sunken Gardens are located in the eastern portion of the park. The noted landscape architect George Edward Kessler designed the Sunken Gardens along with many of the other features of the park as part of his Park and Boulevard Plan for the city.
Geography
Garfield Park is bounded by Raymond Street on the north; South Garfield Drive, East Garfield Drive, and Shelby Street on the east; Southern Avenue on the south; and the Louisville and Indiana Railroad tracks on the west. Emmerich Manual High School lies directly to the west on the other side of the railroad track embankment.
Much of the park is rolling fields, due at least in part to its location at the confluence of Pleasant Run and Bean Creeks. Pleasant Run enters the park from the north and flows southwest before exiting on the west. Bean Creek enters from the south near Shelby Street and flows northwest until joining Pleasant Run. Seven bridges span the streams within the park; three of them are for pedestrians only. The oldest of these bridges are constructed of limestone.
Garfield Park is an integral component of the Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System designed by George Kessler. Pleasant Run Parkway North Drive passes through the park as it follows the stream from the east side of Indianapolis toward the White River. The Pleasant Run Trail runs north from Garfield Park to Christian Park and Ellenberger Park, also following the creek; it enters the park on a boardwalk that passes beneath the Raymond Street bridge over the creek. The trail connects with a number of paths within the park. A large hill between the trail and South Garfield Drive is used for sledding during the winter.
A dam located where the two creeks meet at one time created a pond that was used for ice skating during the winter. That dam has since been removed, but remnants of it can still be seen near the Pagoda Drive bridge. A 1992 tornado destroyed twenty percent of Garfield Park's trees, but a number of large trees, including oaks, maples, sycamores, ginkgoes, and catalpas, still shade the park.
History
1800s
In 1871 the Jeffersonville Railroad sold 98 acres (40 ha) of right-of-way known as Bradley Woods to a horse track organization. The group's intent was to create a racetrack whose harness racing events and annual fair would compete with the Indiana State Fair. However, the Southern Riding Park proved to be an unsuccessful venture, in part because it was not easily accessible to the residents of the city. The Panic of 1873 caused the acreage to be sold to N. R. Rucker, the Marion County sheriff, who himself sold the area to the city of Indianapolis shortly thereafter in 1874 for $109,500. The city in turn leased the property to the Indiana Trotting Association; that group also failed, so control reverted to the city.
The city opened what was originally named Southern Park in 1876, the first park owned by the city itself. While University Park and Military Park are older, both are owned by the state of Indiana rather than the city. The park was renamed for President James Garfield soon after his assassination in 1881. Use of the park remained low during its first two decades because of its distance from the city proper and its lack of facilities. The City Council heard and rejected proposals to use the land for a dairy farm (1877), a city cemetery (1882), a factory (1885); and to relocate the Indiana State Fair in exchange for the then-current fair site in Morton Place (1878).
In 1888, the City Council appropriated $10,000 for improvements in the park, including a bridge over Pleasant Run. By 1895 a streetcar line had been extended to the park, allowing easier access. The Board of Park Commissioners was created in 1895 and another $10,000 was appropriated for repairs and to plan and remodel the facilities; in prior years improvements had been made haphazardly.
Major improvements were made almost annually for the next twenty years: a bicycle path in 1901; the Pagoda in 1903; increase in greenhouse capacity from 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2) to 200,000 square feet (19,000 m2) in 1904; exhibition cages for bears, monkeys, and small animals in 1905; tennis courts and brick and limestone entrance and corner posts, also in 1905; and two swimming beaches on Bean Creek, one for boys and one for girls, in 1910.
Additional land was acquired for the park starting in 1893. Between 1893 and 1895, a strip of land running from the then-eastern boundary of the park to Shelby Street along what is now East Garfield Drive were added. In 1899 several acres in the northwest corner of the park were acquired. The final addition came in 1912 through 1915 when 25 acres (10 ha) of the Yoke farmstead were purchased as the result of a bequest from Alfred Burdsal; this area extended south from the 1893/1895 addition to Southern Avenue and includes the site of the Conservatory and Sunken Gardens. The result of these acquisitions was to increase the size of Garfield Park to 128 acres (52 ha).
1900s
Stone bridge and pagoda, 1907 postcard
In 1908, the city hired the noted landscape architect George Kessler to develop a Park and Boulevard Plan, which was adopted in 1909. Kessler spent the next several years detailing those plans. In 1912 he created a complete master plan for Garfield Park, one of only a few parks for which he completed a full plan. One of his aims in this plan was to make use of the existing improvements in the park. The formal Sunken Gardens, along with new bridges, were the major new elements in his plan.
On July 14, 1919, a race riot started in the park and ended at a nearby house. Multiple people, including a seven-year-old girl, were wounded when gunfire broke out at the house.
Major improvements to the park ceased due to financial constraints faced by the city during the Great Depression and World War II. Maintenance of the park continued to be a problem in the post-war years, although some new construction occurred, including the erection of a new conservatory building in 1954. Vandalism and other crime increased, and in response, the city closed the park at night. Part of the loop or park roadways were closed off and eventually removed to reduce through traffic in the belief that doing so would also reduce the opportunity for criminal activity.
The general deterioration of park structures led, in the case of the Pagoda, to it being scheduled for demolition in the 1970s. Community opposition to the demolition and funds collected as a result allowed the Pagoda to be restored. Other restoration efforts followed. The Sunken Gardens were renovated around 1970 and in 1977 to 1978, and again in 1998. A new Family Center and outdoor Aquatic Center were opened in 1996, replacing the old pool. In 2006 the Community House was remodeled to become the Arts Center.
A Garfield Park Master Plan was created by the Department of Metropolitan Development and updated in 1989 to guide future restoration and development of the park. In 1995, a new plan was prepared by Ratio Architects, and major funding was obtained to begin major restorations in 1996. The Friends of Garfield Park was formed in 1998 to aid in the protection and maintenance of the park and established the Garfield Park Fund to help finance those efforts.
Conservatory, Sunken Gardens, and Blake's Garden
Garfield Park Conservatory
Garfield Park Sunken Gardens
The first conservatory building in Garfield Park was built in 1915. By mid-century, its condition had deteriorated and so it was replaced in 1954 with a new structure designed by the Indianapolis architectural firm of Burns and Burns. The 10,000 square foot (930 m2) Conservatory is constructed of welded-aluminum and glass, and was the first of its kind in the United States. It was renovated in 1997.
Also in 1954, the Pioneer Family fountain was moved to the Conservatory because of traffic congestion at its original site at the intersection of Virginia Avenue and Prospect and Shelby streets in Fountain Square. It remained at the Conservatory until 1969, when it was returned to Fountain Square. From 2009 to 2012 it was again temporarily moved to the Conservatory while a new site in Fountain Square was prepared.
The Conservatory features tropical plants, including an Amazon River rainforest, a large collection of bromeliads, orchids, and other epiphytes planted in a natural setting, along with miscellaneous flowering plants. A chief attraction is the indoor 15-foot-tall (4.6 m) granite waterfall. Visitors can guide themselves around the conservatory.
The Sunken Gardens (3 acres (1.2 ha)) were designed by George E. Kessler and dedicated in 1916. They are European-style formal gardens, with three fountains, paved brick walkways, and benches. They are replanted three times a year with seasonal displays, taking advantage of the tulips of spring, the annuals of summer, and the chrysanthemums of autumn. The fountains and floral displays have been held in high regard throughout the American Midwest since its 1916 dedication. Fish ponds were included in the original design but have since been removed.
The fountains, the work of F. W. Darlington, are an example of musical fountains with colored lights and synchronized music. Several renovations have been undertaken since the fountains were inaugurated in 1916, including one in 1998 that was funded by Lilly Endowment. In October 2013, a $1.23 million makeover saw the installation of 61 LED illumination lights and 2,500 water jet nozzles, all under computer control.
Both the Conservatory and the Gardens are open seven days a week, during business hours. During the Christmas season the Conservatory has its Annual Holiday Poinsettia Show. In the summer, the Sunken gardens features concerts, collectively known as Music in the Garden. The grounds are available for weddings, but not for other private events.
The garden space just east of the Conservatory was known as the Children's Garden until a renovation and renaming to Blake's Garden in 2019. Blake's Garden is named for Blake Bowell, who had grown up, worked at, and spent time in Garfield Park until his death in 2017 at the age of 25 due to brain cancer. The garden is home to Fran's Place, an educational space dedicated to the wife of P. E. MacAllister for whom the MacAllister Center for the Performing Arts is named. Just inside the gates is the Divine Light sculpture created by Indiana native and Bowell family friend, Kenzie Funk. Blake's Garden was awarded the 2019 People's Choice Award and the 2019 Achievement Award for Landscape Architecture by the Indy Chamber Monumental Affairs Awards. In addition it was awarded the 2019 Indiana Parks and Recreation Award for Excellence in Landscape Design.
Facilities
Besides the Conservatory and Sunken Gardens, Garfield Park contains a number of public facilities.
Pagoda
The Pagoda is so named because of the strong Asian influence in the design of its roof. The curved copper roof covers the otherwise-open wrought iron, rock, and concrete structure. Built in 1903, this picnic shelter was intended to take advantage of the then-popular fad of opera. Originally it also housed the superintendent's office, a storage room, and, in a lower level, public restrooms. The office and restrooms were later removed. The most recent renovation was in 1995, at which time the structure was made ADA-compliant. A playground and parking lot are located to the south of the Pagoda.
Garfield Park Arts Center
Garfield Park Arts Center in 2022
The Community House (or as it was also known, the Shelter House) was built in 1922. Located in the center of the park on the hillside to the west of Bean Creek, it was designed to look like a picnic shelter with enclosing walls, high ceilings, and fireplaces at each end. It served as the site of the Children's Museum of Indianapolis for one year in 1926. The basement, which has a ground-level entrance at the bottom of the hill, originally was used as a children's playroom. In 1930, an outdoor swimming pool was constructed at the bottom of the hill between the Community House and the creek, and the basement was converted into locker rooms. The main floor also served as a small basketball court. In the late 1990s, the old pool was removed because it had deteriorated and had been replaced by the Aquatic Center. In 2006 the Community House was remodeled and enlarged using a $2.7 million grant from Lilly Endowment to become the Garfield Park Arts Center. The 8,000 square foot (740 m2) facility now houses a multi-use performing arts space, an exhibition hall, visual and production arts classrooms, a recording studio, a literary arts library, and a rehearsal room.
MacAllister Center for the Performing Arts
MacAllister Center for the Performing Arts in 2022
The MacAllister Center for the Performing Arts, originally known as the Amphitheatre, was constructed in the mid-1920s. It lies southeast of the Arts Center and consists of a covered stage with outdoor bench and lawn seating. It has hosted a number of musical and theatrical shows, including the first production of Starlight Musicals in 1944. Local Shakespeare groups have often performed at the center. The Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra has regularly scheduled one of its Symphony in the Parks events each summer, and the annual America We Remember music and fireworks show is well-attended.
Burrello Family Center and Aquatic Center
In 1998, the Burrello Family Center and Aquatic Center opened, replacing the old pool and basketball court at the Community House. This facility is located at 2345 Pagoda Drive, just south of the point where Bean Creek joins Pleasant Run. The outdoor Aquatic Center is open during the summer months. The Family Center contains fitness and other recreational facilities in addition to the gymnasium.
Other facilities
Garfield Park Branch of the Indianapolis Public Library
Other facilities include tennis courts in the southeast corner near the intersection of Shelby Street and Southern Avenue, ball fields in the west along Pagoda Drive, and horseshoe pits across Bean Creek from the Burrello Family Center.
Facilities of two other governmental units have also been constructed within the park boundaries in more recent years. The Garfield Park Branch (formerly known as the Shelby Branch) of the Indianapolis Public Library is located on the eastern edge of the park at 2502 Shelby Street, directly east of the Conservatory and Sunken Gardens. The 6,400 square foot (590 m2) building opened on November 8, 1965. An extensive renovation was undertaken in 2011, with the library reopening on November 3, 2011, at which time its name was changed to the Garfield Park Branch. Station 29 of the Indianapolis Fire Department is located at 602 E. Pleasant Run Parkway, North Drive near the Grove of Remembrance in the northern section of the park; the station was opened on April 17, 1991.
Memorials
Statue of Henry Ware Lawton near the Garfield Park Conservatory
Two memorials are within the grounds of Garfield Park.
The Grove of Remembrance was created in 1920. Located in the northwestern section of the park, it honors the fallen soldiers from Indianapolis in World War I. Originally a tree was planted for each individual soldier, 387 in total.
A statue of Major General Henry W. Lawton of Fort Wayne was created by the sculptor Andrew O'Connor. Lawton fought in the American Civil War, later led the capture of the Apache warrior Geronimo, and died in the Philippines during the Spanish–American War. The statue is located just north of the Conservatory, and was placed in Garfield Park in 1915, being moved from its original location on the grounds of the old Marion County Courthouse.
The Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument, a granite shaft dedicated to the 1,616 Confederate soldiers who died at the Camp Morton prison camp, stood on the southern edge of the park for over 80 years. The monument originally was erected in 1912 in the old Greenlawn Cemetery where the soldiers had been buried. When that cemetery was later closed, the remains of the soldiers were moved between 1928 and 1933 to Crown Hill Cemetery. At the request of the Southern Club of Indianapolis, the monument was moved to the site in Garfield Park near the Southern Avenue entrance to make it more visible to the public; there were plans to eventually move the monument to Crown Hill, but for financial or other reasons it remained in the park. On June 4, 2020, Mayor Joe Hogsett announced plans to dismantle and remove the monument. The decision came in the midst of nationwide protests of police brutality following the murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis Police.
List of points of interest
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Points of interest within Garfield Park
Landmark
Location
Conservatory
39°43′56″N 86°08′29″W / 39.732120°N 86.141303°W / 39.732120; -86.141303 (Conservatory)
Sunken Gardens
39°43′56″N 86°08′31″W / 39.732093°N 86.142074°W / 39.732093; -86.142074 (Sunken Gardens)
Pagoda
39°43′56″N 86°08′50″W / 39.732127°N 86.147172°W / 39.732127; -86.147172 (Pagoda)
Garfield Park Arts Center
39°43′58″N 86°08′48″W / 39.732666°N 86.146551°W / 39.732666; -86.146551 (Garfield Park Arts Center)
MacAllister Center for the Performing Arts
39°43′55″N 86°08′42″W / 39.731854°N 86.144935°W / 39.731854; -86.144935 (MacAllister Center for the Performing Arts)
Burrello Family Center and Aquatic Center
39°44′03″N 86°08′54″W / 39.734102°N 86.148251°W / 39.734102; -86.148251 (Burrello Family Center and Aquatic Center)
Tennis Courts
39°43′51″N 86°08′25″W / 39.730835°N 86.140290°W / 39.730835; -86.140290 (Tennis Courts)
Horseshoe Pits
39°44′07″N 86°08′54″W / 39.735345°N 86.148347°W / 39.735345; -86.148347 (Horseshoe Pits)
Garfield Park Branch Library
39°43′55″N 86°08′24″W / 39.731948°N 86.140007°W / 39.731948; -86.140007 (Garfield Park Branch Library)
Fire Station 29
39°44′13″N 86°08′53″W / 39.736819°N 86.148167°W / 39.736819; -86.148167 (Fire Station 29)
Former site of Camp Morton POW Memorial
39°43′51″N 86°08′38″W / 39.730741°N 86.143934°W / 39.730741; -86.143934 (Camp Morton POW Memorial)
Grove of Remembrance
39°44′10″N 86°08′57″W / 39.736218°N 86.149230°W / 39.736218; -86.149230 (Grove of Remembrance)
Henry W. Lawton Statue
39°43′58″N 86°08′30″W / 39.732885°N 86.141577°W / 39.732885; -86.141577 (Henry W. Lawton Statue)
Pleasant Run Trail Trailhead
39°44′09″N 86°08′48″W / 39.735970°N 86.146622°W / 39.735970; -86.146622 (Pleasant Run Trail Trailhead)
See also
List of parks in Indianapolis
List of botanical gardens and arboretums in Indiana
Notes
^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
^ a b c d e Bodenhamer & Barrows 1994, p. 608.
^ a b c d e Conn 2006, p. 90.
^ a b Taylor et al. 1989, p. 424.
^ a b Department of Metropolitan Development 1989, p. 2.
^ a b c Department of Metropolitan Development 1989, p. 3.
^ Bodenhamer & Barrows 1994, p. 609.
^ National Park Service.
^ The Chattanooga News (July 14, 1919). "Shot During Riot: White Boys and Negroes Clash at Park In Indianapolis". The Chattanooga News. Chattanooga & Hamilton, Tennessee: News Pub. Co. p. 1. ISSN 2471-1977. OCLC 12703770. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
^ Heritage Landscapes 2004, pp. II.12–II.14.
^ Heritage Landscapes 2004, pp. II.12–II.17.
^ Heritage Landscapes 2004, pp. II.15–II.17.
^ Bodenhamer & Barrows 1994, p. 365.
^ "Fountain Square". The Polis Center. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
^ Banes, T. J. (August 31, 2013). "Garfield Park's fountains to dance again after $1.2M upgrade". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
^ "1, 2, 3: Lights, Water, Wow!". The Indianapolis Star. October 30, 2013. p. A3.
^ Anokwa, Afua (November 16, 2007). "Poinsettia show and Christmas activities at Garfield Park". The Indianapolis Star.
^ "Garfield Park Conservatory - Indianapolis". Garfield Park Conservatory and Sunken Garden - Indianapolis. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
^ Stilley, Al (October 25, 2019). "'He loved Garfield Park,' Remembering Blake Bowell with a children's garden". The Southsider Voice. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
^ Ratio Architects.
^ Bodenhamer & Barrows 1994, p. 410.
^ Department of Metropolitan Development 1989, p. 3–4.
^ Indy Parks and Recreation 2006, p. 8.
^ Bodenhamer & Barrows 1994, p. 1291.
^ "The Garfield Shakespeare Company". The Garfield Shakespeare Company. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
^ Library, Indianapolis Public (October 16, 2022). "Garfield Park". Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
^ City of Indianapolis. "Indianapolis Fire Department Station 29". Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2010.
^ Bird 1991, p. 12.
^ Mack, Justin L. "Mayor Hogsett announces plans to remove Confederate monument from Garfield Park". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
References
Bird, Paul (January 22, 1991). "City Men on Mission tied to Civil War". The Indianapolis News.
Bodenhamer, David J.; Barrows, Robert G., eds. (1994). The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31222-1.
Conn, Earl L. (2006). My Indiana:101 Places to See. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. ISBN 0-87195-195-9.
Department of Metropolitan Development Division of Planning (1989). Garfield Park Master Plan (PDF). Indianapolis: Department of Parks and Recreation.
Heritage Landscapes Preservation Landscape Architects & Planners (September 2014). Garfield Park: Cultural Landscape Report: History, Conditions, Change, Use & Preservation Treatment. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
Indy Parks and Recreation. Indy Parks and Recreation Annual Report 2006 (PDF). Retrieved December 30, 2010.
Ratio Architects. "Garfield Park Pagoda" (PDF). Retrieved December 1, 2010.
National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. "Discover Our Shared Heritage - Garfield Park". Retrieved December 14, 2010.
Taylor, Robert; Stevens, Errol Wayne; Ponder, Mary Ann; Brockman, Paul (1989). Indiana: A New Historical Guide. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. ISBN 0-87195-049-9.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Garfield Park Conservatory and Gardens.
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Conservatory and Sunken Gardens Official Site
Friends of Garfield Park
Garfield Park Arts Center
Garfield Park collection, Rare Books and Manuscripts, Indiana State Library
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Established in the late 19th century, it is the oldest city park in Indianapolis and is on the National Register of Historic Places. The park is located at the confluence of Pleasant Run and Bean Creeks on the near Southside of Indianapolis. The 10,000-square-foot (930 m2) Conservatory and Sunken Gardens are located in the eastern portion of the park. 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Emmerich Manual High School lies directly to the west on the other side of the railroad track embankment.Much of the park is rolling fields, due at least in part to its location at the confluence of Pleasant Run and Bean Creeks. Pleasant Run enters the park from the north and flows southwest before exiting on the west. Bean Creek enters from the south near Shelby Street and flows northwest until joining Pleasant Run. Seven bridges span the streams within the park; three of them are for pedestrians only. The oldest of these bridges are constructed of limestone.Garfield Park is an integral component of the Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System designed by George Kessler. Pleasant Run Parkway North Drive passes through the park as it follows the stream from the east side of Indianapolis toward the White River. The Pleasant Run Trail runs north from Garfield Park to Christian Park and Ellenberger Park, also following the creek; it enters the park on a boardwalk that passes beneath the Raymond Street bridge over the creek. The trail connects with a number of paths within the park. A large hill between the trail and South Garfield Drive is used for sledding during the winter.A dam located where the two creeks meet at one time created a pond that was used for ice skating during the winter. That dam has since been removed, but remnants of it can still be seen near the Pagoda Drive bridge. A 1992 tornado destroyed twenty percent of Garfield Park's trees, but a number of large trees, including oaks, maples, sycamores, ginkgoes, and catalpas, still shade the park.[2][3]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jeffersonville Railroad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffersonville,_Madison_and_Indianapolis_Railroad"},{"link_name":"Indiana State Fair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_State_Fair"},{"link_name":"Panic of 1873","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1873"},{"link_name":"Marion County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_County,_Indiana"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodenhamerBarrows1994608-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConn200690-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylorStevensPonderBrockman1989424-4"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylorStevensPonderBrockman1989424-4"},{"link_name":"University Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_Park_(Indianapolis,_Indiana)"},{"link_name":"Military Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Park_(Indianapolis)"},{"link_name":"James Garfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Garfield"},{"link_name":"Morton Place","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herron-Morton_Place_Historic_District"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Metropolitan_Development19892-5"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Metropolitan_Development19892-5"},{"link_name":"Pagoda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#Pagoda"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Metropolitan_Development19893-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodenhamerBarrows1994609-7"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Metropolitan_Development19893-6"}],"sub_title":"1800s","text":"In 1871 the Jeffersonville Railroad sold 98 acres (40 ha) of right-of-way known as Bradley Woods to a horse track organization. The group's intent was to create a racetrack whose harness racing events and annual fair would compete with the Indiana State Fair. However, the Southern Riding Park proved to be an unsuccessful venture, in part because it was not easily accessible to the residents of the city. The Panic of 1873 caused the acreage to be sold to N. R. Rucker, the Marion County sheriff, who himself sold the area to the city of Indianapolis shortly thereafter in 1874 for $109,500. The city in turn leased the property to the Indiana Trotting Association; that group also failed, so control reverted to the city.[2][3][4]The city opened what was originally named Southern Park in 1876, the first park owned by the city itself.[4] While University Park and Military Park are older, both are owned by the state of Indiana rather than the city. The park was renamed for President James Garfield soon after his assassination in 1881. Use of the park remained low during its first two decades because of its distance from the city proper and its lack of facilities. The City Council heard and rejected proposals to use the land for a dairy farm (1877), a city cemetery (1882), a factory (1885); and to relocate the Indiana State Fair in exchange for the then-current fair site in Morton Place (1878).[5]In 1888, the City Council appropriated $10,000 for improvements in the park, including a bridge over Pleasant Run. By 1895 a streetcar line had been extended to the park, allowing easier access. The Board of Park Commissioners was created in 1895 and another $10,000 was appropriated for repairs and to plan and remodel the facilities; in prior years improvements had been made haphazardly.[5]Major improvements were made almost annually for the next twenty years: a bicycle path in 1901; the Pagoda in 1903; increase in greenhouse capacity from 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2) to 200,000 square feet (19,000 m2) in 1904; exhibition cages for bears, monkeys, and small animals in 1905; tennis courts and brick and limestone entrance and corner posts, also in 1905; and two swimming beaches on Bean Creek, one for boys and one for girls, in 1910.[6]Additional land was acquired for the park starting in 1893. Between 1893 and 1895, a strip of land running from the then-eastern boundary of the park to Shelby Street along what is now East Garfield Drive were added. In 1899 several acres in the northwest corner of the park were acquired. The final addition came in 1912 through 1915 when 25 acres (10 ha) of the Yoke farmstead[7] were purchased as the result of a bequest from Alfred Burdsal; this area extended south from the 1893/1895 addition to Southern Avenue and includes the site of the Conservatory and Sunken Gardens. 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Kessler spent the next several years detailing those plans. In 1912 he created a complete master plan for Garfield Park, one of only a few parks for which he completed a full plan. One of his aims in this plan was to make use of the existing improvements in the park. The formal Sunken Gardens, along with new bridges, were the major new elements in his plan.[8]On July 14, 1919, a race riot started in the park and ended at a nearby house. Multiple people, including a seven-year-old girl, were wounded when gunfire broke out at the house.[9]\nMajor improvements to the park ceased due to financial constraints faced by the city during the Great Depression and World War II. Maintenance of the park continued to be a problem in the post-war years, although some new construction occurred, including the erection of a new conservatory building in 1954. Vandalism and other crime increased, and in response, the city closed the park at night. Part of the loop or park roadways were closed off and eventually removed to reduce through traffic in the belief that doing so would also reduce the opportunity for criminal activity.[10]The general deterioration of park structures led, in the case of the Pagoda, to it being scheduled for demolition in the 1970s. Community opposition to the demolition and funds collected as a result allowed the Pagoda to be restored. Other restoration efforts followed. The Sunken Gardens were renovated around 1970 and in 1977 to 1978, and again in 1998. A new Family Center and outdoor Aquatic Center were opened in 1996, replacing the old pool. In 2006 the Community House was remodeled to become the Arts Center.[11]A Garfield Park Master Plan was created by the Department of Metropolitan Development and updated in 1989 to guide future restoration and development of the park. In 1995, a new plan was prepared by Ratio Architects, and major funding was obtained to begin major restorations in 1996. The Friends of Garfield Park was formed in 1998 to aid in the protection and maintenance of the park and established the Garfield Park Fund to help finance those efforts.[3][12]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indianapolisgarfieldparkconservatory00.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Garfield_Park_Sunken_Gardens_(4).jpg"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodenhamerBarrows1994365-13"},{"link_name":"aluminum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminum"},{"link_name":"glass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodenhamerBarrows1994608-2"},{"link_name":"Fountain Square","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_Square,_Indianapolis"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Amazon River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River"},{"link_name":"rainforest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainforest"},{"link_name":"bromeliads","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromeliads"},{"link_name":"orchids","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchids"},{"link_name":"epiphytes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphytes"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConn200690-3"},{"link_name":"tulips","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip"},{"link_name":"chrysanthemums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysanthemum"},{"link_name":"American Midwest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Midwest"},{"link_name":"F. W. Darlington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_fountain#The_work_of_F._W._Darlington"},{"link_name":"Lilly Endowment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Endowment"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Christmas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas"},{"link_name":"Poinsettia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poinsettia"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConn200690-3"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SouthsiderVoice-19"}],"text":"Garfield Park ConservatoryGarfield Park Sunken GardensThe first conservatory building in Garfield Park was built in 1915. By mid-century, its condition had deteriorated and so it was replaced in 1954 with a new structure designed by the Indianapolis architectural firm of Burns and Burns.[13] The 10,000 square foot (930 m2) Conservatory is constructed of welded-aluminum and glass, and was the first of its kind in the United States.[2] It was renovated in 1997.Also in 1954, the Pioneer Family fountain was moved to the Conservatory because of traffic congestion at its original site at the intersection of Virginia Avenue and Prospect and Shelby streets in Fountain Square. It remained at the Conservatory until 1969, when it was returned to Fountain Square.[14] From 2009 to 2012 it was again temporarily moved to the Conservatory while a new site in Fountain Square was prepared.The Conservatory features tropical plants, including an Amazon River rainforest, a large collection of bromeliads, orchids, and other epiphytes planted in a natural setting, along with miscellaneous flowering plants. A chief attraction is the indoor 15-foot-tall (4.6 m) granite waterfall.[3] Visitors can guide themselves around the conservatory.The Sunken Gardens (3 acres (1.2 ha)) were designed by George E. Kessler and dedicated in 1916. They are European-style formal gardens, with three fountains, paved brick walkways, and benches. They are replanted three times a year with seasonal displays, taking advantage of the tulips of spring, the annuals of summer, and the chrysanthemums of autumn. The fountains and floral displays have been held in high regard throughout the American Midwest since its 1916 dedication. Fish ponds were included in the original design but have since been removed.The fountains, the work of F. W. Darlington, are an example of musical fountains with colored lights and synchronized music. Several renovations have been undertaken since the fountains were inaugurated in 1916, including one in 1998 that was funded by Lilly Endowment. In October 2013, a $1.23 million makeover saw the installation of 61 LED illumination lights and 2,500 water jet nozzles, all under computer control.[15][16]Both the Conservatory and the Gardens are open seven days a week, during business hours. During the Christmas season the Conservatory has its Annual Holiday Poinsettia Show.[17] In the summer, the Sunken gardens features concerts, collectively known as Music in the Garden. The grounds are available for weddings, but not for other private events.[3][18]The garden space just east of the Conservatory was known as the Children's Garden until a renovation and renaming to Blake's Garden in 2019. Blake's Garden is named for Blake Bowell, who had grown up, worked at, and spent time in Garfield Park until his death in 2017 at the age of 25 due to brain cancer. The garden is home to Fran's Place, an educational space dedicated to the wife of P. E. MacAllister for whom the MacAllister Center for the Performing Arts is named. Just inside the gates is the Divine Light sculpture created by Indiana native and Bowell family friend, Kenzie Funk. Blake's Garden was awarded the 2019 People's Choice Award and the 2019 Achievement Award for Landscape Architecture by the Indy Chamber Monumental Affairs Awards. In addition it was awarded the 2019 Indiana Parks and Recreation Award for Excellence in Landscape Design.[19]","title":"Conservatory, Sunken Gardens, and Blake's Garden"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Besides the Conservatory and Sunken Gardens, Garfield Park contains a number of public facilities.","title":"Facilities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"opera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodenhamerBarrows1994608-2"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERatio_Architects-20"}],"sub_title":"Pagoda","text":"The Pagoda is so named because of the strong Asian influence in the design of its roof. The curved copper roof covers the otherwise-open wrought iron, rock, and concrete structure. Built in 1903, this picnic shelter was intended to take advantage of the then-popular fad of opera.[2] Originally it also housed the superintendent's office, a storage room, and, in a lower level, public restrooms. The office and restrooms were later removed. The most recent renovation was in 1995, at which time the structure was made ADA-compliant.[20] A playground and parking lot are located to the south of the Pagoda.","title":"Facilities"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Garfield_Parks_Arts_Center.jpg"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Metropolitan_Development19893-6"},{"link_name":"the Children's Museum of Indianapolis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Children%27s_Museum_of_Indianapolis"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodenhamerBarrows1994410-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Metropolitan_Development19893–4-22"},{"link_name":"Aquatic Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#Burrello_Family_Center_and_Aquatic_Center"},{"link_name":"Lilly Endowment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Endowment"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIndy_Parks_and_Recreation20068-23"}],"sub_title":"Garfield Park Arts Center","text":"Garfield Park Arts Center in 2022The Community House (or as it was also known, the Shelter House) was built in 1922. Located in the center of the park on the hillside to the west of Bean Creek, it was designed to look like a picnic shelter with enclosing walls, high ceilings, and fireplaces at each end.[6] It served as the site of the Children's Museum of Indianapolis for one year in 1926.[21] The basement, which has a ground-level entrance at the bottom of the hill, originally was used as a children's playroom. In 1930, an outdoor swimming pool was constructed at the bottom of the hill between the Community House and the creek, and the basement was converted into locker rooms.[22] The main floor also served as a small basketball court. In the late 1990s, the old pool was removed because it had deteriorated and had been replaced by the Aquatic Center. In 2006 the Community House was remodeled and enlarged using a $2.7 million grant from Lilly Endowment to become the Garfield Park Arts Center. The 8,000 square foot (740 m2) facility now houses a multi-use performing arts space, an exhibition hall, visual and production arts classrooms, a recording studio, a literary arts library, and a rehearsal room.[23]","title":"Facilities"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MacAllister_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts_(4).jpg"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodenhamerBarrows19941291-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Shakespeare-25"},{"link_name":"Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis_Symphony_Orchestra"}],"sub_title":"MacAllister Center for the Performing Arts","text":"MacAllister Center for the Performing Arts in 2022The MacAllister Center for the Performing Arts, originally known as the Amphitheatre, was constructed in the mid-1920s. It lies southeast of the Arts Center and consists of a covered stage with outdoor bench and lawn seating. It has hosted a number of musical and theatrical shows, including the first production of Starlight Musicals in 1944.[24] Local Shakespeare groups have often performed at the center.[25] The Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra has regularly scheduled one of its Symphony in the Parks events each summer, and the annual America We Remember music and fireworks show is well-attended.","title":"Facilities"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Burrello Family Center and Aquatic Center","text":"In 1998, the Burrello Family Center and Aquatic Center opened, replacing the old pool and basketball court at the Community House. This facility is located at 2345 Pagoda Drive, just south of the point where Bean Creek joins Pleasant Run. The outdoor Aquatic Center is open during the summer months. The Family Center contains fitness and other recreational facilities in addition to the gymnasium.","title":"Facilities"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indianapolis_Public_Library_Garfield_Park_Branch.jpg"},{"link_name":"Indianapolis Public Library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis_Public_Library"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"Indianapolis Fire Department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis_Fire_Department"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"}],"sub_title":"Other facilities","text":"Garfield Park Branch of the Indianapolis Public LibraryOther facilities include tennis courts in the southeast corner near the intersection of Shelby Street and Southern Avenue, ball fields in the west along Pagoda Drive, and horseshoe pits across Bean Creek from the Burrello Family Center.Facilities of two other governmental units have also been constructed within the park boundaries in more recent years. The Garfield Park Branch (formerly known as the Shelby Branch) of the Indianapolis Public Library is located on the eastern edge of the park at 2502 Shelby Street, directly east of the Conservatory and Sunken Gardens. The 6,400 square foot (590 m2) building opened on November 8, 1965. An extensive renovation was undertaken in 2011, with the library reopening on November 3, 2011, at which time its name was changed to the Garfield Park Branch.[26] Station 29 of the Indianapolis Fire Department is located at 602 E. Pleasant Run Parkway, North Drive near the Grove of Remembrance in the northern section of the park; the station was opened on April 17, 1991.[27]","title":"Facilities"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_W._Lawton_statue_Indy.JPG"},{"link_name":"Henry Ware Lawton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ware_Lawton"},{"link_name":"World War I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"},{"link_name":"Major General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_General"},{"link_name":"Henry W. Lawton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_W._Lawton"},{"link_name":"Fort Wayne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana"},{"link_name":"Andrew O'Connor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_O%27Connor_(sculptor)"},{"link_name":"American Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"Geronimo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo"},{"link_name":"Philippines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines"},{"link_name":"Spanish–American War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodenhamerBarrows1994608-2"},{"link_name":"Marion County Courthouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marion_County_Courthouse_(Indiana)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_Soldiers_and_Sailors_Monument_(Indianapolis)"},{"link_name":"Camp Morton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Morton"},{"link_name":"Greenlawn Cemetery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlawn_Cemetery_(Indianapolis,_Indiana)"},{"link_name":"Crown Hill Cemetery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Hill_Cemetery"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBird199112-28"},{"link_name":"Joe Hogsett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Hogsett"},{"link_name":"murder of George Floyd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"}],"text":"Statue of Henry Ware Lawton near the Garfield Park ConservatoryTwo memorials are within the grounds of Garfield Park.The Grove of Remembrance was created in 1920. Located in the northwestern section of the park, it honors the fallen soldiers from Indianapolis in World War I. Originally a tree was planted for each individual soldier, 387 in total.\nA statue of Major General Henry W. Lawton of Fort Wayne was created by the sculptor Andrew O'Connor. Lawton fought in the American Civil War, later led the capture of the Apache warrior Geronimo, and died in the Philippines during the Spanish–American War.[2] The statue is located just north of the Conservatory, and was placed in Garfield Park in 1915, being moved from its original location on the grounds of the old Marion County Courthouse.The Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument, a granite shaft dedicated to the 1,616 Confederate soldiers who died at the Camp Morton prison camp, stood on the southern edge of the park for over 80 years. The monument originally was erected in 1912 in the old Greenlawn Cemetery where the soldiers had been buried. When that cemetery was later closed, the remains of the soldiers were moved between 1928 and 1933 to Crown Hill Cemetery. At the request of the Southern Club of Indianapolis, the monument was moved to the site in Garfield Park near the Southern Avenue entrance to make it more visible to the public; there were plans to eventually move the monument to Crown Hill, but for financial or other reasons it remained in the park.[28] On June 4, 2020, Mayor Joe Hogsett announced plans to dismantle and remove the monument. The decision came in the midst of nationwide protests of police brutality following the murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis Police.[29]","title":"Memorials"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"OpenStreetMap","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Garfield_Park_%28Indianapolis%29§ion=List+of+points+of+interest"},{"link_name":"KML","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=Garfield_Park_(Indianapolis)§ion=List+of+points+of+interest"},{"link_name":"GPX (all coordinates)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=all&titles=Garfield_Park_(Indianapolis)§ion=List+of+points+of+interest"},{"link_name":"GPX (primary coordinates)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=primary&titles=Garfield_Park_(Indianapolis)§ion=List+of+points+of+interest"},{"link_name":"GPX (secondary 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2006","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFIndy_Parks_and_Recreation2006"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodenhamerBarrows19941291_24-0"},{"link_name":"Bodenhamer & Barrows 1994","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFBodenhamerBarrows1994"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Shakespeare_25-0"},{"link_name":"\"The Garfield Shakespeare Company\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//garfieldbard.webs.com/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-26"},{"link_name":"\"Garfield Park\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.indypl.org/locations/garfield-park"},{"link_name":"Indianapolis Public Library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis_Public_Library"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-27"},{"link_name":"\"Indianapolis Fire Department Station 29\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20141220082341/http://www.indy.gov/eGov/City/DPS/IFD/Stations/Stations/Pages/station29.aspx"},{"link_name":"the original","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.indy.gov/eGov/City/DPS/IFD/Stations/Stations/Pages/station29.aspx"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBird199112_28-0"},{"link_name":"Bird 1991","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFBird1991"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-29"},{"link_name":"\"Mayor Hogsett announces plans to remove Confederate monument from Garfield Park\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.indystar.com/story/news/local/indianapolis/2020/06/04/mayor-announces-plan-remove-confederate-monument-garfield-park/3144181001/"}],"text":"^ \"National Register Information System\". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.\n\n^ a b c d e Bodenhamer & Barrows 1994, p. 608.\n\n^ a b c d e Conn 2006, p. 90.\n\n^ a b Taylor et al. 1989, p. 424.\n\n^ a b Department of Metropolitan Development 1989, p. 2.\n\n^ a b c Department of Metropolitan Development 1989, p. 3.\n\n^ Bodenhamer & Barrows 1994, p. 609.\n\n^ National Park Service.\n\n^ The Chattanooga News (July 14, 1919). \"Shot During Riot: White Boys and Negroes Clash at Park In Indianapolis\". The Chattanooga News. Chattanooga & Hamilton, Tennessee: News Pub. Co. p. 1. ISSN 2471-1977. OCLC 12703770. Retrieved July 20, 2019.\n\n^ Heritage Landscapes 2004, pp. II.12–II.14.\n\n^ Heritage Landscapes 2004, pp. II.12–II.17.\n\n^ Heritage Landscapes 2004, pp. II.15–II.17.\n\n^ Bodenhamer & Barrows 1994, p. 365.\n\n^ \"Fountain Square\". The Polis Center. Retrieved May 20, 2020.\n\n^ Banes, T. J. (August 31, 2013). \"Garfield Park's fountains to dance again after $1.2M upgrade\". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved October 30, 2013.\n\n^ \"1, 2, 3: Lights, Water, Wow!\". The Indianapolis Star. October 30, 2013. p. A3.\n\n^ Anokwa, Afua (November 16, 2007). \"Poinsettia show and Christmas activities at Garfield Park\". The Indianapolis Star.\n\n^ \"Garfield Park Conservatory - Indianapolis\". Garfield Park Conservatory and Sunken Garden - Indianapolis. Retrieved October 17, 2022.\n\n^ Stilley, Al (October 25, 2019). \"'He loved Garfield Park,' Remembering Blake Bowell with a children's garden\". The Southsider Voice. Retrieved May 20, 2020.\n\n^ Ratio Architects.\n\n^ Bodenhamer & Barrows 1994, p. 410.\n\n^ Department of Metropolitan Development 1989, p. 3–4.\n\n^ Indy Parks and Recreation 2006, p. 8.\n\n^ Bodenhamer & Barrows 1994, p. 1291.\n\n^ \"The Garfield Shakespeare Company\". The Garfield Shakespeare Company. Retrieved September 13, 2012.\n\n^ Library, Indianapolis Public (October 16, 2022). \"Garfield Park\". Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved October 17, 2022.\n\n^ City of Indianapolis. \"Indianapolis Fire Department Station 29\". Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2010.\n\n^ Bird 1991, p. 12.\n\n^ Mack, Justin L. \"Mayor Hogsett announces plans to remove Confederate monument from Garfield Park\". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved June 4, 2020.","title":"Notes"}]
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[{"image_text":"Stone bridge and pagoda, 1907 postcard","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Garfield_Park_%28NBY_3789%29.jpg/220px-Garfield_Park_%28NBY_3789%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Garfield Park Conservatory","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Indianapolisgarfieldparkconservatory00.jpg/220px-Indianapolisgarfieldparkconservatory00.jpg"},{"image_text":"Garfield Park Sunken Gardens","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Garfield_Park_Sunken_Gardens_%284%29.jpg/220px-Garfield_Park_Sunken_Gardens_%284%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Garfield Park Arts Center in 2022","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Garfield_Parks_Arts_Center.jpg/220px-Garfield_Parks_Arts_Center.jpg"},{"image_text":"MacAllister Center for the Performing Arts in 2022","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/MacAllister_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts_%284%29.jpg/220px-MacAllister_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts_%284%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Garfield Park Branch of the Indianapolis Public Library","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Indianapolis_Public_Library_Garfield_Park_Branch.jpg/220px-Indianapolis_Public_Library_Garfield_Park_Branch.jpg"},{"image_text":"Statue of Henry Ware Lawton near the Garfield Park Conservatory","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Henry_W._Lawton_statue_Indy.JPG/220px-Henry_W._Lawton_statue_Indy.JPG"}]
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[{"title":"List of parks in Indianapolis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Indianapolis"},{"title":"List of botanical gardens and arboretums in Indiana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_and_arboretums_in_Indiana"}]
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[{"reference":"\"National Register Information System\". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP","url_text":"\"National Register Information System\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places","url_text":"National Register of Historic Places"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service","url_text":"National Park Service"}]},{"reference":"The Chattanooga News (July 14, 1919). \"Shot During Riot: White Boys and Negroes Clash at Park In Indianapolis\". The Chattanooga News. Chattanooga & Hamilton, Tennessee: News Pub. Co. p. 1. ISSN 2471-1977. OCLC 12703770. Retrieved July 20, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattanooga_Times_Free_Press","url_text":"The Chattanooga News"},{"url":"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038531/1919-07-14/ed-1/seq-1/#","url_text":"\"Shot During Riot: White Boys and Negroes Clash at Park In Indianapolis\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattanooga_Times_Free_Press","url_text":"The Chattanooga News"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2471-1977","url_text":"2471-1977"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12703770","url_text":"12703770"}]},{"reference":"\"Fountain Square\". The Polis Center. Retrieved May 20, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://polis.iupui.edu/about/community-culture/project-on-religion-culture/study-neighborhoods/fountain-square/","url_text":"\"Fountain Square\""}]},{"reference":"Banes, T. J. (August 31, 2013). \"Garfield Park's fountains to dance again after $1.2M upgrade\". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved October 30, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.indystar.com/article/20130830/LIFE/308300066/","url_text":"\"Garfield Park's fountains to dance again after $1.2M upgrade\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Indianapolis_Star","url_text":"The Indianapolis Star"}]},{"reference":"\"1, 2, 3: Lights, Water, Wow!\". The Indianapolis Star. October 30, 2013. p. A3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Indianapolis_Star","url_text":"The Indianapolis Star"}]},{"reference":"Anokwa, Afua (November 16, 2007). \"Poinsettia show and Christmas activities at Garfield Park\". The Indianapolis Star.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Indianapolis_Star","url_text":"The Indianapolis Star"}]},{"reference":"\"Garfield Park Conservatory - Indianapolis\". Garfield Park Conservatory and Sunken Garden - Indianapolis. Retrieved October 17, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.garfieldgardensconservatory.org/","url_text":"\"Garfield Park Conservatory - Indianapolis\""}]},{"reference":"Stilley, Al (October 25, 2019). \"'He loved Garfield Park,' Remembering Blake Bowell with a children's garden\". The Southsider Voice. Retrieved May 20, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.southsidervoice.com/top-stories/he-loved-garfield-park-remembering-blake-bowell-with-a-childrens-garden","url_text":"\"'He loved Garfield Park,' Remembering Blake Bowell with a children's garden\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Garfield Shakespeare Company\". The Garfield Shakespeare Company. Retrieved September 13, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://garfieldbard.webs.com/","url_text":"\"The Garfield Shakespeare Company\""}]},{"reference":"Library, Indianapolis Public (October 16, 2022). \"Garfield Park\". Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved October 17, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.indypl.org/locations/garfield-park","url_text":"\"Garfield Park\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis_Public_Library","url_text":"Indianapolis Public Library"}]},{"reference":"City of Indianapolis. \"Indianapolis Fire Department Station 29\". Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141220082341/http://www.indy.gov/eGov/City/DPS/IFD/Stations/Stations/Pages/station29.aspx","url_text":"\"Indianapolis Fire Department Station 29\""},{"url":"http://www.indy.gov/eGov/City/DPS/IFD/Stations/Stations/Pages/station29.aspx","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Mack, Justin L. \"Mayor Hogsett announces plans to remove Confederate monument from Garfield Park\". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved June 4, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.indystar.com/story/news/local/indianapolis/2020/06/04/mayor-announces-plan-remove-confederate-monument-garfield-park/3144181001/","url_text":"\"Mayor Hogsett announces plans to remove Confederate monument from Garfield Park\""}]},{"reference":"Bird, Paul (January 22, 1991). \"City Men on Mission tied to Civil War\". The Indianapolis News.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Bodenhamer, David J.; Barrows, Robert G., eds. (1994). The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31222-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-31222-1","url_text":"0-253-31222-1"}]},{"reference":"Conn, Earl L. (2006). My Indiana:101 Places to See. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. ISBN 0-87195-195-9.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87195-195-9","url_text":"0-87195-195-9"}]},{"reference":"Department of Metropolitan Development Division of Planning (1989). Garfield Park Master Plan (PDF). Indianapolis: Department of Parks and Recreation.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.indygov.org/eGov/City/DPR/PDF/garfieldparkpp89.pdf","url_text":"Garfield Park Master Plan"}]},{"reference":"Heritage Landscapes Preservation Landscape Architects & Planners (September 2014). Garfield Park: Cultural Landscape Report: History, Conditions, Change, Use & Preservation Treatment. Retrieved December 22, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://garfieldparkindy.org/index.php?id=58","url_text":"Garfield Park: Cultural Landscape Report: History, Conditions, Change, Use & Preservation Treatment"}]},{"reference":"Indy Parks and Recreation. Indy Parks and Recreation Annual Report 2006 (PDF). Retrieved December 30, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.indy.gov/eGov/City/DPR/Admin/Public/Documents/2006%20Annual%20Report.pdf","url_text":"Indy Parks and Recreation Annual Report 2006"}]},{"reference":"Ratio Architects. \"Garfield Park Pagoda\" (PDF). Retrieved December 1, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ratioarchitects.com/assets/uploads/Garfield_Park_Pagoda.pdf","url_text":"\"Garfield Park Pagoda\""}]},{"reference":"National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. \"Discover Our Shared Heritage - Garfield Park\". Retrieved December 14, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/indianapolis/textonly.html#garfieldpark","url_text":"\"Discover Our Shared Heritage - Garfield Park\""}]},{"reference":"Taylor, Robert; Stevens, Errol Wayne; Ponder, Mary Ann; Brockman, Paul (1989). Indiana: A New Historical Guide. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. ISBN 0-87195-049-9.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87195-049-9","url_text":"0-87195-049-9"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium_(stock_horse)
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Radium (horse)
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["1 See also","2 References"]
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For the British Thoroughbred racehorse, see Radium (British horse).
Australian campdrafting horse
Radium (1918-1947)
Radium was an outstanding Australian bred campdrafter and very influential ancestor of Australian Stock Horses. He was a bay stallion bred by Donald Beaton of Levedale, Gloucester, New South Wales. This son of the outstanding campdrafter, Cecil (1899, by Red Gauntlet from Meretha II) from Black Bess by Hukatere (1882) was foaled on 11 November 1918. Beaton took great care in the breeding of his horses requiring horses with ability and stamina, for which he culled heavily. Radium’s sire, Cecil was so successful that in 1913, his owner, Arch Simpson was asked to leave his champion campdrafter at home in order that other competitors had a chance to win the campdrafting event at Geary’s Flat Bushman’s Carnival.
Radium was broken in by Archie Grant and Bill Tout when he was a two-year-old, after which he had several trips to the Cooplacurripa area. He began to show his exceptional ability as a stock horse as he developed and matured. Donald Beaton often drove long distances to compete at bushman’s carnivals with Radium tied behind the buggy. Radium would then compete in the campdraft, often winning and if he was going well, round off his success with an exhibition of campdrafting without a bridle.
In circa 1928, Radium was sold to Herb O’Neil, who, as a friend of Donald Beaton, had ridden the horse in competitions for Beaton when he had been unable to get away from his property. Herb O’Neill competed extensively with Radium, winning over a large area of the state. Just prior to the Second World War (WWII), Radium won a Championship Campdraft at Kempsey, New South Wales with the next ten placings going to Radium’s sons and daughters. Radium was also highly successful in led contests for the best type of Stock Horse. During WWII, at a Dungog Bushman’s Carnival over 20 horses were competing in the led stock horse class. In this event Radium received the first placing with the remaining four all being his sons.
Radium stood at stud on "Kunderang Station" (now part of Oxley Wild Rivers National Park) for much of his life and had at least thirteen of his sons appear in Australian Stock Horse pedigrees. Quite a few horses had a double cross or were line-bred to this great foundation sire.
His son, Chan was one of the smartest horses seen in a cattle camp and was a good sire. Another son, Dimray foaled in 1938 was a brilliant campdrafter and when retired to stud, he carried on the Radium tradition of producing top stock horses and campdrafters. It was as a sire that Dimray had a tremendous influence with his son Reality, his grandson Rivoli Ray and his great grandson, Cecil Bruce being Hall of Fame inductees.
Radium died on 12 November 1947, at 29 years of age, of a genital malignancy. This was the end of the life of a truly great horse, but he was also the foundation of a great line of horses.
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Australian Stock Horse.
List of historical horses
Campdrafting
Muster (livestock)
Stock horse
Stockman (Australia)
Waler horse
References
^ Starr, Joan. The Horse that Calls Australia Home, Equine Educational, 1996, ISBN 1-875381-20-1
^ Gower, Peter. Australian Stock Horse - Stallion Pedigree Book, Vol. 1, Stock Journal Publishers, Adelaide, 1974
^ Guy Fawkes Horses Archived 2011-03-21 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2009-8-1
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Radium (British horse)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium_(British_horse)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Radium_(stock_horse).jpg"},{"link_name":"Australian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia"},{"link_name":"campdrafter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campdrafting"},{"link_name":"Australian Stock Horses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Stock_Horse"},{"link_name":"Gloucester, New South Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloucester,_New_South_Wales"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Second World War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_War"},{"link_name":"Kempsey, New South Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kempsey,_New_South_Wales"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Oxley Wild Rivers National Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxley_Wild_Rivers_National_Park"},{"link_name":"line-bred","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outcrossing"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"For the British Thoroughbred racehorse, see Radium (British horse).Australian campdrafting horseRadium (1918-1947)Radium was an outstanding Australian bred campdrafter and very influential ancestor of Australian Stock Horses. He was a bay stallion bred by Donald Beaton of Levedale, Gloucester, New South Wales. This son of the outstanding campdrafter, Cecil (1899, by Red Gauntlet from Meretha II) from Black Bess by Hukatere (1882) was foaled on 11 November 1918. Beaton took great care in the breeding of his horses requiring horses with ability and stamina, for which he culled heavily. Radium’s sire, Cecil was so successful that in 1913, his owner, Arch Simpson was asked to leave his champion campdrafter at home in order that other competitors had a chance to win the campdrafting event at Geary’s Flat Bushman’s Carnival.Radium was broken in by Archie Grant and Bill Tout when he was a two-year-old, after which he had several trips to the Cooplacurripa area. He began to show his exceptional ability as a stock horse as he developed and matured. Donald Beaton often drove long distances to compete at bushman’s carnivals with Radium tied behind the buggy. Radium would then compete in the campdraft, often winning and if he was going well, round off his success with an exhibition of campdrafting without a bridle. [1]In circa 1928, Radium was sold to Herb O’Neil, who, as a friend of Donald Beaton, had ridden the horse in competitions for Beaton when he had been unable to get away from his property. Herb O’Neill competed extensively with Radium, winning over a large area of the state. Just prior to the Second World War (WWII), Radium won a Championship Campdraft at Kempsey, New South Wales with the next ten placings going to Radium’s sons and daughters. Radium was also highly successful in led contests for the best type of Stock Horse. During WWII, at a Dungog Bushman’s Carnival over 20 horses were competing in the led stock horse class. In this event Radium received the first placing with the remaining four all being his sons.[2]Radium stood at stud on \"Kunderang Station\" (now part of Oxley Wild Rivers National Park) for much of his life and had at least thirteen of his sons appear in Australian Stock Horse pedigrees. Quite a few horses had a double cross or were line-bred to this great foundation sire.[3]His son, Chan was one of the smartest horses seen in a cattle camp and was a good sire. Another son, Dimray foaled in 1938 was a brilliant campdrafter and when retired to stud, he carried on the Radium tradition of producing top stock horses and campdrafters. It was as a sire that Dimray had a tremendous influence with his son Reality, his grandson Rivoli Ray and his great grandson, Cecil Bruce being Hall of Fame inductees.Radium died on 12 November 1947, at 29 years of age, of a genital malignancy. This was the end of the life of a truly great horse, but he was also the foundation of a great line of horses.","title":"Radium (horse)"}]
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[{"image_text":"Radium (1918-1947)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Radium_%28stock_horse%29.jpg/250px-Radium_%28stock_horse%29.jpg"}]
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[]
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[{"Link":"http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/parks/guyFawkesHorsesV2App4.pdf","external_links_name":"Guy Fawkes Horses"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110321021106/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/parks/guyFawkesHorsesV2App4.pdf","external_links_name":"Archived"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_Vaenga
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Elena Vaenga
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["1 Discography","2 References","3 External links"]
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Russian singer, songwriter and actress (born 1977)
This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: "Elena Vaenga" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Elena VaengaЕлена ВаенгаBackground informationBirth nameYelena Vladimirovna KhrulyovaBorn (1977-01-27) January 27, 1977 (age 47)Severomorsk, Soviet UnionGenresrussian chanson, folk, romanceOccupation(s)Singer-songwriterYears active1996–presentWebsitevaenga.ruMusical artist
Elena Vaenga (Russian: Елена Ваенга, real name Yelena Vladimirovna Khrulyova; born 27 January 1977 in Severomorsk, Russia) is a Russian singer, songwriter and actress. Her style of singing is author song, folk rock, chanson and others. Vaenga's repertoire includes her own compositions, traditional ballads and folk songs, and songs derived from classical Russian poems.
Her stage name is the former name of her birthplace, Severomorsk. Her mother was educated as a chemist and her father was an engineer. Her maternal grandfather was a rear-admiral and her paternal grandparents were natives of Saint Petersburg (formerly Leningrad), and survived the Nazi siege of that city during World War II.
In 2012 she gave birth to a son in Saint Petersburg. The son's father is Roman Sadyrbaev, her husband since 2016.
Vaenga performed throughout Russia, including several appearances in the Kremlin. She also performed in Israel, Germany, and Ukraine.
The newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda called her "one of the most popular Russian singers". In 2011, Vaenga ranked 9th in the list of the most successful Russian entertainers, with a total income for that year of over six million dollars.
Discography
2003 — Портрет (Portret / Portrait)
2003 — Флейта 1 (Fleyta 1 / Flute 1)
2005 — Флейта 2 (Fleyta 2 / Flute 2)
2005 — Белая птица (Belaya Ptista / The White Bird)
2006 — Шопен (Chopin)
2007 — Абсент (Абсент / Absinthe)
2007 — Дюны (Duny / Dunes)
2008 — Клавиши (Klavishi / Keys)
2012 — Лена (Lena)
2015 — New
2018 – 1+1
References
^ "Елена Ваенга: из искры возгорится пламя", an interview (retrieved 28 March 2015)
^ Елена Ваенга: "Коллективу спиртное не предлагать!" (in Russian). Комсомольская правда. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Elena Vaenga.
Official website
Her YouTube channel
Elena Vaenga discography at Discogs
Elena Vaenga at the Forbes
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
Artists
MusicBrainz
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Night_to_Remember_(1958_film)
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A Night to Remember (1958 film)
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["1 Plot","2 Cast","3 Production","3.1 Original book","3.2 1956 television adaptation","3.3 Development","3.4 Shooting","4 Historical accuracy","5 Release","6 Reception","6.1 Critical reception","6.2 Box office","6.3 Reputation today","7 Home video","8 See also","9 References","10 Bibliography","11 External links"]
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1958 British film by Roy Ward Baker
This article is about the 1958 film. For the 1956 television play, see A Night to Remember (Kraft Television Theatre).
Not to be confused with A Night to Remember (1942 film).
A Night to RememberTheatrical release posterDirected byRoy Ward BakerScreenplay byEric AmblerStory byWalter LordBased onA Night to Remember1955 bookby Walter LordProduced byWilliam MacQuittyStarringKenneth MoreCinematographyGeoffrey UnsworthMusic byWilliam AlwynDistributed byThe Rank OrganisationRelease date
3 July 1958 (1958-07-03)
Running time123 minutesCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishBudget£500,000 or £530,000 or £600,000; upper bounds of approximately £11.5 million or £13.1 million adjusted for inflation (2019)Box officePrecise figure unknown, but it had failed to make its budget back by 2001
A Night to Remember is a 1958 British historical disaster docudrama film based on the eponymous 1955 book by Walter Lord. The film and book recount the final night of RMS Titanic, which sank on her maiden voyage after she struck an iceberg in 1912. Adapted by Eric Ambler and directed by Roy Ward Baker, the film stars Kenneth More as the ship's Second Officer Charles Lightoller and features Michael Goodliffe, Laurence Naismith, Kenneth Griffith, David McCallum and Tucker McGuire. It was filmed in the United Kingdom and tells the story of the sinking, portraying the main incidents and players in a documentary-style fashion with considerable attention to detail. The production team, supervised by producer William MacQuitty (who saw the original ship launched) used blueprints of the ship to create authentic sets, while Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall and ex-Cunard Commodore Harry Grattidge worked as technical advisors on the film. Its estimated budget of up to £600,000 (£13.1 million adjusted for inflation ) was exceptional and made it the most expensive film ever made in Britain up to that time. The film's score was written by William Alwyn.
The film disappointed at the box office. However, it received critical acclaim and won the 1959 "Samuel Goldwyn International Award" at the Golden Globe Awards. Among the many films about the Titanic, A Night to Remember is regarded highly by Titanic historians and survivors for its accuracy, despite its modest production values, compared with the 1997 Hollywood film Titanic. Retrospective analysis by both critics and regular viewers has been favourable; for example, on Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has a score of 100% based on twenty-two critical reviews and a 90% value according to audience responses.
Plot
In 1912, the luxurious Titanic is the largest vessel afloat and is widely believed to be unsinkable. On 10 April, Titanic sails from Southampton on her maiden voyage to New York. On 14 April, in the Atlantic, the ship receives a number of ice warnings from steamers, which are relayed to Captain Edward Smith, who orders a lookout. That evening, the SS Californian spots floating ice in the distance and tries to send a telegraph message to Titanic.
On Titanic, first class passengers Sir Richard and Lady Richard, and second class passengers the Clarkes, a young newlywed couple, overhear the band, led by Wallace Hartley. The band plays various songs, while steerage passengers Pat Murphy, Martin Gallagher, and James Farrel enjoy a party in third class, where Murphy becomes attracted to a young Polish girl and dances with her.
In the telegraph room, operators Jack Phillips and Harold Bride are changing shifts. Phillips receives an ice warning, but when more messages arrive for him to send out, the warning is lost under them. On the Californian, field ice is spotted. The ship stops due to the risk, and a message is sent to Titanic. Because the Californian is so close, the telegraph message is very loud, and Phillips cuts it off abruptly. Titanic's passengers begin to settle in for the night, while gamblers Hoyle and Jay Yates stay up.
Suddenly, the vessel collides with an iceberg. Captain Smith sends for Thomas Andrews, the ship's builder, to inspect the damage, who determines that Titanic will sink within two hours, and both realise that the ship lacks sufficient lifeboat capacity for all the passengers. Distress signals are sent out, but the Californian's radio operator is off duty. 58 miles away, the RMS Carpathia radio operator receives the distress call and alerts Captain Arthur Rostron, who orders Dean to turn around the ship. Unfortunately, it will take around four hours to reach the Titanic.
Seeing the Californian on the horizon 10 miles away, Titanic begins to signal the ship, but the Californian's crew fails to comprehend why a ship within sight is firing rockets, as Captain Smith orders Second Officer Charles Lightoller to start lowering the lifeboats, while the orchestra performs ragtime. In the Grand Staircase, passenger Robbie Lucas is told the truth by Andrews and he gets his wife and children safely into a boat.
Murphy, Gallagher and Farrel help the Polish girl and her mother to the boat deck and get them to a boat. The Richards and Hoyle are admitted to a boat by First Officer William McMaster Murdoch. Yates gives a female passenger a note to send to his sister. Ida and Isidor Straus refuse to be separated, inadvertently setting an example for Mrs Clarke, who decides to stay with her husband until Andrews advises them on how to survive.
As the crew struggles to hold back the third-class passengers, most first- and second-class passengers board lifeboats and row away. As Titanic leans, passengers begin to realise the danger; when the third-class passengers are finally allowed up, chaos ensues. White Star Line Chairman J. Bruce Ismay steps into one of the last lifeboats. Passengers—among them Murphy, Gallagher and Farrel—retreat towards the stern as it rises into the air, while Lightoller and other able seamen struggle to free the two remaining collapsible lifeboats, as the Titanic's bow submerges. Captain Smith gives the final order to abandon ship, and orders every man to save himself.
The Clarkes use a rope to get down the ship's side and the orchestra performs the hymn, "Nearer, My God, to Thee", as Smith returns to the bridge to go down with his ship. Titanic begins its final plunge; Lightoller and many others are swept off. Andrews awaits his fate in the first-class smoking room, while a kindly steward comforts a lost boy separated from his mother. Lucas looks out towards the lifeboats, realising that he will never see his family again, while the Clarkes are killed by a falling funnel. The passengers pray as the stricken liner rapidly sinks into the ocean.
In the freezing water, many die of hypothermia. Lucas's dead body floats by an overturned collapsible, as Yates, unwilling to overcrowd the boat, swims away to his death. Lightoller takes charge on the boat as Murphy and Gallagher make it aboard, although Farrel is lost. Chief Baker Charles Joughin, after having given up his lifeboat seat and turning to the bottle to ease his ailments, also climbs aboard. The men are saved by another boat. The Carpathia arrives to rescue the survivors, as a shaken Lightoller tells Colonel Archibald Gracie, "I don't think I'll ever feel sure again, about anything."
On the ship, as a group prayer is held, Murphy and Gallagher stand with the Polish girl and her mother, while Mrs Farrel and Mrs Lucas and her children mourn the loss of their loved ones. Rostron takes Lightoller on deck as Carpathia sails by the remaining floating wreckage from the Titanic. Rostron informs Lightoller that 705 were saved and 1,500 lost. The Carpathia receives a message from the Californian, which heard of the disaster, but Rostron informs them that "everything that was humanly possible has been done".
Cast
Kenneth More as Second Officer Charles Lightoller
Michael Goodliffe as shipbuilder Thomas Andrews
Laurence Naismith as Captain Edward Smith
Kenneth Griffith as Wireless Operator Jack Phillips
David McCallum as Assistant Wireless Operator Harold Bride
Tucker McGuire as Mrs Margaret "Molly" Brown
Frank Lawton as chairman and managing director of the White Star Line J. Bruce Ismay
Richard Leech as First Officer William McMaster Murdoch
John Cairney as Mr Murphy
Richard Clarke as Martin Gallagher
Patrick McAlinney as Mr James Farrell
Anthony Bushell as Captain Arthur Rostron
Alec McCowen as Wireless Operator Harold Cottam, RMS Carpathia
Ronald Allen as Mr Clarke
Jill Dixon as Mrs Clarke
Geoffrey Bayldon as Wireless Operator Cyril Evans, SS Californian
George Rose as Chief Baker Charles Joughin
John Merivale as Robbie Lucas
Honor Blackman as Mrs Liz Lucas
Robert Ayres as Arthur Godfrey Peuchen
Ralph Michael as Jay Yates
James Dyrenforth as Colonel Archibald Gracie IV
Russell Napier as Captain Stanley Lord
Jane Downs as Iowa Sylvania Zillah "Sylvia" Hawley-Wilson (Mrs Sylvia Lightoller)
Patrick Waddington as Sir Richard
Harriette Johns as Lady Richard
Redmond Phillips as Mr Hoyle
Joseph Tomelty as Dr William O'Loughlin
Jack Watling as Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall
Michael Bryant as Sixth Officer James Paul Moody
Howard Lang as Chief Officer Henry Tingle Wilde (uncredited)
Cyril Chamberlain as Quartermaster Rowe
Bee Duffell as Mrs. Farrell
Harold Goldblatt as Benjamin Guggenheim
Gerald Harper as Third Officer, RMS Carpathia
Thomas Heathcote as Steward
Andrew Keir as Second Engineer Officer John Henry 'Harry' Hesketh
Howard Pays as Fifth Officer Harold Lowe
Harold Siddons as Second Officer Herbert Stone, SS Californian
Julian Somers as Mr Bull
Rosamund Greenwood as Mrs Bull (uncredited)
Arthur Gross as Quartermaster Hichens (uncredited)
Charles Belchier as Bandleader Wallace Hartley (uncredited)
Emerton Court as Chief Engineer Joseph Bell (uncredited)
Teresa Thorne as Miss Edith Russell (uncredited)
John Moulder-Brown as boy (uncredited)
Henry Campbell as W. T. Stead (uncredited)
Larry Taylor as bearded seaman (uncredited)
Alma Taylor as old woman who leaves her seat to a young mother on the lifeboat (uncredited)
Ray Austin as seaman (high fall into water stunt) (uncredited)
Edward Malin as Dining Saloon Steward
John Martin as Lost Boy (uncredited)
Victor Wood as Steward (uncredited)
Richard Shaw as Crewman (uncredited)
Sean Connery as Lifeboat passenger (uncredited)
Jack Stewart as Stoker Barrett (uncredited)
Olwen Brookes as Miss Evans (uncredited)
Paul Hardwick as Guggenheim's Valet (uncredited)
Larry Taylor as Life Boat passenger (uncredited)
Peter Sallis as Minor Role (uncredited)
Cast notes:
Kenneth More, Laurence Naismith, and Michael Goodliffe all featured later in Sink the Bismarck!.
Gordon Holdom - baritone, sang the song "Nearer, My God, to Thee" dubbed.
Desmond Llewelyn makes an uncredited appearance as a gate steward who prevents the third class passengers from entering the first class deck.
Peter Burton makes an appearance as a steward.
Bernard Fox, who appears as Lookout Frederick Fleet, also appears as Colonel Archibald Gracie IV in Titanic (1997).
By coincidence, four members of the cast, Peter Burton, Desmond Llewelyn, Geoffrey Bayldon and Alec McCowen, went on to play "Q" in various James Bond movies.
Two cast members – Llewelyn and Blackman – would later appear in the 1964 James Bond film Goldfinger.
Norman Rossington, who appears as a steward who loses his temper with non-English speaking passengers just after the collision, also appears as the Master-at-Arms in S.O.S. Titanic (1979).
Jeremy Bulloch, best known for his portrayal of Boba Fett in the Star Wars films The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, makes an uncredited appearance as a boy jumping into water.
Derren Nesbitt and Stratford Johns appear uncredited as survivors on the upturned lifeboat.
Frank Lawton, who plays J. Bruce Ismay, previously starred in 1933's Cavalcade, which also prominently featured the Titanic.
This is the last movie for Alma Taylor, very famous actress in Silent film era.
David McCallum, who plays Harold Bride, would serve as the narrator for the 1994 A&E documentary mini-series Titanic: Death of a Dream and Titanic: The Legend Lives On.
Production
Original book
The film is based on Walter Lord's book A Night to Remember (1955), but in Ray Johnson's documentary The Making of 'A Night to Remember' (1993), Lord says that when he wrote his book, there was no mass interest in the Titanic, and he was the first writer in four decades to attempt a grand-scale history of the disaster, synthesising written sources and survivors' first-hand accounts. Lord dated the genesis of his interest in the subject to childhood. So did producer MacQuitty, who had vivid memories of, as a boy of six, watching the launch of the Titanic at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast on 31 May 1911 and seeing it depart on its maiden voyage the following April.
1956 television adaptation
Main article: A Night to Remember (Kraft Television Theatre)
The book had previously been adapted as a live American TV production, screened by NBC and sponsored by Kraft Foods as part of the Kraft Television Theatre series on 28 March 1956. It has been described as "the biggest, most lavish, most expensive thing of its kind" attempted up to that point, with 31 sets, 107 actors, 72 speaking parts, and 3,000 gallons of water and costing $95,000 ($816,000 at 2023 prices). George Roy Hill directed and Claude Rains narrated – a practice borrowed from radio dramas, which provided a template for many television dramas of the time. It took a similar approach to the book, lacking dominant characters and switching between a multiplicity of scenes. Rains's narration was used "to bridge the almost limitless number of sequences of life aboard the doomed liner", as a reviewer put it, and closed with his declaration that "never again has Man been so confident. An age had come to an end."
The production was a major hit, attracting 28 million viewers, and greatly boosted the book's sales. It was rerun on kinescope on 2 May 1956, five weeks after its first broadcast.
Development
The film adaptation came about after its eventual director, Roy Ward Baker, and its producer, Belfast-born William MacQuitty, both acquired copies of the book -– Baker from his favourite bookshop and MacQuitty from his wife – and decided to obtain the film rights. MacQuitty succeeded in raising finance from John Davis at the Rank Organisation, who in the late 1950s were expanding into bigger-budgeted filmmaking. The job of directing was assigned to Roy Baker, who was under contract to Rank, and Baker recommended Ambler be given the job of writing the screenplay. Lord was brought on board as a consultant.
In addition to basing the script – both in action and dialogue – on Lord's book, the filmmakers achieved nuanced performances and authentic atmosphere by consulting several actual Titanic survivors, who served as technical advisors. Among them were Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall and passengers Edith Russell and Lawrence Beesley. One day during shooting, Beesley famously gatecrashed the set. He infiltrated the set during the sinking scene, hoping to 'go down with the ship', but was discovered by the director, who ordered him off and vetoed this unscheduled appearance due to the actors' union rules. Thus, as Julian Barnes puts it, "for the second time in his life, Beesley left the Titanic just before it was due to go down". Charles Lightoller's widow Sylvia was also consulted during production, at one point visiting Pinewood Studios and meeting with Kenneth More, whom she introduced to her children on set. Sylvia commended More for his portrayal of her husband. When Helen Smith, Captain Smith's daughter, visited the set, she was overcome by the striking physical resemblance between Laurence Naismith and her father.
There were numerous changes made to real events to increase the drama and appeal. For example, there is a limited involvement of American passengers (with the exception of the Strauses, Guggenheim, "the unsinkable" Molly Brown and Colonel Gracie), and several characters based on Americans are depicted as being British. When questioned as to why he did this, Roy Baker noted that "it was a British film made by British artists for a British audience". Also, the film diverges from both the book and the NBC TV adaptation in focusing on a central character, Second Officer Charles Lightoller, who does and says some things that other crewmembers are reported to have done and said during the actual disaster. Its conclusion reflects Lord's world-historical theme of a "world changed forever" with a fictional conversation between Lightoller and Colonel Archibald Gracie, sitting on a lifeboat. Lightoller declares that the disaster is "different ... Because we were so sure. Because even though it's happened, it's still unbelievable. I don't think I'll ever feel sure again. About anything." Rank wanted a star for the part, so it was offered to Kenneth More, who accepted. It was the first film that he made under a new contract with Rank to make seven films in five years for a fee of £40,000 per film (about £902,000 in 2019 terms, with a total of £6,600,000 for all seven).
Producer MacQuitty had originally contracted with Shaw, Savill & Albion Line to use its former flagship QSMV Dominion Monarch to shoot scenes, but the company pulled out of the production at the last minute, citing that they did not want to use one of their liners to recreate the Titanic sinking. However, according to MacQuitty, the Shaw Savill Line at the time was managed by Basil Sanderson, son of Harold Sanderson, the White Star Line's director in the US at the time of the sinking. Harold Sanderson would later succeed J. Bruce Ismay as president of the International Mercantile Marine Company, J.P. Morgan's shipping conglomerate that owned the White Star Line. This connection to White Star, according to MacQuitty, is what actually led the Shaw Savill Line to pull out. MacQuitty eventually got permission from Ship Breaking Industries in Faslane, Scotland to film scenes aboard RMS Asturias, a 1920s ocean liner that the company was scrapping. The liner's port side had been demolished, but its starboard was still intact, so MacQuitty got art students to paint the liner the White Star Line colours and used mirrors to recreate scenes that took place on the port side. 30 sets were constructed using the builders' original plans for Titanic.
Shooting
Filming began on 15 October 1957 at Pinewood Studios, until 5 March 1958. When the set was being raised at an angle, the microphones picked up the sounds of the set creaking. The director kept them in the sinking scenes because they made the scenes more realistic. The last shot to be filmed was Sir Richard and Lady Richard's departure from their home past the waving orphans, according to Ray Johnson's documentary The Making of 'A Night to Remember' (1993).
Kenneth More recalled the production of the film in his autobiography, published 20 years later in 1978. There was no tank big enough at Pinewood Studios to film the survivors struggling to climb into lifeboats, so it was done in the open-air swimming bath at Ruislip Lido, at 2:00 am on an icy November morning. When the extras refused to jump in, Moore realised he would have to set an example. He called out: "Come on!".
I leaped. Never have I experienced such cold in all my life. It was like jumping into a deep freeze. The shock forced the breath out of my body. My heart seemed to stop beating. I felt crushed, unable to think. I had rigor mortis, without the mortis. And then I surfaced, spat out the dirty water and, gasping for breath, found my voice.
"Stop!" I shouted. "Don't listen to me! It's bloody awful! Stay where you are!"
But it was too late...
Four clips from the Nazi propaganda film Titanic (1943) were used in A Night to Remember; two of the ship sailing in calm waters during the day, and two of a flooding walkway in the engine room. As Brian Hawkins writes, the British came closest "to the Titanic truth in 1958 with their black-and-white production of Walter Lord's novel A Night to Remember, seamlessly incorporating sequences from director Herbert Selpin's 1943 (Nazi) Titanic without giving any screen credits for these incredible scenes". Selpin himself was arrested on the instruction of Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels during production in early August 1942, for offering a negative opinion of the German military while directing this earlier Nazi-era film. He was then found dead in his prison cell.
Historical accuracy
Illustration of the sinking of the Titanic
The film is regarded as the most historically accurate Titanic film, except for not featuring the ship breaking in two. (There was still doubt about this fact when the book and film were produced. The accepted view at the time, and the result of the inquiries, was that she sank intact; it was only confirmed that she split after the wreck was found in 1985). Lightoller's widow Sylvia praised the film's historical accuracy in an interview with The Guardian, stating "The film is really the truth and has not been embroidered".
While some events are based on history, some of the characters and their storylines are fictional or dramatised; the characters of Mr Murphy, Mr Hoyle, and Jay Yates being composites of several men. Murphy, who leads the steerage girls to the lifeboat, is a composite of several Irish emigrants. Although there was, in fact, a Martin Gallagher travelling steerage aboard the Titanic, his actions in the film are fictionalised and although he survives the sinking, he actually died in real life. Hoyle, the gambler who gets into the lifeboat on the starboard side, is a composite of several such figures, men determined to save themselves at all costs. Robbie Lucas and Mrs Liz Lucas are composites of several married couples, notably Mr Lucian Smith and Mrs Eloise Hughes Smith. Lucas even says the words actually spoken by Lucien Smith to his wife: "I never expected to ask you to obey me, but this is one time you must". Mr Clarke and Mrs Clarke are composites of several honeymoon couples, notably Mr John Chapman and Mrs Sarah Chapman, a pair of newlyweds from second class who died during the sinking. John Chapman's body was recovered by the cable ship Mackay-Bennett, and there were no mentions or indications that suggest that he had been killed by a falling funnel. The involvement of American passengers was either limited or left out (with the exception of the Strauses, Guggenheim, Margaret Brown and Colonel Gracie).
Several historical figures were renamed or went unnamed to avoid potential legal action. Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon and Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon are depicted as Sir Richard and Lady Richard (Lady Duff's secretary Miss Francatelli is completely omitted) and Bruce Ismay is referred to throughout only as "The Chairman".
The film omits several key historical figures, including John Jacob Astor IV, the wealthiest passenger aboard the Titanic, and Stoker Frederick Barrett, with Second Engineer Officer John Henry Hesketh's role being expanded to include duties and actions that were performed by Barrett and others.
In reality, the American gambler Jay Yates (played as British by the distinctive British actor Ralph Michael), travelling under the name of J.H. Rogers, was never on board, and the note he was said to have handed to a passenger was a hoax. Yates wrote the note in New York and then had a woman accomplice pose as a survivor and deliver the note to the newspaper. Yates did this in order to make the police think he was dead. They didn't fall for the ruse, and Yates was captured a couple of months later (he was wanted on federal charges connected with postal thefts). The fictional Yates says, "Good luck and God bless you", the words spoken by an unknown swimmer at Collapsible B, whom survivor fireman Walter Hurst thought was Captain Smith.
The painting in the first class smoking room is incorrectly shown as depicting the entrance to New York Harbor, while it actually depicted the entrance to Plymouth Sound, which Titanic had been expected to visit on her return voyage (there was a painting of New York Harbor at this spot on RMS Olympic, a sister ship of Titanic). This was an error made by Walter Lord in his research, which he acknowledged in the documentary The Making of A Night to Remember.
The first scene of A Night to Remember depicts the christening of the ship at its launch. However, the Titanic was never christened, as it was not the practice of the White Star Line to stage this sort of ceremony. This has come down in popular lore as one of the many contributing factors to the ship's "bad luck".
Stanley Lord was upset over his negative portrayal; he was depicted wearing pyjamas and as being asleep in his cabin while the Titanic was sinking. In fact, Lord was sleeping in the chart room wearing his uniform.
The film makes a hero of second officer Lightoller, who seems to have launched almost every single lifeboat. Actions that were actually performed by others were attributed to Lightoller. Lightoller is also depicted as nearly being crushed by the fourth funnel falling in the ship's last moments. It was actually the first funnel that fell near Lightoller.
Some historical figures have the 'wrong' accent: The portrayal of Thomas Andrews by British actor Michael Goodlife was believable, but the accent should have been not British but Irish. Murdoch's accent should have been Scottish.
Murphy and Gallagher make it to the overturned Collapsible B with a child in their arms, which they pass to Lightoller. Lightoller realises the child is dead and puts it back in the water. This was inspired by several accounts that Captain Smith reportedly carried a child to the boat, which later died. Along with these accounts being of dubious nature, Lightoller never reported receiving a child on Collapsible B.
Release
The world premiere was on 3 July 1958, at the Odeon Leicester Square. Boxhall and Third Officer Herbert Pitman attended the premier along with survivor Walter Nichols. Titanic survivor Elizabeth Dowdell attended the American premiere in New York on Tuesday 16 December 1958.
Reception
Critical reception
After its December 1958 US premiere, Bosley Crowther called the film a "tense, exciting and supremely awesome drama... puts the story of the great disaster in simple human terms and yet brings it all into a drama of monumental unity and scope"; according to Crowther:
this remarkable picture is a brilliant and moving account of the behavior of the people on the Titanic on that night that should never be forgotten. It is an account of the casualness and flippancy of most of the people right after the great ship has struck (even though an ominous cascade of water is pouring into her bowels); of the slow accumulation of panic that finally mounts to a human holocaust, of shockingly ugly bits of baseness and of wonderfully brave and noble deeds.
The film won numerous awards, including a Golden Globe Award for Best English-Language Foreign Film, and received high praise from reviewers on both sides of the Atlantic.
Box office
The film was one of the twenty most popular films of the year in Britain according to Motion Picture Herald, but it was only a modest commercial success due to the size of its original budget and its relative underperformance at the American box office.
Kinematograph Weekly listed it as being "in the money" at the British box office in 1958.
By 2001, it had still not made a profit, in part because it was issued as part of a slate of ten films and all of its profits were cross-collateralised.
Reputation today
According to Professor Paul Heyer, the film helped to spark the wave of disaster films that included The Poseidon Adventure (1972) and The Towering Inferno (1974). Heyer comments that it "still stands as the definitive cinematic telling of the story and the prototype and finest example of the disaster-film genre". On Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has a score of 100% based on twenty-two critical reviews and a 90% value according to audience responses. The film has been described as "the definitive cinematic telling of the story". It is considered "the best Titanic film before Titanic (1997)", "the most accurate of all Titanic films", and "the definitive Titanic tale", especially for its social realism, reflecting, in the words of one critic, "the overwhelming historical evidence that the class rigidity of 1912, for all its defects, produced a genuine sense of behavioural obligation on the Titanic among rich and poor alike; that the greatest number of people aboard faced death or hardship with a stoic and selfless grace that the world has wondered at for most of this century". Film critic Barry Norman called it "more moving" than Titanic (1997). Andrew Collins of Empire gave the film five out of five, writing that "this is a landmark in British cinema, as good today as it's always been". Filmink argued this was the best film Kenneth More ever starred in.
Titanic experts Fitch, Layton and Wormstedt point out that the film is based on the bestseller published by Walter Lord two and a half years earlier. In addition, the Fourth Officer helped Boxhall as an advisor. Although the film is described as particularly accurate, it does contain some errors. However, the 1958 film was a huge step forward in terms of correctness compared to the 1953 film. The special effects were not as good as those of the predecessor, but effort was made to depict the interior of the ship more accurately.
'The film was also a masterpiece in that it did not use a fictional plot and primary characters to draw audiences in; instead, it primarily relied upon historical figures and showed them in such a way that audiences cared about what happened to them.'
Home video
A Night to Remember was released by the Criterion Collection on DVD in May 1998. Initial versions of the DVD omitted Lightoller finding the child to be dead and putting it in the water. A new DVD and a high-definition Blu-ray edition were released on 27 March 2012 to commemorate the centennial of the sinking.
See also
1950s portalFilm portalHistory portal
1958 in film
Historical drama
List of films about the RMS Titanic
RMS Titanic in popular culture
Selected filmography of Geoffrey Unsworth
References
^ a b Harper, Sue; Porter, Vincent (10 July 2018). British Cinema of the 1950s: The Decline of Deference. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198159346 – via Google Books.
^ a b Richards 2001, p. 29.
^ a b Street 2004, p. 143.
^ a b Ward 2012, p. 226.
^ Night To Remember, a Archived 14 April 2013 at archive.today HFPA Retrieved 2010-01-04.
^ Janice Hooker Rushing and Thomas S. Frentz, "Singing over the bones: James Cameron's Titanic", Critical Studies in Media Communication (ICMC), Volume 17, Issue 1 (1 March 2000), pp. 1–27.
^ Celeste Cumming Mt. Lebanon, "Early Titanic Film A Movie to Remember", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (11 September 1998), p. 39.
^ P. Parisi, Titanic and the making of James Cameron (New York: Newmarket Press, 1998), p. 127.
^ a b "A Night To Remember". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
^ "A Night to Remember (1958)".
^ "Gordon Holdom" on the British Pathé website
^ A Night to Remember at IMDb
^ Sragow, Michael (26 March 2012). "Nearer, My Titanic to Thee". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
^ Mayer 2004, p. 31.
^ a b Anderson 2005, p. 97.
^ a b Biel 1996, p. 151.
^ Anderson 2005, p. 98.
^ Biel 1996, p. 160.
^ a b Biel 1996, p. 161.
^ Rasor 2001, p. 119.
^ Heyer 2012, p. 149.
^ Barnes 2010, p. 175.
^ a b "Widow of Titanic Officer visits Chorley". Encyclopedia Titanica. 30 January 2005. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
^ a b Fitch, Layton & Wormstedt 2012, pp. 278.
^ a b The Titanic on Film: Myth versus Truth Linda Maria Koldau; McFarland, 2012 307 pages, page 139
^ Richards 2001, pp. 35–36.
^ Aldridge 2008, p. 89.
^ Moore, Kenneth (1978). More or Less. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-22603-2."
^ "Matte Shot: a Tribute to Golden Era special fx". 26 May 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
^ Brian Hawkins, The Titanic's last victim: in 1942, a German film director put a uniquely Nazi take on the great ship's sinking. The reviews were deadly, The National Post, Thursday 12 April 2012, p.A10
^ a b Michael Janusonis, "VIDEO – Documentary just the tip of the iceberg for Titanic fans", The Providence Journal (5 September 2003), E-05.
^ "Titanic". Variety. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
^ a b c The Goofs of A Night To Remember (1958, Rank Pictures)
^ Melissa Jo Peltier (1994). Titanic: Death of a Dream (documentary). United States: A&E Network.
^ Smith, Richard (21 February 2009) Frozen in time...the watch which shows the moment newlywed Titanic passengers fell into sea and died
^ A Night to Remember
^ Eaton & Haas 1994, p. 155.
^ Lord 1988, p. 113
^ Chirnside 2004, p. 177
^ Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton, Bill Wormstedt: On a Sea of Glass. The Life & Loss of the RMS Titanic. Amberley, Stroud 2015, p. 27/28.
^ Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton, Bill Wormstedt: On a Sea of Glass. The Life & Loss of the RMS Titanic. Amberley, Stroud 2015, p. 278.
^ Barczewski 2006, p. 28.
^ Winocour 1960, p. 299.
^ Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton, Bill Wormstedt: On a Sea of Glass. The Life & Loss of the RMS Titanic. Amberley, Stroud 2015, p. 278.
^ Fitch, Layton & Wormstedt 2012, pp. 331–333.
^ "Miss Elizabeth Dowdell". encyclopedia titanica. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
^ Crowther, Bosley (17 December 1958). "Screen: Sinking of Titanic; A Night to Remember Opens at Criterion". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
^ a b Heyer 2012, p. 151.
^ a b Richards 2001, p. 98.
^ Billings, Josh (18 December 1958). "Others in the Money". Kinematograph Weekly. p. 7.
^ a b Heyer 2012, p. 104.
^ Howard Thompson, "Movies This Week", The New York Times (9 August 1998), p. 6, col. 1.
^ Ken Ringle, "Integrity Goes Down With the Ship; Historical Facts, Including True-Life Gallantry, Lost in Titanic", The Washington Post (22 March 1998), p. G08.
^ "A Night to Remember".
^ Vagg, Stephen (16 April 2023). "Surviving Cold Streaks: Kenneth More". Filmink.
^ Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton, Bill Wormstedt: On a Sea of Glass. The Life & Loss of the RMS Titanic. Amberley, Stroud 2015, p. 278.
^ "A Night to Remember Blu-ray Review (The Criterion Collection)".
Bibliography
Aldridge, Rebecca (2008). The Sinking of the Titanic. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7910-9643-7.
Anderson, D. Brian (2005). The Titanic in Print and on Screen. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-1786-2.
Barczewski, Stephanie (2006). Titanic: A Night Remembered. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-85285-500-0.
Barnes, Julian (2010). A History of the World in 10½ Chapters. London: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4090-8865-3.
Biel, Steven (1996). Down with the Old Canoe. London: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-03965-X.
Chirnside, Mark (2004). The Olympic-class ships : Olympic, Titanic, Britannic. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus. ISBN 978-0-7524-2868-0.
Eaton, John P.; Haas, Charles A. (1994). Titanic: Triumph and Tragedy. Wellingborough, Northamptonshire: Patrick Stephens. ISBN 978-1-85260-493-6.
Heyer, Paul (2012). Titanic Century: Media, Myth, and the Making of a Cultural Icon. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-39815-5.
Lord, Walter (1988). The Night Lives On. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-670-81452-7.
Mayer, Geoff (2004). Roy Ward Baker. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6354-1.
Rasor, Eugene L. (2001). The Titanic: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31215-1.
Richards, Jeffrey (2001). Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6143-1.
Street, Sarah (2004). "Questions of Authenticity and Realism in A Night to Remember (1958)". In Bergfelder, Tim; Street, Sarah (eds.). The Titanic in myth and memory: representations in visual and literary culture. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-85043-431-3.
Ward, Greg (2012). The Rough Guide to the Titanic. London: Rough Guides Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4053-8699-9.
Winocour, Jack, ed. (1960). The Story of the Titanic as told by its Survivors. London: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-20610-3.
Fitch, Tad; Layton, J. Kent; Wormstedt, Bill (2012). On A Sea of Glass: The Life & Loss of the R.M.S. Titanic. Amberley Books. ISBN 978-1848689275.
External links
A Night to Remember at IMDb
A Night to Remember at the TCM Movie Database
A Night to Remember at AllMovie
A Night to Remember at Rotten Tomatoes
A Night to Remember an essay by Michael Sragow at the Criterion Collection
vteTitanic
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Edward J. Smith (Captain)
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Popular culture(cultural legacy)Books
The Wreck of the Titan: Or, Futility (1898)
A Night to Remember (book)
Polar the Titanic Bear
Films
Saved from the Titanic (1912)
In Nacht und Eis (1912)
La hantise (1912)
Atlantic (1929)
Atlantik (1929)
Titanic (1943)
Titanic (1953)
A Night to Remember (1958)
The Unsinkable Molly Brown (1964)
Raise the Titanic (1980)
Secrets of the Titanic (1986)
Titanica (1992)
Titanic (1997)
The Chambermaid on the Titanic (1997)
The Legend of the Titanic (1999)
Titanic: The Legend Goes On (2000)
The Boy Who Saw the Iceberg (2000)
Ghosts of the Abyss (2003)
Tentacolino (2004)
Titanic II (2010)
The Six (2021)
Titanic 666 (2022)
Unsinkable (2024)
Television
"A Night to Remember" (1956)
S.O.S. Titanic (1979)
Titanic: The Complete Story (1994)
Titanic (1996 miniseries)
No Greater Love (1996)
"A Flight to Remember" (Futurama) (1999)
Titanic (2012 miniseries)
Titanic: Blood and Steel (2012)
Saving the Titanic (2012)
Titanic: The Aftermath (2012)
Theater
The Berg (1929)
The Unsinkable Molly Brown (1960 musical)
Titanic (1974)
Titanic (1997 musical)
Music
"The Titanic (It Was Sad When That Great Ship Went Down)" (folk song)
The Sinking of the Titanic (music composition)
Titanic (soundtrack album)
Back to Titanic (soundtrack album)
"My Heart Will Go On" (song)
"Nearer, My God, to Thee" (song)
Titanique (musical parody)
"Dance Band on the Titanic" (song)
"Titanic" (song)
Titanic Requiem (music composition)
"Tempest" (song)
Titanic Rising (album)
Video games
Search for the Titanic (1989)
Titanic: Adventure Out of Time (1996)
Titanic: Honor and Glory (TBA)
Museumsand exhibitions
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Category
vteFilms directed by Roy Ward Baker
The October Man (1947)
The Weaker Sex (1948)
Paper Orchid (1949)
Morning Departure (1950)
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I'll Never Forget You (1951)
Don't Bother to Knock (1952)
Night Without Sleep (1952)
Inferno (1953)
Passage Home (1955)
Jacqueline (1956)
Tiger in the Smoke (1956)
The One That Got Away (1957)
A Night to Remember (1958)
The Singer Not the Song (1961)
Flame in the Streets (1961)
The Valiant (1962)
Two Left Feet (1963)
Quatermass and the Pit (1967)
The Anniversary (1968)
The Fiction Makers (1968)
Moon Zero Two (1969)
The Spy Killer (1969)
Foreign Exchange (1970)
The Vampire Lovers (1970)
Scars of Dracula (1970)
Journey to Midnight (1971)
Dr. Jekyll and Sister Hyde (1971)
Asylum (1972)
The Vault of Horror (1973)
And Now the Screaming Starts! (1973)
The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires (1974)
The Monster Club (1981)
The Masks of Death (1984)
vteGolden Globe Award for Best English-Language Foreign Film1940s
Hamlet (1948)
1950s
Richard III (1956)
Woman in a Dressing Gown (1957)
A Night to Remember (1958)
1960s
The Trials of Oscar Wilde (1960)
No Award (1963)
Girl with Green Eyes (1964)
Darling (1965)
Alfie (1966)
The Fox (1967)
Romeo and Juliet (1968)
Oh! What a Lovely War (1969)
1970s
Women in Love (1970)
Sunday Bloody Sunday (1971)
Young Winston (1972)
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Germany
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"A Night to Remember (Kraft Television Theatre)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Night_to_Remember_(Kraft_Television_Theatre)"},{"link_name":"A Night to Remember (1942 film)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Night_to_Remember_(1942_film)"},{"link_name":"historical","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_film"},{"link_name":"disaster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster_film"},{"link_name":"docudrama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docudrama"},{"link_name":"eponymous 1955 book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Night_to_Remember_(book)"},{"link_name":"Walter Lord","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Lord"},{"link_name":"final night","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Titanic"},{"link_name":"RMS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Mail_Ship"},{"link_name":"Titanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanic"},{"link_name":"Eric Ambler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Ambler"},{"link_name":"Roy Ward Baker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Ward_Baker"},{"link_name":"Kenneth More","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_More"},{"link_name":"Charles Lightoller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lightoller"},{"link_name":"Michael Goodliffe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Goodliffe"},{"link_name":"Laurence Naismith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Naismith"},{"link_name":"Kenneth Griffith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Griffith"},{"link_name":"David McCallum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_McCallum"},{"link_name":"Tucker McGuire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucker_McGuire"},{"link_name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2012226-4"},{"link_name":"William MacQuitty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_MacQuitty"},{"link_name":"Joseph Boxhall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Boxhall"},{"link_name":"Cunard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunard_Line"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStreet2004143-3"},{"link_name":"William Alwyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Alwyn"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rank-1"},{"link_name":"Golden Globe Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Night_To_Remember,_a-5"},{"link_name":"films about the Titanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_about_the_Titanic"},{"link_name":"Titanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Critical_Studies-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PPGZ-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Rotten Tomatoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Rotten-9"}],"text":"This article is about the 1958 film. For the 1956 television play, see A Night to Remember (Kraft Television Theatre).Not to be confused with A Night to Remember (1942 film).A Night to Remember is a 1958 British historical disaster docudrama film based on the eponymous 1955 book by Walter Lord. The film and book recount the final night of RMS Titanic, which sank on her maiden voyage after she struck an iceberg in 1912. Adapted by Eric Ambler and directed by Roy Ward Baker, the film stars Kenneth More as the ship's Second Officer Charles Lightoller and features Michael Goodliffe, Laurence Naismith, Kenneth Griffith, David McCallum and Tucker McGuire. It was filmed in the United Kingdom and tells the story of the sinking, portraying the main incidents and players in a documentary-style fashion with considerable attention to detail.[4] The production team, supervised by producer William MacQuitty (who saw the original ship launched) used blueprints of the ship to create authentic sets, while Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall and ex-Cunard Commodore Harry Grattidge worked as technical advisors on the film. Its estimated budget of up to £600,000 (£13.1 million adjusted for inflation [2019]) was exceptional and made it the most expensive film ever made in Britain up to that time.[3] The film's score was written by William Alwyn.The film disappointed at the box office.[1] However, it received critical acclaim and won the 1959 \"Samuel Goldwyn International Award\" at the Golden Globe Awards.[5] Among the many films about the Titanic, A Night to Remember is regarded highly by Titanic historians and survivors for its accuracy, despite its modest production values, compared with the 1997 Hollywood film Titanic.[6][7][8] Retrospective analysis by both critics and regular viewers has been favourable; for example, on Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has a score of 100% based on twenty-two critical reviews and a 90% value according to audience responses.[9]","title":"A Night to Remember (1958 film)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Edward Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Smith_(sea_captain)"},{"link_name":"SS Californian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Californian"},{"link_name":"Wallace Hartley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Hartley"},{"link_name":"Jack Phillips","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Phillips_(wireless_officer)"},{"link_name":"Harold Bride","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bride"},{"link_name":"Thomas Andrews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Andrews_(shipbuilder)"},{"link_name":"lifeboat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifeboat_(shipboard)"},{"link_name":"RMS Carpathia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Carpathia"},{"link_name":"Arthur Rostron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Rostron"},{"link_name":"Charles Lightoller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lightoller"},{"link_name":"Grand Staircase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Staircase_of_the_RMS_Titanic"},{"link_name":"William McMaster Murdoch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McMaster_Murdoch"},{"link_name":"Ida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Straus"},{"link_name":"Isidor Straus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidor_Straus"},{"link_name":"White Star Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Star_Line"},{"link_name":"J. Bruce Ismay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Bruce_Ismay"},{"link_name":"Nearer, My God, to Thee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearer,_My_God,_to_Thee"},{"link_name":"go down with his ship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_captain_goes_down_with_the_ship"},{"link_name":"hypothermia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothermia"},{"link_name":"Charles Joughin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Joughin"},{"link_name":"Colonel Archibald Gracie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Gracie_IV"}],"text":"In 1912, the luxurious Titanic is the largest vessel afloat and is widely believed to be unsinkable. On 10 April, Titanic sails from Southampton on her maiden voyage to New York. On 14 April, in the Atlantic, the ship receives a number of ice warnings from steamers, which are relayed to Captain Edward Smith, who orders a lookout. That evening, the SS Californian spots floating ice in the distance and tries to send a telegraph message to Titanic.On Titanic, first class passengers Sir Richard and Lady Richard, and second class passengers the Clarkes, a young newlywed couple, overhear the band, led by Wallace Hartley. The band plays various songs, while steerage passengers Pat Murphy, Martin Gallagher, and James Farrel enjoy a party in third class, where Murphy becomes attracted to a young Polish girl and dances with her.In the telegraph room, operators Jack Phillips and Harold Bride are changing shifts. Phillips receives an ice warning, but when more messages arrive for him to send out, the warning is lost under them. On the Californian, field ice is spotted. The ship stops due to the risk, and a message is sent to Titanic. Because the Californian is so close, the telegraph message is very loud, and Phillips cuts it off abruptly. Titanic's passengers begin to settle in for the night, while gamblers Hoyle and Jay Yates stay up.Suddenly, the vessel collides with an iceberg. Captain Smith sends for Thomas Andrews, the ship's builder, to inspect the damage, who determines that Titanic will sink within two hours, and both realise that the ship lacks sufficient lifeboat capacity for all the passengers. Distress signals are sent out, but the Californian's radio operator is off duty. 58 miles away, the RMS Carpathia radio operator receives the distress call and alerts Captain Arthur Rostron, who orders Dean to turn around the ship. Unfortunately, it will take around four hours to reach the Titanic.Seeing the Californian on the horizon 10 miles away, Titanic begins to signal the ship, but the Californian's crew fails to comprehend why a ship within sight is firing rockets, as Captain Smith orders Second Officer Charles Lightoller to start lowering the lifeboats, while the orchestra performs ragtime. In the Grand Staircase, passenger Robbie Lucas is told the truth by Andrews and he gets his wife and children safely into a boat.Murphy, Gallagher and Farrel help the Polish girl and her mother to the boat deck and get them to a boat. The Richards and Hoyle are admitted to a boat by First Officer William McMaster Murdoch. Yates gives a female passenger a note to send to his sister. Ida and Isidor Straus refuse to be separated, inadvertently setting an example for Mrs Clarke, who decides to stay with her husband until Andrews advises them on how to survive.As the crew struggles to hold back the third-class passengers, most first- and second-class passengers board lifeboats and row away. As Titanic leans, passengers begin to realise the danger; when the third-class passengers are finally allowed up, chaos ensues. White Star Line Chairman J. Bruce Ismay steps into one of the last lifeboats. Passengers—among them Murphy, Gallagher and Farrel—retreat towards the stern as it rises into the air, while Lightoller and other able seamen struggle to free the two remaining collapsible lifeboats, as the Titanic's bow submerges. Captain Smith gives the final order to abandon ship, and orders every man to save himself.The Clarkes use a rope to get down the ship's side and the orchestra performs the hymn, \"Nearer, My God, to Thee\", as Smith returns to the bridge to go down with his ship. Titanic begins its final plunge; Lightoller and many others are swept off. Andrews awaits his fate in the first-class smoking room, while a kindly steward comforts a lost boy separated from his mother. Lucas looks out towards the lifeboats, realising that he will never see his family again, while the Clarkes are killed by a falling funnel. The passengers pray as the stricken liner rapidly sinks into the ocean.In the freezing water, many die of hypothermia. Lucas's dead body floats by an overturned collapsible, as Yates, unwilling to overcrowd the boat, swims away to his death. Lightoller takes charge on the boat as Murphy and Gallagher make it aboard, although Farrel is lost. Chief Baker Charles Joughin, after having given up his lifeboat seat and turning to the bottle to ease his ailments, also climbs aboard. The men are saved by another boat. The Carpathia arrives to rescue the survivors, as a shaken Lightoller tells Colonel Archibald Gracie, \"I don't think I'll ever feel sure again, about anything.\"On the ship, as a group prayer is held, Murphy and Gallagher stand with the Polish girl and her mother, while Mrs Farrel and Mrs Lucas and her children mourn the loss of their loved ones. Rostron takes Lightoller on deck as Carpathia sails by the remaining floating wreckage from the Titanic. Rostron informs Lightoller that 705 were saved and 1,500 lost. The Carpathia receives a message from the Californian, which heard of the disaster, but Rostron informs them that \"everything that was humanly possible has been done\".","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kenneth More","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_More"},{"link_name":"Charles Lightoller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lightoller"},{"link_name":"Michael Goodliffe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Goodliffe"},{"link_name":"Thomas Andrews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Andrews"},{"link_name":"Laurence Naismith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Naismith"},{"link_name":"Edward Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Smith_(sea_captain)"},{"link_name":"Kenneth Griffith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Griffith"},{"link_name":"Jack Phillips","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Phillips_(wireless_officer)"},{"link_name":"David McCallum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_McCallum"},{"link_name":"Harold Bride","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bride"},{"link_name":"Tucker McGuire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucker_McGuire"},{"link_name":"Margaret \"Molly\" Brown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Brown"},{"link_name":"Frank Lawton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lawton"},{"link_name":"J. Bruce Ismay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Bruce_Ismay"},{"link_name":"Richard Leech","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Leech"},{"link_name":"William McMaster Murdoch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McMaster_Murdoch"},{"link_name":"John Cairney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cairney"},{"link_name":"Patrick McAlinney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_McAlinney"},{"link_name":"Anthony Bushell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Bushell"},{"link_name":"Arthur Rostron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Rostron"},{"link_name":"Alec McCowen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec_McCowen"},{"link_name":"Harold Cottam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Cottam"},{"link_name":"Ronald Allen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Allen"},{"link_name":"Jill Dixon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Dixon"},{"link_name":"Geoffrey Bayldon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Bayldon"},{"link_name":"George Rose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Rose_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Charles Joughin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Joughin"},{"link_name":"John Merivale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Merivale"},{"link_name":"Honor Blackman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_Blackman"},{"link_name":"Robert Ayres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Ayres_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Arthur Godfrey Peuchen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Godfrey_Peuchen"},{"link_name":"Ralph Michael","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Michael"},{"link_name":"James Dyrenforth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Dyrenforth"},{"link_name":"Archibald Gracie IV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Gracie_IV"},{"link_name":"Russell Napier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Napier"},{"link_name":"Stanley Lord","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Lord"},{"link_name":"Jane Downs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Downs"},{"link_name":"Patrick Waddington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Waddington"},{"link_name":"Redmond Phillips","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redmond_Phillips"},{"link_name":"Joseph Tomelty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Tomelty"},{"link_name":"Jack Watling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Watling"},{"link_name":"Joseph Boxhall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Boxhall"},{"link_name":"Michael Bryant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bryant_(actor)"},{"link_name":"James Paul Moody","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Paul_Moody"},{"link_name":"Howard Lang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Lang"},{"link_name":"Henry Tingle Wilde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Tingle_Wilde"},{"link_name":"Cyril Chamberlain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Chamberlain"},{"link_name":"Harold Goldblatt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Goldblatt"},{"link_name":"Benjamin Guggenheim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Guggenheim"},{"link_name":"Gerald Harper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Harper"},{"link_name":"Thomas Heathcote","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heathcote"},{"link_name":"Andrew Keir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Keir"},{"link_name":"Howard Pays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Pays"},{"link_name":"Harold Lowe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Lowe"},{"link_name":"Harold Siddons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Siddons"},{"link_name":"Rosamund Greenwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosamund_Greenwood"},{"link_name":"Arthur Gross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Gross_(actor)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Wallace Hartley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Hartley"},{"link_name":"Chief Engineer Joseph Bell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bell_(engineer)"},{"link_name":"Miss Edith Russell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Rosenbaum"},{"link_name":"John Moulder-Brown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Moulder-Brown"},{"link_name":"W. T. Stead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._T._Stead"},{"link_name":"Larry Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Taylor_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Alma Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Taylor"},{"link_name":"Edward Malin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Malin"},{"link_name":"Jack Stewart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Stewart_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Olwen Brookes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olwen_Brookes"},{"link_name":"Paul Hardwick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Hardwick"},{"link_name":"Larry Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Taylor_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Peter Sallis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sallis"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Kenneth More","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_More"},{"link_name":"Laurence Naismith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Naismith"},{"link_name":"Michael Goodliffe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Goodliffe"},{"link_name":"Sink the Bismarck!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink_the_Bismarck!"},{"link_name":"baritone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baritone"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Desmond Llewelyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Llewelyn"},{"link_name":"Peter Burton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Burton"},{"link_name":"Bernard Fox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Fox_(actor)"},{"link_name":"Frederick Fleet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Fleet"},{"link_name":"Archibald Gracie IV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Gracie_IV"},{"link_name":"Titanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)"},{"link_name":"Peter Burton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Burton"},{"link_name":"Desmond Llewelyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Llewelyn"},{"link_name":"Geoffrey Bayldon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Bayldon"},{"link_name":"Alec McCowen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec_McCowen"},{"link_name":"\"Q\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(James_Bond)"},{"link_name":"James Bond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bond_film_series"},{"link_name":"Goldfinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfinger_(film)"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Norman Rossington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Rossington"},{"link_name":"S.O.S. Titanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.O.S._Titanic"},{"link_name":"Jeremy Bulloch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Bulloch"},{"link_name":"Boba Fett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boba_Fett"},{"link_name":"Star Wars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars"},{"link_name":"The Empire Strikes Back","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back"},{"link_name":"Return of the Jedi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi"},{"link_name":"Derren Nesbitt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derren_Nesbitt"},{"link_name":"Stratford Johns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratford_Johns"},{"link_name":"Frank Lawton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Lawton"},{"link_name":"Cavalcade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalcade_(1933_film)"},{"link_name":"Alma Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Taylor"},{"link_name":"Silent film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_film"},{"link_name":"David McCallum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_McCallum"},{"link_name":"A&E","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%26E_(TV_channel)"},{"link_name":"Titanic: Death of a Dream","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanic:_The_Complete_Story"},{"link_name":"Titanic: The Legend Lives On","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanic:_The_Complete_Story"}],"text":"Kenneth More as Second Officer Charles Lightoller\nMichael Goodliffe as shipbuilder Thomas Andrews\nLaurence Naismith as Captain Edward Smith\nKenneth Griffith as Wireless Operator Jack Phillips\nDavid McCallum as Assistant Wireless Operator Harold Bride\nTucker McGuire as Mrs Margaret \"Molly\" Brown\nFrank Lawton as chairman and managing director of the White Star Line J. Bruce Ismay\nRichard Leech as First Officer William McMaster Murdoch\nJohn Cairney as Mr Murphy\nRichard Clarke as Martin Gallagher\nPatrick McAlinney as Mr James Farrell\nAnthony Bushell as Captain Arthur Rostron\nAlec McCowen as Wireless Operator Harold Cottam, RMS Carpathia\nRonald Allen as Mr Clarke\nJill Dixon as Mrs Clarke\nGeoffrey Bayldon as Wireless Operator Cyril Evans, SS Californian\nGeorge Rose as Chief Baker Charles Joughin\nJohn Merivale as Robbie Lucas\nHonor Blackman as Mrs Liz Lucas\nRobert Ayres as Arthur Godfrey Peuchen\nRalph Michael as Jay Yates\nJames Dyrenforth as Colonel Archibald Gracie IV\nRussell Napier as Captain Stanley Lord\nJane Downs as Iowa Sylvania Zillah \"Sylvia\" Hawley-Wilson (Mrs Sylvia Lightoller)\nPatrick Waddington as Sir Richard\nHarriette Johns as Lady Richard\nRedmond Phillips as Mr Hoyle\nJoseph Tomelty as Dr William O'Loughlin\nJack Watling as Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall\nMichael Bryant as Sixth Officer James Paul Moody\nHoward Lang as Chief Officer Henry Tingle Wilde (uncredited)\nCyril Chamberlain as Quartermaster Rowe\nBee Duffell as Mrs. Farrell\nHarold Goldblatt as Benjamin Guggenheim\nGerald Harper as Third Officer, RMS Carpathia\nThomas Heathcote as Steward\nAndrew Keir as Second Engineer Officer John Henry 'Harry' Hesketh\nHoward Pays as Fifth Officer Harold Lowe\nHarold Siddons as Second Officer Herbert Stone, SS Californian\nJulian Somers as Mr Bull\nRosamund Greenwood as Mrs Bull (uncredited)\nArthur Gross as Quartermaster Hichens (uncredited)\nCharles Belchier as Bandleader Wallace Hartley (uncredited)\nEmerton Court as Chief Engineer Joseph Bell (uncredited)\nTeresa Thorne as Miss Edith Russell (uncredited)\nJohn Moulder-Brown as boy (uncredited)\nHenry Campbell as W. T. Stead (uncredited)\nLarry Taylor as bearded seaman (uncredited)\nAlma Taylor as old woman who leaves her seat to a young mother on the lifeboat (uncredited)\nRay Austin as seaman (high fall into water stunt) (uncredited)\nEdward Malin as Dining Saloon Steward\nJohn Martin as Lost Boy (uncredited)\nVictor Wood as Steward (uncredited)\nRichard Shaw as Crewman (uncredited)\nSean Connery as Lifeboat passenger (uncredited)\nJack Stewart as Stoker Barrett (uncredited)\nOlwen Brookes as Miss Evans (uncredited)\nPaul Hardwick as Guggenheim's Valet (uncredited)\nLarry Taylor as Life Boat passenger (uncredited)\nPeter Sallis as Minor Role (uncredited)[10]Cast notes:Kenneth More, Laurence Naismith, and Michael Goodliffe all featured later in Sink the Bismarck!.\nGordon Holdom - baritone, sang the song \"Nearer, My God, to Thee\" dubbed.[11]\nDesmond Llewelyn makes an uncredited appearance as a gate steward who prevents the third class passengers from entering the first class deck.\nPeter Burton makes an appearance as a steward.\nBernard Fox, who appears as Lookout Frederick Fleet, also appears as Colonel Archibald Gracie IV in Titanic (1997).\nBy coincidence, four members of the cast, Peter Burton, Desmond Llewelyn, Geoffrey Bayldon and Alec McCowen, went on to play \"Q\" in various James Bond movies.\nTwo cast members – Llewelyn and Blackman – would later appear in the 1964 James Bond film Goldfinger.[12]\nNorman Rossington, who appears as a steward who loses his temper with non-English speaking passengers just after the collision, also appears as the Master-at-Arms in S.O.S. Titanic (1979).\nJeremy Bulloch, best known for his portrayal of Boba Fett in the Star Wars films The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, makes an uncredited appearance as a boy jumping into water.\nDerren Nesbitt and Stratford Johns appear uncredited as survivors on the upturned lifeboat.\nFrank Lawton, who plays J. Bruce Ismay, previously starred in 1933's Cavalcade, which also prominently featured the Titanic.\nThis is the last movie for Alma Taylor, very famous actress in Silent film era.\nDavid McCallum, who plays Harold Bride, would serve as the narrator for the 1994 A&E documentary mini-series Titanic: Death of a Dream and Titanic: The Legend Lives On.","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Walter Lord","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Lord"},{"link_name":"A Night to Remember","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Night_to_Remember_(book)"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Sragow-13"},{"link_name":"Harland and Wolff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harland_and_Wolff"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMayer200431-14"}],"sub_title":"Original book","text":"The film is based on Walter Lord's book A Night to Remember (1955), but in Ray Johnson's documentary The Making of 'A Night to Remember' (1993), Lord says that when he wrote his book, there was no mass interest in the Titanic,[13] and he was the first writer in four decades to attempt a grand-scale history of the disaster, synthesising written sources and survivors' first-hand accounts. Lord dated the genesis of his interest in the subject to childhood. So did producer MacQuitty, who had vivid memories of, as a boy of six, watching the launch of the Titanic at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast on 31 May 1911 and seeing it depart on its maiden voyage the following April.[14]","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"NBC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC"},{"link_name":"Kraft Foods","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_Foods"},{"link_name":"Kraft Television Theatre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_Television_Theatre"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson200597-15"},{"link_name":"George Roy Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Roy_Hill"},{"link_name":"Claude Rains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Rains"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiel1996151-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson200598-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiel1996160-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiel1996161-19"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiel1996151-16"},{"link_name":"kinescope","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinescope"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson200597-15"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERasor2001119-20"}],"sub_title":"1956 television adaptation","text":"The book had previously been adapted as a live American TV production, screened by NBC and sponsored by Kraft Foods as part of the Kraft Television Theatre series on 28 March 1956.[15] It has been described as \"the biggest, most lavish, most expensive thing of its kind\" attempted up to that point, with 31 sets, 107 actors, 72 speaking parts, and 3,000 gallons of water and costing $95,000 ($816,000 at 2023 prices). George Roy Hill directed and Claude Rains narrated[16] – a practice borrowed from radio dramas, which provided a template for many television dramas of the time.[17] It took a similar approach to the book, lacking dominant characters and switching between a multiplicity of scenes. Rains's narration was used \"to bridge the almost limitless number of sequences of life aboard the doomed liner\", as a reviewer put it,[18] and closed with his declaration that \"never again has Man been so confident. An age had come to an end.\"[19]The production was a major hit, attracting 28 million viewers, and greatly boosted the book's sales.[16] It was rerun on kinescope on 2 May 1956, five weeks after its first broadcast.[15][20]","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Roy Ward Baker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Ward_Baker"},{"link_name":"William MacQuitty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_MacQuitty"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200129-2"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyer2012149-21"},{"link_name":"Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Boxhall"},{"link_name":"Edith Russell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Rosenbaum"},{"link_name":"Lawrence Beesley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Beesley"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard2012226-4"},{"link_name":"Julian Barnes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Barnes"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnes2010175-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sylvia-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitchLaytonWormstedt2012278-24"},{"link_name":"Molly Brown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Brown"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-books.google.com-25"},{"link_name":"Charles Lightoller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lightoller"},{"link_name":"Archibald Gracie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Gracie_IV"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiel1996161-19"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200135%E2%80%9336-26"},{"link_name":"Shaw, Savill & Albion Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaw,_Savill_%26_Albion_Line"},{"link_name":"QSMV Dominion Monarch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QSMV_Dominion_Monarch"},{"link_name":"J. Bruce Ismay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Bruce_Ismay"},{"link_name":"International Mercantile Marine Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mercantile_Marine_Company"},{"link_name":"J.P. Morgan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan"},{"link_name":"Faslane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faslane"},{"link_name":"RMS Asturias","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Asturias_(1925)"},{"link_name":"scrapping","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_breaking"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAldridge200889-27"}],"sub_title":"Development","text":"The film adaptation came about after its eventual director, Roy Ward Baker, and its producer, Belfast-born William MacQuitty, both acquired copies of the book -– Baker from his favourite bookshop and MacQuitty from his wife – and decided to obtain the film rights. MacQuitty succeeded in raising finance from John Davis at the Rank Organisation, who in the late 1950s were expanding into bigger-budgeted filmmaking. The job of directing was assigned to Roy Baker, who was under contract to Rank, and Baker recommended Ambler be given the job of writing the screenplay.[2] Lord was brought on board as a consultant.[21]In addition to basing the script – both in action and dialogue – on Lord's book, the filmmakers achieved nuanced performances and authentic atmosphere by consulting several actual Titanic survivors, who served as technical advisors. Among them were Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall and passengers Edith Russell and Lawrence Beesley.[4] One day during shooting, Beesley famously gatecrashed the set. He infiltrated the set during the sinking scene, hoping to 'go down with the ship', but was discovered by the director, who ordered him off and vetoed this unscheduled appearance due to the actors' union rules. Thus, as Julian Barnes puts it, \"for the second time in his life, Beesley left the Titanic just before it was due to go down\".[22] Charles Lightoller's widow Sylvia was also consulted during production, at one point visiting Pinewood Studios and meeting with Kenneth More, whom she introduced to her children on set. Sylvia commended More for his portrayal of her husband.[23] When Helen Smith, Captain Smith's daughter, visited the set, she was overcome by the striking physical resemblance between Laurence Naismith and her father.[24]There were numerous changes made to real events to increase the drama and appeal. For example, there is a limited involvement of American passengers (with the exception of the Strauses, Guggenheim, \"the unsinkable\" Molly Brown and Colonel Gracie), and several characters based on Americans are depicted as being British. When questioned as to why he did this, Roy Baker noted that \"it was a British film made by British artists for a British audience\".[25] Also, the film diverges from both the book and the NBC TV adaptation in focusing on a central character, Second Officer Charles Lightoller, who does and says some things that other crewmembers are reported to have done and said during the actual disaster. Its conclusion reflects Lord's world-historical theme of a \"world changed forever\" with a fictional conversation between Lightoller and Colonel Archibald Gracie, sitting on a lifeboat. Lightoller declares that the disaster is \"different ... Because we were so sure. Because even though it's happened, it's still unbelievable. I don't think I'll ever feel sure again. About anything.\"[19] Rank wanted a star for the part, so it was offered to Kenneth More, who accepted. It was the first film that he made under a new contract with Rank to make seven films in five years for a fee of £40,000 per film (about £902,000 in 2019 terms, with a total of £6,600,000 for all seven).[26]Producer MacQuitty had originally contracted with Shaw, Savill & Albion Line to use its former flagship QSMV Dominion Monarch to shoot scenes, but the company pulled out of the production at the last minute, citing that they did not want to use one of their liners to recreate the Titanic sinking. However, according to MacQuitty, the Shaw Savill Line at the time was managed by Basil Sanderson, son of Harold Sanderson, the White Star Line's director in the US at the time of the sinking. Harold Sanderson would later succeed J. Bruce Ismay as president of the International Mercantile Marine Company, J.P. Morgan's shipping conglomerate that owned the White Star Line. This connection to White Star, according to MacQuitty, is what actually led the Shaw Savill Line to pull out. MacQuitty eventually got permission from Ship Breaking Industries in Faslane, Scotland to film scenes aboard RMS Asturias, a 1920s ocean liner that the company was scrapping. The liner's port side had been demolished, but its starboard was still intact, so MacQuitty got art students to paint the liner the White Star Line colours and used mirrors to recreate scenes that took place on the port side. 30 sets were constructed using the builders' original plans for Titanic.[27]","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kenneth More","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_More"},{"link_name":"Pinewood Studios","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinewood_Studios"},{"link_name":"Ruislip Lido","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruislip_Lido"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"Nazi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi"},{"link_name":"propaganda film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_film"},{"link_name":"Titanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanic_(1943_film)"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"Herbert Selpin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Selpin"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"Joseph Goebbels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels"}],"sub_title":"Shooting","text":"Filming began on 15 October 1957 at Pinewood Studios, until 5 March 1958. When the set was being raised at an angle, the microphones picked up the sounds of the set creaking. The director kept them in the sinking scenes because they made the scenes more realistic. The last shot to be filmed was Sir Richard and Lady Richard's departure from their home past the waving orphans, according to Ray Johnson's documentary The Making of 'A Night to Remember' (1993).Kenneth More recalled the production of the film in his autobiography, published 20 years later in 1978. There was no tank big enough at Pinewood Studios to film the survivors struggling to climb into lifeboats, so it was done in the open-air swimming bath at Ruislip Lido, at 2:00 am on an icy November morning. When the extras refused to jump in, Moore realised he would have to set an example. He called out: \"Come on!\".I leaped. Never have I experienced such cold in all my life. It was like jumping into a deep freeze. The shock forced the breath out of my body. My heart seemed to stop beating. I felt crushed, unable to think. I had rigor mortis, without the mortis. And then I surfaced, spat out the dirty water and, gasping for breath, found my voice.\n\"Stop!\" I shouted. \"Don't listen to me! It's bloody awful! Stay where you are!\"\n\nBut it was too late...[28]Four clips from the Nazi propaganda film Titanic (1943) were used in A Night to Remember; two of the ship sailing in calm waters during the day, and two of a flooding walkway in the engine room.[29] As Brian Hawkins writes, the British came closest \"to the Titanic truth in 1958 with their black-and-white production of Walter Lord's novel A Night to Remember, seamlessly incorporating sequences from director Herbert Selpin's 1943 (Nazi) Titanic without giving any screen credits for these incredible scenes\".[30] Selpin himself was arrested on the instruction of Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels during production in early August 1942, for offering a negative opinion of the German military while directing this earlier Nazi-era film. He was then found dead in his prison cell.","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Titanic_the_sinking.jpg"},{"link_name":"by whom?","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Michael_Janusonis_2003-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"The Guardian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sylvia-23"},{"link_name":"composites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_character"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Remember_1958-33"},{"link_name":"Eloise Hughes Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eloise_Hughes_Smith"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"cable ship Mackay-Bennett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CS_Mackay-Bennett"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-books.google.com-25"},{"link_name":"Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Cosmo_Duff-Gordon"},{"link_name":"Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy,_Lady_Duff-Gordon"},{"link_name":"John Jacob Astor IV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor_IV"},{"link_name":"Stoker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoker_(occupation)"},{"link_name":"Frederick Barrett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Barrett"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Remember_1958-33"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ANTR-36"},{"link_name":"New York Harbor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Harbor"},{"link_name":"RMS Olympic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Olympic"},{"link_name":"sister ship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_ship"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEatonHaas1994155-37"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarczewski200628-42"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinocour1960299-43"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Remember_1958-33"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitchLaytonWormstedt2012331%E2%80%93333-45"}],"text":"Illustration of the sinking of the TitanicThe film is regarded as the most historically accurate Titanic film, except for not featuring the ship breaking in two.[by whom?] (There was still doubt about this fact when the book and film were produced. The accepted view at the time, and the result of the inquiries, was that she sank intact; it was only confirmed that she split after the wreck was found in 1985).[31][32] Lightoller's widow Sylvia praised the film's historical accuracy in an interview with The Guardian, stating \"The film is really the truth and has not been embroidered\".[23]While some events are based on history, some of the characters and their storylines are fictional or dramatised; the characters of Mr Murphy, Mr Hoyle, and Jay Yates being composites of several men.[33] Murphy, who leads the steerage girls to the lifeboat, is a composite of several Irish emigrants. Although there was, in fact, a Martin Gallagher travelling steerage aboard the Titanic, his actions in the film are fictionalised and although he survives the sinking, he actually died in real life. Hoyle, the gambler who gets into the lifeboat on the starboard side, is a composite of several such figures, men determined to save themselves at all costs. Robbie Lucas and Mrs Liz Lucas are composites of several married couples, notably Mr Lucian Smith and Mrs Eloise Hughes Smith. Lucas even says the words actually spoken by Lucien Smith to his wife: \"I never expected to ask you to obey me, but this is one time you must\".[34] Mr Clarke and Mrs Clarke are composites of several honeymoon couples, notably Mr John Chapman and Mrs Sarah Chapman, a pair of newlyweds from second class who died during the sinking. John Chapman's body was recovered by the cable ship Mackay-Bennett, and there were no mentions or indications that suggest that he had been killed by a falling funnel.[35] The involvement of American passengers was either limited or left out (with the exception of the Strauses, Guggenheim, Margaret Brown and Colonel Gracie).[25]Several historical figures were renamed or went unnamed to avoid potential legal action. Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon and Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon are depicted as Sir Richard and Lady Richard (Lady Duff's secretary Miss Francatelli is completely omitted) and Bruce Ismay is referred to throughout only as \"The Chairman\".The film omits several key historical figures, including John Jacob Astor IV, the wealthiest passenger aboard the Titanic, and Stoker Frederick Barrett, with Second Engineer Officer John Henry Hesketh's role being expanded to include duties and actions that were performed by Barrett and others.[33]In reality, the American gambler Jay Yates (played as British by the distinctive British actor Ralph Michael), travelling under the name of J.H. Rogers, was never on board, and the note he was said to have handed to a passenger was a hoax. Yates wrote the note in New York and then had a woman accomplice pose as a survivor and deliver the note to the newspaper. Yates did this in order to make the police think he was dead. They didn't fall for the ruse, and Yates was captured a couple of months later (he was wanted on federal charges connected with postal thefts). The fictional Yates says, \"Good luck and God bless you\", the words spoken by an unknown swimmer at Collapsible B, whom survivor fireman Walter Hurst thought was Captain Smith.[36]The painting in the first class smoking room is incorrectly shown as depicting the entrance to New York Harbor, while it actually depicted the entrance to Plymouth Sound, which Titanic had been expected to visit on her return voyage (there was a painting of New York Harbor at this spot on RMS Olympic, a sister ship of Titanic). This was an error made by Walter Lord in his research, which he acknowledged in the documentary The Making of A Night to Remember.[37][38][39]The first scene of A Night to Remember depicts the christening of the ship at its launch. However, the Titanic was never christened, as it was not the practice of the White Star Line to stage this sort of ceremony.[40] This has come down in popular lore as one of the many contributing factors to the ship's \"bad luck\".Stanley Lord was upset over his negative portrayal; he was depicted wearing pyjamas and as being asleep in his cabin while the Titanic was sinking. In fact, Lord was sleeping in the chart room wearing his uniform.The film makes a hero of second officer Lightoller, who seems to have launched almost every single lifeboat. Actions that were actually performed by others were attributed to Lightoller.[41] Lightoller is also depicted as nearly being crushed by the fourth funnel falling in the ship's last moments. It was actually the first funnel that fell near Lightoller.[42][43][33]Some historical figures have the 'wrong' accent: The portrayal of Thomas Andrews by British actor Michael Goodlife was believable, but the accent should have been not British but Irish. Murdoch's accent should have been Scottish.[44]Murphy and Gallagher make it to the overturned Collapsible B with a child in their arms, which they pass to Lightoller. Lightoller realises the child is dead and puts it back in the water. This was inspired by several accounts that Captain Smith reportedly carried a child to the boat, which later died. Along with these accounts being of dubious nature, Lightoller never reported receiving a child on Collapsible B.[45]","title":"Historical accuracy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Odeon Leicester Square","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odeon_Leicester_Square"},{"link_name":"Herbert Pitman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Pitman"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitchLaytonWormstedt2012278-24"},{"link_name":"Titanic survivor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passengers_of_the_RMS_Titanic#Third_class"},{"link_name":"New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"}],"text":"The world premiere was on 3 July 1958, at the Odeon Leicester Square. Boxhall and Third Officer Herbert Pitman attended the premier along with survivor Walter Nichols.[24] Titanic survivor Elizabeth Dowdell attended the American premiere in New York on Tuesday 16 December 1958.[46]","title":"Release"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bosley Crowther","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosley_Crowther"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"},{"link_name":"Golden Globe Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award"},{"link_name":"Best English-Language Foreign Film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_English-Language_Foreign_Film"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyer2012151-48"}],"sub_title":"Critical reception","text":"After its December 1958 US premiere, Bosley Crowther called the film a \"tense, exciting and supremely awesome drama...[that] puts the story of the great disaster in simple human terms and yet brings it all into a drama of monumental unity and scope\"; according to Crowther:[47]this remarkable picture is a brilliant and moving account of the behavior of the people on the Titanic on that night that should never be forgotten. It is an account of the casualness and flippancy of most of the people right after the great ship has struck (even though an ominous cascade of water is pouring into her bowels); of the slow accumulation of panic that finally mounts to a human holocaust, of shockingly ugly bits of baseness and of wonderfully brave and noble deeds.The film won numerous awards, including a Golden Globe Award for Best English-Language Foreign Film, and received high praise from reviewers on both sides of the Atlantic.[48]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Motion Picture Herald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Picture_Herald"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200198-49"},{"link_name":"Kinematograph Weekly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinematograph_Weekly"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards200198-49"}],"sub_title":"Box office","text":"The film was one of the twenty most popular films of the year in Britain according to Motion Picture Herald, but it was only a modest commercial success due to the size of its original budget and its relative underperformance at the American box office.[49]Kinematograph Weekly listed it as being \"in the money\" at the British box office in 1958.[50]By 2001, it had still not made a profit, in part because it was issued as part of a slate of ten films and all of its profits were cross-collateralised.[49]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"disaster films","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster_film"},{"link_name":"The Poseidon Adventure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Poseidon_Adventure_(1972_film)"},{"link_name":"The Towering Inferno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Towering_Inferno"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyer2012151-48"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyer2012104-51"},{"link_name":"Rotten Tomatoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Rotten-9"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeyer2012104-51"},{"link_name":"Titanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Michael_Janusonis_2003-31"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"},{"link_name":"Barry Norman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Norman"},{"link_name":"Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-56"}],"sub_title":"Reputation today","text":"According to Professor Paul Heyer, the film helped to spark the wave of disaster films that included The Poseidon Adventure (1972) and The Towering Inferno (1974).[48] Heyer comments that it \"still stands as the definitive cinematic telling of the story and the prototype and finest example of the disaster-film genre\".[51] On Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has a score of 100% based on twenty-two critical reviews and a 90% value according to audience responses.[9] The film has been described as \"the definitive cinematic telling of the story\". [51] It is considered \"the best Titanic film before Titanic (1997)\", \"the most accurate of all Titanic films\",[31] and \"the definitive Titanic tale\",[52] especially for its social realism, reflecting, in the words of one critic, \"the overwhelming historical evidence that the class rigidity of 1912, for all its defects, produced a genuine sense of behavioural obligation on the Titanic among rich and poor alike; that the greatest number of people aboard faced death or hardship with a stoic and selfless grace that the world has wondered at for most of this century\".[53] Film critic Barry Norman called it \"more moving\" than Titanic (1997). Andrew Collins of Empire gave the film five out of five, writing that \"this is a landmark in British cinema, as good today as it's always been\".[54] Filmink argued this was the best film Kenneth More ever starred in.[55]Titanic experts Fitch, Layton and Wormstedt point out that the film is based on the bestseller published by Walter Lord two and a half years earlier. In addition, the Fourth Officer helped Boxhall as an advisor. Although the film is described as particularly accurate, it does contain some errors. However, the 1958 film was a huge step forward in terms of correctness compared to the 1953 film. The special effects were not as good as those of the predecessor, but effort was made to depict the interior of the ship more accurately.'The film was also a masterpiece in that it did not use a fictional plot and primary characters to draw audiences in; instead, it primarily relied upon historical figures and showed them in such a way that audiences cared about what happened to them.'[56]","title":"Reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"the Criterion Collection","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Criterion_Collection"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-57"}],"text":"A Night to Remember was released by the Criterion Collection on DVD in May 1998.[57] Initial versions of the DVD omitted Lightoller finding the child to be dead and putting it in the water. A new DVD and a high-definition Blu-ray edition were released on 27 March 2012 to commemorate the centennial of the sinking.","title":"Home video"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Sinking of the Titanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=9-b3LgEACAAJ"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-7910-9643-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-9643-7"},{"link_name":"The Titanic in Print and on Screen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=EPe2BQAAQBAJ"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-7864-1786-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-1786-2"},{"link_name":"Titanic: A Night Remembered","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/titanicnightreme0000barc"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-85285-500-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85285-500-0"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-4090-8865-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4090-8865-3"},{"link_name":"Down with the Old Canoe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/downwitholdcanoe00biel"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-393-03965-X","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-03965-X"},{"link_name":"The Olympic-class ships : Olympic, Titanic, Britannic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=Ky5UAAAAMAAJ"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-7524-2868-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-2868-0"},{"link_name":"Titanic: Triumph and Tragedy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=V9MAPgAACAAJ"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-85260-493-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85260-493-6"},{"link_name":"Titanic Century: Media, Myth, and the Making of a Cultural Icon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=zkjqI1QcpqAC&pg=PR4"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-313-39815-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39815-5"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-670-81452-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-81452-7"},{"link_name":"Roy Ward Baker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=jSrBZt_S50wC"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-7190-6354-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6354-1"},{"link_name":"The Titanic: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=4LBn5EchFvAC"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-313-31215-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31215-1"},{"link_name":"Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=-YJUbPSBT94C"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-7190-6143-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6143-1"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-85043-431-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-431-3"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-4053-8699-9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4053-8699-9"},{"link_name":"The Story of the Titanic as told by its Survivors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/truthabouttitan00gracgoog"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-486-20610-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-20610-3"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1848689275","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1848689275"}],"text":"Aldridge, Rebecca (2008). The Sinking of the Titanic. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7910-9643-7.\nAnderson, D. Brian (2005). The Titanic in Print and on Screen. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-1786-2.\nBarczewski, Stephanie (2006). Titanic: A Night Remembered. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-85285-500-0.\nBarnes, Julian (2010). A History of the World in 10½ Chapters. London: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4090-8865-3.\nBiel, Steven (1996). Down with the Old Canoe. London: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-03965-X.\nChirnside, Mark (2004). The Olympic-class ships : Olympic, Titanic, Britannic. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus. ISBN 978-0-7524-2868-0.\nEaton, John P.; Haas, Charles A. (1994). Titanic: Triumph and Tragedy. Wellingborough, Northamptonshire: Patrick Stephens. ISBN 978-1-85260-493-6.\nHeyer, Paul (2012). Titanic Century: Media, Myth, and the Making of a Cultural Icon. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-39815-5.\nLord, Walter (1988). The Night Lives On. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-670-81452-7.\nMayer, Geoff (2004). Roy Ward Baker. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6354-1.\nRasor, Eugene L. (2001). The Titanic: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31215-1.\nRichards, Jeffrey (2001). Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6143-1.\nStreet, Sarah (2004). \"Questions of Authenticity and Realism in A Night to Remember (1958)\". In Bergfelder, Tim; Street, Sarah (eds.). The Titanic in myth and memory: representations in visual and literary culture. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-85043-431-3.\nWard, Greg (2012). The Rough Guide to the Titanic. London: Rough Guides Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4053-8699-9.\nWinocour, Jack, ed. (1960). The Story of the Titanic as told by its Survivors. London: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-20610-3.\nFitch, Tad; Layton, J. Kent; Wormstedt, Bill (2012). On A Sea of Glass: The Life & Loss of the R.M.S. Titanic. Amberley Books. ISBN 978-1848689275.","title":"Bibliography"}]
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[{"image_text":"Illustration of the sinking of the Titanic","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Titanic_the_sinking.jpg/220px-Titanic_the_sinking.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"1950s portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:1950s"},{"title":"Film portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Film"},{"title":"History portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:History"},{"title":"1958 in film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_in_film"},{"title":"Historical drama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_drama"},{"title":"List of films about the RMS Titanic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_about_the_RMS_Titanic"},{"title":"RMS Titanic in popular culture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Titanic_in_popular_culture"},{"title":"Selected filmography of Geoffrey Unsworth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selected_filmography_of_Geoffrey_Unsworth"}]
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[{"reference":"Harper, Sue; Porter, Vincent (10 July 2018). British Cinema of the 1950s: The Decline of Deference. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198159346 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=UyYTDAAAQBAJ&q=vincent+porter+sue+harper&pg=PA386","url_text":"British Cinema of the 1950s: The Decline of Deference"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198159346","url_text":"9780198159346"}]},{"reference":"\"A Night To Remember\". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 9 February 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1015079_night_to_remember","url_text":"\"A Night To Remember\""}]},{"reference":"\"A Night to Remember (1958)\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.aveleyman.com/FilmCredit.aspx?FilmID=29752","url_text":"\"A Night to Remember (1958)\""}]},{"reference":"Sragow, Michael (26 March 2012). \"Nearer, My Titanic to Thee\". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 27 April 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2215-a-night-to-remember-nearer-my-titanic-to-thee","url_text":"\"Nearer, My Titanic to Thee\""}]},{"reference":"\"Widow of Titanic Officer visits Chorley\". Encyclopedia Titanica. 30 January 2005. Retrieved 2 September 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/widow-titanic-officer-visits-chorley.html","url_text":"\"Widow of Titanic Officer visits Chorley\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia_Titanica","url_text":"Encyclopedia Titanica"}]},{"reference":"Moore, Kenneth (1978). More or Less. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-22603-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/moreorless00kenn","url_text":"More or Less"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-340-22603-2","url_text":"978-0-340-22603-2"}]},{"reference":"\"Matte Shot: a Tribute to Golden Era special fx\". 26 May 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/tale-of-two-titanics-retrospective-look.html","url_text":"\"Matte Shot: a Tribute to Golden Era special fx\""}]},{"reference":"\"Titanic\". Variety. Retrieved 4 January 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117339997","url_text":"\"Titanic\""}]},{"reference":"Melissa Jo Peltier (1994). Titanic: Death of a Dream (documentary). United States: A&E Network.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Miss Elizabeth Dowdell\". encyclopedia titanica. Retrieved 25 March 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/titanic-survivor/elizabeth-dowdell.html","url_text":"\"Miss Elizabeth Dowdell\""}]},{"reference":"Crowther, Bosley (17 December 1958). \"Screen: Sinking of Titanic; A Night to Remember Opens at Criterion\". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 December 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosley_Crowther","url_text":"Crowther, Bosley"},{"url":"https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9A0DEEDF153DE53BBC4F52DFB4678383649EDE","url_text":"\"Screen: Sinking of Titanic; A Night to Remember Opens at Criterion\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times","url_text":"The New York Times"}]},{"reference":"Billings, Josh (18 December 1958). \"Others in the Money\". Kinematograph Weekly. p. 7.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"A Night to Remember\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/night-remember-review/","url_text":"\"A Night to Remember\""}]},{"reference":"Vagg, Stephen (16 April 2023). \"Surviving Cold Streaks: Kenneth More\". Filmink.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.filmink.com.au/surviving-cold-streaks-kenneth-more/","url_text":"\"Surviving Cold Streaks: Kenneth More\""}]},{"reference":"\"A Night to Remember Blu-ray Review (The Criterion Collection)\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dvdizzy.com/anighttoremember.html","url_text":"\"A Night to Remember Blu-ray Review (The Criterion Collection)\""}]},{"reference":"Aldridge, Rebecca (2008). The Sinking of the Titanic. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7910-9643-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=9-b3LgEACAAJ","url_text":"The Sinking of the Titanic"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-9643-7","url_text":"978-0-7910-9643-7"}]},{"reference":"Anderson, D. Brian (2005). The Titanic in Print and on Screen. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-1786-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=EPe2BQAAQBAJ","url_text":"The Titanic in Print and on Screen"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-1786-2","url_text":"0-7864-1786-2"}]},{"reference":"Barczewski, Stephanie (2006). Titanic: A Night Remembered. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-85285-500-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/titanicnightreme0000barc","url_text":"Titanic: A Night Remembered"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85285-500-0","url_text":"978-1-85285-500-0"}]},{"reference":"Barnes, Julian (2010). A History of the World in 10½ Chapters. London: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4090-8865-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4090-8865-3","url_text":"978-1-4090-8865-3"}]},{"reference":"Biel, Steven (1996). Down with the Old Canoe. London: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-03965-X.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/downwitholdcanoe00biel","url_text":"Down with the Old Canoe"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-03965-X","url_text":"0-393-03965-X"}]},{"reference":"Chirnside, Mark (2004). The Olympic-class ships : Olympic, Titanic, Britannic. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus. ISBN 978-0-7524-2868-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Ky5UAAAAMAAJ","url_text":"The Olympic-class ships : Olympic, Titanic, Britannic"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-2868-0","url_text":"978-0-7524-2868-0"}]},{"reference":"Eaton, John P.; Haas, Charles A. (1994). Titanic: Triumph and Tragedy. Wellingborough, Northamptonshire: Patrick Stephens. ISBN 978-1-85260-493-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=V9MAPgAACAAJ","url_text":"Titanic: Triumph and Tragedy"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85260-493-6","url_text":"978-1-85260-493-6"}]},{"reference":"Heyer, Paul (2012). Titanic Century: Media, Myth, and the Making of a Cultural Icon. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-39815-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=zkjqI1QcpqAC&pg=PR4","url_text":"Titanic Century: Media, Myth, and the Making of a Cultural Icon"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39815-5","url_text":"978-0-313-39815-5"}]},{"reference":"Lord, Walter (1988). The Night Lives On. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-670-81452-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-81452-7","url_text":"978-0-670-81452-7"}]},{"reference":"Mayer, Geoff (2004). Roy Ward Baker. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6354-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=jSrBZt_S50wC","url_text":"Roy Ward Baker"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6354-1","url_text":"978-0-7190-6354-1"}]},{"reference":"Rasor, Eugene L. (2001). The Titanic: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31215-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=4LBn5EchFvAC","url_text":"The Titanic: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31215-1","url_text":"978-0-313-31215-1"}]},{"reference":"Richards, Jeffrey (2001). Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6143-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=-YJUbPSBT94C","url_text":"Imperialism and Music: Britain, 1876–1953"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6143-1","url_text":"978-0-7190-6143-1"}]},{"reference":"Street, Sarah (2004). \"Questions of Authenticity and Realism in A Night to Remember (1958)\". In Bergfelder, Tim; Street, Sarah (eds.). The Titanic in myth and memory: representations in visual and literary culture. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-85043-431-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-431-3","url_text":"978-1-85043-431-3"}]},{"reference":"Ward, Greg (2012). The Rough Guide to the Titanic. London: Rough Guides Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4053-8699-9.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4053-8699-9","url_text":"978-1-4053-8699-9"}]},{"reference":"Winocour, Jack, ed. (1960). The Story of the Titanic as told by its Survivors. London: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-20610-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/truthabouttitan00gracgoog","url_text":"The Story of the Titanic as told by its Survivors"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-20610-3","url_text":"978-0-486-20610-3"}]},{"reference":"Fitch, Tad; Layton, J. Kent; Wormstedt, Bill (2012). On A Sea of Glass: The Life & Loss of the R.M.S. Titanic. Amberley Books. ISBN 978-1848689275.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1848689275","url_text":"978-1848689275"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_in_rock_music
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2020 in rock music
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["1 Events","1.1 January","1.2 February","1.3 March","1.4 April","1.5 May","1.6 June","1.7 July","1.8 August","1.9 September","1.10 October","1.11 November","1.12 December","1.13 Year-end","2 Deaths","3 Band breakups","4 Bands reformed","5 References"]
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Overview of the events of 2020 in rock music
List of years in rock music
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2020 in music
By location
Africa
Asia
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Europe
United Kingdom
Japan
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United States
By genre
classical
country
heavy metal
hip hop
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By topic
List of albums released
This article summarizes the events related to rock music for the year of 2020.
Events
January
The 62nd Annual Grammy Awards are held in the United States on January 26, 2020. Tool, I Prevail, and Rival Sons are all nominated for multiple Grammy Awards. Tool wins a Grammy Award for their song "7empest". Other nominees include Candlemass (Sweden), The Cranberries (Ireland) and Bones UK (UK).
Aerosmith receive the MusiCares Person of the Year honor, an award given to musicians for artistic achievement and philanthropy in the music industry.
Ozzy Osbourne's single "Under the Graveyard" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock Songs chart for six weeks, in a run that began in December 2019.
Bad Wolves single "Killing Me Slowly" tops the Mainstream Rock chart. Of the band's four singles releases at the time, it is the third to top the chart.
Shinedown's single "Attention Attention" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart for a single week. It is the bands fifteenth career song to top the chart, tying Three Days Grace for the band with the most number ones on the chart.
Breaking Benjamin release their album Aurora, an album of acoustic and alternate takes of prior songs from their catalogue. Guest vocalists include Lacey Sturm previously of Flyleaf, Adam Gontier of Three Days Grace and Saint Asonia, and Spencer Chamberlain of Underoath. The album was the third best-selling album on the Billboard Top Album Sales chart.
February
At the 2020 Brit Awards, held in London on February 18, there are live performances from Johnny Marr and Rod Stewart. Bruce Springsteen is among the nominees for International Male Solo Artist, and Foals win Best British Group.
Theory of a Deadman's single "History of Violence" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart for a single week.
Green Day release their thirteenth studio album, Father of All Motherfuckers (often shortened to Father of All...). The album tops the UK and Australian national, all-format album charts. In the US, it debuts and peaks at number 4 on the US Billboard 200 chart. The album will focuses on short, succinct songs, clocking in at only 26 minutes long. Frontman Billie Joe Armstrong explained that the album title had no real meaning other than "just being a badass title".
Ozzy Osbourne releases his twelfth solo studio album Ordinary Man, his first solo album in ten years, and the highest-charting album of his solo career, entering the Billboard 200 at no. 3 and selling 77,000 album equivalent units. Osbourne quickly recorded the album after feeling inspiration from recording his guest vocals on the Post Malone and Travis Scott song "Take What You Want". It features performances from drummer Chad Smith (Red Hot Chili Peppers), bassist Duff McKagen (Guns N' Roses), guitarist/producer Andrew Watt, as well as guest spots by Slash (Guns N' Roses), Post Malone, and Elton John.
Five Finger Death Punch's single "Inside Out" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart for four nonconsecutive weeks. The band also releases their eighth studio album F8, which enters the Billboard 200 chart at no 2 and sells 55,000 album equivalent units in its opening week. The album also tops the Billboard Top Hard Rock Albums chart. It is the band's seventh album to do so, making them tied with Linkin Park for band to top the chart the most time since its inception in 2007. The album is themed around the troubles the band had faced over the last few years, including an extended legal battle with their past record label, frontman Ivan Moody's public struggle with substance abuse to the point of almost dying, and the departure of long-time drummer Jeremy Spencer.
Veteran UK glam rock band Slade sack their drummer Don Powell, who responds by announcing he will set up a rival group called "Don Powell's Slade".
March
The COVID-19 pandemic causes musical events around the world to be postponed or cancelled, as the virus is highly contagious, and health and government officials instate social distancing measures making the events impossible. Rock events postponed include the Asian leg of the Hella Mega Tour (featuring Green Day, Weezer, and Fall Out Boy), the Rage Against the Machine reunion tour, latter dates of the My Chemical Romance reunion tour, parts of Kiss' "End of the Road World Tour," and the 2020 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony.
In light of the social distancing measures, many artists instead decide to live-stream live performances straight out of their own homes. Of note is the internationally televised iHeart Living Room Concert for America event, which featured live acoustic performances by Dave Grohl of the Foo Fighters and Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day.
The Glastonbury Festival celebrates its 50th anniversary on March 18. The festival, which was to have featured Manic Street Preachers and Sinéad O'Connor, is cancelled because of restrictions imposed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In its place, the BBC broadcasts a virtual festival including recorded highlights of previous years' festivals, including classic performances by The Rolling Stones, Patti Smith, Youssou N'Dour and David Bowie.
Welsh band Stereophonics are heavily criticized for not cancelling their concert in Cardiff, Wales, following the COVID-19 outbreak.
I Prevail single "Hurricane" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart and stays there for two weeks.
Volbeat's single "Die to Live" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart for a single week, the eighth of their singles to do so; as a result they tie with U2 for European band with most songs topping the chart.
Green Day's single "Oh Yeah!" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart for a week.
Pearl Jam releases their eleventh studio album, Gigaton, their first album since 2013. It debuts at number 5 on the Billboard 200, selling 63,000 album equivalent units. The album performed particularly well on vinyl, selling 14,000 copies, the second highest week for a 2020 release at the time.
April
Breaking Benjamin's single "Far Away", featuring Scooter Ward of the band Cold, tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart. It is the band's seventh song to top the chart, and Ward's first. It stays there for three consecutive weeks.
Dance Gavin Dance releases their ninth studio album, Afterburner. The album debuts at number 14 on the Billboard 200, selling over 23,000 copies. The achievement is rare, as the Coronavirus pandemic led to the band releasing no physical copies of the album, and rock music often relying more on physical sales than digital and streaming in comparison to other genre. It is just short of being the band's best-selling debut as well.
The Killers single "Caution", which features a guitar solo from Lindsey Buckingham (Fleetwood Mac), tops the Billboard Rock Airplay and Alternative Songs charts. It is their first song to top the Rock Airplay chart, and their first in 13 years to top the Alternative Songs chart, a record, when their single "When You Were Young" topped the chart.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues the trend of musicians livestreaming performances, especially of cover songs:
Rapper Post Malone livestreams and entire concert of sung Nirvana covers with Travis Barker of Blink 182 on drums.
Miley Cyrus, alongside Andrew Watt on guitar, performs an acoustic cover of Pink Floyd's Wish You Were Here" on a nationally televised segment on Saturday Night Live.
Chris Martin of Coldplay performs a solo cover of Bob Dylan's "Shelter from the Storm" on Saturday Night Live.
Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day performs a solo rendition of "Wake Me Up When September Ends" on the nationally televised One World Together at Home event.
After being forced to cancel their farewell tour by the COVID-19 pandemic, Swiss band Krokus announce plans to reschedule the dates for 2021.
The organizers of the French rock festival Hellfest, previously scheduled for June, tell fans that their insurance company, Albingia, has reneged on their contract and is refusing to pay for the cancellation of the 2020 festival, because, Albingia claimed, "respiratory diseases were excluded from the contract".
Two weeks after its cancelled cinema release, Chunky Shrapnel, a concert film by Australian band King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard, is digitally premièred on Vimeo on-demand.
May
Rammstein cancel their scheduled European tour (including Germany, Austria, Poland, Holland, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and the UK) because of COVID-19 restrictions, with plans to reschedule the dates for 2021.
The Strokes release their sixth studio album, The New Abnormal, their first album in seven years. It debuts at number 8, selling 35,000 album equivalent units. It is their fifth album to land in the top 10 of the chart.
Hayley Williams, frontwoman of the band Paramore, releases her first solo studio album, Petals for Armor. The album tops the Billboard Top Rock Albums chart. This makes William the first female musician to top the chart both as a solo artist and as a band member, having also done so with Paramore's 2017 album After Laughter.
A cover of the Foo Fighters single "Times Like These", tops the UK all-format singles chart. The song is a benefit charity single related to COVID-19, and features a wide-variety of artists doing short vocal takes, including Chris Martin of Coldplay, Biffy Clyro, Dua Lipa, Hailee Steinfeld, and Dave Grohl himself.
June
Billboard Magazine introduces the Hot Hard Rock Songs and Hot Alternative Songs charts, while renaming its Hot Rock Songs chart to Hot Rock & Alternative Songs as it broadens the chart's criteria to include more pop/electronic/R&B alternative songs. The Hot Hard Rock Songs chart will measure the success of "guitar-based rock songs with a heavier edge" using the Hot 100 methodology of streaming, sales, and overall radio airplay in the United States.
Bad Wolves' single "Sober" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock songs chart and stays there for two weeks.
Five Finger Death Punch single "A Little Bit Off" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock songs chart.
After previously postponing their North American Fear Inoculum tour, Tool decides to cancel the tour outright, citing the desire to give money back to ticket buyers rather than hold on to their money until 2021 to reschedule, due to economic hardship caused by the coronavirus.
Liam Gallagher releases a MTV Unplugged live solo album, which tops the UK all-format albums chart for a week.
July
Bring Me the Horizon's single "Parasite Eve" tops the UK Rock & Metal singles chart for a week. It additionally tops the Billboard Hot Hard Rock chart in its first full week of tracking.
South African recording artist Shaun Morgan, of the band Seether, tops the Billboard Hard Rock Songwriters chart, due to the success of the band's single "Dangerous" and promotional song "Bruised and Broken" charting well concurrently.
Static-X releases their seventh studio album Project Regeneration. The album is the first to be released posthumously after the death of frontman and band founder Wayne Static in 2014. The album uses vocal tracks of Static recorded prior to his death, during the Shadow Zone and Start a War recording sessions. A fair amount of controversy arose leading up to its release, including the recording of an album without Wayne Static's consent, using an anonymous singer in touring that was dressed like a deceased Wayne Static, and accusations from ex-guitarist Tripp Eisen that he had not been allowed to participate despite being a major contributor during the Shadow Zone and Start a War sessions the material originated from, feeling that they were "violating the memory" with changes being made to the content written during the time.
Mongolian band The Hu top the UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart with the deluxe edition re-release of their 2019 debut album The Gereg, newly released with guest vocals by Jacoby Shaddix, From Ashes to New, and Lzzy Hale.
August
Shinedown tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart for a week with their song "Atlas Falls". It is their sixteenth song to top the chart, making them the band with the most number ones on the chart in its almost 40 years of existence.
American rapper Machine Gun Kelly, in his efforts to move into a more rock-oriented pop punk direction, releases the single "My Ex's Best Friend". The song is a rare rock song to cross over into the all-format Billboard Hot 100, debuting at number 82 on the chart. It later peaked at number 68 after a nationally televised performance of the song on the MTV Video Music Awards.
Weezer's single "Hero" concurrently tops the Billboard Rock Airplay and Alternative Airplay charts. With the latter chart, it makes the band, along with Green Day, the only bands to top the chart in three separate decades.
The Killers release their sixth studio album, Imploding the Mirage. It tops the UK and Australian all-format album charts, moving 50,000 copies on the former chart. In the US, it fares worse, reaching number 8, and moving 37,000 album equivalent units.
Biffy Clyro tops the UK all-format album's chart with their ninth studio album, A Celebration of Endings. It is the band's third consecutive album to top the chart.
Linkin Park announce a 20th anniversary release of their debut studio album Hybrid Theory, and release the previously unreleased song from the 1999 recording sessions for it, "She Couldn't".
Metallica releases S&M2, a live album recorded with the San Francisco Symphony. It tops the Billboard Top Rock Albums chart, Hard Rock Albums chart, and Classical Albums chart, and reaches number 4 on the all-format Billboard 200 chart, moving 56,000 units. The album's lead single, a rendition of "All Within My Hands", tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock songs chart for four consecutive weeks. This make the band the first to have four different songs top the chart in four different decades.
September
American rapper Machine Gun Kelly, in a large style change, releases his first pop punk album, Tickets to My Downfall. The album, his fifth overall, topped the US Billboard 200 all-format albums chart in its opening week, moving 126,000 album equivalent units. This makes it the best debut of his career to date, tripling the opening numbers for his prior album, Hotel Diablo in 2019, and made it the first rock album to top the chart in just over a year, since Tool's album Fear Inoculum in September 2019.
A number of Machine Gun Kelly's songs cross-over to chart on the Billboard Hot 100 all-format chart on album release week too, including "My Ex's Best Friend" at number 28, "Forget Me Too" at number 44, "Bloody Valentine" at number 50, and "Drunk Face" at number 91.
Deftones release their ninth studio album, Ohms. It debuts at number five at on the Billboard 200, moving 49,000 album equivalent units. All ten songs from the album charted on Billboard's Hot Hard Rock chart upon release as well. The album was recorded in 2019, but not ready for release in the same year. Frontman Chino Moreno has stated that Stephen Carpenter's guitar riffs are more in the forefront of the album, and called it an experimental album similar to White Pony.
UK rock band Doves reform and release their first album in over a decade, their fifth studio album The Universal Want. The album tops the UK all-format albums chart upon release week.
October
Foo Fighters and Rise Against are among acts scheduled to participate in the online streaming performance for "Save Our Stages Fest," an effort to raise money for all those hurt by COVID-19's halting of the live music industry.
Machine Gun Kelly's Tickets to My Downfall, in a rare feat for rock albums, remains in the top 10 of the Billboard 200 chart for multiple weeks after its debut, charting at number 6 in its second week, and rising to number 5 in its third week.
British singer Cliff Richard, an early rock star, celebrates his 80th birthday by releasing a new album, as well as publishing a photograph of him as a child in India, where he was born.
Forty-two years after its initial release, Fleetwood Mac's album Rumours returns to the top ten of the Billboard 200 chart, largely due to the song Dreams being used in a viral TikTok video.
Bruce Springsteen releases his 20th studio album, Letter to You, which is his first album in six years. It debuts at number 2 on the Billboard 200, making Springsteen the first artist to have a top five album across six separate decades.
Bring Me the Horizon becomes the first band to have three songs top the Billboard Hot Hard Rock songs chart, with "Parasite Eve", "Obey", and "Teardrops" all topping the chart on separate weeks.
Jack White performs live on the U.S. nationally televised show Saturday Night Live, paying tribute to Eddie Van Halen by using one of Van Halen's signature guitars for the song "Lazaretto".
November
Foo Fighters perform live on US National televised show Saturday Night Live on November 7, where they debut their new single, "Shame Shame".
System of a Down surprise releases its first new music in over 15 years - two songs "Protect the Land" and "Genocidal Humanoidz". The songs are released to bring awareness of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. Despite the song's release, the band retains its stance that another studio album is unlikely due to the band's internal strife and disagreements on how to proceed on it. The songs debut at number 1 and 2 respectively on the Billboard Hot Hard Rock songs chart.
Wolfgang Van Halen, son of Eddie Van Halen, releases his debut song, "Distance", under the monniker "Mammoth WVH". The song is an ode to his father, and features Wolfgang playing all instruments and vocals. It debut upon the top of the Billboard Hot Hard Rock chart.
AC/DC releases their seventeenth studio album, Power Up. It debuts at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 all-format albums chart and at the top of the US and UK album sales chart. Similar to Machine Gun Kelly, the band released the album in hopes of inspiring a younger generation to get into guitar-based rock music, though unlike Kelly, they stuck with their established rock sound for the album.
Smashing Pumpkins release Cyr, a double album, on November 27, 2020. Frontman Billy Corgan considers it the first real album to be released since the reformation of 3/4 of the band's original lineup in 2018, discounting the eight song Shiny and Oh So Bright album. The album is the bands worst performing album to date, debuting at number 86 on the Billboard 200 chart, lower than Shiny, the previous low, at number 54.
December
British musician Yungblud releases his second studio album, Weird!. It tops the UK Albums Chart upon release.
The Foo Fighters song "Shame Shame" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock songs chart, their ninth song to do so.
American rock band Trapt is removed from all major social media mediums after the band's official account makes a series of controversial comments, including voicing support of The Proud Boys and statutory rape.
Year-end
During the 2020 US presidential election, many rock musicians oppose Donald Trump's unauthorized use of their music.
Reports in both the US and the UK show that the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent shutdowns and self-isolations lead to increased interest and sales of electric guitars related to increased interest in learning to play guitar. Despite this, towards the end of the year, major guitar retailer Guitar Center files for bankruptcy, though without plans to close.
Deaths
Bo Winberg, former drummer of The Spotnicks, died on January 3, 2020, at the age of 80.
Neil Peart, drummer of Rush, died on January 7, 2020, at the age of 67 from brain cancer.
Saskia Post, Australian actress and co-star of the 1980s punk film Dogs in Space, died on March 16, 2020, aged 59, of a cardiac arrest.
Drummer Bill Rieflin, best known for his work with King Crimson, Ministry, and R.E.M. died at the age of 59 on March 24, 2020, following a battle with cancer.
Adam Schlesinger, co-founder, bassist, and songwriter, of Fountains of Wayne ("Stacy's Mom"), died at the age of 52 on April 1, 2020, due to COVID-19 related complications.
Brian Howe, former singer of the band Bad Company, died on May 6, 2020, at 66.
Little Richard, one of the pioneers of rock and roll, died on May 9, 2020, at 87.
Charlie Monttana, Mexican rock urbano singer, died on May 28, 2020, aged 58, of a heart attack.
Paul Chapman, 66, Welsh rock guitarist (UFO, Lone Star), died on June 9, 2020, aged 66.
Yuji "You" Adachi, guitarist and composer of Dead End, died from sepsis on June 16, 2020, at the age of 56.
Graeme Williamson, Scottish rock singer, died of a stroke on June 25, 2020, aged 71.
Ken Chinn, punk rock vocalist (SNFU) died on July 16, 2020, aged 57.
Dominic Sonic, French singer, died on July 23, 2020, aged 55.
Peter Green, co-founder of Fleetwood Mac, died on July 25, at the age of 73.
Mark Wirtz, French-German record producer, composer, singer, musician, author, and comedian, died on August 7, aged 76.
Božidar Tanasković, Serbian rock bassist (Bjesovi), died on August, 30.
Peter Starkie, Australian bassist (Skyhooks), died on September 14, aged 72.
Eddie Van Halen, Dutch-American rock musician (Van Halen) died on October 6, aged 65.
Paul Matters, Australian bassist (AC/DC), died on October 14.
James Broad, British vocalist and guitarist (Silver Sun), died in late October, following a battle with cancer.
Ken Hensley, co-founder and co-writer for British rock-band Uriah Heep, died on November 4, aged 75.
Dariusz Malinowski, vocalist and guitarist of Polish band Siekiera, died on December 12, aged 54/55
Andrey Sapunov, singer and bassist of the Russian band Voskreseniye, died on December 13, aged 64
Pepe Salvaderi, guitarist and singer of the Italian "beat-pop-rock" band Dik Dik), died on December 19.
Alexi Laiho, 41, singer and guitarist of Finnish death metal band Children of Bodom, died on December 29.
Band breakups
Stone Sour
Red Sun Rising
Dream On, Dreamer (Australian band)
Unlocking the Truth
Bands reformed
The Format
References
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^ "Archived copy". www.billboard.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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vteList of years in rock music2000s
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010s
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
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2016
2017
2018
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2020s
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"rock music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_music"}],"text":"This article summarizes the events related to rock music for the year of 2020.","title":"2020 in rock music"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"62nd Annual Grammy Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/62nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards"},{"link_name":"Tool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_(band)"},{"link_name":"I Prevail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Prevail"},{"link_name":"Rival Sons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rival_Sons"},{"link_name":"Grammy Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Tool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_(band)"},{"link_name":"Grammy Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award"},{"link_name":"7empest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7empest"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Candlemass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candlemass_(band)"},{"link_name":"The Cranberries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cranberries"},{"link_name":"Bones UK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bones_UK"},{"link_name":"Aerosmith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosmith"},{"link_name":"MusiCares Person of the Year","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MusiCares_Person_of_the_Year"},{"link_name":"philanthropy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philanthropy"},{"link_name":"music industry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_industry"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Ozzy Osbourne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozzy_Osbourne"},{"link_name":"Under the Graveyard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under_the_Graveyard"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"Mainstream Rock Songs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainstream_Rock_(chart)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MainstreamRock2019-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MainstreamRock2020-5"},{"link_name":"Bad Wolves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Wolves"},{"link_name":"Killing Me Slowly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_Me_Slowly"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Shinedown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinedown"},{"link_name":"Attention Attention","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_Attention"},{"link_name":"Three Days Grace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Days_Grace"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Breaking Benjamin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_Benjamin"},{"link_name":"Aurora","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(Breaking_Benjamin_album)"},{"link_name":"Lacey Sturm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacey_Sturm"},{"link_name":"Flyleaf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyleaf_(band)"},{"link_name":"Adam Gontier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Gontier"},{"link_name":"Three Days Grace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Days_Grace"},{"link_name":"Saint Asonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Asonia"},{"link_name":"Spencer Chamberlain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer_Chamberlain"},{"link_name":"Underoath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underoath"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Top Album Sales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Album_Sales"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"sub_title":"January","text":"The 62nd Annual Grammy Awards are held in the United States on January 26, 2020. Tool, I Prevail, and Rival Sons are all nominated for multiple Grammy Awards.[1] Tool wins a Grammy Award for their song \"7empest\".[2] Other nominees include Candlemass (Sweden), The Cranberries (Ireland) and Bones UK (UK).\nAerosmith receive the MusiCares Person of the Year honor, an award given to musicians for artistic achievement and philanthropy in the music industry.[3]\nOzzy Osbourne's single \"Under the Graveyard\" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock Songs chart for six weeks, in a run that began in December 2019.[4][5]\nBad Wolves single \"Killing Me Slowly\" tops the Mainstream Rock chart. Of the band's four singles releases at the time, it is the third to top the chart.[6]\nShinedown's single \"Attention Attention\" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart for a single week. It is the bands fifteenth career song to top the chart, tying Three Days Grace for the band with the most number ones on the chart.[7]\nBreaking Benjamin release their album Aurora, an album of acoustic and alternate takes of prior songs from their catalogue. Guest vocalists include Lacey Sturm previously of Flyleaf, Adam Gontier of Three Days Grace and Saint Asonia, and Spencer Chamberlain of Underoath.[8] The album was the third best-selling album on the Billboard Top Album Sales chart.[9]","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2020 Brit Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Brit_Awards"},{"link_name":"Johnny Marr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Marr"},{"link_name":"Rod Stewart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Stewart"},{"link_name":"Bruce Springsteen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen"},{"link_name":"International Male Solo Artist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit_Award_for_International_Male_Solo_Artist"},{"link_name":"Foals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foals_(band)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Theory of a Deadman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_a_Deadman"},{"link_name":"History of Violence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Violence_(song)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MainstreamRock2020-5"},{"link_name":"Green Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Day"},{"link_name":"Father of All Motherfuckers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_of_All_Motherfuckers"},{"link_name":"Father of All...","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_of_All..."},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Billie Joe Armstrong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Joe_Armstrong"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Ozzy Osbourne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozzy_Osbourne"},{"link_name":"Ordinary Man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_Man_(Ozzy_Osbourne_album)"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Post Malone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Malone"},{"link_name":"Travis Scott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_Scott"},{"link_name":"Take What You Want","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_What_You_Want"},{"link_name":"Chad Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_Smith"},{"link_name":"Red Hot Chili Peppers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers"},{"link_name":"Duff McKagen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duff_McKagen"},{"link_name":"Guns N' Roses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns_N%27_Roses"},{"link_name":"Andrew Watt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Watt_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Slash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slash_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Guns N' Roses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guns_N%27_Roses"},{"link_name":"Post Malone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Malone"},{"link_name":"Elton John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elton_John"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Five Finger Death Punch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Finger_Death_Punch"},{"link_name":"Inside Out","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_Out_(Five_Finger_Death_Punch_song)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MainstreamRock2020-5"},{"link_name":"F8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F8_(album)"},{"link_name":"Linkin Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkin_Park"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"Ivan Moody","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Moody_(vocalist)"},{"link_name":"substance abuse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_abuse"},{"link_name":"Jeremy Spencer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Spencer_(drummer)"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Slade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slade"},{"link_name":"Don Powell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Powell"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"sub_title":"February","text":"At the 2020 Brit Awards, held in London on February 18, there are live performances from Johnny Marr and Rod Stewart. Bruce Springsteen is among the nominees for International Male Solo Artist, and Foals win Best British Group.[10][11]\nTheory of a Deadman's single \"History of Violence\" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart for a single week.[5]\nGreen Day release their thirteenth studio album, Father of All Motherfuckers (often shortened to Father of All...). The album tops the UK and Australian national, all-format album charts.[12][13] In the US, it debuts and peaks at number 4 on the US Billboard 200 chart.[14] The album will focuses on short, succinct songs, clocking in at only 26 minutes long. Frontman Billie Joe Armstrong explained that the album title had no real meaning other than \"just being a badass title\".[15]\nOzzy Osbourne releases his twelfth solo studio album Ordinary Man, his first solo album in ten years, and the highest-charting album of his solo career, entering the Billboard 200 at no. 3 and selling 77,000 album equivalent units.[16] Osbourne quickly recorded the album after feeling inspiration from recording his guest vocals on the Post Malone and Travis Scott song \"Take What You Want\". It features performances from drummer Chad Smith (Red Hot Chili Peppers), bassist Duff McKagen (Guns N' Roses), guitarist/producer Andrew Watt, as well as guest spots by Slash (Guns N' Roses), Post Malone, and Elton John.[17][18][19]\nFive Finger Death Punch's single \"Inside Out\" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart for four nonconsecutive weeks.[5] The band also releases their eighth studio album F8, which enters the Billboard 200 chart at no 2 and sells 55,000 album equivalent units in its opening week. The album also tops the Billboard Top Hard Rock Albums chart. It is the band's seventh album to do so, making them tied with Linkin Park for band to top the chart the most time since its inception in 2007.[20] The album is themed around the troubles the band had faced over the last few years, including an extended legal battle with their past record label, frontman Ivan Moody's public struggle with substance abuse to the point of almost dying, and the departure of long-time drummer Jeremy Spencer.[21][22]\nVeteran UK glam rock band Slade sack their drummer Don Powell, who responds by announcing he will set up a rival group called \"Don Powell's Slade\".[23]","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic"},{"link_name":"social distancing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing"},{"link_name":"Hella Mega Tour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hella_Mega_Tour"},{"link_name":"Green Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Day"},{"link_name":"Weezer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weezer"},{"link_name":"Fall Out Boy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_Out_Boy"},{"link_name":"Rage Against the Machine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rage_Against_the_Machine"},{"link_name":"My Chemical Romance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Chemical_Romance"},{"link_name":"Kiss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiss_(band)"},{"link_name":"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"social distancing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing"},{"link_name":"iHeart Living Room Concert for America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHeart_Living_Room_Concert_for_America"},{"link_name":"Dave Grohl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Grohl"},{"link_name":"Foo Fighters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foo_Fighters"},{"link_name":"Billie Joe Armstrong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Joe_Armstrong"},{"link_name":"Green Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Day"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"Glastonbury Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glastonbury_Festival"},{"link_name":"Manic Street Preachers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manic_Street_Preachers"},{"link_name":"Sinéad O'Connor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_O%27Connor"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"The Rolling Stones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones"},{"link_name":"Patti Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patti_Smith"},{"link_name":"Youssou N'Dour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youssou_N%27Dour"},{"link_name":"David Bowie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bowie"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"Stereophonics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereophonics"},{"link_name":"Cardiff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiff"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"I Prevail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Prevail"},{"link_name":"Hurricane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_(I_Prevail_song)"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"Volbeat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volbeat"},{"link_name":"Die to Live","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_to_Live"},{"link_name":"U2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U2"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"Green Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Day"},{"link_name":"Oh Yeah!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_Yeah!_(Green_Day_song)"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"Pearl Jam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Jam"},{"link_name":"Gigaton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigaton"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"}],"sub_title":"March","text":"The COVID-19 pandemic causes musical events around the world to be postponed or cancelled, as the virus is highly contagious, and health and government officials instate social distancing measures making the events impossible. Rock events postponed include the Asian leg of the Hella Mega Tour (featuring Green Day, Weezer, and Fall Out Boy), the Rage Against the Machine reunion tour, latter dates of the My Chemical Romance reunion tour, parts of Kiss' \"End of the Road World Tour,\" and the 2020 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony.[24]\nIn light of the social distancing measures, many artists instead decide to live-stream live performances straight out of their own homes. Of note is the internationally televised iHeart Living Room Concert for America event, which featured live acoustic performances by Dave Grohl of the Foo Fighters and Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day.[25]\nThe Glastonbury Festival celebrates its 50th anniversary on March 18. The festival, which was to have featured Manic Street Preachers and Sinéad O'Connor, is cancelled because of restrictions imposed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.[26] In its place, the BBC broadcasts a virtual festival including recorded highlights of previous years' festivals, including classic performances by The Rolling Stones, Patti Smith, Youssou N'Dour and David Bowie.[27]\nWelsh band Stereophonics are heavily criticized for not cancelling their concert in Cardiff, Wales, following the COVID-19 outbreak.[28]\nI Prevail single \"Hurricane\" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart and stays there for two weeks.[29]\nVolbeat's single \"Die to Live\" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart for a single week, the eighth of their singles to do so; as a result they tie with U2 for European band with most songs topping the chart.[30]\nGreen Day's single \"Oh Yeah!\" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart for a week.[31]\nPearl Jam releases their eleventh studio album, Gigaton, their first album since 2013. It debuts at number 5 on the Billboard 200, selling 63,000 album equivalent units. The album performed particularly well on vinyl, selling 14,000 copies, the second highest week for a 2020 release at the time.[32]","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Breaking Benjamin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_Benjamin"},{"link_name":"Far Away","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_Away_(Breaking_Benjamin_song)"},{"link_name":"Scooter Ward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_Ward"},{"link_name":"Cold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_(band)"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"Dance Gavin Dance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_Gavin_Dance"},{"link_name":"Afterburner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterburner_(Dance_Gavin_Dance_album)"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"The Killers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Killers"},{"link_name":"Caution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caution_(The_Killers_song)"},{"link_name":"guitar solo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar_solo"},{"link_name":"Lindsey Buckingham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey_Buckingham"},{"link_name":"Fleetwood Mac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac"},{"link_name":"Rock Airplay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Airplay"},{"link_name":"Alternative Songs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Songs"},{"link_name":"When You Were Young","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_You_Were_Young"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"Post Malone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Malone"},{"link_name":"Nirvana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana_(band)"},{"link_name":"Travis Barker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_Barker"},{"link_name":"Blink 182","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blink_182"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"Miley Cyrus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miley_Cyrus"},{"link_name":"Andrew Watt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Watt_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Pink Floyd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Floyd"},{"link_name":"Wish You Were Here","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wish_You_Were_Here_(Pink_Floyd_album)"},{"link_name":"Saturday Night Live","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"Chris Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Martin"},{"link_name":"Coldplay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coldplay"},{"link_name":"Bob Dylan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan"},{"link_name":"Shelter from the Storm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelter_from_the_Storm"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"Billie Joe Armstrong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Joe_Armstrong"},{"link_name":"Green Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Day"},{"link_name":"Wake Me Up When September Ends","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake_Me_Up_When_September_Ends"},{"link_name":"One World Together at Home","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_World_Together_at_Home"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"Krokus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krokus_(band)"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"Hellfest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellfest_(French_music_festival)"},{"link_name":"insurance company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurance"},{"link_name":"Albingia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albingia"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"Chunky Shrapnel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunky_Shrapnel"},{"link_name":"King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Gizzard_%26_the_Lizard_Wizard"},{"link_name":"Vimeo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vimeo"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"}],"sub_title":"April","text":"Breaking Benjamin's single \"Far Away\", featuring Scooter Ward of the band Cold, tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart. It is the band's seventh song to top the chart, and Ward's first. It stays there for three consecutive weeks.[33]\nDance Gavin Dance releases their ninth studio album, Afterburner. The album debuts at number 14 on the Billboard 200, selling over 23,000 copies. The achievement is rare, as the Coronavirus pandemic led to the band releasing no physical copies of the album, and rock music often relying more on physical sales than digital and streaming in comparison to other genre. It is just short of being the band's best-selling debut as well.[34]\nThe Killers single \"Caution\", which features a guitar solo from Lindsey Buckingham (Fleetwood Mac), tops the Billboard Rock Airplay and Alternative Songs charts. It is their first song to top the Rock Airplay chart, and their first in 13 years to top the Alternative Songs chart, a record, when their single \"When You Were Young\" topped the chart.[35]\nThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues the trend of musicians livestreaming performances, especially of cover songs:Rapper Post Malone livestreams and entire concert of sung Nirvana covers with Travis Barker of Blink 182 on drums.[36]\nMiley Cyrus, alongside Andrew Watt on guitar, performs an acoustic cover of Pink Floyd's Wish You Were Here\" on a nationally televised segment on Saturday Night Live.[37]\nChris Martin of Coldplay performs a solo cover of Bob Dylan's \"Shelter from the Storm\" on Saturday Night Live.[38]\nBillie Joe Armstrong of Green Day performs a solo rendition of \"Wake Me Up When September Ends\" on the nationally televised One World Together at Home event.[39]After being forced to cancel their farewell tour by the COVID-19 pandemic, Swiss band Krokus announce plans to reschedule the dates for 2021.[40]\nThe organizers of the French rock festival Hellfest, previously scheduled for June, tell fans that their insurance company, Albingia, has reneged on their contract and is refusing to pay for the cancellation of the 2020 festival,[41] because, Albingia claimed, \"respiratory diseases were excluded from the contract\".[42]\nTwo weeks after its cancelled cinema release, Chunky Shrapnel, a concert film by Australian band King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard, is digitally premièred on Vimeo on-demand.[43]","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rammstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rammstein"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"The Strokes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Strokes"},{"link_name":"The New Abnormal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Abnormal"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"Hayley Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayley_Williams"},{"link_name":"frontwoman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontwoman"},{"link_name":"Paramore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramore_(band)"},{"link_name":"Petals for Armor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petals_for_Armor"},{"link_name":"Top Rock Albums","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Rock_Albums"},{"link_name":"After Laughter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/After_Laughter"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"},{"link_name":"Foo Fighters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foo_Fighters"},{"link_name":"Times Like These","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Like_These_(song)"},{"link_name":"Chris Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Martin"},{"link_name":"Coldplay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coldplay"},{"link_name":"Biffy Clyro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biffy_Clyro"},{"link_name":"Dua Lipa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dua_Lipa"},{"link_name":"Hailee Steinfeld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hailee_Steinfeld"},{"link_name":"Dave Grohl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Grohl"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"}],"sub_title":"May","text":"Rammstein cancel their scheduled European tour (including Germany, Austria, Poland, Holland, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and the UK) because of COVID-19 restrictions, with plans to reschedule the dates for 2021.[44]\nThe Strokes release their sixth studio album, The New Abnormal, their first album in seven years. It debuts at number 8, selling 35,000 album equivalent units. It is their fifth album to land in the top 10 of the chart.[45]\nHayley Williams, frontwoman of the band Paramore, releases her first solo studio album, Petals for Armor. The album tops the Billboard Top Rock Albums chart. This makes William the first female musician to top the chart both as a solo artist and as a band member, having also done so with Paramore's 2017 album After Laughter.[46]\nA cover of the Foo Fighters single \"Times Like These\", tops the UK all-format singles chart. The song is a benefit charity single related to COVID-19, and features a wide-variety of artists doing short vocal takes, including Chris Martin of Coldplay, Biffy Clyro, Dua Lipa, Hailee Steinfeld, and Dave Grohl himself.[47][48]","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"Hot Rock & Alternative Songs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Rock_%26_Alternative_Songs"},{"link_name":"alternative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_music_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_100"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"Bad Wolves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Wolves"},{"link_name":"Sober","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sober_(Bad_Wolves_song)"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"},{"link_name":"Five Finger Death Punch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Finger_Death_Punch"},{"link_name":"A Little Bit Off","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Little_Bit_Off"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-51"},{"link_name":"Fear Inoculum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_Inoculum"},{"link_name":"Tool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_(band)"},{"link_name":"economic hardship caused by the coronavirus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_recession"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"},{"link_name":"Liam Gallagher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liam_Gallagher"},{"link_name":"MTV Unplugged","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Unplugged"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"}],"sub_title":"June","text":"Billboard Magazine introduces the Hot Hard Rock Songs and Hot Alternative Songs charts, while renaming its Hot Rock Songs chart to Hot Rock & Alternative Songs as it broadens the chart's criteria to include more pop/electronic/R&B alternative songs. The Hot Hard Rock Songs chart will measure the success of \"guitar-based rock songs with a heavier edge\" using the Hot 100 methodology of streaming, sales, and overall radio airplay in the United States.[49]\nBad Wolves' single \"Sober\" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock songs chart and stays there for two weeks.[50]\nFive Finger Death Punch single \"A Little Bit Off\" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock songs chart.[51]\nAfter previously postponing their North American Fear Inoculum tour, Tool decides to cancel the tour outright, citing the desire to give money back to ticket buyers rather than hold on to their money until 2021 to reschedule, due to economic hardship caused by the coronavirus.[52]\nLiam Gallagher releases a MTV Unplugged live solo album, which tops the UK all-format albums chart for a week.[53]","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bring Me the Horizon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring_Me_the_Horizon"},{"link_name":"Parasite Eve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasite_Eve_(song)"},{"link_name":"UK Rock & Metal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Rock_%26_Metal"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55"},{"link_name":"Shaun Morgan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaun_Morgan"},{"link_name":"Seether","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seether"},{"link_name":"Dangerous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerous_(Seether_song)"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-56"},{"link_name":"Static-X","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static-X"},{"link_name":"Project Regeneration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Regeneration"},{"link_name":"Wayne Static","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Static"},{"link_name":"Shadow Zone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_Zone_(Static-X_album)"},{"link_name":"Start a War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start_a_War"},{"link_name":"Tripp Eisen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripp_Eisen"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-57"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-58"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"},{"link_name":"The Hu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hu"},{"link_name":"UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Rock_%26_Metal_Albums_Chart"},{"link_name":"The Gereg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gereg"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-60"},{"link_name":"Jacoby Shaddix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacoby_Shaddix"},{"link_name":"From Ashes to New","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_Ashes_to_New"},{"link_name":"Lzzy Hale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lzzy_Hale"},{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-61"}],"sub_title":"July","text":"Bring Me the Horizon's single \"Parasite Eve\" tops the UK Rock & Metal singles chart for a week.[54] It additionally tops the Billboard Hot Hard Rock chart in its first full week of tracking.[55]\nSouth African recording artist Shaun Morgan, of the band Seether, tops the Billboard Hard Rock Songwriters chart, due to the success of the band's single \"Dangerous\" and promotional song \"Bruised and Broken\" charting well concurrently.[56]\nStatic-X releases their seventh studio album Project Regeneration. The album is the first to be released posthumously after the death of frontman and band founder Wayne Static in 2014. The album uses vocal tracks of Static recorded prior to his death, during the Shadow Zone and Start a War recording sessions. A fair amount of controversy arose leading up to its release, including the recording of an album without Wayne Static's consent, using an anonymous singer in touring that was dressed like a deceased Wayne Static, and accusations from ex-guitarist Tripp Eisen that he had not been allowed to participate despite being a major contributor during the Shadow Zone and Start a War sessions the material originated from, feeling that they were \"violating the memory\" with changes being made to the content written during the time.[57][58][59]\nMongolian band The Hu top the UK Rock & Metal Albums Chart with the deluxe edition re-release of their 2019 debut album The Gereg,[60] newly released with guest vocals by Jacoby Shaddix, From Ashes to New, and Lzzy Hale.[61]","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Shinedown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinedown"},{"link_name":"Atlas Falls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Falls"},{"link_name":"[62]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-62"},{"link_name":"Machine Gun Kelly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Gun_Kelly_(musician)"},{"link_name":"pop punk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_punk"},{"link_name":"My Ex's Best Friend","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Ex%27s_Best_Friend"},{"link_name":"Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_100"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-63"},{"link_name":"[64]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-64"},{"link_name":"MTV Video Music Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards"},{"link_name":"[65]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-65"},{"link_name":"Weezer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weezer"},{"link_name":"Hero","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_(Weezer_song)"},{"link_name":"Green Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Day"},{"link_name":"[66]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-66"},{"link_name":"The Killers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Killers"},{"link_name":"Imploding the Mirage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imploding_the_Mirage"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-67"},{"link_name":"[68]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-68"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-69"},{"link_name":"Biffy Clyro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biffy_Clyro"},{"link_name":"A Celebration of Endings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Celebration_of_Endings"},{"link_name":"[70]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-70"},{"link_name":"Linkin Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkin_Park"},{"link_name":"Hybrid Theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_Theory"},{"link_name":"She Couldn't","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She_Couldn%27t"},{"link_name":"[71]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-71"},{"link_name":"Metallica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica"},{"link_name":"S&M2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26M2"},{"link_name":"San Francisco Symphony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Symphony"},{"link_name":"All Within My Hands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Within_My_Hands"},{"link_name":"[72]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-72"}],"sub_title":"August","text":"Shinedown tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart for a week with their song \"Atlas Falls\". It is their sixteenth song to top the chart, making them the band with the most number ones on the chart in its almost 40 years of existence.[62]\nAmerican rapper Machine Gun Kelly, in his efforts to move into a more rock-oriented pop punk direction, releases the single \"My Ex's Best Friend\". The song is a rare rock song to cross over into the all-format Billboard Hot 100, debuting at number 82 on the chart.[63][64] It later peaked at number 68 after a nationally televised performance of the song on the MTV Video Music Awards.[65]\nWeezer's single \"Hero\" concurrently tops the Billboard Rock Airplay and Alternative Airplay charts. With the latter chart, it makes the band, along with Green Day, the only bands to top the chart in three separate decades.[66]\nThe Killers release their sixth studio album, Imploding the Mirage. It tops the UK and Australian all-format album charts, moving 50,000 copies on the former chart.[67][68] In the US, it fares worse, reaching number 8, and moving 37,000 album equivalent units.[69]\nBiffy Clyro tops the UK all-format album's chart with their ninth studio album, A Celebration of Endings. It is the band's third consecutive album to top the chart.[70]\nLinkin Park announce a 20th anniversary release of their debut studio album Hybrid Theory, and release the previously unreleased song from the 1999 recording sessions for it, \"She Couldn't\".[71]\nMetallica releases S&M2, a live album recorded with the San Francisco Symphony. It tops the Billboard Top Rock Albums chart, Hard Rock Albums chart, and Classical Albums chart, and reaches number 4 on the all-format Billboard 200 chart, moving 56,000 units. The album's lead single, a rendition of \"All Within My Hands\", tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock songs chart for four consecutive weeks. This make the band the first to have four different songs top the chart in four different decades.[72]","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Machine Gun Kelly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Gun_Kelly_(musician)"},{"link_name":"pop punk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_punk"},{"link_name":"Tickets to My Downfall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tickets_to_My_Downfall"},{"link_name":"[73]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-73"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Billboard200-74"},{"link_name":"Tool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_(band)"},{"link_name":"Fear Inoculum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_Inoculum"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Billboard200-74"},{"link_name":"[75]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-75"},{"link_name":"Machine Gun Kelly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Gun_Kelly_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_100"},{"link_name":"My Ex's Best Friend","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Ex%27s_Best_Friend"},{"link_name":"Forget Me Too","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forget_Me_Too"},{"link_name":"Bloody Valentine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Valentine_(song)"},{"link_name":"Drunk Face","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drunk_Face"},{"link_name":"[76]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-76"},{"link_name":"Deftones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deftones"},{"link_name":"Ohms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohms_(album)"},{"link_name":"[77]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-77"},{"link_name":"[78]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-78"},{"link_name":"[79]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-79"},{"link_name":"Chino Moreno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chino_Moreno"},{"link_name":"Stephen Carpenter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Carpenter"},{"link_name":"White Pony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Pony"},{"link_name":"[80]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-80"},{"link_name":"Doves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doves_(band)"},{"link_name":"The Universal Want","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Universal_Want"},{"link_name":"[81]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-81"}],"sub_title":"September","text":"American rapper Machine Gun Kelly, in a large style change, releases his first pop punk album, Tickets to My Downfall.[73] The album, his fifth overall, topped the US Billboard 200 all-format albums chart in its opening week, moving 126,000 album equivalent units.[74] This makes it the best debut of his career to date, tripling the opening numbers for his prior album, Hotel Diablo in 2019, and made it the first rock album to top the chart in just over a year, since Tool's album Fear Inoculum in September 2019.[74][75]\nA number of Machine Gun Kelly's songs cross-over to chart on the Billboard Hot 100 all-format chart on album release week too, including \"My Ex's Best Friend\" at number 28, \"Forget Me Too\" at number 44, \"Bloody Valentine\" at number 50, and \"Drunk Face\" at number 91.[76]\nDeftones release their ninth studio album, Ohms.[77] It debuts at number five at on the Billboard 200, moving 49,000 album equivalent units.[78] All ten songs from the album charted on Billboard's Hot Hard Rock chart upon release as well.[79] The album was recorded in 2019, but not ready for release in the same year. Frontman Chino Moreno has stated that Stephen Carpenter's guitar riffs are more in the forefront of the album, and called it an experimental album similar to White Pony.[80]\nUK rock band Doves reform and release their first album in over a decade, their fifth studio album The Universal Want. The album tops the UK all-format albums chart upon release week.[81]","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Foo Fighters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foo_Fighters"},{"link_name":"Rise Against","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_Against"},{"link_name":"[82]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-82"},{"link_name":"Machine Gun Kelly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Gun_Kelly_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Tickets to My Downfall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tickets_to_My_Downfall"},{"link_name":"[83]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-83"},{"link_name":"[84]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-KellyRumors-84"},{"link_name":"Cliff Richard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff_Richard"},{"link_name":"India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"[85]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-85"},{"link_name":"Fleetwood Mac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac"},{"link_name":"Rumours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumours_(Fleetwood_Mac_album)"},{"link_name":"TikTok","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TikTok"},{"link_name":"[84]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-KellyRumors-84"},{"link_name":"Bruce Springsteen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen"},{"link_name":"Letter to You","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_to_You"},{"link_name":"[86]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-86"},{"link_name":"Bring Me the Horizon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring_Me_the_Horizon"},{"link_name":"Parasite Eve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasite_Eve_(song)"},{"link_name":"Obey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obey_(Bring_Me_the_Horizon_and_Yungblud_song)"},{"link_name":"Teardrops","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teardrops_(Bring_Me_the_Horizon_song)"},{"link_name":"[87]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-87"},{"link_name":"Jack White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_White"},{"link_name":"Saturday Night Live","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live"},{"link_name":"Eddie Van Halen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Van_Halen"},{"link_name":"Lazaretto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazaretto_(song)"},{"link_name":"[88]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-88"}],"sub_title":"October","text":"Foo Fighters and Rise Against are among acts scheduled to participate in the online streaming performance for \"Save Our Stages Fest,\" an effort to raise money for all those hurt by COVID-19's halting of the live music industry.[82]\nMachine Gun Kelly's Tickets to My Downfall, in a rare feat for rock albums, remains in the top 10 of the Billboard 200 chart for multiple weeks after its debut, charting at number 6 in its second week, and rising to number 5 in its third week.[83][84]\nBritish singer Cliff Richard, an early rock star, celebrates his 80th birthday by releasing a new album, as well as publishing a photograph of him as a child in India, where he was born.[85]\nForty-two years after its initial release, Fleetwood Mac's album Rumours returns to the top ten of the Billboard 200 chart, largely due to the song Dreams being used in a viral TikTok video.[84]\nBruce Springsteen releases his 20th studio album, Letter to You, which is his first album in six years. It debuts at number 2 on the Billboard 200, making Springsteen the first artist to have a top five album across six separate decades.[86]\nBring Me the Horizon becomes the first band to have three songs top the Billboard Hot Hard Rock songs chart, with \"Parasite Eve\", \"Obey\", and \"Teardrops\" all topping the chart on separate weeks.[87]\nJack White performs live on the U.S. nationally televised show Saturday Night Live, paying tribute to Eddie Van Halen by using one of Van Halen's signature guitars for the song \"Lazaretto\".[88]","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Foo Fighters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foo_Fighters"},{"link_name":"Saturday Night Live","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live"},{"link_name":"Shame Shame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shame_Shame"},{"link_name":"[89]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-89"},{"link_name":"[90]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-90"},{"link_name":"System of a Down","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_a_Down"},{"link_name":"Protect the Land","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protect_the_Land"},{"link_name":"Genocidal Humanoidz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocidal_Humanoidz"},{"link_name":"2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_war"},{"link_name":"[91]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-91"},{"link_name":"[92]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-92"},{"link_name":"Wolfgang Van Halen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Van_Halen"},{"link_name":"Eddie Van Halen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Van_Halen"},{"link_name":"Distance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_(Mammoth_WVH_song)"},{"link_name":"Mammoth WVH","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoth_WVH"},{"link_name":"[93]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-93"},{"link_name":"[94]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-94"},{"link_name":"AC/DC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC/DC"},{"link_name":"Power Up","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_Up_(album)"},{"link_name":"[95]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-95"},{"link_name":"[96]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-96"},{"link_name":"[97]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-97"},{"link_name":"Smashing Pumpkins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smashing_Pumpkins"},{"link_name":"Cyr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyr_(album)"},{"link_name":"[98]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-98"},{"link_name":"Billy Corgan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Corgan"},{"link_name":"Shiny and Oh So Bright","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiny_and_Oh_So_Bright"},{"link_name":"[99]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-99"},{"link_name":"[100]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-100"}],"sub_title":"November","text":"Foo Fighters perform live on US National televised show Saturday Night Live on November 7, where they debut their new single, \"Shame Shame\".[89][90]\nSystem of a Down surprise releases its first new music in over 15 years - two songs \"Protect the Land\" and \"Genocidal Humanoidz\". The songs are released to bring awareness of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. Despite the song's release, the band retains its stance that another studio album is unlikely due to the band's internal strife and disagreements on how to proceed on it. The songs debut at number 1 and 2 respectively on the Billboard Hot Hard Rock songs chart.[91][92]\nWolfgang Van Halen, son of Eddie Van Halen, releases his debut song, \"Distance\", under the monniker \"Mammoth WVH\". The song is an ode to his father, and features Wolfgang playing all instruments and vocals.[93] It debut upon the top of the Billboard Hot Hard Rock chart.[94]\nAC/DC releases their seventeenth studio album, Power Up. It debuts at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 all-format albums chart and at the top of the US and UK album sales chart. Similar to Machine Gun Kelly, the band released the album in hopes of inspiring a younger generation to get into guitar-based rock music, though unlike Kelly, they stuck with their established rock sound for the album.[95][96][97]\nSmashing Pumpkins release Cyr, a double album, on November 27, 2020.[98] Frontman Billy Corgan considers it the first real album to be released since the reformation of 3/4 of the band's original lineup in 2018, discounting the eight song Shiny and Oh So Bright album.[99] The album is the bands worst performing album to date, debuting at number 86 on the Billboard 200 chart, lower than Shiny, the previous low, at number 54.[100]","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Yungblud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yungblud"},{"link_name":"Weird!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weird!"},{"link_name":"[101]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-101"},{"link_name":"Foo Fighters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foo_Fighters"},{"link_name":"Shame Shame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shame_Shame"},{"link_name":"[102]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-102"},{"link_name":"Trapt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapt"},{"link_name":"social media","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media"},{"link_name":"The Proud Boys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Proud_Boys"},{"link_name":"statutory rape","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statutory_rape"},{"link_name":"[103]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-103"}],"sub_title":"December","text":"British musician Yungblud releases his second studio album, Weird!. It tops the UK Albums Chart upon release.[101]\nThe Foo Fighters song \"Shame Shame\" tops the Billboard Mainstream Rock songs chart, their ninth song to do so.[102]\nAmerican rock band Trapt is removed from all major social media mediums after the band's official account makes a series of controversial comments, including voicing support of The Proud Boys and statutory rape.[103]","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"many rock musicians oppose Donald Trump's unauthorized use of their music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musicians_who_oppose_Donald_Trump%27s_use_of_their_music"},{"link_name":"[104]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-104"},{"link_name":"[105]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-105"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic"},{"link_name":"[106]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-106"},{"link_name":"Guitar Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar_Center"},{"link_name":"bankruptcy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy"},{"link_name":"[107]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-107"}],"sub_title":"Year-end","text":"During the 2020 US presidential election, many rock musicians oppose Donald Trump's unauthorized use of their music.[104][105]\nReports in both the US and the UK show that the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent shutdowns and self-isolations lead to increased interest and sales of electric guitars related to increased interest in learning to play guitar.[106] Despite this, towards the end of the year, major guitar retailer Guitar Center files for bankruptcy, though without plans to close.[107]","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bo Winberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo_Winberg"},{"link_name":"The Spotnicks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spotnicks"},{"link_name":"[108]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-108"},{"link_name":"Neil Peart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Peart"},{"link_name":"Rush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_(band)"},{"link_name":"[109]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-109"},{"link_name":"Saskia Post","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskia_Post"},{"link_name":"Dogs in Space","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs_in_Space"},{"link_name":"[110]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-110"},{"link_name":"Bill Rieflin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Rieflin"},{"link_name":"King Crimson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Crimson"},{"link_name":"Ministry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_(band)"},{"link_name":"R.E.M.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.E.M."},{"link_name":"[111]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-111"},{"link_name":"Adam Schlesinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Schlesinger"},{"link_name":"Fountains of Wayne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountains_of_Wayne"},{"link_name":"Stacy's Mom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacy%27s_Mom"},{"link_name":"COVID-19","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19"},{"link_name":"[112]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-112"},{"link_name":"Brian Howe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Howe_(singer)"},{"link_name":"Bad Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Company"},{"link_name":"[113]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-113"},{"link_name":"Little Richard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richard"},{"link_name":"rock and roll","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll"},{"link_name":"[114]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-114"},{"link_name":"Charlie Monttana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Monttana"},{"link_name":"rock urbano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_urbano"},{"link_name":"[115]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-115"},{"link_name":"Paul Chapman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Chapman_(musician)"},{"link_name":"UFO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFO_(band)"},{"link_name":"Lone Star","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lone_Star_(band)"},{"link_name":"[116]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-116"},{"link_name":"Yuji \"You\" Adachi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuji_Adachi"},{"link_name":"Dead End","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_End_(band)"},{"link_name":"sepsis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis"},{"link_name":"[117]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-natalie-117"},{"link_name":"Graeme Williamson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graeme_Williamson"},{"link_name":"[118]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-118"},{"link_name":"Ken Chinn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Chinn"},{"link_name":"SNFU","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNFU"},{"link_name":"[119]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-119"},{"link_name":"Dominic Sonic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Sonic"},{"link_name":"[120]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-120"},{"link_name":"Peter Green","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Green_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Fleetwood Mac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac"},{"link_name":"[121]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-121"},{"link_name":"Mark Wirtz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Wirtz"},{"link_name":"[122]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-122"},{"link_name":"Bjesovi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjesovi"},{"link_name":"[123]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-123"},{"link_name":"Peter Starkie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Starkie"},{"link_name":"Skyhooks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyhooks_(band)"},{"link_name":"[124]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-124"},{"link_name":"Eddie Van Halen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Van_Halen"},{"link_name":"Van Halen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Halen"},{"link_name":"[125]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-125"},{"link_name":"Paul Matters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Matters"},{"link_name":"AC/DC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC/DC"},{"link_name":"[126]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-126"},{"link_name":"Silver Sun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_Sun"},{"link_name":"[127]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-127"},{"link_name":"Ken Hensley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Hensley"},{"link_name":"Uriah Heep","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uriah_Heep_(band)"},{"link_name":"[128]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-128"},{"link_name":"[129]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-129"},{"link_name":"Siekiera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siekiera"},{"link_name":"[130]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-130"},{"link_name":"Andrey Sapunov","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Sapunov"},{"link_name":"Voskreseniye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voskreseniye"},{"link_name":"[131]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-131"},{"link_name":"Pepe Salvaderi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepe_Salvaderi"},{"link_name":"Dik Dik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dik_Dik"},{"link_name":"[132]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-132"},{"link_name":"Alexi Laiho","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexi_Laiho"},{"link_name":"Children of Bodom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children_of_Bodom"},{"link_name":"[133]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-133"}],"text":"Bo Winberg, former drummer of The Spotnicks, died on January 3, 2020, at the age of 80.[108]\nNeil Peart, drummer of Rush, died on January 7, 2020, at the age of 67 from brain cancer.[109]\nSaskia Post, Australian actress and co-star of the 1980s punk film Dogs in Space, died on March 16, 2020, aged 59, of a cardiac arrest.[110]\nDrummer Bill Rieflin, best known for his work with King Crimson, Ministry, and R.E.M. died at the age of 59 on March 24, 2020, following a battle with cancer.[111]\nAdam Schlesinger, co-founder, bassist, and songwriter, of Fountains of Wayne (\"Stacy's Mom\"), died at the age of 52 on April 1, 2020, due to COVID-19 related complications.[112]\nBrian Howe, former singer of the band Bad Company, died on May 6, 2020, at 66.[113]\nLittle Richard, one of the pioneers of rock and roll, died on May 9, 2020, at 87.[114]\nCharlie Monttana, Mexican rock urbano singer, died on May 28, 2020, aged 58, of a heart attack.[115]\nPaul Chapman, 66, Welsh rock guitarist (UFO, Lone Star), died on June 9, 2020, aged 66.[116]\nYuji \"You\" Adachi, guitarist and composer of Dead End, died from sepsis on June 16, 2020, at the age of 56.[117]\nGraeme Williamson, Scottish rock singer, died of a stroke on June 25, 2020, aged 71.[118]\nKen Chinn, punk rock vocalist (SNFU) died on July 16, 2020, aged 57.[119]\nDominic Sonic, French singer, died on July 23, 2020, aged 55.[120]\nPeter Green, co-founder of Fleetwood Mac, died on July 25, at the age of 73.[121]\nMark Wirtz, French-German record producer, composer, singer, musician, author, and comedian, died on August 7, aged 76.[122]\nBožidar Tanasković, Serbian rock bassist (Bjesovi), died on August, 30.[123]\nPeter Starkie, Australian bassist (Skyhooks), died on September 14, aged 72.[124]\nEddie Van Halen, Dutch-American rock musician (Van Halen) died on October 6, aged 65.[125]\nPaul Matters, Australian bassist (AC/DC), died on October 14.[126]\nJames Broad, British vocalist and guitarist (Silver Sun), died in late October, following a battle with cancer.[127]\nKen Hensley, co-founder and co-writer for British rock-band Uriah Heep, died on November 4, aged 75.[128][129]\nDariusz Malinowski, vocalist and guitarist of Polish band Siekiera, died on December 12, aged 54/55[130]\nAndrey Sapunov, singer and bassist of the Russian band Voskreseniye, died on December 13, aged 64[131]\nPepe Salvaderi, guitarist and singer of the Italian \"beat-pop-rock\" band Dik Dik), died on December 19.[132]\nAlexi Laiho, 41, singer and guitarist of Finnish death metal band Children of Bodom, died on December 29.[133]","title":"Deaths"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Stone Sour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Sour"},{"link_name":"[134]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-134"},{"link_name":"Red Sun Rising","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sun_Rising"},{"link_name":"[135]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-135"},{"link_name":"Dream On, Dreamer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_On,_Dreamer"},{"link_name":"[136]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-136"},{"link_name":"Unlocking the Truth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unlocking_the_Truth"},{"link_name":"[137]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-137"}],"text":"Stone Sour[134]\nRed Sun Rising[135]\nDream On, Dreamer (Australian band)[136]\nUnlocking the Truth[137]","title":"Band breakups"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Format","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Format"},{"link_name":"[138]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-138"}],"text":"The Format[138]","title":"Bands reformed"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Grammy Awards 2020: Full list of nominees\". Cbsnews.com. 20 November 2019. Archived from the original on 29 November 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/grammy-nominations-full-list-of-2020-nominees/","url_text":"\"Grammy Awards 2020: Full list of nominees\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191129165533/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/grammy-nominations-full-list-of-2020-nominees/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Hussey, Allison (26 January 2020). \"Grammys 2020: Tool's \"7empest\" Wins Best Metal Performance\". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. 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Сапунов\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201221174733/https://www.business-gazeta.ru/news/492130","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2020/12/19/pepe-salvaderi-morto-il-fondatore-dei-dik-dik-te-ne-sei-andato-a-suonare-con-gli-angeli/6042545/","external_links_name":"\"Pepe Salvaderi, morto il fondatore dei Dik Dik: \"Te ne sei andato a suonare con gli angeli\"\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211205074609/https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2020/12/19/pepe-salvaderi-morto-il-fondatore-dei-dik-dik-te-ne-sei-andato-a-suonare-con-gli-angeli/6042545/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/alexi-laihos-wife-shares-photos-of-his-private-funeral-service/","external_links_name":"\"ALEXI LAIHO's Wife Shares Photos Of His Private Funeral 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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystic_Lake_Casino_Hotel
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Mystic Lake Casino Hotel
|
["1 History","2 Awards","3 References"]
|
Coordinates: 44°43′51″N 93°28′25″W / 44.73083°N 93.47361°W / 44.73083; -93.47361Casino hotel in Minnesota
Mystic Lake Casino Hotel is owned and operated by the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community (SMSC) in Prior Lake, Minnesota, United States, southwest of Minneapolis and Saint Paul. With 4,100 employees, the SMSC – including Mystic Lake Casino Hotel and Little Six Casino – is the largest employer in Scott County. The casino's gambling options include slots, bingo, video roulette, pulltabs, and live dealer blackjack. Mystic Lake also offers bars, restaurants, shows, special events, and accommodations.
History
Mystic Lake Casino Hotel is owned and operated by the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community (SMSC), a federally recognized, sovereign Indian tribe.
The SMSC opened Little Six Bingo in 1982, which became Little Six Casino in 1990 following the passage of the federal Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 and the signing of a gaming compact between the SMSC and the State of Minnesota. The SMSC and other Minnesota tribes were the first in the United States to negotiate and sign tribal-state compacts with a state government related to gaming.
Mystic Lake Casino Hotel opened on May 12, 1992. It is named after the nearby lake of the same name. Its success has helped fund SMSC goals, including economic diversification and improvements to tribal infrastructure and services from the 1990s to the present.
In 2012 the SMSC initiated a 10-year cooperative agreement with Canterbury Park in neighboring Shakopee, Minnesota, to support increased purses for live horse races and joint marketing opportunities between Canterbury Park and Mystic Lake. In 2013, the first full racing season under the agreement, Canterbury Park completed its longest season since 2006, with a purse distribution that was double the amount paid out to the horse owners in 2011.
In 2018 Mystic Lake Center opened, the newest addition to Mystic Lake Casino Hotel.
With 766 hotel rooms, Mystic Lake Casino Hotel is one of the largest hotels in the Twin Cities metro area.
Awards
The SMSC Gaming Enterprise, which includes Mystic Lake and Little Six, received a "Best Places to Work" award from the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Business Journal in 2012 and 2013, and a "Top 100 Workplaces" award from the Minneapolis Star Tribune in 2013.
References
^ SMSC.pdf "Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community Celebrates 40 Years as a Federally Recognized Indian Tribe" (PDF). Indian Gaming. January 2009. Retrieved February 19, 2019. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
^ www.cityofpriorlake.com http://www.cityofpriorlake.com/about.php. Retrieved 2013-10-16. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ "Mystic Lake Casino Hotel | Follow the Lights". Mystic Lake. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
^ www.mnindiangamingassoc.com http://www.mnindiangamingassoc.com/our_compacts.html. Retrieved 2013-12-05. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ "Canterbury, Indian tribe in no-racino agreement". TwinCities.com. June 4, 2012.
^ "Canterbury Park enjoys rebirth for 2013 racing season". StarTribune. May 17, 2013.
^ Stanwood, Maggie (January 4, 2018). "New Mystic Lake Center designed after Minnesota nature scenes". Prior Lake American. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
^ "List Leaders: Hilton Minneapolis, Treasure Island, Mystic Lake top List of largest Twin Cities hotels". Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal. January 17, 2020. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
^ "No. 4 large company: SMSC Gaming Enterprise". Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal. Aug 24, 2012.
^ "No. 7 large company: SMSC Gaming Enterprise". Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal. Aug 23, 2013.
^ "Star Tribune Top Workplaces 2013 - SMSC Gaming Enterprise". topworkplaces.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17.
44°43′51″N 93°28′25″W / 44.73083°N 93.47361°W / 44.73083; -93.47361
|
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|
[]
| null |
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masterpiece_(Madonna_song)
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Masterpiece (Madonna song)
|
["1 Writing and development","2 Recording and composition","3 Critical response","4 Accolades","5 Chart performance","6 Live performance","7 Credits and personnel","7.1 Management","7.2 Personnel","8 Charts","8.1 Weekly charts","8.2 Year-end charts","9 Release history","10 References"]
|
2012 single by Madonna"Masterpiece"Single by Madonnafrom the album MDNA ReleasedApril 2, 2012 (2012-04-02)Recorded2011Studio3:20 Studios (Los Angeles)MSR Studios (New York City)Genre
Pop
folk-pop
Length3:59LabelInterscopeSongwriter(s)
Madonna
Julie Frost
Jimmy Harry
Producer(s)
Madonna
William Orbit
Madonna singles chronology
"Girl Gone Wild" (2012)
"Masterpiece" (2012)
"Turn Up the Radio" (2012)
Licensed audio"Masterpiece" on YouTube
"Masterpiece" is a song by American singer Madonna for the soundtrack of the 2011 film W.E. The song was later included on her twelfth studio album MDNA (2012). It served official radio release in the United Kingdom on April 2, 2012, to promote the album. Madonna composed the song alongside Julie Frost and Jimmy Harry, and produced it with William Orbit. "Masterpiece" is a midtempo pop and folk-pop ballad which is reminiscent of her works from the 1990s. The song garnered positive reviews from contemporary critics, who praised its lyrical content and Madonna's vocal performance.
"Masterpiece" won the Best Original Song category at the 69th Golden Globe Awards, but was deemed ineligible for the similar category at the 84th Academy Awards. Its Golden Globe nomination sparked a red carpet rivalry between Madonna and fellow nominee, singer Elton John. "Masterpiece" peaked at number one in Russia, while reaching the lower regions of the charts in the Czech Republic, Japan, South Korea and the United Kingdom. It was performed by Madonna on The MDNA Tour (2012), where she was accompanied by Basque musicians Kalakan trio. The performance was considered a highlight of the tour.
Writing and development
"Masterpiece" was composed by Madonna, Julie Frost and Jimmy Harry and produced by Madonna and William Orbit. When Madonna was directing her film W.E., her manager Guy Oseary persuaded the singer to compose a song for the soundtrack. Frost was living in Los Angeles at that time and was assessing her priorities in the music world, and wanted to collaborate with a number of artists, Madonna being the first. "She is an icon", Frost said, "But most importantly she has some of the best Pop songs in the history of music... so yeah it's always a dream to work with people like her." Orbit, who was working with Frost and Harry on an assignment, contacted them for collaborating with Madonna on "Masterpiece". He had heard Frost's initial composition of the song and knew that Madonna would love it. According to Frost the theme explained to them was about bittersweet love and the hardships felt being in a relationship. Madonna, Frost and Harry sat together with this idea and brainstormed and came up with the lyrics and the melody. Over time, Madonna changed the structure of the song and the final version was ready for recording. Madonna recalled:
" harangued me for the entire time I was filming and editing my movie to write a song. And I said, 'Please, Guy, I'm trying to focus on being a director and I want people to pay attention to the film and I don't have time.' So then I finished the film and I started making my record and somehow magically and miraculously the song emerged, 'Masterpiece,' so thank you, Guy Oseary, for being so irritating."
Recording and composition
"Masterpiece"
A 23 second sample of "Masterpiece", featuring the chorus of the song with lyrics "And I'm right by your side, Like a thief in the night, I stand in front of a masterpiece".
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"Masterpiece" is a midtempo pop and folk-pop ballad featuring basic recording and production by Orbit. It was recorded in two locations, 3:20 Studios, Los Angeles, California and MSR Studios, New York, New York. Madonna reflected on the recording sessions with Orbit: "We've worked on stuff for so many years that we kind of finish each other's sentences. He knows my taste and what I like. Magic happens when we get into a recording studio together." Additional production came from Harry, who also played acoustic guitars, keyboards, vocoder and did the programming for the track. Demacio "Demo" Castellon mixed and engineered the song with help from Frank Filipetti, while Angie Teo did additional engineering and editing. Other personnel working on "Masterpiece" was Ron Taylor who did protools editing and further editing from Stephen "The Koz" Kozmeniuk.
In "Masterpiece", Madonna sings about the pain of being in love with someone who is a great work of art, with the lyrics including "If you were the Mona Lisa, You'd be hanging in the Louvre, Everyone would come to see you, You'd be impossible to move." Madonna said the song describes Wallis Simpson and is "about a woman who has fallen in love with this untouchable thing, this man that was raised to be king. One of the lines of the song 'it must be so hard to always be the chosen one.' At the end of the day nothing is indestructible, no matter how high you might rise in the world you are still a human being." Marc Schneider from Billboard described "Masterpiece" as a slowed-down, moody ballad that showcases strong execution of vocals from Madonna. He described the production as "simple, direct and reminiscent of her sound in the 1990s". The lyrics were described as emotional, and was comparable to the film's love story, with the chorus as follows: "And I'm right by your side, Like a thief in the night, I stand in front of a masterpiece. And I can't tell you why it hurts so much to be in love with a masterpiece. 'Cause after all, nothing's indestructible".
Critical response
"Masterpiece" received acclaim from music critics. Bradley Stern from MTV wrote that "with its poetic lyrics and gorgeous orchestration, "Masterpiece" is an instant classic addition to Madonna's back catalog of stellar balladry." Another review from MTV stated that "the song doesn't follow Madonna's usual style of sexy, energetic and mischievious , rather it shows Madge's wisdom of naked beauty with stripped down vocals, strong penned lyrics and haunting melodies." Michael Cragg from The Guardian praised the song as one of the best vocal performances on MDNA. Neil McCormick from The Daily Telegraph described the song as "sweet, gentle love song with a Spanish guitar loop, a light beat and flowing melody, filled out by synthetic strings."
Kyle Anderson of Entertainment Weekly described the song as a throwback to Madonna's mid-1990s style. Nick Levine from The National felt that the song would fit neatly onto her 1995 ballads compilation Something to Remember. Blogcritics editor Tyrone S. Reid called the song a "slow-burning instant classic," which recalls Madonna's Ray of Light era. A writer for Idolator website said that the song's minimal production "remind us very much of Madge's American Life days, allowing us to focus on the lovely lyrics and Madonna's gorgeous vocals. All in all, a terrific effort that bodes well for ." Robert Copsey from Digital Spy felt that the song's production is more "organic" and "it doesn't try to be anything other than a solid pop song."
Accolades
Madonna received the trophy for Best Original Song at the 69th Golden Globe Awards.
On January 15, 2012, "Masterpiece" won the Best Original Song category at the 69th Golden Globe Awards. Its nomination sparked rivalrous comments on the red carpet from fellow singer Elton John, whose song—"Hello, Hello" from Gnomeo & Juliet—was also nominated in the category. John told host Carson Daly that Madonna "hasn't got a fucking chance" of winning the award. When Madonna later had her red carpet interview with Daly, she took swipes at John's masculinity first, asking about his wardrobe: "Was he wearing a dress?" and after being informed of his comments stating, "May the best man win".
Subsequent to the announcement, John's husband, David Furnish, opined on his personal Facebook page that "Madonna winning Best Original Song truly shows how these awards have nothing to do with merit". Madonna commented backstage: "I hope speaks to me for the next couple of years. He's been known to get mad at me so I don't know. He's brilliant and I adore him so he'll win another award. I don't feel bad!"
"Masterpiece" was ineligible for the Best Original Song category at the 84th Academy Awards, since it was not "used either in the body of the film, or as the 'first music cue' in the closing credits (i.e. the first song that plays once the screen fades to black)." It was used too late in the film credits to be eligible. "Masterpiece" was also nominated for Best Original Song Written Directly for a Film at the 2012 World Soundtrack Awards, but lost to Albert Nobbs theme "Lay Your Head Down" by Brian Byrne and Glenn Close.
Chart performance
"Masterpiece" was released to radio stations the United Kingdom on April 2, 2012. The song reached number 25 on the UK Airplay Chart with 26.60 million audience impressions and 660 plays on radio during the eleventh week of 2012. The song later debuted at number 68 on the UK Singles Chart for issue date of April 7, 2012, due to digital download of the track from MDNA. The next week was its final appearance on the chart, dropping at number 87. In Japan, the song debuted at number 77 on the Japan Hot 100 chart on the issue date of February 13, 2012 and remained on the chart for one week. The song also debuted on the Japanese Hot Top Airplay at number 58 as well as on the Digital and Airplay Overseas at number 19. In Czech Republic, the song debuted at number 83 on the official airplay chart for the ninth week of 2012. It peaked at number 58 in its seventh week and stayed on the chart for 12 weeks. In South Korea, the song debuted at number 147 on the Gaon International Downloads Chart with sales of 2,516 copies. The song achieved its strongest chart performance in Russia, where it topped the Russian Music Charts in the week of December 2, 2012. It became the sixth most successful song of 2012 with 409,334 radio plays across Russia.
Live performance
Madonna, flanked by her dancers and the Kalakan trio at the back, performs "Masterpiece" during The MDNA Tour
Madonna performed "Masterpiece" at The MDNA Tour in 2012. It was a part of the third segment of the concert, titled Prophecy, where a mix of joyful songs that "bring people together" were performed. The wardrobe during the performance included an all-leather look, a custom design by Hervé Léger and Max Azria, with knee-high boots and a mini fur bolero. After finishing an energetic performance of "Open Your Heart", Madonna is joined by Basque musicians Kalakan trio and they perform a Basque song called "Sagarra Jo". After that, Madonna sat down to sing an acoustic guitar, fiddle, and beat-based version of "Masterpiece", as clips from W.E. appeared in the backdrops. The Kalakan trio backed the singer during the performance, while her dancers accompanied Madonna on stage, dressed as soldiers. The performance of the song at the November 19–20, 2012, shows in Miami, at the American Airlines Arena were recorded and released in Madonna's fourth live album, MDNA World Tour.
Sarah Rodman from The Boston Globe felt that the addition of the Kalakan trio "enriched" the song, which was already a stand-out track from MDNA. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution's Melissa Ruggieri considered it the show's highlight, while a writer for The Glasgow Herald felt that the performance invigorated Madonna's artistic side.
Credits and personnel
Credits and personnel adapted from the liner notes of MDNA.
Management
Recorded at 3:20 Studios, Los Angeles, California and MSR Studios, New York City
Webo Girl Publishing, Inc. (ASCAP), EMI April Music Inc., Totally Famous Music and Curvature Music (ASCAP),
Personnel
Madonna – songwriter, producer, vocals
Julie Frost – songwriter
Jimmy Harry – songwriter, additional production, acoustic guitars, keyboards, vocoder, programming
William Orbit – producer
Demacio "Demo" Castellon – mixing, engineering
Frank Filipetti – engineering
Angie Teo – engineering, additional editing
Ron Taylor – protools editing
Stephen "The Koz" Kozmeniuk – additional editing
Charts
Weekly charts
Weekly chart performance for "Masterpiece"
Chart (2012)
Peakposition
CIS (TopHit)
2
Czech Republic (Rádio – Top 100)
58
Iceland (RÚV)
28
Japan (Japan Hot 100)
77
Russia (Billboard)
1
Russia Airplay (TopHit)
1
South Korea International (GAON)
147
UK Singles (OCC)
68
Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)
16
Year-end charts
2012 year-end chart performance for "Masterpiece"
Chart (2012)
Position
CIS (TopHit)
7
Russia Airplay (TopHit)
6
Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)
62
2013 year-end chart performance for "Masterpiece"
Chart (2013)
Position
CIS (TopHit)
74
Russia Airplay (TopHit)
83
Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)
104
Release history
Country
Date
Format
Label
United Kingdom
April 2, 2012
Contemporary hit radio
Polydor Records
References
^ a b c d Vena, Jocelyn (January 15, 2012). "Madonna's 'Masterpiece' Wins The Golden Globe". MTV News. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
^ a b c Eight Forty-Eight (February 6, 2012). "Julie Frost talks about Golden Globe-winning collaboration with Madonna". WBEZ. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
^ Williams, Colleen (February 1, 2012). "(daily news)". Nonstop News LA. Los Angeles. Event occurs at 15:30 (minutes=1:51–3:23). NBC Nonstop.
^ a b c Madonna (2012). Madonna – MDNA Electronic Press Kit Featuring William Orbit, Martin Solveig, Benny Benassi (Streaming, Digital download). Interscope Records. Event occurs at 6:31–7:00.
^ a b Schou, Solvej (December 15, 2011). "Madonna Lands Golden Globe Nomination". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on July 15, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2012.
^ Pareles, Jon (March 26, 2012). "'MDNA,' Madonna's 12th Studio Album". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 14, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
^ a b c d e MDNA (Liner notes). Madonna. Interscope Records. 2012. p. 18. B00756GKBA.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ Vena, Jocelyn (January 27, 2012). "Madonna Calls M.D.N.A. 'Action-Packed'". MTV News. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
^ a b Idolator Staff (December 3, 2011). "Madonna Unveils Her 'Masterpiece'". Idolator. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
^ Schneider, Marc (December 15, 2011). "Madonna's 'W.E.' Lands 2 Golden Globe Nominations". Billboard. Retrieved December 15, 2011.
^ Stern, Bradley (March 26, 2012). "'MDNA' Track-By-Track Review: A Cheat Sheet To Madonna's New Album". MTV News. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved July 13, 2012.
^ "Madonna's Newest 'Masterpiece' Song Leaks Online". MTV News. December 5, 2011. Archived from the original on September 11, 2012. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
^ Cragg, Michael (March 7, 2012). "First listen: Madonna's MDNA". The Guardian. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
^ McCormick, Neil (March 7, 2012). "Madonna's new album MDNA: track-by-track review". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
^ Anderson, Kyle (December 11, 2011). "Madonna debuts new song 'Masterpiece' – and we might like it". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
^ Levine, Nick (March 14, 2012). "Track-by-track review of Madonna's MDNA". The National. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
^ Reid, Tyrone S (March 25, 2012). "Music Review: Madonna – MDNA". Blogcritics. Archived from the original on June 24, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
^ Copsey, Robert (March 7, 2012). "Madonna's new album 'MDNA': First listen". Digital Spy. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
^ Rolling Stone (January 17, 2012). "Elton John's Husband: Madonna Is 'Embarrassing' and 'Desperate'". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on May 10, 2022. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
^ Eng, Joyce (January 16, 2012). "Elton John's Husband Blasts Madonna's Globes Win --- But She Doesn't Feel Bad". TV Guide. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
^ a b Ravitz, Justin (January 16, 2012). "Elton John's Husband David Furnish Slam Madonna's "Embarrassing" Globes Speech". Us Weekly. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
^ Eggertsen, Chris (December 16, 2011). "Why is Madonna's 'Masterpiece' ineligible for the Best Original Song Oscar?". HitFix. Archived from the original on September 4, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
^ McIntyre, Gina (January 15, 2012). "Golden Globes: Madonna wins prize for original song". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
^ Gallo, Phil (August 13, 2012). "Madonna, Mary J. Blige, Bret McKenzie Nominated for World Soundtrack Awards". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
^ "Madonna > Masterpiece". Wave 105. February 13, 2012. Archived from the original on December 8, 2012. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
^ Hamard, Jonathan (March 25, 2012). "Madonna : "Masterpiece" comme 2ème single UK" (in French). Pure Charts in France. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
^ "The UK Radio Airplay Chart". UK Airplay Chart. March 17, 2012. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
^ a b "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
^ "The Official Charts Company — Masterpiece by Madonna Search". The Official Charts Company. June 29, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2022.
^ a b "Madonna Chart History (Japan Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
^ "Japan Charts: Hot Top Airplay". Billboard Japan. February 13, 2012. Archived from the original on May 13, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
^ "Japan Charts: Digital and Airplay Overseas". Billboard Japan. February 13, 2012. Archived from the original on September 19, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
^ a b "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: Change the chart to CZ – RADIO – TOP 100 and insert 201215 into search. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
^ a b 가온차트와 함께하세요 (in Korean). Gaon Chart. April 5, 2012. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
^ a b "Weekly Airplay Top Hit 100 Russia" (in Russian). TopHit. December 2, 2012. Archived from the original on April 27, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
^ a b "Yearly Airplay Top Hit 200 Russia" (in Russian). TopHit. Archived from the original on April 27, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
^ Ganz, Caryn (September 10, 2012). "Act of God: Madonna's MDNA Tour Comes to Yankee Stadium". Spin. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
^ "Madonna's MDNA Tour Costumes: The Cone Bra Returns". InStyle. p. 6. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
^ Empire, Kitty (July 22, 2012). "Madonna – review: Hyde Park, London". The Guardian. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
^ Stevenson, Jane (September 12, 2012). "Concert Review: Madonna". Jam!. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ Roberts, Randall (October 11, 2012). "Review: Madonna gets political and moons Los Angeles crowd". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 24, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
^ MDNA World Tour (CD, DVD, Blu-ray). Madonna. Interscope Records. 2013. 602537507054.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (September 10, 2013). "MDNA World Tour – Madonna". AllMusic. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
^ Rodman, Sarah (September 5, 2012). "Madonna does it her way at high-energy Garden show". Boston Globe. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
^ Ruggieri, Melissa (November 18, 2012). "Madonna flaunts her assets at Philips Arena". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on August 26, 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
^ "Review and pictures: Madonna performs at Murrayfield". The Glasgow Herald. July 22, 2012. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
^ Madonna — Masterpiece. TopHit. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
^ "Madonna Chart History". RÚV. March 22, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
^ "Чарты > 12 ноября 2012 г". Billboard. November 12, 2012. Archived from the original on December 16, 2012. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
^ "Ukraine Airplay Chart for 2012-11-19." TopHit. Retrieved February 22, 2021.
^ "Top Year-End Hits 2012". TopHit. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
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^ "Top Year-End Hits 2013". TopHit. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
^ "Top Radio Hits Russia Annual Chart 2013" (in Russian). TopHit. Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
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^ Bruce, Ken; Lester, Alex. "BBC Radio 2 – Record of the Week". BBC Radio 2. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
vteMadonna songs
Singles
Songs
Covers
Unreleased songs
1980s singles
"Everybody"
"Burning Up"
"Physical Attraction"
"Holiday"
"Lucky Star"
"Borderline"
"Like a Virgin"
"Material Girl"
"Crazy for You"
"Angel"
"Into the Groove"
"Dress You Up"
"Gambler"
"Live to Tell"
"Papa Don't Preach"
"True Blue"
"Open Your Heart"
"La Isla Bonita"
"Who's That Girl"
"Causing a Commotion"
"The Look of Love"
"Spotlight"
"Like a Prayer"
"Express Yourself"
"Cherish"
"Oh Father"
"Dear Jessie"
1990s singles
"Keep It Together"
"Vogue"
"Hanky Panky"
"Justify My Love"
"Rescue Me"
"This Used to Be My Playground"
"Erotica"
"Deeper and Deeper"
"Bad Girl"
"Fever"
"Rain"
"Bye Bye Baby"
"I'll Remember"
"Secret"
"Take a Bow"
"Bedtime Story"
"Human Nature"
"You'll See"
"One More Chance"
"Love Don't Live Here Anymore"
"You Must Love Me"
"Don't Cry for Me Argentina"
"Another Suitcase in Another Hall"
"Frozen"
"Ray of Light"
"Drowned World/Substitute for Love"
"The Power of Good-Bye"
"Nothing Really Matters"
"Beautiful Stranger"
2000s singles
"American Pie"
"Music"
"Don't Tell Me"
"What It Feels Like for a Girl"
"Die Another Day"
"American Life"
"Hollywood"
"Me Against the Music"
"Nothing Fails"
"Love Profusion"
"Hung Up"
"Sorry"
"Get Together"
"Jump"
"4 Minutes"
"Give It 2 Me"
"Miles Away"
"Celebration"
"Revolver"
2010s singles
"Give Me All Your Luvin'"
"Girl Gone Wild"
"Masterpiece"
"Turn Up the Radio"
"Living for Love"
"Ghosttown"
"Bitch I'm Madonna"
"Hold Tight"
"Medellín"
"Crave"
"I Rise"
2020s singles
"I Don't Search I Find"
"Levitating (The Blessed Madonna remix)"
"Frozen (Sickick remixes)"
"Break My Soul (The Queens remix)"
"Back That Up to the Beat"
"Popular"
"Vulgar"
Promotional singles
"You Can Dance (LP Cuts)"
"Erotic"
"I Want You"
"Sky Fits Heaven"
"Impressive Instant"
"GHV2 Megamix"
"Into the Hollywood Groove"
"Nobody Knows Me"
"Imagine"
"Hey You"
"Superstar"
"Future"
"Dark Ballet"
"Material Gworrllllllll"
"Hung Up on Tokischa"
Other songs recorded
"Santa Baby"
"Sooner or Later"
"Oh What a Circus"
"Sing"
"Beat Goes On"
"Gang Bang"
"I Don't Give A"
"Devil Pray"
"Unapologetic Bitch"
"Illuminati"
"Joan of Arc"
"Iconic"
"Holy Water"
"Wash All Over Me"
"Rebel Heart"
"God Control"
"Batuka"
Other songs written
"Sidewalk Talk"
"Each Time You Break My Heart"
"Just a Dream"
"Love Won't Wait"
"The Greatest Hit"
"Don't Wanna Lose This Feeling"
"Go Hard"
"Who's That Chick?"
"Mamacita"
Category
Template
vteGolden Globe Award for Best Original Song1960s
"Town Without Pity" – Music by Dimitri Tiomkin; Lyrics by Ned Washington (1961)
No Award (1962)
No Award (1963)
"Circus World" – Music by Dimitri Tiomkin; Lyrics by Ned Washington (1964)
"Forget Domani" – Music by Riz Ortolani; Lyrics by Norman Newell (1965)
"Strangers in the Night" – Music by Bert Kaempfert; Lyrics by Charles Singleton & Eddie Snyder (1966)
"If Ever I Would Leave You" – Music by Frederick Loewe; Lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner (1967)
"The Windmills of Your Mind" – Music by Michel Legrand; Lyrics by Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1968)
"Jean" – Music and Lyrics by Rod McKuen (1969)
1970s
"Whistling Away the Dark" – Music by Henry Mancini; Lyrics by Johnny Mercer (1970)
"Life Is What You Make It" – Music by Marvin Hamlisch; Lyrics by Johnny Mercer (1971)
"Ben" – Music by Walter Scharf; Lyrics by Don Black (1972)
"The Way We Were" – Music by Marvin Hamlisch; Lyrics by Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1973)
"I Feel Love" – Music by Euel Box; Lyrics by Betty Box (1974)
"I'm Easy" – Music and Lyrics by Keith Carradine (1975)
"Evergreen" – Music by Barbra Streisand; Lyrics by Paul Williams (1976)
"You Light Up My Life" – Music and Lyrics by Joseph Brooks (1977)
"Last Dance" – Music and Lyrics by Paul Jabara (1978)
"The Rose" – Music and Lyrics by Amanda McBroom (1979)
1980s
"Fame" – Music by Michael Gore; Lyrics by Dean Pitchford (1980)
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)" – Music and Lyrics by Peter Allen, Burt Bacharach, Christopher Cross & Carole Bayer Sager (1981)
"Up Where We Belong" – Music by Jack Nitzsche & Buffy Sainte-Marie; Lyrics by Wilbur Jennings (1982)
"Flashdance... What a Feeling" – Music by Giorgio Moroder; Lyrics by Irene Cara & Keith Forsey (1983)
"I Just Called to Say I Love You" – Music and Lyrics by Stevie Wonder (1984)
"Say You, Say Me" – Music and Lyrics by Lionel Richie (1985)
"Take My Breath Away" – Music by Giorgio Moroder; Lyrics by Tom Whitlock (1986)
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life" – Music by John DeNicola & Donald Markowitz; Lyrics by Franke Previte (1987)
"Let the River Run" – Music and Lyrics by Carly Simon / "Two Hearts" – Music by Lamont Dozier; Lyrics by Phil Collins (1988)
"Under the Sea" – Music by Alan Menken; Lyrics by Howard Ashman (1989)
1990s
"Blaze of Glory" – Music and Lyrics by Jon Bon Jovi (1990)
"Beauty and the Beast" – Music by Alan Menken; Lyrics by Howard Ashman (1991)
"A Whole New World" – Music by Alan Menken; Lyrics by Tim Rice (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia" – Music and Lyrics by Bruce Springsteen (1993)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight" – Music by Elton John; Lyrics by Tim Rice (1994)
"Colors of the Wind" – Music by Alan Menken; Lyrics by Stephen Schwartz (1995)
"You Must Love Me" – Music by Andrew Lloyd Webber; Lyrics by Tim Rice (1996)
"My Heart Will Go On" – Music by James Horner; Lyrics by Wilbur Jennings (1997)
"The Prayer" – Music and Lyrics by David Foster, Tony Renis, Carole Bayer Sager & Alberto Testa (1998)
"You'll Be in My Heart" – Music and Lyrics by Phil Collins (1999)
2000s
"Things Have Changed" – Music and Lyrics by Bob Dylan (2000)
"Until..." – Music and Lyrics by Sting (2001)
"The Hands That Built America" – Music and Lyrics by Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge & Larry Mullen Jr. (2002)
"Into the West" – Music and Lyrics by Annie Lennox, Howard Shore & Frances Walsh (2003)
"Old Habits Die Hard" – Music and Lyrics by Mick Jagger & David A. Stewart (2004)
"A Love That Will Never Grow Old" – Music by Gustavo Santaolalla; Lyrics by Bernie Taupin (2005)
"The Song of the Heart" – Music and Lyrics by Prince Rogers Nelson (2006)
"Guaranteed" – Music and Lyrics by Eddie Vedder (2007)
"The Wrestler" – Music and Lyrics by Bruce Springsteen (2008)
"The Weary Kind" – Music and Lyrics by Ryan Bingham & T Bone Burnett (2009)
2010s
"You Haven't Seen the Last of Me" – Music and lyrics by Diane Warren (2010)
"Masterpiece" – Music and lyrics by Madonna, Julie Frost & Jimmy Harry (2011)
"Skyfall" – Music and lyrics by Adele Adkins & Paul Epworth (2012)
"Ordinary Love" – Music and lyrics by Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, Larry Mullen Jr. & Danger Mouse (2013)
"Glory" – Music and lyrics by Common & John Legend (2014)
"Writing's on the Wall" – Music and lyrics by Sam Smith & Jimmy Napes (2015)
"City of Stars" – Music by Justin Hurwitz; lyrics by Benj Pasek & Justin Paul (2016)
"This Is Me" – Music and lyrics by Benj Pasek & Justin Paul (2017)
"Shallow" – Music and lyrics by Lady Gaga, Mark Ronson, Anthony Rossomando & Andrew Wyatt (2018)
"(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again" – Music by Elton John; lyrics by Bernie Taupin (2019)
2020s
"Io sì (Seen)" – Music by Diane Warren; Lyrics by Diane Warren, Laura Pausini & Niccolò Agliardi (2020)
"No Time to Die" – Music and Lyrics by Billie Eilish & Finneas O'Connell (2021)
"Naatu Naatu" – Music by M. M. Keeravani; Lyrics by Chandrabose (2022)
"What Was I Made For?" – Music and Lyrics by Billie Eilish O'Connell and Finneas O'Connell (2023)
Complete List
(1960s)
(1970s)
(1980s)
(1990s)
(2000s)
(2010s)
(2020s)
Authority control databases
MusicBrainz release group
MusicBrainz work
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Madonna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna"},{"link_name":"W.E.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.E."},{"link_name":"MDNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDNA_(album)"},{"link_name":"Julie Frost","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Frost"},{"link_name":"Jimmy Harry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Harry"},{"link_name":"William Orbit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Orbit"},{"link_name":"pop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music"},{"link_name":"folk-pop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk-pop"},{"link_name":"ballad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballad"},{"link_name":"Best Original Song","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song"},{"link_name":"69th Golden Globe Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/69th_Golden_Globe_Awards"},{"link_name":"similar category","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song"},{"link_name":"84th Academy Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/84th_Academy_Awards"},{"link_name":"red carpet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_carpet"},{"link_name":"Elton John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elton_John"},{"link_name":"The MDNA Tour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MDNA_Tour"},{"link_name":"Basque musicians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_music"},{"link_name":"Kalakan trio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalakan_(band)"}],"text":"2012 single by Madonna\"Masterpiece\" is a song by American singer Madonna for the soundtrack of the 2011 film W.E. The song was later included on her twelfth studio album MDNA (2012). It served official radio release in the United Kingdom on April 2, 2012, to promote the album. Madonna composed the song alongside Julie Frost and Jimmy Harry, and produced it with William Orbit. \"Masterpiece\" is a midtempo pop and folk-pop ballad which is reminiscent of her works from the 1990s. The song garnered positive reviews from contemporary critics, who praised its lyrical content and Madonna's vocal performance.\"Masterpiece\" won the Best Original Song category at the 69th Golden Globe Awards, but was deemed ineligible for the similar category at the 84th Academy Awards. Its Golden Globe nomination sparked a red carpet rivalry between Madonna and fellow nominee, singer Elton John. \"Masterpiece\" peaked at number one in Russia, while reaching the lower regions of the charts in the Czech Republic, Japan, South Korea and the United Kingdom. It was performed by Madonna on The MDNA Tour (2012), where she was accompanied by Basque musicians Kalakan trio. The performance was considered a highlight of the tour.","title":"Masterpiece (Madonna song)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Julie Frost","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Frost"},{"link_name":"Jimmy Harry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Harry"},{"link_name":"William Orbit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Orbit"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gg-1"},{"link_name":"W.E.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.E."},{"link_name":"Guy Oseary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Oseary"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gg-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wbez-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wbez-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-epk-4"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wbez-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-epk-4"},{"link_name":"my record","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDNA_(album)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gg-1"}],"text":"\"Masterpiece\" was composed by Madonna, Julie Frost and Jimmy Harry and produced by Madonna and William Orbit.[1] When Madonna was directing her film W.E., her manager Guy Oseary persuaded the singer to compose a song for the soundtrack.[1] Frost was living in Los Angeles at that time and was assessing her priorities in the music world, and wanted to collaborate with a number of artists, Madonna being the first.[2] \"She is an icon\", Frost said, \"But most importantly she has some of the best Pop songs in the history of music... so yeah it's always a dream to work with people like her.\"[2] Orbit, who was working with Frost and Harry on an assignment, contacted them for collaborating with Madonna on \"Masterpiece\".[3] He had heard Frost's initial composition of the song and knew that Madonna would love it.[4] According to Frost the theme explained to them was about bittersweet love and the hardships felt being in a relationship. Madonna, Frost and Harry sat together with this idea and brainstormed and came up with the lyrics and the melody. Over time, Madonna changed the structure of the song and the final version was ready for recording.[2][4] Madonna recalled:\"[Guy Oseary] harangued me for the entire time I was filming and editing my movie to write a song. And I said, 'Please, Guy, I'm trying to focus on being a director and I want people to pay attention to the film and I don't have time.' So then I finished the film and I started making my record and somehow magically and miraculously the song emerged, 'Masterpiece,' so thank you, Guy Oseary, for being so irritating.\"[1]","title":"Writing and development"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"Masterpiece\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Madonna_-_Masterpiece.ogg"},{"link_name":"chorus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrain"},{"link_name":"media help","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Media"},{"link_name":"pop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music"},{"link_name":"folk-pop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk-pop"},{"link_name":"ballad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballad"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-epk-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-yahoo-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Los Angeles, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California"},{"link_name":"MSR Studios","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSR_Studios"},{"link_name":"New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-liner-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"acoustic guitars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_guitar"},{"link_name":"keyboards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_instrument"},{"link_name":"vocoder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocoder"},{"link_name":"programming","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_(music)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-liner-7"},{"link_name":"mixed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_mixing_(recorded_music)"},{"link_name":"engineered","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_engineering"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-liner-7"},{"link_name":"protools editing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_Tools"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-liner-7"},{"link_name":"Mona Lisa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Lisa"},{"link_name":"Louvre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MUHM-9"},{"link_name":"Wallis Simpson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallis_Simpson"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-yahoo-5"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"production","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction"},{"link_name":"chorus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrain"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"\"Masterpiece\"\n\nA 23 second sample of \"Masterpiece\", featuring the chorus of the song with lyrics \"And I'm right by your side, Like a thief in the night, I stand in front of a masterpiece\".\nProblems playing this file? See media help.\"Masterpiece\" is a midtempo pop and folk-pop ballad featuring basic recording and production by Orbit.[4][5][6] It was recorded in two locations, 3:20 Studios, Los Angeles, California and MSR Studios, New York, New York.[7] Madonna reflected on the recording sessions with Orbit: \"We've worked on stuff for so many years that we kind of finish each other's sentences. He knows my taste and what I like. Magic happens when we get into a recording studio together.\"[8] Additional production came from Harry, who also played acoustic guitars, keyboards, vocoder and did the programming for the track.[7] Demacio \"Demo\" Castellon mixed and engineered the song with help from Frank Filipetti, while Angie Teo did additional engineering and editing.[7] Other personnel working on \"Masterpiece\" was Ron Taylor who did protools editing and further editing from Stephen \"The Koz\" Kozmeniuk.[7]In \"Masterpiece\", Madonna sings about the pain of being in love with someone who is a great work of art, with the lyrics including \"If you were the Mona Lisa, You'd be hanging in the Louvre, Everyone would come to see you, You'd be impossible to move.\"[9] Madonna said the song describes Wallis Simpson and is \"about a woman who has fallen in love with this untouchable thing, this man that was raised to be king. One of the lines of the song 'it must be so hard to always be the chosen one.' At the end of the day nothing is indestructible, no matter how high you might rise in the world you are still a human being.\"[5] Marc Schneider from Billboard described \"Masterpiece\" as a slowed-down, moody ballad that showcases strong execution of vocals from Madonna. He described the production as \"simple, direct and reminiscent of her sound in the 1990s\". The lyrics were described as emotional, and was comparable to the film's love story, with the chorus as follows: \"And I'm right by your side, Like a thief in the night, I stand in front of a masterpiece. And I can't tell you why it hurts so much to be in love with a masterpiece. 'Cause after all, nothing's indestructible\".[10]","title":"Recording and composition"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"music critics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_journalism"},{"link_name":"MTV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"sic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"The Guardian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"The Daily Telegraph","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Entertainment Weekly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"The National","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_National_(Abu_Dhabi)"},{"link_name":"Something to Remember","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_to_Remember"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Blogcritics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogcritics"},{"link_name":"Ray of Light","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_of_Light"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Idolator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idolator_(website)"},{"link_name":"American Life","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Life"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MUHM-9"},{"link_name":"Digital Spy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Spy"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"text":"\"Masterpiece\" received acclaim from music critics. Bradley Stern from MTV wrote that \"with its poetic lyrics and gorgeous orchestration, \"Masterpiece\" is an instant classic addition to Madonna's back catalog of stellar balladry.\"[11] Another review from MTV stated that \"the song doesn't follow Madonna's usual style of sexy, energetic and mischievious [sic], rather it shows Madge's wisdom of naked beauty with stripped down vocals, strong penned lyrics and haunting melodies.\"[12] Michael Cragg from The Guardian praised the song as one of the best vocal performances on MDNA.[13] Neil McCormick from The Daily Telegraph described the song as \"sweet, gentle love song with a Spanish guitar loop, a light beat and flowing melody, filled out by synthetic strings.\"[14]Kyle Anderson of Entertainment Weekly described the song as a throwback to Madonna's mid-1990s style.[15] Nick Levine from The National felt that the song would fit neatly onto her 1995 ballads compilation Something to Remember.[16] Blogcritics editor Tyrone S. Reid called the song a \"slow-burning instant classic,\" which recalls Madonna's Ray of Light era.[17] A writer for Idolator website said that the song's minimal production \"remind[s] us very much of Madge's American Life days, allowing us to focus on the lovely lyrics and Madonna's gorgeous vocals. All in all, a terrific effort that bodes well for [MDNA].\"[9] Robert Copsey from Digital Spy felt that the song's production is more \"organic\" and \"it doesn't try to be anything other than a solid pop song.\"[18]","title":"Critical response"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Madonna_@_69th_Annual_Golden_Globes_Awards_cropped.jpg"},{"link_name":"Best Original Song","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song"},{"link_name":"69th Golden Globe Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/69th_Golden_Globe_Awards"},{"link_name":"Best Original Song","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song"},{"link_name":"69th Golden Globe Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/69th_Golden_Globe_Awards"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gg-1"},{"link_name":"red carpet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_carpet"},{"link_name":"Elton John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elton_John"},{"link_name":"Gnomeo & Juliet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnomeo_%26_Juliet"},{"link_name":"Carson Daly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson_Daly"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Daly-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-win-20"},{"link_name":"David Furnish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Furnish"},{"link_name":"Facebook","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-usmagazine-21"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-usmagazine-21"},{"link_name":"Best Original Song","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song"},{"link_name":"84th Academy Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/84th_Academy_Awards"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Best Original Song Written Directly for a Film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Soundtrack_Award_for_Best_Original_Song_Written_Directly_for_a_Film"},{"link_name":"World Soundtrack Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Soundtrack_Awards"},{"link_name":"Albert Nobbs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Nobbs"},{"link_name":"Brian Byrne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Byrne"},{"link_name":"Glenn Close","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Close"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"}],"text":"Madonna received the trophy for Best Original Song at the 69th Golden Globe Awards.On January 15, 2012, \"Masterpiece\" won the Best Original Song category at the 69th Golden Globe Awards.[1] Its nomination sparked rivalrous comments on the red carpet from fellow singer Elton John, whose song—\"Hello, Hello\" from Gnomeo & Juliet—was also nominated in the category. John told host Carson Daly that Madonna \"hasn't got a fucking chance\" of winning the award.[19] When Madonna later had her red carpet interview with Daly, she took swipes at John's masculinity first, asking about his wardrobe: \"Was he wearing a dress?\" and after being informed of his comments stating, \"May the best man win\".[20]Subsequent to the announcement, John's husband, David Furnish, opined on his personal Facebook page that \"Madonna winning Best Original Song truly shows how these awards have nothing to do with merit\".[21] Madonna commented backstage: \"I hope [Elton John] speaks to me for the next couple of years. He's been known to get mad at me so I don't know. He's brilliant and I adore him so he'll win another award. I don't feel bad!\"[21]\"Masterpiece\" was ineligible for the Best Original Song category at the 84th Academy Awards, since it was not \"used either in the body of the film, or as the 'first music cue' in the closing credits (i.e. the first song that plays once the screen fades to black).\"[22] It was used too late in the film credits to be eligible.[23] \"Masterpiece\" was also nominated for Best Original Song Written Directly for a Film at the 2012 World Soundtrack Awards, but lost to Albert Nobbs theme \"Lay Your Head Down\" by Brian Byrne and Glenn Close.[24]","title":"Accolades"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"UK Airplay Chart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Music_Charts"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ukairplay-27"},{"link_name":"UK Singles Chart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart"},{"link_name":"digital download","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_download"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-occ-28"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"Japan Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Hot_100"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-japan-30"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-czech-33"},{"link_name":"Gaon International Downloads Chart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaon_Chart"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gaon-34"},{"link_name":"Russian Music Charts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Music_Charts"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-russiaweek-35"},{"link_name":"radio plays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplay"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-russiayear-36"}],"text":"\"Masterpiece\" was released to radio stations the United Kingdom on April 2, 2012.[25][26] The song reached number 25 on the UK Airplay Chart with 26.60 million audience impressions and 660 plays on radio during the eleventh week of 2012.[27] The song later debuted at number 68 on the UK Singles Chart for issue date of April 7, 2012, due to digital download of the track from MDNA.[28] The next week was its final appearance on the chart, dropping at number 87.[29] In Japan, the song debuted at number 77 on the Japan Hot 100 chart on the issue date of February 13, 2012 and remained on the chart for one week.[30] The song also debuted on the Japanese Hot Top Airplay at number 58 as well as on the Digital and Airplay Overseas at number 19.[31][32] In Czech Republic, the song debuted at number 83 on the official airplay chart for the ninth week of 2012. It peaked at number 58 in its seventh week and stayed on the chart for 12 weeks.[33] In South Korea, the song debuted at number 147 on the Gaon International Downloads Chart with sales of 2,516 copies.[34] The song achieved its strongest chart performance in Russia, where it topped the Russian Music Charts in the week of December 2, 2012.[35] It became the sixth most successful song of 2012 with 409,334 radio plays across Russia.[36]","title":"Chart performance"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MDNA_SCN1600_748550233.jpg"},{"link_name":"Kalakan trio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalakan_(band)"},{"link_name":"The MDNA Tour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MDNA_Tour"},{"link_name":"The MDNA Tour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MDNA_Tour"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-spin-37"},{"link_name":"Hervé Léger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herve_Leger"},{"link_name":"Max Azria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Azria"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"Open Your Heart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Your_Heart_(Madonna_song)"},{"link_name":"Basque musicians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_music"},{"link_name":"Kalakan trio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalakan_(band)"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"Miami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami"},{"link_name":"American Airlines Arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Arena"},{"link_name":"MDNA World Tour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDNA_World_Tour_(album)"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mdnavid-42"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"},{"link_name":"The Boston Globe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boston_Globe"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"The Atlanta Journal-Constitution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"The Glasgow Herald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Herald_(Glasgow)"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"}],"text":"Madonna, flanked by her dancers and the Kalakan trio at the back, performs \"Masterpiece\" during The MDNA TourMadonna performed \"Masterpiece\" at The MDNA Tour in 2012. It was a part of the third segment of the concert, titled Prophecy, where a mix of joyful songs that \"bring people together\" were performed.[37] The wardrobe during the performance included an all-leather look, a custom design by Hervé Léger and Max Azria, with knee-high boots and a mini fur bolero.[38] After finishing an energetic performance of \"Open Your Heart\", Madonna is joined by Basque musicians Kalakan trio and they perform a Basque song called \"Sagarra Jo\".[39] After that, Madonna sat down to sing an acoustic guitar, fiddle, and beat-based version of \"Masterpiece\", as clips from W.E. appeared in the backdrops.[40] The Kalakan trio backed the singer during the performance, while her dancers accompanied Madonna on stage, dressed as soldiers.[41] The performance of the song at the November 19–20, 2012, shows in Miami, at the American Airlines Arena were recorded and released in Madonna's fourth live album, MDNA World Tour.[42][43]Sarah Rodman from The Boston Globe felt that the addition of the Kalakan trio \"enriched\" the song, which was already a stand-out track from MDNA.[44] The Atlanta Journal-Constitution's Melissa Ruggieri considered it the show's highlight,[45] while a writer for The Glasgow Herald felt that the performance invigorated Madonna's artistic side.[46]","title":"Live performance"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-liner-7"}],"text":"Credits and personnel adapted from the liner notes of MDNA.[7]","title":"Credits and personnel"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Los Angeles, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles"},{"link_name":"MSR Studios","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSR_Studios"},{"link_name":"New York City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"ASCAP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Composers,_Authors_and_Publishers"}],"sub_title":"Management","text":"Recorded at 3:20 Studios, Los Angeles, California and MSR Studios, New York City\nWebo Girl Publishing, Inc. (ASCAP), EMI April Music Inc., Totally Famous Music and Curvature Music (ASCAP),","title":"Credits and personnel"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Madonna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna"},{"link_name":"songwriter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songwriter"},{"link_name":"producer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_producer"},{"link_name":"vocals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singing"},{"link_name":"Julie Frost","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Frost"},{"link_name":"Jimmy Harry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Harry"},{"link_name":"acoustic guitars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_guitar"},{"link_name":"keyboards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_instrument"},{"link_name":"vocoder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocoder"},{"link_name":"programming","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_(music)"},{"link_name":"William Orbit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Orbit"},{"link_name":"mixing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_mixing_(recorded_music)"},{"link_name":"engineering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_engineering"},{"link_name":"protools editing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_Tools"}],"sub_title":"Personnel","text":"Madonna – songwriter, producer, vocals\nJulie Frost – songwriter\nJimmy Harry – songwriter, additional production, acoustic guitars, keyboards, vocoder, programming\nWilliam Orbit – producer\nDemacio \"Demo\" Castellon – mixing, engineering\nFrank Filipetti – engineering\nAngie Teo – engineering, additional editing\nRon Taylor – protools editing\nStephen \"The Koz\" Kozmeniuk – additional editing","title":"Credits and personnel"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masterpiece_(Madonna_song)&action=edit§ion=11"},{"link_name":"CIS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States"},{"link_name":"TopHit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TopHit"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_CIS_Madonna-47"},{"link_name":"Rádio – Top 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_%E2%80%93_Top_100_(Czech_Republic)"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-czech-33"},{"link_name":"RÚV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%9AV"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"},{"link_name":"Japan Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Hot_100"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-japan-30"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_charts"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-russiaweek-35"},{"link_name":"GAON","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaon_Music_Chart"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gaon-34"},{"link_name":"UK Singles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart"},{"link_name":"OCC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Charts_Company"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-occ-28"},{"link_name":"TopHit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TopHit"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Ukraine_-50"},{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masterpiece_(Madonna_song)&action=edit§ion=12"},{"link_name":"TopHit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TopHit"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CISyearend-51"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-russiayear-36"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CISyearend2013-53"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55"}],"text":"Weekly charts[edit]\n\nWeekly chart performance for \"Masterpiece\"\n\n\nChart (2012)\n\nPeakposition\n\n\nCIS (TopHit)[47]\n\n2\n\n\nCzech Republic (Rádio – Top 100)[33]\n\n58\n\n\nIceland (RÚV)[48]\n\n28\n\n\nJapan (Japan Hot 100)[30]\n\n77\n\n\nRussia (Billboard)[49]\n\n1\n\n\nRussia Airplay (TopHit)[35]\n\n1\n\n\nSouth Korea International (GAON)[34]\n\n147\n\n\nUK Singles (OCC)[28]\n\n68\n\n\nUkraine Airplay (TopHit)[50]\n\n16\n\n\n\nYear-end charts[edit]\n\n2012 year-end chart performance for \"Masterpiece\"\n\n\nChart (2012)\n\nPosition\n\n\nCIS (TopHit)[51]\n\n7\n\n\nRussia Airplay (TopHit)[36]\n\n6\n\n\nUkraine Airplay (TopHit)[52]\n\n62\n\n\n2013 year-end chart performance for \"Masterpiece\"\n\n\nChart (2013)\n\nPosition\n\n\nCIS (TopHit)[53]\n\n74\n\n\nRussia Airplay (TopHit)[54]\n\n83\n\n\nUkraine Airplay (TopHit)[55]\n\n104","title":"Charts"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Release history"}]
|
[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Madonna received the trophy for Best Original Song at the 69th Golden Globe Awards.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Madonna_%40_69th_Annual_Golden_Globes_Awards_cropped.jpg/170px-Madonna_%40_69th_Annual_Golden_Globes_Awards_cropped.jpg"},{"image_text":"Madonna, flanked by her dancers and the Kalakan trio at the back, performs \"Masterpiece\" during The MDNA Tour","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/MDNA_SCN1600_748550233.jpg/220px-MDNA_SCN1600_748550233.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"Vena, Jocelyn (January 15, 2012). \"Madonna's 'Masterpiece' Wins The Golden Globe\". MTV News. Retrieved January 16, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1677336/golden-globes-2012-madonna-best-original-song-masterpiece.jhtml","url_text":"\"Madonna's 'Masterpiece' Wins The Golden Globe\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_News","url_text":"MTV News"}]},{"reference":"Eight Forty-Eight (February 6, 2012). \"Julie Frost talks about Golden Globe-winning collaboration with Madonna\". WBEZ. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20130416051538/http://www.wbez.org/episode-segments/2012-02-06/julie-frost-talks-about-golden-globe-winning-collaboration-madonna-96142","url_text":"\"Julie Frost talks about Golden Globe-winning collaboration with Madonna\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBEZ","url_text":"WBEZ"},{"url":"http://www.wbez.org/episode-segments/2012-02-06/julie-frost-talks-about-golden-globe-winning-collaboration-madonna-96142","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Williams, Colleen (February 1, 2012). \"(daily news)\". Nonstop News LA. Los Angeles. Event occurs at 15:30 (minutes=1:51–3:23). NBC Nonstop.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cozi_TV","url_text":"NBC Nonstop"}]},{"reference":"Madonna (2012). Madonna – MDNA Electronic Press Kit Featuring William Orbit, Martin Solveig, Benny Benassi (Streaming, Digital download). Interscope Records. Event occurs at 6:31–7:00.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna","url_text":"Madonna"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media","url_text":"Streaming"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_download","url_text":"Digital download"}]},{"reference":"Schou, Solvej (December 15, 2011). \"Madonna Lands Golden Globe Nomination\". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on July 15, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20120715184643/http://omg.yahoo.com/blogs/golden-globes/madonna-lands-golden-globe-nomination-164858578.html","url_text":"\"Madonna Lands Golden Globe Nomination\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_News","url_text":"Yahoo! News"},{"url":"http://omg.yahoo.com/blogs/golden-globes/madonna-lands-golden-globe-nomination-164858578.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Pareles, Jon (March 26, 2012). \"'MDNA,' Madonna's 12th Studio Album\". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 14, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120414174910/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/27/arts/music/mdna-madonnas-12th-studio-album.html?_r=1","url_text":"\"'MDNA,' Madonna's 12th Studio Album\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times","url_text":"The New York Times"},{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/27/arts/music/mdna-madonnas-12th-studio-album.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"MDNA (Liner notes). Madonna. Interscope Records. 2012. p. 18. B00756GKBA.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDNA_(album)","url_text":"MDNA"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interscope_Records","url_text":"Interscope Records"}]},{"reference":"Vena, Jocelyn (January 27, 2012). \"Madonna Calls M.D.N.A. 'Action-Packed'\". MTV News. Retrieved June 15, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1678009/madonna-mdna-masterpiece.jhtml","url_text":"\"Madonna Calls M.D.N.A. 'Action-Packed'\""}]},{"reference":"Idolator Staff (December 3, 2011). \"Madonna Unveils Her 'Masterpiece'\". Idolator. Retrieved December 5, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://idolator.com/6100542/madonna-unveils-her-masterpiece","url_text":"\"Madonna Unveils Her 'Masterpiece'\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idolator_(website)","url_text":"Idolator"}]},{"reference":"Schneider, Marc (December 15, 2011). \"Madonna's 'W.E.' Lands 2 Golden Globe Nominations\". Billboard. Retrieved December 15, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/464716/madonna-trent-reznor-land-golden-globe-nominations","url_text":"\"Madonna's 'W.E.' Lands 2 Golden Globe Nominations\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)","url_text":"Billboard"}]},{"reference":"Stern, Bradley (March 26, 2012). \"'MDNA' Track-By-Track Review: A Cheat Sheet To Madonna's New Album\". MTV News. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved July 13, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20120713003718/http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2012/03/26/madonna-mdna-album-review/","url_text":"\"'MDNA' Track-By-Track Review: A Cheat Sheet To Madonna's New Album\""},{"url":"http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2012/03/26/madonna-mdna-album-review/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Madonna's Newest 'Masterpiece' Song Leaks Online\". MTV News. December 5, 2011. Archived from the original on September 11, 2012. 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April 5, 2012. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013. Retrieved April 6, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130316222941/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/online/download/list.gaon?nationGbn=E","url_text":"가온차트와 함께하세요"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaon_Chart","url_text":"Gaon Chart"},{"url":"http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/online/download/list.gaon?nationGbn=E","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Weekly Airplay Top Hit 100 Russia\" (in Russian). TopHit. December 2, 2012. Archived from the original on April 27, 2016. 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|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saami_languages
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Sámi languages
|
["1 Classification","2 Geographic distribution","3 History","4 Written languages and sociolinguistic situation","5 Orthographies","5.1 Availability","6 Official status","6.1 Norway","6.2 Sweden","6.3 Finland","6.4 Russia","7 See also","8 References","9 Sources","10 External links"]
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Uralic languages spoken by the Sami people
Not to be confused with Saam language, Sama language, or Samo language.
SámiSami, Saami, SamicNative toFinland, Norway, Russia, and SwedenRegionSápmiEthnicitySámiNative speakers(30,000 cited 1992–2013)Language familyUralic
Finno-Ugric?Finno-Permic?Finno-Volgaic?Finno-Samic?SámiEarly formProto-Sámi
Official statusOfficial language inNorway; recognized as a minority language in several municipalities of Finland and Sweden.Language codesISO 639-2smiISO 639-3Variously:sma – Southernsju – Umesje – Pitesmj – Lulesme – Northernsjk – Kemismn – Inarisms – Skoltsia – Akkalasjd – Kildinsjt – TerGlottologsaam1281Recent distribution of the Sami languages: 1. Southern Sami, 2. Ume Sami, 3. Pite Sami, 4. Lule Sami, 5. Northern Sami, 6. Inari Sami, 7. Skolt Sami, 8. Kildin Sami, 9. Ter Sami. Striped areas are multilingual or overlapping.
This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.
Sámi languages (/ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee), in English also rendered as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by the Indigenous Sámi people in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden, and extreme northwestern Russia). There are, depending on the nature and terms of division, ten or more Sami languages. Several spellings have been used for the Sámi languages, including Sámi, Sami, Saami, Saame, Sámic, Samic and Saamic, as well as the exonyms Lappish and Lappic. The last two, along with the term Lapp, are now often considered pejorative.
Classification
The Sámi languages form a branch of the Uralic language family. According to the traditional view, Sámi is within the Uralic family most closely related to the Finnic languages (Sammallahti 1998). However, this view has recently been doubted by some scholars who argue that the traditional view of a common Finno-Sami protolanguage is not as strongly supported as had been earlier assumed, and that the similarities may stem from an areal influence on Sámi from Finnic.
In terms of internal relationships, the Sámi languages are traditionally divided into the two groups of western and eastern. The groups may be further divided into various subgroups and ultimately individual languages. (Sammallahti 1998: 6-38.) Recently it has been proposed on the basis of (1) different sound substitutions seen between the Sámi languages in the Proto-Scandinavian loanwords and (2) historical phonology that the first unit to branch off from Late Proto-Sámi was Southern Proto-Sámi, from which descend South Sámi, Ume Sámi, and Gävle Sámi (extinct during the 19th century).
Parts of the Sámi language area form a dialect continuum in which the neighbouring languages may be mutually intelligible to a fair degree, but two more widely separated groups will not understand each other's speech. There are, however, some sharp language boundaries, in particular between Northern Sami, Inari Sami and Skolt Sami, the speakers of which are not able to understand each other without learning or long practice. The evolution of sharp language boundaries seems to suggest a relative isolation of the language speakers from each other and not very intensive contacts between the respective speakers in the past. There is some significance in this, as the geographical barriers between the respective speakers are no different from those in other parts of the Sámi area.
Sámi
Eastern Sámi
Mainland Eastern Sámi
Akkala Sámi †
Inari Sámi (300 speakers)
Kemi Sámi †
Kainuu Sámi †
Skolt Sámi (320 speakers)
Peninsular Eastern Sámi
Kildin Sámi (600 speakers)
Ter Sámi (2 speakers)
Western Sámi
Central Western Sámi
Lule–Pite Sámi
Lule Sámi (1,000–2,000 speakers)
Pite Sámi (20 speakers)
Northern Sámi (26,000 speakers)
Southwestern Sámi
Southern Sámi (600 speakers)
Ume Sámi (20 speakers)
The above figures are approximate.
This map shows the geographic distribution of Sámi languages and offers some additional information, such as number of native Sámi speakers and locations of the Sámi parliaments.
Administrative living areas and municipalities that recognise Sámi as an official language in the Nordic Countries
Sami languages and settlements in Russia: Skolt (Russian Notozersky) Akkala (Russian Babinsky) Kildin Ter
Geographic distribution
The Sami languages are spoken in Sápmi in Northern Europe, in a region stretching over the four countries Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia, reaching from the southern part of central Scandinavia in the southwest to the tip of the Kola Peninsula in the east. The borders between the languages do not align with the ones separating the region's modern states.
During the Middle Ages and early modern period, now-extinct Sami languages were also spoken in the central and southern parts of Finland and Karelia and in a wider area on the Scandinavian Peninsula. Historical documents as well as Finnish and Karelian oral tradition contain many mentions of the earlier Sami inhabitation in these areas (Itkonen, 1947). Also, loanwords as well as place-names of Sami origin in the southern dialects of Finnish and Karelian dialects testify of earlier Sami presence in the area (Koponen, 1996; Saarikivi, 2004; Aikio, 2007). These Sami languages, however, became extinct later, under the wave of the Finno-Karelian agricultural expansion.
History
The Proto-Samic language is believed to have formed in the vicinity of the Gulf of Finland between 1000 BC to 700 AD, deriving from a common Proto-Sami-Finnic language (M. Korhonen 1981). However, reconstruction of any basic proto-languages in the Uralic family have reached a level close to or identical to Proto-Uralic (Salminen 1999). According to the comparative linguist Ante Aikio, the Proto-Samic language developed in South Finland or in Karelia around 2000–2500 years ago, spreading then to northern Fennoscandia. The language is believed to have expanded west and north into Fennoscandia during the Nordic Iron Age, reaching central Scandinavia during the Proto-Scandinavian period ca. 500 AD (Bergsland 1996). The language assimilated several strata of unknown Paleo-European languages from the early hunter-gatherers, first during the Proto-Sami phase and second in the subsequent expansion of the language in the west and the north of Fennoscandia that is part of modern Sami today. (Aikio 2004, Aikio 2006).
Written languages and sociolinguistic situation
At present there are nine living Sami languages. Eight of the languages have independent literary languages; the other one has no written standard, and of it, there are only a few, mainly elderly, speakers left. The ISO 639-2 code for all Sami languages without their own code is "smi". The eight written languages are:
Northern Sami (Norway, Sweden, Finland): With an estimated 15,000 speakers, this accounts for probably more than 75% of all Sami speakers in 2002. ISO 639-1/ISO 639-2: se/sme
Lule Sami (Norway, Sweden): The second largest group with an estimated 1,500 speakers. ISO 639-2: smj
Ume Sami (Norway, Sweden): likely has under 20 speakers left. ISO 639-2: smu
Pite Sami has about 30–50 speakers, ISO 639-2: sje
Southern Sami (Norway, Sweden): 500 speakers (estimated). ISO 639-2: sma
Inari Sami (Enare Sami) (Inari, Finland): 500 speakers (estimated). SIL code: LPI, ISO 639-2: smn
Skolt Sami (Näätämö and the Nellim-Keväjärvi districts, Inari municipality, Finland, also spoken in Russia, previously in Norway): 400 speakers (estimated). SIL code: LPK, ISO 639-2: sms
Kildin Sami (Kola Peninsula, Russia): 608 speakers in Murmansk Oblast, 179 in other Russian regions, although 1991 persons stated their Saami ethnicity (1769 of them live in Murmansk Oblast) SIL code: LPD, ISO 639-3: sjd
The other Sami languages are critically endangered (moribund, have very few speakers left) or extinct. Ten speakers of Ter Sami were known to be alive in 2004. The last speaker of Akkala Sami is known to have died in December 2003, and the eleventh attested variety, Kemi Sami, became extinct in the 19th century. An additional Sami language, Kainuu Sami, became extinct in the 18th century, and probably belonged to the Eastern group like Kemi Sami, although the evidence for the language is limited.
Orthographies
Main article: Sámi orthography
Sami Primer, USSR 1933
Most Sámi languages use Latin alphabets, with these respective additional letters.
Northern Sámi:
Áá Čč Đđ Ŋŋ Šš Ŧŧ Žž
Inari Sámi:
Áá Ââ Ää Čč Đđ Ŋŋ Šš Žž
Skolt Sámi:
Ââ Čč Ʒʒ Ǯǯ Đđ Ǧǧ Ǥǥ Ǩǩ Ŋŋ Õõ Šš Žž Åå Ää
Lule Sámi (Sweden):
Áá Åå Ŋŋ Ää
Lule Sámi (Norway):
Áá Åå Ŋŋ Ææ
Southern Sámi (Sweden):
Ïï Ää Öö Åå
Southern Sámi (Norway):
Ïï Ææ Øø Åå
Ume Sámi:
Áá Đđ Ïï Ŋŋ Ŧŧ Üü Åå Ää Öö
Pite Sámi:
Áá Đđ Ŋŋ Ŧŧ Åå Ää
The use of Ææ and Øø in Norway vs. Ää and Öö in Sweden merely reflects the orthographic standards used in the Norwegian and Swedish alphabets, respectively, not differences in pronunciations.
The letter Đ in Sámi languages is a capital D with a bar across it (Unicode code point: U+0110), which is also used in Serbo-Croatian, Vietnamese, etc., not the near-identical capital eth (Ð; U+00D0) used in Icelandic, Faroese or Old English.
Sámi languages tend to prefer the N-form eng for the uppercase letter.The capital letter Ŋ (eng) is commonly presented in Sámi languages using the "N-form" variant based the usual Latin uppercase N with a hook added. Unicode assigns code point U+014A to the uppercase eng, but does not prescribe the form of the glyph.
The Skolt Sámi standard uses ʹ (U+02B9) as a soft sign, but other apostrophes, such as ' (U+0027), ˊ (U+02CA) or ´ (U+00B4), are also sometimes used in published texts.
The Kildin Sámi orthography uses the Russian Cyrillic script with these additional letters: А̄а̄ Ӓӓ Е̄е̄ Ё̄ё̄ Һһ/ʼ Ӣӣ Јј/Ҋҋ Ӆӆ Ӎӎ Ӊӊ Ӈӈ О̄о̄ Ҏҏ Ӯӯ Ҍҍ Э̄э̄ Ӭӭ Ю̄ю̄ Я̄я̄
Availability
In December 2023, Apple has provided on-screen keyboards for all eight Sámi languages still spoken (with iOS and iPadOS releases 17.2), thus enabling Sámi speakers to use their language on iPhones and iPads without restrictions or difficulties.
Sámi on-screen keyboards on iPhones
Inari Sámi
Kildin Sámi
Lule Sámi
Northern Sámi
Pite Sámi (apparently faulty in iOS/iPadOS 17.2, missing đ/ŧ)
Skolt Sámi
Southern Sámi
Ume Sámi
The Finnish SFS 5966 keyboard standard of 2008 is designed for easily typing Sámi languages through use of AltGr and dead diacritic keys.
Original SFS-5966 layout; dead diacritic keys in red
Official status
Norway
A t-shirt for the Norwegian Labour Party. From top to bottom: Northern Saami, Lule Saami, and Southern Saami.
Adopted in April 1988, Article 110a of the Norwegian Constitution states: "It is the responsibility of the authorities of the State to create conditions enabling the Sami people to preserve and develop its language, culture and way of life". The Sami Language Act went into effect in the 1990s. Sámi is an official language alongside Norwegian in the "administrative area for Sámi language", that includes eight municipalities in the northern half of Norway, namely Kautokeino Municipality, Karasjok Municipality, Kåfjord Municipality, Nesseby Municipality, Porsanger Municipality, Tana Municipality, Tysfjord Municipality, Lavangen Municipality, and Snåsa Municipality. In 2005 Sámi, Kven, Romanes and Romani were recognised as "regional or minority languages" in Norway within the framework of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.
Sweden
A trilingual road sign for Jokkmokk. From top to bottom: Swedish, Lule Saami, Northern Saami
On 1 April 2000, Sami became one of five recognized minority languages in Sweden. It can be used in dealing with public authorities in Arjeplog Municipality, Gällivare Municipality, Jokkmokk Municipality, and Kiruna Municipality. In 2011, this list was enlarged considerably. In Sweden the University of Umeå teaches North, Ume and South Sami, and Uppsala University has courses in North, Lule and South Sami.
Finland
A quadrilingual street sign in Inari in (from top to bottom) Finnish, Northern Saami, Inari Saami, and Skolt Saami. Inari is the only municipality in Finland with 4 official languages.
Sami speakers in Finland 1980-2010.
In Finland, the Sami language act of 1991 granted the Northern, Inari, and Skolt Sami the right to use their languages for all government services. The Sami Language Act of 2003 (Northern Sami: Sámi giellaláhka; Inari Sami: Säämi kielâlaahâ; Skolt Sami: Sääʹmǩiõll-lääʹǩǩ; Finnish: Saamen kielilaki; Swedish: Samisk språklag) made Sami an official language in Enontekiö, Inari, Sodankylä and Utsjoki municipalities. Some documents, such as specific legislation, are translated into these Sami languages, but knowledge of any of these Sami languages among officials is not common. As the major language in the region is Finnish, Sami speakers are essentially always bilingual with Finnish. Language nest daycares have been set up for teaching the languages to children. In education, Northern Sami, and to a more limited degree, Inari and Skolt Sami, can be studied at primary and secondary levels, both as a mothertongue (for native speakers) and as a foreign language (for non-native speakers).
Russia
In Russia, Sámi has no official status, neither on the national, regional or local level. It is included in the list of Indigenous minority languages. (Kildin) Sami has been taught at the Murmansk State Technical University since 2012; before then, it was taught at the Institute of the Peoples of the North in Saint Petersburg.
See also
Sami parliaments of Finland, Norway, and Sweden
Norwegianization
Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate
References
^ Southern at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Ume at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Pite at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Lule at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Northern at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Kemi at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) (Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box)
^ Vikør, Lars S.; Jahr, Ernst Håkon; Berg-Nordlie, Mikkel. "språk i Norge" . Great Norwegian Encyclopedia (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 30 August 2020.
^ Kultur- og kirkedepartementet (27 June 2008). "St.meld. nr. 35 (2007-2008)". Regjeringa.no (in Norwegian Nynorsk).
^ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
^ Karlsson, Fred (2008). An Essential Finnish Grammar. Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire: Routledge. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-415-43914-5.
^ T. Salminen: Problems in the taxonomy of the Uralic languages in the light of modern comparative studies. — Лингвистический беспредел: сборник статей к 70-летию А. И. Кузнецовой. Москва: Издательство Московского университета, 2002. 44–55. AND
^ Piha, Minerva & Häkkinen, Jaakko 2020: Kantasaamesta eteläkantasaameen - Lainatodisteita eteläsaamen varhaisesta eriytymisestä. Sananjalka 62.
^ Häkkinen, Jaakko & Piha, Minerva 2023: Kantasaamesta eteläkantasaameen, osa 2 - Äännehistorian todisteita eteläsaamen varhaisesta eriytymisestä. Sananjalka 65.
^ Saami, Inari at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^ Saami, Skolt at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^ Saami, Kildin at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^ Saami, Ter at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^ Saami, Lule at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^ Saami, Pite at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^ Saami, North at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^ Saami, South at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^ Saami, Ume at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^ "Mapping SÁMI Languages". Cartography M.Sc. Retrieved 2022-04-25.
^ Korhonen, Mikko 1981: Johdatus lapin kielen historiaan. Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seuran toimituksia ; 370. Helsinki, 1981
^ : Problems in the taxonomy of the Uralic languages in the light of modern comparative studies. — Лингвистический беспредел: сборник статей к 70-летию А. И. Кузнецовой. Москва: Издательство Московского университета, 2002. 44–55.
^ a b Aikio, Ante (2004). "An essay on substrate studies and the origin of Saami". In Hyvärinen, Irma; Kallio, Petri; Korhonen, Jarmo (eds.). Etymologie, Entlehnungen und Entwicklungen: Festschrift für Jorma Koivulehto zum 70. Geburtstag. Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki. Vol. 63. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique. pp. 5–34.
^ Knut Bergsland: Bidrag til sydsamenes historie, Senter for Samiske Studier Universitet i Tromsø 1996
^ Aikio, A. (2006). On Germanic-Saami contacts and Saami prehistory. Journal de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 91: 9–55.
^ According to researcher Joshua Wilbur and Pite Sami dictionary committee leader Nils Henrik Bengtsson, March 2010.
^ Russian Census (2002). Data from http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_02.php?reg=0
^ Tiuraniemi Olli: "Anatoli Zaharov on maapallon ainoa turjansaamea puhuva mies", Kide 6 / 2004.
^ "Nordisk samekonvensjon: Utkast fra finsk-norsk-svensk-samisk ekspertgruppe, Oppnevnt 13. november 2002, Avgitt 26. oktober 2005" (PDF). 20 July 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011.
^ "Character design standards - Uppercase for Latin 1: Uppercae Eng". Microsoft Typography documentation. 2022-06-09. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
^ Cunningham, Andrew (2004-02-04). Global & local dimensions of emerging community languages support (PDF). VALA2004 12th Biennial Conference and Exhibition. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. p. 15. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
^ "Documentation for Skolt Sami keyboards". UiT Norgga árktalaš universitehta: Sámi Text-to-Speech project. Archived from the original on 2018-08-16.
^ "About iOS 17 Updates". Apple Inc. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
^ "New Finnish Keyboard Layout" (PDF). 2005-11-30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.
^ "Suomalainen monikielinen näppäimistökaavio, viimeiseksi tarkoitettu luonnos" (PDF) (in Finnish). 2006-06-20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20.
^ Tromsø positiv til samisk språk, NRK
^ Minoritetsspråk, Language Council of Norway
^ Hult, F.M. (2004). Planning for multilingualism and minority language rights in Sweden. Language Policy, 3(2), 181–201.
^ Hult, F.M. (2010). Swedish Television as a mechanism for language planning and policy. Language Problems and Language Planning, 34(2), 158–181.
Sources
Fernandez, J. 1997. Parlons lapon. – Paris.
Itkonen, T. I. 1947. Lapparnas förekomst i Finland. – Ymer: 43–57. Stockholm.
Koponen, Eino 1996. Lappische Lehnwörter im Finnischen und Karelischen. – Lars Gunnar Larsson (ed.), Lapponica et Uralica. 100 Jahre finnisch-ugrischer Unterricht an der Universität Uppsala. Studia Uralica Uppsaliensia 26: 83–98.
Saarikivi, Janne 2004. Über das saamische Substratnamengut in Nordrußland und Finnland. – Finnisch-ugrische Forschungen 58: 162–234. Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne.
Sammallahti, Pekka (1998). The Saami Languages: an introduction. Kárášjohka: Davvi Girji OS. ISBN 82-7374-398-5.
Wilbur, Joshua. 2014. A grammar of Pite Saami. Berlin: Language Science Press. (Open access)
External links
Northern Sami edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Inari Sami language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sámi languages test of Southern Sami language at Wikimedia Incubator
Sámi languages test of Kildin Sami language at Wikimedia Incubator
Sámi languages test of Ter Sami language at Wikimedia Incubator
Sámi languages test of Lule Sami language at Wikimedia Incubator
Ođđasat TV Channel in Sami languages
On line radio stream in various sami languages
Introduction to the history and current state of Sami
Kimberli Mäkäräinen "Sámi-related odds and ends," including 5000+ word vocabulary list
Risten Sámi dictionary and terminology database.
Giellatekno Morphological and syntactic analysers and lexical resources for several Sami languages
Divvun Proofing tools for some of the Sami languages
Sámedikki giellastivra – Sami language department of the Norwegian Sami parliament (in Norwegian and Northern Sami)
Finland – Sámi Language Act
Sami Language Resources All about Sami Languages with glossaries, scholarly articles, resources
Álgu database, an etymological database of the Sami languages (in Finnish and North Sámi)
Sami anthems, Sami anthems in various Sami languages
, The Internationale in Northern Sami
An extensive intro to Saami languages and grammar from How To Learn Any Language
Sámi Dieđalaš Áigečála, the only peer-reviewed journal in Saami languages
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Saam language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saam_language"},{"link_name":"Sama language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sama_language"},{"link_name":"Samo language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samo_language"},{"link_name":"special characters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_characters"},{"link_name":"rendering support","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_characters"},{"link_name":"question marks, boxes, or other symbols","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character"},{"link_name":"/ˈsɑːmi/","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English"},{"link_name":"SAH-mee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Uralic languages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralic_languages"},{"link_name":"Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1mi"},{"link_name":"Northern Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Europe"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"},{"link_name":"Norway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway"},{"link_name":"Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden"},{"link_name":"Russia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia"},{"link_name":"exonyms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym"},{"link_name":"pejorative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pejorative"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Not to be confused with Saam language, Sama language, or Samo language.This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.Sámi languages (/ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee),[4] in English also rendered as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by the Indigenous Sámi people in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden, and extreme northwestern Russia). There are, depending on the nature and terms of division, ten or more Sami languages. Several spellings have been used for the Sámi languages, including Sámi, Sami, Saami, Saame, Sámic, Samic and Saamic, as well as the exonyms Lappish and Lappic. The last two, along with the term Lapp, are now often considered pejorative.[5]","title":"Sámi languages"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Uralic language family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralic_languages"},{"link_name":"Finnic languages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnic_languages"},{"link_name":"Finno-Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finno-Samic_languages"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"dialect continuum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect_continuum"},{"link_name":"mutually intelligible","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility"},{"link_name":"Northern Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Sami"},{"link_name":"Inari Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language"},{"link_name":"Skolt Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolt_Sami_language"},{"link_name":"Akkala Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkala_S%C3%A1mi"},{"link_name":"Inari Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-e25smn-9"},{"link_name":"Kemi Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemi_S%C3%A1mi"},{"link_name":"Kainuu Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kainuu_S%C3%A1mi"},{"link_name":"Skolt Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolt_S%C3%A1mi"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-e25sms-10"},{"link_name":"Kildin Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kildin_S%C3%A1mi"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-e25sjd-11"},{"link_name":"Ter Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter_S%C3%A1mi"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-e25sjt-12"},{"link_name":"Lule Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lule_S%C3%A1mi"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-e25smj-13"},{"link_name":"Pite Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pite_S%C3%A1mi"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-e25sje-14"},{"link_name":"Northern Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-e25sme-15"},{"link_name":"Southern Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_S%C3%A1mi"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-e25sma-16"},{"link_name":"Ume Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ume_S%C3%A1mi"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-e25sju-17"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mapping_S%C3%A1mi_Languages.jpg"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sami_Language_Recognition.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sami_dialects_and_settlements_in_Russia_map.svg"}],"text":"The Sámi languages form a branch of the Uralic language family. According to the traditional view, Sámi is within the Uralic family most closely related to the Finnic languages (Sammallahti 1998). However, this view has recently been doubted by some scholars who argue that the traditional view of a common Finno-Sami protolanguage is not as strongly supported as had been earlier assumed,[6] and that the similarities may stem from an areal influence on Sámi from Finnic.In terms of internal relationships, the Sámi languages are traditionally divided into the two groups of western and eastern. The groups may be further divided into various subgroups and ultimately individual languages. (Sammallahti 1998: 6-38.) Recently it has been proposed on the basis of (1) different sound substitutions seen between the Sámi languages in the Proto-Scandinavian loanwords and (2) historical phonology that the first unit to branch off from Late Proto-Sámi was Southern Proto-Sámi, from which descend South Sámi, Ume Sámi, and Gävle Sámi (extinct during the 19th century).[7][8]Parts of the Sámi language area form a dialect continuum in which the neighbouring languages may be mutually intelligible to a fair degree, but two more widely separated groups will not understand each other's speech. There are, however, some sharp language boundaries, in particular between Northern Sami, Inari Sami and Skolt Sami, the speakers of which are not able to understand each other without learning or long practice. The evolution of sharp language boundaries seems to suggest a relative isolation of the language speakers from each other and not very intensive contacts between the respective speakers in the past. There is some significance in this, as the geographical barriers between the respective speakers are no different from those in other parts of the Sámi area.Sámi\nEastern Sámi\nMainland Eastern Sámi\nAkkala Sámi †\nInari Sámi (300 speakers)[9]\nKemi Sámi †\nKainuu Sámi †\nSkolt Sámi (320 speakers)[10]\nPeninsular Eastern Sámi\nKildin Sámi (600 speakers)[11]\nTer Sámi (2 speakers)[12]\nWestern Sámi\nCentral Western Sámi\nLule–Pite Sámi\nLule Sámi (1,000–2,000 speakers)[13]\nPite Sámi (20 speakers)[14]\nNorthern Sámi (26,000 speakers)[15]\nSouthwestern Sámi\nSouthern Sámi (600 speakers)[16]\nUme Sámi (20 speakers)[17]The above figures are approximate.This map shows the geographic distribution of Sámi languages and offers some additional information, such as number of native Sámi speakers and locations of the Sámi parliaments.[18]Administrative living areas and municipalities that recognise Sámi as an official language in the Nordic CountriesSami languages and settlements in Russia: Skolt (Russian Notozersky) Akkala (Russian Babinsky) Kildin Ter","title":"Classification"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sápmi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi"},{"link_name":"Northern Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Europe"},{"link_name":"Norway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway"},{"link_name":"Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"},{"link_name":"Russia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia"},{"link_name":"Scandinavia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia"},{"link_name":"Kola Peninsula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_Peninsula"},{"link_name":"Middle Ages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages"},{"link_name":"early modern period","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_modern_period"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"},{"link_name":"Karelia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karelia"},{"link_name":"Scandinavian Peninsula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_Peninsula"},{"link_name":"Finnish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_language"},{"link_name":"Karelian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karelian_language"},{"link_name":"oral tradition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_tradition"},{"link_name":"loanwords","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanword"}],"text":"The Sami languages are spoken in Sápmi in Northern Europe, in a region stretching over the four countries Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia, reaching from the southern part of central Scandinavia in the southwest to the tip of the Kola Peninsula in the east. The borders between the languages do not align with the ones separating the region's modern states.During the Middle Ages and early modern period, now-extinct Sami languages were also spoken in the central and southern parts of Finland and Karelia and in a wider area on the Scandinavian Peninsula. Historical documents as well as Finnish and Karelian oral tradition contain many mentions of the earlier Sami inhabitation in these areas (Itkonen, 1947). Also, loanwords as well as place-names of Sami origin in the southern dialects of Finnish and Karelian dialects testify of earlier Sami presence in the area (Koponen, 1996; Saarikivi, 2004; Aikio, 2007). These Sami languages, however, became extinct later, under the wave of the Finno-Karelian agricultural expansion.","title":"Geographic distribution"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Proto-Samic language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Samic_language"},{"link_name":"Gulf of Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-M._Korhonen-19"},{"link_name":"Proto-Uralic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Uralic"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-T._Salminen-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Aikio_2004-21"},{"link_name":"Fennoscandia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennoscandia"},{"link_name":"Nordic Iron Age","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Iron_Age"},{"link_name":"Scandinavia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia"},{"link_name":"Proto-Scandinavian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Scandinavian"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bergsland,_Knut-22"},{"link_name":"Paleo-European languages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleo-European_languages"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Aikio_2004-21"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Aikio_2006-23"}],"text":"The Proto-Samic language is believed to have formed in the vicinity of the Gulf of Finland between 1000 BC to 700 AD, deriving from a common Proto-Sami-Finnic language (M. Korhonen 1981).[19] However, reconstruction of any basic proto-languages in the Uralic family have reached a level close to or identical to Proto-Uralic (Salminen 1999).[20] According to the comparative linguist Ante Aikio, the Proto-Samic language developed in South Finland or in Karelia around 2000–2500 years ago, spreading then to northern Fennoscandia.[21] The language is believed to have expanded west and north into Fennoscandia during the Nordic Iron Age, reaching central Scandinavia during the Proto-Scandinavian period ca. 500 AD (Bergsland 1996).[22] The language assimilated several strata of unknown Paleo-European languages from the early hunter-gatherers, first during the Proto-Sami phase and second in the subsequent expansion of the language in the west and the north of Fennoscandia that is part of modern Sami today. (Aikio 2004, Aikio 2006).[21][23]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISO 639-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-2"},{"link_name":"Northern Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Sami_language"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"ISO 639-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-1"},{"link_name":"ISO 639-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-2"},{"link_name":"Lule Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lule_Sami_language"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"ISO 639-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-2"},{"link_name":"Ume Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ume_Sami_language"},{"link_name":"ISO 639-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-2"},{"link_name":"Pite Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pite_Sami_language"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"ISO 639-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-2"},{"link_name":"Southern Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Sami_language"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"ISO 639-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-2"},{"link_name":"Inari Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language"},{"link_name":"Inari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inari,_Finland"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"SIL code","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIL_code"},{"link_name":"ISO 639-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-2"},{"link_name":"Skolt Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolt_Sami_language"},{"link_name":"Inari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inari,_Finland"},{"link_name":"Russia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"SIL code","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIL_code"},{"link_name":"ISO 639-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-2"},{"link_name":"Kildin Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kildin_Sami_language"},{"link_name":"Kola Peninsula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kola_Peninsula"},{"link_name":"Murmansk Oblast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murmansk_Oblast"},{"link_name":"Murmansk Oblast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murmansk_Oblast"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"SIL code","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIL_code"},{"link_name":"ISO 639-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-3"},{"link_name":"moribund","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moribund_language"},{"link_name":"Ter Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter_Sami_language"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"Akkala Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkala_Sami_language"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"Kemi Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemi_Sami_language"},{"link_name":"Kainuu Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kainuu_Sami_language"}],"text":"At present there are nine living Sami languages. Eight of the languages have independent literary languages; the other one has no written standard, and of it, there are only a few, mainly elderly, speakers left. The ISO 639-2 code for all Sami languages without their own code is \"smi\". The eight written languages are:Northern Sami (Norway, Sweden, Finland): With an estimated 15,000 speakers, this accounts for probably more than 75% of all Sami speakers in 2002.[citation needed] ISO 639-1/ISO 639-2: se/sme\nLule Sami (Norway, Sweden): The second largest group with an estimated 1,500 speakers.[citation needed] ISO 639-2: smj\nUme Sami (Norway, Sweden): likely has under 20 speakers left. ISO 639-2: smu\nPite Sami has about 30–50 speakers,[24] ISO 639-2: sje\nSouthern Sami (Norway, Sweden): 500 speakers (estimated).[citation needed] ISO 639-2: sma\nInari Sami (Enare Sami) (Inari, Finland): 500 speakers (estimated).[citation needed] SIL code: LPI, ISO 639-2: smn\nSkolt Sami (Näätämö and the Nellim-Keväjärvi districts, Inari municipality, Finland, also spoken in Russia, previously in Norway): 400 speakers (estimated).[citation needed] SIL code: LPK, ISO 639-2: sms\nKildin Sami (Kola Peninsula, Russia): 608 speakers in Murmansk Oblast, 179 in other Russian regions, although 1991 persons stated their Saami ethnicity (1769 of them live in Murmansk Oblast)[25] SIL code: LPD, ISO 639-3: sjdThe other Sami languages are critically endangered (moribund, have very few speakers left) or extinct. Ten speakers of Ter Sami were known to be alive in 2004.[26] The last speaker of Akkala Sami is known to have died in December 2003,[27] and the eleventh attested variety, Kemi Sami, became extinct in the 19th century. An additional Sami language, Kainuu Sami, became extinct in the 18th century, and probably belonged to the Eastern group like Kemi Sami, although the evidence for the language is limited.","title":"Written languages and sociolinguistic situation"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sami_alphabet_1933.jpg"},{"link_name":"Latin alphabets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_script"},{"link_name":"Đđ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D_with_stroke"},{"link_name":"Norwegian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_alphabet"},{"link_name":"Swedish alphabets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_alphabet"},{"link_name":"D with a bar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D_with_stroke"},{"link_name":"Unicode","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode"},{"link_name":"code point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_point"},{"link_name":"Serbo-Croatian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbo-Croatian"},{"link_name":"Vietnamese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_language"},{"link_name":"eth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eth"},{"link_name":"Icelandic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_language"},{"link_name":"Faroese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faroese_language"},{"link_name":"Old English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English_language"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Latin_letter_Eng_(first_variant_of_capital_form).svg"},{"link_name":"eng","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng_(letter)"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"Kildin Sámi orthography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kildin_Sami_orthography"},{"link_name":"Cyrillic script","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_script"}],"text":"Sami Primer, USSR 1933Most Sámi languages use Latin alphabets, with these respective additional letters.Northern Sámi:\nÁá Čč Đđ Ŋŋ Šš Ŧŧ Žž\n\n\nInari Sámi:\nÁá Ââ Ää Čč Đđ Ŋŋ Šš Žž\n\n\nSkolt Sámi:\nÂâ Čč Ʒʒ Ǯǯ Đđ Ǧǧ Ǥǥ Ǩǩ Ŋŋ Õõ Šš Žž Åå Ää\n\n\nLule Sámi (Sweden):\nÁá Åå Ŋŋ Ää\n\n\nLule Sámi (Norway):\nÁá Åå Ŋŋ Ææ\n\n\nSouthern Sámi (Sweden):\nÏï Ää Öö Åå\n\n\nSouthern Sámi (Norway):\nÏï Ææ Øø Åå\n\n\nUme Sámi:\nÁá Đđ Ïï Ŋŋ Ŧŧ Üü Åå Ää Öö\n\n\nPite Sámi:\nÁá Đđ Ŋŋ Ŧŧ Åå ÄäThe use of Ææ and Øø in Norway vs. Ää and Öö in Sweden merely reflects the orthographic standards used in the Norwegian and Swedish alphabets, respectively, not differences in pronunciations.The letter Đ in Sámi languages is a capital D with a bar across it (Unicode code point: U+0110), which is also used in Serbo-Croatian, Vietnamese, etc., not the near-identical capital eth (Ð; U+00D0) used in Icelandic, Faroese or Old English.Sámi languages tend to prefer the N-form eng for the uppercase letter.The capital letter Ŋ (eng) is commonly presented in Sámi languages using the \"N-form\" variant based the usual Latin uppercase N with a hook added.[28] Unicode assigns code point U+014A to the uppercase eng, but does not prescribe the form of the glyph.[29]The Skolt Sámi standard uses ʹ (U+02B9) as a soft sign,[30] but other apostrophes, such as ' (U+0027), ˊ (U+02CA) or ´ (U+00B4), are also sometimes used in published texts.The Kildin Sámi orthography uses the Russian Cyrillic script with these additional letters: А̄а̄ Ӓӓ Е̄е̄ Ё̄ё̄ Һһ/ʼ Ӣӣ Јј/Ҋҋ Ӆӆ Ӎӎ Ӊӊ Ӈӈ О̄о̄ Ҏҏ Ӯӯ Ҍҍ Э̄э̄ Ӭӭ Ю̄ю̄ Я̄я̄","title":"Orthographies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Apple","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc."},{"link_name":"on-screen keyboards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-screen_keyboard"},{"link_name":"iOS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS"},{"link_name":"iPadOS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPadOS"},{"link_name":"iPhones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone"},{"link_name":"iPads","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Inari_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png"},{"link_name":"Inari Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Kildin_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png"},{"link_name":"Kildin Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kildin_S%C3%A1mi"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Lule_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png"},{"link_name":"Lule Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lule_S%C3%A1mi"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Northern_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png"},{"link_name":"Northern Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Pite_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png"},{"link_name":"Pite Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pite_S%C3%A1mi"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Skolt_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png"},{"link_name":"Skolt Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolt_S%C3%A1mi"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Southern_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png"},{"link_name":"Southern Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_S%C3%A1mi"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Ume_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png"},{"link_name":"Ume Sámi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ume_S%C3%A1mi"},{"link_name":"SFS 5966","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SFS_5966&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"fi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SFS_5966"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"AltGr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AltGr"},{"link_name":"dead diacritic keys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_key"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg"}],"sub_title":"Availability","text":"In December 2023, Apple has provided on-screen keyboards for all eight Sámi languages still spoken (with iOS and iPadOS releases 17.2), thus enabling Sámi speakers to use their language on iPhones and iPads without restrictions or difficulties.[31]Sámi on-screen keyboards on iPhones\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tInari Sámi\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tKildin Sámi\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tLule Sámi\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tNorthern Sámi\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tPite Sámi (apparently faulty in iOS/iPadOS 17.2, missing đ/ŧ)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSkolt Sámi\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSouthern Sámi\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tUme SámiThe Finnish SFS 5966 [fi] keyboard standard of 2008[32] is designed for easily typing Sámi languages through use of AltGr and dead diacritic keys.[33]Original SFS-5966 layout; dead diacritic keys in red","title":"Orthographies"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Official status"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Norwegian_Labour_Party_shirt_in_three_Saami_languages.jpeg"},{"link_name":"Norwegian Labour Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_(Norway)"},{"link_name":"Norwegian Constitution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Constitution"},{"link_name":"Kautokeino Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kautokeino_Municipality"},{"link_name":"Karasjok Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karasjok_Municipality"},{"link_name":"Kåfjord Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A5fjord_Municipality"},{"link_name":"Nesseby Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesseby_Municipality"},{"link_name":"Porsanger Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsanger_Municipality"},{"link_name":"Tana Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tana_Municipality"},{"link_name":"Tysfjord Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysfjord_Municipality"},{"link_name":"Lavangen Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavangen_Municipality"},{"link_name":"Snåsa Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sn%C3%A5sa_Municipality"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"Kven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kven_language"},{"link_name":"Romanes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanes"},{"link_name":"Romani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_language"},{"link_name":"European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"}],"sub_title":"Norway","text":"A t-shirt for the Norwegian Labour Party. From top to bottom: Northern Saami, Lule Saami, and Southern Saami.Adopted in April 1988, Article 110a of the Norwegian Constitution states: \"It is the responsibility of the authorities of the State to create conditions enabling the Sami people to preserve and develop its language, culture and way of life\". The Sami Language Act went into effect in the 1990s. Sámi is an official language alongside Norwegian in the \"administrative area for Sámi language\", that includes eight municipalities in the northern half of Norway, namely Kautokeino Municipality, Karasjok Municipality, Kåfjord Municipality, Nesseby Municipality, Porsanger Municipality, Tana Municipality, Tysfjord Municipality, Lavangen Municipality, and Snåsa Municipality.[34] In 2005 Sámi, Kven, Romanes and Romani were recognised as \"regional or minority languages\" in Norway within the framework of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.[35]","title":"Official status"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jokkmokk_table.jpg"},{"link_name":"Jokkmokk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokkmokk"},{"link_name":"minority languages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Sweden"},{"link_name":"Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"Arjeplog Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjeplog_Municipality"},{"link_name":"Gällivare Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A4llivare_Municipality"},{"link_name":"Jokkmokk Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jokkmokk_Municipality"},{"link_name":"Kiruna Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiruna_Municipality"}],"sub_title":"Sweden","text":"A trilingual road sign for Jokkmokk. From top to bottom: Swedish, Lule Saami, Northern SaamiOn 1 April 2000, Sami became one of five recognized minority languages in Sweden.[36][37] It can be used in dealing with public authorities in Arjeplog Municipality, Gällivare Municipality, Jokkmokk Municipality, and Kiruna Municipality. In 2011, this list was enlarged considerably. In Sweden the University of Umeå teaches North, Ume and South Sami, and Uppsala University has courses in North, Lule and South Sami.","title":"Official status"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SAKK_galba.jpg"},{"link_name":"Inari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inari,_Finland"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Samisktalande_i_Finland.jpg"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"},{"link_name":"Northern Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Sami_language"},{"link_name":"Inari Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inari_Sami_language"},{"link_name":"Skolt Sami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolt_Sami_language"},{"link_name":"Finnish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_language"},{"link_name":"Swedish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_language"},{"link_name":"Enontekiö","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enonteki%C3%B6"},{"link_name":"Inari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inari,_Finland"},{"link_name":"Sodankylä","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodankyl%C3%A4"},{"link_name":"Utsjoki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utsjoki"},{"link_name":"municipalities","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Finland"},{"link_name":"Language nest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_nest"}],"sub_title":"Finland","text":"A quadrilingual street sign in Inari in (from top to bottom) Finnish, Northern Saami, Inari Saami, and Skolt Saami. Inari is the only municipality in Finland with 4 official languages.Sami speakers in Finland 1980-2010.In Finland, the Sami language act of 1991 granted the Northern, Inari, and Skolt Sami the right to use their languages for all government services. The Sami Language Act of 2003 (Northern Sami: Sámi giellaláhka; Inari Sami: Säämi kielâlaahâ; Skolt Sami: Sääʹmǩiõll-lääʹǩǩ; Finnish: Saamen kielilaki; Swedish: Samisk språklag) made Sami an official language in Enontekiö, Inari, Sodankylä and Utsjoki municipalities. Some documents, such as specific legislation, are translated into these Sami languages, but knowledge of any of these Sami languages among officials is not common. As the major language in the region is Finnish, Sami speakers are essentially always bilingual with Finnish. Language nest daycares have been set up for teaching the languages to children. In education, Northern Sami, and to a more limited degree, Inari and Skolt Sami, can be studied at primary and secondary levels, both as a mothertongue (for native speakers) and as a foreign language (for non-native speakers).","title":"Official status"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Russia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia"},{"link_name":"Murmansk State Technical University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murmansk_State_Technical_University"},{"link_name":"Institute of the Peoples of the North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_the_Peoples_of_the_North"},{"link_name":"Saint Petersburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"sub_title":"Russia","text":"In Russia, Sámi has no official status, neither on the national, regional or local level. It is included in the list of Indigenous minority languages. (Kildin) Sami has been taught at the Murmansk State Technical University since 2012; before then, it was taught at the Institute of the Peoples of the North in Saint Petersburg.[citation needed]","title":"Official status"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Finnisch-ugrische Forschungen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnisch-ugrische_Forschungen"},{"link_name":"Sammallahti, Pekka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekka_Sammallahti"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"82-7374-398-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-7374-398-5"},{"link_name":"Open access","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//langsci-press.org/catalog/book/17"}],"text":"Fernandez, J. 1997. Parlons lapon. – Paris.\nItkonen, T. I. 1947. Lapparnas förekomst i Finland. – Ymer: 43–57. Stockholm.\nKoponen, Eino 1996. Lappische Lehnwörter im Finnischen und Karelischen. – Lars Gunnar Larsson (ed.), Lapponica et Uralica. 100 Jahre finnisch-ugrischer Unterricht an der Universität Uppsala. Studia Uralica Uppsaliensia 26: 83–98.\nSaarikivi, Janne 2004. Über das saamische Substratnamengut in Nordrußland und Finnland. – Finnisch-ugrische Forschungen 58: 162–234. Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne.\nSammallahti, Pekka (1998). The Saami Languages: an introduction. Kárášjohka: Davvi Girji OS. ISBN 82-7374-398-5.\nWilbur, Joshua. 2014. A grammar of Pite Saami. Berlin: Language Science Press. (Open access)","title":"Sources"}]
|
[{"image_text":"This map shows the geographic distribution of Sámi languages and offers some additional information, such as number of native Sámi speakers and locations of the Sámi parliaments.[18]","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mapping_S%C3%A1mi_Languages.jpg/300px-Mapping_S%C3%A1mi_Languages.jpg"},{"image_text":"Administrative living areas and municipalities that recognise Sámi as an official language in the Nordic Countries","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sami_Language_Recognition.jpg/300px-Sami_Language_Recognition.jpg"},{"image_text":"Sami languages and settlements in Russia: Skolt (Russian Notozersky) Akkala (Russian Babinsky) Kildin Ter","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sami_dialects_and_settlements_in_Russia_map.svg/300px-Sami_dialects_and_settlements_in_Russia_map.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Sami Primer, USSR 1933","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sami_alphabet_1933.jpg/170px-Sami_alphabet_1933.jpg"},{"image_text":"Sámi languages tend to prefer the N-form eng for the uppercase letter.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Latin_letter_Eng_%28first_variant_of_capital_form%29.svg/220px-Latin_letter_Eng_%28first_variant_of_capital_form%29.svg.png"},{"image_text":"A t-shirt for the Norwegian Labour Party. From top to bottom: Northern Saami, Lule Saami, and Southern Saami.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Norwegian_Labour_Party_shirt_in_three_Saami_languages.jpeg/250px-Norwegian_Labour_Party_shirt_in_three_Saami_languages.jpeg"},{"image_text":"A trilingual road sign for Jokkmokk. From top to bottom: Swedish, Lule Saami, Northern Saami","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Jokkmokk_table.jpg/250px-Jokkmokk_table.jpg"},{"image_text":"A quadrilingual street sign in Inari in (from top to bottom) Finnish, Northern Saami, Inari Saami, and Skolt Saami. Inari is the only municipality in Finland with 4 official languages.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/SAKK_galba.jpg/250px-SAKK_galba.jpg"},{"image_text":"Sami speakers in Finland 1980-2010.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Samisktalande_i_Finland.jpg/250px-Samisktalande_i_Finland.jpg"}]
|
[{"title":"Sami parliaments","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_parliaments"},{"title":"Norwegianization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegianization"},{"title":"Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Finno-Ugric_substrate"}]
|
[{"reference":"Vikør, Lars S.; Jahr, Ernst Håkon; Berg-Nordlie, Mikkel. \"språk i Norge\" [languages of Norway]. Great Norwegian Encyclopedia (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 30 August 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_H%C3%A5kon_Jahr","url_text":"Jahr, Ernst Håkon"},{"url":"https://snl.no/spr%C3%A5k_i_Norge","url_text":"\"språk i Norge\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Norwegian_Encyclopedia","url_text":"Great Norwegian Encyclopedia"}]},{"reference":"Kultur- og kirkedepartementet (27 June 2008). \"St.meld. nr. 35 (2007-2008)\". Regjeringa.no (in Norwegian Nynorsk).","urls":[{"url":"https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/stmeld-nr-35-2007-2008-/id519923/sec4","url_text":"\"St.meld. nr. 35 (2007-2008)\""}]},{"reference":"Karlsson, Fred (2008). An Essential Finnish Grammar. Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire: Routledge. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-415-43914-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abingdon-on-Thames","url_text":"Abingdon-on-Thames"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxfordshire","url_text":"Oxfordshire"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge","url_text":"Routledge"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-43914-5","url_text":"978-0-415-43914-5"}]},{"reference":"\"Mapping SÁMI Languages\". Cartography M.Sc. Retrieved 2022-04-25.","urls":[{"url":"https://cartographymaster.eu/studentwork/mapping-sami-languages/","url_text":"\"Mapping SÁMI Languages\""}]},{"reference":"Aikio, Ante (2004). \"An essay on substrate studies and the origin of Saami\". In Hyvärinen, Irma; Kallio, Petri; Korhonen, Jarmo (eds.). Etymologie, Entlehnungen und Entwicklungen: Festschrift für Jorma Koivulehto zum 70. Geburtstag. Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki. Vol. 63. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique. pp. 5–34.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Nordisk samekonvensjon: Utkast fra finsk-norsk-svensk-samisk ekspertgruppe, Oppnevnt 13. november 2002, Avgitt 26. oktober 2005\" (PDF). 20 July 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110720012642/http://www.galdu.org/govat/doc/nordisk_samekonvensjon.pdf","url_text":"\"Nordisk samekonvensjon: Utkast fra finsk-norsk-svensk-samisk ekspertgruppe, Oppnevnt 13. november 2002, Avgitt 26. oktober 2005\""},{"url":"http://www.galdu.org/govat/doc/nordisk_samekonvensjon.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Character design standards - Uppercase for Latin 1: Uppercae Eng\". Microsoft Typography documentation. 2022-06-09. Retrieved 2022-12-16.","urls":[{"url":"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/develop/character-design-standards/uppercase","url_text":"\"Character design standards - Uppercase for Latin 1: Uppercae Eng\""}]},{"reference":"Cunningham, Andrew (2004-02-04). Global & local dimensions of emerging community languages support (PDF). VALA2004 12th Biennial Conference and Exhibition. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. p. 15. Retrieved 2022-12-16.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.vala.org.au/vala2004/2004pdfs/35Cuning.PDF","url_text":"Global & local dimensions of emerging community languages support"}]},{"reference":"\"Documentation for Skolt Sami keyboards\". UiT Norgga árktalaš universitehta: Sámi Text-to-Speech project. Archived from the original on 2018-08-16.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180816162135/https://divvun.no/doc/keyboards/kbdlangdocs/sms/doc/index.html","url_text":"\"Documentation for Skolt Sami keyboards\""},{"url":"http://divvun.no/doc/keyboards/kbdlangdocs/sms/doc/index.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"About iOS 17 Updates\". Apple Inc. Retrieved 2023-12-16.","urls":[{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-in/HT213781","url_text":"\"About iOS 17 Updates\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.","url_text":"Apple Inc."}]},{"reference":"\"New Finnish Keyboard Layout\" (PDF). 2005-11-30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135957/http://kotoistus.fi/nappaimisto/fiswkbrevgrav.pdf","url_text":"\"New Finnish Keyboard Layout\""},{"url":"http://kotoistus.fi/nappaimisto/fiswkbrevgrav.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Suomalainen monikielinen näppäimistökaavio, viimeiseksi tarkoitettu luonnos\" (PDF) (in Finnish). 2006-06-20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110720190644/http://kotoistus.fi/nappaimisto/fi_kbspec_fi_luonnos06.pdf","url_text":"\"Suomalainen monikielinen näppäimistökaavio, viimeiseksi tarkoitettu luonnos\""},{"url":"http://www.kotoistus.fi/nappaimisto/fi_kbspec_fi_luonnos06.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Sammallahti, Pekka (1998). The Saami Languages: an introduction. Kárášjohka: Davvi Girji OS. ISBN 82-7374-398-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekka_Sammallahti","url_text":"Sammallahti, Pekka"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-7374-398-5","url_text":"82-7374-398-5"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunaszekcs%C5%91
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Dunaszekcső
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["1 History","2 Demographics","3 Amenities","4 References","5 External links"]
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Coordinates: 46°4′54.12″N 18°45′31.25″E / 46.0817000°N 18.7586806°E / 46.0817000; 18.7586806Village in Southern Transdanubia, HungaryDunaszekcső
SeetschkeVillageKossuth Lajos street with Roman Catholic Church
Coat of armsDunaszekcsőLocation of Dunaszekcső in HungaryCoordinates: 46°4′54.12″N 18°45′31.25″E / 46.0817000°N 18.7586806°E / 46.0817000; 18.7586806CountryHungaryRegionSouthern TransdanubiaCountyBaranyaSubregionMohácsiRankVillageArea • Total36.76 km2 (14.19 sq mi)Population (2015) • Total1,911 • Density52/km2 (130/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Postal code7712Area code+36 69Websitewww.dunaszekcso.hu
Dunaszekcső (German: Seetschke, Seetsche; Latin: Florentina, Lugio; Serbo-Croatian: Sečuv, Sečuj, Sečuh) is a village in Baranya County, Hungary, situated on the right bank (west side) of the River Danube. The inhabitants are ethnic Hungarian, with minorities of Danube Swabians and Serbs. The population was about 1900 in 2015.
History
The present village largely covers the site of the substantial Roman camp and settlement of Lugio.
In June 1700, Serbian Patriarch (in exile) Arsenije III held a church assembly in the town, which was known in Serbian as Sečuj. At that time, the village was one of the centers of Serbian church and political life. At the assembly, Danilo Šćepčević was officially chosen as the metropolitan of Montenegro (Cetinje).
Demographics
As of 2022, the village is 87,4% Hungarian, 12.9% German, and 5% Gypsy. 47.9% of the population is Roman Catholic, and 5.1% is Reformed.
Amenities
The village has an eight-grade primary school, a kindergarten, a cultural center, a library and an old people's day-care center. Medical services are provided by two physicians, a nurse, and a dentist.
The village lies on the main road No. 56. It has regular long-distance and local bus services.
The Dunaszekcső Loess Slope is a nature protection area forming part of the Danube–Drava National Park.
References
^ Dunaszekcső at the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Hungarian).
^ Dunaszekcső at the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Hungarian). 2015
^ History (in Hungarian) Retrieved 22 January 2017.
^ a b c Гласник Историског друштва у Новом Саду. Друштво. 1935. Још 1700 био је Сечуј неко средиште српског црквено-поли- тичког живота. Месеца јуна те године одржао је патријарх Арсе- није III сабор у Сечују, на којем је дао синћелију новом владики Црне Горе Данилу. На том сабору су ...
^ "Magyarország helységnévtára". www.ksh.hu. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
^ a b Village website (in Hungarian): Retrieved 22 January 2017.
^ Village site (in Hungarian): Retrieved 22 January 2017.
External links
Dunaszekcső's web site
Dunaszekcső link
Dunaszekcső from an airplane
Dunaszekcső's new library's web site
vteBaranya CountyCity with county rights
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This Tolna location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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[{"reference":"Гласник Историског друштва у Новом Саду. Друштво. 1935. Још 1700 био је Сечуј неко средиште српског црквено-поли- тичког живота. Месеца јуна те године одржао је патријарх Арсе- није III сабор у Сечују, на којем је дао синћелију новом владики Црне Горе Данилу. На том сабору су ...","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=mqoSAAAAIAAJ","url_text":"Гласник Историског друштва у Новом Саду"}]},{"reference":"\"Magyarország helységnévtára\". www.ksh.hu. Retrieved 2024-06-01.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ksh.hu/apps/hntr.telepules?p_lang=HU&p_id=09186","url_text":"\"Magyarország helységnévtára\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontally-opposed
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Flat engine
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["1 Design","1.1 Boxer configuration","1.2 180-degree V engine","2 Aviation use","3 Motorcycle use","4 Automotive use","4.1 Drivetrain layout","4.2 History","5 See also","6 References"]
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Combustion engine using pistons facing to the sides on a common crankshaft
For similarly-named engines with two pistons per cylinder, see opposed-piston engine.
Animation of a boxer engine
Benz Contramotor, the first commercial flat-engine design, ca. 1899
A flat engine is a piston engine where the cylinders are located on either side of a central crankshaft. Flat engines are also known as horizontally opposed engines, however this is distinct from the less common opposed-piston engine design, whereby each cylinder has two pistons sharing a central combustion chamber.
The most common configuration of flat engines is the boxer engine configuration, in which the pistons of each opposed pair of cylinders move inwards and outwards at the same time. The other configuration is effectively a V engine with a 180-degree angle between the cylinder banks; in this configuration each pair of cylinders shares a single crankpin, so that as one piston moves inward, the other moves outward.
The first flat engine (Benz Contramotor) was built in 1897 by Karl Benz. Flat engines have been used in aviation, motorcycle and automobile applications. They are now less common in cars than straight engines (for engines with fewer than six cylinders) and V engines (for engines with six or more cylinders). Flat engines are more common in aircraft, where straight engines are a rarity and V engines have almost vanished except in historical aircraft. They have even replaced radial engines in many smaller installations.
Design
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Difference between two flat 6 cylinder engines: 180° V on the left, boxer on the right
The advantages of flat engines are a short length, low centre of mass and suitability for air cooling.
Compared with the more common straight engines, flat engines have better primary balance (resulting in less vibration); however the disadvantages are increased width and the need to have two cylinder heads. Compared with V engines— the most common layout for engines with six cylinders or more— flat engines have a lower centre of mass and better primary balance than V6 engines, however they typically have a larger width.
The most common usages of flat engines are:
Flat-twin engines are mostly used in motorcycles. Occasionally, they have been used in light cars, aircraft and industrial applications, mostly up until the 1960s.
Flat-four engines are mostly used in cars (particularly in the earlier Volkswagen Type 1 to 4 and by Subaru in most of their models), and have occasionally been used in motorcycles. Their most common use is in smaller single-engine general aviation aircraft in which they are still manufactured and used to this day.
Flat-six engines are mostly used in cars (particularly by the Porsche 911 sports car), and have occasionally been used in motorcycles and aircraft.
Flat-eight engines have been used in several racing cars, mostly by Porsche in the 1960s.
Flat-ten engines are not known to have reached production. A prototype road car engine was built by Chevrolet in the 1960s.
Flat-twelve engines have been used in various racing cars, notably the Porsche 917K, during the 1960s and 1970s, and in Ferrari road cars from 1973 to 1996.
Flat-sixteen engines are not known to have reached production. Prototype racing car engines were built by Coventry and Porsche in the 1960s and 1970s.
Boxer configuration
1954 BMW R68 flat-twin boxer engine
Most flat engines use a "boxer" configuration, where each pair of opposing pistons move inwards and outwards at the same time, somewhat like boxing competitors punching their gloves together before a fight. Boxer engines have low vibrations, since they are the only common configuration that have no unbalanced forces regardless of the number of cylinders. Boxer engines therefore do not require a balance shaft or counterweights on the crankshaft to balance the weight of the reciprocating parts. However, a rocking couple is present, since each cylinder is slightly offset from its opposing pair, due to the distance between the crankpins along the crankshaft.
180-degree V engine
An alternative configuration for flat engines is as a 180-degree V engine, which has been used on most twelve-cylinder flat engines. In this configuration, each pair of pistons shares a crankpin, rather than the boxer configuration where each piston has its own crankpin.
Aviation use
twin-boxer of Johann Puch, Patent AT 48877 (1909)
World War II-era Riedel starter motor
In 1902, the Pearse monoplane (which would later become one of the first aircraft to achieve flight) was powered by a flat-twin engine. Amongst the first commercially produced aircraft to use a flat engine is the 1909 Santos-Dumont Demoiselle range of airplanes, which was powered by boxer-twin engines.
Several boxer-four engines have been produced specifically for light aircraft. Several manufacturers produced boxer-six aircraft engines during the 1930s and 1940s.
During World War II, boxer-twin engines called the "Riedel starter" were used as a starter motor/mechanical APU for the early German jet engines such as the Junkers Jumo 004 and BMW 003. Designed by Norbert Riedel, these engines have a very oversquare stroke ratio of 2:1 so that they could fit within the intake diverter, directly forward of the turbine compressor.
Motorcycle use
Flat engines offer several advantages for motorcycles including a low center of mass, low vibration, suitability for shaft drive, and even cooling of the cylinders (for air-cooled engines). The most common design of flat engines for motorcycles is the boxer-twin, beginning with the 1905 Fée manufactured by the Light Motors Company flat-twin, which was the first production motorcycle to use a flat engine. BMW Motorrad have a long history of boxer-twin motorcycles, beginning in 1923 with the BMW R32
Several motorcycles have been produced with flat-four engines, such as the 1938-1939 Zündapp K800 and the 1974-1987 Honda Gold Wing. In 1987, the Honda Gold Wing engine was upsized to a flat-six design.
Automotive use
1969 Hino Motors DS140 boxer-twelve diesel engine1923-1927 Tatra 11 chassis and engine— front-mounted flat-twin engine with rear-wheel drive
When used in cars, advantages of flat engines are a low center of mass (which improves the handling of the car), short length, low vibration and suitability for air cooling (due to the well exposed, large surface area, cylinder heads and short length). However the larger width of flat engines (compared with the more common inline and V layouts) is a drawback, particularly when the engine is located between the steered wheels.
Flat engines were used by various automobile manufacturers— mostly with a boxer-four design— up until the late 1990s. Since then, only Porsche and Subaru have remained as significant manufacturers of flat engines.
Drivetrain layout
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Due to the short length of flat engines, locating a flat engine outside of the car's wheelbase results in minimal overhang. Therefore, many cars with flat engines have used a rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout. Examples include the flat-twin BMW 600 (1957–1959) and BMW 700 (1959–1965); the flat-four Tatra 97 (1936–1939), Volkswagen Beetle (1938–2003) and Porsche 356 (1948–1965); and the flat-six Chevrolet Corvair (1959–1969), Porsche 911 (1963-present), and Tucker 48 (1947–1948).
The opposite layout, front-engine front-wheel drive, was also common for cars with flat engines. Examples include the Citroën 2CV (1948–1990), Panhard Dyna X (1948–1954), Lancia Flavia (1961–1970), Citroën GS (1970–1986), Alfa Romeo Alfasud (1971–1989) and Subaru Leone (1971–1994).
Subaru have been producing cars with a front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout powered by flat engines (mostly boxer-four engines) since 1971. Examples include the Subaru Leone (1971–1994), Subaru Legacy (1989-present) and Subaru Impreza (1992–present). The front half-shafts come out of a front differential that is part of the gearbox. A rear driveshaft connects the gearbox to the rear half-shafts.
The traditional front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout is relatively uncommon for cars with flat engines, however some examples include the Toyota 86 / Subaru BRZ (2012–present), Jowett Javelin (1947–1953), Glas Isar (1958–1965) and the Tatra 11 (1923–1927).
History
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Volkswagen air-cooled boxer-four engine2012-present Subaru FA20 boxer-four engine
The first flat engine was produced in 1897 by German engineer Karl Benz. Called the kontra engine, it was a boxer-twin design. Early uses of flat engines in cars include the 1900 Lanchester 8 hp Phaeton boxer-twin, the 1901 Wilson-Pilcher boxer-four, the 1904 Wilson-Pilcher 18/24 HP boxer-six and the 1903 Ford Model A, the 1904 Ford Model C and the 1905 Ford Model F.
In 1938, the Volkswagen Beetle (then called the "KdF-Wagen") was released with a rear-mounted flat-four engine. This Volkswagen air-cooled engine was produced for many years and also used in the Volkswagen Type 2 (Transporter, Kombi or Microbus), the Volkswagen Karmann Ghia sports car and the Volkswagen Type 3 compact car. A water-cooled version, known as the Wasserboxer, was introduced in 1982 and eventually replaced the air-cooled versions.
The majority of sports cars throughout Porsche's history are powered by flat engines, beginning with its first car; the 1948-1965 Porsche 356 used an air-cooled boxer-four engine. Also using boxer-four engines were the 1969-1976 Porsche 914, the 1965-1969 Porsche 912 and the 2016-present Porsche Boxster/Cayman (982). The Porsche 911 has exclusively used boxer-six engines from its introduction in 1964 until the present. In 1997, the Porsche 911 switched from being air-cooled to water-cooled.
Porsche flat-eight engines were used in various racing cars throughout the 1960s, such as the 1962 Porsche 804 Formula One car and the 1968-1971 Porsche 908 sports car. A flat-twelve engine was also produced by Porsche for the 1969-1973 Porsche 917 sports car.
Chevrolet used a horizontally opposed air-cooled 6 cylinder engine in its Corvair line during its entire production run from 1960 to 1969 in various applications and power ratings, including one of the first uses of a turbocharger in a mass-produced automobile.
The Subaru EA engine was introduced in 1966 and began Subaru's line of boxer-four engines that remain in production to this day. Most of Subaru's models are powered by a boxer-four engine in either naturally aspirated or turbocharged form. A print ad for the 1973 Subaru GL coupe referred to the engine as "quadrozontal". The company also produced boxer-six engines from 1988 to 1996 and 2001–2019. In 2008, the Subaru EE engine became the world's first passenger car diesel boxer engine. This engine is a turbocharged boxer-four with common rail fuel injection.
Ferrari used flat-twelve engines for various Formula One cars in the 1970s. A road car flat-twelve engine (using a 180-degree V12 configuration) was used for the 1973-1984 Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer, 1984-1996 Ferrari Testarossa and their derivatives.
Toyota uses the designation Toyota 4U-GSE for the boxer-four engine in the Toyota-badged versions of the Toyota 86 / Subaru BRZ twins, although the engine is actually designed and built by Subaru as the Subaru FA20 engine.
See also
H engine
V engine
W engine
X engine
Radial engine
History of the internal combustion engine
References
^ "The Physics of: Engine Cylinder-Bank Angles". www.caranddriver.com. 14 October 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
^ a b "Subaru Car Performance". Australia: Subaru. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
^ a b c Bonk, Aaron (7 February 2013). "How Boxer Engines Work". Super Street Magazine. Source Interlink Media. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
^ a b c Hanlon, Mike (7 February 2001). "The world's first horizontally-opposed turbo diesel engine". Gizmag. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
^ a b c English, Bob (29 April 2010). "The engine that Benz built still survives". The Globe and Mail. Canada. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
^ Szymezak, Pascal. "Début de la légende". La saga GoldWing (in French). Fédération des GoldWing Club de France. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
^ "The engine of the future". The Motor Cycle. Iliffe & Sons Ltd.: 283 5 October 1916.
^ Nunney 1988, pp. 12–13.
^ Nunney, M. J. (1988). Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology. Oxford, UK: Heinemann Professional Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 0-434-91473-8. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
^ Hodzic, Muamer (27 March 2008). "Mercedes Heritage: Four-cylinder engines from Mercedes-Benz". Blog. BenzInsider. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
^ "The Wilson-Pilcher Petrol Cars". The Automotor Journal. 16 April 1904.
^ Kimes, Beverly (1996). Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942. Krause Publications. p. 572. ISBN 0-87341-428-4.
^ "Distinct Engineering Mounted into the Subaru 1000". SUBARU Philosophy. Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. 10 August 2012. Archived from the original on 21 December 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2013. Source: 'Subaru' magazine – Subaru 1000 extra edition (issued 1966-05-20)
^ "» Vintage Subaru Ad (1973 The Subaru GL Coupe)". Scoobyblog.com. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
^ "Flat-6 Club: 1993 Subaru Impreza w/ Legacy 6-Cyl". www.dailyturismo.com. 12 June 2018. Archived from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
^ "Greencarcongress". Legacy Diesel Announcement. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
^ Harwood, Allyson (January 2008). "2008 Subaru Turbodiesel Boxer - First Drive". MotorTrend Magazine. Source Interlink Media. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
^ "A True Engineering Revolution". SUBARU BOXER DIESEL. Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
^ "Flat-12 engine". Ferrari.com. Ferrari S.p.A. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
vteEngine configurations for piston enginesType
Atmospheric
Axial
Beam
Cornish
Rotative
Bourke
Cam engine
Camless
Compound
Double-acting cylinder
Flathead
Free-piston
Stelzer
Hemi
Heron head
Intake over exhaust
Oscillating cylinder
Opposed-piston
Overhead camshaft
Overhead valve
Pentroof
Rotary
Single-acting cylinder
Split cycle
Swing-piston
Uniflow
Watt
Wedge
Stroke cycles
Two-stroke
Four-stroke
Five-stroke
Six-stroke
Two-and four-stroke
Cylinder layoutsInline / straight
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7
I8
I9
I12
I14
Flat / boxer
F2
F4
F6
F8
F10
F12
F16
V / Vee
V2
V3
V4
V5
VR5
V6
VR6
V8
V10
V12
V14
V16
V18
V20
V24
W
W3
W6
W8
W12
W16
W18
W24
W30
Other
Deltic
H
Radial
Single-cylinder
Split-single
U
X
Authority control databases: National
Germany
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Flat engines are also known as horizontally opposed engines, however this is distinct from the less common opposed-piston engine design, whereby each cylinder has two pistons sharing a central combustion chamber.The most common configuration of flat engines is the boxer engine configuration, in which the pistons of each opposed pair of cylinders move inwards and outwards at the same time. The other configuration is effectively a V engine with a 180-degree angle between the cylinder banks; in this configuration each pair of cylinders shares a single crankpin, so that as one piston moves inward, the other moves outward.The first flat engine (Benz Contramotor) was built in 1897 by Karl Benz. Flat engines have been used in aviation, motorcycle and automobile applications. They are now less common in cars than straight engines (for engines with fewer than six cylinders) and V engines (for engines with six or more cylinders). Flat engines are more common in aircraft, where straight engines are a rarity and V engines have almost vanished except in historical aircraft. They have even replaced radial engines in many smaller installations.","title":"Flat engine"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Moteurs_%C3%A0_Plat_-_V_%C3%A0_180%C2%B0_vs._Boxer.png"},{"link_name":"centre of mass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_of_mass"},{"link_name":"air cooling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-cooled_engine"},{"link_name":"straight engines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight_engine"},{"link_name":"primary balance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_balance"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"V engines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_engine"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-why-subaru-2"},{"link_name":"Flat-twin engines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-twin_engine"},{"link_name":"Flat-four engines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-four_engine"},{"link_name":"Volkswagen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen"},{"link_name":"Type 1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle"},{"link_name":"4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_4"},{"link_name":"Subaru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaru"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-why-subaru-2"},{"link_name":"general aviation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_aviation"},{"link_name":"Flat-six engines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-six_engine"},{"link_name":"Porsche","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche"},{"link_name":"Flat-eight engines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-eight_engine"},{"link_name":"Flat-ten engines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-ten_engine"},{"link_name":"Chevrolet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet"},{"link_name":"Flat-twelve engines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-twelve_engine"},{"link_name":"Porsche 917K","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_917K"},{"link_name":"Ferrari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari"},{"link_name":"Flat-sixteen engines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-sixteen_engine"},{"link_name":"Coventry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry_Climax"}],"text":"Difference between two flat 6 cylinder engines: 180° V on the left, boxer on the rightThe advantages of flat engines are a short length, low centre of mass and suitability for air cooling.Compared with the more common straight engines, flat engines have better primary balance (resulting in less vibration);[1] however the disadvantages are increased width and the need to have two cylinder heads. Compared with V engines— the most common layout for engines with six cylinders or more— flat engines have a lower centre of mass and better primary balance than V6 engines, however they typically have a larger width.[2]The most common usages of flat engines are:Flat-twin engines are mostly used in motorcycles. Occasionally, they have been used in light cars, aircraft and industrial applications, mostly up until the 1960s.\nFlat-four engines are mostly used in cars (particularly in the earlier Volkswagen Type 1 to 4 and by Subaru[2] in most of their models), and have occasionally been used in motorcycles. Their most common use is in smaller single-engine general aviation aircraft in which they are still manufactured and used to this day.\nFlat-six engines are mostly used in cars (particularly by the Porsche 911 sports car), and have occasionally been used in motorcycles and aircraft.\nFlat-eight engines have been used in several racing cars, mostly by Porsche in the 1960s.\nFlat-ten engines are not known to have reached production. A prototype road car engine was built by Chevrolet in the 1960s.\nFlat-twelve engines have been used in various racing cars, notably the Porsche 917K, during the 1960s and 1970s, and in Ferrari road cars from 1973 to 1996.\nFlat-sixteen engines are not known to have reached production. Prototype racing car engines were built by Coventry and Porsche in the 1960s and 1970s.","title":"Design"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:R68-opposed-cylinders.jpg"},{"link_name":"BMW R68","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R68"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bonk-3"},{"link_name":"balance shaft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_shaft"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hanlon-4"},{"link_name":"crankshaft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft"},{"link_name":"rocking couple","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couple_(mechanics)"},{"link_name":"crankpins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankpin"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bonk-3"}],"sub_title":"Boxer configuration","text":"1954 BMW R68 flat-twin boxer engineMost flat engines use a \"boxer\" configuration, where each pair of opposing pistons move inwards and outwards at the same time, somewhat like boxing competitors punching their gloves together before a fight.[3] Boxer engines have low vibrations, since they are the only common configuration that have no unbalanced forces regardless of the number of cylinders. Boxer engines therefore do not require a balance shaft[4] or counterweights on the crankshaft to balance the weight of the reciprocating parts. However, a rocking couple is present, since each cylinder is slightly offset from its opposing pair, due to the distance between the crankpins along the crankshaft.[3]","title":"Design"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"V engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_engine"},{"link_name":"crankpin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankpin"}],"sub_title":"180-degree V engine","text":"An alternative configuration for flat engines is as a 180-degree V engine, which has been used on most twelve-cylinder flat engines. In this configuration, each pair of pistons shares a crankpin, rather than the boxer configuration where each piston has its own crankpin.","title":"Design"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Puch_Flugmotor_Patent_AT_48877_1909-11-08.png"},{"link_name":"Johann Puch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Puch"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Riedelanlasser.jpg"},{"link_name":"Santos-Dumont Demoiselle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santos-Dumont_Demoiselle"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"APU","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_power_unit#As_mechanical_%22startup%22_APUs_for_jet_engines"},{"link_name":"Junkers Jumo 004","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junkers_Jumo_004"},{"link_name":"BMW 003","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_003"},{"link_name":"Norbert Riedel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Riedel"},{"link_name":"oversquare","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_ratio#Oversquare_or_short-stroke_engine"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"twin-boxer of Johann Puch, Patent AT 48877 (1909)World War II-era Riedel starter motorIn 1902, the Pearse monoplane (which would later become one of the first aircraft to achieve flight) was powered by a flat-twin engine. Amongst the first commercially produced aircraft to use a flat engine is the 1909 Santos-Dumont Demoiselle range of airplanes, which was powered by boxer-twin engines.[citation needed]Several boxer-four engines have been produced specifically for light aircraft. Several manufacturers produced boxer-six aircraft engines during the 1930s and 1940s.[citation needed]During World War II, boxer-twin engines called the \"Riedel starter\" were used as a starter motor/mechanical APU for the early German jet engines such as the Junkers Jumo 004 and BMW 003. Designed by Norbert Riedel, these engines have a very oversquare stroke ratio of 2:1 so that they could fit within the intake diverter, directly forward of the turbine compressor.[citation needed]","title":"Aviation use"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"center of mass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-English-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Szymezak1-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TMCfuture-7"},{"link_name":"BMW Motorrad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Motorrad"},{"link_name":"BMW R32","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R32"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-English-5"},{"link_name":"Zündapp K800","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCndapp"},{"link_name":"Honda Gold Wing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_Gold_Wing"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Flat engines offer several advantages for motorcycles including a low center of mass, low vibration, suitability for shaft drive, and even cooling of the cylinders (for air-cooled engines).[5][6] The most common design of flat engines for motorcycles is the boxer-twin, beginning with the 1905 Fée manufactured by the Light Motors Company flat-twin, which was the first production motorcycle to use a flat engine.[7] BMW Motorrad have a long history of boxer-twin motorcycles, beginning in 1923 with the BMW R32[5]Several motorcycles have been produced with flat-four engines, such as the 1938-1939 Zündapp K800 and the 1974-1987 Honda Gold Wing. In 1987, the Honda Gold Wing engine was upsized to a flat-six design.[citation needed]","title":"Motorcycle use"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diesel_Engine_Type_DS140_2C_Hino.jpg"},{"link_name":"Hino Motors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hino_Motors"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ChassisT11.JPG"},{"link_name":"Tatra 11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatra_11"},{"link_name":"center of mass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hanlon-4"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTENunney198812%E2%80%9313-8"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"1969 Hino Motors DS140 boxer-twelve diesel engine1923-1927 Tatra 11 chassis and engine— front-mounted flat-twin engine with rear-wheel driveWhen used in cars, advantages of flat engines are a low center of mass (which improves the handling of the car),[4] short length, low vibration and suitability for air cooling (due to the well exposed, large surface area, cylinder heads and short length).[8] However the larger width of flat engines (compared with the more common inline and V layouts) is a drawback, particularly when the engine is located between the steered wheels.[citation needed]Flat engines were used by various automobile manufacturers— mostly with a boxer-four design— up until the late 1990s. Since then, only Porsche and Subaru have remained as significant manufacturers of flat engines.[citation needed]","title":"Automotive use"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"wheelbase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelbase"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout"},{"link_name":"BMW 600","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_600"},{"link_name":"BMW 700","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_700"},{"link_name":"Tatra 97","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatra_97"},{"link_name":"Volkswagen Beetle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle"},{"link_name":"Porsche 356","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_356"},{"link_name":"Chevrolet Corvair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvair"},{"link_name":"Porsche 911","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_911"},{"link_name":"Tucker 48","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucker_48"},{"link_name":"front-engine front-wheel drive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout"},{"link_name":"Citroën 2CV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_2CV"},{"link_name":"Panhard Dyna X","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panhard_Dyna_X"},{"link_name":"Lancia Flavia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancia_Flavia"},{"link_name":"Citroën GS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_GS"},{"link_name":"Alfa Romeo Alfasud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_Alfasud"},{"link_name":"Subaru Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaru_Leone"},{"link_name":"front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout"},{"link_name":"Subaru Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaru_Leone"},{"link_name":"Subaru Legacy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaru_Legacy"},{"link_name":"Subaru Impreza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaru_Impreza"},{"link_name":"front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout"},{"link_name":"Toyota 86 / Subaru BRZ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_86"},{"link_name":"Jowett Javelin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jowett_Javelin"},{"link_name":"Glas Isar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glas_Isar"},{"link_name":"Tatra 11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatra_11"}],"sub_title":"Drivetrain layout","text":"Due to the short length of flat engines, locating a flat engine outside of the car's wheelbase results in minimal overhang.[9] Therefore, many cars with flat engines have used a rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout. Examples include the flat-twin BMW 600 (1957–1959) and BMW 700 (1959–1965); the flat-four Tatra 97 (1936–1939), Volkswagen Beetle (1938–2003) and Porsche 356 (1948–1965); and the flat-six Chevrolet Corvair (1959–1969), Porsche 911 (1963-present), and Tucker 48 (1947–1948).The opposite layout, front-engine front-wheel drive, was also common for cars with flat engines. Examples include the Citroën 2CV (1948–1990), Panhard Dyna X (1948–1954), Lancia Flavia (1961–1970), Citroën GS (1970–1986), Alfa Romeo Alfasud (1971–1989) and Subaru Leone (1971–1994).Subaru have been producing cars with a front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout powered by flat engines (mostly boxer-four engines) since 1971. Examples include the Subaru Leone (1971–1994), Subaru Legacy (1989-present) and Subaru Impreza (1992–present). The front half-shafts come out of a front differential that is part of the gearbox. A rear driveshaft connects the gearbox to the rear half-shafts.The traditional front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout is relatively uncommon for cars with flat engines, however some examples include the Toyota 86 / Subaru BRZ (2012–present), Jowett Javelin (1947–1953), Glas Isar (1958–1965) and the Tatra 11 (1923–1927).","title":"Automotive use"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volkswagen_motor_cut_1945.JPG"},{"link_name":"Volkswagen air-cooled","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_air-cooled_engine"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Subaru_BRZ_engine_(20413082204).jpg"},{"link_name":"Subaru FA20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaru_FA_engine"},{"link_name":"Karl Benz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Benz"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-English-5"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Lanchester 8 hp Phaeton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company"},{"link_name":"Wilson-Pilcher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson-Pilcher"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Automotor-11"},{"link_name":"Ford Model A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1903%E2%80%931904)"},{"link_name":"Ford Model C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_C"},{"link_name":"Ford Model F","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_F"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kimes-12"},{"link_name":"Volkswagen Beetle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle"},{"link_name":"Volkswagen air-cooled engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_air-cooled_engine"},{"link_name":"Volkswagen Type 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_2"},{"link_name":"Volkswagen Karmann Ghia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Karmann_Ghia"},{"link_name":"Volkswagen Type 3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_3"},{"link_name":"Wasserboxer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasserboxer"},{"link_name":"Porsche 356","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_356"},{"link_name":"Porsche 914","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_914"},{"link_name":"Porsche 912","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_912"},{"link_name":"Porsche Boxster/Cayman (982)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_982"},{"link_name":"Porsche 911","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_911_(classic)"},{"link_name":"Porsche flat-eight engines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_flat-eight_engines"},{"link_name":"Porsche 804","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_804"},{"link_name":"Porsche 908","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_908"},{"link_name":"Porsche 917","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_917"},{"link_name":"Chevrolet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet"},{"link_name":"Corvair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvair"},{"link_name":"Subaru EA engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaru_EA_engine"},{"link_name":"Subaru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaru"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Subaru GL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaru_GL"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Subaru EE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Subaru_engines#Subaru_EE_engine_(diesel)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hanlon-4"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari_Berlinetta_Boxer"},{"link_name":"Ferrari Testarossa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari_Testarossa"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Toyota 86 / Subaru BRZ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_86"},{"link_name":"Subaru FA20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaru_FA_engine#FA20"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bonk-3"}],"sub_title":"History","text":"Volkswagen air-cooled boxer-four engine2012-present Subaru FA20 boxer-four engineThe first flat engine was produced in 1897 by German engineer Karl Benz.[5][10] Called the kontra engine, it was a boxer-twin design. Early uses of flat engines in cars include the 1900 Lanchester 8 hp Phaeton boxer-twin, the 1901 Wilson-Pilcher boxer-four,[11] the 1904 Wilson-Pilcher 18/24 HP boxer-six and the 1903 Ford Model A, the 1904 Ford Model C and the 1905 Ford Model F.[12]In 1938, the Volkswagen Beetle (then called the \"KdF-Wagen\") was released with a rear-mounted flat-four engine. This Volkswagen air-cooled engine was produced for many years and also used in the Volkswagen Type 2 (Transporter, Kombi or Microbus), the Volkswagen Karmann Ghia sports car and the Volkswagen Type 3 compact car. A water-cooled version, known as the Wasserboxer, was introduced in 1982 and eventually replaced the air-cooled versions.The majority of sports cars throughout Porsche's history are powered by flat engines, beginning with its first car; the 1948-1965 Porsche 356 used an air-cooled boxer-four engine. Also using boxer-four engines were the 1969-1976 Porsche 914, the 1965-1969 Porsche 912 and the 2016-present Porsche Boxster/Cayman (982). The Porsche 911 has exclusively used boxer-six engines from its introduction in 1964 until the present. In 1997, the Porsche 911 switched from being air-cooled to water-cooled.Porsche flat-eight engines were used in various racing cars throughout the 1960s, such as the 1962 Porsche 804 Formula One car and the 1968-1971 Porsche 908 sports car. A flat-twelve engine was also produced by Porsche for the 1969-1973 Porsche 917 sports car.Chevrolet used a horizontally opposed air-cooled 6 cylinder engine in its Corvair line during its entire production run from 1960 to 1969 in various applications and power ratings, including one of the first uses of a turbocharger in a mass-produced automobile.The Subaru EA engine was introduced in 1966 and began Subaru's line of boxer-four engines that remain in production to this day.[13] Most of Subaru's models are powered by a boxer-four engine in either naturally aspirated or turbocharged form. A print ad for the 1973 Subaru GL coupe referred to the engine as \"quadrozontal\".[14] The company also produced boxer-six engines from 1988 to 1996 and 2001–2019.[15] In 2008, the Subaru EE engine became the world's first passenger car diesel boxer engine. This engine is a turbocharged boxer-four with common rail fuel injection.[4][16][17][18]Ferrari used flat-twelve engines for various Formula One cars in the 1970s. A road car flat-twelve engine (using a 180-degree V12 configuration) was used for the 1973-1984 Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer, 1984-1996 Ferrari Testarossa and their derivatives.[19]Toyota uses the designation Toyota 4U-GSE for the boxer-four engine in the Toyota-badged versions of the Toyota 86 / Subaru BRZ twins, although the engine is actually designed and built by Subaru as the Subaru FA20 engine.[3]","title":"Automotive use"}]
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[{"image_text":"Animation of a boxer engine","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Boxerengineanimation.gif/300px-Boxerengineanimation.gif"},{"image_text":"Benz Contramotor, the first commercial flat-engine design, ca. 1899","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Benz_Contramotor_IMG_1343_2023-11-25_JM.jpg/220px-Benz_Contramotor_IMG_1343_2023-11-25_JM.jpg"},{"image_text":"Difference between two flat 6 cylinder engines: 180° V on the left, boxer on the right","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Moteurs_%C3%A0_Plat_-_V_%C3%A0_180%C2%B0_vs._Boxer.png/220px-Moteurs_%C3%A0_Plat_-_V_%C3%A0_180%C2%B0_vs._Boxer.png"},{"image_text":"1954 BMW R68 flat-twin boxer engine","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/R68-opposed-cylinders.jpg/220px-R68-opposed-cylinders.jpg"},{"image_text":"twin-boxer of Johann Puch, Patent AT 48877 (1909)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Puch_Flugmotor_Patent_AT_48877_1909-11-08.png/220px-Puch_Flugmotor_Patent_AT_48877_1909-11-08.png"},{"image_text":"World War II-era Riedel starter motor","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Riedelanlasser.jpg/220px-Riedelanlasser.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"H engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H_engine"},{"title":"V engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_engine"},{"title":"W engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_engine"},{"title":"X engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_engine"},{"title":"Radial engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_engine"},{"title":"History of the internal combustion engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_internal_combustion_engine"}]
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[{"reference":"\"The Physics of: Engine Cylinder-Bank Angles\". www.caranddriver.com. 14 October 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a15126436/the-physics-of-engine-cylinder-bank-angles-feature/","url_text":"\"The Physics of: Engine Cylinder-Bank Angles\""}]},{"reference":"\"Subaru Car Performance\". Australia: Subaru. Retrieved 1 July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.subaru.com.au/why-subaru/performance","url_text":"\"Subaru Car Performance\""}]},{"reference":"Bonk, Aaron (7 February 2013). \"How Boxer Engines Work\". Super Street Magazine. Source Interlink Media. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140227052947/http://www.superstreetonline.com/techarticles/sstp_1301_how_boxer_engines_work/","url_text":"\"How Boxer Engines Work\""},{"url":"http://www.superstreetonline.com/techarticles/sstp_1301_how_boxer_engines_work/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Hanlon, Mike (7 February 2001). \"The world's first horizontally-opposed turbo diesel engine\". Gizmag. Retrieved 20 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.gizmag.com/go/6800/","url_text":"\"The world's first horizontally-opposed turbo diesel engine\""}]},{"reference":"English, Bob (29 April 2010). \"The engine that Benz built still survives\". The Globe and Mail. Canada. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131220085552/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/car-life/classic-cars/the-engine-that-benz-built-still-survives/article4317376/","url_text":"\"The engine that Benz built still survives\""},{"url":"https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/car-life/classic-cars/the-engine-that-benz-built-still-survives/article4317376/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Szymezak, Pascal. \"Début de la légende\". La saga GoldWing (in French). Fédération des GoldWing Club de France. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131219232421/http://fgwcf.org/rever/debut_legende.asp","url_text":"\"Début de la légende\""},{"url":"http://fgwcf.org/rever/debut_legende.asp","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"The engine of the future\". The Motor Cycle. Iliffe & Sons Ltd.: 283 5 October 1916.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Motor_Cycle_(magazine)","url_text":"The Motor Cycle"}]},{"reference":"Nunney, M. J. (1988). Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology. Oxford, UK: Heinemann Professional Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 0-434-91473-8. Retrieved 8 May 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=-vj8BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12","url_text":"Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-434-91473-8","url_text":"0-434-91473-8"}]},{"reference":"Hodzic, Muamer (27 March 2008). \"Mercedes Heritage: Four-cylinder engines from Mercedes-Benz\". Blog. BenzInsider. Retrieved 20 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.benzinsider.com/2008/03/mercedes-heritage-four-cylinder-engines-from-mercedes-benz/","url_text":"\"Mercedes Heritage: Four-cylinder engines from Mercedes-Benz\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Wilson-Pilcher Petrol Cars\". The Automotor Journal. 16 April 1904.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Kimes, Beverly (1996). Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942. Krause Publications. p. 572. ISBN 0-87341-428-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87341-428-4","url_text":"0-87341-428-4"}]},{"reference":"\"Distinct Engineering Mounted into the Subaru 1000\". SUBARU Philosophy. Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. 10 August 2012. Archived from the original on 21 December 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2013. Source: 'Subaru' magazine – Subaru 1000 extra edition (issued 1966-05-20)","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131221053109/http://subaru-philosophy.com/post/29112851147/distinct-engineering-mounted-into-the-subaru-1000","url_text":"\"Distinct Engineering Mounted into the Subaru 1000\""},{"url":"http://subaru-philosophy.com/post/29112851147/distinct-engineering-mounted-into-the-subaru-1000","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"» Vintage Subaru Ad (1973 The Subaru GL Coupe)\". Scoobyblog.com. Retrieved 18 September 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.scoobyblog.com/2007-01-04/vintage-subaru-ad-1973-the-subaru-gl-coupe","url_text":"\"» Vintage Subaru Ad (1973 The Subaru GL Coupe)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Flat-6 Club: 1993 Subaru Impreza w/ Legacy 6-Cyl\". www.dailyturismo.com. 12 June 2018. Archived from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190921022942/http://www.dailyturismo.com/2018/06/flat-6-club-1993-subaru-impreza-w.html","url_text":"\"Flat-6 Club: 1993 Subaru Impreza w/ Legacy 6-Cyl\""},{"url":"http://www.dailyturismo.com/2018/06/flat-6-club-1993-subaru-impreza-w.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Greencarcongress\". Legacy Diesel Announcement. Retrieved 23 January 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/01/subarus-first-b.html","url_text":"\"Greencarcongress\""}]},{"reference":"Harwood, Allyson (January 2008). \"2008 Subaru Turbodiesel Boxer - First Drive\". MotorTrend Magazine. Source Interlink Media. Retrieved 20 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/sedans/112_0801_subaru_boxer_turbodiesel_first_drive/viewall.html","url_text":"\"2008 Subaru Turbodiesel Boxer - First Drive\""}]},{"reference":"\"A True Engineering Revolution\". SUBARU BOXER DIESEL. Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140301122607/http://boxerdiesel.com/engineering/en/01.html","url_text":"\"A True Engineering Revolution\""},{"url":"http://www.boxerdiesel.com/engineering/en/01.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Flat-12 engine\". Ferrari.com. Ferrari S.p.A. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131225102235/http://www.ferrari.com/English/GT_Sport%20Cars/RacingInnovation/Pages/Flat_12_engine.aspx","url_text":"\"Flat-12 engine\""},{"url":"https://www.ferrari.com/English/GT_Sport%20Cars/RacingInnovation/Pages/Flat_12_engine.aspx","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a15126436/the-physics-of-engine-cylinder-bank-angles-feature/","external_links_name":"\"The Physics of: Engine Cylinder-Bank Angles\""},{"Link":"https://www.subaru.com.au/why-subaru/performance","external_links_name":"\"Subaru Car Performance\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140227052947/http://www.superstreetonline.com/techarticles/sstp_1301_how_boxer_engines_work/","external_links_name":"\"How Boxer Engines Work\""},{"Link":"http://www.superstreetonline.com/techarticles/sstp_1301_how_boxer_engines_work/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.gizmag.com/go/6800/","external_links_name":"\"The world's first horizontally-opposed turbo diesel engine\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131220085552/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/car-life/classic-cars/the-engine-that-benz-built-still-survives/article4317376/","external_links_name":"\"The engine that Benz built still survives\""},{"Link":"https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/car-life/classic-cars/the-engine-that-benz-built-still-survives/article4317376/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131219232421/http://fgwcf.org/rever/debut_legende.asp","external_links_name":"\"Début de la légende\""},{"Link":"http://fgwcf.org/rever/debut_legende.asp","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=-vj8BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12","external_links_name":"Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology"},{"Link":"http://www.benzinsider.com/2008/03/mercedes-heritage-four-cylinder-engines-from-mercedes-benz/","external_links_name":"\"Mercedes Heritage: Four-cylinder engines from Mercedes-Benz\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131221053109/http://subaru-philosophy.com/post/29112851147/distinct-engineering-mounted-into-the-subaru-1000","external_links_name":"\"Distinct Engineering Mounted into the Subaru 1000\""},{"Link":"http://subaru-philosophy.com/post/29112851147/distinct-engineering-mounted-into-the-subaru-1000","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.scoobyblog.com/2007-01-04/vintage-subaru-ad-1973-the-subaru-gl-coupe","external_links_name":"\"» Vintage Subaru Ad (1973 The Subaru GL Coupe)\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190921022942/http://www.dailyturismo.com/2018/06/flat-6-club-1993-subaru-impreza-w.html","external_links_name":"\"Flat-6 Club: 1993 Subaru Impreza w/ Legacy 6-Cyl\""},{"Link":"http://www.dailyturismo.com/2018/06/flat-6-club-1993-subaru-impreza-w.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/01/subarus-first-b.html","external_links_name":"\"Greencarcongress\""},{"Link":"https://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/sedans/112_0801_subaru_boxer_turbodiesel_first_drive/viewall.html","external_links_name":"\"2008 Subaru Turbodiesel Boxer - First Drive\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140301122607/http://boxerdiesel.com/engineering/en/01.html","external_links_name":"\"A True Engineering Revolution\""},{"Link":"http://www.boxerdiesel.com/engineering/en/01.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131225102235/http://www.ferrari.com/English/GT_Sport%20Cars/RacingInnovation/Pages/Flat_12_engine.aspx","external_links_name":"\"Flat-12 engine\""},{"Link":"https://www.ferrari.com/English/GT_Sport%20Cars/RacingInnovation/Pages/Flat_12_engine.aspx","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/4358824-4","external_links_name":"Germany"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm_Boy_(novel)
|
Farm Boy (novel)
|
["1 Characters","2 Plot","3 Adaptation","4 Reception","5 References","6 External links"]
|
1997 novel
Farm Boy First editionAuthorMichael MorpurgoIllustratorMichael ForemanLanguageEnglishSeriesWar HorseGenreHistorical Fiction, Animals, Children'sPublished1997 Pavilion BooksPublication placeUnited KingdomPages112ISBN978-0007450657Preceded byWar Horse
Farm Boy is a children's novel by Michael Morpurgo, best known as being the sequel to the popular novel War Horse. The book was first published in the United Kingdom in 1997 by Pavilion Books Limited and is illustrated by Michael Foreman. It was not initially planned for Morpurgo to write a sequel to War Horse, but the story was inspired after receiving many enquiries about what happens to Joey, a horse in service of the Army (the main character from War Horse) after the Great War. In an article in ChronicleLive Michael Morpurgo also stated that his favourite of his own works was Farm Boy. The book captures modern life on a farm in rural Devon, where Michael Morpurgo lives, while having retrospective flashbacks to the lives of Albert and Joey (characters from War Horse). He stated in the article in ChronicleLive:
"I think Farm Horse because it's about my home and because I know every lane, every hedge and every field in the book because it's right outside my window. It's very close to my heart and Michael Foreman's illustrations are simply to die for. He really responded to it beautifully."
Farm Boy was republished in 1999 by HarperCollins Children's Book, though it was never as successful as the original novel.
Characters
Main protagonist – a young boy, who grows over the course of the story to become a young adult. He is the great-grandson of Albert. He lives in London, but often visits Grandpa over the summer and enjoys listening to his stories as well as helping him around the farm.
Grandpa – The grandfather of the protagonist and the son of Albert. He regularly tells stories to the protagonist about his life and the stories he learned of his Father.
Albert/Father/Corporal – The father of Grandpa and the original owner of Joey. He is a character from the book War Horse as well as this book. From when he first met Joey, he deeply cared about him, and went to extreme lengths to keep him safe and by his side. Albert is never referred to by his first name in the book. Instead he is either called Father by Grandpa, or the "Corporal" by townsfolk.
Joey – the younger horse owned by Albert and the main protagonist from the prequel War Horse. While the first book is narrated by Joey, Farm Boy is narrated entirely by humans, and so Joey is more realistic in a sense from this book's perspective.
Zoey – An old mare and the second horse that Albert owns. Zoey is older than Joey by about 5 years and was on Albert's farm when Albert was a child before Joey.
Harry Medlicott – A rich neighbouring farmer. In the course of the book he begins to dispute with Albert, believing that his new tractor is far superior to Albert's horses Joey and Zoey.
Plot
The story begins in "Burrow", a farm house in Devon where the protagonist, a young boy at the beginning of the story, visits his Grandpa. The young boy enjoys regularly visiting his Grandpa, especially during the summer, and imagining himself driving the old green Fordson tractor in the back of the barn. It is acknowledged that this tractor is very important. The grandfather tells the protagonist the story behind how he loves swallows – that they were the first birds he ever saw and when his Father was young (the great-grandfather of the protagonist) the Father would go out and pinch the eggs of sparrows and rooks because they would always interfere with the farm; his Father would leave the swallows' nests alone because they never bothered his farm. In fact, Father even punched a friend for stealing from a swallow's nest, getting Father into trouble. Father is described as always managing to get into fights when he was younger.
The protagonist's Grandpa then went on to describe events between his own Father and a horse named Joey, indicating that the pair were Albert and Joey from the original. He describes the lengths his Father went to keep Joey safe, even joining the army to find Joey when he was taken away to be used in WWI. Father was only 14 years old at the time of joining the army and had to lie to get in. This section is primarily a flashback to the previous book and the events around and before the war, but from another perspective. After such events and the end of WWI, the protagonist's great-grandfather was commonly referred to as the "Corporal" by the townspeople.
Once the protagonist finishes school, now a young adult, he visits his Grandpa again during the summer. One day during this time Grandpa asks of the boy to help him to learn to read and write. When the Grandfather was a child he prioritised helping out on the farm with his Father as the Corporal had a lasting leg injury from the war and found it difficult to keep up with the work to be done. The Grandpa's wife attempted to teach him to read and write years later, after the protagonist's mother and her siblings had left the farm, but unfortunately died unexpectedly from a weak heart. This has left Grandpa distraught and embarrassed for many years. Grandpa makes a bet with the protagonist that if he can read Agatha Christie and even write a short story by Christmas he will give the boy a hundred pounds, and also offers to pay him during his time living and working on the farm to teach him to read and write.
Thanks to Grandpa's determination, on Christmas Eve he walks with the protagonist into the barn to read him Death on the Nile by Agatha Christie and by New Year he is able to read the book word for word. In February the boy chooses to travel to Australia and on the train he finds an envelope, containing the £100 from the bet and a story written by Grandpa.
The story is a recollection of how the Corporal, his two horses Joey and Zoey and his son (Grandpa) challenge an arrogant farmer, Harry Medlicott, in a bet where if the horses ploughed more than Medlicott's tractor, the Corporal receives his tractor. Despite determination from the Corporal, at the beginning of the bet the tractor easily pulls ahead, however after the break it refuses to start again. When the tractor starts back up again the Corporal is slightly in the lead, however Medlicott quickly catches, and the Corporal can no longer bear the strain due to his injury. Grandpa takes over and leads the horses in ploughing. In a surprising turn of events Medlicott accidentally tips the tractor over into a ditch, allowing Grandpa to just barely pull ahead and win. The tractor is the same one which resides in Grandpa's barn in the protagonist's time. This leads the protagonist to deciding to study engineering at college, before returning to the farm to live and work there while also fixing up the tractor so it is one day usable again.
Adaptation
A preview of the play adaptation.
The novel has also become an inspiration for a play - the director Daniel Buckroyd's adaptation in October 2009 with New Perspectives Theater Company and another co-production with Scamp Theater in 2012. The play was a great success, having a great number of viewers in UK, reaching the Brits Off Broadway Festival – Christmas in New York City in USA.
Reception
Teenreads puts Farm boy in a positive light, stating "FARM BOY is a great book, perfect for a young adventurous reader who loves history, animals and family stories all put together. The prose may be easy to read, but the emotion is dug in as deeply as the burrows on Grandpa’s farm."
References
^ "Michael Morpurgo on War Horse and beyond". BBC News. 29 July 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
^ Whetstone, David (1 December 2015). "Michael Morpurgo explains why Seven Stories is the best place for his literary archive". Chronicle Live. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
^ "Michael Morpurgo on his sequel to War Horse, Telegraph". The Telegraph. 27 July 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
^ "Harper Collins Books: Farm Boy". HarperCollins UK. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
^ Crompton, Sarah (3 September 2010). "Farm Boy, Assembly Rooms, Edinburgh". The Telegraph. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
^ "New Perspectives, Farm Boy". New Perspectives. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
^ Siciliano, Jana (27 July 2012). "Review - Farm Boy by Michael Morpurgo". Teen Reads. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
External links
Children's literature portal
Daniel Buckroyd - Mercury Theatre, Colchester Archived 21 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine
Scamp Theater
|
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It was not initially planned for Morpurgo to write a sequel to War Horse, but the story was inspired after receiving many enquiries about what happens to Joey, a horse in service of the Army (the main character from War Horse) after the Great War.[1] In an article in ChronicleLive Michael Morpurgo also stated that his favourite of his own works was Farm Boy.[2] The book captures modern life on a farm in rural Devon, where Michael Morpurgo lives,[3] while having retrospective flashbacks to the lives of Albert and Joey (characters from War Horse). He stated in the article in ChronicleLive:\"I think Farm Horse because it's about my home and because I know every lane, every hedge and every field in the book because it's right outside my window. It's very close to my heart and Michael Foreman's illustrations are simply to die for. He really responded to it beautifully.\"Farm Boy was republished in 1999 by HarperCollins Children's Book,[4] though it was never as successful as the original novel.","title":"Farm Boy (novel)"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Main protagonist – a young boy, who grows over the course of the story to become a young adult. He is the great-grandson of Albert. He lives in London, but often visits Grandpa over the summer and enjoys listening to his stories as well as helping him around the farm.Grandpa – The grandfather of the protagonist and the son of Albert. He regularly tells stories to the protagonist about his life and the stories he learned of his Father.Albert/Father/Corporal – The father of Grandpa and the original owner of Joey. He is a character from the book War Horse as well as this book. From when he first met Joey, he deeply cared about him, and went to extreme lengths to keep him safe and by his side. Albert is never referred to by his first name in the book. Instead he is either called Father by Grandpa, or the \"Corporal\" by townsfolk.Joey – the younger horse owned by Albert and the main protagonist from the prequel War Horse. While the first book is narrated by Joey, Farm Boy is narrated entirely by humans, and so Joey is more realistic in a sense from this book's perspective.Zoey – An old mare and the second horse that Albert owns. Zoey is older than Joey by about 5 years and was on Albert's farm when Albert was a child before Joey.Harry Medlicott – A rich neighbouring farmer. In the course of the book he begins to dispute with Albert, believing that his new tractor is far superior to Albert's horses Joey and Zoey.","title":"Characters"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"sparrows","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_World_sparrow"},{"link_name":"rooks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rook_(bird)"},{"link_name":"Death on the Nile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_on_the_Nile"},{"link_name":"Agatha Christie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agatha_Christie"}],"text":"The story begins in \"Burrow\", a farm house in Devon where the protagonist, a young boy at the beginning of the story, visits his Grandpa. The young boy enjoys regularly visiting his Grandpa, especially during the summer, and imagining himself driving the old green Fordson tractor in the back of the barn. It is acknowledged that this tractor is very important. The grandfather tells the protagonist the story behind how he loves swallows – that they were the first birds he ever saw and when his Father was young (the great-grandfather of the protagonist) the Father would go out and pinch the eggs of sparrows and rooks because they would always interfere with the farm; his Father would leave the swallows' nests alone because they never bothered his farm. In fact, Father even punched a friend for stealing from a swallow's nest, getting Father into trouble. Father is described as always managing to get into fights when he was younger.The protagonist's Grandpa then went on to describe events between his own Father and a horse named Joey, indicating that the pair were Albert and Joey from the original. He describes the lengths his Father went to keep Joey safe, even joining the army to find Joey when he was taken away to be used in WWI. Father was only 14 years old at the time of joining the army and had to lie to get in. This section is primarily a flashback to the previous book and the events around and before the war, but from another perspective. After such events and the end of WWI, the protagonist's great-grandfather was commonly referred to as the \"Corporal\" by the townspeople.Once the protagonist finishes school, now a young adult, he visits his Grandpa again during the summer. One day during this time Grandpa asks of the boy to help him to learn to read and write. When the Grandfather was a child he prioritised helping out on the farm with his Father as the Corporal had a lasting leg injury from the war and found it difficult to keep up with the work to be done. The Grandpa's wife attempted to teach him to read and write years later, after the protagonist's mother and her siblings had left the farm, but unfortunately died unexpectedly from a weak heart. This has left Grandpa distraught and embarrassed for many years. Grandpa makes a bet with the protagonist that if he can read Agatha Christie and even write a short story by Christmas he will give the boy a hundred pounds, and also offers to pay him during his time living and working on the farm to teach him to read and write.Thanks to Grandpa's determination, on Christmas Eve he walks with the protagonist into the barn to read him Death on the Nile by Agatha Christie and by New Year he is able to read the book word for word. In February the boy chooses to travel to Australia and on the train he finds an envelope, containing the £100 from the bet and a story written by Grandpa.The story is a recollection of how the Corporal, his two horses Joey and Zoey and his son (Grandpa) challenge an arrogant farmer, Harry Medlicott, in a bet where if the horses ploughed more than Medlicott's tractor, the Corporal receives his tractor. Despite determination from the Corporal, at the beginning of the bet the tractor easily pulls ahead, however after the break it refuses to start again. When the tractor starts back up again the Corporal is slightly in the lead, however Medlicott quickly catches, and the Corporal can no longer bear the strain due to his injury. Grandpa takes over and leads the horses in ploughing. In a surprising turn of events Medlicott accidentally tips the tractor over into a ditch, allowing Grandpa to just barely pull ahead and win. The tractor is the same one which resides in Grandpa's barn in the protagonist's time. This leads the protagonist to deciding to study engineering at college, before returning to the farm to live and work there while also fixing up the tractor so it is one day usable again.","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PlayPicture.jpg"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"A preview of the play adaptation.The novel has also become an inspiration for a play[5] - the director Daniel Buckroyd's adaptation in October 2009 with New Perspectives Theater Company and another co-production with Scamp Theater in 2012.[6] The play was a great success, having a great number of viewers in UK, reaching the Brits Off Broadway Festival – Christmas in New York City in USA.","title":"Adaptation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"Teenreads puts Farm boy in a positive light, stating \"FARM BOY is a great book, perfect for a young adventurous reader who loves history, animals and family stories all put together. The prose may be easy to read, but the emotion is dug in as deeply as the burrows on Grandpa’s farm.\"[7]","title":"Reception"}]
|
[{"image_text":"A preview of the play adaptation.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c1/PlayPicture.jpg/220px-PlayPicture.jpg"}]
| null |
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Spain_relations
|
Poland–Spain relations
|
["1 History","2 High-level visits","3 Cultural relations","4 Polish community in Spain","5 Trade","6 Resident diplomatic missions","7 See also","8 Notes","9 Further reading","10 External links"]
|
Bilateral relationsPolish–Spanish relations
Poland
Spain
Poland–Spain relations are cultural and political relations between Poland and Spain. Both nations are members of NATO, the European Union, OECD, OSCE, the Council of Europe and the United Nations.
Spain has given full support to Poland's membership in the European Union and NATO.
History
Przebendowski Palace in Warsaw, seat of Spanish ambassador to Poland Count of Aranda in the 1760s
First contact between the Kingdoms of Poland and Spain date to Late Middle Ages, where merchants, travelers and Jesuits traveled between both countries. Early Polish diplomats in Spain in the 16th century included Johannes Dantiscus and Piotr Dunin-Wolski. While the Polish and Spanish forms of governments evolved in a different direction, the diplomacy of both countries was more likely to support one another than not. In 1557, Queen Bona Sforza of Poland made a loan to King Philip II of Spain, most of which was never repaid, despite Polish diplomatic efforts and requests (see Neapolitan sums). In 1639 the two kingdoms signed a military treaty; however, it has not been implemented. Polish writer and translator Andrzej Chryzostom Załuski was a Polish diplomat in Spain in the 1670s. Spain was the only country to protest over the First Partition of Poland, and in 1795, following the final Third Partition of Poland, Spanish diplomat Don Domingo d'Yriarte was one of the last foreign diplomats to vacate his post in Warsaw.
During the Peninsular War (1809–1814) in Spain, a number of Polish soldiers fought on the side of Napoleon. The Vistula Legion gained fame at the Battle of Saragossa. The Polish Chevau-léger regiment distinguished itself at the Battle of Somosierra in 1808. In February 1864, Spanish authorities arrested in Málaga a Polish ship with arms and ammunition, which had been organized by Polish émigré activists in Western Europe to support the ongoing Polish January Uprising in partitioned Poland. In the 1930s a number of Polish volunteers participated in the Spanish Civil War on the Republican side and were primarily assigned to the Dabrowski Battalion.
Poland and Spain re-established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1919, after Poland regained independence in the aftermath of World War I. During World War II, Spain remained neutral and did not participate in the war directly. Despite pressure from Germany, Spain did not close the Polish embassy, which was thus still able to represent the Polish government-in-exile. The Honorary Consulate of Poland in Barcelona organized temporary accommodation, false documents and transport for Polish civilians and military who fled from France to Spain in 1939–1942 with the intention of reaching the Polish-allied United Kingdom. During the war, some Spanish nationals, alike Poles, were imprisoned by the Germans in the Stalag VIII-C prisoner-of-war camp in Żagań, the Sonnenburg concentration camp in Słońsk, and a subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in Osła.
In 1945, the German occupation of Poland ended and the country's independence was restored, although with a Soviet-installed puppet communist regime. The Polish government-in-exile was officially recognized by Spain as the Polish government until ‘halfway through 1968’ according to Jacek Majchrowski’s study - diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of Poland were established only in 31 January 1977, as the government of the People's Republic of Poland refused to recognize the government of General Francisco Franco. A double tax avoidance agreement was signed between the two countries in Madrid in 1979. After the Autumn of Nations and formation of a new, non-communist Polish government, both countries signed a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in 1992. In 1998, both countries signed a Common Polish-Spanish Declaration. Since 2003, irregular bilateral conferences between prime ministers of both nations take place; as of 2012 eight such meetings have taken place.
April 12, 2010, was declared a day of national mourning in Spain to commemorate the 96 victims of the Smolensk air disaster, including Polish President Lech Kaczyński and his wife Maria Kaczyńska.
High-level visits
Polish Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki with Spanish Prime Minister Felipe González in Madrid; 1990.
Presidential and Prime Ministerial visits from Poland to Spain
Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki (1990)
President Aleksander Kwaśniewski (2003)
Prime Minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz (2006)
President Lech Kaczyński (2008)
Prime Minister Donald Tusk (2011 and 2013)
President Bronisław Komorowski (2011)
Prime Minister Ewa Kopacz (2015)
Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki (2021)
Royal and Prime Ministerial visits from Spain to Poland
King Juan Carlos I of Spain (1989 and 2001)
Prime Minister José María Aznar (2004 and 2007)
Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2009)
Crown Prince Felipe (2012)
Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy (2012, 2014, 2016)
Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez (2018, 2022)
Cultural relations
Seat of the Instituto Cervantes in Kraków, Poland
Certain ties in Polish and Spanish cultures can be explained by the fact that Poland and Spain had the highest percentage of petty nobility in Europe (hidalgos, szlachta), which encouraged ties between educated elites, and mutual references. Even more importantly, both countries also shared a strong Catholic history, on the frontier of struggles against Islamic conquest (Antemurale Christianitatis, Reconquista). Spain had a significant influence on Polish culture, particularly in literature. Spanish works have been translated into Polish and Spain was a setting of some famous Polish works such as The Manuscript Found in Saragossa, and influenced major Polish literary figures, such as Juliusz Słowacki.
In the 21st century both governments promoted their partner's culture at home, with the Polish Year in Spain in 2002 and the Spanish Year in Poland in 2003. There are Cervantes Institutes in Warsaw and Kraków, and a Polish Institute in Madrid. Spain is a popular tourist destination for Poles, with about half a million of Poles visiting Spain each year. The Spanish language is a popular foreign language in Poland.
Polish community in Spain
Spain has an estimated Polish community of 100,000 people, many who arrived to Spain after World War II and after Poland joined the European Union in 2004.
Trade
In 2017, trade between Poland Spain totaled €8 billion Euros. Poland's main exports to Spain include: automobile, machinery, pharmaceutical products, electronics and furniture. Spain's main exports to Poland include: automobiles, electrical equipment, electronics and machinery. In 2016, Spanish companies invested €171 million Euros in Poland, becoming the 6th largest foreign direct investor in the country.
Resident diplomatic missions
Embassy of Spain in Warsaw
Poland has an embassy in Madrid, and a consulate-general in Barcelona.
Spain has an embassy in Warsaw.
See also
Foreign relations of Poland
Foreign relations of Spain
Dabrowski Battalion
Poles in Spain
Notes
^ Harold B. Segel (1989). Renaissance Culture in Poland: The Rise of Humanism, 1470-1543. Cornell University Press. pp. 175–176. ISBN 978-0-8014-2286-7. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
^ Adam Kucharski (1 January 2007). Hiszpania i Hiszpanie w relacjach Polaków: wrażenia z podróży i pobytu od XVI do początków XIX w. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Semper. p. 117. ISBN 978-83-7507-022-4. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
^ a b c d Marek Jan Chodakiewicz; John Radzilowski (2003). Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Transaction Publishers. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-9679960-5-9. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
^ a b c d Marek Jan Chodakiewicz; John Radzilowski (2003). Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Transaction Publishers. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-9679960-5-9. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
^ George Nafziger and Tad J. Kwiatkowski, The Polish Vistula Legion. Napoleon. No. 1 : January 1996
^ Zieliński, Stanisław (1913). Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu (in Polish). Rapperswil: Fundusz Wydawniczy Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu. p. 299.
^ "Dąbrowszczacy". IPN. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
^ "A Telling "Omission"". Osaarchivum.org. Archived from the original on 2017-09-22. Retrieved 2012-10-24.
^ a b c d e f "Bilateral cooperation". Msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 2019-03-07.
^ "Punkt kontaktowy w Barcelonie". Ośrodek Debaty Międzynarodowej Rzeszów (in Polish). Retrieved 4 April 2021.
^ Stanek, Piotr; Terpińska-Greszczeszyn, Justyna (2011). "W cieniu "wielkiej ucieczki". Kompleks obozow jenieckich Sagan (1939–1945)". Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 34. Opole: 128.
^ "Słońsk: 73. rocznica zagłady więźniów niemieckiego obozu Sonnenburg". dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 17 October 2023.
^ "Subcamps of KL Gross-Rosen". Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
^ Umowa między Rządem Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej a Rządem Hiszpanii o unikaniu podwójnego opodatkowania w zakresie podatków od dochodu i majątku, podpisana w Madrycie dnia 15 listopada 1979 r., Dz. U. z 1982 r. Nr 17, poz. 127
^ "Kontakty polityczne" (in Polish). Madryt.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 2012-10-24.
^ "Na pogrzeb przyjadą przywódcy z całego świata". Interia.pl (in Polish). 12 April 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
^ a b c Ficha de País: Polonia (in Spanish)
^ Norman Davies (1996). Europe: A History. Oxford University Press. p. 584. ISBN 978-0-19-820171-7. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
^ Marek Jan Chodakiewicz; John Radzilowski (2003). Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Transaction Publishers. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-9679960-5-9. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
^ "Kultura i nauka" (in Polish). Msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 2012-10-24.
^ Polonia, Situación de las Relaciones Comerciales con España (in Spanish)
^ Embassy of Poland in Madrid
^ Embassy of Spain in Warsaw
Further reading
Gabriela Makowiecka, Po drogach polsko-hiszpańskich, Wydawnictwo Literackie, Kraków, 1984
External links
Bak, Grzegorz, La imagen de España en la literatura polaca del siglo XIX : (diarios, memorias, libros de viajes y otros testimonios literarios) / Grzegorz Bak ; director, Fernando Presa González, Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2004
BIBLIOGRAFÍA DE INTERÉS HISPANO-POLACO. En la biblioteca Guillermo Cabrera Infante (Instituto Cervantes de Varsovia)
Beata Wojna, Stosunki polsko-hiszpańskie w Unii Europejskiej, Biuletyn PISM, nr 18 (263), 2005-03-03
Polonia.es - page of the Polish minority in Spain
Bilateral cooperation, Polish Embassy in Madrid, Spain
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|
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Kaczyńska","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Kaczy%C5%84ska"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"text":"Przebendowski Palace in Warsaw, seat of Spanish ambassador to Poland Count of Aranda in the 1760sFirst contact between the Kingdoms of Poland and Spain date to Late Middle Ages, where merchants, travelers and Jesuits traveled between both countries. Early Polish diplomats in Spain in the 16th century included Johannes Dantiscus and Piotr Dunin-Wolski.[1][2] While the Polish and Spanish forms of governments evolved in a different direction, the diplomacy of both countries was more likely to support one another than not.[3][4] In 1557, Queen Bona Sforza of Poland made a loan to King Philip II of Spain, most of which was never repaid, despite Polish diplomatic efforts and requests (see Neapolitan sums). In 1639 the two kingdoms signed a military treaty; however, it has not been implemented. Polish writer and translator Andrzej Chryzostom Załuski was a Polish diplomat in Spain in the 1670s. Spain was the only country to protest over the First Partition of Poland, and in 1795, following the final Third Partition of Poland, Spanish diplomat Don Domingo d'Yriarte was one of the last foreign diplomats to vacate his post in Warsaw.[4]During the Peninsular War (1809–1814) in Spain, a number of Polish soldiers fought on the side of Napoleon. The Vistula Legion gained fame at the Battle of Saragossa.[5] The Polish Chevau-léger regiment distinguished itself at the Battle of Somosierra in 1808.[4] In February 1864, Spanish authorities arrested in Málaga a Polish ship with arms and ammunition, which had been organized by Polish émigré activists in Western Europe to support the ongoing Polish January Uprising in partitioned Poland.[6] In the 1930s a number of Polish volunteers participated in the Spanish Civil War on the Republican side and were primarily assigned to the Dabrowski Battalion.[7][8]Poland and Spain re-established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1919, after Poland regained independence in the aftermath of World War I.[9] During World War II, Spain remained neutral and did not participate in the war directly. Despite pressure from Germany, Spain did not close the Polish embassy, which was thus still able to represent the Polish government-in-exile. The Honorary Consulate of Poland in Barcelona organized temporary accommodation, false documents and transport for Polish civilians and military who fled from France to Spain in 1939–1942 with the intention of reaching the Polish-allied United Kingdom.[10] During the war, some Spanish nationals, alike Poles, were imprisoned by the Germans in the Stalag VIII-C prisoner-of-war camp in Żagań, the Sonnenburg concentration camp in Słońsk, and a subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in Osła.[11][12][13]In 1945, the German occupation of Poland ended and the country's independence was restored, although with a Soviet-installed puppet communist regime. The Polish government-in-exile was officially recognized by Spain as the Polish government until ‘halfway through 1968’ according to Jacek Majchrowski’s study - diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of Poland were established only in 31 January 1977, as the government of the People's Republic of Poland refused to recognize the government of General Francisco Franco.[9] A double tax avoidance agreement was signed between the two countries in Madrid in 1979.[14] After the Autumn of Nations and formation of a new, non-communist Polish government, both countries signed a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in 1992.[9] In 1998, both countries signed a Common Polish-Spanish Declaration.[9] Since 2003, irregular bilateral conferences between prime ministers of both nations take place; as of 2012 eight such meetings have taken place.[9][15]April 12, 2010, was declared a day of national mourning in Spain to commemorate the 96 victims of the Smolensk air disaster, including Polish President Lech Kaczyński and his wife Maria Kaczyńska.[16]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rueda_de_prensa_de_Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_con_el_primer_ministro_de_Polonia._Pool_Moncloa._26_de_septiembre_de_1990.jpeg"},{"link_name":"Felipe González","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ficha-17"},{"link_name":"Tadeusz Mazowiecki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki"},{"link_name":"Aleksander Kwaśniewski","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_Kwa%C5%9Bniewski"},{"link_name":"Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz"},{"link_name":"Lech Kaczyński","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lech_Kaczy%C5%84ski"},{"link_name":"Donald Tusk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tusk"},{"link_name":"Bronisław Komorowski","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Komorowski"},{"link_name":"Ewa Kopacz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewa_Kopacz"},{"link_name":"Mateusz Morawiecki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mateusz_Morawiecki"},{"link_name":"Juan Carlos I of Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain"},{"link_name":"José María Aznar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar"},{"link_name":"José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero"},{"link_name":"Felipe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_VI_of_Spain"},{"link_name":"Mariano Rajoy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy"},{"link_name":"Pedro Sánchez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_(politician)"}],"text":"Polish Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki with Spanish Prime Minister Felipe González in Madrid; 1990.Presidential and Prime Ministerial visits from Poland to Spain[17]Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki (1990)\nPresident Aleksander Kwaśniewski (2003)\nPrime Minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz (2006)\nPresident Lech Kaczyński (2008)\nPrime Minister Donald Tusk (2011 and 2013)\nPresident Bronisław Komorowski (2011)\nPrime Minister Ewa Kopacz (2015)\nPrime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki (2021)Royal and Prime Ministerial visits from Spain to PolandKing Juan Carlos I of Spain (1989 and 2001)\nPrime Minister José María Aznar (2004 and 2007)\nPrime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2009)\nCrown Prince Felipe (2012)\nPrime Minister Mariano Rajoy (2012, 2014, 2016)\nPrime Minister Pedro Sánchez (2018, 2022)","title":"High-level visits"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KamienicaMalarnia-UlicaGrodzka57-POL,_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg"},{"link_name":"Instituto Cervantes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Cervantes"},{"link_name":"Kraków","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w"},{"link_name":"petty nobility","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petty_nobility"},{"link_name":"hidalgos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidalgo_(nobility)"},{"link_name":"szlachta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szlachta"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ChodakiewiczRadzilowski2003-46-3"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Davies1996-18"},{"link_name":"Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic"},{"link_name":"Islamic conquest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests"},{"link_name":"Antemurale Christianitatis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antemurale_Christianitatis"},{"link_name":"Reconquista","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconquista"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ChodakiewiczRadzilowski2003-46-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ChodakiewiczRadzilowski2003-46-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ChodakiewiczRadzilowski2003-47-4"},{"link_name":"The Manuscript Found in Saragossa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Manuscript_Found_in_Saragossa"},{"link_name":"Juliusz Słowacki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliusz_S%C5%82owacki"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ChodakiewiczRadzilowski2003-48-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kultura_i_nauka-20"},{"link_name":"Cervantes Institutes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervantes_Institute"},{"link_name":"Kraków","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w"},{"link_name":"Polish Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Institute"},{"link_name":"Madrid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid"},{"link_name":"Spanish language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language"}],"text":"Seat of the Instituto Cervantes in Kraków, PolandCertain ties in Polish and Spanish cultures can be explained by the fact that Poland and Spain had the highest percentage of petty nobility in Europe (hidalgos, szlachta), which encouraged ties between educated elites, and mutual references.[3][18] Even more importantly, both countries also shared a strong Catholic history, on the frontier of struggles against Islamic conquest (Antemurale Christianitatis, Reconquista).[3] Spain had a significant influence on Polish culture, particularly in literature.[3][4] Spanish works have been translated into Polish and Spain was a setting of some famous Polish works such as The Manuscript Found in Saragossa, and influenced major Polish literary figures, such as Juliusz Słowacki.[19]In the 21st century both governments promoted their partner's culture at home, with the Polish Year in Spain in 2002 and the Spanish Year in Poland in 2003.[20] There are Cervantes Institutes in Warsaw and Kraków, and a Polish Institute in Madrid. Spain is a popular tourist destination for Poles, with about half a million of Poles visiting Spain each year. The Spanish language is a popular foreign language in Poland.","title":"Cultural relations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-msz-9"}],"text":"Spain has an estimated Polish community of 100,000 people, many who arrived to Spain after World War II and after Poland joined the European Union in 2004.[9]","title":"Polish community in Spain"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ficha-17"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Ficha-17"}],"text":"In 2017, trade between Poland Spain totaled €8 billion Euros.[17] Poland's main exports to Spain include: automobile, machinery, pharmaceutical products, electronics and furniture. Spain's main exports to Poland include: automobiles, electrical equipment, electronics and machinery.[21] In 2016, Spanish companies invested €171 million Euros in Poland, becoming the 6th largest foreign direct investor in the country.[17]","title":"Trade"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ambasada_Hiszpanii_w_Polsce_ul._My%C5%9Bliwiecka.jpg"},{"link_name":"Madrid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid"},{"link_name":"Barcelona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Warsaw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"Embassy of Spain in WarsawPoland has an embassy in Madrid, and a consulate-general in Barcelona.[22]\nSpain has an embassy in Warsaw.[23]","title":"Resident diplomatic missions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Segel1989_1-0"},{"link_name":"Renaissance Culture in Poland: The Rise of Humanism, 1470-1543","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/renaissancecultu00sege"},{"link_name":"175","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/renaissancecultu00sege/page/175"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-8014-2286-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-2286-7"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Kucharski2007_2-0"},{"link_name":"Hiszpania i Hiszpanie w relacjach Polaków: wrażenia z podróży i pobytu od XVI do początków XIX w","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=zakjAQAAIAAJ"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-83-7507-022-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-7507-022-4"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-ChodakiewiczRadzilowski2003-46_3-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-ChodakiewiczRadzilowski2003-46_3-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-ChodakiewiczRadzilowski2003-46_3-2"},{"link_name":"d","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-ChodakiewiczRadzilowski2003-46_3-3"},{"link_name":"Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=Q-ow6DEQOBoC&pg=PA46"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-9679960-5-9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9679960-5-9"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-ChodakiewiczRadzilowski2003-47_4-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-ChodakiewiczRadzilowski2003-47_4-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-ChodakiewiczRadzilowski2003-47_4-2"},{"link_name":"d","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-ChodakiewiczRadzilowski2003-47_4-3"},{"link_name":"Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=Q-ow6DEQOBoC&pg=PA47"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-9679960-5-9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9679960-5-9"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-nk_5-0"},{"link_name":"The Polish Vistula Legion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20070331144429/http://magweb.com/sample/snap/s1vist.htm"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-6"},{"link_name":"Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Museum,_Rapperswil"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-ipn_7-0"},{"link_name":"\"Dąbrowszczacy\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.ipn.gov.pl/portal/pl/398/4906/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-osaarchivum_8-0"},{"link_name":"\"A Telling \"Omission\"\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20170922064927/http://osaarchivum.org/files/holdings/300/8/3/text/44-6-93.shtml"},{"link_name":"the original","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.osaarchivum.org/files/holdings/300/8/3/text/44-6-93.shtml"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-msz_9-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-msz_9-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-msz_9-2"},{"link_name":"d","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-msz_9-3"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-msz_9-4"},{"link_name":"f","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-msz_9-5"},{"link_name":"\"Bilateral cooperation\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.msz.gov.pl/en/foreign_policy/europe/bilateral_relations_europe/spain"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-10"},{"link_name":"\"Punkt kontaktowy w Barcelonie\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//rodm-rzeszow.pl/11-punkt-kontaktowy-w-barcelonie/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-11"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-12"},{"link_name":"\"Słońsk: 73. rocznica zagłady więźniów niemieckiego obozu Sonnenburg\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//dzieje.pl/aktualnosci/slonsk-73-rocznica-zaglady-wiezniow-niemieckiego-obozu-sonnenburg"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-13"},{"link_name":"\"Subcamps of KL Gross-Rosen\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.gross-rosen.eu/historia-kl-gross-rosen/filie-obozu-gross-rosen/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-14"},{"link_name":"Umowa między Rządem Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej a Rządem Hiszpanii o unikaniu podwójnego opodatkowania w zakresie podatków od dochodu i majątku, podpisana w Madrycie dnia 15 listopada 1979 r.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19820170127"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Kontakty_polityczne_15-0"},{"link_name":"\"Kontakty polityczne\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//madryt.msz.gov.pl/pl/wspolpraca_dwustronna/wspolpraca_polityczna/kontakty_polityczne"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-16"},{"link_name":"\"Na pogrzeb przyjadą przywódcy z całego świata\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//wydarzenia.interia.pl/raporty/raport-lech-kaczynski-nie-zyje/aktualnosci/news-na-pogrzeb-przyjada-przywodcy-z-calego-swiata,nId,878298"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Ficha_17-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Ficha_17-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Ficha_17-2"},{"link_name":"Ficha de País: Polonia (in Spanish)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.exteriores.gob.es/Documents/FichasPais/POLONIA_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Davies1996_18-0"},{"link_name":"Europe: A History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/europehistory00davi_0"},{"link_name":"584","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/europehistory00davi_0/page/584"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-19-820171-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-820171-7"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-ChodakiewiczRadzilowski2003-48_19-0"},{"link_name":"Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=Q-ow6DEQOBoC&pg=PA46"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-9679960-5-9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9679960-5-9"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Kultura_i_nauka_20-0"},{"link_name":"\"Kultura i nauka\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.msz.gov.pl/pl/p/madryt_es_a_pl/wspolpraca_dwustronna/wspolpraca_kulturalno-naukowa/kultura_i_nauka"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-21"},{"link_name":"Polonia, Situación de las Relaciones Comerciales con España (in Spanish)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ceoe.es/es/contenido/actualidad/noticias/polonia-situacion-de-las-relaciones-comerciales-con-espana"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-22"},{"link_name":"Embassy of Poland in Madrid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//madryt.msz.gov.pl/es/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-23"},{"link_name":"Embassy of Spain in Warsaw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.exteriores.gob.es/Embajadas/Varsovia/es/Paginas/inicio.aspx"}],"text":"^ Harold B. Segel (1989). Renaissance Culture in Poland: The Rise of Humanism, 1470-1543. Cornell University Press. pp. 175–176. ISBN 978-0-8014-2286-7. Retrieved 24 October 2012.\n\n^ Adam Kucharski (1 January 2007). Hiszpania i Hiszpanie w relacjach Polaków: wrażenia z podróży i pobytu od XVI do początków XIX w. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Semper. p. 117. ISBN 978-83-7507-022-4. Retrieved 24 October 2012.\n\n^ a b c d Marek Jan Chodakiewicz; John Radzilowski (2003). Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Transaction Publishers. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-9679960-5-9. Retrieved 24 October 2012.\n\n^ a b c d Marek Jan Chodakiewicz; John Radzilowski (2003). Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Transaction Publishers. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-9679960-5-9. Retrieved 24 October 2012.\n\n^ George Nafziger and Tad J. Kwiatkowski, The Polish Vistula Legion. Napoleon. No. 1 : January 1996\n\n^ Zieliński, Stanisław (1913). Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu (in Polish). Rapperswil: Fundusz Wydawniczy Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu. p. 299.\n\n^ \"Dąbrowszczacy\". IPN. Retrieved 24 October 2012.\n\n^ \"A Telling \"Omission\"\". Osaarchivum.org. Archived from the original on 2017-09-22. Retrieved 2012-10-24.\n\n^ a b c d e f \"Bilateral cooperation\". Msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 2019-03-07.\n\n^ \"Punkt kontaktowy w Barcelonie\". Ośrodek Debaty Międzynarodowej Rzeszów (in Polish). Retrieved 4 April 2021.\n\n^ Stanek, Piotr; Terpińska-Greszczeszyn, Justyna (2011). \"W cieniu \"wielkiej ucieczki\". Kompleks obozow jenieckich Sagan (1939–1945)\". Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 34. Opole: 128.\n\n^ \"Słońsk: 73. rocznica zagłady więźniów niemieckiego obozu Sonnenburg\". dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 17 October 2023.\n\n^ \"Subcamps of KL Gross-Rosen\". Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica. Retrieved 17 October 2023.\n\n^ Umowa między Rządem Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej a Rządem Hiszpanii o unikaniu podwójnego opodatkowania w zakresie podatków od dochodu i majątku, podpisana w Madrycie dnia 15 listopada 1979 r., Dz. U. z 1982 r. Nr 17, poz. 127 \n\n^ \"Kontakty polityczne\" (in Polish). Madryt.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 2012-10-24.\n\n^ \"Na pogrzeb przyjadą przywódcy z całego świata\". Interia.pl (in Polish). 12 April 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2022.\n\n^ a b c Ficha de País: Polonia (in Spanish)\n\n^ Norman Davies (1996). Europe: A History. Oxford University Press. p. 584. ISBN 978-0-19-820171-7. Retrieved 24 October 2012.\n\n^ Marek Jan Chodakiewicz; John Radzilowski (2003). Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Transaction Publishers. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-9679960-5-9. Retrieved 24 October 2012.\n\n^ \"Kultura i nauka\" (in Polish). Msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 2012-10-24.\n\n^ Polonia, Situación de las Relaciones Comerciales con España (in Spanish)\n\n^ Embassy of Poland in Madrid\n\n^ Embassy of Spain in Warsaw","title":"Notes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Gabriela Makowiecka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabriela_Makowiecka&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"Gabriela Makowiecka, Po drogach polsko-hiszpańskich, Wydawnictwo Literackie, Kraków, 1984","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"image_text":"Przebendowski Palace in Warsaw, seat of Spanish ambassador to Poland Count of Aranda in the 1760s","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Pa%C5%82ac_Przebendowskich_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82%C3%B3w_w_Warszawie_elewacja_zachodnia.jpg/220px-Pa%C5%82ac_Przebendowskich_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82%C3%B3w_w_Warszawie_elewacja_zachodnia.jpg"},{"image_text":"Polish Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki with Spanish Prime Minister Felipe González in Madrid; 1990.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Rueda_de_prensa_de_Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_con_el_primer_ministro_de_Polonia._Pool_Moncloa._26_de_septiembre_de_1990.jpeg/220px-Rueda_de_prensa_de_Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_con_el_primer_ministro_de_Polonia._Pool_Moncloa._26_de_septiembre_de_1990.jpeg"},{"image_text":"Seat of the Instituto Cervantes in Kraków, Poland","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/KamienicaMalarnia-UlicaGrodzka57-POL%2C_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/220px-KamienicaMalarnia-UlicaGrodzka57-POL%2C_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg"},{"image_text":"Embassy of Spain in Warsaw","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ambasada_Hiszpanii_w_Polsce_ul._My%C5%9Bliwiecka.jpg/220px-Ambasada_Hiszpanii_w_Polsce_ul._My%C5%9Bliwiecka.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"Foreign relations of Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Poland"},{"title":"Foreign relations of Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain"},{"title":"Dabrowski Battalion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabrowski_Battalion"},{"title":"Poles in Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles_in_Spain"}]
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[{"reference":"Harold B. Segel (1989). Renaissance Culture in Poland: The Rise of Humanism, 1470-1543. Cornell University Press. pp. 175–176. ISBN 978-0-8014-2286-7. Retrieved 24 October 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/renaissancecultu00sege","url_text":"Renaissance Culture in Poland: The Rise of Humanism, 1470-1543"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/renaissancecultu00sege/page/175","url_text":"175"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-2286-7","url_text":"978-0-8014-2286-7"}]},{"reference":"Adam Kucharski (1 January 2007). Hiszpania i Hiszpanie w relacjach Polaków: wrażenia z podróży i pobytu od XVI do początków XIX w. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Semper. p. 117. ISBN 978-83-7507-022-4. Retrieved 24 October 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=zakjAQAAIAAJ","url_text":"Hiszpania i Hiszpanie w relacjach Polaków: wrażenia z podróży i pobytu od XVI do początków XIX w"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-7507-022-4","url_text":"978-83-7507-022-4"}]},{"reference":"Marek Jan Chodakiewicz; John Radzilowski (2003). Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Transaction Publishers. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-9679960-5-9. Retrieved 24 October 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-ow6DEQOBoC&pg=PA46","url_text":"Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9679960-5-9","url_text":"978-0-9679960-5-9"}]},{"reference":"Marek Jan Chodakiewicz; John Radzilowski (2003). Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Transaction Publishers. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-9679960-5-9. Retrieved 24 October 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-ow6DEQOBoC&pg=PA47","url_text":"Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9679960-5-9","url_text":"978-0-9679960-5-9"}]},{"reference":"Zieliński, Stanisław (1913). Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu (in Polish). Rapperswil: Fundusz Wydawniczy Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu. p. 299.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Museum,_Rapperswil","url_text":"Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu"}]},{"reference":"\"Dąbrowszczacy\". IPN. Retrieved 24 October 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ipn.gov.pl/portal/pl/398/4906/","url_text":"\"Dąbrowszczacy\""}]},{"reference":"\"A Telling \"Omission\"\". Osaarchivum.org. Archived from the original on 2017-09-22. Retrieved 2012-10-24.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170922064927/http://osaarchivum.org/files/holdings/300/8/3/text/44-6-93.shtml","url_text":"\"A Telling \"Omission\"\""},{"url":"http://www.osaarchivum.org/files/holdings/300/8/3/text/44-6-93.shtml","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Bilateral cooperation\". Msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 2019-03-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.msz.gov.pl/en/foreign_policy/europe/bilateral_relations_europe/spain","url_text":"\"Bilateral cooperation\""}]},{"reference":"\"Punkt kontaktowy w Barcelonie\". Ośrodek Debaty Międzynarodowej Rzeszów (in Polish). Retrieved 4 April 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://rodm-rzeszow.pl/11-punkt-kontaktowy-w-barcelonie/","url_text":"\"Punkt kontaktowy w Barcelonie\""}]},{"reference":"Stanek, Piotr; Terpińska-Greszczeszyn, Justyna (2011). \"W cieniu \"wielkiej ucieczki\". Kompleks obozow jenieckich Sagan (1939–1945)\". Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 34. Opole: 128.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Słońsk: 73. rocznica zagłady więźniów niemieckiego obozu Sonnenburg\". dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 17 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://dzieje.pl/aktualnosci/slonsk-73-rocznica-zaglady-wiezniow-niemieckiego-obozu-sonnenburg","url_text":"\"Słońsk: 73. rocznica zagłady więźniów niemieckiego obozu Sonnenburg\""}]},{"reference":"\"Subcamps of KL Gross-Rosen\". Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica. Retrieved 17 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.gross-rosen.eu/historia-kl-gross-rosen/filie-obozu-gross-rosen/","url_text":"\"Subcamps of KL Gross-Rosen\""}]},{"reference":"\"Kontakty polityczne\" (in Polish). Madryt.msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 2012-10-24.","urls":[{"url":"http://madryt.msz.gov.pl/pl/wspolpraca_dwustronna/wspolpraca_polityczna/kontakty_polityczne","url_text":"\"Kontakty polityczne\""}]},{"reference":"\"Na pogrzeb przyjadą przywódcy z całego świata\". Interia.pl (in Polish). 12 April 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://wydarzenia.interia.pl/raporty/raport-lech-kaczynski-nie-zyje/aktualnosci/news-na-pogrzeb-przyjada-przywodcy-z-calego-swiata,nId,878298","url_text":"\"Na pogrzeb przyjadą przywódcy z całego świata\""}]},{"reference":"Norman Davies (1996). Europe: A History. Oxford University Press. p. 584. ISBN 978-0-19-820171-7. Retrieved 24 October 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/europehistory00davi_0","url_text":"Europe: A History"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/europehistory00davi_0/page/584","url_text":"584"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-820171-7","url_text":"978-0-19-820171-7"}]},{"reference":"Marek Jan Chodakiewicz; John Radzilowski (2003). Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Transaction Publishers. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-9679960-5-9. Retrieved 24 October 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-ow6DEQOBoC&pg=PA46","url_text":"Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9679960-5-9","url_text":"978-0-9679960-5-9"}]},{"reference":"\"Kultura i nauka\" (in Polish). Msz.gov.pl. Retrieved 2012-10-24.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.msz.gov.pl/pl/p/madryt_es_a_pl/wspolpraca_dwustronna/wspolpraca_kulturalno-naukowa/kultura_i_nauka","url_text":"\"Kultura i nauka\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/renaissancecultu00sege","external_links_name":"Renaissance Culture in Poland: The Rise of Humanism, 1470-1543"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/renaissancecultu00sege/page/175","external_links_name":"175"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=zakjAQAAIAAJ","external_links_name":"Hiszpania i Hiszpanie w relacjach Polaków: wrażenia z podróży i pobytu od XVI do początków XIX w"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-ow6DEQOBoC&pg=PA46","external_links_name":"Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-ow6DEQOBoC&pg=PA47","external_links_name":"Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070331144429/http://magweb.com/sample/snap/s1vist.htm","external_links_name":"The Polish Vistula Legion"},{"Link":"http://www.ipn.gov.pl/portal/pl/398/4906/","external_links_name":"\"Dąbrowszczacy\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170922064927/http://osaarchivum.org/files/holdings/300/8/3/text/44-6-93.shtml","external_links_name":"\"A Telling \"Omission\"\""},{"Link":"http://www.osaarchivum.org/files/holdings/300/8/3/text/44-6-93.shtml","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.msz.gov.pl/en/foreign_policy/europe/bilateral_relations_europe/spain","external_links_name":"\"Bilateral cooperation\""},{"Link":"http://rodm-rzeszow.pl/11-punkt-kontaktowy-w-barcelonie/","external_links_name":"\"Punkt kontaktowy w Barcelonie\""},{"Link":"https://dzieje.pl/aktualnosci/slonsk-73-rocznica-zaglady-wiezniow-niemieckiego-obozu-sonnenburg","external_links_name":"\"Słońsk: 73. rocznica zagłady więźniów niemieckiego obozu Sonnenburg\""},{"Link":"https://en.gross-rosen.eu/historia-kl-gross-rosen/filie-obozu-gross-rosen/","external_links_name":"\"Subcamps of KL Gross-Rosen\""},{"Link":"https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19820170127","external_links_name":"Umowa między Rządem Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej a Rządem Hiszpanii o unikaniu podwójnego opodatkowania w zakresie podatków od dochodu i majątku, podpisana w Madrycie dnia 15 listopada 1979 r."},{"Link":"http://madryt.msz.gov.pl/pl/wspolpraca_dwustronna/wspolpraca_polityczna/kontakty_polityczne","external_links_name":"\"Kontakty polityczne\""},{"Link":"https://wydarzenia.interia.pl/raporty/raport-lech-kaczynski-nie-zyje/aktualnosci/news-na-pogrzeb-przyjada-przywodcy-z-calego-swiata,nId,878298","external_links_name":"\"Na pogrzeb przyjadą przywódcy z całego świata\""},{"Link":"http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Documents/FichasPais/POLONIA_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf","external_links_name":"Ficha de País: Polonia (in Spanish)"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/europehistory00davi_0","external_links_name":"Europe: A History"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/europehistory00davi_0/page/584","external_links_name":"584"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-ow6DEQOBoC&pg=PA46","external_links_name":"Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries"},{"Link":"http://www.msz.gov.pl/pl/p/madryt_es_a_pl/wspolpraca_dwustronna/wspolpraca_kulturalno-naukowa/kultura_i_nauka","external_links_name":"\"Kultura i nauka\""},{"Link":"https://www.ceoe.es/es/contenido/actualidad/noticias/polonia-situacion-de-las-relaciones-comerciales-con-espana","external_links_name":"Polonia, Situación de las Relaciones Comerciales con España (in Spanish)"},{"Link":"https://madryt.msz.gov.pl/es/","external_links_name":"Embassy of Poland in Madrid"},{"Link":"http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Embajadas/Varsovia/es/Paginas/inicio.aspx","external_links_name":"Embassy of Spain in Warsaw"},{"Link":"http://cisne.sim.ucm.es/search*spi~S7/a?SEARCH=b%C4%85k&submit.x=30&submit.y=12&submit=Buscar","external_links_name":"La imagen de España en la literatura polaca del siglo XIX [Recurso electrónico] : (diarios, memorias, libros de viajes y otros testimonios literarios) / Grzegorz Bak ; director, Fernando Presa González"},{"Link":"http://varsovia.cervantes.es/imagenes/File/Biblioteca/Bibliografia_4.pdf","external_links_name":"BIBLIOGRAFÍA DE INTERÉS HISPANO-POLACO. En la biblioteca Guillermo Cabrera Infante (Instituto Cervantes de Varsovia)"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024204/http://www.pism.pl/index/?id=43feaeeecd7b2fe2ae2e26d917b6477d","external_links_name":"Stosunki polsko-hiszpańskie w Unii Europejskiej"},{"Link":"http://www.polonia.es/","external_links_name":"Polonia.es"},{"Link":"http://www.msz.gov.pl/pl/p/madryt_es_a_pl/wspolpraca_dwustronna","external_links_name":"Bilateral cooperation"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracias_Saldanha
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Gracias Saldanha
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["1 References"]
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This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2017)
Gracias SaldanhaBornMumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaDied21 July 2012NationalityIndianOccupationChairman & MD of Glenmark PharmaceuticalsChildrenfour
Gracias Saldanha was CEO of Glenmark Pharmaceuticals.
He had two sons, Glenn Saldanha, the current Managing Director & Chairman of Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, and Mark Saldanha, the owner and CEO of Marksans Pharma.
References
^ "In Memoriam". Xavier's Alumni Outreach. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
This Indian business-related biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"CEO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEO"},{"link_name":"Glenmark Pharmaceuticals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenmark_Pharmaceuticals"},{"link_name":"Glenn Saldanha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glenn_Saldanha&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Glenmark Pharmaceuticals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenmark_Pharmaceuticals"}],"text":"Gracias Saldanha was CEO of Glenmark Pharmaceuticals.He had two sons, Glenn Saldanha, the current Managing Director & Chairman of Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, and Mark Saldanha, the owner and CEO of Marksans Pharma.","title":"Gracias Saldanha"}]
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[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"In Memoriam\". Xavier's Alumni Outreach. Retrieved 7 December 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://stxaviers.net/alumni/memoriam/","url_text":"\"In Memoriam\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"http://stxaviers.net/alumni/memoriam/","external_links_name":"\"In Memoriam\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gracias_Saldanha&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy_Geyser
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Daisy Geyser
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["1 References"]
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Coordinates: 44°28′12″N 110°50′42″W / 44.4699327°N 110.8449336°W / 44.4699327; -110.8449336Geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park
Daisy GeyserDaisy Geyser during an eruptionName originHague Geological Surveys, 1880sLocationUpper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Teton County, WyomingCoordinates44°28′12″N 110°50′42″W / 44.4699327°N 110.8449336°W / 44.4699327; -110.8449336Elevation7,339 feet (2,237 m)TypeCone geyserEruption height60–75 feet (18–23 m)Frequency120 to over 200 minutesDuration3-4 minutesTemperature84.5 °C (184.1 °F)Map of Upper Geyser Basin
Daisy Geyser is a geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States.
Daisy Geyser is part of the Daisy Group. It was named prior to 1890 by the Hague Party. It erupts every 110 to 240 minutes for a period of 3 to 5 minutes and is one of the most predictable geysers in the park. Its fountain erupts at an angle to the ground and reaches a height of 75 feet (23 m). The interval between eruptions can be temporarily altered by an eruption of nearby Splendid Geyser. To a smaller degree, Brilliant Pool and Comet Geyser are influenced by Splendid and Daisy.
Daisy Geyser was one of the Yellowstone geysers that had its eruption interval disrupted by the 2002 Denali earthquake, in Alaska. Immediately after the quake, the interval rapidly decreased but returned to previous intervals over the course of a few weeks.
Images of Daisy Geyser
Daisy Geyser's Vent
References
^ a b "Daisy Geyser". Yellowstone Geothermal Features Database. Montana State University.
^ "Daisy Geyser". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
^ Bauer, Clyde Max (1947). Yellowstone Geysers. Yellowstone Park, Wyoming: Haynes. OCLC 1517713.
^ "Daisy Geyser". Predicting Geysers. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2010-05-27.
^ "Daisy Geyser". The Geyser Observation and Study Association. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2010-11-02.
^ Husen S; Taylor R; Smith RB; Healser H (2004). "Changes in geyser eruption behavior and remotely triggered seismicity in Yellowstone National Park produced by the 2002 M 7.9 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska". Geology. 32 (6): 537–540. Bibcode:2004Geo....32..537H. doi:10.1130/G20381.1.
vteYellowstone National Park - Upper Geyser BasinGeothermal features and other attractions in the Upper Geyser BasinGeysers
Anemone Geyser
Artemisia Geyser
Atomizer Geyser
Aurum Geyser
Baby Daisy Geyser
Beehive Geyser
Big Cub Geyser
Bijou Geyser
Bulger Geyser
Castle Geyser
Comet Geyser
Daisy Geyser
Economic Geyser
Fan and Mortar Geysers
Giant Geyser
Giantess Geyser
Grand Geyser
Grotto Geyser
Jewel Geyser
Lion Geyser
Lone Star Geyser
Old Faithful Geyser
Penta Geyser
Pump Geyser
Riverside Geyser
Sawmill Geyser
Solitary Geyser
Spasmodic Geyser
Splendid Geyser
Turban Geyser
Vent Geyser
West Triplet Geyser
Hot springs
Beauty Pool
Belgian Pool
Brilliant Pool
Crested Pool
Chromatic Spring
Doublet Pool
Morning Glory Pool
Ear Spring
Structures and history
Hamilton's Stores
Old Faithful Inn
Old Faithful Historic District
Old Faithful Lodge
Old Faithful Museum of Thermal Activity
Geography
Craig Pass
Isa Lake
Kepler Cascades
Firehole River
Mystic Falls
List of Yellowstone National Park related articles
Media related to Upper Geyser Basin at Wikimedia Commons
vteState of WyomingCheyenne (capital)Topics
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Wyoming portal
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad52
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RAD52
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["1 Function","2 Role in DNA recombination repair","3 microRNAs and cancer risk","4 Interactions","4.1 Intragenic complementation","5 References","6 Further reading"]
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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
RAD52Available structuresPDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes1H2I, 1KN0IdentifiersAliasesRAD52, RAD52 homolog, DNA repair proteinExternal IDsOMIM: 600392; MGI: 101949; HomoloGene: 31118; GeneCards: RAD52; OMA:RAD52 - orthologsGene location (Human)Chr.Chromosome 12 (human)Band12p13.33Start911,736 bpEnd990,053 bpGene location (Mouse)Chr.Chromosome 6 (mouse)Band6 F1|6 56.86 cMStart119,879,659 bpEnd119,899,789 bpRNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse (ortholog)Top expressed inright uterine tubesural nerveright lobe of thyroid glandmucosa of transverse colonbuccal mucosa cellright hemisphere of cerebellumright ovarycanal of the cervixleft ovaryleft lobe of thyroid glandTop expressed inascending aortagenital tubercleaortic valvetail of embryogranulocytemuscle of thighzygotesecondary oocytesuperior frontal gyrusprimary visual cortexMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular function
DNA binding
protein binding
single-stranded DNA binding
identical protein binding
Cellular component
nucleus
nucleoplasm
protein-DNA complex
protein-containing complex
Biological process
DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via single-strand annealing
DNA recombinase assembly
cellular response to oxidative stress
DNA recombination
double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing
regulation of nucleotide-excision repair
double-strand break repair
cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
DNA repair
double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
protein homooligomerization
mitotic recombination
Sources:Amigo / QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez589319365EnsemblENSG00000002016ENSMUSG00000030166UniProtP43351P43352RefSeq (mRNA)NM_001297419NM_001297420NM_001297421NM_001297422NM_134422NM_134423NM_134424NM_001166381NM_001166382NM_001166383NM_011236RefSeq (protein)NP_001284348NP_001284349NP_001284350NP_001284351NP_602296NP_001159853NP_001159854NP_001159855NP_035366Location (UCSC)Chr 12: 0.91 – 0.99 MbChr 6: 119.88 – 119.9 MbPubMed searchWikidataView/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse
RAD52 homolog (S. cerevisiae), also known as RAD52, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the RAD52 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad52, a protein important for DNA double-strand break repair and homologous recombination. This gene product was shown to bind single-stranded DNA ends, and mediate the DNA-DNA interaction necessary for the annealing of complementary DNA strands. It was also found to interact with DNA recombination protein RAD51, which suggested its role in RAD51-related DNA recombination and repair.
Role in DNA recombination repair
RAD52 mediates RAD51 function in homologous recombinational repair (HRR) in both yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in mammalian cells of mice and humans. However, the RAD52 protein has distinctly different functions in HRR of yeast and humans. In S. cerevisiae, Rad52 protein, acting alone, facilitates the loading of Rad51 protein onto single-stranded DNA pre-coated with replication protein A in the presynaptic phase of recombination.
In mice and humans, however, BRCA2 primarily mediates orderly assembly of RAD51 on ssDNA, the form that is active for homologous pairing and strand invasion. BRCA2 also redirects RAD51 from dsDNA and prevents dissociation from ssDNA. In addition, the four paralogs of RAD51, consisting of RAD51B (RAD51L1), RAD51C (RAD51L2), RAD51D (RAD51L3), XRCC2 form a complex called the BCDX2 complex. This complex participates in RAD51 recruitment or stabilization at damage sites. The BCDX2 complex appears to act by facilitating the assembly or stability of the RAD51 nucleoprotein filament. However, in the presence of a BRCA2 mutation, human RAD52 can mediate RAD51 assembly on ssDNA and substitute for BRCA2 in homologous recombinational DNA repair, though with lower efficiency than BRCA2.
In addition, human RAD52, in combination with ERCC1, promotes the error-prone homologous DNA repair pathway of single-strand annealing. Though error prone, this repair pathway may be needed for survival of cells with DNA damage that is not otherwise repairable.
Human RAD52 also has an important role in repair of DNA double-strand breaks at active transcription sites during the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Repair of these double-strand breaks appears to use an RNA template-based recombination mechanism dependent on RAD52. The Cockayne Syndrome B protein (CSB) (coded for by ERCC6) localizes at double-strand breaks at sites of active transcription, followed by RAD51, RAD51C and RAD52 to carry out homologous recombinational repair using the newly synthesized RNA as a template.
microRNAs and cancer risk
Three prime untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) often contain regulatory sequences that can cause post-transcriptional RNA silencing. Such 3'-UTRs often contain binding sites for microRNAs (miRNAs). By binding to specific sites within the 3'-UTR, miRNAs can decrease gene expression of various mRNAs by either inhibiting translation or directly causing degradation of the transcript.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) appear to regulate the expression of more than 60% of protein coding genes of the human genome. One microRNA, miR-210, represses RAD52. As noted by Devlin et al., miR-210 is up-regulated in most solid tumors and negatively affects the clinical outcome.
The 3'-UTR of RAD52 also has a binding site for the microRNA let-7. Women with a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the binding site for let-7 (rs7963551), that causes reduced binding of let-7, likely have increased expression of RAD52 (as was shown for this SNP in liver). Women with this SNP in the 3'UTR of RAD52 showed a reduced breast cancer risk with an odds ratio of 0.84, 95% confidence interval of 0.75-0.95.
In a Han Chinese population, the same SNP as above in the 3'-UTR of RAD52 binding site for let-7 (rs7963551) reduced the risk of glioma. The risk of glioma associated with the RAD52 rs7963551 genotype had an odds ratio (compared to those without the SNP) of 0.44 for those older than 41 years, and an odds ratio of 0.58 for those 41 years or younger.
Li et al. found significantly decreased hepatic cellular carcinoma risk among individuals with the RAD52 rs7963551 CC genotype (the same SNP as above) compared with those with the AA genotype in a Chinese population. They also found that in 44 normal human liver tissue samples, presence of the rs7963551 SNP was associated with a significant increase of RAD52 mRNA expression.
Thus increased RAD52 expression is protective against various cancers.
Another study of altered microRNA binding sites in RAD52 and their effects on cancer susceptibility was carried out by Naccarati et al. They found two RAD52 microRNA binding sites that were frequently altered and had an effect on colon cancer risk. Individuals with a homozygous or heterozygous SNP in rs1051669 were at increased risk of colon cancer (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.13–2.80, p = 0.01 for homozygotes and OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.10–2.692, p = 0.02 for heterozygotes). Heterozygous carriers of the other RAD52 SNP (rs11571475) were at decreased risk of colon cancer (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.58–1.00, p = 0.05). Of 21 genes in the homologous recombinational repair pathway and 7 genes in the non-homologous end joining pathway examined, the only SNPs found in microRNA binding regions which were both at high enough frequency to evaluate and which affected risks of colon cancer, were the two in RAD52 and one in MRE11A.
DNA damage appears to be the primary underlying cause of cancer, and deficiencies in DNA repair appear to underlie many forms of cancer. If DNA repair is deficient, DNA damage tends to accumulate. Such excess DNA damage may increase mutational errors during DNA replication due to error-prone translesion synthesis. Excess DNA damage may also increase epigenetic alterations due to errors during DNA repair. Such mutations and epigenetic alterations may give rise to cancer. The frequent microRNA-induced increase or deficiency of RAD52-mediated DNA repair due to microRNA binding alterations likely contributes to either the prevention or progression of breast, brain, liver or colon cancers.
Interactions
RAD52 has been shown to interact with RAD51. The Rad52 will ease the loading of Rad51 on ssDNA by interfering with the RPA protein.
Intragenic complementation
When multiple copies of a polypeptide encoded by a gene form an aggregate, this protein structure is referred to as a multimer. When a multimer is formed from polypeptides produced by two different mutant alleles of a particular gene, the mixed multimer may exhibit greater functional activity than the unmixed multimers formed by each of the mutants alone. In such a case, the phenomenon is referred to as intragenic complementation. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD52 mutant allele expressing a C-terminal truncated protein was found to complement other RAD52 mutant missense alleles. This finding of intragenic complementation suggests that the RAD52 protein has a multimeric structure that allows cooperative interactions between the constituent monomers.
References
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000002016 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030166 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Shen Z, Denison K, Lobb R, Gatewood JM, Chen DJ (Jan 1995). "The human and mouse homologs of the yeast RAD52 gene: cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, assignment to human chromosome 12p12.2-p13, and mRNA expression in mouse tissues". Genomics. 25 (1): 199–206. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80126-7. PMID 7774919 – via Zenodo.
^ a b EntrezGene 5893 aka RAD52 homolog, DNA repair protein
^ Shinohara A, Ogawa T (1998). "Stimulation by Rad52 of yeast Rad51-mediated recombination". Nature. 391 (6665): 404–7. Bibcode:1998Natur.391..404S. doi:10.1038/34943. PMID 9450759. S2CID 4304549.
^ New JH, Sugiyama T, Zaitseva E, Kowalczykowski SC (1998). "Rad52 protein stimulates DNA strand exchange by Rad51 and replication protein A". Nature. 391 (6665): 407–10. Bibcode:1998Natur.391..407N. doi:10.1038/34950. PMID 9450760. S2CID 4408959.
^ a b Holloman WK (2011). "Unraveling the mechanism of BRCA2 in homologous recombination". Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 18 (7): 748–54. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2096. PMC 3647347. PMID 21731065.
^ Chun J, Buechelmaier ES, Powell SN (2013). "Rad51 paralog complexes BCDX2 and CX3 act at different stages in the BRCA1-BRCA2-dependent homologous recombination pathway". Mol. Cell. Biol. 33 (2): 387–95. doi:10.1128/MCB.00465-12. PMC 3554112. PMID 23149936.
^ Feng Z, Scott SP, Bussen W, Sharma GG, Guo G, Pandita TK, Powell SN (2011). "Rad52 inactivation is synthetically lethal with BRCA2 deficiency". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108 (2): 686–91. doi:10.1073/pnas.1010959107. PMC 3021033. PMID 21148102.
^ Stark JM, Pierce AJ, Oh J, Pastink A, Jasin M (2004). "Genetic steps of mammalian homologous repair with distinct mutagenic consequences". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (21): 9305–16. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.21.9305-9316.2004. PMC 522275. PMID 15485900.
^ a b Wei L, Nakajima S, Böhm S, Bernstein KA, Shen Z, Tsang M, Levine AS, Lan L (2015). "DNA damage during the G0/G1 phase triggers RNA-templated, Cockayne syndrome B-dependent homologous recombination". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112 (27): E3495–504. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E3495W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1507105112. PMC 4500203. PMID 26100862.
^ Friedman RC, Farh KK, Burge CB, Bartel DP (2009). "Most mammalian mRNAs are conserved targets of microRNAs". Genome Res. 19 (1): 92–105. doi:10.1101/gr.082701.108. PMC 2612969. PMID 18955434.
^ Crosby ME, Kulshreshtha R, Ivan M, Glazer PM (2009). "MicroRNA regulation of DNA repair gene expression in hypoxic stress". Cancer Res. 69 (3): 1221–9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2516. PMC 2997438. PMID 19141645.
^ Devlin C, Greco S, Martelli F, Ivan M (2011). "miR-210: More than a silent player in hypoxia". IUBMB Life. 63 (2): 94–100. doi:10.1002/iub.427. PMC 4497508. PMID 21360638.
^ a b Li Z, Guo Y, Zhou L, Ge Y, Wei L, Li L, Zhou C, Wei J, Yuan Q, Li J, Yang M (2015). "Association of a functional RAD52 genetic variant locating in a miRNA binding site with risk of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma". Mol. Carcinog. 54 (9): 853–8. doi:10.1002/mc.22156. PMID 24729511. S2CID 25174260.
^ Jiang Y, Qin Z, Hu Z, Guan X, Wang Y, He Y, Xue J, Liu X, Chen J, Dai J, Jin G, Ma H, Wang S, Shen H (2013). "Genetic variation in a hsa-let-7 binding site in RAD52 is associated with breast cancer susceptibility". Carcinogenesis. 34 (3): 689–93. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgs373. PMID 23188672.
^ Lu C, Chen YD, Han S, Wei J, Ge Y, Pan W, Jiang T, Qiu XG, Yang M (2014). "A RAD52 genetic variant located in a miRNA binding site is associated with glioma risk in Han Chinese". J. Neurooncol. 120 (1): 11–7. doi:10.1007/s11060-014-1527-x. PMID 25012956. S2CID 1082923.
^ Naccarati A, Rosa F, Vymetalkova V, Barone E, Jiraskova K, Di Gaetano C, Novotny J, Levy M, Vodickova L, Gemignani F, Buchler T, Landi S, Vodicka P, Pardini B (2015). "Double-strand break repair and colorectal cancer: gene variants within 3' UTRs and microRNAs binding as modulators of cancer risk and clinical outcome". Oncotarget. 7 (17): 23156–69. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.6804. PMC 5029617. PMID 26735576.
^ Kastan MB (2008). "DNA damage responses: mechanisms and roles in human disease: 2007 G.H.A. Clowes Memorial Award Lecture". Mol. Cancer Res. 6 (4): 517–24. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0020. PMID 18403632.
^ Harper JW, Elledge SJ (2007). "The DNA damage response: ten years after". Mol. Cell. 28 (5): 739–45. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.11.015. PMID 18082599.
^ O'Hagan HM, Mohammad HP, Baylin SB (2008). "Double strand breaks can initiate gene silencing and SIRT1-dependent onset of DNA methylation in an exogenous promoter CpG island". PLOS Genetics. 4 (8): e1000155. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000155. PMC 2491723. PMID 18704159.
^ Cuozzo C, Porcellini A, Angrisano T, Morano A, Lee B, Di Pardo A, Messina S, Iuliano R, Fusco A, Santillo MR, Muller MT, Chiariotti L, Gottesman ME, Avvedimento EV (Jul 2007). "DNA damage, homology-directed repair, and DNA methylation". PLOS Genetics. 3 (7): e110. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030110. PMC 1913100. PMID 17616978.
^ Chen G, Yuan SS, Liu W, Xu Y, Trujillo K, Song B, Cong F, Goff SP, Wu Y, Arlinghaus R, Baltimore D, Gasser PJ, Park MS, Sung P, Lee EY (Apr 1999). "Radiation-induced assembly of Rad51 and Rad52 recombination complex requires ATM and c-Abl" (PDF). The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (18): 12748–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.18.12748. PMID 10212258. S2CID 2587580.
^ Boundy-Mills KL, Livingston DM. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD52 allele expressing a C-terminal truncation protein: activities and intragenic complementation of missense mutations. Genetics. 1993;133(1):39-49.
Further reading
Muris DF, Bezzubova O, Buerstedde JM, Vreeken K, Balajee AS, Osgood CJ, Troelstra C, Hoeijmakers JH, Ostermann K, Schmidt H (Nov 1994). "Cloning of human and mouse genes homologous to RAD52, a yeast gene involved in DNA repair and recombination". Mutation Research. 315 (3): 295–305. doi:10.1016/0921-8777(94)90040-x. hdl:1765/3072. PMID 7526206.
Shen Z, Denison K, Lobb R, Gatewood JM, Chen DJ (Jan 1995). "The human and mouse homologs of the yeast RAD52 gene: cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, assignment to human chromosome 12p12.2-p13, and mRNA expression in mouse tissues". Genomics. 25 (1): 199–206. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80126-7. PMID 7774919.
Park MS (Jun 1995). "Expression of human RAD52 confers resistance to ionizing radiation in mammalian cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (26): 15467–70. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.26.15467. PMID 7797537.
Shen Z, Pardington-Purtymun PE, Comeaux JC, Moyzis RK, Chen DJ (Sep 1996). "UBL1, a human ubiquitin-like protein associating with human RAD51/RAD52 proteins". Genomics. 36 (2): 271–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0462. PMID 8812453.
Shen Z, Pardington-Purtymun PE, Comeaux JC, Moyzis RK, Chen DJ (Oct 1996). "Associations of UBE2I with RAD52, UBL1, p53, and RAD51 proteins in a yeast two-hybrid system". Genomics. 37 (2): 183–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0540. PMID 8921390.
Chen G, Yuan SS, Liu W, Xu Y, Trujillo K, Song B, Cong F, Goff SP, Wu Y, Arlinghaus R, Baltimore D, Gasser PJ, Park MS, Sung P, Lee EY (Apr 1999). "Radiation-induced assembly of Rad51 and Rad52 recombination complex requires ATM and c-Abl" (PDF). The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (18): 12748–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.18.12748. PMID 10212258. S2CID 2587580.
Kito K, Wada H, Yeh ET, Kamitani T (Dec 1999). "Identification of novel isoforms of human RAD52". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1489 (2–3): 303–14. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00214-6. PMID 10673031.
Stasiak AZ, Larquet E, Stasiak A, Müller S, Engel A, Van Dyck E, West SC, Egelman EH (Mar 2000). "The human Rad52 protein exists as a heptameric ring". Current Biology. 10 (6): 337–40. Bibcode:2000CBio...10..337S. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00385-7. PMID 10744977. S2CID 16087838.
Parsons CA, Baumann P, Van Dyck E, West SC (Aug 2000). "Precise binding of single-stranded DNA termini by human RAD52 protein". The EMBO Journal. 19 (15): 4175–81. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.15.4175. PMC 306603. PMID 10921897.
Mer G, Bochkarev A, Gupta R, Bochkareva E, Frappier L, Ingles CJ, Edwards AM, Chazin WJ (Oct 2000). "Structural basis for the recognition of DNA repair proteins UNG2, XPA, and RAD52 by replication factor RPA". Cell. 103 (3): 449–56. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00136-7. PMID 11081631. S2CID 16640087.
Ranatunga W, Jackson D, Flowers II RA, Borgstahl GE (Jul 2001). "Human RAD52 protein has extreme thermal stability". Biochemistry. 40 (29): 8557–62. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.566.9388. doi:10.1021/bi0155089. PMID 11456495.
Van Dyck E, Stasiak AZ, Stasiak A, West SC (Oct 2001). "Visualization of recombination intermediates produced by RAD52-mediated single-strand annealing". EMBO Reports. 2 (10): 905–9. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kve201. PMC 1084079. PMID 11571269.
Kim PM, Allen C, Wagener BM, Shen Z, Nickoloff JA (Nov 2001). "Overexpression of human RAD51 and RAD52 reduces double-strand break-induced homologous recombination in mammalian cells". Nucleic Acids Research. 29 (21): 4352–60. doi:10.1093/nar/29.21.4352. PMC 60192. PMID 11691922.
Yáñez RJ, Porter AC (Feb 2002). "Differential effects of Rad52p overexpression on gene targeting and extrachromosomal homologous recombination in a human cell line". Nucleic Acids Research. 30 (3): 740–8. doi:10.1093/nar/30.3.740. PMC 100286. PMID 11809887.
Jackson D, Dhar K, Wahl JK, Wold MS, Borgstahl GE (Aug 2002). "Analysis of the human replication protein A:Rad52 complex: evidence for crosstalk between RPA32, RPA70, Rad52 and DNA". Journal of Molecular Biology. 321 (1): 133–48. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00541-7. PMID 12139939.
Kagawa W, Kurumizaka H, Ishitani R, Fukai S, Nureki O, Shibata T, Yokoyama S (Aug 2002). "Crystal structure of the homologous-pairing domain from the human Rad52 recombinase in the undecameric form". Molecular Cell. 10 (2): 359–71. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00587-7. PMID 12191481.
Singleton MR, Wentzell LM, Liu Y, West SC, Wigley DB (Oct 2002). "Structure of the single-strand annealing domain of human RAD52 protein". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (21): 13492–7. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9913492S. doi:10.1073/pnas.212449899. PMC 129701. PMID 12370410.
Liu J, Meng X, Shen Z (Oct 2002). "Association of human RAD52 protein with transcription factors". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 297 (5): 1191–6. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02353-7. PMID 12372413.
Han J, Hankinson SE, De Vivo I, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ (Oct 2002). "No association between a stop codon polymorphism in RAD52 and breast cancer risk". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 11 (10 Pt 1): 1138–9. PMID 12376524.
Kitao H, Yuan ZM (Dec 2002). "Regulation of ionizing radiation-induced Rad52 nuclear foci formation by c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (50): 48944–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208151200. PMID 12379650.
vtePDB gallery
1h2i: HUMAN RAD52 PROTEIN, N-TERMINAL DOMAIN
1kn0: Crystal Structure of the human Rad52 protein
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"protein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein"},{"link_name":"gene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid7774919-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-entrez-6"}],"text":"RAD52 homolog (S. cerevisiae), also known as RAD52, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the RAD52 gene.[5][6]","title":"RAD52"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae"},{"link_name":"protein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein"},{"link_name":"DNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA"},{"link_name":"homologous recombination","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_recombination"},{"link_name":"single-stranded DNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA#ssDNA_vs._dsDNA"},{"link_name":"complementary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementarity_(molecular_biology)"},{"link_name":"RAD51","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAD51"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-entrez-6"}],"text":"The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad52, a protein important for DNA double-strand break repair and homologous recombination. This gene product was shown to bind single-stranded DNA ends, and mediate the DNA-DNA interaction necessary for the annealing of complementary DNA strands. It was also found to interact with DNA recombination protein RAD51, which suggested its role in RAD51-related DNA recombination and repair.[6]","title":"Function"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"RAD51","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAD51"},{"link_name":"homologous recombinational","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_recombination"},{"link_name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae"},{"link_name":"replication protein A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_protein_A"},{"link_name":"presynaptic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapsis"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid9450759-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid9450760-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Holloman-9"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Holloman-9"},{"link_name":"paralogs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology_(biology)#Paralogy"},{"link_name":"RAD51","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAD51"},{"link_name":"RAD51L1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAD51L1"},{"link_name":"RAD51L3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAD51L3"},{"link_name":"XRCC2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XRCC2"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Chun-10"},{"link_name":"RAD51 nucleoprotein filament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAD51#Function"},{"link_name":"homologous recombinational","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_recombination"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid21148102-11"},{"link_name":"ERCC1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ERCC1"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid15485900-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wei-13"},{"link_name":"ERCC6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ERCC6"},{"link_name":"RAD51","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAD51"},{"link_name":"RAD51C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAD51C"},{"link_name":"homologous recombinational","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_recombination"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wei-13"}],"text":"RAD52 mediates RAD51 function in homologous recombinational repair (HRR) in both yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in mammalian cells of mice and humans. However, the RAD52 protein has distinctly different functions in HRR of yeast and humans. In S. cerevisiae, Rad52 protein, acting alone, facilitates the loading of Rad51 protein onto single-stranded DNA pre-coated with replication protein A in the presynaptic phase of recombination.[7][8]In mice and humans, however, BRCA2 primarily mediates orderly assembly of RAD51 on ssDNA, the form that is active for homologous pairing and strand invasion.[9] BRCA2 also redirects RAD51 from dsDNA and prevents dissociation from ssDNA.[9] In addition, the four paralogs of RAD51, consisting of RAD51B (RAD51L1), RAD51C (RAD51L2), RAD51D (RAD51L3), XRCC2 form a complex called the BCDX2 complex. This complex participates in RAD51 recruitment or stabilization at damage sites.[10] The BCDX2 complex appears to act by facilitating the assembly or stability of the RAD51 nucleoprotein filament. However, in the presence of a BRCA2 mutation, human RAD52 can mediate RAD51 assembly on ssDNA and substitute for BRCA2 in homologous recombinational DNA repair,[11] though with lower efficiency than BRCA2.In addition, human RAD52, in combination with ERCC1, promotes the error-prone homologous DNA repair pathway of single-strand annealing.[12] Though error prone, this repair pathway may be needed for survival of cells with DNA damage that is not otherwise repairable.Human RAD52 also has an important role in repair of DNA double-strand breaks at active transcription sites during the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Repair of these double-strand breaks appears to use an RNA template-based recombination mechanism dependent on RAD52.[13] The Cockayne Syndrome B protein (CSB) (coded for by ERCC6) localizes at double-strand breaks at sites of active transcription, followed by RAD51, RAD51C and RAD52 to carry out homologous recombinational repair using the newly synthesized RNA as a template.[13]","title":"Role in DNA recombination repair"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Three prime untranslated regions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_prime_untranslated_region"},{"link_name":"messenger RNAs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_RNA"},{"link_name":"RNA silencing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_silencing"},{"link_name":"microRNAs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA"},{"link_name":"translation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology)"},{"link_name":"MicroRNAs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA"},{"link_name":"protein coding genes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coding_region"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Friedman-14"},{"link_name":"miR-210","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-210_microRNA"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid19141645-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid21360638-16"},{"link_name":"let-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let-7_microRNA_precursor"},{"link_name":"single-nucleotide polymorphism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-nucleotide_polymorphism"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Li-17"},{"link_name":"odds ratio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odds_ratio"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Jiang-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid25012956-19"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Li-17"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid26735576-20"},{"link_name":"homologous recombinational","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_recombination"},{"link_name":"non-homologous end joining","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-homologous_end_joining"},{"link_name":"MRE11A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRE11A"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid18403632-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid18082599-22"},{"link_name":"mutational","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutational"},{"link_name":"DNA replication","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_replication"},{"link_name":"translesion synthesis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_repair#Translesion_synthesis"},{"link_name":"epigenetic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hagan-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cuozzo-24"},{"link_name":"cancer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer"}],"text":"Three prime untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) often contain regulatory sequences that can cause post-transcriptional RNA silencing. Such 3'-UTRs often contain binding sites for microRNAs (miRNAs). By binding to specific sites within the 3'-UTR, miRNAs can decrease gene expression of various mRNAs by either inhibiting translation or directly causing degradation of the transcript.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) appear to regulate the expression of more than 60% of protein coding genes of the human genome.[14] One microRNA, miR-210, represses RAD52.[15] As noted by Devlin et al., miR-210 is up-regulated in most solid tumors and negatively affects the clinical outcome.[16]The 3'-UTR of RAD52 also has a binding site for the microRNA let-7. Women with a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the binding site for let-7 (rs7963551), that causes reduced binding of let-7, likely have increased expression of RAD52 (as was shown for this SNP in liver[17]). Women with this SNP in the 3'UTR of RAD52 showed a reduced breast cancer risk with an odds ratio of 0.84, 95% confidence interval of 0.75-0.95.[18]In a Han Chinese population, the same SNP as above in the 3'-UTR of RAD52 binding site for let-7 (rs7963551) reduced the risk of glioma. The risk of glioma associated with the RAD52 rs7963551 genotype had an odds ratio (compared to those without the SNP) of 0.44 for those older than 41 years, and an odds ratio of 0.58 for those 41 years or younger.[19]Li et al.[17] found significantly decreased hepatic cellular carcinoma risk among individuals with the RAD52 rs7963551 CC genotype (the same SNP as above) compared with those with the AA genotype in a Chinese population. They also found that in 44 normal human liver tissue samples, presence of the rs7963551 SNP was associated with a significant increase of RAD52 mRNA expression.Thus increased RAD52 expression is protective against various cancers.Another study of altered microRNA binding sites in RAD52 and their effects on cancer susceptibility was carried out by Naccarati et al.[20] They found two RAD52 microRNA binding sites that were frequently altered and had an effect on colon cancer risk. Individuals with a homozygous or heterozygous SNP in rs1051669 were at increased risk of colon cancer (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.13–2.80, p = 0.01 for homozygotes and OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.10–2.692, p = 0.02 for heterozygotes). Heterozygous carriers of the other RAD52 SNP (rs11571475) were at decreased risk of colon cancer (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.58–1.00, p = 0.05). Of 21 genes in the homologous recombinational repair pathway and 7 genes in the non-homologous end joining pathway examined, the only SNPs found in microRNA binding regions which were both at high enough frequency to evaluate and which affected risks of colon cancer, were the two in RAD52 and one in MRE11A.DNA damage appears to be the primary underlying cause of cancer,[21] and deficiencies in DNA repair appear to underlie many forms of cancer.[22] If DNA repair is deficient, DNA damage tends to accumulate. Such excess DNA damage may increase mutational errors during DNA replication due to error-prone translesion synthesis. Excess DNA damage may also increase epigenetic alterations due to errors during DNA repair.[23][24] Such mutations and epigenetic alterations may give rise to cancer. The frequent microRNA-induced increase or deficiency of RAD52-mediated DNA repair due to microRNA binding alterations likely contributes to either the prevention or progression of breast, brain, liver or colon cancers.","title":"microRNAs and cancer risk"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"interact","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein-protein_interaction"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid10212258-25"},{"link_name":"RPA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_protein_A"}],"text":"RAD52 has been shown to interact with RAD51.[25] The Rad52 will ease the loading of Rad51 on ssDNA by interfering with the RPA protein.","title":"Interactions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"gene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene"},{"link_name":"mutant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutant"},{"link_name":"alleles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele"},{"link_name":"intragenic complementation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementation_(genetics)"},{"link_name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae"},{"link_name":"missense","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missense"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"intragenic complementation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementation_(genetics)"}],"sub_title":"Intragenic complementation","text":"When multiple copies of a polypeptide encoded by a gene form an aggregate, this protein structure is referred to as a multimer. When a multimer is formed from polypeptides produced by two different mutant alleles of a particular gene, the mixed multimer may exhibit greater functional activity than the unmixed multimers formed by each of the mutants alone. In such a case, the phenomenon is referred to as intragenic complementation. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD52 mutant allele expressing a C-terminal truncated protein was found to complement other RAD52 mutant missense alleles.[26] This finding of intragenic complementation suggests that the RAD52 protein has a multimeric structure that allows cooperative interactions between the constituent monomers.","title":"Interactions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"Cloning of human and mouse genes homologous to RAD52, a yeast gene involved in DNA repair and recombination\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//repub.eur.nl/pub/3072"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1016/0921-8777(94)90040-x","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1016%2F0921-8777%2894%2990040-x"},{"link_name":"hdl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1765/3072","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//hdl.handle.net/1765%2F3072"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"7526206","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7526206"},{"link_name":"\"The human and mouse homologs of the yeast RAD52 gene: cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, assignment to human chromosome 12p12.2-p13, and mRNA expression in mouse tissues\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//zenodo.org/record/1258607"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1016/0888-7543(95)80126-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1016%2F0888-7543%2895%2980126-7"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"7774919","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7774919"},{"link_name":"\"Expression of human RAD52 confers resistance to ionizing radiation in mammalian cells\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.270.26.15467"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1074/jbc.270.26.15467","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.270.26.15467"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"7797537","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7797537"},{"link_name":"\"UBL1, a human ubiquitin-like protein associating with human RAD51/RAD52 proteins\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//zenodo.org/record/1229737"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1006/geno.1996.0462","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1006%2Fgeno.1996.0462"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"8812453","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8812453"},{"link_name":"\"Associations of UBE2I with RAD52, UBL1, p53, and RAD51 proteins in a yeast two-hybrid system\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//zenodo.org/record/1229705"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1006/geno.1996.0540","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1006%2Fgeno.1996.0540"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"8921390","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8921390"},{"link_name":"\"Radiation-induced assembly of Rad51 and Rad52 recombination complex requires ATM and c-Abl\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//authors.library.caltech.edu/6857/1/CHEjbc99.pdf"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1074/jbc.274.18.12748","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.274.18.12748"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10212258","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10212258"},{"link_name":"S2CID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"2587580","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2587580"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00214-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0167-4781%2899%2900214-6"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10673031","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10673031"},{"link_name":"\"The human Rad52 protein exists as a heptameric ring\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1016%2FS0960-9822%2800%2900385-7"},{"link_name":"Bibcode","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"2000CBio...10..337S","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000CBio...10..337S"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00385-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1016%2FS0960-9822%2800%2900385-7"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10744977","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10744977"},{"link_name":"S2CID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"16087838","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16087838"},{"link_name":"\"Precise binding of single-stranded DNA termini by human RAD52 protein\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC306603"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1093/emboj/19.15.4175","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1093%2Femboj%2F19.15.4175"},{"link_name":"PMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"306603","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC306603"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10921897","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10921897"},{"link_name":"\"Structural basis for the recognition of DNA repair proteins UNG2, XPA, and RAD52 by replication factor RPA\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2900136-7"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00136-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2900136-7"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"11081631","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11081631"},{"link_name":"S2CID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"16640087","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16640087"},{"link_name":"CiteSeerX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1.1.566.9388","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.566.9388"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1021/bi0155089","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1021%2Fbi0155089"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"11456495","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11456495"},{"link_name":"\"Visualization of recombination intermediates produced by RAD52-mediated single-strand annealing\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1084079"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1093/embo-reports/kve201","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1093%2Fembo-reports%2Fkve201"},{"link_name":"PMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1084079","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1084079"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"11571269","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11571269"},{"link_name":"\"Overexpression of human RAD51 and RAD52 reduces double-strand break-induced homologous recombination in mammalian cells\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC60192"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1093/nar/29.21.4352","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2F29.21.4352"},{"link_name":"PMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"60192","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC60192"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"11691922","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11691922"},{"link_name":"\"Differential effects of Rad52p overexpression on gene targeting and extrachromosomal homologous recombination in a human cell line\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC100286"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1093/nar/30.3.740","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2F30.3.740"},{"link_name":"PMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"100286","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC100286"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"11809887","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11809887"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00541-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1016%2FS0022-2836%2802%2900541-7"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"12139939","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12139939"},{"link_name":"\"Crystal structure of the homologous-pairing domain from the human Rad52 recombinase in the undecameric form\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1016%2FS1097-2765%2802%2900587-7"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00587-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1016%2FS1097-2765%2802%2900587-7"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"12191481","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12191481"},{"link_name":"\"Structure of the single-strand annealing domain of human RAD52 protein\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC129701"},{"link_name":"Bibcode","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"2002PNAS...9913492S","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PNAS...9913492S"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1073/pnas.212449899","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.212449899"},{"link_name":"PMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"129701","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC129701"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"12370410","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12370410"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02353-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1016%2FS0006-291X%2802%2902353-7"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"12372413","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12372413"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"12376524","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12376524"},{"link_name":"\"Regulation of ionizing radiation-induced Rad52 nuclear foci formation by c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M208151200"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1074/jbc.M208151200","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M208151200"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"12379650","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12379650"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:PDB_Gallery"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:PDB_Gallery"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PDB_Gallery"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PDB_1h2i_EBI.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PDB_1kn0_EBI.jpg"}],"text":"Muris DF, Bezzubova O, Buerstedde JM, Vreeken K, Balajee AS, Osgood CJ, Troelstra C, Hoeijmakers JH, Ostermann K, Schmidt H (Nov 1994). \"Cloning of human and mouse genes homologous to RAD52, a yeast gene involved in DNA repair and recombination\". Mutation Research. 315 (3): 295–305. doi:10.1016/0921-8777(94)90040-x. hdl:1765/3072. PMID 7526206.\nShen Z, Denison K, Lobb R, Gatewood JM, Chen DJ (Jan 1995). \"The human and mouse homologs of the yeast RAD52 gene: cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, assignment to human chromosome 12p12.2-p13, and mRNA expression in mouse tissues\". Genomics. 25 (1): 199–206. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80126-7. PMID 7774919.\nPark MS (Jun 1995). \"Expression of human RAD52 confers resistance to ionizing radiation in mammalian cells\". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (26): 15467–70. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.26.15467. PMID 7797537.\nShen Z, Pardington-Purtymun PE, Comeaux JC, Moyzis RK, Chen DJ (Sep 1996). \"UBL1, a human ubiquitin-like protein associating with human RAD51/RAD52 proteins\". Genomics. 36 (2): 271–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0462. PMID 8812453.\nShen Z, Pardington-Purtymun PE, Comeaux JC, Moyzis RK, Chen DJ (Oct 1996). \"Associations of UBE2I with RAD52, UBL1, p53, and RAD51 proteins in a yeast two-hybrid system\". Genomics. 37 (2): 183–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0540. PMID 8921390.\nChen G, Yuan SS, Liu W, Xu Y, Trujillo K, Song B, Cong F, Goff SP, Wu Y, Arlinghaus R, Baltimore D, Gasser PJ, Park MS, Sung P, Lee EY (Apr 1999). \"Radiation-induced assembly of Rad51 and Rad52 recombination complex requires ATM and c-Abl\" (PDF). The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (18): 12748–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.18.12748. PMID 10212258. S2CID 2587580.\nKito K, Wada H, Yeh ET, Kamitani T (Dec 1999). \"Identification of novel isoforms of human RAD52\". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1489 (2–3): 303–14. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00214-6. PMID 10673031.\nStasiak AZ, Larquet E, Stasiak A, Müller S, Engel A, Van Dyck E, West SC, Egelman EH (Mar 2000). \"The human Rad52 protein exists as a heptameric ring\". Current Biology. 10 (6): 337–40. Bibcode:2000CBio...10..337S. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00385-7. PMID 10744977. S2CID 16087838.\nParsons CA, Baumann P, Van Dyck E, West SC (Aug 2000). \"Precise binding of single-stranded DNA termini by human RAD52 protein\". The EMBO Journal. 19 (15): 4175–81. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.15.4175. PMC 306603. PMID 10921897.\nMer G, Bochkarev A, Gupta R, Bochkareva E, Frappier L, Ingles CJ, Edwards AM, Chazin WJ (Oct 2000). \"Structural basis for the recognition of DNA repair proteins UNG2, XPA, and RAD52 by replication factor RPA\". Cell. 103 (3): 449–56. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00136-7. PMID 11081631. S2CID 16640087.\nRanatunga W, Jackson D, Flowers II RA, Borgstahl GE (Jul 2001). \"Human RAD52 protein has extreme thermal stability\". Biochemistry. 40 (29): 8557–62. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.566.9388. doi:10.1021/bi0155089. PMID 11456495.\nVan Dyck E, Stasiak AZ, Stasiak A, West SC (Oct 2001). \"Visualization of recombination intermediates produced by RAD52-mediated single-strand annealing\". EMBO Reports. 2 (10): 905–9. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kve201. PMC 1084079. PMID 11571269.\nKim PM, Allen C, Wagener BM, Shen Z, Nickoloff JA (Nov 2001). \"Overexpression of human RAD51 and RAD52 reduces double-strand break-induced homologous recombination in mammalian cells\". Nucleic Acids Research. 29 (21): 4352–60. doi:10.1093/nar/29.21.4352. PMC 60192. PMID 11691922.\nYáñez RJ, Porter AC (Feb 2002). \"Differential effects of Rad52p overexpression on gene targeting and extrachromosomal homologous recombination in a human cell line\". Nucleic Acids Research. 30 (3): 740–8. doi:10.1093/nar/30.3.740. PMC 100286. PMID 11809887.\nJackson D, Dhar K, Wahl JK, Wold MS, Borgstahl GE (Aug 2002). \"Analysis of the human replication protein A:Rad52 complex: evidence for crosstalk between RPA32, RPA70, Rad52 and DNA\". Journal of Molecular Biology. 321 (1): 133–48. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00541-7. PMID 12139939.\nKagawa W, Kurumizaka H, Ishitani R, Fukai S, Nureki O, Shibata T, Yokoyama S (Aug 2002). \"Crystal structure of the homologous-pairing domain from the human Rad52 recombinase in the undecameric form\". Molecular Cell. 10 (2): 359–71. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00587-7. PMID 12191481.\nSingleton MR, Wentzell LM, Liu Y, West SC, Wigley DB (Oct 2002). \"Structure of the single-strand annealing domain of human RAD52 protein\". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (21): 13492–7. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9913492S. doi:10.1073/pnas.212449899. PMC 129701. PMID 12370410.\nLiu J, Meng X, Shen Z (Oct 2002). \"Association of human RAD52 protein with transcription factors\". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 297 (5): 1191–6. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02353-7. PMID 12372413.\nHan J, Hankinson SE, De Vivo I, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ (Oct 2002). \"No association between a stop codon polymorphism in RAD52 and breast cancer risk\". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 11 (10 Pt 1): 1138–9. PMID 12376524.\nKitao H, Yuan ZM (Dec 2002). \"Regulation of ionizing radiation-induced Rad52 nuclear foci formation by c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation\". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (50): 48944–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208151200. PMID 12379650.vtePDB gallery\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1h2i: HUMAN RAD52 PROTEIN, N-TERMINAL DOMAIN\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1kn0: Crystal Structure of the human Rad52 protein","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Human PubMed Reference:\". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=5893","url_text":"\"Human PubMed Reference:\""}]},{"reference":"\"Mouse PubMed Reference:\". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=19365","url_text":"\"Mouse PubMed Reference:\""}]},{"reference":"Shen Z, Denison K, Lobb R, Gatewood JM, Chen DJ (Jan 1995). \"The human and mouse homologs of the yeast RAD52 gene: cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, assignment to human chromosome 12p12.2-p13, and mRNA expression in mouse tissues\". Genomics. 25 (1): 199–206. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80126-7. 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Genome Res. 19 (1): 92–105. doi:10.1101/gr.082701.108. PMC 2612969. PMID 18955434.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2612969","url_text":"\"Most mammalian mRNAs are conserved targets of microRNAs\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.082701.108","url_text":"10.1101/gr.082701.108"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2612969","url_text":"2612969"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18955434","url_text":"18955434"}]},{"reference":"Crosby ME, Kulshreshtha R, Ivan M, Glazer PM (2009). \"MicroRNA regulation of DNA repair gene expression in hypoxic stress\". Cancer Res. 69 (3): 1221–9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2516. PMC 2997438. 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PMID 21360638.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4497508","url_text":"\"miR-210: More than a silent player in hypoxia\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fiub.427","url_text":"10.1002/iub.427"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4497508","url_text":"4497508"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21360638","url_text":"21360638"}]},{"reference":"Li Z, Guo Y, Zhou L, Ge Y, Wei L, Li L, Zhou C, Wei J, Yuan Q, Li J, Yang M (2015). \"Association of a functional RAD52 genetic variant locating in a miRNA binding site with risk of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma\". Mol. Carcinog. 54 (9): 853–8. doi:10.1002/mc.22156. PMID 24729511. S2CID 25174260.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fmc.22156","url_text":"\"Association of a functional RAD52 genetic variant locating in a miRNA binding site with risk of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fmc.22156","url_text":"10.1002/mc.22156"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24729511","url_text":"24729511"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25174260","url_text":"25174260"}]},{"reference":"Jiang Y, Qin Z, Hu Z, Guan X, Wang Y, He Y, Xue J, Liu X, Chen J, Dai J, Jin G, Ma H, Wang S, Shen H (2013). \"Genetic variation in a hsa-let-7 binding site in RAD52 is associated with breast cancer susceptibility\". Carcinogenesis. 34 (3): 689–93. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgs373. PMID 23188672.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcarcin%2Fbgs373","url_text":"\"Genetic variation in a hsa-let-7 binding site in RAD52 is associated with breast cancer susceptibility\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcarcin%2Fbgs373","url_text":"10.1093/carcin/bgs373"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23188672","url_text":"23188672"}]},{"reference":"Lu C, Chen YD, Han S, Wei J, Ge Y, Pan W, Jiang T, Qiu XG, Yang M (2014). \"A RAD52 genetic variant located in a miRNA binding site is associated with glioma risk in Han Chinese\". J. Neurooncol. 120 (1): 11–7. doi:10.1007/s11060-014-1527-x. PMID 25012956. 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PMID 12370410.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC129701","url_text":"\"Structure of the single-strand annealing domain of human RAD52 protein\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PNAS...9913492S","url_text":"2002PNAS...9913492S"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.212449899","url_text":"10.1073/pnas.212449899"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC129701","url_text":"129701"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12370410","url_text":"12370410"}]},{"reference":"Liu J, Meng X, Shen Z (Oct 2002). \"Association of human RAD52 protein with transcription factors\". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 297 (5): 1191–6. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02353-7. PMID 12372413.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0006-291X%2802%2902353-7","url_text":"10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02353-7"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12372413","url_text":"12372413"}]},{"reference":"Han J, Hankinson SE, De Vivo I, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ (Oct 2002). \"No association between a stop codon polymorphism in RAD52 and breast cancer risk\". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 11 (10 Pt 1): 1138–9. PMID 12376524.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12376524","url_text":"12376524"}]},{"reference":"Kitao H, Yuan ZM (Dec 2002). \"Regulation of ionizing radiation-induced Rad52 nuclear foci formation by c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation\". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (50): 48944–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208151200. PMID 12379650.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M208151200","url_text":"\"Regulation of ionizing radiation-induced Rad52 nuclear foci formation by c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M208151200","url_text":"10.1074/jbc.M208151200"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12379650","url_text":"12379650"}]}]
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ring\""},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000CBio...10..337S","external_links_name":"2000CBio...10..337S"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0960-9822%2800%2900385-7","external_links_name":"10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00385-7"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10744977","external_links_name":"10744977"},{"Link":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16087838","external_links_name":"16087838"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC306603","external_links_name":"\"Precise binding of single-stranded DNA termini by human RAD52 protein\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Femboj%2F19.15.4175","external_links_name":"10.1093/emboj/19.15.4175"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC306603","external_links_name":"306603"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10921897","external_links_name":"10921897"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2900136-7","external_links_name":"\"Structural basis for the recognition of DNA repair proteins UNG2, XPA, and RAD52 by replication factor RPA\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2900136-7","external_links_name":"10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00136-7"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11081631","external_links_name":"11081631"},{"Link":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16640087","external_links_name":"16640087"},{"Link":"https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.566.9388","external_links_name":"10.1.1.566.9388"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fbi0155089","external_links_name":"10.1021/bi0155089"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11456495","external_links_name":"11456495"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1084079","external_links_name":"\"Visualization of recombination intermediates produced by RAD52-mediated single-strand annealing\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fembo-reports%2Fkve201","external_links_name":"10.1093/embo-reports/kve201"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1084079","external_links_name":"1084079"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11571269","external_links_name":"11571269"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC60192","external_links_name":"\"Overexpression of human RAD51 and RAD52 reduces double-strand break-induced homologous recombination in mammalian cells\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2F29.21.4352","external_links_name":"10.1093/nar/29.21.4352"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC60192","external_links_name":"60192"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11691922","external_links_name":"11691922"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC100286","external_links_name":"\"Differential effects of Rad52p overexpression on gene targeting and extrachromosomal homologous recombination in a human cell line\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2F30.3.740","external_links_name":"10.1093/nar/30.3.740"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC100286","external_links_name":"100286"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11809887","external_links_name":"11809887"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0022-2836%2802%2900541-7","external_links_name":"10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00541-7"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12139939","external_links_name":"12139939"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1097-2765%2802%2900587-7","external_links_name":"\"Crystal structure of the homologous-pairing domain from the human Rad52 recombinase in the undecameric form\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1097-2765%2802%2900587-7","external_links_name":"10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00587-7"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12191481","external_links_name":"12191481"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC129701","external_links_name":"\"Structure of the single-strand annealing domain of human RAD52 protein\""},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PNAS...9913492S","external_links_name":"2002PNAS...9913492S"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.212449899","external_links_name":"10.1073/pnas.212449899"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC129701","external_links_name":"129701"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12370410","external_links_name":"12370410"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0006-291X%2802%2902353-7","external_links_name":"10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02353-7"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12372413","external_links_name":"12372413"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12376524","external_links_name":"12376524"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M208151200","external_links_name":"\"Regulation of ionizing radiation-induced Rad52 nuclear foci formation by c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M208151200","external_links_name":"10.1074/jbc.M208151200"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12379650","external_links_name":"12379650"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_John_Neptune
|
Old John Neptune
|
["1 References"]
|
John NeptuneBorn1767Died1865Resting placeIndian IslandNationalityPenobscotOccupationvice-chiefYears active1816-1867
Old John Neptune (Penobscot, (July 22, 1767 – May 8, 1865) was elected Lieutenant-Governor at Indian Island, Old Town, Maine, in 1816, a life-time position. Born into the Eel clan, John had a powerful father, John (Orsong) Neptune, who had been the tribe's war chief. As the most powerful leader of the Penobscot for almost half a century, he was popularly (but incorrectly) known as "the Governor." Also feared, he had the reputation of being a medicine man (m'teoulino, in the Penobscot language).
Shortly after Maine achieved statehood, the areas of the Penobscot and St. John rivers were mapped with important guidance from Penobscot Indian Lt. Gov. John Neptune. Maine State Archive.
In The Maine Woods (1864), writer Henry David Thoreau described an 1853 visit to Neptune at his Old Town home.
References
^ Prins, Harald E.L.; McBride, Bunny. (2007). Asticou's Island Domain: Wabanaki Peoples at Mount Desert Island 1500-2000, Vol.1. Boston: National Park Service.
^ Eckstorm, Fannie Hardy (1945). Old John Neptune and Other Maine Indian Shamans. Portland, Maine: Southworth-Anthoensen Press. pp. 254–257.
^ Thoreau, Henry David (1864). The Maine Woods (Project Gutenberg text). ISBN 978-1420927146. OCLC 437036255. Retrieved 10 October 2009. He told me that he was eighty-nine ; but he was going a-moose-hunting that fall, as he had been the previous one.
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Israel
United States
Other
SNAC
IdRef
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Penobscot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penobscot"},{"link_name":"Indian Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penobscot_Indian_Island_Reservation"},{"link_name":"Old Town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Town,_Maine"},{"link_name":"Maine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"medicine man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_man"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Maine State Archive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhgfPd0u9T4"},{"link_name":"Henry David Thoreau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Old John Neptune (Penobscot, (July 22, 1767 – May 8, 1865) was elected Lieutenant-Governor at Indian Island, Old Town, Maine, in 1816, a life-time position. Born into the Eel clan, John had a powerful father, John (Orsong) Neptune, who had been the tribe's war chief. As the most powerful leader of the Penobscot for almost half a century, he was popularly (but incorrectly) known as \"the Governor.\"[1] Also feared, he had the reputation of being a medicine man (m'teoulino, in the Penobscot language).[2]Shortly after Maine achieved statehood, the areas of the Penobscot and St. John rivers were mapped with important guidance from Penobscot Indian Lt. Gov. John Neptune. Maine State Archive.In The Maine Woods (1864), writer Henry David Thoreau described an 1853 visit to Neptune at his Old Town home.[3]","title":"Old John Neptune"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Prins, Harald E.L.; McBride, Bunny. (2007). Asticou's Island Domain: Wabanaki Peoples at Mount Desert Island 1500-2000, Vol.1. Boston: National Park Service.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Eckstorm, Fannie Hardy (1945). Old John Neptune and Other Maine Indian Shamans. Portland, Maine: Southworth-Anthoensen Press. pp. 254–257.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fannie_Hardy_Eckstorm","url_text":"Eckstorm, Fannie Hardy"}]},{"reference":"Thoreau, Henry David (1864). The Maine Woods (Project Gutenberg text). ISBN 978-1420927146. OCLC 437036255. Retrieved 10 October 2009. He told me that he was eighty-nine ; but he was going a-moose-hunting that fall, as he had been the previous one.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau","url_text":"Thoreau, Henry David"},{"url":"https://archive.org/stream/mainewoods00thorrich/mainewoods00thorrich_djvu.txt","url_text":"The Maine Woods"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1420927146","url_text":"978-1420927146"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/437036255","url_text":"437036255"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhgfPd0u9T4","external_links_name":"Maine State Archive"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/stream/mainewoods00thorrich/mainewoods00thorrich_djvu.txt","external_links_name":"The Maine Woods"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/437036255","external_links_name":"437036255"},{"Link":"http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1663383/","external_links_name":"FAST"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000035859932","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/43735791","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqvXytcMQMmMw4TJFbKh3","external_links_name":"WorldCat"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007436062105171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2006097218","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65q7dkv","external_links_name":"SNAC"},{"Link":"https://www.idref.fr/220153043","external_links_name":"IdRef"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Wright_(footballer)
|
Nathan Wright (footballer)
|
["1 References","2 External links"]
|
Australian rules footballer
Australian rules footballer
Nathan WrightPersonal informationFull name
Nathan WrightDate of birth
(1994-02-16) 16 February 1994 (age 30)Original team(s)
Dandenong Stingrays (TAC Cup)Draft
No. 24, 2012 Draft (St Kilda)Height
185 cm (6 ft 1 in)Weight
77 kg (12 st 2 lb; 170 lb)Playing career1Years
Club
Games (Goals)2013–2018
St Kilda
35 (9)
1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 2018.
Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com
Nathan Wright (born 16 February 1994) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the St Kilda Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Wright was St Kilda's first selection, number 24 overall, in the 2012 AFL Draft. He was recruited from the Dandenong Stingrays and was also a graduate of the AIS-AFL Academy program. He made his AFL debut in the Round 3 match against Greater Western Sydney.
In his fifth AFL game, against Carlton, Wright suffered a broken jaw when he was bumped by Eddie Betts. Despite a public apology by Betts, the AFL Match Review Panel deemed Betts' actions to be reckless rough conduct and suspended him from playing for three matches.
Wright was delisted at the end of 2018, he managed 5 games in his last two years and was injury prone.
References
^ Phelan, Jennifer (10 May 2013). "Saint showing the Wright stuff".
^ Clark, Jay (14 May 2013). "Carlton forward Eddie Betts says sorry to St Kilda's Nathan Wright for high bump". Herald Sun.
^ "Injury-hit defender, forward join St Kilda exodus".
External links
Nathan Wright's profile on the official website of the St Kilda Football Club
Nathan Wright's playing statistics from AFL Tables
vte2012 AFL national draftFirst round
1. Lachie Whitfield
2. Jonathan O'Rourke
3. Lachie Plowman
4. Jimmy Toumpas (Comp)
5. Jake Stringer
6. Jack Macrae (Comp)
7. Oliver Wines
8. Sam Mayes
9. Nick Vlastuin
10. Joe Daniher (F/S)
11. Troy Menzel
12. Kristian Jaksch
13. Jesse Lonergan (Comp)
14. Aidan Corr (Comp)
15. Taylor Garner
16. Jackson Thurlow
17. Josh Simpson
18. Brodie Grundy
19. Ben Kennedy
20. Tim Broomhead (Comp)
21. Nathan Hrovat
22. Dean Towers
23. Marco Paparone (Comp)
Second round
24. Nathan Wright
25. Spencer White
26. Jack Viney (F/S)
27. James Stewart
28. Tim O'Brien
29. Tom Clurey (Comp)
30. Mason Shaw (Comp)
31. Kamdyn McIntosh (Comp)
32. Michael Close
33. Liam McBean
34. Jason Ashby
35. Tom Temay
36. Tanner Smith
37. Ben Jacobs
38. Jackson Ramsay
39. Max Duffy
40. Brodie Murdoch
41. Mason Wood
42. Matthew McDonough
43. Josh Saunders
44. Harrison Marsh
Third round
45. Brant Colledge
46. Tim Membrey
47. Mitchell Wilkins
48. Dean Kent (Comp)
49. Lachie Hunter (F/S)
50. Josh Prudden (Comp)
51. Dylan Van Unen
52. Matt Jones
53. Martin Gleeson
54. Nick Graham
55. Tim Sumner
56. Daniel Currie
57. Kyal Horsley (RP)
58. Clay Cameron
59. Adam Carter
60. Mark Hutchings (Comp)
61. Taylor Hine
62. Sam Siggins
64. Matthew Dick
Fourth round
66. Kaiden Brand
68. Dean Terlich
70. Michael Osborne
71. Daniel Nicholson (RP)
72. Michael Evans (RP)
73. Nick Kommer
75. Lewis Pierce
76. Sam Gibson (RP)
77. Brad Hartman
78. Clancee Pearce (RP)
79. Brad Dick (RP)
81. Rory Atkins
Fifth round
83. Sam Frost (RP)
85. Tom Jonas (RP)
86. Jack Crisp (RP)
88. Sean Gregory
89. Levi Casboult (RP)
90. Sam Dunell (RP)
91. Aaron Mullett (RP)
92. Jesse Stringer (RP)
92. Lee Spurr (RP)
94. Marley Williams (RP)
95. Ian Callinan (RP)
Sixth round
97. Andrew Phillips (RP)
98. Tom Campbell (RP)
99. Niall McKeever (RP)
102. Zach Tuohy (RP)
103. Majak Daw (RP)
Seventh round
105. Jason Johannisen (RP)
106. Mark Baguley (RP)
107. Harry Cunningham (RP)
This Australian rules football biography of a person born in the 1990s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Australian rules footballer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_rules_footballer"},{"link_name":"St Kilda Football Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Kilda_Football_Club"},{"link_name":"Australian Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"2012 AFL Draft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_AFL_Draft"},{"link_name":"Dandenong Stingrays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandenong_Stingrays"},{"link_name":"AIS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Sport"},{"link_name":"Greater Western Sydney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Western_Sydney_Giants"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Carlton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlton_Football_Club"},{"link_name":"bumped","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepherding_(Australian_rules_football)"},{"link_name":"Eddie Betts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Betts"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Australian rules footballerNathan Wright (born 16 February 1994) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the St Kilda Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).Wright was St Kilda's first selection, number 24 overall, in the 2012 AFL Draft. He was recruited from the Dandenong Stingrays and was also a graduate of the AIS-AFL Academy program. He made his AFL debut in the Round 3 match against Greater Western Sydney.[1]In his fifth AFL game, against Carlton, Wright suffered a broken jaw when he was bumped by Eddie Betts. Despite a public apology by Betts, the AFL Match Review Panel deemed Betts' actions to be reckless rough conduct and suspended him from playing for three matches.[2]Wright was delisted at the end of 2018, he managed 5 games in his last two years and was injury prone.[3]","title":"Nathan Wright (footballer)"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Phelan, Jennifer (10 May 2013). \"Saint showing the Wright stuff\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.afl.com.au/news/2013-05-10/saint-showing-the-wright-stuff","url_text":"\"Saint showing the Wright stuff\""}]},{"reference":"Clark, Jay (14 May 2013). \"Carlton forward Eddie Betts says sorry to St Kilda's Nathan Wright for high bump\". Herald Sun.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.perthnow.com.au/sport/afl/carlton-forward-eddie-betts-says-sorry-to-st-kildas-nathan-wright-for-high-bump/story-e6frg1yc-1226642362905","url_text":"\"Carlton forward Eddie Betts says sorry to St Kilda's Nathan Wright for high bump\""}]},{"reference":"\"Injury-hit defender, forward join St Kilda exodus\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.afl.com.au/news/2018-08-29/defender-forward-join-st-kilda-exodus","url_text":"\"Injury-hit defender, forward join St Kilda exodus\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/N/Nathan_Wright.html","external_links_name":"AFL Tables"},{"Link":"https://australianfootball.com/players/player/Nathan+Wright/17142","external_links_name":"AustralianFootball.com"},{"Link":"http://www.afl.com.au/news/2013-05-10/saint-showing-the-wright-stuff","external_links_name":"\"Saint showing the Wright stuff\""},{"Link":"http://www.perthnow.com.au/sport/afl/carlton-forward-eddie-betts-says-sorry-to-st-kildas-nathan-wright-for-high-bump/story-e6frg1yc-1226642362905","external_links_name":"\"Carlton forward Eddie Betts says sorry to St Kilda's Nathan Wright for high bump\""},{"Link":"https://www.afl.com.au/news/2018-08-29/defender-forward-join-st-kilda-exodus","external_links_name":"\"Injury-hit defender, forward join St Kilda exodus\""},{"Link":"http://www.saints.com.au/players/","external_links_name":"Nathan Wright's profile"},{"Link":"http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/N/Nathan_Wright.html","external_links_name":"Nathan Wright's playing statistics"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nathan_Wright_(footballer)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant_mole
|
Levant mole
|
["1 References"]
|
Species of mammal
Levant mole
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Eulipotyphla
Family:
Talpidae
Genus:
Talpa
Species:
T. levantis
Binomial name
Talpa levantisThomas, 1906
Subspecies
T. l. transcaucasica Dahl, 1944
Range of T. l. levantis
Range of T. l. transcaucasica
The Levant mole (Talpa levantis) is a species of mammal in the family Talpidae. It is found in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, and Turkey.
There are two subspecies, T. l. levantis and T. l. transcaucasica (the Transcaucasian mole); the latter is sometimes considered a distinct species, but more recent studies have refuted this. In addition, the Talysch mole (T. talyschensis) was formerly considered conspecific, but more recent studies have found it to be distinct.
References
^ Yigit, N.; Kryštufek, B. (2016). "Talpa levantis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41482A22321127. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41482A22321127.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
^ a b c "Explore the Database". www.mammaldiversity.org. Retrieved 2021-10-17.
^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). "Subspecies Talpa levantis transcaucasica". Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
vteExtant species of Eulipotyphla
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Eutheria
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
Family: Erinaceidae
subfamily: Erinaceinae
Atelerix
Four-toed hedgehog (A. albiventris)
North African hedgehog (A. algirus)
Southern African hedgehog (A. frontalis)
Somali hedgehog (A. sclateri)
Erinaceus
Amur hedgehog (E. amurensis)
Southern white-breasted hedgehog (E. concolor)
West European hedgehog (E. europaeus)
Northern white-breasted hedgehog (E. roumanicus)
Hemiechinus
Long-eared hedgehog (H. auritus)
Indian long-eared hedgehog (H. collaris)
Mesechinus
Daurian hedgehog (M. dauuricus)
Hugh's hedgehog (M. hughi)
Gaoligong forest hedgehog (M. wangi)
Small-toothed forest hedgehog (M. miodon)
Eastern forest hedgehog (M. orientalis)
Paraechinus
Desert hedgehog (P. aethiopicus)
Brandt's hedgehog (P. hypomelas)
Indian hedgehog (P. micropus)
Bare-bellied hedgehog (P. nudiventris)
Family: Erinaceidae
subfamily: Galericinae
Echinosorex
Moonrat (E. gymnura)
Hylomys
Dwarf gymnure (H. parvus)
Javan short-tailed gymnure (H. suillus)
Bornean short-tailed gymnure (H. dorsalis)
Max's short-tailed gymnure (H. maxi)
Dalat gymnure (H. macarong)
Northern short-tailed gymnure (H. peguensis)
Leuser gymnure (H. vorax)
Neohylomys
Hainan gymnure (N. hainanensis)
Neotetracus
Shrew gymnure (N. sinensis)
Otohylomys
Long-eared gymnure (O. megalotis)
Podogymnura
Dinagat gymnure (P. aureospinula)
Mindanao gymnure (P. truei)
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Crocidurinae
Crocidura(White-toothedshrews)
Cyrenaica shrew (C. aleksandrisi)
East African highland shrew (C. allex)
Andaman shrew (C. andamanensis)
C. annamitensis
Ansell's shrew (C. ansellorum)
Arabian shrew (C. arabica)
Jackass shrew (C. arispa)
Armenian shrew (C. armenica)
Asian gray shrew (C. attenuata)
Hun shrew (C. attila)
Bailey's shrew (C. baileyi)
Kinabalu shrew (C. baluensis)
Batak shrew (C. batakorum)
Mindanao shrew (C. beatus)
Beccari's shrew (C. beccarii)
Bottego's shrew (C. bottegi)
Bale shrew (C. bottegoides)
Thick-tailed shrew (C. brunnea)
Buettikofer's shrew (C. buettikoferi)
African dusky shrew (C. caliginea)
Canarian shrew (C. canariensis)
Caspian shrew (C. caspica)
Cinderella shrew (C. cinderella)
Congo white-toothed shrew (C. congobelgica)
C. cranbrooki
Long-footed shrew (C. crenata)
Crosse's shrew (C. crossei)
Reddish-gray musk shrew (C. cyanea)
Dent's shrew (C. denti)
Desperate shrew (C. desperata)
Dhofar shrew (C. dhofarensis)
Long-tailed musk shrew (C. dolichura)
Doucet's musk shrew (C. douceti)
Dsinezumi shrew (C. dsinezumi)
Eisentraut's shrew (C. eisentrauti)
Elgon shrew (C. elgonius)
Elongated shrew (C. elongata)
Heather shrew (C. erica)
Fischer's shrew (C. fischeri)
Greater red musk shrew (C. flavescens)
Flower's shrew (C. floweri)
Bornean shrew (C. foetida)
Fox's shrew (C. foxi)
Southeast Asian shrew (C. fuliginosa)
Savanna shrew (C. fulvastra)
Smoky white-toothed shrew (C. fumosa)
Bicolored musk shrew (C. fuscomurina)
Glass's shrew (C. glassi)
Gmelin's white-toothed shrew (C. gmelini)
Goliath shrew (C. goliath)
Peters's musk shrew (C. gracilipes)
Large-headed shrew (C. grandiceps)
Greater Mindanao shrew (C. grandis)
Grasse's shrew (C. grassei)
Luzon shrew (C. grayi)
Greenwood's shrew (C. greenwoodi)
C. guy
Harenna shrew (C. harenna)
C. hikmiya
Hildegarde's shrew (C. hildegardeae)
Hill's shrew (C. hilliana)
Lesser red musk shrew (C. hirta)
Andaman spiny shrew (C. hispida)
Horsfield's shrew (C. horsfieldii)
Hutan shrew (C. hutanis)
North African white-toothed shrew (C. ichnusae)
Indochinese shrew (C. indochinensis)
Jackson's shrew (C. jacksoni)
Jenkins's shrew (C. jenkinsi)
Jouvenet's shrew (C. jouvenetae)
Katinka's shrew (C. katinka)
Ke Go shrew (C. kegoensis)
Kivu shrew (C. kivuana)
Lamotte's shrew (C. lamottei)
Kivu long-haired shrew (C. lanosa)
Ussuri white-toothed shrew (C. lasiura)
Latona's shrew (C. latona)
Sulawesi shrew (C. lea)
Sumatran giant shrew (C. lepidura)
Bicolored shrew (C. leucodon)
Sulawesi tiny shrew (C. levicula)
Butiaba naked-tailed shrew (C. littoralis)
Savanna swamp shrew (C. longipes)
Lucina's shrew (C. lucina)
Ludia's shrew (C. ludia)
Moonshine shrew (C. luna)
Mauritanian shrew (C. lusitania)
MacArthur's shrew (C. macarthuri)
MacMillan's shrew (C. macmillani)
Nyiro shrew (C. macowi)
Malayan shrew (C. malayana)
Manenguba shrew (C. manengubae)
Makwassie musk shrew (C. maquassiensis)
Swamp musk shrew (C. mariquensis)
Gracile naked-tailed shrew (C. maurisca)
Javanese shrew (C. maxi)
Mindoro shrew (C. mindorus)
Sri Lankan long-tailed shrew (C. miya)
Kilimanjaro shrew (C. monax)
Sunda shrew (C. monticola)
Montane white-toothed shrew (C. montis)
West African long-tailed shrew (C. muricauda)
Mossy forest shrew (C. musseri)
Ugandan musk shrew (C. mutesae)
Somali dwarf shrew (C. nana)
Savanna dwarf shrew (C. nanilla)
Peninsular shrew (C. negligens)
Negros shrew (C. negrina)
Nicobar shrew (C. nicobarica)
Nigerian shrew (C. nigeriae)
Blackish white-toothed shrew (C. nigricans)
Black-footed shrew (C. nigripes)
African black shrew (C. nigrofusca)
Nimba shrew (C. nimbae)
Niobe's shrew (C. niobe)
West African pygmy shrew (C. obscurior)
African giant shrew (C. olivieri)
Oriental shrew (C. orientalis)
Ryukyu shrew (C. orii)
Palawan shrew (C. palawanensis)
Panay shrew (C. panayensis)
Sumatran long-tailed shrew (C. paradoxura)
Small-footed shrew (C. parvipes)
Sahelian tiny shrew (C. pasha)
Pale gray shrew (C. pergrisea)
Guramba shrew (C. phaeura)
C. phanluongi
Phu Hoc shrew (C. phuquocensis)
Cameroonian shrew (C. picea)
Pitman's shrew (C. pitmani)
Flat-headed shrew (C. planiceps)
Fraser's musk shrew (C. poensis)
Polia's shrew (C. polia)
Kashmir white-toothed shrew (C. pullata)
Rainey's shrew (C. raineyi)
Negev shrew (C. ramona)
Chinese white-toothed shrew (C. rapax)
Egyptian pygmy shrew (C. religiosa)
Sulawesi white-handed shrew (C. rhoditis)
Roosevelt's shrew (C. roosevelti)
Greater white-toothed shrew (C. russula)
Ugandan lowland shrew (C. selina)
Lesser rock shrew (C. serezkyensis)
Asian lesser white-toothed shrew (C. shantungensis)
Siberian shrew (C. sibirica)
Sicilian shrew (C. sicula)
Lesser gray-brown musk shrew (C. silacea)
Desert musk shrew (C. smithii)
Sokolov's shrew (C. sokolovi)
Somali shrew (C. somalica)
Kahuzi swamp shrew (C. stenocephala)
Lesser white-toothed shrew (C. suaveolens)
Iranian shrew (C. susiana)
Tanzanian shrew (C. tansaniana)
Tarella shrew (C. tarella)
Saharan shrew (C. tarfayensis)
Telford's shrew (C. telfordi)
Timor shrew (C. tenuis)
Thalia's shrew (C. thalia)
Therese's shrew (C. theresae)
São Tomé shrew (C. thomensis)
Christmas Island shrew (C. trichura)
Turbo shrew (C. turba)
Ultimate shrew (C. ultima)
Usambara shrew (C. usambarae)
Savanna path shrew (C. viaria)
Mamfe shrew (C. virgata)
Voi shrew (C. voi)
Voracious shrew (C. vorax)
Banka shrew (C. vosmaeri)
Lesser Ryukyu shrew (C. watasei)
Whitaker's shrew (C. whitakeri)
Wimmer's shrew (C. wimmeri)
Hainan Island shrew (C. wuchihensis)
Xanthippe's shrew (C. xantippe)
Yankari shrew (C. yankariensis)
Mikhail Zaitsev's shrew (C. zaitsevi )
Zaphir's shrew (C. zaphiri)
Zarudny's rock shrew (C. zarudnyi)
Upemba shrew (C. zimmeri)
Cretan shrew (C. zimmermanni)
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Crocidurinae (continued)
Diplomesodon
Piebald shrew (D. pulchellus)
Feroculus
Kelaart's long-clawed shrew (F. feroculus)
Palawanosorex
Palawan moss shrew (P. muscorum)
Paracrocidura(Large-headedshrews)
Grauer's large-headed shrew (P. graueri)
Greater large-headed shrew (P. maxima)
Lesser large-headed shrew (P. schoutedeni)
Ruwenzorisorex
Ruwenzori shrew (R. suncoides)
Scutisorex
Hero shrew (S. somereni)
Thor's hero shrew (S. thori)
Solisorex
Pearson's long-clawed shrew (S. pearsoni)
Suncus
Taita shrew (S. aequatorius)
Black shrew (S. ater)
Day's shrew (S. dayi)
Etruscan shrew (S. etruscus)
Sri Lankan shrew (S. fellowesgordoni)
Bornean pygmy shrew (S. hosei)
Least dwarf shrew (S. infinitesimus)
Greater dwarf shrew (S. lixus)
Madagascan pygmy shrew (S. madagascariensis)
Malayan pygmy shrew (S. malayanus)
Climbing shrew (S. megalura)
Flores shrew (S. mertensi)
Asian highland shrew (S. montanus)
Asian house shrew (S. murinus)
Remy's pygmy shrew (S. remyi)
Anderson's shrew (S. stoliczkanus)
Lesser dwarf shrew (S. varilla)
Jungle shrew (S. zeylanicus)
Sylvisorex(Forest shrews)
Dudu Akaibe's pygmy shrew (S. akaibei)
Cameroonian forest shrew (S. cameruniensis)
Corbet's forest shrew (S. corbeti)
Grant's forest shrew (S. granti)
Howell's forest shrew (S. howelli)
Bioko forest shrew (S. isabellae)
Johnston's forest shrew (S. johnstoni)
Kongana shrew (S. konganensis)
Moon forest shrew (S. lunaris)
Mount Cameroon forest shrew (S. morio)
Greater forest shrew (S. ollula)
Lesser forest shrew (S. oriundus)
Rain forest shrew (S. pluvialis)
Volcano shrew (S. vulcanorum)
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Soricinae
AnourosoriciniAnourosorex(Asian mole shrews)
Assam mole shrew (A. assamensis)
Giant mole shrew (A. schmidi)
Chinese mole shrew (A. squamipes)
Taiwanese mole shrew (A. yamashinai)
BlarinelliniBlarinella(some Asiatic short-tailedshrews)
Asiatic short-tailed shrew (B. quadraticauda)
Burmese short-tailed shrew (B. wardi)
Parablarinella(some Asiatic short-tailedshrews)
Indochinese short-tailed shrew (P. griselda)
Anhui short-tailed shrew (P. latimaxillata)
BlarininiBlarina(American short-tailedshrews)
Northern short-tailed shrew (B. brevicauda)
Southern short-tailed shrew (B. carolinensis)
Elliot's short-tailed shrew (B. hylophaga)
Everglades short-tailed shrew (B. peninsulae)
Sherman's short-tailed shrew (B. shermani)
Cryptotis(Small-earedshrews)
C. mexicana group
Mexican small-eared shrew (C. mexicana)
Nelson's small-eared shrew (C. nelsoni)
Grizzled Mexican small-eared shrew (C. obscura)
Phillips' small-eared shrew (C. phillipsii)
C. goldmani set
Central Mexican broad-clawed shrew (C. alticola)
Goldman's broad-clawed shrew (C. goldmani)
Goodwin's broad-clawed shrew (C. goodwini)
Guatemalan broad-clawed shrew (C. griseoventris)
C. lacertosus
C. mam
Oaxacan broad-clawed shrew (C. peregrina)
C. nigrescens group
Eastern Cordillera small-footed shrew (C. brachyonyx)
Colombian small-eared shrew (C. colombiana)
Honduran small-eared shrew (C. hondurensis)
Yucatan small-eared shrew (C. mayensis)
Darién small-eared shrew (C. mera)
Merriam's small-eared shrew (C. merriami)
Blackish small-eared shrew (C. nigrescens)
C. thomasi group
Southern Colombian small-eared shrew (C. andinus)
Ecuadorian small-eared shrew (C. equatoris)
Rainer's small-eared shrew (C. huttereri)
Medellín small-eared shrew (C. medellinia)
Merida small-eared shrew (C. meridensis)
Wandering small-eared shrew (C. montivaga)
Peruvian small-eared shrew (C. peruviensis)
Scaly-footed small-eared shrew (C. squaipes)
Tamá small-eared shrew (C. tamensis)
Thomas's small-eared shrew (C. thomasi)
C. parva group
Central American least shrew (C. orophila)
North American least shrew (C. parva)
Tropical small-eared shrew (C. tropicalis)
Ungrouped / relict
Enders's small-eared shrew (C. endersi)
Talamancan small-eared shrew (C. gracilis)
Big Mexican small-eared shrew (C. magna)
NectogaliniChimarrogale(Asiatic watershrews)
Malayan water shrew (C. hantu)
Himalayan water shrew (C. himalayica)
Bornean water shrew (C. phaeura)
Japanese water shrew (C. platycephalus)
Chinese water shrew (C. styani)
Sumatran water shrew (C. sumatrana)
Chodsigoa
Van Sung's shrew (C. caovansunga)
De Winton's shrew (C. hypsibia)
Lamulate shrew (C. lamula)
Lowe's shrew (C. parca)
Pygmy brown-toothed shrew (C. parva)
Salenski's shrew (C. salenskii)
Smith's shrew (C. smithii)
Lesser Taiwanese shrew (C. sodalis)
Episoriculus
Hodgsons's brown-toothed shrew (E. caudatus)
Taiwanese brown-toothed shrew (E. fumidus)
Long-tailed brown-toothed shrew (E. leucops)
Long-tailed mountain shrew (E. macrurus)
Nectogale
Elegant water shrew (N. elegans)
Neomys
Mediterranean water shrew (N. anomalus)
Eurasian water shrew (N. fodiens)
Transcaucasian water shrew (N. teres)
Soriculus
Himalayan shrew (S. nigrescens)
NotiosoriciniMegasorex
Mexican shrew (M. gigas)
Notiosorex
Cockrum's gray shrew (N. cockrumi)
Crawford's gray shrew (N. crawfordi)
Large-eared gray shrew (N. evotis)
Villa's gray shrew (N. villai)
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Soricinae (tribe: Soricini)
Sorex(Long-tailedshrews)SubgenusOtisorex
Long-tailed shrew (S. dispar)
Smoky shrew (S. fumeus)
American pygmy shrew (S. hoyi)
Large-toothed shrew (S. macrodon)
Carmen mountain shrew (S. milleri)
Dwarf shrew (S. nanus)
Mexican long-tailed shrew (S. oreopolus)
Orizaba long-tailed shrew (S. orizabae)
Ornate shrew (S. ornatus)
Inyo shrew (S. tenellus)
Verapaz shrew (S. veraepacis)
S. vagrans complex
Glacier Bay water shrew (S. alaskanus)
Baird's shrew (S. bairdii)
Marsh shrew (S. bendirii)
Montane shrew (S. monticolus)
New Mexico shrew (S. neomexicanus)
Pacific shrew (S. pacificus)
American water shrew (S. palustris)
Fog shrew (S. sonomae)
Vagrant shrew (S. vagrans)
S. cinereus group
Kamchatka shrew (S. camtschatica)
Cinereus shrew (S. cinereus)
Prairie shrew (S. haydeni)
Saint Lawrence Island shrew (S. jacksoni)
Paramushir shrew (S. leucogaster)
Southeastern shrew (S. longirostris)
Mount Lyell shrew (S. lyelli)
Portenko's shrew (S. portenkoi)
Preble's shrew (S. preblei)
Pribilof Island shrew (S. pribilofensis)
Olympic shrew (S. rohweri)
Barren ground shrew (S. ugyunak)
SubgenusSorex
Dneper common shrew (S. averini)
Lesser striped shrew (S. bedfordiae)
Greater stripe-backed shrew (S. cylindricauda)
Chinese highland shrew (S. excelsus)
Azumi shrew (S. hosonoi)
Chinese shrew (S. sinalis)
Alaska tiny shrew (S. yukonicus)
S. alpinus group
Alpine shrew (S. alpinus)
Ussuri shrew (S. mirabilis)
S. araneus group
Valais shrew (S. antinorii)
Common shrew (S. araneus)
Udine shrew (S. arunchi)
Crowned shrew (S. coronatus)
Siberian large-toothed shrew (S. daphaenodon)
Iberian shrew (S. granarius)
Caucasian shrew (S. satunini)
S. arcticus group
Arctic shrew (S. arcticus)
Maritime shrew (S. maritimensis)
S. tundrensis group
Tien Shan shrew (S. asper)
Gansu shrew (S. cansulus)
Tundra shrew (S. tundrensis)
S. minutus group
Buchara shrew (S. buchariensis)
Kozlov's shrew (S. kozlovi)
Caucasian pygmy shrew (S. volnuchini)
S. caecutiens group
Laxmann's shrew (S. caecutiens)
Taiga shrew (S. isodon)
Eurasian least shrew (S. minutissimus)
Eurasian pygmy shrew (S. minutus)
Flat-skulled shrew (S. roboratus)
Shinto shrew (S. shinto)
Long-clawed shrew (S. unguiculatus)
S. gracillimus group
Slender shrew (S. gracillimus)
S. raddei group
Radde's shrew (S. raddei)
S. samniticus group
Apennine shrew (S. samniticus)
incertae sedis
Arizona shrew (S. arizonae)
Zacatecas shrew (S. emarginatus)
Merriam's shrew (S. merriami)
Kashmir pygmy shrew (S. planiceps)
Saussure's shrew (S. saussurei)
Sclater's shrew (S. sclateri)
San Cristobal shrew (S. stizodon)
Tibetan shrew (S. thibetanus)
Trowbridge's shrew (S. trowbridgii)
Chestnut-bellied shrew (S. ventralis)
Veracruz shrew (S. veraecrucis)
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Myosoricinae
Congosorex(Congo shrews)
Phillips's shrew (C. phillipsorum)
Greater Congo shrew (C. polli)
Lesser Congo shrew (C. verheyeni)
Myosorex(Mouse shrews)
Babault's mouse shrew (M. babaulti)
Montane mouse shrew (M. blarina)
Bururi forest shrew (M. bururiensis)
Dark-footed mouse shrew (M. cafer)
Eisentraut's mouse shrew (M. eisentrauti)
Geata mouse shrew (M. geata)
Nyika mouse shrew (M. gnoskei)
Kihaule's mouse shrew (M. kihaulei)
Long-tailed forest shrew (M. longicaudatus)
Oku mouse shrew (M. okuensis)
Rumpi mouse shrew (M. rumpii)
Schaller's mouse shrew (M. schalleri)
Sclater's mouse shrew (M. sclateri)
Thin mouse shrew (M. tenuis)
Forest shrew (M. varius)
Kilimanjaro mouse shrew (M. zinki)
Surdisorex(African moleshrews)
Aberdare mole shrew (S. norae)
Mount Kenya mole shrew (S. polulus)
Family: Talpidae
Scalopinae(New World molesand relatives)Condylura
Star-nosed mole (C. cristata)
Parascalops
Hairy-tailed mole (P. breweri)
Scalopus
Eastern mole (S. aquaticus)
Scapanulus
Gansu mole (S. oweni)
Scapanus(Western NorthAmerican moles)
Broad-footed mole (S. latimanus)
Coast mole (S. orarius)
Townsend's mole (S. townsendii)
Talpinae(Old World molesand relatives)Desmana
Russian desman (D. moschata)
Dymecodon
True's shrew mole (D. pilirostris)
Euroscaptor
Greater Chinese mole (E. grandis)
Kloss's mole (E. klossi)
Long-nosed mole (E. longirostris)
Himalayan mole (E. micrura)
Small-toothed mole (E. parvidens)
Vietnamese mole (E. subanura)
Galemys
Pyrenean desman (G. pyrenaicus)
Mogera
Echigo mole (M. etigo)
Insular mole (M. insularis)
Kano mole (M. kanoana)
Kobe mole (M. kobeae)
Small Japanese mole (M. imaizumii)
Large mole (M. robusta)
Sado mole (M. tokudae)
Japanese mole (M. wogura)
Senkaku mole (M. uchidai)
Neurotrichus
American shrew mole (N. gibbsii)
Oreoscaptor
Japanese mountain mole (O. mizura)
Parascaptor
White-tailed mole (P. leucura)
Scaptochirus
Short-faced mole (S. moschatus)
Scaptonyx
Long-tailed mole (S. fusicaudus)
Talpa
Altai mole (T. altaica)
Aquitanian mole (T. aquitania)
Blind mole (T. caeca)
Caucasian mole (T. caucasica)
European mole (T. europaea)
Père David's mole (T. davidiana)
Levant mole (T. levantis)
Martino's mole (T. martinorum)
Spanish mole (T. occidentalis)
Ognev's mole (T. ognevi)
Roman mole (T. romana)
Balkan mole (T. stankovici)
Talysch mole (T. talyschensis)
Urotrichus
Japanese shrew mole (U. talpoides)
Uropsilinae(Chinese shrew-likemoles)Uropsilus
Equivalent-teeth shrew mole (U. aequodonenia)
Anderson's shrew mole (U. andersoni)
Black-backed shrew mole (U. atronates)
Dabie Mountains shrew mole (U. dabieshanensis)
Gracile shrew mole (U. gracilis)
Inquisitive shrew mole (U. investigator)
Snow Mountain shrew mole (U. nivatus)
Chinese shrew mole (U. soricipes)
Family: Solenodontidae
Atopogale
Cuban solenodon (A. cubana)
Solenodon
Hispaniolan solenodon (S. paradoxus)
Taxon identifiersTalpa levantis
Wikidata: Q605773
Wikispecies: Talpa levantis
ADW: Talpa_levantis
CoL: 54M2X
EoL: 1178989
EUNIS: 16400
Fauna Europaea: 305517
Fauna Europaea (new): 3761d11c-b2ed-4a94-9c54-26aace5d5b20
GBIF: 2436131
iNaturalist: 46946
IRMNG: 10595344
ITIS: 633853
IUCN: 41482
MDD: 1004340
MSW: 13700735
NCBI: 700934
Observation.org: 87943
Open Tree of Life: 626278
This article about a eulipotyphlan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"mammal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal"},{"link_name":"Talpidae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talpidae"},{"link_name":"Armenia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia"},{"link_name":"Azerbaijan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan"},{"link_name":"Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)"},{"link_name":"Russia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia"},{"link_name":"Turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"subspecies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subspecies"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Talysch mole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talysch_mole"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"}],"text":"The Levant mole (Talpa levantis) is a species of mammal in the family Talpidae. It is found in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, and Turkey.[2]There are two subspecies, T. l. levantis and T. l. transcaucasica (the Transcaucasian mole); the latter is sometimes considered a distinct species, but more recent studies have refuted this.[2][3] In addition, the Talysch mole (T. talyschensis) was formerly considered conspecific, but more recent studies have found it to be distinct.[2]","title":"Levant mole"}]
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[{"reference":"Yigit, N.; Kryštufek, B. (2016). \"Talpa levantis\". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41482A22321127. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41482A22321127.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41482/22321127","url_text":"\"Talpa levantis\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List","url_text":"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41482A22321127.en","url_text":"10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41482A22321127.en"}]},{"reference":"\"Explore the Database\". www.mammaldiversity.org. Retrieved 2021-10-17.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.mammaldiversity.org/explore.html#species-id=1004340","url_text":"\"Explore the Database\""}]},{"reference":"Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). \"Subspecies Talpa levantis transcaucasica\". Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_E._Wilson","url_text":"Wilson, D. E."},{"url":"http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13700739","url_text":"\"Subspecies Talpa levantis transcaucasica\""},{"url":"http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA1","url_text":"Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0","url_text":"978-0-8018-8221-0"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494","url_text":"62265494"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Amaya
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Ashraf Amaya
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["1 High school career","2 College career","3 Professional career","4 National team career","5 References","6 External links"]
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American basketball player
Ashraf AmayaPersonal informationBorn (1971-11-23) November 23, 1971 (age 52)Chicago, Illinois, U.S.Listed height6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)Listed weight230 lb (104 kg)Career informationHigh schoolWalther Lutheran(Melrose Park, Illinois)CollegeSouthern Illinois (1989–1993)NBA draft1993: undraftedPlaying career1993–2004PositionPower forwardNumber18, 50Career history1993Kolejliler1993–1994Quad City Thunder1994Fort Wayne Fury1994–1995Ampelokipoi1995–1996Vancouver Grizzlies1996–1997Washington Bullets1997–1998Idaho Stampede1998–1999Ducato Siena1999–2002Maroussi2003–2004Ülkerspor2004Dakota Wizards2004Tenerife
Career highlights and awards
FIBA Saporta Cup champion (2001)
2× Greek League All-Star (1999, 2001)
CBA champion (2004)
MVC Player of the Year (1992)
Stats at NBA.comStats at Basketball-Reference.com
Medals
Representing United States
FIBA World Cup
1998 Greece
National team
Ashraf Omar Amaya (born November 23, 1971) is an American former professional basketball player.
High school career
Amaya attended Oak Park and River Forest High School for his freshman year, but he transferred to Walther Lutheran High School to finish his high school career. While at Walther, Amaya led the Broncos to a 3rd-place finish in the 1988 Illinois High School Association playoffs. Amaya's number 50 jersey is retired at Walther.
College career
Amaya played college basketball for the Southern Illinois University.
Professional career
After college, Amaya then would appear for the Vancouver Grizzlies in their inaugural season (1995–96) and Washington Bullets (1996–97) in the NBA, playing a total of 85 games in those two seasons.
Amaya last played professionally for the Apollon Patras club in Greece, in the Greek Basket League in 2004. He also played for the Dakota Wizards of the NBDL, Alpella Istanbul in Turkey (Turkish League), the Idaho Stampede in the CBA, and Maroussi Athens in Greece, with whom he won the FIBA Saporta Cup in the 2000–01 season.
National team career
Amaya also played for the senior US national team at the 1998 FIBA World Championship, winning the bronze medal.
References
^ "Ashraf Omar Amaya's profile". fiba.com. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
^ Amaya career statistics
^ Marousi Saporta winner. (in Greek)
^ 1998 USA Basketball. Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine
External links
nba.com historical playerfile
vteMissouri Valley Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year
1969: B. Smith
1970: Ard
1971: Halliburton
1972: Finch
1973: Kenon
1974: Bridgeman
1975: Bridgeman
1976: Glenn
1977: Phegley
1978: Bird
1979: Bird
1980: Lloyd
1981: Lloyd
1982: Pressey
1983: A. Carr
1984: McDaniel
1985: McDaniel
1986: Les
1987: Hawkins
1988: Hawkins
1989: Manuel
1990: Harstad
1991: Gallagher
1992: Amaya
1993: C. Smith
1994: Collier
1995: C. Carr
1996: Parker
1997: Daisy
1998: Hill
1999: Wilson
2000: N. Green
2001: Bryson
2002: Korver
2003: Korver
2004: Brooks
2005: Brooks
2006: Miller
2007: Tatum
2008: Emmenecker
2009: Woodfox
2010: Koch
2011: Weems
2012: McDermott
2013: McDermott
2014: VanVleet
2015: Tuttle
2016: VanVleet
2017: Lee
2018: Custer
2019: Townes
2020: A. Green
2021: Krutwig
2022: A. Green
2023: DeVries
2024: DeVries
vteUnited States squad – 1998 FIBA World Championship – Bronze medal
4 Langdon
5 Hawkins
6 Garris
7 Sasser
8 J. King
9 Edwards
10 Oliver
11 Alexis
12 G. King
13 Wood
14 Amaya
15 Miller
Coach: Tomjanovich
vteMaroussi FIBA Saporta Cup 2000–01 champions
4 Falekas
5 Nikolaidis
6 Manolopoulos
7 Karaplis
8 Maslarinos
9 Marmarinos
10 Vourtzoumis
11 Evtimov
12 Oliver (Finals MVP)
13 Amaya
Anagnostou
Charalampidis
Logothetis
Head coach: Alexandris
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mortimer_(agriculturalist)
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John Mortimer (agriculturalist)
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["1 Biography","2 Works","2.1 The whole Art of Husbandry, 1707","2.2 The whole art of husbandry, content","3 Legacy","4 Selected publications","5 Notes","6 References"]
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John Mortimer (c. 1656 – 1736) was an English merchant, and writer on agriculture, known for The whole Art of Husbandry, in the way of Managing and Improving of Land published in London in 1707.
Biography
John was born in 1656, the only son and heir of Mark Mortimer, grocer of London, by his wife Abigail Walmesley of Blackmore in Essex, who married 3rd October 1651 in the parish of St Anne and St Agnes, London. His father was born into a yeoman family of Bow, Devon, and had a brother Peter who also entered into a commercial profession. John Mortimer received a commercial education, and became a prosperous merchant on Tower Hill.
Land with a farmhouse in the back in Hatfield Peverel.
In November 1693, at the age of about 43, he bought the estate of Topping Hall, Hatfield Peverel, Essex, which he improved; a number of cedar trees planted by him were still in there in the 19th century. Mortimer became Fellow of the Royal Society in December 1705.
Mortimer was married three times. His first wife, Dorothy, born at Hursley, near Winchester, on 1 August 1660, was the ninth child of Richard Cromwell, and it is supposed that the ex-protector's return to England in 1680 was prompted by a desire to be present at the wedding. She died in childbirth (14 May 1681) within a year of the marriage. He married, secondly, Sarah, daughter of Sir John Tippets, knight, surveyor of the navy, by whom he had a son and a daughter. Thirdly, Mortimer married Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel Sanders of Derbyshire, by whom he had four sons and two daughters. The second son was Cromwell Mortimer.
Works
Mortimer wrote Some Considerations concerning the present State of Religion, with some Essays towards our Love and Union, London, 1702, against sectarian feeling, Advice to Parents, or Rules for the Education of Children, London, 1704, and The whole Art of Husbandry, in 1707.
The whole Art of Husbandry, 1707
Title page of The whole Art of Husbandry, 1707
Mortimer's The whole Art of Husbandry, in the way of Managing and Improving of Land forms a landmark in English agricultural literature, and largely influenced husbandry in the 18th century. The writer states that he had read the best books on ancient and modern agriculture, and inspected the practice of the most diligent husbandmen in most countries. After duly digesting these he had added his own experiences.
The book, which treats not only of the usual branches of agriculture, but also of fish ponds, orchards, and of the culture of silkworms, and the making of cider, is said by Donaldson (1854) to "form a very large advancement in the progress of agriculture from the preceding authors on the subject. Trees and fruits do still occupy too much room, but the animals are more largely introduced and systematically treated."
The work was dedicated to the Royal Society, of which Mortimer had been admitted a member in December 1705. A second edition was issued in 1708, and a third in 1712, "containing such additions as are proper for the husband- man and gardiner (sic) ... to which is added a Kalendar, shewing what is to be done every month in the flower garden." It was translated into Swedish by Jacob Serenius in 1727, and a sixth edition, with additions, and revised by Thomas Mortimer, the writer's grandson, appeared in 2 volumes in 1761.
The whole art of husbandry, content
The whole art of husbandry consisted of a total of 15 books, published in one volume, each book divided into chapters on connected subjects. The first book has four chapters – on inclosing lands; of pastures, and meadow lands, how to improve them, and defend by banks from floods and tides; and of making hay; and of several sorts of grass seeds, as clover, sainfoin, and lucerne, – ray grass, trefoil, and several other grasses. The second book has 6 chapters – of arable land and tillage; on ploughs, of which some are figured; and the square earth board is shown and recommended for stiff clays; the Hertfordshire wheel-plough was until in the 19th century much recommended; of ploughing and laying land in ridges; of sowing corn and steeping it. The third book has three chapters, describing the different natures of soils; the ability and power of production.
Book 2 of The whole Art of Husbandry, p. 41.
The fourth book has seventeen chapters: I. On the manuring and digging of lands, with observations on each sort of manure ; II. Of the burning of land ; III. Of chalk ; IV. Of lime. ; V. Of marl ; VI. Of fuller's earth. ; VII. Of clay. ; VIII. Of sand. ; IX. Of earth. ; X. Of sea sand and weed. ; XI. Of dungs. ; XII. Of sheep's dung. ; XIII. Of hog's dung. ; XIV. Of urine. ; XV. Of human ordure. ; XVI. Of the dung of fowls. ; And XVII. Of several other sorts of manures, as ashes, soap ashes, soot, rags, malt dust, and the several soils each sort of manure is best for.
The fifth book has 25 chapters, on grains and pulse crops, the roots, and herbaceous plants. The sixth book, of 21 chapters, treats on the animals, fowls, and insects that stock the farm. The seventh book, of three chapters, describes the pests of the farm, in four-footed and feathered beasts. The eighth book has five chapters on the uses of corn, and the making of malt. The four chapters of the ninth book treat on the small tools of work. The tenth book has four chapters on buildings and repairs. Book eleven treats on the different trees in 21 chapters. The twelfth book, in 12 chapters, describes coppice woods. The thirteenth book has two chapters on the plants of the kitchen garden. The fourteenth book has 21 chapters on fruit trees. The fifteenth book has five chapters on English liquors, as ale, cyder, and fruit wines.
About agricultural lime, Mortimer prescribed, that it had to be used at the rate of 160 bushels to an acre, and laid in cinders in a bushel to a pole square, covered with earth, and spread when dissolved—but better in being carried hot on the land. It makes corn grow with a thin bark, and does not last above five years. Forty bushels or soot were sown by hand on an acre, and produced a mighty sweet grass. The spade is figured for paring land to be burned, and is the same used in the 19th century. Turnips are sown in broad cast on finely fallowed lands, in midsummer, and afford food for sheep, cows, and fattening cattle into the month of March. The crop is a great help to dry barren lands, and will grow on almost any ground—the fly and caterpillar often destroy them. The crop is thinned by twice hoeing, at an expense of 4s. to 9s. an acre, or in daily wages in that time of fourteen-pence. Stubble turnips were sown at this time of the cultivation of the plant.
On farm animal Mortimer spoke of:
A bull, which should have a sharp quick countenance, forehead broad and curled, eyes black and large, horns long, neck fleshy, belly long and large, hair smooth like velvet, breast big, back straight and flat, buttocks square, thighs round, legs straight, joints short.
The cow ought to have a broad forehead, black eyes, clean great horns, neck long and thin, large deep belly, thick thighs, round legs, short joints; white, large, deep udder, having four teats, and the feet large.
Of sheep, he says, the ram must have a large, long body, forehead broad, round, and well rising, eyes cheerful and large, nostrils short and straight. The ewe must have the neck large and upright, bending like a horse's, back broad, buttocks round, tail thick, legs small and short, clean, and nimble, wool thick and deep, covering all the body; gums must be red, teeth white and even, brisket skinned, eye-strings ruddy, felt loose, wool fast, breath sweet, the feet not hot. Fat pastures are said to produce straight tall sheep, and hills and short pastures breed square ones; woods and mountains yield small and slender sheep. The observations are very judicious on the breeding and management of sheep, and differ little from the modern practice. It appears that many sheep were then rotted.
In 1854 Donaldson concluded that the accompanied "Farmer's Calendar," in directions of monthly work, would do credit to any modern publication. Mortimer also gave an account on rent, stating according to Donaldson, that but "few farms will afford the generally allowed increase of three rents; one for the landlord, one for charges, and the third for the tenant. A farm of 100 acres, let at £1 per acre, may be maintained for the charge of £100 yearly; but if let for £50 a year the charges will be more than double the rent; or there must be the quantity of 200 acres of land in the farm."
Legacy
The British The Complete Farmer: Or, a General Dictionary of Husbandry by members of the Royal Society, first published from 1756 to 1768, considered John Mortimer among the foremost agriculturists of that time. The 3rd edition of The Complete Farmer (1777) even listed Mortimer in the subtitle of this work among other foremost authorities, such as Carl Linnaeus, Louis François Henri de Menon, Hugh Plat, John Evelyn, John Worlidge, Jethro Tull, William Ellis, Philip Miller, Thomas Hale, Edward Lisle, Roque, John Mills, and Arthur Young.
By the end of the 18th century Mortimer authority faded. The 3rd edition (1777) of The Complete Farmer still mentioned Mortimer as reference over 50 times, but in 4th edition (1793) just over a dozen times. In his 1825 An encyclopædia of agriculture, John Claudius Loudon confirmed Mortimer's authority in the 18th century, stating:
"In England, from the restoration to the middle of the eighteenth century, very little improvement took place, either in the cultivation of the soil, or in the management of live stock. Even clover and turnips (the great support of the present improved system of agriculture) were confined to a few districts, and at the close of this period were scarcely cultivated at all by common farmers in the northern parts of the island. From the Whole Art of Husbandry, published by Mortimer in 1706, a work of considerable merit, it does not appear that any improvement was made on his practices till near the end of last century. In those districts where clover and rye-grass were cultivated, they were cut green, and used for soiling as at present. Turnips were sown broadcast, hand hoed, and used for feeding sheep and cattle, as they were used in Houghton's time, and are still in most districts of England.
Donaldson in his 1854 Agricultural Biography, credited both Mortimer and John Mills for being the first authors, who wrote on agriculture, presenting all the branches of the art within the compass of one work. John Mills succeeded, according to Donaldson, while "Worlidge began the attempt, but failed in the comprehension required."
Selected publications
John Mortimer. Some Considerations concerning the present State of Religion, with some Essays towards our Love and Union, London, 1702.
John Mortimer. Advice to Parents, or Rules for the Education of Children, London, 1704.
John Mortimer. The whole Art of Husbandry, in the way of Managing and Improving of Land. London, 1707.
Notes
^ "The Mortimers of Hatfield Peverel". Mortimer History. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
^ a b c d e Lee, Sidney, ed. (1894). "Mortimer, John (1656?-1736)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 39. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
^ a b c d e f g John Donaldson's Agricultural Biography, (1854) p. 41; Containing an abstract of the contents of the Art of Husbandry.
^ Thomson, Royal Society, App. p. xxxi
^ The Complete Farmer: Or, a General Dictionary of Husbandry. 3rd ed. 1777.
^ John Claudius Loudon"(1825) An encyclopædia of agriculture,
^ John Donaldson. "John Mills, F.R.S.". in: Agricultural Biography, 1854, p. 51
^ Samuel Austin Allibone. A Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and British and American Authors, Living and Deceased, from the Earliest Accounts to the Middle of the Nineteenth Century, Vol. 2, p. 1289.
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Mortimer (agriculturalist).
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1894). "Mortimer, John (1656?-1736)". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 39. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Seccombe, Thomas; McConnell, Anita. "Mortimer, John (1656?–1736)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19348. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
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Poland
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[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"John Mortimer (agriculturalist)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Blackmore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackmore"},{"link_name":"St Anne and St Agnes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Anne_and_St_Agnes"},{"link_name":"Bow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow,_Devon"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Tower Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hill"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DNB-2"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Towards_Termitts_Farm_-_geograph.org.uk_-_405405.jpg"},{"link_name":"Hatfield Peverel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatfield_Peverel"},{"link_name":"Hatfield Peverel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatfield_Peverel"},{"link_name":"Fellow of the Royal Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DNB-2"},{"link_name":"Richard Cromwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Cromwell"},{"link_name":"Cromwell Mortimer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromwell_Mortimer"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DNB-2"}],"text":"John was born in 1656, the only son and heir of Mark Mortimer, grocer of London, by his wife Abigail Walmesley of Blackmore in Essex, who married 3rd October 1651 in the parish of St Anne and St Agnes, London. His father was born into a yeoman family of Bow, Devon, and had a brother Peter who also entered into a commercial profession.[1] John Mortimer received a commercial education, and became a prosperous merchant on Tower Hill.[2]Land with a farmhouse in the back in Hatfield Peverel.In November 1693, at the age of about 43, he bought the estate of Topping Hall, Hatfield Peverel, Essex, which he improved; a number of cedar trees planted by him were still in there in the 19th century. Mortimer became Fellow of the Royal Society in December 1705.[2]Mortimer was married three times. His first wife, Dorothy, born at Hursley, near Winchester, on 1 August 1660, was the ninth child of Richard Cromwell, and it is supposed that the ex-protector's return to England in 1680 was prompted by a desire to be present at the wedding. She died in childbirth (14 May 1681) within a year of the marriage. He married, secondly, Sarah, daughter of Sir John Tippets, knight, surveyor of the navy, by whom he had a son and a daughter. Thirdly, Mortimer married Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel Sanders of Derbyshire, by whom he had four sons and two daughters. The second son was Cromwell Mortimer.[2]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DNB-2"}],"text":"Mortimer wrote Some Considerations concerning the present State of Religion, with some Essays towards our Love and Union, London, 1702, against sectarian feeling, Advice to Parents, or Rules for the Education of Children, London, 1704, and The whole Art of Husbandry, in 1707.[2]","title":"Works"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_whole_Art_of_Husbandry,_1707.jpg"},{"link_name":"fish ponds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_pond"},{"link_name":"orchards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchard"},{"link_name":"silkworms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silkworm"},{"link_name":"cider","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cider"},{"link_name":"Donaldson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Donaldson_(agriculturalist)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Don_1854-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Thomas Mortimer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Mortimer_(writer)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DNB-2"}],"sub_title":"The whole Art of Husbandry, 1707","text":"Title page of The whole Art of Husbandry, 1707Mortimer's The whole Art of Husbandry, in the way of Managing and Improving of Land forms a landmark in English agricultural literature, and largely influenced husbandry in the 18th century. The writer states that he had read the best books on ancient and modern agriculture, and inspected the practice of the most diligent husbandmen in most countries. After duly digesting these he had added his own experiences.The book, which treats not only of the usual branches of agriculture, but also of fish ponds, orchards, and of the culture of silkworms, and the making of cider, is said by Donaldson (1854) to \"form a very large advancement in the progress of agriculture from the preceding authors on the subject. Trees and fruits do still occupy too much room, but the animals are more largely introduced and systematically treated.\"[3]The work was dedicated to the Royal Society, of which Mortimer had been admitted a member in December 1705.[4] A second edition was issued in 1708, and a third in 1712, \"containing such additions as are proper for the husband- man and gardiner (sic) ... to which is added a Kalendar, shewing what is to be done every month in the flower garden.\" It was translated into Swedish by Jacob Serenius in 1727, and a sixth edition, with additions, and revised by Thomas Mortimer, the writer's grandson, appeared in 2 volumes in 1761.[2]","title":"Works"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"clover","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clover"},{"link_name":"sainfoin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainfoin"},{"link_name":"lucerne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfalfa"},{"link_name":"trefoil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_(genus)"},{"link_name":"ploughs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plough"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Don_1854-3"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_whole_Art_of_Husbandry,_1707_p._41.jpg"},{"link_name":"manure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure"},{"link_name":"chalk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk"},{"link_name":"lime","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_(material)"},{"link_name":"marl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marl"},{"link_name":"fuller's earth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuller%27s_earth"},{"link_name":"clay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay"},{"link_name":"sand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand"},{"link_name":"sand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand"},{"link_name":"weed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaweed"},{"link_name":"dungs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feces"},{"link_name":"urine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Don_1854-3"},{"link_name":"grains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_grain"},{"link_name":"pulse crops","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_(legume)"},{"link_name":"herbaceous plants","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbaceous_plants"},{"link_name":"trees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees"},{"link_name":"coppice woods","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholes_Coppice"},{"link_name":"liquors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquors"},{"link_name":"cyder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyder"},{"link_name":"fruit wines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_wines"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Don_1854-3"},{"link_name":"agricultural lime","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_lime"},{"link_name":"spade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spade"},{"link_name":"Turnips","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnips"},{"link_name":"cows","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cows"},{"link_name":"caterpillar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterpillar"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Don_1854-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Don_1854-3"},{"link_name":"Donaldson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Donaldson_(agriculturalist)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Don_1854-3"}],"sub_title":"The whole art of husbandry, content","text":"The whole art of husbandry consisted of a total of 15 books, published in one volume, each book divided into chapters on connected subjects. The first book has four chapters – on inclosing lands; of pastures, and meadow lands, how to improve them, and defend by banks from floods and tides; and of making hay; and of several sorts of grass seeds, as clover, sainfoin, and lucerne, – ray grass, trefoil, and several other grasses. The second book has 6 chapters – of arable land and tillage; on ploughs, of which some are figured; and the square earth board is shown and recommended for stiff clays; the Hertfordshire wheel-plough was until in the 19th century much recommended; of ploughing and laying land in ridges; of sowing corn and steeping it. The third book has three chapters, describing the different natures of soils; the ability and power of production.[3]Book 2 of The whole Art of Husbandry, p. 41.The fourth book has seventeen chapters: I. On the manuring and digging of lands, with observations on each sort of manure ; II. Of the burning of land ; III. Of chalk ; IV. Of lime. ; V. Of marl ; VI. Of fuller's earth. ; VII. Of clay. ; VIII. Of sand. ; IX. Of earth. ; X. Of sea sand and weed. ; XI. Of dungs. ; XII. Of sheep's dung. ; XIII. Of hog's dung. ; XIV. Of urine. ; XV. Of human ordure. ; XVI. Of the dung of fowls. ; And XVII. Of several other sorts of manures, as ashes, soap ashes, soot, rags, malt dust, and the several soils each sort of manure is best for.[3]The fifth book has 25 chapters, on grains and pulse crops, the roots, and herbaceous plants. The sixth book, of 21 chapters, treats on the animals, fowls, and insects that stock the farm. The seventh book, of three chapters, describes the pests of the farm, in four-footed and feathered beasts. The eighth book has five chapters on the uses of corn, and the making of malt. The four chapters of the ninth book treat on the small tools of work. The tenth book has four chapters on buildings and repairs. Book eleven treats on the different trees in 21 chapters. The twelfth book, in 12 chapters, describes coppice woods. The thirteenth book has two chapters on the plants of the kitchen garden. The fourteenth book has 21 chapters on fruit trees. The fifteenth book has five chapters on English liquors, as ale, cyder, and fruit wines.[3]About agricultural lime, Mortimer prescribed, that it had to be used at the rate of 160 bushels to an acre, and laid in cinders in a bushel to a pole square, covered with earth, and spread when dissolved—but better in being carried hot on the land. It makes corn grow with a thin bark, and does not last above five years. Forty bushels or soot were sown by hand on an acre, and produced a mighty sweet grass. The spade is figured for paring land to be burned, and is the same used in the 19th century. Turnips are sown in broad cast on finely fallowed lands, in midsummer, and afford food for sheep, cows, and fattening cattle into the month of March. The crop is a great help to dry barren lands, and will grow on almost any ground—the fly and caterpillar often destroy them. The crop is thinned by twice hoeing, at an expense of 4s. to 9s. an acre, or in daily wages in that time of fourteen-pence. Stubble turnips were sown at this time of the cultivation of the plant.[3]On farm animal Mortimer spoke of:A bull, which should have a sharp quick countenance, forehead broad and curled, eyes black and large, horns long, neck fleshy, belly long and large, hair smooth like velvet, breast big, back straight and flat, buttocks square, thighs round, legs straight, joints short.\nThe cow ought to have a broad forehead, black eyes, clean great horns, neck long and thin, large deep belly, thick thighs, round legs, short joints; white, large, deep udder, having four teats, and the feet large.\nOf sheep, he says, the ram must have a large, long body, forehead broad, round, and well rising, eyes cheerful and large, nostrils short and straight. The ewe must have the neck large and upright, bending like a horse's, back broad, buttocks round, tail thick, legs small and short, clean, and nimble, wool thick and deep, covering all the body; gums must be red, teeth white and even, brisket skinned, eye-strings ruddy, felt loose, wool fast, breath sweet, the feet not hot. Fat pastures are said to produce straight tall sheep, and hills and short pastures breed square ones; woods and mountains yield small and slender sheep. The observations are very judicious on the breeding and management of sheep, and differ little from the modern practice. It appears that many sheep were then rotted.[3]In 1854 Donaldson concluded that the accompanied \"Farmer's Calendar,\" in directions of monthly work, would do credit to any modern publication. Mortimer also gave an account on rent, stating according to Donaldson, that but \"few farms will afford the generally allowed increase of three rents; one for the landlord, one for charges, and the third for the tenant. A farm of 100 acres, let at £1 per acre, may be maintained for the charge of £100 yearly; but if let for £50 a year the charges will be more than double the rent; or there must be the quantity of 200 acres of land in the farm.\"[3]","title":"Works"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Complete Farmer: Or, a General Dictionary of Husbandry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Complete_Farmer:_Or,_a_General_Dictionary_of_Husbandry"},{"link_name":"Carl Linnaeus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus"},{"link_name":"Louis François Henri de Menon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois_Henri_de_Menon"},{"link_name":"Hugh Plat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Plat"},{"link_name":"John Evelyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Evelyn"},{"link_name":"John Worlidge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Worlidge"},{"link_name":"Jethro Tull","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jethro_Tull_(agriculturist)"},{"link_name":"William Ellis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ellis_(writer_on_agriculture)"},{"link_name":"Philip Miller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Miller"},{"link_name":"Thomas Hale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hale_(agriculturist)"},{"link_name":"John Mills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mills_(encyclopedist)"},{"link_name":"Arthur Young","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Young_(agriculturist)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"John Claudius Loudon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Claudius_Loudon"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-JD_1854-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"The British The Complete Farmer: Or, a General Dictionary of Husbandry by members of the Royal Society, first published from 1756 to 1768, considered John Mortimer among the foremost agriculturists of that time. The 3rd edition of The Complete Farmer (1777) even listed Mortimer in the subtitle of this work among other foremost authorities, such as Carl Linnaeus, Louis François Henri de Menon, Hugh Plat, John Evelyn, John Worlidge, Jethro Tull, William Ellis, Philip Miller, Thomas Hale, Edward Lisle, Roque, John Mills, and Arthur Young.[5]By the end of the 18th century Mortimer authority faded. The 3rd edition (1777) of The Complete Farmer still mentioned Mortimer as reference over 50 times, but in 4th edition (1793) just over a dozen times. In his 1825 An encyclopædia of agriculture, John Claudius Loudon confirmed Mortimer's authority in the 18th century, stating:\"In England, from the restoration to the middle of the eighteenth century, very little improvement took place, either in the cultivation of the soil, or in the management of live stock. Even clover and turnips (the great support of the present improved system of agriculture) were confined to a few districts, and at the close of this period were scarcely cultivated at all by common farmers in the northern parts of the island. From the Whole Art of Husbandry, published by Mortimer in 1706, a work of considerable merit, it does not appear that any improvement was made on his practices till near the end of last century. In those districts where clover and rye-grass were cultivated, they were cut green, and used for soiling as at present. Turnips were sown broadcast, hand hoed, and used for feeding sheep and cattle, as they were used in Houghton's time, and are still in most districts of England.[6]Donaldson in his 1854 Agricultural Biography, credited both Mortimer and John Mills for being the first authors, who wrote on agriculture, presenting all the branches of the art within the compass of one work.[7] John Mills succeeded, according to Donaldson, while \"Worlidge began the attempt, but failed in the comprehension required.\"[8]","title":"Legacy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The whole Art of Husbandry, in the way of Managing and Improving of Land","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=9nxZAAAAYAAJ"}],"text":"John Mortimer. Some Considerations concerning the present State of Religion, with some Essays towards our Love and Union, London, 1702.\nJohn Mortimer. Advice to Parents, or Rules for the Education of Children, London, 1704.\nJohn Mortimer. The whole Art of Husbandry, in the way of Managing and Improving of Land. London, 1707.","title":"Selected publications"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"\"The Mortimers of Hatfield Peverel\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//mortimerhistory.com/mortimer-family-tree/devon/bow/hatfield-peverel/"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-DNB_2-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-DNB_2-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-DNB_2-2"},{"link_name":"d","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-DNB_2-3"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-DNB_2-4"},{"link_name":"Lee, Sidney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Lee"},{"link_name":"\"Mortimer, John (1656?-1736)\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Mortimer,_John_(1656%3F-1736)"},{"link_name":"Dictionary of National Biography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Don_1854_3-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Don_1854_3-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Don_1854_3-2"},{"link_name":"d","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Don_1854_3-3"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Don_1854_3-4"},{"link_name":"f","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Don_1854_3-5"},{"link_name":"g","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Don_1854_3-6"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-4"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-5"},{"link_name":"The Complete Farmer: Or, a General Dictionary of Husbandry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Complete_Farmer:_Or,_a_General_Dictionary_of_Husbandry"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-6"},{"link_name":"John Claudius Loudon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Claudius_Loudon"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-JD_1854_7-0"},{"link_name":"John Donaldson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Donaldson_(agriculturalist)"},{"link_name":"John Mills, F.R.S.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=Lu1aAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA51"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-8"},{"link_name":"Samuel Austin Allibone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Austin_Allibone"}],"text":"^ \"The Mortimers of Hatfield Peverel\". Mortimer History. Retrieved 9 August 2020.\n\n^ a b c d e Lee, Sidney, ed. (1894). \"Mortimer, John (1656?-1736)\" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 39. London: Smith, Elder & Co. \n\n^ a b c d e f g John Donaldson's Agricultural Biography, (1854) p. 41; Containing an abstract of the contents of the Art of Husbandry.\n\n^ Thomson, Royal Society, App. p. xxxi\n\n^ The Complete Farmer: Or, a General Dictionary of Husbandry. 3rd ed. 1777.\n\n^ John Claudius Loudon\"(1825) An encyclopædia of agriculture,\n\n^ John Donaldson. \"John Mills, F.R.S.\". in: Agricultural Biography, 1854, p. 51\n\n^ Samuel Austin Allibone. A Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and British and American Authors, Living and Deceased, from the Earliest Accounts to the Middle of the Nineteenth Century, Vol. 2, p. 1289.","title":"Notes"}]
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[{"image_text":"Land with a farmhouse in the back in Hatfield Peverel.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Towards_Termitts_Farm_-_geograph.org.uk_-_405405.jpg/170px-Towards_Termitts_Farm_-_geograph.org.uk_-_405405.jpg"},{"image_text":"Title page of The whole Art of Husbandry, 1707","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/The_whole_Art_of_Husbandry%2C_1707.jpg/170px-The_whole_Art_of_Husbandry%2C_1707.jpg"},{"image_text":"Book 2 of The whole Art of Husbandry, p. 41.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/The_whole_Art_of_Husbandry%2C_1707_p._41.jpg/170px-The_whole_Art_of_Husbandry%2C_1707_p._41.jpg"}]
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[{"reference":"\"The Mortimers of Hatfield Peverel\". Mortimer History. Retrieved 9 August 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://mortimerhistory.com/mortimer-family-tree/devon/bow/hatfield-peverel/","url_text":"\"The Mortimers of Hatfield Peverel\""}]},{"reference":"Lee, Sidney, ed. (1894). \"Mortimer, John (1656?-1736)\" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 39. London: Smith, Elder & Co.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Lee","url_text":"Lee, Sidney"},{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Mortimer,_John_(1656%3F-1736)","url_text":"\"Mortimer, John (1656?-1736)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Dictionary of National Biography"}]},{"reference":"Lee, Sidney, ed. (1894). \"Mortimer, John (1656?-1736)\". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 39. London: Smith, Elder & Co.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Lee","url_text":"Lee, Sidney"},{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Mortimer,_John_(1656%3F-1736)","url_text":"Mortimer, John (1656?-1736)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Dictionary of National Biography"}]},{"reference":"Seccombe, Thomas; McConnell, Anita. \"Mortimer, John (1656?–1736)\". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19348.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F19348","url_text":"10.1093/ref:odnb/19348"}]}]
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