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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Sean
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Oliver Sean
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["1 Life and career","1.1 Early life","1.2 Breakthrough years (1999-2004)","1.3 Musical career (2005-2010)","1.4 So Good and All I Remember (2011-2012)","1.5 Christmas and Animal Welfare (2013-2015)","1.6 Focus on world and film music (2016-2018)","1.7 Doing That and The Real Indie Project (2019 - 2020 )","1.8 The Garage Sessions (2020 - Present Day )","2 Other ventures","3 Awards and achievements","4 Discography","5 Filmography","6 References","7 External links"]
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Singer-songwriter
Oliver SeanBornOliver Sean Alvares (1979-10-11) 11 October 1979 (age 44)Goa, IndiaOccupations
Singer-songwriter
record producer
Years active1999–presentMusical careerGenres
Acoustic Rock
Blues Rock
Rock
Alternative
Americana
Worldbeat
Skiffle
Instrument(s)
Vocals
guitar
Labels
W.O.A. Entertainment
Times Music
BMG Crescendo
Daxxar Virgin Music
Websiteoliversean.com
Oliver Sean (born Oliver Sean Alvares; 11 October 1979) is a singer-songwriter, based in Algarve, Portugal. His brand of music is known for its Americana influence with acoustic rock, world and contemporary undertones.
Born in Goa, India, Sean has lived most of his life abroad, including Dubai and the UK. His eclectic global music style is the trademark for his brand. It's attributed to his mixed Portuguese and Goan Lineage. Sean's discography with WOA International started in 1999 with his single "There She Is Again" at the age of 19, having recorded it three years earlier.
As a composer, record producer and filmmaker, Sean's productions have been broadcast on international channels including MTV and VH1 and he has had several No.1 chart listings, and major top 10 chart rankings worldwide. Some of the highlights of his recognition has been Nomination for the MTV Europe Music Awards 2012 and hitting the Billboard Top 10 charts across multiple genres, including the Billboard Blues Album Charts and World Singles Charts. Some of his breakout chart successes have been Billboard Top 10 at number 6 on the Billboard World Digital Song Sales Charts in 2019 with "Doing That (Time. Love. Happiness)" and #8 on the Billboard Top 10 Blues Album Charts with his album Devil is Back in August 2020. The singer songwriter also secured his first UK top 50 on the Official UK Album Download Charts Official Charts Company. In 2020 the artist made it into the Billboard Top 10 Artist charts and secured another Billboard Blues Album Chart hit with his 2021 lockdown album Garage Sessions, Vol.1,
He is a member of the Recording Academy and a voting member for the Grammy Awards.
Life and career
Early life
Oliver Sean grew up in Goa, India. His mother is Goan Portuguese and his father is American. He was born to a musically inclined family as all of his uncles were musicians. He started to write songs when he was 11 years old and had a band at school. At the age of 13, Sean turned into a professional and played for weddings in his uncle's band. Oliver Sean's career was launched in his teens. When he was 17, he formed his own band called Cloud 9.
Breakthrough years (1999-2004)
Sean's breakthrough is traced back to 1999 when his discography with W.O.A. Entertainment began, featuring the single "There She Is Again". His debut album was I Like It. This album was nominated for 'International Album of the Year' by AVMax in 2003/04. Also, one of the key moments was in the UK, when a studio head secured him a spot on Showcase TV that was aired on Sky/Granada TV.
Musical career (2005-2010)
In 2006, Sean was involved with writing music for the French Government for the tourism campaign of the Massif Region and official song for the Goa Floats at the India Republic Day Parade that won the top honors in 2006. In 2008, Sean came out with his second studio album called Darna Chod Do. The name of this album comes from Goan street slang.
So Good and All I Remember (2011-2012)
Sean's third studio album So Good (2011) hit the Vh1 Top 10 for his single "Movies" from the album on 4 June 2011, Featured album spot at the Virgin Megastores in Dubai, a Vh1 Specials feature in India and the MTV Europe Music Awards 2012 nomination in the MTV EMA Best India/Worldwide Act category. Sean released an Americana single titled "All I Remember" in 2012. It was released in the US simultaneously announcing his first major US Tour. The music video for "All I Remember" was a featured video on Vh1 India's music channel and went on to hit the No.1 Spot on the Artist Aloud Charts (India Today Group). Sean made his debut in film music as a music director when he composed the Soundtrack for a popular Bollywood International film Cutting Chai released in 2012.
Christmas and Animal Welfare (2013-2015)
Making a foray into holiday music Sean recorded his version of the Charles Brown hit "Please Come Home for Christmas" in 2013 followed by his Christmas EP Unplugged Christmas releasing shortly thereafter. In February 2015 Oliver Sean released a live and unplugged EP titled Bootleg Recordings Vol.1 dedicated towards animal welfare and followed that up with the Stripped Down Summer Tour across New York, Costa Rica and England.
Focus on world and film music (2016-2018)
Going deeper into world and film music in 2017, Sean composed the title track to a Goan (Konkani) feature film titled Devachem Planning. The singer's 4th studio album Devil in Blue Jeans was released on 31 August 2017.
The album was on the iTunes bestselling preorders list in the UK and two music videos/singles, New York and First Move, from the album are currently on rotation on Vh1 India/International, 9XO and RTP International. The third single from the album, "Walk Up and Kiss You", was selected by NARAS (National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences) for the 61st Grammy Awards Nomination Ballots in Best American Roots Song and Best American Roots Performance categories. The single went on to hit No. 1 on the iTunes top 100 singles chart and iTunes Rock Chart and the Devil in Blue Jeans album hit No. 2 on the iTunes Rock Album Chart and No. 14 on the iTunes Top 100 album chart.
At the Fall 2018 International Independent Film Awards Sean's single New York won Gold in the Best Music Video and Best Original Song categories.
Doing That and The Real Indie Project (2019 - 2020 )
Keeping with his world beat roots the singer songwriter released his single Doing That (Time, Love, Happiness) on 1 February 2019. The song hit No. 1 on iTunes in the US, Canada and Turkey and a No. 2 on iTunes UK. The single then went on to hit the official Billboard Charts, coming in at No. 6 on the world digital song sales charts, for the Week of 1 June 2019, with the Doing That (Time. Love. Happiness) single.
The artist was nominated for the 2020 Golden Fox Film Award, Best Music Video Category, as Director, for "Doing That (Time. Love. Happiness)".
Sean won Best Music Video and Original Song for 'Doing That (Time. Love. Happiness) at the 2021 Swedish International Film Festival
Sean joined forces with several high-profile indie musicians in 2019 to form a new musical project titled 'The Real Indie Project'. The singer songwriter and the musicians from his Real Indie Project released a new version of the Legendary William Bell single "Everyday will be like a holiday" as their first official single, in time to celebrate the holidays.
Sean's album Devil is Back feat RIP (Real Indie Project) was released on 14 Aug and hit No.1 on the iTunes Blues Album charts. The album went on to hit the Official UK Album Download Chart Official Charts Company for the week of 21–27 August 2020 breaking into the top 50's at No. 52. The album broke into the Billboard Blues Album Chart at #8 for the week of 29 August 2020.
The Garage Sessions (2020 - Present Day )
In the midst of the pandemic Sean started streaming his live performances from his home and studio, for fans around the world to watch and connect with the artist one on one. This was called Garage Sessions, which garnered interest from fans and media around the world. The success of the livestreaming led to Sean recording an album that captured the feel of his weekly Garage Sessions livestream performance. The Garage Sessions, Vol.1 Album was released on 23 July. The album hit the Billboard Blues Album charts at #14 on 3 August 2021.
Sean got his first Christmas Number 1 in the UK on the Blues Charts in 2021, with his version of Everyday Will be like a Holiday.
Blues Dance (Worldbeat), which was released during the same time as the Garage Sessions Vol. 1 album went on to hit #1 in the US and the UK simultaneously on the iTunes Easy Listening charts, at the start on 2022.
Other ventures
Sean has produced both his own and various international artists' music and music videos. He also hosts his own weekly radio show and podcast WOAFM99.
Awards and achievements
This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately.Find sources: "Oliver Sean" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
AVMax International Album of the Year Nominee 2003
MTV Super Select - I Like It, 2004
MTV Most Wanted - I Like It, 2004
B4U International TV Special - Live TV Concert, 2006
Headiner at International Film Festival of India (IFFI) - 2006
MTV Exclusive - Darna Chod Do, Music Video, 2008
Zee TV Special TV Feature - Darna Chod Do, 2008
Big Goemkar (Goan of Year) - Big FM, 2009
Vh1 Top 10 (No.10) - Movies, Music Video 2011
MTV Europe Music Awards Nominee 2012
Grammy Nomination Considerations 54th, 55th, 56th, 57th & 58th Grammy Awards. 14. Vh1 Specials Documentary - 2012
No 1 on Artist Aloud Charts - All I Remember Single 2013
Reverbnation No.1 (World Music Genre), 2014
No.1 on N1M Americana Charts (Worldwide) - Single 'All I Remember' 2015
Reverbnation No.1 across UK (Americana Genre), 2015
No.1 on N1M Soft Rock Charts (Worldwide) - Single 'Movies' 2015
No.1 on N1M Americana Charts (Worldwide) - Single 'All I Remember' 2015
Breaking Music Video on 9XO - New York Single 2016
iTunes Bestselling Pre Orders List (UK) - Devil in Blue Jeans 31 August 2017
No.1 on iTunes Top 100 Charts Turkey - 22 Nov 2018 (Song: Walk up and Kiss you)
No.1 on iTunes Top 10 Rock Singles Turkey - 24 November 2018 (Song: New York)
No.2 on Album Charts (Rock) iTunes Mexico - 29 November 2018
No.14 on Album Charts (Top 100) iTunes Mexico - 29 November 2018
Gold Award for New York in Best Music Video at International Independent Film Awards - Dec 2018
Gold Award for New York in Best Original Song at International Independent Film Awards - Dec 2018
Billboard World Singles Charts #6 for Doing That (Time. Love. Happiness) - June 2019
Billboard Blues Album Charts #8 for Devil is Back - Aug 2020
Billboard Blues Album Charts # 14 for Garage Sessions, Vol.1 - Aug 2021
Winner at Swedish International Film Festival (Doing That, Best Music Video) - Sep 2021
Christmas Day No.1 on the iTunes UK Blues Charts with Everyday Will Be Like A Holiday - Dec 2021
No. 1 on the iTunes US and iTunes UK easy listening charts with Blues Dance (Worldbeat) - Jan 2022
Discography
There She Is Again (Single – WOA Records/W.O.A International– 1999
I Like It (LP – WOA Records/W.O.A International) – 2002
I Like It (Album Re-Release – Times Music/WOA Records/W.O.A International) – 2003
Libran Mind (Film Score) – 2004
Darna Chod Do (LP – WOA Records/W.O.A International / Crescendo BMG) – 2007
Christmas Time (Single – WOA Records/W.O.A International) – 2008
Goa Chillout Zone Vol.1 (Compilation – WOA Records/W.O.A International) – 2009
So Good (Single – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2010
So Good – The Album (LP – WOA Records) – 2011
NuBreed of the Middle East (Compilation – Daxxar) – 2011
Cutting Chai (Film soundtrack – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2012
All I Remember (Single – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2012
Christmas Unplugged (LIVE EP – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2012
Please come home for Christmas (Single – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2013
The Bootleg Recordings Vol.1 (LIVE EP – WOA Records/WOA International) - 2015
Unplugged Christmas (LIVE EP – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2016
New York (Single – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2016
First Move (Single – WOA Records/WOA International – 2017
Devachem Planning (Movie Soundtrack/Title Track for Konkani Feature Film Film Score) - 2017
Decade of Hits (LP/Compilation – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2017
Devil in Blue Jeans (LP – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2017
Doing That (Time. Love. Happiness) (Single – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2019
Everyday will be like a holiday - (Single – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2019
Devil is Back - (EP - [WOA Records/WOA International) – 2020
Garage Sessions, Vol.1 - (Album - [WOA Records/WOA International) – 2021
Filmography
I Like It (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Actor / Producer – 2002
Darna Chod Do (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Actor / Executive Producer – 2007
Darna Chod Do Remix (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Actor / Executive Producer – 2007
(Saurabh), Music Video, Executive Producer- 2009
Peace Remix (Saurabh), Music Video, Executive Producer – 2009
Cutting Chai (Bollywood Film), Composer/Music Director
So Good (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Actor/Producer/Director – 2011
Movies (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Actor/producer/Director – 2011
Dichotomy (Kotadama), Music Video, Director – 2011
Love Song (Jade Steel), Music Video, Director – 2011
So Naive (Eric Dulle), Music Video, Director – 2011
Alone (Oliver Sean), Music Video, actor, producer, Director – 2012
Vh1 Specials – Oliver Sean, Documentary, Director – 2012
All I Remember (Oliver Sean), Music Video, actor, producer, Director – 2012
Diacronia (Nagmah), Music Video, Director - 2015
Necessary Evil (Laura Ainsworth), Music Video, Director - 2015
Detroit on a Roll (Lorraine Milton), Music Video, Director - 2015
New York (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Director - 2017
First Move (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Director - 2018
Doing That (Time. Love. Happiness) (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Director - 2019
Everyday will be like a holiday (Oliver Sean feat. Real Indie Project), Music Video, Director 2019
Devil is Back (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Director 2020
References
^ "Portuguese artist Oliver Sean hits the Billboard Top 10 Charts".
^ a b "Leicester based Indie Artist hits the Billboard Top 10 Charts". 6 June 2019.
^ "India Goes Indie". Gulf News. 20 May 2010.
^ "There She Is Again - Single by Oliver Sean on Amazon". Amazon.
^ "Portuguese Artist hits the Billboard Top 10 Charts". The Portugal News.
^ "Leicester Indie Artist hits top 10 on Billboard". 11 September 2020.
^ "Official UK Album Download Charts". The Official Charts Company.
^ "Billboard Charts". Billboard.
^ "Oliver Sean's Garage Sessions hits Billboard Charts". PRLog.
^ "Photo - Google+". plus.google.com. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
^ "Photo - Google+". plus.google.com. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
^ "Photo - Google+". plus.google.com. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
^ "Oliver Sean Official Website". Oliver Sean Official Website. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
^ "Photo - Google+". plus.google.com. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
^ "Oliver Sean Official Website". Oliver Sean Official Website. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
^ "Album - Google+". plus.google.com. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
^ "Oliver Sean's going great guns - Times of India". The Times of India. 3 May 2011.
^ Eye, BOB SAAR for The Hawk. "Oliver Sean at The Washington". The Hawk Eye Newspaper. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
^ "Oliver Sean Hits No 10 on the VH1 International Music Charts".
^ "So Good - The Album by Oliver Sean on Apple Music". iTunes.
^ "All I Remember". 18 September 2012 – via Amazon.
^ "Cutting Chai Dreams High (Masti 24/7) - Film Soundtrack". 4 October 2011 – via Amazon.
^ "Please Come Home for Christmas - Single by Oliver Sean on Apple Music". iTunes.
^ "The Bootleg Recordings, Vol.1 - EP by Oliver Sean on Apple Music". iTunes.
^ "Oliver Sean "Stripped Down" Tour Travels to Manuel Antonio - Costa Rica Star News". 16 May 2015.
^ "Devil in Blue Jeans by Oliver Sean on Apple Music". iTunes.
^ "Oliver Sean keeps surprising us".
^ "61st Grammy awards Lisa Panagos".
^ "Oliver Sean hits No 10 on iTunes Album Charts". ABC7 News.
^ "International Independent Film Gold Awards". International Independent Film Award.
^ "2020 Golden Fox Award Nominees".
^ "Oliver Sean's Music Video and Original Song Wins at the Swedish International Film Festival".
^ "Oliver Sean announces new single featuring the Real Indie Project".
^ "Oliver Sean hits the iTunes Charts US and UK at No.1".
^ "Official UK Album Download Charts". Official Charts.
^ "Oliver Sean Billboard". Billboard.
^ "Featured: Interview With MTV EMA Nominee And Multiple Billboard Top 10 Artist Oliver Sean". 21 January 2022.
^ "WOAFM99 Radio Show". iTunes.
^ a b "imdb". IMDb.
External links
Media related to Oliver Sean at Wikimedia Commons
Official website
Authority control databases: Artists
MusicBrainz
|
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It's attributed to his mixed Portuguese and Goan Lineage. Sean's discography with WOA International started in 1999 with his single \"There She Is Again\"[4] at the age of 19, having recorded it three years earlier.As a composer, record producer and filmmaker, Sean's productions have been broadcast on international channels including MTV and VH1 and he has had several No.1 chart listings, and major top 10 chart rankings worldwide. Some of the highlights of his recognition has been Nomination for the MTV Europe Music Awards 2012 and hitting the Billboard Top 10 charts across multiple genres, including the Billboard Blues Album Charts and World Singles Charts. Some of his breakout chart successes have been Billboard Top 10 at number 6 on the Billboard World Digital Song Sales Charts in 2019 with \"Doing That (Time. Love. Happiness)\" [5] and #8 on the Billboard Top 10 Blues Album Charts with his album Devil is Back in August 2020.[6] The singer songwriter also secured his first UK top 50 on the Official UK Album Download Charts Official Charts Company.[7] In 2020 the artist made it into the Billboard Top 10 Artist charts [8] and secured another Billboard Blues Album Chart hit with his 2021 lockdown album Garage Sessions, Vol.1,[9]He is a member of the Recording Academy and a voting member for the Grammy Awards.","title":"Oliver Sean"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Life and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"sub_title":"Early life","text":"Oliver Sean grew up in Goa, India. His mother is Goan Portuguese and his father is American.[10] He was born to a musically inclined family as all of his uncles were musicians.[11] He started to write songs when he was 11 years old and had a band at school. At the age of 13, Sean turned into a professional and played for weddings in his uncle's band.[12] Oliver Sean's career was launched in his teens.[13] When he was 17, he formed his own band called Cloud 9.[14]","title":"Life and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"sub_title":"Breakthrough years (1999-2004)","text":"Sean's breakthrough is traced back to 1999 when his discography with W.O.A. Entertainment began, featuring the single \"There She Is Again\". His debut album was I Like It. 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Sean released an Americana single titled \"All I Remember\"[21] in 2012. It was released in the US simultaneously announcing his first major US Tour. The music video for \"All I Remember\" was a featured video on Vh1 India's music channel and went on to hit the No.1 Spot on the Artist Aloud Charts (India Today Group). Sean made his debut in film music as a music director when he composed the Soundtrack for a popular Bollywood International film Cutting Chai[22] released in 2012.","title":"Life and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Charles Brown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Brown_(musician)"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"}],"sub_title":"Christmas and Animal Welfare (2013-2015)","text":"Making a foray into holiday music Sean recorded his version of the Charles Brown hit \"Please Come Home for Christmas\"[23] in 2013 followed by his Christmas EP Unplugged Christmas releasing shortly thereafter. In February 2015 Oliver Sean released a live and unplugged EP titled Bootleg Recordings Vol.1[24] dedicated towards animal welfare and followed that up with the Stripped Down Summer Tour[25] across New York, Costa Rica and England.","title":"Life and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"}],"sub_title":"Focus on world and film music (2016-2018)","text":"Going deeper into world and film music in 2017, Sean composed the title track to a Goan (Konkani) feature film titled Devachem Planning. The singer's 4th studio album Devil in Blue Jeans was released on 31 August 2017.[26]The album was on the iTunes bestselling preorders list in the UK[27] and two music videos/singles, New York and First Move, from the album are currently on rotation on Vh1 India/International, 9XO and RTP International. The third single from the album, \"Walk Up and Kiss You\", was selected by NARAS (National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences) for the 61st Grammy Awards Nomination Ballots in Best American Roots Song and Best American Roots Performance categories.[28] The single went on to hit No. 1 on the iTunes top 100 singles chart and iTunes Rock Chart[citation needed] and the Devil in Blue Jeans album hit No. 2 on the iTunes Rock Album Chart and No. 14 on the iTunes Top 100 album chart.[29]At the Fall 2018 International Independent Film Awards Sean's single New York won Gold in the Best Music Video and Best Original Song categories.[30]","title":"Life and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Area-2"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"Official Charts Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Charts_Company"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"}],"sub_title":"Doing That and The Real Indie Project (2019 - 2020 )","text":"Keeping with his world beat roots the singer songwriter released his single Doing That (Time, Love, Happiness) on 1 February 2019. The song hit No. 1 on iTunes in the US, Canada and Turkey and a No. 2 on iTunes UK. The single then went on to hit the official Billboard Charts, coming in at No. 6 on the world digital song sales charts, for the Week of 1 June 2019, with the Doing That (Time. Love. Happiness) single.[2]The artist was nominated for the 2020 Golden Fox Film Award, Best Music Video Category, as Director, for \"Doing That (Time. Love. Happiness)\".[31]Sean won Best Music Video and Original Song for 'Doing That (Time. Love. Happiness) at the 2021 Swedish International Film Festival [32]Sean joined forces with several high-profile indie musicians in 2019 to form a new musical project titled 'The Real Indie Project'. The singer songwriter and the musicians from his Real Indie Project released a new version of the Legendary William Bell single \"Everyday will be like a holiday\" as their first official single, in time to celebrate the holidays.[33]Sean's album Devil is Back feat RIP (Real Indie Project) was released on 14 Aug and hit No.1 on the iTunes Blues Album charts.[34] The album went on to hit the Official UK Album Download Chart Official Charts Company for the week of 21–27 August 2020 breaking into the top 50's at No. 52.[35] The album broke into the Billboard Blues Album Chart at #8 for the week of 29 August 2020.[36]","title":"Life and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"}],"sub_title":"The Garage Sessions (2020 - Present Day )","text":"In the midst of the pandemic Sean started streaming his live performances from his home and studio, for fans around the world to watch and connect with the artist one on one. This was called Garage Sessions, which garnered interest from fans and media around the world. The success of the livestreaming led to Sean recording an album that captured the feel of his weekly Garage Sessions livestream performance. The Garage Sessions, Vol.1 Album was released on 23 July. The album hit the Billboard Blues Album charts at #14 on 3 August 2021.[citation needed]Sean got his first Christmas Number 1 in the UK on the Blues Charts in 2021, with his version of Everyday Will be like a Holiday.[citation needed]Blues Dance (Worldbeat), which was released during the same time as the Garage Sessions Vol. 1 album went on to hit #1 in the US and the UK simultaneously on the iTunes Easy Listening charts, at the start on 2022.[37]","title":"Life and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"}],"text":"Sean has produced both his own and various international artists' music and music videos. He also hosts his own weekly radio show and podcast WOAFM99.[38]","title":"Other ventures"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"AVMax International Album of the Year Nominee 2003\nMTV Super Select - I Like It, 2004\nMTV Most Wanted - I Like It, 2004\nB4U International TV Special - Live TV Concert, 2006\nHeadiner at International Film Festival of India (IFFI) - 2006\nMTV Exclusive - Darna Chod Do, Music Video, 2008\nZee TV Special TV Feature - Darna Chod Do, 2008\nBig Goemkar (Goan of Year) - Big FM, 2009\nVh1 Top 10 (No.10) - Movies, Music Video 2011\nMTV Europe Music Awards Nominee 2012\nGrammy Nomination Considerations 54th, 55th, 56th, 57th & 58th Grammy Awards. 14. Vh1 Specials Documentary - 2012\nNo 1 on Artist Aloud Charts - All I Remember Single 2013\nReverbnation No.1 (World Music Genre), 2014\nNo.1 on N1M Americana Charts (Worldwide) - Single 'All I Remember' 2015\nReverbnation No.1 across UK (Americana Genre), 2015\nNo.1 on N1M Soft Rock Charts (Worldwide) - Single 'Movies' 2015\nNo.1 on N1M Americana Charts (Worldwide) - Single 'All I Remember' 2015\nBreaking Music Video on 9XO - New York Single 2016\niTunes Bestselling Pre Orders List (UK) - Devil in Blue Jeans 31 August 2017\nNo.1 on iTunes Top 100 Charts Turkey - 22 Nov 2018 (Song: Walk up and Kiss you)\nNo.1 on iTunes Top 10 Rock Singles Turkey - 24 November 2018 (Song: New York)\nNo.2 on Album Charts (Rock) iTunes Mexico - 29 November 2018\nNo.14 on Album Charts (Top 100) iTunes Mexico - 29 November 2018\nGold Award for New York in Best Music Video at International Independent Film Awards - Dec 2018\nGold Award for New York in Best Original Song at International Independent Film Awards - Dec 2018\nBillboard World Singles Charts #6 for Doing That (Time. Love. Happiness) - June 2019\nBillboard Blues Album Charts #8 for Devil is Back - Aug 2020\nBillboard Blues Album Charts # 14 for Garage Sessions, Vol.1 - Aug 2021\nWinner at Swedish International Film Festival (Doing That, Best Music Video) - Sep 2021\nChristmas Day No.1 on the iTunes UK Blues Charts with Everyday Will Be Like A Holiday - Dec 2021\nNo. 1 on the iTunes US and iTunes UK easy listening charts with Blues Dance (Worldbeat) - Jan 2022","title":"Awards and achievements"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"WOA Records/W.O.A International","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.O.A_Records"},{"link_name":"Times Music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_of_India"},{"link_name":"Film Score","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_Score"},{"link_name":"BMG","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann_Music_Group"},{"link_name":"WOA Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WOA_Records&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-imdb-39"},{"link_name":"Film soundtrack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_soundtrack"},{"link_name":"Film Score","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_Score"}],"text":"There She Is Again (Single – WOA Records/W.O.A International– 1999\nI Like It (LP – WOA Records/W.O.A International) – 2002\nI Like It (Album Re-Release – Times Music/WOA Records/W.O.A International) – 2003\nLibran Mind (Film Score) – 2004\nDarna Chod Do (LP – WOA Records/W.O.A International / Crescendo BMG) – 2007\nChristmas Time (Single – WOA Records/W.O.A International) – 2008\nGoa Chillout Zone Vol.1 (Compilation – WOA Records/W.O.A International) – 2009\nSo Good (Single – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2010\nSo Good – The Album (LP – WOA Records) – 2011\nNuBreed of the Middle East (Compilation – Daxxar) – 2011\nCutting Chai[39] (Film soundtrack – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2012\nAll I Remember (Single – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2012\nChristmas Unplugged (LIVE EP – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2012\nPlease come home for Christmas (Single – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2013\nThe Bootleg Recordings Vol.1 (LIVE EP – WOA Records/WOA International) - 2015\nUnplugged Christmas (LIVE EP – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2016\nNew York (Single – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2016\nFirst Move (Single – WOA Records/WOA International – 2017\nDevachem Planning (Movie Soundtrack/Title Track for Konkani Feature Film Film Score) - 2017\nDecade of Hits (LP/Compilation – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2017\nDevil in Blue Jeans (LP – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2017\nDoing That (Time. Love. Happiness) (Single – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2019\nEveryday will be like a holiday - (Single – WOA Records/WOA International) – 2019\nDevil is Back - (EP - [WOA Records/WOA International) – 2020\nGarage Sessions, Vol.1 - (Album - [WOA Records/WOA International) – 2021","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-imdb-39"}],"text":"I Like It (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Actor / Producer – 2002\nDarna Chod Do (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Actor / Executive Producer – 2007\nDarna Chod Do Remix (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Actor / Executive Producer – 2007\n(Saurabh), Music Video, Executive Producer- 2009\nPeace Remix (Saurabh), Music Video, Executive Producer – 2009\nCutting Chai (Bollywood Film), Composer/Music Director[39]\nSo Good (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Actor/Producer/Director – 2011\nMovies (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Actor/producer/Director – 2011\nDichotomy (Kotadama), Music Video, Director – 2011\nLove Song (Jade Steel), Music Video, Director – 2011\nSo Naive (Eric Dulle), Music Video, Director – 2011\nAlone (Oliver Sean), Music Video, actor, producer, Director – 2012\nVh1 Specials – Oliver Sean, Documentary, Director – 2012\nAll I Remember (Oliver Sean), Music Video, actor, producer, Director – 2012\nDiacronia (Nagmah), Music Video, Director - 2015\nNecessary Evil (Laura Ainsworth), Music Video, Director - 2015\nDetroit on a Roll (Lorraine Milton), Music Video, Director - 2015\nNew York (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Director - 2017\nFirst Move (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Director - 2018\nDoing That (Time. Love. Happiness) (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Director - 2019\nEveryday will be like a holiday (Oliver Sean feat. Real Indie Project), Music Video, Director 2019\nDevil is Back (Oliver Sean), Music Video, Director 2020","title":"Filmography"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Portuguese artist Oliver Sean hits the Billboard Top 10 Charts\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/portuguese-artist-oliver-sean-hits-the-billboard-top-10-charts/49929","url_text":"\"Portuguese artist Oliver Sean hits the Billboard Top 10 Charts\""}]},{"reference":"\"Leicester based Indie Artist hits the Billboard Top 10 Charts\". 6 June 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/news/leicester-based-indie-artist-hits-the-billboard-top-10-charts/","url_text":"\"Leicester based Indie Artist hits the Billboard Top 10 Charts\""}]},{"reference":"\"India Goes Indie\". Gulf News. 20 May 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/india-goes-indie-1.627610","url_text":"\"India Goes Indie\""}]},{"reference":"\"There She Is Again - Single by Oliver Sean on Amazon\". Amazon.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/There-She-Again-Oliver-Sean/dp/B003TLMSK2","url_text":"\"There She Is Again - Single by Oliver Sean on Amazon\""}]},{"reference":"\"Portuguese Artist hits the Billboard Top 10 Charts\". The Portugal News.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/portuguese-artist-oliver-sean-hits-the-billboard-top-10-charts/49929","url_text":"\"Portuguese Artist hits the Billboard Top 10 Charts\""}]},{"reference":"\"Leicester Indie Artist hits top 10 on Billboard\". 11 September 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/news/leicester-indie-singer-oliver-sean-hits-a-top-10-on-the-billboard-blues-album-chart/amp/","url_text":"\"Leicester Indie Artist hits top 10 on Billboard\""}]},{"reference":"\"Official UK Album Download Charts\". The Official Charts Company.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-downloads-chart/","url_text":"\"Official UK Album Download Charts\""}]},{"reference":"\"Billboard Charts\". Billboard.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.billboard.com/music/oliver-sean","url_text":"\"Billboard Charts\""}]},{"reference":"\"Oliver Sean's Garage Sessions hits Billboard Charts\". PRLog.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.prlog.org/12879837-oliver-seans-garage-sessions-album-hits-the-billboard-charts.html","url_text":"\"Oliver Sean's Garage Sessions hits Billboard Charts\""}]},{"reference":"\"Photo - Google+\". plus.google.com. Retrieved 3 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://plus.google.com/photos/photo/117327199526634426478/5778164968029562562","url_text":"\"Photo - Google+\""}]},{"reference":"\"Photo - Google+\". plus.google.com. Retrieved 3 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://plus.google.com/photos/photo/117327199526634426478/5778165760569008546","url_text":"\"Photo - Google+\""}]},{"reference":"\"Photo - Google+\". plus.google.com. Retrieved 3 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://plus.google.com/photos/photo/117327199526634426478/5778156136997953762","url_text":"\"Photo - Google+\""}]},{"reference":"\"Oliver Sean Official Website\". Oliver Sean Official Website. Retrieved 2 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.oliversean.com/bio","url_text":"\"Oliver Sean Official Website\""}]},{"reference":"\"Photo - Google+\". plus.google.com. Retrieved 3 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://plus.google.com/photos/photo/117327199526634426478/5778159147317560194","url_text":"\"Photo - Google+\""}]},{"reference":"\"Oliver Sean Official Website\". Oliver Sean Official Website. Retrieved 5 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.oliversean.com/bio","url_text":"\"Oliver Sean Official Website\""}]},{"reference":"\"Album - Google+\". plus.google.com. Retrieved 5 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://plus.google.com/photos/117327199526634426478/album/5778149832011595841/5802781213890906178","url_text":"\"Album - Google+\""}]},{"reference":"\"Oliver Sean's going great guns - Times of India\". The Times of India. 3 May 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-events/Oliver-Seans-going-great-guns/articleshow/8150382.cms","url_text":"\"Oliver Sean's going great guns - Times of India\""}]},{"reference":"Eye, BOB SAAR for The Hawk. \"Oliver Sean at The Washington\". The Hawk Eye Newspaper. Retrieved 14 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.thehawkeye.com/1519544e-ac9c-5fc6-ac60-0a75638885f5.html","url_text":"\"Oliver Sean at The Washington\""}]},{"reference":"\"Oliver Sean Hits No 10 on the VH1 International Music Charts\".","urls":[{"url":"http://top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=67639","url_text":"\"Oliver Sean Hits No 10 on the VH1 International Music Charts\""}]},{"reference":"\"So Good - The Album by Oliver Sean on Apple Music\". iTunes.","urls":[{"url":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/so-good-the-album/id879873925","url_text":"\"So Good - The Album by Oliver Sean on Apple Music\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITunes","url_text":"iTunes"}]},{"reference":"\"All I Remember\". 18 September 2012 – via Amazon.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/All-I-Remember-Oliver-Sean/dp/B009D4H7AA/ref=ntt_mus_ep_dpi_5","url_text":"\"All I Remember\""}]},{"reference":"\"Cutting Chai Dreams High (Masti 24/7) - Film Soundtrack\". 4 October 2011 – via Amazon.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/Cutting-Chai-Dreams-High-Masti/dp/B005Z5F0PA","url_text":"\"Cutting Chai Dreams High (Masti 24/7) - Film Soundtrack\""}]},{"reference":"\"Please Come Home for Christmas - Single by Oliver Sean on Apple Music\". iTunes.","urls":[{"url":"https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/please-come-home-for-christmas/id780064357","url_text":"\"Please Come Home for Christmas - Single by Oliver Sean on Apple Music\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITunes","url_text":"iTunes"}]},{"reference":"\"The Bootleg Recordings, Vol.1 - EP by Oliver Sean on Apple Music\". iTunes.","urls":[{"url":"https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/bootleg-recordings-vol.1-ep/id961986910","url_text":"\"The Bootleg Recordings, Vol.1 - EP by Oliver Sean on Apple Music\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITunes","url_text":"iTunes"}]},{"reference":"\"Oliver Sean \"Stripped Down\" Tour Travels to Manuel Antonio - Costa Rica Star News\". 16 May 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://news.co.cr/oliver-sean-stripped-down-tour-travel-manuel-antonio/38901/","url_text":"\"Oliver Sean \"Stripped Down\" Tour Travels to Manuel Antonio - Costa Rica Star News\""}]},{"reference":"\"Devil in Blue Jeans by Oliver Sean on Apple Music\". iTunes.","urls":[{"url":"https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/devil-in-blue-jeans/id1271200236","url_text":"\"Devil in Blue Jeans by Oliver Sean on Apple Music\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITunes","url_text":"iTunes"}]},{"reference":"\"Oliver Sean keeps surprising us\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.roundmagazine.net/music-section/816-devil-in-blue-jeans","url_text":"\"Oliver Sean keeps surprising us\""}]},{"reference":"\"61st Grammy awards Lisa Panagos\".","urls":[{"url":"http://lisapanagos.com/2018/10/29/61st-grammy-awards-nomination-best-pop-performance-ecstasy-alt-mix","url_text":"\"61st Grammy awards Lisa Panagos\""}]},{"reference":"\"Oliver Sean hits No 10 on iTunes Album Charts\". ABC7 News.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.abc-7.com/story/39558105/oliver-sean-hits-top-10-on-the-itunes-album-charts","url_text":"\"Oliver Sean hits No 10 on iTunes Album Charts\""}]},{"reference":"\"International Independent Film Gold Awards\". International Independent Film Award.","urls":[{"url":"http://iifilmawards.com/Gold_Award.html","url_text":"\"International Independent Film Gold Awards\""}]},{"reference":"\"2020 Golden Fox Award Nominees\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hlc-cicff.com/2020-golden-fox-award-nominees/","url_text":"\"2020 Golden Fox Award Nominees\""}]},{"reference":"\"Oliver Sean's Music Video and Original Song Wins at the Swedish International Film Festival\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.prlog.org/12886165-oliver-seans-music-video-and-original-song-wins-at-the-swedish-international-film-festival.html","url_text":"\"Oliver Sean's Music Video and Original Song Wins at the Swedish International Film Festival\""}]},{"reference":"\"Oliver Sean announces new single featuring the Real Indie Project\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.prlog.org/12803296-oliver-sean-announces-new-single-featuring-the-real-indie-project.html","url_text":"\"Oliver Sean announces new single featuring the Real Indie Project\""}]},{"reference":"\"Oliver Sean hits the iTunes Charts US and UK at No.1\".","urls":[{"url":"https://posts.google.com/share/8HfCI8X4/FmW4yW","url_text":"\"Oliver Sean hits the iTunes Charts US and UK at No.1\""}]},{"reference":"\"Official UK Album Download Charts\". 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The Album by Oliver Sean on Apple Music\""},{"Link":"https://www.amazon.com/All-I-Remember-Oliver-Sean/dp/B009D4H7AA/ref=ntt_mus_ep_dpi_5","external_links_name":"\"All I Remember\""},{"Link":"https://www.amazon.com/Cutting-Chai-Dreams-High-Masti/dp/B005Z5F0PA","external_links_name":"\"Cutting Chai Dreams High (Masti 24/7) - Film Soundtrack\""},{"Link":"https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/please-come-home-for-christmas/id780064357","external_links_name":"\"Please Come Home for Christmas - Single by Oliver Sean on Apple Music\""},{"Link":"https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/bootleg-recordings-vol.1-ep/id961986910","external_links_name":"\"The Bootleg Recordings, Vol.1 - EP by Oliver Sean on Apple Music\""},{"Link":"http://news.co.cr/oliver-sean-stripped-down-tour-travel-manuel-antonio/38901/","external_links_name":"\"Oliver Sean \"Stripped Down\" Tour Travels to Manuel Antonio - Costa Rica Star News\""},{"Link":"https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/devil-in-blue-jeans/id1271200236","external_links_name":"\"Devil in Blue Jeans by Oliver Sean on Apple Music\""},{"Link":"http://www.roundmagazine.net/music-section/816-devil-in-blue-jeans","external_links_name":"\"Oliver Sean keeps surprising us\""},{"Link":"http://lisapanagos.com/2018/10/29/61st-grammy-awards-nomination-best-pop-performance-ecstasy-alt-mix","external_links_name":"\"61st Grammy awards Lisa Panagos\""},{"Link":"http://www.abc-7.com/story/39558105/oliver-sean-hits-top-10-on-the-itunes-album-charts","external_links_name":"\"Oliver Sean hits No 10 on iTunes Album Charts\""},{"Link":"http://iifilmawards.com/Gold_Award.html","external_links_name":"\"International Independent Film Gold Awards\""},{"Link":"https://www.hlc-cicff.com/2020-golden-fox-award-nominees/","external_links_name":"\"2020 Golden Fox Award Nominees\""},{"Link":"https://www.prlog.org/12886165-oliver-seans-music-video-and-original-song-wins-at-the-swedish-international-film-festival.html","external_links_name":"\"Oliver Sean's Music Video and Original Song Wins at the Swedish International Film Festival\""},{"Link":"https://www.prlog.org/12803296-oliver-sean-announces-new-single-featuring-the-real-indie-project.html","external_links_name":"\"Oliver Sean announces new single featuring the Real Indie Project\""},{"Link":"https://posts.google.com/share/8HfCI8X4/FmW4yW","external_links_name":"\"Oliver Sean hits the iTunes Charts US and UK at No.1\""},{"Link":"https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-downloads-chart","external_links_name":"\"Official UK Album Download Charts\""},{"Link":"https://www.billboard.com/music/oliver-sean","external_links_name":"\"Oliver Sean Billboard\""},{"Link":"https://just-fame.com/Featured-interview-with-mtv-ema-nominee-and-multiple-billboard-top-10-artist-oliver-sean","external_links_name":"\"Featured: Interview With MTV EMA Nominee And Multiple Billboard Top 10 Artist Oliver Sean\""},{"Link":"https://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/woafm99-radio-show-with-oliver-sean/id669017370?mt=2","external_links_name":"\"WOAFM99 Radio Show\""},{"Link":"https://m.imdb.com/name/nm8723591/?ref_=m_ttfcd_cr1/","external_links_name":"\"imdb\""},{"Link":"http://www.oliversean.com/","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/artist/adef13c5-778b-4c88-b02f-fb45d5108da5","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrek
|
William Petrek
|
["1 References"]
|
American philosopher
William PetrekBornFebruary 26, 1928Arcadia, WisconsinDiedMay 7, 2011 (aged 83)Northfield, MinnesotaEra21st-century philosophyRegionWestern philosophySchoolContinentalInstitutionsAmerican International University in LondonMain interestsphenomenology
William (Bill) Joseph Petrek (February 26, 1928 - May 7, 2011) was an American philosopher and professor of philosophy at Hofstra University. He was the President of The American International University in London, England.
He was also a former provost of Hofstra University.
References
^ "William Petrek". northfield.org.
^ "Hofstra Names Provost". The New York Times. 17 April 1974.
This biography of an American philosopher is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hofstra University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofstra_University"},{"link_name":"The American International University in London, England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_American_International_University_in_London,_England"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"William (Bill) Joseph Petrek (February 26, 1928 - May 7, 2011) was an American philosopher and professor of philosophy at Hofstra University. He was the President of The American International University in London, England.[1]\nHe was also a former provost of Hofstra University.[2]","title":"William Petrek"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"William Petrek\". northfield.org.","urls":[{"url":"https://northfield.org/bloggity/william-petrek","url_text":"\"William Petrek\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hofstra Names Provost\". The New York Times. 17 April 1974.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/17/archives/hofstra-names-provost.html","url_text":"\"Hofstra Names Provost\""}]}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Dowle
|
Dave Dowle
|
["1 Biography","2 Discography","2.1 With Brian Auger's Oblivion Express","2.2 With Whitesnake","2.3 With Runner","2.4 With Midnight Flyer","2.5 With Mark Zed","3 References","4 External links"]
|
English drummer
This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: "Dave Dowle" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
David 'Duck' Dowle (born 20 October 1953 in London, England) is an English drummer who has played with the bands Brian Auger's Oblivion Express, Streetwalkers, Whitesnake, Runner, Midnight Flyer, Bernie Marsden.
Biography
Dave Dowle started his career when he was 13: he joined his first band, Canterbury Glass, playing alongside future Genesis guitarist Steve Hackett. According to Dowle, the band recorded a Radio One session after meeting the late John Peel DJing at a gig. Following Canterbury Glass, he worked with a variety of artists including Doris Troy and PP Arnold before forming a band called Curly who also recorded a John Peel session in November 1973. Steve Farr and Stewart Blandameer from Curly both ended up in the Q-Tips with Paul Young, with Blandameer also working with Status Quo. Dowle next worked with Brian Auger's Oblivion Express, touring the US and appearing on the Reinforcements album in 1975.
In September 1976, Dowle joined the Streetwalkers replacing Nicko McBrain, and this line-up of Dowle, Brian Johnston, Roger Chapman, Charlie Whitney, Bobby Tench and Micky Feat released a studio album, 'Vicious But Fair' in January 1977. By the end of '77, however, the band had run out of steam, and a live album, released in December 1977, proved to be their final release.
In January 1978, Dowle joined ex-Deep Purple singer David Coverdale in his new band Whitesnake. Joining David Dowle in the band was another ex-member of the Streetwalkers, keyboard player, Brian Johnston, although he would be replaced within a couple of months by Pete Solley. The rest of the band was Coverdale on vocals, Micky Moody and Bernie Marsden on guitars and Neil Murray on bass. This line-up recorded the 'Snakebite' EP, which was released in June 1978. By June 1978, another change of keyboard player was announced with Coverdale's old Purple buddy Jon Lord adding his considerable experience to the band. This line-up undertook a major UK tour in October and November 1978 and released an album Trouble in October of that year. Whitesnake then undertook a world tour, which served notice of a major new band on the scene. Another album, Lovehunter, was recorded, but in August 1979, even before the album was released, Dowle was replaced by Ian Paice, yet another ex-member of Deep Purple. Dowle's final appearance on a Whitesnake recording was on two sides of Live... in the Heart of the City released in November 1980.
After departure from Whitesnake, Dowle continued to play on sessions. "I was really a session player. With any band I was working with I'd always carry on doing sessions."
Discography
With Brian Auger's Oblivion Express
Reinforcements
With Whitesnake
Snakebite (1978)
Trouble (1978)
Lovehunter (1979)
Live At Hammersmith (1979)
With Runner
Runner (1978)
With Midnight Flyer
Midnight Flyer
Rock 'n' Roll Party
With Mark Zed
My Calculator's Right (1980)
References
^ "David Dowle". Archived from the original on 31 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
^ "~The story of Runner~". the-aleecat.com. Archived from the original on 22 October 2009.
^ "Midnight Flyer". Alexgitlin.com. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
External links
Dave Dowle discography at Discogs
vteWhitesnake
David Coverdale
Tommy Aldridge
Reb Beach
Tanya O'Callaghan
Joel Hoekstra
Michele Luppi
Dino Jelusick
Micky Moody
Bernie Marsden
Mel Galley
John Sykes
Vivian Campbell
Adrian Vandenberg
Steve Vai
Warren DeMartini
Doug Aldrich
Neil Murray
Colin Hodgkinson
Rudy Sarzo
Guy Pratt
Tony Franklin
Steve Farris
Marco Mendoza
Derek Hilland
Uriah Duffy
Michael Devin
Peter Solley
Jon Lord
Paul Mirkovich
Brett Tuggle
Timothy Drury
Dave Dowle
Ian Paice
Cozy Powell
Aynsley Dunbar
Denny Carmassi
Chris Frazier
Brian Tichy
Studio albums
Trouble
Lovehunter
Ready an' Willing
Come an' Get It
Saints & Sinners
Slide It In
Whitesnake
Slip of the Tongue
Restless Heart
Good to Be Bad
Forevermore
The Purple Album
Flesh & Blood
Live albums
Live... in the Heart of the City
Starkers in Tokyo
Live... In the Still of the Night
Live... in the Shadow of the Blues
Live at Donington 1990
Made in Japan
Compilations
Greatest Hits
The Best of Whitesnake: The Millennium Collection
The Silver Anniversary Collection
Best of Whitesnake
The Early Years
The Definitive Collection
The Rock Album
Love Songs
The Blues Album
Greatest Hits: Revisited, Remixed, Remastered
Boxsets
30th Anniversary Collection
Extended plays
Snakebite
Long Way from Home
Singles
"Ain't No Love in the Heart of the City"
"Day Tripper"
"Long Way from Home"
"Fool for Your Loving"
"Ready an' Willing"
"Ain’t No Love in the Heart of the City (Live)"
"Don't Break My Heart Again"
"Here I Go Again"
"Guilty of Love"
"Give Me More Time"
"Love Ain't No Stranger"
"Slow an' Easy”
“Slide It In”
"Still of the Night"
"Here I Go Again '87"
"Is This Love"
"Give Me All Your Love"
"Crying in the Rain '87"
"Fool For Your Loving '89"
"The Deeper the Love"
"Now You're Gone"
"Is This Love (reissue)"
"All I Want Is You"
"Lay Down Your Love"
"All for Love"
"Summer Rain"
"Can You Hear the Wind Blow"
"Stormbringer"
"Burn"
"Soldier of Fortune"
Videos albums
Starkers in Tokyo
Live... in the Still of the Night
Live at Donington 1990
Made in Japan
Greatest Hits: The Videos
David Coverdale solo albums
White Snake
Northwinds
Into the Light
Related articles
Band members
Discography
Coverdale–Page
Deep Purple
Blue Murder
Manic Eden
The Snakes
The Company of Snakes
Category
Authority control databases
VIAF
|
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According to Dowle, the band recorded a Radio One session after meeting the late John Peel DJing at a gig. Following Canterbury Glass, he worked with a variety of artists including Doris Troy and PP Arnold before forming a band called Curly who also recorded a John Peel session in November 1973. Steve Farr and Stewart Blandameer from Curly both ended up in the Q-Tips with Paul Young, with Blandameer also working with Status Quo. Dowle next worked with Brian Auger's Oblivion Express, touring the US and appearing on the Reinforcements album in 1975.In September 1976, Dowle joined the Streetwalkers replacing Nicko McBrain, and this line-up of Dowle, Brian Johnston, Roger Chapman, Charlie Whitney, Bobby Tench and Micky Feat released a studio album, 'Vicious But Fair' in January 1977. By the end of '77, however, the band had run out of steam, and a live album, released in December 1977, proved to be their final release.In January 1978, Dowle joined ex-Deep Purple singer David Coverdale in his new band Whitesnake. Joining David Dowle in the band was another ex-member of the Streetwalkers, keyboard player, Brian Johnston, although he would be replaced within a couple of months by Pete Solley. The rest of the band was Coverdale on vocals, Micky Moody and Bernie Marsden on guitars and Neil Murray on bass. This line-up recorded the 'Snakebite' EP, which was released in June 1978. By June 1978, another change of keyboard player was announced with Coverdale's old Purple buddy Jon Lord adding his considerable experience to the band. This line-up undertook a major UK tour in October and November 1978 and released an album Trouble in October of that year. Whitesnake then undertook a world tour, which served notice of a major new band on the scene. Another album, Lovehunter, was recorded, but in August 1979, even before the album was released, Dowle was replaced by Ian Paice, yet another ex-member of Deep Purple. Dowle's final appearance on a Whitesnake recording was on two sides of Live... in the Heart of the City released in November 1980.After departure from Whitesnake, Dowle continued to play on sessions. \"I was really a session player. 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|
[]
| null |
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|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smother_box
|
Facesitting
|
["1 Components","2 Furniture","3 In the United Kingdom","4 See also","5 References","6 External links"]
|
Sexual activity
Facesitting, Heinrich Lossow (1843–1897)
Facesitting, also known as queening or kinging, is a sexual practice with one partner sitting over the other's face, sometimes allowing for oral–genital or oral–anal contact. The sitting partner may face in either direction.
Components
Facesitting is common among dominant and submissive individuals, for demonstrating superiority and for sexual gratification. The full-weight body-pressure, smothering, moisture, body odors, and darkness can be perceived as powerful sexual attractions or compulsions. The person sat upon may be in bondage, sexually submissive, or simply held down by the body-weight of the other person. In some cases, the submissive will consume the dominant's bodily waste(s) (urolagnia or coprophilia) or be subjected to the dominant's flatulence (eproctophilia).
Furniture
See also: Erotic furniture
Face sitting using a Queening Stool
Sometimes special furniture is used, such as a "queening stool" or "smotherbox". A queening stool is a low seat which fits over the submissive's face and contains an opening to allow oral-genital and/or oral-anal stimulation of the domme while seated.
The position allows the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) to relax and therefore partly exposing the labia minora to intimate touch. The gluteus maximus and levator ani muscles, the major muscles of the crotch, can relax and sag allowing easy access to the vagina and anus. Additionally, the stool allows for greater comfort and allows for the activity to be done for a longer period of time.
A smotherbox (or "smothering box") is a special form of queening stool which also allows the person under the seat to be locked in place, restrained by the neck as in a set of stocks. A smotherbox has two openings. One is in a vertical side of the box for the neck of the person who has their head inside the smotherbox. The other is in the top of the box to expose their face. The inside of a smotherbox is often padded to provide support for their neck and prevent their head from moving. The padding may also muffle noises from the outside, causing a relaxation effect and heightening their other senses. Smotherboxes are usually custom made pieces of furniture that may have a special significance for their users. They are sometimes made out of precious woods, with leather used for the seat.
Different smotherbox designs
The smotherbox is placed on a stable surface. The cover (top half of the smotherbox) is open while the submissive lies down on their back and places their head in the box. When they are in position the cover is closed. The cover can have hinges or be a separate part. Locks may be used to emphasize the submissive position or the submissive's hands may be fastened above their head to the box. Smotherboxes may be more permanently mounted to tables or other stable objects, and the submissive restrained to that surface instead. A Queening Chair or Facesitting Throne is another variation that is popular, designed to emphasize the relative place of the domme and submissive. They can be elegant and more formal than the smotherbox.
In the United Kingdom
Mihály Zichy: Making love (1911)
In 1980, Monty Python recorded a humorous song, "Sit on My Face", about the pleasures of facesitting. Written by Eric Idle, the song's lyrics are sung to the melody of "Sing As We Go" by Gracie Fields. The opening gives way to multiple male voices singing "Sit on my face and tell me that you love me." The remaining lyrics contain numerous references to fellatio and cunnilingus.
The Audiovisual Media Services Regulations 2014, introduced by the British government, brought about a ban on the depiction of various sex acts in hardcore pornography on the Internet. Ostensibly, the bill sought to protect women from sex acts that were considered "violent" or "unsafe", and banned a wide variety of sex practices, including facesitting, strangulation, and fisting. This law impacted only the production of pornographic videos as opposed to acts performed privately. Protests against the law were held outside the Palace of Westminster, with protesters saying the law did not reflect the wishes of the public. In 2019, the law was overturned.
See also
BDSM
Body worship
Cunnilingus
Dominatrix
Erotic humiliation
Namio Harukawa, Japanese artist who features this extensively in his work
Maledom
Oral sex
Sex position
Teabagging
References
^ Fulbright, Yvonne (2011). The Best Oral Sex Ever - His Guide to Going down. Holbrook: Adams Media. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-4405-1080-9.
^ Murray, Thomas (1989). The Language of Sadomasochism. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 111. ISBN 0-313-26481-3.
^ Zoe Jasmine (2014). I Want to Taste You: Girl to Girl Talk. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781312383081.
^ a b Eva Christina (2011). The Book of Kink: Sex Beyond the Missionary. TarcherPerigee. ISBN 978-0399536946.
^ Cultural Encyclopedia of the Penis. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2014. p. 67. ISBN 9780759123144.
^ Published on Dec 9, 2016 (2016-12-09). "Interview with Real Couple About Facesitting (NSFW)". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2020-04-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Andrew Grice (15 December 2014). "Nick Clegg backs face-sitting protesters". The Independent.
^ Laura Smith-Spark (12 December 2014). "'Face-sitting' protest over UK porn censorship law - CNN.com". CNN.
^ "Why are people face-sitting outside Parliament?". bbc.co.uk. 12 December 2014.
^ "Face-sitting pornography protest Q&A: How, where, and seriously - why?". Telegraph.co.uk. 12 December 2014.
^ Long, Matilda (31 January 2019). "Ban on fetish porn including BDSM overturned in England in landmark ruling". Yahoo News UK.
External links
Media related to Face sitting at Wikimedia Commons
vteBDSM
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Animal roleplay
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Ageplay
Bladder desperation
Body worship
Boot worship
Chastity
Dominatrix
Facesitting
Fear play
Female submission
Feminization
Male dominance
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Medical fetishism
Rape fantasy
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SadomasochismS&M or S/M
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In fiction
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Writers
Laura Antoniou
Pauline Réage
Anne Rice
Catherine Robbe-Grillet
Leopold von Sacher-Masoch
Ariel Sands
Commentators and theorists
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Category
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lossow4.jpg"},{"link_name":"Heinrich Lossow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Lossow"},{"link_name":"sexual practice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_practice"},{"link_name":"sitting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitting"},{"link_name":"oral–genital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_sex"},{"link_name":"oral–anal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anilingus"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Facesitting, Heinrich Lossow (1843–1897)Facesitting, also known as queening or kinging, is a sexual practice with one partner sitting over the other's face, sometimes allowing for oral–genital or oral–anal contact.[1][2] The sitting partner may face in either direction.[3]","title":"Facesitting"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"dominant and submissive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominance_and_submission"},{"link_name":"sexual gratification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_gratification"},{"link_name":"smothering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erotic_asphyxiation"},{"link_name":"moisture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moisture"},{"link_name":"body odors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_odor"},{"link_name":"darkness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkness"},{"link_name":"sexual attractions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_attractions"},{"link_name":"bondage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bondage_(BDSM)"},{"link_name":"submissive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submissive"},{"link_name":"urolagnia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urolagnia"},{"link_name":"coprophilia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprophilia"}],"text":"Facesitting is common among dominant and submissive individuals, for demonstrating superiority and for sexual gratification. The full-weight body-pressure, smothering, moisture, body odors, and darkness can be perceived as powerful sexual attractions or compulsions. The person sat upon may be in bondage, sexually submissive, or simply held down by the body-weight of the other person. In some cases, the submissive will consume the dominant's bodily waste(s) (urolagnia or coprophilia) or be subjected to the dominant's flatulence (eproctophilia).","title":"Components"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Erotic furniture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erotic_furniture"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Queening-Stool.jpg"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kink-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"submissive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submissive_(BDSM)"},{"link_name":"domme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominatrix"},{"link_name":"pelvic floor muscles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_floor_muscles"},{"link_name":"labia minora","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labia_minora"},{"link_name":"gluteus maximus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluteus_maximus"},{"link_name":"levator ani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levator_ani"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"neck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neck"},{"link_name":"stocks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stocks"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kink-4"},{"link_name":"neck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neck"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Smotherbox_rendition.jpg"},{"link_name":"hinges","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinge"}],"text":"See also: Erotic furnitureFace sitting using a Queening StoolSometimes special furniture is used, such as a \"queening stool\" or \"smotherbox\".[4][5] A queening stool is a low seat which fits over the submissive's face and contains an opening to allow oral-genital and/or oral-anal stimulation of the domme while seated.The position allows the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) to relax and therefore partly exposing the labia minora to intimate touch. The gluteus maximus and levator ani muscles, the major muscles of the crotch, can relax and sag allowing easy access to the vagina and anus. Additionally, the stool allows for greater comfort and allows for the activity to be done for a longer period of time.[6]A smotherbox (or \"smothering box\") is a special form of queening stool which also allows the person under the seat to be locked in place, restrained by the neck as in a set of stocks.[4] A smotherbox has two openings. One is in a vertical side of the box for the neck of the person who has their head inside the smotherbox. The other is in the top of the box to expose their face. The inside of a smotherbox is often padded to provide support for their neck and prevent their head from moving. The padding may also muffle noises from the outside, causing a relaxation effect and heightening their other senses. Smotherboxes are usually custom made pieces of furniture that may have a special significance for their users. They are sometimes made out of precious woods, with leather used for the seat.Different smotherbox designsThe smotherbox is placed on a stable surface. The cover (top half of the smotherbox) is open while the submissive lies down on their back and places their head in the box. When they are in position the cover is closed. The cover can have hinges or be a separate part. Locks may be used to emphasize the submissive position or the submissive's hands may be fastened above their head to the box. Smotherboxes may be more permanently mounted to tables or other stable objects, and the submissive restrained to that surface instead. A Queening Chair or Facesitting Throne is another variation that is popular, designed to emphasize the relative place of the domme and submissive. They can be elegant and more formal than the smotherbox.","title":"Furniture"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_von_Zichy-Liebe,1911-3.jpg"},{"link_name":"Mihály Zichy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_Zichy"},{"link_name":"Monty Python","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python"},{"link_name":"Sit on My Face","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit_on_My_Face"},{"link_name":"Eric Idle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Idle"},{"link_name":"melody","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melody"},{"link_name":"Sing As We Go","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sing_As_We_Go"},{"link_name":"Gracie Fields","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracie_Fields"},{"link_name":"fellatio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellatio"},{"link_name":"cunnilingus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunnilingus"},{"link_name":"Audiovisual Media Services Regulations 2014","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovisual_Media_Services_Regulations_2014"},{"link_name":"hardcore pornography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_pornography"},{"link_name":"fisting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisting"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Palace of Westminster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"text":"Mihály Zichy: Making love (1911)In 1980, Monty Python recorded a humorous song, \"Sit on My Face\", about the pleasures of facesitting. Written by Eric Idle, the song's lyrics are sung to the melody of \"Sing As We Go\" by Gracie Fields. The opening gives way to multiple male voices singing \"Sit on my face and tell me that you love me.\" The remaining lyrics contain numerous references to fellatio and cunnilingus.The Audiovisual Media Services Regulations 2014, introduced by the British government, brought about a ban on the depiction of various sex acts in hardcore pornography on the Internet. Ostensibly, the bill sought to protect women from sex acts that were considered \"violent\" or \"unsafe\", and banned a wide variety of sex practices, including facesitting, strangulation, and fisting.[7][8] This law impacted only the production of pornographic videos as opposed to acts performed privately. Protests against the law were held outside the Palace of Westminster, with protesters saying the law did not reflect the wishes of the public.[9][10] In 2019, the law was overturned.[11]","title":"In the United Kingdom"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Facesitting, Heinrich Lossow (1843–1897)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lossow4.jpg/180px-Lossow4.jpg"},{"image_text":"Face sitting using a Queening Stool","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Queening-Stool.jpg/220px-Queening-Stool.jpg"},{"image_text":"Different smotherbox designs","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Smotherbox_rendition.jpg/130px-Smotherbox_rendition.jpg"},{"image_text":"Mihály Zichy: Making love (1911)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Michael_von_Zichy-Liebe%2C1911-3.jpg/220px-Michael_von_Zichy-Liebe%2C1911-3.jpg"}]
|
[{"title":"BDSM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDSM"},{"title":"Body worship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_worship"},{"title":"Cunnilingus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunnilingus"},{"title":"Dominatrix","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominatrix"},{"title":"Erotic humiliation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erotic_humiliation"},{"title":"Namio Harukawa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namio_Harukawa"},{"title":"Maledom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_dominance_(BDSM)"},{"title":"Oral sex","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_sex"},{"title":"Sex position","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_position"},{"title":"Teabagging","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teabagging"}]
|
[{"reference":"Fulbright, Yvonne (2011). The Best Oral Sex Ever - His Guide to Going down. Holbrook: Adams Media. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-4405-1080-9.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvonne_K._Fulbright","url_text":"Fulbright, Yvonne"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster","url_text":"Adams Media"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4405-1080-9","url_text":"978-1-4405-1080-9"}]},{"reference":"Murray, Thomas (1989). The Language of Sadomasochism. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 111. ISBN 0-313-26481-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwood_Press","url_text":"Greenwood Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-26481-3","url_text":"0-313-26481-3"}]},{"reference":"Zoe Jasmine (2014). I Want to Taste You: Girl to Girl Talk. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781312383081.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781312383081","url_text":"9781312383081"}]},{"reference":"Eva Christina (2011). The Book of Kink: Sex Beyond the Missionary. TarcherPerigee. ISBN 978-0399536946.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TarcherPerigee","url_text":"TarcherPerigee"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0399536946","url_text":"978-0399536946"}]},{"reference":"Cultural Encyclopedia of the Penis. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2014. p. 67. ISBN 9780759123144.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield","url_text":"Rowman & Littlefield Publishers"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780759123144","url_text":"9780759123144"}]},{"reference":"Published on Dec 9, 2016 (2016-12-09). \"Interview with Real Couple About Facesitting (NSFW)\". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2020-04-19.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmv7lhiPpDo","url_text":"\"Interview with Real Couple About Facesitting (NSFW)\""},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/lmv7lhiPpDo","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Andrew Grice (15 December 2014). \"Nick Clegg backs face-sitting protesters\". The Independent.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/nick-clegg-backs-face-sitting-protesters-over-uk-porn-ban-9925991.html","url_text":"\"Nick Clegg backs face-sitting protesters\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent","url_text":"The Independent"}]},{"reference":"Laura Smith-Spark (12 December 2014). \"'Face-sitting' protest over UK porn censorship law - CNN.com\". CNN.","urls":[{"url":"http://edition.cnn.com/2014/12/12/world/europe/uk-porn-protest/","url_text":"\"'Face-sitting' protest over UK porn censorship law - CNN.com\""}]},{"reference":"\"Why are people face-sitting outside Parliament?\". bbc.co.uk. 12 December 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/30454773/why-are-people-face-sitting-outside-parliament","url_text":"\"Why are people face-sitting outside Parliament?\""}]},{"reference":"\"Face-sitting pornography protest Q&A: How, where, and seriously - why?\". Telegraph.co.uk. 12 December 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-politics/11289019/Face-sitting-pornography-protest-QandA-How-where-and-seriously-why.html","url_text":"\"Face-sitting pornography protest Q&A: How, where, and seriously - why?\""}]},{"reference":"Long, Matilda (31 January 2019). \"Ban on fetish porn including BDSM overturned in England in landmark ruling\". Yahoo News UK.","urls":[{"url":"https://uk.news.yahoo.com/violent-porn-including-bdsm-no-longer-illegal-uk-long-performers-consenting-155930303.html","url_text":"\"Ban on fetish porn including BDSM overturned in England in landmark ruling\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmv7lhiPpDo","external_links_name":"\"Interview with Real Couple About Facesitting (NSFW)\""},{"Link":"https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/lmv7lhiPpDo","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/nick-clegg-backs-face-sitting-protesters-over-uk-porn-ban-9925991.html","external_links_name":"\"Nick Clegg backs face-sitting protesters\""},{"Link":"http://edition.cnn.com/2014/12/12/world/europe/uk-porn-protest/","external_links_name":"\"'Face-sitting' protest over UK porn censorship law - CNN.com\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/30454773/why-are-people-face-sitting-outside-parliament","external_links_name":"\"Why are people face-sitting outside Parliament?\""},{"Link":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-politics/11289019/Face-sitting-pornography-protest-QandA-How-where-and-seriously-why.html","external_links_name":"\"Face-sitting pornography protest Q&A: How, where, and seriously - why?\""},{"Link":"https://uk.news.yahoo.com/violent-porn-including-bdsm-no-longer-illegal-uk-long-performers-consenting-155930303.html","external_links_name":"\"Ban on fetish porn including BDSM overturned in England in landmark ruling\""}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matunga_Road
|
Matunga Road railway station
|
["1 Events","2 Incidents","3 Gallery","4 Notes and references"]
|
Station of the Mumbai Suburban Railway
Not to be confused with Matunga railway station.
Matunga RoadMumbai Suburban Railway stationGeneral informationCoordinates19°1′41″N 72°50′49″E / 19.02806°N 72.84694°E / 19.02806; 72.84694Owned byMinistry of Railways, Indian RailwaysLine(s)Western LinePlatforms2Tracks5ConstructionStructure typeStandard on-ground stationOther informationStatusActiveStation codeMRUFare zoneWestern RailwaysHistoryOpened1900 ElectrifiedYesServices
Preceding station
Mumbai Suburban Railway
Following station
Dadartowards Churchgate
Western line
Mahimtowards Dahanu Road
Route map
Legend
Ahmedabad–Mumbai main line
Dahanu Road
Vangaon
Boisar
Umroli
Palghar
Kelve Road
Saphale
Vaitarna River
Vaitarna
Virar
Nallasopara
Vasai Road
Central line and Vasai Road - Roha line
Naigaon
Vasai Creek
Bhayandar
Mira Road
Dahisar
Dahisar River
Borivali
Kandivli
Malad
planned extension to Borivali
Goregaon
Ram Mandir
Jogeshwari
Andheri Line 1
Vile Parle Sahar Airport
Santacruz Sahar Airport
Khar Road
Bandra
Mithi River
Mahim
Harbour line
Matunga Road
Central line
Dadar plannedMonorail
Prabhadevi
Parel
Central line
Lower Parel
Mahalaxmi Line 3
Mumbai Central Line 3
Grant Road Line 3
Charni Road
Marine Lines
Churchgate Line 3
LocationMatunga RoadLocation within Mumbai
Matunga Road ( station code:MRU) is the name of a railway station on the Western Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. It offers access to Matunga and Shivaji Park areas of Mumbai. It should not be confused with the nearby Matunga railway station, which is on the Central Line just to the east. Matunga Road is one of the smallest railway halt in Mumbai in terms of number of passengers and number of platforms. The Ruparel College is the nearest college to this station. Fast local trains between Churchgate and Virar do not stop at Matunga Road station. It has been documented as the first suburban station on Western Railway to be run by all-women staff.
Events
Western Railway on International Women's Day 2018, stepped in to make one of its railway station Matunga Road to be run by all women staff. Western Railway posted a total of 31 women staffers as frontline staff, comprising Commercial, Operating and Security departments. It includes 13 Commercial clerks and 3 Ticket checking staff to undertake commercial activities, whereas 11 Operating staff (Station Master and Points person) and 4 Railway Protection Force personnel. These handle overall operations of Matunga Road station round the clock as of 2018. In addition to this, Western Railway also collaborated with Rotary Club of Bombay Queen for beautification of Matunga Road station in 2018. The theme-based painting work depicting the diversified role and emergence of women in the Society has been planned across the Booking offices, Station Superintendent office and Foot over Bridges. With this, Matunga Road became the first such station on the Western Railway and the second suburban railway station in Mumbai to be operated only by women.
Incidents
At 1.40pm on 29 October 1993 a "crude bomb with lots of nails" exploded under the seat of a second-class compartment in a train at Matunga Road station. 2 people died and 40 were injured.
11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings in Matunga railway station
Matunga Road was one of the stations affected by 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings. Just before 18.15, a bomb exploded in the first-class general compartment of the 17.57 Churchgate-Virar fast train as the train was passing Matunga Road station on the fast line. There was no damage to the station. A memorial plaque stands at the north end of the station today.
Gallery
Matunga Road railway station - Overview showing Lines 2,3,4 & 5
Matunga Road platformboard
Notes and references
^ Rahul Mehrotra, Sharada Dwivedi (2000). Anchoring A City Line. Eminence Designs Pvt. Ltd. p. 160. ISBN 81-900602-4-4.
^ "Western Railway will celebrate 'Women Power' on International Women's Day". PIB, India. PIB, India. 8 March 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^ "Western Railway will celebrate 'Women Power' on International Women's Day". Press Information Bureau, India. PIB, India. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
^ "Bombay nail bomb injures 42". Toronto Star. 29 October 1993. p. A.1.
^ "Blast at Matunga Road station was heard at Shivaji Park". The Times of India. 12 July 2006.
vteStations on the Western line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway
Churchgate
Marine Lines
Charni Road
Grant Road
Mumbai Central
Mahalaxmi
Lower Parel
Prabhadevi
Dadar
Matunga Road
Mahim Junction
Bandra
Khar Road
Santacruz
Vile Parle
Andheri
Jogeshwari
Ram Mandir
Goregaon
Malad
Kandivli
Borivali
Dahisar
Mira Road
Bhayandar
Naigaon
Vasai Road
Nallasopara
Virar
Vaitarna
Saphale
Kelve Road
Palghar
Umroli
Boisar
Vangaon
Dahanu Road
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Matunga railway station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matunga_railway_station"},{"link_name":"[maːʈuŋɡaː]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi"},{"link_name":"Mumbai Suburban Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_Railway"},{"link_name":"Matunga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matunga"},{"link_name":"Shivaji Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shivaji_Park"},{"link_name":"Mumbai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai"},{"link_name":"Matunga railway station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matunga_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Mumbai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai"},{"link_name":"Ruparel College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruparel_College"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Press_Information_Bureau-2"}],"text":"Not to be confused with Matunga railway station.Matunga Road ([maːʈuŋɡaː] station code:MRU) is the name of a railway station on the Western Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. It offers access to Matunga and Shivaji Park areas of Mumbai. It should not be confused with the nearby Matunga railway station, which is on the Central Line just to the east. Matunga Road is one of the smallest railway halt in Mumbai in terms of number of passengers and number of platforms. The Ruparel College is the nearest college to this station. Fast local trains between Churchgate and Virar do not stop at Matunga Road station. It has been documented as the first suburban station on Western Railway to be run by all-women staff.[2]","title":"Matunga Road railway station"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Western Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Railway_(India)"},{"link_name":"International Women's Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day"},{"link_name":"Railway Protection Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_Protection_Force"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PIB,_India-3"}],"text":"Western Railway on International Women's Day 2018, stepped in to make one of its railway station Matunga Road to be run by all women staff. Western Railway posted a total of 31 women staffers as frontline staff, comprising Commercial, Operating and Security departments. It includes 13 Commercial clerks and 3 Ticket checking staff to undertake commercial activities, whereas 11 Operating staff (Station Master and Points person) and 4 Railway Protection Force personnel. These handle overall operations of Matunga Road station round the clock as of 2018. In addition to this, Western Railway also collaborated with Rotary Club of Bombay Queen for beautification of Matunga Road station in 2018. The theme-based painting work depicting the diversified role and emergence of women in the Society has been planned across the Booking offices, Station Superintendent office and Foot over Bridges. With this, Matunga Road became the first such station on the Western Railway and the second suburban railway station in Mumbai to be operated only by women.[3]","title":"Events"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Matunga_train_bomb_blast.jpg"},{"link_name":"11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11_July_2006_Mumbai_train_bombings"},{"link_name":"11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11_July_2006_Mumbai_train_bombings"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"At 1.40pm on 29 October 1993 a \"crude bomb with lots of nails\" exploded under the seat of a second-class compartment in a train at Matunga Road station.[4] 2 people died and 40 were injured.11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings in Matunga railway stationMatunga Road was one of the stations affected by 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings. Just before 18.15, a bomb exploded in the first-class general compartment of the 17.57 Churchgate-Virar fast train as the train was passing Matunga Road station on the fast line.[5] There was no damage to the station. A memorial plaque stands at the north end of the station today.","title":"Incidents"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Matunga_Road_railway_station_-_Overview.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Matunga_Road.jpg"}],"text":"Matunga Road railway station - Overview showing Lines 2,3,4 & 5\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tMatunga Road platformboard","title":"Gallery"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"81-900602-4-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-900602-4-4"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Press_Information_Bureau_2-0"},{"link_name":"\"Western Railway will celebrate 'Women Power' on International Women's Day\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//pib.nic.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1523167"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-PIB,_India_3-0"},{"link_name":"\"Western Railway will celebrate 'Women Power' on International Women's Day\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//pib.nic.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1523167"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-4"},{"link_name":"\"Bombay nail bomb injures 42\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/519012581.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+29%2C+1993&author=(Reuter)&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Bombay+nail+bomb+injures+42&pqatl=google"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-5"},{"link_name":"\"Blast at Matunga Road station was heard at Shivaji Park\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/Blast-at-Matunga-Road-station-was-heard-at-Shivaji-Park/articleshow/1746827.cms"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mumbai_%E2%80%93_Suburban_Railway,_Western"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Mumbai_%E2%80%93_Suburban_Railway,_Western"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mumbai_%E2%80%93_Suburban_Railway,_Western"},{"link_name":"Western line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_line_(Mumbai_Suburban_Railway)"},{"link_name":"Mumbai Suburban Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_Railway"},{"link_name":"Churchgate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchgate_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Marine Lines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Lines_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Charni Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charni_Road_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Grant Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grant_Road_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Mumbai Central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai_Central_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Mahalaxmi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahalaxmi_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Lower Parel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Parel_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Prabhadevi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabhadevi_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Dadar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadar_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Matunga Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Mahim Junction","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahim_Junction_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Bandra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandra_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Khar Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khar_Road_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Santacruz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santacruz_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Vile Parle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vile_Parle_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Andheri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andheri_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Jogeshwari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogeshwari_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Ram Mandir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Mandir_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Goregaon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goregaon_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Malad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malad_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Kandivli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandivli_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Borivali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borivali_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Dahisar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahisar_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Mira Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mira_Road_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Bhayandar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhayandar_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Naigaon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naigaon_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Vasai Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasai_Road_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Nallasopara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nallasopara_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Virar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virar_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Vaitarna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaitarna_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Saphale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saphale_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Kelve Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelve_Road_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Palghar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palghar_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Umroli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umroli_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Boisar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boisar_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Vangaon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangaon_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Dahanu Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahanu_Road_railway_station"}],"text":"^ Rahul Mehrotra, Sharada Dwivedi (2000). Anchoring A City Line. Eminence Designs Pvt. Ltd. p. 160. ISBN 81-900602-4-4.\n\n^ \"Western Railway will celebrate 'Women Power' on International Women's Day\". PIB, India. PIB, India. 8 March 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.\n\n^ \"Western Railway will celebrate 'Women Power' on International Women's Day\". Press Information Bureau, India. PIB, India. Retrieved 3 April 2018.\n\n^ \"Bombay nail bomb injures 42\". Toronto Star. 29 October 1993. p. A.1.\n\n^ \"Blast at Matunga Road station was heard at Shivaji Park\". The Times of India. 12 July 2006.vteStations on the Western line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway\nChurchgate\nMarine Lines\nCharni Road\nGrant Road\nMumbai Central\nMahalaxmi\nLower Parel\nPrabhadevi\nDadar\nMatunga Road\nMahim Junction\nBandra\nKhar Road\nSantacruz\nVile Parle\nAndheri\nJogeshwari\nRam Mandir\nGoregaon\nMalad\nKandivli\nBorivali\nDahisar\nMira Road\nBhayandar\nNaigaon\nVasai Road\nNallasopara\nVirar\nVaitarna\nSaphale\nKelve Road\nPalghar\nUmroli\nBoisar\nVangaon\nDahanu Road","title":"Notes and references"}]
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[{"reference":"Rahul Mehrotra, Sharada Dwivedi (2000). Anchoring A City Line. Eminence Designs Pvt. Ltd. p. 160. ISBN 81-900602-4-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-900602-4-4","url_text":"81-900602-4-4"}]},{"reference":"\"Western Railway will celebrate 'Women Power' on International Women's Day\". PIB, India. PIB, India. 8 March 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://pib.nic.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1523167","url_text":"\"Western Railway will celebrate 'Women Power' on International Women's Day\""}]},{"reference":"\"Western Railway will celebrate 'Women Power' on International Women's Day\". Press Information Bureau, India. PIB, India. Retrieved 3 April 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://pib.nic.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1523167","url_text":"\"Western Railway will celebrate 'Women Power' on International Women's Day\""}]},{"reference":"\"Bombay nail bomb injures 42\". Toronto Star. 29 October 1993. p. A.1.","urls":[{"url":"https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/519012581.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+29%2C+1993&author=(Reuter)&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Bombay+nail+bomb+injures+42&pqatl=google","url_text":"\"Bombay nail bomb injures 42\""}]},{"reference":"\"Blast at Matunga Road station was heard at Shivaji Park\". The Times of India. 12 July 2006.","urls":[{"url":"http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/Blast-at-Matunga-Road-station-was-heard-at-Shivaji-Park/articleshow/1746827.cms","url_text":"\"Blast at Matunga Road station was heard at Shivaji Park\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_chromatin
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Euchromatin
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["1 Structure","2 Appearance","3 Function","3.1 Transcription","3.2 Epigenetics","4 Regulation","5 See also","6 References","7 Further reading"]
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Lightly packed form of chromatin that is enriched in genes
Distinction between Euchromatin and Heterochromatin
Euchromatin (also called "open chromatin") is a lightly packed form of chromatin (DNA, RNA, and protein) that is enriched in genes, and is often (but not always) under active transcription. Euchromatin stands in contrast to heterochromatin, which is tightly packed and less accessible for transcription. 92% of the human genome is euchromatic.
In eukaryotes, euchromatin comprises the most active portion of the genome within the cell nucleus. In prokaryotes, euchromatin is the only form of chromatin present; this indicates that the heterochromatin structure evolved later along with the nucleus, possibly as a mechanism to handle increasing genome size.
Structure
Euchromatin is composed of repeating subunits known as nucleosomes, reminiscent of an unfolded set of beads on a string, that are approximately 11 nm in diameter. At the core of these nucleosomes are a set of four histone protein pairs: H3, H4, H2A, and H2B. Each core histone protein possesses a 'tail' structure, which can vary in several ways; it is thought that these variations act as "master control switches" through different methylation and acetylation states, which determine the overall arrangement of the chromatin. Approximately 147 base pairs of DNA are wound around the histone octamers, or a little less than 2 turns of the helix. Nucleosomes along the strand are linked together via the histone, H1, and a short space of open linker DNA, ranging from around 0-80 base pairs. The key distinction between the structure of euchromatin and heterochromatin is that the nucleosomes in euchromatin are much more widely spaced, which allows for easier access of different protein complexes to the DNA strand and thus increased gene transcription.
Appearance
Microscopy of heterochromatic versus euchromatic nuclei (H&E stain).
Euchromatin resembles a set of beads on a string at large magnifications. From farther away, it can resemble a ball of tangled thread, such as in some electron microscope visualizations. In both optical and electron microscopic visualizations, euchromatin appears lighter in color than heterochromatin - which is also present in the nucleus and appears darkly - due to its less compact structure. When visualizing chromosomes, such as in a karyogram, cytogenetic banding is used to stain the chromosomes. Cytogenetic banding allows us to see which parts of the chromosome are made up of euchromatin or heterochromatin in order to differentiate chromosomal subsections, irregularities or rearrangements. One such example is G banding, otherwise known as Giemsa staining where euchromatin appears lighter than heterochromatin.
Appearance of Heterochromatin and Euchromatin Under Various Visualization Techniques
Giemsa (G-) Banding
Reverse (R-) Banding
Constitutive Heterochromatin (C-) banding
Quinacrine (Q-) banding
Telomeric R (T-) banding
Euchromatin
Lighter
Darker
Lighter
Dull
Light
Heterochromatin
Darker
Lighter
Darker
Bright (Fluorescent)
Darker (Faint)
Function
Schematic karyogram of a human, showing an overview of the human genome using G banding, which is a method that includes Giemsa staining, wherein the lighter staining regions are generally more euchromatic, whereas darker regions generally are more heterochromatic.Further information: Karyotype
Transcription
Euchromatin participates in the active transcription of DNA to mRNA products. The unfolded structure allows gene regulatory proteins and RNA polymerase complexes to bind to the DNA sequence, which can then initiate the transcription process. While not all euchromatin is necessarily transcribed, as the euchromatin is divided into transcriptionally active and inactive domains, euchromatin is still generally associated with active gene transcription. There is therefore a direct link to how actively productive a cell is and the amount of euchromatin that can be found in its nucleus.
It is thought that the cell uses transformation from euchromatin into heterochromatin as a method of controlling gene expression and replication, since such processes behave differently on densely compacted chromatin. This is known as the 'accessibility hypothesis'. One example of constitutive euchromatin that is 'always turned on' is housekeeping genes, which code for the proteins needed for basic functions of cell survival.
Epigenetics
Epigenetics involves changes in the phenotype that can be inherited without changing the DNA sequence. This can occur through many types of environmental interactions. Regarding euchromatin, post-translational modifications of the histones can alter the structure of chromatin, resulting in altered gene expression without changing the DNA. Additionally, a loss of heterochromatin and increase in euchromatin has been shown to correlate with an accelerated aging process, especially in diseases known to resemble premature aging. Research has shown epigenetic markers on histones for a number of additional diseases.
Regulation
Euchromatin is primarily regulated by post-translational modifications to its nucleosomes' histones, conducted by many histone-modifying enzymes. These modifications occur on the histones' N-terminal tails that protrude from the nucleosome structure, and are thought of to recruit enzymes to either keep the chromatin in its open form, as euchromatin, or in its closed form, as heterochromatin. Histone acetylation, for instance, is typically associated with euchromatin structure, whereas histone methylation promotes heterochromatin remodeling. Acetylation makes the histone group more negatively charged, which in turn disrupts its interactions with the DNA strand, essentially "opening" the strand for easier access. Acetylation can occur on multiple lysine residues of a histone's N-terminal tail and in different histones of the same nucleosome, which is thought to further increase DNA accessibility for transcription factors.
Phosphorylation of histones is another method by which euchromatin is regulated. This tends to occur on the N-terminal tails of the histones, however some sites are present in the core. Phosphorylation is controlled by kinases and phosphatases, which add and remove the phosphate groups respectively. This can occur at serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues present in euchromatin. Since the phosphate groups added to the structure will incorporate a negative charge, it will promote the more relaxed "open" form, similar to acetylation. In regards to functionality, histone phosphorylation is involved with gene expression, DNA damage repair, and chromatin remodeling.
Another method of regulation that incorporates a negative charge, thereby favoring the "open" form, is ADP ribosylation. This process adds one or more ADP-ribose units to the histone, and is involved in the DNA damage response pathway.
See also
Histone Modifying Enzymes
Constitutive Heterochromatin
References
^ International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (October 2004). "Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome". Nature. 431 (7011): 931–945. Bibcode:2004Natur.431..931H. doi:10.1038/nature03001. PMID 15496913. S2CID 186242248.
^ a b c d e f g Babu A, Verma RS (January 1987). Bourne GH, Jeon KW, Friedlander M (eds.). "Chromosome structure: euchromatin and heterochromatin". International Review of Cytology. 108. Academic Press: 1–60. doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61435-7. ISBN 978-0-12-364508-1. PMID 2822591.
^ "Definition: nucleosome/nucleosomes". Scitable Nature Education. Retrieved 2021-10-06.
^ Mobley AS (January 2019). "Chapter 4 - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells". In Mobley AS (ed.). Neural Stem Cells and Adult Neurogenesis. Academic Press. pp. 67–94. ISBN 978-0-12-811014-0.
^ a b "The cell. 4. Nucleus. Chromatin. Atlas of plant and animal histology". mmegias.webs.uvigo.es. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
^ Enukashvily NI (January 2013). "Chapter Two - Mammalian Satellite DNA: A Speaking Dumb". In Donev R, Ponomartsev NV (eds.). Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology. Organisation of Chromosomes. Vol. 90. Academic Press. pp. 31–65. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-410523-2.00002-X. ISBN 978-0-12-410523-2. PMID 23582201.
^ Shen CH (January 2019). "Chapter 13 - Molecular Diagnosis of Chromosomal Disorders". In Shen CH (ed.). Diagnostic Molecular Biology. Academic Press. pp. 331–358. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-802823-0.00013-4. ISBN 978-0-12-802823-0. S2CID 131915096.
^ a b "Giemsa banding". Biology Articles, Tutorials & Dictionary Online. 2019-10-07. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
^ "Reverse banding - Definition and Examples - Biology Online Dictionary". Biology Articles, Tutorials & Dictionary Online. 2020-09-18. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
^ "Constitutive heterochromatin banding". Biology Articles, Tutorials & Dictionary Online. 2019-10-07. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
^ "Quinacrine banding". Biology Articles, Tutorials & Dictionary Online. 2019-10-07. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
^ "T-banding". Biology Articles, Tutorials & Dictionary Online. 2019-10-07. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
^ Verschure PJ, van Der Kraan I, Manders EM, van Driel R (October 1999). "Spatial relationship between transcription sites and chromosome territories". The Journal of Cell Biology. 147 (1): 13–24. doi:10.1083/jcb.147.1.13. PMC 2164981. PMID 10508851.
^ Muegge K (2003-04-01). "Modifications of histone cores and tails in V(D)J recombination". Genome Biology. 4 (4): 211. doi:10.1186/gb-2003-4-4-211. PMC 154571. PMID 12702201.
^ Eisenberg E, Levanon EY (October 2013). "Human housekeeping genes, revisited". Trends in Genetics. 29 (10): 569–574. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2013.05.010. PMID 23810203.
^ Arney KL, Fisher AG (September 2004). "Epigenetic aspects of differentiation". Journal of Cell Science. 117 (Pt 19): 4355–4363. doi:10.1242/jcs.01390. PMID 15331660. S2CID 24376600.
^ Singh NP, Madabhushi SR, Srivastava S, Senthilkumar R, Neeraja C, Khosla S, Mishra RK (May 2011). "Epigenetic profile of the euchromatic region of human Y chromosome". Nucleic Acids Research. 39 (9): 3594–3606. doi:10.1093/nar/gkq1342. PMC 3089472. PMID 21252296.
^ Wang J, Jia ST, Jia S (May 2016). "New Insights into the Regulation of Heterochromatin". Trends in Genetics. 32 (5): 284–294. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2016.02.005. PMC 4842111. PMID 27005444.
^ Simmons D (2008). "Epigenetic Influences and Disease". Nature Education. 1 (1): 6. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
^ Alaskhar Alhamwe B, Khalaila R, Wolf J, von Bülow V, Harb H, Alhamdan F, et al. (2018-05-23). "Histone modifications and their role in epigenetics of atopy and allergic diseases". Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology. 14 (1): 39. doi:10.1186/s13223-018-0259-4. PMC 5966915. PMID 29796022.
^ a b c d e f Bannister AJ, Kouzarides T (March 2011). "Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications". Cell Research. 21 (3): 381–395. doi:10.1038/cr.2011.22. PMC 3193420. PMID 21321607.
^ a b c d e f Singh D, Nishi K, Khambata K, Balasinor NH (January 2020). "Introduction to epigenetics: basic concepts and advancements in the field". In Tollefsbol T (ed.). Epigenetics and Reproductive Health. Translational Epigenetics. Vol. 21. Academic Press. pp. xxv–xliv. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-819753-0.02001-8. ISBN 978-0-12-819753-0. S2CID 235031860.
Further reading
Heterochromatin formation involves changes in histone modifications over multiple cell generations – Katan-Khaykovich Y, Struhl K (June 2005). "Heterochromatin formation involves changes in histone modifications over multiple cell generations". The EMBO Journal. 24 (12): 2138–2149. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600692. PMC 1150886. PMID 15920479.
Chromatin Velocity reveals epigenetic dynamics by single-cell profiling of heterochromatin and euchromatin – Tedesco M, Giannese F, Lazarević D, Giansanti V, Rosano D, Monzani S, et al. (October 2021). "Chromatin Velocity reveals epigenetic dynamics by single-cell profiling of heterochromatin and euchromatin". Nature Biotechnology. 40 (2): 235–244. doi:10.1038/s41587-021-01031-1. hdl:11368/3007419. PMID 34635836. S2CID 238637962.
Epigenetic inheritance and the missing heritability – Trerotola M, Relli V, Simeone P, Alberti S (July 2015). "Epigenetic inheritance and the missing heritability". Human Genomics. 9 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/s40246-015-0041-3. PMC 4517414. PMID 26216216.
Histone epigenetic marks in heterochromatin and euchromatin of the Chagas' disease vector, Triatoma infestans – Alvarenga EM, Rodrigues VL, Moraes AS, Naves LS, Mondin M, Felisbino MB, Mello ML (May 2016). "Histone epigenetic marks in heterochromatin and euchromatin of the Chagas' disease vector, Triatoma infestans". Acta Histochemica. 118 (4): 401–412. doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2016.04.002. PMID 27079857.
vteCytogenetics: chromosomesBasicconcepts
Karyotype
Ploidy
Genetic material/Genome
Chromatin
Euchromatin
Heterochromatin
Chromosome
Chromatid
Nucleosome
Nuclear organization
Types
Autosome/Sex chromosome (or allosome or heterosome)
Macrochromosome/Microchromosome
Circular chromosome/Linear chromosome
Extra chromosome (or accessory chromosome)
Supernumerary chromosome
A chromosome/B chromosome
Lampbrush chromosome
Polytene chromosome
Dinoflagellate chromosomes
Homologous chromosome
Isochromosome
Satellite chromosome
Centromere position
Metacentric
Submetacentric
Telocentric
Acrocentric
Holocentric
Centromere number
Acentric
Monocentric
Dicentric
Polycentric
Processesand evolution
Mitosis
Meiosis
Structural alterations
Chromosomal inversion
Chromosomal translocation
Numerical alterations
Aneuploidy
Euploidy
Polyploidy
Paleopolyploidy
Polyploidization
Structures
Telomere: Telomere-binding protein (TINF2)
Protamine
Histone
H1
H2A
H2B
H3
H4
Centromere
A
B
C1
C2
E
F
H
I
J
K
M
N
O
P
Q
T
See also
Extrachromosomal DNA
Plasmid
List of organisms by chromosome count
List of sequenced genomes
International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sha-Boyer-Fig1-CCBy3.0.jpg"},{"link_name":"chromatin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin"},{"link_name":"DNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA"},{"link_name":"RNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA"},{"link_name":"protein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein"},{"link_name":"genes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene"},{"link_name":"transcription","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)"},{"link_name":"heterochromatin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterochromatin"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"eukaryotes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote"},{"link_name":"genome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome"},{"link_name":"cell nucleus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus"},{"link_name":"prokaryotes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryotes"},{"link_name":"nucleus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus"}],"text":"Distinction between Euchromatin and HeterochromatinEuchromatin (also called \"open chromatin\") is a lightly packed form of chromatin (DNA, RNA, and protein) that is enriched in genes, and is often (but not always) under active transcription. Euchromatin stands in contrast to heterochromatin, which is tightly packed and less accessible for transcription. 92% of the human genome is euchromatic.[1]In eukaryotes, euchromatin comprises the most active portion of the genome within the cell nucleus. In prokaryotes, euchromatin is the only form of chromatin present; this indicates that the heterochromatin structure evolved later along with the nucleus, possibly as a mechanism to handle increasing genome size.","title":"Euchromatin"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"nucleosomes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleosome"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Babu_1987-2"},{"link_name":"histone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone"},{"link_name":"H3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_H3"},{"link_name":"H4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_H4"},{"link_name":"H2A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_H2A"},{"link_name":"H2B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_H2B"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Babu_1987-2"},{"link_name":"methylation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylation"},{"link_name":"acetylation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylation"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Babu_1987-2"},{"link_name":"DNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"H1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_H1"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"linker DNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linker_DNA"},{"link_name":"heterochromatin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterochromatin"},{"link_name":"transcription","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(biology)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Babu_1987-2"}],"text":"Euchromatin is composed of repeating subunits known as nucleosomes, reminiscent of an unfolded set of beads on a string, that are approximately 11 nm in diameter.[2] At the core of these nucleosomes are a set of four histone protein pairs: H3, H4, H2A, and H2B.[2] Each core histone protein possesses a 'tail' structure, which can vary in several ways; it is thought that these variations act as \"master control switches\" through different methylation and acetylation states, which determine the overall arrangement of the chromatin.[2] Approximately 147 base pairs of DNA are wound around the histone octamers, or a little less than 2 turns of the helix.[3] Nucleosomes along the strand are linked together via the histone, H1,[4] and a short space of open linker DNA, ranging from around 0-80 base pairs. The key distinction between the structure of euchromatin and heterochromatin is that the nucleosomes in euchromatin are much more widely spaced, which allows for easier access of different protein complexes to the DNA strand and thus increased gene transcription.[2]","title":"Structure"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterochromatic_versus_euchromatic_nuclei.jpg"},{"link_name":"H&E stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%26E_stain"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Babu_1987-2"},{"link_name":"electron microscope","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrograph"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mmegias-5"},{"link_name":"heterochromatin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterochromatin"},{"link_name":"nucleus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mmegias-5"},{"link_name":"chromosomes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome"},{"link_name":"karyogram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyotype"},{"link_name":"cytogenetic banding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytogenetics"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"G banding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_banding"},{"link_name":"Giemsa staining","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giemsa_stain"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-biologyonline-8"}],"text":"Microscopy of heterochromatic versus euchromatic nuclei (H&E stain).Euchromatin resembles a set of beads on a string at large magnifications.[2] From farther away, it can resemble a ball of tangled thread, such as in some electron microscope visualizations.[5] In both optical and electron microscopic visualizations, euchromatin appears lighter in color than heterochromatin - which is also present in the nucleus and appears darkly[6] - due to its less compact structure.[5] When visualizing chromosomes, such as in a karyogram, cytogenetic banding is used to stain the chromosomes. Cytogenetic banding allows us to see which parts of the chromosome are made up of euchromatin or heterochromatin in order to differentiate chromosomal subsections, irregularities or rearrangements.[7] One such example is G banding, otherwise known as Giemsa staining where euchromatin appears lighter than heterochromatin.[8]","title":"Appearance"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png"},{"link_name":"karyogram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyotype"},{"link_name":"human","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human"},{"link_name":"human genome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genome"},{"link_name":"G banding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_banding"},{"link_name":"Giemsa staining","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giemsa_stain"},{"link_name":"Karyotype","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyotype"}],"text":"Schematic karyogram of a human, showing an overview of the human genome using G banding, which is a method that includes Giemsa staining, wherein the lighter staining regions are generally more euchromatic, whereas darker regions generally are more heterochromatic.Further information: Karyotype","title":"Function"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"transcription","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(biology)"},{"link_name":"DNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA"},{"link_name":"mRNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA"},{"link_name":"RNA polymerase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerase"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Babu_1987-2"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"gene expression","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_expression"},{"link_name":"replication","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_replication"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"housekeeping genes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housekeeping_genes"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"sub_title":"Transcription","text":"Euchromatin participates in the active transcription of DNA to mRNA products. The unfolded structure allows gene regulatory proteins and RNA polymerase complexes to bind to the DNA sequence, which can then initiate the transcription process.[2] While not all euchromatin is necessarily transcribed, as the euchromatin is divided into transcriptionally active and inactive domains,[13] euchromatin is still generally associated with active gene transcription. There is therefore a direct link to how actively productive a cell is and the amount of euchromatin that can be found in its nucleus.It is thought that the cell uses transformation from euchromatin into heterochromatin as a method of controlling gene expression and replication, since such processes behave differently on densely compacted chromatin. This is known as the 'accessibility hypothesis'.[14] One example of constitutive euchromatin that is 'always turned on' is housekeeping genes, which code for the proteins needed for basic functions of cell survival.[15]","title":"Function"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Epigenetics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics"},{"link_name":"phenotype","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"post-translational modifications of the histones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#Regulation"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"aging process","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ageing"},{"link_name":"diseases known to resemble premature aging","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progeroid_syndromes"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"sub_title":"Epigenetics","text":"Epigenetics involves changes in the phenotype that can be inherited without changing the DNA sequence. This can occur through many types of environmental interactions.[16] Regarding euchromatin, post-translational modifications of the histones can alter the structure of chromatin, resulting in altered gene expression without changing the DNA.[17] Additionally, a loss of heterochromatin and increase in euchromatin has been shown to correlate with an accelerated aging process, especially in diseases known to resemble premature aging.[18] Research has shown epigenetic markers on histones for a number of additional diseases.[19][20]","title":"Function"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"post-translational modifications","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-translational_modification"},{"link_name":"histones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone"},{"link_name":"histone-modifying enzymes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone-modifying_enzymes"},{"link_name":"N-terminal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-terminus"},{"link_name":"heterochromatin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterochromatin"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bannister_2011-21"},{"link_name":"Histone acetylation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_acetylation_and_deacetylation"},{"link_name":"histone methylation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_methylation"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Singh_2020-22"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bannister_2011-21"},{"link_name":"lysine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysine"},{"link_name":"N-terminal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-terminus"},{"link_name":"transcription factors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factor"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bannister_2011-21"},{"link_name":"Phosphorylation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylation"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bannister_2011-21"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bannister_2011-21"},{"link_name":"kinases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinases"},{"link_name":"phosphatases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatase"},{"link_name":"serine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serine"},{"link_name":"threonine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threonine"},{"link_name":"tyrosine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bannister_2011-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Singh_2020-22"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Singh_2020-22"},{"link_name":"chromatin remodeling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin_remodeling"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Singh_2020-22"},{"link_name":"ADP ribosylation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADP-ribosylation"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Singh_2020-22"},{"link_name":"ADP-ribose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate_ribose"},{"link_name":"DNA damage response","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-damage_response"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Singh_2020-22"}],"text":"Euchromatin is primarily regulated by post-translational modifications to its nucleosomes' histones, conducted by many histone-modifying enzymes. These modifications occur on the histones' N-terminal tails that protrude from the nucleosome structure, and are thought of to recruit enzymes to either keep the chromatin in its open form, as euchromatin, or in its closed form, as heterochromatin.[21] Histone acetylation, for instance, is typically associated with euchromatin structure, whereas histone methylation promotes heterochromatin remodeling.[22] Acetylation makes the histone group more negatively charged, which in turn disrupts its interactions with the DNA strand, essentially \"opening\" the strand for easier access.[21] Acetylation can occur on multiple lysine residues of a histone's N-terminal tail and in different histones of the same nucleosome, which is thought to further increase DNA accessibility for transcription factors.[21]Phosphorylation of histones is another method by which euchromatin is regulated.[21] This tends to occur on the N-terminal tails of the histones, however some sites are present in the core.[21] Phosphorylation is controlled by kinases and phosphatases, which add and remove the phosphate groups respectively. This can occur at serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues present in euchromatin.[21][22] Since the phosphate groups added to the structure will incorporate a negative charge, it will promote the more relaxed \"open\" form, similar to acetylation.[22] In regards to functionality, histone phosphorylation is involved with gene expression, DNA damage repair, and chromatin remodeling.[22]Another method of regulation that incorporates a negative charge, thereby favoring the \"open\" form, is ADP ribosylation.[22] This process adds one or more ADP-ribose units to the histone, and is involved in the DNA damage response pathway.[22]","title":"Regulation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"Heterochromatin formation involves changes in histone modifications over multiple cell generations\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1150886"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1038/sj.emboj.7600692","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.emboj.7600692"},{"link_name":"PMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1150886","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1150886"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"15920479","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15920479"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1038/s41587-021-01031-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41587-021-01031-1"},{"link_name":"hdl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"11368/3007419","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//hdl.handle.net/11368%2F3007419"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"34635836","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34635836"},{"link_name":"S2CID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"238637962","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:238637962"},{"link_name":"\"Epigenetic inheritance and the missing heritability\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4517414"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1186/s40246-015-0041-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40246-015-0041-3"},{"link_name":"PMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"4517414","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4517414"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"26216216","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26216216"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1016/j.acthis.2016.04.002","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.acthis.2016.04.002"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"27079857","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27079857"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Chromosome_genetics"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Chromosome_genetics"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chromosome_genetics"},{"link_name":"Cytogenetics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytogenetics"},{"link_name":"chromosomes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome"},{"link_name":"Karyotype","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyotype"},{"link_name":"Ploidy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidy"},{"link_name":"Genetic material","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome"},{"link_name":"Genome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome"},{"link_name":"Chromatin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin"},{"link_name":"Euchromatin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Heterochromatin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterochromatin"},{"link_name":"Chromosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome"},{"link_name":"Chromatid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatid"},{"link_name":"Nucleosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleosome"},{"link_name":"Nuclear organization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_organization"},{"link_name":"Autosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosome"},{"link_name":"Sex chromosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-determination_system"},{"link_name":"allosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_chromosome"},{"link_name":"Macrochromosome/Microchromosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microchromosome"},{"link_name":"Circular chromosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_bacterial_chromosome"},{"link_name":"Linear chromosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_chromosome"},{"link_name":"Extra chromosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aneuploidy"},{"link_name":"Supernumerary chromosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_supernumerary_marker_chromosome"},{"link_name":"A chromosome/B chromosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_chromosome"},{"link_name":"Lampbrush chromosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampbrush_chromosome"},{"link_name":"Polytene chromosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytene_chromosome"},{"link_name":"Dinoflagellate chromosomes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinokaryon"},{"link_name":"Homologous chromosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_chromosome"},{"link_name":"Isochromosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isochromosome"},{"link_name":"Satellite chromosome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_chromosome"},{"link_name":"Metacentric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centromere#Metacentric"},{"link_name":"Submetacentric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submetacentric"},{"link_name":"Telocentric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telocentric"},{"link_name":"Acrocentric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrocentric"},{"link_name":"Holocentric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocentric_chromosome"},{"link_name":"Acentric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acentric_fragment"},{"link_name":"Monocentric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocentric"},{"link_name":"Dicentric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicentric_chromosome"},{"link_name":"Polycentric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycentric_chromosome"},{"link_name":"Mitosis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis"},{"link_name":"Meiosis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis"},{"link_name":"Structural alterations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_abnormality#Structural_abnormalities"},{"link_name":"Chromosomal inversion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal_inversion"},{"link_name":"Chromosomal translocation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal_translocation"},{"link_name":"Numerical alterations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_abnormality#Numerical_disorders"},{"link_name":"Aneuploidy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aneuploidy"},{"link_name":"Euploidy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidy"},{"link_name":"Polyploidy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploidy"},{"link_name":"Paleopolyploidy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleopolyploidy"},{"link_name":"Polyploidization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploidization"},{"link_name":"Telomere","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere"},{"link_name":"Telomere-binding protein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere-binding_protein"},{"link_name":"TINF2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TINF2"},{"link_name":"Protamine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protamine"},{"link_name":"Histone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone"},{"link_name":"H1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_H1"},{"link_name":"H2A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_H2A"},{"link_name":"H2B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_H2B"},{"link_name":"H3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_H3"},{"link_name":"H4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_H4"},{"link_name":"Centromere","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centromere"},{"link_name":"A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CENPA"},{"link_name":"B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centromere_protein_B"},{"link_name":"C1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CENPC1"},{"link_name":"C2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CENPC2&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"E","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centromere_protein_E"},{"link_name":"F","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CENPF"},{"link_name":"H","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CENPH"},{"link_name":"I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CENPI"},{"link_name":"J","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CENPJ"},{"link_name":"K","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CENPK"},{"link_name":"M","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CENPM"},{"link_name":"N","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CENPN"},{"link_name":"O","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CENPO"},{"link_name":"P","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CENPP&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Q","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CENPQ&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"T","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CENPT"},{"link_name":"Extrachromosomal DNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrachromosomal_DNA"},{"link_name":"Plasmid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmid"},{"link_name":"List of organisms by chromosome count","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organisms_by_chromosome_count"},{"link_name":"List of sequenced genomes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequenced_eukaryotic_genomes"},{"link_name":"International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_for_Human_Cytogenetic_Nomenclature"}],"text":"Heterochromatin formation involves changes in histone modifications over multiple cell generations – Katan-Khaykovich Y, Struhl K (June 2005). \"Heterochromatin formation involves changes in histone modifications over multiple cell generations\". The EMBO Journal. 24 (12): 2138–2149. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600692. PMC 1150886. PMID 15920479.\nChromatin Velocity reveals epigenetic dynamics by single-cell profiling of heterochromatin and euchromatin – Tedesco M, Giannese F, Lazarević D, Giansanti V, Rosano D, Monzani S, et al. (October 2021). \"Chromatin Velocity reveals epigenetic dynamics by single-cell profiling of heterochromatin and euchromatin\". Nature Biotechnology. 40 (2): 235–244. doi:10.1038/s41587-021-01031-1. hdl:11368/3007419. PMID 34635836. S2CID 238637962.\nEpigenetic inheritance and the missing heritability – Trerotola M, Relli V, Simeone P, Alberti S (July 2015). \"Epigenetic inheritance and the missing heritability\". Human Genomics. 9 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/s40246-015-0041-3. PMC 4517414. PMID 26216216.\nHistone epigenetic marks in heterochromatin and euchromatin of the Chagas' disease vector, Triatoma infestans – Alvarenga EM, Rodrigues VL, Moraes AS, Naves LS, Mondin M, Felisbino MB, Mello ML (May 2016). \"Histone epigenetic marks in heterochromatin and euchromatin of the Chagas' disease vector, Triatoma infestans\". Acta Histochemica. 118 (4): 401–412. doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2016.04.002. PMID 27079857.vteCytogenetics: chromosomesBasicconcepts\nKaryotype\nPloidy\nGenetic material/Genome\nChromatin\nEuchromatin\nHeterochromatin\nChromosome\nChromatid\nNucleosome\nNuclear organization\nTypes\nAutosome/Sex chromosome (or allosome or heterosome)\nMacrochromosome/Microchromosome\nCircular chromosome/Linear chromosome\nExtra chromosome (or accessory chromosome)\nSupernumerary chromosome\nA chromosome/B chromosome\nLampbrush chromosome\nPolytene chromosome\nDinoflagellate chromosomes\nHomologous chromosome\nIsochromosome\nSatellite chromosome\nCentromere position\nMetacentric\nSubmetacentric\nTelocentric\nAcrocentric\nHolocentric\nCentromere number\nAcentric\nMonocentric\nDicentric\nPolycentric\nProcessesand evolution\nMitosis\nMeiosis\nStructural alterations\nChromosomal inversion\nChromosomal translocation\nNumerical alterations\nAneuploidy\nEuploidy\nPolyploidy\nPaleopolyploidy\nPolyploidization\nStructures\nTelomere: Telomere-binding protein (TINF2)\nProtamine\nHistone\nH1\nH2A\nH2B\nH3\nH4\nCentromere\nA\nB\nC1\nC2\nE\nF\nH\nI\nJ\nK\nM\nN\nO\nP\nQ\nT\n\nSee also\nExtrachromosomal DNA\nPlasmid\nList of organisms by chromosome count\nList of sequenced genomes\nInternational System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"image_text":"Distinction between Euchromatin and Heterochromatin","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Sha-Boyer-Fig1-CCBy3.0.jpg/300px-Sha-Boyer-Fig1-CCBy3.0.jpg"},{"image_text":"Microscopy of heterochromatic versus euchromatic nuclei (H&E stain).","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Heterochromatic_versus_euchromatic_nuclei.jpg/220px-Heterochromatic_versus_euchromatic_nuclei.jpg"},{"image_text":"Schematic karyogram of a human, showing an overview of the human genome using G banding, which is a method that includes Giemsa staining, wherein the lighter staining regions are generally more euchromatic, whereas darker regions generally are more heterochromatic.Further information: Karyotype","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png/220px-Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png"}]
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[{"title":"Histone Modifying Enzymes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone-modifying_enzymes"},{"title":"Constitutive Heterochromatin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutive_heterochromatin"}]
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[{"reference":"International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (October 2004). \"Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome\". Nature. 431 (7011): 931–945. Bibcode:2004Natur.431..931H. doi:10.1038/nature03001. PMID 15496913. S2CID 186242248.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature03001","url_text":"\"Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Natur.431..931H","url_text":"2004Natur.431..931H"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature03001","url_text":"10.1038/nature03001"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15496913","url_text":"15496913"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186242248","url_text":"186242248"}]},{"reference":"Babu A, Verma RS (January 1987). Bourne GH, Jeon KW, Friedlander M (eds.). \"Chromosome structure: euchromatin and heterochromatin\". International Review of Cytology. 108. Academic Press: 1–60. doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61435-7. ISBN 978-0-12-364508-1. PMID 2822591.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0074-7696%2808%2961435-7","url_text":"10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61435-7"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-364508-1","url_text":"978-0-12-364508-1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2822591","url_text":"2822591"}]},{"reference":"\"Definition: nucleosome/nucleosomes\". Scitable Nature Education. Retrieved 2021-10-06.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/nucleosome-nucleosomes-30/","url_text":"\"Definition: nucleosome/nucleosomes\""}]},{"reference":"Mobley AS (January 2019). \"Chapter 4 - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells\". In Mobley AS (ed.). Neural Stem Cells and Adult Neurogenesis. Academic Press. pp. 67–94. ISBN 978-0-12-811014-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-811014-0","url_text":"978-0-12-811014-0"}]},{"reference":"\"The cell. 4. Nucleus. Chromatin. Atlas of plant and animal histology\". mmegias.webs.uvigo.es. Retrieved 2021-12-02.","urls":[{"url":"https://mmegias.webs.uvigo.es/02-english/5-celulas/4-cromatina.php","url_text":"\"The cell. 4. Nucleus. Chromatin. Atlas of plant and animal histology\""}]},{"reference":"Enukashvily NI (January 2013). \"Chapter Two - Mammalian Satellite DNA: A Speaking Dumb\". In Donev R, Ponomartsev NV (eds.). Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology. Organisation of Chromosomes. Vol. 90. Academic Press. pp. 31–65. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-410523-2.00002-X. ISBN 978-0-12-410523-2. 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(2018-05-23). \"Histone modifications and their role in epigenetics of atopy and allergic diseases\". Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology. 14 (1): 39. doi:10.1186/s13223-018-0259-4. PMC 5966915. PMID 29796022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5966915","url_text":"\"Histone modifications and their role in epigenetics of atopy and allergic diseases\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13223-018-0259-4","url_text":"10.1186/s13223-018-0259-4"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5966915","url_text":"5966915"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29796022","url_text":"29796022"}]},{"reference":"Bannister AJ, Kouzarides T (March 2011). \"Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications\". Cell Research. 21 (3): 381–395. doi:10.1038/cr.2011.22. PMC 3193420. PMID 21321607.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193420","url_text":"\"Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fcr.2011.22","url_text":"10.1038/cr.2011.22"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193420","url_text":"3193420"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21321607","url_text":"21321607"}]},{"reference":"Singh D, Nishi K, Khambata K, Balasinor NH (January 2020). \"Introduction to epigenetics: basic concepts and advancements in the field\". In Tollefsbol T (ed.). Epigenetics and Reproductive Health. Translational Epigenetics. Vol. 21. Academic Press. pp. xxv–xliv. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-819753-0.02001-8. ISBN 978-0-12-819753-0. S2CID 235031860.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-12-819753-0.02001-8","url_text":"10.1016/B978-0-12-819753-0.02001-8"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-819753-0","url_text":"978-0-12-819753-0"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235031860","url_text":"235031860"}]},{"reference":"Katan-Khaykovich Y, Struhl K (June 2005). \"Heterochromatin formation involves changes in histone modifications over multiple cell generations\". The EMBO Journal. 24 (12): 2138–2149. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600692. PMC 1150886. PMID 15920479.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1150886","url_text":"\"Heterochromatin formation involves changes in histone modifications over multiple cell generations\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.emboj.7600692","url_text":"10.1038/sj.emboj.7600692"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1150886","url_text":"1150886"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15920479","url_text":"15920479"}]},{"reference":"Tedesco M, Giannese F, Lazarević D, Giansanti V, Rosano D, Monzani S, et al. (October 2021). \"Chromatin Velocity reveals epigenetic dynamics by single-cell profiling of heterochromatin and euchromatin\". Nature Biotechnology. 40 (2): 235–244. doi:10.1038/s41587-021-01031-1. hdl:11368/3007419. PMID 34635836. S2CID 238637962.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41587-021-01031-1","url_text":"10.1038/s41587-021-01031-1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)","url_text":"hdl"},{"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11368%2F3007419","url_text":"11368/3007419"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34635836","url_text":"34635836"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:238637962","url_text":"238637962"}]},{"reference":"Trerotola M, Relli V, Simeone P, Alberti S (July 2015). \"Epigenetic inheritance and the missing heritability\". Human Genomics. 9 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/s40246-015-0041-3. PMC 4517414. PMID 26216216.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4517414","url_text":"\"Epigenetic inheritance and the missing heritability\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40246-015-0041-3","url_text":"10.1186/s40246-015-0041-3"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4517414","url_text":"4517414"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26216216","url_text":"26216216"}]},{"reference":"Alvarenga EM, Rodrigues VL, Moraes AS, Naves LS, Mondin M, Felisbino MB, Mello ML (May 2016). \"Histone epigenetic marks in heterochromatin and euchromatin of the Chagas' disease vector, Triatoma infestans\". Acta Histochemica. 118 (4): 401–412. doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2016.04.002. PMID 27079857.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.acthis.2016.04.002","url_text":"10.1016/j.acthis.2016.04.002"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27079857","url_text":"27079857"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Grandison
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Ronnie Grandison
|
["1 References","2 External links"]
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American basketball player
Ronnie GrandisonPersonal informationBorn (1964-07-06) July 6, 1964 (age 59)Los Angeles, California, U.S.Listed height6 ft 6 in (1.98 m)Listed weight215 lb (98 kg)Career informationHigh schoolSt. Bernard(Los Angeles, California)College
UC Irvine (1982–1984)
New Orleans (1985–1987)
NBA draft1987: 5th round, 100th overall pickSelected by the Denver NuggetsPlaying career1987–2001PositionPower forwardNumber31, 35, 54, 20Career history1987–1988Rochester Flyers1988–1989Boston Celtics1991Omaha Racers1991–1992Charlotte Hornets1992Omaha Racers1992–1993Rochester Renegade1993Purefoods Oodles1993Llíria1993–1994Rochester Renegade1994New York Knicks1994–1995Rapid City Thrillers1995Sunkist Orange Juicers1995–1996Miami Heat1996Atlanta Hawks1996Omaha Racers1996New York Knicks1996–1997Omaha Racers1998La Crosse Bobcats1999–2000Cincinnati Stuff2000–2001Rockford Lightning
Career highlights and awards
PBA champion (1995 Commissioner's)
CBA Most Valuable Player (1994)
Stats at NBA.comStats at Basketball-Reference.com
Ron Calvin Grandison (born July 6, 1964) is a former basketball player, who attended the University of California, Irvine and the University of New Orleans. He was selected in the fifth round of the 1987 NBA draft, 100th pick overall, by the Denver Nuggets.
Grandison played in the NBA intermittently in all together 4 seasons (1988–1996), for five teams: Boston Celtics, Charlotte Hornets, New York Knicks (two stints), Miami Heat and Atlanta Hawks, averaging 2.4 points per game. He was known primarily as a hard working player and a defensive specialist. Grandison made 4 career three point shots, all as a member of the Miami Heat during the 1995–96 season.
Grandison and his business partner/wife, Barb Grandison, have scheduled a Grand Opening and Ribbon-Cutting on Sunday, January 5, 2020, for the new, expanded and freshly-rebranded Ronnie Grandison Sports Academy, the training center he opened in 1996 on East Kemper Road in Cincinnati.
References
^ Grandison at SportsStats.com
^ "Ron Grandison Stats".
Cincinnati Business Courier story published on Friday, January 3, 2020 https://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/news/2020/01/03/greater-cincinnati-sports-center-debuts-6-million.html?iana=hpmvp_cinci_news_headline
External links
Statistics at basketballreference.com
vteSunkist Orange Juicers 1995 PBA Commissioner's Cup champions
4 Bonel Balingit
8 Al Solis
9 Boybits Victoria
10 Enrique Reyes
11 Nelson Asaytono
13 Elpidio Villamin
16 Teroy Abarillo
18 Vergel Meneses
19 Kenneth Duremdes
23 Ricardo Marata
31 Ronnie Grandison (Import)
35 Zaldy Realubit
Coach Derrick Pumaren
vtePBA Best Import of the Conference AwardCommissioner's Cup
1993: Thompkins
1994: Redfield
1995: Grandison
1996: Redfield
1997: Ward
1998: Davis
1999: Mott
2000: Sesay
2001: Lang
2002: Honeycutt
2011: Brumfield
2012: Bowles
2013: Dozier
2014: Howell
2015: Chism
2016: Onuaku
2017: Rhodes
2018: Brownlee
2019: Jones
2022–23: Brownlee
2023–24: J. Williams
Governors' Cup
1993: K. Travis
1994: Coleman
1995: Smith
1996: Chambers
1997: Robinson
1998: Mills
1999: Strothers
2000: Brown
2001: Owens
2002: Brown
2011: Reid
2012: Cornley
2013: Blakely
2014: Reid
2015: R. Travis
2016: Durham
2017: Durham
2018: M. Harris
2019: Durham
2021: Brownlee
2023: Hollis-Jefferson
Inactive conferencesOpen Conference
1981: Fields
1983: Bates
1985: Black
1986: Young
1987: Thirdkill
1988: Waller
1989: Parks
Reinforced Conference
1981: Murray
1985: Hackett
1986: R. Williams
1987: Parks
1988: Parks
1989: Briggs
2003: McClary
Reinforced Filipino Conference
1982: Black
1983: Bates
Invitational Conference
1982: Koonce
1984: Collins
First Conference
1990: Parks
1991: Parks
1992: Parks
Third Conference
1990: Parks
1991: Matthews
1992: T. Harris
Fiesta Conference
2004: Thomas
2005: Honeycutt
2006: Chandler
2007: Ellis
2008: Alexander
2009: Freeman
2010: Freeman
This biographical article relating to a United States basketball player, coach, or other figure born in the 1960s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Ron Grandison Stats\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/g/grandro01.html","url_text":"\"Ron Grandison Stats\""}]}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo_Observatory
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Palermo Astronomical Observatory
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["1 History","2 Directors","3 Activities","4 Museum","5 See also","6 References"]
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Coordinates: 38°06′44″N 13°21′22″E / 38.1122°N 13.3561°E / 38.1122; 13.3561Astronomical observatory in Palermo, Sicily, Italy
The part of the Palace of the Normans hosting the observatory
The Giuseppe S. Vaiana Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory located in Palermo, Sicily, Italy, housed inside the Palazzo dei Normanni. It is one of the research facilities of the National Institute of Astrophysics. The observatory carries out research projects in the field of astronomy and astrophysics including the study of solar and stellar coronas, stellar evolution (including the birth of stars) and of the supernova remnants.
History
The 5-foot diameter Palermo circle manufactured by Jesse Ramsden to measure apparent positions of astronomical objects.
It was founded in 1790 by Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, at the suggestion of some intellectuals of the time, including the then Sicilian viceroy Francesco d'Aquino, Prince of Caramanico to endow the Sicilian city with an element of prestige as an astronomical observatory. It was hard to find an expert astronomer who would agree to work in such a peripheral location at the time. In the end the choice fell on Giuseppe Piazzi, a middle-aged mathematician, who before had not particularly distinguished himself in astronomy. The new director immediately dealt with the purchase of the most modern astronomical instruments of the time to make the observatory compete at European level: among other things, a surveying instrument of five-foot diameter to work in conjunction with telescopes to document the position of stars was purchased, made by English manufacturer Jesse Ramsden, and the first dome was built. It was Piazzi's determination that allowed the precious English instrument to arrive in Sicily: the astronomer had to go personally to prod the builder and, later, also cope with all the bureaucratic difficulties that arose: the British government was reluctant to allow the export of a uniquely capable instrument (a status which remained for many years, a fundamental aspect of the observatory's early value). Thanks to the new equipment, and in particular to the Palermo Circle, as it became known in English-speaking world (or the Circle of Ramsden in Italian), this was Ramsden's most celebrated achievement. In 1801 Piazzi discovered and identified the first asteroid Ceres. He named this object which became classified in the 21st century a dwarf planet, Cerere Ferdinandea, in honour of the myth of Ceres set in Sicily and of King Ferdinand; thanks to this discovery, he was awarded a gold medal which he refused instead donating its worth to the purchase of other instruments, including a Troughton equatorial telescope that he placed in the second dome of the observatory.
In 1817 Piazzi moved to Naples to complete the setting up of the Capodimonte Astronomical Observatory, leaving direction of the Palermo observatory to his assistant Niccolò Cacciatore. Cacciatore was succeeded, in 1841, by his son Gaetano; however, in 1848, he was removed for political reasons, having taken part in the revolutionary anti-Bourbon movements. The management of the Palermo observatory was then entrusted to Domenico Ragona, who succeeded in obtaining from the Two Sicilies government the necessary funds to purchase new instruments, including a 25 cm aperture Merz equatorial telescope, delivered in 1859.
With the Expedition of the Thousand in 1860, the situation was reversed: Gaetano Cacciatore's directorship was reinstated and Ragona removed, without being able to install the Merz telescope. Pietro Tacchini, appointed Deputy Astronomer in 1863, installed and commissioned the equatorial telescope in 1865, using it for solar physics research which would make the Palermo Observatory famous in the second half of the nineteenth century and lead to the foundation of the Society of Italian Spectroscopists (1871), whose Memoirs (Memorie) - the first review of astrophysics - would be published periodically in Palermo from 1872 by Tacchini.
The departure of Tacchini for Rome in 1879 began a difficult phase; Annibale Riccò, the Deputy (i.e. "Adjunct") Astronomer, managed to keep the quality of research high until he took over the direction of the Catania observatory in 1890; then, the political and military events – and the consequent financial difficulties of the Government – severely compromised the observatory, which in 1923 was downgraded to the university's Cabinet of Astronomy.
From 1931 to 1936 its director was Corradino Mineo, an academician of the Lincei, who had a second term from 1938 to 1948, after the directorship of Francesco Zagar. They were years characterized by great difficulties of the institution, which had already seen, in the reform of 1923, declassification to a simple astronomical cabinet, and it was hit by a serious decline, with a reduction of personnel and scarcity of funds for the conduct of observations and for technological adaptation. The problems became acute during and after the Second World War, when the observatory was close to closure, deprived of some premises, after having also been deprived, in 1939, of the only modern observation instrument it was equipped with, a model of zenith telescope developed by Julius Wanschaff in Berlin.
The three domes originally placed on the roof of the building were replaced in the fifties with others in iron, which were later removed because they were too heavy and dangerous for the structure; later, lighter copper domes of the previous design were installed. It is named after Giuseppe Salvatore Vaiana, who directed it from 1976 to 1991.
Directors
Giuseppe Piazzi
Niccolò Cacciatore
Gaetano Cacciatore
Domenico Ragona
Pietro Tacchini
Annibale Riccò
Temistocle Zona
Filippo Angelitti
Corradino Mineo
Francesco Zagar
Corradino Mineo
Luciano Chiara
Salvatore Leone
Giuseppe Salvatore Vaiana
Salvatore Serio
Salvatore Sciortino
Giuseppina Micela
Activities
The observatory has a laboratory for the development and testing of scientific instrumentation for x-ray band telescopes (X-ray Astronomy Calibration and Testing Facility, XACT) in a separate building, a high-tech computing center, carries out iterations and error-testing of numerical models collating observations and measurements in astrophysics (System of Calculation for Numerical Astrophysics, SCAN) and the Museum of the Specola, which contains a vast collection of astronomical instruments belonging to the Observatory.
Museum
The Museum of the Specola, located at the top of the leaning tower of the Norman palace, is mainly composed of 18th- and 19th-century instruments, among which are achromatic telescopes, a sextant, some barometers and thermometers, as well as two main items earlier mentioned: the Palermo Circle (circle by Ramsden) and Edward Troughton's equatorial telescope. It hosts other contemporary instruments and a series of oil paintings that portray personalities from the scientific world.
See also
List of astronomical observatories
References
^ a b c d Foderà Serio, Giorgia; Chinnici, Ileana (January 1997). L'Osservatorio astronomico di Palermo: la storia e gli strumenti. Flaccovio, 1997. ISBN 8878041440.
^ "Mummies in Palermo: a criminal biologist pictures in the darkest places in the world". Retrieved 2017-06-12.
^ Anita, McConnell (2013). "Jesse Ramsden: the Craftsman who Believed that Big was Beautiful". The Antiquarian Astronomer. 7. Society for the History of Astronomy: 41–53. Bibcode:2013AntAs...7...41M.
^ Chinnici, Ileana (2009). "The Relationship Between the Ramsden Circles at Palermo and Dunsink". Journal for the History of Astronomy. 40 (3): 321–333. Bibcode:2009JHA....40..321C. doi:10.1177/002182860904000304. S2CID 120879418.
^ Ceres: Keeping Well-Guarded Secrets for 215 Years http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news-detail.html?id=4824
^ "OAPa INAF Osservatorio Astronomico – "Giuseppe Salvatore Vaiana"".
38°06′44″N 13°21′22″E / 38.1122°N 13.3561°E / 38.1122; 13.3561
vte Astronomical observatories in Italy
Arcetri Observatory
Asiago Astrophysical Observatory
Bassano Bresciano
Brera Astronomical Observatory
Cagliari Observatory
Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
Catania Astrophysical Observatory
Cima Ekar Observing Station
Collurania-Teramo Observatory
European Gravitational Observatory
Helmut Ullrich Astronomical Observatory
International Latitude Observatory
La Specola, Padua
Medicina Radio Observatory
Merate Astronomical Observatory
Monte Mario Observatory
Noto Radio Observatory
Orioloromano Observatory
Osservatorio Ximeniano
Palermo Astronomical Observatory
Panzano Observatory
Pistoia Mountains Astronomical Observatory
Rome Observatory
San Vittore Observatory
Santa Lucia Stroncone Astronomical Observatory
Sormano Astronomical Observatory
Specola di Lucca
Astronomical Observatory of Trieste
Observatory of Turin
Vatican Observatory
Italy portal
Portals: Astronomy Stars Spaceflight Outer space Solar System Education Science
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
National
United States
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[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0564_-_Palermo_-_Palazzo_dei_Normanni,_facciata_principale_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_28-Sept-2006.jpg"},{"link_name":"Palace of the Normans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Normanni"},{"link_name":"astronomical observatory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_observatory"},{"link_name":"Palermo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo"},{"link_name":"Sicily","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily"},{"link_name":"Palazzo dei Normanni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Normanni"},{"link_name":"National Institute of Astrophysics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INAF"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Flaccovi-1"},{"link_name":"solar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_corona"},{"link_name":"stellar evolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_evolution"},{"link_name":"supernova remnants","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova_remnant"}],"text":"Astronomical observatory in Palermo, Sicily, ItalyThe part of the Palace of the Normans hosting the observatoryThe Giuseppe S. Vaiana Astronomical Observatory is an astronomical observatory located in Palermo, Sicily, Italy, housed inside the Palazzo dei Normanni. It is one of the research facilities of the National Institute of Astrophysics.[1] The observatory carries out research projects in the field of astronomy and astrophysics including the study of solar and stellar coronas, stellar evolution (including the birth of stars) and of the supernova remnants.","title":"Palermo Astronomical Observatory"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palermo_Ramsden_telescope.jpg"},{"link_name":"Jesse Ramsden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Ramsden"},{"link_name":"Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies"},{"link_name":"Francesco d'Aquino, Prince of Caramanico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_d%27Aquino,_Prince_of_Caramanico"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Flaccovi-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Giuseppe Piazzi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Piazzi"},{"link_name":"Jesse Ramsden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Ramsden"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mcconnell2013-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-chinnici2009-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"asteroid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid"},{"link_name":"Ceres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)"},{"link_name":"dwarf planet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet"},{"link_name":"Ceres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(mythology)"},{"link_name":"Troughton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Troughton"},{"link_name":"Naples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples"},{"link_name":"Capodimonte Astronomical Observatory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capodimonte_Astronomical_Observatory"},{"link_name":"Niccolò Cacciatore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Cacciatore"},{"link_name":"Expedition of the Thousand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Flaccovi-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Flaccovi-1"}],"text":"The 5-foot diameter Palermo circle manufactured by Jesse Ramsden to measure apparent positions of astronomical objects.It was founded in 1790 by Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, at the suggestion of some intellectuals of the time, including the then Sicilian viceroy Francesco d'Aquino, Prince of Caramanico to endow the Sicilian city with an element of prestige as an astronomical observatory.[1][2] It was hard to find an expert astronomer who would agree to work in such a peripheral location at the time. In the end the choice fell on Giuseppe Piazzi, a middle-aged mathematician, who before had not particularly distinguished himself in astronomy. The new director immediately dealt with the purchase of the most modern astronomical instruments of the time to make the observatory compete at European level: among other things, a surveying instrument of five-foot diameter to work in conjunction with telescopes to document the position of stars was purchased, made by English manufacturer Jesse Ramsden, and the first dome was built. It was Piazzi's determination that allowed the precious English instrument to arrive in Sicily: the astronomer had to go personally to prod the builder and, later, also cope with all the bureaucratic difficulties that arose: the British government was reluctant to allow the export of a uniquely capable instrument (a status which remained for many years, a fundamental aspect of the observatory's early value). Thanks to the new equipment, and in particular to the Palermo Circle, as it became known in English-speaking world (or the Circle of Ramsden in Italian), this was Ramsden's most celebrated achievement.[3][4][5] In 1801 Piazzi discovered and identified the first asteroid Ceres. He named this object which became classified in the 21st century a dwarf planet, Cerere Ferdinandea, in honour of the myth of Ceres set in Sicily and of King Ferdinand; thanks to this discovery, he was awarded a gold medal which he refused instead donating its worth to the purchase of other instruments, including a Troughton equatorial telescope that he placed in the second dome of the observatory.In 1817 Piazzi moved to Naples to complete the setting up of the Capodimonte Astronomical Observatory, leaving direction of the Palermo observatory to his assistant Niccolò Cacciatore. Cacciatore was succeeded, in 1841, by his son Gaetano; however, in 1848, he was removed for political reasons, having taken part in the revolutionary anti-Bourbon movements. The management of the Palermo observatory was then entrusted to Domenico Ragona, who succeeded in obtaining from the Two Sicilies government the necessary funds to purchase new instruments, including a 25 cm aperture Merz equatorial telescope, delivered in 1859.With the Expedition of the Thousand in 1860, the situation was reversed: Gaetano Cacciatore's directorship was reinstated and Ragona removed, without being able to install the Merz telescope. Pietro Tacchini, appointed Deputy Astronomer in 1863, installed and commissioned the equatorial telescope in 1865, using it for solar physics research which would make the Palermo Observatory famous in the second half of the nineteenth century and lead to the foundation of the Society of Italian Spectroscopists (1871), whose Memoirs (Memorie) - the first review of astrophysics - would be published periodically in Palermo from 1872 by Tacchini.The departure of Tacchini for Rome in 1879 began a difficult phase; Annibale Riccò, the Deputy (i.e. \"Adjunct\") Astronomer, managed to keep the quality of research high until he took over the direction of the Catania observatory in 1890; then, the political and military events – and the consequent financial difficulties of the Government – severely compromised the observatory, which in 1923 was downgraded to the university's Cabinet of Astronomy.From 1931 to 1936 its director was Corradino Mineo, an academician of the Lincei, who had a second term from 1938 to 1948, after the directorship of Francesco Zagar.[1] They were years characterized by great difficulties of the institution, which had already seen, in the reform of 1923, declassification to a simple astronomical cabinet, and it was hit by a serious decline, with a reduction of personnel and scarcity of funds for the conduct of observations and for technological adaptation. The problems became acute during and after the Second World War, when the observatory was close to closure, deprived of some premises, after having also been deprived, in 1939, of the only modern observation instrument it was equipped with, a model of zenith telescope developed by Julius Wanschaff in Berlin.[1]The three domes originally placed on the roof of the building were replaced in the fifties with others in iron, which were later removed because they were too heavy and dangerous for the structure; later, lighter copper domes of the previous design were installed. It is named after Giuseppe Salvatore Vaiana, who directed it from 1976 to 1991.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Temistocle Zona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temistocle_Zona"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Giuseppe Piazzi\nNiccolò Cacciatore\nGaetano Cacciatore\nDomenico Ragona\nPietro Tacchini\nAnnibale Riccò\nTemistocle Zona\nFilippo Angelitti\nCorradino Mineo\nFrancesco Zagar\nCorradino Mineo\nLuciano Chiara\nSalvatore Leone\nGiuseppe Salvatore Vaiana\nSalvatore Serio\nSalvatore Sciortino\nGiuseppina Micela[6]","title":"Directors"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"The observatory has a laboratory for the development and testing of scientific instrumentation for x-ray band telescopes (X-ray Astronomy Calibration and Testing Facility, XACT) in a separate building, a high-tech computing center, carries out iterations and error-testing of numerical models collating observations and measurements in astrophysics (System of Calculation for Numerical Astrophysics, SCAN) and the Museum of the Specola, which contains a vast collection of astronomical instruments belonging to the Observatory.","title":"Activities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Edward Troughton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Troughton"}],"text":"The Museum of the Specola, located at the top of the leaning tower of the Norman palace, is mainly composed of 18th- and 19th-century instruments, among which are achromatic telescopes, a sextant, some barometers and thermometers, as well as two main items earlier mentioned: the Palermo Circle (circle by Ramsden) and Edward Troughton's equatorial telescope. It hosts other contemporary instruments and a series of oil paintings that portray personalities from the scientific world.","title":"Museum"}]
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[{"image_text":"The part of the Palace of the Normans hosting the observatory","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/0564_-_Palermo_-_Palazzo_dei_Normanni%2C_facciata_principale_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_28-Sept-2006.jpg/220px-0564_-_Palermo_-_Palazzo_dei_Normanni%2C_facciata_principale_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_28-Sept-2006.jpg"},{"image_text":"The 5-foot diameter Palermo circle manufactured by Jesse Ramsden to measure apparent positions of astronomical objects.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Palermo_Ramsden_telescope.jpg/270px-Palermo_Ramsden_telescope.jpg"}]
|
[{"title":"List of astronomical observatories","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_astronomical_observatories"}]
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[{"reference":"Foderà Serio, Giorgia; Chinnici, Ileana (January 1997). L'Osservatorio astronomico di Palermo: la storia e gli strumenti. Flaccovio, 1997. ISBN 8878041440.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileana_Chinnici","url_text":"Chinnici, Ileana"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8878041440","url_text":"8878041440"}]},{"reference":"\"Mummies in Palermo: a criminal biologist pictures in the darkest places in the world\". Retrieved 2017-06-12.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.kostenlose-fotos.eu/palermo.html","url_text":"\"Mummies in Palermo: a criminal biologist pictures in the darkest places in the world\""}]},{"reference":"Anita, McConnell (2013). \"Jesse Ramsden: the Craftsman who Believed that Big was Beautiful\". The Antiquarian Astronomer. 7. Society for the History of Astronomy: 41–53. Bibcode:2013AntAs...7...41M.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Antiquarian_Astronomer","url_text":"The Antiquarian Astronomer"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_the_History_of_Astronomy","url_text":"Society for the History of Astronomy"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AntAs...7...41M","url_text":"2013AntAs...7...41M"}]},{"reference":"Chinnici, Ileana (2009). \"The Relationship Between the Ramsden Circles at Palermo and Dunsink\". Journal for the History of Astronomy. 40 (3): 321–333. Bibcode:2009JHA....40..321C. doi:10.1177/002182860904000304. S2CID 120879418.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileana_Chinnici","url_text":"Chinnici, Ileana"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_for_the_History_of_Astronomy","url_text":"Journal for the History of Astronomy"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JHA....40..321C","url_text":"2009JHA....40..321C"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002182860904000304","url_text":"10.1177/002182860904000304"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:120879418","url_text":"120879418"}]},{"reference":"\"OAPa INAF Osservatorio Astronomico – \"Giuseppe Salvatore Vaiana\"\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.astropa.unipa.it/museo/elencodirett.htm","url_text":"\"OAPa INAF Osservatorio Astronomico – \"Giuseppe Salvatore Vaiana\"\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saurabh_Bhardwaj
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Saurabh Bhardwaj
|
["1 Early life and education","2 Political career","3 Positions held","4 References"]
|
Indian politician
Saurabh BharadwajCabinet Minister, Government of DelhiIncumbentAssumed office 9 March 2023Lieutenant GovernorVinai Kumar SaxenaChief MinisterArvind KejriwalMinistry and Departments
Home
Health
Power
Water
Industries
Urban development
Irrigation
Flood Control
Preceded bySatyendra Kumar JainIn office28 December 2013 – 14 February 2014Lieutenant GovernorNajeeb JungMinistry and Departments
Transport
Food & Supply
Environment
GAD
Preceded byRamakant GoswamiSucceeded byPresident's ruleMember of the Delhi Legislative AssemblyIncumbentAssumed office 14 February 2015Preceded byPresident's ruleIn office28 December 2013 – 14 February 2014Preceded byVijay Kumar MalhotraSucceeded byPresident's ruleConstituencyGreater KailashVice Chairman of Delhi Jal BoardIncumbentAssumed office 22 March 2022Preceded byRaghav Chadha
Personal detailsBorn (1979-12-12) 12 December 1979 (age 44)New Delhi, IndiaPolitical partyAam Aadmi PartySpouseShivani BharadwajResidenceNew DelhiAlma materBharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering, Osmania University, Jamia Millia Islamia
Saurabh Bharadwaj is an Indian politician from the Aam Aadmi Party, representing Greater Kailash constituency in the Delhi Legislative Assembly. He was the Chairman of the Delhi Jal Board and Minister of Health, Urban development and water since 9 March 2023. He was stripped of his positions on 8 August 2023 and his ministries were given to PWD chief Atishi. He is also the National Chief Spokesperson Of the Aam Aadmi Party.
Early life and education
Bharadwaj was born in New Delhi and completed his early schooling from the city. He graduated as a Computer Science Engineer from Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University in 2003. He has also completed a bachelor's degree in law from Osmania University in 2011. Before entering politics, Bhardwaj worked with Johnson Controls India, and his expertise was in microchips and coding. Bhardwaj started his career as a software engineer in Invensys.
Political career
Saurabh Bhardwaj won the Greater Kailash assembly constituency, defeating Ajay Kumar Malhotra, son of the senior Bharatiya Janata Party leader and incumbent Leader of Opposition V.K. Malhotra, by 13092 votes in the 2013 Delhi Assembly election. In 2015, the young AAP leader defeated Rakesh Guliya of BJP by 14,583 votes. Bhardwaj was a Cabinet Minister in the Arvind Kejriwal government during the 49-day tenure between 28 December 2013 and 14 February 2014.
Bhardwaj shot to fame on 9 May, when he claimed to hack a look-alike machine similar to EVM (Electronic voting machine) allegedly used by the Election Commission. The AAP used the hacking by Bhardwaj to substantiate its claims of EVM tampering during recent elections. The Election Commission later claimed that it cannot take responsibility for any machine that is not under its own security systems and rejected the hacking attempt by Bhardwaj.
Saurabh Bhardwaj has been appointed Chief Spokesperson for Delhi unit of AAP.
On 28 June 2017, Bhardwaj filed a complaint to the Assembly Speaker against Bharatiya Janata Party MLA Manjinder Singh Sirsa for accusing the Delhi Petitions Committee of allegedly blackmailing officials.
Positions held
Year
Description
2013 - 2014
Elected to 5th Delhi Assembly from Greater Kailash
Cabinet Minister for Transport, Food & Supply, Environment and GAD (28 December 2013 – 14 February 2014)
2015 - 2020
Elected to 6th Delhi Assembly from Greater Kailash
2020 - Till Date
Elected to 7th Delhi Assembly from Greater Kailash
Cabinet Minister for Home, Health, Power, Water, Industries, Urban development, Irrigation and Flood Control (9 March 2023 – Till Date)
References
^ "Saurabh Bhardwaj birth date | Who is Saurabh Bhardwaj | Saurabh Bhardwaj Biography".
^ "MEMBERS OF THE SIXTH ASSEMBLY". delhiassembly.nic.in. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
^ ADR. "Saurabh Bharadwaj(AAP):Constituency- GREATER KAILASH(NEW DELHI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate". myneta.info. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
^ "Meet Saurabh Bhardwaj, The AAP MLA who 'Proved' EVMs Could be Rigged". News18. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
^ "EVM tampering: This is how AAP MLA Saurabh Bharadwaj claimed any candidate can be made to win". The Indian Express. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
^ "Official Spokespersons". Aam Aadmi Party. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
^ "AAP MLA Saurabh Bhardwaj appointed chief spokesperson of Delhi unit". Hindustan Times. 15 May 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
^ "AAP lodges complaint with Delhi Assembly speaker against BJP MLA". india.com. 28 June 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
State Legislative Assembly
Preceded byVijay Kumar Malhotra
Member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly from Greater Kailash (Vidhan Sabha constituency) 2013, 2015, 2020 – present
Incumbent
Aam Aadmi Party political offices
Preceded by-
Chief Spokesperson May 2017 – present
Incumbent
vteAam Aadmi Party National posts
Convener: Arvind Kejriwal
Secretary: Pankaj Gupta
Treasurer: Narain Dass Gupta
Joint General Secretary: Ishudan Gadhvi
Political Affairs Committee
Arvind Kejriwal
Manish Sisodia
Sanjay Singh
Gopal Rai
Atishi
Durgesh Pathak
Imran Hussain
Raghav Chadha
Rakhi Bidlan
National Executive Committee
Arvind Kejriwal
Manish Sisodia
Bhagwant Mann
Sanjay Singh
Raghav Chadha
Narain Dass Gupta
Sushil Gupta
Ishudan Gadhvi
Gopal Rai
Satyendra Kumar Jain
Imran Hussain
Rajendra Pal Gautam
Rakhi Birla
Harpal Singh Cheema
Atishi
Dilip Pandey
Dinesh Mohaniya
Aman Arora
Saravjit Kaur Manuke
Prof. Baljinder Kaur
Venzy Viegas
Preeti Sharma Menon and others
Spokespersons
Saurabh Bhardwaj (Chief Spokesperson)
Sanjay Singh
Pankaj Gupta
Dilip Pandey
Bhagwant Mann
Preeti Sharma Menon
Prithvi Reddy
Nishikant Mohapatra
Raghav Chadha
Anjali Rai
State wings
Delhi
Gujarat
Goa
Himachal Pradesh
Haryana
Jammu and Kashmir
Madhya Pradesh
Punjab
Uttarakhand
Uttar Pradesh
Current chief ministers
Arvind Kejriwal
Bhagwant Mann
Current members of Parliament
Rajya Sabha
Political wings
Chhatra Yuva Sangharsh Samiti
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Aam Aadmi Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aam_Aadmi_Party"},{"link_name":"Greater Kailash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Kailash"},{"link_name":"Delhi Legislative Assembly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Legislative_Assembly"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Chairman of the Delhi Jal Board","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Jal_Board"},{"link_name":"Health, Urban development and water since","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Delhi"},{"link_name":"Aam Aadmi Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aam_Aadmi_Party"}],"text":"Saurabh Bharadwaj is an Indian politician from the Aam Aadmi Party, representing Greater Kailash constituency in the Delhi Legislative Assembly.[2] He was the Chairman of the Delhi Jal Board and Minister of Health, Urban development and water since 9 March 2023. He was stripped of his positions on 8 August 2023 and his ministries were given to PWD chief Atishi. He is also the National Chief Spokesperson Of the Aam Aadmi Party.","title":"Saurabh Bhardwaj"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh_Indraprastha_University"},{"link_name":"Osmania University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmania_University"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Bharadwaj was born in New Delhi and completed his early schooling from the city. He graduated as a Computer Science Engineer from Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University in 2003. He has also completed a bachelor's degree in law from Osmania University in 2011.[3] Before entering politics, Bhardwaj worked with Johnson Controls India, and his expertise was in microchips and coding. Bhardwaj started his career as a software engineer in Invensys.[4]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"V.K. Malhotra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijay_Kumar_Malhotra"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Spokesperson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokesperson"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Bharatiya Janata Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party"},{"link_name":"Manjinder Singh Sirsa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manjinder_Singh_Sirsa"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Saurabh Bhardwaj won the Greater Kailash assembly constituency, defeating Ajay Kumar Malhotra, son of the senior Bharatiya Janata Party leader and incumbent Leader of Opposition V.K. Malhotra, by 13092 votes in the 2013 Delhi Assembly election. In 2015, the young AAP leader defeated Rakesh Guliya of BJP by 14,583 votes. Bhardwaj was a Cabinet Minister in the Arvind Kejriwal government during the 49-day tenure between 28 December 2013 and 14 February 2014.Bhardwaj shot to fame on 9 May, when he claimed to hack a look-alike machine similar to EVM (Electronic voting machine) allegedly used by the Election Commission.[5] The AAP used the hacking by Bhardwaj to substantiate its claims of EVM tampering during recent elections. The Election Commission later claimed that it cannot take responsibility for any machine that is not under its own security systems and rejected the hacking attempt by Bhardwaj.Saurabh Bhardwaj has been appointed Chief Spokesperson for Delhi unit of AAP.[6][7]On 28 June 2017, Bhardwaj filed a complaint to the Assembly Speaker against Bharatiya Janata Party MLA Manjinder Singh Sirsa for accusing the Delhi Petitions Committee of allegedly blackmailing officials.[8]","title":"Political career"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Positions held"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Saurabh Bhardwaj birth date | Who is Saurabh Bhardwaj | Saurabh Bhardwaj Biography\".","urls":[{"url":"https://celebrity.astrosage.com/about-saurabh-bhardwaj-who-is-saurabh-bhardwaj.asp","url_text":"\"Saurabh Bhardwaj birth date | Who is Saurabh Bhardwaj | Saurabh Bhardwaj Biography\""}]},{"reference":"\"MEMBERS OF THE SIXTH ASSEMBLY\". delhiassembly.nic.in. Retrieved 17 May 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://delhiassembly.nic.in/aspfile/listmembers_VIth_Assembly.htm","url_text":"\"MEMBERS OF THE SIXTH ASSEMBLY\""}]},{"reference":"ADR. \"Saurabh Bharadwaj(AAP):Constituency- GREATER KAILASH(NEW DELHI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate\". myneta.info. Retrieved 17 May 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://myneta.info/delhi2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=403","url_text":"\"Saurabh Bharadwaj(AAP):Constituency- GREATER KAILASH(NEW DELHI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate\""}]},{"reference":"\"Meet Saurabh Bhardwaj, The AAP MLA who 'Proved' EVMs Could be Rigged\". News18. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.news18.com/news/politics/meet-saurabh-bhardwaj-the-man-who-proved-evms-could-be-rigged-1396569.html","url_text":"\"Meet Saurabh Bhardwaj, The AAP MLA who 'Proved' EVMs Could be Rigged\""}]},{"reference":"\"EVM tampering: This is how AAP MLA Saurabh Bharadwaj claimed any candidate can be made to win\". The Indian Express. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://indianexpress.com/article/india/delhi-assembly-evm-tampering-aam-aadmi-party-mla-saurabh-bharadwaj-4647731/","url_text":"\"EVM tampering: This is how AAP MLA Saurabh Bharadwaj claimed any candidate can be made to win\""}]},{"reference":"\"Official Spokespersons\". Aam Aadmi Party. Retrieved 17 May 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.aamaadmiparty.org/official-spokespersons","url_text":"\"Official Spokespersons\""}]},{"reference":"\"AAP MLA Saurabh Bhardwaj appointed chief spokesperson of Delhi unit\". Hindustan Times. 15 May 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/aap-mla-saurabh-bhardwaj-appointed-chief-spokesperson-of-delhi-unit/story-icOpDsV2wFCS9lpWGUJ3fI.html","url_text":"\"AAP MLA Saurabh Bhardwaj appointed chief spokesperson of Delhi unit\""}]},{"reference":"\"AAP lodges complaint with Delhi Assembly speaker against BJP MLA\". india.com. 28 June 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.india.com/news/agencies/aap-lodges-complaint-with-delhi-assembly-speaker-against-bjp-mla-2278547/","url_text":"\"AAP lodges complaint with Delhi Assembly speaker against BJP MLA\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://celebrity.astrosage.com/about-saurabh-bhardwaj-who-is-saurabh-bhardwaj.asp","external_links_name":"\"Saurabh Bhardwaj birth date | Who is Saurabh Bhardwaj | Saurabh Bhardwaj Biography\""},{"Link":"http://delhiassembly.nic.in/aspfile/listmembers_VIth_Assembly.htm","external_links_name":"\"MEMBERS OF THE SIXTH ASSEMBLY\""},{"Link":"http://myneta.info/delhi2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=403","external_links_name":"\"Saurabh Bharadwaj(AAP):Constituency- GREATER KAILASH(NEW DELHI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate\""},{"Link":"http://www.news18.com/news/politics/meet-saurabh-bhardwaj-the-man-who-proved-evms-could-be-rigged-1396569.html","external_links_name":"\"Meet Saurabh Bhardwaj, The AAP MLA who 'Proved' EVMs Could be Rigged\""},{"Link":"http://indianexpress.com/article/india/delhi-assembly-evm-tampering-aam-aadmi-party-mla-saurabh-bharadwaj-4647731/","external_links_name":"\"EVM tampering: This is how AAP MLA Saurabh Bharadwaj claimed any candidate can be made to win\""},{"Link":"http://www.aamaadmiparty.org/official-spokespersons","external_links_name":"\"Official Spokespersons\""},{"Link":"https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/aap-mla-saurabh-bhardwaj-appointed-chief-spokesperson-of-delhi-unit/story-icOpDsV2wFCS9lpWGUJ3fI.html","external_links_name":"\"AAP MLA Saurabh Bhardwaj appointed chief spokesperson of Delhi unit\""},{"Link":"https://www.india.com/news/agencies/aap-lodges-complaint-with-delhi-assembly-speaker-against-bjp-mla-2278547/","external_links_name":"\"AAP lodges complaint with Delhi Assembly speaker against BJP MLA\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Cosby_Talks_to_Kids_About_Drugs
|
Bill Cosby Talks to Kids About Drugs
|
["1 Track listing","2 References"]
|
1971 studio album by Bill Cosby The Cosby KidsBill Cosby Talks to Kids About DrugsStudio album by Bill Cosby The Cosby KidsReleasedNovember 10, 1971Recorded1971GenreChildrenLength32:33LabelUni/MCA RecordsBill Cosby The Cosby Kids chronology
Badfoot Brown & the Bunions Bradford Funeral & Marching Band(1971)
Bill Cosby Talks to Kids About Drugs(1971)
Bill Cosby Presents Badfoot Brown & the Bunions Bradford Funeral Marching Band(1972)
Bill Cosby Talks to Kids About Drugs (1971) is an album by Bill Cosby. Unlike most of his recordings, this is not a full-fledged comedy album, but rather a record intended for children to school them on the dangers of drugs through songs and dialogue. It won the Grammy Award in 1972 for Best Recording for Children.
Track listing
Introduction - Downers And Uppers
Questions and Answers
Dope Pusher
Bill Talks About Hard Drugs
I Found a Way Out
Order In The Classroom
People Make Mistakes
I Know I Can Handle It
Bill Talks About Pushers
Captain Junkie
Bill and the Kids Sing / Closing
References
^ "Bill Cosby's 1970s anti-drug album for kids: 'Say no to pills'". The Washington Post. 2015-07-23. Retrieved 2022-06-11.
vteBill CosbyFilmographyDiscographyIn advertisingList of awardsList of honorary degreesSexual assault casesComedy albums
Bill Cosby Is a Very Funny Fellow...Right! (1963)
I Started Out as a Child (1964)
Why Is There Air? (1965)
Wonderfulness (1966)
Revenge (1967)
To Russell, My Brother, Whom I Slept With (1968)
200 M.P.H. (1968)
It's True! It's True! (1969)
8:15 12:15 (1969)
Sports (1969)
Live: Madison Square Garden Center (1970)
When I Was a Kid (1971)
For Adults Only (1971)
Inside the Mind of Bill Cosby (1972)
Fat Albert (1973)
My Father Confused Me... What Must I Do? What Must I Do? (1977)
Bill's Best Friend (1978)
Bill Cosby: Himself (1982)
Those of You with or Without Children, You'll Understand (1986)
Oh, Baby! (1991)
Music albums
Silver Throat: Bill Cosby Sings (1967)
Bill Cosby Sings Hooray for the Salvation Army Band! (1968)
Badfoot Brown & the Bunions Bradford Funeral & Marching Band (1971)
Bill Cosby Talks to Kids About Drugs (1971)
Bill Cosby Presents Badfoot Brown & the Bunions Bradford Funeral Marching Band (1972)
At Last Bill Cosby Really Sings (1974)
Bill Cosby Is Not Himself These Days (1976)
Disco Bill (1977)
State of Emergency (2009)
Compilations
The Best of Bill Cosby (1969)
More of the Best of Bill Cosby (1970)
Bill (1973)
Down Under (1975)
Singles
"Little Ole Man (Uptight, Everything's Alright)" (1967)
Television
The Bill Cosby Show (1969–71)
The New Bill Cosby Show (1972-73)
Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids (1972–85)
Cos (1976)
The Cosby Show (1984–92)
A Different World (1987–93)
The Cosby Mysteries (1994–95)
Cosby (1996–2000)
Little Bill (1999–2004)
Fatherhood (2004–05)
Stand-up comedyfilms and specials
Himself (1983)
Bill Cosby 77 (unreleased)
Family
Camille Cosby
Ennis Cosby
Erika Cosby
Related articles
Fatherhood (1986)
Pound Cake speech (2004)
Tetragrammaton Records
Collection of African-American art
Andrea Constand lawsuit
Trial
We Need to Talk About Cosby (2022)
vteGrammy Award for Best Children's Music Album1958−1974
"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)" – Ross Bagdasarian Sr. (1958)
Peter and the Wolf – Peter Ustinov (1959)
Let's All Sing with The Chipmunks – Ross Bagdasarian Sr. (1960)
Prokofiev: Peter and The Wolf – Leonard Bernstein (1961)
Saint-Saëns: Carnival of the Animals/Britten: Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra – Leonard Bernstein (1962)
Bernstein Conducts for Young People – Leonard Bernstein (1963)
Mary Poppins: Original Cast Soundtrack – Dick Van Dyke & Julie Andrews (1964)
Dr. Seuss Presents: "Fox in Sox" and "Green Eggs and Ham" – Marvin Miller (1965)
Dr. Seuss Presents - "If I Ran the Zoo" and "Sleep Book" – Marvin Miller (1966)
Dr. Seuss: How The Grinch Stole Christmas – Boris Karloff (1967)
No Award (1968)
Peter, Paul and Mommy – Peter, Paul and Mary (1969)
Sesame Street – Joan Cooney & Thomas Z. Shepard (producers) (1970)
Bill Cosby Talks to Kids About Drugs – Bill Cosby (1971)
The Electric Company – Bill Cosby & Rita Moreno (1972)
Sesame Street Live! – Joe Raposo (producer) (1973)
Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too – Paul Winchell, Sebastian Cabot & Sterling Holloway (1974)
1975−1992
The Little Prince – Richard Burton (1975)
Prokofiev: Peter and the Wolf / Saint-Saëns: "Carnival of the Animals" – Hermione Gingold & Karl Böhm (1976)
Aren't You Glad You're You – Christopher Cerf & Jim Timmens (producers) (1977)
The Muppet Show – Jim Henson (producer) (1978)
The Muppet Movie – Jim Henson & Paul Williams (producers) (1979)
In Harmony: A Sesame Street Record – David Levine & Lucy Simon (producers) (1980)
Sesame Country – Jim Henson & Dennis Scott (producers) (1981)
In Harmony 2 – David Levine & Lucy Simon (producers) (1982)
E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial – Michael Jackson and Quincy Jones (producer) (1983)
Where the Sidewalk Ends – Shel Silverstein and Ron Haffkine (producer) (1984)
Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird – Jim Henson & Steve Buckingham (producers) (1985)
The Alphabet – Jim Henson, Geri Van Rees & Kathryn King (producers) (1986)
The Elephant's Child – Bobby McFerrin & Jack Nicholson (1987)
Pecos Bill – Robin Williams and Ry Cooder (1988)
The Rock-A-Bye Collection, Volume 1 – Tanya Goodman (1989)
The Little Mermaid: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack – Alan Menken & Howard Ashman (songwriters) (1990)
A Cappella Kids – Clifford "Barney" Robertson (producer) (1991)
Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack – Alan Menken & Howard Ashman (songwriters) (1992)
2011−present
All About Bullies... Big and Small – Gloria Domina, James Cravero, Kevin Mackie, Patrick Robinson & Steve Pullara (producers) (2011)
Can You Canoe? – The Okee Dokee Brothers (2012)
Throw a Penny in the Wishing Well – Jennifer Gasoi (2013)
I Am Malala: How One Girl Stood Up for Education and Changed the World – Neela Vaswani (2014)
Home – Tim Kubart (2015)
Infinity Plus One – Secret Agent 23 Skidoo (2016)
Feel What U Feel – Lisa Loeb (2017)
All the Sounds – Lucy Kalantari & The Jazz Cats (2018)
Ageless Songs for the Child Archetype – Jon Samson (2019)
All the Ladies – Joanie Leeds (2020)
A Colorful World − Falu (2021)
The Movement – Alphabet Rockers (2022)
We Grow Together Preschool Songs – 123 Andrés (2023)
From 1993–2010, the category was split into Best Musical Album for Children and Best Spoken Word Album for Children.
Authority control databases
MusicBrainz release group
This children's music album-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This 1970s album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Bill Cosby's 1970s anti-drug album for kids: 'Say no to pills'\". The Washington Post. 2015-07-23. Retrieved 2022-06-11.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/07/23/bill-cosbys-1970s-anti-drug-album-for-kids-say-no-to-pills/","url_text":"\"Bill Cosby's 1970s anti-drug album for kids: 'Say no to pills'\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/07/23/bill-cosbys-1970s-anti-drug-album-for-kids-say-no-to-pills/","external_links_name":"\"Bill Cosby's 1970s anti-drug album for kids: 'Say no to pills'\""},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/release-group/4e392332-ec55-36bd-8a04-620b1f341750","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz release group"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cosby_Talks_to_Kids_About_Drugs&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cosby_Talks_to_Kids_About_Drugs&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting
|
2013 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
|
["1 BBWAA election","2 Pre-integration Committee","3 J. G. Taylor Spink Award","4 Ford C. Frick Award","5 Notes and references","6 External links"]
|
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame
2013 Baseball Hall of Fame ballotingNew inductees3via Pre-Integration Era Committee3Total inductees300Induction dateJuly 28, 2013← 20122014 →
L-R: Deacon White, Hank O'Day, and Jacob Ruppert were elected by the Pre-Integration Era Committee.
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 2013 took place according to rules most recently revised in July 2010. As in the past, the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from a ballot of recently retired players, with results announced on January 9, 2013. The Pre-Integration Era Committee, the last of three new voting committees established during the July 2010 rules change to replace the more broadly defined Veterans Committee, convened early in December 2012 to select from a ballot of players and non-playing personnel who made their greatest contributions to the sport prior to 1947, called the "Pre-Integration Era" by the Hall of Fame.
For the first time since 1996, and just the third time since 1960, the BBWAA election resulted in no selections. As the ballot featured numerous strong candidates, the result was widely viewed as a reflection of the deep controversy over players who were primarily active during a period when the sport was riddled with rumored use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), and candidates appeared to have suffered in the voting regardless of whether they had been closely tied to any such rumors. The controversy's first major impact on the Hall of Fame ballot was seen in 2007, and the arrival in future years of additional candidates with either alleged or actual links to PED use suggested that the issue would be significant in Hall voting for at least several more years.
For the first time since 1965, there were no living inductees. The induction class of 2013 consisted of the three deceased individuals elected by the new Pre-Integration Era Committee: player Deacon White, umpire Hank O'Day, and executive Jacob Ruppert, all of whom died in the 1930s. As was the case following the 1965 election–which also resulted only in the induction of a member deceased for over 60 years, and led to the resumption of annual BBWAA elections–the voting results led to calls for revision of the voting rules.
The induction ceremonies were held on July 28, 2013, at the Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York. On July 27, the Hall of Fame presented two annual awards for media excellence—its own Ford C. Frick Award for broadcasters and the BBWAA's J. G. Taylor Spink Award for writers, and also honored sports medicine pioneer Dr. Frank Jobe and filmmaker Thomas Tull, producer of the 2013 film 42.
BBWAA election
The BBWAA ballot was announced on November 28, 2012. The BBWAA was authorized to elect players active in 1993 or later, but not after 2007; the ballot included candidates from the 2012 ballot who received at least 5% of the vote but were not elected, along with selected players, chosen by a screening committee, whose last appearance was in 2007. All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to vote, and had until December 31, 2012, to return their ballots to the Hall.
There were 37 candidates on the ballot, 13 who last played from 1993 to 2006 and received at least 5% support in the 2012 election plus 24 first-time candidates (†). Voters were instructed to support as many as ten candidates; write-in votes were not permitted.
Results of the 2013 election by the BBWAA were announced on January 9, live on the MLB Network and streamed on the Hall's website. A total of 569 ballots were cast, with 427 votes required for election. A total of 3,756 individual votes were cast, an average of 6.6 per ballot- the highest per-ballot average since 2003 (also 6.6), and the first average of over six per ballot since 2007 (6.58). The 24 first-time candidates (†) last played during the 2007 major league season. Eighteen received less than 5% support (*) and were thus eliminated from BBWAA consideration; six newcomers scored 5% support or more, the largest number since 1994.
No player received the 75% support needed for election, the first such shutout since 1996 and only the eighth in history.
Dale Murphy was on the ballot for the 15th and final time.
Player
Votes
Percent
Change
Year
†Craig Biggio
388
68.2%
–
1st
Jack Morris
385
67.7%
01.1%
14th
Jeff Bagwell
339
59.6%
03.6%
3rd
†Mike Piazza
329
57.8%
–
1st
Tim Raines
297
52.2%
04.5%
6th
Lee Smith
272
47.8%
02.8%
11th
†Curt Schilling
221
38.8%
–
1st
†Roger Clemens
214
37.6%
–
1st
†Barry Bonds
206
36.2%
–
1st
Edgar Martínez
204
35.9%
00.6%
4th
Alan Trammell
191
33.6%
03.2%
12th
Larry Walker
123
21.6%
01.3%
3rd
Fred McGriff
118
20.7%
03.2%
4th
Dale Murphy
106
18.6%
04.1%
15th
Mark McGwire
96
16.9%
02.6%
7th
Don Mattingly
75
13.2%
04.6%
13th
†Sammy Sosa
71
12.5%
–
1st
Rafael Palmeiro
50
8.8%
03.8%
3rd
Bernie Williams*
19
3.3%
06.3%
2nd
†Kenny Lofton*
18
3.2%
–
1st
†Sandy Alomar Jr.*
16
2.8%
–
1st
†Julio Franco*
6
1.1%
–
1st
†David Wells*
5
0.9%
–
1st
†Steve Finley*
4
0.7%
–
1st
†Shawn Green*
2
0.4%
–
1st
†Aaron Sele*
1
0.2%
–
1st
†Jeff Cirillo*
0
0.0%
–
1st
†Royce Clayton*
0
0.0%
–
1st
†Jeff Conine*
0
0.0%
–
1st
†Roberto Hernández*
0
0.0%
–
1st
†Ryan Klesko*
0
0.0%
–
1st
†José Mesa*
0
0.0%
–
1st
†Reggie Sanders*
0
0.0%
–
1st
†Mike Stanton*
0
0.0%
–
1st
†Todd Walker*
0
0.0%
–
1st
†Rondell White*
0
0.0%
–
1st
†Woody Williams*
0
0.0%
–
1st
Key
†
First time on the BBWAA ballot.
Hall of Fame member elected on this ballot (named in bold italics).
Hall of Fame member elected subsequently to 2024 (named in plain italics).
Renominated for the 2014 BBWAA election by adequate performance on this ballot. Not elected to 2024.
Eliminated from annual BBWAA consideration by poor performance or expiration on this ballot. Not elected to 2024.
*
Eliminated from annual BBWAA consideration by poor performance or expiration on this ballot.
The newly eligible candidates included 29 All-Stars, seven of whom were not on the ballot, representing a total of 104 All-Star selections, a record, and over three times the number of 2012's class (33 All-Star selections among newly eligible candidates); until this year, only the class of 2007 had ever breached 100 selections (103). Among the candidates were 14-time All-Star, 7-time MVP and holder of both the single-season (73) and career (762) home run records Barry Bonds; 12-time All-Star Mike Piazza; 11-time All-Star and 7-time Cy Young Award winner Roger Clemens; 7-time All-Stars Craig Biggio and Sammy Sosa; and 6-time All-Stars Sandy Alomar Jr., Kenny Lofton and Curt Schilling. The field included two Rookies of the Year, both catchers (Alomar and Piazza), three MVPs (in addition to Bonds' seven, Clemens and Sosa each won one apiece) and a Cy Young Award winner (Clemens). Bonds and Clemens, with seven apiece, hold the records for MVPs and Cy Young Awards won, respectively. The field included two candidates with at least five Gold Glove Awards: Bonds (seven in left field) and Steve Finley (five in center). It also included five candidates with at least five Silver Slugger Awards: Bonds (twelve in left field), Piazza (ten at catcher), Sosa (six in right field), Biggio (five total- four at second base and one at catcher) and Julio Franco (five total- four at second base and one at DH). Bonds holds the record for Silver Sluggers in the outfield, while Piazza holds the record at catcher.
As in recent years, the controversy over use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) dominated the elections. ESPN.com columnist Jim Caple noted in the days before the announcement of the 2012 results that the PED issue, combined with the BBWAA's limit of 10 votes per ballot, was likely to result in a major backlog in upcoming elections:
Due to the steroid issue and a general lack of consensus, the following players will probably be on the ballot in three years: Barry Bonds, Roger Clemens, Pedro Martínez, Randy Johnson, Sammy Sosa, Jeff Bagwell, John Smoltz, Edgar Martínez, Mark McGwire, Mike Mussina, Jeff Kent, Larry Walker, Alan Trammell, Fred McGriff, Rafael Palmeiro, Lee Smith, Tim Raines, Gary Sheffield, Mike Piazza, Curt Schilling and, of course, Bernie . That's 21 players who warrant serious consideration. And that's not counting Barry Larkin, who might be elected this year, and also assuming Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine, Craig Biggio and Frank Thomas make it their first years on the ballot. Finding room for Bonds, Clemens, Pedro, Johnson and others means I'll have to dump more good players from my ballot than the Marlins dumped after winning the 1997 World Series.
Another ESPN.com writer, Tim Kurkjian, added that the 2013 ballot would include several new candidates who either tested positive or were strongly linked to PEDs:
The next Hall of Fame ballot will include Barry Bonds, Roger Clemens, Sammy Sosa, Mike Piazza, Curt Schilling, Craig Biggio, and Kenny Lofton. They all have Hall of Fame numbers, some stronger than others, but Bonds, Clemens, Sosa and Piazza certainly are not going to be elected on the first ballot — and in the case of Bonds, Clemens and Sosa, they might not make it to Cooperstown for many, many years to come.
Several other players returning from the 2012 ballot with otherwise strong Hall credentials have been linked to PEDs, among them Mark McGwire (who admitted to long-term steroid use in 2010), Jeff Bagwell (who never tested positive, but was the subject of PED rumors during his career), and Rafael Palmeiro (who tested positive for stanozolol shortly after publicly denying that he had ever used steroids).
Players who were eligible for the first time who were not included on the ballot were: Antonio Alfonseca, Tony Batista, Mark Bellhorn, Hector Carrasco, Alberto Castillo, Rhéal Cormier, Juan Encarnación, Robert Fick, Steve Kline, Ricky Ledée, Mike Lieberthal, John Mabry, Tom Martin, Damian Miller, Doug Mirabelli, Mike Myers, Orlando Palmeiro, Neifi Pérez, Desi Relaford, Paul Shuey, Scott Spiezio, Kelly Stinnett, John Thomson, José Valentín, John Wasdin, Rick White, Bob Wickman, Preston Wilson, Jay Witasick, and Jaret Wright.
Pre-integration Committee
In keeping with the new voting procedure by eras, the BBWAA-appointed Historical Overview Committee, made up of 11 BBWAA members, identified ten Pre-Integration candidates who were judged to have made their greatest contributions prior to 1947. Along with the era, these rules defined the consideration set:
Players who played in at least 10 major league seasons, who are not on Major League Baseball's ineligible list (e.g., Shoeless Joe Jackson), and have been retired for 21 or more seasons.
Managers and umpires with 10 or more years in baseball and retired for at least five years. Candidates who are 65 years or older are eligible six years following retirement.
Executives retired for at least five years. Active executives 65 years or older are eligible for consideration.
However, due to the passage of time, the only listed criteria that materially restricted the field from which the candidates were selected were years of service and presence on baseball's ineligible list.
The eleven BBWAA-appointed Historical Overview Committee members were Dave Van Dyck (Chicago Tribune); Bob Elliott (Toronto Sun); Rick Hummel (St. Louis Post-Dispatch); Steve Hirdt (Elias Sports Bureau); Bill Madden (New York Daily News); Ken Nigro (formerly The Baltimore Sun); Jack O'Connell (BBWAA secretary/treasurer); Tracy Ringolsby (Root Sports Rocky Mountain/MLB.com); Glenn Schwarz (formerly San Francisco Chronicle); Claire Smith (ESPN); and Mark Whicker (Orange County Register).
The Pre-Integration ballot for election by the Pre-integration Committee was released on November 1, 2012, and the Hall of Fame announced the results on December 3.
Candidate
Category
Votes
Percent
Ref
Hank O'Day
Umpire
15
93.8
Jacob Ruppert
Executive
15
93.8
Deacon White
Player
14
87.5
Bill Dahlen
Player
10
62.5
Samuel Breadon
Executive
3 or less
< 25%
Wes Ferrell
Player
3 or less
< 25%
Marty Marion
Player
3 or less
< 25%
Tony Mullane
Player
3 or less
< 25%
Al Reach
Executive
3 or less
< 25%
Bucky Walters
Player
3 or less
< 25%
The Pre-Integration Committee's 16-member voting electorate, appointed by the Hall of Fame's Board of Directors, was announced at the same time as the ballot of 10 candidates:
Hall of Famers: Bert Blyleven, Pat Gillick, Phil Niekro, Don Sutton
Executives: Bill DeWitt, Roland Hemond, Gary Hughes, Bob Watson
Media and historians: Jim Henneman, Steve Hirdt, Peter Morris, Phil Pepe, Tom Simon, Claire Smith, T.R. Sullivan, Mark Whicker
The Pre-Integration Committee which elected three candidates to the Hall of Fame at the 2012 winter meetings in Nashville on December 2–3, with 75% or 12 of 16 votes required for election, convened at the July 28, 2013 induction. Ruppert, O'Day and White were elected. Dahlen received 10 of 16 votes, the highest total of anyone not elected; no one else received more than three votes.
J. G. Taylor Spink Award
The J. G. Taylor Spink Award has been presented by the BBWAA at the annual summer induction ceremonies since 1962. Through 2010, it was awarded during the main induction ceremony, but is now given the previous day at the Hall of Fame Awards Presentation. It recognizes a sportswriter "for meritorious contributions to baseball writing". The recipients are not members of the Hall of Fame but are featured in a permanent exhibit at the National Baseball Museum.
The three nominees for the 2013 award were selected by a BBWAA committee and announced on July 10, 2012, at the BBWAA's annual All-Star Game meeting. They were Paul Hagen of MLB.com; Jim Hawkins, formerly of the Detroit Free Press; and Russell Schneider, formerly of The Plain Dealer of Cleveland. It was the second consecutive nomination for both Hagen and Schneider.
Following the announcement of the nominees, the entire BBWAA membership voted in fall 2012 to determine the recipient. Under BBWAA rules, the winner was to be announced either during the 2012 World Series or at the 2012 winter meetings; in keeping with the practice of recent years, the announcement was made at the winter meetings.
On December 4, Hagen was announced as the recipient, having received 269 of the 421 possible votes (including five blank ballots). Hawkins received 87 votes and Schneider 60. Hagen began his career in 1974 with the San Bernardino Sun, covering the Los Angeles Dodgers. He moved in 1977 to Dallas–Fort Worth, covering the Texas Rangers first for the Dallas Times Herald and later the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. From there, he moved to Philadelphia in 1987, covering the Phillies for the Philadelphia Daily News before becoming that paper's national baseball columnist in 2002. After a 25-year career at the Daily News, he joined MLB.com in 2012.
Ford C. Frick Award
The Ford C. Frick Award, honoring excellence in baseball broadcasting, has been presented at the induction ceremonies since 1978. Through 2010, it had been presented at the main induction ceremony, but is now awarded at the Awards Presentation. Recipients are not members of the Hall of Fame but are permanently recognized in an exhibit at the museum. To be eligible, an active or retired broadcaster must have a minimum of 10 years of continuous major league broadcast service with a ball club, a network, or a combination of the two. The honor is based on four criteria: longevity; continuity with a club; honors, including national assignments such as the World Series and All-Star Games; and popularity with fans. The recipient was announced on during the 2012 winter meetings, following a vote by the same committee that selected seven of the finalists (below).
Ten finalists were announced on October 9, 2012. In accord with guidelines established in 2003, seven were chosen by a committee composed of the living recipients along with broadcasting historians and columnists. Three were selected from a list of candidates by fan voting at the Hall's Facebook page from August 20 to September 7.
Committee selections:
Ken Coleman
John Gordon
Graham McNamee
Eric Nadel
Eduardo Ortega
Mike Shannon
Dewayne Staats
Fan selections:
Tom Cheek
Jacques Doucet
Bill King
Six candidates were living when the ballot was announced—the active Doucet, Nadel, Ortega, Shannon, and Staats; and the retired Gordon.
On December 5, Cheek, the lead radio play-by-play announcer for the Toronto Blue Jays from the team's establishment in 1977 until his retirement in 2004, was named the recipient. During this tenure he had a 27-year streak of 4,306 consecutive games plus 41 post-season games called, which lasted from the first ever Blue Jays game on April 7, 1977, to June 3, 2004, when he traveled to Salinas, California, for his father's funeral. Cheek was forced to retire shortly after the funeral when he discovered he had a brain tumor, and he died in 2005. The 2013 balloting marked the ninth consecutive year that Cheek had been named among the 10 finalists for the award.
Cheek became the second Frick Award recipient to have worked primarily for a Canadian team, after 2011 honoree Dave Van Horne; the award was his third for broadcasting excellence from a sports hall of fame. In 2001, while active with the Blue Jays, he received the Jack Graney Award, given irregularly for excellence in either writing or broadcasting, from the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame. Just before his death in 2005, Canada's Sports Hall of Fame created the Tom Cheek Media Leadership Award, with Cheek as its first recipient.
Notes and references
^ "Hall of Fame Board of Directors Restructures Procedures for Consideration of Managers, Umpires, Executives and Long-Retired Players" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. July 26, 2010. Archived from the original on 14 December 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
^ a b c d "Rules for Election for Managers, Umpires, Executives and Players for Pre-Integration Era Candidates to the National Baseball Hall of Fame". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Archived from the original on November 25, 2011. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
^ a b "No players elected by writers". ESPN.com. January 9, 2013. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
^ Clayton, Mark (2006-11-30). "Mark McGwire, steroids, and the Hall of Fame". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 4 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-06.
^ Perry, Dayn (January 9, 2013). "Hall of Fame voters elect ... no one". Eye on Baseball. CBSSports.com. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Hank O'Day, Jacob Ruppert, Deacon White Elected to National Baseball Hall of Fame by Pre-Integration Committee" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. December 3, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
^ a b Kepner, Tyler (January 9, 2013). "Voters Shut Out Hall of Fame Candidates". The New York Times. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
^ Passan, Jeff (January 9, 2013). "Scrubbing of character clause among first reforms Hall of Fame needs to remain relevant". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
^ "Hall of Fame Introduces Saturday Awards Presentation to Induction Weekend Lineup" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. December 14, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
^ Noble, Marty (July 27, 2013). "Jobe, Tull recognized for service to baseball". MLB.com. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
^ a b c "Big Names, Biggest Honor" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. November 28, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
^ Caple, Jim (December 22, 2010). "The Hall of Fame ballot runneth over". ESPN.com. Page 2. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
^ a b Caple, Jim (January 4, 2012). "Too many good Hall candidates for limit". Page 2. ESPN.com. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
^ Kurkjian, Tim (January 9, 2012). "Whopper of a list of names await in 2013". ESPN.com. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
^ "McGwire apologizes to La Russa, Selig". ESPN.com. January 12, 2010. Archived from the original on 2 January 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
^ Crasnick, Jerry (December 29, 2010). "Jeff Bagwell tires of steroids talk". ESPN.com. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
^ Kurkjian, Tim (December 28, 2010). "Controversy follows Rafael Palmeiro". ESPN The Magazine. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
^ "Future Eligibles". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Archived from the original on 14 December 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
^ a b c "Ten Finalists Named for Pre-Integration Era Ballot For Hall of Fame Consideration in 2013" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. November 1, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
^ Walker, B. (December 3, 2012). "Ruppert, O'Day, White elected to baseball Hall". AP. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
^ "J.G. Taylor Spink Award". baseball-almanac.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-20.
^ Baseball Writers' Association of America (2009-12-08). "BBWAA Announces Bill Madden as 2010 Spink Award Winner". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2009-12-14.
^ a b c Bloom, Barry M. (July 10, 2012). "MLB.com's Hagen nominated for Spink Award". MLB.com. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
^ a b c "Paul Hagen Wins Spink Award" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. December 4, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2012.
^ "Ford Frick Award". baseball-almanac.com. Retrieved 2010-07-20.
^ a b c "2013 Ford C. Frick Award Ballot Finalized" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
^ "Voting to Determine Fan Selections for 2013 Frick Award Ballot Begins Monday" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. August 15, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
^ a b c "Tom Cheek Named 2013 Ford C. Frick Award Winner for Broadcasting Excellence" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. December 5, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
^ "Tom Cheek a Finalist for Hall of Fame". CBC.ca. December 5, 2006. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
^ "Author W. P. Kinsella Named Jack Graney Award Winner" (Press release). The Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame & Museum. December 21, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
External links
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|
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Frick Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_C._Frick_Award"},{"link_name":"J. G. Taylor Spink Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._G._Taylor_Spink_Award"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Dr. Frank Jobe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Jobe"},{"link_name":"Thomas Tull","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Tull"},{"link_name":"42","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42_(film)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"L-R: Deacon White, Hank O'Day, and Jacob Ruppert were elected by the Pre-Integration Era Committee.Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 2013 took place according to rules most recently revised in July 2010. As in the past, the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from a ballot of recently retired players, with results announced on January 9, 2013. The Pre-Integration Era Committee, the last of three new voting committees established during the July 2010 rules change to replace the more broadly defined Veterans Committee, convened early in December 2012 to select from a ballot of players and non-playing personnel who made their greatest contributions to the sport prior to 1947, called the \"Pre-Integration Era\" by the Hall of Fame.[1][2]For the first time since 1996, and just the third time since 1960, the BBWAA election resulted in no selections.[3] As the ballot featured numerous strong candidates, the result was widely viewed as a reflection of the deep controversy over players who were primarily active during a period when the sport was riddled with rumored use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), and candidates appeared to have suffered in the voting regardless of whether they had been closely tied to any such rumors. The controversy's first major impact on the Hall of Fame ballot was seen in 2007,[4] and the arrival in future years of additional candidates with either alleged or actual links to PED use suggested that the issue would be significant in Hall voting for at least several more years.For the first time since 1965, there were no living inductees.[5] The induction class of 2013 consisted of the three deceased individuals elected by the new Pre-Integration Era Committee: player Deacon White, umpire Hank O'Day, and executive Jacob Ruppert,[6] all of whom died in the 1930s.[7] As was the case following the 1965 election–which also resulted only in the induction of a member deceased for over 60 years, and led to the resumption of annual BBWAA elections–the voting results led to calls for revision of the voting rules.[8]The induction ceremonies were held on July 28, 2013, at the Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York.[2] On July 27, the Hall of Fame presented two annual awards for media excellence—its own Ford C. Frick Award for broadcasters and the BBWAA's J. G. Taylor Spink Award for writers,[9] and also honored sports medicine pioneer Dr. Frank Jobe and filmmaker Thomas Tull, producer of the 2013 film 42.[10]","title":"2013 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_ballot-11"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_ballot-11"},{"link_name":"2012 election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting,_2012#BBWAA_election"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_ballot-11"},{"link_name":"MLB Network","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLB_Network"},{"link_name":"Dale Murphy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Murphy"},{"link_name":"Craig Biggio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Biggio"},{"link_name":"Jack Morris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Morris"},{"link_name":"Jeff Bagwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Bagwell"},{"link_name":"Mike Piazza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Piazza"},{"link_name":"Tim Raines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Raines"},{"link_name":"Lee Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Smith_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Curt Schilling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curt_Schilling"},{"link_name":"Roger Clemens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Clemens"},{"link_name":"Barry Bonds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Bonds"},{"link_name":"Edgar Martínez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Mart%C3%ADnez"},{"link_name":"Alan Trammell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Trammell"},{"link_name":"Larry Walker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Walker"},{"link_name":"Fred McGriff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_McGriff"},{"link_name":"Dale Murphy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Murphy"},{"link_name":"Mark McGwire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_McGwire"},{"link_name":"Don Mattingly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Mattingly"},{"link_name":"Sammy Sosa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammy_Sosa"},{"link_name":"Rafael Palmeiro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Palmeiro"},{"link_name":"Bernie Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Williams"},{"link_name":"Kenny Lofton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Lofton"},{"link_name":"Sandy Alomar Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Alomar_Jr."},{"link_name":"Julio Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Franco"},{"link_name":"David Wells","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wells"},{"link_name":"Steve Finley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Finley"},{"link_name":"Shawn Green","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawn_Green"},{"link_name":"Aaron Sele","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Sele"},{"link_name":"Jeff Cirillo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Cirillo"},{"link_name":"Royce Clayton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royce_Clayton"},{"link_name":"Jeff Conine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Conine"},{"link_name":"Roberto Hernández","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Hern%C3%A1ndez_(baseball,_born_1964)"},{"link_name":"Ryan Klesko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Klesko"},{"link_name":"José Mesa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mesa"},{"link_name":"Reggie Sanders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggie_Sanders"},{"link_name":"Mike Stanton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Stanton_(left-handed_pitcher)"},{"link_name":"Todd Walker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Walker"},{"link_name":"Rondell White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rondell_White"},{"link_name":"Woody Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_Williams"},{"link_name":"2014 BBWAA election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting,_2014"},{"link_name":"Barry Bonds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Bonds"},{"link_name":"Mike Piazza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Piazza"},{"link_name":"Cy Young Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cy_Young_Award"},{"link_name":"Roger Clemens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Clemens"},{"link_name":"Craig Biggio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Biggio"},{"link_name":"Sammy Sosa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammy_Sosa"},{"link_name":"Sandy Alomar Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Alomar_Jr."},{"link_name":"Kenny Lofton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Lofton"},{"link_name":"Curt Schilling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curt_Schilling"},{"link_name":"Steve Finley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Finley"},{"link_name":"Julio Franco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Franco"},{"link_name":"use of performance-enhancing drugs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banned_substances_in_baseball_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ESPN_2013-01-09-3"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kepner-7"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Caple_ballot-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Caple_2012-13"},{"link_name":"Jim Caple","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Caple"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Caple_2012-13"},{"link_name":"Barry Bonds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Bonds"},{"link_name":"Roger Clemens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Clemens"},{"link_name":"Pedro Martínez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Mart%C3%ADnez"},{"link_name":"Randy Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Johnson"},{"link_name":"Sammy Sosa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammy_Sosa"},{"link_name":"John Smoltz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Smoltz"},{"link_name":"Mike Mussina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Mussina"},{"link_name":"Jeff Kent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Kent"},{"link_name":"Gary Sheffield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Sheffield"},{"link_name":"Mike Piazza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Piazza"},{"link_name":"Curt Schilling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curt_Schilling"},{"link_name":"Barry Larkin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Larkin"},{"link_name":"Greg Maddux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Maddux"},{"link_name":"Tom Glavine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Glavine"},{"link_name":"Craig Biggio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Biggio"},{"link_name":"Frank Thomas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Thomas_(designated_hitter)"},{"link_name":"Marlins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_Marlins"},{"link_name":"1997 World Series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_World_Series"},{"link_name":"Tim Kurkjian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Kurkjian"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kurkjian-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Rafael Palmeiro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Palmeiro"},{"link_name":"stanozolol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanozolol"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Antonio Alfonseca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Alfonseca"},{"link_name":"Tony Batista","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Batista"},{"link_name":"Mark Bellhorn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Bellhorn"},{"link_name":"Hector Carrasco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hector_Carrasco"},{"link_name":"Alberto Castillo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Castillo_(catcher)"},{"link_name":"Rhéal Cormier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rh%C3%A9al_Cormier"},{"link_name":"Juan Encarnación","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Encarnaci%C3%B3n"},{"link_name":"Robert Fick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fick"},{"link_name":"Steve Kline","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Kline_(left-handed_pitcher)"},{"link_name":"Ricky Ledée","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky_Led%C3%A9e"},{"link_name":"Mike Lieberthal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Lieberthal"},{"link_name":"John Mabry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mabry"},{"link_name":"Tom Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Martin_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Damian Miller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damian_Miller"},{"link_name":"Doug Mirabelli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Mirabelli"},{"link_name":"Mike Myers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Myers_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Orlando Palmeiro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Palmeiro"},{"link_name":"Neifi Pérez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neifi_P%C3%A9rez"},{"link_name":"Desi Relaford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desi_Relaford"},{"link_name":"Paul Shuey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Shuey"},{"link_name":"Scott Spiezio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Spiezio"},{"link_name":"Kelly Stinnett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Stinnett"},{"link_name":"John Thomson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Thomson_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"José Valentín","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Valent%C3%ADn"},{"link_name":"John Wasdin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wasdin"},{"link_name":"Rick White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_White_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Bob Wickman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Wickman"},{"link_name":"Preston Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preston_Wilson"},{"link_name":"Jay Witasick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Witasick"},{"link_name":"Jaret Wright","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaret_Wright"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Future_eligibles-18"}],"text":"The BBWAA ballot was announced on November 28, 2012.[11] The BBWAA was authorized to elect players active in 1993 or later, but not after 2007; the ballot included candidates from the 2012 ballot who received at least 5% of the vote but were not elected, along with selected players, chosen by a screening committee, whose last appearance was in 2007. All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to vote, and had until December 31, 2012, to return their ballots to the Hall.[11]There were 37 candidates on the ballot, 13 who last played from 1993 to 2006 and received at least 5% support in the 2012 election plus 24 first-time candidates (†).[11] Voters were instructed to support as many as ten candidates; write-in votes were not permitted.Results of the 2013 election by the BBWAA were announced on January 9, live on the MLB Network and streamed on the Hall's website. A total of 569 ballots were cast, with 427 votes required for election. A total of 3,756 individual votes were cast, an average of 6.6 per ballot- the highest per-ballot average since 2003 (also 6.6), and the first average of over six per ballot since 2007 (6.58). The 24 first-time candidates (†) last played during the 2007 major league season. Eighteen received less than 5% support (*) and were thus eliminated from BBWAA consideration; six newcomers scored 5% support or more, the largest number since 1994.No player received the 75% support needed for election, the first such shutout since 1996 and only the eighth in history.Dale Murphy was on the ballot for the 15th and final time.Player\n\nVotes\n\nPercent\n\nChange\n\nYear\n\n\n†Craig Biggio\n\n388\n\n68.2%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\nJack Morris\n\n385\n\n67.7%\n\n01.1%\n\n14th\n\n\nJeff Bagwell\n\n339\n\n59.6%\n\n03.6%\n\n3rd\n\n\n†Mike Piazza\n\n329\n\n57.8%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\nTim Raines\n\n297\n\n52.2%\n\n04.5%\n\n6th\n\n\nLee Smith\n\n272\n\n47.8%\n\n02.8%\n\n11th\n\n\n†Curt Schilling\n\n221\n\n38.8%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Roger Clemens\n\n214\n\n37.6%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Barry Bonds\n\n206\n\n36.2%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\nEdgar Martínez\n\n204\n\n35.9%\n\n00.6%\n\n4th\n\n\nAlan Trammell\n\n191\n\n33.6%\n\n03.2%\n\n12th\n\n\nLarry Walker\n\n123\n\n21.6%\n\n01.3%\n\n3rd\n\n\nFred McGriff\n\n118\n\n20.7%\n\n03.2%\n\n4th\n\n\nDale Murphy\n\n106\n\n18.6%\n\n04.1%\n\n15th\n\n\nMark McGwire\n\n96\n\n16.9%\n\n02.6%\n\n7th\n\n\nDon Mattingly\n\n75\n\n13.2%\n\n04.6%\n\n13th\n\n\n†Sammy Sosa\n\n71\n\n12.5%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\nRafael Palmeiro\n\n50\n\n8.8%\n\n03.8%\n\n3rd\n\n\nBernie Williams*\n\n19\n\n3.3%\n\n06.3%\n\n2nd\n\n\n†Kenny Lofton*\n\n18\n\n3.2%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Sandy Alomar Jr.*\n\n16\n\n2.8%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Julio Franco*\n\n6\n\n1.1%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†David Wells*\n\n5\n\n0.9%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Steve Finley*\n\n4\n\n0.7%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Shawn Green*\n\n2\n\n0.4%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Aaron Sele*\n\n1\n\n0.2%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Jeff Cirillo*\n\n0\n\n0.0%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Royce Clayton*\n\n0\n\n0.0%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Jeff Conine*\n\n0\n\n0.0%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Roberto Hernández*\n\n0\n\n0.0%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Ryan Klesko*\n\n0\n\n0.0%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†José Mesa*\n\n0\n\n0.0%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Reggie Sanders*\n\n0\n\n0.0%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Mike Stanton*\n\n0\n\n0.0%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Todd Walker*\n\n0\n\n0.0%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Rondell White*\n\n0\n\n0.0%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n†Woody Williams*\n\n0\n\n0.0%\n\n–\n\n1st\n\n\n\n\nKey\n\n\n†\n\nFirst time on the BBWAA ballot.\n\n\n \n\nHall of Fame member elected on this ballot (named in bold italics).\n\n\n \n\nHall of Fame member elected subsequently to 2024 (named in plain italics).\n\n\n \n\nRenominated for the 2014 BBWAA election by adequate performance on this ballot. Not elected to 2024.\n\n\n \n\nEliminated from annual BBWAA consideration by poor performance or expiration on this ballot. Not elected to 2024.\n\n\n*\n\nEliminated from annual BBWAA consideration by poor performance or expiration on this ballot.The newly eligible candidates included 29 All-Stars, seven of whom were not on the ballot, representing a total of 104 All-Star selections, a record, and over three times the number of 2012's class (33 All-Star selections among newly eligible candidates); until this year, only the class of 2007 had ever breached 100 selections (103). Among the candidates were 14-time All-Star, 7-time MVP and holder of both the single-season (73) and career (762) home run records Barry Bonds; 12-time All-Star Mike Piazza; 11-time All-Star and 7-time Cy Young Award winner Roger Clemens; 7-time All-Stars Craig Biggio and Sammy Sosa; and 6-time All-Stars Sandy Alomar Jr., Kenny Lofton and Curt Schilling. The field included two Rookies of the Year, both catchers (Alomar and Piazza), three MVPs (in addition to Bonds' seven, Clemens and Sosa each won one apiece) and a Cy Young Award winner (Clemens). Bonds and Clemens, with seven apiece, hold the records for MVPs and Cy Young Awards won, respectively. The field included two candidates with at least five Gold Glove Awards: Bonds (seven in left field) and Steve Finley (five in center). It also included five candidates with at least five Silver Slugger Awards: Bonds (twelve in left field), Piazza (ten at catcher), Sosa (six in right field), Biggio (five total- four at second base and one at catcher) and Julio Franco (five total- four at second base and one at DH). Bonds holds the record for Silver Sluggers in the outfield, while Piazza holds the record at catcher.As in recent years, the controversy over use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) dominated the elections.[3][7][12][13] ESPN.com columnist Jim Caple noted in the days before the announcement of the 2012 results that the PED issue, combined with the BBWAA's limit of 10 votes per ballot, was likely to result in a major backlog in upcoming elections:[13]Due to the steroid issue and a general lack of consensus, the following players will probably be on the ballot in three years: Barry Bonds, Roger Clemens, Pedro Martínez, Randy Johnson, Sammy Sosa, Jeff Bagwell, John Smoltz, Edgar Martínez, Mark McGwire, Mike Mussina, Jeff Kent, Larry Walker, Alan Trammell, Fred McGriff, Rafael Palmeiro, Lee Smith, Tim Raines, Gary Sheffield, Mike Piazza, Curt Schilling and, of course, Bernie [Williams]. That's 21 players who warrant serious consideration. And that's not counting Barry Larkin, who might be [Ed. – and was] elected this year, and also assuming Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine, Craig Biggio and Frank Thomas make it their first years on the ballot. Finding room for Bonds, Clemens, Pedro, Johnson and others means I'll have to dump more good players from my ballot than the Marlins dumped after winning the 1997 World Series.Another ESPN.com writer, Tim Kurkjian, added that the 2013 ballot would include several new candidates who either tested positive or were strongly linked to PEDs:[14]The next Hall of Fame ballot will include Barry Bonds, Roger Clemens, Sammy Sosa, Mike Piazza, Curt Schilling, Craig Biggio, and Kenny Lofton. They all have Hall of Fame numbers, some stronger than others, but Bonds, Clemens, Sosa and Piazza certainly are not going to be elected on the first ballot — and in the case of Bonds, Clemens and Sosa, they might not make it to Cooperstown for many, many years to come.Several other players returning from the 2012 ballot with otherwise strong Hall credentials have been linked to PEDs, among them Mark McGwire (who admitted to long-term steroid use in 2010),[15] Jeff Bagwell (who never tested positive, but was the subject of PED rumors during his career),[16] and Rafael Palmeiro (who tested positive for stanozolol shortly after publicly denying that he had ever used steroids).[17]Players who were eligible for the first time who were not included on the ballot were: Antonio Alfonseca, Tony Batista, Mark Bellhorn, Hector Carrasco, Alberto Castillo, Rhéal Cormier, Juan Encarnación, Robert Fick, Steve Kline, Ricky Ledée, Mike Lieberthal, John Mabry, Tom Martin, Damian Miller, Doug Mirabelli, Mike Myers, Orlando Palmeiro, Neifi Pérez, Desi Relaford, Paul Shuey, Scott Spiezio, Kelly Stinnett, John Thomson, José Valentín, John Wasdin, Rick White, Bob Wickman, Preston Wilson, Jay Witasick, and Jaret Wright.[18]","title":"BBWAA election"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pre-Integration_Era_rules-2"},{"link_name":"Shoeless Joe Jackson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoeless_Joe_Jackson"},{"link_name":"Dave Van Dyck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dave_Van_Dyck&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Chicago Tribune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Tribune"},{"link_name":"Bob Elliott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Elliott_(sportswriter)"},{"link_name":"Toronto Sun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Sun"},{"link_name":"Rick Hummel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Hummel"},{"link_name":"St. Louis Post-Dispatch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch"},{"link_name":"Steve Hirdt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Hirdt"},{"link_name":"Elias Sports Bureau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_Sports_Bureau"},{"link_name":"Bill Madden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Madden_(sportswriter)"},{"link_name":"New York Daily News","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Daily_News"},{"link_name":"Ken Nigro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ken_Nigro&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"The Baltimore Sun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun"},{"link_name":"Jack O'Connell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_O%27Connell_(sportswriter)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Tracy Ringolsby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracy_Ringolsby"},{"link_name":"Root Sports Rocky Mountain/MLB.com","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Root_Sports_Rocky_Mountain/MLB.com&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Glenn Schwarz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glenn_Schwarz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"San Francisco Chronicle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle"},{"link_name":"Claire Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Smith_(sportswriter)"},{"link_name":"ESPN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN"},{"link_name":"Mark Whicker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_Whicker&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Orange County Register","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County_Register"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Veterans_ballot-19"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Veterans_ballot-19"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-vetvote-6"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Veterans_ballot-19"},{"link_name":"Bert Blyleven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert_Blyleven"},{"link_name":"Pat Gillick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Gillick"},{"link_name":"Phil Niekro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Niekro"},{"link_name":"Don Sutton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Sutton"},{"link_name":"Bill DeWitt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_DeWitt_Jr."},{"link_name":"Roland Hemond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Hemond"},{"link_name":"Gary Hughes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Hughes_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Bob Watson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Watson"},{"link_name":"Nashville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pre-Integration_Era_rules-2"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-vetvote-6"}],"text":"In keeping with the new voting procedure by eras, the BBWAA-appointed Historical Overview Committee, made up of 11 BBWAA members, identified ten Pre-Integration candidates who were judged to have made their greatest contributions prior to 1947. Along with the era, these rules defined the consideration set:[2]Players who played in at least 10 major league seasons, who are not on Major League Baseball's ineligible list (e.g., Shoeless Joe Jackson), and have been retired for 21 or more seasons.\nManagers and umpires with 10 or more years in baseball and retired for at least five years. Candidates who are 65 years or older are eligible six years following retirement.\nExecutives retired for at least five years. Active executives 65 years or older are eligible for consideration.However, due to the passage of time, the only listed criteria that materially restricted the field from which the candidates were selected were years of service and presence on baseball's ineligible list.The eleven BBWAA-appointed Historical Overview Committee members were Dave Van Dyck (Chicago Tribune); Bob Elliott (Toronto Sun); Rick Hummel (St. Louis Post-Dispatch); Steve Hirdt (Elias Sports Bureau); Bill Madden (New York Daily News); Ken Nigro (formerly The Baltimore Sun); Jack O'Connell (BBWAA secretary/treasurer); Tracy Ringolsby (Root Sports Rocky Mountain/MLB.com); Glenn Schwarz (formerly San Francisco Chronicle); Claire Smith (ESPN); and Mark Whicker (Orange County Register).[19]The Pre-Integration ballot for election by the Pre-integration Committee was released on November 1, 2012,[19] and the Hall of Fame announced the results on December 3.[6]The Pre-Integration Committee's 16-member voting electorate, appointed by the Hall of Fame's Board of Directors, was announced at the same time as the ballot of 10 candidates:[19]Hall of Famers: Bert Blyleven, Pat Gillick, Phil Niekro, Don Sutton\nExecutives: Bill DeWitt, Roland Hemond, Gary Hughes, Bob Watson\nMedia and historians: Jim Henneman, Steve Hirdt, Peter Morris, Phil Pepe, Tom Simon, Claire Smith, T.R. Sullivan, Mark WhickerThe Pre-Integration Committee which elected three candidates to the Hall of Fame at the 2012 winter meetings in Nashville on December 2–3, with 75% or 12 of 16 votes required for election, convened at the July 28, 2013 induction.[2] Ruppert, O'Day and White were elected.[20] Dahlen received 10 of 16 votes, the highest total of anyone not elected; no one else received more than three votes.[6]","title":"Pre-integration Committee"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"J. G. Taylor Spink Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._G._Taylor_Spink_Award"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"sportswriter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportswriting"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spink-22"},{"link_name":"Paul Hagen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Hagen_(sportswriter)"},{"link_name":"MLB.com","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLB.com"},{"link_name":"Jim Hawkins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jim_Hawkins_(sportswriter)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Detroit Free Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press"},{"link_name":"Russell Schneider","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russell_Schneider&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"The Plain Dealer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Plain_Dealer"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_Spink_nominees-23"},{"link_name":"2012 World Series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_World_Series"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_Spink_nominees-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_Spink-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_Spink-24"},{"link_name":"San Bernardino Sun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Bernardino_Sun"},{"link_name":"Los Angeles Dodgers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers"},{"link_name":"Dallas–Fort Worth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex"},{"link_name":"Texas Rangers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Dallas Times Herald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas_Times_Herald"},{"link_name":"Fort Worth Star-Telegram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Worth_Star-Telegram"},{"link_name":"Philadelphia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia"},{"link_name":"Phillies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies"},{"link_name":"Philadelphia Daily News","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Daily_News"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_Spink-24"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_Spink_nominees-23"}],"text":"The J. G. Taylor Spink Award has been presented by the BBWAA at the annual summer induction ceremonies since 1962.[21] Through 2010, it was awarded during the main induction ceremony, but is now given the previous day at the Hall of Fame Awards Presentation. It recognizes a sportswriter \"for meritorious contributions to baseball writing\".[22] The recipients are not members of the Hall of Fame but are featured in a permanent exhibit at the National Baseball Museum.The three nominees for the 2013 award were selected by a BBWAA committee and announced on July 10, 2012, at the BBWAA's annual All-Star Game meeting. They were Paul Hagen of MLB.com; Jim Hawkins, formerly of the Detroit Free Press; and Russell Schneider, formerly of The Plain Dealer of Cleveland. It was the second consecutive nomination for both Hagen and Schneider.[23]Following the announcement of the nominees, the entire BBWAA membership voted in fall 2012 to determine the recipient. Under BBWAA rules, the winner was to be announced either during the 2012 World Series or at the 2012 winter meetings; in keeping with the practice of recent years, the announcement was made at the winter meetings.[23]On December 4, Hagen was announced as the recipient, having received 269 of the 421 possible votes (including five blank ballots).[24] Hawkins received 87 votes and Schneider 60.[24] Hagen began his career in 1974 with the San Bernardino Sun, covering the Los Angeles Dodgers. He moved in 1977 to Dallas–Fort Worth, covering the Texas Rangers first for the Dallas Times Herald and later the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. From there, he moved to Philadelphia in 1987, covering the Phillies for the Philadelphia Daily News before becoming that paper's national baseball columnist in 2002.[24] After a 25-year career at the Daily News, he joined MLB.com in 2012.[23]","title":"J. G. Taylor Spink Award"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ford C. Frick Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_C._Frick_Award"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"World Series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Series"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_Frick_ballot-26"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_Frick_ballot-26"},{"link_name":"Facebook","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Frick_Facebook-27"},{"link_name":"Ken Coleman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Coleman"},{"link_name":"John Gordon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gordon_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Graham McNamee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_McNamee"},{"link_name":"Eric Nadel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Nadel"},{"link_name":"Eduardo Ortega","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Ortega"},{"link_name":"Mike Shannon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Shannon"},{"link_name":"Dewayne Staats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewayne_Staats"},{"link_name":"Tom Cheek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cheek"},{"link_name":"Jacques Doucet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Doucet_(sportscaster)"},{"link_name":"Bill King","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_King"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_Frick_ballot-26"},{"link_name":"radio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio"},{"link_name":"Toronto Blue Jays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays"},{"link_name":"1977","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Toronto_Blue_Jays_season"},{"link_name":"2004","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Toronto_Blue_Jays_season"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_Frick-28"},{"link_name":"Salinas, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinas,_California"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Cheek_CBC-29"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_Frick-28"},{"link_name":"2011","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting"},{"link_name":"Dave Van Horne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Van_Horne"},{"link_name":"Jack Graney Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Graney_Award"},{"link_name":"Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"Canada's Sports Hall of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%27s_Sports_Hall_of_Fame"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2013_Frick-28"}],"text":"The Ford C. Frick Award, honoring excellence in baseball broadcasting, has been presented at the induction ceremonies since 1978.[25] Through 2010, it had been presented at the main induction ceremony, but is now awarded at the Awards Presentation. Recipients are not members of the Hall of Fame but are permanently recognized in an exhibit at the museum. To be eligible, an active or retired broadcaster must have a minimum of 10 years of continuous major league broadcast service with a ball club, a network, or a combination of the two. The honor is based on four criteria: longevity; continuity with a club; honors, including national assignments such as the World Series and All-Star Games; and popularity with fans. The recipient was announced on during the 2012 winter meetings, following a vote by the same committee that selected seven of the finalists (below).[26]Ten finalists were announced on October 9, 2012.[26] In accord with guidelines established in 2003, seven were chosen by a committee composed of the living recipients along with broadcasting historians and columnists. Three were selected from a list of candidates by fan voting at the Hall's Facebook page from August 20 to September 7.[27]Committee selections:\nKen Coleman\nJohn Gordon\nGraham McNamee\nEric Nadel\nEduardo Ortega\nMike Shannon\nDewayne Staats\n\n\nFan selections:\nTom Cheek\nJacques Doucet\nBill KingSix candidates were living when the ballot was announced—the active Doucet, Nadel, Ortega, Shannon, and Staats; and the retired Gordon.[26]On December 5, Cheek, the lead radio play-by-play announcer for the Toronto Blue Jays from the team's establishment in 1977 until his retirement in 2004, was named the recipient.[28] During this tenure he had a 27-year streak of 4,306 consecutive games plus 41 post-season games called, which lasted from the first ever Blue Jays game on April 7, 1977, to June 3, 2004, when he traveled to Salinas, California, for his father's funeral.[29] Cheek was forced to retire shortly after the funeral when he discovered he had a brain tumor, and he died in 2005.[28] The 2013 balloting marked the ninth consecutive year that Cheek had been named among the 10 finalists for the award.Cheek became the second Frick Award recipient to have worked primarily for a Canadian team, after 2011 honoree Dave Van Horne; the award was his third for broadcasting excellence from a sports hall of fame. In 2001, while active with the Blue Jays, he received the Jack Graney Award, given irregularly for excellence in either writing or broadcasting, from the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame.[30] Just before his death in 2005, Canada's Sports Hall of Fame created the Tom Cheek Media Leadership Award, with Cheek as its first recipient.[28]","title":"Ford C. Frick Award"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2010_changes_1-0"},{"link_name":"\"Hall of Fame Board of Directors Restructures Procedures for Consideration of Managers, Umpires, Executives and Long-Retired 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Frick Award Winner for Broadcasting Excellence\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//baseballhall.org/news/press-releases/tom-cheek-named-2013-ford-c-frick-award-winner-broadcasting-excellence"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Cheek_CBC_29-0"},{"link_name":"\"Tom Cheek a Finalist for Hall of Fame\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.cbc.ca/news/story/2006/12/05/cheek-frick.html"},{"link_name":"CBC.ca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC.ca"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-30"},{"link_name":"\"Author W. P. Kinsella Named Jack Graney Award Winner\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//baseballhalloffame.ca/news/author-w-p-kinsella-named-jack-graney-award-winner/"}],"text":"^ \"Hall of Fame Board of Directors Restructures Procedures for Consideration of Managers, Umpires, Executives and Long-Retired Players\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. July 26, 2010. Archived from the original on 14 December 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.\n\n^ a b c d \"Rules for Election for Managers, Umpires, Executives and Players for Pre-Integration Era Candidates to the National Baseball Hall of Fame\". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Archived from the original on November 25, 2011. Retrieved January 10, 2012.\n\n^ a b \"No players elected by writers\". ESPN.com. January 9, 2013. Retrieved January 9, 2013.\n\n^ Clayton, Mark (2006-11-30). \"Mark McGwire, steroids, and the Hall of Fame\". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 4 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-06.\n\n^ Perry, Dayn (January 9, 2013). \"Hall of Fame voters elect ... no one\". Eye on Baseball. CBSSports.com. Retrieved January 9, 2013.\n\n^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m \"Hank O'Day, Jacob Ruppert, Deacon White Elected to National Baseball Hall of Fame by Pre-Integration Committee\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. December 3, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.\n\n^ a b Kepner, Tyler (January 9, 2013). \"Voters Shut Out Hall of Fame Candidates\". The New York Times. Retrieved January 9, 2013.\n\n^ Passan, Jeff (January 9, 2013). \"Scrubbing of character clause among first reforms Hall of Fame needs to remain relevant\". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved January 10, 2013.\n\n^ \"Hall of Fame Introduces Saturday Awards Presentation to Induction Weekend Lineup\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. December 14, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.\n\n^ Noble, Marty (July 27, 2013). \"Jobe, Tull recognized for service to baseball\". MLB.com. Retrieved July 29, 2013.\n\n^ a b c \"Big Names, Biggest Honor\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. November 28, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012.\n\n^ Caple, Jim (December 22, 2010). \"The Hall of Fame ballot runneth over\". ESPN.com. Page 2. Retrieved January 15, 2011.\n\n^ a b Caple, Jim (January 4, 2012). \"Too many good Hall candidates for limit\". Page 2. ESPN.com. Retrieved January 9, 2012.\n\n^ Kurkjian, Tim (January 9, 2012). \"Whopper of a list of names await in 2013\". ESPN.com. Retrieved January 10, 2012.\n\n^ \"McGwire apologizes to La Russa, Selig\". ESPN.com. January 12, 2010. Archived from the original on 2 January 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2011.\n\n^ Crasnick, Jerry (December 29, 2010). \"Jeff Bagwell tires of steroids talk\". ESPN.com. Retrieved January 15, 2011.\n\n^ Kurkjian, Tim (December 28, 2010). \"Controversy follows Rafael Palmeiro\". ESPN The Magazine. Retrieved January 15, 2011.\n\n^ \"Future Eligibles\". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Archived from the original on 14 December 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2011.\n\n^ a b c \"Ten Finalists Named for Pre-Integration Era Ballot For Hall of Fame Consideration in 2013\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. November 1, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2012.\n\n^ Walker, B. (December 3, 2012). \"Ruppert, O'Day, White elected to baseball Hall\". AP. Retrieved 2012-12-03.\n\n^ \"J.G. Taylor Spink Award\". baseball-almanac.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-20.\n\n^ Baseball Writers' Association of America (2009-12-08). \"BBWAA Announces Bill Madden as 2010 Spink Award Winner\". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2009-12-14.\n\n^ a b c Bloom, Barry M. (July 10, 2012). \"MLB.com's Hagen nominated for Spink Award\". MLB.com. Retrieved November 4, 2012.\n\n^ a b c \"Paul Hagen Wins Spink Award\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. December 4, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2012.\n\n^ \"Ford Frick Award\". baseball-almanac.com. Retrieved 2010-07-20.\n\n^ a b c \"2013 Ford C. Frick Award Ballot Finalized\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2012.\n\n^ \"Voting to Determine Fan Selections for 2013 Frick Award Ballot Begins Monday\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. August 15, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2012.\n\n^ a b c \"Tom Cheek Named 2013 Ford C. Frick Award Winner for Broadcasting Excellence\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. December 5, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2012.\n\n^ \"Tom Cheek a Finalist for Hall of Fame\". CBC.ca. December 5, 2006. Retrieved December 5, 2012.\n\n^ \"Author W. P. Kinsella Named Jack Graney Award Winner\" (Press release). The Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame & Museum. December 21, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2012.","title":"Notes and references"}]
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Archived from the original on November 25, 2011. Retrieved January 10, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111125162433/http://baseballhall.org/hall-famers/rules-election/eras-pre-integration","url_text":"\"Rules for Election for Managers, Umpires, Executives and Players for Pre-Integration Era Candidates to the National Baseball Hall of Fame\""},{"url":"http://baseballhall.org/hall-famers/rules-election/eras-pre-integration","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"No players elected by writers\". ESPN.com. January 9, 2013. Retrieved January 9, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/8828339/baseball-hall-fame-fails-add-new-member-2013","url_text":"\"No players elected by writers\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN.com"}]},{"reference":"Clayton, Mark (2006-11-30). \"Mark McGwire, steroids, and the Hall of Fame\". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 4 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-06.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1130/p01s03-ussc.html","url_text":"\"Mark McGwire, steroids, and the Hall of Fame\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070104074509/http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1130/p01s03-ussc.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Perry, Dayn (January 9, 2013). \"Hall of Fame voters elect ... no one\". Eye on Baseball. CBSSports.com. Retrieved January 9, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.cbssports.com/mlb/blog/eye-on-baseball/21527385/hall-of-fame-voters-elect--no-one","url_text":"\"Hall of Fame voters elect ... no one\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBSSports.com","url_text":"CBSSports.com"}]},{"reference":"\"Hank O'Day, Jacob Ruppert, Deacon White Elected to National Baseball Hall of Fame by Pre-Integration Committee\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. December 3, 2012. 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Retrieved January 15, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Caple","url_text":"Caple, Jim"},{"url":"http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=caple/101222_hall_of_fame_voting&sportCat=mlb","url_text":"\"The Hall of Fame ballot runneth over\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN.com"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_2","url_text":"Page 2"}]},{"reference":"Caple, Jim (January 4, 2012). \"Too many good Hall candidates for limit\". Page 2. ESPN.com. Retrieved January 9, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://espn.go.com/espn/page2/story/_/id/7423427/off-base-says-maintaining-10-man-limit-negative-effect-baseball-hall-fame","url_text":"\"Too many good Hall candidates for limit\""}]},{"reference":"Kurkjian, Tim (January 9, 2012). \"Whopper of a list of names await in 2013\". ESPN.com. Retrieved January 10, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Kurkjian","url_text":"Kurkjian, Tim"},{"url":"http://espn.go.com/mlb/hof12/story/_/id/7439370/2013-hall-fame-ballot-all-performance-enhancing-drugs","url_text":"\"Whopper of a list of names await in 2013\""}]},{"reference":"\"McGwire apologizes to La Russa, Selig\". ESPN.com. January 12, 2010. Archived from the original on 2 January 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=4816607","url_text":"\"McGwire apologizes to La Russa, Selig\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110102002603/http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/news/story?id=4816607","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Crasnick, Jerry (December 29, 2010). \"Jeff Bagwell tires of steroids talk\". ESPN.com. Retrieved January 15, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/hof11/columns/story?columnist=crasnick_jerry&id=5963276","url_text":"\"Jeff Bagwell tires of steroids talk\""}]},{"reference":"Kurkjian, Tim (December 28, 2010). \"Controversy follows Rafael Palmeiro\". ESPN The Magazine. Retrieved January 15, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Kurkjian","url_text":"Kurkjian, Tim"},{"url":"http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/hof11/columns/story?columnist=kurkjian_tim&id=5947687","url_text":"\"Controversy follows Rafael Palmeiro\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN_The_Magazine","url_text":"ESPN The Magazine"}]},{"reference":"\"Future Eligibles\". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Archived from the original on 14 December 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://baseballhall.org/hall-famers/rules-election/future-eligibles","url_text":"\"Future Eligibles\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101214063705/http://baseballhall.org/hall-famers/rules-election/future-eligibles","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Ten Finalists Named for Pre-Integration Era Ballot For Hall of Fame Consideration in 2013\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. November 1, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://baseballhall.org/news/press-releases/ten-finalists-named-pre-integration-era-ballot-hall-fame-consideration-2013","url_text":"\"Ten Finalists Named for Pre-Integration Era Ballot For Hall of Fame Consideration in 2013\""}]},{"reference":"Walker, B. (December 3, 2012). \"Ruppert, O'Day, White elected to baseball Hall\". AP. Retrieved 2012-12-03.","urls":[{"url":"https://news.yahoo.com/ruppert-oday-white-elected-baseball-hall-161735118--mlb.html","url_text":"\"Ruppert, O'Day, White elected to baseball Hall\""}]},{"reference":"\"J.G. Taylor Spink Award\". baseball-almanac.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-20.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.baseball-almanac.com/awards/aw_spink.shtml","url_text":"\"J.G. Taylor Spink Award\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100818180918/http://www.baseball-almanac.com/awards/aw_spink.shtml","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Baseball Writers' Association of America (2009-12-08). \"BBWAA Announces Bill Madden as 2010 Spink Award Winner\". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2009-12-14.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110721230019/http://community.baseballhall.org/Page.aspx?pid=504","url_text":"\"BBWAA Announces Bill Madden as 2010 Spink Award Winner\""},{"url":"http://community.baseballhall.org/Page.aspx?pid=504","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Bloom, Barry M. (July 10, 2012). \"MLB.com's Hagen nominated for Spink Award\". MLB.com. Retrieved November 4, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120710&content_id=34824456&vkey=news_phi&c_id=phi","url_text":"\"MLB.com's Hagen nominated for Spink Award\""}]},{"reference":"\"Paul Hagen Wins Spink Award\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. December 4, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://baseballhall.org/news/press-releases/paul-hagen-wins-spink-award","url_text":"\"Paul Hagen Wins Spink Award\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ford Frick Award\". baseball-almanac.com. Retrieved 2010-07-20.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.baseball-almanac.com/awards/aw_frk.shtml","url_text":"\"Ford Frick Award\""}]},{"reference":"\"2013 Ford C. Frick Award Ballot Finalized\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://baseballhall.org/news/press-releases/2013-ford-c-frick-award-ballot-finalized","url_text":"\"2013 Ford C. Frick Award Ballot Finalized\""}]},{"reference":"\"Voting to Determine Fan Selections for 2013 Frick Award Ballot Begins Monday\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. August 15, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://baseballhall.org/news/press-releases/voting-determine-fan-selections-2013-frick-award-ballot-begins-monday","url_text":"\"Voting to Determine Fan Selections for 2013 Frick Award Ballot Begins Monday\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tom Cheek Named 2013 Ford C. Frick Award Winner for Broadcasting Excellence\" (Press release). National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. December 5, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://baseballhall.org/news/press-releases/tom-cheek-named-2013-ford-c-frick-award-winner-broadcasting-excellence","url_text":"\"Tom Cheek Named 2013 Ford C. Frick Award Winner for Broadcasting Excellence\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tom Cheek a Finalist for Hall of Fame\". CBC.ca. December 5, 2006. Retrieved December 5, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2006/12/05/cheek-frick.html","url_text":"\"Tom Cheek a Finalist for Hall of Fame\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC.ca","url_text":"CBC.ca"}]},{"reference":"\"Author W. P. Kinsella Named Jack Graney Award Winner\" (Press release). The Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame & Museum. December 21, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://baseballhalloffame.ca/news/author-w-p-kinsella-named-jack-graney-award-winner/","url_text":"\"Author W. P. Kinsella Named Jack Graney Award Winner\""}]}]
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Kinsella Named Jack Graney Award Winner\""},{"Link":"http://baseballhall.org/","external_links_name":"National Baseball Hall of Fame"},{"Link":"http://baseballhall.org/hall-famers/rules-election/bbwaa","external_links_name":"BBWAA Rules for Election to the Hall of Fame"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Rochelle_Harbor_(Long_Island_Sound)
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New Rochelle Harbor (Long Island Sound)
|
["1 References","2 External links"]
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Coordinates: 40°53′45″N 73°46′36″W / 40.8957°N 73.7768°W / 40.8957; -73.7768New Rochelle HarborNew Rochelle HarborLocationNew Rochelle, New YorkCoordinates40°53′45″N 73°46′36″W / 40.8957°N 73.7768°W / 40.8957; -73.7768IslandsTravers, Neptune and GlenReferencesUSGS - Geographic Names Information System
New Rochelle Harbor is the name of a harbor located along Long Island Sound in the city of New Rochelle in Westchester County, New York. The Davenport Neck peninsula off the mainland divides New Rochelle's waterfront into two bays; the westerly referred to as New Rochelle Harbor and the easterly as Echo Bay.
The upper portion the harbor lying behind Davenport’s Neck is known as "New Rochelle Creek". It extends in a northerly direction about a mile from the main entrance to the harbor east of Glen Island. Titus Mill-Pond is located at the northeastern end of the creek. The "Lower Harbor" is the long, narrow channel between Travers, Neptune and Glen islands. The entire harbor is protected from rough water and storms in Long Island Sound by Davenport Neck, Glen Island, and Hunters Island.
The Lower Harbor area is the site of a considerable amount of boating activity since it contains the mooring areas of the New York Athletic Club on Travers Island, and the Huguenot Yacht Club, and boatyards on the southerly half of Neptune Island. Also using the waters of the Lower Harbor are two boat launching ramps at Glen Island Park. The inner portion of the harbor is used by only a few boats, since most of its waters do not have sufficient depth.
The harbor has a length of about 6,500 feet and width of from 500 to 600 feet. The main entrance channel to the harbor lies between Davenport Neck and Glen Island. Access to the Lower Harbor from this entrance also involves passing under a bascule bridge connecting Glen Island to the mainland. Every time a boat enters or leaves the Lower Harbor, it requires the opening of the bridge, thus necessitating twenty-four-hour bridge tender staffing. A second entrance channel, between Glen Island and Hunters Island. Other channels exist between the several islands which lie on the Long Island Sound side of the harbor and protect the latter from easterly storms. Of these channels, one passes between Glen Island and Goose Island and another lies between Davids Island and Goose Island. The waters surrounding and in the immediate vicinity of these islands as well as the entrance channels are obstructed by numerous rocks.
The shoreline of New Rochelle Harbor contains a mix of recreational and marine commercial uses, and medium and high-density residential development. Recreational uses are predominant in the Lower Harbor, and include: Glen Island County Park, Glen Island Yacht Club, the New York Athletic Club Yacht Club, Huguenot Yacht Club. Additional marinas are arranged along the shoreline, with commercial and residential uses situated along Pelham Road in the upper harbor area.
References
^ a b "New Rochelle Harbor". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
^ United States Government (1921). Congressional Serial Set. Harvard: U.S. Government Printing Office.
^ United States. Army. Corps of Engineers (1973). New Rochelle Harbor Maintenance: Environmental Impact Statement. Northwestern University.
^ Motorboating, 1952
External links
USGS - Geographic Names Information System: New Rochelle Harbor
USGS - Geographic Names Information System: Lower Harbor
USGS - Geographic Names Information System: New Rochelle Creek
USGS - Geographic Names Information System: Titus Mill-Pond
vteNew Rochelle, New YorkAreas
Neighborhood List
Beechmont
Cooper's Corners
Davenport Neck
Premium Point
Residence Park
Rochelle Park–Rochelle Heights Historic District
Sutton Manor
Wykagyl
Arts
Forty-five Minutes from Broadway
The Dick Van Dyke Show
J. C. Leyendecker
Frederic Remington
New Rochelle Art Association
New Rochelle artist colony
Norman Rockwell
Ragtime
Thanhouser Company
Terrytoons
Downtown
Blessed Sacrament Church
"K" Building
Lowe's Theater
Railroad station
New Roc City
Public Library
Police Department
Fire Department
New Rochelle Trust Building
Union Baptist Church
Post Office
Montefiore New Rochelle Hospital
RKO Proctor's Theater
St. Gabriel's Church
Trump Plaza
Union Baptist Church
Ware's Department Store
WNVU
WVOX
Education
City School District of New Rochelle
New Rochelle High School
College of New Rochelle
Iona University
Iona Preparatory School
Salesian High School
The Ursuline School
Thornton-Donovan School
Geography
Davenport Neck
Echo Bay
Hutchinson River
Lake Innisfree
Huguenot Lake
Middle Ground (New Rochelle)
New Rochelle Harbor
Premium Mill-Pond
Reservoir 2
Reservoir 3
Sheldrake Lake
Sheldrake River
Titus Mill-Pond & Wetlands
Ward Acres Nature Preserve
History
Beechwoods Cemetery
Church of the Holy Family
Churchland pear
Crystal Lake
Davenport House
First Presbyterian Church
Fort Slocum
Historic Sites
Holy Sepulchre Cemetery
Huntington pear
Institute of Thomas Paine Studies
Knickerbocker Building
Lawton blackberry
Jacob Leisler
Jacob Leisler Statue
Lathers Hill
Leland Castle
Lispenard–Rodman–Davenport House
Mayors
Middletown
New Rochelle Historic Sites
New Rochelle Walk of Fame
New Rochelle Mall
New Rochelle Yacht Club
New York, Westchester and Boston Railway
Parsonage pear
Pioneer Building
Quaker Ridge Railroad Station
Seacord Cemetery
Sestercentennial Half-Dollar
St. John's Wilmot Church
Glen Island Resort
Thomas Paine Cottage
Thomas Paine Monument
Thomas Paine National Historical Association
Trinity-St. Paul's Church
Wildcliff
Winyah Park
Islands
Columbia Island
Davids Island
Execution Rocks
Glen Island
Goose Island
Huckleberry Island
Neptune Island
Pine Island
Pea Island
Pelham Islands
Travers Island
Recreation
City Park Stadium
Glen Island Park
Huguenot Yacht Club
Mazzella Field
Hynes Center
New Rochelle Rowing Club
New York Athletic Club
Pelham Country Club
Wykagyl Country Club
Organizations
Police Department
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"harbor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor"},{"link_name":"Long Island Sound","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Island_Sound"},{"link_name":"New Rochelle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York"},{"link_name":"Westchester County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westchester_County"},{"link_name":"New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gnis-1"},{"link_name":"Davenport Neck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davenport_Neck_(New_York)"},{"link_name":"Echo Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_Bay_(Long_Island_Sound)"},{"link_name":"Glen Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Island_Park"},{"link_name":"Titus Mill-Pond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Mill-Pond_%26_New_York_State_Tidal_Wetlands"},{"link_name":"Travers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travers_Island"},{"link_name":"Neptune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune_Island_(Long_Island_Sound)"},{"link_name":"Glen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Island_Park"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"New York Athletic Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Athletic_Club"},{"link_name":"Huguenot Yacht Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huguenot_Yacht_Club_(Long_Island_Sound)"},{"link_name":"Glen Island Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Island_Park"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"bascule bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bascule_bridge"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Glen Island County Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Island_Park"},{"link_name":"New York Athletic Club Yacht Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Athletic_Club"},{"link_name":"Huguenot Yacht Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huguenot_Yacht_Club_(Long_Island_Sound)"}],"text":"New Rochelle Harbor is the name of a harbor located along Long Island Sound in the city of New Rochelle in Westchester County, New York.[1] The Davenport Neck peninsula off the mainland divides New Rochelle's waterfront into two bays; the westerly referred to as New Rochelle Harbor and the easterly as Echo Bay.The upper portion the harbor lying behind Davenport’s Neck is known as \"New Rochelle Creek\". It extends in a northerly direction about a mile from the main entrance to the harbor east of Glen Island. Titus Mill-Pond is located at the northeastern end of the creek. The \"Lower Harbor\" is the long, narrow channel between Travers, Neptune and Glen islands. The entire harbor is protected from rough water and storms in Long Island Sound by Davenport Neck, Glen Island, and Hunters Island.[2]The Lower Harbor area is the site of a considerable amount of boating activity since it contains the mooring areas of the New York Athletic Club on Travers Island, and the Huguenot Yacht Club, and boatyards on the southerly half of Neptune Island. Also using the waters of the Lower Harbor are two boat launching ramps at Glen Island Park. The inner portion of the harbor is used by only a few boats, since most of its waters do not have sufficient depth.The harbor has a length of about 6,500 feet and width of from 500 to 600 feet.[3] The main entrance channel to the harbor lies between Davenport Neck and Glen Island. Access to the Lower Harbor from this entrance also involves passing under a bascule bridge connecting Glen Island to the mainland. Every time a boat enters or leaves the Lower Harbor, it requires the opening of the bridge, thus necessitating twenty-four-hour bridge tender staffing. A second entrance channel, between Glen Island and Hunters Island. Other channels exist between the several islands which lie on the Long Island Sound side of the harbor and protect the latter from easterly storms. Of these channels, one passes between Glen Island and Goose Island and another lies between Davids Island and Goose Island. The waters surrounding and in the immediate vicinity of these islands as well as the entrance channels are obstructed by numerous rocks.[4]The shoreline of New Rochelle Harbor contains a mix of recreational and marine commercial uses, and medium and high-density residential development. Recreational uses are predominant in the Lower Harbor, and include: Glen Island County Park, Glen Island Yacht Club, the New York Athletic Club Yacht Club, Huguenot Yacht Club. Additional marinas are arranged along the shoreline, with commercial and residential uses situated along Pelham Road in the upper harbor area.","title":"New Rochelle Harbor (Long Island Sound)"}]
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[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"New Rochelle Harbor\". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.","urls":[{"url":"https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/958452","url_text":"\"New Rochelle Harbor\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System","url_text":"Geographic Names Information System"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey","url_text":"United States Geological Survey"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior","url_text":"United States Department of the Interior"}]},{"reference":"United States Government (1921). Congressional Serial Set. Harvard: U.S. Government Printing Office.","urls":[]},{"reference":"United States. Army. Corps of Engineers (1973). New Rochelle Harbor Maintenance: Environmental Impact Statement. Northwestern University.","urls":[]}]
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Brodeur
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Jason Brodeur
|
["1 History","2 Florida House of Representatives","3 Florida Senate","4 Personal life","5 References","6 External links"]
|
American politician
Jason BrodeurMember of the Florida Senatefrom the 9th districtIncumbentAssumed office 2020Preceded byDavid H. SimmonsMember of the Florida House of Representativesfrom the 28th districtIn officeNovember 6, 2012 - November 6, 2018Preceded byDorothy HukillSucceeded byDavid SmithMember of the Florida House of Representativesfrom the 33rd districtIn officeNovember 2, 2010 – November 6, 2012Preceded bySandy AdamsSucceeded byH. Marlene O'Toole
Personal detailsBorn (1975-06-07) June 7, 1975 (age 49)Daytona Beach, FloridaPolitical partyRepublicanAlma materUniversity of Florida (B.S.) (M.B.A.) Dartmouth College (M.P.H)ProfessionHealth care consultant
Jason T. Brodeur is a Florida State Senator representing the 10th district, which consists of Seminole and a small part of Orange County. Before the redistricting that took effect with the 2022 election, he represented the old 9th district. A Republican, Brodeur also serves as the president and CEO of the Seminole County Chamber, which advocates for pro-business practices in Seminole County and across the state of Florida. He previously served as a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 2010 to 2018. From 2010-2012, he represented the 33rd District. During his final six years in the Florida House, Brodeur represented the 28th District, which consists of eastern Seminole County.
History
Brodeur attended the University of Florida, where he graduated with a degree in food and resource economics in 1997 and a Masters of Business Administration in 2003 before attending Dartmouth College, where he completed a Master of Public Health Degree. During college, Brodeur participated in several student organizations and was a member of Florida Blue Key. Following graduation, he worked for Procter & Gamble for several years before starting his own health care consulting company. Brodeur later served as the Chairman of the Seminole County Republican Party. Before assuming office, Brodeur received gubernatorial appointments and served on the Medicaid Pharmaceutical and Therapeutics Committee, the 18th Circuit Judicial Nominating Commission, and the Citizen’s Safety Task Force.
Florida House of Representatives
When incumbent State Representative Sandy Adams opted to run for Congress in 2010, Brodeur ran in the Republican primary to succeed her from the 33rd District, which included parts of Orange, Seminole, and Volusia Counties. In the primary, he defeated Alice Sterling and James DeCocq, winning 51% of the vote to Sterling's 37% and DeCocq's 11%. Brodeur advanced to the general election, where he faced Democratic nominee Leo Cruz and Libertarian Franklin Perez. Brodeur defeated Cruz and Perez, winning nearly 60% of the vote.
In 2012, the Florida House districts were redrawn, and Brodeur opted to run for re-election in the 28th District. He was challenged in the Republican primary by former Winter Springs Mayor John F. Bush. Bush ran against Brodeur due to his opposition to an amendment that Brodeur wrote "blocking Seminole from cutting programs or closing schools, and forcing administrators making over $100,000 to take steep pay cuts." Ultimately, Brodeur comfortably defeated Bush, winning 61% of the vote. Brodeur again faced Perez in the general election, whom he defeated in a landslide with 66% of the vote.
Throughout his time in the House of Representatives, Brodeur lead numerous legislative committees such as the Government Operations Subcommittee, the Health and Human Services Committee and the Health Care Appropriations Subcommittee.
As a State Representative, Brodeur received numerous honors from several state advocacy groups. The Florida Chamber of Commerce named him a distinguished advocate and as a member of their honor roll. He has been named a “Friend of Enterprise” on two occasions by The Associated Builders and Contractors. In 2015, Brodeur was named the 2015 Florida Legislator of the Year by the Florida Coalition for Children. He was also named legislator of the year in 2012 by both Seminole County Bar Association and the Legal Aid Society.
Florida Senate
When the incumbent, Senator David Simmons, was term-limited in 2020, Brodeur ran in the Republican Primary to succeed him from Senate District 9. Brodeur ran unopposed and was selected as the Republican nominee.
In his bid for the Senate, Brodeur was endorsed by key state leaders and organizations such as Governor Ron DeSantis, Attorney General Ashley Moody, and the Florida Chamber of Commerce.
In the general election, Brodeur faced Democrat Patricia Sigman. Brodeur won the election with 50% of the vote compared to Sigman’s 48%. The contentious election also featured a ghost progressive candidate, Jestine Iannotti. Brodeur's Chamber of Commerce colleague Ben Paris was sentenced to a year of probation and $42,000 restitution for his role in the vote-siphoning scheme.
In the 2021 legislative session, Brodeur introduced and co-introduced 41 total bills. Brodeur co-introduced SB 80, which established detailed case sheets for children in foster care. This bill was passed unanimously in both the House and the Senate. Brodeur also co-introduced SB 88 that provided farmers with protection from frivolous lawsuits. During the 2021 Session, Brodeur co-introduced SB 896, which limited the ability of local governments to approve solar projects, and reclassified pulling methane gas from a landfill as renewable. While Brodeur co-introduced the bill, the Tampa Bay Times reported that the state's energy and utilities industry was the primary force behind the bill. SB 896 passed both houses, and was signed into law.
Brodeur introduced SB 976 to expand the Florida Wildlife Corridor, which unanimously passed both chambers and was signed into law. This legislation seeks to preserve over 17 million acres of natural land and create a non-motorized trail connecting Naples to Orlando.
In 2023, Jason introduced SB 1550, known as the Prescription Drug Reform Act, which has been called “perhaps the most comprehensive PBM reform bill ever introduced.” It received unanimous support and was signed into law by Governor DeSantis. The bill seeks to lower prescription drug costs by regulating pharmacy benefit managers and requiring more transparency in pricing.
Brodeur introduced SB 280 to increase criminal penalties for and help prosecute Fentanyl dealers. This bill passed both chambers and was signed into law by the Governor.
In March 2023, Brodeur introduced a bill requiring bloggers who write about Florida government officials for pay to register with the Florida Office of Legislative Services or the Commission on Ethics.
Personal life
Brodeur is married to Christy Daly Brodeur, and they live in Sanford, Florida.
References
^ "Staff". Seminole County Chamber. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
^ a b c "Jason Brodeur". Florida Senate. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
^ a b c d "Meet Jason". Jason Brodeur. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
^ Deslatte, Aaron (July 6, 2012). "Brodeur-Bush race features rivals who once supported each other". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
^ "Florida State Senate District 9". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
^ a b "Jason Brodeur". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
^ "Jason Brodeur's Endorsements". Jason Brodeur. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
^ "Jason Brodeur gets Florida Chamber's nod for state Senate bid". Florida Politics. 2020-08-25. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
^ "Seminole County GOP chairman found guilty in 'ghost' candidate case". 2022-09-01. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
^ "SB 80". Florida Senate.
^ "SB 80 - Vote History". Florida Senate.
^ "SB 88". Florida Senate.
^ a b "SB 896". Florida Senate.
^ a b "Florida Legislators pass more restrictions on local regulations". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
^ "Bill Expanding Access to Florida's Wildlife Corridor Signed Into Law". WQCS. 2023-04-12. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
^ Sairany, Helen. "Legislators get it right on curbing prescription drug costs". Tallahassee Democrat. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
^ Ersland, Shane (2023-03-28). "Bill aiming to rein in PBM business practices gains support from Florida senators". State of Reform. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
^ Scheckner, Jesse (2023-06-06). "Harsher punishments coming for drug distributors in Florida overdose cases". Florida Politics. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
^ Sachs, Sam (March 2, 2023). "Florida bill would require bloggers who write about governor to register with the state". WFLA-TV.
External links
https://jasonbrodeur.com/
https://www.flsenate.gov/Senators/s10
vteCurrent members of the Florida Senate
President
Kathleen Passidomo (R)
President pro tempore
Dennis Baxley (R)
Majority Leader
Ben Albritton (R)
Minority Leader
Lauren Book (D)
▌Doug Broxson (R)
▌Jay Trumbull (R)
▌Corey Simon (R)
▌Clay Yarborough (R)
▌Tracie Davis (D)
▌Jennifer Bradley (R)
▌Travis Hutson (R)
▌Tom A. Wright (R)
▌Keith Perry (R)
▌Jason Brodeur (R)
▌Blaise Ingoglia (R)
▌Colleen Burton (R)
▌Dennis Baxley (R)
▌Jay Collins (R)
▌Geraldine Thompson (D)
▌Darryl Rouson (D)
▌Linda Stewart (D)
▌Nick DiCeglie (R)
▌Debbie Mayfield (R)
▌Jim Boyd (R)
▌Ed Hooper (R)
▌Joe Gruters (R)
▌Danny Burgess (R)
▌Bobby Powell (D)
▌Victor M. Torres Jr. (D)
▌Lori Berman (D)
▌Ben Albritton (R)
▌Kathleen Passidomo (R)
▌Erin Grall (R)
▌Tina Polsky (D)
▌Gayle Harrell (R)
▌Rosalind Osgood (D)
▌Jonathan Martin (R)
▌Shevrin Jones (D)
▌Lauren Book (D)
▌Ileana Garcia (R)
▌Jason Pizzo (D)
▌Alexis Calatayud (R)
▌Bryan Avila (R)
▌Ana Maria Rodriguez (R)
▌Republican (28)
▌Democratic (12)
Florida Legislature
Florida House of Representatives
Florida Senate
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Republican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Florida House of Representatives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_House_of_Representatives"}],"text":"Jason T. Brodeur is a Florida State Senator representing the 10th district, which consists of Seminole and a small part of Orange County. Before the redistricting that took effect with the 2022 election, he represented the old 9th district. A Republican, Brodeur also serves as the president and CEO of the Seminole County Chamber, which advocates for pro-business practices in Seminole County and across the state of Florida.[1] He previously served as a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 2010 to 2018. From 2010-2012, he represented the 33rd District. During his final six years in the Florida House, Brodeur represented the 28th District, which consists of eastern Seminole County.","title":"Jason Brodeur"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Florida"},{"link_name":"Dartmouth College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dartmouth_College"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"Florida Blue Key","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Blue_Key"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"},{"link_name":"Procter & Gamble","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"}],"text":"Brodeur attended the University of Florida, where he graduated with a degree in food and resource economics in 1997 and a Masters of Business Administration in 2003 before attending Dartmouth College, where he completed a Master of Public Health Degree.[2] During college, Brodeur participated in several student organizations and was a member of Florida Blue Key.[3] Following graduation, he worked for Procter & Gamble for several years before starting his own health care consulting company. Brodeur later served as the Chairman of the Seminole County Republican Party. Before assuming office, Brodeur received gubernatorial appointments and served on the Medicaid Pharmaceutical and Therapeutics Committee, the 18th Circuit Judicial Nominating Commission, and the Citizen’s Safety Task Force.[3]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"State Representative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_House_of_Representatives"},{"link_name":"Sandy Adams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Adams"},{"link_name":"Congress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress"},{"link_name":"2010","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Florida,_2010#District_24"},{"link_name":"Republican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Orange","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Seminole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminole_County,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Volusia Counties","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volusia_County,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Democratic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Libertarian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Republican","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Winter Springs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Springs,_Florida"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"},{"link_name":"Florida Chamber of Commerce","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Chamber_of_Commerce"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"When incumbent State Representative Sandy Adams opted to run for Congress in 2010, Brodeur ran in the Republican primary to succeed her from the 33rd District, which included parts of Orange, Seminole, and Volusia Counties. In the primary, he defeated Alice Sterling and James DeCocq, winning 51% of the vote to Sterling's 37% and DeCocq's 11%. Brodeur advanced to the general election, where he faced Democratic nominee Leo Cruz and Libertarian Franklin Perez. Brodeur defeated Cruz and Perez, winning nearly 60% of the vote.In 2012, the Florida House districts were redrawn, and Brodeur opted to run for re-election in the 28th District. He was challenged in the Republican primary by former Winter Springs Mayor John F. Bush. Bush ran against Brodeur due to his opposition to an amendment that Brodeur wrote \"blocking Seminole [County] from cutting programs or closing schools, and forcing administrators making over $100,000 to take steep pay cuts.\"[4] Ultimately, Brodeur comfortably defeated Bush, winning 61% of the vote. Brodeur again faced Perez in the general election, whom he defeated in a landslide with 66% of the vote.Throughout his time in the House of Representatives, Brodeur lead numerous legislative committees such as the Government Operations Subcommittee, the Health and Human Services Committee and the Health Care Appropriations Subcommittee.[3]As a State Representative, Brodeur received numerous honors from several state advocacy groups. The Florida Chamber of Commerce named him a distinguished advocate and as a member of their honor roll. He has been named a “Friend of Enterprise” on two occasions by The Associated Builders and Contractors. In 2015, Brodeur was named the 2015 Florida Legislator of the Year by the Florida Coalition for Children. He was also named legislator of the year in 2012 by both Seminole County Bar Association and the Legal Aid Society.[citation needed]","title":"Florida House of Representatives"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-6"},{"link_name":"Ron DeSantis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_DeSantis"},{"link_name":"Ashley Moody","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley_Moody"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-6"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-14"},{"link_name":"Tampa Bay Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Times"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-14"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-13"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"text":"When the incumbent, Senator David Simmons, was term-limited in 2020,[5] Brodeur ran in the Republican Primary to succeed him from Senate District 9. Brodeur ran unopposed and was selected as the Republican nominee.[6]In his bid for the Senate, Brodeur was endorsed by key state leaders and organizations such as Governor Ron DeSantis, Attorney General Ashley Moody,[7] and the Florida Chamber of Commerce.[8]In the general election, Brodeur faced Democrat Patricia Sigman. Brodeur won the election with 50% of the vote compared to Sigman’s 48%.[6] The contentious election also featured a ghost progressive candidate, Jestine Iannotti. Brodeur's Chamber of Commerce colleague Ben Paris was sentenced to a year of probation and $42,000 restitution for his role in the vote-siphoning scheme.[9]In the 2021 legislative session, Brodeur introduced and co-introduced 41 total bills.[2] Brodeur co-introduced SB 80, which established detailed case sheets for children in foster care.[10] This bill was passed unanimously in both the House and the Senate.[11] Brodeur also co-introduced SB 88 that provided farmers with protection from frivolous lawsuits.[12] During the 2021 Session, Brodeur co-introduced SB 896,[13] which limited the ability of local governments to approve solar projects, and reclassified pulling methane gas from a landfill as renewable.[14] While Brodeur co-introduced the bill, the Tampa Bay Times reported that the state's energy and utilities industry was the primary force behind the bill.[14] SB 896 passed both houses, and was signed into law.[13]Brodeur introduced SB 976 to expand the Florida Wildlife Corridor, which unanimously passed both chambers and was signed into law. This legislation seeks to preserve over 17 million acres of natural land and create a non-motorized trail connecting Naples to Orlando.[15]In 2023, Jason introduced SB 1550, known as the Prescription Drug Reform Act, which has been called “perhaps the most comprehensive PBM reform bill ever introduced.[16]” It received unanimous support and was signed into law by Governor DeSantis. The bill seeks to lower prescription drug costs by regulating pharmacy benefit managers and requiring more transparency in pricing.[17]Brodeur introduced SB 280 to increase criminal penalties for and help prosecute Fentanyl dealers. This bill passed both chambers and was signed into law by the Governor.[18]In March 2023, Brodeur introduced a bill requiring bloggers who write about Florida government officials for pay to register with the Florida Office of Legislative Services or the Commission on Ethics.[19]","title":"Florida Senate"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"}],"text":"Brodeur is married to Christy Daly Brodeur,[2] and they live in Sanford, Florida.[3]","title":"Personal life"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Staff\". Seminole County Chamber. Retrieved 2021-06-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.seminolebusiness.org/staff/","url_text":"\"Staff\""}]},{"reference":"\"Jason Brodeur\". Florida Senate. Retrieved 2021-06-17.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Senators/S9/2021?Tab=Bills","url_text":"\"Jason Brodeur\""}]},{"reference":"\"Meet Jason\". Jason Brodeur. Retrieved 2021-06-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://jasonbrodeur.com/meet-jason/","url_text":"\"Meet Jason\""}]},{"reference":"Deslatte, Aaron (July 6, 2012). \"Brodeur-Bush race features rivals who once supported each other\". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved May 4, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2012-07-06/news/os-legislative-brodeur-bush-20120706_1_budget-amendment-jason-brodeur-administrators","url_text":"\"Brodeur-Bush race features rivals who once supported each other\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel","url_text":"Orlando Sentinel"}]},{"reference":"\"Florida State Senate District 9\". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2021-06-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://ballotpedia.org/Florida_State_Senate_District_9","url_text":"\"Florida State Senate District 9\""}]},{"reference":"\"Jason Brodeur\". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2021-06-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://ballotpedia.org/Jason_Brodeur","url_text":"\"Jason Brodeur\""}]},{"reference":"\"Jason Brodeur's Endorsements\". Jason Brodeur. Retrieved 2021-06-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://jasonbrodeur.com/jason-brodeurs-endorsements/","url_text":"\"Jason Brodeur's Endorsements\""}]},{"reference":"\"Jason Brodeur gets Florida Chamber's nod for state Senate bid\". Florida Politics. 2020-08-25. Retrieved 2021-06-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://floridapolitics.com/archives/361205-jason-brodeur-gets-florida-chamber-nod-in-sd-9/","url_text":"\"Jason Brodeur gets Florida Chamber's nod for state Senate bid\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Politics","url_text":"Florida Politics"}]},{"reference":"\"Seminole County GOP chairman found guilty in 'ghost' candidate case\". 2022-09-01. Retrieved 2022-09-19.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.tampabay.com/news/florida-politics/2022/09/01/seminole-county-gop-chairman-found-guilty-in-ghost-candidate-case/","url_text":"\"Seminole County GOP chairman found guilty in 'ghost' candidate case\""}]},{"reference":"\"SB 80\". Florida Senate.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2021/80","url_text":"\"SB 80\""}]},{"reference":"\"SB 80 - Vote History\". Florida Senate.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2021/80/?Tab=VoteHistory","url_text":"\"SB 80 - Vote History\""}]},{"reference":"\"SB 88\". Florida Senate.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2021/88","url_text":"\"SB 88\""}]},{"reference":"\"SB 896\". Florida Senate.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2021/896","url_text":"\"SB 896\""}]},{"reference":"\"Florida Legislators pass more restrictions on local regulations\". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 2023-03-03.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.tampabay.com/news/florida-politics/2021/04/29/florida-legislators-pass-more-restrictions-on-local-regulations/","url_text":"\"Florida Legislators pass more restrictions on local regulations\""}]},{"reference":"\"Bill Expanding Access to Florida's Wildlife Corridor Signed Into Law\". WQCS. 2023-04-12. Retrieved 2023-09-20.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wqcs.org/2023-04-12/bill-expanding-access-to-floridas-wildlife-corridor-signed-into-law","url_text":"\"Bill Expanding Access to Florida's Wildlife Corridor Signed Into Law\""}]},{"reference":"Sairany, Helen. \"Legislators get it right on curbing prescription drug costs\". Tallahassee Democrat. Retrieved 2023-09-20.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.tallahassee.com/story/opinion/2023/05/12/legislators-get-it-right-on-curbing-prescription-drug-costs/70204985007/","url_text":"\"Legislators get it right on curbing prescription drug costs\""}]},{"reference":"Ersland, Shane (2023-03-28). \"Bill aiming to rein in PBM business practices gains support from Florida senators\". State of Reform. Retrieved 2023-09-20.","urls":[{"url":"https://stateofreform.com/featured/2023/03/florida-bill-aims-to-rein-in-pbm-business-practices/","url_text":"\"Bill aiming to rein in PBM business practices gains support from Florida senators\""}]},{"reference":"Scheckner, Jesse (2023-06-06). \"Harsher punishments coming for drug distributors in Florida overdose cases\". Florida Politics. Retrieved 2023-09-20.","urls":[{"url":"https://floridapolitics.com/archives/616788-harsher-punishments-coming-for-drug-distributors-in-florida-overdose-cases/","url_text":"\"Harsher punishments coming for drug distributors in Florida overdose cases\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Politics","url_text":"Florida Politics"}]},{"reference":"Sachs, Sam (March 2, 2023). \"Florida bill would require bloggers who write about governor to register with the state\". WFLA-TV.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.wfla.com/news/politics/florida-bill-would-require-bloggers-who-write-about-governor-to-register-with-the-state/","url_text":"\"Florida bill would require bloggers who write about governor to register with the state\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFLA-TV","url_text":"WFLA-TV"}]}]
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_Away_(Tyga_Song)
|
Far Away (Tyga song)
|
["1 Artwork","2 Background","3 Critical reception","4 Music video","5 Track listing","6 Charts","6.1 Weekly charts","6.2 Year-end charts","7 Certifications","8 Release history","9 References"]
|
2011 single by Tyga featuring Chris Richardson"Far Away"Single by Tyga featuring Chris Richardsonfrom the album Careless World: Rise of the Last King ReleasedMay 17, 2011 (2011-05-17)Recorded2011GenrePop rapLength3:27Label
Young Money
Cash Money
Republic
Songwriter(s)Michael StevensonChristopher RichardsonJess JacksonProducer(s)Jess JacksonTyga singles chronology
"Loyalty" (2010)
"Far Away" (2011)
"Still Got It" (2011)
Chris Richardson singles chronology
"Floating Off the Ground"(2009)
"Far Away"(2011)
"In the Name of Love"(2012)
"Far Away" is a song by American rapper Tyga featuring American Idol finalist Chris Richardson. The song was first released on May 17, 2011 as the lead single from the rapper's debut studio album, Careless World: Rise of the Last King (2012). The song, which was produced by British producer Jess Jackson, debuted at number 98 on the US Billboard Hot 100 for the chart dated August 20, 2011, reaching a peak of number 86 for the chart dated October 1, 2011. The track also peaked at number 93 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and number 16 on the US Hot Rap Songs. As of January 25, 2012, "Far Away" has sold approximately 303,000 copies in the US. On March 19, 2020, the single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for combined sales and album-equivalent units over 500,000 units in the United States.
Artwork
The cover depicts Tyga with a field and a railroad pictured in the background implying that he is travelling to the one who is described in the song as being "Far Away". Ology commented on the official artwork for the single by saying that it was reminiscent of Eminem's Recovery album cover released last year.
Background
In an interview with Artistdirect, Chris Richardson explained the concept behind the song:
"Far Away" is about the feeling of being so far away from someone you love. It portrays that of when we mess up and we want to make amends. Your relationship means the world to you, and you'd do anything for your significant other. You'd walk a thousand miles for that person. It's that whole love connection. "Far Away" tells a story of how the guy in the relationship has done wrong, and it might be too late because his girl might be off and gone with someone else.
Critical reception
PopCrush gave the song a four out of five stars and noted that the performance by Richardson really brightened up the track with a "soulful hook". They also commented on the track by saying "The appealing melody and lyrical depth make ‘Far Away’ a definite winner." Ology negatively received the song and commented on it by saying "The thing that's killing this track is the beat, because Tyga doesn't have the voice for it. This is a record meant for someone along the lines of Lupe or XV. Probably Drake too, but none of us want to resort to that. The Chris Richardson vocals add that pop-hop element to the hook, and the guitar-happy bars pump the pop even further, and with Tyga's voice, it's a juxtaposition that clashes a bit too much for success."
Music video
The official video for "Far Away" was released on July 27, 2011 and has since gained over twenty million views on YouTube. The video is based around a story in which Tyga tries to re-unite with his girlfriend. The girl dies in a fatal car accident near the end of the video which creates a sense of separation for Tyga.
Track listing
Digital downloadNo.TitleLength1."Far Away" (featuring Chris Richardson)3:27
Charts
Weekly charts
Chart (2011)
Peakposition
US Billboard Hot 100
86
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)
93
US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard)
16
US Rhythmic (Billboard)
11
Year-end charts
Chart (2011)
Position
US Rhythmic (Billboard)
46
Certifications
Region
Certification
Certified units/sales
United States (RIAA)
Gold
500,000‡
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
Release history
Country
Date
Format
Label
United States
May 17, 2011
Digital download
Young Money + Cash Money
United Kingdom
December 26, 2011
References
^ a b c "Far Away (feat. Chris Richardson) - Single by Tyga - Download Far Away (feat. Chris Richardson) - Single on iTunes". Itunes.apple.com. 2011-05-17. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
^ a b "Tyga Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ a b "Tyga Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ a b "Tyga Chart History (Hot Rap Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ "'Idol' track sales: Kelly Clarkson and more". USA Today. 2012-01-25. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^ "RIAA Certifications - Tyga". Retrieved March 26, 2020.
^ a b "Listen Up: "Far Away" by Tyga". Ology. 2011-08-12. Archived from the original on 2012-07-16. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
^ "Chris Richardson Talks "Far Away", Working with Tyga, Storytelling, and So Much More - ARTISTdirect News". Artistdirect.com. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
^ "Tyga, 'Far away' feat. Chris Richardson – Song Review". Popcrush.com. 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
^ "Tyga - Far Away ft. Chris Richardson". YouTube. 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
^ "Tyga Chart History (Rhythmic)". Billboard. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
^ "Rhythmic Songs – Year-End 2011". Billboard. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
^ "American single certifications – Tyga – Far Away". Recording Industry Association of America.
^ "'Far Away' featuring Chris Richardson - Single, by Tyga". iTunes (UK). 2011-12-26. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
vteTygaDiscographyStudio albums
No Introduction
Careless World: Rise of the Last King
Hotel California
Fan of a Fan: The Album
The Gold Album: 18th Dynasty
BitchImTheShit2
Kyoto
Legendary
Compilations
We Are Young Money
Rich Gang
Young Money: Rise of an Empire
Mixtapes
Well Done 3
Fuk Wat They Talkin Bout
Rawwest Nigga Alive
Singles
"Coconut Juice"
"Far Away"
"Still Got It"
"Rack City"
"Faded"
"Make It Nasty"
"Do My Dance"
"Dope"
"Molly"
"For the Road"
"Show You"
"Wait for a Minute"
"Hookah"
"Ayo"
"Ride Out"
"Bitches N Marijuana"
"Stimulated"
"Feel Me"
"Taste"
"Swish"
"Dip"
"Girls Have Fun"
"Light It Up"
"Haute"
"Ayy Macarena"
"Like It Is"
"Vida Loca"
"Sip It"
"Freaky Deaky"
"Nasty"
"Brand New"
Featured singles
"Deuces"
"Loyalty"
"The Motto (Remix)"
"Ayy Ladies"
"Get Low"
"Gold"
"Live It Up"
"Celebration"
"So Many Girls"
"Bubble Butt"
"Iz U Down"
"Loyal"
"Girls"
"Bend Ova"
"Collide"
"Do It Again"
"Kream"
"Low Key"
"Go Loko"
"Loco Contigo"
"Juicy"
"California"
"West Coast Shit"
"Chosen"
"Spicy (Remix)"
Other songs
"Startender"
Related articles
Last Kings Records
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"Tyga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyga"},{"link_name":"American Idol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Idol"},{"link_name":"Chris Richardson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Richardson"},{"link_name":"lead single","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_single"},{"link_name":"studio album","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_album"},{"link_name":"Careless World: Rise of the Last King","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Careless_World:_Rise_of_the_Last_King"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-download-1"},{"link_name":"British","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_100"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hot100-2"},{"link_name":"Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs"},{"link_name":"Hot Rap Songs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Rap_Songs"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hiphop-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rap-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"gold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIAA_Certification"},{"link_name":"Recording Industry Association of America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America"},{"link_name":"album-equivalent units","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Album-equivalent_unit"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"\"Far Away\" is a song by American rapper Tyga featuring American Idol finalist Chris Richardson. The song was first released on May 17, 2011 as the lead single from the rapper's debut studio album, Careless World: Rise of the Last King (2012).[1] The song, which was produced by British producer Jess Jackson, debuted at number 98 on the US Billboard Hot 100 for the chart dated August 20, 2011, reaching a peak of number 86 for the chart dated October 1, 2011.[2] The track also peaked at number 93 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and number 16 on the US Hot Rap Songs.[3][4] As of January 25, 2012, \"Far Away\" has sold approximately 303,000 copies in the US.[5] On March 19, 2020, the single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for combined sales and album-equivalent units over 500,000 units in the United States.[6]","title":"Far Away (Tyga song)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Eminem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminem"},{"link_name":"Recovery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery_(Eminem_album)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Listen_Up:_Far_Away_by_Tyga-7"}],"text":"The cover depicts Tyga with a field and a railroad pictured in the background implying that he is travelling to the one who is described in the song as being \"Far Away\". Ology commented on the official artwork for the single by saying that it was reminiscent of Eminem's Recovery album cover released last year.[7]","title":"Artwork"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Artistdirect","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistdirect"},{"link_name":"Chris Richardson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Richardson"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"In an interview with Artistdirect, Chris Richardson explained the concept behind the song:\"Far Away\" is about the feeling of being so far away from someone you love. It portrays that of when we mess up and we want to make amends. Your relationship means the world to you, and you'd do anything for your significant other. You'd walk a thousand miles for that person. It's that whole love connection. \"Far Away\" tells a story of how the guy in the relationship has done wrong, and it might be too late because his girl might be off and gone with someone else.[8]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Listen_Up:_Far_Away_by_Tyga-7"}],"text":"PopCrush gave the song a four out of five stars and noted that the performance by Richardson really brightened up the track with a \"soulful hook\". They also commented on the track by saying \"The appealing melody and lyrical depth make ‘Far Away’ a definite winner.\"[9] Ology negatively received the song and commented on it by saying \"The thing that's killing this track is the beat, because Tyga doesn't have the voice for it. This is a record meant for someone along the lines of Lupe or XV. Probably Drake too, but none of us want to resort to that. The Chris Richardson vocals add that pop-hop element to the hook, and the guitar-happy bars pump the pop even further, and with Tyga's voice, it's a juxtaposition that clashes a bit too much for success.\"[7]","title":"Critical reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"YouTube","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"},{"link_name":"Tyga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyga"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"The official video for \"Far Away\" was released on July 27, 2011 and has since gained over twenty million views on YouTube. The video is based around a story in which Tyga tries to re-unite with his girlfriend. The girl dies in a fatal car accident near the end of the video which creates a sense of separation for Tyga.[10]","title":"Music video"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-download-1"},{"link_name":"Chris Richardson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Richardson"}],"text":"Digital download[1]No.TitleLength1.\"Far Away\" (featuring Chris Richardson)3:27","title":"Track listing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Far_Away_(Tyga_song)&action=edit§ion=7"},{"link_name":"Billboard Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hot100-2"},{"link_name":"Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hiphop-3"},{"link_name":"Hot Rap Songs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Rap_Songs"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rap-4"},{"link_name":"Rhythmic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythmic_(chart)"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Billboardrhythmic_Tyga-11"},{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Far_Away_(Tyga_song)&action=edit§ion=8"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"Weekly charts[edit]\n\n\n\nChart (2011)\n\nPeakposition\n\n\nUS Billboard Hot 100[2]\n\n86\n\n\nUS Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[3]\n\n93\n\n\nUS Hot Rap Songs (Billboard)[4]\n\n16\n\n\nUS Rhythmic (Billboard)[11]\n\n11\n\n\n\nYear-end charts[edit]\n\n\n\nChart (2011)\n\nPosition\n\n\nUS Rhythmic (Billboard)[12]\n\n46","title":"Charts"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Certifications"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Release history"}]
|
[]
| null |
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanoperedens_nitroreducens
|
Methanoperedens nitroreducens
|
["1 Morphology","2 Metabolism","3 Ecology","4 References"]
|
Species of archaea that oxidizes methane.
Methanoperedens nitroreducens
Scientific classification
Domain:
Archaea
Kingdom:
Euryarchaeota
Class:
Methanomicrobia
Order:
Methanosarcinales
Family:
Methanoperedenaceae
Genus:
Methanoperedens
Species:
M. nitroreducens
Binomial name
Methanoperedens nitroreducensHaroon et al. 2013
Methanoperedens nitroreducens (from Latin: methano, meaning "methane", peredens, meaning "consuming", nitro, meaning "nitrate", and reducens, meaning "leading back") is a candidate species of methanotrophic archaea that oxidizes methane by coupling to nitrate reduction.
Morphology
Methanoperedens nitroreducens is an archaea that grows as an irregular cocci with a diameter of 1-3 μm. Ideal conditions for M. nitroreducens growth consist of temperatures around 72-95°F and a neutral to slightly basic pH of 7-8. M. nitroreducens has been cultured in a bioreactor, but a pure culture has not been cultivated.
Metabolism
Only two known organisms are currently known to be able to couple methane oxidation with nitrate or nitrite reduction (Methanoperedens nitroreducens and Methylomirabilis oxyfera). Methanoperedens nitroreducens utilizes the process of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). AOM is an important environmental process that functions as a sink of methane, lowering the gas' overall impact on climate change. This process was originally discovered to be paired with sulfate reduction but now also known to be paired with nitrate and metal ion (Mn4+ or Fe3+) reduction. M. nitroreducens uses reverse methanogenesis with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. This is the first anaerobic methanotrophic archaea found to have genes for the full reverse methanogenesis pathway. The full pathway of acetyl-CoA has also been found in M. nitroreducens. It is suggested that AOM is facilitated by Borgs.
Ecology
This species was first described by Haroon et al. in 2013 after adding methane, ammonium, and nitrate to a bioreactor where a single organism proliferated. Methanoperedens nitroreducens survives in oxygen-free environments and can typically be found in deeper down in freshwater ecosystems. M. nitroreducens is more likely to exist and be competitive in an environment enriched in nitrate as opposed to sulfate or other potential terminal electron acceptors. M. nitroreducens competes against other organisms who reduce nitrate with other carbon sources.
Requiring both methane and nitrate, this organism is commonly found in the area between oxic and anoxic zones. While originally known as an anaerobic species, it has oxygen tolerance mechanisms. When it is in contact with oxygen, M. nitroreducens will up-regulate genes needed to protect against oxidative stress. This differs from other anaerobic species who suffer irreversible damage when exposed to oxygen, hinting at future applications for this archaeal species.
References
^ a b c d Guerrero-Cruz, Simon; Cremers, Geert; van Alen, Theo A.; Op den Camp, Huub J. M.; Jetten, Mike S. M.; Rasigraf, Olivia; Vaksmaa, Annika (2018). "Response of the Anaerobic Methanotroph "Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens" to Oxygen Stress". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 84 (24): e01832–18. Bibcode:2018ApEnM..84E1832G. doi:10.1128/AEM.01832-18. PMC 6275348. PMID 30291120.
^ a b c d e f g h Haroon, Mohamed F.; Hu, Shihu; Shi, Ying; Imelfort, Michael; Keller, Jurg; Hugenholtz, Philip; Yuan, Zhiguo; Tyson, Gene W. (August 2013). "Anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to nitrate reduction in a novel archaeal lineage". Nature. 500 (7464): 567–570. Bibcode:2013Natur.500..567H. doi:10.1038/nature12375. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 23892779. S2CID 4368118.
^ a b c Cui, Mengmeng; Ma, Anzhou; Qi, Hongyan; Zhuang, Xuliang; Zhuang, Guoqiang (February 2015). "Anaerobic oxidation of methane: an "active" microbial process". MicrobiologyOpen. 4 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1002/mbo3.232. ISSN 2045-8827. PMC 4335971. PMID 25530008.
^ Al-Shayeb, Basem; Schoelmerich, Marie C.; West-Roberts, Jacob; Valentin-Alvarado, Luis E.; Sachdeva, Rohan; Mullen, Susan; Crits-Christoph, Alexander; Wilkins, Michael J.; Williams, Kenneth H.; Doudna, Jennifer A.; Banfield, Jillian F. (2021-07-10). "Borgs are giant extrachromosomal elements with the potential to augment methane oxidation": 2021.07.10.451761. doi:10.1101/2021.07.10.451761. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ a b c Lu, Peili; Liu, Tao; Ni, Bing-Jie; Guo, Jianhua; Yuan, Zhiguo; Hu, Shihu (2019-04-01). "Growth kinetics of Candidatus 'Methanoperedens nitroreducens' enriched in a laboratory reactor". Science of the Total Environment. 659: 442–450. Bibcode:2019ScTEn.659..442L. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.351. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 31096374. S2CID 104422754.
^ Kampman, Christel; Piai, Laura; Temmink, Hardy; Hendrickx, Tim L. G.; Zeeman, Grietje; Buisman, Cees J. N. (2018-05-14). "Effect of low concentrations of dissolved oxygen on the activity of denitrifying methanotrophic bacteria". Water Science and Technology. 77 (11): 2589–2597. doi:10.2166/wst.2018.219. ISSN 0273-1223. PMID 29944124.
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"archaea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea"},{"link_name":"methane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane"},{"link_name":"nitrate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"}],"text":"Methanoperedens nitroreducens (from Latin: methano, meaning \"methane\", peredens, meaning \"consuming\", nitro, meaning \"nitrate\", and reducens, meaning \"leading back\") is a candidate species of methanotrophic archaea that oxidizes methane by coupling to nitrate reduction.[1]","title":"Methanoperedens nitroreducens"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"archaea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea"},{"link_name":"cocci","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccus"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-2"},{"link_name":"pH","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-2"},{"link_name":"bioreactor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioreactor"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-2"}],"text":"Methanoperedens nitroreducens is an archaea that grows as an irregular cocci with a diameter of 1-3 μm.[2] Ideal conditions for M. nitroreducens growth consist of temperatures around 72-95°F and a neutral to slightly basic pH of 7-8.[2] M. nitroreducens has been cultured in a bioreactor, but a pure culture has not been cultivated.[2]","title":"Morphology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Methylomirabilis oxyfera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylomirabilis_oxyfera"},{"link_name":"anaerobic oxidation of methane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_oxidation_of_methane"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"},{"link_name":"methanogenesis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanogenesis"},{"link_name":"electron acceptor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_acceptor"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"},{"link_name":"methanotrophic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanotroph"},{"link_name":"methanogenesis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanogenesis"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-2"},{"link_name":"acetyl-CoA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl-CoA"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"},{"link_name":"Borgs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borg_(microbiology)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Only two known organisms are currently known to be able to couple methane oxidation with nitrate or nitrite reduction (Methanoperedens nitroreducens and Methylomirabilis oxyfera). Methanoperedens nitroreducens utilizes the process of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM).[2] AOM is an important environmental process that functions as a sink of methane, lowering the gas' overall impact on climate change.[3] This process was originally discovered to be paired with sulfate reduction but now also known to be paired with nitrate and metal ion (Mn4+ or Fe3+) reduction. M. nitroreducens uses reverse methanogenesis with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor.[2][3] This is the first anaerobic methanotrophic archaea found to have genes for the full reverse methanogenesis pathway.[2] The full pathway of acetyl-CoA has also been found in M. nitroreducens.[3] It is suggested that AOM is facilitated by Borgs.[4]","title":"Metabolism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"bioreactor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioreactor"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-5"},{"link_name":"electron acceptors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_acceptor"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-5"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-5"},{"link_name":"anoxic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxic_waters"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"anaerobic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_organism"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:02-2"},{"link_name":"up-regulate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downregulation_and_upregulation"},{"link_name":"oxidative stress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_stress"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"archaeal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea"}],"text":"This species was first described by Haroon et al. in 2013 after adding methane, ammonium, and nitrate to a bioreactor where a single organism proliferated.[2] Methanoperedens nitroreducens survives in oxygen-free environments and can typically be found in deeper down in freshwater ecosystems.[1][5] M. nitroreducens is more likely to exist and be competitive in an environment enriched in nitrate as opposed to sulfate or other potential terminal electron acceptors.[5] M. nitroreducens competes against other organisms who reduce nitrate with other carbon sources.[5]Requiring both methane and nitrate, this organism is commonly found in the area between oxic and anoxic zones.[1] While originally known as an anaerobic species,[2] it has oxygen tolerance mechanisms. When it is in contact with oxygen, M. nitroreducens will up-regulate genes needed to protect against oxidative stress.[1] This differs from other anaerobic species who suffer irreversible damage when exposed to oxygen,[6] hinting at future applications for this archaeal species.","title":"Ecology"}]
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[]
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PMID 30291120.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6275348","url_text":"\"Response of the Anaerobic Methanotroph \"Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens\" to Oxygen Stress\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApEnM..84E1832G","url_text":"2018ApEnM..84E1832G"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128%2FAEM.01832-18","url_text":"10.1128/AEM.01832-18"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6275348","url_text":"6275348"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30291120","url_text":"30291120"}]},{"reference":"Haroon, Mohamed F.; Hu, Shihu; Shi, Ying; Imelfort, Michael; Keller, Jurg; Hugenholtz, Philip; Yuan, Zhiguo; Tyson, Gene W. (August 2013). \"Anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to nitrate reduction in a novel archaeal lineage\". Nature. 500 (7464): 567–570. Bibcode:2013Natur.500..567H. doi:10.1038/nature12375. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 23892779. S2CID 4368118.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12375","url_text":"\"Anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to nitrate reduction in a novel archaeal lineage\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Natur.500..567H","url_text":"2013Natur.500..567H"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature12375","url_text":"10.1038/nature12375"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687","url_text":"1476-4687"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23892779","url_text":"23892779"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4368118","url_text":"4368118"}]},{"reference":"Cui, Mengmeng; Ma, Anzhou; Qi, Hongyan; Zhuang, Xuliang; Zhuang, Guoqiang (February 2015). \"Anaerobic oxidation of methane: an \"active\" microbial process\". MicrobiologyOpen. 4 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1002/mbo3.232. ISSN 2045-8827. PMC 4335971. PMID 25530008.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4335971","url_text":"\"Anaerobic oxidation of methane: an \"active\" microbial process\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fmbo3.232","url_text":"10.1002/mbo3.232"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2045-8827","url_text":"2045-8827"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4335971","url_text":"4335971"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25530008","url_text":"25530008"}]},{"reference":"Al-Shayeb, Basem; Schoelmerich, Marie C.; West-Roberts, Jacob; Valentin-Alvarado, Luis E.; Sachdeva, Rohan; Mullen, Susan; Crits-Christoph, Alexander; Wilkins, Michael J.; Williams, Kenneth H.; Doudna, Jennifer A.; Banfield, Jillian F. (2021-07-10). \"Borgs are giant extrachromosomal elements with the potential to augment methane oxidation\": 2021.07.10.451761. doi:10.1101/2021.07.10.451761.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.10.451761v1","url_text":"\"Borgs are giant extrachromosomal elements with the potential to augment methane oxidation\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101%2F2021.07.10.451761","url_text":"10.1101/2021.07.10.451761"}]},{"reference":"Lu, Peili; Liu, Tao; Ni, Bing-Jie; Guo, Jianhua; Yuan, Zhiguo; Hu, Shihu (2019-04-01). \"Growth kinetics of Candidatus 'Methanoperedens nitroreducens' enriched in a laboratory reactor\". Science of the Total Environment. 659: 442–450. Bibcode:2019ScTEn.659..442L. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.351. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 31096374. S2CID 104422754.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718352446","url_text":"\"Growth kinetics of Candidatus 'Methanoperedens nitroreducens' enriched in a laboratory reactor\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ScTEn.659..442L","url_text":"2019ScTEn.659..442L"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.12.351","url_text":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.351"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0048-9697","url_text":"0048-9697"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31096374","url_text":"31096374"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:104422754","url_text":"104422754"}]},{"reference":"Kampman, Christel; Piai, Laura; Temmink, Hardy; Hendrickx, Tim L. G.; Zeeman, Grietje; Buisman, Cees J. N. (2018-05-14). \"Effect of low concentrations of dissolved oxygen on the activity of denitrifying methanotrophic bacteria\". Water Science and Technology. 77 (11): 2589–2597. doi:10.2166/wst.2018.219. ISSN 0273-1223. PMID 29944124.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2166%2Fwst.2018.219","url_text":"\"Effect of low concentrations of dissolved oxygen on the activity of denitrifying methanotrophic bacteria\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2166%2Fwst.2018.219","url_text":"10.2166/wst.2018.219"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0273-1223","url_text":"0273-1223"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29944124","url_text":"29944124"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yue-Kong_Pao
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Yue-Kong Pao
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["1 Early life","2 Career","2.1 Move to Hong Kong","2.2 Founding of World-Wide Shipping","2.3 Diversification","2.4 Retirement and other activities","3 Personal","3.1 Legacy","4 Sources","5 References","6 External links"]
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In this Chinese name, the family name is Pao.
The native form of this personal name is Pao Yue-kong. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
This article has an unclear citation style. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting. (July 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
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Yue-Kong Pao包玉剛Born(1918-11-10)10 November 1918Ningbo, Zhejiang, Republic of China (1912-1949)Died23 September 1991(1991-09-23) (aged 72)British Hong KongOccupation(s)Founder, Worldwide Shipping GroupSpouseHuang Sue-IngChildrenDoreen Pao Cissy Pui-lai Pao WatariAnna Pui-Hing Pao SohmenBessie Pui-Yung Pao WooParentPao Siu-LoongPao Chung Sau-GinRelativesHelmut Sohmen, Peter Woo (sons-in-law)AwardsKnight Bachelor (1978)CBE (1976)Chinese nameTraditional Chinese包玉剛Simplified Chinese包玉刚TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinBāo YùgāngWade–GilesPao Yü-kangYue: CantoneseYale RomanizationBāau Yuhk gōngJyutpingBaau1 Juk6 gong1
Sir Yue-Kong Pao CBE JP (Chinese: 包玉剛; pinyin: Bāo Yùgāng; 10 November 1918 — 23 September 1991), is the founder of Hong Kong's Worldwide Shipping Group which in the 20 years from purchasing its first used ship in 1955 became by far the largest shipping company in the world with over 20 million tonnes deadweight (DWT). Anticipating the seriousness of the shipping downturn starting in the late 1970s, he drastically reduced his fleet and was able to pay off associated debt and raise cash to diversify his interests notably through the purchase of a controlling stake in The Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company Limited (now known as Wharf (Holdings)) and later Wheelock Marden giving exposure to Hong Kong real estate, shipping terminals, retail, ferries, and trams. He was noted for his unmatched access to leaders in both the commercial and political arenas and was equally at ease with Western political leaders and the Chinese leadership in the run-up to Hong Kong's ceasing to be a British colony in 1997 (for example Margaret Thatcher wrote the foreword to his biography published in 1990 and he was appointed a Vice-Chairman of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee planning Hong Kong's constitution after 1997). He was also a generous philanthropist notably in educational projects (helping set up universities, libraries, and scholarship schemes). He died in 1991 but his corporate legacy continues to be controlled and run by his family.
Early life
Pao was born in 1918 in Ningbo, the third of seven children of an upper-middle-class family. He was a 29th-generation descendant of Bao Zheng. In 1931, he went to Hankou to work in his father's shoe manufacturing business whilst continuing his education at night. However, he decided that the shoe business did not suit him and he secured a traineeship with a foreign insurance company. By the age of twenty, he was established in his new position and married his wife Huang Sue-Ing, who was chosen by his parents.
In 1937, Hankou came under attack from the Japanese, and Pao along with 70 colleagues moved to Hunan and then Shanghai whilst leaving his wife in the relative safety of Ningbo. As tension eased, he sent for his wife to join him.
Career
In the late 1930s in Shanghai, Pao found a position in the insurance department of the Central Trust of China. Pao was soon moving up the corporate ladder, moving into the area of banking, and moving to Hengyang and Chongqing as the progress of the war dictated.
In 1945, at the end of the war, he was sent by the Government back to Shanghai to help set up and manage the new Municipal Bank and in a short time had worked his way to Deputy general manager, effectively in charge.
Move to Hong Kong
With the approaching fall of the "Bamboo Curtain", Pao and all his family had moved to Hong Kong by the spring of 1949, having managed to remit much of the family's assets and money before events made it impossible. It was impossible to resume a banking career and, given the prevailing uncertainties, he did not wish to commit to investing in machinery and land in Hong Kong, so Pao started an Import/Export business dealing in Chinese goods. Following the UN trade embargo resulting from China's entry into the Korean War, the company broadened its scope to Europe, although trade with China continued in a circuitous way through skilful exploitation of legal loopholes in the embargo. It was during the first half of the 1950s that Pao first made contact with Jake Saunders (who was running the Imports Department) and Guy Sayer (also working in the department) at the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. Both were later to become Chief Manager and Chairman of the bank, and the relationship was to be a decisive element in the growth of Pao's businesses.
Founding of World-Wide Shipping
As his business grew, Pao looked around for suitable new ventures and in 1955 decided to branch into shipping (still focusing on assets that were not fixed in Hong Kong) and embarked on an intensive learning process. Shipowning in Hong Kong had a poor reputation at that time with the banks and so the first vessel, a 28-year-old coal burning 8,200 tonne freighter, was purchased without finance. Having seen this and the rigorousness employed by Pao in the purchase process, the Hongkong Bank extended a loan for the second purchase, the start of long and fruitful relationship which led to Pao being appointed to the board of the bank in 1971 and later to become its vice-chairman.
The shipping business grew rapidly driven by the post war economic miracle taking place in Japan and the resulting need for freight and oil carrying capacity. Pao devised a system whereby he was able to secure bank guaranteed three-year charters prior to purchasing ships thus significantly reducing the business risks and creating a very attractive lending opportunity for the banks financing the ship purchase. This basic scheme (known in Japan as a "shikumisen" arrangement) was extended when World-Wide moved into commissioning construction of new ships in 1961.
By 1979, the fleet was some 202 vessels with a total of 20.5 million DWT, by far and away the largest fleet in the world. Indeed, the fleet was larger than the combined fleets of the famous Onassis, Niarchos and Lemos families. In recognition of his achievements Pao was made an Honorary Doctor of Law by the Hong Kong University in 1975, and in 1976 appeared on the front cover of Newsweek magazine with the heading "King of the Sea". Pao received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1977. He was knighted in 1978.
Diversification
1978 saw the start of a severe downturn in the shipping business. Pao and his managers were quick to spot the problem and commenced a programme to reduce the fleet, especially crude oil carriers, selling ships as they came off charter. 140 ships were sold and the fleet reduced by half over a period of 4 to 5 years allowing debt to be paid off and cash resources built up. Although this was a difficult time for World-Wide, the company, through early action and conservative financial management, was able to ride the recession with little of the problems seen elsewhere in the industry.
In the mid 1970s Pao had bought from Li Ka-shing a 10% holding in the Hong Kong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Co. Ltd. (now The Wharf (Holdings)) and by 1977 had built this to 30%. Wharf had historically been in the Jardine Matheson sphere of influence. Friction with the Jardine camp broke out in the late 1970s over board appointments which concluded with the Pao camp being allowed two more directorships (making 4 out of a total 12). Hostilities broke out again in June 1980 with Jardines launching a cash and shares bid for Wharf. Although in Europe at the time, Pao and his team were able rapidly to put together a successful cash tender for shares to take his holding to 49% and securing control of Wharf. Pao then took over the roles of chairman and Chief Executive. Wharf gave World-Wide exposure to prime Kowloon waterfront property as well as ownership of Hong Kong Tramway and the Star Ferry.
In 1985, Pao was able to take control of Wheelock Marden, one of Hong Kong's premier companies established in 1857, when John Cheung sold his 34% stake to Pao for HK$2.5 billion forming a core shareholding from which to launch a bid in opposition to the bid from Tan Sri Khoo Teck Puat who had bought John Marden's 34% stake in the company. Wheelock gave World-Wide exposure to more prime central Hong Kong property as well as the Lane Crawford department store.
Retirement and other activities
In 1986, Pao retired from day-to-day management of the group handing over the shipping business to his son-in-law Helmut Sohmen and the Wheelock / Wharf interests to Peter Woo, another son-in-law. By 1989 he announced that he had given up his interests in the Trusts that held the Pao family assets (the shipping interests going to the Sohmen family and the Wheelock / Wharf interests going to the Woo family) and gave up his title as Honorary Chairman of World International. He had already retired from his directorship of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in 1983 when he hit the mandatory retirement age of 65 but continued to lead a very active life taking in advisory roles (formal and informal) and philanthropic activities. Over the years, Pao was on a number of corporate advisory committees including Chase Manhattan Bank, Industrial Bank of Japan, AT&T, United Technologies Corporation and Caterpillar Inc.
Pao was active in philanthropic works and was particularly interested in educational projects. Among notable gifts were US$20m to found Ningbo University, a £14m contribution to the Sino-British Friendship Scholarship scheme to enable Chinese students to attend British Universities and a US$10m gift to build a library at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Personal
Pao had 4 daughters. On 23 September 1991, Pao died in Hong Kong at age 72. His son-in-law Peter Woo became the patriarch of Pao's business empire.
Legacy
The YK Pao School in Shanghai was founded in memory of Sir Yue-Kong Pao. Yue-Kong Pao Hall at Purdue University and the Pao Yue-Kong library at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University were also named in his honour. There is also a Sir Yue-Kong Pao Hall in Chinese International School as well as Pao Yue Kong Swimming Pool in Wong Chuk Hang in Hong Kong.
Sources
Hutcheon, Robin (1990). First Sea Lord. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. ISBN 962-201-454-2.
References
^ "No. 47549". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 June 1978. p. 6230.
^ "No. 47736". The London Gazette. 5 January 1979. p. 207.
^ "No. 46777". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1975. p. 18.
^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
^ Sohmen, Anna Pao (2012). Y. K. Pao : My Father. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-988-8083-31-2.
^ "Leisure and Cultural Services Department - Beaches and Swimming Pools - Information on Public Swimming Pools". www.lcsd.gov.hk. Leisure and Cultural Services Department.
External links
Pao family profile at Forbes.com
vteBW GroupCompanies
BW Group
Defunct companies
Bergesen d.y. ASA
World-Wide Shipping
People
Sigval Bergesen d.y.
Yue-Kong Pao
Helmut Sohmen
See also: Category:BW Group
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Germany
Israel
United States
Netherlands
People
Deutsche Biographie
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chinese name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_name"},{"link_name":"family name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_surname"},{"link_name":"Pao","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bao_(surname)"},{"link_name":"personal name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name"},{"link_name":"Western name order","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name#Western_name_order"},{"link_name":"Sir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir"},{"link_name":"CBE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBE"},{"link_name":"JP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_of_the_Peace"},{"link_name":"Chinese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters"},{"link_name":"pinyin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin"},{"link_name":"Worldwide Shipping Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BW_Group"},{"link_name":"deadweight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage"},{"link_name":"The Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company Limited","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wharf_(Holdings)"},{"link_name":"Margaret Thatcher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher"},{"link_name":"Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Drafting_Committee"}],"text":"In this Chinese name, the family name is Pao.The native form of this personal name is Pao Yue-kong. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.Sir Yue-Kong Pao CBE JP (Chinese: 包玉剛; pinyin: Bāo Yùgāng; 10 November 1918 — 23 September 1991), is the founder of Hong Kong's Worldwide Shipping Group which in the 20 years from purchasing its first used ship in 1955 became by far the largest shipping company in the world with over 20 million tonnes deadweight (DWT). Anticipating the seriousness of the shipping downturn starting in the late 1970s, he drastically reduced his fleet and was able to pay off associated debt and raise cash to diversify his interests notably through the purchase of a controlling stake in The Hongkong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Company Limited (now known as Wharf (Holdings)) and later Wheelock Marden giving exposure to Hong Kong real estate, shipping terminals, retail, ferries, and trams. He was noted for his unmatched access to leaders in both the commercial and political arenas and was equally at ease with Western political leaders and the Chinese leadership in the run-up to Hong Kong's ceasing to be a British colony in 1997 (for example Margaret Thatcher wrote the foreword to his biography published in 1990 and he was appointed a Vice-Chairman of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee planning Hong Kong's constitution after 1997). He was also a generous philanthropist notably in educational projects (helping set up universities, libraries, and scholarship schemes). He died in 1991 but his corporate legacy continues to be controlled and run by his family.","title":"Yue-Kong Pao"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ningbo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ningbo"},{"link_name":"Bao Zheng","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bao_Zheng"},{"link_name":"Hankou","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hankou"},{"link_name":"Hunan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunan"}],"text":"Pao was born in 1918 in Ningbo, the third of seven children of an upper-middle-class family. He was a 29th-generation descendant of Bao Zheng. In 1931, he went to Hankou to work in his father's shoe manufacturing business whilst continuing his education at night. However, he decided that the shoe business did not suit him and he secured a traineeship with a foreign insurance company. By the age of twenty, he was established in his new position and married his wife Huang Sue-Ing, who was chosen by his parents.In 1937, Hankou came under attack from the Japanese, and Pao along with 70 colleagues moved to Hunan and then Shanghai whilst leaving his wife in the relative safety of Ningbo. As tension eased, he sent for his wife to join him.","title":"Early life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hengyang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hengyang"},{"link_name":"Chongqing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongqing"}],"text":"In the late 1930s in Shanghai, Pao found a position in the insurance department of the Central Trust of China. Pao was soon moving up the corporate ladder, moving into the area of banking, and moving to Hengyang and Chongqing as the progress of the war dictated.In 1945, at the end of the war, he was sent by the Government back to Shanghai to help set up and manage the new Municipal Bank and in a short time had worked his way to Deputy general manager, effectively in charge.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bamboo Curtain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_Curtain"},{"link_name":"Korean War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War"},{"link_name":"Jake Saunders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_Saunders"},{"link_name":"Guy Sayer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Sayer"},{"link_name":"the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hongkong_and_Shanghai_Banking_Corporation"}],"sub_title":"Move to Hong Kong","text":"With the approaching fall of the \"Bamboo Curtain\", Pao and all his family had moved to Hong Kong by the spring of 1949, having managed to remit much of the family's assets and money before events made it impossible. It was impossible to resume a banking career and, given the prevailing uncertainties, he did not wish to commit to investing in machinery and land in Hong Kong, so Pao started an Import/Export business dealing in Chinese goods. Following the UN trade embargo resulting from China's entry into the Korean War, the company broadened its scope to Europe, although trade with China continued in a circuitous way through skilful exploitation of legal loopholes in the embargo. It was during the first half of the 1950s that Pao first made contact with Jake Saunders (who was running the Imports Department) and Guy Sayer (also working in the department) at the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. Both were later to become Chief Manager and Chairman of the bank, and the relationship was to be a decisive element in the growth of Pao's businesses.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"DWT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage"},{"link_name":"Onassis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle_Onassis"},{"link_name":"Niarchos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavros_Niarchos"},{"link_name":"Hong Kong University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Hong_Kong"},{"link_name":"Newsweek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek"},{"link_name":"American Academy of Achievement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"knighted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight"}],"sub_title":"Founding of World-Wide Shipping","text":"As his business grew, Pao looked around for suitable new ventures and in 1955 decided to branch into shipping (still focusing on assets that were not fixed in Hong Kong) and embarked on an intensive learning process. Shipowning in Hong Kong had a poor reputation at that time with the banks and so the first vessel, a 28-year-old coal burning 8,200 tonne freighter, was purchased without finance. Having seen this and the rigorousness employed by Pao in the purchase process, the Hongkong Bank extended a loan for the second purchase, the start of long and fruitful relationship which led to Pao being appointed to the board of the bank in 1971 and later to become its vice-chairman.The shipping business grew rapidly driven by the post war economic miracle taking place in Japan and the resulting need for freight and oil carrying capacity. Pao devised a system whereby he was able to secure bank guaranteed three-year charters prior to purchasing ships thus significantly reducing the business risks and creating a very attractive lending opportunity for the banks financing the ship purchase. This basic scheme (known in Japan as a \"shikumisen\" arrangement) was extended when World-Wide moved into commissioning construction of new ships in 1961.By 1979, the fleet was some 202 vessels with a total of 20.5 million DWT, by far and away the largest fleet in the world. Indeed, the fleet was larger than the combined fleets of the famous Onassis, Niarchos and Lemos families. In recognition of his achievements Pao was made an Honorary Doctor of Law by the Hong Kong University in 1975, and in 1976 appeared on the front cover of Newsweek magazine with the heading \"King of the Sea\". Pao received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1977.[4] He was knighted in 1978.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Li Ka-shing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Ka-shing"},{"link_name":"The Wharf (Holdings)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wharf_(Holdings)"},{"link_name":"Jardine Matheson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardine_Matheson"},{"link_name":"Tan Sri Khoo Teck Puat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoo_Teck_Puat"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"sub_title":"Diversification","text":"1978 saw the start of a severe downturn in the shipping business. Pao and his managers were quick to spot the problem and commenced a programme to reduce the fleet, especially crude oil carriers, selling ships as they came off charter. 140 ships were sold and the fleet reduced by half over a period of 4 to 5 years allowing debt to be paid off and cash resources built up. Although this was a difficult time for World-Wide, the company, through early action and conservative financial management, was able to ride the recession with little of the problems seen elsewhere in the industry.In the mid 1970s Pao had bought from Li Ka-shing a 10% holding in the Hong Kong and Kowloon Wharf and Godown Co. Ltd. (now The Wharf (Holdings)) and by 1977 had built this to 30%. Wharf had historically been in the Jardine Matheson sphere of influence. Friction with the Jardine camp broke out in the late 1970s over board appointments which concluded with the Pao camp being allowed two more directorships (making 4 out of a total 12). Hostilities broke out again in June 1980 with Jardines launching a cash and shares bid for Wharf. Although in Europe at the time, Pao and his team were able rapidly to put together a successful cash tender for shares to take his holding to 49% and securing control of Wharf. Pao then took over the roles of chairman and Chief Executive. Wharf gave World-Wide exposure to prime Kowloon waterfront property as well as ownership of Hong Kong Tramway and the Star Ferry.In 1985, Pao was able to take control of Wheelock Marden, one of Hong Kong's premier companies established in 1857, when John Cheung sold his 34% stake to Pao for HK$2.5 billion forming a core shareholding from which to launch a bid in opposition to the bid from Tan Sri Khoo Teck Puat who had bought John Marden's 34% stake in the company. Wheelock gave World-Wide exposure to more prime central Hong Kong property as well as the Lane Crawford department store.[5]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Helmut Sohmen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Sohmen"},{"link_name":"Peter Woo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Woo"},{"link_name":"Chase Manhattan Bank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chase_Bank"},{"link_name":"Industrial Bank of Japan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Bank_of_Japan"},{"link_name":"AT&T","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT%26T"},{"link_name":"United Technologies Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Technologies"},{"link_name":"Caterpillar Inc.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc."},{"link_name":"Ningbo University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ningbo_University"},{"link_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University"}],"sub_title":"Retirement and other activities","text":"In 1986, Pao retired from day-to-day management of the group handing over the shipping business to his son-in-law Helmut Sohmen and the Wheelock / Wharf interests to Peter Woo, another son-in-law. By 1989 he announced that he had given up his interests in the Trusts that held the Pao family assets (the shipping interests going to the Sohmen family and the Wheelock / Wharf interests going to the Woo family) and gave up his title as Honorary Chairman of World International. He had already retired from his directorship of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in 1983 when he hit the mandatory retirement age of 65 but continued to lead a very active life taking in advisory roles (formal and informal) and philanthropic activities. Over the years, Pao was on a number of corporate advisory committees including Chase Manhattan Bank, Industrial Bank of Japan, AT&T, United Technologies Corporation and Caterpillar Inc.Pao was active in philanthropic works and was particularly interested in educational projects. Among notable gifts were US$20m to found Ningbo University, a £14m contribution to the Sino-British Friendship Scholarship scheme to enable Chinese students to attend British Universities and a US$10m gift to build a library at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hong Kong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Hong_Kong"},{"link_name":"Peter Woo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Woo"}],"text":"Pao had 4 daughters. On 23 September 1991, Pao died in Hong Kong at age 72. His son-in-law Peter Woo became the patriarch of Pao's business empire.","title":"Personal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"YK Pao School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YK_Pao_School"},{"link_name":"Purdue University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purdue_University"},{"link_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Polytechnic_University"},{"link_name":"Wong Chuk Hang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Chuk_Hang"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"sub_title":"Legacy","text":"The YK Pao School in Shanghai was founded in memory of Sir Yue-Kong Pao. Yue-Kong Pao Hall at Purdue University and the Pao Yue-Kong library at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University were also named in his honour. There is also a Sir Yue-Kong Pao Hall in Chinese International School as well as Pao Yue Kong Swimming Pool in Wong Chuk Hang[6] in Hong Kong.","title":"Personal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"962-201-454-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/962-201-454-2"}],"text":"Hutcheon, Robin (1990). First Sea Lord. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. ISBN 962-201-454-2.","title":"Sources"}]
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[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Hutcheon, Robin (1990). First Sea Lord. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. ISBN 962-201-454-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/962-201-454-2","url_text":"962-201-454-2"}]},{"reference":"\"No. 47549\". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 June 1978. p. 6230.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/47549/supplement/6230","url_text":"\"No. 47549\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_London_Gazette","url_text":"The London Gazette"}]},{"reference":"\"No. 47736\". The London Gazette. 5 January 1979. p. 207.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/47736/page/207","url_text":"\"No. 47736\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_London_Gazette","url_text":"The London Gazette"}]},{"reference":"\"No. 46777\". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1975. p. 18.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/46777/supplement/18","url_text":"\"No. 46777\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_London_Gazette","url_text":"The London Gazette"}]},{"reference":"\"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement\". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.","urls":[{"url":"https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business","url_text":"\"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement","url_text":"American Academy of Achievement"}]},{"reference":"Sohmen, Anna Pao (2012). Y. K. Pao : My Father. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-988-8083-31-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-988-8083-31-2","url_text":"978-988-8083-31-2"}]},{"reference":"\"Leisure and Cultural Services Department - Beaches and Swimming Pools - Information on Public Swimming Pools\". www.lcsd.gov.hk. Leisure and Cultural Services Department.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.lcsd.gov.hk/clpss/en/webApp/Swimming.do?swpId=1","url_text":"\"Leisure and Cultural Services Department - Beaches and Swimming Pools - Information on Public Swimming Pools\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leisure_and_Cultural_Services_Department","url_text":"Leisure and Cultural Services Department"}]}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensationalised
|
Sensationalism
|
["1 History","2 Underlying causes","2.1 The role of profit","2.2 Politics","2.3 Novelty and unusualness","2.4 Time constraints","2.5 Competition","3 Features of sensationalism","3.1 Language","3.2 The teaser","3.3 Fearmongering","4 Impacts of sensationalism","4.1 Distortion of events","4.1.1 Overrepresentation of crime","4.1.2 Exaggeration of science news","5 Responses to sensationalism","6 See also","7 References"]
|
Type of editorial tactic used in mass media
Causes of death in the US vs media coverage. The percentage of media attention for terrorism, homicide or suicide is much greater than the percentage of deaths caused by it. There is a null in numerical data concerning deaths per day on various bars in media charts.
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Category: JournalismvteIn journalism and mass media, sensationalism is a type of editorial tactic. Events and topics in news stories are selected and worded to excite the greatest number of readers and viewers. This style of news reporting encourages biased or emotionally loaded impressions of events rather than neutrality, and may cause a manipulation to the truth of a story. Sensationalism may rely on reports about generally insignificant matters and portray them as a major influence on society, or biased presentations of newsworthy topics, in a trivial, or tabloid manner, contrary to general assumptions of professional journalistic standards.
Some tactics include being deliberately obtuse, appealing to emotions, being controversial, intentionally omitting facts and information, being loud and self-centered, and acting to obtain attention. Trivial information and events are sometimes misrepresented and exaggerated as important or significant, and often include stories about the actions of individuals and small groups of people, the content of which is often insignificant and irrelevant to the macro-level day-to-day events occurring globally.
History
See also: Jazz journalism, Yellow journalism, and Pulp magazine
In A History of News, Mitchell Stephens notes sensationalism can be found in the Ancient Roman gazette Acta Diurna, where official notices and announcements were presented daily on public message boards, the perceived content of which spread with enthusiasm in illiterate societies. Sensationalism was used in books of the 16th and 17th century, to teach moral lessons. According to Stephens, sensationalism brought the news to a new audience when it became aimed at the lower class, who had less of a need to accurately understand politics and the economy, to occupy them in other matters. Through sensationalism, he claims, the audience was further educated and encouraged to take more interest in the news.
The more modern forms of sensationalism developed in the course of the nineteenth century in parallel with the expansion of print culture in industrialized nations. A genre of British literature, "sensation novels," became in the 1860s an example of how the publishing industry could capitalize on surprising narrative to market serialized fiction in periodicals. The attention-grasping rhetorical techniques found in sensation fiction were also employed in articles on science, modern technology, finance, and in historical accounts of contemporary events. Sensationalism in nineteenth century could be found in popular culture, literature, performance, art history, theory, pre-cinema, and early cinema.
In the Soviet Union, strong censorship resulted in only "positive occurrences" being reported on, with the news looking significantly different than in the West.
In the United States, modern sensationalism in the news increased after the repeal of the Fairness Doctrine in 1987 by the Federal Communications Commission which required broadcasters when showing one partisan view to show another and in order to be a broadcaster one needed a license. In Western Europe sensationalism in the news also increased after the liberalization of television networks in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Underlying causes
See also: Tabloid journalism
The role of profit
See also: Succès de scandaleAmerican cartoon published in 1898, Remember the Maine! And Don't Forget the Starving Cubans! Such sensationalist cartoons were used to support American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.
In the late 1800s, falling costs in paper production and rising revenues in advertising in the U.S. led to a drastic rise in newspaper's circulation, which attracted the growing audiences that advertisers desired. One presumed goal of sensational reporting is to increase or sustain viewership or readership, from which media outlets can price their advertising higher to increase their profits based on higher numbers of viewers and/or readers. Sometimes this can lead to a lesser focus on objective journalism in favor of a profit motive, in which editorial choices are based upon sensational stories and presentations to increase advertising revenue. Additionally, advertisers tend to have a preference for their products or services to be reported positively in mass media, which can contribute to bias in news reporting in favor of media outlets protecting their profits and revenues, rather than reporting objectively about stated products and services. The more dependent news organizations are on advertising revenue a greater number of sensationalist news stories are produced is argued by Paul Hendriks Vettehen and Mariska Kleemans in Proving the Obvious? What Sensationalism Contributes to the Time Spent on News Video.
The Watergate scandal has been credited by some with creating distrust in government and opening the door for a new business tactic for the media that resulted in the spread of negative, dishonest and misleading news coverage of American politics; such examples include the labeling of a large number of political scandals, regardless of their importance, with the suffix "-gate".
Sensationalism has also been blamed for the infotainment style of many news programs on radio and television. According to sociologist John Thompson, the debate of sensationalism used in the mass medium of broadcasting is based on a misunderstanding of its audience, especially the television audience. Thompson explains that the term 'mass' (which is connected to broadcasting) suggests a 'vast audience of many thousands, even millions of passive individuals'. Television news is restricted to showing the scenes of crimes rather than the crime itself because of the unpredictability of events, whereas newspaper writers can always recall what they did not witness.
On web-based platforms such as Facebook, Google and YouTube their respective algorithms are used to maximize advertising revenue by attracting and keeping the attention of users. This business model results in sensationalist content often being prioritized as algorithms often predict that it will get the highest amount of engagement.
Politics
See also: Trial by media and Echo chamber (media)
The relationship of sensationalism to politics is not new. CBS News in 2020 described Trump as using fear, anxiety and anger to try and motivate voters.
Novelty and unusualness
See also: Man bites dog (journalism)
When trying to cater to younger audiences, news stories that are more sensational and unusual will often drown out stories that may be considered less exciting but more significant. In Mass Media and American Politics, Doris A. Graber and Johanna Dunaway give the example of how the Chicago Sun Times will give 20 times more space to sports in comparison to the state government. Covering singular news stories that are considered dramatic can lead to other stories being obscured.
Time constraints
See also: CNN effect
In a 24-hour news cycle, there will be instances where there is little news happening along with no developments in stories that are considered important and because of this they will need to fill the time by sharing a story that is less so about actual news and more intended to keep the audience's attention.
Competition
In news markets where there is more competition the more likely a certain news outlet will be to produce sensationalist stories as a way to compete with other outlets.
Features of sensationalism
See also: Viral phenomenon
Language
See also: Loaded language, Spin (propaganda), and Dumbing down
One feature of sensationalistic news is the intensification of language used in the article. Language that is sensationalist often is dramatic although vague yet hyperbolic usually at the expense of giving a distortion of reality. The most common use of sensationalist language is in the headlines of news articles.
"Slam Journalism" is a term describing the rise of intense, emotionally charged language in headlines, notably the use of the word slam to mean criticize. The data scientist Cory Booker suggests that news agencies simply " the language that resonates with their audience best."
Below are examples of such headlines, with the intense language highlighted in bold.
“Trump Slams Russia Investigation And Green New Deal At CPAC," NPR on March 2, 2019
“Democrats Blast Biden For Recalling ‘Civil’ Relationship With Segregationists” NPR on June 19, 2019
"Ocasio-Cortez slams Jerry Falwell Jr. in debate over CPAC comments" Fox News on March 5, 2019
The teaser
See also: Clickbait and Betteridge's law of headlines
David Berube considers the use of headlines to be the primary way sensationalism manifests in media, by creating teasers that use emotion to try and capture the attention of an audience even if the headline exaggerates or is otherwise misleading. In YouTube videos, the thumbnail image of a video can similarly mislead audiences.
Fearmongering
See also: Missing white woman syndrome, Culture of fear, and Outrage porn
The use of fearmongering is sometimes used by media outlets as well to gain attention to their content.
Impacts of sensationalism
See also: Fake news, Moral panic, and Mean world syndromeZeynep Tufecki argues that it's easier to shift the "Overton window" online thanks to algorithms replacing traditional gatekeepers of journalism.
C.P. Chandrasekhar argues that news outlets are at a higher risk of releasing content that is false because of how quickly news is circulated through the internet in order to capitalize on those views and clicks for profit.
Joe Sommerlad criticized algorithms used by Google News for not promoting more trustworthy sources.
Distortion of events
Overrepresentation of crime
See also: Fear of crime
One of the most prominent and most covered news topics is crime being represented disproportionately to other social problems. Most often what is covered is the "accounts of the commission of crime and law-enforcement activities." A lesser amount but still significant level is given to court proceedings and the least related to corrections giving the public a limited understand of the criminal justice system and the social contexts of crime.
Exaggeration of science news
See also: Science by press conference
With science news, the press release may be relied upon heavily, which can exaggerate or spin the findings. One theory for this practice, in addition to time constraints, is that journalists do not access academic articles as much since many are behind paywalls. One example of sensationalism in science news was in 1998 when Andrew Wakefield published a study in The Lancet showing a link between MMR vaccines and autism with it reaching the news media via press releases and a news conference getting widespread coverage despite the publication being flawed and the article later being debunked and retracted.
Responses to sensationalism
See also: Nonprofit journalism and List of journalism awards
Fact-checking websites, media literacy, better content moderation on social media, and legislation have been pursued to reduce the negative impacts of algorithms and sensational media.
When American public television news came about in the mid-20th century it came about in part in response to the commercial news stations having sensationalized news prioritized above that of "serious reporting".
See also
Agnotology, the study of culturally-induced ignorance or doubt
Exploitation film
Infotainment
Junk food news
Media circus
Media manipulation
Propaganda model, in mass media
Sound bite
Tuchman's Law
References
^ a b "Issue Area: Sensationalism". Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
^ a b c d e Stephens, Mitchell (2007). A History of News (3 ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 55–57. ISBN 978-0-19-518991-9.
^ a b Thompson, John (June 22, 1999). "The Media and Modernity". In Mackay, Hugh; O'Sullivan, Tim (eds.). The Media Reader: Continuity and Transformation. Sage Publications Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7619-6250-2.
^ "Sensationalism." Webster's Dictionary. Accessed June 2011.
^ a b "Sensationalism." The Free Dictionary. Accessed June 2011.
^ "Issue Area: Narrow Range of Debate." Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting. Accessed June 2011.
^ Alberto Gabriele, Reading Popular Culture in Victorian Print: Belgravia and Sensationalism, New York and London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009 ISBN 978-0-230-61521-2
^ Alberto Gabriele, ed. Sensationalism and the Genealogy of Modernity: a Global Nineteenth Century Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016 ISBN 978-1-137-60128-5
^ Nordenstreng, Kaarle; Björk, Ulf Jonas; Beyersdorf, Frank; Høyer, Svennik; Lauk, Epp (2015). A History of the International Movement of Journalists: Professionalism Versus Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 28. ISBN 9781137530554. Retrieved April 19, 2024 – via Google Books. no dramatic or sensationalism news: no accidents, no murder, adulteries or corruptions
^ Brooks, Brian S.; Pinson, James L. (2022). "Journalisms Credibility Problems". The Art of Editing: In the Age of Convergence (Ebook) (12th ed.). Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-52998-2 – via Google Books. Today, we're living through a second Party Press Era combined with a second Yellow Journalism Era-blatant partisanship combined with sensationalism. This is probably most evident in the coverage of cable television's 24-hour news channels. It started with the 1987 repeal by President Ronald Reagan's Federal Communications Commission of the 1949 so-called "Fairness Doctrine" which had required broadcasters to counter any partisan view with the opposite side
^ Ruane, Kathleen Ann (July 13, 2011). Fairness Doctrine: History and Constitutional Issues (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
^ Arbaoui, Bouchra; Swert, Knut De; Brug, Wouter van der (2020). "Sensationalism in news coverage: A comparative study in 14 television systems" (PDF). Communication Research. 47 (2). University of Amsterdam: 299–300. doi:10.1177/0093650216663364. Retrieved March 18, 2024 – via UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository). The liberalization of West European television systems in the late 1980s and early 1990s is often linked to an increase of infotainment and sensationalism in television news coverage
^ Kaplan, Richard L. (2008-06-05), "Yellow Journalism", The International Encyclopedia of Communication, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, doi:10.1002/9781405186407.wbiecy001, ISBN 978-1-4051-8640-7, retrieved 2021-03-31
^ "What's Wrong With The News?" Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting. Accessed June 2011.
^ a b "Issue Area: Advertiser Influence." Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting. Accessed June 2011.
^ a b c McChesney, Fred S. (1987). "Sensationalism, Newspaper Profits and the Marginal Value of Watergate". Economic Inquiry. 25 (1): 135–44. doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1987.tb00728.x.
^ "Issue Area: Censorship." Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting. Accessed June 2011.
^ Vettehen, Paul Hendriks; Kleemans, Mariska (2017). "Proving the Obvious? What Sensationalism Contributes to the Time Spent on News Video". Electronic News. 12 (2): 114. doi:10.1177/1931243117739947. hdl:2066/191971. In addition, the more news organizations are dependent on advertising revenues (commercial vs. public service stations), the more sensationalist news stories they produce
^ a b Finney, Daniel P. (16 June 2012). "Watergate scandal changed the political landscape forever". USA Today. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019.
^ Stone, Deborah (2020). Counting: How We Use Numbers to Decide What Matters. Liveright. ISBN 9781631495939. Retrieved April 10, 2024 – via Google Books.
^ a b c d Vanacore, Ryan (November 12, 2021). "Sensationalism in Media". Reporter Magazine.
^ Watson, Kathryn (2020-09-29). "Trump banks on fear and anxiety to motivate voters - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
^ Graber, Doris A.; Dunaway, Johanna (2017). Mass Media and American Politics. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781506340241. Retrieved March 8, 2024 – via Google Books. When the goal is to attract young viewers, sensational and novel occurrences often drown out news of more significant that lacks excitement. For instance, a fairly typical newspaper such as the Chicago Sun Times devotes nearly twenty times more space to sports than to news about the state's government. Dramatic events, such as airline hijackings or serial murders, preempt more far-reaching consequential happenings. Preoccupation with a single striking event, such as the 2009 impeachment of Illinois governor Rod Blagojevich, can shortchange coverage of other news
^ Thiel, Kristin (2018). Television News and the 24-Hour News Cycle. Cavendish Square. p. 30. ISBN 9781502634931 – via Google Books.
^ Vettehen, Paul Hendriks; Kleemans, Mariska (2017). "Proving the Obvious? What Sensationalism Contributes to the Time Spent on News Video". SageJournal. 12 (2): 114. doi:10.1177/1931243117739947. hdl:2066/191971.
^ Burgers, Christian; de Graaf, Anneke (2013-01-29). "Language intensity as a sensationalistic news feature: The influence of style on sensationalism perceptions and effects". Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research. 38 (2). doi:10.1515/commun-2013-0010. ISSN 1613-4087.
^ "How to Spot 16 Types of Media Bias". AllSides. 26 August 2019. Retrieved March 9, 2024.
^ a b c Foster, Corbin (October 4, 2019). "Blog: The Rise of "Slam" Journalism". Textio. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
^ Banning, Stephen A. (2020). Journalism Standards of Work Today: Using History to Create a New Code of Journalism Ethics. Cambridge Scholars Publisher. p. 120. ISBN 9781527559028. Retrieved April 10, 2024 – via Google Books.
^ Tufekci, Zeynep (2016-03-31). "Opinion | Adventures in the Trump Twittersphere". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
^ Chandrasekhar, C.P. (2013). "The Business of News in the Age of the Internet". Social Scientist. 41 (5/6): 25–39. ISSN 0970-0293. JSTOR 23611116.
^ Sommerlad, Joe (2018-06-18). "This is how Google News decides what to show you". The Independent. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
^ NEWS COVERAGE AND CRIME: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF AGENTS INVOLVED IN NEWS PRODUCTION (PDF). University of North Carolina Wilmington. 2010. p. 1. One of the most prevalent subjects of media discourse is crime. Crime is represented in many different media categories from entertainment to news and intermediate forms such as infotainment. While entertainment media doubtlessly have a significant socializing effect, they generally do not claim to be a true representation of reality. However, news media do make this claim (Mason, 2006; Surette, 2003). Despite this, studies show that when it comes to crime, media representations do not accurately reflect reality (Surette, 2003).. Additionally, crime news is one of the most prominent categories in news media; it is covered disproportionately more than other social problems (Leishman & Mason, 2003; Gans, 2004).
^ Chagnon, Nicholas J. (2010). NEWS COVERAGE AND CRIME: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF AGENTS INVOLVED IN NEWS PRODUCTION (PDF). University of North Carolina Wilmington. p. 10. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
^ a b c Dempster, Georgia; Sutherland, Georgina; Keogh, Louise (March 7, 2022). "Scientific research in news media: a case study of misrepresentation, sensationalism and harmful recommendations". Journal of Science Communication. 21 (1): A06. doi:10.22323/2.21010206.
^ Moore, Andrew (December 2006). "Bad science in the headlines. Who takes responsibility when science is distorted in the mass media?". EMBO Reports. 7 (12): 1193–1196. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400862. PMC 1794697. PMID 17139292.
^ Vasu, Norman; Ang, Benjamin; Teo, Terri-Anne; Jayakumar, Shashi; Faizal, Muhammad; Ahuja, Juhi (2018). "International Responses to Fake News". Fake News: National Security in the Post-Truth Era. S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies. pp. 18–25. JSTOR resrep17648.8.
^ Sterling, Christopher H. (2009). Encyclopedia of Journalism. Vol. 6. SAGE Publications. p. 1155. ISBN 978-0-7619-2957-4 – via Google Books.
Look up sensationalism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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The percentage of media attention for terrorism, homicide or suicide is much greater than the percentage of deaths caused by it. There is a null in numerical data concerning deaths per day on various bars in media charts.[improper synthesis?]In journalism and mass media, sensationalism is a type of editorial tactic. Events and topics in news stories are selected and worded to excite the greatest number of readers and viewers. This style of news reporting encourages biased or emotionally loaded impressions of events rather than neutrality, and may cause a manipulation to the truth of a story.[1][better source needed] Sensationalism may rely on reports about generally insignificant matters and portray them as a major influence on society, or biased presentations of newsworthy topics, in a trivial, or tabloid manner, contrary to general assumptions of professional journalistic standards.[2][3]Some tactics include being deliberately obtuse,[4] appealing to emotions,[5][better source needed] being controversial, intentionally omitting facts and information,[6][better source needed] being loud and self-centered, and acting to obtain attention.[5][better source needed] Trivial information and events are sometimes misrepresented and exaggerated as important or significant, and often include stories about the actions of individuals and small groups of people,[1][better source needed] the content of which is often insignificant and irrelevant to the macro-level day-to-day events occurring globally.","title":"Sensationalism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jazz journalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_journalism"},{"link_name":"Yellow journalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism"},{"link_name":"Pulp magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_magazine"},{"link_name":"Mitchell Stephens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell_Stephens_(academic)"},{"link_name":"Ancient Roman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome"},{"link_name":"Acta Diurna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acta_Diurna"},{"link_name":"illiterate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-stephens-2"},{"link_name":"moral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morality"},{"link_name":"lessons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lessons"},{"link_name":"lower class","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_class"},{"link_name":"politics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics"},{"link_name":"economy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-stephens-2"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"additional citation(s) needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Fairness Doctrine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairness_doctrine"},{"link_name":"Federal Communications Commission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"page needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"See also: Jazz journalism, Yellow journalism, and Pulp magazineIn A History of News, Mitchell Stephens notes sensationalism can be found in the Ancient Roman gazette Acta Diurna, where official notices and announcements were presented daily on public message boards, the perceived content of which spread with enthusiasm in illiterate societies.[2] Sensationalism was used in books of the 16th and 17th century, to teach moral lessons. According to Stephens, sensationalism brought the news to a new audience when it became aimed at the lower class, who had less of a need to accurately understand politics and the economy, to occupy them in other matters. Through sensationalism, he claims, the audience was further educated and encouraged to take more interest in the news.[2]The more modern forms of sensationalism developed in the course of the nineteenth century in parallel with the expansion of print culture in industrialized nations. A genre of British literature, \"sensation novels,\" became in the 1860s an example of how the publishing industry could capitalize on surprising narrative to market serialized fiction in periodicals.[citation needed] The attention-grasping rhetorical techniques found in sensation fiction were also employed in articles on science, modern technology, finance, and in historical accounts of contemporary events.[7] Sensationalism in nineteenth century could be found in popular culture, literature, performance, art history, theory, pre-cinema, and early cinema.[8]In the Soviet Union, strong censorship resulted in only \"positive occurrences\" being reported on, with the news looking significantly different than in the West.[9][additional citation(s) needed]In the United States, modern sensationalism in the news increased after the repeal of the Fairness Doctrine in 1987 by the Federal Communications Commission which required broadcasters when showing one partisan view to show another[10][page needed] and in order to be a broadcaster one needed a license.[11] In Western Europe sensationalism in the news also increased after the liberalization of television networks in the late 1980s and early 1990s.[12]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tabloid journalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloid_journalism"}],"text":"See also: Tabloid journalism","title":"Underlying causes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Succès de scandale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succ%C3%A8s_de_scandale"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Remember_the_Maine!_And_Don%27t_Forget_the_Starving_Cubans!_-_Victor_Gillam_(cropped).jpg"},{"link_name":"Maine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Maine_(1889)"},{"link_name":"Cuban War of Independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_War_of_Independence"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"viewership","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nielsen_ratings"},{"link_name":"advertising","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising"},{"link_name":"profits","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profit_(accounting)"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-whatswrong-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-advertiserinfluence-15"},{"link_name":"better source needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS"},{"link_name":"objective journalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_journalism"},{"link_name":"profit motive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profit_motive"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-watersen-16"},{"link_name":"revenue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-watersen-16"},{"link_name":"objectively","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalistic_objectivity"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-advertiserinfluence-15"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-censorship-17"},{"link_name":"better source needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Watergate scandal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_scandal"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-watersen-16"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-waterzzv-19"},{"link_name":"suffix \"-gate\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scandals_with_%22-gate%22_suffix"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-waterzzv-19"},{"link_name":"infotainment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infotainment"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-stephens-2"},{"link_name":"sociologist John Thompson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Thompson_(sociologist)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-thompson-3"},{"link_name":"unpredictability","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictability"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-stephens-2"},{"link_name":"verification needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability"},{"link_name":"Facebook","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook"},{"link_name":"Google","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google"},{"link_name":"YouTube","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"sub_title":"The role of profit","text":"See also: Succès de scandaleAmerican cartoon published in 1898, Remember the Maine! And Don't Forget the Starving Cubans! Such sensationalist cartoons were used to support American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.In the late 1800s, falling costs in paper production and rising revenues in advertising in the U.S. led to a drastic rise in newspaper's circulation,[13] which attracted the growing audiences that advertisers desired. One presumed goal of sensational reporting is to increase or sustain viewership or readership, from which media outlets can price their advertising higher to increase their profits based on higher numbers of viewers and/or readers.[14][15][better source needed] Sometimes this can lead to a lesser focus on objective journalism in favor of a profit motive,[16] in which editorial choices are based upon sensational stories and presentations to increase advertising revenue.[16] Additionally, advertisers tend to have a preference for their products or services to be reported positively in mass media, which can contribute to bias in news reporting in favor of media outlets protecting their profits and revenues, rather than reporting objectively about stated products and services.[15][17][better source needed] The more dependent news organizations are on advertising revenue a greater number of sensationalist news stories are produced is argued by Paul Hendriks Vettehen and Mariska Kleemans in Proving the Obvious? What Sensationalism Contributes to the Time Spent on News Video.[18]The Watergate scandal has been credited by some with creating distrust in government and opening the door for a new business tactic for the media that resulted in the spread of negative, dishonest and misleading news coverage of American politics;[16][19] such examples include the labeling of a large number of political scandals, regardless of their importance, with the suffix \"-gate\".[19]Sensationalism has also been blamed for the infotainment style of many news programs on radio and television.[2] According to sociologist John Thompson, the debate of sensationalism used in the mass medium of broadcasting is based on a misunderstanding of its audience, especially the television audience. Thompson explains that the term 'mass' (which is connected to broadcasting) suggests a 'vast audience of many thousands, even millions of passive individuals'.[3] Television news is restricted to showing the scenes of crimes rather than the crime itself because of the unpredictability of events, whereas newspaper writers can always recall what they did not witness.[2][verification needed]On web-based platforms such as Facebook, Google and YouTube their respective algorithms are used to maximize advertising revenue by attracting and keeping the attention of users. This business model results in sensationalist content often being prioritized as algorithms often predict that it will get the highest amount of engagement.[20]","title":"Underlying causes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Trial by media","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_by_media"},{"link_name":"Echo chamber (media)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_chamber_(media)"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"}],"sub_title":"Politics","text":"See also: Trial by media and Echo chamber (media)The relationship of sensationalism to politics is not new.[21] CBS News in 2020 described Trump as using fear, anxiety and anger to try and motivate voters.[22]","title":"Underlying causes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Man bites dog (journalism)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_bites_dog_(journalism)"},{"link_name":"Doris A. Graber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Graber"},{"link_name":"Chicago Sun Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"page needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources"}],"sub_title":"Novelty and unusualness","text":"See also: Man bites dog (journalism)When trying to cater to younger audiences, news stories that are more sensational and unusual will often drown out stories that may be considered less exciting but more significant. In Mass Media and American Politics, Doris A. Graber and Johanna Dunaway give the example of how the Chicago Sun Times will give 20 times more space to sports in comparison to the state government. Covering singular news stories that are considered dramatic can lead to other stories being obscured.[23][page needed]","title":"Underlying causes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"CNN effect","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN_effect"},{"link_name":"24-hour news cycle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24-hour_news_cycle"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"}],"sub_title":"Time constraints","text":"See also: CNN effectIn a 24-hour news cycle, there will be instances where there is little news happening along with no developments in stories that are considered important and because of this they will need to fill the time by sharing a story that is less so about actual news and more intended to keep the audience's attention.[24]","title":"Underlying causes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"}],"sub_title":"Competition","text":"In news markets where there is more competition the more likely a certain news outlet will be to produce sensationalist stories as a way to compete with other outlets.[25]","title":"Underlying causes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Viral phenomenon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_phenomenon"}],"text":"See also: Viral phenomenon","title":"Features of sensationalism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Loaded language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loaded_language"},{"link_name":"Spin (propaganda)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(propaganda)"},{"link_name":"Dumbing down","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumbing_down"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-21"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-28"},{"link_name":"better source needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS"},{"link_name":"data scientist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_science"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-28"},{"link_name":"better source needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-28"},{"link_name":"better source needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS"},{"link_name":"NPR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR"}],"sub_title":"Language","text":"See also: Loaded language, Spin (propaganda), and Dumbing downOne feature of sensationalistic news is the intensification of language used in the article.[26] Language that is sensationalist often is dramatic although vague yet hyperbolic usually at the expense of giving a distortion of reality.[27] The most common use of sensationalist language is in the headlines of news articles.[21]\"Slam Journalism\" is a term describing the rise of intense, emotionally charged language in headlines, notably the use of the word slam to mean criticize.[28][better source needed] The data scientist Cory Booker suggests that news agencies simply \"[speak] the language that resonates with their audience best.\"[28][better source needed]Below are examples of such headlines, with the intense language highlighted in bold.[28][better source needed]“Trump Slams Russia Investigation And Green New Deal At CPAC,\" NPR on March 2, 2019\n“Democrats Blast Biden For Recalling ‘Civil’ Relationship With Segregationists” NPR on June 19, 2019\n\"Ocasio-Cortez slams Jerry Falwell Jr. in debate over CPAC comments\" Fox News on March 5, 2019","title":"Features of sensationalism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Clickbait","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clickbait"},{"link_name":"Betteridge's law of headlines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betteridge%27s_law_of_headlines"},{"link_name":"David Berube","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_M._Berube"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-21"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"}],"sub_title":"The teaser","text":"See also: Clickbait and Betteridge's law of headlinesDavid Berube considers the use of headlines to be the primary way sensationalism manifests in media, by creating teasers that use emotion to try and capture the attention of an audience even if the headline exaggerates or is otherwise misleading.[21] In YouTube videos, the thumbnail image of a video can similarly mislead audiences.[29]","title":"Features of sensationalism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Missing white woman syndrome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missing_white_woman_syndrome"},{"link_name":"Culture of fear","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_fear"},{"link_name":"Outrage porn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outrage_porn"},{"link_name":"fearmongering","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fearmongering"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-21"}],"sub_title":"Fearmongering","text":"See also: Missing white woman syndrome, Culture of fear, and Outrage pornThe use of fearmongering is sometimes used by media outlets as well to gain attention to their content.[21]","title":"Features of sensationalism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fake news","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fake_news"},{"link_name":"Moral panic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_panic"},{"link_name":"Mean world syndrome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_world_syndrome"},{"link_name":"Overton window","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overton_window"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-30"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"verification needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability"},{"link_name":"better source needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-32"}],"text":"See also: Fake news, Moral panic, and Mean world syndromeZeynep Tufecki argues that it's easier to shift the \"Overton window\" online thanks to algorithms replacing traditional gatekeepers of journalism.[30]C.P. Chandrasekhar argues that news outlets are at a higher risk of releasing content that is false because of how quickly news is circulated through the internet in order to capitalize on those views and clicks for profit.[31][verification needed][better source needed]Joe Sommerlad criticized algorithms used by Google News for not promoting more trustworthy sources.[32]","title":"Impacts of sensationalism"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Distortion of events","title":"Impacts of sensationalism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fear of crime","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_of_crime"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"}],"sub_title":"Distortion of events - Overrepresentation of crime","text":"See also: Fear of crimeOne of the most prominent and most covered news topics is crime being represented disproportionately to other social problems.[33] Most often what is covered is the \"accounts of the commission of crime and law-enforcement activities.\" A lesser amount but still significant level is given to court proceedings and the least related to corrections giving the public a limited understand of the criminal justice system and the social contexts of crime.[34]","title":"Impacts of sensationalism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Science by press conference","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_by_press_conference"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-35"},{"link_name":"Andrew Wakefield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield"},{"link_name":"The Lancet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet"},{"link_name":"link between MMR vaccines and autism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancet_MMR_autism_fraud"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-35"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-35"}],"sub_title":"Distortion of events - Exaggeration of science news","text":"See also: Science by press conferenceWith science news, the press release may be relied upon heavily, which can exaggerate or spin the findings. One theory for this practice, in addition to time constraints, is that journalists do not access academic articles as much since many are behind paywalls.[35] One example of sensationalism in science news was in 1998 when Andrew Wakefield published a study in The Lancet showing a link between MMR vaccines and autism[35] with it reaching the news media via press releases and a news conference[36] getting widespread coverage despite the publication being flawed and the article later being debunked and retracted.[35]","title":"Impacts of sensationalism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Nonprofit journalism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonprofit_journalism"},{"link_name":"List of journalism awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_journalism_awards"},{"link_name":"Fact-checking","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact-checking"},{"link_name":"media literacy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_literacy"},{"link_name":"content moderation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_moderation"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"}],"text":"See also: Nonprofit journalism and List of journalism awardsFact-checking websites, media literacy, better content moderation on social media, and legislation have been pursued to reduce the negative impacts of algorithms and sensational media.[37]When American public television news came about in the mid-20th century it came about in part in response to the commercial news stations having sensationalized news prioritized above that of \"serious reporting\".[38]","title":"Responses to sensationalism"}]
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[{"image_text":"Causes of death in the US vs media coverage. The percentage of media attention for terrorism, homicide or suicide is much greater than the percentage of deaths caused by it. There is a null in numerical data concerning deaths per day on various bars in media charts.[improper synthesis?]","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Causes-of-death-in-USA-vs.-media-coverage.png/330px-Causes-of-death-in-USA-vs.-media-coverage.png"},{"image_text":"American cartoon published in 1898, Remember the Maine! And Don't Forget the Starving Cubans! Such sensationalist cartoons were used to support American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Remember_the_Maine%21_And_Don%27t_Forget_the_Starving_Cubans%21_-_Victor_Gillam_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Remember_the_Maine%21_And_Don%27t_Forget_the_Starving_Cubans%21_-_Victor_Gillam_%28cropped%29.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"Agnotology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnotology"},{"title":"Exploitation film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploitation_film"},{"title":"Infotainment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infotainment"},{"title":"Junk food news","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junk_food_news"},{"title":"Media circus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_circus"},{"title":"Media manipulation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_manipulation"},{"title":"Propaganda model","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_model"},{"title":"Sound bite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_bite"},{"title":"Tuchman's Law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_W._Tuchman#Tuchman's_Law"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Issue Area: Sensationalism\". Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120205021104/http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=7&issue_area_id=49","url_text":"\"Issue Area: Sensationalism\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairness_and_Accuracy_In_Reporting","url_text":"Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting"},{"url":"http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=7&issue_area_id=49","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Stephens, Mitchell (2007). A History of News (3 ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 55–57. ISBN 978-0-19-518991-9.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell_Stephens_(academic)","url_text":"Stephens, Mitchell"},{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=gsUaAQAAIAAJ","url_text":"A History of News"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518991-9","url_text":"978-0-19-518991-9"}]},{"reference":"Thompson, John (June 22, 1999). \"The Media and Modernity\". In Mackay, Hugh; O'Sullivan, Tim (eds.). The Media Reader: Continuity and Transformation. Sage Publications Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7619-6250-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Thompson_(sociologist)","url_text":"Thompson, John"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-6250-2","url_text":"978-0-7619-6250-2"}]},{"reference":"Nordenstreng, Kaarle; Björk, Ulf Jonas; Beyersdorf, Frank; Høyer, Svennik; Lauk, Epp (2015). A History of the International Movement of Journalists: Professionalism Versus Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 28. ISBN 9781137530554. Retrieved April 19, 2024 – via Google Books. no dramatic or sensationalism news: no accidents, no murder, adulteries or corruptions","urls":[{"url":"https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_History_of_the_International_Movement/q3D-CgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0","url_text":"A History of the International Movement of Journalists: Professionalism Versus Politics"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137530554","url_text":"9781137530554"}]},{"reference":"Brooks, Brian S.; Pinson, James L. (2022). \"Journalisms Credibility Problems\". The Art of Editing: In the Age of Convergence (Ebook) (12th ed.). Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-52998-2 – via Google Books. Today, we're living through a second Party Press Era combined with a second Yellow Journalism Era-blatant partisanship combined with sensationalism. This is probably most evident in the coverage of cable television's 24-hour news channels. It started with the 1987 repeal by President Ronald Reagan's Federal Communications Commission of the 1949 so-called \"Fairness Doctrine\" which had required broadcasters to counter any partisan view with the opposite side","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=R4lfEAAAQBAJ","url_text":"The Art of Editing: In the Age of Convergence"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-52998-2","url_text":"978-1-000-52998-2"}]},{"reference":"Ruane, Kathleen Ann (July 13, 2011). Fairness Doctrine: History and Constitutional Issues (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved April 19, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R40009.pdf","url_text":"Fairness Doctrine: History and Constitutional Issues"}]},{"reference":"Arbaoui, Bouchra; Swert, Knut De; Brug, Wouter van der (2020). \"Sensationalism in news coverage: A comparative study in 14 television systems\" (PDF). Communication Research. 47 (2). University of Amsterdam: 299–300. doi:10.1177/0093650216663364. Retrieved March 18, 2024 – via UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository). The liberalization of West European television systems in the late 1980s and early 1990s is often linked to an increase of infotainment and sensationalism in television news coverage","urls":[{"url":"https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/59740632/0093650216663364.pdf","url_text":"\"Sensationalism in news coverage: A comparative study in 14 television systems\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0093650216663364","url_text":"10.1177/0093650216663364"}]},{"reference":"Kaplan, Richard L. (2008-06-05), \"Yellow Journalism\", The International Encyclopedia of Communication, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, doi:10.1002/9781405186407.wbiecy001, ISBN 978-1-4051-8640-7, retrieved 2021-03-31","urls":[{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781405186407.wbiecy001","url_text":"\"Yellow Journalism\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781405186407.wbiecy001","url_text":"10.1002/9781405186407.wbiecy001"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8640-7","url_text":"978-1-4051-8640-7"}]},{"reference":"McChesney, Fred S. (1987). \"Sensationalism, Newspaper Profits and the Marginal Value of Watergate\". Economic Inquiry. 25 (1): 135–44. doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1987.tb00728.x.","urls":[{"url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/article/oupecinqu/v_3a25_3ay_3a1987_3ai_3a1_3ap_3a135-44.htm","url_text":"\"Sensationalism, Newspaper Profits and the Marginal Value of Watergate\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Inquiry","url_text":"Economic Inquiry"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1465-7295.1987.tb00728.x","url_text":"10.1111/j.1465-7295.1987.tb00728.x"}]},{"reference":"Vettehen, Paul Hendriks; Kleemans, Mariska (2017). \"Proving the Obvious? What Sensationalism Contributes to the Time Spent on News Video\". Electronic News. 12 (2): 114. doi:10.1177/1931243117739947. hdl:2066/191971. In addition, the more news organizations are dependent on advertising revenues (commercial vs. public service stations), the more sensationalist news stories they produce","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1931243117739947","url_text":"\"Proving the Obvious? What Sensationalism Contributes to the Time Spent on News Video\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1931243117739947","url_text":"10.1177/1931243117739947"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)","url_text":"hdl"},{"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2066%2F191971","url_text":"2066/191971"}]},{"reference":"Finney, Daniel P. (16 June 2012). \"Watergate scandal changed the political landscape forever\". USA Today. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191108103034/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012-06-16/watergate-scandal-changed-political-landscape/55639974/1","url_text":"\"Watergate scandal changed the political landscape forever\""},{"url":"https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012-06-16/watergate-scandal-changed-political-landscape/55639974/1/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Stone, Deborah (2020). Counting: How We Use Numbers to Decide What Matters. Liveright. ISBN 9781631495939. Retrieved April 10, 2024 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=RiXWDwAAQBAJ","url_text":"Counting: How We Use Numbers to Decide What Matters"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781631495939","url_text":"9781631495939"}]},{"reference":"Vanacore, Ryan (November 12, 2021). \"Sensationalism in Media\". Reporter Magazine.","urls":[{"url":"https://reporter.rit.edu/news/sensationalism-media","url_text":"\"Sensationalism in Media\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reporter_Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Reporter Magazine"}]},{"reference":"Watson, Kathryn (2020-09-29). \"Trump banks on fear and anxiety to motivate voters - CBS News\". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2024-03-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trumps-use-of-fear-and-anxiety-to-motivate-his-voters/","url_text":"\"Trump banks on fear and anxiety to motivate voters - CBS News\""}]},{"reference":"Graber, Doris A.; Dunaway, Johanna (2017). Mass Media and American Politics. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781506340241. Retrieved March 8, 2024 – via Google Books. When the goal is to attract young viewers, sensational and novel occurrences often drown out news of more significant that lacks excitement. For instance, a fairly typical newspaper such as the Chicago Sun Times devotes nearly twenty times more space to sports than to news about the state's government. Dramatic events, such as airline hijackings or serial murders, preempt more far-reaching consequential happenings. Preoccupation with a single striking event, such as the 2009 impeachment of Illinois governor Rod Blagojevich, can shortchange coverage of other news","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=E4BZDwAAQBAJ","url_text":"Mass Media and American Politics"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781506340241","url_text":"9781506340241"}]},{"reference":"Thiel, Kristin (2018). Television News and the 24-Hour News Cycle. Cavendish Square. p. 30. ISBN 9781502634931 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=CPOCDwAAQBAJ","url_text":"Television News and the 24-Hour News Cycle"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavendish_Square","url_text":"Cavendish Square"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781502634931","url_text":"9781502634931"}]},{"reference":"Vettehen, Paul Hendriks; Kleemans, Mariska (2017). \"Proving the Obvious? What Sensationalism Contributes to the Time Spent on News Video\". SageJournal. 12 (2): 114. doi:10.1177/1931243117739947. hdl:2066/191971.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1931243117739947","url_text":"\"Proving the Obvious? What Sensationalism Contributes to the Time Spent on News Video\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1931243117739947","url_text":"10.1177/1931243117739947"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)","url_text":"hdl"},{"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2066%2F191971","url_text":"2066/191971"}]},{"reference":"Burgers, Christian; de Graaf, Anneke (2013-01-29). \"Language intensity as a sensationalistic news feature: The influence of style on sensationalism perceptions and effects\". Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research. 38 (2). doi:10.1515/commun-2013-0010. ISSN 1613-4087.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/commun-2013-0010/html","url_text":"\"Language intensity as a sensationalistic news feature: The influence of style on sensationalism perceptions and effects\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communications:_The_European_Journal_of_Communication_Research&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fcommun-2013-0010","url_text":"10.1515/commun-2013-0010"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1613-4087","url_text":"1613-4087"}]},{"reference":"\"How to Spot 16 Types of Media Bias\". AllSides. 26 August 2019. Retrieved March 9, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.allsides.com/media-bias/how-to-spot-types-of-media-bias","url_text":"\"How to Spot 16 Types of Media Bias\""}]},{"reference":"Foster, Corbin (October 4, 2019). \"Blog: The Rise of \"Slam\" Journalism\". Textio. Retrieved January 26, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://textio.com/blog/the-rise-of-slam-journalism/17517342693","url_text":"\"Blog: The Rise of \"Slam\" Journalism\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Textio&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Textio"}]},{"reference":"Banning, Stephen A. (2020). Journalism Standards of Work Today: Using History to Create a New Code of Journalism Ethics. Cambridge Scholars Publisher. p. 120. ISBN 9781527559028. Retrieved April 10, 2024 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=ub_9DwAAQBAJ","url_text":"Journalism Standards of Work Today: Using History to Create a New Code of Journalism Ethics"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781527559028","url_text":"9781527559028"}]},{"reference":"Tufekci, Zeynep (2016-03-31). \"Opinion | Adventures in the Trump Twittersphere\". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-04-01.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeynep_Tufekci","url_text":"Tufekci, Zeynep"},{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/31/opinion/campaign-stops/adventures-in-the-trump-twittersphere.html","url_text":"\"Opinion | Adventures in the Trump Twittersphere\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"}]},{"reference":"Chandrasekhar, C.P. (2013). \"The Business of News in the Age of the Internet\". Social Scientist. 41 (5/6): 25–39. ISSN 0970-0293. JSTOR 23611116.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Scientist","url_text":"Social Scientist"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0970-0293","url_text":"0970-0293"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/23611116","url_text":"23611116"}]},{"reference":"Sommerlad, Joe (2018-06-18). \"This is how Google News decides what to show you\". The Independent. Retrieved 2020-03-11.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/google-news-headlines-stories-ranking-algorithm-editors-publishers-journalism-a8404811.html","url_text":"\"This is how Google News decides what to show you\""}]},{"reference":"NEWS COVERAGE AND CRIME: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF AGENTS INVOLVED IN NEWS PRODUCTION (PDF). University of North Carolina Wilmington. 2010. p. 1. One of the most prevalent subjects of media discourse is crime. Crime is represented in many different media categories from entertainment to news and intermediate forms such as infotainment. While entertainment media doubtlessly have a significant socializing effect, they generally do not claim to be a true representation of reality. However, news media do make this claim (Mason, 2006; Surette, 2003). Despite this, studies show that when it comes to crime, media representations do not accurately reflect reality (Surette, 2003).. Additionally, crime news is one of the most prominent categories in news media; it is covered disproportionately more than other social problems (Leishman & Mason, 2003; Gans, 2004).","urls":[{"url":"https://dl.uncw.edu/Etd/2010-1/chagnonn/nicholaschagnon.pdf","url_text":"NEWS COVERAGE AND CRIME: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF AGENTS INVOLVED IN NEWS PRODUCTION"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Wilmington","url_text":"University of North Carolina Wilmington"}]},{"reference":"Chagnon, Nicholas J. (2010). NEWS COVERAGE AND CRIME: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF AGENTS INVOLVED IN NEWS PRODUCTION (PDF). University of North Carolina Wilmington. p. 10. Retrieved March 10, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://dl.uncw.edu/Etd/2010-1/chagnonn/nicholaschagnon.pdf","url_text":"NEWS COVERAGE AND CRIME: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF AGENTS INVOLVED IN NEWS PRODUCTION"}]},{"reference":"Dempster, Georgia; Sutherland, Georgina; Keogh, Louise (March 7, 2022). \"Scientific research in news media: a case study of misrepresentation, sensationalism and harmful recommendations\". Journal of Science Communication. 21 (1): A06. doi:10.22323/2.21010206.","urls":[{"url":"https://jcom.sissa.it/article/pubid/JCOM_2101_2022_A06/","url_text":"\"Scientific research in news media: a case study of misrepresentation, sensationalism and harmful recommendations\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.22323%2F2.21010206","url_text":"10.22323/2.21010206"}]},{"reference":"Moore, Andrew (December 2006). \"Bad science in the headlines. Who takes responsibility when science is distorted in the mass media?\". EMBO Reports. 7 (12): 1193–1196. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400862. PMC 1794697. PMID 17139292.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1794697","url_text":"\"Bad science in the headlines. Who takes responsibility when science is distorted in the mass media?\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.embor.7400862","url_text":"10.1038/sj.embor.7400862"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1794697","url_text":"1794697"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17139292","url_text":"17139292"}]},{"reference":"Vasu, Norman; Ang, Benjamin; Teo, Terri-Anne; Jayakumar, Shashi; Faizal, Muhammad; Ahuja, Juhi (2018). \"International Responses to Fake News\". Fake News: National Security in the Post-Truth Era. S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies. pp. 18–25. JSTOR resrep17648.8.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep17648.8","url_text":"\"International Responses to Fake News\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._Rajaratnam_School_of_International_Studies","url_text":"S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep17648.8","url_text":"resrep17648.8"}]},{"reference":"Sterling, Christopher H. (2009). Encyclopedia of Journalism. Vol. 6. SAGE Publications. p. 1155. ISBN 978-0-7619-2957-4 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQhDq8fPj2IC","url_text":"Encyclopedia of Journalism"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2957-4","url_text":"978-0-7619-2957-4"}]}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Lowe_(disambiguation)
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Doug Lowe
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Doug or Douglas Lowe may refer to:
Douglas Lowe (athlete) (1902–1981), British Olympic athlete
Douglas Lowe (RAF officer) (1922–2018), World War II pilot and Royal Air Force commander
Doug Lowe (Australian politician) (born 1942), former Tasmanian premier
Topics referred to by the same termThis disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
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[]
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[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere/Doug_Lowe&namespace=0","external_links_name":"internal link"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bridgen
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Andrew Bridgen
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["1 Early life and career","2 Parliamentary career","2.1 Campaigns","2.2 European Union","2.3 Relationship with other politicians","2.4 Breach of standards","2.5 COVID-19 conspiracy theories","2.6 Reclaim Party","3 Personal life","3.1 Family legal dispute","4 References","5 External links"]
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British politician (born 1964)
This article's subject is standing for re-election to the UK's House of Commons on 4 July, and has not been an MP since Parliament's dissolution on 30 May. The article may be out of date during this period. Please improve it (updates without reliable references will be removed) or discuss changes on the talk page.
Andrew BridgenOfficial portrait, 2019Member of Parliament for North West LeicestershireIn office6 May 2010 – 30 May 2024Preceded byDavid TaylorMajority20,400 (37.9%)
Personal detailsBorn (1964-10-28) 28 October 1964 (age 59)Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, EnglandPolitical partyIndependent (since 2023)Other politicalaffiliations
Conservative (1981–2023)
Reclaim (May–December 2023)
Spouses
Jacqueline Cremin
(m. 2000; div. 2012)
Nevena Pavlovic (m. 2017)
Children3Alma materUniversity of NottinghamOccupationPoliticianbusinessmanWebsiteWebsite
Andrew James Bridgen (born 28 October 1964) is a British politician and businessman who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for North West Leicestershire since 2010. He was a member of the Conservative Party until his expulsion in April 2023, having had the whip suspended in January after criticising the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and claiming that an Israeli cardiologist told him it constitutes "the biggest crime against humanity since the Holocaust". He joined the Reclaim Party in May 2023 but resigned from the party in December 2023.
In his parliamentary career, he has supported efforts to remove Conservative prime ministers David Cameron, Theresa May, Boris Johnson, and Liz Truss from office. He is a prominent supporter of Brexit. In January 2023, Bridgen was suspended from the House of Commons for five days after the house voted in favour of the recommendations of the Commons Select Committee on Standards which found that he had repeatedly breached rules over paid lobbying and declaring interests and that he also attempted to pressure the commissioner investigating his lobbying breaches.
After leaving the Reclaim Party in December 2023, Bridgen sat as an independent MP for the rest of the term of the 2019 Parliament, announcing his decision to run as an independent for his constituency of North West Leicestershire at the 2024 United Kingdom general election.
Early life and career
Andrew Bridgen was born in Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, on 28 October 1964. He attended Netherseal Junior School, then Pingle School in Swadlincote. He graduated from the University of Nottingham with a degree in biological sciences.
After graduating, Bridgen began training as an officer in the Royal Marines but did not complete the course. He then began work in his family's agricultural business. He served as the East Midlands chairman of the Institute of Directors and on the East Midlands Regional Assembly as a business representative.
In May 2009, he intervened in the "dirty tricks row" involving a councillor who had offered Conservative backing to ensure a village hall was built if an independent election candidate stood down. Bridgen blamed "intransigence of certain unelected individuals at the very top of the county council" rather than the individual councillors involved. Both Labour and Conservative council leaders criticised his intervention and the council solicitor wrote to ask for an explanation. A police investigation followed, and Cllr Nicholas Rushton temporarily stood down. Rushton denied wrongdoing and went on to become leader of the county council.
Parliamentary career
Bridgen was elected as the Conservative MP for North West Leicestershire at the 2010 general election with 44.6% of the vote and a majority of 7,511.
In July 2010, Bridgen became a member of the Regulatory Reform Select Committee, continuing to be a member throughout his parliamentary career. He was a member of the Advisory Panel to Professor Ragnar Löfstedt's report on Health and Safety and served on the Draft Deregulation Bill (Joint Committee) and Liaison Committee (Commons).
On 9 June 2011, allegations of sexual assault were made against Bridgen, leading to his arrest in London by the Metropolitan Police and subsequent release on bail. A week later the allegations were retracted as untrue, and police said no further action would be taken against Bridgen, or the woman concerned, Annabelle Fuller, a former employee of UKIP. In a statement, Bridgen expressed his frustration that "such a ludicrous, false and unsubstantiated allegation" had received so much attention.
In January 2013, Bridgen, interviewed on BBC Radio's PM programme, stated that good MPs were being put off by poor pay and were having to ask their families to make sacrifices. Bridgen stated he was one of the few MPs willing to speak publicly on the issue of MPs' low pay. It was reported that Bridgen received additional income from his family vegetable firm, and he was criticised by local Labour politicians for being 'out of touch'. In June 2015, following the announcement that MPs were to be awarded a 10% pay rise, Bridgen again spoke out, criticising wealthier cabinet ministers for publicly turning down the additional money, which he said he would take himself.
In August 2014, AB Produce, of which Bridgen was director, was warned by the Environment Agency that it could lose its licence if it did not remove a "urine-like" smell from two "lagoons" of putrid vegetable matter on the site. The smell had reportedly been a source of complaints from neighbours for several years, and following the enforcement action, the issue was resolved.
Bridgen was re-elected as MP for North West Leicestershire at the 2015 general election with an increased vote share of 49.5% and an increased majority of 11,373.
In 2015, Bridgen sold his constituency house in Appleby Magna for £2 million, under a government High Speed 2 (HS2) compensation scheme as the house is 100 feet (30 m) from the proposed route. The sale was also reported to be linked to his divorce proceedings. He was criticised by local campaigners for selling at the early stage under an "exceptional hardship scheme", but Bridgen argued he had lost more money than anyone else. In March 2017, Bridgen apologised for failing to declare during an HS2 debate that his home was being bought by the high-speed rail link. He made the apology in the House of Commons after being found to have breached the rules governing MPs' interests following an investigation by the Commons standards watchdog. However, Bridgen argued that he had been a consistent critic of High Speed 2, casting doubt on the economic benefits associated with the proposals, and the costs of the programme regardless of his property interests. Bridgen was criticised in May 2016 for claiming nearly £25,000 on expenses in a single year for staying in hotels in London. He stated that his use of hotels was cheaper than having a flat and was a short walk from Parliament when it finished late at night. During this time, he did not allow his staff to claim for expenses for hotel stays, saying "they come down and work for me two days in London, stay at their own expense down here, and then go back and then work in the constituency the rest of the time".
Bridgen was again re-elected at the snap 2017 general election with an increased vote share of 58.2% and an increased majority of 13,286.
In March 2018, Bridgen stated in Parliament that there were 'no rough sleepers' in his constituency of North West Leicestershire. Mark Grant, the manager of Leicester-based charity Action Homeless, responded that despite what official figures show, North West Leicestershire was a part of the county where the charity had most people presenting from. He added: "We know rough sleepers from North West Leicestershire migrate to Leicester to get access to services there that aren't available where they are from." Bridgen disputed the response and pointed to government investment in the area.
Bridgen has been accused by Pink News of making homophobic statements. He has also been accused of anti-semitic statements at various points in his parliamentary career. He has denied each allegation. On 7 August 2018, Bridgen supported comments made by Boris Johnson, regarding the wearing of burkas by some Muslim women in Britain.
On 14 October 2018, on BBC 5 Live radio, Bridgen, during a discussion of Brexit, incorrectly said that he and any British citizen was entitled to an Irish passport as part of a special arrangement with the Republic of Ireland. According to Stephen Nolan, Bridgen then hung up the phone during the break for the news bulletin and then could not be contacted to clarify his remarks.
Bridgen endorsed Boris Johnson during the 2019 Conservative leadership election.
In November 2019, Bridgen apologised after defending Conservative MP Jacob Rees-Mogg's comments suggesting that Grenfell Tower fire victims should have concluded that the 'stay put' advice given by the London Fire Brigade was incorrect. Bridgen suggested on BBC Radio 4 that Rees-Mogg would have made a better decision than the authority figures who gave the flawed advice. Bridgen later said: "I do not want to add in any way to the pain that this tragic event has caused. I apologise."
At the 2019 general election, Bridgen was again re-elected with an increased vote share of 62.8% and an increased majority of 20,400.
In April 2022 Bridgen was found by a High Court judge to have lied under oath in relation to claims that he made in court about his family business, AB Produce. It was found that he encouraged a police inspector to investigate his brother, a director of the company, on false allegations of fraud. He also made false allegations about the reasons why he had left the company.
In January 2024 Bridgen attracted criticism from other MPs after it emerged that he was planning to host an MEP from the German far-right party Alternative for Germany in parliament.
Campaigns
Following a very serious injury to a constituent in July 2011, Bridgen called for legislation to ensure Britons travelling abroad have adequate medical insurance. Bridgen also sought to highlight the risks of head injuries associated with sporting injuries. He is a supporter of reform of the pub industry, supporting moves to introduce a market rent option for tied tenant publicans. Bridgen is a supporter of the Fair Deal For Your Local campaign.
Bridgen has supported calls for reform to the NHS. In June 2011, Bridgen attacked critics of Andrew Lansley's proposed NHS reforms, saying that they comprised "Stalinist protectionist elements".
In 2012, Bridgen campaigned for the electrification of the Midland Mainline.
Bridgen forced a Government U-turn in 2013 over plans for military intervention in Syria, when he organised a letter to the Prime Minister signed by 81 fellow Conservative MPs, demanding parliament be given a vote on whether the UK should send military assistance to anti-government Syrian rebels. Bridgen later stated his support for air-strikes against ISIS terrorists in Iraq.
Bridgen successfully lobbied the government to cut Air Passenger Duty for children in 2014, a move backed by travel operators and supported by a 2013 study report.
In 2014, Bridgen led calls to have non-payment of the TV licence fee made a civil rather than a criminal matter. The legislation in force "is effectively criminalising them for being poor", he told The Times and "most of those sent to prison as a result of non-payment are the elderly and women". The government later adopted Bridgen's proposal, which was also supported by the Labour Party, though the BBC said the potential loss of £200 million could lead to closure of channels.
In 2017 Bridgen joined fellow local Conservative MP Heather Wheeler in campaigning for the return of passenger rail services on the Burton-to-Leicester railway line, the Ivanhoe Line.
European Union
Bridgen is a long-term critic of the European Union. In February 2016, he criticised the BBC for selecting pro-EU guests for the BBC Newsnight and BBC Radio 4 Today programmes. He also stated that the BBC should not claim that Britain enjoyed a special status as David Cameron's EU renegotiations had not changed anything. He supported Leave in the 2016 referendum, going on to back group Leave Means Leave after the Brexit vote, and signing a letter to the Prime Minister in September 2017. Bridgen was one of the 28 so called Tory "Brexit Spartans" who voted against Theresa May's Brexit deal all three times it was put to the House of Commons.
Relationship with other politicians
Bridgen was a critic of the former Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron. After calling for him to be replaced in 2013, Bridgen withdrew a letter of no confidence in 2014 after he failed to attract the support of enough colleagues to trigger a vote of no confidence. Three weeks before the EU referendum in 2016 he declared that Cameron's position was untenable and he would have to be replaced, possibly immediately after the vote.
In July 2018, Bridgen wrote a letter of no confidence in relation to Theresa May, who had replaced David Cameron as Prime Minister, in which he argued she should be replaced as leader of the Conservative Party as her "promises over leaving the EU are all a pretence and a charade intended to dupe the electorate which is an insult to their intelligence."
Bridgen raised concerns in 2010 to the Conservative whips' office about the behaviour of fellow Conservative MP Dan Poulter with female MPs. The Sunday Times published these allegations, that Poulter had put his hand up the skirts of at least three female MPs, during the MeToo scandal in late 2017, and in November 2017 Bridgen reported Poulter to the Conservative Party's newly established disciplinary committee. No female MP had made any complaint about Poulter, and he was subsequently cleared of inappropriate behaviour claims in March 2018. Poulter took legal action for libel against The Sunday Times, whose defence was that it was simply reporting accusations made by others against Poulter. However, the High Court ruled that the stories implied guilt of sexual assault, causing The Sunday Times to admit that the claims were false and it should not have published them, and paying substantial libel damages to Poulter.
Bridgen has been an outspoken critic of the former Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow. In March 2018, he suggested Bercow should resign, and also reported him to the parliamentary commissioner for standards, to investigate whether he had broken the MPs' code of conduct. An inquiry into allegations that Bercow had bullied members of staff was subsequently blocked by MPs and he remained in post. Bridgen repeatedly called for disciplinary action and the resignation of Labour MP Keith Vaz over a range of different issues.
In March 2019, Bridgen clashed with Conservative MP Ken Clarke in the House of Commons over the nature of representative democracy.
In January 2022, he submitted a letter of no confidence in Boris Johnson having previously backed him for leader in the 2019 leadership election, citing a "moral vacuum" at the heart of Government in relation to the lockdown parties, explaining his reasons for doing so in an article for The Telegraph.
Breach of standards
In November 2022, the Commons Select Committee on Standards confirmed Kathryn Stone's findings that Bridgen broke the MPs' code of conduct by approaching ministers and officials for a company that had given him a donation, a visit to Ghana and offered him an advisory contract. The Standards Committee report stated that Bridgen emailed Stone asking about what he said were rumours that Boris Johnson would give Stone a peerage but this depended on her "arriving at the 'right' outcomes" during the Parliamentary Standard's investigations. Bridgen was asked to apologise to Stone for trying to put her under unacceptable pressure. Stone's investigation found Bridgen failed to declare the trip, the donation and a contract to advise the company. He also did not mention these when approaching ministers on behalf of the firm. The standards committee stated if Bridgen did not intend to take payments he should have cancelled or changed a contract stating the company would pay him £12,000 a year. The Standards Committee recommended a five day suspension from the Commons and this was enacted in January 2023.
Bridgen's alleged offences included an "unacceptable attack upon the integrity" of Stone. Bridgen appealed against the finding. The Standards Committee said Bridgen showed a "very cavalier" approach to the rules and found he broke lobbying rules "on multiple occasions and in multiple ways". The Independent Expert Panel did not accept his appeal and stated "In our view the sanctions for breach of the rule against paid advocacy and for the email letter could properly and fairly have been more severe."
COVID-19 conspiracy theories
Further information: COVID-19 misinformation
In December 2022, the British Heart Foundation criticised Bridgen for promoting claims that there was a conspiracy by the foundation to cover up evidence of mRNA vaccines increasing inflammation of heart arteries. Bridgen had called for a halt to COVID-19 vaccinations. The charity "categorically" denied his allegations.
On 11 January 2023, Bridgen had the Conservative whip suspended after tweeting about COVID-19 vaccines: "As one consultant cardiologist said to me, this is the biggest crime against humanity since the Holocaust." Bridgen claimed the tweet had been moderated by staff members, which was denied by a Conservative Party spokesman. Prime Minister Rishi Sunak called the comparison "utterly unacceptable". Two days later, Bridgen issued a statement saying his tweet was not antisemitic, and apologised "for any offence caused". He said he was taking legal advice about action against those who had labelled him as antisemitic. Bridgen further contended that he asked "reasonable questions" about the side-effects of mRNA vaccines, and had "received huge support from ordinary people, medical workers those who have experienced vaccine harms themselves".
In March 2023, Bridgen posted tweets promoting a conspiracy theory claiming that COVID-19 originated at Fort Detrick.
On 29 February 2024, Bridgen referenced capital punishment as an appropriate response to "crimes against humanity" regarding the vaccine rollout.
Reclaim Party
On 12 April 2023, Bridgen was expelled from the Conservative Party in further reaction to his January comments that compared COVID-19 vaccinations with the Holocaust. In May 2023, he joined the Reclaim Party, becoming the party's first MP. He resigned from the party in December 2023.
Personal life
Bridgen married his first wife, Jackie, in 2000 and they had two sons. Jackie was a Conservative councillor for the Oakthorpe and Donisthorpe ward of North West Leicestershire District Council from 2007 until losing her seat in 2011. Andrew and Jackie were divorced in 2012. Bridgen married the Serbian opera singer Nevena Pavlovic in 2017.
Family legal dispute
Bridgen has been involved in a long legal battle against his own family's potato and vegetable business, AB Produce, stating the firm treated him unfairly and forced him out, while the business was suing him over claims he has failed to pay rent on a £1.5 million property owned by the firm. In April 2022, High Court Judge Brian Rawlings ruled against Bridgen, stating that he "lied under oath and behaved in an abusive, arrogant and aggressive manner", was "an unreliable and combative witness who tried to conceal his own misconduct", and "gave evasive and argumentative answers and tangential speeches that avoided answering the questions". After losing the case, Bridgen stated that "in actuality I won the case and my brother will be compelled by the Court in due course to repay considerable sums of money back to the businesses", adding "if courts always got everything correct the first time there would be no need for appeal mechanisms". In August 2022, Bridgen was evicted from the property, and ordered to pay £800,000 in legal costs.
References
^ "Andrew Bridgen MP". BBC Democracy Live. BBC. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
^ "No. 59418". The London Gazette. 13 May 2010. p. 8743.
^ Walker, Peter (26 April 2023). "Former Tory MP Andrew Bridgen expelled permanently from party". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
^ a b "Andrew Bridgen: MP expelled by Tories after Covid vaccine comments". BBC News. 26 April 2023.
^ a b Seddon, Paul; Schraer, Rachel (11 January 2023). "Andrew Bridgen suspended as Tory MP over Covid vaccine comments". BBC News. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
^ a b "Tory MP Summoned By Whips After Calling For Cameron To Go". HuffPost UK. 10 June 2013.
^ a b c "In full: Andrew Bridgen's stinging no-confidence letter blasts Theresa May's Brexit plan". Leicester Mercury. 10 July 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ a b Hope, Christopher (13 January 2022). "Brexiteer becomes fifth Tory MP this week to submit Boris Johnson no confidence letter". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
^ Penna, Dominic (16 October 2022). "Jamie Wallis becomes third Tory MP to urge Liz Truss to quit". The Telegraph.
^ a b "Tory MP Andrew Bridgen facing suspension from Commons". BBC News. 3 November 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
^ Martin, Daniel (11 January 2023). "Andrew Bridgen loses Tory whip after comparing Covid vaccine to the Holocaust". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
^ a b Walker, Peter (3 November 2022). "Tory MP Andrew Bridgen faces suspension over lobbying breaches". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
^ Curtis, Polly (9 June 2011). "Conservative MP Andrew Bridgen arrested on suspicion of sexual assault". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
^ a b c "Tory told to prove 'dirty tricks' allegations". Leicester Mercury. 30 May 2009. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
^ "'Dirty tricks' deputy leader stands down". Leicester Mercury. 11 June 2009. Archived from the original on 14 June 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
^ "Cllr Nicholas Rushton Profile". Leicestershire County Council. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
^ "Election 2010 | Constituency | Leicestershire North West". BBC News. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
^ a b "MP quizzed over sex assault claim". BBC News. 9 June 2011. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
^ "Andrew Bridgen MP welcomes Löfstedt review recommendations". Andrew Bridgen MP. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015.
^ "The Löfstedt review" (PDF). May 2011.
^ "Andrew Bridgen MP". GOV.UK. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ "MP Andrew Bridgen arrested over sexual assault claims". The Daily Telegraph. London. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
^ "Andrew Bridgen MP denies sexual assault claim". BBC News. 10 June 2011. Archived from the original on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
^ Gadher, Dipesh (13 April 2014). "Yard to quiz Farage aide over 'sex lies'". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 29 April 2017. (subscription required)
^ Stratton, Allegra (16 June 2011). "Andrew Bridgen sexual assault case dropped". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
^ "Sex assault case against MP dropped". BBC News. 16 June 2011.
^ a b Dan Martin (12 January 2012). "Do you think £65,738 is too little for MPs to earn?". ThisisLeicestershire. Archived from the original on 13 January 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
^ "Tory MPs Mark Field and Andrew Bridgen to accept pay rise". BBC News. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ "AB Produce near Measham risks losing licence over 'urine' smell". BBC News. 14 August 2014.
^ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
^ Ross, Tim (26 December 2015). "Andrew Bridgen facing 'smears' after telling police of MP's alleged crimes". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
^ Dan Martin (31 January 2013). "HS2 Rail announcement ruined sale of house in north west Leicestershire". Leicester Mercury. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
^ DanjMartin (19 October 2016). "Andrew Bridgen: 'Keith Vaz reported me to standards watchdog but I'm not remotely worried'". Leicester Mercury. Archived from the original on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
^ "MP apologises 'profusely' for HS2 non-declaration". Loughborough Echo. 28 March 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ "HS2 route 'toxic for Conservatives', warns NW Leics Tory MP Andrew Bridgen". Derby Telegraph. 27 April 2014. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014.
^ "Tory MP Andrew Bridgen: HS2 figures 'pie in the sky'". BBC News. 11 September 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
^ "After the duck house … where MPs' expenses went next". The Guardian. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ Williams, Martin. (2017). Parliament ltd. Hodder Paperback. ISBN 978-1473633872. OCLC 946693594.
^ "General Election 2017: North West Leicestershire". The Daily Express. 9 June 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
^ "Tory MP Andrew Bridgen sparks controversy with 'no rough sleepers' in North West Leicestershire claim". Leicester Mercury. 8 March 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ "Tory MP and Daily Mail launch sickening attack on memorial for executed gay men". Pink News. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ "Tory silence over MP's 'Jewish lobby' slur". Jewish News. 23 October 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ "Tory MP Andrew Bridgen Says Speaking To A Woman In A Burka Makes Him Feel 'Uncomfortable'". Huffington Post. 7 August 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ Jonathon Read (15 October 2018). "Tory Brexiteer MP Andrew Bridgen shows his ignorance over Ireland AGAIN". The New European. Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
^ @ABridgen (4 June 2019). "There is one candidate to become Conservative Party leader who is a proven winner, a committed Brexiteer and who has the vision for a post Brexit Britain. That's why I will @Backboris to be the next leader of the Conservative Party" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
^ "Andrew Bridgen apologises 'unreservedly' over defence of Jacob Rees-Mogg Grenfell comments". standard.co.uk. 6 November 2019.
^ "Leicestershire North West Parliamentary constituency". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
^ Gabriel Pogrund; Matt Chorley (17 April 2022). "'Dishonest' MP Bridgen 'lied' about conduct in family dispute". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
^ Quinn, Ben (30 January 2024). "MPs condemn Andrew Bridgen's plan to host politician from Germany's AfD". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
^ "Bali case leads to call for compulsory travel cover". BBC News. 23 September 2011.
^ Owen, David W (19 January 2015). "Andrew Bridgen MP backs Jeff Astle family campaign by calling for Parliamentary debate on the risk of head injuries in sport". Archived from the original on 19 January 2015.
^ "Andrew Bridgen MP pledges extra support to pubs and breweries". Burton Mail. Archived from the original on 19 January 2015.
^ "Fair Deal for Your Local » Get a fair deal for your local » MP Supporters". Archived from the original on 6 May 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
^ "Tory blasts 'Stalinist elements' in fightback over NHS shake-up". London Evening Standard. 7 June 2011. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
^ "A bridge too far for East Midlands rail electrification?". BBC News. 17 April 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ "81 Tory MPs Write To David Cameron To Demand Vote On Arming Syrian Rebels". HuffPost UK. 6 June 2013.
^ Bridgen, Andrew (7 September 2014). "Air strikes in Iraq: this time it's different says Andrew Bridgen". The Daily Telegraph. London.
^ Hope, Christopher (9 November 2014). "Stop taxing children's plane seats and cut the cost of family holidays, MPs tell Chancellor". The Daily Telegraph. London.
^ Conlan, Tara (20 March 2014). "BBC licence fee: decriminalising non-payment a matter of time, says MP". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
^ Spence, Alex (8 March 2014). "Licence fee evasion may not be criminal". The Times. Retrieved 29 April 2017. (subscription required)
^ "MPs back moves to decriminalise TV licence fee non-payment". BBC News. 25 March 2014.
^ "Minister outlines plan to decriminalise non-payment of TV licence fee". The Guardian. 9 September 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
^ "Bid to re-open Leicestershire railway line as part of national government plan". Leicester Mercury. 29 November 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ Christopher Hope (26 February 2016). "EU referendum:BBC is already failing its impartiality test claims Tory MP Andrew Bridgen". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
^ Goodenough, Tom (16 February 2016). "Which Tory MPs back Brexit, who doesn't and who is still on the fence?". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
^ Tominey, Camilla (19 October 2019). "New allegiance of Brexit Spartans could yet win the war for Boris Johnson". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
^ Tim Ross (29 May 2016). "Senior Tory MP Andrew Bridgen says David Cameron is 'finished' as party leader". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
^ a b Waterson, Jim (25 February 2019). "MP Dan Poulter wins damages over Sunday Times assault claims". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
^ Wheeler, Caroline (5 November 2017). "Daniel Poulter, Tory former minister, accused of putting hand up MPs' skirts". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 5 November 2017. (subscription required)
^ "Suffolk MP cleared over inappropriate behaviour claims". ITV News. 25 March 2018.
^ "Suffolk MP Daniel Poulter cleared in misconduct probe". BBC News. 25 March 2018.
^ "John Bercow bullying inquiry blocked by MPs' committee". The Guardian. 16 May 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ "Keith Vaz must be investigated over taking justice role, says MP". The Daily Telegraph. 4 November 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ "Investigation into private life of Leicester MP Keith Vaz suspended 'for medical reasons'". Leicester Mercury. 21 December 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ "Tory wants Keith Vaz wealth inquiry". The Times. 18 February 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ Read, Jonathon (18 March 2019). "Ken Clarke has a brilliant response to Brexiteer Andrew Bridgen on the 'will of the people'". The New European. Archived from the original on 4 August 2019.
^ "Lead or step aside, senior Tory Tobias Ellwood tells Boris Johnson". BBC News. 15 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
^ Ambrose, Tom (9 January 2023). "Andrew Bridgen suspended from House of Commons over lobbying". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
^ "Tory MP Andrew Bridgen appeals against lobbying breach suspension". ITV News. 26 November 2022.
^ "Tory MP Andrew Bridgen to fight possible suspension from Commons". BBC News. 27 November 2022.
^ "Tory MP Andrew Bridgen fails in appeal against recommended lobbying suspension". The Independent. 20 December 2022.
^ Morrison, Hamish (28 December 2022). "Tory MP's British Heart Foundation Covid conspiracy claims dismissed". The National. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
^ Garrett, Lee (10 May 2023). "Tories hit back over MP Andrew Bridgen 'approved' tweet claim". Leicestershire Live – via MSN.
^ Moorhouse, Sam; Moody, Jenny (13 January 2023). "Andrew Bridgen sorry over Tweet saying covid vaccine rollout was like Holocaust". StaffordshireLive. Reach. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
^ Doak, Sam (14 March 2023). "False: COVID-19 originated at Fort Detrick, a United States army base". Logically. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
^ Rowlands, Robert; Shaw, Neil (29 February 2024). "Controversial MP calls for debate on death penalty for 'crimes against humanity'". Coventry Telegraph. Reach. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
^ Whannel, Kate (10 May 2023). "Ex-Tory Andrew Bridgen joins Laurence Fox's Reclaim party". BBC News.
^ @abridgen (20 December 2023). "A statement by Andrew Bridgen MP: "This morning, I have made the incredibly difficult decision to resign from the Reclaim Party. I would first of all like to thank Laurence and all of the team at Reclaim who have been excellent and supported me wholeheartedly for the last 9 months. I have come to this decision purely because of a difference in the direction of the Party, I will still wholeheartedly support the policies and values of the Reclaim Party and wish them all of the best in their future endeavours However, I need to make a very important decision with a general election pending in the first half of next year. I need to put North West Leicestershire first, above any Party allegiance. I will continue standing up and fighting for the people of North West Leicestershire and delivering what is best for them. I have consistently campaigned against HS2 since my first election in 2010, I have been at the forefront of exposing scandals such as the modern day slavery cover up in Leicester and the Post Office Horizon scandal which was debated in the House of Commons yesterday. I have been standing up for those who have been injured by vaccines and exposing the worrying cover up of Trends in Excess Deaths on a national and indeed global scale" ENDS" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
^ Gray, Sadie (11 June 2011). "Sex assault claims are false, says 'mischievously targeted' Tory MP". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 29 April 2017. (subscription required)
^ "Biography on Andrew Bridgen's official website". Andrewbridgen.com. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
^ "Mine threat to children". Burton Mail. 29 April 2010. Archived from the original on 4 April 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
^ "Rivals make inroads but again the Conservatives are smiling". Burton Mail. 7 May 2011. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
^ Cowburn, Ashley (7 May 2019). "'Wives of Westminster' website launched by Tory MP's spouse accused of 'sexism'". The Independent. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
^ "'Arrogant' Tory MP 'lied' about conduct in family feud, judge rules". The National. 18 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
^ Gabriel Pogrund; Matt Chorley (3 September 2022). "MP Andrew Bridgen ordered to quit home in fight over family potato firm". The Times. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Andrew Bridgen.
Official website
Profile Archived 16 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine on Conservative Party website
Profile at Parliament of the United Kingdom
Contributions in Parliament at Hansard
Voting record at Public Whip
Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded byDavid Taylor
Member of Parliament for North West Leicestershire 2010–present
Incumbent
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Jeffrey Donaldson
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Julian Knight
Conor McGinn
Rob Roberts
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|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Member of Parliament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"North West Leicestershire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_West_Leicestershire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)"},{"link_name":"Conservative Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)"},{"link_name":"whip","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whip_(politics)#United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 vaccines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine"},{"link_name":"the Holocaust","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Reclaim Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reclaim_Party"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-expelled-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bbc-20230111-5"},{"link_name":"prime ministers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"David Cameron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cameron"},{"link_name":"Theresa May","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa_May"},{"link_name":"Boris Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Johnson"},{"link_name":"Liz Truss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Truss"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-leicestermercury1-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hope-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Brexit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brexit"},{"link_name":"House of Commons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bbc3/11/2022-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Commons Select Committee on Standards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons_Select_Committee_on_Standards"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-guardian3/11/2022-12"},{"link_name":"2024 United Kingdom general election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election"}],"text":"Andrew James Bridgen[2] (born 28 October 1964) is a British politician and businessman who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for North West Leicestershire since 2010. He was a member of the Conservative Party until his expulsion in April 2023, having had the whip suspended in January after criticising the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and claiming that an Israeli cardiologist told him it constitutes \"the biggest crime against humanity since the Holocaust\".[3] He joined the Reclaim Party in May 2023[4][5] but resigned from the party in December 2023.In his parliamentary career, he has supported efforts to remove Conservative prime ministers David Cameron, Theresa May, Boris Johnson, and Liz Truss from office.[6][7][8][9] He is a prominent supporter of Brexit. In January 2023, Bridgen was suspended from the House of Commons for five days[10][11] after the house voted in favour of the recommendations of the Commons Select Committee on Standards which found that he had repeatedly breached rules over paid lobbying and declaring interests and that he also attempted to pressure the commissioner investigating his lobbying breaches.[12]After leaving the Reclaim Party in December 2023, Bridgen sat as an independent MP for the rest of the term of the 2019 Parliament, announcing his decision to run as an independent for his constituency of North West Leicestershire at the 2024 United Kingdom general election.","title":"Andrew Bridgen"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Burton upon Trent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_upon_Trent"},{"link_name":"Staffordshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staffordshire"},{"link_name":"Netherseal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherseal"},{"link_name":"Pingle School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pingle_Academy"},{"link_name":"Swadlincote","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swadlincote"},{"link_name":"University of Nottingham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nottingham"},{"link_name":"biological sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_Sciences"},{"link_name":"training as an officer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_academy"},{"link_name":"Royal Marines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines"},{"link_name":"East Midlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Midlands"},{"link_name":"Institute of Directors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Directors"},{"link_name":"East Midlands Regional Assembly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Midlands_Regional_Assembly"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-guardian-20061117-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prove-14"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prove-14"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prove-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"text":"Andrew Bridgen was born in Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, on 28 October 1964. He attended Netherseal Junior School, then Pingle School in Swadlincote. He graduated from the University of Nottingham with a degree in biological sciences.After graduating, Bridgen began training as an officer in the Royal Marines but did not complete the course. He then began work in his family's agricultural business. He served as the East Midlands chairman of the Institute of Directors and on the East Midlands Regional Assembly as a business representative.[13]In May 2009, he intervened in the \"dirty tricks row\" involving a councillor who had offered Conservative backing to ensure a village hall was built if an independent election candidate stood down.[14] Bridgen blamed \"intransigence of certain unelected individuals at the very top of the county council\" rather than the individual councillors involved.[14] Both Labour and Conservative council leaders criticised his intervention and the council solicitor wrote to ask for an explanation.[14] A police investigation followed, and Cllr Nicholas Rushton temporarily stood down. Rushton denied wrongdoing and went on to become leader of the county council.[15][16]","title":"Early life and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Conservative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)"},{"link_name":"North West Leicestershire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_West_Leicestershire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)"},{"link_name":"2010 general election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-electoralcalculus2010-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Regulatory Reform Select Committee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_Reform_Select_Committee"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bbc-20110609-19"},{"link_name":"Ragnar Löfstedt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_L%C3%B6fstedt"},{"link_name":"report on Health and Safety","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reclaiming_Health_and_Safety_For_All"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"allegations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations"},{"link_name":"sexual assault","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_assault"},{"link_name":"Metropolitan Police","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Police"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bbc-20110609-19"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"UKIP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Independence_Party"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gadher-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"PM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_(Radio_4)"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dan-28"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dan-28"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"Environment Agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_Agency"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"2015 general election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-electoralcalculus2015-31"},{"link_name":"Appleby Magna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appleby_Magna"},{"link_name":"High Speed 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_2"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-telegraph-20151226-32"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-leicestermercury-20130131-33"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"2017 general election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"Pink News","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_News"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"},{"link_name":"Boris Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Johnson"},{"link_name":"burkas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burqa"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"BBC 5 Live","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_5_Live"},{"link_name":"Irish passport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_passport"},{"link_name":"Stephen Nolan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Nolan"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"2019 Conservative leadership election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Conservative_Party_(UK)_leadership_election"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"},{"link_name":"Jacob Rees-Mogg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Rees-Mogg"},{"link_name":"Grenfell Tower fire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenfell_Tower_fire"},{"link_name":"London Fire Brigade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Fire_Brigade"},{"link_name":"BBC Radio 4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_4"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"},{"link_name":"2019 general election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"},{"link_name":"High Court","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice"},{"link_name":"police inspector","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inspector#United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"MEP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament"},{"link_name":"Alternative for Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"}],"text":"Bridgen was elected as the Conservative MP for North West Leicestershire at the 2010 general election with 44.6% of the vote and a majority of 7,511.[17][18]In July 2010, Bridgen became a member of the Regulatory Reform Select Committee, continuing to be a member throughout his parliamentary career.[19] He was a member of the Advisory Panel to Professor Ragnar Löfstedt's report on Health and Safety[20][21] and served on the Draft Deregulation Bill (Joint Committee) and Liaison Committee (Commons).[22]On 9 June 2011, allegations of sexual assault were made against Bridgen, leading to his arrest in London by the Metropolitan Police and subsequent release on bail.[19][23][24] A week later the allegations were retracted as untrue, and police said no further action would be taken against Bridgen, or the woman concerned, Annabelle Fuller, a former employee of UKIP.[25][26] In a statement, Bridgen expressed his frustration that \"such a ludicrous, false and unsubstantiated allegation\" had received so much attention.[27]In January 2013, Bridgen, interviewed on BBC Radio's PM programme, stated that good MPs were being put off by poor pay and were having to ask their families to make sacrifices.[28] Bridgen stated he was one of the few MPs willing to speak publicly on the issue of MPs' low pay. It was reported that Bridgen received additional income from his family vegetable firm, and he was criticised by local Labour politicians for being 'out of touch'.[28] In June 2015, following the announcement that MPs were to be awarded a 10% pay rise, Bridgen again spoke out, criticising wealthier cabinet ministers for publicly turning down the additional money, which he said he would take himself.[29]In August 2014, AB Produce, of which Bridgen was director, was warned by the Environment Agency that it could lose its licence if it did not remove a \"urine-like\" smell from two \"lagoons\" of putrid vegetable matter on the site. The smell had reportedly been a source of complaints from neighbours for several years, and following the enforcement action, the issue was resolved.[30]Bridgen was re-elected as MP for North West Leicestershire at the 2015 general election with an increased vote share of 49.5% and an increased majority of 11,373.[31]In 2015, Bridgen sold his constituency house in Appleby Magna for £2 million, under a government High Speed 2 (HS2) compensation scheme as the house is 100 feet (30 m) from the proposed route. The sale was also reported to be linked to his divorce proceedings.[32][33] He was criticised by local campaigners for selling at the early stage under an \"exceptional hardship scheme\", but Bridgen argued he had lost more money than anyone else.[34] In March 2017, Bridgen apologised for failing to declare during an HS2 debate that his home was being bought by the high-speed rail link. He made the apology in the House of Commons after being found to have breached the rules governing MPs' interests following an investigation by the Commons standards watchdog.[35] However, Bridgen argued that he had been a consistent critic of High Speed 2, casting doubt on the economic benefits associated with the proposals, and the costs of the programme regardless of his property interests.[36][37] Bridgen was criticised in May 2016 for claiming nearly £25,000 on expenses in a single year for staying in hotels in London. He stated that his use of hotels was cheaper than having a flat and was a short walk from Parliament when it finished late at night.[38] During this time, he did not allow his staff to claim for expenses for hotel stays, saying \"they come down and work for me two days in London, stay at their own expense down here, and then go back and then work in the constituency the rest of the time\".[39]Bridgen was again re-elected at the snap 2017 general election with an increased vote share of 58.2% and an increased majority of 13,286.[40]In March 2018, Bridgen stated in Parliament that there were 'no rough sleepers' in his constituency of North West Leicestershire. Mark Grant, the manager of Leicester-based charity Action Homeless, responded that despite what official figures show, North West Leicestershire was a part of the county where the charity had most people presenting from. He added: \"We know rough sleepers from North West Leicestershire migrate to Leicester to get access to services there that aren't available where they are from.\" Bridgen disputed the response and pointed to government investment in the area.[41]Bridgen has been accused by Pink News of making homophobic statements.[42] He has also been accused of anti-semitic[43] statements at various points in his parliamentary career. He has denied each allegation. On 7 August 2018, Bridgen supported comments made by Boris Johnson, regarding the wearing of burkas by some Muslim women in Britain.[44]On 14 October 2018, on BBC 5 Live radio, Bridgen, during a discussion of Brexit, incorrectly said that he and any British citizen was entitled to an Irish passport as part of a special arrangement with the Republic of Ireland. According to Stephen Nolan, Bridgen then hung up the phone during the break for the news bulletin and then could not be contacted to clarify his remarks.[45]Bridgen endorsed Boris Johnson during the 2019 Conservative leadership election.[46]In November 2019, Bridgen apologised after defending Conservative MP Jacob Rees-Mogg's comments suggesting that Grenfell Tower fire victims should have concluded that the 'stay put' advice given by the London Fire Brigade was incorrect. Bridgen suggested on BBC Radio 4 that Rees-Mogg would have made a better decision than the authority figures who gave the flawed advice. Bridgen later said: \"I do not want to add in any way to the pain that this tragic event has caused. I apologise.\"[47]At the 2019 general election, Bridgen was again re-elected with an increased vote share of 62.8% and an increased majority of 20,400.[48]In April 2022 Bridgen was found by a High Court judge to have lied under oath in relation to claims that he made in court about his family business, AB Produce. It was found that he encouraged a police inspector to investigate his brother, a director of the company, on false allegations of fraud. He also made false allegations about the reasons why he had left the company.[49]In January 2024 Bridgen attracted criticism from other MPs after it emerged that he was planning to host an MEP from the German far-right party Alternative for Germany in parliament.[50]","title":"Parliamentary career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-51"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"},{"link_name":"NHS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS"},{"link_name":"Andrew Lansley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Lansley"},{"link_name":"proposed NHS reforms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_and_Social_Care_Bill_2011"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55"},{"link_name":"Midland Mainline","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midland_Mainline"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-56"},{"link_name":"military intervention in Syria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_intervention_in_Syria"},{"link_name":"Syrian rebels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_rebels"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-57"},{"link_name":"ISIS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIS"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-58"},{"link_name":"Air Passenger Duty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Passenger_Duty"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"},{"link_name":"TV licence fee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_licensing_in_the_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-60"},{"link_name":"The Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times"},{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-61"},{"link_name":"Labour Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)"},{"link_name":"[62]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-62"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-63"},{"link_name":"Heather Wheeler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heather_Wheeler"},{"link_name":"Ivanhoe Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanhoe_Line"},{"link_name":"[64]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-64"}],"sub_title":"Campaigns","text":"Following a very serious injury to a constituent in July 2011, Bridgen called for legislation to ensure Britons travelling abroad have adequate medical insurance.[51] Bridgen also sought to highlight the risks of head injuries associated with sporting injuries.[52] He is a supporter of reform of the pub industry, supporting moves to introduce a market rent option for tied tenant publicans.[53] Bridgen is a supporter of the Fair Deal For Your Local campaign.[54]Bridgen has supported calls for reform to the NHS. In June 2011, Bridgen attacked critics of Andrew Lansley's proposed NHS reforms, saying that they comprised \"Stalinist protectionist elements\".[55]In 2012, Bridgen campaigned for the electrification of the Midland Mainline.[56]Bridgen forced a Government U-turn in 2013 over plans for military intervention in Syria, when he organised a letter to the Prime Minister signed by 81 fellow Conservative MPs, demanding parliament be given a vote on whether the UK should send military assistance to anti-government Syrian rebels.[57] Bridgen later stated his support for air-strikes against ISIS terrorists in Iraq.[58]Bridgen successfully lobbied the government to cut Air Passenger Duty for children in 2014, a move backed by travel operators and supported by a 2013 study report.[59]In 2014, Bridgen led calls to have non-payment of the TV licence fee made a civil rather than a criminal matter.[60] The legislation in force \"is effectively criminalising them for being poor\", he told The Times and \"most of those sent to prison as a result of non-payment are the elderly and women\".[61] The government later adopted Bridgen's proposal, which was also supported by the Labour Party, though the BBC said the potential loss of £200 million could lead to closure of channels.[62][63]In 2017 Bridgen joined fellow local Conservative MP Heather Wheeler in campaigning for the return of passenger rail services on the Burton-to-Leicester railway line, the Ivanhoe Line.[64]","title":"Parliamentary career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Newsnight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsnight"},{"link_name":"Today","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Today_(BBC_Radio_4)"},{"link_name":"[65]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-65"},{"link_name":"2016 referendum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum"},{"link_name":"[66]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-thespectatorwhichtorympsbackbrexit-66"},{"link_name":"Leave Means Leave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leave_Means_Leave"},{"link_name":"Brexit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brexit"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-67"}],"sub_title":"European Union","text":"Bridgen is a long-term critic of the European Union. In February 2016, he criticised the BBC for selecting pro-EU guests for the BBC Newsnight and BBC Radio 4 Today programmes. He also stated that the BBC should not claim that Britain enjoyed a special status as David Cameron's EU renegotiations had not changed anything.[65] He supported Leave in the 2016 referendum,[66] going on to back group Leave Means Leave after the Brexit vote, and signing a letter to the Prime Minister in September 2017. Bridgen was one of the 28 so called Tory \"Brexit Spartans\" who voted against Theresa May's Brexit deal all three times it was put to the House of Commons.[67]","title":"Parliamentary career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"David Cameron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cameron"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-leicestermercury1-7"},{"link_name":"EU referendum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum"},{"link_name":"[68]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-68"},{"link_name":"Theresa May","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa_May"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-leicestermercury1-7"},{"link_name":"whips' office","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whip_(politics)"},{"link_name":"Dan Poulter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Poulter"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-guardian-20190225-69"},{"link_name":"Sunday Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunday_Times"},{"link_name":"MeToo scandal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me_Too_movement"},{"link_name":"[70]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-70"},{"link_name":"[71]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-71"},{"link_name":"[72]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-72"},{"link_name":"The Sunday Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sunday_Times"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-guardian-20190225-69"},{"link_name":"John Bercow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bercow"},{"link_name":"[73]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-73"},{"link_name":"Keith Vaz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Vaz"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-74"},{"link_name":"[75]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-75"},{"link_name":"[76]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-76"},{"link_name":"Ken Clarke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Clarke_(MP)"},{"link_name":"representative democracy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_democracy"},{"link_name":"[77]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2019-03-18-tne-77"},{"link_name":"Boris Johnson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Johnson"},{"link_name":"2019 leadership election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Conservative_Party_leadership_election"},{"link_name":"The Telegraph","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hope-8"},{"link_name":"[78]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-78"}],"sub_title":"Relationship with other politicians","text":"Bridgen was a critic of the former Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron.[6] After calling for him to be replaced in 2013, Bridgen withdrew a letter of no confidence in 2014 after he failed to attract the support of enough colleagues to trigger a vote of no confidence.[7] Three weeks before the EU referendum in 2016 he declared that Cameron's position was untenable and he would have to be replaced, possibly immediately after the vote.[68]In July 2018, Bridgen wrote a letter of no confidence in relation to Theresa May, who had replaced David Cameron as Prime Minister, in which he argued she should be replaced as leader of the Conservative Party as her \"promises over leaving the EU are all a pretence and a charade intended to dupe the electorate which is an insult to their intelligence.\"[7]Bridgen raised concerns in 2010 to the Conservative whips' office about the behaviour of fellow Conservative MP Dan Poulter with female MPs.[69] The Sunday Times published these allegations, that Poulter had put his hand up the skirts of at least three female MPs, during the MeToo scandal in late 2017, and in November 2017 Bridgen reported Poulter to the Conservative Party's newly established disciplinary committee.[70] No female MP had made any complaint about Poulter, and he was subsequently cleared of inappropriate behaviour claims in March 2018.[71][72] Poulter took legal action for libel against The Sunday Times, whose defence was that it was simply reporting accusations made by others against Poulter. However, the High Court ruled that the stories implied guilt of sexual assault, causing The Sunday Times to admit that the claims were false and it should not have published them, and paying substantial libel damages to Poulter.[69]Bridgen has been an outspoken critic of the former Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow. In March 2018, he suggested Bercow should resign, and also reported him to the parliamentary commissioner for standards, to investigate whether he had broken the MPs' code of conduct. An inquiry into allegations that Bercow had bullied members of staff was subsequently blocked by MPs and he remained in post.[73] Bridgen repeatedly called for disciplinary action and the resignation of Labour MP Keith Vaz over a range of different issues.[74][75][76]In March 2019, Bridgen clashed with Conservative MP Ken Clarke in the House of Commons over the nature of representative democracy.[77]In January 2022, he submitted a letter of no confidence in Boris Johnson having previously backed him for leader in the 2019 leadership election, citing a \"moral vacuum\" at the heart of Government in relation to the lockdown parties, explaining his reasons for doing so in an article for The Telegraph.[8][78]","title":"Parliamentary career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Commons Select Committee on Standards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons_Select_Committee_on_Standards"},{"link_name":"Kathryn Stone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathryn_Stone"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-guardian3/11/2022-12"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bbc3/11/2022-10"},{"link_name":"[79]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-79"},{"link_name":"[80]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-80"},{"link_name":"[81]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-81"},{"link_name":"Independent Expert Panel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Expert_Panel"},{"link_name":"[82]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-82"}],"sub_title":"Breach of standards","text":"In November 2022, the Commons Select Committee on Standards confirmed Kathryn Stone's findings that Bridgen broke the MPs' code of conduct by approaching ministers and officials for a company that had given him a donation, a visit to Ghana and offered him an advisory contract. The Standards Committee report stated that Bridgen emailed Stone asking about what he said were rumours that Boris Johnson would give Stone a peerage but this depended on her \"arriving at the 'right' outcomes\" during the Parliamentary Standard's investigations. Bridgen was asked to apologise to Stone for trying to put her under unacceptable pressure. Stone's investigation found Bridgen failed to declare the trip, the donation and a contract to advise the company. He also did not mention these when approaching ministers on behalf of the firm. The standards committee stated if Bridgen did not intend to take payments he should have cancelled or changed a contract stating the company would pay him £12,000 a year.[12] The Standards Committee recommended a five day suspension from the Commons and this was enacted in January 2023.[10][79]Bridgen's alleged offences included an \"unacceptable attack upon the integrity\" of Stone. Bridgen appealed against the finding.[80] The Standards Committee said Bridgen showed a \"very cavalier\" approach to the rules and found he broke lobbying rules \"on multiple occasions and in multiple ways\".[81] The Independent Expert Panel did not accept his appeal and stated \"In our view the sanctions for breach of the rule against paid advocacy and for the email letter could properly and fairly have been more severe.\"[82]","title":"Parliamentary career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"COVID-19 misinformation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation"},{"link_name":"British Heart Foundation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Heart_Foundation"},{"link_name":"mRNA vaccines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_vaccine"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 vaccinations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine"},{"link_name":"[83]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-the-national-tory-mps-british-heart-foundation-covid-conspiracy-claims-dismissed2-83"},{"link_name":"tweeting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter"},{"link_name":"[84]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-84"},{"link_name":"Rishi Sunak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishi_Sunak"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bbc-20230111-5"},{"link_name":"antisemitic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism"},{"link_name":"mRNA vaccines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_vaccines"},{"link_name":"[85]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-stafflive-20230113-85"},{"link_name":"tweets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter"},{"link_name":"Fort Detrick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Detrick"},{"link_name":"[86]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-86"},{"link_name":"capital punishment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment"},{"link_name":"[87]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-87"}],"sub_title":"COVID-19 conspiracy theories","text":"Further information: COVID-19 misinformationIn December 2022, the British Heart Foundation criticised Bridgen for promoting claims that there was a conspiracy by the foundation to cover up evidence of mRNA vaccines increasing inflammation of heart arteries. Bridgen had called for a halt to COVID-19 vaccinations. The charity \"categorically\" denied his allegations.[83]On 11 January 2023, Bridgen had the Conservative whip suspended after tweeting about COVID-19 vaccines: \"As one consultant cardiologist said to me, this is the biggest crime against humanity since the Holocaust.\" Bridgen claimed the tweet had been moderated by staff members, which was denied by a Conservative Party spokesman.[84] Prime Minister Rishi Sunak called the comparison \"utterly unacceptable\".[5] Two days later, Bridgen issued a statement saying his tweet was not antisemitic, and apologised \"for any offence caused\". He said he was taking legal advice about action against those who had labelled him as antisemitic. Bridgen further contended that he asked \"reasonable questions\" about the side-effects of mRNA vaccines, and had \"received huge support from ordinary people, medical workers [and] those who have experienced vaccine harms themselves\".[85]In March 2023, Bridgen posted tweets promoting a conspiracy theory claiming that COVID-19 originated at Fort Detrick.[86]On 29 February 2024, Bridgen referenced capital punishment as an appropriate response to \"crimes against humanity\" regarding the vaccine rollout.[87]","title":"Parliamentary career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-expelled-4"},{"link_name":"Reclaim Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reclaim_Party"},{"link_name":"[88]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-88"},{"link_name":"[89]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-89"}],"sub_title":"Reclaim Party","text":"On 12 April 2023, Bridgen was expelled from the Conservative Party in further reaction to his January comments that compared COVID-19 vaccinations with the Holocaust.[4] In May 2023, he joined the Reclaim Party, becoming the party's first MP.[88] He resigned from the party in December 2023.[89]","title":"Parliamentary career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[90]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-90"},{"link_name":"[91]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-own-bio-91"},{"link_name":"Oakthorpe and Donisthorpe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakthorpe_and_Donisthorpe"},{"link_name":"North West Leicestershire District Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_West_Leicestershire"},{"link_name":"2007","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_North_West_Leicestershire_District_Council_election"},{"link_name":"2011","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_North_West_Leicestershire_District_Council_election"},{"link_name":"[92]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wife-92"},{"link_name":"[93]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wife2-93"},{"link_name":"Nevena Pavlovic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevena_Bridgen"},{"link_name":"[94]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-independent-20190507-94"}],"text":"Bridgen married his first wife, Jackie, in 2000 and they had two sons.[90][91] Jackie was a Conservative councillor for the Oakthorpe and Donisthorpe ward of North West Leicestershire District Council from 2007 until losing her seat in 2011.[92][93] Andrew and Jackie were divorced in 2012. Bridgen married the Serbian opera singer Nevena Pavlovic in 2017.[94]","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[95]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-95"},{"link_name":"[96]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-96"}],"sub_title":"Family legal dispute","text":"Bridgen has been involved in a long legal battle against his own family's potato and vegetable business, AB Produce, stating the firm treated him unfairly and forced him out, while the business was suing him over claims he has failed to pay rent on a £1.5 million property owned by the firm. In April 2022, High Court Judge Brian Rawlings ruled against Bridgen, stating that he \"lied under oath and behaved in an abusive, arrogant and aggressive manner\", was \"an unreliable and combative witness who tried to conceal his own misconduct\", and \"gave evasive and argumentative answers and tangential speeches that avoided answering the questions\". After losing the case, Bridgen stated that \"in actuality I won the case and my brother will be compelled by the Court in due course to repay considerable sums of money back to the businesses\", adding \"if courts always got everything correct the first time there would be no need for appeal mechanisms\".[95] In August 2022, Bridgen was evicted from the property, and ordered to pay £800,000 in legal costs.[96]","title":"Personal life"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Andrew Bridgen MP\". BBC Democracy Live. BBC. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110719012733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/62823.stm","url_text":"\"Andrew Bridgen MP\""},{"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/62823.stm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"No. 59418\". The London Gazette. 13 May 2010. p. 8743.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/59418/page/8743","url_text":"\"No. 59418\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_London_Gazette","url_text":"The London Gazette"}]},{"reference":"Walker, Peter (26 April 2023). \"Former Tory MP Andrew Bridgen expelled permanently from party\". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 June 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/apr/26/former-tory-mp-andrew-bridgen-expelled-permanently-from-party","url_text":"\"Former Tory MP Andrew Bridgen expelled permanently from party\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077","url_text":"0261-3077"}]},{"reference":"\"Andrew Bridgen: MP expelled by Tories after Covid vaccine comments\". BBC News. 26 April 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leicestershire-65402195","url_text":"\"Andrew Bridgen: MP expelled by Tories after Covid vaccine comments\""}]},{"reference":"Seddon, Paul; Schraer, Rachel (11 January 2023). \"Andrew Bridgen suspended as Tory MP over Covid vaccine comments\". BBC News. Retrieved 11 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-64236687","url_text":"\"Andrew Bridgen suspended as Tory MP over Covid vaccine comments\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tory MP Summoned By Whips After Calling For Cameron To Go\". HuffPost UK. 10 June 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/06/10/andrew-bridgen-cameron-whips_n_3414009.html","url_text":"\"Tory MP Summoned By Whips After Calling For Cameron To Go\""}]},{"reference":"\"In full: Andrew Bridgen's stinging no-confidence letter blasts Theresa May's Brexit plan\". Leicester Mercury. 10 July 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/local-news/full-andrew-bridgens-stinging-no-1770043","url_text":"\"In full: Andrew Bridgen's stinging no-confidence letter blasts Theresa May's Brexit plan\""}]},{"reference":"Hope, Christopher (13 January 2022). \"Brexiteer becomes fifth Tory MP this week to submit Boris Johnson no confidence letter\". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 15 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2022/01/13/brexiteer-becomes-fifth-tory-mp-week-submit-boris-johnson-no/","url_text":"\"Brexiteer becomes fifth Tory MP this week to submit Boris Johnson no confidence letter\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235","url_text":"0307-1235"}]},{"reference":"Penna, Dominic (16 October 2022). \"Jamie Wallis becomes third Tory MP to urge Liz Truss to quit\". The Telegraph.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2022/10/16/liz-truss-jeremy-hunt-new-chancellor-income-tax/","url_text":"\"Jamie Wallis becomes third Tory MP to urge Liz Truss to quit\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tory MP Andrew Bridgen facing suspension from Commons\". BBC News. 3 November 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-63498136","url_text":"\"Tory MP Andrew Bridgen facing suspension from Commons\""}]},{"reference":"Martin, Daniel (11 January 2023). \"Andrew Bridgen loses Tory whip after comparing Covid vaccine to the Holocaust\". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 11 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2023/01/11/andrew-bridgen-loses-tory-whip-covid-vaccine-holocaust/","url_text":"\"Andrew Bridgen loses Tory whip after comparing Covid vaccine to the Holocaust\""}]},{"reference":"Walker, Peter (3 November 2022). \"Tory MP Andrew Bridgen faces suspension over lobbying breaches\". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/nov/03/tory-mp-andrew-bridgen-faces-suspension-over-lobbying-breaches","url_text":"\"Tory MP Andrew Bridgen faces suspension over lobbying breaches\""}]},{"reference":"Curtis, Polly (9 June 2011). \"Conservative MP Andrew Bridgen arrested on suspicion of sexual assault\". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 9 June 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2011/jun/09/andrew-bridgen-arrested-suspicion-assault","url_text":"\"Conservative MP Andrew Bridgen arrested on suspicion of sexual assault\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tory told to prove 'dirty tricks' allegations\". Leicester Mercury. 30 May 2009. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. 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Archived from the original on 4 August 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190804134619/https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/top-stories/ken-clarke-and-andrew-bridgen-on-the-will-of-the-people-1-5943256","url_text":"\"Ken Clarke has a brilliant response to Brexiteer Andrew Bridgen on the 'will of the people'\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_European","url_text":"The New European"},{"url":"https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/top-stories/ken-clarke-and-andrew-bridgen-on-the-will-of-the-people-1-5943256","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Lead or step aside, senior Tory Tobias Ellwood tells Boris Johnson\". BBC News. 15 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-60005134","url_text":"\"Lead or step aside, senior Tory Tobias Ellwood tells Boris Johnson\""}]},{"reference":"Ambrose, Tom (9 January 2023). \"Andrew Bridgen suspended from House of Commons over lobbying\". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/jan/09/andrew-bridgen-suspended-from-house-of-commons-over-lobbying","url_text":"\"Andrew Bridgen suspended from House of Commons over lobbying\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tory MP Andrew Bridgen appeals against lobbying breach suspension\". ITV News. 26 November 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.itv.com/news/central/2022-11-26/tory-mp-andrew-bridgen-appeals-against-lobbying-breach-suspension","url_text":"\"Tory MP Andrew Bridgen appeals against lobbying breach suspension\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tory MP Andrew Bridgen to fight possible suspension from Commons\". BBC News. 27 November 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leicestershire-63772881","url_text":"\"Tory MP Andrew Bridgen to fight possible suspension from Commons\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tory MP Andrew Bridgen fails in appeal against recommended lobbying suspension\". The Independent. 20 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/andrew-bridgen-commons-mps-b2248585.html","url_text":"\"Tory MP Andrew Bridgen fails in appeal against recommended lobbying suspension\""}]},{"reference":"Morrison, Hamish (28 December 2022). \"Tory MP's British Heart Foundation Covid conspiracy claims dismissed\". The National. Retrieved 29 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thenational.scot/news/23216791.tory-mps-british-heart-foundation-covid-conspiracy-claims-dismissed/","url_text":"\"Tory MP's British Heart Foundation Covid conspiracy claims dismissed\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_National_(Scotland)","url_text":"The National"}]},{"reference":"Garrett, Lee (10 May 2023). \"Tories hit back over MP Andrew Bridgen 'approved' tweet claim\". Leicestershire Live – via MSN.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/tories-hit-back-over-mp-andrew-bridgen-approved-tweet-claim/ar-AA1aZNJK?ocid=Peregrine","url_text":"\"Tories hit back over MP Andrew Bridgen 'approved' tweet claim\""}]},{"reference":"Moorhouse, Sam; Moody, Jenny (13 January 2023). \"Andrew Bridgen sorry over Tweet saying covid vaccine rollout was like Holocaust\". StaffordshireLive. Reach. Retrieved 17 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.staffordshire-live.co.uk/news/local-news/andrew-bridgen-sorry-over-tweet-8025860","url_text":"\"Andrew Bridgen sorry over Tweet saying covid vaccine rollout was like Holocaust\""}]},{"reference":"Doak, Sam (14 March 2023). \"False: COVID-19 originated at Fort Detrick, a United States army base\". Logically. Retrieved 19 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-covid-19-originated-at-fort-detrick","url_text":"\"False: COVID-19 originated at Fort Detrick, a United States army base\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logically_(company)","url_text":"Logically"}]},{"reference":"Rowlands, Robert; Shaw, Neil (29 February 2024). \"Controversial MP calls for debate on death penalty for 'crimes against humanity'\". Coventry Telegraph. Reach. Retrieved 29 February 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/uk-world-news/controversial-mp-calls-debate-death-28727405","url_text":"\"Controversial MP calls for debate on death penalty for 'crimes against humanity'\""}]},{"reference":"Whannel, Kate (10 May 2023). \"Ex-Tory Andrew Bridgen joins Laurence Fox's Reclaim party\". BBC News.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-65543018","url_text":"\"Ex-Tory Andrew Bridgen joins Laurence Fox's Reclaim party\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News","url_text":"BBC News"}]},{"reference":"@abridgen (20 December 2023). \"A statement by Andrew Bridgen MP: \"This morning, I have made the incredibly difficult decision to resign from the Reclaim Party. I would first of all like to thank Laurence and all of the team at Reclaim who have been excellent and supported me wholeheartedly for the last 9 months. I have come to this decision purely because of a difference in the direction of the Party, I will still wholeheartedly support the policies and values of the Reclaim Party and wish them all of the best in their future endeavours However, I need to make a very important decision with a general election pending in the first half of next year. I need to put North West Leicestershire first, above any Party allegiance. I will continue standing up and fighting for the people of North West Leicestershire and delivering what is best for them. I have consistently campaigned against HS2 since my first election in 2010, I have been at the forefront of exposing scandals such as the modern day slavery cover up in Leicester and the Post Office Horizon scandal which was debated in the House of Commons yesterday. I have been standing up for those who have been injured by vaccines and exposing the worrying cover up of Trends in Excess Deaths on a national and indeed global scale\" ENDS\" (Tweet) – via Twitter.","urls":[{"url":"https://x.com/abridgen/status/1737394674359214324","url_text":"\"A statement by Andrew Bridgen MP: \"This morning, I have made the incredibly difficult decision to resign from the Reclaim Party. I would first of all like to thank Laurence and all of the team at Reclaim who have been excellent and supported me wholeheartedly for the last 9 months. I have come to this decision purely because of a difference in the direction of the Party, I will still wholeheartedly support the policies and values of the Reclaim Party and wish them all of the best in their future endeavours However, I need to make a very important decision with a general election pending in the first half of next year. I need to put North West Leicestershire first, above any Party allegiance. I will continue standing up and fighting for the people of North West Leicestershire and delivering what is best for them. I have consistently campaigned against HS2 since my first election in 2010, I have been at the forefront of exposing scandals such as the modern day slavery cover up in Leicester and the Post Office Horizon scandal which was debated in the House of Commons yesterday. I have been standing up for those who have been injured by vaccines and exposing the worrying cover up of Trends in Excess Deaths on a national and indeed global scale\" ENDS\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)","url_text":"Tweet"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter","url_text":"Twitter"}]},{"reference":"Gray, Sadie (11 June 2011). \"Sex assault claims are false, says 'mischievously targeted' Tory MP\". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 29 April 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sex-assault-claims-are-false-says-mischievously-targeted-tory-mp-d0w97dqb89k","url_text":"\"Sex assault claims are false, says 'mischievously targeted' Tory MP\""}]},{"reference":"\"Biography on Andrew Bridgen's official website\". Andrewbridgen.com. Retrieved 2 January 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.andrewbridgen.com/about","url_text":"\"Biography on Andrew Bridgen's official website\""}]},{"reference":"\"Mine threat to children\". Burton Mail. 29 April 2010. Archived from the original on 4 April 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120404130950/http://www.burtonmail.co.uk/News/Mine-threat-to-children.htm","url_text":"\"Mine threat to children\""},{"url":"http://www.burtonmail.co.uk/News/Mine-threat-to-children.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Rivals make inroads but again the Conservatives are smiling\". Burton Mail. 7 May 2011. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110510053618/http://www.burtonmail.co.uk/News/Rivals-make-inroads-but-again-the-Conservatives-are-smiling-07052011.htm","url_text":"\"Rivals make inroads but again the Conservatives are smiling\""},{"url":"http://www.burtonmail.co.uk/News/Rivals-make-inroads-but-again-the-Conservatives-are-smiling-07052011.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Cowburn, Ashley (7 May 2019). \"'Wives of Westminster' website launched by Tory MP's spouse accused of 'sexism'\". The Independent. Retrieved 11 January 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/wives-of-wesminster-site-conservative-mp-nevena-brigden-sexist-a8903296.html","url_text":"\"'Wives of Westminster' website launched by Tory MP's spouse accused of 'sexism'\""}]},{"reference":"\"'Arrogant' Tory MP 'lied' about conduct in family feud, judge rules\". The National. 18 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thenational.scot/news/20075557.andrew-bridgen-tory-mp-lied-conduct-family-feud/","url_text":"\"'Arrogant' Tory MP 'lied' about conduct in family feud, judge rules\""}]},{"reference":"Gabriel Pogrund; Matt Chorley (3 September 2022). \"MP Andrew Bridgen ordered to quit home in fight over family potato firm\". The Times. Retrieved 5 September 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Pogrund","url_text":"Gabriel Pogrund"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Chorley","url_text":"Matt Chorley"},{"url":"https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/mp-andrew-bridgen-ordered-to-quit-home-in-fight-over-family-potato-firm-wc30j2j6s","url_text":"\"MP Andrew Bridgen ordered to quit home in fight over family potato firm\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times","url_text":"The Times"}]}]
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claims Tory MP Andrew Bridgen\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190502030758/https://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2016/02/which-tory-mps-back-brexit-who-doesnt-and-who-is-still-on-the-fence/","external_links_name":"\"Which Tory MPs back Brexit, who doesn't and who is still on the fence?\""},{"Link":"http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2016/02/which-tory-mps-back-brexit-who-doesnt-and-who-is-still-on-the-fence/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2019/10/19/boris-won-brexiteers-hardline-tories-backed-prime-ministers/","external_links_name":"\"New allegiance of Brexit Spartans could yet win the war for Boris Johnson\""},{"Link":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/28/tory-mp-andrew-bridgen-says-david-cameron-is-finished-as-party-l/","external_links_name":"\"Senior Tory MP Andrew Bridgen says David Cameron is 'finished' as party 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I would first of all like to thank Laurence and all of the team at Reclaim who have been excellent and supported me wholeheartedly for the last 9 months. I have come to this decision purely because of a difference in the direction of the Party, I will still wholeheartedly support the policies and values of the Reclaim Party and wish them all of the best in their future endeavours However, I need to make a very important decision with a general election pending in the first half of next year. I need to put North West Leicestershire first, above any Party allegiance. I will continue standing up and fighting for the people of North West Leicestershire and delivering what is best for them. I have consistently campaigned against HS2 since my first election in 2010, I have been at the forefront of exposing scandals such as the modern day slavery cover up in Leicester and the Post Office Horizon scandal which was debated in the House of Commons yesterday. I have been standing up for those who have been injured by vaccines and exposing the worrying cover up of Trends in Excess Deaths on a national and indeed global scale\" ENDS\""},{"Link":"https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sex-assault-claims-are-false-says-mischievously-targeted-tory-mp-d0w97dqb89k","external_links_name":"\"Sex assault claims are false, says 'mischievously targeted' Tory MP\""},{"Link":"http://www.andrewbridgen.com/about","external_links_name":"\"Biography on Andrew Bridgen's official website\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120404130950/http://www.burtonmail.co.uk/News/Mine-threat-to-children.htm","external_links_name":"\"Mine threat to children\""},{"Link":"http://www.burtonmail.co.uk/News/Mine-threat-to-children.htm","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110510053618/http://www.burtonmail.co.uk/News/Rivals-make-inroads-but-again-the-Conservatives-are-smiling-07052011.htm","external_links_name":"\"Rivals make inroads but again the Conservatives are smiling\""},{"Link":"http://www.burtonmail.co.uk/News/Rivals-make-inroads-but-again-the-Conservatives-are-smiling-07052011.htm","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/wives-of-wesminster-site-conservative-mp-nevena-brigden-sexist-a8903296.html","external_links_name":"\"'Wives of Westminster' website launched by Tory MP's spouse accused of 'sexism'\""},{"Link":"https://www.thenational.scot/news/20075557.andrew-bridgen-tory-mp-lied-conduct-family-feud/","external_links_name":"\"'Arrogant' Tory MP 'lied' about conduct in family feud, judge rules\""},{"Link":"https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/mp-andrew-bridgen-ordered-to-quit-home-in-fight-over-family-potato-firm-wc30j2j6s","external_links_name":"\"MP Andrew Bridgen ordered to quit home in fight over family potato firm\""},{"Link":"https://www.andrewbridgenmp.com/","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"https://www.conservatives.com/OurTeam/Members_of_Parliament/Bridgen_Andrew.aspx","external_links_name":"Profile"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140516195824/http://www.conservatives.com/OurTeam/Members_of_Parliament/Bridgen_Andrew.aspx","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/andrew-bridgen/4133","external_links_name":"Profile"},{"Link":"https://hansard.parliament.uk/search/MemberContributions?memberId=4133","external_links_name":"Contributions in Parliament"},{"Link":"https://www.publicwhip.org.uk/mp.php?mpn=andrew_bridgen","external_links_name":"Voting record"},{"Link":"https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/andrew_bridgen","external_links_name":"Record in Parliament"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/8331168517321171980004","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2023006684","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://id.parliament.uk/GxQpqOZc","external_links_name":"UK Parliament"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bean_(cinematographer)
|
John Bean (cinematographer)
|
["1 References","2 External links"]
|
Australian cinematographer
John BeanACSBornJohn Wayne Bean(1963-06-12)12 June 1963Rockhampton, Queensland, AustraliaDied18 August 2011(2011-08-18) (aged 48)Lake Eyre, South AustraliaNationalityAustralianSpousePip Courtney (1999–2011; his death)
John Wayne Bean ACS (12 June 1963 – 18 August 2011) was an Australian cinematographer who worked at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) for over 20 years.
Bean was born in Rockhampton, Queensland, to Judy (née Suthers) and Colin, a carpenter. He had a younger sister, Tammy. After graduating from Glenmore State High School, he initially studied graphic design at the Queensland College of Art in Brisbane, before he majored in film and television and earned a Diploma in Arts in 1983.
In 1984, Bean started working at regional television station RTQ7 Rockhampton. He then moved to DDQ10 Toowoomba two years later. From 1989 to 1994, he worked in the Canberra Press Gallery.
In 1993, while working as a cameraman for Landline, Bean became friends with reporter Pip Courtney. They married on 23 January 1999.
Bean shot "With This Ring", a 2003 episode of Australian Story.
On 18 August 2011, Bean, television journalist Paul Lockyer and pilot Gary Ticehurst died in a helicopter crash while filming at Lake Eyre in South Australia. In September, Bean was posthumously accredited by the Australian Cinematographers Society to use the ACS designation after his name.
In May 2012, the ABC and Griffith University announced the establishment of the ABC John Bean Memorial Scholarship for Cinematography. Bean had mentored students at the Griffith Film School for four years.
References
^ Brown, Malcolm. "Bean, John Wayne (1963–2011)". Australian National University. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
^ a b "John Bean". ABC. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
^ a b "VALE: John Bean, Gary Ticehurst and Paul Lockyer". Australian Cinematographers Society. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
^ Thompson, Jeremy (22 August 2011). "Parliamentary tribute for lost ABC newsmen". ABC News. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
^ Dalton, Trent (17 March 2012). "The search for fragments of love". The Advertiser. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
^ "John Bean: the man behind the lens". ABC News. 19 August 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
^ "ABC mourns news crew killed in helicopter crash". The Sydney Morning Herald. 19 August 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
^ Swift, Brendan (5 October 2011). "Australian Cinematographers Society awards four cinematographers with ACS mark". If. Archived from the original on 22 July 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
^ "ABC John Bean Memorial Scholarship". ABC. 8 March 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
External links
John Bean at IMDb
Authority control databases: People
Trove
|
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|
[]
| null |
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_films_before_1970
|
List of Nigerian films before 1970
|
["1 Colonial era","1.1 1920s","1.2 1930s","1.3 1940s","1.4 1950s","2 Republical era","2.1 1960s","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"]
|
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2018)
This is a list of Nigerian films released before 1970.
Nigerian Cinema
Before 1970
1970s
1980s
1990s
1990 1991 1992 1993 19941995 1996 1997 1998 1999
2000s
2000 2001 2002 2003 20042005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010s
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
2020s
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
vte
Colonial era
1920s
Title
Director
Genre
Notes
Ref
1926
Palaver
Geoffrey Barkas
Adventure
Recognized as the first Nigerian feature film, for its use of non-professional local Nigerian as actors
1930s
Title
Director
Genre
Notes
Ref
1935
Sanders of the River
Zoltán Korda
Adventure, Drama
British film set in Colonial Nigeria
1937
The High Command
Thorold Dickinson
Drama
British film shot in Colonial Nigeria
1940s
Title
Director
Genre
Notes
Ref
1945
The Man from Morocco
Mutz Greenbaum
Action, Adventure
British film featuring Nigerian actor Orlando Martins
1946
Men of Two Worlds
Thorold Dickinson
Drama
British film featuring Nigerian actor Orlando Martins (uncredited)
1947
North and South of the Niger
John Page
Cocumentary
British black-and-white documentary
1949
Daybreak in Udi
Terry Bishop
Documentary
British black-and-white documentaryWinner of the Oscar for Best Documentary in 1950
1950s
Title
Director
Genre
Notes
Ref
1956
Nigeria Greets Her Queen
Lionel Snazelle
Documentary
The first Nigerian documentary film to be shot in colour
1957
Fincho
Sam Zebba
Drama
The first Nigerian scripted film to be shot in colour
Freedom
Vernon Messenger
Drama
Nigerian drama shot in colour
1958
People like Maria
Harry Watt
Documentary
British black-and-white documentary
Republical era
1960s
Title
Director
Genre
Notes
Ref
1960
Iju
Lionel Snazelle
Documentary
British black-and-white documentary
1966
Give Me a Riddle
David Schickele
Drama
American-Nigerian black-and-white co-production
1969
One Nigeria
Ola Balogun
Documentary
Nigerian black-and-white documentary
See also
List of Nigerian films
References
^ http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/1452
External links
vteCinema of NigeriaHistory
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vteLists of films by countryAfricaCentral
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Jackson_(media_personality)
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J. J. Jackson (media personality)
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["1 Career","2 Death","3 References"]
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Radio, television personality & MTV VJ (1941-2004)
This article is about the media personality. For the singer, see J. J. Jackson (singer).
J. J. JacksonBornJohn J. Jackson Jr.(1941-04-08)April 8, 1941New York City, USDiedMarch 17, 2004(2004-03-17) (aged 62)Los Angeles, California, USOther namesTriple JOccupation(s)Radio and television personality
John J. "J. J." Jackson Jr. (April 8, 1941 – March 17, 2004) was an American radio and television personality. He was one of MTV's five original VJs (along with Nina Blackwood, Mark Goodman, Alan Hunter, and Martha Quinn). In his appearances on MTV, Jackson often went by and introduced himself as "Triple J."
Career
Jackson first gained prominence while working at WBCN in Boston in the late 1960s, then at KLOS in Los Angeles for ten years. Jackson was one of the first DJs to introduce Americans to The Who and Led Zeppelin. In 1976, he was featured in a voice-only performance as a DJ of the fictional KGYS radio in the movie Car Wash. He was a music reporter for KABC-TV when he was tapped as one of MTV's original "fab five." As a VJ, Jackson hosted the long-awaited and much anticipated "unmasking" of KISS. He was one of the few African Americans to DJ an "album rock" radio station.
After five years at MTV, Jackson returned to Los Angeles radio, JJ's first gig after MTV was 106 KWST then at KROQ-FM in 1987, then as program director of modern rock/alternative station KEDG ("The Edge") until May 1989. He later returned to KLOS, and hosted the afternoon shift at smooth jazz station KTWV ("The Wave") for one year. He also hosted Westwood One Radio Network's nationally syndicated radio show The Beatle Years from 1995 until his death.
Death
On March 17, 2004, Jackson, 62, suffered a heart attack and died while driving home after dining with a friend in Los Angeles. Jackson had a daughter and three grandchildren.
References
^ Jim Ladd's "Radio Waves: Life & Revolution on the FM Dial"
^ Reid, Shaheem; Waller, Curtis; Vineyard, Jennifer (2004-03-14). "J.J. Jackson, One Of MTV's First VJs, Dies At Age 62 (Archive)". mtv.com. Archived from the original on 2014-02-15. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Authority control databases International
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SNAC
This article on a dance music disc jockey is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Ghafiqi
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Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah al-Ghafiqi
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["1 Early years","2 Battle of Toulouse","3 Rebellion in Cerdanya","4 Battle of the River Garonne","5 Battle of Tours","6 Aftermath","7 Notes","8 References","9 Further reading"]
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Muslim general of the 8th century
For other people with the same name, see ‘Abd ar-Rahman (name).
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Abd al-Rahman al-GhafiqiBirth nameAbd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah Al-GhafiqiBornTihamah, Arabia, Umayyad CaliphateDied10 October 732 (0732-10-11)Vouneuil-sur-Vienne, Poitiers, FranciaAllegianceUmayyad CaliphateYears of service722–732Battles/warsBattle of Toulouse (721)Battle of the River GaronneBattle of Tours
Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah Al-Ghafiqi (Arabic: عبد الرحمن بن عبد اللّه الغافقي, romanized: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ghāfiqī; died 732), was an Arab Umayyad commander and governor who led Andalusian Muslim forces against the Franks. His invasion failed, and he was killed in action against the forces of Charles Martel in the Battle of Tours on October 10, 732 AD.
Early years
From the Arab Tihamite tribe of Ghafiq, he relocated to Ifriqiya (now Tunisia), then to the stretch of the Maghreb that is now Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and Mauritania, where he became acquainted with Musa ibn Nusayr and his son Abd al-Aziz, the governors of al-Andalus.
Battle of Toulouse
Abd Al-Rahman took part in the Battle of Toulouse, where Al Samh ibn Malik was killed in 721 (102 AH) by the forces of Duke Odo of Aquitaine. After the severe defeat, he fled south along with other commanders and troops, and took over the command of Eastern Andalus. He was briefly relieved of his command, when Anbasa ibn Suhaym al-Kalbi was appointed in 721. After Anbasa died in 726 in southern Gaul, several successive commanders were put in place, none of whom lasted very long.
Rebellion in Cerdanya
In 730, the Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik appointed Abd Al-Rahman as wali (governor) of al-Andalus. David Levering Lewis describes him as "intelligent, eloquent, and an accomplished administrator". On hearing that Uthman ibn Naissa, the Berber deputy governor of Catalunya, had concluded an alliance with duke Odo of Aquitaine, in order to set up an independent Catalunya for himself, the governor hurried to quell the rebellion. He engaged the Berber lord's forces and killed him in 731. By some accounts, Uthman ibn Naissa killed himself.
Battle of the River Garonne
Main article: Battle of the River Garonne
The wali assembled troops in Pamplona, called for recruits from Yemen and the Levant, and prepared to cross the Pyrenees into Gaul. Many arrived, and he crossed the Pyrenees range with an army composed primarily of Arabs. Emir Abd Al-Rahman made his way through Gascony and Aquitaine, according to one unidentified Arab, "That army went through all places like a desolating storm," sacking and capturing the city of Bordeaux, after defeating Duke Odo of Aquitaine in battle outside the city, and then again defeating a second army of Duke Odo at the Battle of the River Garonne —where the western chroniclers state, "God alone knows the number of the slain."
Unlike Toulouse, where Odo had won by achieving complete surprise over the Muslim forces when he relieved the city in 721, this time his forces were forced to face the Muslim cavalry in open battle and were utterly destroyed. Also, the Muslim forces he had faced at the Battle of Toulouse were primarily light infantry and, while good fighters, were not remotely close to the caliber of the Arab cavalry brought by the Emir in this invasion.
Battle of Tours
Main article: Battle of Tours
Odo, with his remaining nobility, fled to Charles Martel, seeking help. Charles was campaigning on the Danube when news reached him. Martel had a seasoned professional infantry which had campaigned with him for many years and force-marched his army towards Acquitaine. In addition to the levies of militia the Franks normally called up to buttress their forces, he formed an army of Gauls and Germans approximately 30,000 strong. The invading forces, having no reason to believe the Franks were anything more than one of the various barbarian tribes that had ravaged Europe after Rome's fall, failed to scout their strength in advance. They also misjudged Charles Martel, who was determined to prevent the expansion of the Caliphate over the Pyrenees into the heart of Christian Europe. This was a disastrous mistake which led to the defeat of Abd Al-Rahman in 732 near Poitiers, south of the river Loire.
The Frankish leader chose the battlefield. Moving his army over the mountains and avoiding the open roads, he escaped detection until positioning his men on a high, wooded plain. Martel had carefully chosen the battlefield, in large part knowing the hills and trees surrounding his position would greatly hinder the Muslim cavalry. For seven days, the two armies skirmished and maneuvered, with the Islamic forces recalling all their raiding parties, so that on the seventh day, their army was at full strength. Martel also received some reinforcements, though most historians agree he was badly outnumbered during the battle. Martel trained his men to fight in a large square, similar to the ancient Greek phalanx formation, to withstand the Muslim heavy cavalry. The Franks held their defensive formation all day, and repulsed repeated charges by the Muslim heavy cavalry.
According to Lewis, the Muslim soldiers were accompanied by their families. Wives and concubines were among the casualties. Realizing their camp was being plundered, a large contingent of Abd Al-Rahman's forces broke off battle and returned to rescue their booty. Abd Al-Rahman was thus left exposed before the Frankish infantry and was killed in battle while attempting to rally his men. One reason for the defeat of the Muslim army was their preoccupation with war booty; another was the squabbles between various ethnic and tribal factions, which led to the surviving generals being unable to agree on a single commander to take Abd Al-Rahman's place. Political factions, racial and ethnic rivalries, and personality clashes arose following his death. The varied nationalities and ethnicities present in an army drawn from all over the Caliphate, and the surviving generals, bickered among themselves, unable to agree on a commander to lead them the following day. The inability to select anyone to lead certainly contributed to the wholesale retreat of an army that was still dangerous.
Aftermath
Arab historians unanimously praise Abd Al-Rahman as a just and able administrator and commander, and bestow on him the honor of being the best governor of al-Andalus, where he did not take sides in the ethnic and tribal divisions that plagued al-Andalus under other rulers. Evidence of his irreplaceability as a ruler was demonstrated in the aftermath of his death at the Battle of Tours. Without his leadership and guidance, the other commanders were unable even to agree on a commander to lead them back into battle the following morning. Therefore, the effect of the death of Abd Al-Rahman on both Islamic and world history was profound.
His son attempted another invasion of Gaul under the Caliph's instructions in 736, this time by sea. This naval invasion landed in Narbonne in 736 and moved at once to reinforce Muslim Arles and move inland. Charles again descended on the Provençal strongholds of the Muslims. In 736, he took Montfrin and Avignon, and Arles and Aix-en-Provence with the help of Liutprand, King of the Lombards. Nîmes, Agde and Béziers, held by Muslims since 725, also fell to him and their fortresses and probably the cities altogether were destroyed. He crushed one Muslim army at Arles, as that force sallied out of the city, and then took the city itself by a direct and frontal attack, and burned it to the ground to prevent its use again as a stronghold for Muslim expansion. He then moved swiftly and defeated a mighty host outside of Narbonne at the River Berre, but lacking siege machines was unable to take the city.
Notes
^ Chambers Biographical Dictionary, ISBN 0-550-18022-2, page 2
^ a b c Lewis, David Levering. God's Crucible: Islam and the Making of Europe, 570-1215, W. W. Norton & Company, 2009, ISBN 9780393067903.
^ Medieval Sourcebook: "Arabs, Franks, and the Battle of Tours, 732: Three Accounts", Fordham University
^ Davis, Paul K. “100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present
References
Creasy Edward S., Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World From Marathon to Waterloo
Medieval Sourcebook: Arabs, Franks, and the Battle of Tours, 732
Watson, William E., "The Battle of Tours-Poitiers Revisited", Providence: Studies in Western Civilization, 2 (1993)
Further reading
The New Century Book of Facts, King-Richardson Company, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1911
"Early Andalusian Politics", by Richard Greydanus
Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, (New York, 1974), 6:16.
Richard Hooker, "Civil War and the Umayyads"
Tours, Poiters, from "Leaders and Battles Database" online.
Robert W. Martin, "The Battle of Tours is still felt today", from about.com
Santosuosso, Anthony, Barbarians, Marauders, and Infidels ISBN 0-8133-9153-9
Bennett, Bradsbury, Devries, Dickie and Jestice, Fighting Techniques of the Medieval World
Reagan, Geoffry, The Guinness Book of Decisive Battles, Canopy Books, NY (1992) ISBN 1-55859-431-0
Preceded byAl-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani
Governor of Al-Andalus 721–722
Succeeded byAnbasa ibn Suhaym Al-Kalbi
Preceded byMuhammad ibn Abd Allah al-Ashja'i
Governor of Al-Andalus 730–732
Succeeded byAbd al-Malik ibn Katan al-Fihri
vteUmayyad governors of al-AndalusDependent
Musa ibn Nusayr
Abd al-Aziz
Ayyub ibn Habib
al-Hurr ibn Abd al-Rahman
al-Samh ibn Malik
Abd al-Rahman
Anbasa ibn Suhaym
Udhra ibn Abd Allah
Yahya ibn Salama
Hudhaifa ibn al-Ahwas
Uthman ibn Abi Nis'a
al-Haytham ibn Ubayd
Muhammad ibn Abd Allah
Abd al-Rahman
Abd al-Malik
Uqba ibn al-Hajjaj
Abd al-Malik
Balj ibn Bishr
Thalaba ibn Salama
Abu'l-Khattar al-Husam
Tuwaba ibn Salama
Abd al-Rahman
Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman
IndependentUmayyad emirs
Abd al-Rahman I
Al-Ala ibn Mughith
Abd al-Rahman
Hisham I
al-Hakam I
Abd ar-Rahman II
Muhammad I
al-Mundhir
Abdallah ibn Muhammad
Abd al-Rahman III
Umayyad caliphs
Abd al-Rahman III
Al-Hakam II
Hisham II
Muhammad II
Sulayman II
Hisham II
Sulayman II
al-Mu'ayti
Abd al-Rahman IV
Hammudid caliphs
Ali ibn Hammud
Al-Qasim ibn Hammud
Yahya ibn Ali
Al-Qasim ibn Hammud
Umayyad caliphs
Abd al-Rahman V
Muhammad III
Hisham III
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İslâm Ansiklopedisi
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"‘Abd ar-Rahman (name)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%98Abd_ar-Rahman_(name)"},{"link_name":"Arabic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language"},{"link_name":"romanized","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic"},{"link_name":"Arab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs"},{"link_name":"Umayyad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate"},{"link_name":"Andalusian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus"},{"link_name":"Charles Martel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Martel"},{"link_name":"Battle of Tours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tours"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"For other people with the same name, see ‘Abd ar-Rahman (name).Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah Al-Ghafiqi (Arabic: عبد الرحمن بن عبد اللّه الغافقي, romanized: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ghāfiqī; died 732), was an Arab Umayyad commander and governor who led Andalusian Muslim forces against the Franks. His invasion failed, and he was killed in action against the forces of Charles Martel in the Battle of Tours on October 10, 732 AD.[1]","title":"Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah al-Ghafiqi"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Arab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab"},{"link_name":"Tihamite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihamah"},{"link_name":"Ifriqiya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifriqiya"},{"link_name":"Tunisia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia"},{"link_name":"Maghreb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb"},{"link_name":"Algeria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria"},{"link_name":"Morocco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco"},{"link_name":"Mauritania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania"},{"link_name":"Musa ibn Nusayr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_ibn_Nusayr"},{"link_name":"Abd al-Aziz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_ibn_Musa"},{"link_name":"al-Andalus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus"}],"text":"From the Arab Tihamite tribe of Ghafiq, he relocated to Ifriqiya (now Tunisia), then to the stretch of the Maghreb that is now Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and Mauritania, where he became acquainted with Musa ibn Nusayr and his son Abd al-Aziz, the governors of al-Andalus.","title":"Early years"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Battle of Toulouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Toulouse_(721)"},{"link_name":"Al Samh ibn Malik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Samh_ibn_Malik_al-Khawlani"},{"link_name":"AH","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calendar"},{"link_name":"Odo of Aquitaine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odo_of_Aquitaine"},{"link_name":"Anbasa ibn Suhaym al-Kalbi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anbasa_ibn_Suhaym_al-Kalbi"},{"link_name":"Gaul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaul"}],"text":"Abd Al-Rahman took part in the Battle of Toulouse, where Al Samh ibn Malik was killed in 721 (102 AH) by the forces of Duke Odo of Aquitaine. After the severe defeat, he fled south along with other commanders and troops, and took over the command of Eastern Andalus. He was briefly relieved of his command, when Anbasa ibn Suhaym al-Kalbi was appointed in 721. After Anbasa died in 726 in southern Gaul, several successive commanders were put in place, none of whom lasted very long.","title":"Battle of Toulouse"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Caliph","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliph"},{"link_name":"Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik"},{"link_name":"wali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wali_(administrative_title)"},{"link_name":"David Levering Lewis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Levering_Lewis"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lewis-2"},{"link_name":"Uthman ibn Naissa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munuza"},{"link_name":"Odo of Aquitaine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odo_the_Great"}],"text":"In 730, the Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik appointed Abd Al-Rahman as wali (governor) of al-Andalus. David Levering Lewis describes him as \"intelligent, eloquent, and an accomplished administrator\".[2] On hearing that Uthman ibn Naissa, the Berber deputy governor of Catalunya, had concluded an alliance with duke Odo of Aquitaine, in order to set up an independent Catalunya for himself, the governor hurried to quell the rebellion. He engaged the Berber lord's forces and killed him in 731. By some accounts, Uthman ibn Naissa killed himself.","title":"Rebellion in Cerdanya"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pamplona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamplona"},{"link_name":"Levant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant"},{"link_name":"Gaul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaul"},{"link_name":"dubious","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement"},{"link_name":"discuss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_Abd_Allah_al-Ghafiqi#Dubious"},{"link_name":"Pyrenees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrenees"},{"link_name":"Arabs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab"},{"link_name":"Gascony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gascony"},{"link_name":"Aquitaine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquitaine"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Bordeaux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux"},{"link_name":"Odo of Aquitaine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odo_of_Aquitaine"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Odo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odo_the_Great"}],"text":"The wali assembled troops in Pamplona, called for recruits from Yemen and the Levant, and prepared to cross the Pyrenees into Gaul.[dubious – discuss] Many arrived, and he crossed the Pyrenees range with an army composed primarily of Arabs. Emir Abd Al-Rahman made his way through Gascony and Aquitaine, according to one unidentified Arab, \"That army went through all places like a desolating storm,\"[citation needed] sacking and capturing the city of Bordeaux, after defeating Duke Odo of Aquitaine in battle outside the city, and then again defeating a second army of Duke Odo at the Battle of the River Garonne —where the western chroniclers state, \"God alone knows the number of the slain.\"\n[3] Unlike Toulouse, where Odo had won by achieving complete surprise over the Muslim forces when he relieved the city in 721, this time his forces were forced to face the Muslim cavalry in open battle and were utterly destroyed. Also, the Muslim forces he had faced at the Battle of Toulouse were primarily light infantry and, while good fighters, were not remotely close to the caliber of the Arab cavalry brought by the Emir in this invasion.","title":"Battle of the River Garonne"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Odo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odo_the_Great"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lewis-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Davis-4"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Poitiers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poitiers"},{"link_name":"Loire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loire"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lewis-2"}],"text":"Odo, with his remaining nobility, fled to Charles Martel, seeking help. Charles was campaigning on the Danube when news reached him. Martel had a seasoned professional infantry which had campaigned with him for many years and force-marched his army towards Acquitaine.[2] In addition to the levies of militia the Franks normally called up to buttress their forces,[4] he formed an army of Gauls and Germans approximately 30,000 strong. The invading forces, having no reason to believe the Franks were anything more than one of the various barbarian tribes that had ravaged Europe after Rome's fall, failed to scout their strength in advance. They also misjudged Charles Martel, who was determined to prevent the expansion of the Caliphate over the Pyrenees into the heart of Christian Europe.[citation needed] This was a disastrous mistake which led to the defeat of Abd Al-Rahman in 732 near Poitiers, south of the river Loire.The Frankish leader chose the battlefield. Moving his army over the mountains and avoiding the open roads, he escaped detection until positioning his men on a high, wooded plain. Martel had carefully chosen the battlefield, in large part knowing the hills and trees surrounding his position would greatly hinder the Muslim cavalry. For seven days, the two armies skirmished and maneuvered, with the Islamic forces recalling all their raiding parties, so that on the seventh day, their army was at full strength. Martel also received some reinforcements, though most historians agree he was badly outnumbered during the battle. Martel trained his men to fight in a large square, similar to the ancient Greek phalanx formation, to withstand the Muslim heavy cavalry. The Franks held their defensive formation all day, and repulsed repeated charges by the Muslim heavy cavalry.According to Lewis, the Muslim soldiers were accompanied by their families. Wives and concubines were among the casualties.[2] Realizing their camp was being plundered, a large contingent of Abd Al-Rahman's forces broke off battle and returned to rescue their booty. Abd Al-Rahman was thus left exposed before the Frankish infantry and was killed in battle while attempting to rally his men. One reason for the defeat of the Muslim army was their preoccupation with war booty; another was the squabbles between various ethnic and tribal factions, which led to the surviving generals being unable to agree on a single commander to take Abd Al-Rahman's place. Political factions, racial and ethnic rivalries, and personality clashes arose following his death. The varied nationalities and ethnicities present in an army drawn from all over the Caliphate, and the surviving generals, bickered among themselves, unable to agree on a commander to lead them the following day. The inability to select anyone to lead certainly contributed to the wholesale retreat of an army that was still dangerous.","title":"Battle of Tours"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Narbonne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narbonne"},{"link_name":"Arles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arles"},{"link_name":"dubious","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement"},{"link_name":"discuss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_Abd_Allah_al-Ghafiqi#Dubious"},{"link_name":"Montfrin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montfrin"},{"link_name":"Avignon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avignon"},{"link_name":"Aix-en-Provence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aix-en-Provence"},{"link_name":"Liutprand, King of the Lombards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liutprand,_King_of_the_Lombards"},{"link_name":"Nîmes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AEmes"},{"link_name":"Agde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agde"},{"link_name":"Béziers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ziers"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Arab historians[citation needed] unanimously praise Abd Al-Rahman as a just and able administrator and commander, and bestow on him the honor of being the best governor of al-Andalus, where he did not take sides in the ethnic and tribal divisions that plagued al-Andalus under other rulers. Evidence of his irreplaceability as a ruler was demonstrated in the aftermath of his death at the Battle of Tours. Without his leadership and guidance, the other commanders were unable even to agree on a commander to lead them back into battle the following morning. Therefore, the effect of the death of Abd Al-Rahman on both Islamic and world history was profound.His son attempted another invasion of Gaul under the Caliph's instructions in 736, this time by sea.[citation needed] This naval invasion landed in Narbonne in 736 and moved at once to reinforce Muslim Arles and move inland.[dubious – discuss] Charles again descended on the Provençal strongholds of the Muslims. In 736, he took Montfrin and Avignon, and Arles and Aix-en-Provence with the help of Liutprand, King of the Lombards. Nîmes, Agde and Béziers, held by Muslims since 725, also fell to him and their fortresses and probably the cities altogether were destroyed. He crushed one Muslim army at Arles, as that force sallied out of the city, and then took the city itself by a direct and frontal attack, and burned it to the ground to prevent its use again as a stronghold for Muslim expansion.[citation needed] He then moved swiftly and defeated a mighty host outside of Narbonne at the River Berre, but lacking siege machines was unable to take the city.","title":"Aftermath"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"Chambers Biographical Dictionary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambers_Biographical_Dictionary"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-550-18022-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-550-18022-2"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Lewis_2-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Lewis_2-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Lewis_2-2"},{"link_name":"God's Crucible: Islam and the Making of Europe, 570-1215","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=Zxuar_ISdcUC&dq=Abdul+Rahman+Al+Ghafiqi+%2B+Al+Andalus&pg=PA164"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780393067903","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393067903"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"Medieval Sourcebook: \"Arabs, Franks, and the Battle of Tours, 732: Three Accounts\", Fordham University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/732tours.html"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Davis_4-0"}],"text":"^ Chambers Biographical Dictionary, ISBN 0-550-18022-2, page 2\n\n^ a b c Lewis, David Levering. God's Crucible: Islam and the Making of Europe, 570-1215, W. W. Norton & Company, 2009, ISBN 9780393067903.\n\n^ Medieval Sourcebook: \"Arabs, Franks, and the Battle of Tours, 732: Three Accounts\", Fordham University\n\n^ Davis, Paul K. “100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present","title":"Notes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"Early Andalusian Politics\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//rgrydns.blogspot.com/2005/11/early-andalusian-politics.html"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-8133-9153-9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-9153-9"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1-55859-431-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55859-431-0"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Umayyad_governors_of_al-Andalus"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Umayyad_governors_of_al-Andalus&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Umayyad_governors_of_al-Andalus"},{"link_name":"Umayyad governors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Umayyad_governors_of_al-Andalus"},{"link_name":"al-Andalus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus"},{"link_name":"Musa ibn Nusayr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_ibn_Nusayr"},{"link_name":"Abd al-Aziz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_ibn_Musa"},{"link_name":"Ayyub ibn Habib","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayyub_ibn_Habib_al-Lakhmi"},{"link_name":"al-Hurr ibn Abd al-Rahman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hurr_ibn_Abd_al-Rahman_al-Thaqafi"},{"link_name":"al-Samh ibn Malik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Samh_ibn_Malik_al-Khawlani"},{"link_name":"Abd al-Rahman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Anbasa ibn Suhaym","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anbasa_ibn_Suhaym_al-Kalbi"},{"link_name":"Udhra ibn Abd Allah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udhra_ibn_Abd_Allah_al-Fihri"},{"link_name":"Yahya ibn Salama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Salama_al-Kalbi"},{"link_name":"Hudhaifa ibn al-Ahwas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudhayfa_ibn_al-Ahwas_al-Qaysi"},{"link_name":"Uthman ibn Abi Nis'a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthman_ibn_Abi_Nis%27a_al-Khath%27ami"},{"link_name":"al-Haytham ibn Ubayd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Haytham_ibn_Ubayd_al-Kilabi"},{"link_name":"Muhammad ibn Abd Allah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_Allah_al-Ashja%27i"},{"link_name":"Abd al-Rahman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Abd al-Malik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Katan_al-Fihri"},{"link_name":"Uqba ibn al-Hajjaj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uqba_ibn_al-Hajjaj"},{"link_name":"Abd al-Malik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Katan_al-Fihri"},{"link_name":"Balj ibn Bishr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balj_ibn_Bishr_al-Qushayri"},{"link_name":"Thalaba ibn Salama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalaba_ibn_Salama_al-Amili"},{"link_name":"Abu'l-Khattar al-Husam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu%27l-Khattar_al-Husam_ibn_Darar_al-Kalbi"},{"link_name":"Tuwaba ibn Salama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuwaba_ibn_Salama_al-Judhami"},{"link_name":"Abd al-Rahman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_Kathir_al-Lakhmi"},{"link_name":"Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Abd_al-Rahman_al-Fihri"},{"link_name":"Abd al-Rahman I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_I"},{"link_name":"Al-Ala ibn Mughith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ala_ibn_Mughith_al-Judhami"},{"link_name":"Abd al-Rahman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_Habib_al-Siqlabi"},{"link_name":"Hisham I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisham_I_of_C%C3%B3rdoba"},{"link_name":"al-Hakam I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hakam_I"},{"link_name":"Abd ar-Rahman II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_ar-Rahman_II"},{"link_name":"Muhammad I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_I_of_C%C3%B3rdoba"},{"link_name":"al-Mundhir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mundhir_of_C%C3%B3rdoba"},{"link_name":"Abdallah ibn Muhammad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_of_C%C3%B3rdoba"},{"link_name":"Abd al-Rahman III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_III"},{"link_name":"Abd al-Rahman III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_III"},{"link_name":"Al-Hakam II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hakam_II"},{"link_name":"Hisham II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisham_II"},{"link_name":"Muhammad II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_C%C3%B3rdoba"},{"link_name":"Sulayman II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulayman_ibn_al-Hakam"},{"link_name":"Hisham II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisham_II"},{"link_name":"Sulayman II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulayman_ibn_al-Hakam"},{"link_name":"al-Mu'ayti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mu%27ayti"},{"link_name":"Abd al-Rahman IV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_IV"},{"link_name":"Hammudid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammudid_dynasty"},{"link_name":"Ali ibn Hammud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_ibn_Hammud_al-Nasir"},{"link_name":"Al-Qasim ibn Hammud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qasim_al-Ma%27mun"},{"link_name":"Yahya ibn Ali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Ali_ibn_Hammud_al-Mu%27tali"},{"link_name":"Al-Qasim ibn Hammud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qasim_al-Ma%27mun"},{"link_name":"Abd al-Rahman V","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_V"},{"link_name":"Muhammad III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_III_of_C%C3%B3rdoba"},{"link_name":"Hisham III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisham_III_of_C%C3%B3rdoba"},{"link_name":"Authority control databases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220228#identifiers"},{"link_name":"FAST","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//id.worldcat.org/fast/1803097/"},{"link_name":"ISNI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//isni.org/isni/0000000078913601"},{"link_name":"VIAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//viaf.org/viaf/90039145"},{"link_name":"WorldCat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJckPxqmWwyfhRxY3XTbVC"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//d-nb.info/gnd/1076011535"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007491623205171"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//id.loc.gov/authorities/n82164388"},{"link_name":"Deutsche Biographie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1076011535.html?language=en"},{"link_name":"IdRef","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.idref.fr/101541228"},{"link_name":"İslâm Ansiklopedisi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/abdurrahman-el-gafiki"}],"text":"The New Century Book of Facts, King-Richardson Company, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1911\n\"Early Andalusian Politics\", by Richard Greydanus\nEdward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, (New York, 1974), 6:16.\nRichard Hooker, \"Civil War and the Umayyads\"\nTours, Poiters, from \"Leaders and Battles Database\" online.\nRobert W. Martin, \"The Battle of Tours is still felt today\", from about.com\nSantosuosso, Anthony, Barbarians, Marauders, and Infidels ISBN 0-8133-9153-9\nBennett, Bradsbury, Devries, Dickie and Jestice, Fighting Techniques of the Medieval World\nReagan, Geoffry, The Guinness Book of Decisive Battles, Canopy Books, NY (1992) ISBN 1-55859-431-0vteUmayyad governors of al-AndalusDependent\nMusa ibn Nusayr\nAbd al-Aziz\nAyyub ibn Habib\nal-Hurr ibn Abd al-Rahman\nal-Samh ibn Malik\nAbd al-Rahman\nAnbasa ibn Suhaym\nUdhra ibn Abd Allah\nYahya ibn Salama\nHudhaifa ibn al-Ahwas\nUthman ibn Abi Nis'a\nal-Haytham ibn Ubayd\nMuhammad ibn Abd Allah\nAbd al-Rahman\nAbd al-Malik\nUqba ibn al-Hajjaj\nAbd al-Malik\nBalj ibn Bishr\nThalaba ibn Salama\nAbu'l-Khattar al-Husam\nTuwaba ibn Salama\nAbd al-Rahman\nYusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman\nIndependentUmayyad emirs\nAbd al-Rahman I\nAl-Ala ibn Mughith\nAbd al-Rahman\nHisham I\nal-Hakam I\nAbd ar-Rahman II\nMuhammad I\nal-Mundhir\nAbdallah ibn Muhammad\nAbd al-Rahman III\nUmayyad caliphs\nAbd al-Rahman III\nAl-Hakam II\nHisham II\nMuhammad II\nSulayman II\nHisham II\nSulayman II\nal-Mu'ayti\nAbd al-Rahman IV\nHammudid caliphs\nAli ibn Hammud\nAl-Qasim ibn Hammud\nYahya ibn Ali\nAl-Qasim ibn Hammud\nUmayyad caliphs\nAbd al-Rahman V\nMuhammad III\nHisham IIIAuthority control databases International\nFAST\nISNI\nVIAF\nWorldCat\nNational\nGermany\nIsrael\nUnited States\nPeople\nDeutsche Biographie\nOther\nIdRef\nİslâm Ansiklopedisi","title":"Further reading"}]
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar_%C4%86apin
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Aleksandar Ćapin
|
["1 Early life","2 Professional career","2.1 KK Krka","3 National team career","4 Career statistics","4.1 EuroLeague","5 References","6 External links"]
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Slovenian basketball player
Aleksandar ĆapinPersonal informationBorn (1982-10-06) October 6, 1982 (age 41)Sarajevo, SFR YugoslaviaNationalitySlovenian / SerbianListed height1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)Listed weight84 kg (185 lb)Career informationNBA draft2004: undraftedPlaying career2000–2017PositionPoint guardNumber6, 10, 12, 13, 24Career history2000–2003Krka2003–2004Telekom Bonn2004Gravelines-Dunkerque2004–2005Panellinios2005–2006Viola Reggio Calabria2006–2008Cimberio Varese2008Panionios2009Lokomotiv Rostov / Kuban2010–2011Žalgiris2011Union Olimpija2011–2012Türk Telekom2012–2013Radnički Kragujevac2013–2014Budućnost Podgorica2014–2015Juvecaserta Basket2015MZT Skopje2015–2016Igokea2016Koroivos2017Sixt Primorska2017Dynamic
Career highlights and awards
LKL champion (2011)
BBL champion (2011)
Adriatic League MVP (2013)
Adriatic League Top Scorer (2013)
Adriatic League assists leader (2013)
Macedonian League champion (2015)
German League Best Young Player (2004)
Aleksandar Ćapin (born October 6, 1982) is a Serbian former professional basketball player.
Early life
Growing up in Sarajevo, Ćapin took up association football in the FK Sarajevo youth system.
In spring 1992, with the outbreak of the Bosnian War, he fled his hometown by being sent to Belgrade along with his sister while their parents joined them several months later. In Belgrade, young Ćapin continued pursuing football within the FK Rad youth system.
In 1993, disappointed with being demoted to FK Rad's second team, the youngster switched to basketball by starting to attend KK Partizan-organized training sessions administered by the youth coach Dragiša Stamenković at the France Prešern Elementary School in the Belgrade neighbourhood of Miljakovac. Deemed talented enough, Ćapin was attached to KK Partizan's youth system where he was coached by Stamenković for a few seasons before progressing up the age groups within the system and being coached by Igor Kokoškov, Milovan "Kime" Bogojević, Aleksandar Bućan, and Nenad Trajković.
Among the fellow prospects Ćapin shared rosters with at Partizan youth system were Marko Peković, Vule Avdalović, Aleksandar Gajić, and Mirko Kovač.
Professional career
KK Krka
After playing in the juniors of Partizan, Ćapin would end up starting his senior career with Krka in the 2000–01 season. He arrived at the club via attending a club-organized summer junior camp where Krka wanted to identify and potentially sign new young players. Though having another year left as a junior at KK Partizan, the 17-year-old was not keen on playing at the lower-league club KK Torlak, which the Partizan management signed a deal with regarding loaning out its juniors to. Instead, Ćapin decided to attend Krka's camp in Slovenia where he was offered a contract. Registered both with Krka's junior team and full squad, 18-year-old Ćapin mostly spent the season playing the Slovenian third-tier league with the club's juniors while also getting occasional minutes with the full squad under head coach Aleš Pipan that played the Slovenian League and FIBA SuproLeague though Ćapin was ineligible for the domestic league due to administrative issues. In his debut season as a professional, Ćapin saw some playing time in SuproLeague as the third option at the point-guard position behind Simon Petrov and Dražen Anzulović on a squad that also featured shooting guard / small forward Saša Dončić, center Bennett Davison, veteran center Franjo Arapović, and power forward Dragiša Drobnjak.
After three years in Slovenia, Ćapin played for the German team Telekom Bonn in the 2003–04 season. Between 2004 and 2008, Ćapin played for Gravelines-Dunkerque in France, for Panellinios and Panionios in Greece, and for Viola Reggio Calabria and Cimberio Varese in Italy.
In the summer of 2008, Ćapin signed a one-year contract with Azovmash from Ukraine. However, he got injured during a preseason game in September 2008, and he was released from the club without making a competitive debut. In February 2009, he signed for the Russian team Lokomotiv Rostov, and he also stayed with the club after their relocating to Krasnodar.
After spending a year in Russia, Ćapin moved to Lithuania and signed with Žalgiris in January 2010. Ćapin returned to Slovenia in the 2011–12 season and played for Union Olimpija. In December 2011, Ćapin moved to Turkey and joined Türk Telekom.
On October 10, 2012, Ćapin signed for the Serbian team Radnički Kragujevac. He showed great performances during the season and helped the team to reach the Adriatic League Final four. Ćapin also led the league in scoring and assists, and he earned the Adriatic League MVP award.
On August 9, 2013, Ćapin signed with Budućnost Podgorica. On December 10, 2014, he parted ways with Budućnost. Nine days later, he signed with Juvecaserta Basket of Italy. On March 5, 2015, he left Caserta and signed with the Macedonian club MZT Skopje for the rest of the season.
On August 12, 2015, he signed a one-year deal with Igokea. He debuted for the team in 67–56 loss to Cedevita in Round 1 of the ABA League; he led his team with 15 points, 5 assists and 2 rebounds. On January 5, 2016, he parted ways with Igokea. On February 5, 2016, he signed with Koroivos for the rest of the 2015–16 Greek Basket League season.
On January 13, 2017, he signed with Slovenian club Primorska for the rest of the season.
On August 15, 2017, he signed with Serbian club Dynamic Belgrade. On December 30, 2017, he parted ways with Dynamic.
National team career
Ćapin played with the senior Slovenian national team at the 2005 EuroBasket and the 2007 EuroBasket.
Career statistics
Legend
GP
Games played
GS
Games started
MPG
Minutes per game
FG%
Field-goal percentage
3P%
3-point field-goal percentage
FT%
Free-throw percentage
RPG
Rebounds per game
APG
Assists per game
SPG
Steals per game
BPG
Blocks per game
PPG
Points per game
PIR
Performance Index Rating
Bold
Career high
EuroLeague
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG
PIR
2001–02
Krka
12
1
9.3
.500
.111
.500
0.5
0.8
0.3
0.0
1.9
1.2
2009–10
Žalgiris
7
0
18.9
.283
.240
.692
3.3
2.4
0.6
0.0
6.4
4.0
2010–11
Žalgiris
5
1
8.6
.545
.500
.1000
1.8
1.2
0.2
0.0
3.4
5.4
2011–12
Union Olimpija
8
7
23.0
.360
.321
.857
1.0
2.9
0.8
0.0
7.1
7.6
Career
32
9
14.7
.365
.266
.771
1.4
1.7
0.4
0.0
4.4
13.1
References
^ a b c d Vuković, Milan (13 March 2013). "Aleksandar Ćapin, košarkaš - Magelan ponovo na Tašu". Mozzart sport. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
^ Azovmash adds Salyers, Capin, Serapinas
^ Capin officially in Rostov
^ "Zalgiris inks Aleksandar Capin long-term".
^ "Union Olimpija adds Capin at guard".
^ "Aleksandar Capin inks with Turk Telekom Ankara".
^ "Radnicki signs Aleksandar Capin".
^ "Ćapin MVP, prvi strelac i asistent".
^ "BUDUCNOST VOLI tabs playmaker Capin". Archived from the original on August 13, 2013.
^ Buducnost parted ways with Aleksandar Capin
^ Pasta Reggia Caserta announces Aleksandar Capin and Bozhidar Avramov
^ Aleksandar Ćapin signed with MZT Archived 2015-03-09 at archive.today
^ Ćapin and Kesar newcomers in Igokea Archived 2015-08-14 at the Wayback Machine
^ "ABA: Cedevita sigurna protiv Igokee". b92.net (in Serbian). 2 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
^ "Ćapin i Radenović više nisu igrači Igokee". mozzartsport.com (in Serbian). January 5, 2016. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
^ A1Basket.gr Korivos Amaliadas signed Aleksandar Ćapin
^ Primorska inks Aleksandar Capin
^ "Aleksandar Ćapin u KK Dinamik" (in Serbian). mondo.rs. 15 August 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
^ "Dynamic VIP PAY parted ways with four players". druga.aba-liga.com. 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
External links
Aleksandar Ćapin at aba-liga.com
Aleksandar Ćapin at euroleague.net
Aleksandar Ćapin at fiba.com
Aleksandar Ćapin Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine at legabasket.it
Aleksandar Ćapin at tblstat.net
Aleksandar Ćapin at eurobasket.com
Links to related articles
vteBBL Best Young German PlayerRookie of the Year
2002: Goree
2003: Szewczyk
2004: Ćapin
2005: Archibong
2006: Gavel
2007: Simon
2008: Schwethelm
2009: Günther
2010: Pleiß
Best German Young Player
2011: Pleiß
2012: Zirbes
2013: Schröder
2014: Theis
2015: Voigtmann
2016: Zipser
2017: Akpinar
2018: Obst
2019: Wagner
2020
2021 Hollatz
2022 Hollatz
2023 Delow
2024 Grünloh
vteABA League season assists leaders
2002: Aleksić
2003: Tomas
2004: Rakočević
2005: Ukić
2006: Jeretin
2007: Rašić
2008: Cook
2009: Stipčević
2010: Kojadinović
2011: Pavković
2012: Marković
2013: Ćapin
2014: Blassingame
2015: Miljenović
2016: Cook
2017: Reynolds
2018: Čović
2019: Rebec
2020: not awarded
2021: Čović
2022: Jones
vteABA League Top Scorer
2002: Baždarić
2003: Weaks
2004: Rakočević
2005: Milojević
2006: Milojević
2007: Gurović
2008: Dragićević
2009: Labović
2010: Žižić
2011: Lee
2012: Simon
2013: Ćapin
2014: Šarić
2015: Armstead
2016: Dragićević
2017: Marinković
2018: Žorić
2019: Apić
2020: not awarded
2021: Petrušev
2022: Shorter
2023: Hale
2024: Božić
vteABA League MVP Award
2002: Baždarić
2003: Weaks
2004: Milojević
2005: Milojević
2006: Milojević
2007: Gurović
2008: Dragićević
2009: Tomić
2010: Mason
2011: Žorić
2012: Simon
2013: Ćapin
2014: Šarić
2015: Jokić
2016: Bilan
2017: Janković
2018: Žorić
2019: Bitadze
2020: Not awarded
2021: Petrušev
2022: Kalinić
2023: Božić
2024: Božić
|
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Instead, Ćapin decided to attend Krka's camp in Slovenia where he was offered a contract.[1] Registered both with Krka's junior team and full squad, 18-year-old Ćapin mostly spent the season playing the Slovenian third-tier league with the club's juniors while also getting occasional minutes with the full squad under head coach Aleš Pipan that played the Slovenian League and FIBA SuproLeague though Ćapin was ineligible for the domestic league due to administrative issues.[1] In his debut season as a professional, Ćapin saw some playing time in SuproLeague as the third option at the point-guard position behind Simon Petrov and Dražen Anzulović on a squad that also featured shooting guard / small forward Saša Dončić, center Bennett Davison, veteran center Franjo Arapović, and power forward Dragiša Drobnjak.After three years in Slovenia, Ćapin played for the German team Telekom Bonn in the 2003–04 season. Between 2004 and 2008, Ćapin played for Gravelines-Dunkerque in France, for Panellinios and Panionios in Greece, and for Viola Reggio Calabria and Cimberio Varese in Italy.In the summer of 2008, Ćapin signed a one-year contract with Azovmash from Ukraine.[2] However, he got injured during a preseason game in September 2008, and he was released from the club without making a competitive debut. In February 2009, he signed for the Russian team Lokomotiv Rostov,[3] and he also stayed with the club after their relocating to Krasnodar.After spending a year in Russia, Ćapin moved to Lithuania and signed with Žalgiris in January 2010.[4] Ćapin returned to Slovenia in the 2011–12 season and played for Union Olimpija.[5] In December 2011, Ćapin moved to Turkey and joined Türk Telekom.[6]On October 10, 2012, Ćapin signed for the Serbian team Radnički Kragujevac.[7] He showed great performances during the season and helped the team to reach the Adriatic League Final four. Ćapin also led the league in scoring and assists, and he earned the Adriatic League MVP award.[8]On August 9, 2013, Ćapin signed with Budućnost Podgorica.[9] On December 10, 2014, he parted ways with Budućnost.[10] Nine days later, he signed with Juvecaserta Basket of Italy.[11] On March 5, 2015, he left Caserta and signed with the Macedonian club MZT Skopje for the rest of the season.[12]On August 12, 2015, he signed a one-year deal with Igokea.[13] He debuted for the team in 67–56 loss to Cedevita in Round 1 of the ABA League; he led his team with 15 points, 5 assists and 2 rebounds.[14] On January 5, 2016, he parted ways with Igokea.[15] On February 5, 2016, he signed with Koroivos for the rest of the 2015–16 Greek Basket League season.[16]On January 13, 2017, he signed with Slovenian club Primorska for the rest of the season.[17]On August 15, 2017, he signed with Serbian club Dynamic Belgrade.[18] On December 30, 2017, he parted ways with Dynamic.[19]","title":"Professional career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Slovenian national team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia_national_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2005 EuroBasket","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_EuroBasket"},{"link_name":"2007 EuroBasket","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_EuroBasket"}],"text":"Ćapin played with the senior Slovenian national team at the 2005 EuroBasket and the 2007 EuroBasket.","title":"National team career"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Career statistics"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"EuroLeague","title":"Career statistics"}]
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[{"reference":"Vuković, Milan (13 March 2013). \"Aleksandar Ćapin, košarkaš - Magelan ponovo na Tašu\". Mozzart sport. Retrieved 18 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ekapija.com/people/699488/aleksandar-capin-kosarkas-magelan-ponovo-na-tasu","url_text":"\"Aleksandar Ćapin, košarkaš - Magelan ponovo na Tašu\""}]},{"reference":"\"Zalgiris inks Aleksandar Capin long-term\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.euroleague.net/news/i/64974/180/zalgiris-inks-aleksandar-capin-long-term","url_text":"\"Zalgiris inks Aleksandar Capin long-term\""}]},{"reference":"\"Union Olimpija adds Capin at guard\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.euroleague.net/news/i/86906/180/union-olimpija-adds-capin-at-guard","url_text":"\"Union Olimpija adds Capin at guard\""}]},{"reference":"\"Aleksandar Capin inks with Turk Telekom Ankara\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sportando.net/eng/europe/turkey/33076/aleksandar-capin-inks-with-turk-telekom-ankara.html","url_text":"\"Aleksandar Capin inks with Turk Telekom Ankara\""}]},{"reference":"\"Radnicki signs Aleksandar Capin\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sportando.net/eng/europe/adriatic-league/44604/radnicki-signs-aleksandar-capin.html","url_text":"\"Radnicki signs Aleksandar Capin\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ćapin MVP, prvi strelac i asistent\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.b92.net/sport/kosarka/vesti.php?yyyy=2013&mm=03&dd=24&nav_id=698291","url_text":"\"Ćapin MVP, prvi strelac i asistent\""}]},{"reference":"\"BUDUCNOST VOLI tabs playmaker Capin\". Archived from the original on August 13, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130813223408/http://www.eurocupbasketball.com/eurocup/home/transactions/eurocup-2013-14/i/115339/8174/buducnost-voli-nabs-playmaker-capin","url_text":"\"BUDUCNOST VOLI tabs playmaker Capin\""},{"url":"http://www.eurocupbasketball.com/eurocup/home/transactions/eurocup-2013-14/i/115339/8174/buducnost-voli-nabs-playmaker-capin","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"ABA: Cedevita sigurna protiv Igokee\". b92.net (in Serbian). 2 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.b92.net/sport/kosarka/vesti.php?yyyy=2015&mm=10&dd=02&nav_id=1046714","url_text":"\"ABA: Cedevita sigurna protiv Igokee\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ćapin i Radenović više nisu igrači Igokee\". mozzartsport.com (in Serbian). January 5, 2016. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084646/http://www.mozzartsport.com/vesti/capin-i-radenovic-vise-nisu-igraci-igokee/124568","url_text":"\"Ćapin i Radenović više nisu igrači Igokee\""},{"url":"http://www.mozzartsport.com/vesti/capin-i-radenovic-vise-nisu-igraci-igokee/124568","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Aleksandar Ćapin u KK Dinamik\" (in Serbian). mondo.rs. 15 August 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://mondo.rs/a1032771/Sport/Kosarka/Aleksandar-Capin-u-KK-Dinamik.html","url_text":"\"Aleksandar Ćapin u KK Dinamik\""}]},{"reference":"\"Dynamic VIP PAY parted ways with four players\". druga.aba-liga.com. 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://druga.aba-liga.com/news.php?id=39515","url_text":"\"Dynamic VIP PAY parted ways with four players\""}]}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rocco
|
David Rocco
|
["1 Early life","2 Career","3 Cook books","4 Other ventures","5 References","6 External links"]
|
Canadian television producer
For the American comedian and actor, see David Della Rocco.
David RoccoBorn (1970-07-27) July 27, 1970 (age 53)Scarborough, Ontario, CanadaSpouse
Nina Rocco (m. 1995)Children3Culinary careerCooking styleItalian
Television show(s)
David Rocco's Dolce NapoliDavid Rocco's Amalfi GetawayDavid Rocco's Dolce IndiaDavid Rocco's Dolce AfricaDavid Rocco's Dolce ItaliaDavid Rocco's Dolce Southeast AsiaDavid Rocco's Dolce HomeMade
David Rocco (born July 27, 1970) is a Canadian author, cook, and host of several internationally syndicated television series. He is most known for producing and hosting the television series David Rocco's Dolce Vita, and publishing four cookbooks Avventura, David Rocco's Dolce Vita, Made in Italy, and David Rocco's Dolce Famiglia.
Early life
David Rocco was born on July 27, 1970, in Scarborough, Ontario, Canada, to Italian immigrants from Naples, Italy. His parents were both hairdressers, and he is the youngest of three children. Rocco later moved with his family to Woodbridge, Ontario as a teenager.
In 1995, he married his high school sweetheart, Nina. The couple later moved to Rosedale, Toronto, and have twin daughters and a son.
Rocco was a model as a teenager, and worked for agencies including Elite and Armstrong Men. He and Nina took acting classes together and both also studied at York University. The couple ran a restaurant, La Madonnina, in Woodbridge, but gave it up a year later to pursue acting.
Career
In 1997, without success in the feature film world, Rocco figured a food show would be better. He and his wife, on holiday in Italy, shot a video showcasing different foods, and later showed it to a Toronto production company. This led to a 26-episode TV series featuring food and travel called Avventura: Journey in Italian Cuisine.
In 2005, Rocco's self-produced TV series David Rocco's Dolce Vita premiered on Food Network Canada. It ended in 2010 after five seasons, and reached an international audience, including in the U.S. on the Cooking Channel.
Several spin-offs of the show followed including, David Rocco's Dolce Napoli (2011–17), David Rocco's Amalfi Getaway (2012), David Rocco's Dolce India (2013–14), David Rocco's Dolce Africa (2018), David Rocco's Dolce Italia (2020), David Rocco's Dolce Southeast Asia (2020), and David Rocco's Dolce HomeMade (2022).
In 2018, Rocco and Hong Kong singer Nicholas Tse co-hosted FOX Life's Celebrity Chef: East vs West.
Cook books
Rocco has published four cookbooks:
Avventura (Bay Books; January 2001)
David Rocco's Dolce Vita (HarperCollins; November 2008)
Made In Italy (Clarkson Potter, HarperCollins; October 2011)
Dolce Famiglia (HarperCollins; November 2016)
Other ventures
In 2015, Rocco launched a line of wines, a Chianti, a Prosecco and a Pinot Grigio named David Rocco's Dolce Vita.
In 2021, Rocco opened a Yorkville, Toronto restaurant called David Rocco - Bar Aperitivo. In 2022, Rocco launched his own line of Italian-made pastas (orecchiette, strozzapreti and fusilli Pugliesi) and sauces (pomodoro & basilico, arrabbiata, puttanesca and ricotta & pecorino).
References
^ a b c d e f "The Food Network's David and Nina Rocco live a picture-perfetto life at home". The Globe and Mail. May 30, 2010.
^ a b "Celebrity chef David Rocco on food, fatherhood and finding a healthy balance". The Globe and Mail. June 15, 2023.
^ "TV personality David Rocco showcases his wines in Windsor". windsorstar.com. December 7, 2015.
^ a b "David Rocco, International Celebrity Chef, Launches His Own Line of Authentic Italian-Made Pasta and Premium Sauces Across Canada and the US". newswire.ca. November 22, 2022.
External links
David Rocco's official website
David Rocco on Cooking Channel
David Rocco's Dolce Vita on Food TV Canada
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
United States
|
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|
[]
| null |
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|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horezu_Monastery
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Horezu Monastery
|
["1 See also","2 References","3 External links"]
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Coordinates: 45°10′10.16″N 24°0′24.26″E / 45.1694889°N 24.0067389°E / 45.1694889; 24.0067389Horezu MonasteryMănăstirea HorezuChurch of the Horezu MonasteryReligionAffiliationEastern OrthodoxEcclesiastical or organizational statusNunneryPatronHoly Great Sovereigns Constantine and HelenYear consecrated1693StatusActiveLocationLocationRomanii de Sus, Vâlcea County, RomaniaLocation within Vâlcea CountyGeographic coordinates45°10′10.16″N 24°0′24.26″E / 45.1694889°N 24.0067389°E / 45.1694889; 24.0067389ArchitectureStyleBrâncovenescFounderConstantin BrâncoveanuGroundbreaking1693Completed1697SpecificationsLength32 mHeight (max)14 mWebsiteOfficial websiteUNESCO World Heritage Site
UNESCO World Heritage SiteCriteriaCultural: iiReference597Inscription1993 (17th Session)
The Horezu Monastery or Hurezi Monastery was founded in 1690 by Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu in the town of Horezu, Wallachia, Romania. It is considered to be a masterpiece of "Brâncovenesc style", known for its architectural purity and balance, the richness of its sculpted detail, its treatment of religious compositions, its votive portraits, and its painted decorative works.
The Brâncovenesc style, which can be found at several other churches and monasteries in Wallachia, is the only true and original Romanian style and is called "Brancoveanu art" by the name of the ruler who, in a period of constant battles between the world powers of that time, put cultural development of the country above everything and made it the goal of his life.—
The monastery has been inscribed by UNESCO on its list of World Heritage Sites.
See also
List of World Heritage Sites in Romania
References
^ Horezu monastery - remarkable example of pure Romanian "Brancoveanu art". Welcome to Romania
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Horezu Monastery.
UNESCO World Heritage List - Horezu entry
Hurezi Monastery at Romanian-monasteries.go.ro
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Căpâlna
Costești-Blidaru
Costești-Cetățuie
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1 with Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, North Macedonia, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland and Ukraine
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This article about a Romanian Christian monastery, abbey, priory or other religious house is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Constantin Brâncoveanu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncoveanu"},{"link_name":"Horezu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horezu"},{"link_name":"Wallachia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallachia"},{"link_name":"Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania"},{"link_name":"Brâncovenesc style","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A2ncovenesc_style"},{"link_name":"architectural","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"UNESCO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO"},{"link_name":"World Heritage Sites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vedere_a_manastirii_din_fata_-_panoramio.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ansamblul_bisericesc_al_Manastirii_Horezu_(UNESCO_-_2_mai_2008)_-_panoramio.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Horezu3.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2_-_panoramio_-_eug.sim.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M%C3%A2n%C4%83stirea_Hurezi_(30).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M%C3%A2n%C4%83stirea_Hurezi_(20).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M%C3%A2n%C4%83stirea_Hurezi_(43).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M%C3%A2n%C4%83stirea_Hurezi_(31).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manastirea_Horezu_by_fusion-of-horisons.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M%C3%A2n%C4%83stirea_Hurezi_(46).jpg"}],"text":"The Horezu Monastery or Hurezi Monastery was founded in 1690 by Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu in the town of Horezu, Wallachia, Romania. It is considered to be a masterpiece of \"Brâncovenesc style\", known for its architectural purity and balance, the richness of its sculpted detail, its treatment of religious compositions, its votive portraits, and its painted decorative works.The Brâncovenesc style, which can be found at several other churches and monasteries in Wallachia, is the only true and original Romanian style and is called \"Brancoveanu art\" by the name of the ruler who, in a period of constant battles between the world powers of that time, put cultural development of the country above everything and made it the goal of his life.— [1]The monastery has been inscribed by UNESCO on its list of World Heritage Sites.","title":"Horezu Monastery"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"List of World Heritage Sites in Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Romania"}]
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[]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Horezu_Monastery¶ms=45_10_10.16_N_24_0_24.26_E_type:landmark","external_links_name":"45°10′10.16″N 24°0′24.26″E / 45.1694889°N 24.0067389°E / 45.1694889; 24.0067389"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Horezu_Monastery¶ms=45_10_10.16_N_24_0_24.26_E_type:landmark","external_links_name":"45°10′10.16″N 24°0′24.26″E / 45.1694889°N 24.0067389°E / 45.1694889; 24.0067389"},{"Link":"http://www.orasul-horezu.ro/home","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/597","external_links_name":"597"},{"Link":"http://www.welcome2romania.ro/en/unique-attractions/horezu-monastery.htm","external_links_name":"Horezu monastery - remarkable example of pure Romanian \"Brancoveanu art\". Welcome to Romania"},{"Link":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/597","external_links_name":"UNESCO World Heritage List"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070520070015/http://www.romanian-monasteries.go.ro/valcea/hurezi.htm","external_links_name":"Hurezi Monastery at Romanian-monasteries.go.ro"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/126947916","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4935608","external_links_name":"Spain"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16925554g","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16925554g","external_links_name":"BnF data"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no90007458","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/66471","external_links_name":"Vatican"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horezu_Monastery&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horezu_Monastery&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium
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Chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium
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["1 Preparation","2 Reactions","3 Applications","4 References"]
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CpRuCl(PPh3)2
Identifiers
CAS Number
32993-05-8 Y
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChemSpider
34560989 N
ECHA InfoCard
100.154.457
PubChem CID
78076231
InChI
InChI=1S/2C18H15P.C5H5.ClH.Ru/c2*1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(17-12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18;1-2-4-5-3-1;;/h2*1-15H;1-3H,4H2;1H;/q;;-1;;+2/p-1 NKey: WGQMSPWAXIDKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M NInChI=1/2C18H15P.C5H5.ClH.Ru/c2*1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(17-12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18;1-2-4-5-3-1;;/h2*1-15H;1-3H,4H2;1H;/q;;-1;;+2/p-1Key: WGQMSPWAXIDKEY-REWHXWOFAY
SMILES
c1ccc(cc1)P(c2ccccc2)c3ccccc3.c1ccc(cc1)P(c2ccccc2)c3ccccc3.c1ccc1..
Properties
Chemical formula
C41H35ClP2Ru
Molar mass
726.19 g/mol
Appearance
Orange solid
Melting point
135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)
Solubility in water
Insoluble
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word
Warning
Hazard statements
H302, H312, H315, H319, H332, H335
Precautionary statements
P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references
Chemical compound
Chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium is the organoruthenium half-sandwich compound with formula RuCl(PPh3)2(C5H5). It as an air-stable orange crystalline solid that is used in a variety of organometallic synthetic and catalytic transformations. The compound has idealized Cs symmetry. It is soluble in chloroform, dichloromethane, and acetone.
Preparation
Chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium was first reported in 1969 when it was prepared by reacting dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) with cyclopentadiene.
RuCl2(PPh3)3 + C5H6 → RuCl(PPh3)3(C5H5) + HCl
It is prepared by heating a mixture of ruthenium(III) chloride, triphenylphosphine, and cyclopentadiene in ethanol.
Reactions
Chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) undergoes a variety of reactions often by involving substitution of the chloride. With phenylacetylene it gives the phenyl vinylidene complex:
(C5H5)(PPh3)2RuCl + HC2Ph + NH4 → + NH4Cl
Displacement of one PPh3 by carbon monoxide affords a chiral compound.
(C5H5)(PPh3)2RuCl + CO → (C5H5)(PPh3)(CO)RuCl + PPh3
The compound can also be converted into the hydride:
(C5H5)(PPh3)2RuCl + NaOMe → (C5H5)(PPh3)2RuH + NaCl + CH2O
A related complex is tris(acetonitrile)cyclopentadienylruthenium hexafluorophosphate, which has three labile MeCN ligands.
Applications
Chloro(cyclopentadienyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) serves as a catalyst for a variety of specialized reactions. For example, in the presence of NH4PF6 it catalyzes the isomerisation of allylic alcohols to the corresponding saturated carbonyls.
References
^ Gilbert JD, Wilkinson, G (1969). "New Complexes of Ruthenium(II) with Triphenylphosphine and other Ligands". J. Chem. Soc.: 1749. doi:10.1039/J19690001749.
^ Bruce, M. I.; Hamiester, C., Swincer, A. G., Wallis, R. C. "Some η5-Cyclopentadienylruthenium(II) Complexes Containing Triphenylphosphine" Inorganic Syntheses 1982, volume 21, pp 78-82. doi:10.1002/9780470132524
^ Blackmore T, Bruce MI, Stone, F. G. A. (1971). "Some New η-Cyclopentadienyltuthenium Complexes". J. Chem. Soc. A: 2376–2382. doi:10.1039/J19710002376.
^ Wilczewski, T.; Bochenska, M. & Biernat, J. (1981). "Cyclobentadienyl-Ruthenium Complexes". J. Organomet. Chem. 215: 87–96. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)84619-7.
^ Murahashi, Shun-Ichi. "Ruthenium in Organic Synthesis" (2006) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. ISBN 978-3-527-30692-3
vteRuthenium compoundsRu(0)
Ru(CO)5
Ru3(CO)12
Ru(P(C6H5)3)3(CO)2
Ru(I)
(C5(C6H5)4O)2H(Ru(CO)2)2H
Ru(II)
RuCl2
RuB2
Na4Ru(N2C12H6(C6H4SO3)2)3
(Ru((NC5H4)2)3)Cl2
Ru(P(C6H5)3)3Cl2
Ru(SO(CH3)2)4Cl2
(RuCl2C6H4CH3CH(CH3)2)2
RuClC5H5(P(C6H5)3)2
C43H72Cl2P2Ru
(C5H5)2Ru
Ru(II,III)
Cl
Ru(III)
Ru(CH3COO)3
Ru(O2C5H7)3
RuF3
RuCl3
RuBr3
RuI3
Ru(NO3)3
Ru(IV)
RuO2
SrRuO3
Sr2RuO4
Li2RuO3
BaRuO3
RuCl4
RuF4
Ru(V)
RuF5
Ru(VI)
RuF6
Ru(VII)
N(C3H7)4RuO4
Ru(VIII)
RuO4
vteSalts and covalent derivatives of the Cyclopentadienide ion
CpH
He
LiCp
Be
B
CpMe
N
C5H4O
F
Ne
NaCp
MgCp2
MgCpBr
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
CaCp2
ScCp3
TiCp2Cl2
(TiCp2Cl)2
TiCpCl3
TiCp2S5
TiCp2(CO)2
TiCp2Me2
VCp2
VCpCh
VCp2Cl2
VCp(CO)4
CrCp2
(CrCp(CO)3)2
MnCp2
FeCp2
Fe(η5-C5H4Li)2
((C5H5)Fe(C5H4))2
(C5H4-C5H4)2Fe2
FeCp2PF6
FeCp(CO)2I
CoCp2
CoCp(CO)2
NiCp2
NiCpNO
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y(C5H5)3
ZrCp2Cl2
ZrCp2ClH
NbCp2Cl2
MoCp2H2
MoCp2Cl2
(MoCp(CO)3)2
Tc
RuCp2
RuCp(PPh3)2Cl
RuCp(MeCN)3PF6
RhCp2
PdCp(C3H5)
Ag
Cd
InCp
SnCp2
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
*
LuCp3
HfCp2Cl2
Ta
(WCp(CO)3)2
ReCp2H
OsCp2
IrCp2
Pt
Au
Hg
TlCp
PbCp2
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
**
Lr
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
HsCp2
Mt
Ds
Rg
Cn
Nh
Fl
Mc
Lv
Ts
Og
*
LaCp3
CeCp3
PrCp3
NdCp3
PmCp3
SmCp3
Eu
Gd
Tb
DyCp3
Ho
ErCp3
TmCp3
YbCp3
**
Ac
ThCp3ThCp4
Pa
UCp4
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmytro_Dedko
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Dmytro Dedko
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["1 Dmytro, son of Yuriy","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
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Illustration ("History of cities and villages of Soviet Ukraine". Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia, 1978)
Dmytro Dedko (Demetrius Dedko, Ukrainian: Дмитро Дедько) was a Lord of Ruthenia in 1340 (1323) – 1349. Commonly thought to be a Galician boyar, he could be one of sons of Yuriy I and Varvara (Barbara). Dmytro is possibly the progenitor of Ostrozky family.
Dmytro is mentioned in number of scientific works on history of that period such as "History of Ukraine-Ruthenia" by Mykhailo Hrushevsky, "Die polnische Geschichtschreibung des Mittelalters" by Heinrich Ritter von Zeissberg and others. The Russian historian Alexander Presnyakov argues Hrushevsky's claims that Dmytro was representative of Liubart in Galicia, rather in his declarations Dmytro states that Galician princes are his ancestors.
Among the most solid historical benchmarks signed by Dmytro in 1341 is a document "Letter to residents of Torun" that survived to our days where he calls to revive economical and social relationships between the city of Toruń and Halychyna.
During the Polish-Hungarian aggression against the Kingdom of Ruthenia, Dmytro successfully defended governed territory with support of his brother-in-law Liubartas.
With the death of Dmytro and agreement with the Khan of Golden Horde Janibeg, Casimir III occupied Halychyna in 1349. In return for the Halychyna occupation, Poland promised a tribute to Golden Horde.
Dmytro, son of Yuriy
Ukrainian writer Volodymyr Bilinsky argues that Dmytro Dedko is not a "Galician boyar", but rather a true Lord of Ruthenia and a son of Yuriy I of Galicia. Bilinsky also claims that Dmytro is a father of Danylo Ostrozky.
The writer also says that in the Kingdom of Ruthenia there was a diarchy where one ruler governed in Volhynia, while another governed in Halychyna. Bilinsky states that Dmytro governed Halychyna not since 1340, but rather 1323 after the death of both Andriy and Yuriy II and along with Yuriy-Boleslav Troidenovych (Bolesław Jerzy II of Mazovia).
See also
Ostrozky family
References
^ Presnyakov, A. Lithuanian-Russian State in 13th-16th centuries. ISBN 9789852002240
External links
Dedko, Dmytro in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
(in Ukrainian) Handbook on history of Ukraine Archived 2009-04-10 at the Wayback Machine
(in Ukrainian) Dmytro Dedko
(in Ukrainian) Letter of Dmytro Dedko to residents of Torun
Bilinsky, V. Ukraine-Ruthenia. Book I: Ancestral land. "Olena Teliha publishing". Kyiv 2013
Dmytro Dedko RomanovichiBorn: c. ???? Died: c. 1349
Regnal titles
Preceded byYuriy II
Lord of Ruthenia 1340–1349
Succeeded byadopted by Piast dynasty
This Ukrainian history–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This biography of a member of a European royal house is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ukrainian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_language"},{"link_name":"Lord of Ruthenia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Ruthenia"},{"link_name":"Galician","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_(Eastern_Europe)"},{"link_name":"boyar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyar"},{"link_name":"Yuriy I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_I_of_Galicia"},{"link_name":"Ostrozky family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrogski_family"},{"link_name":"Mykhailo Hrushevsky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykhailo_Hrushevsky"},{"link_name":"Heinrich Ritter von Zeissberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Ritter_von_Zeissberg"},{"link_name":"Alexander Presnyakov","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Presnyakov"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Toruń","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toru%C5%84"},{"link_name":"Halychyna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halychyna"},{"link_name":"Polish-Hungarian aggression","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia_Wars"},{"link_name":"Liubartas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liubartas"},{"link_name":"Golden Horde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Horde"},{"link_name":"Janibeg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janibeg"},{"link_name":"Casimir III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_III_of_Poland"},{"link_name":"Golden Horde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Horde"}],"text":"Dmytro Dedko (Demetrius Dedko, Ukrainian: Дмитро Дедько) was a Lord of Ruthenia in 1340 (1323) – 1349. Commonly thought to be a Galician boyar, he could be one of sons of Yuriy I and Varvara (Barbara). Dmytro is possibly the progenitor of Ostrozky family.Dmytro is mentioned in number of scientific works on history of that period such as \"History of Ukraine-Ruthenia\" by Mykhailo Hrushevsky, \"Die polnische Geschichtschreibung des Mittelalters\" by Heinrich Ritter von Zeissberg and others. The Russian historian Alexander Presnyakov argues Hrushevsky's claims that Dmytro was representative of Liubart in Galicia, rather in his declarations Dmytro states that Galician princes are his ancestors.[1]Among the most solid historical benchmarks signed by Dmytro in 1341 is a document \"Letter to residents of Torun\" that survived to our days where he calls to revive economical and social relationships between the city of Toruń and Halychyna.During the Polish-Hungarian aggression against the Kingdom of Ruthenia, Dmytro successfully defended governed territory with support of his brother-in-law Liubartas.With the death of Dmytro and agreement with the Khan of Golden Horde Janibeg, Casimir III occupied Halychyna in 1349. In return for the Halychyna occupation, Poland promised a tribute to Golden Horde.","title":"Dmytro Dedko"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Yuriy I of Galicia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_I_of_Galicia"},{"link_name":"Danylo Ostrozky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danylo_Ostrozky"},{"link_name":"diarchy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarchy"},{"link_name":"Volhynia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volhynia"},{"link_name":"Halychyna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halychyna"},{"link_name":"Bolesław Jerzy II of Mazovia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_II_Boleslav"}],"text":"Ukrainian writer Volodymyr Bilinsky argues that Dmytro Dedko is not a \"Galician boyar\", but rather a true Lord of Ruthenia and a son of Yuriy I of Galicia. Bilinsky also claims that Dmytro is a father of Danylo Ostrozky.The writer also says that in the Kingdom of Ruthenia there was a diarchy where one ruler governed in Volhynia, while another governed in Halychyna. Bilinsky states that Dmytro governed Halychyna not since 1340, but rather 1323 after the death of both Andriy and Yuriy II and along with Yuriy-Boleslav Troidenovych (Bolesław Jerzy II of Mazovia).","title":"Dmytro, son of Yuriy"}]
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[{"image_text":"Illustration (\"History of cities and villages of Soviet Ukraine\". Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia, 1978)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Detko_cr.jpg/220px-Detko_cr.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"Ostrozky family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrogski_family"}]
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[]
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[{"Link":"http://www.e-reading.me/chapter.php/1032433/23/Presnyakov_-_Litovsko-Russkoe_gosudarstvo_v_XIII-XVI_vv..html","external_links_name":"Lithuanian-Russian State in 13th-16th centuries"},{"Link":"http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CE%5CDedkoDmytro.htm","external_links_name":"Dedko, Dmytro in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine"},{"Link":"http://history.franko.lviv.ua/dovidnyk.htm","external_links_name":"Handbook on history of Ukraine"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090410032820/http://history.franko.lviv.ua/dovidnyk.htm","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.history.vn.ua/book/great/325.html","external_links_name":"Dmytro Dedko"},{"Link":"http://www.litopys.com.ua/encyclopedia/ki-vshchina-bukovina-volin-galichina-zakarpattya-/galichina-v-1341-r/","external_links_name":"Letter of Dmytro Dedko to residents of Torun"},{"Link":"http://www.e-reading.me/chapter.php/1023209/7/Bilinskiy_-_Ukraina-Rus._Kniga_persha.html","external_links_name":"Ukraine-Ruthenia. Book I: Ancestral land"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmytro_Dedko&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmytro_Dedko&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_189
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Arkansas Highway 189
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["1 Route description","1.1 Section 1","1.2 Section 2","1.3 Section 3","1.4 Section 4","2 Major intersections","3 References","4 External links"]
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State highway designation in Arkansas, United States
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Arkansas Highway 189" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Highway 189Route informationMaintained by ArDOTSection 1Length0.9 mi (1,400 m)West end CR 19 in HamburgEast end US 82 / US 425 in HamburgSection 2Length9.9 mi (15.9 km)South end US 82 / US 425 / AR 8 in HamburgNorth end AR 133 near MiloSection 3Length3.8 mi (6.1 km)South end US 278 in WarrenNorth end US 63 / US 63B near WarrenSection 4Length23.8 mi (38.3 km)South end AR 8 near OrlandoNorth endPump Station Road
LocationCountryUnited StatesStateArkansasCountiesAshley, Bradley, Cleveland
Highway system
Arkansas Highway System
Interstate
US
State
Business
Spurs
Suffixed
Scenic
Heritage
← AR 188→ AR 190
Arkansas Highway 189 (AR 189, Ark. 189, and Hwy. 189) is the designation for a state highway in the U.S. state of Arkansas. The route is split into four sections, all of which are located in southeast Arkansas. The first section is a very short highway that begins at US Highway 425 (US 425) in Hamburg and travels to the Ashley County Fairgrounds just south of Hamburg. The second section begins at US 425, US 82 and AR 8 in Hamburg and ends at AR 133 near the unincorporated community of Milo, or about six miles (9.7 km) southwest of Fountain Hill. The third section begins at US 278 in Warren and ends at US 63 in Warren. The fourth and longest section begins at AR 8 near the unincorporated community of Orlando, or about five miles (8.0 km) northwest of Warren and ends at Pump Station Road in rural Cleveland County.
Route description
Section 1
The first section of AR 189 begins at US 425 in Hamburg, and runs from east to west, rather than north to south. The route heads directly towards the west before reaching its western terminus at the Ashley County Fairgrounds just south of Hamburg. The route is very short, only about 0.9 miles (1.4 km) long.
Section 2
The second section of AR 189 begins at US 425, US 82, and AR 8 in Hamburg. The route heads west and eventually towards the northwest before reaching its northern terminus at AR 133 near Milo. The route is about 9.9 miles (15.9 km) and does not intersect any other highways or communities.
Section 3
The third section of AR 189 begins at US 278 in Warren. The route heads towards the northwest for about 3.8 miles (6.1 km) before reaching its northern terminus at US 63 just north of Warren. The route is a bypass around the city of Warren and does not intersect any other highways or communities.
Section 4
The fourth and longest section of AR 189 begins at AR 8 near Orlando. The route travels north for about 18 miles (29 km) before running concurrently with AR 97 for about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) through the town of Kingsland. The route intersects US 79 shortly after and continues to head northwest before reaching its northern terminus at Pump Station Road in rural Cleveland County. The route is about 23.8 miles (38.3 km) long.
Major intersections
CountyLocationmikmDestinationsNotes
AshleyHamburg0.00.0 US 425 / US 82 – Hamburg, Crossett, MonticelloEastern terminus
0.91.4 CR 19, Ashley County FairgroundsNorthern terminus
Gap in route
AshleyHamburg0.00.0 US 425 / US 82 / AR 8 – Hamburg, Lake VillageSouthern terminus
Milo9.915.9 AR 133 – Crossett, Fountain Hill
Gap in route
BradleyWarren0.00.0 US 278 – Warren, Monticello, HamptonSouthern terminus
3.86.1 US 63 / US 63B south (Myrtle Street) – Pine Bluff, El DoradoNorthern terminus, US 63B northern terminus
Gap in route
BradleyOrlando0.00.0 AR 8 – Warren, FordyceSouthern terminus
ClevelandKingsland18.029.0 AR 97 south – Marks' Mills State ParkSouth end of AR 97 concurrency
18.529.8 AR 97 – KingslandNorth end of AR 97 concurrency
19.230.9 US 79 – Fordyce, Rison, Pine Bluff
23.838.3Pump Station RoadNorthern terminus
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
References
^ a b Planning and Research Division (n.d.). General Highway Map: Ashley County (PDF) (Map). 1:62,500. Little Rock: Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department.
^ a b Planning and Research Division (n.d.). General Highway Map: Bradley County (PDF) (Map). 1:62,500. Little Rock: Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department.
^ Planning and Research Division (n.d.). General Highway Map: Cleveland County (PDF) (Map). 1:62,500. Little Rock: Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department.
External links
KML file (edit • help)
Template:Attached KML/Arkansas Highway 189KML is not from Wikidata
Media related to Arkansas Highway 189 at Wikimedia Commons
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The route is split into four sections, all of which are located in southeast Arkansas. The first section is a very short highway that begins at US Highway 425 (US 425) in Hamburg and travels to the Ashley County Fairgrounds just south of Hamburg. The second section begins at US 425, US 82 and AR 8 in Hamburg and ends at AR 133 near the unincorporated community of Milo, or about six miles (9.7 km) southwest of Fountain Hill. The third section begins at US 278 in Warren and ends at US 63 in Warren. The fourth and longest section begins at AR 8 near the unincorporated community of Orlando, or about five miles (8.0 km) northwest of Warren and ends at Pump Station Road in rural Cleveland County.","title":"Arkansas Highway 189"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Route description"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"US 425","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_425"},{"link_name":"Hamburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg,_Arkansas"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ashley_county-1"}],"sub_title":"Section 1","text":"The first section of AR 189 begins at US 425 in Hamburg, and runs from east to west, rather than north to south. The route heads directly towards the west before reaching its western terminus at the Ashley County Fairgrounds just south of Hamburg. The route is very short, only about 0.9 miles (1.4 km) long.[1]","title":"Route description"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"US 82","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_82_in_Arkansas"},{"link_name":"AR 8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_8"},{"link_name":"AR 133","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_133"},{"link_name":"Milo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milo,_Arkansas&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ashley_county-1"}],"sub_title":"Section 2","text":"The second section of AR 189 begins at US 425, US 82, and AR 8 in Hamburg. The route heads west and eventually towards the northwest before reaching its northern terminus at AR 133 near Milo. The route is about 9.9 miles (15.9 km) and does not intersect any other highways or communities.[1]","title":"Route description"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"US 278","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_278_in_Arkansas"},{"link_name":"Warren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren,_Arkansas"},{"link_name":"US 63","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_63_in_Arkansas"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bradley_county-2"}],"sub_title":"Section 3","text":"The third section of AR 189 begins at US 278 in Warren. The route heads towards the northwest for about 3.8 miles (6.1 km) before reaching its northern terminus at US 63 just north of Warren. The route is a bypass around the city of Warren and does not intersect any other highways or communities.[2]","title":"Route description"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Orlando","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orlando,_Arkansas&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"running concurrently","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_(road)"},{"link_name":"AR 97","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_97"},{"link_name":"Kingsland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingsland,_Arkansas"},{"link_name":"US 79","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_79_in_Arkansas"},{"link_name":"Cleveland County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_County,_Arkansas"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bradley_county-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cleveland_county-3"}],"sub_title":"Section 4","text":"The fourth and longest section of AR 189 begins at AR 8 near Orlando. The route travels north for about 18 miles (29 km) before running concurrently with AR 97 for about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) through the town of Kingsland. The route intersects US 79 shortly after and continues to head northwest before reaching its northern terminus at Pump Station Road in rural Cleveland County. The route is about 23.8 miles (38.3 km) long.[2][3]","title":"Route description"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Major intersections"}]
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[{"reference":"Planning and Research Division (n.d.). General Highway Map: Ashley County (PDF) (Map). 1:62,500. Little Rock: Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.arkansashighways.com/maps/Counties/County%20PDFs/AshleyCounty.pdf","url_text":"General Highway Map: Ashley County"}]},{"reference":"Planning and Research Division (n.d.). General Highway Map: Bradley County (PDF) (Map). 1:62,500. Little Rock: Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.arkansashighways.com/maps/Counties/County%20PDFs/BradleyCounty.pdf","url_text":"General Highway Map: Bradley County"}]},{"reference":"Planning and Research Division (n.d.). General Highway Map: Cleveland County (PDF) (Map). 1:62,500. Little Rock: Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.arkansashighways.com/maps/Counties/County%20PDFs/ClevelandCounty.pdf","url_text":"General Highway Map: Cleveland County"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Counterfeit_Presentment
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A Counterfeit Presentment
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["1 Synopsis","1.1 Act One: An Extraordinary Resemblance","1.2 Act Two: Distinctions and Differences","1.3 Act Three: Not at All Alike","2 Characters","3 Major themes","3.1 Anorexia","3.2 Marriage","3.3 Father-daughter relationships","4 Production and critical reception","4.1 Adapted to stage","5 About the author","6 References","7 External links","8 Sources"]
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1877 play by William Dean Howells
A Counterfeit Presentment A Counterfeit Presentment (first edition)AuthorWilliam Dean HowellsLanguageEnglishGenreRealismPublisherJames R. Osgood and CompanyPublication date1877Publication placeUnited StatesMedia typePrintPages155ISBN9781110654727
A Counterfeit Presentment is a play written by American author and playwright William Dean Howells in 1877. The play is a comedy in the genre of literary realism and tells the story of a chance encounter between a young woman, Constance, and a man whom she mistakes for her ex lover, Bartlett. However, Bartlett is not completely aware of Constance's neurotic behavior until he gets to know her a bit more. Her true personality is only truly expressed after she forces Bartlett to stay with her in the hotel so she can pretend he is her former beau. Howells uses comedy to reveal the deeper issue of the plight of unmarried middle and upper-class women in the 19th century.
Synopsis
Act One: An Extraordinary Resemblance
Set at the Ponkwasset Hotel in Boston, the first act begins with Bartlett and his friend Cummings having a conversation about Bartlett's love life. Bartlett is depressed and has turned into a misanthrope because a girl he went on a date with was not interested in him anymore. As Bartlett is cursing all women and voicing his anger toward the entire female race, Cummings tries to cheer his friend up. He tells him the story of a girl who is still miserable about a break up that happened two years ago in hopes to prove to Bartlett that women do, indeed, have hearts. While they are speaking, General Wyatt, barges in yelling and cursing at Bartlett, ordering him to leave the hotel immediately. Then, when Constance and her mother enter the room, Constance faints at first sight of Bartlett. However, as General Wyatt approaches Bartlett he realizes that he has made the terrible mistake of yelling at a man he has never met before. Nevertheless, Bartlett is very upset and disturbed at the entire situation and storms out of the hotel. Cummings stays to speak with General Wyatt and realizes the general is terribly sorry for his earlier behavior. Once they are alone, General Wyatt tells Cummings the reason why he acted the way he did. Two years ago, Mrs. Wyatt brought Constance to Paris and Constance fell in love with an American man. However, when General Wyatt met the man he was very skeptical about him and soon found out that he was actually married. As a result of this unfortunate discovery, General Wyatt forced this man to end all relations with Constance, leaving her absolutely miserable and harboring a great deal of resentment towards her father, which has lasted for the past two years. Ironically, this was the same exact story that Cummings was telling Bartlett about just a few minutes ago. Although General Wyatt initially insisted that Bartlett leave the hotel premises to protect Constance, when Bartlett returns the general begs him to stay at Constance's request. Despite some initial skepticism, Bartlett agrees to stay.
Act Two: Distinctions and Differences
The second act of the play opens with Constance and Mrs. Wyatt having a private conversation in their room. Constance is an extremely dramatic young woman—she loves to cause a scene and is constantly seeking the undivided attention of all those around her. Like many other women in the late 19th century, she is primarily focused on getting married and starting a family. Before her relationship fell apart, Constance believed that the man she met in Paris was to be her husband and she had finished the race to matrimony. However, Constance still has not come to terms with the fact that her relationship with that man is over forever. She enjoys to pity herself in front of others and frequently tells her mother that she feels as though she is an evil vampire that repulses all men. Not being able to fathom listening to Constance's trivial problems anymore, Mrs. Wyatt shifts the conversation to the rift in Constance's relationship with her father. Ever since her father compelled her lover to end their relationship, Constance has blamed him for her misery and solitude. General Wyatt and Constance used to have a good relationship but now they are very distant to each other and Constance is extremely vocal about the resentment she feels towards her father. Mrs. Wyatt chastises Constance for her poor attitude towards the general, "How can you treat your father so coldly? Give me the pain if you must torment somebody. But spare your father, -- spare the heart that loves you so tenderly, you unhappy girl". She explains to her that General Wyatt did what was necessary to protect Constance and she should have a little more self-respect to not be so miserable, as well as more respect for her father, her ultimate protector. When Constance is finally alone, she invites Bartlett into her room to observe and question him in an attempt to find any similarities, besides looks, between Bartlett and her former lover. At first Bartlett does not realize Constance's intentions but once he does, he angrily storms out of the room. Bartlett and General Wyatt decide to go on a walk to the docks and Mrs. Wyatt comes back into Constance's room. Almost immediately after Mrs. Wyatt is with Constance, they see four men carrying someone up the hill through the window. True to form, Constance causes a huge, emotional scene. She springs up, exclaiming that her father is dead: “Oh, yes, yes! It’s papa! It’s my dear, good, kind papa! He’s dead; he’s drowned; I drove him away; I murdered him!” It's almost uncertain whether she was happy or sad at the possibility of her father being dead. Bartlett, witnessing this absolute hysteria, is very puzzled by such dramatic and preposterous actions by a seemingly proper young woman and questions his decision to stay at the hotel.
Act Three: Not at All Alike
The third and shortest act in the play is set six weeks later. Cummings returns to the hotel and to his surprise Bartlett has been staying with the Wyatts for the past six weeks. Bartlett, as usual, begins talking about his emotions with Cummings and admits to falling in love with Constance. However, aside from his love for Constance, Bartlett is secretly very offended by Constance's actions towards him—he has slowly become aware of the fact that the only reason she enjoys his company is because his features remind her of her former lover. Seeing that Bartlett is truly at a loss, Cummings advises his emotional friend to speak to Constance and profess his true feelings to her. When Bartlett sits down to speak to Constance and finally tells her that he has deep feelings for her, Constance immediately rejects him, putting on her usual melodramatic, self-pitying performance: “When he left me I seemed to die. Now I am some wretched ghost clinging for all existence to the thought of my lost unhappiness…I might have loved you – if I had – lived”. Annoyed with Constance's obsessive behavior, Bartlett confronts her of only befriending him as a way to pretend she was still with her former lover, which immediately sent Constance in a bitter, tearful rage. General and Mrs. Wyatt run into the parlor room as soon as they hear Constance's cries. At the sight of his distressed daughter, General Wyatt realizes that he must disclose a secret he has kept from her for the past two years. He shows Constance a note that her former beau wrote to General Wyatt, stating that he had no problem with promptly ending all relations with Constance. Reading this note and realizing that her former lover never truly loved her somehow immediately relieves Constance of all the woes that have been plaguing her for the past two years. Immediately all of her issues with her self-image, her father and her mother disappear. She turns to Bartlett and happily agrees to go on a date with him.
Characters
Bartlett: Bartlett is the young artist who the Wyatt's mistake for the man Constance had an affair with in Paris two years prior. Generally, he is a very emotional man and has only ever been hurt by women, which has led him to hold a grudge against the entire female race. For a moment we see a shift in Bartlett's character as initially is not as attached to Constance as he is to most women—he is often very annoyed with her and does not take to her very kindly. However, this developing strength of character is negated when he stays with the Wyatt's for the next six weeks and falls head over heels for Constance, despite her obviously using him to remind her of her former lover.
Cummings: Cummings is a minister in Boston and Bartlett's closest friend. He has heard of the Wyatt's tribulations with Constance because his cousin is in contact with General Wyatt as they served in the same artillery during the Civil War. Cummings is Bartlett's conscience and often acts as a therapist to his sensitive friend.
General Wyatt: General James Wyatt is married to Mrs. Wyatt and is father to Constance. He was a Civil War General in the 34th Artillery. General Wyatt did not approve of Constance's relationship with the American man in Paris and after he found out that he was actually married, he forced the man to end their relationship. This action caused a large rift in the relationship between father and daughter, and it is very apparent that General Wyatt is extremely sensitive about it. General Wyatt is a very passive man, but at times can seem overbearing. However, he does everything he can to make sure his wife and daughter happy and out of danger.
Mrs. Wyatt: Margaret Wyatt is Constance's mother and General Wyatt's wife. All of the Wyatt's children died during the Civil War so she, like General Wyatt, is very over protective over Constance. However, Mrs. Wyatt is very honest with Constance and is not afraid to hurt her feelings in order to make Constance realize how pathetic she has become.
Constance: Constance is the Wyatt's melodramatic and neurotic daughter. Two years ago she had a short affair with an American man in Paris and although the relationship ended as a result of his unfaithfulness, she is still very much obsessed with him. Constance has fixated herself on Bartlett because he looks almost identical to her former beau but besides looks the two have nothing in common, which proves very distressing to Constance. Due to the fact that General Wyatt brought on the break up, Constance begins to hate him and frequently voices these emotions to her mother. Mrs. Wyatt and Constance have a very good relationship, although at times Constance gets upset with her mother when she is being brutally honest. Constance is representative of the lonely woman who is fixated on marriage and motherhood because she believes that is her sole purpose in life. Her inability to fulfill these expectations is very stressful and has most likely caused her to become anorexic.
Major themes
Anorexia
Constance is referred to as a “ghost” or an “apparition” multiple times throughout the course of the play. Howells has most likely employed this characterization to indicate that Constance is anorexic. Anorexia is a disease that Howells held very dear to his heart. In 1889, his beloved daughter, Winifred, succumbed to the disease when she was only 26 years old and weighed a mere 79 pounds. Although this unfortunate event happened over a decade after the publication of this play, it could be speculated that Winnie was already showing symptoms, since anorexia was becoming increasingly prevalent amongst young women her age.
Although some consider anorexia a "20th century disease", voluntary starvation by women has been traced back to as far as the 12th century. Therefore, an anorexic woman in the 19th century was not as rare of an encounter as most people believe it to be. Before being diagnosed as an actual disorder, doctors simply assumed that a lack of appetite in a female patient was a symptom of a different ailment. Research suggests that anorexia “was not recognized as a disorder until it was seen in wealthier families that had access to healthcare”. The first diagnosis of anorexia came from Sir William Gull, Queen Victoria's physician, in 1865, which labeled the disease as an actual disorder that most often targeted females between the ages of 16 and 23.
Girls like Constance, who were of the middle and upper class, often lived with their parents until they were married. Until these girls became the responsibility of their husbands, they were the light of their parents lives – especially Constance, who is left an only child after all of her siblings died during the Civil War. Parents treated their daughters as delicate and fragile beings that needed constant protection and guidance. Nevertheless, they still imposed a considerable amount of pressure for their daughters to marry and start families from an early age. This pressure often gave rise to anger and resentment in these women towards the stringency of their parents. Moreover, this necessity to fulfill their ultimate destiny of marriage and motherhood created a considerable amount of stress in the lives of these young women. All these emotions combined often resulted in anorexia or the development of other eating disorders. Constance, for example, feels a lot of resentment towards her father and a considerable amount of pressure to marry. Coming out of an extremely passionate relationship, she becomes a very unhappy person and feels as though she has lost control of her destiny. It is this loss of control that has most likely leads Constance to become anorexic.
Marriage
Constance is a young woman who is obsessed with getting married so that she can finally find meaning within her lonesome life. This type of obsessive behavior towards marriage was not uncommon in young women in the 19th century. The idea of separate spheres for women and men became very popular in the 19th century. This caused many middle and upper-class women to find themselves stuck in an intellectual predicament since they expressed so much potential, but were perceived to be too delicate and fragile to take any part in the outside world. They spent many years achieving a high level of education, a privilege that prior generations did not have, but their social status often did not approve them getting employment like men of a similar status. Consequently, after these women completed their education, they had no choice but to wait for a possible suitor to come to them and propose marriage.
Furthermore, as a result of the Civil War, there was a large shortage of young men of a military age, which was around the same age as marriage age. Some researchers argue that the loss of such a large proportion of the male population undermined the country's “established pattern of family formation and threatened the identity of white women as wives and mothers”. With the likelihood of marriage for women diminishing, more and more women became fixated on the institution itself. This fixation was expressed in actions like Constance's, where she has completely enveloped herself in the idea that she must find a husband immediately. Most women feared that if they remained unmarried past the average marriage age at the time, not only would they severely embarrass their families and themselves, but they also feared that they would never marry and thus never fulfill their ultimate destinies.
Father-daughter relationships
Through Constance and General Wyatt we see the evolution of a weak father-daughter relationship. Literature in the 19th century was frequently concerned with middle and upper-class family relations. Fathers and daughters often appeared in these writings and focused on the daughter learning to inhabit the role of a model daughter and wife. In one of Constance's therapeutic and emotional chats with her mother, we get a glimpse of what Constance's relationship was like with her father when she was a young girl. Like most young girls at the time, especially those with war heroes for fathers, she fulfilled the role of “daddy’s little girl” and truly idolized her father. The same could be said with the way General Wyatt regarded young Constance: he spoiled her, “took her everywhere with him, and wanted to give her everything”. In the Antebellum Era, daughters aimed to serve their fathers and practiced self-abnegation. Up until the incident in Paris, Constance followed this familial model, which is only conveyed at the end of the play when Constance instantly rekindles her love and respect for her father after he shows her the note. However, being the emotional, neurotic, attention craving young woman she is, Constance refused to listen to her father for the past two years, believing that he has severely wronged her. The tension between Constance and her father is expressed on many occasions. General Wyatt was truly trying to protect his beloved little girl when he forced her beau to end the relationship and on more than one occasion it is expressed that he misses having a good relationship with his daughter. However, Constance is incapable of understanding the situation in that context and openly admits that she no longer loves her father as she used to. Although Constance knows that her former lover was unfaithful towards her, she still blames General Wyatt for ruining her life because she feels as though he has destroyed all possibility for her to fulfill her destiny of marriage and motherhood.
Production and critical reception
Adapted to stage
A Counterfeit Presentment is regarded the Howells' plays to truly have a successful stage life. It was performed by one of America's most illustrious actors at the time, Lawrence Barrett. While financially successful for Howells, the play was not very well received by most audiences. Although most considered it a very likeable story, A Counterfeit Presentment was also found to be a bit boring, as it is lacking in much action. Audiences were also very surprised at the fact that the play belittles the theater at times. Critics point out that "when Bartlett is told the “tragic” story of a young lady who has come infelicitously to the hotel, a lady whom he is destined to wed, he exclaims, tellingly: “Oh, come now! You don’t expect me to believe that! It isn’t a stage-play."”
About the author
William Dean Howells was a very prominent and successful realist author in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. In addition to writing for the Atlantic Monthly and Harper's Magazine, Howells was the author of a significant number of realist plays and novels. In 1871, he was named editor of the Atlantic Monthly, a position that he maintained for the next ten years. The objective of most of his plays was to acknowledge and promote the importance of “little morsels of drama”. The communication between his characters is depicted in simple conversations, but with a hidden knowledge of each other. Howells became a prominent writer of dramatic realism in the United States between 1856 and 1916 because he created an intimate drama that was relatable and easy for the general public to understand.
References
^ Howells, William Dean (1877). A Counterfeit Presentment. Boston: James R. Osgood and Company. pp. 155. ISBN 978-1110654673.
^ Howells, William Dean (1877). A Counterfeit Presentment. Boston: James R. Osgood and Company. pp. 155. ISBN 978-1110654673.
^ Howells, William Dean (1877). A Counterfeit Presentment. Boston: James R. Osgood and Company. pp. 155. ISBN 978-1110654673.
^ Howells, William Dean (1877). A Counterfeit Presentment. Boston: James R. Osgood and Company. pp. 155. ISBN 978-1110654673.
^ Goodman, Susan; Carl Dawson (2005). William Dean Howells: A Writer's Life. Berkeley: University of California. pp. 545. ISBN 978-0520238961.
^ Sonenklar, Carol (2011). Anorexia and Bulimia. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 9780761363736.
^ "A Fear of Food: A History of Eating Disorders". Retrieved 7 May 2012.
^ Sonenklar, Carol (2011). Anorexia and Bulimia. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 9780761363736.
^ Hacker, J.D.; Libra Hilde; James H. Jones (2010). "The Effect of the Civil War on Marriage Patterns" (PDF). Journal of Southern History. LXXVI (1). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
^ Giffen, Allison (2003). "Dutiful Daughters and Needy Fathers: Lydia Sigourney and Nineteenth-Century Popular Literature". Women's Studies. 32 (3): 255–280. doi:10.1080/00497870310069.
^ Howells, William Dean (1877). A Counterfeit Presentment. Boston: James R. Osgood and Company. pp. 155. ISBN 978-1110654673.
^ Giffen, Allison (2003). "Dutiful Daughters and Needy Fathers: Lydia Sigourney and Nineteenth-Century Popular Literature". Women's Studies. 32 (3): 255–280. doi:10.1080/00497870310069.
^ Ackerman, Alan L. (1999). The Portable Theater: American Literature and the Nineteenth-century Stage. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 296. ISBN 978-0801869112.
^ Goodman, Susan; Carl Dawson (2005). William Dean Howells: A Writer's Life. Berkeley: University of California. pp. 545. ISBN 978-0520238961.
^ Ackerman, Alan (1997). "The Right to Reserve Privacy: William Dean Howells and the Rise of Dramatic Realism". American Literary Realism, 1870-1910. 30 (1): 1–19. JSTOR 27746711.
^ Ackerman, Alan (1997). "The Right to Reserve Privacy: William Dean Howells and the Rise of Dramatic Realism". American Literary Realism, 1870-1910. 30 (1): 1–19. JSTOR 27746711.
External links
A Counterfeit Presentment and The Parlour Car at Project Gutenberg
Sources
Goodman, Susan; Carl Dawson (2005). William Dean Howells: A Writer's Life. Berkeley: University of California. pp. 545. ISBN 978-0520238961.
Sonenklar, Carol (2011). Anorexia and Bulimia. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 9780761363736.
"A Fear of Food: A History of Eating Disorders". Retrieved 7 May 2012.
Hacker, J.D.; Libra Hilde; James H. Jones (2010). "The Effect of the Civil War on Marriage Patterns" (PDF). Journal of Southern History. LXXVI (1). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
Ackerman, Alan L. (1999). The Portable Theater: American Literature and the Nineteenth-century Stage. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 296. ISBN 978-0801869112.
Howells, William Dean (1877). A Counterfeit Presentment. Boston: James R. Osgood and Company. pp. 155. ISBN 978-1110654673.
Ackerman, Alan (1997). "The Right to Reserve Privacy: William Dean Howells and the Rise of Dramatic Realism". American Literary Realism, 1870-1910. 30 (1): 1–19. JSTOR 27746711.
Giffen, Allison (2003). "Dutiful Daughters and Needy Fathers: Lydia Sigourney and Nineteenth-Century Popular Literature". Women's Studies. 32 (3): 255–280. doi:10.1080/00497870310069.
vteWilliam Dean HowellsShort stories
Mark Twain's Library of Humor (contributor; 1888)
"Christmas Every Day" (1892)
Plays
A Counterfeit Presentment (1877)
The Sleeping Car (1883)
Novels
The Lady of The Aroostook (1879)
Dr. Breen's Practice (1881)
A Modern Instance (1882)
The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885)
Indian Summer (1886)
A Hazard of New Fortunes (1889)
An Imperative Duty (1891)
A Traveler from Altruria (1894)
The Landlord at Lion's Head (1897)
The Flight of Pony Baker (1902)
Through the Eye of the Needle (1907)
Related
William Dean Howells House
Redtop home
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Dean Howells","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Dean_Howells"},{"link_name":"literary realism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_realism"},{"link_name":"19th century","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_the_19th_century"}],"text":"A Counterfeit Presentment is a play written by American author and playwright William Dean Howells in 1877. The play is a comedy in the genre of literary realism and tells the story of a chance encounter between a young woman, Constance, and a man whom she mistakes for her ex lover, Bartlett. However, Bartlett is not completely aware of Constance's neurotic behavior until he gets to know her a bit more. Her true personality is only truly expressed after she forces Bartlett to stay with her in the hotel so she can pretend he is her former beau. Howells uses comedy to reveal the deeper issue of the plight of unmarried middle and upper-class women in the 19th century.","title":"A Counterfeit Presentment"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Synopsis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Boston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston"},{"link_name":"Paris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris"}],"sub_title":"Act One: An Extraordinary Resemblance","text":"Set at the Ponkwasset Hotel in Boston, the first act begins with Bartlett and his friend Cummings having a conversation about Bartlett's love life. Bartlett is depressed and has turned into a misanthrope because a girl he went on a date with was not interested in him anymore. As Bartlett is cursing all women and voicing his anger toward the entire female race, Cummings tries to cheer his friend up. He tells him the story of a girl who is still miserable about a break up that happened two years ago in hopes to prove to Bartlett that women do, indeed, have hearts. While they are speaking, General Wyatt, barges in yelling and cursing at Bartlett, ordering him to leave the hotel immediately. Then, when Constance and her mother enter the room, Constance faints at first sight of Bartlett. However, as General Wyatt approaches Bartlett he realizes that he has made the terrible mistake of yelling at a man he has never met before. Nevertheless, Bartlett is very upset and disturbed at the entire situation and storms out of the hotel. Cummings stays to speak with General Wyatt and realizes the general is terribly sorry for his earlier behavior. Once they are alone, General Wyatt tells Cummings the reason why he acted the way he did. Two years ago, Mrs. Wyatt brought Constance to Paris and Constance fell in love with an American man. However, when General Wyatt met the man he was very skeptical about him and soon found out that he was actually married. As a result of this unfortunate discovery, General Wyatt forced this man to end all relations with Constance, leaving her absolutely miserable and harboring a great deal of resentment towards her father, which has lasted for the past two years. Ironically, this was the same exact story that Cummings was telling Bartlett about just a few minutes ago. Although General Wyatt initially insisted that Bartlett leave the hotel premises to protect Constance, when Bartlett returns the general begs him to stay at Constance's request. Despite some initial skepticism, Bartlett agrees to stay.","title":"Synopsis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"sub_title":"Act Two: Distinctions and Differences","text":"The second act of the play opens with Constance and Mrs. Wyatt having a private conversation in their room. Constance is an extremely dramatic young woman—she loves to cause a scene and is constantly seeking the undivided attention of all those around her. Like many other women in the late 19th century, she is primarily focused on getting married and starting a family. Before her relationship fell apart, Constance believed that the man she met in Paris was to be her husband and she had finished the race to matrimony. However, Constance still has not come to terms with the fact that her relationship with that man is over forever. She enjoys to pity herself in front of others and frequently tells her mother that she feels as though she is an evil vampire that repulses all men.[1] Not being able to fathom listening to Constance's trivial problems anymore, Mrs. Wyatt shifts the conversation to the rift in Constance's relationship with her father. Ever since her father compelled her lover to end their relationship, Constance has blamed him for her misery and solitude. General Wyatt and Constance used to have a good relationship but now they are very distant to each other and Constance is extremely vocal about the resentment she feels towards her father. Mrs. Wyatt chastises Constance for her poor attitude towards the general, \"How can you treat your father so coldly? Give me the pain if you must torment somebody. But spare your father, -- spare the heart that loves you so tenderly, you unhappy girl\".[2] She explains to her that General Wyatt did what was necessary to protect Constance and she should have a little more self-respect to not be so miserable, as well as more respect for her father, her ultimate protector. When Constance is finally alone, she invites Bartlett into her room to observe and question him in an attempt to find any similarities, besides looks, between Bartlett and her former lover. At first Bartlett does not realize Constance's intentions but once he does, he angrily storms out of the room. Bartlett and General Wyatt decide to go on a walk to the docks and Mrs. Wyatt comes back into Constance's room. Almost immediately after Mrs. Wyatt is with Constance, they see four men carrying someone up the hill through the window. True to form, Constance causes a huge, emotional scene. She springs up, exclaiming that her father is dead: “Oh, yes, yes! It’s papa! It’s my dear, good, kind papa! He’s dead; he’s drowned; I drove him away; I murdered him!”[3] It's almost uncertain whether she was happy or sad at the possibility of her father being dead. Bartlett, witnessing this absolute hysteria, is very puzzled by such dramatic and preposterous actions by a seemingly proper young woman and questions his decision to stay at the hotel.","title":"Synopsis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"sub_title":"Act Three: Not at All Alike","text":"The third and shortest act in the play is set six weeks later. Cummings returns to the hotel and to his surprise Bartlett has been staying with the Wyatts for the past six weeks. Bartlett, as usual, begins talking about his emotions with Cummings and admits to falling in love with Constance. However, aside from his love for Constance, Bartlett is secretly very offended by Constance's actions towards him—he has slowly become aware of the fact that the only reason she enjoys his company is because his features remind her of her former lover. Seeing that Bartlett is truly at a loss, Cummings advises his emotional friend to speak to Constance and profess his true feelings to her. When Bartlett sits down to speak to Constance and finally tells her that he has deep feelings for her, Constance immediately rejects him, putting on her usual melodramatic, self-pitying performance: “When he left me I seemed to die. Now I am some wretched ghost clinging for all existence to the thought of my lost unhappiness…I might have loved you – if I had – lived”.[4] Annoyed with Constance's obsessive behavior, Bartlett confronts her of only befriending him as a way to pretend she was still with her former lover, which immediately sent Constance in a bitter, tearful rage. General and Mrs. Wyatt run into the parlor room as soon as they hear Constance's cries. At the sight of his distressed daughter, General Wyatt realizes that he must disclose a secret he has kept from her for the past two years. He shows Constance a note that her former beau wrote to General Wyatt, stating that he had no problem with promptly ending all relations with Constance. Reading this note and realizing that her former lover never truly loved her somehow immediately relieves Constance of all the woes that have been plaguing her for the past two years. Immediately all of her issues with her self-image, her father and her mother disappear. She turns to Bartlett and happily agrees to go on a date with him.","title":"Synopsis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"anorexic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorexia_nervosa"}],"text":"Bartlett: Bartlett is the young artist who the Wyatt's mistake for the man Constance had an affair with in Paris two years prior. Generally, he is a very emotional man and has only ever been hurt by women, which has led him to hold a grudge against the entire female race. For a moment we see a shift in Bartlett's character as initially is not as attached to Constance as he is to most women—he is often very annoyed with her and does not take to her very kindly. However, this developing strength of character is negated when he stays with the Wyatt's for the next six weeks and falls head over heels for Constance, despite her obviously using him to remind her of her former lover.\nCummings: Cummings is a minister in Boston and Bartlett's closest friend. He has heard of the Wyatt's tribulations with Constance because his cousin is in contact with General Wyatt as they served in the same artillery during the Civil War. Cummings is Bartlett's conscience and often acts as a therapist to his sensitive friend.\nGeneral Wyatt: General James Wyatt is married to Mrs. Wyatt and is father to Constance. He was a Civil War General in the 34th Artillery. General Wyatt did not approve of Constance's relationship with the American man in Paris and after he found out that he was actually married, he forced the man to end their relationship. This action caused a large rift in the relationship between father and daughter, and it is very apparent that General Wyatt is extremely sensitive about it. General Wyatt is a very passive man, but at times can seem overbearing. However, he does everything he can to make sure his wife and daughter happy and out of danger.\nMrs. Wyatt: Margaret Wyatt is Constance's mother and General Wyatt's wife. All of the Wyatt's children died during the Civil War so she, like General Wyatt, is very over protective over Constance. However, Mrs. Wyatt is very honest with Constance and is not afraid to hurt her feelings in order to make Constance realize how pathetic she has become.\nConstance: Constance is the Wyatt's melodramatic and neurotic daughter. Two years ago she had a short affair with an American man in Paris and although the relationship ended as a result of his unfaithfulness, she is still very much obsessed with him. Constance has fixated herself on Bartlett because he looks almost identical to her former beau but besides looks the two have nothing in common, which proves very distressing to Constance. Due to the fact that General Wyatt brought on the break up, Constance begins to hate him and frequently voices these emotions to her mother. Mrs. Wyatt and Constance have a very good relationship, although at times Constance gets upset with her mother when she is being brutally honest. Constance is representative of the lonely woman who is fixated on marriage and motherhood because she believes that is her sole purpose in life. Her inability to fulfill these expectations is very stressful and has most likely caused her to become anorexic.","title":"Characters"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Major themes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"who?","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Sir William Gull","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_William_Gull,_1st_Baronet"},{"link_name":"Queen Victoria's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"sub_title":"Anorexia","text":"Constance is referred to as a “ghost” or an “apparition” multiple times throughout the course of the play. Howells has most likely employed this characterization to indicate that Constance is anorexic. Anorexia is a disease that Howells held very dear to his heart. In 1889, his beloved daughter, Winifred, succumbed to the disease when she was only 26 years old and weighed a mere 79 pounds. Although this unfortunate event happened over a decade after the publication of this play, it could be speculated that Winnie was already showing symptoms, since anorexia was becoming increasingly prevalent amongst young women her age.[5]Although some[who?] consider anorexia a \"20th century disease\", voluntary starvation by women has been traced back to as far as the 12th century. Therefore, an anorexic woman in the 19th century was not as rare of an encounter as most people believe it to be. Before being diagnosed as an actual disorder, doctors simply assumed that a lack of appetite in a female patient was a symptom of a different ailment. Research suggests that anorexia “was not recognized as a disorder until it was seen in wealthier families that had access to healthcare”.[6] The first diagnosis of anorexia came from Sir William Gull, Queen Victoria's physician, in 1865, which labeled the disease as an actual disorder that most often targeted females between the ages of 16 and 23.[7] \nGirls like Constance, who were of the middle and upper class, often lived with their parents until they were married. Until these girls became the responsibility of their husbands, they were the light of their parents lives – especially Constance, who is left an only child after all of her siblings died during the Civil War. Parents treated their daughters as delicate and fragile beings that needed constant protection and guidance. Nevertheless, they still imposed a considerable amount of pressure for their daughters to marry and start families from an early age. This pressure often gave rise to anger and resentment in these women towards the stringency of their parents. Moreover, this necessity to fulfill their ultimate destiny of marriage and motherhood created a considerable amount of stress in the lives of these young women. All these emotions combined often resulted in anorexia or the development of other eating disorders.[8] Constance, for example, feels a lot of resentment towards her father and a considerable amount of pressure to marry. Coming out of an extremely passionate relationship, she becomes a very unhappy person and feels as though she has lost control of her destiny. It is this loss of control that has most likely leads Constance to become anorexic.","title":"Major themes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"married","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Marriage"},{"link_name":"separate spheres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separate_Spheres"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"sub_title":"Marriage","text":"Constance is a young woman who is obsessed with getting married so that she can finally find meaning within her lonesome life. This type of obsessive behavior towards marriage was not uncommon in young women in the 19th century. The idea of separate spheres for women and men became very popular in the 19th century. This caused many middle and upper-class women to find themselves stuck in an intellectual predicament since they expressed so much potential, but were perceived to be too delicate and fragile to take any part in the outside world. They spent many years achieving a high level of education, a privilege that prior generations did not have, but their social status often did not approve them getting employment like men of a similar status. Consequently, after these women completed their education, they had no choice but to wait for a possible suitor to come to them and propose marriage.Furthermore, as a result of the Civil War, there was a large shortage of young men of a military age, which was around the same age as marriage age. Some researchers argue that the loss of such a large proportion of the male population undermined the country's “established pattern of family formation and threatened the identity of white women as wives and mothers”.[9] With the likelihood of marriage for women diminishing, more and more women became fixated on the institution itself. This fixation was expressed in actions like Constance's, where she has completely enveloped herself in the idea that she must find a husband immediately. Most women feared that if they remained unmarried past the average marriage age at the time, not only would they severely embarrass their families and themselves, but they also feared that they would never marry and thus never fulfill their ultimate destinies.","title":"Major themes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Antebellum Era","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antebellum_Era"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"sub_title":"Father-daughter relationships","text":"Through Constance and General Wyatt we see the evolution of a weak father-daughter relationship. Literature in the 19th century was frequently concerned with middle and upper-class family relations. Fathers and daughters often appeared in these writings and focused on the daughter learning to inhabit the role of a model daughter and wife.[10] In one of Constance's therapeutic and emotional chats with her mother, we get a glimpse of what Constance's relationship was like with her father when she was a young girl. Like most young girls at the time, especially those with war heroes for fathers, she fulfilled the role of “daddy’s little girl” and truly idolized her father. The same could be said with the way General Wyatt regarded young Constance: he spoiled her, “took her everywhere with him, and wanted to give her everything”.[11] In the Antebellum Era, daughters aimed to serve their fathers and practiced self-abnegation.[12] Up until the incident in Paris, Constance followed this familial model, which is only conveyed at the end of the play when Constance instantly rekindles her love and respect for her father after he shows her the note. However, being the emotional, neurotic, attention craving young woman she is, Constance refused to listen to her father for the past two years, believing that he has severely wronged her. The tension between Constance and her father is expressed on many occasions. General Wyatt was truly trying to protect his beloved little girl when he forced her beau to end the relationship and on more than one occasion it is expressed that he misses having a good relationship with his daughter. However, Constance is incapable of understanding the situation in that context and openly admits that she no longer loves her father as she used to. Although Constance knows that her former lover was unfaithful towards her, she still blames General Wyatt for ruining her life because she feels as though he has destroyed all possibility for her to fulfill her destiny of marriage and motherhood.","title":"Major themes"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Production and critical reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lawrence Barrett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Barrett"},{"link_name":"theater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theater"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"sub_title":"Adapted to stage","text":"A Counterfeit Presentment is regarded the Howells' plays to truly have a successful stage life. It was performed by one of America's most illustrious actors at the time, Lawrence Barrett. While financially successful for Howells, the play was not very well received by most audiences. Although most considered it a very likeable story, A Counterfeit Presentment was also found to be a bit boring, as it is lacking in much action. Audiences were also very surprised at the fact that the play belittles the theater at times. Critics point out that \"when Bartlett is told the “tragic” story of a young lady who has come infelicitously to the hotel, a lady whom he is destined to wed, he exclaims, tellingly: “Oh, come now! You don’t expect me to believe that! It isn’t a stage-play.\"”[13]","title":"Production and critical reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Atlantic Monthly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Monthly"},{"link_name":"Harper's Magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"text":"William Dean Howells was a very prominent and successful realist author in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. In addition to writing for the Atlantic Monthly and Harper's Magazine, Howells was the author of a significant number of realist plays and novels. In 1871, he was named editor of the Atlantic Monthly, a position that he maintained for the next ten years.[14] The objective of most of his plays was to acknowledge and promote the importance of “little morsels of drama”.[15] The communication between his characters is depicted in simple conversations, but with a hidden knowledge of each other. Howells became a prominent writer of dramatic realism in the United States between 1856 and 1916 because he created an intimate drama that was relatable and easy for the general public to understand.[16]","title":"About the author"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Dean Howells: A Writer's Life","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/williamdeanhowel00good_0/page/545"},{"link_name":"545","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/williamdeanhowel00good_0/page/545"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0520238961","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520238961"},{"link_name":"Anorexia and Bulimia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/anorexiabulimia0000sone"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780761363736","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761363736"},{"link_name":"\"A Fear of Food: A History of Eating Disorders\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.randomhistory.com/2008/08/08_eating.html"},{"link_name":"\"The Effect of the Civil War on Marriage Patterns\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20120905042418/http://www2.binghamton.edu/history/docs/Hacker-Hilde-Jones_Civil%20War.pdf"},{"link_name":"the original","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www2.binghamton.edu/history/docs/Hacker-Hilde-Jones_Civil%20War.pdf"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0801869112","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801869112"},{"link_name":"A Counterfeit Presentment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/counterfeitprese00howerich"},{"link_name":"155","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/counterfeitprese00howerich/page/155"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1110654673","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1110654673"},{"link_name":"JSTOR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"27746711","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.jstor.org/stable/27746711"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1080/00497870310069","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1080%2F00497870310069"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:William_Dean_Howells"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:William_Dean_Howells"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:William_Dean_Howells"},{"link_name":"William Dean Howells","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Dean_Howells"},{"link_name":"Mark Twain's Library of Humor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Twain%27s_Library_of_Humor"},{"link_name":"Christmas Every Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Every_Day"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Dean_Howells.jpg"},{"link_name":"A Counterfeit Presentment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"The Sleeping Car","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sleeping_Car"},{"link_name":"The Lady of The Aroostook","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lady_of_The_Aroostook"},{"link_name":"Dr. Breen's Practice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Breen%27s_Practice"},{"link_name":"A Modern Instance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Modern_Instance"},{"link_name":"The Rise of Silas Lapham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rise_of_Silas_Lapham"},{"link_name":"Indian Summer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Summer_(novel)"},{"link_name":"A Hazard of New Fortunes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Hazard_of_New_Fortunes"},{"link_name":"An Imperative Duty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Imperative_Duty"},{"link_name":"A Traveler from Altruria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Traveler_from_Altruria"},{"link_name":"The Landlord at Lion's Head","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Landlord_at_Lion%27s_Head"},{"link_name":"The Flight of Pony Baker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Flight_of_Pony_Baker"},{"link_name":"Through the Eye of the Needle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Through_the_Eye_of_the_Needle"},{"link_name":"William Dean Howells House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Dean_Howells_House_(Cambridge,_Massachusetts)"},{"link_name":"Redtop home","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redtop_(Belmont,_Massachusetts)"}],"text":"Goodman, Susan; Carl Dawson (2005). William Dean Howells: A Writer's Life. Berkeley: University of California. pp. 545. ISBN 978-0520238961.\nSonenklar, Carol (2011). Anorexia and Bulimia. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 9780761363736.\n\"A Fear of Food: A History of Eating Disorders\". Retrieved 7 May 2012.\nHacker, J.D.; Libra Hilde; James H. Jones (2010). \"The Effect of the Civil War on Marriage Patterns\" (PDF). Journal of Southern History. LXXVI (1). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.\nAckerman, Alan L. (1999). The Portable Theater: American Literature and the Nineteenth-century Stage. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 296. ISBN 978-0801869112.\nHowells, William Dean (1877). A Counterfeit Presentment. Boston: James R. Osgood and Company. pp. 155. ISBN 978-1110654673.\nAckerman, Alan (1997). \"The Right to Reserve Privacy: William Dean Howells and the Rise of Dramatic Realism\". American Literary Realism, 1870-1910. 30 (1): 1–19. JSTOR 27746711.\nGiffen, Allison (2003). \"Dutiful Daughters and Needy Fathers: Lydia Sigourney and Nineteenth-Century Popular Literature\". Women's Studies. 32 (3): 255–280. doi:10.1080/00497870310069.vteWilliam Dean HowellsShort stories\nMark Twain's Library of Humor (contributor; 1888)\n\"Christmas Every Day\" (1892)\nPlays\nA Counterfeit Presentment (1877)\nThe Sleeping Car (1883)\nNovels\nThe Lady of The Aroostook (1879)\nDr. Breen's Practice (1881)\nA Modern Instance (1882)\nThe Rise of Silas Lapham (1885)\nIndian Summer (1886)\nA Hazard of New Fortunes (1889)\nAn Imperative Duty (1891)\nA Traveler from Altruria (1894)\nThe Landlord at Lion's Head (1897)\nThe Flight of Pony Baker (1902)\nThrough the Eye of the Needle (1907)\nRelated\nWilliam Dean Howells House\nRedtop home","title":"Sources"}]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Downes
|
Percy Downes
|
["1 Playing career","1.1 Early career","1.2 Blackpool","1.3 Hull City","1.4 Stockport County","1.5 Burnley","1.6 Oldham Athletic","2 Notes","3 References"]
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English footballer
Percy DownesPersonal informationFull name
Percy DownesDate of birth
19 September 1905Place of birth
Langold, EnglandDate of death
1989 (aged 83 or 84)Height
5 ft 10+1⁄2 in (1.79 m)Position(s)
MidfielderSenior career*Years
Team
Apps
(Gls)
Gainsborough Trinity
1925–1931
Blackpool
153
(32)1931–1932
Hull City
11
(3)1932–1934
Stockport County
82
(27)1934–1936
Burnley
61
(6)1936–1938
Oldham Athletic
51
(4)
Gainsborough Trinity
*Club domestic league appearances and goals
Percy Downes (19 September 1905 – 1989) was an English professional footballer. He spent six years at Blackpool in the early 20th century, making over 150 Football League appearances for the club, and over 350 league appearances in total. He played as a midfielder.
Playing career
Early career
Downes' first senior team was Dinnington Main Colliery Welfare, where he started playing during the early 1920s. He later transferred to Gainsborough Trinity, where his performances earned him a move into professional football in the Football League with Blackpool.
Blackpool
Downes made his debut for the Seasiders six games into their 1925–26 league season, a single-goal defeat to Darlington at Bloomfield Road on 14 September 1925. He went on to make 21 further league appearances that campaign, scoring five goals. He also appeared in Blackpool's sole FA Cup tie that season.
The following season, 1926–27, Downes made 28 starts in the league, and scored six goals. Again, he appeared in the FA Cup as Blackpool exited at the third-round stage once more.
Frank Buckley, who signed Downes, was replaced as Blackpool manager by Sydney Beaumont prior to the 1927–28 term, but he was still kept in favour, making nineteen appearances in the league and scoring four goals.
Downes appeared in well over half of Blackpool's league games in 1928–29, which was Harry Evans' first season in charge. Downes scored four goals, all in Blackpool victories. He also appeared in Blackpool's FA Cup third-round exit match at Plymouth Argyle.
In the 1929–30 campaign, Downes missed only five games as Blackpool finished as Division Two champions. He also scored thirteen goals, his highest season-total for the club, including a hat-trick in a 7–1 victory at home to Bristol City on 26 October 1929. Blackpool also made it to the fourth round of the FA Cup for the first time in four seasons, but Downes missed out on the match.
Downes' final season with Blackpool, 1930–31, saw his make sixteen appearances in the top flight for the club. He failed to score in the league for the first time in his six seasons with the Seasiders, but he did score Blackpool's goal in their FA Cup fourth-round 2–1 defeat at Southport on 24 January 1931.
His final appearance for Blackpool occurred on 18 February 1931, in a single-goal defeat at home to Birmingham City.
Hull City
In 1931, Downes joined Football League Third Division North side Hull City, where he played eleven matches and scored three goals as the team finished eighth in their division. He stayed at Hull for just one season.
Stockport County
Downes signed for Third Division North outfit Stockport prior to the 1932–33 season. He racked up 82 appearances and notched 17 goals for the club as they secured consecutive third-placed finishes in the division.
Burnley
Downes' consistent goalscoring in the Third Division earned him a move to Second Division side Burnley in the summer of 1934. He spent two seasons with the Clarets, but only managed to score a total of six goals in the league. He helped Burnley to the semi-final of the FA Cup in the 1934–35 season, and played a total of 61 league games before he left to join Oldham Athletic.
Oldham Athletic
Downes played a total of 51 matches for the Latics, scoring just 4 times in two seasons. In 1938, he retired from professional football and returned to Gainsborough Trinity.
Notes
^ "Oldham are an unknown quantity". Sunday Dispatch Football Guide. London. 23 August 1936. p. xiii – via Newspapers.com.
^ Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992, Breedon Books Sport, p. 226
^ Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992, Breedon Books Sport, p. 228
^ Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992, Breedon Books Sport, p. 230
^ Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992, Breedon Books Sport, p. 232
^ Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992, Breedon Books Sport, p. 234
^ a b Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992, Breedon Books Sport, p. 236
^ The Giant Killers 1935
References
Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992. Breedon Books Sport. ISBN 1-873626-07-X.
Joyce, Michael (2004). Football League Players' Records 1888–1939.
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"footballer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football"},{"link_name":"Blackpool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool_F.C."},{"link_name":"Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League"},{"link_name":"midfielder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midfielder"}],"text":"Percy Downes (19 September 1905 – 1989) was an English professional footballer. He spent six years at Blackpool in the early 20th century, making over 150 Football League appearances for the club, and over 350 league appearances in total. He played as a midfielder.","title":"Percy Downes"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Playing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Colliery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colliery"},{"link_name":"Gainsborough Trinity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gainsborough_Trinity_F.C."},{"link_name":"the Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Football_League"},{"link_name":"Blackpool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool_F.C."}],"sub_title":"Early career","text":"Downes' first senior team was Dinnington Main Colliery Welfare, where he started playing during the early 1920s. He later transferred to Gainsborough Trinity, where his performances earned him a move into professional football in the Football League with Blackpool.","title":"Playing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"1925–26","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool_F.C._season_1925%E2%80%9326"},{"link_name":"Darlington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darlington_F.C."},{"link_name":"Bloomfield Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomfield_Road"},{"link_name":"FA Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FA_Cup"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Calley_226-2"},{"link_name":"1926–27","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool_F.C._season_1926%E2%80%9327"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Calley_228-3"},{"link_name":"Frank Buckley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Buckley_(footballer)"},{"link_name":"Sydney Beaumont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Beaumont"},{"link_name":"1927–28","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool_F.C._season_1927%E2%80%9328"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Calley_230-4"},{"link_name":"1928–29","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool_F.C._season_1928%E2%80%9329"},{"link_name":"Harry Evans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Evans_(football_manager)"},{"link_name":"Plymouth Argyle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Argyle_F.C."},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Calley_232-5"},{"link_name":"1929–30","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool_F.C._season_1929%E2%80%9330"},{"link_name":"Division Two","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division"},{"link_name":"hat-trick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat-trick#Association_football"},{"link_name":"Bristol City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_City_F.C."},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Calley_234-6"},{"link_name":"1930–31","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool_F.C._season_1930%E2%80%9331"},{"link_name":"Southport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southport_F.C."},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Calley_236-7"},{"link_name":"Birmingham City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_City_F.C."},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Calley_236-7"}],"sub_title":"Blackpool","text":"Downes made his debut for the Seasiders six games into their 1925–26 league season, a single-goal defeat to Darlington at Bloomfield Road on 14 September 1925. He went on to make 21 further league appearances that campaign, scoring five goals. He also appeared in Blackpool's sole FA Cup tie that season.[2]The following season, 1926–27, Downes made 28 starts in the league, and scored six goals. Again, he appeared in the FA Cup as Blackpool exited at the third-round stage once more.[3]Frank Buckley, who signed Downes, was replaced as Blackpool manager by Sydney Beaumont prior to the 1927–28 term, but he was still kept in favour, making nineteen appearances in the league and scoring four goals.[4]Downes appeared in well over half of Blackpool's league games in 1928–29, which was Harry Evans' first season in charge. Downes scored four goals, all in Blackpool victories. He also appeared in Blackpool's FA Cup third-round exit match at Plymouth Argyle.[5]In the 1929–30 campaign, Downes missed only five games as Blackpool finished as Division Two champions. He also scored thirteen goals, his highest season-total for the club, including a hat-trick in a 7–1 victory at home to Bristol City on 26 October 1929. Blackpool also made it to the fourth round of the FA Cup for the first time in four seasons, but Downes missed out on the match.[6]Downes' final season with Blackpool, 1930–31, saw his make sixteen appearances in the top flight for the club. He failed to score in the league for the first time in his six seasons with the Seasiders, but he did score Blackpool's goal in their FA Cup fourth-round 2–1 defeat at Southport on 24 January 1931.[7]His final appearance for Blackpool occurred on 18 February 1931, in a single-goal defeat at home to Birmingham City.[7]","title":"Playing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Football League Third Division North","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Third_Division_North"},{"link_name":"Hull City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull_City_A.F.C."}],"sub_title":"Hull City","text":"In 1931, Downes joined Football League Third Division North side Hull City, where he played eleven matches and scored three goals as the team finished eighth in their division. He stayed at Hull for just one season.","title":"Playing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"1932–33 season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932%E2%80%9333_Football_League"}],"sub_title":"Stockport County","text":"Downes signed for Third Division North outfit Stockport prior to the 1932–33 season. He racked up 82 appearances and notched 17 goals for the club as they secured consecutive third-placed finishes in the division.","title":"Playing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Burnley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnley_F.C."},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Oldham Athletic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldham_Athletic_A.F.C."}],"sub_title":"Burnley","text":"Downes' consistent goalscoring in the Third Division earned him a move to Second Division side Burnley in the summer of 1934. He spent two seasons with the Clarets, but only managed to score a total of six goals in the league. He helped Burnley to the semi-final of the FA Cup in the 1934–35 season,[8] and played a total of 61 league games before he left to join Oldham Athletic.","title":"Playing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Gainsborough Trinity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gainsborough_Trinity_F.C."}],"sub_title":"Oldham Athletic","text":"Downes played a total of 51 matches for the Latics, scoring just 4 times in two seasons. In 1938, he retired from professional football and returned to Gainsborough Trinity.","title":"Playing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"\"Oldham are an unknown quantity\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.newspapers.com/article/sunday-dispatch-football-guide-1936-xiii/134324494/"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Calley_226_2-0"},{"link_name":"Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool:_A_Complete_Record_1887%E2%80%931992"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Calley_228_3-0"},{"link_name":"Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool:_A_Complete_Record_1887%E2%80%931992"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Calley_230_4-0"},{"link_name":"Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool:_A_Complete_Record_1887%E2%80%931992"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Calley_232_5-0"},{"link_name":"Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool:_A_Complete_Record_1887%E2%80%931992"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Calley_234_6-0"},{"link_name":"Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool:_A_Complete_Record_1887%E2%80%931992"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Calley_236_7-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Calley_236_7-1"},{"link_name":"Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool:_A_Complete_Record_1887%E2%80%931992"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-8"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.freewebs.com/captainbeecher/1935.htm"}],"text":"^ \"Oldham are an unknown quantity\". Sunday Dispatch Football Guide. London. 23 August 1936. p. xiii – via Newspapers.com.\n\n^ Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992, Breedon Books Sport, p. 226\n\n^ Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992, Breedon Books Sport, p. 228\n\n^ Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992, Breedon Books Sport, p. 230\n\n^ Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992, Breedon Books Sport, p. 232\n\n^ Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992, Breedon Books Sport, p. 234\n\n^ a b Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992, Breedon Books Sport, p. 236\n\n^ [1] The Giant Killers 1935","title":"Notes"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Oldham are an unknown quantity\". Sunday Dispatch Football Guide. London. 23 August 1936. p. xiii – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/article/sunday-dispatch-football-guide-1936-xiii/134324494/","url_text":"\"Oldham are an unknown quantity\""}]},{"reference":"Calley, Roy (1992). Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887–1992. Breedon Books Sport. ISBN 1-873626-07-X.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-873626-07-X","url_text":"1-873626-07-X"}]},{"reference":"Joyce, Michael (2004). Football League Players' Records 1888–1939.","urls":[]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.newspapers.com/article/sunday-dispatch-football-guide-1936-xiii/134324494/","external_links_name":"\"Oldham are an unknown quantity\""},{"Link":"http://www.freewebs.com/captainbeecher/1935.htm","external_links_name":"[1]"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svelgen_Chapel
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Svelgen Chapel
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["1 History","2 See also","3 References"]
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Coordinates: 61°46′00″N 5°17′03″E / 61.7666706534°N 5.28403142097°E / 61.7666706534; 5.28403142097Church in Vestland, NorwaySvelgen ChapelSvelgen kapellView of the church61°46′00″N 5°17′03″E / 61.7666706534°N 5.28403142097°E / 61.7666706534; 5.28403142097LocationBremanger Municipality,VestlandCountryNorwayDenominationChurch of NorwayChurchmanshipEvangelical LutheranWebsitekyrkja.no/bremangerHistoryStatusParish churchFounded1960Consecrated9 October 1960ArchitectureFunctional statusActiveArchitect(s)Claus Lindstrømand Johan LindstrømArchitectural typeLong churchCompleted1960 (64 years ago) (1960)SpecificationsCapacity300MaterialsWood and concreteAdministrationDioceseBjørgvin bispedømmeDeaneryNordfjord prostiParishMidtgulenNorwegian Cultural Heritage SiteTypeChurchStatusNot protectedID85012
Svelgen Chapel (Norwegian: Svelgen kapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bremanger Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Svelgen, at the end of the Nordgulen fjord. It is one of the two churches for the Midtgulen parish which is part of the Nordfjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white concrete church was built in a long church style in 1960 by the architects Claus Lindstrøm and Johan Lindstrøm. The church seats about 300 people. There is no cemetery at the chapel site.
History
View of the chapel
Svelgen is the municipal center in Bremanger Municipality. It is an industrial site that grew up during the 20th century and it does not have any church history. The first church built in Svelgen was in 1960. Before this time, residents were part of the Midtgulen Church parish. The new chapel was designed by Johan Lindstrøm and his son Claus, who presumably completed the job after his father's death. The main contractor for the construction was G. and F. Hjelmeland. The chapel was consecrated on 9 October 1960 by Bishop Ragnvald Indrebø.
See also
List of churches in Bjørgvin
References
^ "Svelgen kapell". Kirkesøk: Kirkebyggdatabasen. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
^ "Oversikt over Nåværende Kirker" (in Norwegian). KirkeKonsulenten.no. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
^ Henden Aaraas, Margrethe; Vengen, Sigurd; Gjerde, Anders. "Svelgen kapell" (in Norwegian). Fylkesarkivet. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
^ "Svelgen kyrkjestad" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
^ "Svelgen kapell". Norges-Kirker.no (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 September 2021.
vteChurch of Norway churches in the Nordfjord prosti in Vestland county, Norway
Bremanger Municipality:
Berle
Bremanger
Davik
Frøya
Midtgulen
Svelgen
Rugsund
Ålfoten
Gloppen Municipality:
Breim
Gimmestad
Old Gimmestad
Hyen
Sandane
Vereide
Kinn Municipality:
Nord-Vågsøy
Sør-Vågsøy
Stad Municipality:
Eid
Ervik
Heggjabygda
Kjølsdalen
Leikanger
Selje
Stårheim
Totland
Stryn Municipality:
Innvik
Ljosheim
Loen
Nedstryn
Nordsida
Olden
Old Olden
Oppstryn
Randabygd
Utvik
Authority control databases: Artists
KulturNav
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Norwegian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_language"},{"link_name":"parish church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parish_church"},{"link_name":"Church of Norway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Norway"},{"link_name":"Bremanger Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremanger_Municipality"},{"link_name":"Vestland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestland"},{"link_name":"Norway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway"},{"link_name":"Svelgen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svelgen"},{"link_name":"Nordgulen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordgulen"},{"link_name":"parish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parish"},{"link_name":"Nordfjord prosti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordfjord_prosti"},{"link_name":"deanery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deanery"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Bjørgvin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Bj%C3%B8rgvin"},{"link_name":"long church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_church"},{"link_name":"architects","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architect"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Church in Vestland, NorwaySvelgen Chapel (Norwegian: Svelgen kapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bremanger Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Svelgen, at the end of the Nordgulen fjord. It is one of the two churches for the Midtgulen parish which is part of the Nordfjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white concrete church was built in a long church style in 1960 by the architects Claus Lindstrøm and Johan Lindstrøm. The church seats about 300 people. There is no cemetery at the chapel site.[1][2]","title":"Svelgen Chapel"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Svelgen_kapell_(2437211456).jpg"},{"link_name":"Bremanger Municipality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremanger_Municipality"},{"link_name":"Midtgulen Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midtgulen_Church"},{"link_name":"Ragnvald Indrebø","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnvald_Indreb%C3%B8"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFF-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-kms-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NK-5"}],"text":"View of the chapelSvelgen is the municipal center in Bremanger Municipality. It is an industrial site that grew up during the 20th century and it does not have any church history. The first church built in Svelgen was in 1960. Before this time, residents were part of the Midtgulen Church parish. The new chapel was designed by Johan Lindstrøm and his son Claus, who presumably completed the job after his father's death. The main contractor for the construction was G. and F. Hjelmeland. The chapel was consecrated on 9 October 1960 by Bishop Ragnvald Indrebø.[3][4][5]","title":"History"}]
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[{"image_text":"View of the chapel","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Svelgen_kapell_%282437211456%29.jpg/220px-Svelgen_kapell_%282437211456%29.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"List of churches in Bjørgvin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Bj%C3%B8rgvin"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Svelgen kapell\". Kirkesøk: Kirkebyggdatabasen. Retrieved 17 October 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://kirkesok.no/kirke/143800701","url_text":"\"Svelgen kapell\""}]},{"reference":"\"Oversikt over Nåværende Kirker\" (in Norwegian). KirkeKonsulenten.no. Retrieved 17 October 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.kirkekonsulenten.no/kirker.htm","url_text":"\"Oversikt over Nåværende Kirker\""}]},{"reference":"Henden Aaraas, Margrethe; Vengen, Sigurd; Gjerde, Anders. \"Svelgen kapell\" (in Norwegian). Fylkesarkivet. Retrieved 5 September 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://leksikon.fylkesarkivet.no/article/8f3a7421-04a5-42a1-aa41-62d950abce24/","url_text":"\"Svelgen kapell\""}]},{"reference":"\"Svelgen kyrkjestad\" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage. Retrieved 5 September 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.kulturminnesok.no/kulturminnesok/kulturminne/?LOK_ID=85012","url_text":"\"Svelgen kyrkjestad\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Directorate_for_Cultural_Heritage","url_text":"Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage"}]},{"reference":"\"Svelgen kapell\". Norges-Kirker.no (in Norwegian). Retrieved 5 September 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.norske-kirker.net/home/sogn-og-fjordane/svelgen-kapell/","url_text":"\"Svelgen kapell\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shirley_Temple_Show
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Shirley Temple's Storybook
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["1 Episode list","1.1 Season 1","1.2 Season 2","2 Book collections","3 Home media","4 Award nomination","5 References","6 External links"]
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This article is about Shirley Temple's television show. For her theatrical films, see Shirley Temple filmography.
American TV series or program
Shirley Temple's StorybookAlso known asThe Shirley Temple ShowShirley Temple TheatreDirected byWilliam CorriganBob HenryHarry HornerRichard MorrisRobert B. SinclairPresented byShirley TempleNarrated byShirley TempleComposersJack BrooksJerry LivingstonVic MizzyArthur MortonWalter ScharfVic SchoenCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons2No. of episodes41ProductionExecutive producerWilliam H. Brown Jr.ProducersWilliam AsherPaul BogartAlvin CoopermanCinematographyGert AndersenEditorHenry BatistaRunning time45–48 minutesProduction companyHenry Jaffe Enterprises Inc.Original releaseNetworkNBC (1958)ReleaseJanuary 12, 1958 (1958-01-12) –July 16, 1961 (1961-07-16)
Shirley Temple's Storybook is a 1958–61 American children's anthology series hosted and narrated by actress Shirley Temple. The series features adaptations of fairy tales like Mother Goose and other family-oriented stories performed by well-known actors, although one episode, an adaptation of Nathaniel Hawthorne's 1851 novel The House of the Seven Gables, was meant for older youngsters.
The first season of sixteen black-and-white and colored episodes aired on NBC between January 12 and December 21, 1958 as Shirley Temple's Storybook. Thirteen episodes of the first season re-ran on ABC beginning on January 12, 1959. The second season of twenty-five color episodes aired on NBC as The Shirley Temple Show between September 18, 1960 and July 16, 1961 in much the same format.
Episode list
Shirley Temple in the episode The Princess and the Goblins (1961)
Season 1
Episode #
Episode title
Original airdate
1-1
"Beauty and the Beast"
January 12, 1958
1-2
"Rumpelstiltskin"
February 2, 1958
1-3
"The Nightingale"
February 18, 1958
1-4
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"
March 5, 1958
1-5
"Dick Whittington and His Cat"
March 23, 1958
1-6
"The Land of Green Ginger"
April 18, 1958
1-7
"Rip Van Winkle"
May 6, 1958
1-8
"The Sleeping Beauty"
June 8, 1958
1-9
"The Little Lame Prince"
July 15, 1958
1-10
"The Magic Fishbone"
August 19, 1958
1-11
"The Wild Swans"
September 12, 1958
1-12
"Hiawatha"
October 13, 1958
1-13
"Rapunzel"
October 27, 1958
1-14
"Ali Baba and the 40 Thieves"
November 12, 1958
1-15
"The Emperor's New Clothes"
November 25, 1958
1-16
"Mother Goose"
December 21, 1958
C^ Episode was telecast in color.
L^ Live episode.
Season 2
Episode #
Episode title
Original airdate
2-1
"The Land of Oz"
September 18, 1960
2-2
"Kim"
September 25, 1960
2-3
"Winnie the Pooh"
October 2, 1960
2-4
"Tom and Huck"
October 9, 1960
2-5
"Madeline"
October 16, 1960
2-6
"Little Men"
October 23, 1960
2-7
"The Prince and the Pauper"
October 30, 1960
2-8
"Emmy Lou"
November 6, 1960
2-9
"The Reluctant Dragon"
November 13, 1960
2-10
"The Black Arrow"
November 27, 1960
2-11
"The Indian Captive"
December 4, 1960
2-12
"The House of Seven Gables"
December 11, 1960
2-13
"The Black Sheep"
December 18, 1960
2-14
"Babes in Toyland"
December 25, 1960
2-15
"Pippi Longstocking"
January 8, 1961
2-16
"King Midas"
January 15, 1961
2-17
"Rebel Gun"
January 22, 1961
2-18
"The Terrible Clockman"
January 29, 1961
2-19
"The Fawn"
February 5, 1961
2-20
"Onawandah"
February 12, 1961
2-21
"The Return of Long John Silver"
February 19, 1961
2-22
"The Little Mermaid"
March 5, 1961
2-23
"The Peg-leg Pirate of Sulu"
March 12, 1961
2-24
"The Princess and the Goblins"
March 19, 1961
2-25
"Two for the Road"
July 16, 1961
Book collections
Random House published three fairy tale collections under Temple's name based on the first season: Shirley Temple's Storybook (the complete season, except for "Hiawatha" and "Mother Goose," and including one additional story, "The Valiant Little Tailor"), Shirley Temple's Fairyland (selections from the first season), and Shirley Temple's Stories That Never Grow Old (selections from the first season). A fourth book, Shirley Temple's Favorite Tales of Long Ago (illustrated and published by Random House in 1958) includes "The Magic Fishbone", "The Nightingale", "The Valiant Little Tailor", and "The Little Lame Prince".
Home media
The full series anthology has not been released, however selected episodes of the second season were released on Region 1 DVD in 2006. First Run Video released all sixteen of the first-season episodes, all in black and white, on VHS tapes in 1989. Wood Knapp Video re-released thirteen of the episodes from the first season in extended play speed on VHS tape. The episodes were "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves", "Hiawatha", "The Land of Green Ginger", "The Magic Fishbone", "The Nightingale", "Rapunzel", "The Emperor's New Clothes", "The Little Lame Prince", "Mother Goose", "Rip Van Winkle", "The Sleeping Beauty", "The Wild Swans", and "Dick Wittington and His Cat".
Award nomination
Year
Award
Result
Category
1961
Primetime Emmy Award
Nominated
Outstanding Achievement in the Field of Children's Programming
References
Children's literature portal
^ Scott, Vernon (1959-01-12). "Shirley's Show Proves to Be Just Too Costly". The Bend Bulletin. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
^ Woolery, George W. (1985). Children's Television: The First Thirty-Five Years, 1946-1981, Part II: Live, Film, and Tape Series. The Scarecrow Press. pp. 452–453. ISBN 0-8108-1651-2.
^ Windeler, Robert (1978). The Films of Shirley Temple. New York: Carol Publishing Group. p. 255. ISBN 0-8065-0725-X.
^ "Shirley Temple's Storybook". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. 1958-01-11. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
^ Wolters, Larry (1958-01-13). "WHERE TO DIAL TODAY". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
^ "SHIRLEY TEMPLE TAKES A TV ROLE; Hostess of 'Storybook' Show Will Play Part March 5 -Niven Acquires Script". The New York Times. February 13, 1958. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
^ Lambert, David (2006-04-23). "Shirley Temple's Storybook DVD release". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on 2012-10-10. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
External links
Shirley Temple's Storybook at IMDb
Shirley Temple's Storybook at CVTA
vteShirley Temple
Filmography
Songs
"On the Good Ship Lollipop"
"Animal Crackers in My Soup"
"Goodnight My Love"
Related
John Agar (first husband)
Charles Alden Black (second husband)
Lori Black (daughter)
Shirley Temple, The Youngest, Most Sacred Monster of the Cinema in Her Time
Shirley Temple's Storybook
Shirley Temple (drink)
Baby Burlesks
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staerkel_Planetarium
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Staerkel Planetarium
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["1 History","2 Equipment","2.1 Zeiss Model M1015","2.2 Other equipment","3 Lobby attractions","3.1 Solar window","3.2 “Cosmic Blink”","4 Shows and schedule","5 References","6 External links"]
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Coordinates: 40°07′56″N 88°17′28″W / 40.132289°N 88.291218°W / 40.132289; -88.291218 (Staerkel Planetarium)Planetarium at Parkland College in Champaign, Illinois
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William M. Staerkel PlanetariumExterior of the William M. Staerkel PlanetariumGeneral informationTypePlanetariumAddress2400 W Bradley AveTown or cityChampaignCountryUnited StatesOpened1987AffiliationParkland CollegeWebsitewww.parkland.edu/planetarium
The William M. Staerkel Planetarium is a planetarium at Parkland College in Champaign, Illinois. It is the second largest planetarium in the state, the largest being the Adler Planetarium in Chicago, and has the first Carl Zeiss M1015 opto-mechanical star projector installed in the western hemisphere. The Staerkel Planetarium provides science education programs and light show entertainment to as many as 40,000 people each year. It has a 50-foot dome, seats 144, and private group and school show reservations can be made beyond the regular public offerings.
Public shows are every Friday and Saturday evenings. Aside from their regular star shows, the planetarium also hosts a lecture series the first Friday of every month.
The planetarium is named after Parkland College's founding president, who led the college for the first 20 years.
History
“The dream started a long time ago. It began when a group of us, faculty members and administrators together, sat down to develop the specifications for a new college then unbuilt and of course unnamed. Since a basic function of education is to transmit the cultural heritage of a people, we were concerned that the new college would be ideally designed to help teachers accomplish that purpose.
“Now over 20 years later the College continues to mature and develop, we see the dream realized with the dedication of Parkland’s Cultural Center. This is indeed a joyful occasion. To see our dreams come true after all these years gives us a wonderful feeling of pride and satisfaction as we look at this latest addition to this remarkable institution of higher education.”
— William M. Staerkel, in a letter written for the October 1st 1987 dedication
The William M. Staerkel Planetarium at Parkland College, built as part of the college's cultural center, was planned and designed in the late sixties as part of Phase V in the construction of Parkland College's campus. The cultural center was divided into two parts, the theatre and the planetarium, which together cost an estimated $4.2 million to build. (News-Gazette)
The planetarium was named after Parkland College's founding president, who led the college for the first 20 years of its life, during the dedication on 1987-10-01. The planetarium officially opened to the public on 1987-10-22.
Equipment
Zeiss Model M1015
The William M. Staerkel Planetarium's Zeiss M1015
The Planetarium uses the Zeiss Model M1015 star projector, manufactured by Carl Zeiss, Inc. of Germany. It is the first of its kind to be installed anywhere in the world. It projects 7,600 stars down to magnitude 6, 25 star clusters and nebulae, the sun, moon, and the five planets visible to the human eye. The Zeiss can show the daily motions of the sky, the sun, the moon, and the positions of the stars on almost any given day, as well as various astronomical grids and scales. Auxiliary equipment allows projection of rainbows, clouds, solar and lunar eclipses, rotating galaxies, double star systems, and varied constellations.
Other equipment
It also consists of its dome, automation, sound and film systems, and projection equipment. The planetarium's projection dome is 50 feet in diameter and at its highest point is 31 feet from the floor of the theater. It consists of perforated aluminum panels that are held together with 7,000 rivets and has approximately 43 million holes in its surface. This allows for acoustic integrity and the placement of effects and speakers behind the dome to be seen or heard throughout the dome.
The William M. Staerkel Planetarium uses a specialized automation computer, the MC-10 Media Controller, to automate shows using programmable disks. The MC-10 Media Controller can operate either independently or in conjunction with audio tapes. The Staerkel Planetarium's sound system includes a recording studio and a playback system made up of twelve speakers and two sub-bass enclosures located behind the projection dome. The Staerkel Planetarium has the capability of showing 35mm films and can project an image over more than one-third of the dome surface area. And, in addition to the star projector at the center of the theatre, the planetarium uses 57 carousel slide projectors that can show panoramas to cover the entire dome as well as three CRT projectors which allow for the projection of videos and special effects.
Lobby attractions
Solar window
The solar window is a gift given in August 1987 by Dr. and Mrs. William M. Staerkel in memory of their parents and as a tribute to the dedicated Parkland College faculty and staff. The solar window, created by artist Arthur Stern, is an abstract representation of the changing daily path of the sun across the sky, from June (top), when the sun is highest and daylight is longest, to December (bottom), when the sun is lowest and daylight is shortest, and back to June. When the sun shines through the window, embedded prisms split the sunlight into its component colors and cast small rainbow-like patterns called spectra inside the building. These spectral colors are repeated in the colors of the windows. As the rotation of the earth makes the sun appear to travel in its daily arc, the patterns of colors cast by the window and the prisms slowly changes position with the changing position of the sun.
“Cosmic Blink”
“Cosmic Blink”, the mural gracing the lobby of the William M. Staerkel Planetarium, is the result of an idea that came to Dr. Staerkel in the spring of 1985 and later monetary donations to the Parkland College Foundation. Painted by Billy Morrow Jackson, artist in residence at the University of Illinois, the mural depicts the timelessness of mankind's quest to understand the universe. Celestial objects, constellation figures invented by our ancestors, space-age mechanical explorers and the images then beamed back to us, and the intellectual giants whose investigations peeled away layers of the unknown all are represented in the mural. Jackson pays homage to the continuing, local nature of the quest through inclusion of Dr. Staerkel and representative Parkland students and faculty.
Shows and schedule
In addition to planetarium shows for schools and the community, outreach services are also offered to schools, libraries, and civic groups. Public shows are held on most Friday and Saturday evenings except for holidays, including late night rock-n-roll light shows featuring the planetarium's 3,000 watt sound system.
The Staerkel Planetarium also offer science lectures on the first Friday of each month during Parkland College's Spring (February, March, and April) and Fall (October, November, and December) semesters, as part of the World of Science Lecture Series.
The planetarium also occasionally hosts live music performances from avant-garde groups such as Stars of the Lid.
References
^ Heckel, Jodi. "Staerkel Planetarium's new show geared toward adults". The News Gazette. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
^ Elisa Drake (17 June 2014). DAY TRIPS FROM CHICAGO: GETAWAY IDE 2ED. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-4930-1054-7.
^ "About The STAERKEL PLANETARIUM". Parkland College. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
^ http://media.www.prospectusnews.com/features/staerkel-planetarium-the-best-little-known-planetarium-in-illinois-1.2116158
^ "Stars of the Lid Tonight at Staerkel Planetarium - Music - Smile Politely, Speak Directly. — A Champaign-Urbana Culture Blog". Archived from the original on 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
External links
Official website
Champaign County Astronomical Society
40°07′56″N 88°17′28″W / 40.132289°N 88.291218°W / 40.132289; -88.291218 (Staerkel Planetarium)
vteCity of ChampaignPeople
List of people from Champaign
History and government
Burnham Athenaeum
Cattle Bank
Champaign City Building
Champaign Public Library
Construction of Assembly Hall
First Presbyterian Church
Illinois Traction Building
Inman Hotel
Lincoln Building
Orpheum Theatre
Stone Arch Bridge
U.S. Post Office
Vriner's Confectionery
Education
Centennial High School
Champaign Central High School
Judah Christian School
St. Thomas More High School
Parkland College
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Cultural places and events
Boneyard Creek
Campustown
Champaign Park District
Centennial Park
Dodds Park
Champaign Swarm (MPBA)
Ebertfest: Roger Ebert's Film Festival
Illinois Marathon
JSM Challenger of Champaign–Urbana
Krannert Art Museum
Market Place Mall
Orpheum Children's Science Museum
Staerkel Planetarium
State Farm Center
Virginia Theatre
UIUC Main Library
Public transportation
Champaign County Area Rural Transit System
Champaign–Urbana Mass Transit District
Illinois Terminal
University of Illinois Willard Airport
Interstates and highways
Interstate 57
Interstate 72
Interstate 74
U.S. Route 45
U.S. Route 150
Illinois Route 10
Category
Commons
|
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Staerkel Planetarium is a planetarium at Parkland College in Champaign, Illinois.[2] It is the second largest planetarium in the state, the largest being the Adler Planetarium in Chicago, and has the first Carl Zeiss M1015 opto-mechanical star projector installed in the western hemisphere.[3] The Staerkel Planetarium provides science education programs and light show entertainment to as many as 40,000 people each year. It has a 50-foot dome, seats 144, and private group and school show reservations can be made beyond the regular public offerings.[4]Public shows are every Friday and Saturday evenings. Aside from their regular star shows, the planetarium also hosts a lecture series the first Friday of every month.The planetarium is named after Parkland College's founding president, who led the college for the first 20 years.","title":"Staerkel Planetarium"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Parkland College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkland_College_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"News-Gazette","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_News-Gazette_(Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana)"}],"text":"“The dream started a long time ago. It began when a group of us, faculty members and administrators together, sat down to develop the specifications for a new college then unbuilt and of course unnamed. Since a basic function of education is to transmit the cultural heritage of a people, we were concerned that the new college would be ideally designed to help teachers accomplish that purpose.“Now over 20 years later the College continues to mature and develop, we see the dream realized with the dedication of Parkland’s Cultural Center. This is indeed a joyful occasion. To see our dreams come true after all these years gives us a wonderful feeling of pride and satisfaction as we look at this latest addition to this remarkable institution of higher education.”— William M. Staerkel, in a letter written for the October 1st 1987 dedicationThe William M. Staerkel Planetarium at Parkland College, built as part of the college's cultural center, was planned and designed in the late sixties as part of Phase V in the construction of Parkland College's campus. The cultural center was divided into two parts, the theatre and the planetarium, which together cost an estimated $4.2 million to build. (News-Gazette)The planetarium was named after Parkland College's founding president, who led the college for the first 20 years of its life, during the dedication on 1987-10-01. The planetarium officially opened to the public on 1987-10-22.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Equipment"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zeiss_Model_1015.jpg"},{"link_name":"Zeiss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeiss_projector"},{"link_name":"star projector","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_projector"},{"link_name":"Carl Zeiss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Zeiss"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20071031055034/http://www.parkland.edu/planetarium/ziess.html"},{"link_name":"magnitude","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparent_magnitude"},{"link_name":"star clusters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster"},{"link_name":"nebulae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulae"},{"link_name":"sun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun"},{"link_name":"moon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon"}],"sub_title":"Zeiss Model M1015","text":"The William M. Staerkel Planetarium's Zeiss M1015The Planetarium uses the Zeiss Model M1015 star projector, manufactured by Carl Zeiss, Inc. of Germany. It is the first of its kind to be installed anywhere in the world.[1] It projects 7,600 stars down to magnitude 6, 25 star clusters and nebulae, the sun, moon, and the five planets visible to the human eye. The Zeiss can show the daily motions of the sky, the sun, the moon, and the positions of the stars on almost any given day, as well as various astronomical grids and scales. Auxiliary equipment allows projection of rainbows, clouds, solar and lunar eclipses, rotating galaxies, double star systems, and varied constellations.","title":"Equipment"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"rivets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivets"},{"link_name":"carousel slide projectors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carousel_slide_projector"},{"link_name":"CRT projectors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRT_projector"}],"sub_title":"Other equipment","text":"It also consists of its dome, automation, sound and film systems, and projection equipment. The planetarium's projection dome is 50 feet in diameter and at its highest point is 31 feet from the floor of the theater. It consists of perforated aluminum panels that are held together with 7,000 rivets and has approximately 43 million holes in its surface. This allows for acoustic integrity and the placement of effects and speakers behind the dome to be seen or heard throughout the dome.The William M. Staerkel Planetarium uses a specialized automation computer, the MC-10 Media Controller, to automate shows using programmable disks. The MC-10 Media Controller can operate either independently or in conjunction with audio tapes. The Staerkel Planetarium's sound system includes a recording studio and a playback system made up of twelve speakers and two sub-bass enclosures located behind the projection dome. The Staerkel Planetarium has the capability of showing 35mm films and can project an image over more than one-third of the dome surface area. And, in addition to the star projector at the center of the theatre, the planetarium uses 57 carousel slide projectors that can show panoramas to cover the entire dome as well as three CRT projectors which allow for the projection of videos and special effects.","title":"Equipment"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Lobby attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Parkland College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkland_College_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Arthur Stern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Stern&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"sub_title":"Solar window","text":"The solar window is a gift given in August 1987 by Dr. and Mrs. William M. Staerkel in memory of their parents and as a tribute to the dedicated Parkland College faculty and staff. The solar window, created by artist Arthur Stern, is an abstract representation of the changing daily path of the sun across the sky, from June (top), when the sun is highest and daylight is longest, to December (bottom), when the sun is lowest and daylight is shortest, and back to June. When the sun shines through the window, embedded prisms split the sunlight into its component colors and cast small rainbow-like patterns called spectra inside the building. These spectral colors are repeated in the colors of the windows. As the rotation of the earth makes the sun appear to travel in its daily arc, the patterns of colors cast by the window and the prisms slowly changes position with the changing position of the sun.","title":"Lobby attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Billy Morrow Jackson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Morrow_Jackson"},{"link_name":"University of Illinois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Illinois"}],"sub_title":"“Cosmic Blink”","text":"“Cosmic Blink”, the mural gracing the lobby of the William M. Staerkel Planetarium, is the result of an idea that came to Dr. Staerkel in the spring of 1985 and later monetary donations to the Parkland College Foundation. Painted by Billy Morrow Jackson, artist in residence at the University of Illinois, the mural depicts the timelessness of mankind's quest to understand the universe. Celestial objects, constellation figures invented by our ancestors, space-age mechanical explorers and the images then beamed back to us, and the intellectual giants whose investigations peeled away layers of the unknown all are represented in the mural. Jackson pays homage to the continuing, local nature of the quest through inclusion of Dr. Staerkel and representative Parkland students and faculty.","title":"Lobby attractions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Stars of the Lid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars_of_the_Lid"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"In addition to planetarium shows for schools and the community, outreach services are also offered to schools, libraries, and civic groups. Public shows are held on most Friday and Saturday evenings except for holidays, including late night rock-n-roll light shows featuring the planetarium's 3,000 watt sound system.The Staerkel Planetarium also offer science lectures on the first Friday of each month during Parkland College's Spring (February, March, and April) and Fall (October, November, and December) semesters, as part of the World of Science Lecture Series.The planetarium also occasionally hosts live music performances from avant-garde groups such as Stars of the Lid.[5]","title":"Shows and schedule"}]
|
[{"image_text":"The William M. Staerkel Planetarium's Zeiss M1015","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Zeiss_Model_1015.jpg/220px-Zeiss_Model_1015.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"Heckel, Jodi. \"Staerkel Planetarium's new show geared toward adults\". The News Gazette. Retrieved 9 December 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.news-gazette.com/news/staerkel-planetarium-s-new-show-geared-toward-adults/article_b133645d-6170-5e31-a7f0-65c5d176ce70.html","url_text":"\"Staerkel Planetarium's new show geared toward adults\""}]},{"reference":"Elisa Drake (17 June 2014). DAY TRIPS FROM CHICAGO: GETAWAY IDE 2ED. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-4930-1054-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=QJPHAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA123","url_text":"DAY TRIPS FROM CHICAGO: GETAWAY IDE 2ED"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4930-1054-7","url_text":"978-1-4930-1054-7"}]},{"reference":"\"About The STAERKEL PLANETARIUM\". Parkland College. Retrieved 7 December 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.parkland.edu/Audience/Community-Business/Parkland-Presents/Planetarium/About","url_text":"\"About The STAERKEL PLANETARIUM\""}]},{"reference":"\"Stars of the Lid Tonight at Staerkel Planetarium - Music - Smile Politely, Speak Directly. — A Champaign-Urbana Culture Blog\". Archived from the original on 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2008-08-15.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081201125623/http://www.smilepolitely.com/music/2008/04/stars-of-the-lid-tonight-at-st.php","url_text":"\"Stars of the Lid Tonight at Staerkel Planetarium - Music - Smile Politely, Speak Directly. — A Champaign-Urbana Culture Blog\""},{"url":"http://www.smilepolitely.com/music/2008/04/stars-of-the-lid-tonight-at-st.php","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiasco_(novel)
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Fiasco (novel)
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["1 Plot summary","2 Interpretation","3 References","4 External links"]
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1986 novel by Stanislaw Lem
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Fiasco First published edition (Germany)AuthorStanisław LemOriginal titleFiaskoTranslatorMichael KandelLanguageGerman (First published)GenreScience fictionPublisherFischer Verlag (Germany)Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
(Eng. trans.)Publication date1986Publication placeGermany (first published)Published in EnglishMay 1987Media typePrint (Hardback & Paperback)Pages336ISBN0-15-630630-1OCLC17896549
Fiasco (Polish: Fiasko) is a science fiction novel by Polish author Stanisław Lem, first published in a German translation in 1986. The book, published in Poland the following year and translated into English by Michael Kandel in the same year, is a further elaboration of Lem's skepticism: in Lem's opinion, the difficulty in communication with extraterrestrial intelligence (the main theme of the novel) is more likely cultural disparity rather than spatial distance. It was nominated for the Arthur C. Clarke Award.
The novel was written on order from publisher S. Fischer Verlag around the time Lem was emigrating from Poland due to the introduction of martial law. Lem stated that this was the only occasion he wrote something upon publisher's request, accepting an advance for a nonexistent novel.
Plot summary
At a base on Saturn's moon Titan, a young spaceship pilot Parvis sets out in a strider (a mecha-like machine) to find several missing people, among them Pirx (the spaceman appearing in Lem's Tales of Pirx the Pilot). Parvis ventures to the dangerous geyser region, where the others were lost. Unfortunately, he suffers an accident. Seeing no way to get out of the machine and return to safety, he triggers a built-in cryogenic device.
An expedition is sent to a distant star in order to make first contact with a civilization that may have been detected. It is set more than a century after the prologue, when a starship is built in Titan's orbit. This future society is described as globally unified and peaceful with high regard for success. During starship preparations, the geyser region is cleared, and the frozen bodies are discovered. They are exhumed and taken aboard, to be awakened, if possible, during the voyage. However, only one of them can be revived (or more precisely, pieced together from the organs of several of them) with a high likelihood of success. The identity of the man is unclear; it has been narrowed to two men (whose last names begin with 'P'). It is never revealed whether he is in fact Pirx or Parvis (and he seems to have amnesia). In his new life, he adopts the name Tempe.
The explorer spaceship Eurydika (Eurydice) first travels to a black hole near the Beta Harpiae to perform maneuvers to minimize the effects of time dilation. Before closing on the event horizon, the Eurydice launches the Hermes, a smaller explorer ship, which continues to Beta Harpiae.
Approaching the planet Quinta, which exhibits signs of harboring intelligent life, the crew of the Hermes attempts to establish contact with the denizens of the planet, who, contrary to the expectations of the mission's crewmen, are strangely unwilling to communicate. The crew reaches the conclusion that there is a Cold War-like state on the planet's surface and throughout the planetary system, halting the locals' industrial development.
The crew of the Hermes assumes that the Quintan civilisation is inevitably doomed to collapse in mutual assured destruction. They try to force the aliens to engage contact by means of an event impossible to hide by the aliens' governments: staging the implosion of their moon. Surprisingly, just before impact, several of the deployed rockets are destroyed by missiles of the Quintans, undermining the symmetry of the implosion which causes fragments of the moon to be thrown clear, some impacting the planet's surface.
However, even this cataclysm does not drive the locals to engage with their alien visitors, so the crewmen deploy a device working as a giant lens or laser, capable of displaying images (but also concentrating beams to the point of being a powerful weapon). Following a suggestion by Tempe, they show the Quintans a "fairy tale" by projecting a cartoon onto Quinta's clouds. At last, the Quintans contact the Hermes and make arrangements for a meeting. The humans do not trust the Quintans, so to gauge the Quintans' intentions, they send a smaller replica of the Hermes which is destroyed shortly before landing. The humans retaliate by firing their laser on the ice ring around the planet, shattering it and sending chunks falling on the planet.
Finally, the Quintans are forced to receive an 'ambassador', who is Tempe; the Quintans are warned that the projecting device will be used to destroy the planet if the man should fail to report back his continued safety. After landing, Tempe discovers that there is no trace of anyone at the landing site. After investigating a peculiar structure nearby, he finds a strange-looking mound, which he opens with a small shovel. To his horror, he notices that in his distracted state he has allowed the allotted time to expire without signaling his crewmates. As the planet is engulfed by fiery destruction at the hands of those who were sent to establish contact with its denizens, Tempe finally realizes what the Quintans are. However, he has no time to share his discovery with the others (or with the reader).
Interpretation
The book is the fifth in Lem's series of pessimistic first contact scenarios, after Eden, Solaris, The Invincible, and His Master's Voice.
According to critic Paul Delany:
Fiasco will come to be regarded as one of the great SF novels... It is a remarkable achievement, even for Lem; for us, it is a most moving experience.
References
^ "Fiasco". official Lem Website. lem.pl. Archived from the original on 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
^ Delany, Paul. "Review for Fiasco". The New York Times Review of Books. Retrieved April 5, 2017 – via Official website of Stanislaw Lem.
External links
Fiasco title listing at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
vteWorks by Stanisław LemNovels
The Man from Mars (1946)
Time Not Lost
Hospital of the Transfiguration (1948)
The Astronauts (1951)
The Magellanic Cloud (1955)
The Investigation (1959)
Eden (1959)
Return from the Stars (1961)
Solaris (1961)
Memoirs Found in a Bathtub (1961)
The Invincible (1964)
Highcastle (1966)
His Master's Voice (1968)
The Futurological Congress (1971)
Professor A. Dońda (1973)
The Chain of Chance (1975)
Golem XIV (1981)
Observation on the Spot (1982)
Fiasco (1986)
Peace on Earth (1987)
Short stories
"End of the World at Eight O'Clock" (1947)
The Star Diaries (1957)
"The Hunt " (1950s)
"Terminus" (1961)
"Lymphater's Formula" (1961)
Fables for Robots (1964)
The Cyberiad (1965)
Tales of Pirx the Pilot (1966)
"The Mask" (1974)
Major essays
Dialogs (1957)
Summa Technologiae (1964)
The Philosophy of Chance (1968)
Science Fiction and Futurology (1970)
Microworlds (1984)
Pseudepigraphy
A Perfect Vacuum (1971)
Imaginary Magnitude (1973)
One Human Minute (1986)
Plays
Korzenie (1940s)
Do You Exist, Mr. Jones? (1955)
Faithful Robot (1961)
AdaptationsFilms
The Silent Star (1960)
Voyage to the End of the Universe (1963)
Solaris (1968)
Roly Poly (1968)
Solaris (1972)
Hospital of the Transfiguration (1978)
Inquest of Pilot Pirx (1979)
Victim of the Brain (1988)
Solaris (2002)
1 (2009)
Maska (2010)
The Congress (2013)
His Master's Voice (2018)
TV
The Adventures of Pirx (1973)
Ijon Tichy: Space Pilot (2007)
Fear of a Bot Planet (1999)
End of the World at Eight O'Clock (2015)
Other
Cyberiada (opera)
Solaris (2019 play)
The Invincible (video game) (2023)
Characters
Ijon Tichy
Pilot Pirx
Professor Tarantoga
Mad scientists
A. Dońda, A. Lymphater
Lem's robots
Trurl and Klapaucius, Terminus
LemologyPeople
Stanisław Bereś
Konstantin Dushenko
Michael Kandel
Daniel Mróz
Wojciech Orliński
Franz Rottensteiner
Peter Swirski
Works
A Stanislaw Lem Reader
Correspondence of Lem
Rozmowy ze Stanisławem Lemem
Other
Honors bestowed on Lem
Neologisms of Stanisław Lem
Sepulka
Lem's Law
Works about Lem
Year of Lem
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Polish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_language"},{"link_name":"science fiction","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fiction"},{"link_name":"Stanisław Lem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem"},{"link_name":"Michael Kandel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kandel"},{"link_name":"communication with extraterrestrial intelligence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_with_extraterrestrial_intelligence"},{"link_name":"cultural disparity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_conflict"},{"link_name":"Arthur C. Clarke Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke_Award"},{"link_name":"S. Fischer Verlag","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._Fischer_Verlag"},{"link_name":"Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"martial law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Fiasco (Polish: Fiasko) is a science fiction novel by Polish author Stanisław Lem, first published in a German translation in 1986. The book, published in Poland the following year and translated into English by Michael Kandel in the same year, is a further elaboration of Lem's skepticism: in Lem's opinion, the difficulty in communication with extraterrestrial intelligence (the main theme of the novel) is more likely cultural disparity rather than spatial distance. It was nominated for the Arthur C. Clarke Award.The novel was written on order from publisher S. Fischer Verlag around the time Lem was emigrating from Poland due to the introduction of martial law. Lem stated that this was the only occasion he wrote something upon publisher's request, accepting an advance for a nonexistent novel.[1]","title":"Fiasco (novel)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Saturn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn"},{"link_name":"Titan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(moon)"},{"link_name":"mecha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecha"},{"link_name":"Pirx","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirx"},{"link_name":"Tales of Pirx the Pilot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tales_of_Pirx_the_Pilot"},{"link_name":"geyser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser"},{"link_name":"cryogenic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic"},{"link_name":"first contact","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_contact_(science_fiction)"},{"link_name":"amnesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesia"},{"link_name":"Eurydice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurydice"},{"link_name":"black hole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole"},{"link_name":"time dilation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation"},{"link_name":"event horizon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_horizon"},{"link_name":"Hermes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermes"},{"link_name":"Cold War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War"},{"link_name":"mutual assured destruction","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_assured_destruction"},{"link_name":"laser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser"},{"link_name":"fairy tale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairy_tale"},{"link_name":"cartoon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoon"}],"text":"At a base on Saturn's moon Titan, a young spaceship pilot Parvis sets out in a strider (a mecha-like machine) to find several missing people, among them Pirx (the spaceman appearing in Lem's Tales of Pirx the Pilot). Parvis ventures to the dangerous geyser region, where the others were lost. Unfortunately, he suffers an accident. Seeing no way to get out of the machine and return to safety, he triggers a built-in cryogenic device.An expedition is sent to a distant star in order to make first contact with a civilization that may have been detected. It is set more than a century after the prologue, when a starship is built in Titan's orbit. This future society is described as globally unified and peaceful with high regard for success. During starship preparations, the geyser region is cleared, and the frozen bodies are discovered. They are exhumed and taken aboard, to be awakened, if possible, during the voyage. However, only one of them can be revived (or more precisely, pieced together from the organs of several of them) with a high likelihood of success. The identity of the man is unclear; it has been narrowed to two men (whose last names begin with 'P'). It is never revealed whether he is in fact Pirx or Parvis (and he seems to have amnesia). In his new life, he adopts the name Tempe.The explorer spaceship Eurydika (Eurydice) first travels to a black hole near the Beta Harpiae to perform maneuvers to minimize the effects of time dilation. Before closing on the event horizon, the Eurydice launches the Hermes, a smaller explorer ship, which continues to Beta Harpiae.Approaching the planet Quinta, which exhibits signs of harboring intelligent life, the crew of the Hermes attempts to establish contact with the denizens of the planet, who, contrary to the expectations of the mission's crewmen, are strangely unwilling to communicate. The crew reaches the conclusion that there is a Cold War-like state on the planet's surface and throughout the planetary system, halting the locals' industrial development.The crew of the Hermes assumes that the Quintan civilisation is inevitably doomed to collapse in mutual assured destruction. They try to force the aliens to engage contact by means of an event impossible to hide by the aliens' governments: staging the implosion of their moon. Surprisingly, just before impact, several of the deployed rockets are destroyed by missiles of the Quintans, undermining the symmetry of the implosion which causes fragments of the moon to be thrown clear, some impacting the planet's surface.However, even this cataclysm does not drive the locals to engage with their alien visitors, so the crewmen deploy a device working as a giant lens or laser, capable of displaying images (but also concentrating beams to the point of being a powerful weapon). Following a suggestion by Tempe, they show the Quintans a \"fairy tale\" by projecting a cartoon onto Quinta's clouds. At last, the Quintans contact the Hermes and make arrangements for a meeting. The humans do not trust the Quintans, so to gauge the Quintans' intentions, they send a smaller replica of the Hermes which is destroyed shortly before landing. The humans retaliate by firing their laser on the ice ring around the planet, shattering it and sending chunks falling on the planet.Finally, the Quintans are forced to receive an 'ambassador', who is Tempe; the Quintans are warned that the projecting device will be used to destroy the planet if the man should fail to report back his continued safety. After landing, Tempe discovers that there is no trace of anyone at the landing site. After investigating a peculiar structure nearby, he finds a strange-looking mound, which he opens with a small shovel. To his horror, he notices that in his distracted state he has allowed the allotted time to expire without signaling his crewmates. As the planet is engulfed by fiery destruction at the hands of those who were sent to establish contact with its denizens, Tempe finally realizes what the Quintans are. However, he has no time to share his discovery with the others (or with the reader).","title":"Plot summary"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"first contact","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_contact_(science_fiction)"},{"link_name":"Eden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden_(Lem_novel)"},{"link_name":"Solaris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(novel)"},{"link_name":"The Invincible","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Invincible"},{"link_name":"His Master's Voice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His_Master%27s_Voice_(novel)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"The book is the fifth in Lem's series of pessimistic first contact scenarios, after Eden, Solaris, The Invincible, and His Master's Voice.According to critic Paul Delany:Fiasco will come to be regarded as one of the great SF novels... It is a remarkable achievement, even for Lem; for us, it is a most moving experience.[2]","title":"Interpretation"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Fiasco\". official Lem Website. lem.pl. Archived from the original on 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2011-12-02.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111006150708/http://english.lem.pl/index.php/works/novels/fiasco","url_text":"\"Fiasco\""},{"url":"http://english.lem.pl/index.php/works/novels/fiasco","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Delany, Paul. \"Review for Fiasco\". The New York Times Review of Books. Retrieved April 5, 2017 – via Official website of Stanislaw Lem.","urls":[{"url":"http://english.lem.pl/index.php/works/novels/fiasco/61-critics-opinion","url_text":"\"Review for Fiasco\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times","url_text":"The New York Times"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/17896549","external_links_name":"17896549"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111006150708/http://english.lem.pl/index.php/works/novels/fiasco","external_links_name":"\"Fiasco\""},{"Link":"http://english.lem.pl/index.php/works/novels/fiasco","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://english.lem.pl/index.php/works/novels/fiasco/61-critics-opinion","external_links_name":"\"Review for Fiasco\""},{"Link":"https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?186660","external_links_name":"Fiasco"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_and_Youth_Affairs_Bureau
|
Home and Youth Affairs Bureau
|
["1 Responsibilities","2 External links"]
|
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Home and Youth Affairs Bureau" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Home and Youth Affairs Bureau民政及青年事務局 Hong Kong Government AgencyHome and Youth Affairs Bureau LogoSecretaryAlice MakUnderSecretaryClarence LeungPermanentSecretaryShirley LamPoliticalAssistantGordon CheungAgency InformationEstablishment1997 (Home Affairs Bureau)2022 (re-organization)AffiliationChief Secretary for AdministrationContactWebsiteOfficial Website
Politics and government of Hong Kong
Laws
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Executive
Chief Executive: John Lee
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Principal officials
Chief Secretary: Eric Chan
Financial Secretary: Paul Chan
Secretary for Justice: Paul Lam
Executive Council
Convenor: Regina Ip
Government Secretariat and Government agencies
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Related topics CultureEconomyEducationGeographyHistory Hong Kong portalvte
Home and Youth Affairs BureauTraditional Chinese民政及青年事務局Simplified Chinese民政及青年事务局TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinMínzhèng Jí Qīngnián Shìwù JúYue: CantoneseYale RomanizationMàhnjing kahp Chīngnìhn Sihmouh GúkJyutpingMan4 zing3 kap6 cing1 nin4 si6 mou6 guk6
The Home and Youth Affairs Bureau (Chinese: 民政及青年事務局) is one of the policy bureaux of the Hong Kong Government.
One of the important roles of the Home and Youth Affairs Bureau is to enhance liaison and communication with all sectors of the community including the Legislative Council and the general public.
Alice Mak became the Secretary for Home and Youth Affairs in 2022. Shirley Lam became the Permanent Secretary for Home and Youth Affairs in 2022.
Responsibilities
Home Affairs is responsible for policies such as:
Social Harmony and Civic Education
District, Community and Public Relations
Youth development
List of agencies linked to HAB:
Government Departments
Home Affairs Department
Information Services Department
External links
Home and Youth Affairs Bureau official website
vte Government of Hong Kong
Executive Council
Government Secretariat
Government agencies
Bureaus
Civil Service
Commerce and Economic Development
Constitutional and Mainland Affairs
Development
Education
Environment and Ecology
Financial Services and the Treasury
Health
Home and Youth Affairs
Innovation, Technology and Industry
Justice
Labour and Welfare
Security
Transport and Logistics
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Culture, Sports and Tourism
Departments
Administration
Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation
Architectural Services
Buildings
Census and Statistics
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Government Flying Service
Government Laboratory
Government Logistics
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Health
Highways
Home Affairs
Housing
Immigration
Information Technology
Information Services
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Innovation and Technology
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Labour
Land Registry
Lands
Legal Aid
Leisure and Cultural Services
Marine
Observatory
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Planning
Police
Post
Railways
Rating and Valuation
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Social Welfare
Tourism
Trade and Industry
Transport
Treasury
Water Supplies
Statutory agenciesor authorities
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Airport Authority
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Audit Commission
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Centre for Health Protection
Civil Aid Service
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Central bank
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Foreign relations
Foreign relations of Hong Kong
Statutory bodies in Hong Kong
Hong Kong Civil Service
Administrative Officer
vte Policy bureaux of the Hong Kong GovernmentGovernment SecretariatCurrent bureaux
Civil Service
Commerce and Economic Development
Constitutional and Mainland Affairs
Culture, Sports and Tourism
Development
Education
Environment and Ecology
Financial Services and the Treasury
Home and Youth Affairs
Housing
Innovation, Technology and Industry
Labour and Welfare
Health
Security
Transport and Logistics
Previous bureaux(after 1997)
Broadcasting, Culture and Sport
Commerce and Industry
Commerce, Industry and Technology
Constitutional Affairs
Economic Services
Economic Development and Labour
Education and Manpower
Environment and Food
Environment, Transport and Works
Finance
Health and Welfare
Health, Welfare and Food
Housing, Planning and Lands
Home Affairs
Information Technology and Broadcasting
Planning, Environment and Lands
Planning and Lands
Trade and Industry
Transport
Works
Transport and Housing
Food and Health
Innovation and Technology
vteHong Kong Home Affairs Bureau uniformed non-governmental organisations
Air Cadet Corps
Sea Cadet Corps
Adventure Corps
Scout Association
Girl Guides Association
Red Cross Youth League
St. John Ambulance
The Boys' Brigade
The Girls' Brigade
Road Safety Association
Award for Young People
Agency for Volunteer Service
Hong Kong Army Cadets Association
Auxiliary Medical Service Cadet Corps
vteHome and Youth Affairs BureauSecretary for Home and Youth Affairs: Alice Mak
Home Affairs Department
Information Services Department
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chinese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters"},{"link_name":"Hong Kong Government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government"},{"link_name":"Legislative Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong"},{"link_name":"Alice Mak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Mak_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Secretary for Home and Youth Affairs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_for_Home_and_Youth_Affairs"}],"text":"The Home and Youth Affairs Bureau (Chinese: 民政及青年事務局) is one of the policy bureaux of the Hong Kong Government.One of the important roles of the Home and Youth Affairs Bureau is to enhance liaison and communication with all sectors of the community including the Legislative Council and the general public.Alice Mak became the Secretary for Home and Youth Affairs in 2022. Shirley Lam became the Permanent Secretary for Home and Youth Affairs in 2022.","title":"Home and Youth Affairs Bureau"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Home Affairs Department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Affairs_Department"},{"link_name":"Information Services Department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Services_Department"}],"text":"Home Affairs is responsible for policies such as:Social Harmony and Civic Education\nDistrict, Community and Public Relations\nYouth developmentList of agencies linked to HAB:Government DepartmentsHome Affairs Department\nInformation Services Department","title":"Responsibilities"}]
|
[]
| null |
[]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Mortimer_Singer
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Mortimer Singer
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["1 Childhood and family","2 Later life","3 References"]
|
Anglo-American landowner, philanthropist and sportsman
Singer family monument in Torquay Cemetery
Sir Adam Mortimer Singer, KBE, JP (25 July 1863 – 24 June 1929) was an Anglo-American landowner, philanthropist, and sportsman. He was one of the earliest pilots in both France and the United Kingdom.
Childhood and family
Singer was born in 1863 in Yonkers, New York, to Isaac Singer, the founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company, and his wife Isabella Eugénie Boyer, a French model. He was the couple's first child, though Isaac had at least eighteen children by several previous wives and mistresses. Shortly after his birth, his parents moved from New York to Paris, and then, following the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, to Oldway Mansion in Devon, England.
His father died in 1875 and the children, with their mother, inherited substantial wealth of 13 million dollars. He was the eldest of Isabella's children; he had three brothers and two sisters. Of these, his sister Winnaretta married into the French nobility and became a patron of the arts, while his brother Washington was a philanthropist and racehorse owner.
Singer matriculated at Downing College, Cambridge, in October 1881; his younger brother, Paris, would later study for a brief period at Caius College. Singer left the university without taking a degree. While originally born an American citizen, he was naturalised as a British subject in 1900.
He married Mary Maund in 1888, daughter of John Oxley of Maldon, Yorkshire. Secondly, he married Aline Madeline Charlotte Pilavione in 1913, daughter of Etienne of Biarritz. He left the bulk of his assets to his widow Aline, but it appears he had no children.
Later life
Singer's first passion was thoroughbred horses, which he began breeding and racing in 1881. He was also a keen sportsman and a pioneer in the early development of cycling, driving, and flying in Europe. In January 1910, aged 46, he became the twenty-fourth person in France to hold a pilot's certificate from the Aéro-Club de France, and in May the eighth person in the United Kingdom to hold one from the Royal Aero Club.
In the following years, he offered a series of awards for the development of British aviation, including a £500 bounty for the first practical British-built amphibious aircraft, won by the Sopwith Bat Boat in 1913.
Singer later adopted the lifestyle of the traditional landed gentry, acquiring a country estate called Milton Hill at Milton in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire), and an apartment in central Mayfair. Two days after the outbreak of the First World War, he offered the recently rebuilt house at Milton Hill as a military hospital for soldiers and NCOs. It grew to a 220-bed facility, the largest of the privately run wartime hospitals, and treated over 4,500 men. Until the 1918 influenza pandemic, it had only had one death among its patients. Singer and his brother Washington underwrote the entire operating costs of the hospital, and Singer worked throughout the war as its chief administrator. His wife worked as matron-in-chief, and she was actively engaged in nursing and massage.
After the war, Singer became a Justice of the Peace and was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In 1921, he served as the High Sheriff of Berkshire. He was on the governing body of Abingdon School from 1923 to 1924.
He died in June 1929, leaving an estate of almost £500,000.
References
^ a b c d "Singer, Adam Mortimer (SNGR881AM)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^ "Singer, Eugene Paris (SNGR885EP)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^ SINGER, Sir Mortimer, Who Was Who
^ Mortimer Singer profile, aviatechno.free.fr; accessed 22 June 2014. (in French)
^ Flight (magazine), 12 July 1913, pg. 762.
^ "Milton Hill Section Hospital", North Berks Herald, 1 February 1919. Copy at aaahs.org.uk; accessed 24 June 2014.
^ "No. 32254". The London Gazette. 11 March 1921. p. 1994.
^ "School Notes" (PDF). The Abingdonian.
^ National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966.
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Singer_grave.jpg"},{"link_name":"Torquay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torquay"},{"link_name":"KBE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire"},{"link_name":"JP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace"}],"text":"Singer family monument in Torquay CemeterySir Adam Mortimer Singer, KBE, JP (25 July 1863 – 24 June 1929) was an Anglo-American landowner, philanthropist, and sportsman. He was one of the earliest pilots in both France and the United Kingdom.","title":"Mortimer Singer"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Yonkers, New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York"},{"link_name":"Isaac Singer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Singer"},{"link_name":"Singer Sewing Machine Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Sewing_Machine_Company"},{"link_name":"Isabella Eugénie Boyer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Eug%C3%A9nie_Boyer"},{"link_name":"Franco-Prussian War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War"},{"link_name":"Oldway Mansion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldway_Mansion"},{"link_name":"Winnaretta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnaretta_Singer"},{"link_name":"French nobility","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_nobility"},{"link_name":"Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Singer"},{"link_name":"Downing College, Cambridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downing_College,_Cambridge"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Venn-1"},{"link_name":"Paris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Singer"},{"link_name":"Caius College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Venn-1"}],"text":"Singer was born in 1863 in Yonkers, New York, to Isaac Singer, the founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company, and his wife Isabella Eugénie Boyer, a French model. He was the couple's first child, though Isaac had at least eighteen children by several previous wives and mistresses. Shortly after his birth, his parents moved from New York to Paris, and then, following the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, to Oldway Mansion in Devon, England.His father died in 1875 and the children, with their mother, inherited substantial wealth of 13 million dollars. He was the eldest of Isabella's children; he had three brothers and two sisters. Of these, his sister Winnaretta married into the French nobility and became a patron of the arts, while his brother Washington was a philanthropist and racehorse owner.Singer matriculated at Downing College, Cambridge, in October 1881;[1] his younger brother, Paris, would later study for a brief period at Caius College.[2] Singer left the university without taking a degree. While originally born an American citizen, he was naturalised as a British subject in 1900.[1]He married Mary Maund in 1888, daughter of John Oxley of Maldon, Yorkshire. Secondly, he married Aline Madeline Charlotte Pilavione in 1913, daughter of Etienne of Biarritz. He left the bulk of his assets to his widow Aline, but it appears he had no children.","title":"Childhood and family"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"thoroughbred horses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoroughbred_horse"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Aéro-Club de France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A9ro-Club_de_France"},{"link_name":"Royal Aero Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Aero_Club"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"amphibious aircraft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibious_aircraft"},{"link_name":"Sopwith Bat Boat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith_Bat_Boat"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"landed gentry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landed_gentry"},{"link_name":"Milton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton,_Vale_of_White_Horse"},{"link_name":"Berkshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkshire"},{"link_name":"Oxfordshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxfordshire"},{"link_name":"Mayfair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayfair"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Venn-1"},{"link_name":"First World War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_World_War"},{"link_name":"1918 influenza pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_influenza_pandemic"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Justice of the Peace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_of_the_Peace"},{"link_name":"Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Venn-1"},{"link_name":"High Sheriff of Berkshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Berkshire"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Abingdon School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abingdon_School"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Singer's first passion was thoroughbred horses, which he began breeding and racing in 1881. He was also a keen sportsman and a pioneer in the early development of cycling, driving, and flying in Europe.[3] In January 1910, aged 46, he became the twenty-fourth person in France to hold a pilot's certificate from the Aéro-Club de France, and in May the eighth person in the United Kingdom to hold one from the Royal Aero Club.[4]In the following years, he offered a series of awards for the development of British aviation, including a £500 bounty for the first practical British-built amphibious aircraft, won by the Sopwith Bat Boat in 1913.[5]Singer later adopted the lifestyle of the traditional landed gentry, acquiring a country estate called Milton Hill at Milton in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire), and an apartment in central Mayfair.[1] Two days after the outbreak of the First World War, he offered the recently rebuilt house at Milton Hill as a military hospital for soldiers and NCOs. It grew to a 220-bed facility, the largest of the privately run wartime hospitals, and treated over 4,500 men. Until the 1918 influenza pandemic, it had only had one death among its patients. Singer and his brother Washington underwrote the entire operating costs of the hospital, and Singer worked throughout the war as its chief administrator. His wife worked as matron-in-chief, and she was actively engaged in nursing and massage.[6]After the war, Singer became a Justice of the Peace and was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.[1] In 1921, he served as the High Sheriff of Berkshire.[7] He was on the governing body of Abingdon School from 1923 to 1924.[8]He died in June 1929, leaving an estate of almost £500,000.[9]","title":"Later life"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Singer family monument in Torquay Cemetery","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Singer_grave.jpg/300px-Singer_grave.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Singer, Adam Mortimer (SNGR881AM)\". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.","urls":[{"url":"http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=SNGR881AM&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50","url_text":"\"Singer, Adam Mortimer (SNGR881AM)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Singer, Eugene Paris (SNGR885EP)\". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.","urls":[{"url":"http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=SNGR885EP&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50","url_text":"\"Singer, Eugene Paris (SNGR885EP)\""}]},{"reference":"\"No. 32254\". The London Gazette. 11 March 1921. p. 1994.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32254/page/1994","url_text":"\"No. 32254\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_London_Gazette","url_text":"The London Gazette"}]},{"reference":"\"School Notes\" (PDF). The Abingdonian.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.abingdon.org.uk/uploads/school/files/abingdonian/1924_March_V006_N011.pdf#page=1","url_text":"\"School Notes\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=SNGR881AM&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50","external_links_name":"\"Singer, Adam Mortimer (SNGR881AM)\""},{"Link":"http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=SNGR885EP&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50","external_links_name":"\"Singer, Eugene Paris (SNGR885EP)\""},{"Link":"http://ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U217123","external_links_name":"SINGER, Sir Mortimer"},{"Link":"http://aviatechno.free.fr/brevets/images_brevets.php?image=24","external_links_name":"Mortimer Singer profile"},{"Link":"http://www.aaahs.org.uk/","external_links_name":"aaahs.org.uk"},{"Link":"https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32254/page/1994","external_links_name":"\"No. 32254\""},{"Link":"https://www.abingdon.org.uk/uploads/school/files/abingdonian/1924_March_V006_N011.pdf#page=1","external_links_name":"\"School Notes\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbigniew_Wodecki
|
Zbigniew Wodecki
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["1 Early life and career","2 Health problems and death","3 Personal life","4 References","5 External links"]
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Zbigniew WodeckiBackground informationBorn(1950-05-06)6 May 1950Kraków, PolandDied22 May 2017(2017-05-22) (aged 67)Warsaw, PolandGenresPopOccupation(s)
Singer
musician
composer
actor
television presenter
Instrument(s)
Violin
trumpet
piano
Years active1968–2017Websitewww.wodecki.plMusical artist
Zbigniew Stanisław Wodecki (Polish pronunciation: ; 6 May 1950 – 22 May 2017) was a Polish singer, musician, composer, actor and TV presenter.
Early life and career
He was born on 6 May 1950 in Kraków, Poland. He started to play the violin at the age of five. He started collaborating with the Piwnica pod Baranami literary cabaret and singer Ewa Demarczyk in the late 1960s. As a singer, he debuted in 1972 at the National Festival of Polish Song in Opole. He is mostly known for the songs Chałupy Welcome To, Lubię wracać tam, gdzie byłem, Z Tobą chcę oglądać świat (a duet with Zdzisława Sośnicka) and Zacznij od Bacha, as well as the Polish versions of several soundtracks – Maya the Honey Bee and Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Movie. In the 1980s he performed in a cabaret with Zenon Laskowik . He appeared as one of the judges on the Polish version of Dancing with the Stars, Taniec z gwiazdami, during its first twelve seasons.
Considered one of the most popular singers of the 1970s and 1980s in Poland, he was awarded numerous awards for his artistic achievements including Best Debut Award at the Opole Music Festival in 1972, Journalists' Award at the Opole Music Festival in 1978, Special Award at the Opole Music Festival in 1991, 2 Fryderyk Awards in 2016 and a Golden Fryderyk Award in 2018, Silver Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis in 2011 and posthumously the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (2017).
Health problems and death
In 2014, Wodecki revealed that he had atrial fibrillation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. On 8 May 2017, the artist suffered a massive stroke, a complication from bypass surgery he had at a private clinic, on 5 May 2017, and was taken to intensive care at Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, where he died 13 days later of complications from the stroke.
Personal life
Wodecki and his wife, Krystyna, had three children. His family originated from Łaziska, Wodzisław County. He was an honorary citizen of Gmina Godów (Wodzisław County). He was known as an ally of the LGBT community.
References
^ "Zbigniew Wodecki: Byłem jednym z symboli peerelowskiej rozrywki". krakow.wyborcza.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 8 February 2023.
^ a b "Jak Zbigniew Wodecki został Pszczółką Mają". Polskie Radio. 24 November 2013. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
^ a b "Zbigniew Wodecki – Biografia – Muzyka". Wirtualna Polska. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
^ "Zbigniew Wodecki odznaczony Krzyżem Oficerskim Orderu Odrodzenia Polski" (in Polish). Retrieved 22 December 2020.
^ a b Dąbkowski, Oscar (10 May 2017). "Zbigniew Wodecki w szpitalu. Co się stało?". Gala (in Polish). Retrieved 11 May 2017.
^ "Zbigniew Wodecki miał udar. Na początku maja przeszedł operację kardiochirurgiczną". Interia (in Polish). 11 May 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
^ "Zmarł Zbigniew Wodecki". Wirtualna Polska (in Polish). 22 May 2017.
^ "Official statement". wodecki.pl. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
^ "Jak Zbigniew Wodecki poznał żonę". Retrieved 2 September 2016.
^ "Zmarł Zbigniew Wodecki, honorowy obywatel gminy Godów". Retrieved 22 May 2017.
^ "Nie musisz należeć do świata queer, żeby wspierać tęczowe środowisko. Ci znani i lubiani pokazują, że każda miłość powinna być równa". Retrieved 28 April 2020.
External links
Zbigniew Wodecki at IMDb
Zbigniew Wodecki at AllMusic
Zbigniew Wodecki discography at Discogs
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Germany
United States
Czech Republic
Poland
Artists
MusicBrainz
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He started collaborating with the Piwnica pod Baranami literary cabaret and singer Ewa Demarczyk in the late 1960s. As a singer, he debuted in 1972 at the National Festival of Polish Song in Opole. He is mostly known for the songs Chałupy Welcome To,[2] Lubię wracać tam, gdzie byłem, Z Tobą chcę oglądać świat (a duet with Zdzisława Sośnicka) and Zacznij od Bacha, as well as the Polish versions of several soundtracks – Maya the Honey Bee[2] and Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Movie. In the 1980s he performed in a cabaret with Zenon Laskowik [pl].[3] He appeared as one of the judges on the Polish version of Dancing with the Stars, Taniec z gwiazdami, during its first twelve seasons.[3]Considered one of the most popular singers of the 1970s and 1980s in Poland, he was awarded numerous awards for his artistic achievements including Best Debut Award at the Opole Music Festival in 1972, Journalists' Award at the Opole Music Festival in 1978, Special Award at the Opole Music Festival in 1991, 2 Fryderyk Awards in 2016 and a Golden Fryderyk Award in 2018, Silver Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis in 2011 and posthumously the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (2017).[4]","title":"Early life and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"atrial fibrillation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation"},{"link_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-health-5"},{"link_name":"massive stroke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke"},{"link_name":"bypass surgery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery"},{"link_name":"Ministry of Interior and Administration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_and_Administration_(Poland)"},{"link_name":"Warsaw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-health-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"In 2014, Wodecki revealed that he had atrial fibrillation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.[5] On 8 May 2017, the artist suffered a massive stroke, a complication from bypass surgery he had at a private clinic, on 5 May 2017, and was taken to intensive care at Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, where he died 13 days later of complications from the stroke.[5][6][7][8]","title":"Health problems and death"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Łaziska","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81aziska,_Silesian_Voivodeship"},{"link_name":"Wodzisław County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wodzis%C5%82aw_County"},{"link_name":"Gmina Godów","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmina_God%C3%B3w"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"LGBT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"text":"Wodecki and his wife, Krystyna, had three children.[9] His family originated from Łaziska, Wodzisław County. He was an honorary citizen of Gmina Godów (Wodzisław County).[10] He was known as an ally of the LGBT community.[11]","title":"Personal life"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunrise_Dam_Gold_Mine
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Sunrise Dam Gold Mine
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["1 History","2 Present day","3 Geology","4 Production","4.1 Notes","5 References","5.1 Bibliography","6 External links"]
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Coordinates: 29°04′52″S 122°25′03″E / 29.08111°S 122.41750°E / -29.08111; 122.41750Gold mine in Western Australia
Sunrise DamPlant at Sunrise Dam Gold MineLocationSunrise Dam Gold MineLocation in Western AustraliaLocationLavertonStateWestern AustraliaCountryAustraliaCoordinates29°04′52″S 122°25′03″E / 29.08111°S 122.41750°E / -29.08111; 122.41750ProductionProductsGoldProduction232,000 troy ouncesFinancial year2022HistoryOpened1996OwnerCompanyAngloGold AshantiWebsitewww.anglogoldashanti.comYear of acquisition1999
The Sunrise Dam Gold Mine is located 55 km south of Laverton, Western Australia, on the eastern margin of Lake Carey. It is fully owned by AngloGold Ashanti and comprises a large-scale mechanized underground mine with a conventional gravity and leach process plant. In 2015 the mine accounted for 5% of the company's production.
History
Gold mines in the Kalgoorlie - Leonora region
The gold deposit was originally co-owned by the Granny Smith Joint Venture (Placer Pacific Ltd and Delta Gold NL), which called its eastern portion "Sunrise", and by Acacia Resources Ltd, which called its western portion "Cleo".
The Sunrise portion was found in August 1988, after a 500m by 500m BLEG survey. The Sunrise mine commenced operations in May 1995.
The Cleo portion was first indicated by tenement-wide rotary air blast and aircore drilling in 1991. Acacia Resources commenced production in February 1997, with the first gold pour in March that year. The Sunrise Dam gold mine was officially opened by Premier of Western Australia Richard Court on 6 August 1997.
In 1999, AngloGold acquired the mine through a takeover of Acacia Resources Ltd, a move that also gained it a 33% stake in the Boddington project, which it sold in early 2009 for $1.5 billion. Acacia, originally formed and listed in 1994 when Shell Australia divested its gold and base metal activities, was delisted from the Australian Stock Exchange on 11 January 2000.
An upgrade to the processing plant took place in 2001, the expansion initially designed for 2.5Mtpa, however by year-end plant throughput had been further increased to 3Mtpa. As a result, gold production increased by 31% in 2001, to 295,000oz. A major cutback in the Cleo pit was completed during the year, whilst the corporate office was restructured and relocated from Melbourne to Perth.
Following the capital expansions undertaken the previous year, gold production increased by 30% in 2002 to 382,000oz, as plant throughput rose by 41% to an annual rate of 3.4Mtpa. After completion of a major cutback at the end of 2001, mining in the Mega Pit reached full capacity in the first half of 2002. A smaller cutback, in the Watu section of the pit, was approved during the year.
In December 2002 AngloGold purchased the Sunrise lease from Placer Dome, obtaining control of the entire mineralised system at Sunrise Dam.
During the first half of 2004 an underground scoping study was completed. Deep drilling indicated the sub-vertical, high-grade zones, that had been a feature of open-cut mining at Sunrise Dam, continued at depth. Underground mining commenced later that year, initially as a three-year feasibility project incorporating two declines in the vicinity of defined underground reserves. The primary decline was named the Daniel Decline, after prominent local indigenous businessman Daniel Tucker.
Abnormally heavy rainfall limited access to high-grade ore in the pit early in 2004. As a result, mining moved into the higher-grade Watu section of the orebody, with production increasing by 15% to 410,000 ounces. First gold produced from the underground mine was in the fourth quarter of 2004.
In 2005, open cut mining continued in the high-grade areas in the first half of the year, then onto the lower grade northern section of the pit from the third quarter. Open pit ore was supplemented in the processing plant by higher grade underground ore. Gold production increased by 11% to 455,000 ounces.
Production increased slightly in 2006 to 465,000 ounces. Mining concentrated on the high-grade GQ lode in the open pit. Mining from the known underground reserves increased significantly, especially in the Sunrise and Western Shear zones. Gold production from the underground mine was 67,000 ounces. Record throughput of 3.9Mtpa was achieved in the process plant as a result of additional crushing and grinding circuit optimization.
In 2006, AngloGold Ashanti signed a contract for conversion of its diesel power generators to liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a cost-saving measure as well as to protect the environment. The conversion was delayed by an explosion at the Varanus Island gas production installation and subsequent 2008 Western Australian gas crisis. The LNG-powered facility at Sunrise Dam began operation in the first quarter of 2009.
2007 saw production increase by 29% to a record 600,000 ounces. The GQ zone in the open pit provided the anticipated large volumes of high grade ore. Approximately 79,000 ounces of gold production was sourced from the underground mine. Progress was made in developing access to the Cosmo, Dolly and Watu lodes. A cutback of the north wall of the open pit began (North Wall Cutback), while the underground life of mine study was completed.
Production decreased by 28% in 2008 to 433,000 ounces, as mining of the high-grade ore in the base of the Mega Pit was completed, with the pit reaching a depth of 440 metres. Mill feed comprised stockpiled ore and approximately 73,000 ounces of gold production was sourced from the underground mine.
Open pit mining continued in the North Wall Cutback throughout 2009, whilst underground tonnage increased by 15%, yielding approximately 111,000oz. Overall production for 2009 decreased by 7%, to 401,000oz, equivalent to 9% of group gold production. A paste fill plant was constructed to enable larger stopes to be extracted.
396,000oz was produced in 2010, with the North Wall Cutback providing over 80% of production. Ore continued to be sourced from a combination of underground and open pit operations, with the use of lower-grade stockpiles to supplement the ore feed to the plant. The transition to underground ore continued during 2010.
There were two significant events during 2011 that negatively impacted production, with production falling to 246,000oz. A major flood occurred in February, when 220mm of rain fell in two storms, less than five days apart. This was the highest rainfall recorded in the 129 years of records for the Laverton district. In April, a wall failed in the south-eastern portion of the open pit, which prevented access to the open pit working areas. A new access ramp was constructed, which took approximately six months. The flood event impacted underground production for approximately four months. No injuries were sustained in either event, or in the work required to re-establish production.
A study was undertaken during 2011 to test the potential for a bulk-cave operation to more efficiently extract underground ore over an extended life of mine. The study demonstrated that substantial tonnage could be mined via more productive and cost effective long hole open stoping methods.
Production rose by 5% to 258,000oz in 2012, as Sunrise Dam recovered from flood-related disruptions the previous year, together with improved grades from the North Wall Cutback area of the pit. An insurance payout of A$30 million related to the 2011 pit wall failure was offset against cash costs.
After more than 17 years of operation, the open pit was completed in 2013 to a depth of 490m below surface. Production increased to 276,000oz as higher grade ore from the Crown Pillar in the base of the open pit was processed. During the year studies were undertaken into the feasibility and advantages of piping natural gas for power generation, as an alternative to diesel.
The underground mine transitioned to become the primary source of mill feed in 2014, delivering 2.43Mt of ore to the mill for the year. Stockpiled intermediate grade ore (average 1.45g/t) was blended with the underground ore to meet the processing plant capacity. In July 2014, AngloGold Ashanti signed agreements with a natural gas infrastructure company for the transportation of natural gas to Sunrise Dam and Tropicana Gold Mine.
Production was 46,000oz lower in 2015 due to lower mined grades, with underground mining primarily on the periphery of the main ore bodies. The mine began transitioning to the Vogue ore body. A study commenced to assess the viability of an underground crusher and conveyor system for haulage via a new decline at the northern end of the operation.
Completion of the Eastern Goldfields Pipeline in December 2015 delivered natural gas ahead of schedule to Sunrise Dam and Tropicana Gold Mine. The switch to natural gas at Sunrise Dam involved the installation of two new gas generation sets. The pipeline was officially opened by the Western Australian Minister for Mines and Petroleum, the Honourable Bill Marmion, in February 2016.
Present day
Mining is carried out by contractors and ore is treated in a conventional gravity and leach process plant, which is owner-managed.
The majority of the mine workers are on a fly-in fly-out roster, with National Jet Express providing a charter service twice-daily from Monday to Friday.
Sunrise Dam supports the Laverton community through its involvement with the Laverton Mining Liaison Committee and representation on the Laverton Leonora Cross Cultural Association. Sunrise Dam also supports and encourages the development of a number of local businesses, including Carey Mining, an indigenous-owned mining contractor.
Sunrise Dam continues to maintain certification to OHSAS 18001, ISO 14001 and the International Cyanide Management Code. A mine closure plan is in place, with waste dumps and paddock tailings dams progressively rehabilitated in line with this plan.
Geology
Gold ore at Sunrise Dam is structurally and lithologically controlled within gently dipping high strain shear zones (for example, the Sunrise Shear) and steeply dipping brittle-ductile low strain shear zones (for example, the Western Shear). Host rocks include andesitic volcanic rocks, volcanogenic sediments and magnetic shales.
Sunrise Dam images
Sunrise Dam Gold Mine, 2009 NASA satellite image.
Sunrise Dam open pit operations.
Production
Past production figures were:
Year
Production
Grade
Cost per ounce
1997
144,828 ounces
5.61 g/t
A$169
1998
190,757 ounces
4.84 g/t
A$148
1999
198,139 ounces
4.31 g/t
US$143
2000
225,000 ounces
3.91 g/t
US$172
2001
295,000 ounces
3.81 g/t
US$153
2002
382,000 ounces
3.49 g/t
US$177
2003
358,000 ounces
3.12 g/t
US$228
2004
410,000 ounces
3.46 g/t
US$260
2005
455,000 ounces
3.68 g/t
US$269
2006
465,000 ounces
3.39 g/t
US$298
2007
600,000 ounces
4.86 g/t
US$306
2008
433,000 ounces
3.46 g/t
US$531
2009
401,000 ounces
2.87 g/t
US$646
2010
396,000 ounces
3.22 g/t
US$957
2011
246,000 ounces
2.16 g/t
US$1367
2012
258,000 ounces
2.39 g/t
US$1126
2013
276,000 ounces
2.46 g/t
US$1110
2014
262,000 ounces
2.13 g/t
US$1105
2015
216,000 ounces
1.97 g/t
US$970
2016
2017
2018
289,000 ounces
2.23 g/t
US$1,230
2019
254,000 ounces
1.93 g/t
US$1,246
2020
256,000 ounces
1,97 g/t
US$1,320
2021
229,000 ounces
1.76 g/t
US$1,573
2022
232,000 ounces
1.83 g/t
US$1,666
Notes
^ Figures for Acacia/AngloGold portion of the deposit only
References
^ a b "Operational Profile 2022: Sunrise Dam" (PDF). Newtown, South Africa: AngloGold Ashanti. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
^ a b c d Annual Report 2015 Archived 28 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine AngloGold Ashanti website, accessed: 13 February 2017
^ a b c Sunrise Dam gold deposit accessed: 15 February 2017
^ Official opening of Sunrise Dam Gold Mines near Laverton Archived 15 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Government of Western Australia website, accessed: 15 February 2017
^ Article on Sunrise Dam Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism website, accessed: 13 December 2008
^ AngloGold Bids For Acacia Resources AngloGold website, published: 11 October 1999, accessed: 13 December 2008
^ ACACIA RESOURCES LIMITED (AAA) Delisted.com.au, retrieved 3 September 2009
^ a b Annual Report 2001 Morningstar Document Library website, accessed: 15 February 2017
^ Annual Report 2002 U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission website, accessed: 15 February 2017
^ a b c d e f Annual Report 2004 AngloGold Ashanti website, accessed: 15 February 2017
^ a b c d Annual Report 2005 Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine AngloGold Ashanti website, accessed: 11 July 2010
^ a b Annual Report 2006 Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine AngloGold Ashanti website, accessed: 11 July 2010
^ a b c Annual Report 2008 AngloGold Ashanti website, accessed: 15 February 2017
^ a b Annual Report 2007 AngloGold Ashanti website, accessed: 15 February 2017
^ a b c d Annual Report 2009 Archived 2011-09-12 at the Wayback Machine AngloGold Ashanti website, accessed: 15 February 2017
^ a b c Annual Review 2010 AngloGold Ashanti website, accessed: 13 February 2017
^ a b c Annual Report 2011 AngloGold Ashanti website, accessed: 13 February 2017
^ a b Annual Report 2012 AngloGold Ashanti website, accessed: 13 February 2017
^ a b Annual Report 2013 Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine AngloGold Ashanti website, accessed: 13 February 2017
^ a b Annual Report 2014 AngloGold Ashanti website, accessed: 13 February 2017
^ Gas to energise new Eastern Goldfields projects Archived 15 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Government of Western Australia website, accessed: 15 February 2017
^ "Fourth Quarter Activities Report". ASX Announcements. Acacia Resources Ltd. 27 January 1998. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
^ "Fourth Quarter Activities Report". ASX Announcements. Acacia Resources Ltd. 27 January 1999. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
^ "AngloGold Ltd - 1999 Mine-by-Mine Operating Results". GoldAvenue Gold Encyclopaedia. AngloGold & Produits Artistiques de Métaux Précieux. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
^ "AngloGold Ltd - 2000 Mine-by-Mine Operating Results". GoldAvenue Gold Encyclopaedia. AngloGold & Produits Artistiques de Métaux Précieux. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
^ a b c "Operational Profile 2020: Sunrise Dam" (PDF). Newtown, South Africa: AngloGold Ashanti. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
^ "Operational Profile 2021: Sunrise Dam" (PDF). Newtown, South Africa: AngloGold Ashanti. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
Bibliography
Louthean, Ross (ed.). The Australian Mines Handbook: 2003-2004 Edition. Louthean Media Pty Ltd.
External links
Official website
MINEDEX website: Sunrise Dam Database of the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Laverton, Western Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laverton,_Western_Australia"},{"link_name":"Lake Carey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Carey"},{"link_name":"AngloGold Ashanti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AngloGold_Ashanti"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-annualfifteen-2"}],"text":"Gold mine in Western AustraliaThe Sunrise Dam Gold Mine is located 55 km south of Laverton, Western Australia, on the eastern margin of Lake Carey. It is fully owned by AngloGold Ashanti and comprises a large-scale mechanized underground mine with a conventional gravity and leach process plant. In 2015 the mine accounted for 5% of the company's production.[2]","title":"Sunrise Dam Gold Mine"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gold_mines_Kalgoorlie_Leonora_(2).svg"},{"link_name":"Kalgoorlie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalgoorlie,_Western_Australia"},{"link_name":"Leonora","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonora,_Western_Australia"},{"link_name":"Placer Pacific Ltd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placer_Dome"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-deposit-3"},{"link_name":"BLEG","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_leach_extractable_gold"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-deposit-3"},{"link_name":"drilling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_rig"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-deposit-3"},{"link_name":"Premier of Western Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_Western_Australia"},{"link_name":"Richard Court","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Court"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-opening-4"},{"link_name":"AngloGold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AngloGold"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Boddington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boddington_Gold_Mine"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Shell Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_Australia"},{"link_name":"Australian Stock Exchange","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Stock_Exchange"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Melbourne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne"},{"link_name":"Perth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualone-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualtwo-9"},{"link_name":"AngloGold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AngloGold"},{"link_name":"Placer Dome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placer_Dome"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualfour-10"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualfour-10"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualfour-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualfive-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualsix-12"},{"link_name":"AngloGold Ashanti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AngloGold_Ashanti"},{"link_name":"liquefied natural gas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas"},{"link_name":"Varanus Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanus_Island"},{"link_name":"2008 Western Australian gas crisis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Western_Australian_gas_crisis"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualeight-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualseven-14"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualeight-13"},{"link_name":"stopes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoping"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualnine-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualten-16"},{"link_name":"Laverton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laverton,_Western_Australia"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualeleven-17"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualten-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualeleven-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualtwelve-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualthirteen-19"},{"link_name":"AngloGold Ashanti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AngloGold_Ashanti"},{"link_name":"Tropicana Gold Mine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropicana_Gold_Mine"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualfourteen-20"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-annualfifteen-2"},{"link_name":"Tropicana Gold Mine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropicana_Gold_Mine"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-annualfifteen-2"},{"link_name":"Western Australian Minister for Mines and Petroleum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_for_Mines_and_Petroleum_(Western_Australia)"},{"link_name":"Bill Marmion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Marmion"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pipeline-21"}],"text":"Gold mines in the Kalgoorlie - Leonora regionThe gold deposit was originally co-owned by the Granny Smith Joint Venture (Placer Pacific Ltd and Delta Gold NL), which called its eastern portion \"Sunrise\", and by Acacia Resources Ltd, which called its western portion \"Cleo\".[3]The Sunrise portion was found in August 1988, after a 500m by 500m BLEG survey. The Sunrise mine commenced operations in May 1995.[3]The Cleo portion was first indicated by tenement-wide rotary air blast and aircore drilling in 1991. Acacia Resources commenced production in February 1997, with the first gold pour in March that year.[3] The Sunrise Dam gold mine was officially opened by Premier of Western Australia Richard Court on 6 August 1997.[4]In 1999, AngloGold acquired the mine through a takeover of Acacia Resources Ltd,[5] a move that also gained it a 33% stake in the Boddington project,[6] which it sold in early 2009 for $1.5 billion. Acacia, originally formed and listed in 1994 when Shell Australia divested its gold and base metal activities, was delisted from the Australian Stock Exchange on 11 January 2000.[7]An upgrade to the processing plant took place in 2001, the expansion initially designed for 2.5Mtpa, however by year-end plant throughput had been further increased to 3Mtpa. As a result, gold production increased by 31% in 2001, to 295,000oz. A major cutback in the Cleo pit was completed during the year, whilst the corporate office was restructured and relocated from Melbourne to Perth.[8]Following the capital expansions undertaken the previous year, gold production increased by 30% in 2002 to 382,000oz, as plant throughput rose by 41% to an annual rate of 3.4Mtpa. After completion of a major cutback at the end of 2001, mining in the Mega Pit reached full capacity in the first half of 2002. A smaller cutback, in the Watu section of the pit, was approved during the year.[9]In December 2002 AngloGold purchased the Sunrise lease from Placer Dome, obtaining control of the entire mineralised system at Sunrise Dam.[10]During the first half of 2004 an underground scoping study was completed. Deep drilling indicated the sub-vertical, high-grade zones, that had been a feature of open-cut mining at Sunrise Dam, continued at depth. Underground mining commenced later that year, initially as a three-year feasibility project incorporating two declines in the vicinity of defined underground reserves.[10] The primary decline was named the Daniel Decline, after prominent local indigenous businessman Daniel Tucker.Abnormally heavy rainfall limited access to high-grade ore in the pit early in 2004. As a result, mining moved into the higher-grade Watu section of the orebody, with production increasing by 15% to 410,000 ounces. First gold produced from the underground mine was in the fourth quarter of 2004.[10]In 2005, open cut mining continued in the high-grade areas in the first half of the year, then onto the lower grade northern section of the pit from the third quarter. Open pit ore was supplemented in the processing plant by higher grade underground ore. Gold production increased by 11% to 455,000 ounces.[11]Production increased slightly in 2006 to 465,000 ounces. Mining concentrated on the high-grade GQ lode in the open pit. Mining from the known underground reserves increased significantly, especially in the Sunrise and Western Shear zones. Gold production from the underground mine was 67,000 ounces. Record throughput of 3.9Mtpa was achieved in the process plant as a result of additional crushing and grinding circuit optimization.[12]In 2006, AngloGold Ashanti signed a contract for conversion of its diesel power generators to liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a cost-saving measure as well as to protect the environment. The conversion was delayed by an explosion at the Varanus Island gas production installation and subsequent 2008 Western Australian gas crisis. The LNG-powered facility at Sunrise Dam began operation in the first quarter of 2009.[13]2007 saw production increase by 29% to a record 600,000 ounces. The GQ zone in the open pit provided the anticipated large volumes of high grade ore. Approximately 79,000 ounces of gold production was sourced from the underground mine. Progress was made in developing access to the Cosmo, Dolly and Watu lodes. A cutback of the north wall of the open pit began (North Wall Cutback), while the underground life of mine study was completed.[14]Production decreased by 28% in 2008 to 433,000 ounces, as mining of the high-grade ore in the base of the Mega Pit was completed, with the pit reaching a depth of 440 metres. Mill feed comprised stockpiled ore and approximately 73,000 ounces of gold production was sourced from the underground mine.[13]Open pit mining continued in the North Wall Cutback throughout 2009, whilst underground tonnage increased by 15%, yielding approximately 111,000oz. Overall production for 2009 decreased by 7%, to 401,000oz, equivalent to 9% of group gold production. A paste fill plant was constructed to enable larger stopes to be extracted.[15]396,000oz was produced in 2010, with the North Wall Cutback providing over 80% of production. Ore continued to be sourced from a combination of underground and open pit operations, with the use of lower-grade stockpiles to supplement the ore feed to the plant. The transition to underground ore continued during 2010.[16]There were two significant events during 2011 that negatively impacted production, with production falling to 246,000oz. A major flood occurred in February, when 220mm of rain fell in two storms, less than five days apart. This was the highest rainfall recorded in the 129 years of records for the Laverton district. In April, a wall failed in the south-eastern portion of the open pit, which prevented access to the open pit working areas. A new access ramp was constructed, which took approximately six months. The flood event impacted underground production for approximately four months. No injuries were sustained in either event, or in the work required to re-establish production.[17]A study was undertaken during 2011 to test the potential for a bulk-cave operation to more efficiently extract underground ore over an extended life of mine.[16] The study demonstrated that substantial tonnage could be mined via more productive and cost effective long hole open stoping methods.[17]Production rose by 5% to 258,000oz in 2012, as Sunrise Dam recovered from flood-related disruptions the previous year, together with improved grades from the North Wall Cutback area of the pit. An insurance payout of A$30 million related to the 2011 pit wall failure was offset against cash costs.[18]After more than 17 years of operation, the open pit was completed in 2013 to a depth of 490m below surface. Production increased to 276,000oz as higher grade ore from the Crown Pillar in the base of the open pit was processed. During the year studies were undertaken into the feasibility and advantages of piping natural gas for power generation, as an alternative to diesel.[19]The underground mine transitioned to become the primary source of mill feed in 2014, delivering 2.43Mt of ore to the mill for the year. Stockpiled intermediate grade ore (average 1.45g/t) was blended with the underground ore to meet the processing plant capacity. In July 2014, AngloGold Ashanti signed agreements with a natural gas infrastructure company for the transportation of natural gas to Sunrise Dam and Tropicana Gold Mine.[20]Production was 46,000oz lower in 2015 due to lower mined grades, with underground mining primarily on the periphery of the main ore bodies. The mine began transitioning to the Vogue ore body. A study commenced to assess the viability of an underground crusher and conveyor system for haulage via a new decline at the northern end of the operation.[2]Completion of the Eastern Goldfields Pipeline in December 2015 delivered natural gas ahead of schedule to Sunrise Dam and Tropicana Gold Mine. The switch to natural gas at Sunrise Dam involved the installation of two new gas generation sets.[2] The pipeline was officially opened by the Western Australian Minister for Mines and Petroleum, the Honourable Bill Marmion, in February 2016.[21]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualfour-10"},{"link_name":"fly-in fly-out","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly-in_fly-out"},{"link_name":"National Jet Express","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Jet_Express"},{"link_name":"Laverton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laverton,_Western_Australia"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualnine-15"},{"link_name":"OHSAS 18001","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OHSAS_18001"},{"link_name":"ISO 14001","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14000"},{"link_name":"International Cyanide Management Code","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Cyanide_Management_Code"},{"link_name":"mine closure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine_closure"},{"link_name":"tailings dams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailings_dam"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualnine-15"}],"text":"Mining is carried out by contractors and ore is treated in a conventional gravity and leach process plant, which is owner-managed.[10]The majority of the mine workers are on a fly-in fly-out roster, with National Jet Express providing a charter service twice-daily from Monday to Friday.Sunrise Dam supports the Laverton community through its involvement with the Laverton Mining Liaison Committee and representation on the Laverton Leonora Cross Cultural Association. Sunrise Dam also supports and encourages the development of a number of local businesses, including Carey Mining, an indigenous-owned mining contractor.[15]Sunrise Dam continues to maintain certification to OHSAS 18001, ISO 14001 and the International Cyanide Management Code. A mine closure plan is in place, with waste dumps and paddock tailings dams progressively rehabilitated in line with this plan.[15]","title":"Present day"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"lithologically","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithologically"},{"link_name":"volcanogenic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanogenic_lake"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Annualfour-10"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sunrisegoldmine.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sunrise_Dam_Gold_Mine_open_pit_06.jpg"}],"text":"Gold ore at Sunrise Dam is structurally and lithologically controlled within gently dipping high strain shear zones (for example, the Sunrise Shear) and steeply dipping brittle-ductile low strain shear zones (for example, the Western Shear). Host rocks include andesitic volcanic rocks, volcanogenic sediments and magnetic shales.[10]Sunrise Dam images\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSunrise Dam Gold Mine, 2009 NASA satellite image.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSunrise Dam open pit operations.","title":"Geology"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Past production figures were:","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^[A]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#ref_A1"}],"sub_title":"Notes","text":"^[A] Figures for Acacia/AngloGold portion of the deposit only","title":"Production"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Gold mines in the Kalgoorlie - Leonora region","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gold_mines_Kalgoorlie_Leonora_%282%29.svg/200px-Gold_mines_Kalgoorlie_Leonora_%282%29.svg.png"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Operational Profile 2022: Sunrise Dam\" (PDF). Newtown, South Africa: AngloGold Ashanti. Retrieved 26 February 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://reports.anglogoldashanti.com/22/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/AGA-OP22-Sunrise-Dam.pdf","url_text":"\"Operational Profile 2022: Sunrise Dam\""}]},{"reference":"\"Fourth Quarter Activities Report\". ASX Announcements. Acacia Resources Ltd. 27 January 1998. Retrieved 15 February 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.asx.com.au/asx/statistics/displayAnnouncement.do?display=text&issuerId=1953&announcementId=575338","url_text":"\"Fourth Quarter Activities Report\""}]},{"reference":"\"Fourth Quarter Activities Report\". ASX Announcements. Acacia Resources Ltd. 27 January 1999. Retrieved 15 February 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.asx.com.au/asx/statistics/displayAnnouncement.do?display=text&issuerId=1953&announcementId=575577","url_text":"\"Fourth Quarter Activities Report\""}]},{"reference":"\"AngloGold Ltd - 1999 Mine-by-Mine Operating Results\". GoldAvenue Gold Encyclopaedia. AngloGold & Produits Artistiques de Métaux Précieux. Retrieved 15 February 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://info.goldavenue.com/info_site/in_mine/in_mi_moz_angl_1999.htm","url_text":"\"AngloGold Ltd - 1999 Mine-by-Mine Operating Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"AngloGold Ltd - 2000 Mine-by-Mine Operating Results\". GoldAvenue Gold Encyclopaedia. AngloGold & Produits Artistiques de Métaux Précieux. Retrieved 15 February 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://info.goldavenue.com/info_site/in_mine/in_mi_moz_angl_2000.htm","url_text":"\"AngloGold Ltd - 2000 Mine-by-Mine Operating Results\""}]},{"reference":"\"Operational Profile 2020: Sunrise Dam\" (PDF). Newtown, South Africa: AngloGold Ashanti. Retrieved 8 June 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.aga-reports.com/20/download/AGA-OP20-sunrise-dam.pdf","url_text":"\"Operational Profile 2020: Sunrise Dam\""}]},{"reference":"\"Operational Profile 2021: Sunrise Dam\" (PDF). Newtown, South Africa: AngloGold Ashanti. Retrieved 5 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.aga-reports.com/21/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/AGA-OP21-sunrise-dam.pdf","url_text":"\"Operational Profile 2021: Sunrise Dam\""}]},{"reference":"Louthean, Ross (ed.). The Australian Mines Handbook: 2003-2004 Edition. Louthean Media Pty Ltd.","urls":[]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Carinthia_and_Slovenia_floods
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2023 Slovenia floods
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["1 Victims","2 Overview","3 Flooding in neighboring areas","3.1 Austrian Carinthia, Styria","3.2 Croatia","4 Meteorology","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"]
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2023 flood in Slovenia
2023 Slovenia floodsRiver Sava in Ljubljana on 4 August 2023Date3 August 2023 – 23 August 2023LocationSlovene Littoral, Upper Carniola, Carinthia and StyriaDeaths7Property damageAt least 7€ billion
In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. Due to the event, the National Flood Protection and Rescue Plan was activated. Slovenia had already experienced heavier rains in the second half of July. This extra water in the system meant that floods and major river overflows were caused by downpours that crossed Slovenia on the night of 3–4 August. The first rivers flooded in Upper Carniola and Posočje. These floods began on 3 August at around 20.00h. The Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO) also warned that there was a possibility of sea flooding. The floods were similar to those that occurred in 1990, 1998 and 2004.
According to ARSO, the worst flooding was in the foothills of the Julian Alps, from Idrija through the Ljubljana basin to Slovenian Carinthia, where 150–200 mm (6–8 in) fell, on Loibl fell 275 mm (10.8 in) in 48 hours. A red hydrological warning was also applied to rivers. ARSO issued a red warning for north-eastern, north-western and central Slovenia due to prolonged downpours, which was put into effect at midnight on 4 August.
Victims
At least seven people were killed during the floods. Two elderly Slovenes drowned in flooded rivers, and two Dutch men, aged 52 and 20, who had hiked to Mount Veliki Draški vrh, were also killed. The police stated that they had probably been struck by lightning. A man was found in a river in the eastern part of Slovenia, and a person helping fell into a cesspool. In Klagenfurt a man fell into the Glan.
Overview
A landslide near Miner's house (Slovene: Rudarska hiša) on 4 August 2023. About 70 m long with ca. 250 m3 of mud and clay soil taking out farming areas.
The river Kamnik Bistrica destroyed a bridge in Godič near Kamnik
According to data from the Administration for Protection and Rescue, 168 fire brigades took part in 1039 interventions within 12 hours. In so doing, they pumped water from flooded buildings, covered triggered avalanches, and removed debris and vehicles that had been swept away. In Kamnik, Komenda, the municipalities of Maribor, Ptuj, Kranj, Celje and Ljubljana, and in the municipalities of Duplek, Starše and Slovenj Gradec, sirens sounded to warn against danger from flooding and landslides. Full-scale interventions were announced in several municipalities, particularly in the municipalities of Kamnik and Komenda.
Gradaščica and Sora were flooded, and a flood wave was also expected to occur in Savinja, Pšata and Kamniška Bistrica. In the settlement of Bistričica, an elderly person was allegedly carried away by torrential flooding, but the exact cause of death is not yet known. The General Police Directorate is said to have received several reports of fatalities.
Due to flooded roads and several landslides on the surrounding roads towards Idrija and Škofja Loka, Žiri was cut off. Both the Sora and Račeva rivers flooded in Žiri, and more than 100 buildings were damaged. Two residential buildings were evacuated in Baška grapa. The evacuation took place in Sorška gaj in the Lipnica valley. Displaced residents were moved to the Medvode Sports Hall; evacuations were also carried out. All transit connections to the Kanomlja valley have been cut off, and rescue service interventions in the wider Idrija area were complicated by impassable roads.
In Tolmin, Cerkno and Idrija, waterways flooded several houses. Residential and other buildings were also flooded in the municipalities of Vodice and Škofja Loka. Moste and Rečica ob Savinji were completely flooded. Luče, Mežica, Dravograd, Laško, Mozirje, Gornji Grad, Škofja Loka, Šoštanj, Florjan, Topolšica, Celje, Begunje na Gorenjskem and Poljče were also flooded. The worst flooding was in the Poljanska and Selška valleys. According to Klemno Šmid, the commander of the Gorenjska civil defense, "Gorenjska is completely under water". In Ljubljana, the Sava and Gradaščica rivers flooded in its upper reaches. In the Polhov Gradec Hills, settlements were mainly threatened by landslides. In Ljubno ob Savinji, the rising river washed away three houses, people were evacuated to the local elementary school. An evacuation was ordered in the center of Celje.
As a result of the floods, the Gorenjska highway and the Styrian highway were closed on two sections on 4 August, at 4:00 p.m. Due to this, traffic is also allowed on the highways for vehicles without a vignette. The Kranj–Jesenice, Ruše–Pilberk railway connections, the Bohinj railway tunnel and the Velenje line are also closed. Due to flooded roads and railways, public transport is difficult. Several roads, both regional and local, were also closed, mainly due to collapse of the carriageway, landslides, deposits of sand and mud or high water on the roadway. A bridge was washed away on Otliške Vrh and the Slovenian Army is studying the possibilities of erecting a pontoon bridge. Most of the roads in Zgornje Savinjsko were also closed.
The Ministry of Defense activated the Vihra plan, which includes the assistance of the Slovenian Army in the intervention. Helicopters were dispatched to several flooded areas. The army also dispatched armored vehicles. The European Union has expressed readiness for the possible activation of the mechanism for civil assistance.
Around 16000 people lost electricity in the flooded areas. Boil water orders and notifications were issued as a precautionary measure. Due to the floods in Begunje in Gorenjska, operations were disrupted, and the hospital administration began to search for suitable places to relocate patients.
Amazing solidarity was shown by the people of Slovenia as on the first day of the floods certain groups and organizations have self-organized gathering and distributions of aid (food, water, personal hygiene products, ...) for the victims of floods. Beside professional humanitarian agencies like International Red Cross (IRC) and Slovenska Karitas there was IPO Slovenija which was one of the first to start and at the end in 30 days managed to gather and distribute record-breaking 415 tons of aid to the victims of floods.
Flooding in neighboring areas
Austrian Carinthia, Styria
Floods and landslides occurred in southern Austria. In the morning of 4 August 2023 about 4000 households were without electricity according to utility company Energie Steiermark. In Carinthia roads to multiple villages were disrupted, particularly in the Völkermarkt district. In Sankt Paul im Lavanttal, 70 households have been evacuated as a precaution for fear of flooding.
Water was being pumped out of a dam in the Viktring district of Klagenfurt, Carinthia, after concerns are raised over its stability and could break.
Croatia
The flood crest created by the rainfall in Austria and Slovenia entered Continental Croatia in the night of 5–6 August, causing localised flooding and breaking records at several gauges. The villages of Drenje Brdovečko and Autoput were among the flooded areas.
In the Drnje municipality near the confluence of Mura and Drava, a century-old high-water record was broken by more than half a metre (2 ft). Mura reached a level of 543 cm (17 ft 10 in) at 5 am local time. Croatian Armed Forces deployed 150 soldiers to assist with flood defences. Upriver of Mura's confluence, Drava's flood wave was flattened through a system of dams and reservoirs, but this was not possible on Mura.
In the morning of 7 August, Drava unexpectedly broke a channel near the Mura confluence. Water flowed through a railway embankment and flooded a large area with a 4–5-metre (13–16 ft) wave, including Lake Šoderica in Legrad municipality. The lake was scoured and the weekend houses around it inundated. In the Drnje municipality near Koprivnica, the settlement of Hlebine was in danger, and the Roma village of Autoput was flooded. The Botovo gauge, downriver of Šoderica, reached 616 cm (20 ft 3 in) late in the afternoon of 7 August. The village of Drnje and Torčec were successfully defended. Torčec was under threat of the Gliboki stream, which was fed by Drava waters through Lake Šoderica. On 9 August, Drava's flood crest was in Virovitica-Podravina County, and agricultural areas and weekend houses were flooded in three villages.
River Sava also caused damages. Part of the village of Drenje Brdovečko near Zaprešić, northwest of Zagreb, was flooded on early 5 August. Some areas near Zaprešić, including Brdovec, lack embankments and had to be defended by sandbags. One of the bridges over Sava was flooded and closed to traffic. Sava crested in Zagreb on the same day. The Sava–Odra–Sava diversion canal near Jankomir was opened in order to protect Zagreb. Four people had to be rescued from the canal bed, which is otherwise commonly used for recreational purposes. In the city, part of the parkland between Lake Jarun and Sava was flooded by groundwaters. The Sava course downriver of Zagreb, after Rugvica, is vulnerable due to the almost flat terrain, and was defended by sandbags and flooding retention areas such as Lonjsko Polje. The Rugvica gauge exceeded 932 cm (30 ft 7 in).
As of 9 August, the flood crest still has to reach eastern Slavonia.
Meteorology
See also: 2023 European heat waves § Storms and floods
Using high resolution data from ECWMS Reanalysis v5 a study from the University of Bologna found hints to a secondary peak in cyclogenesis during the summer, additionally to spring. There is a cyclone track via the Ligurian sea, northern Italy and the northern Adriatic Sea.
The storm was named Petar, and moved from the Mediterranean via Italy, Slovenia, Austria, northwards to Germany, Poland and the baltic sea.
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2023 floods in Slovenia.
Weather of 2023
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External links
"4th victim found in river Sava". www.rtvslo.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 5. August 2023 at 14.21h.
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← 2022 floods· 2024 floods →
vteEuropean floods (list)1910s
1910 Great Flood of Paris
1920s
1928 Thames flood
1930s
1934 flood in Poland
1940s
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1944 Holmfirth Flood
1950s
1959 Malpasset Dam failure
1957 Valencia flood
1953 North Sea Flood
1952 Lynmouth Flood
1960s
1962 North Sea flood
1963 Vajont disaster
1964 Zagreb flood
1966 Flood of the Arno River
1968 Great Flood (France and the United Kingdom)
1970s
1978 North Sea storm surge
1976 January Gale
1970 floods in Romania
1980s
1981 windstorm
1985 Val di Stava
1987 Valtellina
1990s
1997 Central Europe
1998 Jarovnice
1999 Pentecost
1999 Blayais Nuclear Power Plant
2000s
2000 Western Europe
2002 Europe
2002 Glasgow
2004 Boscastle
2005 Europe
2006 Europe
2007 North Sea
2007 United Kingdom
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2008 Morpeth
2009 Great Britain and Ireland
2009 Europe
2009 Workington
2009 Messina
2009 Turkey
2010s
2010 Central European
2010 Slovenia
2010 Var
2010 Albania
2011 Europe
Cyclone Berit
2012 Russia
2012 Great Britain and Ireland
2012 Romania
2013 Europe
2014 Southeast Europe
2014 Bulgaria
2016 Europe
2016 Macedonia
2017 Zadar (Croatia)
2018 Europe
2019 Yorkshire Dales
2019–2020 United Kingdom
2020s
Storm Gloria
Storm Dennis
2020 Western Ukraine
2020 Zagreb
2023 Turkey
2021 Europe
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2023 Emilia-Romagna
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Storm Daniel
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Slovenia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia"},{"link_name":"Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria"},{"link_name":"Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia"},{"link_name":"Sava","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sava"},{"link_name":"Mur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mur_(river)"},{"link_name":"Drava","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drava"},{"link_name":"Slovene Littoral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_Littoral"},{"link_name":"Upper Carniola","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Carniola"},{"link_name":"Slovenian Carinthia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carinthia_(Slovenia)"},{"link_name":"Slovenian Environment Agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenian_Environment_Agency"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-2"},{"link_name":"Julian Alps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Alps"},{"link_name":"Idrija","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrija"},{"link_name":"Loibl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loibl_Pass"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:7-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"}],"text":"In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. Due to the event, the National Flood Protection and Rescue Plan was activated. Slovenia had already experienced heavier rains in the second half of July. This extra water in the system meant that floods and major river overflows were caused by downpours that crossed Slovenia on the night of 3–4 August. The first rivers flooded in Upper Carniola and Posočje. These floods began on 3 August at around 20.00h. The Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO) also warned that there was a possibility of sea flooding.[1] The floods were similar to those that occurred in 1990, 1998 and 2004.[2]According to ARSO, the worst flooding was in the foothills of the Julian Alps, from Idrija through the Ljubljana basin to Slovenian Carinthia, where 150–200 mm (6–8 in) fell, on Loibl fell 275 mm (10.8 in) in 48 hours.[3][4] A red hydrological warning was also applied to rivers.[5] ARSO issued a red warning for north-eastern, north-western and central Slovenia due to prolonged downpours, which was put into effect at midnight on 4 August.[3]","title":"2023 Slovenia floods"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Veliki Draški vrh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_Dra%C5%A1ki_vrh"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"cesspool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesspit"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Glan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glan_(Gurk)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:7-4"}],"text":"At least seven people were killed during the floods. Two elderly Slovenes drowned in flooded rivers, and two Dutch men, aged 52 and 20, who had hiked to Mount Veliki Draški vrh, were also killed.[6] The police stated that they had probably been struck by lightning. A man was found in a river in the eastern part of Slovenia, and a person helping fell into a cesspool.[7] In Klagenfurt a man fell into the Glan.[4]","title":"Victims"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plaz_pri_Rudarski_hi%C5%A1i,_4._avgust_2023.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Destroyed_bridge_in_Stahovica_(2023).jpg"},{"link_name":"Kamnik Bistrica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamnik_Bistrica"},{"link_name":"Godič","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godi%C4%8D"},{"link_name":"Kamnik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamnik"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-8"},{"link_name":"Kamnik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamnik"},{"link_name":"Komenda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komenda"},{"link_name":"Maribor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Municipality_of_Maribor"},{"link_name":"Ptuj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Municipality_of_Ptuj"},{"link_name":"Kranj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Municipality_of_Kranj"},{"link_name":"Celje","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Municipality_of_Celje"},{"link_name":"Ljubljana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Municipality_of_Ljubljana"},{"link_name":"Duplek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality_of_Duplek"},{"link_name":"Starše","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality_of_Star%C5%A1e"},{"link_name":"Slovenj Gradec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Municipality_of_Slovenj_Gradec"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:5-11"},{"link_name":"Gradaščica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grada%C5%A1%C4%8Dica"},{"link_name":"Sora","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sora_(river)"},{"link_name":"Savinja","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savinja"},{"link_name":"Pšata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%A1ata"},{"link_name":"Kamniška Bistrica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamni%C5%A1ka_Bistrica"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"},{"link_name":"Bistričica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bistri%C4%8Dica"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-2"},{"link_name":"Idrija","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrija"},{"link_name":"Škofja Loka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0kofja_Loka"},{"link_name":"Žiri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiri"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-10"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-8"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Tolmin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolmin"},{"link_name":"Cerkno","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerkno"},{"link_name":"Vodice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality_of_Vodice"},{"link_name":"Škofja Loka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality_of_%C5%A0kofja_Loka"},{"link_name":"Moste","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moste,_Komenda"},{"link_name":"Rečica ob Savinji","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C4%8Dica_ob_Savinji"},{"link_name":"Luče","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C4%8De"},{"link_name":"Mežica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%BEica"},{"link_name":"Dravograd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravograd"},{"link_name":"Laško","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C5%A1ko"},{"link_name":"Mozirje","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozirje"},{"link_name":"Gornji Grad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gornji_Grad,_Gornji_Grad"},{"link_name":"Škofja Loka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0kofja_Loka"},{"link_name":"Šoštanj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0o%C5%A1tanj"},{"link_name":"Florjan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florjan,_%C5%A0o%C5%A1tanj"},{"link_name":"Topolšica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topol%C5%A1ica"},{"link_name":"Celje","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celje"},{"link_name":"Begunje na Gorenjskem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begunje_na_Gorenjskem"},{"link_name":"Poljče","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polj%C4%8De,_Radovljica"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-10"},{"link_name":"Sava","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sava"},{"link_name":"Polhov Gradec Hills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polhov_Gradec_Hills"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Ljubno ob Savinji","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljubno_ob_Savinji"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:6-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-9"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-2"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:6-15"},{"link_name":"Ministry of Defense","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Slovenia)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-10"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-2"},{"link_name":"European Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-9"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:5-11"},{"link_name":"International Red Cross","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross"},{"link_name":"IPO Slovenija","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Police_Organization"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"text":"A landslide near Miner's house (Slovene: Rudarska hiša) on 4 August 2023. About 70 m long with ca. 250 m3 of mud and clay soil taking out farming areas.The river Kamnik Bistrica destroyed a bridge in Godič near KamnikAccording to data from the Administration for Protection and Rescue, 168 fire brigades took part in 1039 interventions within 12 hours. In so doing, they pumped water from flooded buildings, covered triggered avalanches, and removed debris and vehicles that had been swept away.[8] In Kamnik, Komenda, the municipalities of Maribor, Ptuj, Kranj, Celje and Ljubljana, and in the municipalities of Duplek, Starše and Slovenj Gradec, sirens sounded to warn against danger from flooding and landslides.[3] Full-scale interventions were announced in several municipalities,[9] particularly in the municipalities of Kamnik and Komenda.[10][11]Gradaščica and Sora were flooded, and a flood wave was also expected to occur in Savinja, Pšata and Kamniška Bistrica.[3] In the settlement of Bistričica, an elderly person was allegedly carried away by torrential flooding, but the exact cause of death is not yet known.[12] The General Police Directorate is said to have received several reports of fatalities.[2]Due to flooded roads and several landslides on the surrounding roads towards Idrija and Škofja Loka, Žiri was cut off. Both the Sora and Račeva rivers flooded in Žiri, and more than 100 buildings were damaged.[10] Two residential buildings were evacuated in Baška grapa.[8] The evacuation took place in Sorška gaj in the Lipnica valley. Displaced residents were moved to the Medvode Sports Hall; evacuations were also carried out. All transit connections to the Kanomlja valley have been cut off, and rescue service interventions in the wider Idrija area were complicated by impassable roads.[13]In Tolmin, Cerkno and Idrija, waterways flooded several houses. Residential and other buildings were also flooded in the municipalities of Vodice and Škofja Loka. Moste and Rečica ob Savinji were completely flooded. Luče, Mežica, Dravograd, Laško, Mozirje, Gornji Grad, Škofja Loka, Šoštanj, Florjan, Topolšica, Celje, Begunje na Gorenjskem and Poljče were also flooded. The worst flooding was in the Poljanska and Selška valleys. According to Klemno Šmid, the commander of the Gorenjska civil defense, \"Gorenjska is completely under water\".[10] In Ljubljana, the Sava and Gradaščica rivers flooded in its upper reaches. In the Polhov Gradec Hills, settlements were mainly threatened by landslides.[14] In Ljubno ob Savinji, the rising river washed away three houses, people were evacuated to the local elementary school. An evacuation was ordered in the center of Celje.[15]As a result of the floods, the Gorenjska highway and the Styrian highway were closed on two sections on 4 August, at 4:00 p.m. Due to this, traffic is also allowed on the highways for vehicles without a vignette. The Kranj–Jesenice, Ruše–Pilberk railway connections, the Bohinj railway tunnel and the Velenje line are also closed. Due to flooded roads and railways, public transport is difficult.[16] Several roads, both regional and local, were also closed, mainly due to collapse of the carriageway, landslides, deposits of sand and mud or high water on the roadway.[9] A bridge was washed away on Otliške Vrh and the Slovenian Army is studying the possibilities of erecting a pontoon bridge.[2] Most of the roads in Zgornje Savinjsko were also closed.[15]The Ministry of Defense activated the Vihra plan, which includes the assistance of the Slovenian Army in the intervention.[10] Helicopters were dispatched to several flooded areas. The army also dispatched armored vehicles.[2] The European Union has expressed readiness for the possible activation of the mechanism for civil assistance.[17]Around 16000 people lost electricity in the flooded areas.[18] Boil water orders and notifications were issued as a precautionary measure.[9] Due to the floods in Begunje in Gorenjska, operations were disrupted, and the hospital administration began to search for suitable places to relocate patients.[11]Amazing solidarity was shown by the people of Slovenia as on the first day of the floods certain groups and organizations have self-organized gathering and distributions of aid (food, water, personal hygiene products, ...) for the victims of floods. Beside professional humanitarian agencies like International Red Cross (IRC) and Slovenska Karitas there was IPO Slovenija which was one of the first to start and at the end in 30 days managed to gather and distribute record-breaking 415 tons of aid to the victims of floods. [19]","title":"Overview"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Flooding in neighboring areas"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"landslides","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide"},{"link_name":"Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria"},{"link_name":"Carinthia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carinthia"},{"link_name":"Völkermarkt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6lkermarkt"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Sankt Paul im Lavanttal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt_Paul_im_Lavanttal"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Viktring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktring"},{"link_name":"Klagenfurt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klagenfurt"},{"link_name":"Carinthia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carinthia"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"}],"sub_title":"Austrian Carinthia, Styria","text":"Floods and landslides occurred in southern Austria. In the morning of 4 August 2023 about 4000 households were without electricity according to utility company Energie Steiermark. In Carinthia roads to multiple villages were disrupted, particularly in the Völkermarkt district.[20][21][22] In Sankt Paul im Lavanttal, 70 households have been evacuated as a precaution for fear of flooding.[23]Water was being pumped out of a dam in the Viktring district of Klagenfurt, Carinthia, after concerns are raised over its stability and could break.[24]","title":"Flooding in neighboring areas"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Continental Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Croatia"},{"link_name":"Drenje Brdovečko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drenje_Brdove%C4%8Dko"},{"link_name":"Autoput","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autoput,_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Drnje","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drnje"},{"link_name":"Mura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mura_(Drava)"},{"link_name":"Drava","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drava"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"Šoderica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0oderica"},{"link_name":"Legrad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legrad"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-index_9-27"},{"link_name":"Koprivnica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koprivnica"},{"link_name":"Hlebine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlebine"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hlebine,_rugvica-28"},{"link_name":"Autoput","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autoput,_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"Botovo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Botovo,_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"Torčec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor%C4%8Dec"},{"link_name":"Virovitica-Podravina County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virovitica-Podravina_County"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-index_9-27"},{"link_name":"Drenje Brdovečko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drenje_Brdove%C4%8Dko"},{"link_name":"Zaprešić","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapre%C5%A1i%C4%87"},{"link_name":"Zagreb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagreb"},{"link_name":"Sava–Odra–Sava diversion canal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sava%E2%80%93Odra%E2%80%93Sava_Canal"},{"link_name":"Jankomir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jankomir"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"Jarun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarun"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"Rugvica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugvica"},{"link_name":"Lonjsko Polje","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonjsko_Polje"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hlebine,_rugvica-28"},{"link_name":"Slavonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavonia"}],"sub_title":"Croatia","text":"The flood crest created by the rainfall in Austria and Slovenia entered Continental Croatia in the night of 5–6 August, causing localised flooding and breaking records at several gauges. The villages of Drenje Brdovečko and Autoput were among the flooded areas.In the Drnje municipality near the confluence of Mura and Drava, a century-old high-water record was broken by more than half a metre (2 ft). Mura reached a level of 543 cm (17 ft 10 in) at 5 am local time. Croatian Armed Forces deployed 150 soldiers to assist with flood defences.[25] Upriver of Mura's confluence, Drava's flood wave was flattened through a system of dams and reservoirs, but this was not possible on Mura.In the morning of 7 August, Drava unexpectedly broke a channel near the Mura confluence. Water flowed through a railway embankment and flooded a large area with a 4–5-metre (13–16 ft) wave, including Lake Šoderica in Legrad municipality. The lake was scoured and the weekend houses around it inundated.[26][27] In the Drnje municipality near Koprivnica, the settlement of Hlebine was in danger,[28] and the Roma village of Autoput was flooded.[29] The Botovo gauge, downriver of Šoderica, reached 616 cm (20 ft 3 in) late in the afternoon of 7 August.[30] The village of Drnje and Torčec were successfully defended. Torčec was under threat of the Gliboki stream, which was fed by Drava waters through Lake Šoderica. On 9 August, Drava's flood crest was in Virovitica-Podravina County, and agricultural areas and weekend houses were flooded in three villages.[27]River Sava also caused damages. Part of the village of Drenje Brdovečko near Zaprešić, northwest of Zagreb, was flooded on early 5 August. Some areas near Zaprešić, including Brdovec, lack embankments and had to be defended by sandbags. One of the bridges over Sava was flooded and closed to traffic. Sava crested in Zagreb on the same day. The Sava–Odra–Sava diversion canal near Jankomir was opened in order to protect Zagreb. Four people had to be rescued from the canal bed, which is otherwise commonly used for recreational purposes.[31][32] In the city, part of the parkland between Lake Jarun and Sava was flooded by groundwaters.[33] The Sava course downriver of Zagreb, after Rugvica, is vulnerable due to the almost flat terrain, and was defended by sandbags and flooding retention areas such as Lonjsko Polje. The Rugvica gauge exceeded 932 cm (30 ft 7 in).[28]As of 9 August, the flood crest still has to reach eastern Slavonia.","title":"Flooding in neighboring areas"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2023 European heat waves § Storms and floods","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_European_heat_waves#Storms_and_floods"},{"link_name":"cyclogenesis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclogenesis"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"Ligurian sea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligurian_sea"},{"link_name":"Adriatic Sea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Sea"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"}],"text":"See also: 2023 European heat waves § Storms and floodsUsing high resolution data from ECWMS Reanalysis v5 a study from the University of Bologna found hints to a secondary peak in cyclogenesis during the summer, additionally to spring.[34][35] There is a cyclone track via the Ligurian sea, northern Italy and the northern Adriatic Sea.[36]The storm was named Petar, and moved from the Mediterranean via Italy, Slovenia, Austria, northwards to Germany, Poland and the baltic sea.[37]","title":"Meteorology"}]
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[{"image_text":"A landslide near Miner's house (Slovene: Rudarska hiša) on 4 August 2023. About 70 m long with ca. 250 m3 of mud and clay soil taking out farming areas.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Plaz_pri_Rudarski_hi%C5%A1i%2C_4._avgust_2023.jpg/220px-Plaz_pri_Rudarski_hi%C5%A1i%2C_4._avgust_2023.jpg"},{"image_text":"The river Kamnik Bistrica destroyed a bridge in Godič near Kamnik","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Destroyed_bridge_in_Stahovica_%282023%29.jpg/220px-Destroyed_bridge_in_Stahovica_%282023%29.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"2023 floods in Slovenia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2023_floods_in_Slovenia"},{"title":"Weather of 2023","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_of_2023"}]
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Retrieved 7 August 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05963-x","url_text":"\"Cyclonic activity in the Mediterranean region from a high-resolution perspective using ECMWF ERA5 dataset\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00382-021-05963-x","url_text":"10.1007/s00382-021-05963-x"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)","url_text":"hdl"},{"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585%2F880546","url_text":"11585/880546"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1432-0894","url_text":"1432-0894"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230810163538/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-021-05963-x","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Setchell, Helen (19 February 2020). \"ECMWF Reanalysis v5\". ECMWF. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/dataset/ecmwf-reanalysis-v5","url_text":"\"ECMWF Reanalysis v5\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230804184116/https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/dataset/ecmwf-reanalysis-v5","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Conrad, V. (1 April 1943). \"The Climate of the Mediterranean Region\". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 24 (4): 127–145. doi:10.1175/1520-0477-24.4.127. ISSN 0003-0007. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/24/4/1520-0477-24_4_127.xml","url_text":"\"The Climate of the Mediterranean Region\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0477-24.4.127","url_text":"10.1175/1520-0477-24.4.127"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0007","url_text":"0003-0007"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230807125448/https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/24/4/1520-0477-24_4_127.xml","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"NDR. \"Sturm im Norden: Fährausfälle auch am Mittwoch\". www.ndr.de (in German). Retrieved 11 August 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/info/Sturm-im-Norden-Faehrausfaelle-auch-am-Mittwoch,sturm4028.html","url_text":"\"Sturm im Norden: Fährausfälle auch am Mittwoch\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire-Tyne_Tees_Television
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Yorkshire-Tyne Tees Television
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["1 History","2 References","3 External links"]
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Yorkshire-Tyne Tees TelevisionLogo used from 1992 – 1994.Company typePrivateIndustryMediaPredecessorYorkshire Television;Tyne Tees TelevisionFoundedJune 1992; 32 years ago (1992-06)DefunctJune 26, 1997; 26 years ago (1997-06-26)FateAcquired by Granada Media GroupArea served
Yorkshire
Lincolnshire
Derbyshire (parts)
Nottinghamshire (parts)
County Durham
Northumberland (majority)
Teesside
Tyne and Wear
North Yorkshire (part)
Cumbria (Alston area)
ProductsBroadcasting
Yorkshire-Tyne Tees Television was a British broadcasting company, which is now part of ITV plc.
History
The company was created in June 1992 from the merger of the Independent Television broadcasters Yorkshire Television and Tyne Tees Television in England, United Kingdom. YTT was effected by the overbidding for its franchises in 1992. The company lost £7.9m in 1993, compared with a pretax profit of £16.7m in 1992. Yorkshire Television founder, Ward Thomas was recalled from retirement to change the company's fortunes in and around 1994, the company managed profits of £10.5m for a 15-month period, reflecting the changed year-end. Bruce Gyngell, the former chairman of breakfast station TV-am, became YTT's managing director on 15 May 1995.
In 1974 Yorkshire and Tyne Tees had previously been taken over by Trident Television, as a joint holding company, to allocate advertising revenue from the Bilsdale transmitter which covered part of both areas. They were forced to de-merge by the IBA in 1980. The Broadcasting Act 1990 allowed ITV contractors to merge again.
The company was purchased by Granada Media Group on 26 June 1997, GMG having been formed by a merger between Granada Television and London Weekend Television. In February 2004, Granada plc ultimately went on to merge with Carlton Communications, forming ITV plc. The takeover of Yorkshire-Tyne Tees Television was thought to be worth about £800m. Three months later, Bruce Gyngell left the company in September 1997.
Yorkshire-Tyne Tees Television, along with Welsh franchisee HTV, later challenged a government plan for all ITV companies to be required to use a single supplier of television news. It also asked for a vote among ITV companies over whether News at Ten should be moved to another time.
References
^ Horsman, Mathew (2 May 1995). "Yorkshire snaps up former TV-am boss Bruce Gyngell". Independent on Sunday. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
External links
YTT listing on BFI.
vteITVChannelsCurrentITV (network)
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This article on a United Kingdom television channel is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ITV plc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_plc"}],"text":"Yorkshire-Tyne Tees Television was a British broadcasting company, which is now part of ITV plc.","title":"Yorkshire-Tyne Tees Television"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Independent Television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)"},{"link_name":"Yorkshire Television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_Yorkshire"},{"link_name":"Tyne Tees Television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_Tyne_Tees"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"link_name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Ward Thomas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ward_Thomas_(television_executive)"},{"link_name":"Bruce Gyngell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Gyngell"},{"link_name":"TV-am","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV-am"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Trident Television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trident_Television"},{"link_name":"Bilsdale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilsdale_transmitting_station"},{"link_name":"IBA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority"},{"link_name":"Broadcasting Act 1990","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting_Act_1990"},{"link_name":"Granada Television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_Granada"},{"link_name":"London Weekend Television","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Weekend_Television"},{"link_name":"merge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merger"},{"link_name":"Carlton Communications","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlton_Communications"},{"link_name":"ITV plc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_plc"},{"link_name":"Bruce Gyngell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Gyngell"},{"link_name":"HTV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_Wales_%26_West"},{"link_name":"News at Ten","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_News_at_Ten"}],"text":"The company was created in June 1992 from the merger of the Independent Television broadcasters Yorkshire Television and Tyne Tees Television in England, United Kingdom. YTT was effected by the overbidding for its franchises in 1992. The company lost £7.9m in 1993, compared with a pretax profit of £16.7m in 1992. Yorkshire Television founder, Ward Thomas was recalled from retirement to change the company's fortunes in and around 1994, the company managed profits of £10.5m for a 15-month period, reflecting the changed year-end. Bruce Gyngell, the former chairman of breakfast station TV-am, became YTT's managing director on 15 May 1995.[1]In 1974 Yorkshire and Tyne Tees had previously been taken over by Trident Television, as a joint holding company, to allocate advertising revenue from the Bilsdale transmitter which covered part of both areas. They were forced to de-merge by the IBA in 1980. The Broadcasting Act 1990 allowed ITV contractors to merge again.The company was purchased by Granada Media Group on 26 June 1997, GMG having been formed by a merger between Granada Television and London Weekend Television. In February 2004, Granada plc ultimately went on to merge with Carlton Communications, forming ITV plc. The takeover of Yorkshire-Tyne Tees Television was thought to be worth about £800m. Three months later, Bruce Gyngell left the company in September 1997.Yorkshire-Tyne Tees Television, along with Welsh franchisee HTV, later challenged a government plan for all ITV companies to be required to use a single supplier of television news. It also asked for a vote among ITV companies over whether News at Ten should be moved to another time.","title":"History"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Horsman, Mathew (2 May 1995). \"Yorkshire snaps up former TV-am boss Bruce Gyngell\". Independent on Sunday. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/yorkshire-snaps-up-former-tvam-boss-bruce-gyngell-1617892.html","url_text":"\"Yorkshire snaps up former TV-am boss Bruce Gyngell\""},{"url":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/yorkshire-snaps-up-former-tvam-boss-bruce-gyngell-1617892.html","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/yorkshire-snaps-up-former-tvam-boss-bruce-gyngell-1617892.html","external_links_name":"\"Yorkshire snaps up former TV-am boss Bruce Gyngell\""},{"Link":"https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/yorkshire-snaps-up-former-tvam-boss-bruce-gyngell-1617892.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080321192514/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/organisation/144202","external_links_name":"YTT listing on BFI."},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yorkshire-Tyne_Tees_Television&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_v._Massachusetts_State_Police
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Jean v. Massachusetts State Police
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["1 Background","2 Procedural history","3 Ruling of the District Court","4 Appeals","5 Cases cited in court proceedings","6 References"]
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Jean v. Massachusetts State PoliceCourtUnited States District Court for the District of MassachusettsFull case nameJean v. Massachusetts State Police, et al. DecidedJune 22, 2007Citations4:06CV40031 (District); No. 06-1775 (Appeals)Court membershipJudge sittingF. Dennis Saylor IV
Jean v. Massachusetts State Police, 492 F.3d 24 (1st Cir. 2007) is a case concerning the legality of posting a video on the internet obtained by another source through illegal means, which in this case involve use of a nanny cam to record others. The plaintiff filed for a permanent injunction against the defendants, who issued a cease-and-desist order regarding a video posted on the plaintiff's website. The defendants claimed the video was in violation of Massachusetts law M.G.L c 272 § 99, which defines the secret recording of audio without the consent of the persons recorded as interception, and subject to prosecution as a felony due to the presence of audio in the videorecording. The court's decision drew heavily off of previous court case Bartnicki v. Vopper. The court's decision held that it was legal to post such a video which was lawfully obtained from another, especially regarding a matter of public concern.
Background
Mary Jean, a local political activist in Worcester, Massachusetts, maintained a website displaying articles and other information critical of former Worcester County District Attorney John Conte. (The site, Conte2006.com, is no longer in operation.) In October 2005, Paul Pechonis contacted Jean, who he had not previously met. Pechonis explained that on September 29, 2005, he was arrested at his home for a misdemeanor, after which the police proceeded to conduct a warrantless search of his home. The search was captured on Pechonis' child security system, or "nanny cam." It was not resolved whether the recording was intentional or accidental. He offered the recording to Jean, who posted it to her website on January 29, including an editorial comment critical of Conte's performance in office. During the court proceedings, it was assumed that when Jean accepted the tape, she had reason to know that it had been illegally recorded.
Procedural history
News of the footage spread, and on February 14, the Massachusetts State Police sent a cease-and-desist letter demanding that Jean remove the video within 48 hours or face criminal action. The letter cited Massachusetts law M.G.L c 272 § 99, stating that "this secret, unauthorized audio/video recording is in violation and subject to prosecution as a felony." This law defines interception as, "to secretly hear, secretly record, or aid another to secretly hear or secretly record the contents of any wire or oral communication through the use of any intercepting device by any person other than a person given prior authority by all parties to such communication." The police sent a second letter on March 29, which clarified the previous letter by stating that, given the statute's limitation to "wire or oral communications," Jean would not be in violation if she removed the audio portion of the recording from her website.
In response, Jean filed a lawsuit in federal court requesting an injunction to prevent the Massachusetts police from pursuing legal action. Jean sought both an immediate temporary restraining order and a permanent injunction that would prevent the police from taking any action against her related to the video. Citing her rights to free speech under the First Amendment, Jean sought to preclude defendants from threatening her with prosecution or enforcing section 99 against her. The order did state, however, that it did not authorize State Police from undertaking ordinary and lawful law enforcement investigatory and enforcement activities, including any such activities that are targeted at Paul Pechonis or Mary T. Jean. The court granted the restraining order on the day the complaint was filed, which prevented the police from interfering with Jean's disclosure, use, or display, including posting on the internet, of the audio/video recording.
Ruling of the District Court
The District Court ultimately granted the permanent injunction. The court assumed for the sake of argument that Jean had reason to know that the recording might have been illegal when she posted it. Finding a public interest in Jean's publication of the information contained in the video, the court decided that the police's duty to restrain illegal recording could not counterbalance Jean's free speech rights. Key to this decision was the fact that Jean did not record the event herself, thus punishing her would not serve the same deterrence goals as would punishing the recorder.
Appeals
The United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit upheld the injunction, echoing the lower court's comments regarding the balancing of free speech versus the police's law-enforcing goals. It was noted that Jean herself played no part in the recording of the video, that she had obtained the tape lawfully, and that the videotape related to a matter of public concern.
The court concluded that government interests in preserving privacy and deterring illegal interceptions were less compelling in this case than in Bartnicki v. Vopper, and Jean's circumstances were otherwise materially indistinguishable from those of the defendants in Bartnicki, whose publication of an illegally intercepted tape was protected by the First Amendment. Jean's publication of the recording on her website was thus entitled to the same First Amendment protection. Consequently, they agreed with the district court that Jean had a reasonable likelihood of success on the merits of her suit for a permanent injunction.
Cases cited in court proceedings
Bartnicki v. Vopper, 532 U.S. 514 (2001)
Wine & Spirits Retailers, Inc. v. Rhode Island, 418 F.3rd 36, 46 (1st Cir. 2005)
Bl(a)ck Tea Soc'y v. City of Boston, 378 F.3d 8, 11 (1st Cir. 2004)
Floyd Abrams and Smith v. Daily Mail Publishing Co., 443 U.S. 97, 103 (1979)
Boehner v. McDermott, 191 F.3d 463, 484-85 (D.C. Cir. 1999)
Boehner v. McDermott, 2007 WL 1246438 (D.C. Cir. May 1, 2007)(en banc)
References
^ a b c d e f g "Jean v. Massachusetts State Police Appeal" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
^ The Citizen Media Law Project: Massachusetts State police v. Jean
^ Cease and Desist Letter, Feb 14 2006
^ Massachusetts General Law c 272 § 99
^ Temporary Restraining Order, Feb 17 2006
^ "Jean v. Massachusetts State Police, 492 F.3d 24 (1st Cir. 2007)". Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bartnicki v. Vopper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartnicki_v._Vopper"}],"text":"Jean v. Massachusetts State Police, 492 F.3d 24 (1st Cir. 2007) is a case concerning the legality of posting a video on the internet obtained by another source through illegal means, which in this case involve use of a nanny cam to record others. The plaintiff filed for a permanent injunction against the defendants, who issued a cease-and-desist order regarding a video posted on the plaintiff's website. The defendants claimed the video was in violation of Massachusetts law M.G.L c 272 § 99, which defines the secret recording of audio without the consent of the persons recorded as interception, and subject to prosecution as a felony due to the presence of audio in the videorecording. The court's decision drew heavily off of previous court case Bartnicki v. Vopper. The court's decision held that it was legal to post such a video which was lawfully obtained from another, especially regarding a matter of public concern.","title":"Jean v. Massachusetts State Police"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Worcester, Massachusetts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts"},{"link_name":"Worcester County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester_County,_Massachusetts"},{"link_name":"District Attorney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_Attorney"},{"link_name":"John Conte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Conte_(politician)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-appeal-1"},{"link_name":"misdemeanor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misdemeanor"},{"link_name":"nanny cam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanny_cam"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CML-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-appeal-1"}],"text":"Mary Jean, a local political activist in Worcester, Massachusetts, maintained a website displaying articles and other information critical of former Worcester County District Attorney John Conte.[1] (The site, Conte2006.com, is no longer in operation.) In October 2005, Paul Pechonis contacted Jean, who he had not previously met. Pechonis explained that on September 29, 2005, he was arrested at his home for a misdemeanor, after which the police proceeded to conduct a warrantless search of his home. The search was captured on Pechonis' child security system, or \"nanny cam.\"[2] It was not resolved whether the recording was intentional or accidental. He offered the recording to Jean, who posted it to her website on January 29, including an editorial comment critical of Conte's performance in office. During the court proceedings, it was assumed that when Jean accepted the tape, she had reason to know that it had been illegally recorded.[1]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Massachusetts State Police","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_State_Police"},{"link_name":"cease-and-desist letter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cease-and-desist_letter"},{"link_name":"felony","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felony"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CDM-3"},{"link_name":"interception","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interception"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MGL-4"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-appeal-1"},{"link_name":"lawsuit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawsuit"},{"link_name":"injunction","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injunction"},{"link_name":"restraining order","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restraining_order"},{"link_name":"First Amendment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-appeal-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-TRO-5"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-appeal-1"}],"text":"News of the footage spread, and on February 14, the Massachusetts State Police sent a cease-and-desist letter demanding that Jean remove the video within 48 hours or face criminal action. The letter cited Massachusetts law M.G.L c 272 § 99, stating that \"this secret, unauthorized audio/video recording is in violation [...] and subject to prosecution as a felony.\"[3] This law defines interception as, \"to secretly hear, secretly record, or aid another to secretly hear or secretly record the contents of any wire or oral communication through the use of any intercepting device by any person other than a person given prior authority by all parties to such communication.\"[4] The police sent a second letter on March 29, which clarified the previous letter by stating that, given the statute's limitation to \"wire or oral communications,\" Jean would not be in violation if she removed the audio portion of the recording from her website.[1]In response, Jean filed a lawsuit in federal court requesting an injunction to prevent the Massachusetts police from pursuing legal action. Jean sought both an immediate temporary restraining order and a permanent injunction that would prevent the police from taking any action against her related to the video. Citing her rights to free speech under the First Amendment, Jean sought to preclude defendants from threatening her with prosecution or enforcing section 99 against her.[1] The order did state, however, that it did not authorize State Police from undertaking ordinary and lawful law enforcement investigatory and enforcement activities, including any such activities that are targeted at Paul Pechonis or Mary T. Jean.[5] The court granted the restraining order on the day the complaint was filed, which prevented the police from interfering with Jean's disclosure, use, or display, including posting on the internet, of the audio/video recording.[1]","title":"Procedural history"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-appeal-1"}],"text":"The District Court ultimately granted the permanent injunction. The court assumed for the sake of argument that Jean had reason to know that the recording might have been illegal when she posted it. Finding a public interest in Jean's publication of the information contained in the video, the court decided that the police's duty to restrain illegal recording could not counterbalance Jean's free speech rights. Key to this decision was the fact that Jean did not record the event herself, thus punishing her would not serve the same deterrence goals as would punishing the recorder.[1]","title":"Ruling of the District Court"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_First_Circuit"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Decision_on_appeal-6"},{"link_name":"Bartnicki v. Vopper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartnicki_v._Vopper"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-appeal-1"}],"text":"The United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit upheld the injunction, echoing the lower court's comments regarding the balancing of free speech versus the police's law-enforcing goals.[6] It was noted that Jean herself played no part in the recording of the video, that she had obtained the tape lawfully, and that the videotape related to a matter of public concern.The court concluded that government interests in preserving privacy and deterring illegal interceptions were less compelling in this case than in Bartnicki v. Vopper, and Jean's circumstances were otherwise materially indistinguishable from those of the defendants in Bartnicki, whose publication of an illegally intercepted tape was protected by the First Amendment. Jean's publication of the recording on her website was thus entitled to the same First Amendment protection. Consequently, they agreed with the district court that Jean had a reasonable likelihood of success on the merits of her suit for a permanent injunction.[1]","title":"Appeals"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bartnicki v. Vopper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartnicki_v._Vopper"},{"link_name":"Floyd Abrams and Smith v. Daily Mail Publishing Co.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floyd_Abrams_and_Smith_v._Daily_Mail_Publishing_Co."}],"text":"Bartnicki v. Vopper, 532 U.S. 514 (2001)\nWine & Spirits Retailers, Inc. v. Rhode Island, 418 F.3rd 36, 46 (1st Cir. 2005)\nBl(a)ck Tea Soc'y v. City of Boston, 378 F.3d 8, 11 (1st Cir. 2004)\nFloyd Abrams and Smith v. Daily Mail Publishing Co., 443 U.S. 97, 103 (1979)\nBoehner v. McDermott, 191 F.3d 463, 484-85 (D.C. Cir. 1999)\nBoehner v. McDermott, 2007 WL 1246438 (D.C. Cir. May 1, 2007)(en banc)","title":"Cases cited in court proceedings"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Jean v. Massachusetts State Police Appeal\" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110721065446/http://www.ca1.uscourts.gov/pdf.opinions/06-1775-01A.pdf","url_text":"\"Jean v. Massachusetts State Police Appeal\""},{"url":"http://www.ca1.uscourts.gov/pdf.opinions/06-1775-01A.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Jean v. Massachusetts State Police, 492 F.3d 24 (1st Cir. 2007)\". Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090601210332/http://www.ca1.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/getopn.pl?OPINION=06-1775.01A","url_text":"\"Jean v. Massachusetts State Police, 492 F.3d 24 (1st Cir. 2007)\""},{"url":"http://www.ca1.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/getopn.pl?OPINION=06-1775.01A","url_text":"the original"}]}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Schneider_(writer)
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Paul Schneider (writer)
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["1 Star Trek","2 Filmography","2.1 Films","2.2 Television","3 References","4 External links"]
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American novelist
For other uses, see Paul Schneider (disambiguation).
Paul SchneiderBorn(1923-08-04)August 4, 1923Passaic, New Jersey, USDiedOctober 13, 2008(2008-10-13) (aged 85)Riverside, California, USOccupationTelevision screenwriterPeriod1952 – 1989
Paul Schneider (August 4, 1923 – October 13, 2008) was an American screenwriter who worked in television and film between the 1950s and the 1980s.
Star Trek
Schneider is probably best remembered for two episodes of the original Star Trek series: "Balance of Terror" and "The Squire of Gothos". The first of these introduced the Romulans – which became one of the main alien races in the Star Trek universe. The second episode introduces a "Q"-like lifeform which terrorizes the crew. He also wrote the episode "The Terratin Incident" for the animated Star Trek series.
Filmography
Schneider wrote for several other films and television series, including Mr. Magoo, Bonanza, Ironside, The Six Million Dollar Man and Buck Rogers in the 25th Century.
Films
Year
Movie
Credit
Notes
1955
The Looters
Story By
1959
1001 Arabian Nights
Written By
1966
That Tennessee Beat
Written By
1972
Lapin 360
Written By
Based on his novel "Delia", Co-Wrote screenplay with "Herb Margolis".
1989
Options
Written By, Associate Producer
Television
Year
TV Series
Credit
Notes
1952
The Dog Snatcher
Writer
Cartoon Short
1953
The Pride of the Family
Writer
Pilot Episode
1954
Kangaroo Courting
Writer
Cartoon Short
1955
The Eddie Cantor Comedy Theatre
Writer
4 Episodes
1957-58
How to Marry a Millionaire
Writer
5 Episodes
1958-59
The Ed Wynn Show
Writer
2 Episodes
1959
The DuPont Show with June Allyson
Writer
1 Episode
1960
Manhunt
Writer
1 Episode
1961-62
Shannon
Writer
2 Episodes
1962
Ben Casey
Writer
1 Episode
77 Sunset Strip
Writer
1 Episode
Wide Country
Writer
1 Episode
1963-64
Dr. Kildare
Writer
2 Episodes
1964
Mr. Novak
Writer
1 Episode
The Lieutenant
Writer
1 Episode
Kraft Suspense Theatre
Writer
1 Episode
1965
The Big Valley
Writer
1 Episode
1965-67
Bonanza
Writer
5 Episodes
1966-67
Star Trek
Writer
2 Episodes
1968
The F.B.I.
Writer
3 Episodes
1969
Ironside
Writer
1 Episode
1969-74
Marcus Welby, M.D.
Writer
11 Episodes
1970-73
The Mod Squad
Writer
2 Episodes
1972
Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law
Writer
1 Episode
1973
Star Trek: The Animated Series
Writer
1 Episode
The Starlost
Writer
1 Episode
1974-76
The Six Million Dollar Man
Writer
3 Episodes
1975
Swiss Family Robinson
Writer
1 Episode
1980
Eight Is Enough
Writer
1 Episode
1981
Buck Rogers in the 25th Century
Writer
2 Episodes
1982
King's Crossing
Writer
1 Episode
References
External links
Paul Schneider at IMDb
Paul Schneider at Memory Alpha
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Spain
United States
This article about an American science fiction writer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This article about a television writer from the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This article about a novelist of the United States born in the 1920s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Paul Schneider (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Schneider_(disambiguation)"}],"text":"For other uses, see Paul Schneider (disambiguation).Paul Schneider (August 4, 1923 – October 13, 2008) was an American screenwriter who worked in television and film between the 1950s and the 1980s.","title":"Paul Schneider (writer)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Star Trek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series"},{"link_name":"Balance of Terror","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_Terror"},{"link_name":"The Squire of Gothos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Squire_of_Gothos"},{"link_name":"Romulans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romulan"},{"link_name":"Star Trek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek"},{"link_name":"Q","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(Star_Trek)"},{"link_name":"The Terratin Incident","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Terratin_Incident"},{"link_name":"animated Star Trek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Animated_Series"}],"text":"Schneider is probably best remembered for two episodes of the original Star Trek series: \"Balance of Terror\" and \"The Squire of Gothos\". The first of these introduced the Romulans – which became one of the main alien races in the Star Trek universe. The second episode introduces a \"Q\"-like lifeform which terrorizes the crew. He also wrote the episode \"The Terratin Incident\" for the animated Star Trek series.","title":"Star Trek"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mr. Magoo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Magoo"},{"link_name":"Bonanza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonanza"},{"link_name":"Ironside","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironside_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"The Six Million Dollar Man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Six_Million_Dollar_Man"},{"link_name":"Buck Rogers in the 25th Century","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buck_Rogers_in_the_25th_Century_(TV_series)"}],"text":"Schneider wrote for several other films and television series, including Mr. Magoo, Bonanza, Ironside, The Six Million Dollar Man and Buck Rogers in the 25th Century.","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Films","title":"Filmography"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Television","title":"Filmography"}]
|
[]
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[]
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[{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0773971/","external_links_name":"Paul Schneider"},{"Link":"https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Paul_Schneider","external_links_name":"Paul Schneider"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000358345338","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/187313639","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmhQv9HkGW4rWBr9GVpyd","external_links_name":"WorldCat"},{"Link":"http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5062852","external_links_name":"Spain"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2013122036","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Schneider_(writer)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Schneider_(writer)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Schneider_(writer)&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_submarine_U-3514
|
German submarine U-3514
|
["1 Design","2 Service history","3 References","4 Sources","5 External links"]
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Coordinates: 56°00′N 10°05′W / 56.000°N 10.083°W / 56.000; -10.083German World War II submarine
History
Nazi Germany
NameU-3514
Ordered6 November 1943
BuilderF Schichau GmbH, Danzig
Yard number1659
Laid down21 August 1944
Launched21 October 1944
Commissioned9 December 1944
Fate
Surrendered on 9 May 1945
Sunk on 12 February 1946 during Operation Deadlight
General characteristics
Class and typeType XXI submarine
Displacement
1,621 t (1,595 long tons) surfaced
1,819 t (1,790 long tons) submerged
Length
76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a)
60.50 m (198 ft 6 in) (p/h)
Beam
8 m (26 ft 3 in) (o/a)
5.3 m (17 ft 5 in) (p/h)
Height11.30 m (37 ft 1 in)
Draught6.32 m (20 ft 9 in)
Installed power
4,000 PS (2,900 kW; 3,900 shp) (diesel drive)
5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp) (standard electric drive)
226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp) (silent electric drive)
Propulsion
Diesel/Electric
2 × MAN M6V40/46KBB supercharged 6-cylinder diesel engines
2 × SSW GU365/30 double-acting electric motors
2 × SSW GV232/28 silent running electric motors
Speed
Surfaced:
15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) (diesel)
17.9 knots (33.2 km/h; 20.6 mph) (electric)
Submerged:
17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph) (electric)
6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph) (silent running motors)
Range
15,500 nmi (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
340 nmi (630 km; 390 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) submerged
Test depth280 m (920 ft)
Complement57–60 crewmen
Sensors and processing systems
Type F432 D2 Radar Transmitter
FuMB Ant 3 Bali Radar Detector
Armament
6 × bow torpedo tubes
23 × 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedoes or 17 × torpedoes and 12 × TMC mines
4 × 2 cm (0.8 in) AA guns or
4 × 3.7 cm (1.5 in) AA guns
Service record
Part of:
8th U-boat Flotilla
9 December 1944 – 15 February 1945
5th U-boat Flotilla
16 February – 8 May 1945
Identification codes:
M 49 572Commanders:
Oblt.z.S. Günther Fritze
9 December 1944 – 5 May 1945
Kptlt. Klaus Willeke
6 – 9 May 1945
Operations:
NoneVictories:
None
German submarine U-3514 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 21 August 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1659. She was launched on 21 October 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Günther Fritze on 9 December 1944.
Design
Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3514 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-3514 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.
Service history
On 9 May 1945, U-3514 surrendered at Bergen, Norway. She was transferred to Lisahally, Northern Ireland on 6 June 1945, arriving on 8 June 1945.
U-3514 was held at Lisahally until January 1946, when she was taken to Moville. She was being held up in reserve just in case one of the Type XXI that had been transferred to the Soviets after the war did not arrive intact. Then on 7 February 1946, she was ordered to be part of Operation Deadlight. Two days later, on 9 February, she left Moville to be towed to her scuttling area, arriving on the morning of 12 February. HMS Loch Arkaig began the scuttling process at 09:36 using her QF 4 in (100 mm) Mark V gun, "Squid" depth charges, and "Shark" shells, fired from the four-inch gun. U-3514 sank at 10:04, becoming the last U-boat sunk during Operation Deadlight.
The wreck is at 56°00′N 10°05′W / 56.000°N 10.083°W / 56.000; -10.083.
References
^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Günther Fritze". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Klaus Willeke". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
^ a b c Helgason, Guðmundur. "U-3514". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
^ a b c d Gröner 1991, p. 85.
^ "Britain ASW Weapons". Navweaps. 28 November 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
Sources
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
External links
Helgason, Guðmundur. "U-3514". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
vteGerman Type XXI submarines
U-2501
U-2502
U-2503
U-2504
U-2505
U-2506
U-2507
U-2508
U-2509
U-2510
U-2511
U-2512
U-2513
U-2514
U-2515
U-2516
U-2517
U-2518
U-2519
U-2520
U-2521
U-2522
U-2523
U-2524
U-2525
U-2526
U-2527
U-2528
U-2529
U-2530
U-2531
U-2533
U-2534
U-2535
U-2536
U-2538
U-2539
U-2540
U-2541
U-2542
U-2543
U-2544
U-2545
U-2546
U-2548
U-2551
U-2552
U-3001
U-3002
U-3003
U-3004
U-3005
U-3006
U-3007
U-3008
U-3009
U-3010
U-3011
U-3012
U-3013
U-3014
U-3015
U-3016
U-3017
U-3018
U-3019
U-3020
U-3021
U-3022
U-3023
U-3024
U-3025
U-3026
U-3027
U-3028
U-3029
U-3030
U-3031
U-3032
U-3033
U-3034
U-3035
U-3037
U-3038
U-3039
U-3040
U-3041
U-3044
U-3501
U-3502
U-3503
U-3504
U-3505
U-3506
U-3507
U-3508
U-3509
U-3510
U-3511
U-3512
U-3513
U-3514
U-3515
U-3516
U-3517
U-3518
U-3519
U-3520
U-3521
U-3522
U-3523
U-3524
U-3525
U-3526
U-3527
U-3528
U-3529
U-3530
Preceded by: Type XVII
Followed by: Type XXIII
List of U-boats of Germany
vteShipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1946Shipwrecks
1 Jan: USS Dorsey
2 Jan: U-516, U-2502
3 Jan: Empire Tigachi, U-825, U-2336, U-2351
5 Jan: U-541, U-901, U-2506
6 Jan: U-1109, U-2356
7 Jan: U-1010, U-1023, U-2511
8 Jan: HMS Safari
14 Jan: USS Snowbell, USS Southard
28 Jan: Bluenose
30 Jan: Luray Victory
January (unknown date): Akagi Maru
2 Feb: U-764
3 Feb: I-505
5 Feb: U-1228
10 Feb: U-975
12 Feb: I-501, U-3514
14 Feb: Fulham VII
15 Feb: I-502, I-506
February (unknown date): U-1197
1 Mar: Sackett's Harbor
4 Mar: USS Extricate
6 Mar: George W. Norris
11 Mar: USS Roche
16 Mar: Karl Leonhardt
26 Mar: Z34
27 Mar: HM LST-405
1 Apr: Charles S. Haight, Ha-103, Ha-105, Ha-106, Ha-107, Ha-108, Ha-109, Ha-111, Ha-201, Ha-202, Ha-203, Ha-208, I-36, I-47, I-53, I-58, I-156, I-157, I-158, I-159, I-162, I-366, I-367, I-402, Ro-50
4 Apr: USS S-35
5 Apr: Ha-207, Ha-210, Ha-216, I-202, Ro-31
8 Apr: USS Despatch
9 Apr: Empire Bridge
16 Apr: I-503, I-504
21 Apr: Empire Christopher
24 Apr: Alfios
30 Apr: Georgetown Victory, I-121, Ro-68, Ro-500, USS Solar, HMS Stubborn, HMAS Tolga
1 May: HMS Tarantula
8 May: I-153, I-154, I-155
9 May: Ha-205
14 May: USS Bellona
21 May: I-203
23 May: I-201
24 May: DD-224 (ex-USS Stewart)
28 May: I-14
31 May: I-401
May (unknown date): Ro-62, Ro-63
4 Jun: I-400, Kunashiri
7 Jun: Kamikaze
8 Jun: Myōkō
9 Jun: USS Solar
1 Jul: USS Anderson, USS Carlisle, USS Gilliam, USS Lamson, Sakawa
25 Jul: USS Apogon, USS Arkansas, USS LSM-60, USS Pilotfish, USS Saratoga, USS Skipjack
30 Jul: Nagato
2 Aug: Empire Cross
August (unknown date): I-372
19 Sep: Ohio
16 Oct: Cassius Hudson
17 Oct: HMAS Waree
19 Oct: Takao
13 Nov: U-977
20 Nov: Albany
27 Nov: Laksnes
2 Dec: HMCS Middlesex
6 Dec: N35
8 Dec: Liberté, HMS Saltburn
16 Dec: Leipzig, Z29
22 Dec: Prinz Eugen
24 Dec: Northeastern Victory
26 Dec: Brigadier General M. G. Zalinski
31 Dec: Monte Pascoal, Schwabenland
Unknown date: Claus Von Bevern, HMS Truant, Yu 1007
Other incidents
26 Jan: I-201
29 Jan: I-203
10 Feb: HMS Saga
14 Feb: Alfred Victory
3 Mar: Orphée
17 Apr: USS Wasp
8 May: HMS Orion (Corfu Channel incident), HMS Superb (Corfu Channel incident)
15 May: HMS Diomede
1 Jul: Prinz Eugen
25 Jul: Nagato, Prinz Eugen
Jul: Patrick Henry
24 Sep RFA Green Ranger
22 Oct: HMS Mauritius, (Corfu Channel incident), HMS Leander ;(Corfu Channel incident), HMS Saumarez (Corfu Channel incident), HMS Volage (Corfu Channel incident)
12 Nov: HMS Ocean (Corfu Channel incident)
8 Dec: Empire Eden
6 Dec: Niels Poulson
Unknown date: Brown Bear, I-201, I-203
1945 1947 December 1945
|
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She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 21 August 1944 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1659. She was launched on 21 October 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Günther Fritze on 9 December 1944.[3]","title":"German submarine U-3514"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Type XXI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_XXI_submarine"},{"link_name":"U-boats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-boat"},{"link_name":"o/a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O/a"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr%C3%B6ner199185-4"},{"link_name":"MAN SE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAN_SE"},{"link_name":"metric horsepower","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_horsepower"},{"link_name":"kilowatts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilowatt"},{"link_name":"shaft horsepower","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower"},{"link_name":"Siemens-Schuckert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens-Schuckert"},{"link_name":"double-acting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor%E2%80%93generator"},{"link_name":"silent running","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_running_(submarine)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr%C3%B6ner199185-4"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr%C3%B6ner199185-4"},{"link_name":"torpedo tubes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo_tube"},{"link_name":"2 cm (0.79 in) C/30","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_cm_FlaK_30"},{"link_name":"anti-aircraft guns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare"},{"link_name":"torpedoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo"},{"link_name":"mines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_mine"},{"link_name":"complement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship%27s_company"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGr%C3%B6ner199185-4"}],"text":"Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3514 had a displacement of 1,621 tonnes (1,595 long tons) when at the surface and 1,819 tonnes (1,790 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 76.70 m (251 ft 8 in) (o/a), a beam of 8 m (26 ft 3 in), and a draught of 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in).[4] The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing 4,000 metric horsepower (2,900 kilowatts; 3,900 shaft horsepower), two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing 5,000 PS (3,700 kW; 4,900 shp), and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing 226 PS (166 kW; 223 shp).[4]The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 15.6 knots (28.9 km/h; 18.0 mph) and a submerged speed of 17.2 knots (31.9 km/h; 19.8 mph). When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of 6.1 knots (11.3 km/h; 7.0 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) for 340 nautical miles (630 km; 390 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 15,500 nautical miles (28,700 km; 17,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).[4] U-3514 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes in the bow and four 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.[4]","title":"Design"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bergen, Norway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergen,_Norway"},{"link_name":"Lisahally","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisahally"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-uboat-3"},{"link_name":"Moville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moville"},{"link_name":"Soviets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union"},{"link_name":"Operation Deadlight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Deadlight"},{"link_name":"scuttling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuttling"},{"link_name":"HMS Loch Arkaig","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Loch_Arkaig_(K603)"},{"link_name":"QF 4 in (100 mm) Mark V gun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QF_4_inch_Mk_V_naval_gun"},{"link_name":"\"Squid\" depth charges","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squid_(weapon)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-uboat-3"},{"link_name":"56°00′N 10°05′W / 56.000°N 10.083°W / 56.000; -10.083","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=German_submarine_U-3514¶ms=56_00_N_10_05_W_"}],"text":"On 9 May 1945, U-3514 surrendered at Bergen, Norway. She was transferred to Lisahally, Northern Ireland on 6 June 1945, arriving on 8 June 1945.[3]U-3514 was held at Lisahally until January 1946, when she was taken to Moville. She was being held up in reserve just in case one of the Type XXI that had been transferred to the Soviets after the war did not arrive intact. Then on 7 February 1946, she was ordered to be part of Operation Deadlight. Two days later, on 9 February, she left Moville to be towed to her scuttling area, arriving on the morning of 12 February. HMS Loch Arkaig began the scuttling process at 09:36 using her QF 4 in (100 mm) Mark V gun, \"Squid\" depth charges, and \"Shark\" shells,[5] fired from the four-inch gun. U-3514 sank at 10:04, becoming the last U-boat sunk during Operation Deadlight.[3]The wreck is at 56°00′N 10°05′W / 56.000°N 10.083°W / 56.000; -10.083.","title":"Service history"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1-55750-186-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-186-6"},{"link_name":"Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.google.com/books/edition/Der_U_Boot_Krieg_1939_1945_Deutsche_U_Bo/vXKwAAAAIAAJ?hl=en"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"3-8132-0514-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8132-0514-2"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-85177-593-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-593-4"}],"text":"Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.\nBusch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.\nGröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.","title":"Sources"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Helgason, Guðmundur. \"Günther Fritze\". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 26 April 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://uboat.net/men/commanders/329.html","url_text":"\"Günther Fritze\""}]},{"reference":"Helgason, Guðmundur. \"Klaus Willeke\". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 26 April 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://uboat.net/men/commanders/863.html","url_text":"\"Klaus Willeke\""}]},{"reference":"Helgason, Guðmundur. \"U-3514\". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 26 April 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://uboat.net/boats/u3514.htm","url_text":"\"U-3514\""}]},{"reference":"\"Britain ASW Weapons\". Navweaps. 28 November 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WAMBR_ASW.htm","url_text":"\"Britain ASW Weapons\""}]},{"reference":"Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-186-6","url_text":"1-55750-186-6"}]},{"reference":"Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Der_U_Boot_Krieg_1939_1945_Deutsche_U_Bo/vXKwAAAAIAAJ?hl=en","url_text":"Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8132-0514-2","url_text":"3-8132-0514-2"}]},{"reference":"Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-593-4","url_text":"0-85177-593-4"}]},{"reference":"Helgason, Guðmundur. \"U-3514\". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 26 April 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://uboat.net/boats/u3514.htm","url_text":"\"U-3514\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=German_submarine_U-3514¶ms=56_00_N_10_05_W_","external_links_name":"56°00′N 10°05′W / 56.000°N 10.083°W / 56.000; -10.083"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=German_submarine_U-3514¶ms=56_00_N_10_05_W_","external_links_name":"56°00′N 10°05′W / 56.000°N 10.083°W / 56.000; -10.083"},{"Link":"http://uboat.net/men/commanders/329.html","external_links_name":"\"Günther Fritze\""},{"Link":"http://uboat.net/men/commanders/863.html","external_links_name":"\"Klaus Willeke\""},{"Link":"http://uboat.net/boats/u3514.htm","external_links_name":"\"U-3514\""},{"Link":"http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WAMBR_ASW.htm","external_links_name":"\"Britain ASW Weapons\""},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Der_U_Boot_Krieg_1939_1945_Deutsche_U_Bo/vXKwAAAAIAAJ?hl=en","external_links_name":"Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945"},{"Link":"http://uboat.net/boats/u3514.htm","external_links_name":"\"U-3514\""}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_Magee
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Amos Magee
|
["1 Early life and education","2 Soccer playing career","2.1 College","2.2 Maccabiah Games","2.3 Minnesota Thunder","3 Soccer coaching and front office career","3.1 Maccabiah Games","3.2 Minnesota Thunder","3.3 Portland Timbers","3.4 D.C. United","3.5 Minnesota United","4 References","5 External links"]
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Amos MageePersonal informationFull name
Amos Hart MageeDate of birth
(1971-09-07) September 7, 1971 (age 52)Place of birth
New Haven, Connecticut, United StatesHeight
5 ft 8 in (1.73 m)Position(s)
StrikerCollege careerYears
Team
Apps
(Gls)
Wesleyan Cardinals
Senior career*Years
Team
Apps
(Gls)1992–2003
Minnesota Thunder
?
(64)2000
→ Tampa Bay Mutiny (loan)
7
(0)2001–2002
→ Chicago Fire (loan)
6
(2)Managerial career2006–2008
Minnesota Thunder2007
US Maccabi2009–2010
Portland Timbers (USL) (assistant)2011–2013
Portland Timbers (assistant)2011–2013
Portland Timbers Reserves2014–2016
D.C. United (assistant)2014–2015
D.C. United U-23
*Club domestic league appearances and goals
Amos Magee
Medal record
Representing United States
Football
Maccabiah Games
1993 Maccabiah
Football
Amos Hart Magee (born September 7, 1971) is the Director of Player Personnel for Minnesota United FC. As a player, he is the Wesleyan University Cardinals all-time leading scorer, won a bronze medal with Team USA at the 1993 Maccabiah Games in Israel, is the Minnesota Thunder all-time leading scorer, and played for the Tampa Bay Mutiny and the Chicago Fire. As a coach, he was Head Coach of the Minnesota Thunder and assistant coach for D.C. United. In the front office, formerly he was Director of Soccer Development for the Portland Timbers. He has been inducted into the Wesleyan University Hall of Fame, the Minnesota Thunder Hall of Fame, and the United Soccer League Hall of Fame.
Early life and education
Magee is the son of Beatrice B. Magee and Paul T. Magee. He moved to Minnesota at 17 years of age and grew up in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he attended St. Paul Academy ('89) for two seasons, winning a state championship in 1987; he also attended East Lansing High School.
Magee received his bachelor's degree from Wesleyan University ('93), and his masters in Public Affairs from the University of Minnesota ('08).
Soccer playing career
In St. Paul he played for the local soccer team, the St. Paul Blackhawks.
College
In college, Magee helped lead Wesleyan University to an ECAC Championship and school-best record of 15–1–1 in 1991. Magee is the Cardinals all-time leading scorer (35 goals and 85 points), was an NCAA D III All-American in 1992. He was a National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA) Division III All-American in 1992, and four times was named all-New England. In 2008 he was inducted into the Wesleyan University Hall of Fame.
Maccabiah Games
Magee played for Team USA at the 1993 Maccabiah Games in Israel, winning a bronze medal. He said: "There is nothing quite like representing your country in an international competition."
Minnesota Thunder
Magee played for the Minnesota Thunder for 12 seasons, retired in 2005, is its all-time leading scorer (64 goals and 39 assists), and was inducted into the USL Hall of Fame in 2008. He had several loan stints as a player with Major League Soccer sides, one season with the Tampa Bay Mutiny and two with the Chicago Fire. During his professional career, he played with the likes of Carlos Valderrama, Tony Sanneh, Hristo Stoichkov, Ante Razov, and Manny Lagos. He was named first-team all-league in 1998, and A-League Championship MVP in 1999. He was inducted into the Minnesota Thunder Hall of Fame in 2005.
Soccer coaching and front office career
Maccabiah Games
At the 2005 Maccabiah Games in Israel, Magee assisted Team USA head coach Lev Kirshner, as the team won a silver medal. In December 2007, Magee coached the Team USA Maccabiah squad to the gold medal at the 2007 Pan American Maccabiah Games in Buenos Aires, Argentina; Al Albert was his assistant coach.
Minnesota Thunder
Magee was a player/assistant coach of the Minnesota Thunder in 2003–04, and its assistant coach from 2004 to 2005. He was named Head Coach of the Minnesota Thunder in October 2005, when he was 34 years of age. He resigned as Thunder manager on July 22, 2008, halfway through the 2008 season.
Portland Timbers
On November 21, 2008, Magee was inducted into the United Soccer League Hall of Fame.
The same day he was also named Director of Soccer Development for the Portland Timbers of the USL First Division. In the winter of 2013 Magee left the Portland Timbers for family reasons.
D.C. United
He soon was hired in January 2014 as the D.C. United's U-23 Head Coach, and assistant to the First Team
Minnesota United
In November 2016 Magee left D.C. United to become the first Director of Player Personnel for the MLS expansion team Minnesota United FC.
References
^ a b Schwartz, Paula (December 18, 2010). "Charlotte Tuttle and Amos Magee" – via NYTimes.com.
^ Supporters, Tavio Palazzolo | Motor City (May 11, 2012). "Michiganders in the Pros: Brighton's Summer Green shatters record, carries US Women's U-17 team to World Cup (video)". mlive.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ "Minnesota soccer stalwart Amos Magee joins United". November 16, 2016.
^ a b Tribune, David La Vaque Star. "Minnesota United brings back Amos Magee as player personnel director". Star Tribune.
^ "NSC Minnesota Stars Will Conduct School Supply Drive August 21 Game v Portland". insidemnsoccer.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
^ "United increases efforts to unload disappointing defender Vadim Demidov". July 18, 2017.
^ Patrick C. Borzi (2018). Minnesota Made Me
^ "Amos H. Magee '93, Hall of Fame, Athletics – Wesleyan University". wesleyan.edu.
^ a b c d e "Amos Magee '93 (2008) - Hall of Fame Inductees". Wesleyan University.
^ a b c d "Thunder coach Amos Magee to head US Maccabi soccer team". OurSports Central. March 9, 2007.
^ "15-year veteran Amos Magee hangs up cleats". OurSports Central. April 27, 2005.
^ a b "Magee takes charge of Thunder". OurSports Central. October 12, 2005.
^ "United Soccer Leagues (USL)". Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-07.
^ La Vaque, David (July 22, 2008) "Magee out as Thunder coach" Star Tribune
^ Timbers Public Relations (November 21, 2008)"Timbers add Amos Magee to team's staff" Archived February 15, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
^ Amos Magee joins D.C. United as U-23 Head Coach and Assistant Coach to the First Team (March 7, 2014)
^ "Amos Magee Joins MNUFC". Minnesota United FC. November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
External links
Wes Burdine (December 19, 2017). "'“Papa Was a Rolling Stone': Amos Magee Comes Home, Settles Down, and Builds a Team," FiftyFive.One.
"Ep. 18: Chris & Coach; Beyond the Box Score with Amos Magee ’93", Wesleyan Cardinals, February 3, 2021.
vteMinnesota United FC 2 – current squad
12 Dodson
23 Duggan
29 Weah
30 Smir
34 O'Driscoll
35 Fischer
36 Khan
38 Romanshyn
41 Vargas
42 Arias
43 Banks
44 Nyeman
45 Cruz
46 Gasho
47 Heckenlaible
48 Ibsais
51 Mawing
52 Moua
57 Randell
60 Zeruhn
61 Kelly
67 Harvey
90 Mesanvi
99 Adebayo-Smith
Head coach: Magee
Assistant coach: Hall
Goalkeeping coach: Barber
Amos Magee managerial positions
vteMinnesota Thunder – Head coaches
Lagos (1990–05)
Magee (2006–08)
Gramenz (2008–09)
vteD.C. United U-23 – Head coaches
Moreno (2011–13)
Magee (2014–)
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Minnesota United FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_United_FC"},{"link_name":"Wesleyan University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesleyan_University"},{"link_name":"1993 Maccabiah Games","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Maccabiah_Games"},{"link_name":"Minnesota Thunder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Thunder"},{"link_name":"Tampa Bay Mutiny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Mutiny"},{"link_name":"Chicago Fire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Fire_FC"},{"link_name":"D.C. United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.C._United"},{"link_name":"Portland Timbers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_Timbers"},{"link_name":"Wesleyan University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesleyan_University"},{"link_name":"United Soccer League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Soccer_League"}],"text":"Amos Hart Magee (born September 7, 1971) is the Director of Player Personnel for Minnesota United FC. As a player, he is the Wesleyan University Cardinals all-time leading scorer, won a bronze medal with Team USA at the 1993 Maccabiah Games in Israel, is the Minnesota Thunder all-time leading scorer, and played for the Tampa Bay Mutiny and the Chicago Fire. As a coach, he was Head Coach of the Minnesota Thunder and assistant coach for D.C. United. In the front office, formerly he was Director of Soccer Development for the Portland Timbers. He has been inducted into the Wesleyan University Hall of Fame, the Minnesota Thunder Hall of Fame, and the United Soccer League Hall of Fame.","title":"Amos Magee"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto4-1"},{"link_name":"St. Paul, Minnesota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"St. Paul Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Paul_Academy"},{"link_name":"East Lansing High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Lansing_High_School"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-4"},{"link_name":"Wesleyan University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesleyan_University"},{"link_name":"University of Minnesota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Minnesota"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"Magee is the son of Beatrice B. Magee and Paul T. Magee.[1] He moved to Minnesota at 17 years of age and grew up in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he attended St. Paul Academy ('89) for two seasons, winning a state championship in 1987; he also attended East Lansing High School.[2][3][4]Magee received his bachelor's degree from Wesleyan University ('93), and his masters in Public Affairs from the University of Minnesota ('08).[5]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"In St. Paul he played for the local soccer team, the St. Paul Blackhawks.[6][7]","title":"Soccer playing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Wesleyan University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesleyan_University"},{"link_name":"ECAC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECAC_Hockey"},{"link_name":"NCAA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAA"},{"link_name":"All-American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-American"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"National Soccer Coaches Association of America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Soccer_Coaches_Association_of_America"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto2-9"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto2-9"}],"sub_title":"College","text":"In college, Magee helped lead Wesleyan University to an ECAC Championship and school-best record of 15–1–1 in 1991. Magee is the Cardinals all-time leading scorer (35 goals and 85 points), was an NCAA D III All-American in 1992.[8] He was a National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA) Division III All-American in 1992, and four times was named all-New England.[9] In 2008 he was inducted into the Wesleyan University Hall of Fame.[9]","title":"Soccer playing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"1993 Maccabiah Games","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Maccabiah_Games"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto1-10"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto1-10"}],"sub_title":"Maccabiah Games","text":"Magee played for Team USA at the 1993 Maccabiah Games in Israel, winning a bronze medal.[10] He said: \"There is nothing quite like representing your country in an international competition.\"[10]","title":"Soccer playing career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Minnesota Thunder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Thunder"},{"link_name":"USL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USL"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto3-12"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-4"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Major League Soccer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Soccer"},{"link_name":"Tampa Bay Mutiny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Mutiny"},{"link_name":"Chicago Fire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Fire_S.C."},{"link_name":"Carlos Valderrama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Valderrama_(footballer)"},{"link_name":"Tony Sanneh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Sanneh"},{"link_name":"Hristo Stoichkov","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristo_Stoichkov"},{"link_name":"Ante Razov","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ante_Razov"},{"link_name":"Manny Lagos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manny_Lagos"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto2-9"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto2-9"}],"sub_title":"Minnesota Thunder","text":"Magee played for the Minnesota Thunder for 12 seasons, retired in 2005, is its all-time leading scorer (64 goals and 39 assists), and was inducted into the USL Hall of Fame in 2008.[11][12][4][13] He had several loan stints as a player with Major League Soccer sides, one season with the Tampa Bay Mutiny and two with the Chicago Fire. During his professional career, he played with the likes of Carlos Valderrama, Tony Sanneh, Hristo Stoichkov, Ante Razov, and Manny Lagos. He was named first-team all-league in 1998, and A-League Championship MVP in 1999.[9] He was inducted into the Minnesota Thunder Hall of Fame in 2005.[9]","title":"Soccer playing career"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Soccer coaching and front office career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2005 Maccabiah Games","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Maccabiah_Games"},{"link_name":"Lev Kirshner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Kirshner"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto1-10"},{"link_name":"Buenos Aires","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires"},{"link_name":"Al Albert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Albert_(soccer)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto1-10"}],"sub_title":"Maccabiah Games","text":"At the 2005 Maccabiah Games in Israel, Magee assisted Team USA head coach Lev Kirshner, as the team won a silver medal.[10] In December 2007, Magee coached the Team USA Maccabiah squad to the gold medal at the 2007 Pan American Maccabiah Games in Buenos Aires, Argentina; Al Albert was his assistant coach.[10]","title":"Soccer coaching and front office career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Minnesota Thunder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Thunder"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto2-9"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto3-12"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"sub_title":"Minnesota Thunder","text":"Magee was a player/assistant coach of the Minnesota Thunder in 2003–04, and its assistant coach from 2004 to 2005.[9] He was named Head Coach of the Minnesota Thunder in October 2005, when he was 34 years of age.[12] He resigned as Thunder manager on July 22, 2008, halfway through the 2008 season.[14]","title":"Soccer coaching and front office career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"United Soccer League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Soccer_League"},{"link_name":"Portland Timbers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_Timbers_(2001%E2%80%9310)"},{"link_name":"USL First Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USL_First_Division"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"sub_title":"Portland Timbers","text":"On November 21, 2008, Magee was inducted into the United Soccer League Hall of Fame.The same day he was also named Director of Soccer Development for the Portland Timbers of the USL First Division.[15] In the winter of 2013 Magee left the Portland Timbers for family reasons.","title":"Soccer coaching and front office career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"D.C. United","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.C._United"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"sub_title":"D.C. United","text":"He soon was hired in January 2014 as the D.C. United's U-23 Head Coach, and assistant to the First Team [16]","title":"Soccer coaching and front office career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Minnesota United FC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_United_FC"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"sub_title":"Minnesota United","text":"In November 2016 Magee left D.C. United to become the first Director of Player Personnel for the MLS expansion team Minnesota United FC.[17]","title":"Soccer coaching and front office career"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Schwartz, Paula (December 18, 2010). \"Charlotte Tuttle and Amos Magee\" – via NYTimes.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/19/fashion/weddings/19Tuttle.html","url_text":"\"Charlotte Tuttle and Amos Magee\""}]},{"reference":"Supporters, Tavio Palazzolo | Motor City (May 11, 2012). \"Michiganders in the Pros: Brighton's Summer Green shatters record, carries US Women's U-17 team to World Cup (video)\". mlive.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.mlive.com/soccer/2012/05/michiganders_in_the_pros_summer_green_carries_us_womens_u-17_team_to_world_cup.html","url_text":"\"Michiganders in the Pros: Brighton's Summer Green shatters record, carries US Women's U-17 team to World Cup (video)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Minnesota soccer stalwart Amos Magee joins United\". November 16, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.twincities.com/2016/11/16/minnesota-soccer-stalwart-amos-magee-joins-united/","url_text":"\"Minnesota soccer stalwart Amos Magee joins United\""}]},{"reference":"Tribune, David La Vaque Star. \"Minnesota United brings back Amos Magee as player personnel director\". Star Tribune.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-united-brings-back-amos-magee-as-player-personnel-director/401505925/","url_text":"\"Minnesota United brings back Amos Magee as player personnel director\""}]},{"reference":"\"NSC Minnesota Stars Will Conduct School Supply Drive August 21 Game v Portland\". insidemnsoccer.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved August 19, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110716105522/http://www.insidemnsoccer.com/2010/08/19/nsc-minnesota-stars-will-conduct-school-supply-drive-august-21-game-v-portland/","url_text":"\"NSC Minnesota Stars Will Conduct School Supply Drive August 21 Game v Portland\""},{"url":"http://www.insidemnsoccer.com/2010/08/19/nsc-minnesota-stars-will-conduct-school-supply-drive-august-21-game-v-portland/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"United increases efforts to unload disappointing defender Vadim Demidov\". July 18, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.twincities.com/2017/07/18/united-increases-efforts-to-unload-disappointing-defender-vadim-demidov/","url_text":"\"United increases efforts to unload disappointing defender Vadim Demidov\""}]},{"reference":"\"Amos H. Magee '93, Hall of Fame, Athletics – Wesleyan University\". wesleyan.edu.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.wesleyan.edu/athletics/halloffame/inductee-info/2008-fall/amos-magee.html","url_text":"\"Amos H. Magee '93, Hall of Fame, Athletics – Wesleyan University\""}]},{"reference":"\"Amos Magee '93 (2008) - Hall of Fame Inductees\". Wesleyan University.","urls":[{"url":"https://athletics.wesleyan.edu/honors/hall-of-fame-inductees/amos-magee-93/13","url_text":"\"Amos Magee '93 (2008) - Hall of Fame Inductees\""}]},{"reference":"\"Thunder coach Amos Magee to head US Maccabi soccer team\". OurSports Central. March 9, 2007.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/thunder-coach-amos-magee-to-head-us-maccabi-soccer-team/n-3435189","url_text":"\"Thunder coach Amos Magee to head US Maccabi soccer team\""}]},{"reference":"\"15-year veteran Amos Magee hangs up cleats\". OurSports Central. April 27, 2005.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/15-year-veteran-amos-magee-hangs-up-cleats/n-3153400","url_text":"\"15-year veteran Amos Magee hangs up cleats\""}]},{"reference":"\"Magee takes charge of Thunder\". OurSports Central. October 12, 2005.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/magee-takes-charge-of-thunder/n-3230444","url_text":"\"Magee takes charge of Thunder\""}]},{"reference":"\"United Soccer Leagues (USL)\". Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090302015805/http://uslsoccer.com/home/287847.html","url_text":"\"United Soccer Leagues (USL)\""},{"url":"http://www.uslsoccer.com/home/287847.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Amos Magee Joins MNUFC\". Minnesota United FC. November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mnufc.com/post/2016/11/16/amos-magee-joins-mnufc-0","url_text":"\"Amos Magee Joins MNUFC\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/19/fashion/weddings/19Tuttle.html","external_links_name":"\"Charlotte Tuttle and Amos Magee\""},{"Link":"https://www.mlive.com/soccer/2012/05/michiganders_in_the_pros_summer_green_carries_us_womens_u-17_team_to_world_cup.html","external_links_name":"\"Michiganders in the Pros: Brighton's Summer Green shatters record, carries US Women's U-17 team to World Cup (video)\""},{"Link":"https://www.twincities.com/2016/11/16/minnesota-soccer-stalwart-amos-magee-joins-united/","external_links_name":"\"Minnesota soccer stalwart Amos Magee joins United\""},{"Link":"https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-united-brings-back-amos-magee-as-player-personnel-director/401505925/","external_links_name":"\"Minnesota United brings back Amos Magee as player personnel director\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110716105522/http://www.insidemnsoccer.com/2010/08/19/nsc-minnesota-stars-will-conduct-school-supply-drive-august-21-game-v-portland/","external_links_name":"\"NSC Minnesota Stars Will Conduct School Supply Drive August 21 Game v Portland\""},{"Link":"http://www.insidemnsoccer.com/2010/08/19/nsc-minnesota-stars-will-conduct-school-supply-drive-august-21-game-v-portland/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.twincities.com/2017/07/18/united-increases-efforts-to-unload-disappointing-defender-vadim-demidov/","external_links_name":"\"United increases efforts to unload disappointing defender Vadim Demidov\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=S0BsDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Amos+Magee%22+%22blackhawks%22&pg=PT93","external_links_name":"Minnesota Made Me"},{"Link":"http://www.wesleyan.edu/athletics/halloffame/inductee-info/2008-fall/amos-magee.html","external_links_name":"\"Amos H. Magee '93, Hall of Fame, Athletics – Wesleyan University\""},{"Link":"https://athletics.wesleyan.edu/honors/hall-of-fame-inductees/amos-magee-93/13","external_links_name":"\"Amos Magee '93 (2008) - Hall of Fame Inductees\""},{"Link":"https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/thunder-coach-amos-magee-to-head-us-maccabi-soccer-team/n-3435189","external_links_name":"\"Thunder coach Amos Magee to head US Maccabi soccer team\""},{"Link":"https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/15-year-veteran-amos-magee-hangs-up-cleats/n-3153400","external_links_name":"\"15-year veteran Amos Magee hangs up cleats\""},{"Link":"https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/magee-takes-charge-of-thunder/n-3230444","external_links_name":"\"Magee takes charge of Thunder\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090302015805/http://uslsoccer.com/home/287847.html","external_links_name":"\"United Soccer Leagues (USL)\""},{"Link":"http://www.uslsoccer.com/home/287847.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.startribune.com/sports/25775264.html?location_refer=Sports","external_links_name":"\"Magee out as Thunder coach\""},{"Link":"http://www.portlandtimbers.com/newsroom/pressreleases/index.html?article_id=1029","external_links_name":"\"Timbers add Amos Magee to team's staff\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090215060845/http://www.portlandtimbers.com/newsroom/pressreleases/index.html?article_id=1029","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.dcunited.com/news/2014/03/amos-magee-joins-dc-united-as-u-23-head-coach-and-assistant-coach-to-the-first-team","external_links_name":"[1]"},{"Link":"http://www.mnufc.com/post/2016/11/16/amos-magee-joins-mnufc-0","external_links_name":"\"Amos Magee Joins MNUFC\""},{"Link":"https://fiftyfive.one/2017/12/papa-rolling-stone-amos-magee-comes-home-settles-builds-team/","external_links_name":"\"'“Papa Was a Rolling Stone': Amos Magee Comes Home, Settles Down, and Builds a Team,\""},{"Link":"https://athletics.wesleyan.edu/podcasts/ep-18-chris-coach-beyond-the-box-score-with-amos-magee-93/19","external_links_name":"\"Ep. 18: Chris & Coach; Beyond the Box Score with Amos Magee ’93\""}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature
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1st Arizona Territorial Legislature
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["1 Background","2 Legislative session","2.1 Governor's address","2.2 Howell code","2.3 Other legislation","3 Members","4 References","5 Further reading"]
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Session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature (1864)
Arizona Territorial Legislature
←Arizona Organic Act 2nd→OverviewLegislative bodyArizona Territorial LegislatureJurisdictionArizona Territory, United StatesCouncilMembers9House of RepresentativesMembers18
The 1st Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which began on September 26, 1864, in Prescott, Arizona, and ran for forty-three days. The session was responsible for enacting Arizona's first legal code, creation of the territory's first four counties, and authorizing a volunteer militia to fight hostile Indians.
Background
Arizona Territory was created by the Arizona Organic Act and officially established on December 29, 1863, in a ceremony performed at Navajo Springs, Arizona. Following completion of an initial census, Governor John N. Goodwin proclaimed an election to select delegates to the first territorial legislature would occur on July 18, 1864. As no counties had been established within Arizona Territory at the time of the election, the territory's three judicial districts were instead used for allocation of delegates. The first district included all of Arizona east of the 114th meridian west and south of the Gila River, the second district was all of Arizona west of the 114th meridian, and the third district included all of Arizona east of the 114th meridian and north of the Gila.
Legislative session
Session was opened by Territorial Secretary Richard C. McCormick on September 26, 1864. All the members of the legislature had not arrived on that date, so the legislature sent out for beverages and tobacco and adjourned to wait for the remaining members to arrive. The session resumed on September 29 will all members present. The territory's Attorney General, Coles Bashford, was selected president of the Council while Tucson attorney W. Claude Jones was selected speaker of the House. Two members of the legislature left during the session with Council member José M. Redondo resigning on October 10 on the grounds he was ineligible to hold the office and Representative Henry D. Jackson dying on October 16.
The session met in a recently constructed two-room log cabin. The building was simply furnished with tables and chairs made from roughly hewn boards. The chinking had not been completed, allowing the cold autumn air into the building, and an early winter storm forced the assembly to take shelter in the Governor's house. The assembly members themselves primarily wore frontier dress and many bore weapons used for protection from Indian attack during their journey to and from Prescott.
Governor's address
Governor Goodwin gave his address to the assembly on September 30, 1864. In his speech, Goodwin reminded the legislature that under the Arizona Organic Act the new territory had inherited the laws of New Mexico Territory and that they would remain in force "until repealed or amended by future legislation". The Governor did not believe that New Mexico's laws were well suited for Arizona's needs and called for a commissioner to be appointed to draft a new legal code. Goodwin also called for the immediate repeal of acts allowing for peonage and imprisonment for debt.
Another key issue was dealing with hostile Indians within the territory. To address this need, Goodwin called for U.S. Army troops and the creation of a volunteer militia. Other issues covered were creation of mail routes and establishment of a public education system, including a public university under the provisions of the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act.
Howell code
The legislature's first act was passed on October 1, 1864, and authorized the Governor to appoint a commissioner to study and propose a legal code for the new territory. Anticipating the need for a new legal code, Judge William T. Howell and Coles Bashford had begun researching a tentative code in April 1864. By the time the legislature met, a 400-page code has been written, based primarily upon the laws of New York and California. After Goodwin was authorized to choose a commissioner, he chose Howell.
Debate over the proposed legal code consumed the majority of the session's efforts. After some modifications, the code was enacted and named the "Howell Code" after its principal architect. The Howell Code underwent a major revision, supervised by Bashford, in 1871 and was replaced in 1877 by the "Hoyt Code".
Other legislation
In addition to establishing a new legal code, the session also performed several actions to administratively organize the new territory. While the Governor had chosen Prescott as the site of the capital, the legislature had the authority to move the capital. Two other locations were proposed, the first being La Paz and the second a new community named Aztlan to be located at the juncture of the Salt and Verde rivers. Efforts to move the capital to both locations were defeated. Besides considering the location of the capital, the session created Arizona's first four counties. Mohave County encompassed all of the territory north of the Bill Williams River and west of longitude 113° 20' with its seat at Mohave City. Yuma County encompassed the area south of the Bill Williams River and west of longitude 113° 20' with its seat at La Paz. Pima County contained all territory south of the Gila River and east of longitude 113° 20' with its seat at Tucson. The final county, Yavapai, encompassed the area north of the Gila and east of longitude 113° 20' with Prescott serving as its seat.
To deal with hostile Indians, the session requested the U.S. Congress authorize US$250,000 to creation of a ranger force with an additional US$150,000 requested to create reservations along the Colorado River for friendlier tribes. No funds came until 1867 when US$50,000 was authorized. In the meantime a group of Arizona Volunteers consisting of 350 men and 11 officers were organized into five companies. The force provided an effective check against hostile Apaches till the arrival of U.S. Army troops following the American Civil War.
To address educational needs, the legislature authorized a payment of US$250 for public education to any county seats provided the towns provided a matching amount. For Tucson, this amount was doubled to US$500 under the provision that English lessons were added to the daily curriculum. Only two towns collected the funds, the mission school at San Xavier del Bac and a private school in Prescott. The need for roads was addressed by granting six franchises for construction of private roads. The franchisees were required to grade the right of way, build bridges, maintain wells along the route in exchange for the right to charge tolls of US$0.08/mile for wagons and US$0.025/mile for riders on horseback.
Finally the session granted two divorces. The first annulled the marriage of John G. Capron, a member of the territorial House of Representatives, and Sarah Rosser Capron on the grounds that he had been lured into the marriage "by fraudulent concealment of criminal facts". The second divorce was of Fort Whipple's post surgeon, Elliot Coues, from his wife, Sarah A. Richardson Coues.
Members
House of Representatives
Name
District
Name
District
Nathan B Appel
First
Norman S. Higgins
First
Thomas J. Bidwell
Second
George M. Holaday
Second
John M. Boggs
Third
Gilbert W. Hopkins
First
Luis G. Bouchet
Second
Henry D. Jackson
First
John C. Capron
First
W. Claude Jones (Speaker)
First
Jesús M. Elias
First
Jackson McCraklin
Third
James Garvin
Third
Daniel H. Stickney
First
James S. Gilas
Third
Edward D. Tuttle
Second
Gregory P. Harte
First
William Walter
Second
Council
Name
District
Mark Aldrich
First
Coles Bashford (President)
First
Henry A. Bigelow
Third
Patrick H Dunne
First
Robert W. Groom
Third
George W. Leihy
Second
Francisco S. León
First
José M. Redondo
Second
King Woolsey
Third
References
^ Wagoner 1970, pp. 44, 60.
^ Wagoner 1970, p. 32.
^ Wagoner 1970, pp. 41, 43.
^ Wagoner 1970, p. 36.
^ a b Wagoner 1970, p. 44.
^ Farish 1916, pp. 117–118.
^ Wagoner 1970, p. 40.
^ a b Wagoner 1970, p. 45.
^ Farish 1916, p. 97.
^ a b Wagoner 1970, pp. 47–48.
^ Wagoner 1970, pp. 49–50.
^ Farish 1916, p. 117.
^ Wagoner 1970, pp. 45–47.
^ Wagoner 1970, p. 47.
^ Wagoner 1970, p. 158.
^ Farish 1916, pp. 118–119.
^ Wagoner 1970, pp. 55, 58.
^ Wagoner 1970, pp. 50–51.
^ Wagoner 1970, pp. 53–54.
^ Wagoner 1970, pp. 59–60.
^ a b Wagoner 1970, p. 505.
Farish, Thomas Edwin (1916). History of Arizona, Vol III. San Francisco: Filmer Brothers Electrotype Company.
Wagoner, Jay J. (1970). Arizona Territory 1863–1912: A Political history. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0816501769.
Further reading
Arizona Territory (1865). Acts, Resolutions and Memorials Adopted by the First Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona . Prescott: Arizona Miner. OCLC 31678125.
Portals: Arizona history politics
vteArizona Territorial LegislatureSession
1st (1864)
2nd (1865)
3rd (1866)
4th (1867)
5th (1868)
6th (1871)
7th (1873)
8th (1875)
9th (1877)
10th (1879)
11th (1881)
12th (1883)
13th (1885)
14th (1887)
15th (1889)
16th (1891)
17th (1893)
18th (1895)
19th (1897)
20th (1899)
21st (1901)
22nd (1903)
23rd (1905)
24th (1907)
25th (1909)
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Arizona Territorial Legislature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"Prescott, Arizona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescott,_Arizona"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197044,_60-1"},{"link_name":"legal code","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_code"}],"text":"The 1st Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was a session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature which began on September 26, 1864, in Prescott, Arizona, and ran for forty-three days.[1] The session was responsible for enacting Arizona's first legal code, creation of the territory's first four counties, and authorizing a volunteer militia to fight hostile Indians.","title":"1st Arizona Territorial Legislature"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Arizona Territory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Territory"},{"link_name":"Arizona Organic Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Organic_Act"},{"link_name":"Navajo Springs, Arizona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_Springs,_Arizona"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197032-2"},{"link_name":"John N. 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Goodwin proclaimed an election to select delegates to the first territorial legislature would occur on July 18, 1864.[3] As no counties had been established within Arizona Territory at the time of the election, the territory's three judicial districts were instead used for allocation of delegates. The first district included all of Arizona east of the 114th meridian west and south of the Gila River, the second district was all of Arizona west of the 114th meridian, and the third district included all of Arizona east of the 114th meridian and north of the Gila.[4]","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Richard C. McCormick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_C._McCormick"},{"link_name":"Attorney General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorney_General"},{"link_name":"Coles Bashford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coles_Bashford"},{"link_name":"Tucson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197044-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarish1916117%E2%80%93118-6"},{"link_name":"log cabin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log_cabin"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197040-7"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197044-5"}],"text":"Session was opened by Territorial Secretary Richard C. McCormick on September 26, 1864. All the members of the legislature had not arrived on that date, so the legislature sent out for beverages and tobacco and adjourned to wait for the remaining members to arrive. The session resumed on September 29 will all members present. The territory's Attorney General, Coles Bashford, was selected president of the Council while Tucson attorney W. Claude Jones was selected speaker of the House.[5] Two members of the legislature left during the session with Council member José M. Redondo resigning on October 10 on the grounds he was ineligible to hold the office and Representative Henry D. Jackson dying on October 16.[6]The session met in a recently constructed two-room log cabin. The building was simply furnished with tables and chairs made from roughly hewn boards. The chinking had not been completed, allowing the cold autumn air into the building, and an early winter storm forced the assembly to take shelter in the Governor's house.[7] The assembly members themselves primarily wore frontier dress and many bore weapons used for protection from Indian attack during their journey to and from Prescott.[5]","title":"Legislative session"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197045-8"},{"link_name":"New Mexico Territory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarish191697-9"},{"link_name":"peonage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peonage"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197045-8"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197047%E2%80%9348-10"},{"link_name":"Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrill_Land-Grant_Colleges_Act"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197049%E2%80%9350-11"}],"sub_title":"Governor's address","text":"Governor Goodwin gave his address to the assembly on September 30, 1864.[8] In his speech, Goodwin reminded the legislature that under the Arizona Organic Act the new territory had inherited the laws of New Mexico Territory and that they would remain in force \"until repealed or amended by future legislation\".[9] The Governor did not believe that New Mexico's laws were well suited for Arizona's needs and called for a commissioner to be appointed to draft a new legal code. Goodwin also called for the immediate repeal of acts allowing for peonage and imprisonment for debt.[8]Another key issue was dealing with hostile Indians within the territory. To address this need, Goodwin called for U.S. Army troops and the creation of a volunteer militia.[10] Other issues covered were creation of mail routes and establishment of a public education system, including a public university under the provisions of the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act.[11]","title":"Legislative session"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarish1916117-12"},{"link_name":"William T. Howell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thompson_Howell"},{"link_name":"New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state)"},{"link_name":"California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197045%E2%80%9347-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197047-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner1970158-15"}],"sub_title":"Howell code","text":"The legislature's first act was passed on October 1, 1864, and authorized the Governor to appoint a commissioner to study and propose a legal code for the new territory.[12] Anticipating the need for a new legal code, Judge William T. Howell and Coles Bashford had begun researching a tentative code in April 1864. By the time the legislature met, a 400-page code has been written, based primarily upon the laws of New York and California. After Goodwin was authorized to choose a commissioner, he chose Howell.[13]Debate over the proposed legal code consumed the majority of the session's efforts. After some modifications, the code was enacted and named the \"Howell Code\" after its principal architect.[14] The Howell Code underwent a major revision, supervised by Bashford, in 1871 and was replaced in 1877 by the \"Hoyt Code\".[15]","title":"Legislative session"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"La Paz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Paz,_Arizona"},{"link_name":"Salt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_River_(Arizona)"},{"link_name":"Verde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verde_River"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarish1916118%E2%80%93119-16"},{"link_name":"Mohave County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohave_County,_Arizona"},{"link_name":"Bill Williams River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Williams_River"},{"link_name":"Yuma County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuma_County,_Arizona"},{"link_name":"Pima County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pima_County,_Arizona"},{"link_name":"Gila River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gila_River"},{"link_name":"Yavapai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yavapai_County,_Arizona"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197055,_58-17"},{"link_name":"U.S. Congress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Congress"},{"link_name":"US$","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US$"},{"link_name":"Colorado River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_River"},{"link_name":"companies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_(military_unit)"},{"link_name":"Apaches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apaches"},{"link_name":"American Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197047%E2%80%9348-10"},{"link_name":"English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language"},{"link_name":"San Xavier del Bac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Xavier_del_Bac"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197050%E2%80%9351-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197053%E2%80%9354-19"},{"link_name":"Fort Whipple","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Whipple,_Arizona"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner197059%E2%80%9360-20"}],"sub_title":"Other legislation","text":"In addition to establishing a new legal code, the session also performed several actions to administratively organize the new territory. While the Governor had chosen Prescott as the site of the capital, the legislature had the authority to move the capital. Two other locations were proposed, the first being La Paz and the second a new community named Aztlan to be located at the juncture of the Salt and Verde rivers. Efforts to move the capital to both locations were defeated.[16] Besides considering the location of the capital, the session created Arizona's first four counties. Mohave County encompassed all of the territory north of the Bill Williams River and west of longitude 113° 20' with its seat at Mohave City. Yuma County encompassed the area south of the Bill Williams River and west of longitude 113° 20' with its seat at La Paz. Pima County contained all territory south of the Gila River and east of longitude 113° 20' with its seat at Tucson. The final county, Yavapai, encompassed the area north of the Gila and east of longitude 113° 20' with Prescott serving as its seat.[17]To deal with hostile Indians, the session requested the U.S. Congress authorize US$250,000 to creation of a ranger force with an additional US$150,000 requested to create reservations along the Colorado River for friendlier tribes. No funds came until 1867 when US$50,000 was authorized. In the meantime a group of Arizona Volunteers consisting of 350 men and 11 officers were organized into five companies. The force provided an effective check against hostile Apaches till the arrival of U.S. Army troops following the American Civil War.[10]To address educational needs, the legislature authorized a payment of US$250 for public education to any county seats provided the towns provided a matching amount. For Tucson, this amount was doubled to US$500 under the provision that English lessons were added to the daily curriculum. Only two towns collected the funds, the mission school at San Xavier del Bac and a private school in Prescott.[18] The need for roads was addressed by granting six franchises for construction of private roads. The franchisees were required to grade the right of way, build bridges, maintain wells along the route in exchange for the right to charge tolls of US$0.08/mile for wagons and US$0.025/mile for riders on horseback.[19]Finally the session granted two divorces. The first annulled the marriage of John G. Capron, a member of the territorial House of Representatives, and Sarah Rosser Capron on the grounds that he had been lured into the marriage \"by fraudulent concealment of criminal facts\". The second divorce was of Fort Whipple's post surgeon, Elliot Coues, from his wife, Sarah A. Richardson Coues.[20]","title":"Legislative session"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Members"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Acts, Resolutions and Memorials Adopted by the First Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Acts,_Resolutions_and_Memorials,_Adopted_by_the_First_Legislative_Assembly_of_the_Territory_of_Arizona"},{"link_name":"OCLC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"31678125","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/oclc/31678125"},{"link_name":"Portals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals"},{"link_name":"Arizona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Arizona"},{"link_name":"history","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:History"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg"},{"link_name":"politics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Politics"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:AZ_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:AZ_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AZ_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"Arizona Territorial Legislature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"1st","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"2nd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"3rd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"4th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"5th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"6th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"7th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"8th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"9th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"10th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"11th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"12th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"13th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"14th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"15th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"16th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"17th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"18th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"19th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"20th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"21st","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21st_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"22nd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22nd_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"23rd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"24th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"link_name":"25th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25th_Arizona_Territorial_Legislature"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arizona_Territory_seal.jpg"}],"text":"Arizona Territory (1865). Acts, Resolutions and Memorials Adopted by the First Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona . Prescott: Arizona Miner. OCLC 31678125.Portals: Arizona history politicsvteArizona Territorial LegislatureSession\n1st (1864)\n2nd (1865)\n3rd (1866)\n4th (1867)\n5th (1868)\n6th (1871)\n7th (1873)\n8th (1875)\n9th (1877)\n10th (1879)\n11th (1881)\n12th (1883)\n13th (1885)\n14th (1887)\n15th (1889)\n16th (1891)\n17th (1893)\n18th (1895)\n19th (1897)\n20th (1899)\n21st (1901)\n22nd (1903)\n23rd (1905)\n24th (1907)\n25th (1909)","title":"Further reading"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Farish, Thomas Edwin (1916). History of Arizona, Vol III. San Francisco: Filmer Brothers Electrotype Company.","urls":[{"url":"http://southwest.library.arizona.edu/hav3/","url_text":"History of Arizona, Vol III"}]},{"reference":"Wagoner, Jay J. (1970). Arizona Territory 1863–1912: A Political history. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0816501769.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/arizonaterritory00wago","url_text":"Arizona Territory 1863–1912: A Political history"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0816501769","url_text":"0816501769"}]},{"reference":"Arizona Territory (1865). Acts, Resolutions and Memorials Adopted by the First Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona . Prescott: Arizona Miner. OCLC 31678125.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Acts,_Resolutions_and_Memorials,_Adopted_by_the_First_Legislative_Assembly_of_the_Territory_of_Arizona","url_text":"Acts, Resolutions and Memorials Adopted by the First Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31678125","url_text":"31678125"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://southwest.library.arizona.edu/hav3/","external_links_name":"History of Arizona, Vol III"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/arizonaterritory00wago","external_links_name":"Arizona Territory 1863–1912: A Political history"},{"Link":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Acts,_Resolutions_and_Memorials,_Adopted_by_the_First_Legislative_Assembly_of_the_Territory_of_Arizona","external_links_name":"Acts, Resolutions and Memorials Adopted by the First Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31678125","external_links_name":"31678125"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysospalax
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Chrysospalax
|
["1 References"]
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Genus of mammals
Chrysospalax
Giant golden mole (Chrysospalax trevelyani)
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Afrosoricida
Family:
Chrysochloridae
Subfamily:
Chrysochlorinae
Genus:
ChrysospalaxGill, 1883
Type species
Chrysochloris trevelyaniGünther, 1875
Species
C. villosus
C. trevelyani
Chrysospalax is a small genus of mammal in the family Chrysochloridae. The two members are endemic to South Africa. It contains the following species:
Rough-haired golden mole (Chrysospalax villosus)
Giant golden mole (Chrysospalax trevelyani)
References
^ Bronner, G.N.; Jenkins, P.D. (2005). "Order Afrosoricida". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
vteExtant Afrosoricida species
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Infraclass Eutheria
Superorder Afrotheria
Suborder TenrecomorphaPotamogalidaeMicropotamogale
Nimba otter shrew (M. lamottei)
Ruwenzori otter shrew (M. ruwenzorii)
Potamogale
Giant otter shrew (P. velox)
Tenrecidae(Tenrecs)GeogalinaeGeogale
Large-eared tenrec (G. aurita)
OryzorictinaeMicrogale
Short-tailed shrew tenrec (M. brevicaudata)
Cowan's shrew tenrec (M. cowani)
Drouhard's shrew tenrec (M. drouhardi)
Dryad shrew tenrec (M. dryas)
Pale shrew tenrec (M. fotsifotsy)
Gracile shrew tenrec (M. gracilis)
Naked-nosed shrew tenrec (M. gymnorhyncha)
Jenkins' shrew tenrec (M. jenkinsae)
Northern shrew tenrec (M. jobihely)
Lesser long-tailed shrew tenrec (M. longicaudata)
Major's long-tailed tenrec (M. majori)
Web-footed tenrec (M. mergulus)
Montane shrew tenrec (M. monticola)
Nasolo's shrew tenrec (M. nasoloi)
Pygmy shrew tenrec (M. parvula)
Greater long-tailed shrew tenrec (M. principula)
Least shrew tenrec (M. pusilla)
Shrew-toothed shrew tenrec (M. soricoides)
Taiva shrew tenrec (M. taiva)
Thomas's shrew tenrec (M. thomasi)
Nesogale
Dobson's shrew tenrec (N. dobsoni)
Talazac's shrew tenrec (N. talazaci)
Oryzorictes(Rice tenrecs)
Mole-like rice tenrec (O. hova)
Four-toed rice tenrec (O. tetradactylus)
TenrecinaeEchinops
Lesser hedgehog tenrec (E. telfairi)
Hemicentetes
Highland streaked tenrec (H. nigriceps)
Lowland streaked tenrec (H. semispinosus)
Setifer
Greater hedgehog tenrec (S. setosus)
Tenrec
Tailless tenrec (T. ecaudatus)
Suborder Chrysochloridea (golden moles)ChrysochlorinaeCarpitalpa
Arends's golden mole (C. arendsi)
Chlorotalpa
Duthie's golden mole (C. duthieae)
Sclater's golden mole (C. sclateri)
ChrysochlorisSubgenus Chrysochloris:
Cape golden mole (C. asiatica)
Visagie's golden mole (C. visagiei)
Subgenus Kilimatalpa:
Stuhlmann's golden mole (C. stuhlmanni)
Chrysospalax
Giant golden mole (C. trevelyani)
Rough-haired golden mole (C. villosus)
Cryptochloris
De Winton's golden mole (C. wintoni)
Van Zyl's golden mole (C. zyli)
Eremitalpa
Grant's golden mole (E. granti)
AmblysominaeAmblysomus
Fynbos golden mole (A. corriae)
Hottentot golden mole (A. hottentotus)
Marley's golden mole (A. marleyi)
Robust golden mole (A. robustus)
Highveld golden mole (A. septentrionalis)
CalcochlorisSubgenus Huetia:
Congo golden mole (C. leucorhinus)
Subgenus Calcochloris:
Yellow golden mole (C. obtusirostris)
Subgenus incertae sedis:
Somali golden mole (C. tytonis)
Neamblysomus
Gunning's golden mole (N. gunningi)
Juliana's golden mole (N. julianae)
Taxon identifiersChrysospalax
Wikidata: Q593921
Wikispecies: Chrysospalax
ADW: Chrysospalax
CoL: 3PLV
EoL: 78346
GBIF: 2432197
iNaturalist: 42499
IRMNG: 1037440
ITIS: 633442
MSW: 11100071
NCBI: 176107
Open Tree of Life: 347642
Paleobiology Database: 104440
This Afrosoricida-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-msw3-1"},{"link_name":"genus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus"},{"link_name":"mammal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal"},{"link_name":"Chrysochloridae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysochloridae"},{"link_name":"endemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemic"},{"link_name":"South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Rough-haired golden mole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough-haired_golden_mole"},{"link_name":"Giant golden mole","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_golden_mole"}],"text":"Chrysospalax[1] is a small genus of mammal in the family Chrysochloridae. The two members are endemic to South Africa. It contains the following species:Rough-haired golden mole (Chrysospalax villosus)\nGiant golden mole (Chrysospalax trevelyani)","title":"Chrysospalax"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Bronner, G.N.; Jenkins, P.D. (2005). \"Order Afrosoricida\". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=11100071","url_text":"\"Order Afrosoricida\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_E._Wilson","url_text":"Wilson, D.E."},{"url":"http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA79","url_text":"Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0","url_text":"978-0-8018-8221-0"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494","url_text":"62265494"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=11100071","external_links_name":"\"Order Afrosoricida\""},{"Link":"http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA79","external_links_name":"Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494","external_links_name":"62265494"},{"Link":"https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Chrysospalax/","external_links_name":"Chrysospalax"},{"Link":"https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3PLV","external_links_name":"3PLV"},{"Link":"https://eol.org/pages/78346","external_links_name":"78346"},{"Link":"https://www.gbif.org/species/2432197","external_links_name":"2432197"},{"Link":"https://inaturalist.org/taxa/42499","external_links_name":"42499"},{"Link":"https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1037440","external_links_name":"1037440"},{"Link":"https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=633442","external_links_name":"633442"},{"Link":"https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=11100071","external_links_name":"11100071"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=176107","external_links_name":"176107"},{"Link":"https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=347642","external_links_name":"347642"},{"Link":"https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104440","external_links_name":"104440"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chrysospalax&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Twins_(band)
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Solar Twins (band)
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["1 Discography","2 Further careers","3 Other appearances","4 References"]
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This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Solar Twins" band – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Solar TwinsOriginLondon, EnglandGenresElectronicLabelsWarner Bros. Records, WEA, Maverick RecordsMusical artist
Solar Twins were an English electronic music duo with Joanna Stevens (vocals) and David Norland (producer/all instruments/vocals).
Solar Twins were signed by Guy Oseary at Maverick Records after playing at Viper Room. They are known for their version of Rock the Casbah, found on the soundtrack to the film Brokedown Palace. They made one album, and split after attempting a second, thwarted by insurmountable creative differences.
Discography
Solar Twins (1999)
"Puppet"
"Nightfall"
"Better Life"
"Alleluias"
"Rock the Casbah" — 3:42 (covering The Clash)
"Living Your Dream"
"Earthbound"
"Astral Hymn"
"Out There"
"Splintered"
"Cybersadhu"
"Swayambhu" (featured on the soundtrack of The Next Best Thing)
Further careers
David Norland moved into composition for television and film. His scoring work includes Anvil! The Story of Anvil, November Criminals, and HBO's My Dinner with Hervé, as well as music for US broadcast channel
ABC's news and documentary programming.
Other appearances
Joanna Stevens also provides vocals for the following projects:
Delerium
Tracks: "Myth" and "A Poem for Byzantium" on Poem
Conjure One
Tracks: "Manic Star" (background/additional only), "Premonition (Reprise)" on Conjure One
Tracks: "Pilgrimage" and "Dying Light" on Extraordinary Ways
Paradise Lost
Tracks: "Erased", "Primal", and "Mystify" on Symbol of Life
Sleepthief
Tracks: "Here I Confess" and "Ariadne (The Dividing Sea)" on Labyrinthine Heart
Tracks: "This Means War" as a single from the forthcoming third album.
References
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
National
France
BnF data
United States
Artists
MusicBrainz
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"link_name":"electronic music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_music"},{"link_name":"Guy Oseary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Oseary"},{"link_name":"Maverick Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maverick_Records"},{"link_name":"Viper Room","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viper_Room"},{"link_name":"Rock the Casbah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_the_Casbah"},{"link_name":"Brokedown Palace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brokedown_Palace"}],"text":"Musical artistSolar Twins were an English electronic music duo with Joanna Stevens (vocals) and David Norland (producer/all instruments/vocals).Solar Twins were signed by Guy Oseary at Maverick Records after playing at Viper Room. They are known for their version of Rock the Casbah, found on the soundtrack to the film Brokedown Palace. They made one album, and split after attempting a second, thwarted by insurmountable creative differences.","title":"Solar Twins (band)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rock the Casbah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_the_Casbah"},{"link_name":"The Clash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Clash"},{"link_name":"The Next Best Thing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Next_Best_Thing_(soundtrack)"}],"text":"Solar Twins (1999)\n\"Puppet\"\n\"Nightfall\"\n\"Better Life\"\n\"Alleluias\"\n\"Rock the Casbah\" — 3:42 (covering The Clash)\n\"Living Your Dream\"\n\"Earthbound\"\n\"Astral Hymn\"\n\"Out There\"\n\"Splintered\"\n\"Cybersadhu\"\n\"Swayambhu\" (featured on the soundtrack of The Next Best Thing)","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Anvil! The Story of Anvil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvil!_The_Story_of_Anvil"},{"link_name":"November Criminals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_Criminals_(film)"},{"link_name":"My Dinner with Hervé","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Dinner_with_Herv%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"ABC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company"}],"text":"David Norland moved into composition for television and film. His scoring work includes Anvil! The Story of Anvil, November Criminals, and HBO's My Dinner with Hervé, as well as music for US broadcast channel \nABC's news and documentary programming.","title":"Further careers"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Delerium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delerium"},{"link_name":"Poem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poem_(album)"},{"link_name":"Conjure One","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjure_One"},{"link_name":"Conjure One","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjure_One_(album)"},{"link_name":"Extraordinary Ways","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraordinary_Ways"},{"link_name":"Paradise Lost","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost_(band)"},{"link_name":"Symbol of Life","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol_of_Life"},{"link_name":"Sleepthief","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepthief"}],"text":"Joanna Stevens also provides vocals for the following projects:Delerium\nTracks: \"Myth\" and \"A Poem for Byzantium\" on Poem\nConjure One\nTracks: \"Manic Star\" (background/additional only), \"Premonition (Reprise)\" on Conjure One\nTracks: \"Pilgrimage\" and \"Dying Light\" on Extraordinary Ways\nParadise Lost\nTracks: \"Erased\", \"Primal\", and \"Mystify\" on Symbol of Life\nSleepthief\nTracks: \"Here I Confess\" and \"Ariadne (The Dividing Sea)\" on Labyrinthine Heart\nTracks: \"This Means War\" as a single from the forthcoming third album.","title":"Other appearances"}]
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[{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Solar+Twins%22+band","external_links_name":"\"Solar Twins\" band"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Solar+Twins%22+band+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1","external_links_name":"news"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Solar+Twins%22+band&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks","external_links_name":"newspapers"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Solar+Twins%22+band+-wikipedia","external_links_name":"books"},{"Link":"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Solar+Twins%22+band","external_links_name":"scholar"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Solar+Twins%22+band&acc=on&wc=on","external_links_name":"JSTOR"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/000000010673680X","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/153877646","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14029768v","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14029768v","external_links_name":"BnF data"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no00014890","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/artist/e3fd6ace-f177-453f-81cb-cece8e87bf33","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_of_New_Caledonia
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College of New Caledonia
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["1 History","2 Campuses","2.1 Prince George","2.2 Quesnel","2.3 Lakes District","2.4 Mackenzie","2.5 Nechako","3 Partnerships","4 Gallery","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"]
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College of New CaledoniaMottoToujours la Verite (The Truth Always)TypePublic Community CollegeEstablished1969; 55 years ago (1969)Endowment$44,940,000PresidentDennis JohnsonAdministrative staff345 in 2012Students1,300 FTE 2020-2021 LocationBritish Columbia, CanadaCampusurban/suburban/rural Prince George, Quesnel, Mackenzie, "Lakes District" in Burns Lake, and "Nechako" in Fort St. James, Fraser Lake and Vanderhoof.Colours Red and dark greyAffiliationsACCC, CCAA, CBIE.Websitecnc.bc.ca
The College of New Caledonia (CNC) is a post-secondary educational institution that serves the residents of the Central Interior of British Columbia. CNC operates six campuses in Prince George, Burns Lake, Fort St. James, Mackenzie, Quesnel and Vanderhoof.
CNC offers small class sizes, not in excess of 37 students, as mandated by their faculty agreement.
CNC has an approximate annual system-wide enrolment of 5,000 students in health sciences, trades, university studies, career access and continuing education.
History
The college was established in Prince George, British Columbia, Canada in 1969 as a successor to the B.C. Vocational School. The college was called "New Caledonia," a name given to the region by the early explorer, Simon Fraser. The first convocation of 37 graduates took place in 1971. CNC has since expanded by opening up campuses across central British Columbia.
The College of New Caledonia's Arms, Supporters, Flag and Badge were registered with the Canadian Heraldic Authority on June 4, 1996.
Campuses
Prince George
CNC Prince George main building
CNC in Prince George occupies four buildings: the main campus, Technical Education Centre, Nicholson campus, and the John A. Brink Trades & Technology Centre. The Prince George campus's recreation department provides a full-size gym, weight room, bouldering wall, squash courts, and yoga classes. These services are free to attending students. The Prince George campus is also the headquarters of the CNC Students' Union.
CNC's Dental Assisting and Dental Hygiene programs are accredited by The Commission on Dental Accreditation of Canada. As of 2014, graduates of both programs have had a 100% pass rate on the National Dental Assisting Examining Board exam.
Quesnel
The Quesnel campus is located at 100 Campus Way, Quesnel, B.C. In 2011, construction began on an additional building meant to provide trades and technical training services. The completed building was officially named the West Fraser Tech Centre in 2013. The building, designed by Office of McFarlane Biggar Architects and Designers (omb), earned the Governor General's Award for Architecture in 2012, and is home to about 250 trades students in programs such as machinist/millwright, carpentry, electrical, plumbing and power engineering.
Lakes District
CNC's Lakes District campus in Burns Lake has offered a variety of community-focused educational programs since 1976. The campus has gained worldwide attention for its work in the area of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.
Mackenzie
The college operates a campus in Mackenzie offering academic, vocational, professional development, and general interest courses and programs. They also operate the Mackenzie WorkBC Employment Services Centre in partnership with the government of British Columbia.
Nechako
The Nechako region is served by campuses in Fort St. James and Vanderhoof.
Partnerships
Credits can be transferred to University of British Columbia, Simon Fraser University, University of Victoria, Thompson Rivers University, University of Northern British Columbia, and Royal Roads University toward a four-year degree.
The College of New Caledonia and the Emily Carr University of Art and Design have created a Fine Arts program. Students can take basic first year courses at the CNC campus in Prince George, then transfer to the Emily Carr campus in Vancouver for the final three years.
Gallery
Courtyard of the CNC main building in Prince George
Entrance to the CNC student residence
CNC library building in Prince George
CNC Technical Education Centre in Prince George
See also
List of institutes and colleges in British Columbia
List of universities in British Columbia
References
^ "CNC Independent Auditor's Report 2-2023" (PDF).
^ "Meet the new CNC president", CKPG Today, Oct. 01, 2019.
^ "Striking CNC staff going back to work", Ted Clarke, The Prince George Citizen, Nov. 21, 2012.
^ https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/education/post-secondary-education/institution-resources-administration/accountability-framework/iapr/cnc_iapr.pdf
^ "Brand Toolkit". College of New Caledonia. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
^ "Collective Agreement - CNC & FACNC - April 1, 2012 – March 31, 2014" Archived July 27, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, p. 82, accessed Nov. 9, 2014.
^ a b
"Historical Highlights: College of New Caledonia", accessed Nov. 9, 2014.
^ "New Caledonia", Barry M. Gough, The Canadian Encyclopedia, 02/07/06, edited 12/16/13.
^ "College of New Caledonia", The Governor General of Canada, His Excellency The Right Honourable David Johnston, Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges, accessed Nov. 9, 2014.
^ "Welcome to CNC", CNC, accessed Nov. 9, 2014.
^ "Recreation", CNC, accessed Nov. 9, 2014.
^ "Dental Hygiene Diploma", CNC, accessed Nov. 9, 2014.
^ "Dental Assisting Certificate", CNC, accessed Nov. 9, 2014.
^ "Exploring Quesnel" Archived 2013-05-30 at the Wayback Machine, CNC, accessed Nov. 9, 2014.
^ "CNC Quesnel building named West Fraser Tech Centre", CNC, Feb. 8, 2013.
^ "Governor General's Medals in Architecture 2012 Recipients", RAIC-IRAC Architecture Canada, accessed Nov. 9, 2014.
^ a b "Welcome to Lakes District Campus", CNC, accessed Nov. 9, 2014.
^ "Welcome to the Mackenzie Campus", CNC, accessed Nov. 9, 2014.
^ "WorkBC Employment Services Centre: Mackenzie Employment Services Centre" Archived 2013-04-15 at the Wayback Machine, accessed Nov. 9, 2014.
^ "Fort St James Campus", CNC, accessed Nov. 9, 2014.
^ "Vanderhoof campus", CNC, accessed Nov. 9, 2014.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to College of New Caledonia.
Official website
CNC Students' Union
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Emily Carr of Art and Design
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"post-secondary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-secondary_education"},{"link_name":"Central Interior","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia_Interior"},{"link_name":"British Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Prince George","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_George,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Burns Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burns_Lake,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Fort St. James","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_St._James,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Mackenzie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackenzie,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Quesnel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quesnel,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Vanderhoof","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanderhoof,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"The College of New Caledonia (CNC) is a post-secondary educational institution that serves the residents of the Central Interior of British Columbia. CNC operates six campuses in Prince George, Burns Lake, Fort St. James, Mackenzie, Quesnel and Vanderhoof.CNC offers small class sizes, not in excess of 37 students, as mandated by their faculty agreement.[6]CNC has an approximate annual system-wide enrolment of 5,000 students in health sciences, trades, university studies, career access and continuing education.","title":"College of New Caledonia"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Prince George, British Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_George,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-History-7"},{"link_name":"Simon Fraser","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Fraser_(explorer)"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-History-7"},{"link_name":"British Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Canadian Heraldic Authority","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Heraldic_Authority"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"The college was established in Prince George, British Columbia, Canada in 1969 as a successor to the B.C. Vocational School.[7] The college was called \"New Caledonia,\" a name given to the region by the early explorer, Simon Fraser.[8] The first convocation of 37 graduates took place in 1971.[7] CNC has since expanded by opening up campuses across central British Columbia.The College of New Caledonia's Arms, Supporters, Flag and Badge were registered with the Canadian Heraldic Authority on June 4, 1996.[9]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Campuses"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CNC_PrinceGeorge.jpg"},{"link_name":"Prince George","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_George,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"sub_title":"Prince George","text":"CNC Prince George main buildingCNC in Prince George occupies four buildings: the main campus, Technical Education Centre, Nicholson campus, and the John A. Brink Trades & Technology Centre.[10] The Prince George campus's recreation department provides a full-size gym, weight room, bouldering wall, squash courts, and yoga classes. These services are free to attending students.[11] The Prince George campus is also the headquarters of the CNC Students' Union.CNC's Dental Assisting and Dental Hygiene programs are accredited by The Commission on Dental Accreditation of Canada. As of 2014, graduates of both programs have had a 100% pass rate on the National Dental Assisting Examining Board exam.[12][13]","title":"Campuses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Quesnel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quesnel,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"sub_title":"Quesnel","text":"The Quesnel campus is located at 100 Campus Way, Quesnel, B.C.[14] In 2011, construction began on an additional building meant to provide trades and technical training services. The completed building was officially named the West Fraser Tech Centre in 2013.[15] The building, designed by Office of McFarlane Biggar Architects and Designers (omb), earned the Governor General's Award for Architecture in 2012,[16] and is home to about 250 trades students in programs such as machinist/millwright, carpentry, electrical, plumbing and power engineering.","title":"Campuses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Burns Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burns_Lake,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lakes_district_campus-17"},{"link_name":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_Alcohol_Spectrum_Disorder"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lakes_district_campus-17"}],"sub_title":"Lakes District","text":"CNC's Lakes District campus in Burns Lake has offered a variety of community-focused educational programs since 1976.[17] The campus has gained worldwide attention for its work in the area of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.[17]","title":"Campuses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mackenzie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackenzie,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"British Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"sub_title":"Mackenzie","text":"The college operates a campus in Mackenzie offering academic, vocational, professional development, and general interest courses and programs.[18] They also operate the Mackenzie WorkBC Employment Services Centre in partnership with the government of British Columbia.[19]","title":"Campuses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fort St. James","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_St._James,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"Vanderhoof","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanderhoof,_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"}],"sub_title":"Nechako","text":"The Nechako region is served by campuses in Fort St. James[20] and Vanderhoof.[21]","title":"Campuses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of British Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Simon Fraser University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Fraser_University"},{"link_name":"University of Victoria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Victoria"},{"link_name":"Thompson Rivers University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thompson_Rivers_University"},{"link_name":"University of Northern British Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Northern_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Royal Roads University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Roads_University"},{"link_name":"Emily Carr University of Art and Design","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Carr_University_of_Art_and_Design"}],"text":"Credits can be transferred to University of British Columbia, Simon Fraser University, University of Victoria, Thompson Rivers University, University of Northern British Columbia, and Royal Roads University toward a four-year degree.The College of New Caledonia and the Emily Carr University of Art and Design have created a Fine Arts program. Students can take basic first year courses at the CNC campus in Prince George, then transfer to the Emily Carr campus in Vancouver for the final three years.","title":"Partnerships"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CNC_Courtyard.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CNC_Residence.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CNC_Prince_George_Library.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CNC_Tech_Centre_PG.jpg"}],"text":"Courtyard of the CNC main building in Prince George\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tEntrance to the CNC student residence\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tCNC library building in Prince George\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tCNC Technical Education Centre in Prince George","title":"Gallery"}]
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[{"image_text":"CNC Prince George main building","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/CNC_PrinceGeorge.jpg/220px-CNC_PrinceGeorge.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"List of institutes and colleges in British Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_institutes_and_colleges_in_British_Columbia"},{"title":"List of universities in British Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_British_Columbia"}]
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[{"reference":"\"CNC Independent Auditor's Report 2-2023\" (PDF).","urls":[{"url":"https://cnc.bc.ca/docs/default-source/budget/financial-statements-2023.pdf","url_text":"\"CNC Independent Auditor's Report 2-2023\""}]},{"reference":"\"Brand Toolkit\". College of New Caledonia. Retrieved May 24, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://cnc.bc.ca/about/brand/brand-toolkit","url_text":"\"Brand Toolkit\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasting_machine
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Blasting machine
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["1 History","2 Design","3 In popular culture","4 References","5 External links"]
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Machine used to remotely detonate an explosive
Two blasting machines. At rear is one where the trigger works by depressing or raising the handle; at fore, one where the handle is twisted
A blasting machine or shot exploder (commonly called a plunger) is a portable source of electric current to reliably fire a blasting cap to trigger a main explosive charge. It is mostly used in mining and demolition.
The use of the term "machine" dates from early designs that used an electrical generator operated by winding a rotary handle or pushing down a T-handle. Modern blasting machines are battery-powered and operated by key switches and push-buttons, and do not resemble the older designs.
History
The first satisfactory magnetic induction blasting machine was constructed in 1878 by Henry Julius Smith of Mountain View, New Jersey. Its mechanism consisted of a T-handle that was pushed down; the lower end of the handle was a rack that drove a pinion, which in turn drove a high-voltage magneto, which generated the high voltage that is required to detonate the blasting cap.
Design
A typical "capacitive discharge" blasting machine works by charging a capacitor from a battery, then discharging the capacitor through an external circuit, called the firing line, to fire the blasting cap. While the machine is idle, an "internal shunt" is connected across the output terminals so that any stray voltages induced in the external circuit, for example by nearby radio transmitters, are harmlessly short-circuited without triggering the blasting cap. The machines also typically include an "abort" feature to discharge the internal capacitor without firing the cap.
In popular culture
Despite the older "T-Handle" design no longer being used, this design of blasting machine is most closely associated with Looney Tunes, and the character Wile E. Coyote, due to his penchant for attempting to use explosive materials to capture or incapacitate the Road Runner, often ending in disaster for the Coyote as the explosive either backfires, the machine does not work properly, or the T-handle gets stuck.
References
^ Smith, H. Julius, "Improvement in magneto-electric machines", U.S. Patent no. 201,296 (January 17, 1878)
^ Smith, H. Julius, "Dynamo-electric igniting machine", U.S. Patent no. 353,827 (December 7, 1886)
^ Smith, Henry Julius, "Art of blasting", U.S. Patent no. 534,289 (February 19, 1895)
^ Krehl, Peter O. K., History of Shock Waves, Explosions and Impact: A Chronological and Biographical Reference (Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2009), p. 365.
^ "Buzz Box: BB-30 Blasting Machine" Archived June 23, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Blasters Tool & Supply Company, accessed 2012-07-09
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Blasting machines.
Inside an Arbra dynamite exploder on YouTube
vteMining equipmentExcavationTools
Pickaxe
Shovel
Hand steel
Crowbar
Sledgehammer
Jackhammer
Gezähe
Blasting
Blasting machine
Detonator / Blasting cap
Dualin
Dynamite
Gunpowder
Heavy machinery
Power shovel
Steam shovel
Rocker Shovel Loader
Dragline excavator
Bucket-wheel excavator
Bucket chain excavator
Gold dredge
Other
Fire-setting
Gold panning
Hushing
TransportVertical
Hoist
Headframe
Winding engine
Whim
Man engine
Horizontal
Mine railway
Minecart
Mine car
Pit pony
Quarry tub
Slate wagon
Mantrip
Material ropeway (Blondin)
Conveyor bridge
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Articulated hauler
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Miner's helmet
Headlamp
Carbide lamp
Ventilation
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Part of a series on mining
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaverry
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Salaverry
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["1 Climate","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
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Coordinates: 8°13′17.02″S 78°58′34.97″W / 8.2213944°S 78.9763806°W / -8.2213944; -78.9763806For other uses, see Salaverry (surname).
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Salaverry" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Place in La Libertad, PeruSalaverrySalaverry Port
FlagSealSalaverryCoordinates: 8°13′17.02″S 78°58′34.97″W / 8.2213944°S 78.9763806°W / -8.2213944; -78.9763806Country PeruRegionLa LibertadProvinceTrujilloGovernment • MayorMiguel Ángel Martínez Vargaz DurangoPopulation (2007) • Urban13,892 • DemonymSalaverrino(a)Time zoneUTC-5 (PET)WebsiteMunicipality of Salaverry
Salaverry is a port town located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) southeast of Trujillo city in the La Libertad Region, Peru. It is the capital of Salaverry District and it is located at around 8°13′16″S 78°58′34″W / 8.22111°S 78.97611°W / -8.22111; -78.97611. The port, rebuilt in the 1960s by an English company, is able to accommodate large cruise ships.
Climate
Climate data for Salaverry, elevation 4 m (13 ft), (1990–2009)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
25.5(77.9)
26.3(79.3)
26.4(79.5)
24.7(76.5)
22.9(73.2)
21.9(71.4)
20.8(69.4)
20.5(68.9)
20.1(68.2)
20.8(69.4)
22.1(71.8)
23.5(74.3)
23.0(73.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
18.9(66.0)
20.5(68.9)
20.4(68.7)
18.7(65.7)
17.4(63.3)
17.1(62.8)
16.3(61.3)
16.1(61.0)
15.7(60.3)
15.9(60.6)
16.5(61.7)
17.7(63.9)
17.6(63.7)
Average relative humidity (%)
88.2
86.7
87.9
89.6
90.7
90.3
87.6
90.3
90.2
89.8
88.6
88.4
89.0
Source: Sistema Nacional de Información Ambiental (precipitation and humidity 2000−2009)
See also
Buenos Aires, Trujillo
Chicama, Peru
Huanchaco
Las Delicias, Trujillo
Moche, Trujillo
Puerto Chicama
Trujillo, Peru
Vista Alegre, Trujillo
References
^ ""La Libertad: Clima y Ríos en Cifras Estadísticas de Seis Décadas"" (PDF). Sistema Nacional de Información Ambiental. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
External links
Media related to Salaverry (Trujillo, Peru) at Wikimedia Commons
Salaverry, Trujillo
Map of Salaverry
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
Israel
United States
Other
NARA
This La Libertad Region geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
|
[{"title":"Buenos Aires, Trujillo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires,_Trujillo"},{"title":"Chicama, Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicama,_Peru"},{"title":"Huanchaco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huanchaco"},{"title":"Las Delicias, Trujillo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Delicias,_Trujillo"},{"title":"Moche, Trujillo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moche,_Trujillo"},{"title":"Puerto Chicama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Chicama"},{"title":"Trujillo, Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trujillo,_Peru"},{"title":"Vista Alegre, Trujillo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vista_Alegre,_Trujillo"}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Israel_(Johannesburg)
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Temple Israel (Johannesburg)
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["1 Progressive Judaism","2 History","3 Activities","4 References","5 External links"]
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Coordinates: 26°11′05″S 28°02′53″E / 26.184808926448447°S 28.048148353470182°E / -26.184808926448447; 28.048148353470182Synagogue in South Africa
Temple IsraelReligionAffiliationProgressive JudaismLeadershipReeva FormanStatusActiveLocationLocationPaul Nel St, Hillbrow, Johannesburg, 2001, South AfricaGeographic coordinates26°11′05″S 28°02′53″E / 26.184808926448447°S 28.048148353470182°E / -26.184808926448447; 28.048148353470182ArchitectureArchitect(s)Hermann KallenbachTypeSynagogueStyleArt DecoGroundbreaking1935Completed1936Websitewww.templeisraelh.org.za
Temple Israel is the oldest of eleven Progressive synagogues in South Africa. It is a provincial heritage site, built in the Art Deco style by architect Hermann Kallenbach. It is located in the Johannesburg suburb of Hillbrow. It is an affiliate of the South African Union for Progressive Judaism (SAUPJ), which is part of the World Union for Progressive Judaism (WUPJ).
Temple Israel officially opened on August 23, 1936, as the mother synagogue of Progressive Judaism in the country. Johannesburg mayor Maurice Freeman, a member of the Jewish community, laid the cornerstone on September 22, 1935. The founding rabbi was Moses Cyrus Weiler.
Progressive Judaism
The progressive streams of Judaism began during the Enlightenment in 18th-century Europe, and was brought to South Africa in the 1930s by Jews fleeing persecution in Central and Eastern Europe. Progressive Judaism aims to strike a balance between modernity and tradition. Progressive Judaism has given prominence to the moral commands over the ritual observances. This is not to abandon rituals altogether, but to highlight that by themselves they are insufficient unless they are accompanied by ethical conduct. This means that the movement is supportive of egalitarian seating and female participation in services, support for LGBT rights and flexibility over Kashrut dietary laws. It is one of four Progressive, the others being Beit Emanuel Progressive Synagogue on Oxford Road, Temple Bet David in Sandton and Beit Luria (opened in 2019) in Randburg. The Progressive movement in South Africa and the overall South African Jewish population reached its high point in the 1970s with an estimated Jewish population of 120 000 of whom 11 000 identified with the Progressive movement. Today the Jewish population is estimated at 70 000 with around 6 000 Progressive Jews.
History
Temple Israel was built in 1936 on the corner of Claim and Paul Nel Streets when the Jewish population of Hillbrow amounted to around 800. The interior maintains much of the original features such as wood panelling and parquet floors. The bimah has twin gold columns and menorah shapes going up the wall. There is also an egalitarian three-sided gallery that runs around the main seating area.
The idea to build the synagogue was sparked by a visit in 1929 of Prof. Abraham Zvi Idelsohn (1882-1938) who was visiting family in Johannesburg at the time. He held forth on Jewish music and the origins of Progressive Judaism, as Reform was also called. Idelsohn encouraged his brother Jerry to found a Reform group in the Gold City. After beginning to hold services in private homes in 1930, Jerry founded the South African Jewish Religious Union for Liberal Judaism (later the South African Union for Progressive Judaism). Jerry made contact with Moses Cyrus Weiler, at the time a student of the elder Idelsohn's at the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion. After he was ordained in August 1933, Rabbi Weiler came to Johannesburg to found a Reform congregation. His first service was held in the Freemason's Hall at Clarendon Place at the edge of Hillbrow.
After Weiler's arrival, a plot was purchased on Empire Road, Parktown and Weiler hired Herman Kallenbach to build a grand synagogue with lush gardens and where Weiler would serve as rabbi. However, just as building work was set to commence, a neighbourhood petition circulated against plans for a synagogue in a residential area. Eventually a decision was made to sell the plot and buy a smaller 3/4 of an acre plot on Paul Nel Street in Hillbrow, where there were already synagogues such as the Great Synagogue and Poswohl Synagogue. Kallenbach used the same Art Deco design that he and his partners A.M. Kennedy and A.S. Furner had prepared for the Parktown site, but scaled it down according to the smaller plot size. Kallenbach also choose the site for the Great Synagogue on Wolmarans Street.
Weiler fostered what has been referred to as ‘Weilerism’, a specific form of Reform Judaism specific to a South African context. This was "rather more cautious than the principles of his American and British counterparts" however, still quite radical by South African standards. Weiler was keen to replicate a trend in American Reform Judaism, where the Bar Mitzvah at age 13 was replaced with Confirmation at age 16, requiring students to study for an exam and then lead a service. However, in South Africa there was instant backlash to the Christian-sounding name of Confirmation and because of the ingrained rite of passage that a Bar Mitzvah held for Jewish boys and men. Weiler quickly reintroduced the Bar Mitzah and any dedicated students that were committed to Conformation did so under the guise of Hebrew names such as Bnei Emunah. The innovations in the services included the use of English alongside Hebrew, gender equality on synagogue committees and the eventual introduction of Bat Mitzvah ceremonies. The Hazzan was also replaced by professional mixed choirs. Weiler also made it compulsory for men to wear a kippah and tallit in services, likewise he expected women to cover their heads too. Kosher dietary laws (Kashrut) were not mandatory but were encouraged. Weiler also introduced a strong emphasis on Zionism, Temple Israel started the first local services where the Hebrew had Israeli-style Sephardic pronunciation rather than Ashkenazic. Hatikvah, the national anthem of the State of Israel was also sung alongside God Save the King. He also attempted to advance a free membership model whereby the synagogue would be entirely funded by the city's wealthiest Jewish individuals such as mining magnates. The model was not feasible, an unsuccessful proposal was made to Ernest Oppenheimer, who was uninterested in Judaism.
On 6 August 1983 a limpet mine exploded outside the synagogue, four hours before State President Marais Viljoen and Rabbi Weiler were scheduled to attend a ceremony marking Temple Israel's 50th anniversary. There were no injuries or deaths, but the blast destroyed walls, ripped out windows and seats and turned cupboards and furniture upside down. Nonetheless, the celebration went ahead with Viljoen and Weiler in attendance. Mahommed Iqbal Shaik of the Dolphin Unit of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) later assumed responsibility during the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings and he was granted amnesty.
Jews began emigrating from South Africa in the 1980s. At Temple Israel's 80th anniversary celebration in 2016, a permanent exhibition was launched delving into the evolution of the Reformed Movement in South Africa and the history of the synagogue, the Heritage Centre. In 2017, only 50 attended regularly, although 300 attended on High Holy Days.
Activities
The congregation consists primarily of old, frail, lonely and poor people from Hillbrow, Berea, Yeoville, and Parktown. These Jews still regard it as their spiritual home. The synagogue is leased to a Christian church for Sunday services, at a nominal fee.
Temple Israel's site houses a school that enrolls Jews and non-Jewish students. The shul has established an outreach program, the M.C. Weiler Primary School, in Alexandra township. The women of Temple Israel began such programs in 1944, believing that Jews must help fellow both believers and their other neighbors in need.
Businesswoman Reeva Forman got involved with Temple Israel in the early 1990s when she heard the congregation was going to sell the synagogue. The purchase vote failed by one. She has served as chairwoman of Temple Israel since 1994.
References
^ "Temple Israel Hillbrow unveils heritage plaque". Inner City Gazette.
^ "Madonsela to speak at Temple Israel milestone". South African Jewish Report. June 22, 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
^ Congregations South African Union for Progressive Judaism. Accessed on 6 December 2019
^ "Johannesburg 1912". Retrieved 15 November 2017.
^ Judaism - Reform Judaism BBC. Accessed on 6 December 2019
^ Johannesburg: Culture & Community Reform Judaism. Accessed on 6 December 2019
^ Temple Israel, Hillbrow, 1936 Joburg. Accessed on 6 December 2019
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Rabbi Weiler and the founding of the Reform movement in SA Progressive Jews (South Africa). August 2019
^ a b c A compelling new history of Progressive Judaism in South Africa Jewish Affairs. 15 December 2020
^ Bomb explodes at Johannesburg synagogue South African History Online. Accessed on 7 December 2019
^ Synagogue in Johannesburg is damaged by an explosion The New York Times. 7 August 1983
^ a b "In Johannesburg, the end of a Jewish community?". Haaretz. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
^ South Africa's Oldest Reform Synagogue Is a Place Where Few Jews Dare Venture Haaretz. 19 June 2019
External links
Official website history page.
South African Virtual Jewish History Tour. URL accessed 15 November 2017.
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|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Progressive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_Judaism"},{"link_name":"South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Art Deco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco"},{"link_name":"Hermann Kallenbach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Kallenbach"},{"link_name":"Johannesburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannesburg"},{"link_name":"Hillbrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillbrow"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"South African Union for Progressive Judaism (SAUPJ)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Union_for_Progressive_Judaism_(SAUPJ)"},{"link_name":"World Union for Progressive Judaism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Union_for_Progressive_Judaism"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Maurice Freeman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Freeman"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Moses Cyrus Weiler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_Cyrus_Weiler"}],"text":"Synagogue in South AfricaTemple Israel is the oldest of eleven Progressive synagogues in South Africa. It is a provincial heritage site, built in the Art Deco style by architect Hermann Kallenbach. It is located in the Johannesburg suburb of Hillbrow.[1][2] It is an affiliate of the South African Union for Progressive Judaism (SAUPJ), which is part of the World Union for Progressive Judaism (WUPJ).[3]Temple Israel officially opened on August 23, 1936, as the mother synagogue of Progressive Judaism in the country. Johannesburg mayor Maurice Freeman, a member of the Jewish community, laid the cornerstone on September 22, 1935.[4] The founding rabbi was Moses Cyrus Weiler.","title":"Temple Israel (Johannesburg)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Enlightenment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment"},{"link_name":"Central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Europe"},{"link_name":"Eastern Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Europe"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"LGBT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT"},{"link_name":"Kashrut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashrut"},{"link_name":"Beit Emanuel Progressive Synagogue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Emanuel_Progressive_Synagogue"},{"link_name":"Sandton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandton"},{"link_name":"Randburg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randburg"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ref-6"}],"text":"The progressive streams of Judaism began during the Enlightenment in 18th-century Europe, and was brought to South Africa in the 1930s by Jews fleeing persecution in Central and Eastern Europe. Progressive Judaism aims to strike a balance between modernity and tradition. Progressive Judaism has given prominence to the moral commands over the ritual observances. This is not to abandon rituals altogether, but to highlight that by themselves they are insufficient unless they are accompanied by ethical conduct.[5] This means that the movement is supportive of egalitarian seating and female participation in services, support for LGBT rights and flexibility over Kashrut dietary laws. It is one of four Progressive, the others being Beit Emanuel Progressive Synagogue on Oxford Road, Temple Bet David in Sandton and Beit Luria (opened in 2019) in Randburg. The Progressive movement in South Africa and the overall South African Jewish population reached its high point in the 1970s with an estimated Jewish population of 120 000 of whom 11 000 identified with the Progressive movement. Today the Jewish population is estimated at 70 000 with around 6 000 Progressive Jews.[6]","title":"Progressive Judaism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Abraham Zvi Idelsohn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Zvi_Idelsohn"},{"link_name":"Jewish music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_music"},{"link_name":"South African Union for Progressive Judaism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Union_for_Progressive_Judaism"},{"link_name":"Moses Cyrus Weiler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_Cyrus_Weiler"},{"link_name":"Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Union_College-Jewish_Institute_of_Religion"},{"link_name":"Parktown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parktown"},{"link_name":"Herman Kallenbach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Kallenbach"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prog-8"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prog-8"},{"link_name":"Hillbrow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillbrow"},{"link_name":"Great Synagogue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Park_Synagogue_(Johannesburg)"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prog-8"},{"link_name":"Art Deco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prog-8"},{"link_name":"American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_for_Reform_Judaism"},{"link_name":"British","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Judaism_(United_Kingdom)"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-saks-9"},{"link_name":"Bar Mitzvah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_Mitzvah"},{"link_name":"Confirmation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prog-8"},{"link_name":"Bar Mitzvah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_Mitzvah"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prog-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-saks-9"},{"link_name":"Bat Mitzvah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_Mitzvah"},{"link_name":"Hazzan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazzan"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-saks-9"},{"link_name":"kippah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippah"},{"link_name":"tallit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallit"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prog-8"},{"link_name":"Kashrut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashrut"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prog-8"},{"link_name":"Zionism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionism"},{"link_name":"Hatikvah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatikvah"},{"link_name":"State of Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Israel"},{"link_name":"God Save the King","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Save_the_King"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prog-8"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prog-8"},{"link_name":"Ernest Oppenheimer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Oppenheimer"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prog-8"},{"link_name":"Marais Viljoen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marais_Viljoen"},{"link_name":"Umkhonto we Sizwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umkhonto_we_Sizwe"},{"link_name":"Truth and Reconciliation Commission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prog-8"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-12"},{"link_name":"High Holy Days","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Holy_Days"}],"text":"Temple Israel was built in 1936 on the corner of Claim and Paul Nel Streets when the Jewish population of Hillbrow amounted to around 800. The interior maintains much of the original features such as wood panelling and parquet floors. The bimah has twin gold columns and menorah shapes going up the wall. There is also an egalitarian three-sided gallery that runs around the main seating area.[7]The idea to build the synagogue was sparked by a visit in 1929 of Prof. Abraham Zvi Idelsohn (1882-1938) who was visiting family in Johannesburg at the time. He held forth on Jewish music and the origins of Progressive Judaism, as Reform was also called. Idelsohn encouraged his brother Jerry to found a Reform group in the Gold City. After beginning to hold services in private homes in 1930, Jerry founded the South African Jewish Religious Union for Liberal Judaism (later the South African Union for Progressive Judaism). Jerry made contact with Moses Cyrus Weiler, at the time a student of the elder Idelsohn's at the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion. After he was ordained in August 1933, Rabbi Weiler came to Johannesburg to found a Reform congregation. His first service was held in the Freemason's Hall at Clarendon Place at the edge of Hillbrow.After Weiler's arrival, a plot was purchased on Empire Road, Parktown and Weiler hired Herman Kallenbach to build a grand synagogue with lush gardens and where Weiler would serve as rabbi.[8] However, just as building work was set to commence, a neighbourhood petition circulated against plans for a synagogue in a residential area.[8] Eventually a decision was made to sell the plot and buy a smaller 3/4 of an acre plot on Paul Nel Street in Hillbrow, where there were already synagogues such as the Great Synagogue and Poswohl Synagogue.[8] Kallenbach used the same Art Deco design that he and his partners A.M. Kennedy and A.S. Furner had prepared for the Parktown site, but scaled it down according to the smaller plot size.[8] Kallenbach also choose the site for the Great Synagogue on Wolmarans Street.Weiler fostered what has been referred to as ‘Weilerism’, a specific form of Reform Judaism specific to a South African context. This was \"rather more cautious than the principles of his American and British counterparts\" however, still quite radical by South African standards.[9] Weiler was keen to replicate a trend in American Reform Judaism, where the Bar Mitzvah at age 13 was replaced with Confirmation at age 16, requiring students to study for an exam and then lead a service.[8] However, in South Africa there was instant backlash to the Christian-sounding name of Confirmation and because of the ingrained rite of passage that a Bar Mitzvah held for Jewish boys and men. Weiler quickly reintroduced the Bar Mitzah and any dedicated students that were committed to Conformation did so under the guise of Hebrew names such as Bnei Emunah.[8][9] The innovations in the services included the use of English alongside Hebrew, gender equality on synagogue committees and the eventual introduction of Bat Mitzvah ceremonies. The Hazzan was also replaced by professional mixed choirs.[9] Weiler also made it compulsory for men to wear a kippah and tallit in services, likewise he expected women to cover their heads too.[8] Kosher dietary laws (Kashrut) were not mandatory but were encouraged.[8] Weiler also introduced a strong emphasis on Zionism, Temple Israel started the first local services where the Hebrew had Israeli-style Sephardic pronunciation rather than Ashkenazic. Hatikvah, the national anthem of the State of Israel was also sung alongside God Save the King.[8] He also attempted to advance a free membership model whereby the synagogue would be entirely funded by the city's wealthiest Jewish individuals such as mining magnates.[8] The model was not feasible, an unsuccessful proposal was made to Ernest Oppenheimer, who was uninterested in Judaism.[8]On 6 August 1983 a limpet mine exploded outside the synagogue, four hours before State President Marais Viljoen and Rabbi Weiler were scheduled to attend a ceremony marking Temple Israel's 50th anniversary. There were no injuries or deaths, but the blast destroyed walls, ripped out windows and seats and turned cupboards and furniture upside down. Nonetheless, the celebration went ahead with Viljoen and Weiler in attendance. Mahommed Iqbal Shaik of the Dolphin Unit of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) later assumed responsibility during the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings and he was granted amnesty.[10][11][8]Jews began emigrating from South Africa in the 1980s. At Temple Israel's 80th anniversary celebration in 2016, a permanent exhibition was launched delving into the evolution of the Reformed Movement in South Africa and the history of the synagogue, the Heritage Centre.[12] In 2017, only 50 attended regularly, although 300 attended on High Holy Days.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Berea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berea,_Gauteng"},{"link_name":"Yeoville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeoville"},{"link_name":"Parktown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parktown"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-12"},{"link_name":"Alexandra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra,_Gauteng"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"text":"The congregation consists primarily of old, frail, lonely and poor people from Hillbrow, Berea, Yeoville, and Parktown. These Jews still regard it as their spiritual home. The synagogue is leased to a Christian church for Sunday services, at a nominal fee.[12]Temple Israel's site houses a school that enrolls Jews and non-Jewish students. The shul has established an outreach program, the M.C. Weiler Primary School, in Alexandra township. The women of Temple Israel began such programs in 1944, believing that Jews must help fellow both believers and their other neighbors in need.Businesswoman Reeva Forman got involved with Temple Israel in the early 1990s when she heard the congregation was going to sell the synagogue. The purchase vote failed by one. She has served as chairwoman of Temple Israel since 1994.[13]","title":"Activities"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Temple Israel Hillbrow unveils heritage plaque\". Inner City Gazette.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.inner-city-gazette.co.za/index.php/world2/item/799-temple-israel-hillbrow-unveils-heritage-plaque","url_text":"\"Temple Israel Hillbrow unveils heritage plaque\""}]},{"reference":"\"Madonsela to speak at Temple Israel milestone\". South African Jewish Report. June 22, 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sajr.co.za/religion/featured-item/2016/06/22/madonsela-to-speak-at-temple-israel-milestone","url_text":"\"Madonsela to speak at Temple Israel milestone\""}]},{"reference":"\"Johannesburg 1912\". Retrieved 15 November 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://johannesburg1912.wordpress.com/2016/02/09/history-of-hillbrow-pt-2/","url_text":"\"Johannesburg 1912\""}]},{"reference":"\"In Johannesburg, the end of a Jewish community?\". Haaretz. Retrieved 15 November 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/news/1.630367","url_text":"\"In Johannesburg, the end of a Jewish community?\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Temple_Israel_(Johannesburg)¶ms=26.184808926448_S_28.04814835347_E_type:landmark","external_links_name":"26°11′05″S 28°02′53″E / 26.184808926448447°S 28.048148353470182°E / -26.184808926448447; 28.048148353470182"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Temple_Israel_(Johannesburg)¶ms=26.184808926448_S_28.04814835347_E_type:landmark","external_links_name":"26°11′05″S 28°02′53″E / 26.184808926448447°S 28.048148353470182°E / -26.184808926448447; 28.048148353470182"},{"Link":"http://www.templeisraelh.org.za/","external_links_name":"www.templeisraelh.org.za"},{"Link":"http://www.inner-city-gazette.co.za/index.php/world2/item/799-temple-israel-hillbrow-unveils-heritage-plaque","external_links_name":"\"Temple Israel Hillbrow unveils heritage plaque\""},{"Link":"http://www.sajr.co.za/religion/featured-item/2016/06/22/madonsela-to-speak-at-temple-israel-milestone","external_links_name":"\"Madonsela to speak at Temple Israel milestone\""},{"Link":"http://saupj.org.za/congregations/","external_links_name":"Congregations"},{"Link":"https://johannesburg1912.wordpress.com/2016/02/09/history-of-hillbrow-pt-2/","external_links_name":"\"Johannesburg 1912\""},{"Link":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/subdivisions/reform_1.shtml","external_links_name":"Judaism - Reform Judaism"},{"Link":"https://reformjudaism.org/johannesburg-culture-community","external_links_name":"Johannesburg: Culture & Community"},{"Link":"https://www.joburg.org.za/play_/Pages/Play%20in%20Joburg/Culture%20and%20Heritage/Links/places%20of%20workship/links/-Temple-Israel,-Hillbrow,-1936.aspx","external_links_name":"Temple Israel, Hillbrow, 1936"},{"Link":"http://www.progressivejews.co.za/rabbi-weiler","external_links_name":"Rabbi Weiler and the founding of the Reform movement in SA"},{"Link":"https://www.sajbd.org/media/a-compelling-new-history-of-progressive-judaism-in-south-africa","external_links_name":"A compelling new history of Progressive Judaism in South Africa"},{"Link":"https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/bomb-explodes-johannesburg-synagogue","external_links_name":"Bomb explodes at Johannesburg synagogue"},{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/07/world/synagogue-in-johannesburg-is-damaged-by-an-explosion.html","external_links_name":"Synagogue in Johannesburg is damaged by an explosion"},{"Link":"https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/news/1.630367","external_links_name":"\"In Johannesburg, the end of a Jewish community?\""},{"Link":"https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/asia-and-australia/.premium-joburg-s-most-famous-synagogue-is-a-place-where-few-jews-dare-venture-1.7393852","external_links_name":"South Africa's Oldest Reform Synagogue Is a Place Where Few Jews Dare Venture"},{"Link":"http://www.templeisraelh.org.za/about-us-2/","external_links_name":"Official website history page"},{"Link":"http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/south-africa-virtual-jewish-history-tour","external_links_name":"South African Virtual Jewish History Tour"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarabeth_Tucek
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Sarabeth Tucek
|
["1 Life and career","2 References","3 External links"]
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American singer and songwriter
Sarabeth TucekBackground informationOccupation(s)Musician, songwriterInstrument(s)Vocals, guitarYears active2003 – presentLabelsSonic Cathedral RecordingsThe Echo LabelWebsitesarabethtucek.comMusical artist
Sarabeth Tucek is an American singer and songwriter. Her self-titled first album was released in 2007, with a second album Get Well Soon in 2011.
Life and career
She was born in Miami, Florida, and grew up in Manhattan, New York before moving to Westfield, New Jersey as a teenager. She graduated from Westfield High School. She initially intended a career in acting, only starting to play guitar and write songs after meeting Anton Newcombe of The Brian Jonestown Massacre. After moving to Los Angeles, she made her recording debut in 2003 as background vocalist on a Bill Callahan-produced album, Goodbye Little Doll by EZT (aka Colin Michael Gagon), and on Callahan's own album as (Smog), Supper. One of her earliest live performances is featured in the 2004 rockumentary Dig!, which chronicled the relationship between The Dandy Warhols and the Brian Jonestown Massacre. She also contributed material to Newcombe's 2005 EP release, We Are the Radio. One of Sarabeth's songs on that EP, "Seer," would later be retitled and released in 2006 on the British label Sonic Cathedral Recordings as Tucek's debut single, "Something for You".
She recorded her debut album, Sarabeth Tucek in 2006, with producers Ethan Johns and Luther Russell. The album was released by The Echo Label in 2007. As well as touring solo and with a band, she has toured and performed as a support act with Ray Lamontagne, Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, and Bob Dylan.
Influenced by Dylan, Cat Stevens and Neil Young, her singing voice has been compared to Karen Carpenter and her style to Cat Power and Neil Young. In 2009, after moving from Los Angeles back to her hometown, Sarabeth released an early version of a new song, "The Doctor", on the French label Wool and played some shows in that country. Following a break, she recorded her follow-up album Get Well Soon outside of Philadelphia, once again with Luther Russell at the helm. She contributed several songs to the soundtrack of the film Shit Year, directed by Cam Archer, which went to the Cannes Film Festival in 2010. After appearing on tribute records to artists as diverse as The Cure, Cy Coleman and Roky Erickson, her second album Get Well Soon, dealing with the aftermath of the death of her father, was released in March 2011, following which she toured the UK.
In 2023 she released her third album - "Joan of All" - released on Darkthing Records. This is a double album in terms of length and available on single CD or Vinyl, again produced by Luther Russell and Sarabeth Tucek. On 15 May 2023 she commenced a UK tour in support of the album with a band recruited in the UK - Drums; Rhii Williams, Bass; Charlie Fitzgerald, Keys & guitar; Ryan Rogers, Guitars; Luther Russell.
The tour started at Rough Trade West, London, Marc Riley BBC 6 music in Salford, Manchester, Birkenhead, Selby, Newcastle, Glasgow, Kendal, Sheffield, Newport , Truro, Marlborough, Rough Trade Nottingham, Rough Trade Bristol, Rough Trade East London, Ramsgate, Corsham and finishing in Birmingham on 4 June after nearly a month. These dates were interspersed with promotional work with TV, radio and printed media including Mojo magazine.
References
^ a b c Sarabeth Tucek at AllMusic
^ a b c The extraordinary Sarabeth Tucek, The Sunday Times, 2 December 2007
^ Be seeing you: Sarabeth Tucek is no prisoner to musical fashion, The Guardian, 23 October 2007
^ Sarabeth Tuck homepage: About
^ BBC review of Get Well Soon
^ Laura Snapes, The Guardian, 16 April 2011
External links
Interview
Sarabeth Tucek Facebook site
BBC radio interview with Marc Riley, May 2011
Authority control databases International
ISNI
Artists
MusicBrainz
|
[{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Musical artistSarabeth Tucek is an American singer and songwriter. Her self-titled first album was released in 2007, with a second album Get Well Soon in 2011.","title":"Sarabeth Tucek"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Miami, Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Manhattan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan"},{"link_name":"Westfield, New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westfield,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-allmusic-1"},{"link_name":"Anton Newcombe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Newcombe"},{"link_name":"The Brian Jonestown Massacre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brian_Jonestown_Massacre"},{"link_name":"Bill Callahan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Callahan_(musician)"},{"link_name":"Supper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supper_(album)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-allmusic-1"},{"link_name":"rockumentary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockumentary"},{"link_name":"Dig!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dig!"},{"link_name":"The Dandy Warhols","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dandy_Warhols"},{"link_name":"Brian Jonestown Massacre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Jonestown_Massacre"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sundaytimes-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-allmusic-1"},{"link_name":"Ethan Johns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Johns"},{"link_name":"Luther Russell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther_Russell"},{"link_name":"The Echo Label","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Echo_Label"},{"link_name":"Ray Lamontagne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Lamontagne"},{"link_name":"Black Rebel Motorcycle Club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Rebel_Motorcycle_Club"},{"link_name":"Bob Dylan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sundaytimes-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-guardian-3"},{"link_name":"Cat Stevens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_Stevens"},{"link_name":"Neil Young","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Young"},{"link_name":"Karen Carpenter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Carpenter"},{"link_name":"Cat Power","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_Power"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sundaytimes-2"},{"link_name":"Cam Archer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam_Archer"},{"link_name":"Cannes Film Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival"},{"link_name":"The Cure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cure"},{"link_name":"Cy Coleman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cy_Coleman"},{"link_name":"Roky Erickson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roky_Erickson"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Luther Russell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther_Russell"}],"text":"She was born in Miami, Florida, and grew up in Manhattan, New York before moving to Westfield, New Jersey as a teenager. She graduated from Westfield High School.[1] She initially intended a career in acting, only starting to play guitar and write songs after meeting Anton Newcombe of The Brian Jonestown Massacre. After moving to Los Angeles, she made her recording debut in 2003 as background vocalist on a Bill Callahan-produced album, Goodbye Little Doll by EZT (aka Colin Michael Gagon), and on Callahan's own album as (Smog), Supper.[1] One of her earliest live performances is featured in the 2004 rockumentary Dig!, which chronicled the relationship between The Dandy Warhols and the Brian Jonestown Massacre.[2] She also contributed material to Newcombe's 2005 EP release, We Are the Radio. One of Sarabeth's songs on that EP, \"Seer,\" would later be retitled and released in 2006 on the British label Sonic Cathedral Recordings as Tucek's debut single, \"Something for You\".[1]She recorded her debut album, Sarabeth Tucek in 2006, with producers Ethan Johns and Luther Russell. The album was released by The Echo Label in 2007. As well as touring solo and with a band, she has toured and performed as a support act with Ray Lamontagne, Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, and Bob Dylan.[2][3]Influenced by Dylan, Cat Stevens and Neil Young, her singing voice has been compared to Karen Carpenter and her style to Cat Power and Neil Young.[2] In 2009, after moving from Los Angeles back to her hometown, Sarabeth released an early version of a new song, \"The Doctor\", on the French label Wool and played some shows in that country. Following a break, she recorded her follow-up album Get Well Soon outside of Philadelphia, once again with Luther Russell at the helm. She contributed several songs to the soundtrack of the film Shit Year, directed by Cam Archer, which went to the Cannes Film Festival in 2010. After appearing on tribute records to artists as diverse as The Cure, Cy Coleman and Roky Erickson, her second album Get Well Soon, dealing with the aftermath of the death of her father, was released in March 2011, following which she toured the UK.[4][5][6]In 2023 she released her third album - \"Joan of All\" - released on Darkthing Records. This is a double album in terms of length and available on single CD or Vinyl, again produced by Luther Russell and Sarabeth Tucek. On 15 May 2023 she commenced a UK tour in support of the album with a band recruited in the UK - Drums; Rhii Williams, Bass; Charlie Fitzgerald, Keys & guitar; Ryan Rogers, Guitars; Luther Russell.\nThe tour started at Rough Trade West, London, Marc Riley BBC 6 music in Salford, Manchester, Birkenhead, Selby, Newcastle, Glasgow, Kendal, Sheffield, Newport [IOW], Truro, Marlborough, Rough Trade Nottingham, Rough Trade Bristol, Rough Trade East London, Ramsgate, Corsham and finishing in Birmingham on 4 June after nearly a month. These dates were interspersed with promotional work with TV, radio and printed media including Mojo magazine.","title":"Life and career"}]
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[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Accords_in_1975
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Helsinki Accords
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["1 Articles","1.1 Freedom of information","2 Ford administration","3 Reception and impact","4 Signatory states","5 Heads of state or government","5.1 International organizations","6 See also","7 References","8 Further reading","9 External links"]
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1975 non-binding European and North American political agreement
For the set of principles on human experimentation, see Declaration of Helsinki.
Helsinki Final ActConference on Security and Co-operation in Europe Final ActThe front page of the Helsinki AccordsHost country FinlandDate30 July – 1 August 1975Venue(s)Finlandia HallCitiesHelsinkiParticipants Helmut Schmidt Erich Honecker Gerald Ford Bruno Kreisky Leo Tindemans Todor Zhivkov Pierre Trudeau Makarios III Anker Jørgensen Carlos Arias Navarro Urho Kekkonen Valéry Giscard d’Estaing Harold Wilson Konstantinos Karamanlis János Kádár Liam Cosgrave Geir Hallgrímsson Aldo Moro Walter Kieber Gaston Thorn Dom Mintoff André Saint-Mleux Trygve Bratteli Joop den Uyl Edward Gierek Francisco da Costa Gomes Nicolae Ceaușescu Gian Luigi Berti Agostino Casaroli Olof Palme Pierre Graber Gustáv Husák Süleyman Demirel Leonid Brezhnev Josip Broz TitoPrecedesParis Charter
Chancellor of Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) Helmut Schmidt, Chairman of the State Council of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) Erich Honecker, US president Gerald Ford and Austrian chancellor Bruno Kreisky
From left is Kissinger, Brezhnev, Ford, and Gromyko outside of the American Embassy, Helsinki, Finland, 1975.
The Helsinki Final Act, also known as Helsinki Accords or Helsinki Declaration was the document signed at the closing meeting of the third phase of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) held in Helsinki, Finland, between 30 July and 1 August 1975, following two years of negotiations known as the Helsinki Process. All then-existing European countries except Andorra and Hoxhaist Albania, as well as the United States and Canada (altogether 35 participating states), signed the Final Act in an attempt to improve the détente between the East and the West. The Helsinki Accords, however, were not binding as they did not have treaty status that would have to be ratified by parliaments. Sometimes the term "Helsinki pact(s)" was also used unofficially.
Articles
In the CSCE terminology, there were four groupings or baskets. In the first basket, the "Declaration on Principles Guiding Relations between Participating States" (also known as "The Decalogue") enumerated the following 10 points:
Sovereign equality, respect for the rights inherent in sovereigntyRefraining from the threat or use of forceInviolability of frontiersTerritorial integrity of statesPeaceful settlement of disputesNon-intervention in internal affairsRespect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of thought, conscience, religion or beliefEqual rights and self-determination of peoplesCo-operation among StatesFulfillment in good faith of obligations under international law
The second basket promised economic, scientific, and technological cooperation; facilitating business contacts and industrial cooperation; linking together transportation networks; and increasing the flow of information. The third basket involved commitments to improve the human context of family reunions, marriages and travel. It also sought to improve the conditions of journalists and expand cultural exchanges. The fourth basket dealt with procedures to monitor implementation, and to plan future meetings.
Freedom of information
The United States had sought a provision that would prohibit radio jamming but it failed to find consensus due to Soviet opposition. Despite this, the West believed jamming was illegal under the agreed upon language for "expansion of the dissemination of information broadcast by radio". The Soviet Union believed that jamming was a legally justified response to broadcasts they argued were a violation of the Helsinki Accords' broad purpose to "meet the interest of mutual understanding among people and the aims set forth by the Conference".
Ford administration
When President Gerald Ford came into office in August 1974, the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) negotiations had been underway for nearly two years. Although the USSR was looking for a rapid resolution, none of the parties were quick to make concessions, particularly on human rights points. Throughout much of the negotiations, US leaders were disengaged and uninterested with the process. In August 1974, National Security Advisor and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger said to Ford "we never wanted it but we went along with the Europeans It is meaningless — it is just a grandstand play to the left. We are going along with it."
In the months leading up to the conclusion of negotiations and signing of the Helsinki Final Act, the American public, in particular Americans of Eastern European descent voiced their concerns that the agreement would mean the acceptance of Soviet domination over Eastern Europe and forced incorporation of the Baltic States into the USSR. President Ford was concerned about this as well and sought clarification on this issue from the US National Security Council.
The US Senate was also worried about the fate of the Baltic States and the CSCE in general. Several senators wrote to President Ford requesting that the final summit stage be delayed until all matters had been settled, and in a way favorable to the West. Ford also attracted criticism from a wide range of political spectrum when he refused to meet with Soviet dissident Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn to avoid damaging Soviet Union–United States relations before the conference.
Shortly before President Ford departed for Helsinki, he held a meeting with a group of Americans of Eastern European background, and stated definitively that US policy on the Baltic States would not change, but would be strengthened since the agreement denies the annexation of territory in violation of international law and allows for the peaceful change of borders.
Ford in July 1975 told the delegation of Americans from East European backgrounds that:
The Helsinki documents involve political and moral commitments aimed at lessening tensions and opening further the lines of communication between peoples of East and West. ... We are not committing ourselves to anything beyond what we are already committed to by our own moral and legal standards and by more formal treaty agreements such as the United Nations Charter and Declaration of Human Rights. ... If it all fails, Europe will be no worse off than it is now. If even a part of it succeeds, the lot the people in Eastern Europe will be that much better, and the cause of freedom will advance at least that far.
His reassurances had little effect. The volume of negative mail continued to grow. The American public was still unconvinced that American policy on the incorporation of the Baltic States would not be changed by the Helsinki Final Act. Despite protests from all around, Ford decided to move forward and sign the agreement. As domestic criticism mounted, Ford hedged on his support for the Helsinki Accords, which had the impact of overall weakening his foreign-policy stature.
Ronald Reagan made the Accords a centerpiece of his campaign against Ford for the 1976 Republican Party presidential primaries. During the general election, the Democratic nominee Jimmy Carter attacked the Accords as a legitimation of the "Soviet domination of Eastern Europe." A debate about the Accords in this vein during the 1976 United States presidential debates led to an infamous presidential gaffe in which Ford claimed that there was "no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe, and there never will be under a Ford administration." His blunder in the debate with Carter when he denied Kremlin control of Poland proved disastrous.
Reception and impact
The document was seen both as a significant step toward reducing Cold War tensions and as a major diplomatic boost for the Soviet Union at the time, due to its clauses on the inviolability of national frontiers and respect for territorial integrity, which were seen to consolidate the USSR's territorial gains in Eastern Europe following World War II. Considering objections from Canada, Spain, Ireland and other states, the Final Act simply stated that "frontiers" in Europe should be stable but could change by peaceful internal means.: 65 US president Gerald Ford also reaffirmed that US non-recognition policy of the Baltic States' (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) forced incorporation into the Soviet Union had not changed. Leaders of other NATO member states made similar statements.: 65
However, the civil rights portion of the agreement provided the basis for the work of the Helsinki Watch, an independent non-governmental organization created to monitor compliance to the Helsinki Accords (which evolved into several regional committees, eventually forming the International Helsinki Federation and Human Rights Watch). While these provisions applied to all signatories, the focus of attention was on their application to the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies, including Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Hungary, Poland, and Romania. Soviet propaganda presented the Final Act as a great triumph for Soviet diplomacy and for Brezhnev personally.: 65
In practice, the Soviet government significantly curbed the rule of law, civil liberties, protection of law and guarantees of property, which were considered examples of "bourgeois morality" by Soviet legal theorists such as Andrey Vyshinsky. The Soviet Union signed legally-binding human rights documents, but they were neither widely known or accessible to people living under Communist rule, nor were they taken seriously by the Communist authorities.: 117 Human rights activists in the Soviet Union were regularly subjected to harassment, repressions and arrests.
According to the Cold War scholar John Lewis Gaddis in his book The Cold War: A New History (2005), "Leonid Brezhnev had looked forward, Anatoly Dobrynin recalls, to the 'publicity he would gain... when the Soviet public learned of the final settlement of the postwar boundaries for which they had sacrificed so much'... ' gradually became a manifesto of the dissident and liberal movement'... What this meant was that the people who lived under these systems — at least the more courageous — could claim official permission to say what they thought."
The then-People's Republic of Albania refused to participate in the Accords, its leader Enver Hoxha arguing, "All the satellites of the Soviets with the possible exception of the Bulgarians want to break the shackles of the Warsaw Treaty, but they cannot. Then their only hope is that which the Helsinki document allows them, that is, to strengthen their friendship with the United States of America and the West, to seek investments from them in the form of credits and imports of their technology without any restrictions, to allow the church to occupy its former place, to deepen the moral degeneration, to increase the anti-Sovietism, and the Warsaw Treaty will remain an empty egg-shell."
The Helsinki Accords served as the groundwork for the later Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), established in 1995 under the Paris Charter of 1990.
Signatory states
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Cyprus
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
East Germany
Finland
France
Greece
Holy See
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Malta
Monaco
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
San Marino
Soviet Union
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
West Germany
Yugoslavia
Heads of state or government
The "undersigned High Representatives of the participating States" as well as seating at the conference were ordered alphabetically by the countries' short names in French (thus starting with the two Allemagnes followed by America, and Tchécoslovaquie separated from Union soviétique by Turquie etc.). This also influenced the act's headers consecutively in German, English, Spanish, French, Italian and Russian, which were also the conference's working languages and languages of the act itself.
Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany
Erich Honecker, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
Gerald Ford, President of the United States
Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria
Leo Tindemans, Prime Minister of Belgium
Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria
Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada
Makarios III, President of Cyprus
Anker Jørgensen, Prime Minister of Denmark
Carlos Arias Navarro, Prime Minister of Spain
Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland
Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, President of France (who also serves as Co-Prince of Andorra however no such function at all is mentioned in the declaration)
Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Konstantinos Karamanlis, Prime Minister of Greece
János Kádár, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
Liam Cosgrave, Taoiseach of Ireland
Geir Hallgrímsson, Prime Minister of Iceland
Aldo Moro, Prime Minister of Italy
Walter Kieber, Prime Minister of Liechtenstein
Gaston Thorn, Prime Minister of Luxembourg
Dom Mintoff, Prime Minister of Malta
André Saint-Mleux, Minister of State of Monaco
Trygve Bratteli, Prime Minister of Norway
Joop den Uyl, Prime Minister of the Netherlands
Edward Gierek, First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party
Francisco da Costa Gomes, President of Portugal
Nicolae Ceaușescu, President of Romania
Gian Luigi Berti, Captain Regent of San Marino
Agostino Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State
Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden
Pierre Graber, President of the Swiss Confederation
Gustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia
Süleyman Demirel, Prime Minister of Turkey
Leonid Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia
International organizations
Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General of the United Nations (giving the opening speech "as their guest of honour", non-signatory)
See also
Helsinki Committee for Human Rights – country organizations
Charter 77 and Moscow Helsinki Group, Czechoslovak and Soviet/Russian dissident initiatives that appealed to the Helsinki Accords
Helsinki Citizens' Assembly
References
^ https://www.csce.gov/sites/helsinkicommission.house.gov/files/The%20Helsinki%20Process%20Four%20Decade%20Overview.pdf
^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Helsinki Accords. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/260615/Helsinki-Accords
^ "Helsinki pact: A three-way battle in Madrid". Christian Science Monitor. 9 September 1980.
^ Timothy J. Lynch, ed., The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Military and Diplomatic History (2013) 1: 460-62.
^ Price, Rochelle B. (1984). "Jamming and the Law of International Communications". Michigan Journal of International Law. 5 (1).
^ Ford, Gerald; Kissinger, Henry; Scowcroft, Brent (August 15, 1974). President Ford–Henry Kissinger memcon (August 15, 1974) . Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. p. 5 – via Wikisource.
^ President's Inquiry on CSCE / Baltic States (Case File)
^ Request by Senators for a Delay of the Final Stage of Helsinki Final Act (Case File)
^ a b Wilentz, Sean (2008). The Age of Reagan: A History, 1974-2008 (1 ed.). New York, NY: Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-074480-9. OCLC 182779124.
^ a b Memorandum for Henry Kissinger from A. Denis Clift, Re: Replies to Correspondence Critical of CSCE
^ Ford, Gerald R. (1977). Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Gerald R. Ford, 1975. Best Books on. pp. 1030–31. ISBN 9781623768485.
^ President Ford's Visit to Helsinki, July 29 - August 2, 1975, CSCE Briefing Book
^ a b Sarah B. Snyder, "Through the Looking Glass: The Helsinki Final Act and the 1976 Election for President." Diplomacy & Statecraft 21.1 (2010): 87-106.
^ a b c Hiden, John; Vahur Made; David J. Smith (2008). The Baltic question during the Cold War. Routledge. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-415-37100-1.
^ McHugh, James T.; James S. Pacy (2001). Diplomats without a country: Baltic diplomacy, international law, and the Cold War. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-313-31878-8.
^ Richard Pipes (2001) Communism Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-64688-5
^ Richard Pipes (1994) Russia Under the Bolshevik Regime. Vintage. ISBN 0-679-76184-5., pages 401–403.
^ Wyszyński, Andrzej (1949). Teoria dowodów sądowych w prawie radzieckim (PDF). Biblioteka Zrzeszenia Prawników Demokratów. pp. 153, 162.
^ Thomas, Daniel C. (2005). "Human Rights Ideas, the Demise of Communism, and the End of the Cold War". Journal of Cold War Studies. 7 (2): 110–141. doi:10.1162/1520397053630600. S2CID 57570614.
^ Gaddis, John Lewis (2005). The Cold War. London: Penguin. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-141-02532-2.
^ Enver Hoxha. The Superpowers. Tiranë: 8 Nëntori Publishing House. 1986.
^ https://www.csce.gov/sites/helsinkicommission.house.gov/files/Helsinki%20Final%20Act.pdf
Further reading
Korey, William. The Promises We Keep: Human Rights, the Helsinki Process, and American Foreign Policy (St. Martin's Press, 1993).
Morgan, Michael Cotey. The Final Act: The Helsinki Accords and the Transformation of the Cold War. (Princeton UP, 2018).
Nuti, Leopoldo, ed. The Crisis of Détente in Europe: From Helsinki to Gorbachev 1975-1985 (Routledge, 2008).
Snyder, Sarah B. "Through the Looking Glass: The Helsinki Final Act and the 1976 Election for President." Diplomacy & Statecraft 21.1 (2010): 87-106. it helped defeat Gerald Ford
Thomas, Daniel C. "The Helsinki accords and political change in Eastern Europe." Cambridge Studies in International Relations 66 (1999): 205–233.|
Thomas, Daniel C. The Helsinki Effect: International Norms, Human Rights, and the Demise of Communism. Princeton UP, 2001. ISBN 9780691048598
Wenger, Andreas, Vojtech Mastny, and Christian Nünlist, eds. Origins of the European security system: the Helsinki Process revisited, 1965-75. (Routledge, 2008).
Kieninger, Stephan, Dynamic Détente: The United States and Europe, 1964–1975 (Lexington Books, 2016).
Badalassi, Nicolas, and Sarah B. Snyder, eds. The CSCE and the End of the Cold War: Diplomacy, Societies and Human Rights, 1972-1990 (Berghahn Books, 2018).
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Helsinki Accords.
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Helsinki Final Act
Full text of the Final Act, 1975 Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
United States Helsinki Commission
Scan of the original copy with signatures (PDF)
Signing of the Final Act on August 1st 1975
OSCE Magazine October 2005: Special anniversary issue: 30 years of the Helsinki Final Act, 1975-2005
The Helsinki process and the death of communism
Interview with Henry Kissinger discusses Helsinki Accords during Soviet Repression in Poland from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
The Helsinki Final Act: Resources for Understanding its Creation, Implementation and Legacy (see the nameplates at the photo)
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Declaration of Helsinki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Helsinki"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-P0801-026,_Helsinki,_KSZE-Konferenz,_Schlussakte.jpg"},{"link_name":"Helmut Schmidt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt"},{"link_name":"Erich Honecker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Honecker"},{"link_name":"Gerald Ford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford"},{"link_name":"Bruno Kreisky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Kreisky"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Kissinger,_Leonid_Brezhnev,_President_Gerald_Ford,_and_Andrei_Gromyko.jpg"},{"link_name":"Kissinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissinger"},{"link_name":"Gromyko","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Gromyko"},{"link_name":"Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conference_on_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe"},{"link_name":"Helsinki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"European countries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Europe"},{"link_name":"Andorra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra"},{"link_name":"Hoxhaist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoxhaism"},{"link_name":"Albania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"},{"link_name":"détente","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9tente"},{"link_name":"East","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Bloc"},{"link_name":"West","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Bloc"},{"link_name":"treaty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"For the set of principles on human experimentation, see Declaration of Helsinki.Chancellor of Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) Helmut Schmidt, Chairman of the State Council of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) Erich Honecker, US president Gerald Ford and Austrian chancellor Bruno KreiskyFrom left is Kissinger, Brezhnev, Ford, and Gromyko outside of the American Embassy, Helsinki, Finland, 1975.The Helsinki Final Act, also known as Helsinki Accords or Helsinki Declaration was the document signed at the closing meeting of the third phase of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) held in Helsinki, Finland, between 30 July and 1 August 1975, following two years of negotiations known as the Helsinki Process.[1] All then-existing European countries except Andorra and Hoxhaist Albania, as well as the United States and Canada (altogether 35 participating states), signed the Final Act in an attempt to improve the détente between the East and the West. The Helsinki Accords, however, were not binding as they did not have treaty status that would have to be ratified by parliaments.[2] Sometimes the term \"Helsinki pact(s)\" was also used unofficially.[3]","title":"Helsinki Accords"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Territorial integrity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_integrity"},{"link_name":"human rights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights"},{"link_name":"fundamental freedoms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_freedoms"},{"link_name":"freedom of thought","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_thought"},{"link_name":"religion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_religion"},{"link_name":"self-determination of peoples","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_self-determination"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"In the CSCE terminology, there were four groupings or baskets. In the first basket, the \"Declaration on Principles Guiding Relations between Participating States\" (also known as \"The Decalogue\") enumerated the following 10 points:Sovereign equality, respect for the rights inherent in sovereigntyRefraining from the threat or use of forceInviolability of frontiersTerritorial integrity of statesPeaceful settlement of disputesNon-intervention in internal affairsRespect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of thought, conscience, religion or beliefEqual rights and self-determination of peoplesCo-operation among StatesFulfillment in good faith of obligations under international lawThe second basket promised economic, scientific, and technological cooperation; facilitating business contacts and industrial cooperation; linking together transportation networks; and increasing the flow of information. The third basket involved commitments to improve the human context of family reunions, marriages and travel. It also sought to improve the conditions of journalists and expand cultural exchanges. The fourth basket dealt with procedures to monitor implementation, and to plan future meetings.[4]","title":"Articles"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"radio jamming","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_jamming"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"sub_title":"Freedom of information","text":"The United States had sought a provision that would prohibit radio jamming but it failed to find consensus due to Soviet opposition. Despite this, the West believed jamming was illegal under the agreed upon language for \"expansion of the dissemination of information broadcast by radio\". The Soviet Union believed that jamming was a legally justified response to broadcasts they argued were a violation of the Helsinki Accords' broad purpose to \"meet the interest of mutual understanding among people and the aims set forth by the Conference\".[5]","title":"Articles"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Gerald Ford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford"},{"link_name":"Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conference_on_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe"},{"link_name":"Henry Kissinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Soviet domination over Eastern Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Bloc"},{"link_name":"forced incorporation of the Baltic States into the USSR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_states_under_Soviet_rule_(1944%E2%80%931991)"},{"link_name":"US National Security Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Baltic States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_States"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Soviet dissident","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_dissidents"},{"link_name":"Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn"},{"link_name":"Soviet Union–United States relations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-9"},{"link_name":"international law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-kissinger-memo-10"},{"link_name":"United Nations Charter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations"},{"link_name":"Declaration of Human Rights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-kissinger-memo-10"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-13"},{"link_name":"Ronald Reagan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan"},{"link_name":"his campaign","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_1976_presidential_campaign"},{"link_name":"1976 Republican Party presidential primaries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries"},{"link_name":"general election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election"},{"link_name":"Jimmy Carter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter"},{"link_name":"1976 United States presidential debates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_debates"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-9"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-13"}],"text":"When President Gerald Ford came into office in August 1974, the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) negotiations had been underway for nearly two years. Although the USSR was looking for a rapid resolution, none of the parties were quick to make concessions, particularly on human rights points. Throughout much of the negotiations, US leaders were disengaged and uninterested with the process. In August 1974, National Security Advisor and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger said to Ford \"we never wanted it but we went along with the Europeans [...] It is meaningless — it is just a grandstand play to the left. We are going along with it.\"[6]In the months leading up to the conclusion of negotiations and signing of the Helsinki Final Act, the American public, in particular Americans of Eastern European descent voiced their concerns that the agreement would mean the acceptance of Soviet domination over Eastern Europe and forced incorporation of the Baltic States into the USSR. President Ford was concerned about this as well and sought clarification on this issue from the US National Security Council.[7]The US Senate was also worried about the fate of the Baltic States and the CSCE in general. Several senators wrote to President Ford requesting that the final summit stage be delayed until all matters had been settled, and in a way favorable to the West.[8] Ford also attracted criticism from a wide range of political spectrum when he refused to meet with Soviet dissident Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn to avoid damaging Soviet Union–United States relations before the conference.[9]Shortly before President Ford departed for Helsinki, he held a meeting with a group of Americans of Eastern European background, and stated definitively that US policy on the Baltic States would not change, but would be strengthened since the agreement denies the annexation of territory in violation of international law and allows for the peaceful change of borders.[10]Ford in July 1975 told the delegation of Americans from East European backgrounds that:The Helsinki documents involve political and moral commitments aimed at lessening tensions and opening further the lines of communication between peoples of East and West. ... We are not committing ourselves to anything beyond what we are already committed to by our own moral and legal standards and by more formal treaty agreements such as the United Nations Charter and Declaration of Human Rights. ... If it all fails, Europe will be no worse off than it is now. If even a part of it succeeds, the lot the people in Eastern Europe will be that much better, and the cause of freedom will advance at least that far.[11]His reassurances had little effect. The volume of negative mail continued to grow.[10] The American public was still unconvinced that American policy on the incorporation of the Baltic States would not be changed by the Helsinki Final Act. Despite protests from all around, Ford decided to move forward and sign the agreement.[12] As domestic criticism mounted, Ford hedged on his support for the Helsinki Accords, which had the impact of overall weakening his foreign-policy stature.[13]Ronald Reagan made the Accords a centerpiece of his campaign against Ford for the 1976 Republican Party presidential primaries. During the general election, the Democratic nominee Jimmy Carter attacked the Accords as a legitimation of the \"Soviet domination of Eastern Europe.\" A debate about the Accords in this vein during the 1976 United States presidential debates led to an infamous presidential gaffe in which Ford claimed that there was \"no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe, and there never will be under a Ford administration.\"[9] His blunder in the debate with Carter when he denied Kremlin control of Poland proved disastrous.[13]","title":"Ford administration"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cold War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"},{"link_name":"Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_(state)"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-QUEST-14"},{"link_name":"Gerald Ford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford"},{"link_name":"non-recognition policy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welles_Declaration"},{"link_name":"Baltic States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_States"},{"link_name":"Lithuania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania"},{"link_name":"Latvia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia"},{"link_name":"Estonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia"},{"link_name":"forced incorporation into the Soviet Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_Baltic_States"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"NATO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-QUEST-14"},{"link_name":"civil rights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights"},{"link_name":"Helsinki Watch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Watch"},{"link_name":"non-governmental organization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-governmental_organization"},{"link_name":"International Helsinki Federation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Helsinki_Federation"},{"link_name":"Human Rights Watch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch"},{"link_name":"Warsaw Pact","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Pact"},{"link_name":"Bulgaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria"},{"link_name":"Czechoslovakia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia"},{"link_name":"German Democratic Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germany"},{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary"},{"link_name":"Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania"},{"link_name":"Soviet propaganda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_in_the_Soviet_Union"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-QUEST-14"},{"link_name":"rule of law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_law"},{"link_name":"civil liberties","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_liberties"},{"link_name":"protection of law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_justice"},{"link_name":"guarantees of property","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_rights"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pipes2001-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pipes1994-17"},{"link_name":"Andrey Vyshinsky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Vyshinsky"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Vyshinsky1949-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-thomas-hrideas-19"},{"link_name":"John Lewis Gaddis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis"},{"link_name":"Leonid Brezhnev","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev"},{"link_name":"Anatoly Dobrynin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly_Dobrynin"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"People's Republic of Albania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Albania"},{"link_name":"Enver Hoxha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enver_Hoxha"},{"link_name":"possible exception of the Bulgarians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Russia_relations#20th_century"},{"link_name":"Warsaw Treaty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Pact"},{"link_name":"anti-Sovietism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Sovietism"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe"},{"link_name":"Paris Charter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Charter"}],"text":"The document was seen both as a significant step toward reducing Cold War tensions and as a major diplomatic boost for the Soviet Union at the time, due to its clauses on the inviolability of national frontiers and respect for territorial integrity, which were seen to consolidate the USSR's territorial gains in Eastern Europe following World War II. Considering objections from Canada, Spain, Ireland and other states, the Final Act simply stated that \"frontiers\" in Europe should be stable but could change by peaceful internal means.[14]: 65 US president Gerald Ford also reaffirmed that US non-recognition policy of the Baltic States' (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) forced incorporation into the Soviet Union had not changed.[15] Leaders of other NATO member states made similar statements.[14]: 65However, the civil rights portion of the agreement provided the basis for the work of the Helsinki Watch, an independent non-governmental organization created to monitor compliance to the Helsinki Accords (which evolved into several regional committees, eventually forming the International Helsinki Federation and Human Rights Watch). While these provisions applied to all signatories, the focus of attention was on their application to the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies, including Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Hungary, Poland, and Romania. Soviet propaganda presented the Final Act as a great triumph for Soviet diplomacy and for Brezhnev personally.[14]: 65In practice, the Soviet government significantly curbed the rule of law, civil liberties, protection of law and guarantees of property,[16][17] which were considered examples of \"bourgeois morality\" by Soviet legal theorists such as Andrey Vyshinsky.[18] The Soviet Union signed legally-binding human rights documents, but they were neither widely known or accessible to people living under Communist rule, nor were they taken seriously by the Communist authorities.[19]: 117 Human rights activists in the Soviet Union were regularly subjected to harassment, repressions and arrests.According to the Cold War scholar John Lewis Gaddis in his book The Cold War: A New History (2005), \"Leonid Brezhnev had looked forward, Anatoly Dobrynin recalls, to the 'publicity he would gain... when the Soviet public learned of the final settlement of the postwar boundaries for which they had sacrificed so much'... '[Instead, the Helsinki Accords] gradually became a manifesto of the dissident and liberal movement'... What this meant was that the people who lived under these [communist] systems — at least the more courageous — could claim official permission to say what they thought.\"[20]The then-People's Republic of Albania refused to participate in the Accords, its leader Enver Hoxha arguing, \"All the satellites of the Soviets with the possible exception of the Bulgarians want to break the shackles of the Warsaw Treaty, but they cannot. Then their only hope is that which the Helsinki document allows them, that is, to strengthen their friendship with the United States of America and the West, to seek investments from them in the form of credits and imports of their technology without any restrictions, to allow the church to occupy its former place, to deepen the moral degeneration, to increase the anti-Sovietism, and the Warsaw Treaty will remain an empty egg-shell.\"[21]The Helsinki Accords served as the groundwork for the later Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), established in 1995 under the Paris Charter of 1990.","title":"Reception and impact"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria"},{"link_name":"Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium"},{"link_name":"Bulgaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria"},{"link_name":"Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"},{"link_name":"Cyprus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus"},{"link_name":"Czechoslovakia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia"},{"link_name":"Denmark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark"},{"link_name":"East Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germany"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece"},{"link_name":"Holy See","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See"},{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary"},{"link_name":"Iceland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland"},{"link_name":"Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy"},{"link_name":"Liechtenstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein"},{"link_name":"Luxembourg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg"},{"link_name":"Malta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta"},{"link_name":"Monaco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco"},{"link_name":"Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands"},{"link_name":"Norway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway"},{"link_name":"Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"Portugal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal"},{"link_name":"Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania"},{"link_name":"San Marino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino"},{"link_name":"Soviet Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"},{"link_name":"Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden"},{"link_name":"Switzerland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland"},{"link_name":"Turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey"},{"link_name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"West Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany"},{"link_name":"Yugoslavia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia"}],"text":"Austria\n Belgium\n Bulgaria\n Canada\n Cyprus\n Czechoslovakia\n Denmark\n East Germany\n Finland\n France\n Greece\n Holy See\n Hungary\n Iceland\n Ireland\n Italy\n Liechtenstein\n Luxembourg\n Malta\n Monaco\n Netherlands\n Norway\n Poland\n Portugal\n Romania\n San Marino\n Soviet Union\n Spain\n Sweden\n Switzerland\n Turkey\n United Kingdom\n United States\n West Germany\n Yugoslavia","title":"Signatory states"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Helmut Schmidt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt"},{"link_name":"Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Chancellor_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany"},{"link_name":"Erich Honecker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Honecker"},{"link_name":"First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_of_East_Germany"},{"link_name":"Gerald Ford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford"},{"link_name":"President of the United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"Bruno Kreisky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Kreisky"},{"link_name":"Chancellor of Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancellor_of_Austria"},{"link_name":"Leo Tindemans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Tindemans"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium"},{"link_name":"Todor Zhivkov","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todor_Zhivkov"},{"link_name":"Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Bulgaria"},{"link_name":"Pierre Trudeau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada"},{"link_name":"Makarios III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makarios_III"},{"link_name":"President of Cyprus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Cyprus"},{"link_name":"Anker Jørgensen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anker_J%C3%B8rgensen"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of Denmark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark"},{"link_name":"Carlos Arias Navarro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Arias_Navarro"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain"},{"link_name":"Urho Kekkonen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urho_Kekkonen"},{"link_name":"President of Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Finland"},{"link_name":"Valéry Giscard d’Estaing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%E2%80%99Estaing"},{"link_name":"President of France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_France"},{"link_name":"Co-Prince of Andorra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-Prince_of_Andorra"},{"link_name":"Harold Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Wilson"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of the United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Konstantinos Karamanlis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece"},{"link_name":"János Kádár","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_K%C3%A1d%C3%A1r"},{"link_name":"Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Socialist_Workers%27_Party"},{"link_name":"Liam Cosgrave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave"},{"link_name":"Taoiseach of Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoiseach"},{"link_name":"Geir Hallgrímsson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geir_Hallgr%C3%ADmsson"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of Iceland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland"},{"link_name":"Aldo Moro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldo_Moro"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy"},{"link_name":"Walter Kieber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Kieber"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of Liechtenstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Liechtenstein"},{"link_name":"Gaston Thorn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Thorn"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of Luxembourg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Luxembourg"},{"link_name":"Dom Mintoff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_Mintoff"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of Malta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta"},{"link_name":"André Saint-Mleux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Saint-Mleux"},{"link_name":"Minister of State of Monaco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_State_(Monaco)"},{"link_name":"Trygve Bratteli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trygve_Bratteli"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of Norway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway"},{"link_name":"Joop den Uyl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joop_den_Uyl"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of the Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands"},{"link_name":"Edward Gierek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Gierek"},{"link_name":"Polish United Workers' Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party"},{"link_name":"Francisco da Costa Gomes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_da_Costa_Gomes"},{"link_name":"President of Portugal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Portugal"},{"link_name":"Nicolae Ceaușescu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu"},{"link_name":"President of Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Romania"},{"link_name":"Gian Luigi Berti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Luigi_Berti"},{"link_name":"Captain Regent of San Marino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Regent_of_San_Marino"},{"link_name":"Agostino Casaroli","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agostino_Casaroli"},{"link_name":"Cardinal Secretary of State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State"},{"link_name":"Olof Palme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olof_Palme"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden"},{"link_name":"Pierre Graber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Graber"},{"link_name":"President of the Swiss Confederation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation"},{"link_name":"Gustáv Husák","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k"},{"link_name":"President of Czechoslovakia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Czechoslovakia"},{"link_name":"Süleyman Demirel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of Turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey"},{"link_name":"Leonid Brezhnev","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev"},{"link_name":"General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union"},{"link_name":"Josip Broz Tito","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito"},{"link_name":"President of Yugoslavia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Yugoslavia"}],"text":"The \"undersigned High Representatives of the participating States\" as well as seating at the conference were ordered alphabetically by the countries' short names in French (thus starting with the two Allemagnes followed by America, and Tchécoslovaquie separated from Union soviétique by Turquie etc.). This also influenced the act's headers consecutively in German, English, Spanish, French, Italian and Russian, which were also the conference's working languages and languages of the act itself.[22]Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany\nErich Honecker, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany\nGerald Ford, President of the United States\nBruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria\nLeo Tindemans, Prime Minister of Belgium\nTodor Zhivkov, Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria\nPierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada\nMakarios III, President of Cyprus\nAnker Jørgensen, Prime Minister of Denmark\nCarlos Arias Navarro, Prime Minister of Spain\nUrho Kekkonen, President of Finland\nValéry Giscard d’Estaing, President of France (who also serves as Co-Prince of Andorra however no such function at all is mentioned in the declaration)\nHarold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom\nKonstantinos Karamanlis, Prime Minister of Greece\nJános Kádár, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party\nLiam Cosgrave, Taoiseach of Ireland\nGeir Hallgrímsson, Prime Minister of Iceland\nAldo Moro, Prime Minister of Italy\nWalter Kieber, Prime Minister of Liechtenstein\nGaston Thorn, Prime Minister of Luxembourg\nDom Mintoff, Prime Minister of Malta\nAndré Saint-Mleux, Minister of State of Monaco\nTrygve Bratteli, Prime Minister of Norway\nJoop den Uyl, Prime Minister of the Netherlands\nEdward Gierek, First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party\nFrancisco da Costa Gomes, President of Portugal\nNicolae Ceaușescu, President of Romania\nGian Luigi Berti, Captain Regent of San Marino\nAgostino Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State\nOlof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden\nPierre Graber, President of the Swiss Confederation\nGustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia\nSüleyman Demirel, Prime Minister of Turkey\nLeonid Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union\nJosip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia","title":"Heads of state or government"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kurt Waldheim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Waldheim"},{"link_name":"Secretary-General of the United Nations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations"}],"sub_title":"International organizations","text":"Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General of the United Nations (giving the opening speech \"as their guest of honour\", non-signatory)","title":"Heads of state or government"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780691048598","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691048598"},{"link_name":"Vojtech Mastny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojtech_Mastny_(historian)"}],"text":"Korey, William. The Promises We Keep: Human Rights, the Helsinki Process, and American Foreign Policy (St. Martin's Press, 1993).\nMorgan, Michael Cotey. The Final Act: The Helsinki Accords and the Transformation of the Cold War. (Princeton UP, 2018).\nNuti, Leopoldo, ed. The Crisis of Détente in Europe: From Helsinki to Gorbachev 1975-1985 (Routledge, 2008).\nSnyder, Sarah B. \"Through the Looking Glass: The Helsinki Final Act and the 1976 Election for President.\" Diplomacy & Statecraft 21.1 (2010): 87-106. it helped defeat Gerald Ford\nThomas, Daniel C. \"The Helsinki accords and political change in Eastern Europe.\" Cambridge Studies in International Relations 66 (1999): 205–233.|\nThomas, Daniel C. The Helsinki Effect: International Norms, Human Rights, and the Demise of Communism. Princeton UP, 2001. ISBN 9780691048598\nWenger, Andreas, Vojtech Mastny, and Christian Nünlist, eds. Origins of the European security system: the Helsinki Process revisited, 1965-75. (Routledge, 2008).\nKieninger, Stephan, Dynamic Détente: The United States and Europe, 1964–1975 (Lexington Books, 2016).\nBadalassi, Nicolas, and Sarah B. Snyder, eds. The CSCE and the End of the Cold War: Diplomacy, Societies and Human Rights, 1972-1990 (Berghahn Books, 2018).","title":"Further reading"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Chancellor of Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) Helmut Schmidt, Chairman of the State Council of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) Erich Honecker, US president Gerald Ford and Austrian chancellor Bruno Kreisky","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-P0801-026%2C_Helsinki%2C_KSZE-Konferenz%2C_Schlussakte.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-P0801-026%2C_Helsinki%2C_KSZE-Konferenz%2C_Schlussakte.jpg"},{"image_text":"From left is Kissinger, Brezhnev, Ford, and Gromyko outside of the American Embassy, Helsinki, Finland, 1975.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Henry_Kissinger%2C_Leonid_Brezhnev%2C_President_Gerald_Ford%2C_and_Andrei_Gromyko.jpg/300px-Henry_Kissinger%2C_Leonid_Brezhnev%2C_President_Gerald_Ford%2C_and_Andrei_Gromyko.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"Helsinki Committee for Human Rights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Committee_for_Human_Rights"},{"title":"Charter 77","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_77"},{"title":"Moscow Helsinki Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Helsinki_Group"},{"title":"Helsinki Citizens' Assembly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Citizens%27_Assembly"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Helsinki pact: A three-way battle in Madrid\". Christian Science Monitor. 9 September 1980.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0909/090925.html","url_text":"\"Helsinki pact: A three-way battle in Madrid\""}]},{"reference":"Price, Rochelle B. (1984). \"Jamming and the Law of International Communications\". Michigan Journal of International Law. 5 (1).","urls":[{"url":"https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1841&context=mjil","url_text":"\"Jamming and the Law of International Communications\""}]},{"reference":"Ford, Gerald; Kissinger, Henry; Scowcroft, Brent (August 15, 1974). President Ford–Henry Kissinger memcon (August 15, 1974) . Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. p. 5 – via Wikisource.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford","url_text":"Ford, Gerald"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger","url_text":"Kissinger, Henry"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent_Scowcroft","url_text":"Scowcroft, Brent"},{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/President_Ford%E2%80%93Henry_Kissinger_memcon_(August_15,_1974)","url_text":"President Ford–Henry Kissinger memcon (August 15, 1974)"},{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/President_Ford%E2%80%93Henry_Kissinger_memcon_(August_15,_1974)#5","url_text":"5"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikisource","url_text":"Wikisource"}]},{"reference":"Wilentz, Sean (2008). The Age of Reagan: A History, 1974-2008 (1 ed.). New York, NY: Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-074480-9. OCLC 182779124.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-074480-9","url_text":"978-0-06-074480-9"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/182779124","url_text":"182779124"}]},{"reference":"Ford, Gerald R. (1977). Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Gerald R. Ford, 1975. Best Books on. pp. 1030–31. ISBN 9781623768485.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=SILVAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1031","url_text":"Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Gerald R. Ford, 1975"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781623768485","url_text":"9781623768485"}]},{"reference":"Hiden, John; Vahur Made; David J. Smith (2008). The Baltic question during the Cold War. Routledge. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-415-37100-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-37100-1","url_text":"978-0-415-37100-1"}]},{"reference":"McHugh, James T.; James S. Pacy (2001). Diplomats without a country: Baltic diplomacy, international law, and the Cold War. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-313-31878-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31878-8","url_text":"978-0-313-31878-8"}]},{"reference":"Wyszyński, Andrzej (1949). Teoria dowodów sądowych w prawie radzieckim (PDF). Biblioteka Zrzeszenia Prawników Demokratów. pp. 153, 162.","urls":[{"url":"https://echelon.pl/files/echelon/Wyszy%C5%84ski%20-%20Teoria%20dowod%C3%B3w%20s%C4%85dowych%20(OCR).pdf","url_text":"Teoria dowodów sądowych w prawie radzieckim"}]},{"reference":"Thomas, Daniel C. (2005). \"Human Rights Ideas, the Demise of Communism, and the End of the Cold War\". Journal of Cold War Studies. 7 (2): 110–141. doi:10.1162/1520397053630600. S2CID 57570614.","urls":[{"url":"http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/cws/summary/v007/7.2thomas.html","url_text":"\"Human Rights Ideas, the Demise of Communism, and the End of the Cold War\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1162%2F1520397053630600","url_text":"10.1162/1520397053630600"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57570614","url_text":"57570614"}]},{"reference":"Gaddis, John Lewis (2005). The Cold War. London: Penguin. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-141-02532-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-141-02532-2","url_text":"978-0-141-02532-2"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://www.csce.gov/sites/helsinkicommission.house.gov/files/The%20Helsinki%20Process%20Four%20Decade%20Overview.pdf","external_links_name":"https://www.csce.gov/sites/helsinkicommission.house.gov/files/The%20Helsinki%20Process%20Four%20Decade%20Overview.pdf"},{"Link":"https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/260615/Helsinki-Accords","external_links_name":"https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/260615/Helsinki-Accords"},{"Link":"https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0909/090925.html","external_links_name":"\"Helsinki pact: A three-way battle in Madrid\""},{"Link":"https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1841&context=mjil","external_links_name":"\"Jamming and the Law of International Communications\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/President_Ford%E2%80%93Henry_Kissinger_memcon_(August_15,_1974)","external_links_name":"President Ford–Henry Kissinger memcon (August 15, 1974)"},{"Link":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/President_Ford%E2%80%93Henry_Kissinger_memcon_(August_15,_1974)#5","external_links_name":"5"},{"Link":"http://www.parallelarchive.org/document/3615/viewfull","external_links_name":"President's Inquiry on CSCE / Baltic States (Case File)"},{"Link":"http://www.parallelarchive.org/document/3646/viewfull","external_links_name":"Request by Senators for a Delay of the Final Stage of Helsinki Final Act (Case File)"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/182779124","external_links_name":"182779124"},{"Link":"http://www.parallelarchive.org/document/3648/viewfull","external_links_name":"Memorandum for Henry Kissinger from A. Denis Clift, Re: Replies to Correspondence Critical of CSCE"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=SILVAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1031","external_links_name":"Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Gerald R. Ford, 1975"},{"Link":"http://www.parallelarchive.org/document/3961/viewfull","external_links_name":"President Ford's Visit to Helsinki, July 29 - August 2, 1975, CSCE Briefing Book"},{"Link":"https://echelon.pl/files/echelon/Wyszy%C5%84ski%20-%20Teoria%20dowod%C3%B3w%20s%C4%85dowych%20(OCR).pdf","external_links_name":"Teoria dowodów sądowych w prawie radzieckim"},{"Link":"http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/cws/summary/v007/7.2thomas.html","external_links_name":"\"Human Rights Ideas, the Demise of Communism, and the End of the Cold War\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1162%2F1520397053630600","external_links_name":"10.1162/1520397053630600"},{"Link":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57570614","external_links_name":"57570614"},{"Link":"https://www.csce.gov/sites/helsinkicommission.house.gov/files/Helsinki%20Final%20Act.pdf","external_links_name":"https://www.csce.gov/sites/helsinkicommission.house.gov/files/Helsinki%20Final%20Act.pdf"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160525015726/http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/osce/basics/finact75.htm","external_links_name":"Full text of the Final Act, 1975 Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe"},{"Link":"http://www.csce.gov/","external_links_name":"United States Helsinki Commission"},{"Link":"https://www.csce.gov/sites/helsinkicommission.house.gov/files/Helsinki%20Final%20Act%20-%20Long%20Version.pdf","external_links_name":"Scan of the original copy with signatures"},{"Link":"https://areena.yle.fi/1-50134204","external_links_name":"Signing of the Final Act on August 1st 1975"},{"Link":"http://www.osce.org/secretariat/16727?download=true","external_links_name":"OSCE Magazine October 2005: Special anniversary issue: 30 years of the Helsinki Final Act, 1975-2005"},{"Link":"http://www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-protest/helsinki_2716.jsp","external_links_name":"The Helsinki process and the death of communism"},{"Link":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/552575","external_links_name":"Interview with Henry Kissinger discusses Helsinki Accords during Soviet Repression in Poland"},{"Link":"https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552494","external_links_name":"Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives"},{"Link":"http://cscehistory.wordpress.com/","external_links_name":"The Helsinki Final Act: Resources for Understanding its Creation, Implementation and Legacy"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/5114817-1","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10665385","external_links_name":"NARA"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_mark
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Soil mark
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["1 See also","2 Notes"]
|
Visible differences in soil as a result of buried archaeological features
Soil marks are differences in soil colour as a result of archaeological features. They can be seen when a ploughed-out earthwork has left hard dry material of a former bank and damper wetter material from a former ditch. They can also occur when a feature has cut through the top soil to reveal underlying chalk.
Soil marks are traces of archaeological features, which are visible in ploughed or harrowed fields, usually where there are restricted periods before the crops grow.
The most obvious and occurring trace of soil marks is the color difference to the rest of soil. Depending on the area in the aspect of geology the soil marks can show up as brown against white background or vice versa with even darker against lighter tones. The color of the soil is very important in determining whether or not organic or burnt deposits happened over the soil that would produce a black or red color soil. This allows archaeologists to understand the concept of the artefacts found in the region of the soil mark and can see whether or not fire was used.
Archaeology that involves plough-damaged field systems, burial mounds, Roman villas or former sites usually produce soil marks. The soil marks gives the archaeologists an idea of where the structures were built or where the soil was damaged and for what reason. An example was given that this might be a dried-up river channel (known as a palaeochannel), which may subsequently reveal rich waterlogged archaeological deposits in its lower layers, or an area of slightly higher ground above winter flood level on an alluvial floodplain, which may be very hard to detect from the ground but which has attracted settlement for thousands of years.
See also
Crop mark
Notes
^ Mick Aston, Interpreting the Landscape (Tempus, 2002)
^ "Soil Marks". Retrieved 3 April 2014.
This article relating to archaeology is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"features","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_(archaeology)"},{"link_name":"earthwork","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworks_(archaeology)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"burial mounds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial_mounds"},{"link_name":"Roman villas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_villa"},{"link_name":"palaeochannel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaeochannel"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Soil marks are differences in soil colour as a result of archaeological features. They can be seen when a ploughed-out earthwork has left hard dry material of a former bank and damper wetter material from a former ditch.[1] They can also occur when a feature has cut through the top soil to reveal underlying chalk.Soil marks are traces of archaeological features, which are visible in ploughed or harrowed fields, usually where there are restricted periods before the crops grow.The most obvious and occurring trace of soil marks is the color difference to the rest of soil. Depending on the area in the aspect of geology the soil marks can show up as brown against white background or vice versa with even darker against lighter tones. The color of the soil is very important in determining whether or not organic or burnt deposits happened over the soil that would produce a black or red color soil. This allows archaeologists to understand the concept of the artefacts found in the region of the soil mark and can see whether or not fire was used.Archaeology that involves plough-damaged field systems, burial mounds, Roman villas or former sites usually produce soil marks. The soil marks gives the archaeologists an idea of where the structures were built or where the soil was damaged and for what reason. An example was given that this might be a dried-up river channel (known as a palaeochannel), which may subsequently reveal rich waterlogged archaeological deposits in its lower layers, or an area of slightly higher ground above winter flood level on an alluvial floodplain, which may be very hard to detect from the ground but which has attracted settlement for thousands of years.[2]","title":"Soil mark"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"\"Soil Marks\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.archeox.net/fact-sheets/aerial-photography/soilmarks"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Venus_von_Willendorf_01.jpg"},{"link_name":"archaeology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology"},{"link_name":"stub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub"},{"link_name":"expanding it","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soil_mark&action=edit"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Archaeology-stub"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Archaeology-stub"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archaeology-stub"}],"text":"^ Mick Aston, Interpreting the Landscape (Tempus, 2002)\n\n^ \"Soil Marks\". Retrieved 3 April 2014.This article relating to archaeology is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte","title":"Notes"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"Crop mark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cropmark"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Soil Marks\". Retrieved 3 April 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.archeox.net/fact-sheets/aerial-photography/soilmarks","url_text":"\"Soil Marks\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.archeox.net/fact-sheets/aerial-photography/soilmarks","external_links_name":"\"Soil Marks\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soil_mark&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_(Amtrak_1976)
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Colonial (Amtrak train)
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["1 History","1.1 Previous service","1.2 Service changes","1.3 Later service","2 References","3 External links"]
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This article is about the Amtrak service operated from 1976 to 1992. For the service operated until 1973, see Colonial (PRR train).
ColonialThe Colonial at Williamsburg in July 1978OverviewService typeInter-city railStatusMerged into Northeast RegionalLocaleVirginiaFirst serviceJune 15, 1976Last serviceOctober 24, 1992Former operator(s)AmtrakRouteTerminiBoston South StationNewport NewsStops24Distance travelled643 miles (1,035 km)Average journey time12 hours and 30 minutesService frequencyDailyTechnicalRolling stockAmfleetTrack gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)Route map
Legend
Dist.
Station
0 mi0 km
Boston South
1.2 mi1.9 km
Boston Back Bay
11.4 mi18.3 km
Route 128
MassachusettsRhode Island
43.6 mi70.2 km
Providence
70 mi113 km
Kingston
Rhode IslandConnecticut
105 mi169 km
New London
123 mi198 km
Old Saybrook
156 mi251 km
New Haven
173 mi278 km
Bridgeport
195 mi314 km
Stamford
ConnecticutNew York
231 mi372 km
New York City
New YorkNew Jersey
241 mi388 km
Newark Penn
255 mi410 km
Metropark
289 mi465 km
Trenton
New JerseyPennsylvania
322 mi518 km
Philadelphia–30th Street
PennsylvaniaDelaware
347 mi558 km
Wilmington
DelawareMaryland
416 mi669 km
Baltimore
448 mi721 km
New Carrollton
MarylandWashington
457 mi735 km
Washington, D.C.
WashingtonVirginia
465 mi748 km
Alexandria
491 mi790 km
Quantico
511 mi822 km
Fredericksburg
555 mi893 km
Ashland
566 mi911 km
Richmond Staples Mill Road
621 mi999 km
Williamsburg
631 mi1015 km
Lee Hall
644 mi1036 km
Newport News
This diagram: viewtalkedit
The Colonial was an Amtrak intercity passenger train that operated between Boston, Massachusetts, and Newport News, Virginia, from 1976 to 1992. It was introduced on June 15, 1976, to replace the lightly-used Charlottesville-Newport News section of the James Whitcomb Riley. Certain trips were known as the Senator and Tidewater beginning in the late 1970s. The Richmond-New York City Virginian was added in 1984, with some trips called Potomac from 1985 to 1988.
The Colonial was renamed Old Dominion on October 24, 1992, as part of a series of service changes. Several name changes of Virginia service over the next three years created the Chesapeake, Gotham Limited, James River, New England Express, Tidewater Express, and Manhattan Express, and added a second Richmond trip. Virginia service was merged into the NortheastDirect brand in 1995. A second daily round trip was added as the Twilight Shoreliner in 1997. After subsequent service changes, Amtrak service to Newport News continues as part of the Northeast Regional brand.
History
Previous service
The George Washington at Newport News in 1968
By the time Amtrak took over intercity passenger service in the United States on May 1, 1971, the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) served Newport News with three daily round trips: the Charlottesville–Newport News sections of the George Washington and Fast Flying Virginian / Sportsman, plus a Newport News–Richmond trip. Amtrak kept only one daily round trip to Newport News — a section of the Washington–Cincinnati George Washington. The George Washington was combined with the James Whitcomb Riley on July 12, 1971, to provide through service to Chicago.: 38
The Newport News section was lightly used — usually not filling a single coach—and passengers between the Tidewater region and the Northeast had to transfer at Charlottesville.: 40 The March 25, 1975 introduction of the Chicago–Norfolk Mountaineer satisfied a federal mandate for Amtrak to provide service between Cincinnati and the Tidewater.: 40 Following studies that indicated a market for direct service between the Tidewater and the Northeast, Amtrak replaced the Riley section with the New York City–Newport News Colonial on June 15, 1976.: 41 The Colonial served as an extension of the southbound Mount Vernon (which was already called Colonial on Saturdays) and the northbound Betsy Ross. It used new Amfleet coaches, unlike the aging ex-C&O passenger cars used on the Riley.: 50
Service changes
The Tidewater at Newport News in 1978
Initially, the Colonial ran between Newport News and New York City, except for the Saturday southbound train which originated in Boston. On February 15, 1977, all Colonial service was extended to Boston. Northbound Sunday service changed on May 1, 1977: the Colonial began to originate at Richmond, while the several-hours-later Senator originated at Newport News. A stop at Lee Hall was added on October 30, 1977. Beginning on July 30, 1978, northbound Sunday service became the Newport News-New York City Tidewater, and the Senator returned to its previous schedule. On January 4, 1987, the northbound Colonial collided with Conrail locomotives in Maryland, killing fourteen passengers and two Amtrak employees.
By the early 1980s, Richmond was served by the Colonial/Tidewater plus three long-distance trains—the Palmetto, Silver Meteor, and Silver Star. Because the long-distance trains frequently ran late, only the Colonial/Tidewater provided reliable northbound service from Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Quantico. On October 28, 1984, Amtrak added the daily Richmond–New York Virginian, which was timed to allow commuting to Washington. On April 28, 1985, the northbound Sunday Virginian was moved two hours later as the Potomac. The Potomac was discontinued on September 15, 1988; the Colonial began running from Richmond to Boston on Sundays, with the Tidewater continuing to provide Sunday northbound service from Newport News. The April 1990 extension of one Atlantic City Express train to Richmond and the April 1991 separation of the New York–Charlotte Carolinian from the Palmetto increased Washington-Richmond service to seven daily round trips.
Later service
A Regional at Williamsburg in 2008
Amtrak made a series of changes to corridor service in Virginia beginning on 1992. On October 25, 1992, both the Virginian and Colonial were cut back from Boston to New York City, and the latter was renamed Old Dominion. A Friday Tidewater round trip was also added. May 2, 1993 saw the additional of Tidewater round trips on Thursday and Saturday southbound / Sunday northbound, plus a southbound-only Sunday trip from Richmond to Newport News. A station stop was added at Williamsburg Pottery Factory. Service levels of the added weekend round trips were adjusted the next February. The southbound weekend Virginian became the Chesapeake on May 1, 1994, with the northbound weekend Old Dominion in turn renamed Virginian. On October 30, 1994, the Sunday Richmond–Newport News trip and a late Friday Newport News-Richmond move (a former deadhead move) were called the James River.
Amtrak began showing Virginia services as part of Northeast Corridor timetables on April 2, 1995. The Old Dominion and Virginian were renamed New England Express and the Lee Hall stop was dropped. A daily Richmond–New York City round trip — the southbound Chesapeake made daily and a new northbound Old Dominion — was added to replace the discontinued Amtrak City Express. On September 10, 1995, the northbound New England Express was renamed Tidewater Express (except for a single Sunday trip from Springfield, which became the Old Dominion), and the northbound Old Dominion was replaced with the Manhattan Express. On October 28, 1995, most of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor services (except for the premium Metroliners and commuter-based Clockers), including the Richmond and Newport News trains, were rebranded as NortheastDirect and lost their individual names.
Train names were re-added under the NortheastDirect brand the next year. The daily Newport News train became the Old Dominion, with Tidewater, Virginian, James River, and Potomac assigned to other trips. The daily Richmond trains became the Virginian and the Bay State, the latter of which ran to Boston via Springfield and the Inland Route. The Williamsburg Pottery Factory stop was also discontinued in 1996. On July 10, 1997, the Washington–Boston Night Owl was replaced by the Newport News–Boston Twilight Shoreliner, providing a second daily round trip to Newport News. The Bay State was cut back to Washington and replaced by the Springfield–Richmond Charter Oak, and the Potomac was renamed Gotham Limited. On October 26, 1997, the Chesapeake was cut to New York and renamed Colonial. NortheastDirect trains except for the Twilight Shoreliner again lost their individual names on May 16, 1999. The NortheastDirect brand — including the Virginia trains — was renamed Acela Regional in 2000–2001, Regional in 2003, and finally Northeast Regional in 2008. Virginia began funding further expansion of Northeast Regional service in 2009.
References
^ The C&O/B&O Railroads Passenger Timetable effective June 10, 1967. Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. June 10, 1967 – via Wikimedia Commons.
^ a b c d e Sanders, Craig (2006). Amtrak in the Heartland. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34705-3.
^ a b c Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. June 15, 1976. pp. 19, 27 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. April 25, 1976. pp. 19, 27 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. February 15, 1977. p. 25 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. May 1, 1977. pp. 38–39 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ "New Fall Schedule Changes Include Shortened Travel Times". Amtrak News. Vol. 4, no. 20. Amtrak. November 1, 1977. p. 2.
^ National Train Timetables. Amtrak. July 30, 1978. p. 25 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ "Railroad Accident Report: Rear-end Collision of Amtrak Passenger Train 94, The Colonial and Consolidated Rail Corporation Freight Train ENS-121, on the Northeast Corridor, Chase, Maryland, January 4, 1987" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. January 25, 1988.
^ Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. April 29, 1984. p. 28 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ "Inaugural Run of the Virginian". Amtrak Archives. Amtrak. April 14, 2011.
^ Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. October 28, 1984. p. 29 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. April 28, 1985. p. 31 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. September 15, 1988. p. 39 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ "Change to cut Carolinian's run by 40 minutes". The Charlotte Observer. March 15, 1991.
^ Amtrak System Train Timetables. Amtrak. April 7, 1991. pp. 40–41 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Fall/Winter 1992/1993. Amtrak. October 25, 1992. pp. 36–37 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Spring/Summer 1993. Amtrak. May 2, 1993. pp. 36–37 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak Northeast Timetable Revised Edition: Fall/Winter 1993/1994. Amtrak. February 14, 1994. pp. 36–37 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Spring/Summer 1994. Amtrak. May 1, 1994. pp. 36–37 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Fall/Winter 1994/1995. Amtrak. October 30, 1994. pp. 36–37 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Spring/Summer 1995. Amtrak. April 2, 1995. pp. 4–18 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak Northeast Timetables: Fall/Winter 1995/1996. Amtrak. September 10, 1995. pp. 10–23 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Winter 1996. Amtrak. January 1996. pp. 4–17 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ a b c d "A Closer Look: Patriotic Train Names". Amtrak History Blog. Amtrak. June 30, 2014.
^ Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Fall/Winter 1996/97. Amtrak. November 14, 1996. pp. 4–17 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Spring/Summer 1996. Amtrak. April 14, 1996. pp. 4–17 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak Northeast Timetable (Revised Edition): Summer 1997. Amtrak. July 10, 1997. pp. 4–18 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Fall/Winter 1997-98. Amtrak. October 26, 1997. pp. 8, 14 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Spring/Summer 1999. Amtrak. May 16, 1999. pp. 4–18 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.
^ "Chapter 3: The Virginia Rail System". Virginia Statewide Rail Plan (PDF). Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation. November 2013. pp. 3–20.
External links
Media related to Colonial (Amtrak train) at Wikimedia Commons
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|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Colonial (PRR train)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_(PRR_train)"},{"link_name":"Amtrak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amtrak"},{"link_name":"intercity passenger train","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercity_rail"},{"link_name":"Boston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston"},{"link_name":"Newport News, Virginia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia"},{"link_name":"Charlottesville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia"},{"link_name":"James Whitcomb Riley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Whitcomb_Riley_(train)"},{"link_name":"Richmond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia"},{"link_name":"Twilight Shoreliner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twilight_Shoreliner"},{"link_name":"Northeast Regional","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Regional"}],"text":"This article is about the Amtrak service operated from 1976 to 1992. For the service operated until 1973, see Colonial (PRR train).The Colonial was an Amtrak intercity passenger train that operated between Boston, Massachusetts, and Newport News, Virginia, from 1976 to 1992. It was introduced on June 15, 1976, to replace the lightly-used Charlottesville-Newport News section of the James Whitcomb Riley. Certain trips were known as the Senator and Tidewater beginning in the late 1970s. The Richmond-New York City Virginian was added in 1984, with some trips called Potomac from 1985 to 1988.The Colonial was renamed Old Dominion on October 24, 1992, as part of a series of service changes. Several name changes of Virginia service over the next three years created the Chesapeake, Gotham Limited, James River, New England Express, Tidewater Express, and Manhattan Express, and added a second Richmond trip. Virginia service was merged into the NortheastDirect brand in 1995. A second daily round trip was added as the Twilight Shoreliner in 1997. After subsequent service changes, Amtrak service to Newport News continues as part of the Northeast Regional brand.","title":"Colonial (Amtrak train)"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:C%26O_George_Washington_at_Newport_News,_October_1968_(25367313366).jpg"},{"link_name":"Amtrak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amtrak"},{"link_name":"Chesapeake and Ohio Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Railway"},{"link_name":"Charlottesville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia"},{"link_name":"George Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_(train)"},{"link_name":"Fast Flying Virginian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Flying_Virginian"},{"link_name":"Sportsman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportsman_(train)"},{"link_name":"Richmond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Cincinnati","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio"},{"link_name":"James Whitcomb Riley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Whitcomb_Riley_(train)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sanders-2"},{"link_name":"Tidewater region","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_region"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sanders-2"},{"link_name":"Norfolk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia"},{"link_name":"Mountaineer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaineer_(train)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sanders-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sanders-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-june1976-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Amfleet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfleet"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-june1976-3"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sanders-2"}],"sub_title":"Previous service","text":"The George Washington at Newport News in 1968By the time Amtrak took over intercity passenger service in the United States on May 1, 1971, the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) served Newport News with three daily round trips: the Charlottesville–Newport News sections of the George Washington and Fast Flying Virginian / Sportsman, plus a Newport News–Richmond trip.[1] Amtrak kept only one daily round trip to Newport News — a section of the Washington–Cincinnati George Washington. The George Washington was combined with the James Whitcomb Riley on July 12, 1971, to provide through service to Chicago.[2]: 38The Newport News section was lightly used — usually not filling a single coach—and passengers between the Tidewater region and the Northeast had to transfer at Charlottesville.[2]: 40 The March 25, 1975 introduction of the Chicago–Norfolk Mountaineer satisfied a federal mandate for Amtrak to provide service between Cincinnati and the Tidewater.[2]: 40 Following studies that indicated a market for direct service between the Tidewater and the Northeast, Amtrak replaced the Riley section with the New York City–Newport News Colonial on June 15, 1976.[2]: 41 The Colonial served as an extension of the southbound Mount Vernon (which was already called Colonial on Saturdays) and the northbound Betsy Ross.[3][4] It used new Amfleet coaches, unlike the aging ex-C&O passenger cars used on the Riley.[3][2]: 50","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amtrak_Tidewater_at_Newport_News,_December_1978.jpg"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-june1976-3"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Senator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senator_(train)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Lee Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Hall_Depot"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"collided with Conrail locomotives in Maryland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Maryland_train_collision"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Palmetto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmetto_(train)"},{"link_name":"Silver Meteor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_Meteor"},{"link_name":"Silver Star","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_Star_(Amtrak_train)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Atlantic City Express","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_City_Express_(Amtrak_train)"},{"link_name":"Charlotte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina"},{"link_name":"Carolinian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolinian_(train)"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"sub_title":"Service changes","text":"The Tidewater at Newport News in 1978Initially, the Colonial ran between Newport News and New York City, except for the Saturday southbound train which originated in Boston.[3] On February 15, 1977, all Colonial service was extended to Boston.[5] Northbound Sunday service changed on May 1, 1977: the Colonial began to originate at Richmond, while the several-hours-later Senator originated at Newport News.[6] A stop at Lee Hall was added on October 30, 1977.[7] Beginning on July 30, 1978, northbound Sunday service became the Newport News-New York City Tidewater, and the Senator returned to its previous schedule.[8] On January 4, 1987, the northbound Colonial collided with Conrail locomotives in Maryland, killing fourteen passengers and two Amtrak employees.[9]By the early 1980s, Richmond was served by the Colonial/Tidewater plus three long-distance trains—the Palmetto, Silver Meteor, and Silver Star.[10] Because the long-distance trains frequently ran late, only the Colonial/Tidewater provided reliable northbound service from Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Quantico. On October 28, 1984, Amtrak added the daily Richmond–New York Virginian, which was timed to allow commuting to Washington.[11][12] On April 28, 1985, the northbound Sunday Virginian was moved two hours later as the Potomac.[13] The Potomac was discontinued on September 15, 1988; the Colonial began running from Richmond to Boston on Sundays, with the Tidewater continuing to provide Sunday northbound service from Newport News.[14] The April 1990 extension of one Atlantic City Express train to Richmond and the April 1991 separation of the New York–Charlotte Carolinian from the Palmetto increased Washington-Richmond service to seven daily round trips.[15][16]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Northeast_Corridor_Amtrak_66_boarding_trackside_at_Williamsburg_Transportation_Center_2-03-2008.jpg"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Williamsburg Pottery Factory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamsburg_Pottery_Factory"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"deadhead move","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_mileage"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Northeast Corridor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Corridor"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Northeast Corridor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Corridor"},{"link_name":"Metroliners","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metroliner_(train)"},{"link_name":"Clockers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clocker_(train)"},{"link_name":"NortheastDirect","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NortheastDirect"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-closerlook-25"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-closerlook-25"},{"link_name":"Bay State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_State_(Amtrak_train)"},{"link_name":"Springfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"Night Owl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_Owl_(train)"},{"link_name":"Twilight Shoreliner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twilight_Shoreliner"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-closerlook-25"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-closerlook-25"},{"link_name":"further expansion of Northeast Regional service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Regional#Virginia_service"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"}],"sub_title":"Later service","text":"A Regional at Williamsburg in 2008Amtrak made a series of changes to corridor service in Virginia beginning on 1992. On October 25, 1992, both the Virginian and Colonial were cut back from Boston to New York City, and the latter was renamed Old Dominion. A Friday Tidewater round trip was also added.[17] May 2, 1993 saw the additional of Tidewater round trips on Thursday and Saturday southbound / Sunday northbound, plus a southbound-only Sunday trip from Richmond to Newport News. A station stop was added at Williamsburg Pottery Factory.[18] Service levels of the added weekend round trips were adjusted the next February.[19] The southbound weekend Virginian became the Chesapeake on May 1, 1994, with the northbound weekend Old Dominion in turn renamed Virginian.[20] On October 30, 1994, the Sunday Richmond–Newport News trip and a late Friday Newport News-Richmond move (a former deadhead move) were called the James River.[21]Amtrak began showing Virginia services as part of Northeast Corridor timetables on April 2, 1995. The Old Dominion and Virginian were renamed New England Express and the Lee Hall stop was dropped. A daily Richmond–New York City round trip — the southbound Chesapeake made daily and a new northbound Old Dominion — was added to replace the discontinued Amtrak City Express.[22] On September 10, 1995, the northbound New England Express was renamed Tidewater Express (except for a single Sunday trip from Springfield, which became the Old Dominion), and the northbound Old Dominion was replaced with the Manhattan Express.[23] On October 28, 1995, most of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor services (except for the premium Metroliners and commuter-based Clockers), including the Richmond and Newport News trains, were rebranded as NortheastDirect and lost their individual names.[24][25]Train names were re-added under the NortheastDirect brand the next year.[25] The daily Newport News train became the Old Dominion, with Tidewater, Virginian, James River, and Potomac assigned to other trips. The daily Richmond trains became the Virginian and the Bay State, the latter of which ran to Boston via Springfield and the Inland Route.[26] The Williamsburg Pottery Factory stop was also discontinued in 1996.[27] On July 10, 1997, the Washington–Boston Night Owl was replaced by the Newport News–Boston Twilight Shoreliner, providing a second daily round trip to Newport News. The Bay State was cut back to Washington and replaced by the Springfield–Richmond Charter Oak, and the Potomac was renamed Gotham Limited.[28] On October 26, 1997, the Chesapeake was cut to New York and renamed Colonial.[29] NortheastDirect trains except for the Twilight Shoreliner again lost their individual names on May 16, 1999.[25][30] The NortheastDirect brand — including the Virginia trains — was renamed Acela Regional in 2000–2001, Regional in 2003, and finally Northeast Regional in 2008.[25] Virginia began funding further expansion of Northeast Regional service in 2009.[31]","title":"History"}]
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[{"image_text":"The George Washington at Newport News in 1968","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/C%26O_George_Washington_at_Newport_News%2C_October_1968_%2825367313366%29.jpg/220px-C%26O_George_Washington_at_Newport_News%2C_October_1968_%2825367313366%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"The Tidewater at Newport News in 1978","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Amtrak_Tidewater_at_Newport_News%2C_December_1978.jpg/220px-Amtrak_Tidewater_at_Newport_News%2C_December_1978.jpg"},{"image_text":"A Regional at Williamsburg in 2008","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Northeast_Corridor_Amtrak_66_boarding_trackside_at_Williamsburg_Transportation_Center_2-03-2008.jpg/220px-Northeast_Corridor_Amtrak_66_boarding_trackside_at_Williamsburg_Transportation_Center_2-03-2008.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"The C&O/B&O Railroads Passenger Timetable effective June 10, 1967. Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. June 10, 1967 – via Wikimedia Commons.","urls":[{"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:B%26O_and_C%26O_1967_timetable.pdf","url_text":"The C&O/B&O Railroads Passenger Timetable effective June 10, 1967"}]},{"reference":"Sanders, Craig (2006). Amtrak in the Heartland. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34705-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_University_Press","url_text":"Indiana University Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34705-3","url_text":"978-0-253-34705-3"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. June 15, 1976. pp. 19, 27 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19760615&item=0020","url_text":"Amtrak National Train Timetables"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. April 25, 1976. pp. 19, 27 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19760425&item=0020","url_text":"Amtrak National Train Timetables"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. February 15, 1977. p. 25 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19770215&item=0025","url_text":"Amtrak National Train Timetables"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. May 1, 1977. pp. 38–39 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19770501&item=0039","url_text":"Amtrak National Train Timetables"}]},{"reference":"\"New Fall Schedule Changes Include Shortened Travel Times\". Amtrak News. Vol. 4, no. 20. Amtrak. November 1, 1977. p. 2.","urls":[{"url":"https://history.amtrak.com/archives/i-amtrak-news-i-nov.-1-1977","url_text":"\"New Fall Schedule Changes Include Shortened Travel Times\""}]},{"reference":"National Train Timetables. Amtrak. July 30, 1978. p. 25 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19780730&item=0026","url_text":"National Train Timetables"}]},{"reference":"\"Railroad Accident Report: Rear-end Collision of Amtrak Passenger Train 94, The Colonial and Consolidated Rail Corporation Freight Train ENS-121, on the Northeast Corridor, Chase, Maryland, January 4, 1987\" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. January 25, 1988.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/RAR8801.pdf","url_text":"\"Railroad Accident Report: Rear-end Collision of Amtrak Passenger Train 94, The Colonial and Consolidated Rail Corporation Freight Train ENS-121, on the Northeast Corridor, Chase, Maryland, January 4, 1987\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board","url_text":"National Transportation Safety Board"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. April 29, 1984. p. 28 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19840429&item=0029","url_text":"Amtrak National Train Timetables"}]},{"reference":"\"Inaugural Run of the Virginian\". Amtrak Archives. Amtrak. April 14, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://history.amtrak.com/archives/first-day-on-the-virginian-route","url_text":"\"Inaugural Run of the Virginian\""}]},{"reference":"Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. October 28, 1984. p. 29 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19841028&item=0030","url_text":"Amtrak National Train Timetables"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. April 28, 1985. p. 31 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19850428&item=0032","url_text":"Amtrak National Train Timetables"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak National Train Timetables. Amtrak. September 15, 1988. p. 39 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19880918&item=0039","url_text":"Amtrak National Train Timetables"}]},{"reference":"\"Change to cut Carolinian's run by 40 minutes\". The Charlotte Observer. March 15, 1991.","urls":[{"url":"http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CO&s_site=charlotte&p_action=search&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F2445631B1C0447&p_field_direct-0=document_id","url_text":"\"Change to cut Carolinian's run by 40 minutes\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Charlotte_Observer","url_text":"The Charlotte Observer"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak System Train Timetables. Amtrak. April 7, 1991. pp. 40–41 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19910407&item=0040","url_text":"Amtrak System Train Timetables"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Fall/Winter 1992/1993. Amtrak. October 25, 1992. pp. 36–37 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19921025ne&item=0036","url_text":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Fall/Winter 1992/1993"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Spring/Summer 1993. Amtrak. May 2, 1993. pp. 36–37 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19930502ne&item=0036","url_text":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Spring/Summer 1993"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable Revised Edition: Fall/Winter 1993/1994. Amtrak. February 14, 1994. pp. 36–37 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19931031ner&item=0036","url_text":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable Revised Edition: Fall/Winter 1993/1994"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Spring/Summer 1994. Amtrak. May 1, 1994. pp. 36–37 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19940501ne&item=0036","url_text":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Spring/Summer 1994"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Fall/Winter 1994/1995. Amtrak. October 30, 1994. pp. 36–37 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19941030ne&item=0036","url_text":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Fall/Winter 1994/1995"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Spring/Summer 1995. Amtrak. April 2, 1995. pp. 4–18 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19950402ne&item=0004","url_text":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Spring/Summer 1995"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak Northeast Timetables: Fall/Winter 1995/1996. Amtrak. September 10, 1995. pp. 10–23 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19950910ne&item=0010","url_text":"Amtrak Northeast Timetables: Fall/Winter 1995/1996"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Winter 1996. Amtrak. January 1996. pp. 4–17 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19950910ner&item=0004","url_text":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Winter 1996"}]},{"reference":"\"A Closer Look: Patriotic Train Names\". Amtrak History Blog. Amtrak. June 30, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://history.amtrak.com/blogs/blog/a-closer-look-patriotic-train-names","url_text":"\"A Closer Look: Patriotic Train Names\""}]},{"reference":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Fall/Winter 1996/97. Amtrak. November 14, 1996. pp. 4–17 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19961110ne&item=0004","url_text":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Fall/Winter 1996/97"}]},{"reference":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Spring/Summer 1996. Amtrak. 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May 16, 1999. pp. 4–18 – via Museum of Railway Timetables.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19990516ne&item=0004","url_text":"Amtrak Northeast Timetable: Spring/Summer 1999"}]},{"reference":"\"Chapter 3: The Virginia Rail System\". Virginia Statewide Rail Plan (PDF). Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation. November 2013. pp. 3–20.","urls":[{"url":"http://drpt.virginia.gov/media/1135/vsrp-2013.pdf","url_text":"Virginia Statewide Rail Plan"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Jackson_(1950s_first_baseman)
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Ron Jackson (1950s first baseman)
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["1 Transactions","2 References","3 External links"]
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American baseball player
For the first baseman and hitting coach, see Ron Jackson (baseball, born 1953).
Baseball player
Ron JacksonFirst basemanBorn: (1933-10-22)October 22, 1933Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S.Died: July 6, 2008(2008-07-06) (aged 74)Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S.Batted: RightThrew: RightMLB debutJune 15, 1954, for the Chicago White SoxLast MLB appearanceMay 15, 1960, for the Boston Red SoxMLB statisticsBatting average.245Home runs17Runs batted in52
Teams
Chicago White Sox (1954–1959)
Boston Red Sox (1960)
Ronald Harris Jackson (October 22, 1933 – July 6, 2008) was an American professional baseball player and backup first baseman in Major League Baseball who appeared in 196 games over all or part of seven years (1954–1960) for the Chicago White Sox and Boston Red Sox. Listed as 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m) tall and 225 pounds (102 kg), he batted and threw right-handed. The native of Kalamazoo, Michigan, was an alumnus of Western Michigan University.
On June 15, 1954, amateur free agent Jackson signed a bonus contract with the White Sox that compelled him to remain on the major-league roster for two full seasons. He appeared in 80 total games in 1954–1955, 45 of them as the starting first baseman, and hit six home runs. But he batted only a cumulative .214, and in 1956, his first year of eligibility to play in the minor leagues, he got into 82 games for the top-level Vancouver Mounties and hit .304. Then, the following season, he was selected the All-Star first baseman of the Triple-A American Association on the strength of his solid offensive season. He had short stints—22 and 13 games—with the ChiSox during 1956 and 1957.
Jackson saw his most sustained MLB action in 1958. Remaining on the White Sox' roster all year, he appeared in 61 games and started 35 at first base, but he batted only .233 with seven home runs. Then, in 1959, he got into only ten games for the eventual American League champions, and spent most of the year at Triple-A. After leading the American Association in home runs (30) and runs batted in (99), he attracted the attention of the second-division Red Sox, who were seeking right-handed power to take advantage of Fenway Park's cozy left field dimensions.
But, in 1960, playing behind left-handed-swinging veteran Vic Wertz, Jackson appeared in only ten early-season games, with two extra-base hits, both doubles. At the cutdown date, May 17, Boston traded him to the Milwaukee Braves for veteran Ray Boone, who had been part of the first-base platoon in Chicago in 1958. The Braves assigned Jackson to the American Association, and he never again played in the majors, retiring after the 1961 campaign.
In his seven-season MLB career, Jackson was a .245 hitter (116–for–474) with 17 home runs and 52 RBI, including 54 runs, 18 doubles, one triple, and six stolen bases.
In 148 games at first base, he recorded 1,054 outs and 56 assists while committing nine errors for a .992 fielding percentage.
Ron Jackson owned and operated his own insurance company in Kalamazoo after retiring from baseball. He died at age 74 in his native city on July 6, 2008.
Transactions
1954, Signed by the Chicago White Sox out of the Western Michigan University (bonus baby).
1959, Traded by Chicago to the Boston Red Sox in exchange for Frank Baumann.
1960, Traded by Boston to the Milwaukee Braves in exchange for Ray Boone (Jackson did not play for them).
References
^ Nowlin, Bill, Ron Jackson, Society for American Baseball Research Biography Project
External links
Career statistics and player information from MLB, or Baseball Reference, or Retrosheet
Newell, Del (July 9, 2008). "Remembering Ron Jackson: K-Central, WMU Hall of Famer played first base for White Sox". mlive.com. Kalamazoo Gazette. Retrieved July 10, 2008.
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Listed as 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m) tall and 225 pounds (102 kg), he batted and threw right-handed. The native of Kalamazoo, Michigan, was an alumnus of Western Michigan University.On June 15, 1954, amateur free agent Jackson signed a bonus contract with the White Sox that compelled him to remain on the major-league roster for two full seasons. He appeared in 80 total games in 1954–1955, 45 of them as the starting first baseman, and hit six home runs. But he batted only a cumulative .214, and in 1956, his first year of eligibility to play in the minor leagues, he got into 82 games for the top-level Vancouver Mounties and hit .304. Then, the following season, he was selected the All-Star first baseman of the Triple-A American Association on the strength of his solid offensive season. He had short stints—22 and 13 games—with the ChiSox during 1956 and 1957.Jackson saw his most sustained MLB action in 1958. Remaining on the White Sox' roster all year, he appeared in 61 games and started 35 at first base, but he batted only .233 with seven home runs. Then, in 1959, he got into only ten games for the eventual American League champions, and spent most of the year at Triple-A. After leading the American Association in home runs (30) and runs batted in (99), he attracted the attention of the second-division Red Sox, who were seeking right-handed power to take advantage of Fenway Park's cozy left field dimensions.[1]But, in 1960, playing behind left-handed-swinging veteran Vic Wertz, Jackson appeared in only ten early-season games, with two extra-base hits, both doubles. At the cutdown date, May 17, Boston traded him to the Milwaukee Braves for veteran Ray Boone, who had been part of the first-base platoon in Chicago in 1958. The Braves assigned Jackson to the American Association, and he never again played in the majors, retiring after the 1961 campaign.In his seven-season MLB career, Jackson was a .245 hitter (116–for–474) with 17 home runs and 52 RBI, including 54 runs, 18 doubles, one triple, and six stolen bases.In 148 games at first base, he recorded 1,054 outs and 56 assists while committing nine errors for a .992 fielding percentage.Ron Jackson owned and operated his own insurance company in Kalamazoo after retiring from baseball. He died at age 74 in his native city on July 6, 2008.","title":"Ron Jackson (1950s first baseman)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Western Michigan University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Michigan_University"},{"link_name":"bonus baby","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonus_baby"},{"link_name":"Frank Baumann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Baumann_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Milwaukee Braves","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee_Braves_(1953%E2%80%9369)"},{"link_name":"Ray Boone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Boone"}],"text":"1954, Signed by the Chicago White Sox out of the Western Michigan University (bonus baby).\n1959, Traded by Chicago to the Boston Red Sox in exchange for Frank Baumann.\n1960, Traded by Boston to the Milwaukee Braves in exchange for Ray Boone (Jackson did not play for them).","title":"Transactions"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Newell, Del (July 9, 2008). \"Remembering Ron Jackson: K-Central, WMU Hall of Famer played first base for White Sox\". mlive.com. Kalamazoo Gazette. Retrieved July 10, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://blog.mlive.com/kzgazette/2008/07/rembering_ron_jackson_kcentral.html","url_text":"\"Remembering Ron Jackson: K-Central, WMU Hall of Famer played first base for White Sox\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalamazoo_Gazette","url_text":"Kalamazoo Gazette"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ron-jackson-2/","external_links_name":"Nowlin, Bill, Ron Jackson,"},{"Link":"https://www.mlb.com/player/116441","external_links_name":"MLB"},{"Link":"https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/j/jacksro01.shtml","external_links_name":"Baseball Reference"},{"Link":"https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/J/Pjackr101.htm","external_links_name":"Retrosheet"},{"Link":"http://blog.mlive.com/kzgazette/2008/07/rembering_ron_jackson_kcentral.html","external_links_name":"\"Remembering Ron Jackson: K-Central, WMU Hall of Famer played first base for White Sox\""}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rough_Riders_(TV_series)
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The Rough Riders (TV series)
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["1 Synopsis","2 Guest stars","3 Episodes","4 Production","5 References","6 External links"]
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For other uses, see Rough Riders (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "The Rough Riders" TV series – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
American TV series or program
The Rough RidersGenreWesternWritten by
Richard Dorso
George Fass
Gertrude Fass
Bruce Geller
Paul King
Samuel A. Peeples
Teddi Sherman
Joseph Stone
R.E. Thompson
Directed by
Franklin Adreon
Monroe P. Askins
Leon Benson
Alan Crosland Jr.
Walter Doniger
Eddie Davis
Henry S. Kesler
Otto Lang
John Rich
Starring
Kent Taylor
Jan Merlin
Peter Whitney
Theme music composerCliff RadfordCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons1No. of episodes39ProductionProducerVernon E. ClarkCinematography
Monroe P. Askins
Jacques R. Marquette
Editors
Tony Martinelli
Thomas Scott
Joseph Silver
Running time30 mins.Production companyZiv Television ProgramsOriginal releaseNetworkABCReleaseOctober 2, 1958 (1958-10-02) –September 24, 1959 (1959-09-24)
The Rough Riders is an American Western television series set in the West after the American Civil War. It aired on ABC for the 1958-1959 television season. It was produced by Ziv Television.
Synopsis
The program is about three ex-soldiers, two at one time fighting for the Union side and one for the Confederate, who traveled together across the West, fighting trouble and bad guys. The series starred Kent Taylor as ex-Union Captain Jim Flagg, Jan Merlin as former Confederate Lieutenant Colin Kirby, and Peter Whitney as former Union Sergeant Buck Sinclair.
Prior to his starring role in The Rough Riders, Kent Taylor previously starred in still another Ziv Television-produced series, Boston Blackie, which aired for two seasons in syndication from 1951–53.
Guest stars
Among series guest stars were John Anderson, Lon Chaney Jr., James Coburn, Mike Connors, William Conrad, Russ Conway, Walter Coy, Mimi Gibson, Ed Hinton, Jack Hogan, DeForest Kelley, Douglas Kennedy, George Macready, Tyler McVey, Joyce Meadows, Leonard Nimoy, Broderick Crawford, Judson Pratt, Stuart Randall, Karen Sharpe, Dan Sheridan, Carol Thurston, Gary Vinson, Barbara Woodell and Larry Pennell.
Episodes
No.TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date1"The Murderous Sutton Gang"Eddie DavisBret HillOctober 2, 1958 (1958-10-02)
2"Breakout"UnknownUnknownOctober 9, 1958 (1958-10-09)
3"The Maccabites"UnknownUnknownOctober 16, 1958 (1958-10-16)
4"The Duelists"UnknownUnknownOctober 23, 1958 (1958-10-23)
5"The Imposters"UnknownUnknownOctober 30, 1958 (1958-10-30)
6"The Governor"Monroe AskinsFrederic Louis FoxNovember 6, 1958 (1958-11-06)
7"Blood Feud"David FriedkinBret HillNovember 13, 1958 (1958-11-13)
8"The Nightbinders"UnknownUnknownNovember 20, 1958 (1958-11-20)
9"Shadow of the Past"UnknownUnknownNovember 27, 1958 (1958-11-27)
10"Killers at Chocktaw Valley"UnknownUnknownDecember 4, 1958 (1958-12-04)
11"The Counterfeiters"UnknownUnknownDecember 11, 1958 (1958-12-11)
12"Strand of Wire"UnknownUnknownDecember 18, 1958 (1958-12-18)
13"The Electioners"UnknownUnknownJanuary 1, 1959 (1959-01-01)
14"The Scavengers"UnknownUnknownJanuary 8, 1959 (1959-01-08)
15"An Eye for an Eye"Otto LangJoe Stone & Paul KingJanuary 15, 1959 (1959-01-15)
16"Double Cross"UnknownUnknownJanuary 22, 1959 (1959-01-22)
17"Wilderness Trace"UnknownUnknownJanuary 29, 1959 (1959-01-29)
18"The Plot to Assassinate President Johnson"UnknownUnknownFebruary 5, 1959 (1959-02-05)
19"The End of Nowhere"UnknownUnknownFebruary 12, 1959 (1959-02-12)
20"A Matter of Instinct"UnknownUnknownFebruary 19, 1959 (1959-02-19)
21"Witness Against the Judge"UnknownUnknownFebruary 26, 1959 (1959-02-26)
22"End of Track"UnknownUnknownMarch 5, 1959 (1959-03-05)
23"Death Sentence"UnknownUnknownMarch 12, 1959 (1959-03-12)
24"The Double Dealers"UnknownUnknownMarch 19, 1959 (1959-03-19)
25"Lesson in Violence"UnknownUnknownMarch 26, 1959 (1959-03-26)
26"The Promise"UnknownUnknownApril 2, 1959 (1959-04-02)
27"The Injured"Robert FloreySamuel A. PeeplesApril 9, 1959 (1959-04-09)
28"Paradise Gap"UnknownUnknownApril 16, 1959 (1959-04-16)
29"Hired Gun"UnknownUnknownApril 23, 1959 (1959-04-23)
30"Gunpoint Persuasion"UnknownUnknownApril 30, 1959 (1959-04-30)
31"The Rifle"UnknownUnknownMay 7, 1959 (1959-05-07)
32"Forty-Five Calibre Law"UnknownUnknownMay 14, 1959 (1959-05-14)
33"Deadfall"UnknownUnknownMay 21, 1959 (1959-05-21)
34"The Highgraders"UnknownUnknownMay 28, 1959 (1959-05-28)
35"The Wagon Raiders"Franklin AdreonSamuel A. PeeplesJune 4, 1959 (1959-06-04)
36"Ransom of Rita Renee"Otto LangJoe Stone & Paul KingJune 11, 1959 (1959-06-11)
37"Reluctant Hostage"UnknownUnknownJune 18, 1959 (1959-06-18)
38"The Holdout"UnknownUnknownJune 25, 1959 (1959-06-25)
39"The Last Rebel"Walter DonigerSamuel A. PeeplesJuly 16, 1959 (1959-07-16)
Production
The Rough Riders produced thirty-nine episodes.
P. Lorillard Company was an alternate sponsor for the program.
References
^ Boston Blackie - Cop Killer Season 1, Episode 2 on YouTube
^ "ABC's Half-Sale On 'Rough Riders'". Variety. April 2, 1958. p. 27. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
External links
The Rough Riders at IMDb
This article relating to a drama television series in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favus_of_Pannonhalma
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Favus of Pannonhalma
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["1 Abbot of Pécsvárad","2 Abbot of Pannonhalma","3 References","4 Sources"]
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Hungarian clergyman from 1252 to 1265
FavusAbbot of PannonhalmaInstalled1252Term ended1265PredecessorSolomonSuccessorBonifacePersonal detailsDied1265NationalityHungarianDenominationCatholicPrevious post(s)Abbot of Pécsvárad
Favus (died 1265) was a Hungarian clergyman in the 13th century, who served as Abbot of Pannonhalma from 1252 until his death.
Abbot of Pécsvárad
His origins, early life and career, his studies are unknown. Prior to the papal confirmation of his election as superior of the Pannonhalma Abbey in 1252, Favus served as the abbot of Pécsvárad Abbey for an unknown period of time. It is possible he already held the position during the first Mongol invasion of Hungary, which occurred in 1241–1242. The monastery of Pécsvárad was attacked and looted by the Mongols too around February or March 1242.
Following the withdrawal of the Mongols, Favus ordered to reconstruct and fortify the building complex of the Pécsvárad Abbey. King Béla IV of Hungary also permitted him to build Zengő Castle at the top of the namesake mountain; the ruin is located northwest of Pécsvárad, approximately 3.5 km as the crow flies. Based on on-site archeological excavations, the construction of the castle was left unfinished, perhaps due to Favus' transfer to Pannonhalma.
Abbot of Pannonhalma
Favus was elected abbot of Pannonhalma in 1252, succeeding Solomon. Despite having previously invalidated his appointment, Pope Innocent IV confirmed his election on 19 December 1252. Favus inherited a monastic community laden with internal conflicts from his predecessors. There was a quarrel between the laity and the members of the monastic order within the abbey, they did not follow the rules of monastic life and refused obedience, as Favus' complaints were narrated by the letter of Pope Alexander IV on 10 October 1256. Favus was forced to apply ecclesiastical penalty against renitents, he even excommunicated some of them. Favus also reported the general situation of the loosened discipline within the monasteries in Hungary. Pope Alexander entrusted Favus and three other abbots to visit all monasteries in the kingdom in order to restore discipline and monastic rule and to summon a general assembly of the Benedictines in Hungary. Under his tenure, the Greek monastery of St. Andrew near Veszprém was handed over to the Benedictine Order. Favus participated in the consecration of the monastery at Ják in 1256, celebrated by Amadeus Pok, the Bishop of Győr.
The few surviving ruins of Zengő Castle at the top of Zengő, built by Favus, when he served as Abbot of Pécsvárad
During his abbacy, Favus enriched the abbey's wealth with numerous estates and possessions. The monastery were granted several land donations from the neighboring lords and ladies, and the Hungarian royal family, for instance Pázmánd (1253), Dörög (1258), Szigliget (1260, from Béla IV and his son Duke Stephen), St. Emeric chapel at Porva (1260, from Duke Stephen), Tamási, Péterd (1262) and a portion Csicsal (1262). In addition, Favus also bought several landholdings, for instance a portion in Rád (1255, near present-day Balatonlelle), another portions in Csicsal (1260 and 1261), Bocsmala (1261), Starduna (1262) and Kusdeuch (1263). Favus also acquired Dénesd (present-day a borough of Dunajská Lužná in Slovakia) as compensation for a pecuniary debt in 1258. When King Béla IV retook Szigliget from the abbey in 1262, he compensated the abbot with three landholdings (Bak, Derbete and Alma). Favus acquired the estate Tard from the gens (clan) Rád, who were completely indebted to the abbey. In 1263, the Pannonhalma Abbey was compensated after a debate of about eighty years for the confiscation of Küszén Abbey in late 12th century (present-day Güssing Castle), when Béla IV donated some landholdings – for instance, Patvaróc (Potvorice, Slovakia) – in Nyitra County to Pannonhalma. Favus exchanged the village Hagymás for Jurény (Győr County) with the Pongrác family in 1262. Favus was also involved in various lawsuits over the boundaries of their possessions with neighboring lords, free people and Zselicszentjakab Abbey, for instance in the settlements Fény, Hegymagas, Tényő and Nyulas (today Jois, Austria), Patvaróc, Derbéte and Lubó. Favus also had conflicts over the right to collect the tithe in Somogy County with the Knights Hospitaller of Csurgó, the collegiate chapter of Székesfehérvár and the Diocese of Veszprém.
The castle of Szigliget, built by Abbot Favus between 1260 and 1262
Following the Mongol invasion, King Béla IV abandoned the ancient royal prerogative to build and own castles, promoting the erection of nearly 100 new fortresses by the end of his reign. The monarch and his son Duke Stephen jointly donated "an island of Lake Balaton" – Szigliget – with its accessories (villages, forests, vineyards, meadows, hayfields and fishponds) to the Pannonhalma Abbey in 1260 – prior to that, the landholding was the property of Atyusz III Atyusz then King Béla's cousin and royal prince John Angelos (or Kaloyan), who were ispáns of Zala County. Favus built a castle in the newly acquired field in just two years. Béla considered the fort as "strong and useful", as a result he took back Szigliget and its castle and handed over to his faithful confidant Maurice Pok in 1262, who possessed several landholdings in the region. According to historian Károly Kozák, Favus decided to build Szigliget Castle in order to be able to fight successfully in the event of an attack, as in Pannonhalma, and to provide shelter for the surrounding population. In addition, it was important for the connection between the large estates of the Benedictine abbeys of Pannonhalma, Tihany, Zalavár, Somogyvár and Almád, which are scattered in Transdanubia. In contrast, Annamária Bartha considers Béla IV initiated the process, who, in order to increase the military resistance of the kingdom, delegated to his subjects the task of building the castle, giving it possession for their construction and maintenance. Béla chose the Pannonhalma Abbey in the region because of their financial resources, which exceeded the wealth of the surrounding genera (e.g. Atyusz and Pok). It is possible that Béla IV handed over the castle to Maurice Pok because a civil war broke out between him and his son Duke Stephen, and he wanted to entrust the fortifications of his kingdom to militarily skilled nobles.
Favus requested the Hungarian king to confirm and transcribe the privileges and rights of the Pannonhalma Abbey in 1257. During Favus' abbacy, the Benedictine abbey was directly subordinate to the Holy See ("nullo medio"). Favus participated in the national synods in 1256 and 1263 (Buda), consequently he was considered among the members of the Hungarian prelates (archbishops, bishops). In October 1256, Pope Alexander IV permitted the right to the abbey to offer indulgences annually on the feast day of St. Martin (11 November). The issuance of diplomas and documents has begun in the Pannonhalma Abbey during Favus' governance; the abbey became an important place of authentication. Abbot Favus also fulfilled various papal assignments. For instance, he had to ensure the payment of annual 300 silver marks from the Archdiocese of Esztergom's income to the elected cardinal Stephen Báncsa since 1253–1254, who unsuccessfully tried to return to Hungary due to financial difficulties. Favus investigated the exercise of jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Kalocsa over the Diocese of Bosnia in 1264. King Béla IV also entrusted him with several tasks during litigation and determination of boundaries in Transdanubia.
References
^ a b Bartha 2011, pp. 5–6.
^ Bartha 2014, p. 263.
^ Bartha 2011, pp. 8–9.
^ Bartha 2011, pp. 12–14.
^ Bartha 2011, pp. 15–17.
^ Bartha 2014, pp. 257–261.
^ Bartha 2011, pp. 22–23.
^ Bartha 2011, p. 26.
^ Bartha 2011, p. 25.
^ Bartha 2011, pp. 28–29.
Sources
Bartha, Annamária (2011). "Egy 13. századi életút: Favus apát karriertörténete ". Magyar Egyháztörténeti Vázlatok (in Hungarian). 23 (1–2): 5–31. ISSN 0865-5227.
Bartha, Annamária (2014). "Favus apát várépítései? Adalékok Szigliget és Zengővár építéstörténetéhez ". In Rácz, Tibor Ákos (ed.). A múltnak kútja. Fiatal középkoros régészek V. konferenciájának tanulmánykötete // The Fountain of the Past. Study Volume of the Fifth Annual Conference of Young Medieval Archaeologists (in Hungarian). Ferenczy Múzeum. pp. 257–267. ISBN 978-963-9590-79-3.
Catholic Church titles
Preceded bySolomon
Abbot of Pannonhalma 1252–1265
Succeeded byBoniface
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Stephen)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_V_of_Hungary"},{"link_name":"Porva","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porva"},{"link_name":"Tamási","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakonytam%C3%A1si"},{"link_name":"Péterd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakonyp%C3%A9terd"},{"link_name":"Csicsal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somogymeggyes"},{"link_name":"Balatonlelle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balatonlelle"},{"link_name":"Dénesd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunajsk%C3%A1_Lu%C5%BEn%C3%A1"},{"link_name":"Slovakia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia"},{"link_name":"Bak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bak,_Hungary"},{"link_name":"Derbete","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trebatice"},{"link_name":"Alma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almamell%C3%A9k"},{"link_name":"gens (clan) Rád","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A1d_(genus)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Küszén Abbey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCsz%C3%A9n_Abbey"},{"link_name":"Güssing Castle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCssing_Castle"},{"link_name":"Patvaróc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potvorice"},{"link_name":"Nyitra County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyitra_County"},{"link_name":"Győr County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gy%C5%91r_County"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartha201112%E2%80%9314-4"},{"link_name":"Zselicszentjakab Abbey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zselicszentjakab_Abbey"},{"link_name":"Hegymagas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegymagas"},{"link_name":"Tényő","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9ny%C5%91"},{"link_name":"Nyulas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jois"},{"link_name":"Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria"},{"link_name":"tithe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tithe"},{"link_name":"Somogy County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somogy_County_(former)"},{"link_name":"Knights Hospitaller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller"},{"link_name":"Csurgó","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csurg%C3%B3"},{"link_name":"Székesfehérvár","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kesfeh%C3%A9rv%C3%A1r"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Veszprém","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Veszpr%C3%A9m"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartha201115%E2%80%9317-5"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:V%C3%A1rrom_(10376._sz%C3%A1m%C3%BA_m%C5%B1eml%C3%A9k).jpg"},{"link_name":"Szigliget","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szigliget"},{"link_name":"Lake Balaton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Balaton"},{"link_name":"Atyusz III Atyusz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atyusz_III_Atyusz"},{"link_name":"John Angelos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Angelos_of_Syrmia"},{"link_name":"ispán","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isp%C3%A1n"},{"link_name":"Zala County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zala_County_(former)"},{"link_name":"Maurice Pok","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_II_Pok"},{"link_name":"Tihany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihany_Abbey"},{"link_name":"Zalavár","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalav%C3%A1r"},{"link_name":"Somogyvár","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somogyv%C3%A1r_Abbey"},{"link_name":"Almád","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alm%C3%A1d_Abbey"},{"link_name":"Transdanubia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transdanubia"},{"link_name":"Atyusz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atyusz_(genus)"},{"link_name":"Pok","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pok_(genus)"},{"link_name":"civil war","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Civil_War_(1264%E2%80%931265)"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartha2014257%E2%80%93261-6"},{"link_name":"Holy See","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See"},{"link_name":"Buda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buda"},{"link_name":"indulgences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indulgence"},{"link_name":"St. Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_of_Tours"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartha201122%E2%80%9323-7"},{"link_name":"place of authentication","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_of_authentication"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartha201126-8"},{"link_name":"marks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_(unit)"},{"link_name":"Archdiocese of Esztergom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Esztergom"},{"link_name":"Stephen Báncsa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_I_B%C3%A1ncsa"},{"link_name":"Archdiocese of Kalocsa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Kalocsa%E2%80%93Kecskem%C3%A9t"},{"link_name":"Diocese of Bosnia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bosnia"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartha201125-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartha201128%E2%80%9329-10"}],"text":"Favus was elected abbot of Pannonhalma in 1252, succeeding Solomon. Despite having previously invalidated his appointment, Pope Innocent IV confirmed his election on 19 December 1252.[1] Favus inherited a monastic community laden with internal conflicts from his predecessors. There was a quarrel between the laity and the members of the monastic order within the abbey, they did not follow the rules of monastic life and refused obedience, as Favus' complaints were narrated by the letter of Pope Alexander IV on 10 October 1256. Favus was forced to apply ecclesiastical penalty against renitents, he even excommunicated some of them. Favus also reported the general situation of the loosened discipline within the monasteries in Hungary. Pope Alexander entrusted Favus and three other abbots to visit all monasteries in the kingdom in order to restore discipline and monastic rule and to summon a general assembly of the Benedictines in Hungary. Under his tenure, the Greek monastery of St. Andrew near Veszprém was handed over to the Benedictine Order. Favus participated in the consecration of the monastery at Ják in 1256, celebrated by Amadeus Pok, the Bishop of Győr.[3]The few surviving ruins of Zengő Castle at the top of Zengő, built by Favus, when he served as Abbot of PécsváradDuring his abbacy, Favus enriched the abbey's wealth with numerous estates and possessions. The monastery were granted several land donations from the neighboring lords and ladies, and the Hungarian royal family, for instance Pázmánd (1253), Dörög (1258), Szigliget (1260, from Béla IV and his son Duke Stephen), St. Emeric chapel at Porva (1260, from Duke Stephen), Tamási, Péterd (1262) and a portion Csicsal (1262). In addition, Favus also bought several landholdings, for instance a portion in Rád (1255, near present-day Balatonlelle), another portions in Csicsal (1260 and 1261), Bocsmala (1261), Starduna (1262) and Kusdeuch (1263). Favus also acquired Dénesd (present-day a borough of Dunajská Lužná in Slovakia) as compensation for a pecuniary debt in 1258. When King Béla IV retook Szigliget from the abbey in 1262, he compensated the abbot with three landholdings (Bak, Derbete and Alma). Favus acquired the estate Tard from the gens (clan) Rád, who were completely indebted to the abbey. In 1263, the Pannonhalma Abbey was compensated after a debate of about eighty years for the confiscation of Küszén Abbey in late 12th century (present-day Güssing Castle), when Béla IV donated some landholdings – for instance, Patvaróc (Potvorice, Slovakia) – in Nyitra County to Pannonhalma. Favus exchanged the village Hagymás for Jurény (Győr County) with the Pongrác family in 1262.[4] Favus was also involved in various lawsuits over the boundaries of their possessions with neighboring lords, free people and Zselicszentjakab Abbey, for instance in the settlements Fény, Hegymagas, Tényő and Nyulas (today Jois, Austria), Patvaróc, Derbéte and Lubó. Favus also had conflicts over the right to collect the tithe in Somogy County with the Knights Hospitaller of Csurgó, the collegiate chapter of Székesfehérvár and the Diocese of Veszprém.[5]The castle of Szigliget, built by Abbot Favus between 1260 and 1262Following the Mongol invasion, King Béla IV abandoned the ancient royal prerogative to build and own castles, promoting the erection of nearly 100 new fortresses by the end of his reign. The monarch and his son Duke Stephen jointly donated \"an island of Lake Balaton\" – Szigliget – with its accessories (villages, forests, vineyards, meadows, hayfields and fishponds) to the Pannonhalma Abbey in 1260 – prior to that, the landholding was the property of Atyusz III Atyusz then King Béla's cousin and royal prince John Angelos (or Kaloyan), who were ispáns of Zala County. Favus built a castle in the newly acquired field in just two years. Béla considered the fort as \"strong and useful\", as a result he took back Szigliget and its castle and handed over to his faithful confidant Maurice Pok in 1262, who possessed several landholdings in the region. According to historian Károly Kozák, Favus decided to build Szigliget Castle in order to be able to fight successfully in the event of an attack, as in Pannonhalma, and to provide shelter for the surrounding population. In addition, it was important for the connection between the large estates of the Benedictine abbeys of Pannonhalma, Tihany, Zalavár, Somogyvár and Almád, which are scattered in Transdanubia. In contrast, Annamária Bartha considers Béla IV initiated the process, who, in order to increase the military resistance of the kingdom, delegated to his subjects the task of building the castle, giving it possession for their construction and maintenance. Béla chose the Pannonhalma Abbey in the region because of their financial resources, which exceeded the wealth of the surrounding genera (e.g. Atyusz and Pok). It is possible that Béla IV handed over the castle to Maurice Pok because a civil war broke out between him and his son Duke Stephen, and he wanted to entrust the fortifications of his kingdom to militarily skilled nobles.[6]Favus requested the Hungarian king to confirm and transcribe the privileges and rights of the Pannonhalma Abbey in 1257. During Favus' abbacy, the Benedictine abbey was directly subordinate to the Holy See (\"nullo medio\"). Favus participated in the national synods in 1256 and 1263 (Buda), consequently he was considered among the members of the Hungarian prelates (archbishops, bishops). In October 1256, Pope Alexander IV permitted the right to the abbey to offer indulgences annually on the feast day of St. Martin (11 November).[7] The issuance of diplomas and documents has begun in the Pannonhalma Abbey during Favus' governance; the abbey became an important place of authentication.[8] Abbot Favus also fulfilled various papal assignments. For instance, he had to ensure the payment of annual 300 silver marks from the Archdiocese of Esztergom's income to the elected cardinal Stephen Báncsa since 1253–1254, who unsuccessfully tried to return to Hungary due to financial difficulties. Favus investigated the exercise of jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Kalocsa over the Diocese of Bosnia in 1264.[9] King Béla IV also entrusted him with several tasks during litigation and determination of boundaries in Transdanubia.[10]","title":"Abbot of Pannonhalma"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISSN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0865-5227","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/issn/0865-5227"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-963-9590-79-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-9590-79-3"}],"text":"Bartha, Annamária (2011). \"Egy 13. századi életút: Favus apát karriertörténete [A Career from the 13th Century: Life of Abbot Favus]\". Magyar Egyháztörténeti Vázlatok (in Hungarian). 23 (1–2): 5–31. ISSN 0865-5227.\nBartha, Annamária (2014). \"Favus apát várépítései? Adalékok Szigliget és Zengővár építéstörténetéhez [Castle Building Projects of Abbot Favus? Contributions to the Building History of Szigliget and Zengővár]\". In Rácz, Tibor Ákos (ed.). A múltnak kútja. Fiatal középkoros régészek V. konferenciájának tanulmánykötete // The Fountain of the Past. Study Volume of the Fifth Annual Conference of Young Medieval Archaeologists (in Hungarian). Ferenczy Múzeum. pp. 257–267. ISBN 978-963-9590-79-3.","title":"Sources"}]
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[{"image_text":"The few surviving ruins of Zengő Castle at the top of Zengő, built by Favus, when he served as Abbot of Pécsvárad","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Zeng%C5%91v%C3%A1r.JPG/220px-Zeng%C5%91v%C3%A1r.JPG"},{"image_text":"The castle of Szigliget, built by Abbot Favus between 1260 and 1262","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/V%C3%A1rrom_%2810376._sz%C3%A1m%C3%BA_m%C5%B1eml%C3%A9k%29.jpg/220px-V%C3%A1rrom_%2810376._sz%C3%A1m%C3%BA_m%C5%B1eml%C3%A9k%29.jpg"}]
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[{"reference":"Bartha, Annamária (2011). \"Egy 13. századi életút: Favus apát karriertörténete [A Career from the 13th Century: Life of Abbot Favus]\". Magyar Egyháztörténeti Vázlatok (in Hungarian). 23 (1–2): 5–31. ISSN 0865-5227.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0865-5227","url_text":"0865-5227"}]},{"reference":"Bartha, Annamária (2014). \"Favus apát várépítései? Adalékok Szigliget és Zengővár építéstörténetéhez [Castle Building Projects of Abbot Favus? Contributions to the Building History of Szigliget and Zengővár]\". In Rácz, Tibor Ákos (ed.). A múltnak kútja. Fiatal középkoros régészek V. konferenciájának tanulmánykötete // The Fountain of the Past. Study Volume of the Fifth Annual Conference of Young Medieval Archaeologists (in Hungarian). Ferenczy Múzeum. pp. 257–267. ISBN 978-963-9590-79-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-9590-79-3","url_text":"978-963-9590-79-3"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0865-5227","external_links_name":"0865-5227"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Regiment_Illinois_Volunteer_Cavalry
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1st Illinois Cavalry Regiment
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["1 Civil War","1.1 Service","1.2 Noleman's Cavalry","1.3 Total strength and casualties","1.4 Commanders","2 Spanish–American War","3 Later reorganizations","4 See also","5 Citations","6 References"]
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For other uses, see 1st Cavalry.
1st Illinois Cavalry RegimentIllinois flagActiveJuly 3, 1861, to December 27, 1862CountryUnited StatesAllegianceUnionBranchCavalryMilitary unit
Illinois U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiments 1861-1865
Previous Next 2nd Illinois Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
The 1st Illinois Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War and Spanish–American War.
Civil War
Service
Companies "A" to "G" of the 1st Illinois Volunteer Cavalry were mustered into service at Alton, Illinois, on July 3, 1861. Among their initial officers was future Washington philanthropist David P. Jenkins, who served as the regiment's first major. Companies "I," "H" and "K" were mustered at Alton at later dates and never served with the main body of the regiment. The original companies served as guards for supply trains and depots until mustered out on July 14, 1862. The remaining companies served independently. The last company was mustered out on December 27, 1862.
Noleman's Cavalry
Company H of the regiment was named "Noleman's Cavalry" after its captain, Robert D. Noleman. This company was organized at Centralia, Illinois, and mustered into service of the United States on June 14, 1861, for a period of one year. The group was first rendezvoused at Cairo, Illinois, but soon were transferred to Bird's Point, Missouri. They fought in the Battle of Belmont on November 7, 1861, and thereafter scouted through southeastern Missouri and western Kentucky during the winter of 1861–62.
On March 2, 1862, the group, joined by then-Colonel James D. Morgan, led the pursuit of Confederate Brigadier General M. Jeff Thompson in southeastern Missouri. They were unsuccessful in capturing Thompson but did capture artillery. Col. Morgan praised the group's perseverance and Gen. Thompson later recalled, "The cavalry are a perfect set of daredevils, all officers wearing feathers on their hats." From February to April 1862 the company joined Brigadier General John Pope in
the Union effort to take New Madrid, or Kentucky Bend, on the Mississippi River. Their engagements included the Battle of Island Number Ten and the Confederate surrender after that battle at Tiptonville, Tennessee.
After the fall of New Madrid the group proceeded down the Mississippi River, and in June 1862 their company were the first U.S. troops to enter the city of Memphis. In July 1862 they were ordered to St. Louis to be mustered out of service. During their year of service Company H captured 167 prisoners, 209 horses and mules, and numerous guns and ammunition.
Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered 17 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 26 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 43 fatalities.
Commanders
Colonel Thomas A. Marshall – mustered out July 14, 1862, with the main body of the regiment.
Spanish–American War
Constituted 1 July 1897 in the Illinois National Guard as a squadron of cavalry and organized from existing troops. Expanded and mustered into Federal service 21 May 1898 at Springfield as the 1st Illinois Volunteer Cavalry; mustered out of Federal service 11 October 1898 at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. Reorganized in 1899 in the Illinois National Guard as a squadron of cavalry; expanded, reorganized and re-designated 22 June 1899 as the 1st Cavalry.
Later reorganizations
Mustered into Federal service 27 June 1916; mustered out of Federal service 17 November 1916 at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. Non-Chicago elements of the regiment converted and re-designated 24 June 1917 as the 3d Field Artillery (Chicago elements converted and re-designated 9 June 1917 as the 2nd Field Artillery). Drafted into Federal service 5 August 1917. Reorganized and re-designated on 21 September 1917 as the 124th Field Artillery and assigned to the 33rd Division. Demobilized 8 June 1919 at Camp Grant, Illinois.
Reorganized 20 October 1922 in the Illinois National Guard as the 2nd Squadron, 106th Cavalry, an element of the 22nd Cavalry Division (remainder of regiment allotted to the Michigan National Guard). Reorganized 1 September 1940 wholly in the Illinois National Guard as the 106th Cavalry and relieved from assignment to the 22d Cavalry Division (2d Squadron) concurrently re-designated as the 1st Squadron of the 23d Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron
See also
List of Illinois Civil War Units
Illinois in the American Civil War
106th Cavalry Regiment (United States)
Citations
^ a b c TSLA.
^ ORA.
^ Dyer.
^ a b Pope.
References
Dyer, Frederick H. (1908). A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Madison, Wisconsin: Dyer Publishing Co. Reprint, Dyer, Frederick H. (1979). A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Dayton, OH: National Historical Society.
Pope, Jeffrey Lynn and Leonid E. Kondratiuk (1995). Armor-Cavalry Regiments. DIANE Publishing. pp. 21–22. ISBN 0-7881-8206-4.
"Centralia Cavalry Company". Tennessee State Library & Archives. Retrieved November 26, 2013.
The Civil War Archive
U.S. War Department (1886–1901). A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Series 1. Washington: Government Printing Office.
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"1st Cavalry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Cavalry_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"cavalry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalry"},{"link_name":"regiment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiment"},{"link_name":"Union Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Army"},{"link_name":"American Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"Spanish–American War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War"}],"text":"For other uses, see 1st Cavalry.Military unitThe 1st Illinois Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War and Spanish–American War.","title":"1st Illinois Cavalry Regiment"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Civil War"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alton, Illinois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alton,_Illinois"},{"link_name":"Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(U.S._state)"},{"link_name":"philanthropist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philanthropist"},{"link_name":"David P. Jenkins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_P._Jenkins_(Colonel)"},{"link_name":"major","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_(United_States)"}],"sub_title":"Service","text":"Companies \"A\" to \"G\" of the 1st Illinois Volunteer Cavalry were mustered into service at Alton, Illinois, on July 3, 1861. Among their initial officers was future Washington philanthropist David P. Jenkins, who served as the regiment's first major. Companies \"I,\" \"H\" and \"K\" were mustered at Alton at later dates and never served with the main body of the regiment. The original companies served as guards for supply trains and depots until mustered out on July 14, 1862. The remaining companies served independently. The last company was mustered out on December 27, 1862.","title":"Civil War"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Centralia, Illinois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralia,_Illinois"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTETSLA-1"},{"link_name":"Cairo, Illinois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo,_Illinois"},{"link_name":"Bird's Point, Missouri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird%27s_Point,_Missouri"},{"link_name":"Battle of Belmont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Belmont"},{"link_name":"James D. Morgan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Morgan"},{"link_name":"M. Jeff Thompson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._Jeff_Thompson"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEORA-2"},{"link_name":"John Pope","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pope_(military_officer)"},{"link_name":"New Madrid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Madrid_Bend"},{"link_name":"Kentucky Bend","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky_Bend"},{"link_name":"Mississippi River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River"},{"link_name":"Battle of Island Number Ten","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Island_Number_Ten"},{"link_name":"Tiptonville, Tennessee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiptonville,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Memphis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTETSLA-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTETSLA-1"}],"sub_title":"Noleman's Cavalry","text":"Company H of the regiment was named \"Noleman's Cavalry\" after its captain, Robert D. Noleman. This company was organized at Centralia, Illinois, and mustered into service of the United States on June 14, 1861, for a period of one year.[1] The group was first rendezvoused at Cairo, Illinois, but soon were transferred to Bird's Point, Missouri. They fought in the Battle of Belmont on November 7, 1861, and thereafter scouted through southeastern Missouri and western Kentucky during the winter of 1861–62.On March 2, 1862, the group, joined by then-Colonel James D. Morgan, led the pursuit of Confederate Brigadier General M. Jeff Thompson in southeastern Missouri. They were unsuccessful in capturing Thompson but did capture artillery. Col. Morgan praised the group's perseverance and Gen. Thompson later recalled, \"The cavalry are a perfect set of daredevils, all officers wearing feathers on their hats.\"[2] From February to April 1862 the company joined Brigadier General John Pope in\nthe Union effort to take New Madrid, or Kentucky Bend, on the Mississippi River. Their engagements included the Battle of Island Number Ten and the Confederate surrender after that battle at Tiptonville, Tennessee.After the fall of New Madrid the group proceeded down the Mississippi River, and in June 1862 their company were the first U.S. troops to enter the city of Memphis.[1] In July 1862 they were ordered to St. Louis to be mustered out of service. During their year of service Company H captured 167 prisoners, 209 horses and mules, and numerous guns and ammunition.[1]","title":"Civil War"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDyer-3"}],"sub_title":"Total strength and casualties","text":"The regiment suffered 17 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 26 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 43 fatalities.[3]","title":"Civil War"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Commanders","text":"Colonel Thomas A. Marshall – mustered out July 14, 1862, with the main body of the regiment.","title":"Civil War"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Springfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois"},{"link_name":"Fort Sheridan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheridan_Reserve_Center"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPope-4"}],"text":"Constituted 1 July 1897 in the Illinois National Guard as a squadron of cavalry and organized from existing troops. Expanded and mustered into Federal service 21 May 1898 at Springfield as the 1st Illinois Volunteer Cavalry; mustered out of Federal service 11 October 1898 at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. Reorganized in 1899 in the Illinois National Guard as a squadron of cavalry; expanded, reorganized and re-designated 22 June 1899 as the 1st Cavalry.[4]","title":"Spanish–American War"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chicago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago"},{"link_name":"124th Field Artillery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/124th_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"33rd Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/33rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Camp Grant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Grant_(Illinois)"},{"link_name":"106th Cavalry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/106th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"22nd Cavalry Division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22nd_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"106th Cavalry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/106th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPope-4"}],"text":"Mustered into Federal service 27 June 1916; mustered out of Federal service 17 November 1916 at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. Non-Chicago elements of the regiment converted and re-designated 24 June 1917 as the 3d Field Artillery (Chicago elements converted and re-designated 9 June 1917 as the 2nd Field Artillery). Drafted into Federal service 5 August 1917. Reorganized and re-designated on 21 September 1917 as the 124th Field Artillery and assigned to the 33rd Division. Demobilized 8 June 1919 at Camp Grant, Illinois.Reorganized 20 October 1922 in the Illinois National Guard as the 2nd Squadron, 106th Cavalry, an element of the 22nd Cavalry Division (remainder of regiment allotted to the Michigan National Guard). Reorganized 1 September 1940 wholly in the Illinois National Guard as the 106th Cavalry and relieved from assignment to the 22d Cavalry Division (2d Squadron) concurrently re-designated as the 1st Squadron of the 23d Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron [constituted 1 January 1940 and organized in part by transfer of personnel from Troop F and Machine Gun Troop, 106th Cavalry, re-designated as the 2d Squadron. Inducted into Federal service 25 November 1940 at home stations. Regiment broken up 15 March 1944 and its elements reorganized and re-designated.[4]","title":"Later reorganizations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETSLA_1-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETSLA_1-1"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETSLA_1-2"},{"link_name":"TSLA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFTSLA"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEORA_2-0"},{"link_name":"ORA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFORA"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDyer_3-0"},{"link_name":"Dyer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFDyer"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPope_4-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPope_4-1"},{"link_name":"Pope","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFPope"}],"text":"^ a b c TSLA.\n\n^ ORA.\n\n^ Dyer.\n\n^ a b Pope.","title":"Citations"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"List of Illinois Civil War Units","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Illinois_Civil_War_Units"},{"title":"Illinois in the American Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_in_the_American_Civil_War"},{"title":"106th Cavalry Regiment (United States)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/106th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)"}]
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[{"reference":"Dyer, Frederick H. (1908). A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Madison, Wisconsin: Dyer Publishing Co.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_H._Dyer","url_text":"Dyer, Frederick H."},{"url":"http://www.civilwararchive.com/Unreghst/unilinf7.htm#80th","url_text":"A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion"}]},{"reference":"Dyer, Frederick H. (1979). A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Dayton, OH: National Historical Society.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Pope, Jeffrey Lynn and Leonid E. Kondratiuk (1995). Armor-Cavalry Regiments. DIANE Publishing. pp. 21–22. ISBN 0-7881-8206-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=SeqLBwskpZIC&q=1st%20cavalry%20illinois%20national%20guard&pg=PA21","url_text":"Armor-Cavalry Regiments"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7881-8206-4","url_text":"0-7881-8206-4"}]},{"reference":"\"Centralia Cavalry Company\". Tennessee State Library & Archives. Retrieved November 26, 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://teva.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15138coll6/id/3836/rec/9","url_text":"\"Centralia Cavalry Company\""}]},{"reference":"U.S. War Department (1886–1901). A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Series 1. Washington: Government Printing Office.","urls":[{"url":"http://ehistory.osu.edu/osu/sources/recordView.cfm?Content=003/0243","url_text":"A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies"}]}]
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[{"Link":"http://www.civilwararchive.com/Unreghst/unilinf7.htm#80th","external_links_name":"A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=SeqLBwskpZIC&q=1st%20cavalry%20illinois%20national%20guard&pg=PA21","external_links_name":"Armor-Cavalry Regiments"},{"Link":"http://teva.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15138coll6/id/3836/rec/9","external_links_name":"\"Centralia Cavalry Company\""},{"Link":"http://www.civilwararchive.com/unionil.htm","external_links_name":"The Civil War Archive"},{"Link":"http://ehistory.osu.edu/osu/sources/recordView.cfm?Content=003/0243","external_links_name":"A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazi_Muhammad_Isa
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Qazi Muhammad Isa
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["1 Early life and career","2 Commemorative postage stamp issued in 1990","3 Death and legacy","4 See also","5 References","6 Bibliography"]
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Not to be confused with Qazi Muhammad.Pakistani politician
Qazi Muhammad Isaقاضی محمد عیسیٰQazi Muhammad Isa in the 20th centuryBorn17 July 1914Pishin District, Balochistan CCP, British Raj(now, Balochistan, Pakistan)Died19 June 1976(1976-06-19) (aged 61)Known forBeing one of the Founding father of the PakistanLifelong member of Muslim LeagueChildrenQazi Faez Isa (son)
Qazi Azmat Isa (son) Qazi Anwar Kamal Isa (son)
Qazi Muhammad Isa (Urdu: قاضی محمد عیسیٰ; 17 July 1914 – 19 June 1976) was a Pakistani politician and one of the leading founding fathers of Pakistan. He was an advocate of the Pakistan Movement and represented Balochistan in the Lahore Conference that led to the ratification of Lahore Resolution. He led the Muslim League's branches in Balochistan and NWFP. His son Qazi Faez Isa is the current Chief Justice of Pakistan.
Early life and career
Qazi Muhammad Isa was born on 17 July 1914 in Pishin District, Balochistan. He received his basic education in Quetta. In 1933, he went to England for higher studies and received his law degree from Middle Temple, London. After returning to British India, he started practicing law in Bombay in 1938 where he first met Jinnah.
He participated in the formation of the first Muslim political party in Pakistan, (Muslim league) Balochistan before 1947. He was from a Shia Hazara of Sheikh Ali tribe, which migrated from Kandahar, Afghanistan to Pishin in Balochistan, Pakistan.
"After having been called to Bar in January 1939, he returned home and met Quaide-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah in Bombay. He was so impressed with his ideas and personality that on his return to Balochistan, he founded the All-India Muslim League in his province." He played a key role in the Pakistan Movement and was one of the trusted lieutenants of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He was the youngest member of the Working Committee of the All-India Muslim League and as President of the Baluchistan Provincial Muslim League, he quickly organized the party throughout the province and played a key role in the 'Vote for Pakistan movement' and in the historical referendum of the then North-West Frontier Province. Qazi Essa travelled more than 300,000 miles to campaign for the Pakistan Movement between 1940 and 1947.
He represented Balochistan in the 1940 Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Lahore قرارداد لاھور), commonly known as the Pakistan Resolution (قرارداد پاکستان Qarardad-e-Pakistan). His nephew, Ashraf Jehangir Qazi, has been a Pakistani High Commissioner in India, Pakistan's Permanent representative in UNO and UN Secretary General Special Representative in Iraq. Qazi Essa's son Qazi Faez Isa became Chief Justice of Balochistan High Court on 5 August 2009. He later took oath as a Judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan on 5 September 2014.
Later, Qazi Muhammad Isa served as Ambassador of Pakistan to Brazil from 1951 to 1953. He also was a member of Pakistan delegations to the United Nations in 1950, 1954 and 1974. He was appointed member of the Committee on Minorities in the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan.
Commemorative postage stamp issued in 1990
Pakistan Postal Services issued a commemorative postage stamp in Qazi Muhammad Isa's honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series in 1990.
Death and legacy
Qazi Muhammad Isa died on 19 June 1976. Qazi Isa devotedly served the Muslim League for 37 years. Among his survivors are some notable Pakistani personalities.
See also
All-India Muslim League
Balochistan
Lahore Resolution
Qazi Faez Isa (Justice of Supreme Court of Pakistan and a son of Qazi Mohammad Isa)
Ashraf Jehangir Qazi (a nephew of Qazi Mohammad Isa)
History of Quetta
References
^ a b National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research 1998.
^ a b c d e f g h Profile of Qazi Muhammad Essa on storyofpakistan.com website Retrieved 27 August 2021
^ a b http://www.humsafar.info/pio_qazi_mohammad_isa.php, Profile of Qazi Muhammad Essa on humsafar.info website, Retrieved 23 January 2017
^ "A glance at Isa's journey". The Express Tribune. 17 September 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
^ Javed, Saleem (29 June 2012). "Hope fades away for Hazaras of Pakistan". Dawn. Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2020. Hazaras also played an important role in the formation of Pakistan. A Hazara politician, Qazi Mohammad Essa (his son, Faiz Essa, is the present Chief Justice of Balochistan High Court), was the founder of Balochistan Muslim League who represented Balochistan in Lahore Resolution in 1940.
^ Profile of Justice Qazi Faez Isa (son of Qazi Muhammad Essa) on supremecourt.gov.pk website Archived 27 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 August 2021
^ 1990 Pioneers Of Freedom Series commemorative postage stamps on State Bank of Pakistan Museum website Retrieved 27 August 2021
^ "Profile of Qazi Mohaammad Isa". cybercity-online.net website. 26 October 2003. Archived from the original on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
Bibliography
Francis Robinson (1997), The Muslims and Partition, History Today, Vol. 47
Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, Volume 19, Pakistan: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, 1998, p. 124
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Qazi Muhammad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazi_Muhammad"},{"link_name":"Urdu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_language"},{"link_name":"Pakistani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani"},{"link_name":"politician","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politician"},{"link_name":"leading founding fathers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pakistan_Movement_activists"},{"link_name":"Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan"},{"link_name":"Pakistan Movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Movement"},{"link_name":"Balochistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan"},{"link_name":"Lahore Conference","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Resolution#Lahore_Conference"},{"link_name":"ratification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratification"},{"link_name":"Lahore Resolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Resolution"},{"link_name":"Muslim League's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League"},{"link_name":"Balochistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan"},{"link_name":"NWFP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-West_Frontier_Province"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-storyofpakistan-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-humsafar-3"},{"link_name":"Qazi Faez Isa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazi_Faez_Isa"},{"link_name":"Chief Justice of Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Not to be confused with Qazi Muhammad.Pakistani politicianQazi Muhammad Isa (Urdu: قاضی محمد عیسیٰ; 17 July 1914 – 19 June 1976) was a Pakistani politician and one of the leading founding fathers of Pakistan. He was an advocate of the Pakistan Movement and represented Balochistan in the Lahore Conference that led to the ratification of Lahore Resolution. He led the Muslim League's branches in Balochistan and NWFP.[2][3] His son Qazi Faez Isa is the current Chief Justice of Pakistan.[4]","title":"Qazi Muhammad Isa"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pishin District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pishin_District"},{"link_name":"Balochistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan"},{"link_name":"Quetta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta"},{"link_name":"Middle Temple","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Temple"},{"link_name":"Bombay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay"},{"link_name":"Jinnah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-storyofpakistan-2"},{"link_name":"Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan"},{"link_name":"Muslim league","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League"},{"link_name":"Balochistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan_(Pakistan)"},{"link_name":"Hazara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara_people"},{"link_name":"Sheikh Ali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Ali_(Hazara_tribe)"},{"link_name":"Kandahar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar"},{"link_name":"Pishin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pishin,_Balochistan"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Javed-5"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-storyofpakistan-2"},{"link_name":"Pakistan Movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Movement"},{"link_name":"Muhammad Ali Jinnah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah"},{"link_name":"All-India Muslim League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League"},{"link_name":"North-West Frontier Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-West_Frontier_Province_(1901%E2%80%932010)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-storyofpakistan-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-humsafar-3"},{"link_name":"Lahore Resolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Resolution"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-storyofpakistan-2"},{"link_name":"Ashraf Jehangir Qazi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Jehangir_Qazi"},{"link_name":"High Commissioner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Commissioner"},{"link_name":"Permanent representative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_representative"},{"link_name":"Iraq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq"},{"link_name":"Qazi Faez Isa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazi_Faez_Isa"},{"link_name":"Balochistan High Court","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan_High_Court"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Institute_of_Historical_and_Cultural_Research1998-1"},{"link_name":"Supreme Court of Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-storyofpakistan-2"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-supremecourt.gov.pk-6"},{"link_name":"Ambassador","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambassador"},{"link_name":"Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil"},{"link_name":"United Nations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations"},{"link_name":"Constituent Assembly of Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Pakistan"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-storyofpakistan-2"}],"text":"Qazi Muhammad Isa was born on 17 July 1914 in Pishin District, Balochistan. He received his basic education in Quetta. In 1933, he went to England for higher studies and received his law degree from Middle Temple, London. After returning to British India, he started practicing law in Bombay in 1938 where he first met Jinnah.[2]He participated in the formation of the first Muslim political party in Pakistan, (Muslim league) Balochistan before 1947. He was from a Shia Hazara of Sheikh Ali tribe, which migrated from Kandahar, Afghanistan to Pishin in Balochistan, Pakistan.[5]\"After having been called to Bar in January 1939, he returned home and met Quaide-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah in Bombay. He was so impressed with his ideas and personality that on his return to Balochistan, he founded the All-India Muslim League in his province.\"[2] He played a key role in the Pakistan Movement and was one of the trusted lieutenants of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He was the youngest member of the Working Committee of the All-India Muslim League and as President of the Baluchistan Provincial Muslim League, he quickly organized the party throughout the province and played a key role in the 'Vote for Pakistan movement' and in the historical referendum of the then North-West Frontier Province. Qazi Essa travelled more than 300,000 miles to campaign for the Pakistan Movement between 1940 and 1947.[2][3]He represented Balochistan in the 1940 Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Lahore قرارداد لاھور), commonly known as the Pakistan Resolution (قرارداد پاکستان Qarardad-e-Pakistan).[2] His nephew, Ashraf Jehangir Qazi, has been a Pakistani High Commissioner in India, Pakistan's Permanent representative in UNO and UN Secretary General Special Representative in Iraq. Qazi Essa's son Qazi Faez Isa became Chief Justice of Balochistan High Court on 5 August 2009.[1] He later took oath as a Judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan on 5 September 2014.[2][6]Later, Qazi Muhammad Isa served as Ambassador of Pakistan to Brazil from 1951 to 1953. He also was a member of Pakistan delegations to the United Nations in 1950, 1954 and 1974. He was appointed member of the Committee on Minorities in the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan.[2]","title":"Early life and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pakistan Postal Services","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Postal_Services"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Pakistan Postal Services issued a commemorative postage stamp in Qazi Muhammad Isa's honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series in 1990.[7][8]","title":"Commemorative postage stamp issued in 1990"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-storyofpakistan-2"}],"text":"Qazi Muhammad Isa died on 19 June 1976. Qazi Isa devotedly served the Muslim League for 37 years.[2] Among his survivors are some notable Pakistani personalities.","title":"Death and legacy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, Volume 19","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=Ne5tAAAAMAAJ"},{"link_name":"Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Pakistan_Movement"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_Movement"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_Movement"},{"link_name":"Pakistan Movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Movement"},{"link_name":"History of Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Pakistan"},{"link_name":"timeline: 1947–present)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Pakistani_history_(1947%E2%80%93present)"},{"link_name":"History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Pakistan"},{"link_name":"East India Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company"},{"link_name":"Indian Rebellion of 1857","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857"},{"link_name":"Deobandi Movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandi"},{"link_name":"Barelvi Movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barelvi"},{"link_name":"Aligarh Movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aligarh_Movement"},{"link_name":"Urdu movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_movement"},{"link_name":"Partition of Bengal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)"},{"link_name":"Lucknow Pact","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow_Pact"},{"link_name":"Khilafat Movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khilafat_Movement"},{"link_name":"Shuddhi movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuddhi_movement"},{"link_name":"Nehru Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru_Report"},{"link_name":"Fourteen Points of Jinnah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah"},{"link_name":"Allahabad Address","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahabad_Address"},{"link_name":"Now or Never pamphlet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Declaration"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"Two nation theory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_nation_theory"},{"link_name":"Round Table Conferences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)"},{"link_name":"Lahore Resolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Resolution"},{"link_name":"Direct Action Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Action_Day"},{"link_name":"Muslim nationalism in South Asia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia"},{"link_name":"Cabinet Mission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India"},{"link_name":"Indian Independence Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947"},{"link_name":"Partition of India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_India"},{"link_name":"Radcliffe Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radcliffe_Line"},{"link_name":"Durand Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durand_Line"},{"link_name":"Objectives Resolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectives_Resolution"},{"link_name":"Independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(Pakistan)"},{"link_name":"Pakistani monarchy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_monarchy"},{"link_name":"Republic 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Branch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Provincial_Muslim_League"},{"link_name":"Unionist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionist_Muslim_League"},{"link_name":"Student Federations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_India_Muslim_Students_Federation"},{"link_name":"Khaksars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaksars"},{"link_name":"Renaissance Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Pakistan_Renaissance_Society"},{"link_name":"Philosophical Congress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_philosophy"},{"link_name":"Dawn newspaper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)"},{"link_name":"Daily Jang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Jang"},{"link_name":"Nawa-i-Waqt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaiwaqt"},{"link_name":"Zamindar newspaper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamindar_(newspaper)"},{"link_name":"Leaders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Pakistan_Movement"},{"link_name":"Syed Ahmad Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan"},{"link_name":"Aga Khan III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aga_Khan_III"},{"link_name":"Khwaja Salimullah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khwaja_Salimullah"},{"link_name":"Syed Ameer Ali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Ameer_Ali"},{"link_name":"Mohammad Ali Jauhar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar"},{"link_name":"Maulana Shaukat Ali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaukat_Ali_(freedom_fighter)"},{"link_name":"Hakim Ajmal Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakim_Ajmal_Khan"},{"link_name":"Muhammad Iqbal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal"},{"link_name":"Muhammad Ali Jinnah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah"},{"link_name":"Fatima Jinnah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatima_Jinnah"},{"link_name":"Liaquat Ali Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaquat_Ali_Khan"},{"link_name":"Sadeq Mohammad Khan V","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadeq_Mohammad_Khan_V"},{"link_name":"Mian Muhammad Shafi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mian_Muhammad_Shafi"},{"link_name":"Mian Abdul Rashid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mian_Abdul_Rashid"},{"link_name":"Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk Kamboh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waqar-ul-Mulk"},{"link_name":"Mohsin-ul-Mulk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohsin-ul-Mulk"},{"link_name":"Bahadur Yar Jung","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahadur_Yar_Jung"},{"link_name":"Baba-e-Urdu Maulvi Abdul Haq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Haq_(Urdu_scholar)"},{"link_name":"Abdul Qayyum Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Qayyum_Khan"},{"link_name":"Abdur Rab Nishtar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdur_Rab_Nishtar"},{"link_name":"Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaudhry_Khaliquzzaman"},{"link_name":"Choudhary Rahmat Ali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choudhary_Rahmat_Ali"},{"link_name":"A. K. Fazlul Huq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq"},{"link_name":"Jamaat Ali Shah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaat_Ali_Shah"},{"link_name":"G. M. Syed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._M._Syed"},{"link_name":"Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazanfar_Ali_Khan"},{"link_name":"Jafar Khan Jamali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jafar_Khan_Jamali"},{"link_name":"Ghulam Bhik Nairang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghulam_Bhik_Nairang"},{"link_name":"Hasrat Mohani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasrat_Mohani"},{"link_name":"Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawab_Mohammad_Ismail_Khan"},{"link_name":"Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huseyn_Shaheed_Suhrawardy"},{"link_name":"Jogendra Nath Mandal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogendra_Nath_Mandal"},{"link_name":"K. H. Khurshid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._H._Khurshid"},{"link_name":"Khawaja Nazimuddin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khawaja_Nazimuddin"},{"link_name":"Mahmud Husain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Husain"},{"link_name":"Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Amir_Ahmed_Khan"},{"link_name":"Muhammad Zafarullah Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Zafarullah_Khan"},{"link_name":"Qazi Mohammad Isa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazi_Mohammad_Isa"},{"link_name":"Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%27ana_Liaquat_Ali_Khan"},{"link_name":"Ashraf Ali Thanwi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi"},{"link_name":"Shabbir Ahmad Usmani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani"},{"link_name":"Zafar Ali Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zafar_Ali_Khan"},{"link_name":"more","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Pakistan_Movement"},{"link_name":"Activists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Movement_activists"},{"link_name":"Hamid Nizami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamid_Nizami"},{"link_name":"Abdullah Haroon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Haroon"},{"link_name":"Yusuf Haroon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_Haroon"},{"link_name":"Mahmoud Haroon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Haroon"},{"link_name":"Altaf Husain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altaf_Husain"},{"link_name":"Adamjee Haji Dawood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamjee_Haji_Dawood"},{"link_name":"Muhammad Shafi Deobandi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Shafi_Deobandi"},{"link_name":"Zafar Ahmad Usmani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zafar_Ahmad_Usmani"},{"link_name":"Ahmed Ali Lahori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Ali_Lahori"},{"link_name":"Malik Barkat Ali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Barkat_Ali"},{"link_name":"Aslam Khattak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aslam_Khattak"},{"link_name":"Yusuf Khattak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_Khattak"},{"link_name":"Mian Iftikharuddin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mian_Iftikharuddin"},{"link_name":"Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahnawaz_Khan_Mamdot"},{"link_name":"Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iftikhar_Hussain_Khan_Mamdot"},{"link_name":"Sikandar Hayat Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikandar_Hayat_Khan"},{"link_name":"Shaukat Hayat Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaukat_Hayat_Khan"},{"link_name":"Muhammad Asad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Asad"},{"link_name":"Ziauddin Ahmad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziauddin_Ahmad"},{"link_name":"Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Ahmad_Haleem"},{"link_name":"Ghulam Rasool Mehr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghulam_Rasool_Mehr"},{"link_name":"Hakeem Mohammad Saeed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakim_Said"},{"link_name":"Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaudhry_Ghulam_Abbas"},{"link_name":"Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Abdul_Qayyum_Khan"},{"link_name":"Sardar Ibrahim Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardar_Ibrahim_Khan"},{"link_name":"Fida Mohammad Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fida_Mohammad_Khan"},{"link_name":"Sheikh Sir Abdul Qadir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_(Muslim_leader)"},{"link_name":"M. M. Sharif","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._M._Sharif"},{"link_name":"Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahibzada_Abdul_Qayyum"},{"link_name":"Jalaludin Abdur Rahim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalaludin_Abdur_Rahim"},{"link_name":"Z. A. Suleri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z._A._Suleri"},{"link_name":"G. Allana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._Allana"},{"link_name":"Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishtiaq_Hussain_Qureshi"},{"link_name":"Jalal Baba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_Baba"},{"link_name":"Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Abdul_Ghafoor_Hazarvi"},{"link_name":"Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Karam_Shah_al-Azhari"},{"link_name":"Amin ul-Hasanat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amin_ul-Hasanat"},{"link_name":"Syed Wajid Ali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Wajid_Ali"},{"link_name":"Hafeez Jalandhari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafeez_Jalandhari"},{"link_name":"Jahanara Shahnawaz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahanara_Shahnawaz"},{"link_name":"Lady Abdullah Haroon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Abdullah_Haroon"},{"link_name":"Muhammad Ismail Zabeeh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ismail_Zabeeh"},{"link_name":"Fatima Begum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatima_Begum_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Naseer Ahmad Malhi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naseer_Ahmad_Malhi"},{"link_name":"Ahmed Saeed Nagi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Saeed_Nagi"},{"link_name":"Niaz Ali Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niaz_Ali_Khan_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Amir Habibullah Khan Saadi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Habibullah_Khan_Saadi"},{"link_name":"Habib Rahimtoola","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habib_Rahimtoola"},{"link_name":"Sharif al Mujahid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharif_al_Mujahid"},{"link_name":"Fatima Sughra Begum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatima_Sughra_Begum"},{"link_name":"Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Sattar_Khan_Niazi"},{"link_name":"Viqar-un-Nisa Noon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viqar-un-Nisa_Noon"},{"link_name":"Amir Abdullah Khan Rokhri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Abdullah_Khan_Rokhri"},{"link_name":"Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Qadri_Badayuni"},{"link_name":"Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardar_Aurang_Zeb_Khan"},{"link_name":"more","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Movement_activists"},{"link_name":"Literature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Books_about_Pakistan"},{"link_name":"Idea of Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_of_Pakistan"},{"link_name":"Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinnah:_India,_Partition,_Independence"},{"link_name":"Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notes_on_Afghanistan_and_Baluchistan"},{"link_name":"Pakistan: A Personal History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan:_A_Personal_History"},{"link_name":"The Myth of Independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto"},{"link_name":"Pakistan: A Hard Country","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatol_Lieven"},{"link_name":"Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now_or_Never;_Are_We_to_Live_or_Perish_Forever%3F"},{"link_name":"Causes of Indian Mutiny of 1857","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan"},{"link_name":"Architecture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_symbols_of_Pakistan"},{"link_name":"Minar-e-Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minar-e-Pakistan"},{"link_name":"Bab-e-Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bab-e-Pakistan"},{"link_name":"Pakistan Monument","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Monument"},{"link_name":"Mazar-e-Quaid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-e-Quaid"},{"link_name":"Ziarat Residency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziarat_Residency"},{"link_name":"Iqbal's Tom'","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Muhammad_Iqbal"},{"link_name":"Wazir Mansion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wazir_Mansion"},{"link_name":"National Library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Pakistan"},{"link_name":"Deena Public Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaliq_Deena_Hall"},{"link_name":"Bab-e-Khyber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bab-e-Khyber"},{"link_name":"Jinnah Terminal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinnah_Terminal"},{"link_name":"In Memory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Pakistan"},{"link_name":"Youm-e-Pakistan (23 March)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Day"},{"link_name":"Youm-e-Dastur (10 April)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_Day"},{"link_name":"Youm-e-Takbir (28 May)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youm-e-Takbir"},{"link_name":"Youm-e-Azadi (14 August)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(Pakistan)"},{"link_name":"Youm-e-Difah (6 September)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Day"},{"link_name":"Youm-e-Tasees (24 October)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir_Day"},{"link_name":"Youm-e-Iqbal (9 November)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iqbal_Day"},{"link_name":"Youm-e-Viladat (25 December)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara_Din"}],"text":"Francis Robinson (1997), The Muslims and Partition, History Today, Vol. 47\nPakistan Journal of History and Culture, Volume 19, Pakistan: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, 1998, p. 124vtePakistan MovementHistory of Pakistan (timeline: 1947–present)History\nEast India Company\nIndian Rebellion of 1857\nDeobandi Movement\nBarelvi Movement\nAligarh Movement\nUrdu movement\nPartition of Bengal\nLucknow Pact\nKhilafat Movement\nShuddhi movement\nNehru Report\nFourteen Points of Jinnah\nAllahabad Address\nNow or Never pamphlet\nWorld War II\nTwo nation theory\nRound Table Conferences\nLahore Resolution\nDirect Action Day\nMuslim nationalism in South Asia\nCabinet Mission\nIndian Independence Act\nPartition of India\nRadcliffe Line\nDurand Line\nObjectives Resolution\nIndependence\nPakistani monarchy\nRepublic Day\nKashmir conflict\nNational symbols\nConstitution of Pakistan\nBritish heritage\nThe leaders of the Muslim League, 1940. Jinnah is seated at centre.Flag of PakistanState emblem of PakistanOrganisations\nMuslim League\nPunjab Branch\nBengal Branch\nUnionist\nStudent Federations\nKhaksars\nRenaissance Society\nPhilosophical Congress\nDawn newspaper\nDaily Jang newspaper\nNawa-i-Waqt newspaper\nZamindar newspaper\nLeaders\nSir Syed Ahmad Khan\nAga Khan III\nKhwaja Salimullah (Nawab Salimullah)\nSyed Ameer Ali\nMohammad Ali Jauhar\nMaulana Shaukat Ali\nHakim Ajmal Khan\nMuhammad Iqbal\nMuhammad Ali Jinnah\nFatima Jinnah\nLiaquat Ali Khan\nSadeq Mohammad Khan V\nMian Muhammad Shafi\nMian Abdul Rashid\nNawab Waqar-ul-Mulk Kamboh\nMohsin-ul-Mulk\nBahadur Yar Jung\nBaba-e-Urdu Maulvi Abdul Haq\nAbdul Qayyum Khan\nAbdur Rab Nishtar\nChaudhry Khaliquzzaman\nChoudhary Rahmat Ali\nA. K. Fazlul Huq\nJamaat Ali Shah\nG. M. Syed\nRaja Ghazanfar Ali Khan\nJafar Khan Jamali\nGhulam Bhik Nairang\nHasrat Mohani\nNawab Mohammad Ismail Khan\nHuseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy\nJogendra Nath Mandal\nK. H. Khurshid\nKhawaja Nazimuddin\nMahmud Husain\nMohammad Amir Ahmed Khan\nMuhammad Zafarullah Khan\nQazi Mohammad Isa\nRa'ana Liaquat Ali Khan\nAshraf Ali Thanwi\nShabbir Ahmad Usmani\nZafar Ali Khan\nmore\nActivists\nHamid Nizami\nAbdullah Haroon\nYusuf Haroon\nMahmoud Haroon\nAltaf Husain\nAdamjee Haji Dawood\nMuhammad Shafi Deobandi\nZafar Ahmad Usmani\nAhmed Ali Lahori\nMalik Barkat Ali\nAslam Khattak\nYusuf Khattak\nMian Iftikharuddin\nShahnawaz Khan Mamdot\nIftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot\nSikandar Hayat Khan\nShaukat Hayat Khan\nMuhammad Asad\nZiauddin Ahmad\nAbu Bakr Ahmad Haleem\nMaulana Ghulam Rasool Mehr\nHakeem Mohammad Saeed\nChaudhry Ghulam Abbas\nMuhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan\nSardar Ibrahim Khan\nFida Mohammad Khan\nSheikh Sir Abdul Qadir\nM. M. Sharif\nSahibzada Abdul Qayyum\nJalaludin Abdur Rahim\nZ. A. Suleri\nG. Allana\nIshtiaq Hussain Qureshi\nJalal Baba of NWFP\nMohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi\nMuhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari\nAmin ul-Hasanat (Pir of Manki Sharif)\nSyed Wajid Ali\nHafeez Jalandhari\nJahanara Shahnawaz\nLady Abdullah Haroon\nMuhammad Ismail Zabeeh\nFatima Begum\nNaseer Ahmad Malhi\nAhmed Saeed Nagi\nNiaz Ali Khan\nAmir Habibullah Khan Saadi\nHabib Rahimtoola\nSharif al Mujahid\nFatima Sughra Begum\nAbdul Sattar Khan Niazi\nViqar-un-Nisa Noon\nAmir Abdullah Khan Rokhri\nAbdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni\nSardar Aurang Zeb Khan\nmore\nLiterature\nIdea of Pakistan\nJinnah: India, Partition, Independence\nNotes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan\nPakistan: A Personal History\nThe Myth of Independence\nPakistan: A Hard Country\nNow or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?\nCauses of Indian Mutiny of 1857\nArchitecture\nMinar-e-Pakistan\nBab-e-Pakistan\nPakistan Monument\nMazar-e-Quaid\nZiarat Residency\nIqbal's Tom'\nWazir Mansion\nNational Library\nDeena Public Hall\nBab-e-Khyber\nJinnah Terminal\nIn Memory\nYoum-e-Pakistan (23 March)\nYoum-e-Dastur (10 April)\nYoum-e-Takbir (28 May)\nYoum-e-Azadi (14 August)\nYoum-e-Difah (6 September)\nYoum-e-Tasees (24 October)\nYoum-e-Iqbal (9 November)\nYoum-e-Viladat (25 December)","title":"Bibliography"}]
|
[{"image_text":"The leaders of the Muslim League, 1940. Jinnah is seated at centre.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party%2C_1940_%28Photo_429-6%29.jpg/70px-Muslim_League_leaders_after_a_dinner_party%2C_1940_%28Photo_429-6%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Flag of Pakistan","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/70px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png"},{"image_text":"State emblem of Pakistan","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/70px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png"}]
|
[{"title":"All-India Muslim League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League"},{"title":"Balochistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochistan_(Pakistan)"},{"title":"Lahore Resolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Resolution"},{"title":"Qazi Faez Isa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazi_Faez_Isa"},{"title":"Supreme Court of Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan"},{"title":"Ashraf Jehangir Qazi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Jehangir_Qazi"},{"title":"History of Quetta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Quetta"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"A glance at Isa's journey\". The Express Tribune. 17 September 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://tribune.com.pk/story/2436399/a-glance-at-isas-journey","url_text":"\"A glance at Isa's journey\""}]},{"reference":"Javed, Saleem (29 June 2012). \"Hope fades away for Hazaras of Pakistan\". Dawn. Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2020. Hazaras also played an important role in the formation of Pakistan. A Hazara politician, Qazi Mohammad Essa (his son, Faiz Essa, is the present Chief Justice of Balochistan High Court), was the founder of Balochistan Muslim League who represented Balochistan in Lahore Resolution in 1940.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dawn.com/news/730474/hope-fades-away-for-hazaras-of-pakistan","url_text":"\"Hope fades away for Hazaras of Pakistan\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190221084927/https://www.dawn.com/news/730474/hope-fades-away-for-hazaras-of-pakistan","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Profile of Qazi Mohaammad Isa\". cybercity-online.net website. 26 October 2003. Archived from the original on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101122083440/http://cybercity-online.net/pof/qazi_mohammad_isa.html","url_text":"\"Profile of Qazi Mohaammad Isa\""},{"url":"http://cybercity-online.net/pof/qazi_mohammad_isa.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, Volume 19, Pakistan: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, 1998, p. 124","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Ne5tAAAAMAAJ","url_text":"Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, Volume 19"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan","url_text":"Pakistan"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://storyofpakistan.com/qazi-mohammad-isa/","external_links_name":"Profile of Qazi Muhammad Essa on storyofpakistan.com website"},{"Link":"http://www.humsafar.info/pio_qazi_mohammad_isa.php","external_links_name":"http://www.humsafar.info/pio_qazi_mohammad_isa.php"},{"Link":"https://tribune.com.pk/story/2436399/a-glance-at-isas-journey","external_links_name":"\"A glance at Isa's journey\""},{"Link":"https://www.dawn.com/news/730474/hope-fades-away-for-hazaras-of-pakistan","external_links_name":"\"Hope fades away for Hazaras of Pakistan\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190221084927/https://www.dawn.com/news/730474/hope-fades-away-for-hazaras-of-pakistan","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.supremecourt.gov.pk/judges/honorable-judges/mr-justice-qazi-faez-isa/","external_links_name":"Profile of Justice Qazi Faez Isa (son of Qazi Muhammad Essa) on supremecourt.gov.pk website"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210827224926/https://www.supremecourt.gov.pk/judges/honorable-judges/mr-justice-qazi-faez-isa/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.sbp.org.pk/Museum/frmftr.htm","external_links_name":"1990 Pioneers Of Freedom Series commemorative postage stamps on State Bank of Pakistan Museum website"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101122083440/http://cybercity-online.net/pof/qazi_mohammad_isa.html","external_links_name":"\"Profile of Qazi Mohaammad Isa\""},{"Link":"http://cybercity-online.net/pof/qazi_mohammad_isa.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Ne5tAAAAMAAJ","external_links_name":"Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, Volume 19"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._E._P._de_Mel
|
H. E. P. de Mel
|
["1 References"]
|
Ceylonese politician (1907–1992)
Hon.Hugh Edmund Peter de MelMember of the Ceylonese Parliamentfor TalawakeIn office1952–1956Preceded byC. V. VelupillaiSucceeded byK. Hemachandra
Personal detailsBorn(1907-06-17)17 June 1907Moratuwa, CeylonDied27 September 1992(1992-09-27) (aged 85)Colombo, Sri LankaNationalityCeylonesePolitical partyUnited National PartySpouseSusima Swarnamalie née Dias (m.1931; d.1967)RelationsCornelis Francis de Mel (father), Jane Maria (mother), Joseph Ford Francis (brother), Lena Catherine Maria Perera (sister)ChildrenRanjanie Mendis (daughter), Jayampathie (son), Sunitha Rodrigo (daughter)Residence(s)'Melgreen' Koralawella, MoratuwaAlma materPrince of Wales College, MoratuwaProfessionManufacturer, politician
Hugh Edmund Peter de Mel (17 June 1907 – 27 September 1992) was a Ceylonese politician.
Hugh Edmund Peter de Mel, was born 17 June 1907 in Moratuwa, the son of Cornelis Francis de Mel, and brother of Joseph Ford Francis, all of whom were key figures in the country's safety match industry. In 1929 de Mel established the Lanka Light Match factory in Moratuwa. He married Susima Swarnamalie née Dias, in 1931.
De Mel ran as the United National Party candidate at the 2nd parliamentary election, held between 24 May 1952 and 30 May 1952, in the Talawake electorate. He was successful polling 1,198 votes (54% of the total vote) 352 votes clear of his nearest rival.
At the subsequent 3rd parliamentary election, held between 5 April 1956 and 10 April 1956, de Mel chose to contest the seat of Moratuwa rather than Talawake. He was unsuccessful in his bid, losing to the Lanka Sama Samaja Party candidate, Meryl Fernando, by 7,718 votes. Fernando, a trade unionist, having earlier tried to organise workers at de Mel's match factory in 1945.
De Mel served on the Executive Council of the Ceylon National Chamber of Industries as Deputy Chairman for a number of years in the 1960s.
References
^ "Hon. de Mel, Hugh Edmund Peter, M.P." Parliament of Sri Lanka. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
^ "Members of the Legislatures of Sri Lanka, 1931-83: Record of Service". Parliament of Sri Lanka. 1983: 124. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ a b De Mel, V. S. M. (1980). Through the vistas of life - Reminiscences of a Ceylonese civil servant. p. 20.
^ "Administration Report of the Commissioner of Labour for 1944". Ceylon Government Press. 1944: 21. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Jansze, Malcolm. "Sri Lanka Sinhalese Family Genealogy - Rodrigo". WorldGenWeb. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
^ "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1952" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
^ "The Ceylon Historical Journal". 2. Tisara Prakasakayo. 1952: 158. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1956" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
^ Plant, J. J. "Obituary: Meryl Fernando (1923–2007)". Marxists Internet Archive.
^ "Industrial Ceylon". Ceylon National Chamber of Industries. 1968: 118, 210, 300. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
vte← Members of the 2nd Parliament of Ceylon (1952 (1952)–1956) →
Speaker: Albert Peries
Prime Minister: Dudley Senanayake/John Kotelawala
Leader of the Opposition: S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike
Central Province (15)
Bernard Aluwihare
M. D. Banda
H. E. P. de Mel
M. W. R. de Silva
Robert Edward Jayatilaka
C. A. S. Marikkar
E. A. Nugawela
T. B. Panabokke
H. B. Rambukwella
Abeyratne Ratnayaka
E. L. Senanayake
Fredrick de Silva
P. H. C. Silva
P. P. Sumanatilaka
H. B. Tenne
Ukku Banda Unamboowe
Eastern Province (7)
M. M. Ebrahim
R. B. Kadramer
A. M. Merza
M. E. H. Mohamed Ali
V. Nalliah
N. R. Rajavarothiam
S. M. Rasamanickam
Northern Province (9)
V. Kumaraswamy
S. Natesan
G. G. Ponnambalam
T. Ramalingam
C. Sittampalam
C. Suntharalingam
Alfred Thambiayah
C. Vanniasingam
V. Veerasingam
North Central Province (5)
P. B. Bulankulame
C. P. de Silva
S. H. Mahadiulwewa
T. B. Poholiyadde
Maithripala Senanayake
North Western Province (10)
Shirley Corea
Ivan Dassanayake
Kavisena Herath
I. M. R. A. Iriyagolle
Hameed Hussain Sheikh Ismail
John Kotelawala
Albert Peries
Richard Gotabhaya Senanayake
Tikiri Banda Subasinghe
Dingiri Bandara Welagedara
Sabaragamuwa Province (10)
C. E. Attygalle
C. R. Beligammana
N. H. Keerthiratne
A. E. B. Kiriella
E. W. Mathew
Alexander Francis Molamure
N. M. Perera
Edmund Samarakkody
Dudley Senanayake
Harold Weragama
Southern Province (12)
Henry Abeywickrema
Wijeyananda Dahanayake
Neal de Alwis
William de Silva
Ian de Zoysa
C. A. Dharmapala
Charles Edirisuriya
Montague Jayawickrama
D. A. Rajapaksa
V. G. W. Ratnayake
Mahanama Samaraweera
Doreen Young Wickremasinghe
Uva Province (7)
M. B. Bambarapane
Leo Fernando
Gladwin Kotelawala
J. C. T. Kotelawala
S. A. Peeris
J. A. Rambukpota
E. B. Dimbulane
Wilfred A. Ratwatte
K. D. Sugathadasa
Western Province (20)
A. N. D. A. Abeysinghe
John Amaratunga
S. D. Bandaranayake
S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike
Somaweera Chandrasiri
P. Andrew Cooray
Razik Fareed
Kusumasiri Gunawardena
Robert Gunawardena
S. de Silva Jayasinghe
D. P. Jayasuriya
M. D. H. Jayawardena
T. F. Jayewardene
J. R. Jayewardene
M. C. M. Kaleel
C. W. W. Kannangara
D. C. W. Kannangara
Pieter Keuneman
Cyril E. S. Perera
Wilmot A. Perera
Appointed (6)
R. P. Gaddum
Rosslyn Koch
J. R. Murray
V. R. S. Schokman
Robert Singleton-Salmon
A. C. Tutein-Nolthenius
S. P. Vythilingam
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"safety match","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match#Safety_matches"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-De_Mel-3"},{"link_name":"Moratuwa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moratuwa"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-De_Mel-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"United National Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_National_Party"},{"link_name":"2nd parliamentary election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Ceylonese_parliamentary_election"},{"link_name":"Talawake electorate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talawakelle_Electoral_District"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"3rd parliamentary election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Ceylonese_parliamentary_election"},{"link_name":"Moratuwa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moratuwa_Electoral_District"},{"link_name":"Lanka Sama Samaja Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party"},{"link_name":"Meryl Fernando","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meryl_Fernando"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MIA-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"Hugh Edmund Peter de Mel (17 June 1907 – 27 September 1992) was a Ceylonese politician.[1][2]Hugh Edmund Peter de Mel, was born 17 June 1907 in Moratuwa, the son of Cornelis Francis de Mel, and brother of Joseph Ford Francis, all of whom were key figures in the country's safety match industry.[3] In 1929 de Mel established the Lanka Light Match factory in Moratuwa.[3][4] He married Susima Swarnamalie née Dias,[5] in 1931.De Mel ran as the United National Party candidate at the 2nd parliamentary election, held between 24 May 1952 and 30 May 1952, in the Talawake electorate. He was successful polling 1,198 votes (54% of the total vote) 352 votes clear of his nearest rival.[6][7]At the subsequent 3rd parliamentary election, held between 5 April 1956 and 10 April 1956, de Mel chose to contest the seat of Moratuwa rather than Talawake. He was unsuccessful in his bid, losing to the Lanka Sama Samaja Party candidate, Meryl Fernando, by 7,718 votes.[8] Fernando, a trade unionist, having earlier tried to organise workers at de Mel's match factory in 1945.[9]De Mel served on the Executive Council of the Ceylon National Chamber of Industries as Deputy Chairman for a number of years in the 1960s.[10]","title":"H. E. P. de Mel"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Hon. de Mel, Hugh Edmund Peter, M.P.\" Parliament of Sri Lanka. Retrieved 20 June 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.parliament.lk/en/members-of-parliament/directory-of-past-members/viewMember/2150","url_text":"\"Hon. de Mel, Hugh Edmund Peter, M.P.\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka","url_text":"Parliament of Sri Lanka"}]},{"reference":"\"Members of the Legislatures of Sri Lanka, 1931-83: Record of Service\". Parliament of Sri Lanka. 1983: 124.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka","url_text":"Parliament of Sri Lanka"}]},{"reference":"De Mel, V. S. M. (1980). Through the vistas of life - Reminiscences of a Ceylonese civil servant. p. 20.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Administration Report of the Commissioner of Labour for 1944\". Ceylon Government Press. 1944: 21.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Jansze, Malcolm. \"Sri Lanka Sinhalese Family Genealogy - Rodrigo\". WorldGenWeb. Retrieved 3 July 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.worldgenweb.org/lkawgw/gen3792.html","url_text":"\"Sri Lanka Sinhalese Family Genealogy - Rodrigo\""}]},{"reference":"\"Result of Parliamentary General Election 1952\" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Retrieved 2 July 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.slelections.gov.lk/web/images/pdf/general-election-results/general-election-1952.pdf","url_text":"\"Result of Parliamentary General Election 1952\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Ceylon Historical Journal\". 2. Tisara Prakasakayo. 1952: 158.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Result of Parliamentary General Election 1956\" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Retrieved 2 July 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.slelections.gov.lk/web/images/pdf/general-election-results/general-election-1956.pdf","url_text":"\"Result of Parliamentary General Election 1956\""}]},{"reference":"Plant, J. J. \"Obituary: Meryl Fernando (1923–2007)\". Marxists Internet Archive.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/revhist/backiss/vol9/no4/plant.html","url_text":"\"Obituary: Meryl Fernando (1923–2007)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Industrial Ceylon\". Ceylon National Chamber of Industries. 1968: 118, 210, 300.","urls":[]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.parliament.lk/en/members-of-parliament/directory-of-past-members/viewMember/2150","external_links_name":"\"Hon. de Mel, Hugh Edmund Peter, M.P.\""},{"Link":"http://www.worldgenweb.org/lkawgw/gen3792.html","external_links_name":"\"Sri Lanka Sinhalese Family Genealogy - Rodrigo\""},{"Link":"http://www.slelections.gov.lk/web/images/pdf/general-election-results/general-election-1952.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Result of Parliamentary General Election 1952\""},{"Link":"http://www.slelections.gov.lk/web/images/pdf/general-election-results/general-election-1956.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Result of Parliamentary General Election 1956\""},{"Link":"https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/revhist/backiss/vol9/no4/plant.html","external_links_name":"\"Obituary: Meryl Fernando (1923–2007)\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Clogher_(Church_of_Ireland)
|
Bishop of Clogher
|
["1 History","2 Present Ordinaries","3 Pre-Reformation bishops","4 Post-Reformation bishops","4.1 Church of Ireland succession","4.2 Roman Catholic succession","5 See also","6 Citations","7 References"]
|
Northern Irish episcopal titles
The Cathedral Church of Saint Macartan, Clogher, the episcopal seat of the pre-Reformation and Church of Ireland bishops.
The Cathedral Church of Saint Macartan, Monaghan, the episcopal seat of the Post-Reformation Roman Catholic bishops.
The Bishop of Clogher is an episcopal title which takes its name after the village of Clogher in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Following the Reformation, there are now parallel apostolic successions: one of the Church of Ireland and the other of the Roman Catholic Church.
History
Clogher is one of the twenty-four dioceses established at the Synod of Ráth Breasail in 1111 and consists of much of south west Ulster, taking in most of counties Fermanagh and Monaghan and parts of Tyrone, Cavan, Leitrim and Donegal. Frequently in the Irish annals the Bishop of Clogher was styled the Bishop of Oirialla. Between c. 1140 to c. 1190, County Louth was transferred from the see of Armagh to the see of Clogher. During this period the Bishop of Clogher used the style Bishop of Louth. The title Bishop of Clogher was resumed after 1193, when County Louth was restored to the see of Armagh.
Present Ordinaries
In the Church of Ireland
The present Church of Ireland bishop is the Right Reverend Dr. Ian W. Ellis, elected in September 2020 and consecrated in April 2021 The Church of Ireland bishop is unique in having two diocesan cathedrals within a single diocese, with one Dean and chapter between them: the Cathedral Church of Saint Macartin, Enniskillen and the Cathedral Church of Saint Macartan, Clogher.
In the Roman Catholic Church
The current Roman Catholic bishop is the Most Reverend Lawrence Duffy who was appointed by the Holy See on 8 December 2018 and ordained bishop on 10 February 2019. The Roman Catholic bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Macartan, Monaghan.
Pre-Reformation bishops
Pre-Reformation Bishops of Clogher
From
Until
Incumbent
Notes
unknown
1135
Cináeth Ua Baígill
Died in office.
1135
1138
Christian of Clogher
Irish: Gilla Críst Ua Morgair; died in office.
1138
1140
Áed Ua Cáellaide
Edanus; Canon Regular; styled Bishop of Louth from 1140.
Bishops of Louth
From
Until
Incumbent
Notes
1140
1178
Áed Ua Cáellaide
Resigned before May 1178; died in office on 29 March 1182.
1178
1186/87
Mael Ísu Ua Cerbaill
Maelisu O'Carroll; Malachias; elected before 18 May 1178; also Archbishop of Armagh from 1184; died in office.
c.1187
1193
Gilla Críst Ua Mucaráin
Christianus; died in office.
Pre-Reformation Bishops of Clogher
From
Until
Incumbent
Notes
1194
1197
Máel Ísu Ua Máel Chiaráin OCist
Died in office.
c.1197
1218
Gilla Tigernaig Mac Gilla Rónáin
Thomas; died in office.
c.1218
1227
Donatus Ó Fidabra
Donat Fury; Donat O'Feery; translated to Armagh c. August 1227
1227
1240
Nehemias Ó Brácáin OCist
Elected in September 1227; consecrated c. 1228; died in office before 15 November 1240.
1240
1245
See vacant
Probably due to the action by Donatus Archbishop of Armagh who was seeking to unite the two sees of Armagh and Clogher.
c.1245
1267
David Ó Brácáin OCist
Elected c. 1245; died in office.
1268
1287
Michael Mac an tSáir
Elected in 1268; consecrated 9 September 1268; resigned before 1287; died 1288.
1287
c.1310
Matthaeus Mac Cathasaig (I)
Elected in 1287; consecrated 29 June 1287; died in office.
fl. 1310
c.1316
Henricus
Died in office.
c.1316
1319
Gelasius
Cornelius Ó Bánáin; elected and consecrated c. 1316; died in office.
1320
1356
Nicolaus Mac Cathasaigh
Elected on 23 February 1320; consecrated in 1320; died in office.
1356
1358
Brian Mac Cathmhaoil
Bernardus; elected after September 1356; appointed c. 1357; died in office.
c. 1361
unknown
Matthaeus Mac Cathasaigh (II)
Elected c. 1361; consecrated after February 1362.
unknown
1369
Aodh Ó hEóthaigh
Odo (or Hugh) Ó Neill; died on 27 July 1369.
1373
c. 1389
Johannes Ó Corcráin OSB
Johannes Würzburg; appointed on 6 April 1373; died in office.
1390
1432
Art Mac Cathmhaoil
Appointed on 15 February 1390; consecrated before 28 April 1390; died in office on 10 August 1432.
1433
1447
Piaras Mag Uidhir
Petrus; appointed on 31 August 1433; resigned before July 1447; died in office on 5 December 1450.
1447
1483
Rossa mac Tomáis Óig Mág Uidhir
Rogerius; Ross Maguire; appointed on 21 July 1447; consecrated before 6 January 1450; died in office.
1475
Florence Woolley OSB
Appointed on 20 November 1475 on apparently the false news of Rossa's resignation; did not gain possession of the see; acted as a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Norwich from 1478 until his death in 1500.
1484
Niall mac Séamuis Mac Mathghamhna
Appointed before 14 June 1484, but the papal bulls were not expedited; died in 1488.
1484
1502
John Edmund de Courcy OFM
Appointed 14 June 1484; papal bulls expedited 12 September 1484; also Bishop of Ross from 26 September 1492.
1494
Séamus mac Pilib Mac Mathghamhna
James McMahon; appointed on 5 November 1494, but did take effect; later became Bishop of Derry on 26 November 1503.
1500
1502
Andreas (coadjutor)
Appointed coadjutor on 10 June 1500 to Bishop de Courcy; the see was declared void by the resignation of de Courcy when Ó Cluainín was appointed.
1502
1503
Nehemias Ó Cluainín OESA
Appointed on 24 January 1502; resigned.
1504
1504
Giolla Pádraig Ó Connálaigh
Appointed on 6 March 1504; died before December 1504; also known as Patricius.
1505
1515
Eoghan Mac Cathmhaoil
Eugenius; Owen McCaul; appointed on 4 April 1505; died in office.
1517
1534
Pádraig Ó Cuilín OESA
Patrick O'Cullen; appointed on 11 February 1517; died in office before 26 March 1534.
Source(s):
Post-Reformation bishops
Church of Ireland succession
Church of Ireland Bishops of Clogher
From
Until
Incumbent
Notes
1535
1569
Hugh O'Carolan
Appointment by Pope Paul III on 6 August 1535; consecrated in January 1537; renounced papal appointment on 1 October 1542; confirmed (re-appointed) by King Henry VIII on 8 October 1542; died in office.
1570
1571
Miler Magrath
Roman Catholic Bishop of Down and Connor; accepted royal supremacy in 1567; appointed to Clogher by letters patent on 18 September 1570; translated to Cashel on 3 February 1571.
1571
1603
See vacant
1603
Denis Campbell
Dean of Limerick; nominated to Clogher, Derry and Raphoe in 1603, but died before consecration in July 1603.
1603
1605
See vacant
1605
1621
George Montgomery
Nominated on 15 February 1605 and appointed by letters patent on 13 June 1605; also held Derry and Raphoe 1605 to 1609, and Meath 1609 to 1621; died in office 15 January 1621.
1621
1645
James Spottiswood
Nominated on 20 January 1621; mandate for consecration on 22 October 1621; died in office in March 1645; his brother John was Archbishop of St Andrews 1615–1639.
1645
1661
Henry Jones
Nominated on 29 September and consecrated on 9 November 1645; translated to Meath on 25 May 1661; his father Lewis was Bishop of Killaloe 1633–1646.
1661
1671
John Leslie
Translated from Raphoe; nominated on 29 April 1661 and appointed by letters patent on 17 June 1661; died in office on 8 September 1671.
1671
1672
Robert Leslie
Translated from Raphoe; appointed by letters patent on 26 October 1671; died in office on 10 August 1672.
1672
1687
Roger Boyle
Translated from Down and Connor; nominated on 29 August 1672 and appointed by letters patent on 19 September 1672; died in office on 26 November 1687.
1687
1690
See vacant
1691
1697
Richard Tennison
Translated from Killala and Achonry; nominated on 4 December 1690 and appointed by letters patent on 28 February 1691; translated to Meath on 25 June 1697.
1697
1717
St George Ashe
Translated from Cloyne; nominated on 1 June 1697 and appointed by letters patent 25 June 1697; translated to Derry on 25 February 1717.
1717
1745
John Stearne
Translated from Dromore; nominated on 28 February 1717 and appointed by letters patent on 30 March 1717; died in office on 6 June 1745.
1745
1758
Robert Clayton
Translated from Cork and Ross; nominated on 3 August 1745 and appointed by letters patent on 26 August 1745; died in office on 26 February 1758.
1758
1782
John Garnett
Translated from Ferns and Leighlin; nominated on 14 March 1758 and appointed by letters patent on 4 April 1758; died in office on 1 March 1782.
1782
1795
John Hotham
Translated from Ossory; nominated on 11 April 1782 and appointed by letters patent on 17 May 1782; also succeeded as 9th Baronet Hotham of Scorborough on 25 January 1794; died in office on 3 November 1795.
1796
1797
William Foster
Translated from Kilmore; nominated on 26 December 1795 and appointed by letters patent on 21 January 1796; died in office before 4 November 1797.
1797
1819
John Porter
Translated to Killala and Achonry; nominated on 18 December 1797 and appointed by letters on 30 December 1797; died in office on 27 July 1819.
1819
1820
The Lord John Beresford
Translated from Raphoe; nominated on 29 August 1819 and appointed by letters patent on 25 September 1819; translated to Dublin & Glendalough on 21 April 1820
1820
1822
The Hon Percy Jocelyn
Translated from Ferns and Leighlin; nominated and appointed by letters patent on 3 April 1820; deprived of the see on 21 October 1822; died on 2 December 1843.
1822
1850
The Lord Robert Tottenham
Translated from Ferns and Leighlin; nominated on 26 November 1822 and appointed by letters patent on 21 December 1822; died in office on 28 April 1850.
1850
1886
During this period the Diocese of Clogher was united to the Diocese of Armagh.
1886
1902
Charles Stack
Elected on 4 June 1886 and consecrated on 29 June 1886; resigned on 31 December 1902; died on 9 January 1914.
1903
1907
Charles D'Arcy
Elected on 21 January and consecrated on 24 February 1903; translated to Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin on 6 November 1907.
1908
1923
Maurice Day
Elected on 19 December 1907 and consecrated 25 January 1908; died in office on 27 May 1923.
1923
1943
James MacManaway
Elected on 9 November and consecrated on 6 August 1923; resigned on 30 September 1943; died on 29 November 1947.
1944
1958
Richard Tyner
Elected on 9 November 1943 and consecrated on 6 January 1944; died in office on 6 April 1958.
1958
1969
Alan Buchanan
Elected on 17 June and consecrated on 29 September 1958; translated to Dublin & Glendalough on 22 November 1969.
1970
1973
Richard Hanson
Elected on 9 December 1969 and consecrated on 17 March 1970; resigned on 31 March 1973.
1973
1980
Robert Heavener
Elected on 4 May and consecrated on 29 June 1973; retired on 31 May 1980; died on 8 March 2005.
1980
1986
Gordon McMullan
Elected on 13 June and consecrated on 7 September 1980; translated to Down and Dromore in 1986.
1986
2001
Brian Hannon
Elected and consecrated in 1986; retired on 5 October 2001.
2002
2011
Michael Jackson
Elected on 21 November 2001 and consecrated on 6 March 2002; translated to Dublin & Glendalough on 8 May 2011
2011
2020
John McDowell
Appointed by the House of Bishops on 30 May 2011 and consecrated on 23 September 2011. Translated to Armagh on 28 April 2020.
2021
present
Ian Ellis
Elected by the House of Bishops on 9 November 2020 and consecrated on 26 April 2021.
Source(s):
Roman Catholic succession
Roman Catholic Bishops of Clogher
From
Until
Incumbent
Notes
1546
c.1560
Raymund MacMahon
Appointed on 27 August 1546; died in office.
1560
c. 1592
Cornelius MacArdel
Appointed on 29 May 1560; died in office.
1592
1609
See vacant
1609
1611
Eugene Matthews
Appointed on 31 August 1609; translated to Dublin on 2 May 1611.
1611
1622
See vacant
1622
unknown
Patrick Quinn (vicar apostolic)
Appointed vicar apostolic to administer the see by papal brief on 30 July 1622.
1627
1642
Heber MacMahon (vicar apostolic)
Appointed vicar apostolic to administer the see by papal brief on 17 November 1627; translated to Down and Connor on 10 March 1642.
1642
1643
See vacant
1643
1650
Heber MacMahon (again)
Translated from Down and Connor on 27 June 1643; died in office on 17 July 1650.
1651
unknown
Philip Crolly (vicar apostolic)
Appointed vicar apostolic to administer the see by papal brief on 15 November 1651 and re-appointed on 17 April 1657.
1671
1675
Patrick Duffy OFM
Appointed on 26 May 1671; died in office on 1 August 1675.
1676
1689
Patrick Tyrrell OFM
Appointed on 13 May 1676; also became apostolic administrator of Kilmore 1678–1689; translated to Meath on 24 January 1689.
1689
1707
See vacant
1707
1715
Hugh MacMahon
Appointed on 15 March 1707; translated to Armagh on 5 July 1715.
1715
1727
See vacant
1727
1737
Bernard MacMahon
Appointed on 7 April 1727; translated to Armagh on 8 November 1737.
1738
1747
Ross MacMahon
Appointed on 17 May 1738; translated to Armagh on 3 August 1747.
1747
1778
Daniel O'Reilly
Appointed on 11 September 1747; died in office on 24 March 1778.
1778
1801
Hugh O'Reilly
Previously appointed coadjutor bishop on 16 May 1777; succeeded diocesan bishop on 24 March 1778; died on 3 November 1801.
1801
1824
James Murphy
Previously appointed coadjutor bishop in May 1798; succeeded diocesan bishop on 3 November 1801; died in office on 19 November 1824.
1824
1844
Edward Kernan
Previously appointed coadjutor bishop on 18 August 1816 and consecrated on 11 (or 12) April 1818; succeeded diocesan bishop on 19 November 1824; died in office on 20 February 1844.
1844
1864
Charles McNally
Previously appointed coadjutor bishop on 21 July 1843 and consecrated on 5 November 1843; succeeded diocesan bishop on 20 February 1844; died in office on 20 November 1864.
1864
1893
James Donnelly
Appointed on 11 December 1864 and consecrated on 26 February 1865; died in office on 29 December 1893.
1894
1909
Richard Owens
Appointed on 6 July 1894 and consecrated on 26 August 1894; died in office on 3 March 1909
1909
1942
Patrick McKenna
Appointed on 12 June 1909 and consecrated on 10 October 1909; died in office on 7 February 1942.
1943
1969
Eugene O'Callaghan
Appointed on 17 February 1943 and consecrated on 4 April 1943; resigned 3 December 1969; died in office on 21 May 1973.
1969
1979
Patrick Mulligan
Appointed on 3 December 1969 and consecrated on 18 January 1870; resigned on 3 September 1979; died on 21 January 1991.
1979
2010
Joseph Duffy
Appointed on 7 July 1979 and consecrated on 2 September 1979; resigned on 6 May 2010.
2010
2016
Liam MacDaid
Appointed on 6 May 2010 and consecrated on 25 July 2010; resigned on 1 October 2016.
2016
2018
Sede vacante
2018
Lawrence Duffy
Appointed on 8 December 2018 and consecrated on 10 February 2019.
Source(s):
See also
Christianity portalCatholicism portal
Diocese of Clogher (Church of Ireland)
Roman Catholic Diocese of Clogher
Citations
^ https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/people/rev-ian-ellis-to-be-enthroned-bishop-of-clogher-3832327.
^ "St. Macartin's Cathedral, Enniskillen". Church of Ireland. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
^ "St. Macartin's Cathedral, Enniskillen". enniskillencathedral.com. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
^ "St. Macartan's Cathedral (Monaghan)". Parish of Monaghan and Rackwallace. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
^ "St. Macartin's Cathedral, Monaghan". ARCHiSEEK. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
^ a b "Historical successions: Clogher". Crockford's Clerical Directory. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
^ Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, pp. 337–339.
^ Cotton 1849, The Province of Ulster, pp. 73–77.
^ Moody, Martin & Byrne 1984, A New History of Ireland, volume IX, pp. 273–275.
^ "Standing Committee News – March 2005". Church of Ireland. 15 March 2005.
^ Neill, Matthew (1995). "Rt Rev Gordon McMullan". Ecclesia De Drum: Recollections of the Parish of Drumbeg, Diocese of Down. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
^ "Clogher Diocese says farewell to retiring bishop". Church of Ireland. 15 March 2005.
^ Church of Ireland – A province of the Anglican Communion. Ireland.anglican.org. Retrieved on 23 July 2013.
^ "Welcome Archbishop John".
^ "New Bishop of Clogher Ian W Ellis 'humbled' by his election". Belfast Telegraph. 10 November 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
^ Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, pp. 382–383.
^ Cotton 1849, The Province of Ulster, pp. 77–84.
^ Moody, Martin & Byrne 1984, A New History of Ireland, volume IX, pp. 396–397.
^ Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, p. 418.
^ "Diocese of Clogher". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
^ Moody, Martin & Byrne 1984, A New History of Ireland, volume IX, pp. 341–343.
References
Cotton, Henry (1849). The Province of Ulster. Fasti Ecclesiae Hiberniae: The Succession of the Prelates and Members of the Cathedral Bodies of Ireland. Vol. 3. Dublin: Hodges and Smith.
Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology (3rd, reprinted 2003 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
Moody, T. W.; Martin, F. X.; Byrne, F. J., eds. (1984). Maps, Genealogies, Lists: A Companion to Irish History, Part II. A New History of Ireland. Vol. IX. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-821745-5.
vteCatholic Church in IrelandIrish Catholic Bishops' ConferenceDioceses
Province of Armagh:
Archdiocese of Armagh
Diocese of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise
Diocese of Clogher
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Churches
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List of Catholic churches in Ireland
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Knock Shrine
St Patrick's Purgatory
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List of monastic houses in Ireland
List of Catholic schools in Ireland by religious order
List of saints of Ireland
Apostolic Nunciature to Ireland
Holy See–Ireland relations
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|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ClogherCathedral.JPG"},{"link_name":"Cathedral Church of Saint Macartan, Clogher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Macartan%27s_Cathedral,_Clogher"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MonaghanCathedral.JPG"},{"link_name":"Cathedral Church of Saint Macartan, Monaghan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Macartan%27s_Cathedral,_Monaghan"},{"link_name":"episcopal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_polity"},{"link_name":"Clogher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clogher"},{"link_name":"County Tyrone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Tyrone"},{"link_name":"Reformation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation_in_Ireland"},{"link_name":"apostolic successions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_succession"},{"link_name":"Church of Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Roman Catholic Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church"}],"text":"The Cathedral Church of Saint Macartan, Clogher, the episcopal seat of the pre-Reformation and Church of Ireland bishops.The Cathedral Church of Saint Macartan, Monaghan, the episcopal seat of the Post-Reformation Roman Catholic bishops.The Bishop of Clogher is an episcopal title which takes its name after the village of Clogher in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Following the Reformation, there are now parallel apostolic successions: one of the Church of Ireland and the other of the Roman Catholic Church.","title":"Bishop of Clogher"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Synod of Ráth Breasail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_R%C3%A1th_Breasail"},{"link_name":"Ulster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster"},{"link_name":"Fermanagh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Fermanagh"},{"link_name":"Monaghan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Monaghan"},{"link_name":"Tyrone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Tyrone"},{"link_name":"Cavan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Cavan"},{"link_name":"Leitrim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Leitrim"},{"link_name":"Donegal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Donegal"},{"link_name":"Irish annals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_annals"},{"link_name":"Oirialla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oirialla"},{"link_name":"County Louth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Louth"},{"link_name":"Armagh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Armagh"}],"text":"Clogher is one of the twenty-four dioceses established at the Synod of Ráth Breasail in 1111 and consists of much of south west Ulster, taking in most of counties Fermanagh and Monaghan and parts of Tyrone, Cavan, Leitrim and Donegal. Frequently in the Irish annals the Bishop of Clogher was styled the Bishop of Oirialla. Between c. 1140 to c. 1190, County Louth was transferred from the see of Armagh to the see of Clogher. During this period the Bishop of Clogher used the style Bishop of Louth. The title Bishop of Clogher was resumed after 1193, when County Louth was restored to the see of Armagh.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Church of Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Ireland"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Cathedral Church of Saint Macartin, Enniskillen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Macartin%27s_Cathedral,_Enniskillen"},{"link_name":"Cathedral Church of Saint Macartan, Clogher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Macartan%27s_Cathedral,_Clogher"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Roman Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church"},{"link_name":"Lawrence Duffy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Duffy"},{"link_name":"Holy See","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See"},{"link_name":"ordained bishop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_(Catholicism)"},{"link_name":"cathedra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedra"},{"link_name":"Cathedral Church of Saint Macartan, Monaghan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Macartan%27s_cathedral,_Monaghan"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"In the Church of IrelandThe present Church of Ireland bishop is the Right Reverend Dr. Ian W. Ellis, elected in September 2020 and consecrated in April 2021 [1] The Church of Ireland bishop is unique in having two diocesan cathedrals within a single diocese, with one Dean and chapter between them: the Cathedral Church of Saint Macartin, Enniskillen and the Cathedral Church of Saint Macartan, Clogher.[2][3]In the Roman Catholic ChurchThe current Roman Catholic bishop is the Most Reverend Lawrence Duffy who was appointed by the Holy See on 8 December 2018 and ordained bishop on 10 February 2019. The Roman Catholic bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of Saint Macartan, Monaghan.[4][5]","title":"Present Ordinaries"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Pre-Reformation bishops"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Post-Reformation bishops"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Church of Ireland succession","title":"Post-Reformation bishops"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Roman Catholic succession","title":"Post-Reformation bishops"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/people/rev-ian-ellis-to-be-enthroned-bishop-of-clogher-3832327","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.newsletter.co.uk/news/people/rev-ian-ellis-to-be-enthroned-bishop-of-clogher-3832327"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"\"St. Macartin's Cathedral, 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Communion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//ireland.anglican.org/news/3758"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-14"},{"link_name":"\"Welcome Archbishop John\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ireland.anglican.org/news/9670/welcome-archbishop-john"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-ian-ellis_15-0"},{"link_name":"\"New Bishop of Clogher Ian W Ellis 'humbled' by his election\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//dublin.anglican.org/news/2020/11/09/canon-dr-ian-w-ellis"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1986''Handbook_of_British_Chronology'',_pp._382%E2%80%93383_16-0"},{"link_name":"Fryde et al. 1986","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1986"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotton1849''The_Province_of_Ulster'',_pp._77%E2%80%9384_17-0"},{"link_name":"Cotton 1849","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFCotton1849"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-18"},{"link_name":"Moody, Martin & Byrne 1984","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFMoodyMartinByrne1984"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1986''Handbook_of_British_Chronology'',_p._418_19-0"},{"link_name":"Fryde et al. 1986","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1986"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-dclog_20-0"},{"link_name":"\"Diocese of Clogher\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dclog.html"},{"link_name":"Catholic-Hierarchy.org","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-21"},{"link_name":"Moody, Martin & Byrne 1984","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#CITEREFMoodyMartinByrne1984"}],"text":"^ https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/people/rev-ian-ellis-to-be-enthroned-bishop-of-clogher-3832327.\n\n^ \"St. Macartin's Cathedral, Enniskillen\". Church of Ireland. Retrieved 21 June 2009.\n\n^ \"St. Macartin's Cathedral, Enniskillen\". enniskillencathedral.com. Retrieved 21 June 2009.\n\n^ \"St. Macartan's Cathedral (Monaghan)\". Parish of Monaghan and Rackwallace. Retrieved 21 June 2009.\n\n^ \"St. Macartin's Cathedral, Monaghan\". ARCHiSEEK. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2009.\n\n^ a b \"Historical successions: Clogher\". Crockford's Clerical Directory. Retrieved 30 June 2012.\n\n^ Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, pp. 337–339.\n\n^ Cotton 1849, The Province of Ulster, pp. 73–77.\n\n^ Moody, Martin & Byrne 1984, A New History of Ireland, volume IX, pp. 273–275.\n\n^ \"Standing Committee News – March 2005\". Church of Ireland. 15 March 2005.\n\n^ Neill, Matthew (1995). \"Rt Rev Gordon McMullan\". Ecclesia De Drum: Recollections of the Parish of Drumbeg, Diocese of Down. Retrieved 21 June 2009.\n\n^ \"Clogher Diocese says farewell to retiring bishop\". Church of Ireland. 15 March 2005.\n\n^ Church of Ireland – A province of the Anglican Communion. Ireland.anglican.org. Retrieved on 23 July 2013.\n\n^ \"Welcome Archbishop John\".\n\n^ \"New Bishop of Clogher Ian W Ellis 'humbled' by his election\". Belfast Telegraph. 10 November 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2023.\n\n^ Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, pp. 382–383.\n\n^ Cotton 1849, The Province of Ulster, pp. 77–84.\n\n^ Moody, Martin & Byrne 1984, A New History of Ireland, volume IX, pp. 396–397.\n\n^ Fryde et al. 1986, Handbook of British Chronology, p. 418.\n\n^ \"Diocese of Clogher\". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 21 June 2009.\n\n^ Moody, Martin & Byrne 1984, A New History of Ireland, volume IX, pp. 341–343.","title":"Citations"}]
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[{"image_text":"The Cathedral Church of Saint Macartan, Clogher, the episcopal seat of the pre-Reformation and Church of Ireland bishops.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/ClogherCathedral.JPG/200px-ClogherCathedral.JPG"},{"image_text":"The Cathedral Church of Saint Macartan, Monaghan, the episcopal seat of the Post-Reformation Roman Catholic bishops.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/MonaghanCathedral.JPG/200px-MonaghanCathedral.JPG"}]
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[{"reference":"\"St. Macartin's Cathedral, Enniskillen\". Church of Ireland. Retrieved 21 June 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://clogher.anglican.org/index.php?p=cathedrals","url_text":"\"St. Macartin's Cathedral, Enniskillen\""}]},{"reference":"\"St. Macartin's Cathedral, Enniskillen\". enniskillencathedral.com. Retrieved 21 June 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.enniskillencathedral.com/","url_text":"\"St. Macartin's Cathedral, Enniskillen\""}]},{"reference":"\"St. Macartan's Cathedral (Monaghan)\". Parish of Monaghan and Rackwallace. Retrieved 21 June 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.monaghan-rackwallace.ie/parish-churches/cathedral","url_text":"\"St. Macartan's Cathedral (Monaghan)\""}]},{"reference":"\"St. Macartin's Cathedral, Monaghan\". ARCHiSEEK. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081206085222/http://ireland.archiseek.com/buildings_ireland/monaghan/monaghan/stmacartans.html","url_text":"\"St. Macartin's Cathedral, Monaghan\""},{"url":"http://ireland.archiseek.com/buildings_ireland/monaghan/monaghan/stmacartans.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Historical successions: Clogher\". Crockford's Clerical Directory. Retrieved 30 June 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.crockford.org.uk/listing.asp?id=977","url_text":"\"Historical successions: Clogher\""}]},{"reference":"\"Standing Committee News – March 2005\". Church of Ireland. 15 March 2005.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ireland.anglican.org/index.php?do=news&newsid=843","url_text":"\"Standing Committee News – March 2005\""}]},{"reference":"Neill, Matthew (1995). \"Rt Rev Gordon McMullan\". Ecclesia De Drum: Recollections of the Parish of Drumbeg, Diocese of Down. Retrieved 21 June 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://lisburn.com/books/drumbeg/drumbeg2.html#mcmullan","url_text":"\"Rt Rev Gordon McMullan\""}]},{"reference":"\"Clogher Diocese says farewell to retiring bishop\". Church of Ireland. 15 March 2005.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ireland.anglican.org/archives/pressreleases/prarchive2001/hanpres.html","url_text":"\"Clogher Diocese says farewell to retiring bishop\""}]},{"reference":"\"Welcome Archbishop John\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ireland.anglican.org/news/9670/welcome-archbishop-john","url_text":"\"Welcome Archbishop John\""}]},{"reference":"\"New Bishop of Clogher Ian W Ellis 'humbled' by his election\". Belfast Telegraph. 10 November 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://dublin.anglican.org/news/2020/11/09/canon-dr-ian-w-ellis","url_text":"\"New Bishop of Clogher Ian W Ellis 'humbled' by his election\""}]},{"reference":"\"Diocese of Clogher\". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 21 June 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dclog.html","url_text":"\"Diocese of Clogher\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org","url_text":"Catholic-Hierarchy.org"}]},{"reference":"Cotton, Henry (1849). The Province of Ulster. Fasti Ecclesiae Hiberniae: The Succession of the Prelates and Members of the Cathedral Bodies of Ireland. Vol. 3. Dublin: Hodges and Smith.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cotton_(divine)","url_text":"Cotton, Henry"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/fastiecclesiae03cottuoft","url_text":"The Province of Ulster"}]},{"reference":"Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology (3rd, reprinted 2003 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56350-X","url_text":"0-521-56350-X"}]},{"reference":"Moody, T. W.; Martin, F. X.; Byrne, F. J., eds. (1984). Maps, Genealogies, Lists: A Companion to Irish History, Part II. A New History of Ireland. Vol. IX. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-821745-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-821745-5","url_text":"0-19-821745-5"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylaea_(Munich)
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Propylaea (Munich)
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["1 History","2 Architecture","3 See also","4 Notes"]
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Coordinates: 48°08′46″N 11°33′51″E / 48.1461°N 11.5642°E / 48.1461; 11.5642City gate in Munich, Germany
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The Propylaea (German: Propyläen) is a city gate in Munich at the west side of Königsplatz.
Propylaea in Munich
History
The building, constructed in Doric order, was completed by Leo von Klenze in 1862 and evokes the monumental entrance of the Propylaea for the Athenian Acropolis. The gate was created as a memorial for the accession to the throne of Otto of Greece, a son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. Propylaea at Königsplatz, painting of Leo von Klenze, 1848
As early as 1816, the Propylaea was in the early planning stages, but 30 years passed before the order was issued for its construction. Klenze painted a picture of the planned Propylaea, to promote the project. After King Ludwig I abdicated in 1848, the project was called into question, as, by that time, Munich no longer needed a city gate. Finally, Ludwig I financed the building from his private resources as a symbol of the friendship between Greece and Bavaria, as well as a monument to the Greek War of Independence.
The Propylaea was opened shortly before King Otto was forced to resign as the Bavarian king of Greece. While on a visit to the Peloponnese in 1862, a coup was launched in Greece, a provisional Government was set up and a National Convention summoned . Ambassadors of the Great Powers urged King Otto not to resist, and the king and queen took refuge on a British warship and returned to Bavaria. It can be said that the Propylaea is also a monument to the failed secundogeniture of the Wittelsbach.
Architecture
Propylaea at Königsplatz, interior
Each of the two towers of the gate is a powerful block with a large portal and an open room upstairs. The two portals of the towers were used for freight transport. The monumental gate in the middle of the Propylaea was reserved for riders and city cars. The ceilings of the towers were coffered.
While the exterior shows Doric columns, inside the structure, Ionic columns support the Propylaea. The floor plan shows that the basement of the building could be traversed by stairs, platforms and passageways.
The reliefs and sculptures celebrating the Bavarian prince and the Greek War of Independence were created by Ludwig Michael Schwanthaler.
See also
Propylaea
Nordertor
Porta Nigra
Fortified gateway
Notes
^ "Highlights of the Münchner Stadtmuseum". www.muenchner-stadtmuseum.de. Archived from the original on 2012-09-18.
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48°08′46″N 11°33′51″E / 48.1461°N 11.5642°E / 48.1461; 11.5642
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"German","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language"},{"link_name":"city gate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_gate"},{"link_name":"Munich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich"},{"link_name":"Königsplatz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsplatz,_Munich"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Propylaeen_Muenchen-1.jpg"}],"text":"City gate in Munich, GermanyThe Propylaea (German: Propyläen) is a city gate in Munich at the west side of Königsplatz.Propylaea in Munich","title":"Propylaea (Munich)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Doric order","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doric_order"},{"link_name":"Leo von Klenze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_von_Klenze"},{"link_name":"Propylaea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylaea"},{"link_name":"Athenian Acropolis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens"},{"link_name":"Otto of Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_of_Greece"},{"link_name":"Ludwig I of Bavaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Klenze,_Leo_von_-_Die_Propyl%C3%A4en_auf_dem_M%C3%BCnchner_K%C3%B6nigsplatz-_1848.jpg"},{"link_name":"Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece"},{"link_name":"Bavaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria"},{"link_name":"Greek War of Independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Peloponnese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peloponnese"},{"link_name":"Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece"},{"link_name":"Great Powers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Powers"},{"link_name":"Bavaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavaria"},{"link_name":"secundogeniture","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secundogeniture"},{"link_name":"Wittelsbach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittelsbach"}],"text":"The building, constructed in Doric order, was completed by Leo von Klenze in 1862 and evokes the monumental entrance of the Propylaea for the Athenian Acropolis. The gate was created as a memorial for the accession to the throne of Otto of Greece, a son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria.Propylaea at Königsplatz, painting of Leo von Klenze, 1848As early as 1816, the Propylaea was in the early planning stages, but 30 years passed before the order was issued for its construction. Klenze painted a picture of the planned Propylaea, to promote the project. After King Ludwig I abdicated in 1848, the project was called into question, as, by that time, Munich no longer needed a city gate. Finally, Ludwig I financed the building from his private resources as a symbol of the friendship between Greece and Bavaria, as well as a monument to the Greek War of Independence.[1]The Propylaea was opened shortly before King Otto was forced to resign as the Bavarian king of Greece. While on a visit to the Peloponnese in 1862, a coup was launched in Greece, a provisional Government was set up and a National Convention summoned . Ambassadors of the Great Powers urged King Otto not to resist, and the king and queen took refuge on a British warship and returned to Bavaria. It can be said that the Propylaea is also a monument to the failed secundogeniture of the Wittelsbach.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Propyl%C3%A4en,_K%C3%B6nigsplatz,_M%C3%BAnich,_Alemania11.JPG"},{"link_name":"coffered","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffer"},{"link_name":"Ionic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_order"},{"link_name":"floor plan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_plan"},{"link_name":"reliefs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief"},{"link_name":"sculptures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculpture"},{"link_name":"Greek War of Independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence"},{"link_name":"Ludwig Michael Schwanthaler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Michael_Schwanthaler"}],"text":"Propylaea at Königsplatz, interiorEach of the two towers of the gate is a powerful block with a large portal and an open room upstairs. The two portals of the towers were used for freight transport. The monumental gate in the middle of the Propylaea was reserved for riders and city cars. The ceilings of the towers were coffered.While the exterior shows Doric columns, inside the structure, Ionic columns support the Propylaea. The floor plan shows that the basement of the building could be traversed by stairs, platforms and passageways.The reliefs and sculptures celebrating the Bavarian prince and the Greek War of Independence were created by Ludwig Michael Schwanthaler.","title":"Architecture"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"\"Highlights of the Münchner Stadtmuseum\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20120918063632/http://www.muenchner-stadtmuseum.de/en/muenchner-stadtmuseum/highlights/leovonklenze.html"},{"link_name":"the original","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.muenchner-stadtmuseum.de/en/muenchner-stadtmuseum/highlights/leovonklenze.html"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Greek_War_of_Independence"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_War_of_Independence"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_War_of_Independence"},{"link_name":"Greek War of Independence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence"},{"link_name":"Background","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background_of_the_Greek_War_of_Independence"},{"link_name":"Ottoman Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Greece"},{"link_name":"People","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Greeks"},{"link_name":"Armatoles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armatoles"},{"link_name":"Proestoi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodjabashis"},{"link_name":"Klephts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klepht"},{"link_name":"Dionysius the Philosopher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysios_Skylosophos"},{"link_name":"Daskalogiannis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daskalogiannis"},{"link_name":"Panagiotis Benakis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panagiotis_Benakis"},{"link_name":"Nikolaos Galatis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaos_Galatis"},{"link_name":"Konstantinos Kolokotronis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinos_Kolokotronis"},{"link_name":"Lambros Katsonis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambros_Katsonis"},{"link_name":"Cosmas of 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Archived from the original on 2012-09-18.vteGreek War of Independence (1821–1829)BackgroundOttoman GreecePeople\nArmatoles\nProestoi\nKlephts\nDionysius the Philosopher\nDaskalogiannis\nPanagiotis Benakis\nNikolaos Galatis\nKonstantinos Kolokotronis\nLambros Katsonis\nCosmas of Aetolia\nAli Pasha\nManiots\nPhanariots\nRum Millet\nSouliotes\nGregory V of Constantinople\nEvents\nOrlov Revolt\nSouliote War (1789–1793)\nSouliote War (1803)\nGreek EnlightenmentPeople\nJohn Caradja\nAthanasios Christopoulos\nTheoklitos Farmakidis\nRigas Feraios\nAnthimos Gazis\nTheophilos Kairis\nAdamantios Korais\nEugenios Voulgaris\nOrganizations\nEllinoglosso Xenodocheio\nFiliki Eteria\nNikolaos Skoufas\nAthanasios Tsakalov\nEmmanuil Xanthos\nPanagiotis Anagnostopoulos\nPhilomuse Society\nSociety of the Phoenix\nPublications\nAdelphiki Didaskalia\nAsma Polemistirion\nHellenic Nomarchy\nPamphlet of Rigas Feraios\nSalpisma Polemistirion\nThourios or Patriotic hymn\nEuropean intervention andGreek involvement inthe Napoleonic Wars\nRusso-Turkish War (1768–1774)\nTreaty of Küçük Kaynarca\nGreek Plan of Catherine the Great\nRusso-Turkish War (1787–1792)\nFrench Revolution and Napoleonic Wars\nFall of the Republic of Venice\nRepublican French rule in the Ionian Islands\nSeptinsular Republic\nGreek Legion\nImperial French rule in the Ionian Islands\nAlbanian Regiment\nAdriatic campaign of 1807–1814\n1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry\nUnited States of the Ionian Islands\nIdeas\nGreek nationalism\nEastern Orthodox Christianity\nLiberalism\nConstitutionalism\nMonarchism\nEventsSieges\nPatras\nSalona\nNavarino\nLivadeia\n1st Acropolis\nTripolitsa\nArta\nAcrocorinth\nNauplia\n1st Messolonghi\n2nd Messolonghi\n3rd Messolonghi\n2nd Acropolis\nBattles\nKalamata\nWallachian uprising\nAlamana\nGravia\nValtetsi\nDoliana\nLalas\nVasilika\nDrăgășani\nSculeni\nVasilika\nTrench\nPeta\nDervenakia\nKarpenisi\nGreek civil wars\nSphacteria\nManiaki\nMorea\nLerna 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(Presidential Guard)Wikimedia Commons has media related to Propylaea (Munich).48°08′46″N 11°33′51″E / 48.1461°N 11.5642°E / 48.1461; 11.5642","title":"Notes"}]
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[{"title":"Propylaea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylaea"},{"title":"Nordertor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordertor"},{"title":"Porta Nigra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porta_Nigra"},{"title":"Fortified gateway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortified_gateway"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josias_Fendall
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Josias Fendall
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["1 Biography","1.1 Early Maryland life and the Battle of the Severn","1.2 Governor of Maryland","1.3 Fendall's Rebellion","1.4 Leaving office","2 Land holdings","3 See also","4 References"]
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Governor of Maryland
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Josias Fendall4th Proprietary Governor of MarylandIn officeJuly 10, 1656 – June 24, 1660Preceded byWilliam StoneSucceeded byPhillip Calvert
Personal detailsBorn1628Died1687NationalityEnglishSignature
Josias Fendall(c. 1628 – c. 1687) was an English colonial administrator who served as the Proprietary Governor of Maryland. He was born in England, and came to the Province of Maryland. He was the progenitor of the Fendall family in America.
Biography
Early Maryland life and the Battle of the Severn
Fendall's coat of arms
Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore
Although records do not mention when Fendall emigrated to the Province of Maryland, it is likely that he entered on board the ship "Golden Fortune", which was commanded by Capt. Tilman, and arrived in Maryland in the latter part of January, 1655. Also on board this ship was William Eltonhead, Esq., who accompanied Fendall on his mission to Patuxent and later was executed following the Battle of the Severn. Eltonhead brought with him letters that blamed Governor William Stone for having resigned his government to the Lord Protector in July, 1654, and accusing him of cowardice in surrendering without striking a single blow. In addition the letters confirmed "that the Lord Baltimore kept his patent and that his highness, the lord protector, had neither taken the lord Baltimore's patent from him, nor his land". This probably instigated Gov. Stone to put into plan what became the Battle of Severn.
In 1655, William Stone (c. 1603–1659), the third proprietary governor of Maryland, was resisting the commissioners of Parliament for the government of that province. Stone commissioned Fendall, to be one of his officers, along with William Eltonhead, Esq. (c. 1616–1655) and twenty men, to seize some arms and ammunition at Patuxent, for the governor's force. They ransacked an area of about 40 square miles (100 km2) which included the houses of Mr. Richard Preston "The Great Quaker" (c. 1618–1669) and John Sutton, who were prominent men. The arms and ammunition were gathered for the governor's force which was planning to attack the Puritan settlers at Providence. Providence was located on the north side at the mouth of the Severn River across from what is today Annapolis, Maryland and was the place of residence of most of the commissioners, and people that were forced out of Virginia by Governor Sir William Berkeley (1606–1677). Along with Governor Stone, who had been injured in the shoulder, Josias was taken prisoner in a conflict which resulted from the attempt, in the Battle of the Severn, by Captain William Fuller (died 1695) of the Puritan Army.
The Battle of the Severn, fought on Sunday, March 25, 1655, was the first battle ever fought between American soldiers on American soil. The battle was the only battle in America in which the flag of the Commonwealth of England was flown. The battle was also the first in which the Provincial flag of Maryland was flown (colors of black and yellow). Among the Proprietary Forces numbering about 225, there were 17 killed and 32 wounded.
Fendall was sentenced to death along with Gov. Stone and 10 others. However, only 4 sentences were actually carried out, including that of William Eltonhead. Before the remaining men could be executed, the people of Providence came before the War Council and petitioned the execution. They were awarded a hearing in which 3 petitioners in support of over 200 townspeople, who were members of the Puritan community, presented a defense for the prisoners. They claimed that the men should be spared, and that they should not judge treason. If they did, they would be guilty of the same transgression the government of Virginia had done to them. In addition the prisoners were only following orders handed out by Lord Baltimore. The War Council as a result reversed the sentences and the prisoners were released.
Governor of Maryland
Fendall's services were rewarded by a grant of two thousand acres (8 km2) of land and by appointment, July 10, 1656, as governor from Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, 1st Lord Proprietary. Before he could take any effective steps toward the organization of his government however, he was arrested by the Puritans on August 15, and held to answer to the charge of being "Dangerous to the public peace". He was remanded to prison until the affairs of the Province could be settled by Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658). However, Fendall became weary of his confinement and was released, September 24, upon taking an oath that he would not interfere with the government.
In 1657, he visited England, and in his absence, he appointed Dr. Luke Barber Sr. (c. 1615–1668) to administer the government. Barber had been the household physician of Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector. Fendall returned February 26, 1658, and brought back an agreement from Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675). This agreement stated that the government was definitely restored to the proprietor, Governor Fendall, as well as a new commission curtailing his power as governor, with Philip Calvert (1626–1682), a younger brother of Cecil, as advisor. As a result of reading the Articles of Agreement from Lord Baltimore on March 23, Capt. William Fuller and the other commissioners formally surrendered the Provisional Government to Josias Fendall.
In the next two years, Fendall took the province a considerable distance away from the worst disorders of the decade. He persuaded the Puritans in the Severn area, which were now erected into a new county named Anne Arundel, to send representatives to an Assembly that he had established in Calvert County, halfway between their seat and St. Mary's City. The turmoil between the two parties was passed and there now sat two separate bodies, an upper house consisting of the governor and council and a lower house of elected delegates from each of the four counties (St. Mary's, Kent, Calvert, and Anne Arundel). Maryland was now a miniature parliament. Fendall showed legislative skill in shepherding several much needed laws through the Assembly. On May 10, 1658, Gov. Fendall proclaimed the region in which he resided Charles County, making it the 5th oldest county in the state, and quickly followed that with the formation of Baltimore County in the frontier area at the head of the bay.
Fendall was also responsible for increasing and improving the Maryland Militia. He divided the Province into districts in which a commander was put in charge of policing. In addition two regiments were organized.
One case of interest that occurred while Fendall was in office had to do with some unusual circumstances. On October 5, 1659, a Provincial Court met at "Resurrection Manor" in St. Mary's County, which was the house of Capt. George Reade Sr. (died 1669), to try Edward Prescott (died 1662) for hanging a witch named Elizabeth Richardson (died 1658). Fendall presided, and the charges were preferred by Col. John Washington (c. 1634–1677), an immigrant, and the great-grandfather of Gen. George Washington (1732–1799). Washington charged that in 1658, Prescott, a merchant, had committed a felony while hanging Richardson, on his ship "Sea Horse of London" as it was bound from England on the high seas, en route to Maryland. Trial was set, Prescott proved that though he was owner of the ship, he was not master at the time. Therefore, he was acquitted because of the absence of Washington, who could not attend due to the baptism of his son.
Fendall's Rebellion
Toward the end of his tenure as governor, Fendall was criticized by the proprietor for negligence at courts and for contradicting court orders. In March, 1660, with a number of associates, including Capt. William Fuller (died 1695), and the Assembly, he suddenly attempted to overthrow the proprietary government. This was a bloodless rebellion against Lord Baltimore, probably instigated by the Cromwell Government in England, and was termed "Fendall's Rebellion".
This rebellion was instigated at a meeting of the Assembly, which took place at the residence of Dr. Thomas Gerard I, Esq. (1608–1673). On the tenth day, the Lower House sent a message to the governor and council, that they intended to be the highest court without being depended upon by the Upper House. Many compared this act to the time when the Commons of England had abolished the House of Lords and made themselves alone the Parliament of the realm. In addition this meant that they wanted to be independent of the Proprietor, Lord Baltimore. Two days of conferences resulted with the two bodies sitting as one. Thus, Maryland had gone back to a unicameral legislature of earlier times. Fendall accepted these conditions and tendered to the Assembly his resignation, as governor under Lord Baltimore, however at the same time, he accepted from the Assembly, a new commission. He attempted to set up in its place, a commonwealth in which the supreme power would be vested in a House of Burgesses. Over this body the governor was to preside; but the House, retaining its speaker, was to have the power to adjourn and dissolve. Secretary Philip Calvert, protested these proceedings and asked permission to leave.
Charles II (1630–1685) was restored as King of England in 1660
The attempted revolution was easily frustrated, thanks to the fall of the Cromwell Government, May 29, 1660, and the return of Charles II (1630–1685) to England as King. On June 24, 1660, Lord Baltimore commissioned his younger brother and Josias' former advisor, Philip Calvert (1626–1682), as governor, and Charles II, commanded "obedience to him". The proprietor asked "that perfidious and perjured fellow, Fendall" to be arrested and forfeit his life. However, the provincial court only issued an order to confiscate his estate and banish him from the province.
Subsequently, in response to a petition for mercy to the Governor and council, and although the Lord proprietor had specially given injunction not to allow him to escape with his life, he was pardoned, and, his punishment was reduced to disfranchisement and disqualification for office.
Leaving office
He retired to his estate in Charles County where he had a wife, a daughter, a brother, and several servants. In 1678, the freemen of that county were disposed to elect him a delegate to the Assembly. However, fearing the possibility that he could foment disorder, the governor, Charles Calvert (1637–1714) 3rd Lord Baltimore, and his Council informed them that if he were elected his seat would be declared vacant.
In April 1679, he was charged with seditious utterances and a warrant was issued for his arrest, but he was not found. According to William Boyden, Josias was heard saying that, Lord Baltimore was a traitor and he could prove it, that people were fools if they paid taxes. He was also heard saying that it was time for people to speak their minds and say anything for it was not treason and he hoped within a few years to have more honor in the country than he ever had prior.
Charles Calvert, 3rd Lord Baltimore (1637–1714)
About this time Josias had also become influential in northern Virginia among sympathizers of Nathaniel Bacon and associated with John Coode Jr. (c. 1648–1709), who a few years later was the principal leader in the overthrow of the proprietary government. Josias had heard that the Papists (Roman Catholics) and Indians were joining to battle with the Protestants. This was confirmed by Capt. John Dent Sr., Gent. (c. 1645–1712). He claimed that Lord Baltimore was responsible, and wanted to destroy all the Protestants. The massacre of five men and a woman at St. Mary's was pointed to as evidence that Lord Baltimore's policy toward the Indians was adequate. Fendall gathered planters in Charles County, to discuss these rumors, which coupled with the fear of the Indian raids that had engulfed their neighbors in Stafford County, Virginia, this developed into a panic. The Governor assured them that all the Indians in the area had recently signed treaties of peace. However, the days when isolated settlers fell to the tomahawk lived in their recollections as a reality more potent than paper with marks, or tokens. The threat of the Indians remained a factor in the suspicions directed toward Lord Baltimore and his administration. As a result, it is said that Fendall and Coode organized troops to stop Lord Baltimore.
Fendall and Coode visited Nicholas Spencer Jr., Esq. (died 1689), the Secretary of Virginia and no great friend of Charles Calvert. Spencer advised them to forego any active role at this time, and to let the Catholics alone. Nevertheless, rumors circulated that in 1681, Fendall and Coode had planned to move their families temporarily to Virginia. Upon hearing this, Lord Baltimore had them arrested. It was said that they were arrested "in their own houses at dead of night in time of peace with force of arms and without warrants shown". Authorities apparently freed Coode on bail within five days, but Fendall remained in custody. It is very doubtful that a rebellion was actually under way. Virginia observers felt that Lord Baltimore's charges against the two men were unsupported and "of little weight". Some suggested that the arrests were merely one attempt to prevent participation by either Coode or Fendall in the upcoming session of the Assembly, which already promised to be a heated confrontation over defense policies.
Josias was under guard at "Mattaponi", near Nottingham in today's Prince George's County, in July 1681 by the sheriff Col. Henry Darnall Sr. (1645–1711), the owner. This estate was later owned by the Marburys, who were descendants of Fendall. Fendall was tried on November 15, by the Catholic Court, dominated by the Calverts. For fear that Fendall would have time to influence the people who charged him, he was not allowed by the courts to enquire into the evidence of his crime. He was allowed to screen the jurors, in which he dismissed the Catholics and retained the Protestants. In the hearing, he was found guilty of attempting to raise a mutiny in Charles County and sedition through the utterance of "malicious words against the government".
During the sentence the Assembly notified that with the severity of the offense the law would allow for the "boaring of the tongue, cropping one or both ears, and other corporal punishments". However they decided to take a more moderate and less shameful way of punishment and fined him 40,000 pounds of tobacco, and banished from the province. His associate John Coode was acquitted, and given the advice to "keepe a Guard upon your Tongue". Another Fendall partisan, Lt. George Godfrey, a court justice and militia officer in a troop of horse of Capt. Randolph Brandt I (died 1714), of Charles County, did not fare quite as well. Godfrey had attempted to organize a troop "to rescue and sett at large" Fendall while he was in jail awaiting trial. Capt. Brandt, a Catholic, informed Lord Baltimore of the plot. The jury sentenced Godfrey to "be hanged by the neck until he be dead". A week later Charles, 3rd Lord Baltimore, commuted the sentence to life imprisonment.
John Pendleton Kennedy (1795–1870) wrote an account of the events leading up to and including this trial in his historical romance novel "Rob of the Bowl". Although using much authentic data, Kennedy added to the events much melodrama and speculation that were unfounded.
In 1682 Fendall was a resident in Virginia, in a portion of Virginia which later became part of Perquimans County, North Carolina. It was found that he was stirring up another rebellion there. Two years later on June 26, 1684, it was reported that he was on the London ship, Margarett, captained by Edward Watkins, in the Potomac River and a warrant was issued for his arrest, but he was not found. Here the record of his career closes. It is possible that he fled, possibly even along with his wife Mary and started a second family in Virginia or North Carolina. The name of Mary Fendall, his widow and administratrix, appears in court records in 1688. Mary was in or near James City, York Co., Virginia on May 14, 1688. On June 10, 1690, she applied for administration upon the estate. According to her petition, Josias had died intestate (without a will). (excerpts taken from several sources including: "National Encyclopedia of Americana", "Archives of Maryland", and several additional records).
In the course of his lifetime Josias was given many titles. These included "Captain", "Esquire", "His Excellency", Lord Proprietary" and "Gentleman". Lord Baltimore termed him "Lieutenant and Chief Governor", and often called him "Our Lieutenant". He was commissioned "Lieutenant General", "Admiral", and "Chief Captain and Commander". Until 1661 he was also by commission "Chancellor", "Chief Justice", and "Chief Magistrate". James Walter Thomas in his book the "Chronicles of Maryland" termed Josias, "Fendall, the Cromwell of Maryland".
Land holdings
Fendall's house was located on the west side of the Wicomico River, near Allens Fresh, Charles Co., Maryland. (Wicomico came from the Indian words Wicko, for house, and Mekee, for building.) It had a field in front of it, which was large enough for a troop of 36 mounted horses in a two-file formation. Nearby was Fendall's cow pen. He kept horses and cows. His mark for hogs and cattle was a "cropt on the left ear, and under keeled on the right ear", entered into the Charles Co., court record June 3, 1658. The house was at least two stories high, and large enough to hold court, which it did several times. It had a fireside where people could sit and talk. He had several servants that lived on his plantation. In 1681 Josias sold a boat that was at least large enough to carry a man, wife, and four children.
Fendall had several land holdings. One of these land ownings was named "Cool Spring Manor" or "Cold Springs Manor". This estate was located on the west side of the Patuxent River in Mt. Calvert Hundred, Calvert Co., Maryland, which is now part of Patuxent Hundred, Prince George's Co., Maryland, near the present day University of Maryland, College Park campus. It included 1050 acres (4.2 km2). Josias obtained this property on July 2, 1649, for "good faithful services", and it was laid out May 27, 1657, and granted September 25, 1658.
This Manor came with all the rights and privileges of the "Lord of a Manor" in England. The Maryland Manor was based upon the English system of land tenure, with the Lord of the Manor and a tenancy of planters and farmers dependent on him. In addition to the land that the Lord owned, it also provided the owner with rights of government which the Lord possessed over his tenants, and they over one another. His wealth as a large landholder gave him considerable prestige, but his judicial dignity and authorities added other invisible qualities to his position in the Province. The baronial court decided all disputes between the Lord and his tenants concerning such matters as rents or trespass or escheats. The Lords of the Manor like all subjects of the Province subscribed to an oath of allegiance to the Lord Proprietary, and in turn the residents swore fealty to the Lord of the Manor. Therefore, oaths of fidelity of the Manor Lords to Baltimore were sufficient evidence of loyalty to England.
Fendall sold "Cool Spring Manor" on May 10, 1677, to Maj. John Douglas Sr. (1636–1677) of Charles Co., Maryland for 22,000 pounds of tobacco.
Map of the rivers of the Eastern Shore of Maryland with the Sassafras and its watershed highlighted.
The other land holding that Fendall owned was called "Great Oak Manor", in Kent County. This tract was laid out on August 16, 1658, and granted February 28, 1659. Fendall was awarded this land with Court Baron only. Great Oak Manor was located south of the Sassafras River mouth, where Steel Bone Creek flows into a small bay. In the early records this creek was Steepone Creek and the bay was Steepone Bay, both mentioned in records of 1659. The modern form StillPond Creek is of later origin. Churn Creek, lying near Steelpone, is shown by the early mapmaker Augustine Herrman (1605–1686), but left unnamed. It often appears in the land records from 1661 onward. South of Steelpone Bay appears Beacon Bay, more often called Bacon Bay in early deeds. Development began here in 1658 when Gov. Fendall and Captain Cornwallis took up lands on its shores. On the south side of the bay is Beacon Creek. Here Gov. Josias Fendall took up his 2,000 acre (8 km2) Great Oak Manor, which apparently was referring to a large oak tree on an oyster shell bank which marked the southwest corner of the property. In 1658 and thereafter the deed records use the name Fendall's Creek for the stream. But Fendall fell into political disgrace in 1659 when he headed a revolt against the proprietor. The careful Herrman therefore prefers to call this stream Beacon Creek. South from Beacon Creek is Farlo Creek, now called Farley or Fairlee Creek." ("Notes on Augustine Herrman's Map", Maryland Historical Magazine.)
In describing Great Oak Manor, the following description was used: "Lying on the east side of Chesapeake Bay and on the south side of a bay in the said bay called Bacon Bay beginning at a marked oake by the creeke side running for bredth north north west to the mouth of Bacon Bay two hundred twenty and five perches and south south west down Chesapeake Bay to a marked oake by a creeke called Fendall's Creeke 635 perches bounding on the south by a line drawn east from the said oake 500 perches on the east by a line drawn north from the end of the east line 500 perches on the north by a line drawn west from the end of the north line 150 perches to the first marked oake containing and laid out for 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) more or less"
Fendall's family never resided personally at Great Oak Manor, although he succeeded in clearing the forests to cultivate tobacco there.
See also
Wikiquote has quotations related to Josias Fendall.
List of colonial governors of Maryland
Province of Maryland
References
^ "Proceedings of the Council of Maryland, 1693–1697". Archives of Maryland. 20. State of Maryland: xii–xiv. 1900-08-01. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
^ "America and West Indies: March 1682." Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 11, 1681–1685. Ed. J W Fortescue. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1898. 201–213. British History Online Retrieved 30 December 2021.
vteGovernors of MarylandProvincial (1632–1776)
L. Calvert
Greene
Stone
Fendall
P. Calvert
C. Calvert, 3rd Baron
Wharton
Notley
C. Calvert, 3rd Baron
B. Calvert
Joseph
Coode
Neh. Blakiston
Copley
Lawrence
Andros
Greenberry
Andros
Lawrence
Nicholson
Nat. Blakiston
Tench
Seymour
Lloyd
Hart
Brooke
C. Calvert, 5th Baron
B. L. Calvert
Ogle
C. Calvert, 5th Baron
Ogle
Bladen
Ogle
Tasker
Sharpe
Eden
State (since 1776)
Johnson
T. Lee
Paca
Smallwood
J. Howard
Plater
Brice
T. Lee
Stone
Henry
Ogle
Mercer
R. Bowie
Wright
E. Lloyd
R. Bowie
Winder
Ridgely
C. Goldsborough
Sprigg
Stevens
Kent
Martin
T. Carroll
Martin
G. Howard
J. Thomas
Veazey
Grason
F. Thomas
Pratt
P. Thomas
Lowe
Ligon
Hicks
Bradford
Swann
O. Bowie
Whyte
Groome
J. Carroll
Hamilton
McLane
H. Lloyd
Jackson
Brown
Lowndes
Smith
Warfield
Crothers
P. Goldsborough
Harrington
Ritchie
Nice
O'Conor
Lane
McKeldin
Tawes
Agnew
Mandel
B. Lee
Hughes
Schaefer
Glendening
Ehrlich
O'Malley
Hogan
Moore
Italics indicate acting officeholders
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Proprietary Governor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_Governor"},{"link_name":"Maryland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Maryland"},{"link_name":"Fendall family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fendall_family"}],"text":"Josias Fendall(c. 1628 – c. 1687) was an English colonial administrator who served as the Proprietary Governor of Maryland. He was born in England, and came to the Province of Maryland. He was the progenitor of the Fendall family in America.","title":"Josias Fendall"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Philip_Richard_Fendall.svg"},{"link_name":"coat of arms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore,_by_Gerard_Soest_(1670).jpg"},{"link_name":"Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore"},{"link_name":"Province of Maryland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Maryland"},{"link_name":"William Eltonhead","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Eltonhead&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Battle of the Severn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Severn"},{"link_name":"William Stone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stone_(Maryland_governor)"},{"link_name":"Lord Baltimore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore"},{"link_name":"Parliament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_England"},{"link_name":"Patuxent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patuxent,_Maryland"},{"link_name":"Severn River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn_River_(Maryland)"},{"link_name":"Annapolis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapolis"},{"link_name":"Maryland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland"},{"link_name":"William Berkeley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Berkeley_(governor)"},{"link_name":"Battle of the Severn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Severn"},{"link_name":"Battle of the Severn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Severn"},{"link_name":"Commonwealth of England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England"},{"link_name":"Virginia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia"},{"link_name":"Lord Baltimore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore"}],"sub_title":"Early Maryland life and the Battle of the Severn","text":"Fendall's coat of armsCecil Calvert, 2nd Baron BaltimoreAlthough records do not mention when Fendall emigrated to the Province of Maryland, it is likely that he entered on board the ship \"Golden Fortune\", which was commanded by Capt. Tilman, and arrived in Maryland in the latter part of January, 1655. Also on board this ship was William Eltonhead, Esq., who accompanied Fendall on his mission to Patuxent and later was executed following the Battle of the Severn. Eltonhead brought with him letters that blamed Governor William Stone for having resigned his government to the Lord Protector in July, 1654, and accusing him of cowardice in surrendering without striking a single blow. In addition the letters confirmed \"that the Lord Baltimore kept his patent and that his highness, the lord protector, had neither taken the lord Baltimore's patent from him, nor his land\". This probably instigated Gov. Stone to put into plan what became the Battle of Severn.In 1655, William Stone (c. 1603–1659), the third proprietary governor of Maryland, was resisting the commissioners of Parliament for the government of that province. Stone commissioned Fendall, to be one of his officers, along with William Eltonhead, Esq. (c. 1616–1655) and twenty men, to seize some arms and ammunition at Patuxent, for the governor's force. They ransacked an area of about 40 square miles (100 km2) which included the houses of Mr. Richard Preston \"The Great Quaker\" (c. 1618–1669) and John Sutton, who were prominent men. The arms and ammunition were gathered for the governor's force which was planning to attack the Puritan settlers at Providence. Providence was located on the north side at the mouth of the Severn River across from what is today Annapolis, Maryland and was the place of residence of most of the commissioners, and people that were forced out of Virginia by Governor Sir William Berkeley (1606–1677). Along with Governor Stone, who had been injured in the shoulder, Josias was taken prisoner in a conflict which resulted from the attempt, in the Battle of the Severn, by Captain William Fuller (died 1695) of the Puritan Army.The Battle of the Severn, fought on Sunday, March 25, 1655, was the first battle ever fought between American soldiers on American soil. The battle was the only battle in America in which the flag of the Commonwealth of England was flown. The battle was also the first in which the Provincial flag of Maryland was flown (colors of black and yellow). Among the Proprietary Forces numbering about 225, there were 17 killed and 32 wounded.Fendall was sentenced to death along with Gov. Stone and 10 others. However, only 4 sentences were actually carried out, including that of William Eltonhead. Before the remaining men could be executed, the people of Providence came before the War Council and petitioned the execution. They were awarded a hearing in which 3 petitioners in support of over 200 townspeople, who were members of the Puritan community, presented a defense for the prisoners. They claimed that the men should be spared, and that they should not judge treason. If they did, they would be guilty of the same transgression the government of Virginia had done to them. In addition the prisoners were only following orders handed out by Lord Baltimore. The War Council as a result reversed the sentences and the prisoners were released.","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore"},{"link_name":"Puritans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritans"},{"link_name":"Oliver Cromwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell"},{"link_name":"Oliver Cromwell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell"},{"link_name":"Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore"},{"link_name":"Philip Calvert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Calvert_(governor)"},{"link_name":"Puritans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritans"},{"link_name":"Anne Arundel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland"},{"link_name":"Calvert County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvert_County"},{"link_name":"St. Mary's City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Mary%27s_City,_Maryland"},{"link_name":"Charles County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_County,_Maryland"},{"link_name":"Resurrection Manor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurrection_Manor"},{"link_name":"St. Mary's County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Mary%27s_County,_Maryland"},{"link_name":"George Reade Sr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Reade_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Elizabeth Richardson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Richardson_(witch)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"John Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Washington"},{"link_name":"George Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington"}],"sub_title":"Governor of Maryland","text":"Fendall's services were rewarded by a grant of two thousand acres (8 km2) of land and by appointment, July 10, 1656, as governor from Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, 1st Lord Proprietary. Before he could take any effective steps toward the organization of his government however, he was arrested by the Puritans on August 15, and held to answer to the charge of being \"Dangerous to the public peace\". He was remanded to prison until the affairs of the Province could be settled by Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658). However, Fendall became weary of his confinement and was released, September 24, upon taking an oath that he would not interfere with the government.In 1657, he visited England, and in his absence, he appointed Dr. Luke Barber Sr. (c. 1615–1668) to administer the government. Barber had been the household physician of Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector. Fendall returned February 26, 1658, and brought back an agreement from Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675). This agreement stated that the government was definitely restored to the proprietor, Governor Fendall, as well as a new commission curtailing his power as governor, with Philip Calvert (1626–1682), a younger brother of Cecil, as advisor. As a result of reading the Articles of Agreement from Lord Baltimore on March 23, Capt. William Fuller and the other commissioners formally surrendered the Provisional Government to Josias Fendall.In the next two years, Fendall took the province a considerable distance away from the worst disorders of the decade. He persuaded the Puritans in the Severn area, which were now erected into a new county named Anne Arundel, to send representatives to an Assembly that he had established in Calvert County, halfway between their seat and St. Mary's City. The turmoil between the two parties was passed and there now sat two separate bodies, an upper house consisting of the governor and council and a lower house of elected delegates from each of the four counties (St. Mary's, Kent, Calvert, and Anne Arundel). Maryland was now a miniature parliament. Fendall showed legislative skill in shepherding several much needed laws through the Assembly. On May 10, 1658, Gov. Fendall proclaimed the region in which he resided Charles County, making it the 5th oldest county in the state, and quickly followed that with the formation of Baltimore County in the frontier area at the head of the bay.Fendall was also responsible for increasing and improving the Maryland Militia. He divided the Province into districts in which a commander was put in charge of policing. In addition two regiments were organized.One case of interest that occurred while Fendall was in office had to do with some unusual circumstances. On October 5, 1659, a Provincial Court met at \"Resurrection Manor\" in St. Mary's County, which was the house of Capt. George Reade Sr. (died 1669), to try Edward Prescott (died 1662) for hanging a witch named Elizabeth Richardson (died 1658). Fendall presided, and the charges were preferred by Col. John Washington (c. 1634–1677), an immigrant, and the great-grandfather of Gen. George Washington (1732–1799). Washington charged that in 1658, Prescott, a merchant, had committed a felony while hanging Richardson, on his ship \"Sea Horse of London\" as it was bound from England on the high seas, en route to Maryland. Trial was set, Prescott proved that though he was owner of the ship, he was not master at the time. Therefore, he was acquitted because of the absence of Washington, who could not attend due to the baptism of his son.","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Thomas Gerard I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Gerard_I&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"unicameral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicameral"},{"link_name":"Lord Baltimore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore"},{"link_name":"commonwealth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth"},{"link_name":"House of Burgesses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Burgesses"},{"link_name":"Philip Calvert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Calvert_(governor)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:King_Charles_II_by_John_Michael_Wright_or_studio.jpg"},{"link_name":"Charles II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England"},{"link_name":"Charles II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England"},{"link_name":"Lord Baltimore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore"}],"sub_title":"Fendall's Rebellion","text":"Toward the end of his tenure as governor, Fendall was criticized by the proprietor for negligence at courts and for contradicting court orders. In March, 1660, with a number of associates, including Capt. William Fuller (died 1695), and the Assembly, he suddenly attempted to overthrow the proprietary government. This was a bloodless rebellion against Lord Baltimore, probably instigated by the Cromwell Government in England, and was termed \"Fendall's Rebellion\".This rebellion was instigated at a meeting of the Assembly, which took place at the residence of Dr. Thomas Gerard I, Esq. (1608–1673). On the tenth day, the Lower House sent a message to the governor and council, that they intended to be the highest court without being depended upon by the Upper House. Many compared this act to the time when the Commons of England had abolished the House of Lords and made themselves alone the Parliament of the realm. In addition this meant that they wanted to be independent of the Proprietor, Lord Baltimore. Two days of conferences resulted with the two bodies sitting as one. Thus, Maryland had gone back to a unicameral legislature of earlier times. Fendall accepted these conditions and tendered to the Assembly his resignation, as governor under Lord Baltimore, however at the same time, he accepted from the Assembly, a new commission. He attempted to set up in its place, a commonwealth in which the supreme power would be vested in a House of Burgesses. Over this body the governor was to preside; but the House, retaining its speaker, was to have the power to adjourn and dissolve. Secretary Philip Calvert, protested these proceedings and asked permission to leave.Charles II (1630–1685) was restored as King of England in 1660The attempted revolution was easily frustrated, thanks to the fall of the Cromwell Government, May 29, 1660, and the return of Charles II (1630–1685) to England as King. On June 24, 1660, Lord Baltimore commissioned his younger brother and Josias' former advisor, Philip Calvert (1626–1682), as governor, and Charles II, commanded \"obedience to him\". The proprietor asked \"that perfidious and perjured fellow, Fendall\" to be arrested and forfeit his life. However, the provincial court only issued an order to confiscate his estate and banish him from the province.Subsequently, in response to a petition for mercy to the Governor and council, and although the Lord proprietor had specially given injunction not to allow him to escape with his life, he was pardoned, and, his punishment was reduced to disfranchisement and disqualification for office.","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Charles Calvert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Calvert,_3rd_Baron_Baltimore"},{"link_name":"Lord Baltimore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charlescalvert_800.jpg"},{"link_name":"Charles Calvert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Calvert,_3rd_Baron_Baltimore"},{"link_name":"Nathaniel Bacon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bacon_(diplomat)"},{"link_name":"John Coode","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Coode_(Governor_of_Maryland)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Papists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papists"},{"link_name":"Roman Catholics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholics"},{"link_name":"Protestants","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestants"},{"link_name":"Lord Baltimore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Calvert,_3rd_Baron_Baltimore"},{"link_name":"Protestants","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestants"},{"link_name":"Stafford County, Virginia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia"},{"link_name":"Nicholas Spencer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Spencer"},{"link_name":"Charles Calvert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Calvert,_3rd_Baron_Baltimore"},{"link_name":"Catholics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholics"},{"link_name":"Mattaponi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattaponi"},{"link_name":"Henry Darnall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Darnall"},{"link_name":"John Coode","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Coode_(Governor_of_Maryland)"},{"link_name":"Lord Baltimore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore"},{"link_name":"3rd Lord Baltimore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Calvert,_3rd_Baron_Baltimore"},{"link_name":"John Pendleton Kennedy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pendleton_Kennedy"},{"link_name":"Rob of the Bowl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rob_of_the_Bowl&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"sub_title":"Leaving office","text":"He retired to his estate in Charles County where he had a wife, a daughter, a brother, and several servants. In 1678, the freemen of that county were disposed to elect him a delegate to the Assembly. However, fearing the possibility that he could foment disorder, the governor, Charles Calvert (1637–1714) 3rd Lord Baltimore, and his Council informed them that if he were elected his seat would be declared vacant.In April 1679, he was charged with seditious utterances and a warrant was issued for his arrest, but he was not found. According to William Boyden, Josias was heard saying that, Lord Baltimore was a traitor and he could prove it, that people were fools if they paid taxes. He was also heard saying that it was time for people to speak their minds and say anything for it was not treason and he hoped within a few years to have more honor in the country than he ever had prior.Charles Calvert, 3rd Lord Baltimore (1637–1714)About this time Josias had also become influential in northern Virginia among sympathizers of Nathaniel Bacon and associated with John Coode Jr. (c. 1648–1709),[1] who a few years later was the principal leader in the overthrow of the proprietary government. Josias had heard that the Papists (Roman Catholics) and Indians were joining to battle with the Protestants. This was confirmed by Capt. John Dent Sr., Gent. (c. 1645–1712). He claimed that Lord Baltimore was responsible, and wanted to destroy all the Protestants. The massacre of five men and a woman at St. Mary's was pointed to as evidence that Lord Baltimore's policy toward the Indians was adequate. Fendall gathered planters in Charles County, to discuss these rumors, which coupled with the fear of the Indian raids that had engulfed their neighbors in Stafford County, Virginia, this developed into a panic. The Governor assured them that all the Indians in the area had recently signed treaties of peace. However, the days when isolated settlers fell to the tomahawk lived in their recollections as a reality more potent than paper with marks, or tokens. The threat of the Indians remained a factor in the suspicions directed toward Lord Baltimore and his administration. As a result, it is said that Fendall and Coode organized troops to stop Lord Baltimore.Fendall and Coode visited Nicholas Spencer Jr., Esq. (died 1689), the Secretary of Virginia and no great friend of Charles Calvert. Spencer advised them to forego any active role at this time, and to let the Catholics alone. Nevertheless, rumors circulated that in 1681, Fendall and Coode had planned to move their families temporarily to Virginia. Upon hearing this, Lord Baltimore had them arrested. It was said that they were arrested \"in their own houses at dead of night in time of peace with force of arms and without warrants shown\". Authorities apparently freed Coode on bail within five days, but Fendall remained in custody. It is very doubtful that a rebellion was actually under way. Virginia observers felt that Lord Baltimore's charges against the two men were unsupported and \"of little weight\". Some suggested that the arrests were merely one attempt to prevent participation by either Coode or Fendall in the upcoming session of the Assembly, which already promised to be a heated confrontation over defense policies.Josias was under guard at \"Mattaponi\", near Nottingham in today's Prince George's County, in July 1681 by the sheriff Col. Henry Darnall Sr. (1645–1711), the owner. This estate was later owned by the Marburys, who were descendants of Fendall. Fendall was tried on November 15, by the Catholic Court, dominated by the Calverts. For fear that Fendall would have time to influence the people who charged him, he was not allowed by the courts to enquire into the evidence of his crime. He was allowed to screen the jurors, in which he dismissed the Catholics and retained the Protestants. In the hearing, he was found guilty of attempting to raise a mutiny in Charles County and sedition through the utterance of \"malicious words against the government\".During the sentence the Assembly notified that with the severity of the offense the law would allow for the \"boaring of the tongue, cropping one or both ears, and other corporal punishments\". However they decided to take a more moderate and less shameful way of punishment and fined him 40,000 pounds of tobacco, and banished from the province. His associate John Coode was acquitted, and given the advice to \"keepe a Guard upon your Tongue\". Another Fendall partisan, Lt. George Godfrey, a court justice and militia officer in a troop of horse of Capt. Randolph Brandt I (died 1714), of Charles County, did not fare quite as well. Godfrey had attempted to organize a troop \"to rescue and sett at large\" Fendall while he was in jail awaiting trial. Capt. Brandt, a Catholic, informed Lord Baltimore of the plot. The jury sentenced Godfrey to \"be hanged by the neck until he be dead\". A week later Charles, 3rd Lord Baltimore, commuted the sentence to life imprisonment.John Pendleton Kennedy (1795–1870) wrote an account of the events leading up to and including this trial in his historical romance novel \"Rob of the Bowl\". Although using much authentic data, Kennedy added to the events much melodrama and speculation that were unfounded.In 1682 Fendall was a resident in Virginia,[2] in a portion of Virginia which later became part of Perquimans County, North Carolina. It was found that he was stirring up another rebellion there. Two years later on June 26, 1684, it was reported that he was on the London ship, Margarett, captained by Edward Watkins, in the Potomac River and a warrant was issued for his arrest, but he was not found. Here the record of his career closes. It is possible that he fled, possibly even along with his wife Mary and started a second family in Virginia or North Carolina. The name of Mary Fendall, his widow and administratrix, appears in court records in 1688. Mary was in or near James City, York Co., Virginia on May 14, 1688. On June 10, 1690, she applied for administration upon the estate. According to her petition, Josias had died intestate (without a will). (excerpts taken from several sources including: \"National Encyclopedia of Americana\", \"Archives of Maryland\", and several additional records).In the course of his lifetime Josias was given many titles. These included \"Captain\", \"Esquire\", \"His Excellency\", Lord Proprietary\" and \"Gentleman\". Lord Baltimore termed him \"Lieutenant and Chief Governor\", and often called him \"Our Lieutenant\". He was commissioned \"Lieutenant General\", \"Admiral\", and \"Chief Captain and Commander\". Until 1661 he was also by commission \"Chancellor\", \"Chief Justice\", and \"Chief Magistrate\". James Walter Thomas in his book the \"Chronicles of Maryland\" termed Josias, \"Fendall, the Cromwell of Maryland\".","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Wicomico River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicomico_River_(Potomac_River)"},{"link_name":"Allens Fresh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allens_Fresh&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Cool Spring Manor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cool_Spring_Manor&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Cold Springs Manor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cold_Springs_Manor&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Patuxent River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patuxent_River"},{"link_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park"},{"link_name":"Maryland Manor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_Manor"},{"link_name":"Lord of the Manor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_of_the_Manor"},{"link_name":"Cool Spring Manor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cool_Spring_Manor&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"John Douglas Sr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Douglas_Sr."},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sassafrasmap.png"},{"link_name":"Kent County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_County,_Maryland"},{"link_name":"Sassafras River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassafras_River"},{"link_name":"StillPond Creek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=StillPond_Creek&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Augustine Herrman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_Herrman"},{"link_name":"Fairlee Creek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fairlee_Creek&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"Fendall's house was located on the west side of the Wicomico River, near Allens Fresh, Charles Co., Maryland. (Wicomico came from the Indian words Wicko, for house, and Mekee, for building.) It had a field in front of it, which was large enough for a troop of 36 mounted horses in a two-file formation. Nearby was Fendall's cow pen. He kept horses and cows. His mark for hogs and cattle was a \"cropt on the left ear, and under keeled on the right ear\", entered into the Charles Co., court record June 3, 1658. The house was at least two stories high, and large enough to hold court, which it did several times. It had a fireside where people could sit and talk. He had several servants that lived on his plantation. In 1681 Josias sold a boat that was at least large enough to carry a man, wife, and four children.Fendall had several land holdings. One of these land ownings was named \"Cool Spring Manor\" or \"Cold Springs Manor\". This estate was located on the west side of the Patuxent River in Mt. Calvert Hundred, Calvert Co., Maryland, which is now part of Patuxent Hundred, Prince George's Co., Maryland, near the present day University of Maryland, College Park campus. It included 1050 acres (4.2 km2). Josias obtained this property on July 2, 1649, for \"good faithful services\", and it was laid out May 27, 1657, and granted September 25, 1658.This Manor came with all the rights and privileges of the \"Lord of a Manor\" in England. The Maryland Manor was based upon the English system of land tenure, with the Lord of the Manor and a tenancy of planters and farmers dependent on him. In addition to the land that the Lord owned, it also provided the owner with rights of government which the Lord possessed over his tenants, and they over one another. His wealth as a large landholder gave him considerable prestige, but his judicial dignity and authorities added other invisible qualities to his position in the Province. The baronial court decided all disputes between the Lord and his tenants concerning such matters as rents or trespass or escheats. The Lords of the Manor like all subjects of the Province subscribed to an oath of allegiance to the Lord Proprietary, and in turn the residents swore fealty to the Lord of the Manor. Therefore, oaths of fidelity of the Manor Lords to Baltimore were sufficient evidence of loyalty to England.Fendall sold \"Cool Spring Manor\" on May 10, 1677, to Maj. John Douglas Sr. (1636–1677) of Charles Co., Maryland for 22,000 pounds of tobacco.Map of the rivers of the Eastern Shore of Maryland with the Sassafras and its watershed highlighted.The other land holding that Fendall owned was called \"Great Oak Manor\", in Kent County. This tract was laid out on August 16, 1658, and granted February 28, 1659. Fendall was awarded this land with Court Baron only. Great Oak Manor was located south of the Sassafras River mouth, where Steel Bone Creek flows into a small bay. In the early records this creek was Steepone Creek and the bay was Steepone Bay, both mentioned in records of 1659. The modern form StillPond Creek is of later origin. Churn Creek, lying near Steelpone, is shown by the early mapmaker Augustine Herrman (1605–1686), but left unnamed. It often appears in the land records from 1661 onward. South of Steelpone Bay appears Beacon Bay, more often called Bacon Bay in early deeds. Development began here in 1658 when Gov. Fendall and Captain Cornwallis took up lands on its shores. On the south side of the bay is Beacon Creek. Here Gov. Josias Fendall took up his 2,000 acre (8 km2) Great Oak Manor, which apparently was referring to a large oak tree on an oyster shell bank which marked the southwest corner of the property. In 1658 and thereafter the deed records use the name Fendall's Creek for the stream. But Fendall fell into political disgrace in 1659 when he headed a revolt against the proprietor. The careful Herrman therefore prefers to call this stream Beacon Creek. South from Beacon Creek is Farlo Creek, now called Farley or Fairlee Creek.\" (\"Notes on Augustine Herrman's Map\", Maryland Historical Magazine.)In describing Great Oak Manor, the following description was used: \"Lying on the east side of Chesapeake Bay and on the south side of a bay in the said bay called Bacon Bay beginning at a marked oake by the creeke side running for bredth north north west to the mouth of Bacon Bay two hundred twenty and five perches and south south west down Chesapeake Bay to a marked oake by a creeke called Fendall's Creeke 635 perches bounding on the south by a line drawn east from the said oake 500 perches on the east by a line drawn north from the end of the east line 500 perches on the north by a line drawn west from the end of the north line 150 perches to the first marked oake containing and laid out for 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) [8 km²] more or less\"Fendall's family never resided personally at Great Oak Manor, although he succeeded in clearing the forests to cultivate tobacco there.","title":"Land holdings"}]
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[{"image_text":"Fendall's coat of arms","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Philip_Richard_Fendall.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Philip_Richard_Fendall.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Cecil_Calvert%2C_2nd_Baron_Baltimore%2C_by_Gerard_Soest_%281670%29.jpg/220px-Cecil_Calvert%2C_2nd_Baron_Baltimore%2C_by_Gerard_Soest_%281670%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Charles II (1630–1685) was restored as King of England in 1660","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/King_Charles_II_by_John_Michael_Wright_or_studio.jpg/220px-King_Charles_II_by_John_Michael_Wright_or_studio.jpg"},{"image_text":"Charles Calvert, 3rd Lord Baltimore (1637–1714)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Charlescalvert_800.jpg/200px-Charlescalvert_800.jpg"},{"image_text":"Map of the rivers of the Eastern Shore of Maryland with the Sassafras and its watershed highlighted.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Sassafrasmap.png/270px-Sassafrasmap.png"},{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/45px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png"},{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png"}]
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[{"title":"Josias Fendall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Josias_Fendall"},{"title":"List of colonial governors of Maryland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Maryland"},{"title":"Province of Maryland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Maryland"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Proceedings of the Council of Maryland, 1693–1697\". Archives of Maryland. 20. State of Maryland: xii–xiv. 1900-08-01. Retrieved 2008-05-26.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.msa.md.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000020/html/am20p--13.html","url_text":"\"Proceedings of the Council of Maryland, 1693–1697\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertson_Group
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Robertson Group
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["1 History","2 Major projects","3 References"]
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Robertson GroupCompany typePrivateIndustryConstructionFacilities managementFounded1966HeadquartersElgin, ScotlandKey peopleSir Bill Robertson (Chairman)Elliot Robertson (CEO)Revenue £461.9 million (2021)Operating income £22.5 million (2021)Net income £19.1 million (2021)Websitewww.robertson.co.uk
Robertson Group is a large British construction company based in Elgin, Scotland, but also operating in the north and midlands of England. It is the largest construction company in Scotland.
History
The company was founded by Bill Robertson in Elgin in 1966. Following substantial growth in company's activities in the late 20th century and early 21st century, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the British Empire in the 2007 Birthday Honours, and was appointed a knight bachelor in the 2023 New Year Honours.
Major projects
Major projects undertaken by the company have included:
New Craigs Psychiatric Hospital in Inverness, completed in 2000
Chester-le-Street Hospital in County Durham, completed in 2003
County Community Hospital at Invergordon, completed in 2005
St George's Park Health Centre in Morpeth, completed in 2006
Midlothian Community Hospital in Bonnyrigg, completed in 2010
Murray Royal Hospital in Perth, completed in 2012
Balfour Hospital in Kirkwall, completed in 2019
The Event Complex Aberdeen, completed in 2019
Inverness Justice Centre completed in 2020
Poseidon Strategic Facility at RAF Lossiemouth, completed in 2020
References
^ a b c "Annual Report 2021". Robertson Group. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
^ "Top 10 Construction Companies in Scotland". Glenigan. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
^ "Robertson Group founder Bill Robertson knighted". Scottish Construction Now. 4 January 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
^ "No. 58358". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 June 2007. p. 8.
^ "No. 63918". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 2022. p. N2.
^ "New Craigs set to be location for midwifery hub in Highland capital". Northern Times. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
^ "New hospital opens its doors". BBC. 18 November 2003. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
^ "County Community Hospital, Invergordon". Sunday Post. 18 January 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
^ "The big move starts at new hospital". NewPost Leader. 15 May 2006. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019.
^ "Robertson Breaks Ground For New £18m Midlothian Community Hospital". Build Scotland. 18 March 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
^ "New chapter opens at Murray Royal". Daily Record. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
^ "NHS Orkney hospital tops out". Scottish Construction Now. 28 November 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
^ "Aberdeen's new £333 million event complex will officially be named P&J LIVE". Press and Journal. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
^ "Inverness Justice Centre". Scape. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
^ "Defence Secretary launches £132m Scots sub-hunting aircraft home". Royal Air Force. 19 April 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
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Category
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Elgin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elgin,_Moray"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Robertson Group is a large British construction company based in Elgin, Scotland, but also operating in the north and midlands of England. It is the largest construction company in Scotland.[2]","title":"Robertson Group"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Companion of the Order of the British Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire"},{"link_name":"2007 Birthday Honours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Birthday_Honours"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"knight bachelor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_bachelor"},{"link_name":"2023 New Year Honours","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_New_Year_Honours"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"The company was founded by Bill Robertson in Elgin in 1966.[3] Following substantial growth in company's activities in the late 20th century and early 21st century, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the British Empire in the 2007 Birthday Honours,[4] and was appointed a knight bachelor in the 2023 New Year Honours.[5]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"New Craigs Psychiatric Hospital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Craigs_Psychiatric_Hospital"},{"link_name":"Inverness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Chester-le-Street Hospital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester-le-Street_Hospital"},{"link_name":"County Durham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Durham"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"County Community Hospital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Community_Hospital,_Invergordon"},{"link_name":"Invergordon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invergordon"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"St George's Park Health Centre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_George%27s_Park,_Morpeth"},{"link_name":"Morpeth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpeth,_Northumberland"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Midlothian Community Hospital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midlothian_Community_Hospital"},{"link_name":"Bonnyrigg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnyrigg"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Murray Royal Hospital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Royal_Hospital"},{"link_name":"Perth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth,_Scotland"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Balfour Hospital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balfour_Hospital"},{"link_name":"Kirkwall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkwall"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"The Event Complex Aberdeen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%26J_Live"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Inverness Justice Centre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_Justice_Centre"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Poseidon Strategic Facility","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon"},{"link_name":"RAF Lossiemouth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Lossiemouth"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"Major projects undertaken by the company have included:New Craigs Psychiatric Hospital in Inverness, completed in 2000[6]\nChester-le-Street Hospital in County Durham, completed in 2003[7]\nCounty Community Hospital at Invergordon, completed in 2005[8]\nSt George's Park Health Centre in Morpeth, completed in 2006[9]\nMidlothian Community Hospital in Bonnyrigg, completed in 2010[10]\nMurray Royal Hospital in Perth, completed in 2012[11]\nBalfour Hospital in Kirkwall, completed in 2019[12]\nThe Event Complex Aberdeen, completed in 2019 [13]\nInverness Justice Centre completed in 2020[14]\nPoseidon Strategic Facility at RAF Lossiemouth, completed in 2020[15]","title":"Major projects"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Annual Report 2021\". Robertson Group. Retrieved 24 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/SC347921/filing-history","url_text":"\"Annual Report 2021\""}]},{"reference":"\"Top 10 Construction Companies in Scotland\". Glenigan. Retrieved 24 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.glenigan.com/construction-companies-in-scotland/","url_text":"\"Top 10 Construction Companies in Scotland\""}]},{"reference":"\"Robertson Group founder Bill Robertson knighted\". Scottish Construction Now. 4 January 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scottishconstructionnow.com/articles/robertson-group-founder-bill-robertson-knighted","url_text":"\"Robertson Group founder Bill Robertson knighted\""}]},{"reference":"\"No. 58358\". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 June 2007. p. 8.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/58358/supplement/8","url_text":"\"No. 58358\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_London_Gazette","url_text":"The London Gazette"}]},{"reference":"\"No. 63918\". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 2022. p. N2.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/63918/supplement/N2","url_text":"\"No. 63918\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_London_Gazette","url_text":"The London Gazette"}]},{"reference":"\"New Craigs set to be location for midwifery hub in Highland capital\". Northern Times. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 24 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.northern-times.co.uk/news/unused-ward-at-highland-capital-psychiatric-hospital-to-be-c-233400/","url_text":"\"New Craigs set to be location for midwifery hub in Highland capital\""}]},{"reference":"\"New hospital opens its doors\". BBC. 18 November 2003. Retrieved 24 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wear/3278791.stm","url_text":"\"New hospital opens its doors\""}]},{"reference":"\"County Community Hospital, Invergordon\". Sunday Post. 18 January 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-sunday-post-dundee/20150118/281943131272652","url_text":"\"County Community Hospital, Invergordon\""}]},{"reference":"\"The big move starts at new hospital\". NewPost Leader. 15 May 2006. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190419074612/https://www.newspostleader.co.uk/news/the-big-move-starts-at-new-hospital-1-1616798","url_text":"\"The big move starts at new hospital\""},{"url":"https://www.newspostleader.co.uk/news/the-big-move-starts-at-new-hospital-1-1616798","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Robertson Breaks Ground For New £18m Midlothian Community Hospital\". Build Scotland. 18 March 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.buildscotland.co.uk/construction-news/90952/robertson-breaks-ground-for-new-18m-midlothian-community-hospital","url_text":"\"Robertson Breaks Ground For New £18m Midlothian Community Hospital\""}]},{"reference":"\"New chapter opens at Murray Royal\". Daily Record. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/new-chapter-opens-murray-royal-2729342","url_text":"\"New chapter opens at Murray Royal\""}]},{"reference":"\"NHS Orkney hospital tops out\". Scottish Construction Now. 28 November 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scottishconstructionnow.com/article/nhs-orkney-hospital-tops-out","url_text":"\"NHS Orkney hospital tops out\""}]},{"reference":"\"Aberdeen's new £333 million event complex will officially be named P&J LIVE\". Press and Journal. Retrieved 24 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeen/1755910/revealed-aberdeens-new-333-million-event-complex-will-officially-be-named-pj-live-articleisfree/","url_text":"\"Aberdeen's new £333 million event complex will officially be named P&J LIVE\""}]},{"reference":"\"Inverness Justice Centre\". Scape. Retrieved 24 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.scape.co.uk/case-studies/inverness-justice-centre","url_text":"\"Inverness Justice Centre\""}]},{"reference":"\"Defence Secretary launches £132m Scots sub-hunting aircraft home\". Royal Air Force. 19 April 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.raf.mod.uk/news/defence-secretary-launches-132m-scots-sub-hunting-aircraft-home/","url_text":"\"Defence Secretary launches £132m Scots sub-hunting aircraft home\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.robertson.co.uk/","external_links_name":"www.robertson.co.uk"},{"Link":"https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/SC347921/filing-history","external_links_name":"\"Annual Report 2021\""},{"Link":"https://www.glenigan.com/construction-companies-in-scotland/","external_links_name":"\"Top 10 Construction Companies in Scotland\""},{"Link":"https://www.scottishconstructionnow.com/articles/robertson-group-founder-bill-robertson-knighted","external_links_name":"\"Robertson Group founder Bill Robertson knighted\""},{"Link":"https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/58358/supplement/8","external_links_name":"\"No. 58358\""},{"Link":"https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/63918/supplement/N2","external_links_name":"\"No. 63918\""},{"Link":"https://www.northern-times.co.uk/news/unused-ward-at-highland-capital-psychiatric-hospital-to-be-c-233400/","external_links_name":"\"New Craigs set to be location for midwifery hub in Highland capital\""},{"Link":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wear/3278791.stm","external_links_name":"\"New hospital opens its doors\""},{"Link":"https://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-sunday-post-dundee/20150118/281943131272652","external_links_name":"\"County Community Hospital, Invergordon\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190419074612/https://www.newspostleader.co.uk/news/the-big-move-starts-at-new-hospital-1-1616798","external_links_name":"\"The big move starts at new hospital\""},{"Link":"https://www.newspostleader.co.uk/news/the-big-move-starts-at-new-hospital-1-1616798","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.buildscotland.co.uk/construction-news/90952/robertson-breaks-ground-for-new-18m-midlothian-community-hospital","external_links_name":"\"Robertson Breaks Ground For New £18m Midlothian Community Hospital\""},{"Link":"https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/new-chapter-opens-murray-royal-2729342","external_links_name":"\"New chapter opens at Murray Royal\""},{"Link":"https://www.scottishconstructionnow.com/article/nhs-orkney-hospital-tops-out","external_links_name":"\"NHS Orkney hospital tops out\""},{"Link":"https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/aberdeen/1755910/revealed-aberdeens-new-333-million-event-complex-will-officially-be-named-pj-live-articleisfree/","external_links_name":"\"Aberdeen's new £333 million event complex will officially be named P&J LIVE\""},{"Link":"https://www.scape.co.uk/case-studies/inverness-justice-centre","external_links_name":"\"Inverness Justice Centre\""},{"Link":"https://www.raf.mod.uk/news/defence-secretary-launches-132m-scots-sub-hunting-aircraft-home/","external_links_name":"\"Defence Secretary launches £132m Scots sub-hunting aircraft home\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castro_del_R%C3%ADo
|
Castro del Río
|
["1 References","2 External links"]
|
Coordinates: 37°41′N 4°28′W / 37.683°N 4.467°W / 37.683; -4.467City in Córdoba, SpainCastro del Río, Spaincity
SealCountrySpainProvinceCórdobaMunicipalityCastro del RíoArea • Total218 km2 (84 sq mi)Elevation227 m (745 ft)Population (2018) • Total7,834 • Density36/km2 (93/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Castro del Río is a city located in the province of Córdoba, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the city has a population of 8074 inhabitants.
References
^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
External links
Castro del Río - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
vteMunicipalities in the province of Córdoba
Adamuz
Aguilar de la Frontera
Alcaracejos
Almedinilla
Almodóvar del Río
Añora
Baena
Belalcázar
Bélmez
Benamejí
Bujalance
Cabra
Cañete de las Torres
Carcabuey
Cardeña
Castro del Río
Conquista
Córdoba
Doña Mencía
Dos Torres
El Carpio
El Guijo
El Viso
Encinas Reales
Espejo
Espiel
Fernán Núñez
Fuente Carreteros
Fuente Obejuna
Fuente Palmera
Fuente la Lancha
Fuente-Tójar
Guadalcázar
Hinojosa del Duque
Hornachuelos
Iznájar
La Carlota
La Granjuela
La Guijarrosa
La Rambla
La Victoria
Los Blázquez
Lucena
Luque
Montalbán de Córdoba
Montemayor
Montilla
Montoro
Monturque
Moriles
Nueva Carteya
Obejo
Palenciana
Palma del Río
Pedro Abad
Pedroche
Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo
Posadas
Pozoblanco
Priego de Córdoba
Puente Genil
Rute
San Sebastián de los Ballesteros
Santa Eufemia
Santaella
Torrecampo
Valenzuela
Valsequillo
Villa del Río
Villafranca de Córdoba
Villaharta
Villanueva de Córdoba
Villanueva del Duque
Villanueva del Rey
Villaralto
Villaviciosa de Córdoba
Zuheros
37°41′N 4°28′W / 37.683°N 4.467°W / 37.683; -4.467
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
Spain
Israel
United States
This article about a location in Andalusia, Spain, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"province of Córdoba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_(Spanish_province)"},{"link_name":"census","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census"},{"link_name":"INE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_(Spain)"}],"text":"City in Córdoba, SpainCastro del Río is a city located in the province of Córdoba, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the city has a population of 8074 inhabitants.","title":"Castro del Río"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Statistics_Institute_(Spain)","url_text":"National Statistics Institute"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Castro_del_R%C3%ADo¶ms=37_41_N_4_28_W_region:ES_type:city","external_links_name":"37°41′N 4°28′W / 37.683°N 4.467°W / 37.683; -4.467"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070817104152/http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/institutodeestadistica/sima/htm/sm14019.htm","external_links_name":"Castro del Río"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Castro_del_R%C3%ADo¶ms=37_41_N_4_28_W_region:ES_type:city","external_links_name":"37°41′N 4°28′W / 37.683°N 4.467°W / 37.683; -4.467"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/139615112","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451730","external_links_name":"Spain"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007567166105171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85053072","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Castro_del_R%C3%ADo&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clyde_Kersey
|
Clyde Kersey
|
["1 References","2 External links"]
|
American politician
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Clyde KerseyMember of the Indiana House of Representativesfrom the 43rd districtIn officeNovember 6, 1996 – November 7, 2018Preceded byJohn KimmelSucceeded byTonya Pfaff
Personal detailsBorn (1937-11-04) November 4, 1937 (age 86)Terre Haute, IndianaPolitical partyDemocraticSpouseSusieResidenceTerre Haute, IndianaAlma materIndiana State University
Indiana UniversityProfessionEducator
Clyde R. Kersey (born 4 November 1937) is a Democratic member of the Indiana House of Representatives, representing the 43rd District since 1996. He is also a former member of the Vigo County Council from 1999 to 2004. In 2017, Kersey announced that he would not run for reelection to the State House.
References
^ "List of All Offices and Office Holders". 5 March 2015.
^ "Clyde Kersey". Ballotpedia. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
^ "State Rep. Clyde Kersey announces he will not seek re-election in 2018 – Indiana House Democratic Caucus". Archived from the original on 2018-04-09. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
External links
Indiana State Legislature - Representative Clyde Kersey Official government website
Project Vote Smart - Representative Clyde R. Kersey (IN) profile
Follow the Money - Clyde Kersey
2008 2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 campaign contributions
vteMembers of the Indiana House of Representatives123rd General Assembly (2023–2024)
Speaker
Todd Huston (R)
Majority Leader
Matt Lehman (R)
Minority Leader
Phil GiaQuinta (D)
▌Carolyn Jackson (D)
▌Earl Harris Jr. (D)
▌Ragen Hatcher (D)
▌Edmond Soliday (R)
▌Dale DeVon (R)
▌Maureen Bauer (D)
▌Jake Teshka (R)
▌Ryan Dvorak (D)
▌Pat Boy (D)
▌Charles Moseley (D)
▌Michael Aylesworth (R)
▌Mike Andrade (D)
▌Sharon Negele (R)
▌Vernon Smith (D)
▌Hal Slager (R)
▌Kendell Culp (R)
▌Jack Jordan (R)
▌David Abbott (R)
▌Julie Olthoff (R)
▌Jim Pressel (R)
▌Timothy Wesco (R)
▌Craig Snow (R)
▌Ethan Manning (R)
▌Donna Schaibley (R)
▌Becky Cash (R)
▌Chris Campbell (D)
▌Sheila Klinker (D)
▌Jeff Thompson (R)
▌Chuck Goodrich (R)
▌Michael Karickhoff (R)
▌Lori Goss-Reaves (R)
▌Victoria Wilburn (D)
▌John Prescott (R)
▌Sue Errington (D)
▌Elizabeth Rowray (R)
▌Kyle Pierce (R)
▌Todd Huston (R)
▌Heath VanNatter (R)
▌Jerry Torr (R)
▌Greg Steuerwald (R)
▌Mark Genda (R)
▌Alan Morrison (R)
▌Tonya Pfaff (D)
▌Beau Baird (R)
▌Bruce Borders (R)
▌Bob Heaton (R)
▌Robb Greene (R)
▌Douglas Miller (R)
▌Joanna King (R)
▌Lorissa Sweet (R)
▌Dennis Zent (R)
▌Ben Smaltz (R)
▌Bob Cherry (R)
▌Cory Criswell (R)
▌Lindsay Patterson (R)
▌Bradford Barrett (R)
▌Craig Haggard (R)
▌Michelle Davis (R)
▌Ryan Lauer (R)
▌Peggy Mayfield (R)
▌Matt Pierce (D)
▌Dave Hall (R)
▌Shane Lindauer (R)
▌Matt Hostettler (R)
▌Christopher May (R)
▌Zach Payne (R)
▌Alex Zimmerman (R)
▌Randy Lyness (R)
▌Jim Lucas (R)
▌Karen Engleman (R)
▌Wendy Dant Chesser (D)
▌Edward Clere (R)
▌Jennifer Meltzer (R)
▌Stephen Bartels (R)
▌Cindy Ledbetter (R)
▌Wendy McNamara (R)
▌Ryan Hatfield (D)
▌Tim O'Brien (R)
▌Matt Lehman (R)
▌Phil GiaQuinta (D)
▌Martin Carbaugh (R)
▌Kyle Miller (D)
▌Christopher Judy (R)
▌Robert Morris (R)
▌Dave Heine (R)
▌Ed DeLaney (D)
▌Carey Hamilton (D)
▌Chris Jeter (R)
▌Mitch Gore (D)
▌Mike Speedy (R)
▌Robert Behning (R)
▌Renee Pack (D)
▌Julie McGuire (R)
▌Cherrish Pryor (D)
▌John Bartlett (D)
▌Greg Porter (D)
▌Justin Moed (D)
▌Robin Shackleford (D)
▌Vanessa Summers (D)
▌Blake Johnson (D)
▌Republican (70)
▌Democratic (30)
Indiana General Assembly
Indiana House of Representatives
Indiana Senate
This article about an Indiana politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Democratic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Indiana House of Representatives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_House_of_Representatives"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Clyde R. Kersey (born 4 November 1937) is a Democratic member of the Indiana House of Representatives, representing the 43rd District since 1996. He is also a former member of the Vigo County Council from 1999 to 2004. In 2017, Kersey announced that he would not run for reelection to the State House.[3]","title":"Clyde Kersey"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"List of All Offices and Office Holders\". 5 March 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.capitolandwashington.com/offices/all-offices/143/","url_text":"\"List of All Offices and Office Holders\""}]},{"reference":"\"Clyde Kersey\". Ballotpedia. Retrieved July 25, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://ballotpedia.org/Clyde_Kersey","url_text":"\"Clyde Kersey\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballotpedia","url_text":"Ballotpedia"}]},{"reference":"\"State Rep. Clyde Kersey announces he will not seek re-election in 2018 – Indiana House Democratic Caucus\". Archived from the original on 2018-04-09. Retrieved 2018-04-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180409043935/http://indianahousedemocrats.org/state-rep-clyde-kersey-announces-he-will-not-seek-re-election-in-2018/","url_text":"\"State Rep. Clyde Kersey announces he will not seek re-election in 2018 – Indiana House Democratic Caucus\""},{"url":"http://indianahousedemocrats.org/state-rep-clyde-kersey-announces-he-will-not-seek-re-election-in-2018/","url_text":"the original"}]}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reservoirs_and_dams_in_South_Africa
|
List of dams in South Africa
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The following is a partial list of dams in South Africa.
In South African English (as well as Afrikaans), a dam refers to both the wall as well as the reservoir or lake that builds up as a consequence.
List of dams (reservoirs)
Name(Alt.)
Nearestlocale
province
Impounds
Yearcompleted(commissioned)
Reservoir volume ML
Surfacearea(km2)
Wallheight(meter)
Mapref
Albasini Dam
Louis Trichardt
Limpopo
Levubu River (Luvuvhu River)
1952
28,200
3.498
34
23°6′30″S 30°7′48″E / 23.10833°S 30.13000°E / -23.10833; 30.13000 (Albasini Dam)
Albert Falls Dam
Pietermaritzburg
KZN
Umgeni River
1976
288,100
23.521
33
29°26′10″S 30°23′18″E / 29.43611°S 30.38833°E / -29.43611; 30.38833 (Albert Falls Dam)
Alexandra Dam
Cape Town
Western Cape
Disa River
1903
126
0.03
12.1
33°59′17″S 18°24′42″E / 33.98806°S 18.41167°E / -33.98806; 18.41167 (Alexandra Dam)
Allemanskraal Dam
Ventersburg
Free State
Sand River
1960
174,500
26.481
38
28°17′15″S 27°9′1″E / 28.28750°S 27.15028°E / -28.28750; 27.15028 (Allemanskraal Dam)
Alphen Dam
Stellenbosch
Western Cape
Bonte River
1990
70
0.8
18.3
34°00′42″S 18°52′25″E / 34.01167°S 18.87361°E / -34.01167; 18.87361 (Alphen Dam)
Arieskraal Dam
Grabouw
Western Cape
Palmiet River
1987
17,330
1.42
34°14′40″S 18°59′03″E / 34.24444°S 18.98417°E / -34.24444; 18.98417 (Arieskraal Dam)
Armenia Dam
Hobhouse
Free State
Leeu River
1954
13,000
3.933
22
29°21′52″S 27°7′44″E / 29.36444°S 27.12889°E / -29.36444; 27.12889 (Armenia Dam)
Beervlei Dam
Willowmore
Eastern Cape
Groot River
1957
85,800
23.145
31
33°4′37″S 23°29′26″E / 33.07694°S 23.49056°E / -33.07694; 23.49056 (Beervlei Dam)
Bedford Dam
NE van Reenen Pass
Free State
2011
22,000
2.55
41
28°14′20″S 29°35′8″E / 28.23889°S 29.58556°E / -28.23889; 29.58556 (Bedford Dam)
Berg River Dam
Franschhoek
Western Cape
Berg River
2007
130,010
5.260
68
33°54′34″S 19°03′21″E / 33.90944°S 19.05583°E / -33.90944; 19.05583 (Berg River Dam)
Binfield Park Dam
Alice, Eastern Cape
Eastern Cape
Tyhume River
1986 (1987)
36,830
1.870
60
32°41′55″S 26°54′18″E / 32.69861°S 26.90500°E / -32.69861; 26.90500 (Binfield Park Dam)
Bivane Dam (Paris Dam)
Vryheid
KZN
Bivane River
2000
115,200
7
72
27°31′10″S 31°3′15″E / 27.51944°S 31.05417°E / -27.51944; 31.05417 (Bivane Dam)
Bloemhoek Dam
Kroonstad
Free State
Jordaan Spruit
1976
26,400
2.800
28
27°38′1″S 27°17′0″E / 27.63361°S 27.28333°E / -27.63361; 27.28333 (Bloemhoek Dam)
Bloemhof Dam (Oppermansdrif)
Bloemhof
border North West Free State
Vaal River
1970
1,240,200
230.665
33
27°40′5″S 25°37′3″E / 27.66806°S 25.61750°E / -27.66806; 25.61750 (Bloemhof Dam)
Blyderivierpoort Dam
Hoedspruit
Mpumalanga
Blyde River
1974
54,400
2.494
71
24°32′15″S 30°47′20″E / 24.53750°S 30.78889°E / -24.53750; 30.78889 (Blyderivierpoort Dam)
Boegoeberg Dam
Prieska
Northern Cape
Orange River
1929
19,800
7.423
12
29°2′30″S 22°12′13″E / 29.04167°S 22.20361°E / -29.04167; 22.20361 (Boegoeberg Dam)
Bon Accord Dam
Tshwane
Gauteng
Apies River
1925
4,400
1.440
18
25°37′45″S 28°11′21″E / 25.62917°S 28.18917°E / -25.62917; 28.18917 (Bon Accord Dam)
Bongolo Dam (Bonkolo)
Queenstown
Eastern Cape
Komani River
1908
7,015
1.1
24
31°52′04″S 26°55′15″E / 31.86778°S 26.92083°E / -31.86778; 26.92083 (Bongolo Dam)
Boskop Dam
Potchefstroom
North West
Mooi River
1959
20,840
3.741
33
26°33′42″S 27°6′41″E / 26.56167°S 27.11139°E / -26.56167; 27.11139 (Boskop Dam)
Boschmanskop No 1 Dam
Middelburg
Mpumalanga
Woes-Alleen River
1995
14,400
0.185
22
26°1′6″S 29°37′50″E / 26.01833°S 29.63056°E / -26.01833; 29.63056 (Boschmanskop No 1 Dam)
Bospoort Dam
Rustenburg
North West
Hex River
1933
15,800
3.741
28
25°33′45″S 27°21′14″E / 25.56250°S 27.35389°E / -25.56250; 27.35389 (Bospoort Dam)
Bramhoek Dam
NE van Reenen Pass
KZN
Braamhoek Spruit
2011
22,000
2.56
27.5
28°18′41″S 29°34′35″E / 28.31139°S 29.57639°E / -28.31139; 29.57639 (Braamhoek Dam)
Brandvlei Dam
Rawsonville
Western Cape
Lower Brandvlei River
1983
286,040
24.49
14
33°41′20″S 19°22′40″E / 33.68889°S 19.37778°E / -33.68889; 19.37778 (Greater Brandvlei Dam)
Bridle Drift Dam
East London
Eastern Cape
Buffels River
1969
101,600
7.460
55
32°59′22″S 27°43′14″E / 32.98944°S 27.72056°E / -32.98944; 27.72056 (Bridal Drift Dam)
Bronkhorstspruit Dam
Bronkhorstspruit
Gauteng
Bronkhorst Spruit
1950
57,400
9.609
35
25°53′15″S 28°43′15″E / 25.88750°S 28.72083°E / -25.88750; 28.72083 (Bronkhorstspruit Dam)
Buffeljags Dam
Swellendam
Western Cape
Buffeljags River
1967
4,540
1.269
24
34°01′07″S 20°31′58″E / 34.01861°S 20.53278°E / -34.01861; 20.53278 (Buffeljags Dam)
Buffelspoort Dam
Rustenburg
North West
Sterkstroom River
1934
10,251
1.357
34
25°46′50″S 27°29′1″E / 25.78056°S 27.48361°E / -25.78056; 27.48361 (Buffelspoort Dam)
Ceres Koekedouw Dam
Ceres
Western Cape
Koekedouw River
2001
17,200
1.07
60
33°21′45″S 19°16′31″E / 33.36250°S 19.27528°E / -33.36250; 19.27528 (Ceres Koekedouw Dam)
Churchill Dam (Krom River Dam)
Kareedouw
Eastern Cape
Krom River
1943
35,500
2.492
43
34°00′03″S 24°29′36″E / 34.00083°S 24.49333°E / -34.00083; 24.49333 (Churchill Dam)
Clanwilliam Dam
Clanwilliam
Western Cape
Olifants River
1935
121,800
11.236
43
32°11′5″S 18°52′29″E / 32.18472°S 18.87472°E / -32.18472; 18.87472 (Clanwilliam Dam)
Craigie Burn Dam
Greytown
KZN
Mnyamvubu River
1963
22,500
2.073
38
29°9′47″S 30°17′2″E / 29.16306°S 30.28389°E / -29.16306; 30.28389 (Craigie Burn Dam)
Dap Naudé Dam
Polokwane
Limpopo
Broederstroom River
1958
1,900
.281
23
23°48′49″S 29°57′59″E / 23.81361°S 29.96639°E / -23.81361; 29.96639 (Dap Naude Dam)
Da Gama Dam
White River
Mpumalanga
Witwaters River
1971
13,578
1.289
38
25°8′30″S 31°1′1″E / 25.14167°S 31.01694°E / -25.14167; 31.01694 (Da Gama Dam)
Damani Dam (Mvuwe Dame)
Thohoyandou
Limpopo
Mbwedi River
1991
11,000
1.30
28
22°51′3″S 30°30′56″E / 22.85083°S 30.51556°E / -22.85083; 30.51556 (Damani Dam)
Darlington Dam (Lake Mentz)
Kirkwood
Eastern Cape
Sundays River
1922
188,800
34.527
48
33°12′22″S 25°8′59″E / 33.20611°S 25.14972°E / -33.20611; 25.14972 (Darlington Dam)
De Bos Dam
Hemel En Aarde
Western Cape
Onus River
1994
5,740
0.43
24
34°22′05″S 19°14′01″E / 34.36806°S 19.23361°E / -34.36806; 19.23361 (De Bos Dam)
De Hoop Dam
Graaff-Reinet
Eastern Cape
Kamdeboo River
1938
14,500
21
32°27′1″S 24°25′4″E / 32.45028°S 24.41778°E / -32.45028; 24.41778 (De Hoop Dam)
De Hoop Dam (Limpopo)
Steelpoort
Limpopo
Steelpoort River
2014
348,700
16.9
81
24°57′27″S 29°57′23″E / 24.95750°S 29.95639°E / -24.95750; 29.95639 (De Hoop Dam)
De Villiers Dam
Cape Town
Western Cape
Disa River
1910
243
28
33°59′31″S 18°24′35″E / 33.99194°S 18.40972°E / -33.99194; 18.40972 (De Villiers Dam)
Disaneng Dam
Mmabatho
North West
Molopo River
1980
17,400
4.253
17
25°49′25″S 25°18′20″E / 25.82361°S 25.30556°E / -25.82361; 25.30556 (Disaneng Dam)
Doorndraai Dam
Mokopane
Limpopo
Sterk River
1952
43,800
5.606
25
24°16′45″S 28°46′1″E / 24.27917°S 28.76694°E / -24.27917; 28.76694 (Doorndraai Dam)
Doring River Dam
Indwe
Eastern Cape
Doring River
1971
19,690
3.592
35
31°30′47″S 27°20′30″E / 31.51306°S 27.34167°E / -31.51306; 27.34167 (Doring River Dam)
Douglas Weir
Douglas
Northern Cape
Vaal River
1977
16,700
7.991
10
29°2′37″S 23°50′11″E / 29.04361°S 23.83639°E / -29.04361; 23.83639 (Douglas Weir)
Driekloof Dam
Hermanus
Western Cape
Klip River
1989
263
0.56
15
28°31′58.5″S 29°4′05.9″E / 28.532917°S 29.068306°E / -28.532917; 29.068306 (Driekloof Dam)
Driekloof Dam
Harrismith
Free State
Nuwejaar Spruit
1979
32,071
1.906
47
28°31′1″S 29°4′1″E / 28.51694°S 29.06694°E / -28.51694; 29.06694 (Driekloof Dam)
Driekoppies Dam
Malelane
Mpumalanga
Lomati River
1998
250,900
18.700
50
25°42′42″S 31°31′49″E / 25.71167°S 31.53028°E / -25.71167; 31.53028 (Driekoppies Dam)
Driel Barrage
Bergville
KZN
Tugela River
1973
8700
2.99
22
28°45′46″S 29°17′27″E / 28.76278°S 29.29083°E / -28.76278; 29.29083 (Driel Barrage)
Ebenezer Dam
Tzaneen
Limpopo
Groot Letaba River
1959
69,100
3.862
61
23°56′30″S 29°59′1″E / 23.94167°S 29.98361°E / -23.94167; 29.98361 (Ebenezer Dam)
Egmont Dam
Van Stadensrus
Free State
Witte Spruit
1937
9300
2.442
25
30°03′10″S 27°01′39″E / 30.05278°S 27.02750°E / -30.05278; 27.02750 (Egmont Dam)
Eikenhof Dam
Grabouw
Western Cape
Palmiet River
1977
28,900
2.40
46
34°7′46″S 19°2′5″E / 34.12944°S 19.03472°E / -34.12944; 19.03472 (Eikenhof Dam)
Elandskloof Dam
Villiersdorp
Western Cape
Elands River
1976
11,017
0.700
69
33°57′1″S 19°17′1″E / 33.95028°S 19.28361°E / -33.95028; 19.28361 (Elandskloof Dam)
Elandskuil Dam
North West
Swartleegte River
1969
1181
0.45
11
26°20′34″S 26°46′42″E / 26.34278°S 26.77833°E / -26.34278; 26.77833 (Elandskuil Dam)
Emmarentia Dam
Johannesburg
Gauteng
Braamfontein Spruit
1912
250
0.09
11
26°09′01″S 28°00′21″E / 26.15028°S 28.00583°E / -26.15028; 28.00583 (Emmarentia Dam)
Engelhard Dam
Letaba camp, Kruger National Park
Limpopo
Letaba River
~1975
23°50′30″S 31°38′15″E / 23.84167°S 31.63750°E / -23.84167; 31.63750 (Engelhard Dam)
Erfenis Dam
Theunissen
Free State
Groot-Vet River
1960
206,100
32.821
46
28°30′39″S 26°46′38″E / 28.51083°S 26.77722°E / -28.51083; 26.77722 (Erfenis Dam)
Fika-Patso Dam
Phuthaditjhaba
Free State
Namahadi River
1987
28,000
1.585
65
28°40′20″S 28°51′24″E / 28.67222°S 28.85667°E / -28.67222; 28.85667 (Fika-Patso Dam)
Flag Boshielo Dam
Marble Hall
Limpopo
Olifants River
1987
185,100
12.877
36
24°47′0″S 29°25′40″E / 24.78333°S 29.42778°E / -24.78333; 29.42778 (Flag Boshielo Dam)
Floriskraal Dam
Laingsburg
Western Cape
Buffels River
1957
50,334
7.592
33
33°17′30″S 20°59′26″E / 33.29167°S 20.99056°E / -33.29167; 20.99056 (Floriskraal Dam)
Gamkapoort Dam
Prince Albert
Western Cape
Gamka River
1969
37,213
6.015
42
33°18′33″S 21°38′1″E / 33.30917°S 21.63361°E / -33.30917; 21.63361 (Gamkapoort Dam)
Garden Route Dam
George
Western Cape
Swart River
1984
9,980
0.871
33°57′51″S 22°30′51″E / 33.96417°S 22.51417°E / -33.96417; 22.51417 (Garden Route Dam)
Gariep Dam (Hendrik Verwoerd Dam)
Norvalspont
Free State
Orange River
1971
5,340,600
352.162
88
30°37′30″S 25°30′58″E / 30.62500°S 25.51611°E / -30.62500; 25.51611 (Gariep Dam)
Glen Alpine Dam
Mokopane
Limpopo
Mogalakwena River
1968
18,900
4.613
28
23°11′30″S 28°41′5″E / 23.19167°S 28.68472°E / -23.19167; 28.68472 (Glen Alpine Dam)
Glen Melville Dam
Grahamstown
Eastern Cape
Orange–Fish River Tunnel
1992
6,300
33°11′6″S 26°39′19″E / 33.18500°S 26.65528°E / -33.18500; 26.65528 (Glen Melville Reservoir)
Goedertrouw Dam
Eshowe
KZN
Mhlatuze River
1982
301,300
11.939
88
28°46′17″S 31°28′7″E / 28.77139°S 31.46861°E / -28.77139; 31.46861 (Goedertrouw Dam)
Grassridge Dam
Hofmeyer
Eastern Cape
Great Brak River
1924
46,200
14.145
24
31°45′30″S 25°28′1″E / 31.75833°S 25.46694°E / -31.75833; 25.46694 (Grassridge Dam)
Grey Dam
Grahamstown
Eastern Cape
Bloukrans River
1859
68
33°19′29″S 26°31′40″E / 33.32472°S 26.52778°E / -33.32472; 26.52778 (Grey Dam)
Groendal Dam
Uitenhage
Eastern Cape
Swartkops River
1934
12,100
0.960
33°42′26″S 25°15′57″E / 33.70722°S 25.26583°E / -33.70722; 25.26583 (Groendal Dam)
Grootdraai Dam
Standerton
Mpumalanga
Vaal River
1981
349,500
38.813
42
26°55′9″S 29°17′1″E / 26.91917°S 29.28361°E / -26.91917; 29.28361 (Grootdraai Dam)
Gubu Dam
Stutterheim
Eastern Cape
Gubu River
1971
8,666
1.1
26
32°36′35″S 27°16′41″E / 32.60972°S 27.27806°E / -32.60972; 27.27806 (Gubu Dam)
Hartbeespoort Dam
Brits
North West
Crocodile River
1925
186,400
20.652
59
25°43′33″S 27°50′55″E / 25.72583°S 27.84861°E / -25.72583; 27.84861 (Hartbeespoort Dam)
Hazelmere Dam
Hazelmere
KZN
Mdloti River
1977
37,133
1.813
50
29°36′1″S 31°2′30″E / 29.60028°S 31.04167°E / -29.60028; 31.04167 (Hazelmere Dam)
Hellsgate Dam
Uitenhage
Eastern Cape
Klip River
1910
120
26
Hely-Hutchinson Dam
Cape Town
Western Cape
Disa River
1904
925
0.16
33°58′38″S 18°24′28″E / 33.97722°S 18.40778°E / -33.97722; 18.40778 (Hely-Hutchinson Dam)
Heyshope Dam
Piet Retief
Mpumalanga
Assegaai River
1983
451,300
50.238
29
26°59′45″S 30°31′50″E / 26.99583°S 30.53056°E / -26.99583; 30.53056 (Heyshope Dam)
Hluhluwe Dam
Hluhluwe
KZN
Hluhluwe River
1965
25,900
3.64
33
28°7′19″S 32°10′45″E / 28.12194°S 32.17917°E / -28.12194; 32.17917 (Hluhluwe Dam)
Holo Hlahatse Dam
Jozana's Hoek Sterkspruit
Eastern Cape
Hlatimnyama and Mhlangeni Rivers
10,000
0.8
30
30°38′12″S 27°22′11″E / 30.63667°S 27.36972°E / -30.63667; 27.36972 (Holo Hlahatse Dam)
Howieson's Poort Dam (Howison's Poort)
Grahamstown
Eastern Cape
Kariega River
1931
227
33°23′9″S 26°28′59″E / 33.38583°S 26.48306°E / -33.38583; 26.48306 (Howieson's Poort Dam)
Impofu Dam
Humansdorp
Eastern Cape
Krom River
1982
105,800
6.350
75
34°5′44″S 24°41′25″E / 34.09556°S 24.69028°E / -34.09556; 24.69028 (Impofu Dam)
Inanda Dam
Hillcrest
KZN
Umgeni River
1989
241,700
14.633
65
29°42′1″S 30°52′1″E / 29.70028°S 30.86694°E / -29.70028; 30.86694 (Inanda Dam)
Injaka Dam (also spelled Inyaka)
Hazyview
Mpumalanga
Marite River
2002
123,700
8.111
53
24°53′6″S 31°5′5″E / 24.88500°S 31.08472°E / -24.88500; 31.08472 (Injaka Dam)
Jericho Dam
Amsterdam
Mpumalanga
Mpama River
1966
59,500
9.825
22
26°39′15″S 30°29′10″E / 26.65417°S 30.48611°E / -26.65417; 30.48611 (Jericho Dam)
J.L. de Bruin Dam
Burgersdorp
Eastern Cape
Klein Buffel River
1982
1696
0.06
15
31°01′44″S 26°37′25″E / 31.02889°S 26.62361°E / -31.02889; 26.62361 (J.L. de Bruin Dam)
Kalkfontein Dam
Koffiefontein
Free State
Riet River
1938
325,100
37.697
36
29°29′45″S 25°13′20″E / 29.49583°S 25.22222°E / -29.49583; 25.22222 (Kalkfontein Dam)
Kammanassie Dam
De Rust
Western Cape
Kammanassie River
1923
35,870
3.516
35
33°38′39″S 22°24′31″E / 33.64417°S 22.40861°E / -33.64417; 22.40861 (Kammanassie Dam)
Katrivier Dam
Seymour
Eastern Cape
Kat River
1969
24,690
2.129
55
32°34′15″S 26°45′1″E / 32.57083°S 26.75028°E / -32.57083; 26.75028 (Katrivier Dam)
Katse Dam
Lesotho
Malibamat'so River
1996
1,950,000
35.80
185
29°20′13″S 28°30′22″E / 29.33694°S 28.50611°E / -29.33694; 28.50611 (Katse Dam)
Keerom Dam
Worcester
Western Cape
Nuy River
1954
10,400
1.17
40
33°35′10″S 19°42′27″E / 33.58611°S 19.70750°E / -33.58611; 19.70750 (Keerom Dam)
Kettingspruit Dam
Mpumalanga
tributary of Ketting Spruit
2006
70,000
0.027
8.5
24°10′10″S 30°31′0″E / 24.16944°S 30.51667°E / -24.16944; 30.51667 (Kettingspruit Dam)
Kilburn Dam
Bergville
KZN
Mnjaneni River
1981
35,577
1.947
51
28°35′25″S 29°6′15″E / 28.59028°S 29.10417°E / -28.59028; 29.10417 (Kilburn Dam)
Kleinplaats Dam
Simon's Town
Western Cape
1,368
0.24
Klerkskraal Dam
Ventersdorp
North West
Mooi River
1965
7,900
3.773
15
26°13′59″S 27°08′55″E / 26.23306°S 27.14861°E / -26.23306; 27.14861 (Klerkskraal Dam)
Klipberg Dam
McGregor
Western Cape
Konings River
1964
1,980
0.26
29
33°56′29″S 19°47′36″E / 33.94139°S 19.79333°E / -33.94139; 19.79333 (Klipberg Dam)
Klipdrif Dam
Potchefstroom
North West
Loop Spruit
1918
13,300
4.713
12
26°37′0″S 27°18′1″E / 26.61667°S 27.30028°E / -26.61667; 27.30028 (Klipdrif Dam)
Klipfontein Dam
Vryheid
KZN
White Mfolozi River
1983
18,080
2.95
28
27°50′11″S 30°48′51″E / 27.83639°S 30.81417°E / -27.83639; 30.81417 (Klipfontein Dam)
Klipkoppie Dam
White River
Mpumalanga
White River
1960
12,256
2.354
20
25°13′1″S 31°1′10″E / 25.21694°S 31.01944°E / -25.21694; 31.01944 (Klipkoppie Dam)
Klipvoor Dam
Brits
North West
Pienaars River
1970
47,000
7.532
30
25°7′54″S 27°48′33″E / 25.13167°S 27.80917°E / -25.13167; 27.80917 (Klipvoor Dam)
Knellpoort Dam
Wepener
Free State
Riet Spruit
1988
130,000
9.854
50
29°46′54″S 26°53′19″E / 29.78167°S 26.88861°E / -29.78167; 26.88861 (Knellpoort Dam)
Kogelberg Dam
Grabouw
Western Cape
Palmiet River
1986
17,330
1.428
54
34°12′57″S 18°58′31″E / 34.21583°S 18.97528°E / -34.21583; 18.97528 (Kogelberg Dam)
Kommandodrif Dam
Cradock
Eastern Cape
Tarka River
1956
58,114
8.820
39
32°7′1″S 26°3′9″E / 32.11694°S 26.05250°E / -32.11694; 26.05250 (Kommandodrif Dam)
Koppies Dam
Koppies
Free State
Renoster River
1911
42,300
13.622
25
27°15′25″S 27°40′15″E / 27.25694°S 27.67083°E / -27.25694; 27.67083 (Koppies Dam)
Korintepoort Dam
Krantz Kloof
Western Cape
Korinte River
1966
8,090
1.029
16
34°00′17″S 21°09′56″E / 34.00472°S 21.16556°E / -34.00472; 21.16556 (Korenteport Dam)
Kouga Dam (Paul Sauer Dam)
Patensie
Eastern Cape
Kouga River
1969
125,900
5.545
81
33°44′28″S 24°35′18″E / 33.74111°S 24.58833°E / -33.74111; 24.58833 (Kouga Dam)
Kromfonteinlower (Wilge) Cofferdam
Witbank
Mpumalanga
Steenkool Spruit
1992
13,000
0.300
17
26°5′0″S 29°15′30″E / 26.08333°S 29.25833°E / -26.08333; 29.25833 (Kromfonteinlower (Wilge) Cofferdam)
Kromfontein Middle Cofferdam
Witbank
Mpumalanga
Steenkool Spruit
1990
18,000
16
26°7′0″S 29°15′20″E / 26.11667°S 29.25556°E / -26.11667; 29.25556 (Kromfontein Middle Cofferdam)
Krugersdrift
Bloemfontein
Free State
Modder River
1970
66,000
18.525
26
28°53′1″S 25°57′30″E / 28.88361°S 25.95833°E / -28.88361; 25.95833 (Krugersdrift)
Kruismansrivier Dam
Western Cape
Kruismans River
1997
1,500
0.18
18
32°44′35″S 18°50′10″E / 32.74306°S 18.83611°E / -32.74306; 18.83611 (Kruismansrivier Dam)
Kwaggaskloof Dam
Worcester
Western Cape
Wabooms River
1975
169,410
16.12
18
33°45′46″S 19°28′18″E / 33.76278°S 19.47167°E / -33.76278; 19.47167 (Kwaggaskloof Dam)
Kwene Dam (Braam Raubenheimer Dam)
Lydenburg
Mpumalanga
Crocodile River
1987
158,900
12.504
52
25°21′45″S 30°22′30″E / 25.36250°S 30.37500°E / -25.36250; 30.37500 (Kwena Dam)
Lady Grey Dam
Lady Grey
Eastern Cape
Wilgespruit
1925
153
0.018
23
30°42′41″S 27°14′26″E / 30.71139°S 27.24056°E / -30.71139; 27.24056 (Lady Grey Dam)
Laing Dam
East London
Eastern Cape
Buffalo River
1951
19,860
2.038
45
32°57′59″S 27°29′22″E / 32.96639°S 27.48944°E / -32.96639; 27.48944 (Laing Dam)
Lake Arthur Dam
Cradock
Eastern Cape
Tarka River
1924
10,700
8.867
38
32°13′1″S 25°49′45″E / 32.21694°S 25.82917°E / -32.21694; 25.82917 (Lake Arthur Dam)
Lake Mzingazi Dam
Richards Bay
KZN
Mzingazi River
1942
37,000
11.000
8
28°46′1″S 32°5′1″E / 28.76694°S 32.08361°E / -28.76694; 32.08361 (Lake Mzingazi Dam)
Lakenvallei Dam
Ceres
Western Cape
Sanddrifskloof River
1974
10,300
0.825
56
33°22′0″S 19°34′52″E / 33.36667°S 19.58111°E / -33.36667; 19.58111 (Lakenvallei Dam)
Land-en-Zeezicht Dam
Helderberg
Western Cape
451
Leeu-Gamka Dam
Beaufort West
Western Cape
Leeuw River
1958
13,600
4.258
15
32°37′23″S 22°00′13″E / 32.62306°S 22.00361°E / -32.62306; 22.00361 (Leeu-Gamka Dam)
Lewis Gay Dam
Simon's Town
Western Cape
182
Lindleyspoort Dam
Swartruggens
North West
Elands River
1943
14,381
1.801
39
25°29′50″S 26°41′32″E / 25.49722°S 26.69222°E / -25.49722; 26.69222 (Lindleyspoort Dam)
Loskop Dam
Groblersdal
Mpumalanga
Olifants River
1939
361,500
24.277
54
25°25′1″S 29°21′1″E / 25.41694°S 29.35028°E / -25.41694; 29.35028 (Loskop Dam)
Lubisi Dam
Qamata
Eastern Cape
Indwe River
1968
158,000
11.290
52
31°47′45″S 27°25′0″E / 31.79583°S 27.41667°E / -31.79583; 27.41667 (Lubisi Dam)
Luphephe Dam
Musina
Limpopo
Luphephe River
1963
14,000
1.416
42
22°38′4″S 30°24′8″E / 22.63444°S 30.40222°E / -22.63444; 30.40222 (Luphephe Dam)
Madikwe Dam
Madikwe
North West
Thulane River
1976
14,000
4.318
17
25°23′36″S 26°35′51″E / 25.39333°S 26.59750°E / -25.39333; 26.59750 (Madikwe Dam)
Makuleke Dam
Giyani
Limpopo
Mphongolo River
1990
13,000
0.750
22
22°52′3″S 30°54′18″E / 22.86750°S 30.90500°E / -22.86750; 30.90500 (Makuleke Dam)
Marico-Bosveld Dam
Groot Marico
North West
Groot Marico River
1933
27,813
4.376
34
25°28′15″S 26°23′50″E / 25.47083°S 26.39722°E / -25.47083; 26.39722 (Marico-Bosveld Dam)
Metz Dam
Trichardsdal
Limpopo
Mortladime River
385
0.55
18
Middelburg Dam
Middelburg
Mpumalanga
Klein Olifants River
1978
48,435
4.680
36
25°46′31″S 29°32′46″E / 25.77528°S 29.54611°E / -25.77528; 29.54611 (Middelburg Dam)
Middle Letaba Dam
Giyani
Limpopo
Middle Letaba River
1984
171,900
18.787
34
23°16′26″S 30°24′12″E / 23.27389°S 30.40333°E / -23.27389; 30.40333 (Middle Letaba Dam)
Midmar Dam
Howick
KZN
Umgeni
1965
235,400
15.643
32
29°29′43″S 30°12′1″E / 29.49528°S 30.20028°E / -29.49528; 30.20028 (Midmar Dam)
Misverstand Dam
Porterville
Western Cape
Berg River
1977
6,400
2.552
26
33°01′32″S 18°47′20″E / 33.02556°S 18.78889°E / -33.02556; 18.78889 (Misverstand Dam)
Modderpoort Dam
Beaufort West
Northern Cape
Rietfontein River
1953
10,000
0.125
15
31°56′43″S 22°8′40″E / 31.94528°S 22.14444°E / -31.94528; 22.14444 (Modderpoort Dam)
Mohale Dam
Lesotho
Senqunyane River
2002
938,000
22.0
144
29°27′24″S 28°05′45″E / 29.45667°S 28.09583°E / -29.45667; 28.09583 (Mohale Dam)
Mokolo Dam (Hans Strijdom Dam)
Lephalale
Limpopo
Mokolo River
1980
145,400
8.288
57
23°58′30″S 27°43′1″E / 23.97500°S 27.71694°E / -23.97500; 27.71694 (Mokolo Dam (Hans Strijdom Dam))
Molatedi Dam
Zeerust
North West
Marico River
1986
200,800
35.670
23
24°52′13″S 26°27′1″E / 24.87028°S 26.45028°E / -24.87028; 26.45028 (Molatedi Dam)
Molteno Dam
Cape Town
Western Cape
Table Mountain rivers
1881
3,000
0.36
15
33°56′18″S 18°24′43″E / 33.93833°S 18.41194°E / -33.93833; 18.41194 (Molteno Dam)
Morgenstond Dam
Amsterdam
Mpumalanga
Ngwempisi River
1978
100,773
9.772
43
26°42′40″S 30°32′41″E / 26.71111°S 30.54472°E / -26.71111; 30.54472 (Morgenstond Dam)
Moutloatsi Setlogelo Dam (Groothoek)
Thaba Nchu
Free State
Kgabanyane River
1981
12,000
2.5
29
29°18′12″S 26°50′49″E / 29.30333°S 26.84694°E / -29.30333; 26.84694 (Moutloatsi Setlogelo Dam)
Mthatha Dam
Mthatha
Eastern Cape
Mthatha River
1977
253,674
25.417
18
31°33′2″S 28°44′24″E / 31.55056°S 28.74000°E / -31.55056; 28.74000 (Mtata Dam)
Mutshedzi Dam
Thohoyandou
Limpopo
Mutshedzi River
1990
2,300
0.392
25
22°56′55″S 30°9′40″E / 22.94861°S 30.16111°E / -22.94861; 30.16111 (Mutshedzi Dam)
Nagle Dam
Cato Ridge
KZN
Umgeni River
1950
23,200
1.561
46
29°35′1″S 30°37′1″E / 29.58361°S 30.61694°E / -29.58361; 30.61694 (Nagle Dam)
Nahoon Dam
East London
Eastern Cape
Nahoon River
1966
19,934
2.347
44
32°54′36″S 27°48′55″E / 32.91000°S 27.81528°E / -32.91000; 27.81528 (Nahoon Dam)
Nandoni Dam
Thohoyandou
Limpopo
Levuvhu River
2004
166,100
15.700
47
22°58′51″S 30°35′53″E / 22.98083°S 30.59806°E / -22.98083; 30.59806 (Nandoni Dam)
Ncora Dam
Tsomo
Eastern Cape
Tsomo River
1975
150,100
13.920
44
31°47′15″S 27°40′1″E / 31.78750°S 27.66694°E / -31.78750; 27.66694 (Ncora Dam)
Ngodwana Dam
Nelspruit
Mpumalanga
Ngodwana River
1984
10,400
8.660
47
25°35′1″S 30°40′5″E / 25.58361°S 30.66806°E / -25.58361; 30.66806 (Ngodwana Dam)
Ngotwane Dam
Lobatieng
North West
Ngotwane River
1982
18,800
3.900
19
25°11′56″S 25°48′47″E / 25.19889°S 25.81306°E / -25.19889; 25.81306 (Ngotwane Dam)
Nooitgedacht Dam (Vygeboom)
Carolina
Mpumalanga
Komati River
1962
78,400
4.630
42
25°57′1″S 30°5′1″E / 25.95028°S 30.08361°E / -25.95028; 30.08361 (Nooitgedacht Dam)
Nsami Dam (Hudson Ntsanwisi Dam)
Giyani
Limpopo
Nsama River
1976
21,900
5.15
24
23°15′16″S 30°46′14″E / 23.25444°S 30.77056°E / -23.25444; 30.77056 (Nsami Dam)
Nqweba Dam (Previously Vanryneveld's Pass Dam)
Graaff-Reinet
Eastern Cape
Sundays River
1925
46,369
10.285
32°14′8″S 24°31′41″E / 32.23556°S 24.52806°E / -32.23556; 24.52806 (Nqweba Dam (Previously Vanryneveld's Pass Dam))
Nwanedi Dam
Musina
Limpopo
Nwanedi River
1964
5,100
0.56
36
22°38′6″S 30°23′56″E / 22.63500°S 30.39889°E / -22.63500; 30.39889 (Nwanedi Dam)
Ntshingwayo Dam (Chelmsford Dam)
Newcastle
KZN
Nsama River
1961
194,600
34.412
27°57′12″S 29°57′0″E / 27.95333°S 29.95000°E / -27.95333; 29.95000 (Ntshingwayo Dam)
Nzhelele Dam
Musina
Limpopo
Nzhelele River
1948
51,200
5.442
47
22°43′29″S 30°5′43″E / 22.72472°S 30.09528°E / -22.72472; 30.09528 (Nzhelele Dam)
Ohrigstad Dam
Ohrigstad
Mpumalanga
Ohrigstad River
1955
13,400
0.99
52
24°55′59″S 30°37′54″E / 24.93306°S 30.63167°E / -24.93306; 30.63167 (Ohrigstad Dam)
Olifantsnek Dam
Rustenburg
North West
Hex River
1928
14,200
2.548
31
25°47′3″S 27°15′52″E / 25.78417°S 27.26444°E / -25.78417; 27.26444 (Olifantsnek Dam)
Oudebaaskraal Dam
Ceres
Western Cape
Tankwa River
1969
34,000
8.000
21
32°23′26″S 19°53′35″E / 32.39056°S 19.89306°E / -32.39056; 19.89306 (Oudebaaskraal Dam)
Oxkraal Dam
Queenstown
Eastern Cape
Oxkraal River
1989
14,900
2.2
30
32°12′43″S 26°45′12″E / 32.21194°S 26.75333°E / -32.21194; 26.75333 (Oxkraal Dam)
Phiphidi Dam
Thohoyandou
Limpopo
Mutshindudi River
1971
187,355
16
Pietersfontein Dam
Montagu
Western Cape
Pietersfontein River
1968
1,984
0.033
18
33°40′12″S 20°00′59″E / 33.67000°S 20.01639°E / -33.67000; 20.01639 (Pietersfontein Dam)
Pongolapoort Dam
Jozini
KZN
Pongola River
1973
2,267,100
132.728
89
27°25′15″S 32°4′30″E / 27.42083°S 32.07500°E / -27.42083; 32.07500 (Pongolapoort Dam)
Poortjieskloof Dam
Montagu
Western Cape
Groot River
1955
9,700
1.029
38
33°51′30″S 20°22′16″E / 33.85833°S 20.37111°E / -33.85833; 20.37111 (Poortjieskloof Dam)
Potchefstroom Dam
Potchefstroom
North West
Mooi River
1950
2,027
0.77
8
26°40′12″S 27°5′50″E / 26.67000°S 27.09722°E / -26.67000; 27.09722 (Potchefstroom Dam)
Qedusizi Dam
Ladysmith
KZN
Klip River
1998
194,000
2.5
28°32′30″S 29°44′41″E / 28.54167°S 29.74472°E / -28.54167; 29.74472 (Qedusizi Dam)
Rhenosterkop Dam
Marble Hall
Mpumalanga
Elands River
1984
204,600
62.400
25°5′55″S 28°55′5″E / 25.09861°S 28.91806°E / -25.09861; 28.91806 (Rhenosterkop Dam)
Rietvlei Dam
Tshwane
Gauteng
Rietvlei River, a tributary to the Hennops River
1933
12,300
1.890
21
25°52′36″S 28°15′57″E / 25.87667°S 28.26583°E / -25.87667; 28.26583 (Rietvlei Dam)
Rockview Dam
Grabouw
Western Cape
Palmiet River
1986
16,630
0.775
48
34°11′30″S 18°57′17″E / 34.19167°S 18.95472°E / -34.19167; 18.95472 (Rockview Dam)
Roodekoppies Dam
Brits
North West
Crocodile River
1984
103,000
15.710
25
25°24′15″S 27°35′29″E / 25.40417°S 27.59139°E / -25.40417; 27.59139 (Roodekoppies Dam)
Roodeplaat Dam
Tshwane
Gauteng
Pienaars River
1959
41,200
3.952
59
25°37′15″S 28°22′1″E / 25.62083°S 28.36694°E / -25.62083; 28.36694 (Roodeplaat Dam)
Rust de Winter Dam
Pretoria
Limpopo
Elands River
1934
28,200
4.73
31
25°14′0″S 28°31′3″E / 25.23333°S 28.51750°E / -25.23333; 28.51750 (Rust de Winter Dam)
Rustfontein Dam
Thaba Nchu
Free State
Modder River
1955
72,200
11.585
36
29°16′15″S 26°37′1″E / 29.27083°S 26.61694°E / -29.27083; 26.61694 (Rustfontein Dam)
Sandile Dam
Keiskammahoek
Eastern Cape
Keiskamma River
1983
30,960
1.460
61
32°43′0″S 27°6′4″E / 32.71667°S 27.10111°E / -32.71667; 27.10111 (Sandile Dam)
Settlers Dam
Grahamstown
Eastern Cape
Kariega River
1962
5,300
1.01
21
33°24′42″S 26°30′34″E / 33.41167°S 26.50944°E / -33.41167; 26.50944 (Settlers Dam)
Setumo Dam
Mmabatho
North West
Molopo River
1995
19,600
4.473
17
25°51′30″S 25°30′1″E / 25.85833°S 25.50028°E / -25.85833; 25.50028 (Setumo Dam)
Shongweni Dam (Ntshongweni Dam)
Hillcrest
KZN
Sterkspruit and Wekeweke Rivers
1927
2,200
0.3
39
29°51′25″S 30°43′20″E / 29.85694°S 30.72222°E / -29.85694; 30.72222 (Shongweni Dam)
Silvermine Dam
Cape Town
Western Cape
1898
82
0.04
9
34°4′31″S 18°23′56″E / 34.07528°S 18.39889°E / -34.07528; 18.39889 (Silvermine Dam)
Slangdraai Dam
Ladysmith
KZN
Sundays River
1986
10,300
2.400
28°14′24″S 29°44′58″E / 28.24000°S 29.74944°E / -28.24000; 29.74944 (Slangdraai Dam)
Smartt Dam
Britstown
Northern Cape
Ongers River
1912
100,300
31.569
30°36′48″S 23°18′2″E / 30.61333°S 23.30056°E / -30.61333; 23.30056 (Smartt Dam)
Sol Plaatje Dam (Previously Saulspoort Dam)
Bethlehem
Free State
Liebenbergsvlei River
1968
15,676
3.560
24
28°13′1″S 28°22′1″E / 28.21694°S 28.36694°E / -28.21694; 28.36694 (Sol Plaatjie Dam)
Spioenkop Dam
Bergville
KZN
Tugela River
1973
270,600
15.314
53
28°40′53″S 29°31′1″E / 28.68139°S 29.51694°E / -28.68139; 29.51694 (Spioenkop Dam)
Spitskop Dam
Schmidtsdrift
Northern Cape
Harts River
1974
57,800
25.312
18
28°7′29″S 24°30′9″E / 28.12472°S 24.50250°E / -28.12472; 24.50250 (Spitskop Dam)
Spring Grove Dam
Nottingham Road
KZN
Mooi River
2013
139,300
10.2
32
29°19′23″S 29°56′38″E / 29.32306°S 29.94389°E / -29.32306; 29.94389 (Spring Grove Dam)
Steenbras Dam (lower)
Gordons Bay
Western Cape
Steenbras River
1921
33517
3.642
37
34°11′15″S 18°51′4″E / 34.18750°S 18.85111°E / -34.18750; 18.85111 (Steenbras Dam)
Steenbras Upper Dam
Gordons Bay
Western Cape
Steenbras River
1977
31767
2.750
37
34°10′5″S 18°54′5″E / 34.16806°S 18.90139°E / -34.16806; 18.90139 (Steenbras Dam – Upper)
Steenbras Hydro-Electric Lower Dam
Gordons Bay
Western Cape
Sir Lowry's Pass River
1977
3,560
0.35
31
34°8′50″S 18°54′0″E / 34.14722°S 18.90000°E / -34.14722; 18.90000 (Steenbras Hydro-Electric Lower Dam)
Sterkfontein Dam
Harrismith
Free State
Nuwejaar Spruit
1980
2,616,900
67.260
93
28°23′15″S 29°1′10″E / 28.38750°S 29.01944°E / -28.38750; 29.01944 (Sterkfontein Dam)
Stettynskloof Dam
Worcester
Western Cape
Holsloot River
1955
14,700
1.004
48
33°50′14″S 19°15′8″E / 33.83722°S 19.25222°E / -33.83722; 19.25222 (Stettynskloof Dam)
Stompdrift Dam
De Rust
Western Cape
Olifants River
1965
46,270
6.203
49
33°30′45″S 22°35′8″E / 33.51250°S 22.58556°E / -33.51250; 22.58556 (Stompdrift Dam)
Taung Dam
Taung
North West
Harts River
1993
58,900
4.650
44
27°31′35″S 24°51′16″E / 27.52639°S 24.85444°E / -27.52639; 24.85444 (Taung Dam)
Theewaterskloof Dam
Villiersdorp
Western Cape
Riviersonderend River
1978
480188
51.204
38
34°4′45″S 19°17′1″E / 34.07917°S 19.28361°E / -34.07917; 19.28361 (Theewaterskloof Dam)
Tierpoort Dam
Bloemfontein
Free State
Tierpoort River
1990
34,000
9.11
20
29°25′20″S 26°08′10″E / 29.42222°S 26.13611°E / -29.42222; 26.13611 (Tierpoort Dam)
Trichardtsfontein Dam
Trichardt
Mpumalanga
Trichardt Spruit
1981
15,200
2.459
26
26°29′53″S 29°14′1″E / 26.49806°S 29.23361°E / -26.49806; 29.23361 (Trichardtsfontein Dam)
Tsojana Dam
Cofimvaba
Eastern Cape
Tsojana River
1978
12,340
2.360
23
31°53′0″S 27°38′1″E / 31.88333°S 27.63361°E / -31.88333; 27.63361 (Tsojana Dam)
Tweedraai Dam
Trichardt
Mpumalanga
Trichardt Spruit
1991
16,000
2.370
21
26°25′45″S 29°13′0″E / 26.42917°S 29.21667°E / -26.42917; 29.21667 (Tweedraai Dam)
Tzaneen Dam (previously Fanie Botha Dam)
Tzaneen
Limpopo
Groot Letaba River
1977
157,291
11.636
50
23°47′37″S 30°9′48″E / 23.79361°S 30.16333°E / -23.79361; 30.16333 (Tzaneen Dam)
Vaal Barrage
Vanderbijlpark
Gauteng
Vaal River
1923
56,712
13.485
10
26°45′53″S 27°41′30″E / 26.76472°S 27.69167°E / -26.76472; 27.69167 (Vaal Barrage)
Vaal Dam
Deneysville
Free State Gauteng
Vaal River
1939
2,603,400
322.755
63
26°53′1″S 28°7′20″E / 26.88361°S 28.12222°E / -26.88361; 28.12222 (Vaal Dam)
Vaalharts Storage Weir
Warrenton
North West
Vaal River
1936
48,700
1.189
12
28°06′55″S 24°55′32″E / 28.11528°S 24.92556°E / -28.11528; 24.92556 (Vaalharts Storage Weir)
Vaalkop Dam
Beestekraal
North West
Elands River, Hex River
2010
53,500
11.1
33
25°18′37″S 27°28′33″E / 25.31028°S 27.47583°E / -25.31028; 27.47583 (Vaalkop Dam)
Vanderkloof Dam (previously P.K. Le Roux Dam)
Petrusville
Northern Cape, Free State
Orange River
1977
3,171,300
133.402
108
29°59′29″S 24°43′55″E / 29.99139°S 24.73194°E / -29.99139; 24.73194 (Vanderkloof Dam)
Vanwyksvlei Dam
Vanwyksvlei
Northern Cape
Vanwyksvlei
1884
143,081
49.934
15
30°22′46″S 21°48′41″E / 30.37944°S 21.81139°E / -30.37944; 21.81139 (Vanwyksvlei Dam)
Victoria Dam
Cape Town
Western Cape
Disa River
1895
128
0.05
6
33°59′11″S 18°24′29″E / 33.98639°S 18.40806°E / -33.98639; 18.40806 (Victoria Dam)
Voëlvlei Dam
Gouda
Western Cape
Voëlvlei Lake
1971
164095
15.730
10
33°20′15″S 19°2′1″E / 33.33750°S 19.03361°E / -33.33750; 19.03361 (Voëlvlei Dam)
Vondo Dam
Sibasa
Limpopo
Mutshundudi River
1982
30,540
2.19
47
22°56′45″S 30°20′7″E / 22.94583°S 30.33528°E / -22.94583; 30.33528 (Vondo Dam)
Vygeboom Dam
Badplaas
MP
Komati River
1971
83,000
6.7
45
25°52′53″S 30°37′9″E / 25.88139°S 30.61917°E / -25.88139; 30.61917 (Vygeboom Dam)
Wagendrift Dam
Estcourt
KZN
Bushmans River
1963
55,900
5.084
41
29°2′15″S 29°51′1″E / 29.03750°S 29.85028°E / -29.03750; 29.85028 (Wagendrift Dam)
Waterdown Dam
Whittlesea
Eastern Cape
Klipplaat River
1958
38,400
2.608
44
32°17′15″S 26°51′1″E / 32.28750°S 26.85028°E / -32.28750; 26.85028 (Waterdown Dam)
Welbedacht Dam
Wepener
Free State
Caledon River
1973
10,200
10.185
32
29°54′34″S 26°51′37″E / 29.90944°S 26.86028°E / -29.90944; 26.86028 (Welbedacht Dam)
Wemmershoek Dam
Franschhoek
Western Cape
Wemmers River
1957
58644
2.960
53
33°50′1″S 19°5′20″E / 33.83361°S 19.08889°E / -33.83361; 19.08889 (Wemmershoek Dam)
Westoe Dam
Amsterdam
Mpumalanga
Usutu River
1968
61,900
7.333
26
26°30′15″S 30°37′5″E / 26.50417°S 30.61806°E / -26.50417; 30.61806 (Westoe Dam)
Witbank Dam
Witbank
Mpumalanga
Olifants River
1971
104,000
12.112
44
25°53′30″S 29°19′1″E / 25.89167°S 29.31694°E / -25.89167; 29.31694 (Witbank Dam)
Witklip Dam
Sabie
Mpumalanga
Sand River
1969
12,970
1.875
21
25°14′10″S 30°54′1″E / 25.23611°S 30.90028°E / -25.23611; 30.90028 (Witklip Dam)
Wolwedans Dam
Mossel Bay
Western Cape
Great Brak River
1990
25,530
1.100
70
34°0′51″S 22°13′44″E / 34.01417°S 22.22889°E / -34.01417; 22.22889 (Wolwedans Dam)
Woodhead Dam
Cape Town
Western Cape
Disa River
1897
954
0.16
38
33°58′38″S 18°24′8″E / 33.97722°S 18.40222°E / -33.97722; 18.40222 (Woodhead Dam)
Woodstock Dam
Bergville
KZN
Tugela River
1983
373,300
29.129
49
28°45′31″S 29°14′46″E / 28.75861°S 29.24611°E / -28.75861; 29.24611 (Woodstock Dam)
Wriggleswade Dam
Stutterheim
Eastern Cape
Kubusi River
1991
93,200
10.000
35
32°34′1″S 27°35′0″E / 32.56694°S 27.58333°E / -32.56694; 27.58333 (Wriggleswade Dam)
Xilinxa Dam
Idutywa
Eastern Cape
Xilinxa River
1972
13,900
2.81
25
32°08′32″S 28°05′57″E / 32.14222°S 28.09917°E / -32.14222; 28.09917 (Xilinxa Dam)
Xonxa Dam
Queenstown
Eastern Cape
White Kei River
1974
115,900
12.881
49
31°51′0″S 27°11′13″E / 31.85000°S 27.18694°E / -31.85000; 27.18694 (Xonxa Dam)
Zaaihoek Dam
Wakkerstroom
Mpumalanga
Slang River
1988
184,600
12.446
46
27°26′1″S 30°4′30″E / 27.43361°S 30.07500°E / -27.43361; 30.07500 (Zaaihoek Dam)
N ^ Nett or working capacity
G ^ Gross or maximum capacity
I ^ The Bedford and Bramhoek dams form part of the Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme
D ^ The Driekloof and Kilburn dams form part of the Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme
P ^ The Kogelberg and Rockview dams form part of the Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme
S ^ The Steenbras Dam – Upper and Steenbras Hydro-Electric Lower Dam form part of the Steenbras Pumped Storage Scheme
V ^ The Voëlvlei Dam is an off-channel reservoir supplied by canals from the Klein Berg River, Leeu River and Vier-en-Twintig River, and discharging by canal into the Great Berg River.
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dams in South Africa.
Water supply and sanitation in South Africa
List of lakes of South Africa
List of rivers of South Africa
List of dams and reservoirs
List of waterfalls in South Africa
Drought
Flood
List of waterways
Transvasement
Water Management Areas, also known as WMA's.
References
Dam Safety Office – Publications – List of South African Dams from the Department of Water and Sanitation
Archived List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs (South Africa)
Department of Water & Environmental Affairs
SANCOLD, the South African National Committee on Large Dams
ICOLD, the International Committee on Large Dams
Notes
^ Pettman, Charles (1913). Africanderisms; a glossary of South African colloquial words and phrases and of place and other names. Longmans, Green and Co. p. 137.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "State of Dams in Limpopo Province as on 20091214 – Full Storage Capacity in million cubic meters (N)". Department of Water Affairs (South Africa). Retrieved 20 December 2009.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k "State of Dams in KwaZulu Natal Province as on 20091214 – Full Storage Capacity in million cubic meters (N)". Department of Water Affairs (South Africa). Retrieved 20 December 2009.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Water Dashboard 23 April 2018" (PDF). City of Cape Town. p. 2. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "State of Dams in Free State Province as on 20091214 – Full Storage Capacity in million cubic meters (N)". Department of Water Affairs (South Africa). Retrieved 20 December 2009.
^ a b "List of Registered Dams – September 2009". Department of Water Affairs (South Africa). September 2009. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
^ a b c d e f g h i "State of Dams in Eastern Cape Province as on 20091214 – Full Storage Capacity in million cubic meters (N)". Department of Water Affairs (South Africa). Retrieved 20 December 2009.
^ a b "I Update". Eskom. November 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
^ Bedford Dam nearing completion September 2010. "Dam Safety Office 2010/2011 Annual Report" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs, Republic of South Africa. pp. 35–36.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k "State of Dams in Mpumalanga Province as on 20091214 – Full Storage Capacity in million cubic meters (N)". Department of Water Affairs (South Africa). Retrieved 20 December 2009.
^ a b c "State of Dams in Northern Cape Province as on 20091214 – Full Storage Capacity in million cubic meters (N)". Department of Water Affairs (South Africa). Retrieved 20 December 2009.
^ a b c d "State of Dams in Gauteng Province as on 20091214 – Full Storage Capacity in million cubic meters (N)". Department of Water Affairs (South Africa). Retrieved 20 December 2009.
^ a b c d e f g "State of Dams in North West Province as on 20091214 – Full Storage Capacity in million cubic meters (N)". Department of Water Affairs (South Africa). Retrieved 20 December 2009.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k "State of Dams in Western Cape Province as on 20091214 – Full Storage Capacity in million cubic meters (N)". Department of Water Affairs (South Africa). Retrieved 20 December 2009.
^ "DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape". Water Institute of Southern Africa. Archived from the original on 18 December 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
^ a b c "DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape". Water Institute of Southern Africa. Archived from the original on 19 June 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
^ a b c d R. Lorraine; G. Mullins (May 2011). "Grahamstown's Water Supply: a brief history from 1812 to 2008" (PDF). Annals of the Eastern Cape Museums. 7. Albany Museum. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
^ "DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal". Water Institute of Southern Africa. Archived from the original on 18 December 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
^ "DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Limpopo". Water Institute of Southern Africa. Archived from the original on 19 December 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
^ a b "DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Mpumalanga". Water Institute of Southern Africa. Archived from the original on 19 December 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
^ "A Preliminary assessment of the present ecological state of the major rivers and streams within the Northern Service Delivery Region of the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality" (PDF). Water Institute of Southern Africa. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 28 November 2008.
^ "P Pumped Storage Scheme" (PDF). Eskom. October 2005. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
^ "Water Origination: The Vaal River System". Rand Water. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
^ Google Earth
^ "Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation".
External links
Reservoir Storage Summaries
vteDams and reservoirsAfrica
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Largest dams
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|
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|
[]
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[{"title":"Dams in South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dams_in_South_Africa"},{"title":"Water supply and sanitation in South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_South_Africa"},{"title":"List of lakes of South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_South_Africa"},{"title":"List of rivers of South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_South_Africa"},{"title":"List of dams and reservoirs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs"},{"title":"List of waterfalls in South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_South_Africa"},{"title":"Flood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood"},{"title":"List of waterways","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_waterways"},{"title":"Transvasement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvasement"},{"title":"Water Management Areas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Management_Areas"}]
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Retrieved 20 December 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.dwa.gov.za/Hydrology/applets/weekly/HydstraWeeklyProvince.asp?region=WC","url_text":"\"State of Dams in Western Cape Province as on 20091214 – Full Storage Capacity in million cubic meters (N)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Water_Affairs_(South_Africa)","url_text":"Department of Water Affairs (South Africa)"}]},{"reference":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape\". Water Institute of Southern Africa. Archived from the original on 18 December 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091218194759/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultecape.htm","url_text":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_Institute_of_Southern_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Water Institute of Southern Africa"},{"url":"http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultecape.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape\". Water Institute of Southern Africa. Archived from the original on 19 June 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100619044558/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultwcape.htm","url_text":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_Institute_of_Southern_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Water Institute of Southern Africa"},{"url":"http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultwcape.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"R. Lorraine; G. Mullins (May 2011). \"Grahamstown's Water Supply: a brief history from 1812 to 2008\" (PDF). Annals of the Eastern Cape Museums. 7. Albany Museum. Retrieved 6 May 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ru.ac.za/media/rhodesuniversity/content/environment/documents/Mullins_Grahamstowns_Water_Supply_-_a_brief_history_from_1812_to_2008_-_Museum_annals_2011.pdf","url_text":"\"Grahamstown's Water Supply: a brief history from 1812 to 2008\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany_Museum,_South_Africa","url_text":"Albany Museum"}]},{"reference":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal\". Water Institute of Southern Africa. Archived from the original on 18 December 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091218194803/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultkzn.htm","url_text":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_Institute_of_Southern_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Water Institute of Southern Africa"},{"url":"http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultkzn.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Limpopo\". Water Institute of Southern Africa. Archived from the original on 19 December 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091219233410/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultLimpopo.htm","url_text":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Limpopo\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_Institute_of_Southern_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Water Institute of Southern Africa"},{"url":"http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultLimpopo.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Mpumalanga\". Water Institute of Southern Africa. Archived from the original on 19 December 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091219024110/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultMPU.htm","url_text":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Mpumalanga\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_Institute_of_Southern_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Water Institute of Southern Africa"},{"url":"http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultMPU.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"A Preliminary assessment of the present ecological state of the major rivers and streams within the Northern Service Delivery Region of the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality\" (PDF). Water Institute of Southern Africa. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 28 November 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090612014933/http://www.ewisa.co.za/literature/files/213%20van%20Eeden.pdf","url_text":"\"A Preliminary assessment of the present ecological state of the major rivers and streams within the Northern Service Delivery Region of the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality\""},{"url":"http://www.ewisa.co.za/literature/files/213%20van%20Eeden.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"P Pumped Storage Scheme\" (PDF). Eskom. October 2005. Retrieved 9 January 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.eskom.co.za/content/P%20FA%20Pg%2001-08.pdf","url_text":"\"P Pumped Storage Scheme\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskom","url_text":"Eskom"}]},{"reference":"\"Water Origination: The Vaal River System\". Rand Water. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150924084656/http://www.randwater.co.za/CorporateResponsibility/WWE/Pages/WaterOrigination.aspx","url_text":"\"Water Origination: The Vaal River System\""},{"url":"http://www.randwater.co.za/CorporateResponsibility/WWE/Pages/WaterOrigination.aspx","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.dwa.gov.za/dso/","url_text":"\"Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation\""}]}]
|
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Brandvlei Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_59_22_S_27_43_14_E_&title=Bridal+Drift+Dam","external_links_name":"32°59′22″S 27°43′14″E / 32.98944°S 27.72056°E / -32.98944; 27.72056 (Bridal Drift Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_53_15_S_28_43_15_E_&title=Bronkhorstspruit+Dam","external_links_name":"25°53′15″S 28°43′15″E / 25.88750°S 28.72083°E / -25.88750; 28.72083 (Bronkhorstspruit Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=34_01_07_S_20_31_58_E_&title=Buffeljags+Dam","external_links_name":"34°01′07″S 20°31′58″E / 34.01861°S 20.53278°E / -34.01861; 20.53278 (Buffeljags Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_46_50_S_27_29_1_E_&title=Buffelspoort+Dam","external_links_name":"25°46′50″S 27°29′1″E / 25.78056°S 27.48361°E / -25.78056; 27.48361 (Buffelspoort Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_21_45_S_19_16_31_E_&title=Ceres+Koekedouw+Dam","external_links_name":"33°21′45″S 19°16′31″E / 33.36250°S 19.27528°E / -33.36250; 19.27528 (Ceres Koekedouw Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=34_00_03_S_24_29_36_E_&title=Churchill+Dam","external_links_name":"34°00′03″S 24°29′36″E / 34.00083°S 24.49333°E / -34.00083; 24.49333 (Churchill Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_11_5_S_18_52_29_E_&title=Clanwilliam+Dam","external_links_name":"32°11′5″S 18°52′29″E / 32.18472°S 18.87472°E / -32.18472; 18.87472 (Clanwilliam Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_9_47_S_30_17_2_E_&title=Craigie+Burn+Dam","external_links_name":"29°9′47″S 30°17′2″E / 29.16306°S 30.28389°E / -29.16306; 30.28389 (Craigie Burn Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=23_48_49_S_29_57_59_E_&title=Dap+Naude+Dam","external_links_name":"23°48′49″S 29°57′59″E / 23.81361°S 29.96639°E / -23.81361; 29.96639 (Dap Naude Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_8_30_S_31_1_1_E_&title=Da+Gama+Dam","external_links_name":"25°8′30″S 31°1′1″E / 25.14167°S 31.01694°E / -25.14167; 31.01694 (Da Gama Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=22_51_3_S_30_30_56_E_&title=Damani+Dam","external_links_name":"22°51′3″S 30°30′56″E / 22.85083°S 30.51556°E / -22.85083; 30.51556 (Damani Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_12_22_S_25_8_59_E_&title=Darlington+Dam","external_links_name":"33°12′22″S 25°8′59″E / 33.20611°S 25.14972°E / -33.20611; 25.14972 (Darlington Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=34_22_05_S_19_14_01_E_&title=De+Bos+Dam","external_links_name":"34°22′05″S 19°14′01″E / 34.36806°S 19.23361°E / -34.36806; 19.23361 (De Bos Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_27_1_S_24_25_4_E_&title=De+Hoop+Dam","external_links_name":"32°27′1″S 24°25′4″E / 32.45028°S 24.41778°E / -32.45028; 24.41778 (De Hoop Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=24_57_27_S_29_57_23_E_&title=De+Hoop+Dam","external_links_name":"24°57′27″S 29°57′23″E / 24.95750°S 29.95639°E / -24.95750; 29.95639 (De Hoop Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_59_31_S_18_24_35_E_&title=De+Villiers+Dam","external_links_name":"33°59′31″S 18°24′35″E / 33.99194°S 18.40972°E / -33.99194; 18.40972 (De Villiers Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_49_25_S_25_18_20_E_&title=Disaneng+Dam","external_links_name":"25°49′25″S 25°18′20″E / 25.82361°S 25.30556°E / -25.82361; 25.30556 (Disaneng Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=24_16_45_S_28_46_1_E_&title=Doorndraai+Dam","external_links_name":"24°16′45″S 28°46′1″E / 24.27917°S 28.76694°E / -24.27917; 28.76694 (Doorndraai Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=31_30_47_S_27_20_30_E_&title=Doring+River+Dam","external_links_name":"31°30′47″S 27°20′30″E / 31.51306°S 27.34167°E / -31.51306; 27.34167 (Doring River Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_2_37_S_23_50_11_E_&title=Douglas+Weir","external_links_name":"29°2′37″S 23°50′11″E / 29.04361°S 23.83639°E / -29.04361; 23.83639 (Douglas Weir)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_31_58.5_S_29_4_05.9_E_&title=Driekloof+Dam","external_links_name":"28°31′58.5″S 29°4′05.9″E / 28.532917°S 29.068306°E / -28.532917; 29.068306 (Driekloof Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_31_1_S_29_4_1_E_&title=Driekloof+Dam","external_links_name":"28°31′1″S 29°4′1″E / 28.51694°S 29.06694°E / -28.51694; 29.06694 (Driekloof Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_42_42_S_31_31_49_E_&title=Driekoppies+Dam","external_links_name":"25°42′42″S 31°31′49″E / 25.71167°S 31.53028°E / -25.71167; 31.53028 (Driekoppies Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_45_46_S_29_17_27_E_&title=Driel+Barrage","external_links_name":"28°45′46″S 29°17′27″E / 28.76278°S 29.29083°E / -28.76278; 29.29083 (Driel Barrage)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=23_56_30_S_29_59_1_E_&title=Ebenezer+Dam","external_links_name":"23°56′30″S 29°59′1″E / 23.94167°S 29.98361°E / -23.94167; 29.98361 (Ebenezer Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=30_03_10_S_27_01_39_E_&title=Egmont+Dam","external_links_name":"30°03′10″S 27°01′39″E / 30.05278°S 27.02750°E / -30.05278; 27.02750 (Egmont Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=34_7_46_S_19_2_5_E_&title=Eikenhof+Dam","external_links_name":"34°7′46″S 19°2′5″E / 34.12944°S 19.03472°E / -34.12944; 19.03472 (Eikenhof Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_57_1_S_19_17_1_E_&title=Elandskloof+Dam","external_links_name":"33°57′1″S 19°17′1″E / 33.95028°S 19.28361°E / -33.95028; 19.28361 (Elandskloof Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=26_20_34_S_26_46_42_E_&title=Elandskuil+Dam","external_links_name":"26°20′34″S 26°46′42″E / 26.34278°S 26.77833°E / -26.34278; 26.77833 (Elandskuil Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=26_09_01_S_28_00_21_E_&title=Emmarentia+Dam","external_links_name":"26°09′01″S 28°00′21″E / 26.15028°S 28.00583°E / -26.15028; 28.00583 (Emmarentia Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=23_50_30_S_31_38_15_E_&title=Engelhard+Dam","external_links_name":"23°50′30″S 31°38′15″E / 23.84167°S 31.63750°E / -23.84167; 31.63750 (Engelhard Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_30_39_S_26_46_38_E_&title=Erfenis+Dam","external_links_name":"28°30′39″S 26°46′38″E / 28.51083°S 26.77722°E / -28.51083; 26.77722 (Erfenis Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_40_20_S_28_51_24_E_&title=Fika-Patso+Dam","external_links_name":"28°40′20″S 28°51′24″E / 28.67222°S 28.85667°E / -28.67222; 28.85667 (Fika-Patso Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=24_47_0_S_29_25_40_E_&title=Flag+Boshielo+Dam","external_links_name":"24°47′0″S 29°25′40″E / 24.78333°S 29.42778°E / -24.78333; 29.42778 (Flag Boshielo Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_17_30_S_20_59_26_E_&title=Floriskraal+Dam","external_links_name":"33°17′30″S 20°59′26″E / 33.29167°S 20.99056°E / -33.29167; 20.99056 (Floriskraal Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_18_33_S_21_38_1_E_&title=Gamkapoort+Dam","external_links_name":"33°18′33″S 21°38′1″E / 33.30917°S 21.63361°E / -33.30917; 21.63361 (Gamkapoort Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_57_51_S_22_30_51_E_&title=Garden+Route+Dam","external_links_name":"33°57′51″S 22°30′51″E / 33.96417°S 22.51417°E / -33.96417; 22.51417 (Garden Route Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=30_37_30_S_25_30_58_E_&title=Gariep+Dam","external_links_name":"30°37′30″S 25°30′58″E / 30.62500°S 25.51611°E / -30.62500; 25.51611 (Gariep Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=23_11_30_S_28_41_5_E_&title=Glen+Alpine+Dam","external_links_name":"23°11′30″S 28°41′5″E / 23.19167°S 28.68472°E / -23.19167; 28.68472 (Glen Alpine Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_11_6_S_26_39_19_E_&title=Glen+Melville+Reservoir","external_links_name":"33°11′6″S 26°39′19″E / 33.18500°S 26.65528°E / -33.18500; 26.65528 (Glen Melville Reservoir)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_46_17_S_31_28_7_E_&title=Goedertrouw+Dam","external_links_name":"28°46′17″S 31°28′7″E / 28.77139°S 31.46861°E / -28.77139; 31.46861 (Goedertrouw Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=31_45_30_S_25_28_1_E_&title=Grassridge+Dam","external_links_name":"31°45′30″S 25°28′1″E / 31.75833°S 25.46694°E / -31.75833; 25.46694 (Grassridge Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_19_29_S_26_31_40_E_&title=Grey+Dam","external_links_name":"33°19′29″S 26°31′40″E / 33.32472°S 26.52778°E / -33.32472; 26.52778 (Grey Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_42_26_S_25_15_57_E_&title=Groendal+Dam","external_links_name":"33°42′26″S 25°15′57″E / 33.70722°S 25.26583°E / -33.70722; 25.26583 (Groendal Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=26_55_9_S_29_17_1_E_&title=Grootdraai+Dam","external_links_name":"26°55′9″S 29°17′1″E / 26.91917°S 29.28361°E / -26.91917; 29.28361 (Grootdraai Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_36_35_S_27_16_41_E_&title=Gubu+Dam","external_links_name":"32°36′35″S 27°16′41″E / 32.60972°S 27.27806°E / -32.60972; 27.27806 (Gubu Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_43_33_S_27_50_55_E_&title=Hartbeespoort+Dam","external_links_name":"25°43′33″S 27°50′55″E / 25.72583°S 27.84861°E / -25.72583; 27.84861 (Hartbeespoort Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_36_1_S_31_2_30_E_&title=Hazelmere+Dam","external_links_name":"29°36′1″S 31°2′30″E / 29.60028°S 31.04167°E / -29.60028; 31.04167 (Hazelmere Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_58_38_S_18_24_28_E_&title=Hely-Hutchinson+Dam","external_links_name":"33°58′38″S 18°24′28″E / 33.97722°S 18.40778°E / -33.97722; 18.40778 (Hely-Hutchinson Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=26_59_45_S_30_31_50_E_&title=Heyshope+Dam","external_links_name":"26°59′45″S 30°31′50″E / 26.99583°S 30.53056°E / -26.99583; 30.53056 (Heyshope Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_7_19_S_32_10_45_E_&title=Hluhluwe+Dam","external_links_name":"28°7′19″S 32°10′45″E / 28.12194°S 32.17917°E / -28.12194; 32.17917 (Hluhluwe Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=30_38_12_S_27_22_11_E_&title=Holo+Hlahatse+Dam","external_links_name":"30°38′12″S 27°22′11″E / 30.63667°S 27.36972°E / -30.63667; 27.36972 (Holo Hlahatse Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_23_9_S_26_28_59_E_&title=Howieson%27s+Poort+Dam","external_links_name":"33°23′9″S 26°28′59″E / 33.38583°S 26.48306°E / -33.38583; 26.48306 (Howieson's Poort Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=34_5_44_S_24_41_25_E_&title=Impofu+Dam","external_links_name":"34°5′44″S 24°41′25″E / 34.09556°S 24.69028°E / -34.09556; 24.69028 (Impofu Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_42_1_S_30_52_1_E_&title=Inanda+Dam","external_links_name":"29°42′1″S 30°52′1″E / 29.70028°S 30.86694°E / -29.70028; 30.86694 (Inanda Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=24_53_6_S_31_5_5_E_&title=Injaka+Dam","external_links_name":"24°53′6″S 31°5′5″E / 24.88500°S 31.08472°E / -24.88500; 31.08472 (Injaka Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=26_39_15_S_30_29_10_E_&title=Jericho+Dam","external_links_name":"26°39′15″S 30°29′10″E / 26.65417°S 30.48611°E / -26.65417; 30.48611 (Jericho Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=31_01_44_S_26_37_25_E_&title=J.L.+de+Bruin+Dam","external_links_name":"31°01′44″S 26°37′25″E / 31.02889°S 26.62361°E / -31.02889; 26.62361 (J.L. de Bruin Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_29_45_S_25_13_20_E_&title=Kalkfontein+Dam","external_links_name":"29°29′45″S 25°13′20″E / 29.49583°S 25.22222°E / -29.49583; 25.22222 (Kalkfontein Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_38_39_S_22_24_31_E_&title=Kammanassie+Dam","external_links_name":"33°38′39″S 22°24′31″E / 33.64417°S 22.40861°E / -33.64417; 22.40861 (Kammanassie Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_34_15_S_26_45_1_E_&title=Katrivier+Dam","external_links_name":"32°34′15″S 26°45′1″E / 32.57083°S 26.75028°E / -32.57083; 26.75028 (Katrivier Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_20_13_S_28_30_22_E_&title=Katse+Dam","external_links_name":"29°20′13″S 28°30′22″E / 29.33694°S 28.50611°E / -29.33694; 28.50611 (Katse Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_35_10_S_19_42_27_E_&title=Keerom+Dam","external_links_name":"33°35′10″S 19°42′27″E / 33.58611°S 19.70750°E / -33.58611; 19.70750 (Keerom Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=24_10_10_S_30_31_0_E_&title=Kettingspruit+Dam","external_links_name":"24°10′10″S 30°31′0″E / 24.16944°S 30.51667°E / -24.16944; 30.51667 (Kettingspruit Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_35_25_S_29_6_15_E_&title=Kilburn+Dam","external_links_name":"28°35′25″S 29°6′15″E / 28.59028°S 29.10417°E / -28.59028; 29.10417 (Kilburn Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=26_13_59_S_27_08_55_E_&title=Klerkskraal+Dam","external_links_name":"26°13′59″S 27°08′55″E / 26.23306°S 27.14861°E / -26.23306; 27.14861 (Klerkskraal Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_56_29_S_19_47_36_E_&title=Klipberg+Dam","external_links_name":"33°56′29″S 19°47′36″E / 33.94139°S 19.79333°E / -33.94139; 19.79333 (Klipberg Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=26_37_0_S_27_18_1_E_&title=Klipdrif+Dam","external_links_name":"26°37′0″S 27°18′1″E / 26.61667°S 27.30028°E / -26.61667; 27.30028 (Klipdrif Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=27_50_11_S_30_48_51_E_&title=Klipfontein+Dam","external_links_name":"27°50′11″S 30°48′51″E / 27.83639°S 30.81417°E / -27.83639; 30.81417 (Klipfontein Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_13_1_S_31_1_10_E_&title=Klipkoppie+Dam","external_links_name":"25°13′1″S 31°1′10″E / 25.21694°S 31.01944°E / -25.21694; 31.01944 (Klipkoppie Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_7_54_S_27_48_33_E_&title=Klipvoor+Dam","external_links_name":"25°7′54″S 27°48′33″E / 25.13167°S 27.80917°E / -25.13167; 27.80917 (Klipvoor Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_46_54_S_26_53_19_E_&title=Knellpoort+Dam","external_links_name":"29°46′54″S 26°53′19″E / 29.78167°S 26.88861°E / -29.78167; 26.88861 (Knellpoort Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=34_12_57_S_18_58_31_E_&title=Kogelberg+Dam","external_links_name":"34°12′57″S 18°58′31″E / 34.21583°S 18.97528°E / -34.21583; 18.97528 (Kogelberg Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_7_1_S_26_3_9_E_&title=Kommandodrif+Dam","external_links_name":"32°7′1″S 26°3′9″E / 32.11694°S 26.05250°E / -32.11694; 26.05250 (Kommandodrif Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=27_15_25_S_27_40_15_E_&title=Koppies+Dam","external_links_name":"27°15′25″S 27°40′15″E / 27.25694°S 27.67083°E / -27.25694; 27.67083 (Koppies Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=34_00_17_S_21_09_56_E_&title=Korenteport+Dam","external_links_name":"34°00′17″S 21°09′56″E / 34.00472°S 21.16556°E / -34.00472; 21.16556 (Korenteport Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_44_28_S_24_35_18_E_&title=Kouga+Dam","external_links_name":"33°44′28″S 24°35′18″E / 33.74111°S 24.58833°E / -33.74111; 24.58833 (Kouga Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=26_5_0_S_29_15_30_E_&title=Kromfonteinlower+%28Wilge%29+Cofferdam","external_links_name":"26°5′0″S 29°15′30″E / 26.08333°S 29.25833°E / -26.08333; 29.25833 (Kromfonteinlower (Wilge) Cofferdam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=26_7_0_S_29_15_20_E_&title=Kromfontein+Middle+Cofferdam","external_links_name":"26°7′0″S 29°15′20″E / 26.11667°S 29.25556°E / -26.11667; 29.25556 (Kromfontein Middle Cofferdam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_53_1_S_25_57_30_E_&title=Krugersdrift","external_links_name":"28°53′1″S 25°57′30″E / 28.88361°S 25.95833°E / -28.88361; 25.95833 (Krugersdrift)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_44_35_S_18_50_10_E_&title=Kruismansrivier+Dam","external_links_name":"32°44′35″S 18°50′10″E / 32.74306°S 18.83611°E / -32.74306; 18.83611 (Kruismansrivier Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_45_46_S_19_28_18_E_&title=Kwaggaskloof+Dam","external_links_name":"33°45′46″S 19°28′18″E / 33.76278°S 19.47167°E / -33.76278; 19.47167 (Kwaggaskloof Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_21_45_S_30_22_30_E_&title=Kwena+Dam","external_links_name":"25°21′45″S 30°22′30″E / 25.36250°S 30.37500°E / -25.36250; 30.37500 (Kwena Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=30_42_41_S_27_14_26_E_&title=Lady+Grey+Dam","external_links_name":"30°42′41″S 27°14′26″E / 30.71139°S 27.24056°E / -30.71139; 27.24056 (Lady Grey Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_57_59_S_27_29_22_E_&title=Laing+Dam","external_links_name":"32°57′59″S 27°29′22″E / 32.96639°S 27.48944°E / -32.96639; 27.48944 (Laing Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_13_1_S_25_49_45_E_&title=Lake+Arthur+Dam","external_links_name":"32°13′1″S 25°49′45″E / 32.21694°S 25.82917°E / -32.21694; 25.82917 (Lake Arthur Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_46_1_S_32_5_1_E_&title=Lake+Mzingazi+Dam","external_links_name":"28°46′1″S 32°5′1″E / 28.76694°S 32.08361°E / -28.76694; 32.08361 (Lake Mzingazi Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_22_0_S_19_34_52_E_&title=Lakenvallei+Dam","external_links_name":"33°22′0″S 19°34′52″E / 33.36667°S 19.58111°E / -33.36667; 19.58111 (Lakenvallei Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_37_23_S_22_00_13_E_&title=Leeu-Gamka+Dam","external_links_name":"32°37′23″S 22°00′13″E / 32.62306°S 22.00361°E / -32.62306; 22.00361 (Leeu-Gamka Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_29_50_S_26_41_32_E_&title=Lindleyspoort+Dam","external_links_name":"25°29′50″S 26°41′32″E / 25.49722°S 26.69222°E / -25.49722; 26.69222 (Lindleyspoort Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_25_1_S_29_21_1_E_&title=Loskop+Dam","external_links_name":"25°25′1″S 29°21′1″E / 25.41694°S 29.35028°E / -25.41694; 29.35028 (Loskop Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=31_47_45_S_27_25_0_E_&title=Lubisi+Dam","external_links_name":"31°47′45″S 27°25′0″E / 31.79583°S 27.41667°E / -31.79583; 27.41667 (Lubisi Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=22_38_4_S_30_24_8_E_&title=Luphephe+Dam","external_links_name":"22°38′4″S 30°24′8″E / 22.63444°S 30.40222°E / -22.63444; 30.40222 (Luphephe Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_23_36_S_26_35_51_E_&title=Madikwe+Dam","external_links_name":"25°23′36″S 26°35′51″E / 25.39333°S 26.59750°E / -25.39333; 26.59750 (Madikwe Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=22_52_3_S_30_54_18_E_&title=Makuleke+Dam","external_links_name":"22°52′3″S 30°54′18″E / 22.86750°S 30.90500°E / -22.86750; 30.90500 (Makuleke Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_28_15_S_26_23_50_E_&title=Marico-Bosveld+Dam","external_links_name":"25°28′15″S 26°23′50″E / 25.47083°S 26.39722°E / -25.47083; 26.39722 (Marico-Bosveld Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_46_31_S_29_32_46_E_&title=Middelburg+Dam","external_links_name":"25°46′31″S 29°32′46″E / 25.77528°S 29.54611°E / -25.77528; 29.54611 (Middelburg Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=23_16_26_S_30_24_12_E_&title=Middle+Letaba+Dam","external_links_name":"23°16′26″S 30°24′12″E / 23.27389°S 30.40333°E / -23.27389; 30.40333 (Middle Letaba Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_29_43_S_30_12_1_E_&title=Midmar+Dam","external_links_name":"29°29′43″S 30°12′1″E / 29.49528°S 30.20028°E / -29.49528; 30.20028 (Midmar Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_01_32_S_18_47_20_E_&title=Misverstand+Dam","external_links_name":"33°01′32″S 18°47′20″E / 33.02556°S 18.78889°E / -33.02556; 18.78889 (Misverstand Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=31_56_43_S_22_8_40_E_&title=Modderpoort+Dam","external_links_name":"31°56′43″S 22°8′40″E / 31.94528°S 22.14444°E / -31.94528; 22.14444 (Modderpoort Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_27_24_S_28_05_45_E_&title=Mohale+Dam","external_links_name":"29°27′24″S 28°05′45″E / 29.45667°S 28.09583°E / -29.45667; 28.09583 (Mohale Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=23_58_30_S_27_43_1_E_&title=Mokolo+Dam+%28Hans+Strijdom+Dam%29","external_links_name":"23°58′30″S 27°43′1″E / 23.97500°S 27.71694°E / -23.97500; 27.71694 (Mokolo Dam (Hans Strijdom Dam))"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=24_52_13_S_26_27_1_E_&title=Molatedi+Dam","external_links_name":"24°52′13″S 26°27′1″E / 24.87028°S 26.45028°E / -24.87028; 26.45028 (Molatedi Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_56_18_S_18_24_43_E_&title=Molteno+Dam","external_links_name":"33°56′18″S 18°24′43″E / 33.93833°S 18.41194°E / -33.93833; 18.41194 (Molteno Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=26_42_40_S_30_32_41_E_&title=Morgenstond+Dam","external_links_name":"26°42′40″S 30°32′41″E / 26.71111°S 30.54472°E / -26.71111; 30.54472 (Morgenstond Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_18_12_S_26_50_49_E_&title=Moutloatsi+Setlogelo+Dam","external_links_name":"29°18′12″S 26°50′49″E / 29.30333°S 26.84694°E / -29.30333; 26.84694 (Moutloatsi Setlogelo Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=31_33_2_S_28_44_24_E_&title=Mtata+Dam","external_links_name":"31°33′2″S 28°44′24″E / 31.55056°S 28.74000°E / -31.55056; 28.74000 (Mtata Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=22_56_55_S_30_9_40_E_&title=Mutshedzi+Dam","external_links_name":"22°56′55″S 30°9′40″E / 22.94861°S 30.16111°E / -22.94861; 30.16111 (Mutshedzi Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_35_1_S_30_37_1_E_&title=Nagle+Dam","external_links_name":"29°35′1″S 30°37′1″E / 29.58361°S 30.61694°E / -29.58361; 30.61694 (Nagle Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_54_36_S_27_48_55_E_&title=Nahoon+Dam","external_links_name":"32°54′36″S 27°48′55″E / 32.91000°S 27.81528°E / -32.91000; 27.81528 (Nahoon Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=22_58_51_S_30_35_53_E_&title=Nandoni+Dam","external_links_name":"22°58′51″S 30°35′53″E / 22.98083°S 30.59806°E / -22.98083; 30.59806 (Nandoni Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=31_47_15_S_27_40_1_E_&title=Ncora+Dam","external_links_name":"31°47′15″S 27°40′1″E / 31.78750°S 27.66694°E / -31.78750; 27.66694 (Ncora Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_35_1_S_30_40_5_E_&title=Ngodwana+Dam","external_links_name":"25°35′1″S 30°40′5″E / 25.58361°S 30.66806°E / -25.58361; 30.66806 (Ngodwana Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_11_56_S_25_48_47_E_&title=Ngotwane+Dam","external_links_name":"25°11′56″S 25°48′47″E / 25.19889°S 25.81306°E / -25.19889; 25.81306 (Ngotwane Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_57_1_S_30_5_1_E_&title=Nooitgedacht+Dam","external_links_name":"25°57′1″S 30°5′1″E / 25.95028°S 30.08361°E / -25.95028; 30.08361 (Nooitgedacht Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=23_15_16_S_30_46_14_E_&title=Nsami+Dam","external_links_name":"23°15′16″S 30°46′14″E / 23.25444°S 30.77056°E / -23.25444; 30.77056 (Nsami Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_14_8_S_24_31_41_E_&title=Nqweba+Dam+%28Previously+Vanryneveld%27s+Pass+Dam%29","external_links_name":"32°14′8″S 24°31′41″E / 32.23556°S 24.52806°E / -32.23556; 24.52806 (Nqweba Dam (Previously Vanryneveld's Pass Dam))"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=22_38_6_S_30_23_56_E_&title=Nwanedi+Dam","external_links_name":"22°38′6″S 30°23′56″E / 22.63500°S 30.39889°E / -22.63500; 30.39889 (Nwanedi Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=27_57_12_S_29_57_0_E_&title=Ntshingwayo+Dam","external_links_name":"27°57′12″S 29°57′0″E / 27.95333°S 29.95000°E / -27.95333; 29.95000 (Ntshingwayo Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=22_43_29_S_30_5_43_E_&title=Nzhelele+Dam","external_links_name":"22°43′29″S 30°5′43″E / 22.72472°S 30.09528°E / -22.72472; 30.09528 (Nzhelele Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=24_55_59_S_30_37_54_E_&title=Ohrigstad+Dam","external_links_name":"24°55′59″S 30°37′54″E / 24.93306°S 30.63167°E / -24.93306; 30.63167 (Ohrigstad Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_47_3_S_27_15_52_E_&title=Olifantsnek+Dam","external_links_name":"25°47′3″S 27°15′52″E / 25.78417°S 27.26444°E / -25.78417; 27.26444 (Olifantsnek Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_23_26_S_19_53_35_E_&title=Oudebaaskraal+Dam","external_links_name":"32°23′26″S 19°53′35″E / 32.39056°S 19.89306°E / -32.39056; 19.89306 (Oudebaaskraal Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_12_43_S_26_45_12_E_&title=Oxkraal+Dam","external_links_name":"32°12′43″S 26°45′12″E / 32.21194°S 26.75333°E / -32.21194; 26.75333 (Oxkraal Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_40_12_S_20_00_59_E_&title=Pietersfontein+Dam","external_links_name":"33°40′12″S 20°00′59″E / 33.67000°S 20.01639°E / -33.67000; 20.01639 (Pietersfontein Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=27_25_15_S_32_4_30_E_&title=Pongolapoort+Dam","external_links_name":"27°25′15″S 32°4′30″E / 27.42083°S 32.07500°E / -27.42083; 32.07500 (Pongolapoort Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_51_30_S_20_22_16_E_&title=Poortjieskloof+Dam","external_links_name":"33°51′30″S 20°22′16″E / 33.85833°S 20.37111°E / -33.85833; 20.37111 (Poortjieskloof Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=26_40_12_S_27_5_50_E_&title=Potchefstroom+Dam","external_links_name":"26°40′12″S 27°5′50″E / 26.67000°S 27.09722°E / -26.67000; 27.09722 (Potchefstroom Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_32_30_S_29_44_41_E_&title=Qedusizi+Dam","external_links_name":"28°32′30″S 29°44′41″E / 28.54167°S 29.74472°E / -28.54167; 29.74472 (Qedusizi Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_5_55_S_28_55_5_E_&title=Rhenosterkop+Dam","external_links_name":"25°5′55″S 28°55′5″E / 25.09861°S 28.91806°E / -25.09861; 28.91806 (Rhenosterkop Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_52_36_S_28_15_57_E_&title=Rietvlei+Dam","external_links_name":"25°52′36″S 28°15′57″E / 25.87667°S 28.26583°E / -25.87667; 28.26583 (Rietvlei Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=34_11_30_S_18_57_17_E_&title=Rockview+Dam","external_links_name":"34°11′30″S 18°57′17″E / 34.19167°S 18.95472°E / -34.19167; 18.95472 (Rockview Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_24_15_S_27_35_29_E_&title=Roodekoppies+Dam","external_links_name":"25°24′15″S 27°35′29″E / 25.40417°S 27.59139°E / -25.40417; 27.59139 (Roodekoppies Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_37_15_S_28_22_1_E_&title=Roodeplaat+Dam","external_links_name":"25°37′15″S 28°22′1″E / 25.62083°S 28.36694°E / -25.62083; 28.36694 (Roodeplaat Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_14_0_S_28_31_3_E_&title=Rust+de+Winter+Dam","external_links_name":"25°14′0″S 28°31′3″E / 25.23333°S 28.51750°E / -25.23333; 28.51750 (Rust de Winter Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_16_15_S_26_37_1_E_&title=Rustfontein+Dam","external_links_name":"29°16′15″S 26°37′1″E / 29.27083°S 26.61694°E / -29.27083; 26.61694 (Rustfontein Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_43_0_S_27_6_4_E_&title=Sandile+Dam","external_links_name":"32°43′0″S 27°6′4″E / 32.71667°S 27.10111°E / -32.71667; 27.10111 (Sandile Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_24_42_S_26_30_34_E_&title=Settlers+Dam","external_links_name":"33°24′42″S 26°30′34″E / 33.41167°S 26.50944°E / -33.41167; 26.50944 (Settlers Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_51_30_S_25_30_1_E_&title=Setumo+Dam","external_links_name":"25°51′30″S 25°30′1″E / 25.85833°S 25.50028°E / -25.85833; 25.50028 (Setumo Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_51_25_S_30_43_20_E_&title=Shongweni+Dam","external_links_name":"29°51′25″S 30°43′20″E / 29.85694°S 30.72222°E / -29.85694; 30.72222 (Shongweni Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=34_4_31_S_18_23_56_E_&title=Silvermine+Dam","external_links_name":"34°4′31″S 18°23′56″E / 34.07528°S 18.39889°E / -34.07528; 18.39889 (Silvermine Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_14_24_S_29_44_58_E_&title=Slangdraai+Dam","external_links_name":"28°14′24″S 29°44′58″E / 28.24000°S 29.74944°E / -28.24000; 29.74944 (Slangdraai Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=30_36_48_S_23_18_2_E_&title=Smartt+Dam","external_links_name":"30°36′48″S 23°18′2″E / 30.61333°S 23.30056°E / -30.61333; 23.30056 (Smartt Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_13_1_S_28_22_1_E_&title=Sol+Plaatjie+Dam","external_links_name":"28°13′1″S 28°22′1″E / 28.21694°S 28.36694°E / -28.21694; 28.36694 (Sol Plaatjie Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_40_53_S_29_31_1_E_&title=Spioenkop+Dam","external_links_name":"28°40′53″S 29°31′1″E / 28.68139°S 29.51694°E / -28.68139; 29.51694 (Spioenkop Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_7_29_S_24_30_9_E_&title=Spitskop+Dam","external_links_name":"28°7′29″S 24°30′9″E / 28.12472°S 24.50250°E / -28.12472; 24.50250 (Spitskop Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_19_23_S_29_56_38_E_&title=Spring+Grove+Dam","external_links_name":"29°19′23″S 29°56′38″E / 29.32306°S 29.94389°E / -29.32306; 29.94389 (Spring Grove Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=34_11_15_S_18_51_4_E_&title=Steenbras+Dam","external_links_name":"34°11′15″S 18°51′4″E / 34.18750°S 18.85111°E / -34.18750; 18.85111 (Steenbras Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=34_10_5_S_18_54_5_E_&title=Steenbras+Dam+%E2%80%93+Upper","external_links_name":"34°10′5″S 18°54′5″E / 34.16806°S 18.90139°E / -34.16806; 18.90139 (Steenbras Dam – Upper)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=34_8_50_S_18_54_0_E_&title=Steenbras+Hydro-Electric+Lower+Dam","external_links_name":"34°8′50″S 18°54′0″E / 34.14722°S 18.90000°E / -34.14722; 18.90000 (Steenbras Hydro-Electric Lower Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_23_15_S_29_1_10_E_&title=Sterkfontein+Dam","external_links_name":"28°23′15″S 29°1′10″E / 28.38750°S 29.01944°E / -28.38750; 29.01944 (Sterkfontein Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_50_14_S_19_15_8_E_&title=Stettynskloof+Dam","external_links_name":"33°50′14″S 19°15′8″E / 33.83722°S 19.25222°E / -33.83722; 19.25222 (Stettynskloof Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_30_45_S_22_35_8_E_&title=Stompdrift+Dam","external_links_name":"33°30′45″S 22°35′8″E / 33.51250°S 22.58556°E / -33.51250; 22.58556 (Stompdrift Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=27_31_35_S_24_51_16_E_&title=Taung+Dam","external_links_name":"27°31′35″S 24°51′16″E / 27.52639°S 24.85444°E / -27.52639; 24.85444 (Taung Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=34_4_45_S_19_17_1_E_&title=Theewaterskloof+Dam","external_links_name":"34°4′45″S 19°17′1″E / 34.07917°S 19.28361°E / -34.07917; 19.28361 (Theewaterskloof Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_25_20_S_26_08_10_E_&title=Tierpoort+Dam","external_links_name":"29°25′20″S 26°08′10″E / 29.42222°S 26.13611°E / -29.42222; 26.13611 (Tierpoort Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=26_29_53_S_29_14_1_E_&title=Trichardtsfontein+Dam","external_links_name":"26°29′53″S 29°14′1″E / 26.49806°S 29.23361°E / -26.49806; 29.23361 (Trichardtsfontein Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=31_53_0_S_27_38_1_E_&title=Tsojana+Dam","external_links_name":"31°53′0″S 27°38′1″E / 31.88333°S 27.63361°E / -31.88333; 27.63361 (Tsojana Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=26_25_45_S_29_13_0_E_&title=Tweedraai+Dam","external_links_name":"26°25′45″S 29°13′0″E / 26.42917°S 29.21667°E / -26.42917; 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Weir)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_18_37_S_27_28_33_E_&title=Vaalkop+Dam","external_links_name":"25°18′37″S 27°28′33″E / 25.31028°S 27.47583°E / -25.31028; 27.47583 (Vaalkop Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_59_29_S_24_43_55_E_&title=Vanderkloof+Dam","external_links_name":"29°59′29″S 24°43′55″E / 29.99139°S 24.73194°E / -29.99139; 24.73194 (Vanderkloof Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=30_22_46_S_21_48_41_E_&title=Vanwyksvlei+Dam","external_links_name":"30°22′46″S 21°48′41″E / 30.37944°S 21.81139°E / -30.37944; 21.81139 (Vanwyksvlei Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_59_11_S_18_24_29_E_&title=Victoria+Dam","external_links_name":"33°59′11″S 18°24′29″E / 33.98639°S 18.40806°E / -33.98639; 18.40806 (Victoria Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_20_15_S_19_2_1_E_&title=Vo%C3%ABlvlei+Dam","external_links_name":"33°20′15″S 19°2′1″E / 33.33750°S 19.03361°E / -33.33750; 19.03361 (Voëlvlei Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=22_56_45_S_30_20_7_E_&title=Vondo+Dam","external_links_name":"22°56′45″S 30°20′7″E / 22.94583°S 30.33528°E / -22.94583; 30.33528 (Vondo Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_52_53_S_30_37_9_E_&title=Vygeboom+Dam","external_links_name":"25°52′53″S 30°37′9″E / 25.88139°S 30.61917°E / -25.88139; 30.61917 (Vygeboom Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_2_15_S_29_51_1_E_&title=Wagendrift+Dam","external_links_name":"29°2′15″S 29°51′1″E / 29.03750°S 29.85028°E / -29.03750; 29.85028 (Wagendrift Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_17_15_S_26_51_1_E_&title=Waterdown+Dam","external_links_name":"32°17′15″S 26°51′1″E / 32.28750°S 26.85028°E / -32.28750; 26.85028 (Waterdown Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=29_54_34_S_26_51_37_E_&title=Welbedacht+Dam","external_links_name":"29°54′34″S 26°51′37″E / 29.90944°S 26.86028°E / -29.90944; 26.86028 (Welbedacht Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_50_1_S_19_5_20_E_&title=Wemmershoek+Dam","external_links_name":"33°50′1″S 19°5′20″E / 33.83361°S 19.08889°E / -33.83361; 19.08889 (Wemmershoek Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=26_30_15_S_30_37_5_E_&title=Westoe+Dam","external_links_name":"26°30′15″S 30°37′5″E / 26.50417°S 30.61806°E / -26.50417; 30.61806 (Westoe Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_53_30_S_29_19_1_E_&title=Witbank+Dam","external_links_name":"25°53′30″S 29°19′1″E / 25.89167°S 29.31694°E / -25.89167; 29.31694 (Witbank Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=25_14_10_S_30_54_1_E_&title=Witklip+Dam","external_links_name":"25°14′10″S 30°54′1″E / 25.23611°S 30.90028°E / -25.23611; 30.90028 (Witklip Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=34_0_51_S_22_13_44_E_&title=Wolwedans+Dam","external_links_name":"34°0′51″S 22°13′44″E / 34.01417°S 22.22889°E / -34.01417; 22.22889 (Wolwedans Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=33_58_38_S_18_24_8_E_&title=Woodhead+Dam","external_links_name":"33°58′38″S 18°24′8″E / 33.97722°S 18.40222°E / -33.97722; 18.40222 (Woodhead Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=28_45_31_S_29_14_46_E_&title=Woodstock+Dam","external_links_name":"28°45′31″S 29°14′46″E / 28.75861°S 29.24611°E / -28.75861; 29.24611 (Woodstock Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_34_1_S_27_35_0_E_&title=Wriggleswade+Dam","external_links_name":"32°34′1″S 27°35′0″E / 32.56694°S 27.58333°E / -32.56694; 27.58333 (Wriggleswade Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=32_08_32_S_28_05_57_E_&title=Xilinxa+Dam","external_links_name":"32°08′32″S 28°05′57″E / 32.14222°S 28.09917°E / -32.14222; 28.09917 (Xilinxa Dam)"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_dams_in_South_Africa¶ms=31_51_0_S_27_11_13_E_&title=Xonxa+Dam","external_links_name":"31°51′0″S 27°11′13″E / 31.85000°S 27.18694°E / -31.85000; 27.18694 (Xonxa 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(N)\""},{"Link":"http://www.dwa.gov.za/Hydrology/applets/weekly/HydstraWeeklyProvince.asp?region=NC","external_links_name":"\"State of Dams in Northern Cape Province as on 20091214 – Full Storage Capacity in million cubic meters (N)\""},{"Link":"http://www.dwa.gov.za/Hydrology/applets/weekly/HydstraWeeklyProvince.asp?region=G","external_links_name":"\"State of Dams in Gauteng Province as on 20091214 – Full Storage Capacity in million cubic meters (N)\""},{"Link":"http://www.dwa.gov.za/Hydrology/applets/weekly/HydstraWeeklyProvince.asp?region=NW","external_links_name":"\"State of Dams in North West Province as on 20091214 – Full Storage Capacity in million cubic meters (N)\""},{"Link":"http://www.dwa.gov.za/Hydrology/applets/weekly/HydstraWeeklyProvince.asp?region=WC","external_links_name":"\"State of Dams in Western Cape Province as on 20091214 – Full Storage Capacity in million cubic meters (N)\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091218194759/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultecape.htm","external_links_name":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape\""},{"Link":"http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultecape.htm","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100619044558/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultwcape.htm","external_links_name":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape\""},{"Link":"http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultwcape.htm","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.ru.ac.za/media/rhodesuniversity/content/environment/documents/Mullins_Grahamstowns_Water_Supply_-_a_brief_history_from_1812_to_2008_-_Museum_annals_2011.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Grahamstown's Water Supply: a brief history from 1812 to 2008\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091218194803/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultkzn.htm","external_links_name":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal\""},{"Link":"http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultkzn.htm","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091219233410/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultLimpopo.htm","external_links_name":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Limpopo\""},{"Link":"http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultLimpopo.htm","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091219024110/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultMPU.htm","external_links_name":"\"DAMS IN SOUTH AFRICA: Mpumalanga\""},{"Link":"http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/Dams/defaultMPU.htm","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090612014933/http://www.ewisa.co.za/literature/files/213%20van%20Eeden.pdf","external_links_name":"\"A Preliminary assessment of the present ecological state of the major rivers and streams within the Northern Service Delivery Region of the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality\""},{"Link":"http://www.ewisa.co.za/literature/files/213%20van%20Eeden.pdf","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.eskom.co.za/content/P%20FA%20Pg%2001-08.pdf","external_links_name":"\"P Pumped Storage Scheme\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150924084656/http://www.randwater.co.za/CorporateResponsibility/WWE/Pages/WaterOrigination.aspx","external_links_name":"\"Water Origination: The Vaal River System\""},{"Link":"http://www.randwater.co.za/CorporateResponsibility/WWE/Pages/WaterOrigination.aspx","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.dwa.gov.za/dso/","external_links_name":"\"Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160126090550/https://www.dwa.gov.za/Hydrology/Weekly/Province.aspx","external_links_name":"Reservoir Storage Summaries"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courrendlin
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Courrendlin
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["1 History","2 Geography","3 Coat of arms","4 Demographics","5 Sights","6 Politics","7 Economy","8 Religion","9 Education","10 References","11 External links"]
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Coordinates: 47°20′N 07°22′E / 47.333°N 7.367°E / 47.333; 7.367Municipality in Jura, SwitzerlandCourrendlinMunicipalityCourrendlin village
Coat of armsLocation of Courrendlin
CourrendlinShow map of SwitzerlandCourrendlinShow map of Canton of JuraCoordinates: 47°20′N 07°22′E / 47.333°N 7.367°E / 47.333; 7.367CountrySwitzerlandCantonJuraDistrictDelémontGovernment • MayorMaireGérard MétilleArea • Total11.07 km2 (4.27 sq mi)Elevation436 m (1,430 ft)Population (31 December 2018) • Total3,064 • Density280/km2 (720/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (Central European Time) • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time)Postal code(s)2830SFOS number6708ISO 3166 codeCH-JULocalitiesChoindezSurrounded byVellerat, Châtillon, Rossemaison, Delémont, Courroux, Rebeuvelier, Roches (BE)Websitewww.courrendlin.ch SFSO statistics
Courrendlin (French pronunciation: ; Franc-Comtois: Coérrendlïn) is a municipality in the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Rebeuvelier and Vellerat merged into the municipality of Courrendlin.
History
Courrendlin is first mentioned in 866 as Rendelana Corte.
Geography
Old home in Courrendlin
Aerial view (1955)
Courrendlin has an area of 11.09 km2 (4.28 sq mi). Of this area, 4.79 km2 (1.85 sq mi) or 43.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.4 km2 (1.7 sq mi) or 39.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.67 km2 (0.64 sq mi) or 15.1% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.1 km2 (25 acres) or 0.9% is either rivers or lakes and 0.07 km2 (17 acres) or 0.6% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.9% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 5.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.6%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.6% of the area Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 25.5% is used for growing crops and 12.1% is pastures and 5.1% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The municipality is located in the Delemont district, on the Birs river as it flows out of Moutier canyon. It consists of the old linear village of Courrendlin on the right side of the river, the train station and newer housing developments on the left bank and the foundry complex of Choindez south of the village.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent, a Falcon Azure langued and belled Gules statant on Coupeaux Vert.
Demographics
Courrendlin has a population (as of December 2020) of 3,631. As of 2016, 21.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 6 years (2010-2016) the population has changed at a rate of 12.40%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2016, was 12.0, while the death rate was 10.9 per thousand residents.
Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (2,152 or 88.4%) as their first language, German is the second most common (127 or 5.2%) and Italian is the third (44 or 1.8%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.
As of 2008, the population was 49.8% male and 50.2% female. The population was made up of 1,008 Swiss men (40.7% of the population) and 225 (9.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,036 Swiss women (41.8%) and 208 (8.4%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 823 or about 33.8% were born in Courrendlin and lived there in 2000. There were 753 or 30.9% who were born in the same canton, while 437 or 17.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 361 or 14.8% were born outside of Switzerland.
As of 2016, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24.0% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 59.1% of the population and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.9%. In 2015 there were 1,237 single residents, 1,207 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 139 widows or widowers and 200 divorced residents.
As of 2000, there were 968 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. There were 271 households that consist of only one person and 73 households with five or more people. In 2000, a total of 946 apartments (89.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 54 apartments (5.1%) were seasonally occupied and 52 apartments (4.9%) were empty. As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 5.7 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 5.3%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Sights
The entire Choindez area is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.
Politics
In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SP with 31.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (22.1%), the CVP (18.7%) and the FDP (10.1%). In the federal election, a total of 794 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 52.7%.
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 47.24% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (16.81%), the CVP (14.55%) and the FDP (13.46%). In the federal election, a total of 659 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 41.1%.
Economy
A16 motorway bridge at Choindez
Courrendlin is a periurbane community. The municipality is part of the agglomeration of Delémont. As of 2014, there were a total of 743 people employed in the municipality. Of these, 36 people worked in 18 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 323 workers in 45 separate businesses, with one business employing 124 workers. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 384 jobs in 105 businesses. In 2016 a total of 12.2% of the population received social assistance.
In 2011 the unemployment rate in the municipality was 5.6%.
In 2015 the average cantonal, municipal and church tax rate in the municipality for a couple with two children making SFr 80,000 was 6% while the rate for a single person making SFr 150,000 was 20%, both of which are close to the average for the canton. The canton has a slightly higher than average tax rate for those making SFr 80,000 and a slightly higher than average rate for those making SFr 150,000. In 2013 the average income in the municipality per tax payer was SFr 65,140 and the per person average was SFr 24,146, which is less than the cantonal average of SFr 66,925 and SFr 26,992 respectively It is also less than the national per tax payer average of SFr 82,682 and the per person average of SFr 35,825.
In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 601. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 27, of which 26 were in agriculture and 1 was in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 260 of which 193 or (74.2%) were in manufacturing and 65 (25.0%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 314. In the tertiary sector; 123 or 39.2% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 29 or 9.2% were in the movement and storage of goods, 18 or 5.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4 or 1.3% were in the information industry, 3 or 1.0% were the insurance or financial industry, 15 or 4.8% were technical professionals or scientists, 33 or 10.5% were in education and 23 or 7.3% were in health care.
In 2000, there were 602 workers who commuted into the municipality and 872 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.4 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 6.0% of the workforce coming into Courrendlin are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 15.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 65% used a private car.
Religion
Courrendlin church tower
From the 2000 census, 1,698 or 69.7% were Roman Catholic, while 391 or 16.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, there were 2 individuals (or about 0.08% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 103 individuals (or about 4.23% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 74 (or about 3.04% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were Buddhist, 1 person who was Hindu and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 137 (or about 5.63% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 75 individuals (or about 3.08% of the population) did not answer the question.
Education
Courrendlin school house
In Courrendlin about 889 or (36.5%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 177 or (7.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 177 who completed tertiary schooling, 64.4% were Swiss men, 25.4% were Swiss women, 7.9% were non-Swiss men.
The Canton of Jura school system provides two year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2009-10 school year, there were a total of 127 students attending 7 classes in Courrendlin. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality. The municipality had no primary school classes, all the students attended school in a neighboring school. During the same year, there were 7 lower secondary classes with a total of 127 students.
As of 2000, there were 46 students in Courrendlin who came from another municipality, while 85 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
References
^ a b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
^ "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
^ "Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz". www.bfs.admin.ch (in German). Bundesamt für Statistik. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
^ a b Courrendlin in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
^ Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data (in German) accessed 25 March 2010
^ Flags of the World.com Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine accessed 21-December-2011
^ "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
^ a b c Regionalporträts 2018: Swiss Federal Statistical Office (in German) accessed 17 September 2018
^ a b c d STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 Archived April 9, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 2 February 2011
^ Canton Jura Statistics- Population résidante permanente au 1er janvier 2010, canton du Jura et communes Archived April 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (in French) accessed 2 March 2011
^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geschlecht, Zivilstand und Geburtsort (in German) accessed 8 September 2016
^ a b c d Swiss Federal Statistical Office Archived January 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine accessed 21-December-2011
^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen Archived September 7, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 January 2011
^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Archived September 30, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 29 January 2011
^ "Kantonsliste A-Objekte". KGS Inventar (in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
^ "Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden" (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. Archived from the original on 2 August 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton Archived May 14, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 May 2010
^ "Die Raumgliederungen der Schweiz 2016" (in German, French, Italian, and English). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
^ Federal Statistical Office -Arbeitsstätten und Beschäftigte nach Gemeinde, Wirtschaftssektor und Grössenklasse accessed 31 October 2016
^ "Arbeitslosenquote 2011". Statistical Atlas of Switzerland. Swiss Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
^ "18 - Öffentliche Finanzen > Steuern". Swiss Atlas. Swiss Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 Archived December 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 28 January 2011
^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb (in German) accessed 24 June 2010
^ EDK/CDIP/IDES (2010). Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 24 June 2010.
^ Effectifs de l'école enfantine 2009-2010 Archived April 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (in French) accessed 19 December 2011
^ Effectifs de l'école primaire (in French) accessed 19 December 2011
^ Effectifs de l'école secondaire (in French) accessed 19 December 2011
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Courrendlin.
Courrendlin in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
vteMunicipalities in the district of Delémont, Switzerland
Boécourt
Bourrignon
Châtillon
Courchapoix
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Courroux
Courtételle
Delémont
Develier
Ederswiler
Haute-Sorne
Mervelier
Mettembert
Movelier
Pleigne
Rossemaison
Saulcy
Soyhières
Val Terbi
Canton of Jura
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On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Rebeuvelier and Vellerat merged into the municipality of Courrendlin.[3]","title":"Courrendlin"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HDS-4"}],"text":"Courrendlin is first mentioned in 866 as Rendelana Corte.[4]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Courrendlin_Haus.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ETH-BIB-Courrendlin-LBS_H1-018725.tif"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Arealstatistik-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BFS_land-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BFS_land-6"},{"link_name":"Birs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birs"},{"link_name":"linear village","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_village"},{"link_name":"foundry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundry"}],"text":"Old home in CourrendlinAerial view (1955)Courrendlin has an area of 11.09 km2 (4.28 sq mi).[5] Of this area, 4.79 km2 (1.85 sq mi) or 43.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.4 km2 (1.7 sq mi) or 39.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.67 km2 (0.64 sq mi) or 15.1% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.1 km2 (25 acres) or 0.9% is either rivers or lakes and 0.07 km2 (17 acres) or 0.6% is unproductive land.[6]Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.9% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 5.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.6%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.6% of the area Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 25.5% is used for growing crops and 12.1% is pastures and 5.1% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.[6]The municipality is located in the Delemont district, on the Birs river as it flows out of Moutier canyon. It consists of the old linear village of Courrendlin on the right side of the river, the train station and newer housing developments on the left bank and the foundry complex of Choindez south of the village.","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"blazon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blazon"},{"link_name":"coat of arms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent, a Falcon Azure langued and belled Gules statant on Coupeaux Vert.[7]","title":"Coat of arms"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courrendlin&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Stat2020_JU-8"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courrendlin&action=edit"},{"link_name":"birth rate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_rate"},{"link_name":"death rate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_rate"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFOS2018-9"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courrendlin&action=edit"},{"link_name":"French","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language"},{"link_name":"German","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language"},{"link_name":"Italian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language"},{"link_name":"Romansh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romansh_language"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-STAT2000-10"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courrendlin&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-STAT2000-10"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courrendlin&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFOS2018-9"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courrendlin&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFSO-13"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courrendlin&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Housing-14"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courrendlin&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFSO-13"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courrendlin&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFSO-13"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HDS-4"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"Courrendlin has a population (as of December 2020[update]) of 3,631.[8] As of 2016[update], 21.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 6 years (2010-2016) the population has changed at a rate of 12.40%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2016, was 12.0, while the death rate was 10.9 per thousand residents.[9]Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks French (2,152 or 88.4%) as their first language, German is the second most common (127 or 5.2%) and Italian is the third (44 or 1.8%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.[10]As of 2008[update], the population was 49.8% male and 50.2% female. The population was made up of 1,008 Swiss men (40.7% of the population) and 225 (9.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,036 Swiss women (41.8%) and 208 (8.4%) non-Swiss women.[11] Of the population in the municipality, 823 or about 33.8% were born in Courrendlin and lived there in 2000. There were 753 or 30.9% who were born in the same canton, while 437 or 17.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 361 or 14.8% were born outside of Switzerland.[10]As of 2016[update], children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24.0% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 59.1% of the population and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.9%.[9] In 2015 there were 1,237 single residents, 1,207 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 139 widows or widowers and 200 divorced residents.[12]As of 2000[update], there were 968 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household.[13] There were 271 households that consist of only one person and 73 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 946 apartments (89.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 54 apartments (5.1%) were seasonally occupied and 52 apartments (4.9%) were empty.[14] As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 5.7 new units per 1000 residents.[13] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010[update], was 5.3%.[13]The historical population is given in the following chart:[4][15]","title":"Demographics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory_of_Swiss_Heritage_Sites"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"text":"The entire Choindez area is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[16]","title":"Sights"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"2015 federal election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Swiss_federal_election"},{"link_name":"SP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland"},{"link_name":"SVP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party"},{"link_name":"CVP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland"},{"link_name":"FDP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals"},{"link_name":"voter turnout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_turnout"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"2007 federal election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Swiss_federal_election"},{"link_name":"voter turnout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_turnout"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"text":"In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SP with 31.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (22.1%), the CVP (18.7%) and the FDP (10.1%). In the federal election, a total of 794 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 52.7%.[17]In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 47.24% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (16.81%), the CVP (14.55%) and the FDP (13.46%). In the federal election, a total of 659 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 41.1%.[18]","title":"Politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Choindez_Bruecke.jpg"},{"link_name":"A16 motorway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A16_motorway_(Switzerland)"},{"link_name":"periurbane community","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri-urbanisation"},{"link_name":"agglomeration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_agglomeration"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courrendlin&action=edit"},{"link_name":"primary economic sector","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy"},{"link_name":"secondary sector","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy"},{"link_name":"tertiary sector","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFOS2018-9"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"SFr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_franc"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courrendlin&action=edit"},{"link_name":"full-time equivalent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full-time_equivalent"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courrendlin&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-commuter-24"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SFSO-13"}],"text":"A16 motorway bridge at ChoindezCourrendlin is a periurbane community. The municipality is part of the agglomeration of Delémont.[19] As of 2014[update], there were a total of 743 people employed in the municipality. Of these, 36 people worked in 18 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 323 workers in 45 separate businesses, with one business employing 124 workers. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 384 jobs in 105 businesses.[20] In 2016 a total of 12.2% of the population received social assistance.[9]In 2011 the unemployment rate in the municipality was 5.6%.[21]In 2015 the average cantonal, municipal and church tax rate in the municipality for a couple with two children making SFr 80,000 was 6% while the rate for a single person making SFr 150,000 was 20%, both of which are close to the average for the canton. The canton has a slightly higher than average tax rate for those making SFr 80,000 and a slightly higher than average rate for those making SFr 150,000. In 2013 the average income in the municipality per tax payer was SFr 65,140 and the per person average was SFr 24,146, which is less than the cantonal average of SFr 66,925 and SFr 26,992 respectively It is also less than the national per tax payer average of SFr 82,682 and the per person average of SFr 35,825.[22]In 2008[update] the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 601. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 27, of which 26 were in agriculture and 1 was in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 260 of which 193 or (74.2%) were in manufacturing and 65 (25.0%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 314. In the tertiary sector; 123 or 39.2% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 29 or 9.2% were in the movement and storage of goods, 18 or 5.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4 or 1.3% were in the information industry, 3 or 1.0% were the insurance or financial industry, 15 or 4.8% were technical professionals or scientists, 33 or 10.5% were in education and 23 or 7.3% were in health care.[23]In 2000[update], there were 602 workers who commuted into the municipality and 872 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.4 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 6.0% of the workforce coming into Courrendlin are coming from outside Switzerland.[24] Of the working population, 15.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 65% used a private car.[13]","title":"Economy"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Courrendlin_Kirchturm.jpg"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courrendlin&action=edit"},{"link_name":"Roman Catholic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic"},{"link_name":"Swiss Reformed Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Reformed_Church"},{"link_name":"member of an Orthodox church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodoxy#Christianity"},{"link_name":"Christian Catholic Church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Catholic_Church_of_Switzerland"},{"link_name":"Islamic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam"},{"link_name":"Buddhist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism"},{"link_name":"Hindu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism"},{"link_name":"agnostic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosticism"},{"link_name":"atheist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-STAT2000-10"}],"text":"Courrendlin church towerFrom the 2000 census[update], 1,698 or 69.7% were Roman Catholic, while 391 or 16.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, there were 2 individuals (or about 0.08% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 103 individuals (or about 4.23% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 74 (or about 3.04% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were Buddhist, 1 person who was Hindu and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 137 (or about 5.63% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 75 individuals (or about 3.08% of the population) did not answer the question.[10]","title":"Religion"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Courrendlin_Schulhaus.jpg"},{"link_name":"upper secondary education","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland#Secondary"},{"link_name":"university","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Switzerland"},{"link_name":"Fachhochschule","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fachhochschule"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-STAT2000-10"},{"link_name":"Kindergarten","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindergarten"},{"link_name":"apprenticeship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apprenticeship"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-kinder-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Primary-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-secondary-28"},{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Courrendlin&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-commuter-24"}],"text":"Courrendlin school houseIn Courrendlin about 889 or (36.5%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 177 or (7.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 177 who completed tertiary schooling, 64.4% were Swiss men, 25.4% were Swiss women, 7.9% were non-Swiss men.[10]The Canton of Jura school system provides two year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship.[25]During the 2009-10 school year, there were a total of 127 students attending 7 classes in Courrendlin. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality.[26] The municipality had no primary school classes, all the students attended school in a neighboring school.[27] During the same year, there were 7 lower secondary classes with a total of 127 students.[28]As of 2000[update], there were 46 students in Courrendlin who came from another municipality, while 85 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[24]","title":"Education"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Old home in Courrendlin","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Courrendlin_Haus.jpg/220px-Courrendlin_Haus.jpg"},{"image_text":"Aerial view (1955)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ETH-BIB-Courrendlin-LBS_H1-018725.tif/lossy-page1-220px-ETH-BIB-Courrendlin-LBS_H1-018725.tif.jpg"},{"image_text":"A16 motorway bridge at Choindez","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Choindez_Bruecke.jpg/220px-Choindez_Bruecke.jpg"},{"image_text":"Courrendlin church tower","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Courrendlin_Kirchturm.jpg/170px-Courrendlin_Kirchturm.jpg"},{"image_text":"Courrendlin school house","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Courrendlin_Schulhaus.jpg/220px-Courrendlin_Schulhaus.jpg"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen\". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung/gesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen/gemeinden.html","url_text":"\"Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018\". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung.assetdetail.7966022.html","url_text":"\"Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018\""}]},{"reference":"\"Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz\". www.bfs.admin.ch (in German). Bundesamt für Statistik. Retrieved 3 January 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/grundlagen/agvch.html","url_text":"\"Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit\". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/px-x-0102020000_201","url_text":"\"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit\""}]},{"reference":"\"Kantonsliste A-Objekte\". KGS Inventar (in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 25 April 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html","url_text":"\"Kantonsliste A-Objekte\""},{"url":"http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden\" [National council elections 2015: strength of the parties and voter turnout by municipality] (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. Archived from the original on 2 August 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160802003536/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html","url_text":"\"Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden\""},{"url":"http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Die Raumgliederungen der Schweiz 2016\" (in German, French, Italian, and English). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/querschnittsthemen/raeumliche-analysen/raeumliche-gliederungen/analyseregionen.assetdetail.335600.html","url_text":"\"Die Raumgliederungen der Schweiz 2016\""}]},{"reference":"\"Arbeitslosenquote 2011\". Statistical Atlas of Switzerland. Swiss Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 4 May 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/maps/13/map/mapIdOnly/0_de.html","url_text":"\"Arbeitslosenquote 2011\""}]},{"reference":"\"18 - Öffentliche Finanzen > Steuern\". Swiss Atlas. Swiss Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 26 April 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/maps/13/de/12307_3080_104_70/20321.html","url_text":"\"18 - Öffentliche Finanzen > Steuern\""}]},{"reference":"EDK/CDIP/IDES (2010). Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 24 June 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://edudoc.ch/record/35128/files/Schulsystem_alle.pdf","url_text":"Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_7:23
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Matthew 7:23
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["1 Content","2 Analysis","3 Commentary from the Church Fathers","4 References"]
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Matthew 7:23← 7:227:24 →"The Sermon on the Mount" by Nikolay Lomtev (1816–1858), before 1858.BookGospel of MatthewChristian Bible partNew Testament
Matthew 7:23 is the twenty-third verse of the seventh chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse continues Jesus' warning against false prophets.
Content
In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:
And then will I profess unto them, I never
knew you: depart from me, ye that work iniquity.
The World English Bible translates the passage as:
Then I will tell them, 'I never knew
you. Depart from me, you who work iniquity.'
The Novum Testamentum Graece text is:
καὶ τότε ὁμολογήσω αὐτοῖς ὅτι Οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς
ἀποχωρεῖτε ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι τὴν ἀνομίαν.
The New Living Translation reads:
But I will reply, ‘I never knew you. Get away from me, you who break God’s laws.’
For a collection of other versions see BibleHub Matthew 7:23
Analysis
The previous verse featured charismatic miracle workers appealing to Jesus at the Last Judgment after being condemned even after performing miraculous acts. This verse is Jesus' response.
This verse gives evidence for what the author of Matthew believed Jesus' role would be at the Last Judgment, an important Christological question. Hare believes that the wording makes clear that Jesus is not the judge, but is rather a witness or advocate before God. Jesus does not use the language of a judge. The word translated as profess/tell is a specific legal term that was used by a witness in a court of law while making a statement. France and Schweizer disagree, and believe that in these verses Jesus is presenting himself as the judge at the Last Judgment.
The final part of the verse is a reference to Psalm 6:8. It is also rooted in Jewish legal traditions. "Depart from me" is a phrase of renunciation to be used against those who have been expelled from the community. "You mean nothing to me" was an equivalent, if stronger, possible phrase. The phrase translated as "you who work iniquity," literally means "you who break the law." Alternative translations are evildoers or lawbreakers. There is debate amongst scholars over whether this is a specific reference to the Law of Moses. Christian churches have long rejected the need to follow the Mosaic codes, but some scholars believe that the author of Matthew did believe that they needed to be obeyed.
Commentary from the Church Fathers
Pseudo-Chrysostom: For great wrath ought to be preceded by great forbearance, that the sentence of God may be made more just, and the death of the sinners more merited. God does not know sinners because they are not worthy that they should be known of God; not that He altogether is ignorant concerning them, but because He knows them not for His own. For God knows all men according to nature, but He seems not to know them for that He loves them not, as they seem not to know God who do not serve Him worthily.
Chrysostom: He says to them, I never knew you, as it were, not at the day of judgment only, but not even then when ye were working miracles. For there are many whom He has now in abhorrence, and yet turns away His wrath before their punishment.
Jerome: Note that He says, I never knew you, as being against some that say that all men have always been among rational creatures.
Gregory the Great: By this sentence it is given to us to learn, that among men charity and humility, and not mighty works, are to be esteemed. Whence also now the Holy Church, if there be any miracles of heretics, despises them, because she knows that they have not the mark of holiness. And the proof of holiness is not to work miracles, but to love our neighbour as ourselves, to think truly of God, and of our neighbour better than of ourselves.
Augustine: But never let it be said as the Manichees say, that the Lord spoke these things concerning the holy Prophets; He spoke of those who after the preaching of His Gospel seem to themselves to speak in His name not knowing what they speak.
Hilary of Poitiers: But thus the hypocrites boasted, as though they spoke somewhat of themselves, and as though the power of God did not work all these things, being invoked; but reading has brought them the knowledge of His doctrine, and the name of Christ casts out the dæmons. Out of our own selves then is that blessed eternity to be earned, and out of ourselves must be put forth something that we may will that which is good, that we may avoid all evil, and may rather do what He would have us do, than boast of that to which He enables us.
Then he disowns and banishes them for their evil works, saying, Depart from me, ye that work iniquity.
Jerome: He says not, Who have worked, but, who work iniquity, that He should not seem to take away repentance. Ye, that is, who up to the present hour when the judgment is come, though ye have not the opportunity, yet retain the desire of sinning.
Pseudo-Chrysostom: For death separates the soul from the body, but changes not the purpose of the heart.
References
^ Hare, Douglas R. A. Matthew. Interpretation, a Bible commentary for teaching and preaching. Westminster John Knox Press, 1993
^ France, R.T. The Gospel According to Matthew: an Introduction and Commentary. Leicester: Inter-Varsity, 1985. pg. 149
^ Schweizer, Eduard. The Good News According to Matthew. Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1975 pg. 188
^ Hill, David. The Gospel of Matthew. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1981 pg. 152
^ Hare, Douglas R. A. Matthew. Interpretation, a Bible commentary for teaching and preaching. Westminster John Knox Press, 1993
^ a b c d e f g h "Catena Aurea: commentary on the four Gospels; collected out of the works of the Fathers. Oxford: Parker, 1874. Thomas Aquinas". This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Preceded byMatthew 7:22
Gospel of MatthewChapter 7
Succeeded byMatthew 7:24
vteGospel of Matthew chapter 7Verse
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberf%C3%B6hring
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Bogenhausen
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["1 Sub-divisions","1.1 Alt-Bogenhausen","1.2 Herzogpark","1.3 Priel, Oberföhring and St. Emmeram","1.4 Johanneskirchen","1.5 Other quarters","2 References","3 External links"]
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Coordinates: 48°08′53″N 11°37′00″E / 48.14806°N 11.61667°E / 48.14806; 11.61667Borough of Munich, Germany
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Bogenhausen" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
District map
Bogenhausen (Central Bavarian: Bognhausn) is the 13th borough of Munich, Germany. It is the geographically largest borough of Munich and comprises the city's north-eastern quarter, reaching from the Isar on the eastern side of the Englischer Garten to the city limits, bordering on Unterföhring to the north, Aschheim to the east and the Haidhausen borough to the south.
Sub-divisions
Alt-Bogenhausen
Saint George's church, Bogenhausen
Alt-Bogenhausen is the oldest part of Bogenhausen and is located between the river Isar to the west, the Prinzregentenstraße to the south and the Mittlerer Ring to the east and north.
Alt-Bogenhausen is one of Munich's most desirable residential districts and has some of the highest quality housing in town which comes with the highest rental prices in Germany.
The borough's main artery is Ismaninger Straße, connecting Prinzregentenstraße to the south with Mittlerer Ring in the north at Effnerplatz. The district is serviced by the tram lines 16 and 18 as well as the bus lines 54, 154, 100, 187, 188 and 189. The nearest Munich U-Bahn stations are Prinzregentenplatz to the south-east and Böhmerwaldplatz and Richard-Strauss-Straße to the east.
Many well known and wealthy Persons and families have houses in Alt-Bogenhausen for example Käfers (Feinkost Käfer), Sedelmayrs, Burdas, Samwers, Quanndts, Strauss and Roland Berger.
HVB Tower at Arabellapark
Herzogpark
Herzogpark is a quiet, secretive and highly exclusive residential area north of Alt-Bogenhausen, enclosed between the river Isar to the west and the Isarhochufer (lit. Isar cliff line). It is considered the most expensive and classy of Munich's numerous upscale residential districts, being the preferred living environment of the more reclusive commercial and political elite of the city (in contrast to film and sports stars, who either prefer the more urban districts of the inner city or the suburb of Grünwald). The whole area lies hidden between lush vegetation at the foot of the Isarhochufer, making it practically invisible from the outside - even from surrounding vantage points.
The housing mostly consists of early-20th century villas as well as modern villas, built after World War II. While most of the district is free of car traffic, the Isarring highway, part of the Mittlerer Ring road system, divides the district into a northern and a southern part, leading to complaints by neighbours due to extensive car noise. The district is serviced by the bus line 187.
Priel, Oberföhring and St. Emmeram
Priel and Oberföhring are two residential quarters north of Alt-Bogenhausen and up the slope from Herzogpark, straddling Oberföhringer Straße, the districts' main traffic artery. The housing mostly consists of apartment buildings, affording a great view across the city. Oberföhring became part of Munich on 1 July 1913.
St. Emmeram is located on the river Isar and is a lush enclave of green. It is named after the St. Emmeram Chapel, which in turn is named after Otloh of St. Emmeram.
Johanneskirchen
Johanneskirchen is located east of the S8 train line. The district mostly consists of detached and semi-detached houses and has retained some of its rural character. It is serviced by the at the Johanneskirchen S-Bahn station.
Other quarters
The Bogenhausen borough also includes Arabellapark, Cosimapark, and Johanneskirchen to the north and north-east, as well as Englschalking, Denning, Zamdorf and Daglfing to the east. Especially Denning and Englschalking have developed into very idyllic and affluent suburban residential districts, making them extremely popular with well-off families who increasingly build new houses and villas there.
Parts of Englschalking and almost the whole of Daglfing (which lies just outside Munich's official city limits, bordering Denning and Zamdorf), have retained a distinctive rural character, still featuring old farm buildings and fields. The contrast between these rural and the more modern suburban areas becomes apparent as soon as one crosses the Munich S-Bahn rails of Line , which practically coincides with Munich's eastern border in this area.
The other parts of the Stadtbezirk are a relatively newly developed mixture of commercial and residential areas. Even Arabellapark, which became Munich's first true cluster of high-rise buildings in the 80's, and Cosimapark, a post-World War II housing estate, were predominantly green fields until the 60's, but have been rapidly developed since then. You can find a mixture of offices, restaurants, shops, sports facilities and schools there, alternating with typical German apartment buildings from the 60's and 70's right up to newly built offerings, older and newer detached and semi-detached houses, villas, and quite a few authentic farm houses that survived modern developments. Additionally, multitudes of parks and playgrounds dot the whole area.
References
^ "Best Neighborhoods in Munich - Overview & Comparison | Moving to Munich" (in German). 2015-06-09. Retrieved 2021-04-23.
^ Wilhelm Volkert (Hrsg.) (1983), Handbuch der bayerischen Ämter, Gemeinden und Gerichte 1799–1980 (in German), München: C.H.Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 Seite 601
External links
Toytowngermany.com article on Bogenhausen
vteBoroughs of Munich
Allach-Untermenzing
Altstadt-Lehel
Aubing-Lochhausen-Langwied
Au-Haidhausen
Berg am Laim
Bogenhausen
Feldmoching-Hasenbergl
Hadern
Laim
Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt
Maxvorstadt
Milbertshofen-Am Hart
Moosach
Neuhausen-Nymphenburg
Obergiesing
Pasing-Obermenzing
Ramersdorf-Perlach
Schwabing-Freimann
Schwabing-West
Schwanthalerhöhe
Sendling
Sendling-Westpark
Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-Fürstenried-Solln
Trudering-Riem
Untergiesing-Harlaching
48°08′53″N 11°37′00″E / 48.14806°N 11.61667°E / 48.14806; 11.61667
Authority control databases: National
Germany
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M%C3%BCnchen_-_Stadtbezirk_13_(Karte)_-_Bogenhausen.png"},{"link_name":"Central Bavarian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bavarian"},{"link_name":"Munich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"},{"link_name":"Englischer Garten","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englischer_Garten"},{"link_name":"Unterföhring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unterf%C3%B6hring"},{"link_name":"Aschheim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aschheim"},{"link_name":"Haidhausen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haidhausen_(Munich)"}],"text":"Borough of Munich, GermanyDistrict mapBogenhausen (Central Bavarian: Bognhausn) is the 13th borough of Munich, Germany. It is the geographically largest borough of Munich and comprises the city's north-eastern quarter, reaching from the Isar on the eastern side of the Englischer Garten to the city limits, bordering on Unterföhring to the north, Aschheim to the east and the Haidhausen borough to the south.","title":"Bogenhausen"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Sub-divisions"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KircheStGeorgMuenchenBogenhausenA.jpg"},{"link_name":"Saint George","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_George"},{"link_name":"Prinzregentenstraße","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinzregentenstrasse_(Munich)"},{"link_name":"Mittlerer Ring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittlerer_Ring"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Ismaninger Straße","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismaninger_Stra%C3%9Fe"},{"link_name":"Effnerplatz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Effnerplatz&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Munich U-Bahn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_U-Bahn"},{"link_name":"Prinzregentenplatz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinzregentenplatz_(Munich_U-Bahn)"},{"link_name":"Böhmerwaldplatz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6hmerwaldplatz_(Munich_U-Bahn)"},{"link_name":"Richard-Strauss-Straße","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard-Strauss-Stra%C3%9Fe_(Munich_U-Bahn)"},{"link_name":"Sedelmayrs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedlmayr"},{"link_name":"Burdas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Burda"},{"link_name":"Samwers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Samwer&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Quanndts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Quandt"},{"link_name":"Strauss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monika_Hohlmeier"},{"link_name":"Roland Berger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Berger"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hypo-Haus.JPG"},{"link_name":"HVB Tower","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypo-Haus"},{"link_name":"Arabellapark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabellapark"}],"sub_title":"Alt-Bogenhausen","text":"Saint George's church, BogenhausenAlt-Bogenhausen is the oldest part of Bogenhausen and is located between the river Isar to the west, the Prinzregentenstraße to the south and the Mittlerer Ring to the east and north. \nAlt-Bogenhausen is one of Munich's most desirable residential districts and has some of the highest quality housing in town which comes with the highest rental prices in Germany.[1] \nThe borough's main artery is Ismaninger Straße, connecting Prinzregentenstraße to the south with Mittlerer Ring in the north at Effnerplatz. The district is serviced by the tram lines 16 and 18 as well as the bus lines 54, 154, 100, 187, 188 and 189. The nearest Munich U-Bahn stations are Prinzregentenplatz to the south-east and Böhmerwaldplatz and Richard-Strauss-Straße to the east.Many well known and wealthy Persons and families have houses in Alt-Bogenhausen for example Käfers (Feinkost Käfer), Sedelmayrs, Burdas, Samwers, Quanndts, Strauss and Roland Berger.HVB Tower at Arabellapark","title":"Sub-divisions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Grünwald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnwald,_Bavaria"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"Isarring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isarring"}],"sub_title":"Herzogpark","text":"Herzogpark is a quiet, secretive and highly exclusive residential area north of Alt-Bogenhausen, enclosed between the river Isar to the west and the Isarhochufer (lit. Isar cliff line). It is considered the most expensive and classy of Munich's numerous upscale residential districts, being the preferred living environment of the more reclusive commercial and political elite of the city (in contrast to film and sports stars, who either prefer the more urban districts of the inner city or the suburb of Grünwald). The whole area lies hidden between lush vegetation at the foot of the Isarhochufer, making it practically invisible from the outside - even from surrounding vantage points. \nThe housing mostly consists of early-20th century villas as well as modern villas, built after World War II. While most of the district is free of car traffic, the Isarring highway, part of the Mittlerer Ring road system, divides the district into a northern and a southern part, leading to complaints by neighbours due to extensive car noise. The district is serviced by the bus line 187.","title":"Sub-divisions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Otloh of St. Emmeram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otloh_of_St._Emmeram"}],"sub_title":"Priel, Oberföhring and St. Emmeram","text":"Priel and Oberföhring are two residential quarters north of Alt-Bogenhausen and up the slope from Herzogpark, straddling Oberföhringer Straße, the districts' main traffic artery. The housing mostly consists of apartment buildings, affording a great view across the city. Oberföhring became part of Munich on 1 July 1913.[2]St. Emmeram is located on the river Isar and is a lush enclave of green. It is named after the St. Emmeram Chapel, which in turn is named after Otloh of St. Emmeram.","title":"Sub-divisions"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S8_(Munich)"},{"link_name":"Johanneskirchen S-Bahn station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen-Johanneskirchen_station"}],"sub_title":"Johanneskirchen","text":"Johanneskirchen is located east of the S8 train line. The district mostly consists of detached and semi-detached houses and has retained some of its rural character. It is serviced by the at the Johanneskirchen S-Bahn station.","title":"Sub-divisions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Englschalking","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englschalking"},{"link_name":"Denning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denning_(Munich)"},{"link_name":"Munich S-Bahn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_S-Bahn"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S8_(Munich)"}],"sub_title":"Other quarters","text":"The Bogenhausen borough also includes Arabellapark, Cosimapark, and Johanneskirchen to the north and north-east, as well as Englschalking, Denning, Zamdorf and Daglfing to the east. Especially Denning and Englschalking have developed into very idyllic and affluent suburban residential districts, making them extremely popular with well-off families who increasingly build new houses and villas there. \nParts of Englschalking and almost the whole of Daglfing (which lies just outside Munich's official city limits, bordering Denning and Zamdorf), have retained a distinctive rural character, still featuring old farm buildings and fields. The contrast between these rural and the more modern suburban areas becomes apparent as soon as one crosses the Munich S-Bahn rails of Line , which practically coincides with Munich's eastern border in this area.The other parts of the Stadtbezirk are a relatively newly developed mixture of commercial and residential areas. Even Arabellapark, which became Munich's first true cluster of high-rise buildings in the 80's, and Cosimapark, a post-World War II housing estate, were predominantly green fields until the 60's, but have been rapidly developed since then. You can find a mixture of offices, restaurants, shops, sports facilities and schools there, alternating with typical German apartment buildings from the 60's and 70's right up to newly built offerings, older and newer detached and semi-detached houses, villas, and quite a few authentic farm houses that survived modern developments. Additionally, multitudes of parks and playgrounds dot the whole area.","title":"Sub-divisions"}]
|
[{"image_text":"District map","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/M%C3%BCnchen_-_Stadtbezirk_13_%28Karte%29_-_Bogenhausen.png/220px-M%C3%BCnchen_-_Stadtbezirk_13_%28Karte%29_-_Bogenhausen.png"},{"image_text":"Saint George's church, Bogenhausen","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/KircheStGeorgMuenchenBogenhausenA.jpg/220px-KircheStGeorgMuenchenBogenhausenA.jpg"},{"image_text":"HVB Tower at Arabellapark","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Hypo-Haus.JPG/220px-Hypo-Haus.JPG"}]
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commandants_of_Cadets_of_the_United_States_Air_Force_Academy
|
Commandant of Cadets of the United States Air Force Academy
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["1 List of commandants of cadets","2 References","2.1 Notes","2.2 References"]
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The Commandant of Cadets at the United States Air Force Academy is the officer in charge of the Cadet Wing. Under the Superintendent, the Commandant oversees all of the cadets' military training at the academy. The position of Commandant has traditionally been filled by an active duty Air Force brigadier general, although occasionally, the office holder has been a major general. Since reorganization from October 1994 through August 2006, the Commandant was "dual-hatted" as the commander of the 34th Training Wing. In August 2006, the 34th Wing was redesignated Commandant of Cadets, a named organization.
List of commandants of cadets
No.
Commandant of Cadets
Term
Class Year
Notes andReference
Portrait
Name
Took office
Left office
Term length
1
Major GeneralRobert M. Stillman19541958~4 yearsUSMA 1935
2
Major GeneralHenry R. Sullivan Jr.19581961~3 yearsUSMA 1939
3
Major GeneralWilliam Seawell19611963~4 yearsUSMA 1941
4
Major GeneralRobert William Strong Jr.19631965~2 yearsUSMA 1940
5
Brigadier GeneralLouis T. Seith19651967~2 yearsUSMA 1943
6
Brigadier GeneralRobin Olds19671971~4 yearsUSMA 1943
7
Brigadier GeneralWalter T. Galligan19711973~2 yearsUSMA 1945
8
Brigadier GeneralHoyt S. Vandenberg Jr.19731975~2 yearsUSMA 1951
9
Brigadier GeneralStanley C. Beck19751978~3 yearsUSMA 1954
10
Brigadier GeneralThomas C. Richards19781981~3 yearsVirginia Tech 1956
11
Brigadier GeneralRobert D. Beckel19811982~1 yearUSAFA 1959
12
Brigadier GeneralAnthony J. Burshnick19821984~2 yearsUSAFA 1960
13
Brigadier GeneralMarcus A. Anderson19841986~2 yearsUSAFA 1961
14
Brigadier GeneralSam W. Westbrook III19861989~3 yearsUSAFA 1963
15
Brigadier GeneralJoseph J. Redden19891992~3 yearsUSAFA 1964
16
Major GeneralRichard C. Bethurem19921993~1 yearUSAFA 1966
17
Brigadier GeneralPatrick K. Gamble19931994~1 year
Texas A&M 1967
18
Brigadier GeneralJohn D. Hopper Jr.19941996~2 yearsUSAFA 1969
19
Brigadier GeneralStephen R. Lorenz19961999~3 yearsUSAFA 1973
20
Brigadier GeneralMark A. Welsh III19992001~3 yearsUSAFA 1976
21
Brigadier GeneralS. Taco Gilbert III20012003~2 yearsUSAFA 1978
22
Brigadier GeneralJohnny A. Weida20022005~2 yearsUSAFA 1978
23
Brigadier GeneralSusan Y. Desjardins20052008~3 yearsUSAFA 1980
24
Brigadier GeneralSamuel D. Cox20082010~2 yearsUSAFA 1984
25
Brigadier GeneralRichard M. Clark20102012~2 yearsUSAFA 1986
26
Major GeneralGregory J. Lengyel2012July 2, 2014~2 yearsTexas A&M 1985
27
Brigadier GeneralStephen C. WilliamsJuly 2, 2014~May 15, 2017~2 years, 317 daysUSAFA 1989
28
Brigadier GeneralKristin E. GoodwinMay 15, 2017April 29, 20191 year, 349 daysUSAFA 1993
29
Major GeneralMichele C. EdmondsonMay 31, 2019May 27, 20211 year, 361 daysUniversity of Florida 1992
30
Brigadier GeneralPaul D. MogaMay 27, 2021June 21, 20233 years, 23 daysUSAFA 1995
31
Brigadier GeneralGavin P. MarksJune 21, 2023Incumbent364 daysUSAFA 1996
References
Notes
^ Major general; bomber and reconnaissance pilot; World War II veteran and prisoner of war; first commandant at the Academy; later commanded the Lackland Military Training Center (1958–1961); named to the Sports Illustrated magazine Silver Anniversary All-American football team (1959)
^ Major general; bomber pilot; World War II veteran; later served as deputy chief of staff, operations, Headquarters Allied Air Forces Central Europe, and commander of all U.S. Air Force personnel assigned to the NATO headquarters and its supporting units
^ Renowned fighter pilot; World War II, Korean and Vietnam War veteran; triple ace with 16 confirmed air-to-air kills
^ First USAFA graduate Commandant. His son, Colonel Robert D. Beckel, Jr. was a cadet during his tenure.
^ Lieutenant General, fighter pilot, later became commander of Air Force Operational Test & Evaluation Center (AFOTEC), Inspector General US Air Force
^ First African American Commandant
^ Retired Commander, Air Education and Training Command. Promoted to General Jul 2, 2008.
^ Retired Chief of Staff, USAF. Promoted to General Dec 13, 2010.
^ First female Commandant
^ B-1 bomber pilot. Promoted to Lt Gen Oct 21, 2016. Currently twenty-first superintendent of US Air Force Academy.
^ BMajor General; helicopter pilot
^ F-16C/D Pilot. Promoted to Major General Aug 3, 2018
^ B-2A, B-52 Pilot
^ First Commandant with a Space Warfare background
References
^ Haulman, Daniel L. (April 25, 2018). "Factsheet Commandant of Cadets (USAFA)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
^ "Major General Robert M. Stillman". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Major General Henry R. Sullivan". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Brigadier General William T. Seawell". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Major General Robert William Strong Jr". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "General Louis Theodore Seith". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Brigadier General Robin Olds". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Lieutenant General Walter T. Galligan". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Major General Hoyt S. Vandenberg, Jr". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Major General Stanley C. Beck". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "General Thomas C. Richards". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Biographies : COLONEL ROBERT D. BECKEL JR". 505ccw.acc.af.mil. Archived from the original on 2015-05-24. Retrieved 2015-05-24.
^ "Lieutenant General Robert D. Beckel". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Lieutenant General Anthony J. Burshnick". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Lieutenant General Marcus A. Anderson". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Major General Sam W. Westbrook III". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Lieutenant General Joseph J. Redden". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Lieutenant General Richard C. Bethurem". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "General Patrick K. Gamble". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Lieutenant General John D. Hopper". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "General Stephen R. Lorenz". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Lieutenant General Mark A. Welsh III". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Brigadier General S. Taco Gilbert III". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Major General Johnny A. Weida". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Brigadier General Susan Y. Desjardins". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Brigadier General Samuel D. Cox". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.
^ "Brig. Gen. Richard M. Clark". USAFA. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
^ "Brig. Gen. Gregory J. Lengyel". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
^ "New commandant of cadets heading to AFA". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
^ Bowden, Ray (2021-05-27). "Academy's new commandant reports for duty". U.S. Air Force Academy Public Affairs. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
^ https://www.usafa.edu/brig-gen-marks-takes-command-of-cadet-wing/
vteUnited States Air Force AcademyLocated in: Air Force Academy, ColoradoAcademics
FalconLaunch
FalconSAT
Robert F. McDermott
Prep School
Aircraft
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de Havilland UV-18B Twin Otter
Athletics
Baseball
Basketball
Men
Women
Boxing
Football
Commander-in-Chief's Trophy
Ice hockey
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Rugby
Soccer
Men
Team Handball
Campus
Cadet Area
Cadet Gymnasium
Carlton House
Cemetery
Chapel
Eisenhower Golf course
Erdle Field
Falcon Stadium
Field House
(Ice Arena
Clune Arena)
Jacks Valley
Soccer Stadium
History
Academy history
Air Training Officers
Lowry Air Force Base
Military training
Freefall Parachuting
SERE
People
Alumni
Air Officer Commanding
Commandants
Superintendents
Superintendent Richard M. Clark
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Traditions
The Bird
Contrails
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Honor Code
Ranks and insignia
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KAFA
Prop and Wings
Units
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10 ABW
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Groups
306 FTG
Squadrons
1 FTS
70 FTS
94 FTS
98 FTS
557 FTS
Founded: 1954
Students: Approximately 4,000
Endowment: 47 million
|
[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Commandant of Cadets of the United States Air Force Academy"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"List of commandants of cadets"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Haulman, Daniel L. (April 25, 2018). \"Factsheet Commandant of Cadets (USAFA)\". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved February 20, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.afhra.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/1504345/commandant-of-cadets-usafa/","url_text":"\"Factsheet Commandant of Cadets (USAFA)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Major General Robert M. Stillman\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212220806/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7269","url_text":"\"Major General Robert M. Stillman\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7269","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Major General Henry R. Sullivan\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212210334/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7302","url_text":"\"Major General Henry R. Sullivan\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7302","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Brigadier General William T. Seawell\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212214529/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7100","url_text":"\"Brigadier General William T. Seawell\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7100","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Major General Robert William Strong Jr\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212210334/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7302","url_text":"\"Major General Robert William Strong Jr\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7302","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"General Louis Theodore Seith\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212211547/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7105","url_text":"\"General Louis Theodore Seith\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7105","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Brigadier General Robin Olds\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212040017/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6651","url_text":"\"Brigadier General Robin Olds\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6651","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Lieutenant General Walter T. Galligan\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212021536/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5483","url_text":"\"Lieutenant General Walter T. Galligan\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5483","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Major General Hoyt S. Vandenberg, Jr\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20120717034157/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7456","url_text":"\"Major General Hoyt S. Vandenberg, Jr\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7456","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Major General Stanley C. Beck\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212035437/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=4636","url_text":"\"Major General Stanley C. Beck\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=4636","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"General Thomas C. Richards\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212202257/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6899","url_text":"\"General Thomas C. Richards\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6899","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Biographies : COLONEL ROBERT D. BECKEL JR\". 505ccw.acc.af.mil. Archived from the original on 2015-05-24. Retrieved 2015-05-24.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150524115025/http://www.505ccw.acc.af.mil/library/biographies/bio.asp?id=13595","url_text":"\"Biographies : COLONEL ROBERT D. BECKEL JR\""},{"url":"http://www.505ccw.acc.af.mil/library/biographies/bio.asp?id=13595","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Lieutenant General Robert D. Beckel\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212204048/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=4637","url_text":"\"Lieutenant General Robert D. Beckel\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=4637","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Lieutenant General Anthony J. Burshnick\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212025051/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=4872","url_text":"\"Lieutenant General Anthony J. Burshnick\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=4872","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Lieutenant General Marcus A. Anderson\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212202721/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=4528","url_text":"\"Lieutenant General Marcus A. Anderson\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=4528","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Major General Sam W. Westbrook III\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212212027/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7558","url_text":"\"Major General Sam W. Westbrook III\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7558","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Lieutenant General Joseph J. Redden\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212022108/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6860","url_text":"\"Lieutenant General Joseph J. Redden\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6860","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Lieutenant General Richard C. Bethurem\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212222835/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=4680","url_text":"\"Lieutenant General Richard C. Bethurem\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=4680","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"General Patrick K. Gamble\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212015047/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5485","url_text":"\"General Patrick K. Gamble\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5485","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Lieutenant General John D. Hopper\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212030623/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5855","url_text":"\"Lieutenant General John D. Hopper\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5855","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"General Stephen R. Lorenz\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212203014/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6234","url_text":"\"General Stephen R. Lorenz\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6234","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Lieutenant General Mark A. Welsh III\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20120717163718/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7550","url_text":"\"Lieutenant General Mark A. Welsh III\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7550","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Brigadier General S. Taco Gilbert III\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212202754/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5532","url_text":"\"Brigadier General S. Taco Gilbert III\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5532","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Major General Johnny A. Weida\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212020202/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7721","url_text":"\"Major General Johnny A. Weida\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7721","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Brigadier General Susan Y. Desjardins\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212224145/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=8061","url_text":"\"Brigadier General Susan Y. Desjardins\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=8061","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Brigadier General Samuel D. Cox\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2009-05-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212031449/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=11786","url_text":"\"Brigadier General Samuel D. Cox\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=11786","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Brig. Gen. Richard M. Clark\". USAFA. Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2010-07-16.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20121212024618/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=13029","url_text":"\"Brig. Gen. Richard M. Clark\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=13029","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Brig. Gen. Gregory J. Lengyel\". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2012-04-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20120717150747/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=13949","url_text":"\"Brig. Gen. Gregory J. Lengyel\""},{"url":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=13949","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"New commandant of cadets heading to AFA\". Colorado Springs Gazette. Retrieved 2012-04-29.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.gazette.com/articles/academy-137688-force-new.html","url_text":"\"New commandant of cadets heading to AFA\""}]},{"reference":"Bowden, Ray (2021-05-27). \"Academy's new commandant reports for duty\". U.S. Air Force Academy Public Affairs. Retrieved 2021-05-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.usafa.af.mil/News/News-Display/Article/2636965/academys-new-commandant-reports-for-duty/","url_text":"\"Academy's new commandant reports for duty\""}]}]
|
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Taco Gilbert III\""},{"Link":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5532","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20121212020202/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7721","external_links_name":"\"Major General Johnny A. Weida\""},{"Link":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7721","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20121212224145/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=8061","external_links_name":"\"Brigadier General Susan Y. Desjardins\""},{"Link":"http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=8061","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20121212031449/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=11786","external_links_name":"\"Brigadier General Samuel D. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_wages
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Real wages
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["1 Example","2 Trends and wage stagnation","2.1 United States","2.2 Europe","3 See also","4 References"]
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Wages adjusted for inflation or in terms of the amount of goods and services that can be bought
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Wages annualized rate (before taxes) Nominal wages Adjusted for inflation wages
Wages Month to Month rate (before taxes) Nominal wages Adjusted for inflation wages
US net productivity compared to real wages.Real wages are wages adjusted for inflation, or, equivalently, wages in terms of the amount of goods and services that can be bought. This term is used in contrast to nominal wages or unadjusted wages.
Because it has been adjusted to account for changes in the prices of goods and services, real wages provide a clearer representation of an individual's wages in terms of what they can afford to buy with those wages – specifically, in terms of the amount of goods and services that can be bought. However, real wages suffer the disadvantage of not being well defined, since the amount of inflation (which can be calculated based on different combinations of goods and services) is itself not well defined. Hence real wage defined as the total amount of goods and services that can be bought with a wage, is also not defined. This is because of changes in the relative prices.
Despite difficulty in defining one value for the real wage, in some cases a real wage can be said to have unequivocally increased. This is true if: After the change, the worker can now afford any bundle of goods and services that they could just barely afford before the change, and still have money left over. In such a situation, real wage increases no matter how inflation is calculated. Specifically, inflation could be calculated based on any good or service or combination thereof, and real wage has still increased. This of course leaves many scenarios where real wage increasing, decreasing or staying the same depends upon how inflation is calculated. These are the scenarios where the worker can buy some of the bundles that they could just barely afford before and still have money left, but at the same time they simply cannot afford some of the bundles that they could before. This happens because some prices change more than others, which means relative prices have changed.
The use of adjusted figures is used in undertaking some forms of economic analysis. For example, to report on the relative economic successes of two nations, real wage figures are more useful than nominal figures. The importance of considering real wages also appears when looking at the history of a single country. If only nominal wages are considered, the conclusion has to be that people used to be significantly poorer than today. However, the cost of living was also much lower. To have an accurate view of a nation's wealth in any given year, inflation has to be taken into account and real wages must be used as one measuring stick. There are further limitations in the traditional measures of wages, such as failure to incorporate additional employment benefits, or not adjusting for a changing composition of the overall workforce.
An alternative is to look at how much time it took to earn enough money to buy various items in the past, which is one version of the definition of real wages as the amount of goods or services that can be bought. Such an analysis shows that for most items, it takes much less work time to earn them now than it did decades ago, at least in the United States.
Example
Higher wage growth in workers' paychecks, if accompanied by higher inflation, can result in lower purchasing power for workers than during a period with lower nominal wage growth combined with lower inflation. Data: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=mwFz
Consider an example economy with the following wages over three years. Also assume that the inflation in this economy is 2% per year:
Year 1: $20,000
Year 2: $20,400
Year 3: $20,808
Real wage = W/i (W = wage, i = inflation, can also be subjugated as interest).
If the figures shown are real wages, then wages have increased by 2% after inflation has been taken into account. In effect, an individual making this wage actually has more ability to buy goods and services than the previous year. However, if the figures shown are nominal wages then real wages are not increasing at all. In absolute dollar amounts, an individual is bringing home more money each year, but the increases in inflation actually zeroes out the increases in their salary. Given that inflation is increasing at the same pace as wages, an individual cannot actually afford to increase their consumption in such a scenario.
The nominal wage increases a worker sees in his paycheck may give a misleading impression of whether he is "getting ahead" or "falling behind" over time. For example, the average worker’s paycheck increased 2.7% in 2005, while it increased 2.1% in 2015, creating an impression for some workers that they were "falling behind". However, inflation was 3.4% in 2005, while it was only 0.1% in 2015, so workers were actually "getting ahead" with lower nominal paycheck increases in 2015 compared to 2005.
Trends and wage stagnation
See also: Decoupling of wages from productivitySee also: Wage growth
Historically, the trends of real wages are typically divided into two phases. The first phase, known as the Malthusian phase of history, consists of the period of time before the mass modern economic growth that began around 1800. During this phase, real wages grew very slowly, if at all, since increases in productivity would typically result in equivalent population growth that offset this increased production and left the income per person relatively constant in the long run. The second phase, known as the Solow phase, occurred after 1800 and corresponded with the massive technological and societal improvements brought about by the industrial revolution. In this phase, population growth has been more restrained, and as such real wages have risen much more dramatically with rapid increases in technology and productivity over time.
Following the recession of 2008 real wages globally have stagnated with a world average real wage growth rate of 2% in 2013. Africa, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Latin America have all experienced real wage growth of under 0.9% in 2013, whilst the developed countries of the OECD have experienced real wage growth of 0.2% in the same period. (Conversely, Asia has consistently experienced strong real wage growth of over 6% from 2006 to 2013.) The International Labour Organisation has stated that wage stagnation has resulted in "a declining share of GDP going to labour while an increasing share goes to capital, especially in developed economies."
United States
The Economic Policy Institute stated wages have failed to keep up with productivity in the United States since the mid 1970s, and that wages have therefore stagnated. According to them, between 1973 and 2013, productivity grew 74.4% and hourly compensation grew 9.2%, contradicting the neoclassical economic theory that those two should rise equally together. However, the Heritage Foundation says these claims rest on misinterpreted economic statistics. According to them, productivity grew 100% between 1973 and 2012 while employee compensation, which accounts for worker benefits as well as wages, grew 77%. The Economic Policy Institute and the Heritage Foundation used different inflation adjusting methods in their studies.
A heat map of the United States by living wage for a single, childless individual according to the MIT living wage calculator as of 2023 $15-15.99 $16.00-16.99 $17.00-17.99 $18.00-18.99 $19.00-19.99 $20+
Besides rising benefit costs, proposed causes of wage stagnation include the decline of labor unions, loss of job mobility (including through non-competes), and declining employment by the manufacturing sector.
Between June 2016 and June 2017, wages in the United States grew by 2.5%. Factor in inflation, and that level is close to 1% growth for the period.
Europe
The countries of Belgium, France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom have experienced strong real wage growth following European integration in the early 1980s. However, according to OECD between 2007 and 2015 the United Kingdom saw a real wage decline of 10.4%, equal only to Greece.
A 2014 study argued that wages now respond more strongly to changes in unemployment rates. It documented how the UK's 1979 - 2010 real wage growth across deciles has stagnated since 2003. Its models found that pre-2003, a doubling of the unemployment rate saw median wages fall 7%, but now the same doubling sees a fall of 12%.
A 2018 paper contended that a major source of wage stagnation is underemployment. It studied the OECD with a focus on the UK, finding that unemployment rates often returned to 2007's pre-great recession levels. However, 2017 underemployment rates in many countries were still worse than 2007. So it argues that the low unemployment rates hide continued "labour market slack": its models found underemployment was negatively related to wages both in the UK and other countries.
See also
Real versus nominal value (economics)
References
^ The Council of Economic Advisers (September 2018). "How Much Are Workers Getting Paid? A Primer on Wage Measurement" (PDF). whitehouse.gov – via National Archives.
^ "Time Well Spent: The Declining Real Cost of Living in America" by W. Michael Cox and Richard Alm, pp. 2–24 of the 1997 Annual Report of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
^ "Average Hourly Earnings of Production and Nonsupervisory Employees: Total Private". January 1964.
^ "Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items". January 1947.
^ Allen, Robert C. (2008). "Real Wage Rates (Historical Trends)". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. pp. 1–7. doi:10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2168-1. ISBN 978-1-349-95121-5.
^ a b "Global wage growth stagnates, lags behind pre-crisis rates". International Labour Organisation. 5 December 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
^ "Comparing how wages have changed in different regions of the world". 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2016-07-10.
^ "Wage Stagnation in Nine Charts".
^ "Greg Mankiw's Blog: How are wages and productivity related?".
^ "Productivity and Compensation: Growing Together".
^ "Living Wage Calculator". livingwage.mit.edu. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
^ "For most Americans, real wages have barely budged for decades". Pew Research Center. 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
^ Rushe, Dominic (2017-07-07). "US jobs report shows sharp recovery in June but wage growth remains slow". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
^ Allen, Katie; Elliott, Larry (2016-07-26). "UK joins Greece at bottom of wage growth league". The Guardian.
^ "OECD Employment Outlook 2016 | READ online".
^ Gregg, Paul; Machin, Stephen; Fernández‐Salgado, Mariña (1 May 2014). "Real Wages and Unemployment in the Big Squeeze". The Economic Journal. 124 (576): 408–432.
^ Bell, David; Blanchflower, David (August 2018). "The Lack of Wage Growth and the Falling NAIRU". National Institute Economic Review. 245 (1): 40–55.
^ Whilst an unemployed worker wants to work but has no job, an underemployed worker does have a job, but wants to work more. Ways to measure this include part-time workers who want to be full time, or the number extra hours workers wish to work.
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[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wages_in_the_United_States.webp"},{"link_name":"annualized","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annualized_return"},{"link_name":"Nominal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominalism"},{"link_name":"Adjusted for inflation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjusted-for-inflation"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wages_month_to_month.webp"},{"link_name":"Nominal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominalism"},{"link_name":"Adjusted for inflation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjusted-for-inflation"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wage_productivity.jpg"},{"link_name":"inflation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation"},{"link_name":"nominal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_versus_nominal_value_(economics)"},{"link_name":"relative prices","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_prices"},{"link_name":"cost of living","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_living"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Wages annualized rate (before taxes) Nominal wages Adjusted for inflation wagesWages Month to Month rate (before taxes) Nominal wages Adjusted for inflation wagesUS net productivity compared to real wages.Real wages are wages adjusted for inflation, or, equivalently, wages in terms of the amount of goods and services that can be bought. This term is used in contrast to nominal wages or unadjusted wages.Because it has been adjusted to account for changes in the prices of goods and services, real wages provide a clearer representation of an individual's wages in terms of what they can afford to buy with those wages – specifically, in terms of the amount of goods and services that can be bought. However, real wages suffer the disadvantage of not being well defined, since the amount of inflation (which can be calculated based on different combinations of goods and services) is itself not well defined. Hence real wage defined as the total amount of goods and services that can be bought with a wage, is also not defined. This is because of changes in the relative prices.Despite difficulty in defining one value for the real wage, in some cases a real wage can be said to have unequivocally increased. This is true if: After the change, the worker can now afford any bundle of goods and services that they could just barely afford before the change, and still have money left over. In such a situation, real wage increases no matter how inflation is calculated. Specifically, inflation could be calculated based on any good or service or combination thereof, and real wage has still increased. This of course leaves many scenarios where real wage increasing, decreasing or staying the same depends upon how inflation is calculated. These are the scenarios where the worker can buy some of the bundles that they could just barely afford before and still have money left, but at the same time they simply cannot afford some of the bundles that they could before. This happens because some prices change more than others, which means relative prices have changed.The use of adjusted figures is used in undertaking some forms of economic analysis. For example, to report on the relative economic successes of two nations, real wage figures are more useful than nominal figures. The importance of considering real wages also appears when looking at the history of a single country. If only nominal wages are considered, the conclusion has to be that people used to be significantly poorer than today. However, the cost of living was also much lower. To have an accurate view of a nation's wealth in any given year, inflation has to be taken into account and real wages must be used as one measuring stick. There are further limitations in the traditional measures of wages, such as failure to incorporate additional employment benefits, or not adjusting for a changing composition of the overall workforce.[1]An alternative is to look at how much time it took to earn enough money to buy various items in the past, which is one version of the definition of real wages as the amount of goods or services that can be bought. Such an analysis shows that for most items, it takes much less work time to earn them now than it did decades ago, at least in the United States.[2]","title":"Real wages"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illustration_of_How_Workers_Can_Get_Ahead_.png"},{"link_name":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=mwFz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=mwFz"},{"link_name":"interest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interest"},{"link_name":"consumption","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumption_(economics)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Higher wage growth in workers' paychecks, if accompanied by higher inflation, can result in lower purchasing power for workers than during a period with lower nominal wage growth combined with lower inflation. Data: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=mwFzConsider an example economy with the following wages over three years. Also assume that the inflation in this economy is 2% per year:Year 1: $20,000\nYear 2: $20,400\nYear 3: $20,808Real wage = W/i (W = wage, i = inflation, can also be subjugated as interest).If the figures shown are real wages, then wages have increased by 2% after inflation has been taken into account. In effect, an individual making this wage actually has more ability to buy goods and services than the previous year. However, if the figures shown are nominal wages then real wages are not increasing at all. In absolute dollar amounts, an individual is bringing home more money each year, but the increases in inflation actually zeroes out the increases in their salary. Given that inflation is increasing at the same pace as wages, an individual cannot actually afford to increase their consumption in such a scenario.The nominal wage increases a worker sees in his paycheck may give a misleading impression of whether he is \"getting ahead\" or \"falling behind\" over time. For example, the average worker’s paycheck increased 2.7% in 2005, while it increased 2.1% in 2015, creating an impression for some workers that they were \"falling behind\".[3] However, inflation was 3.4% in 2005, while it was only 0.1% in 2015, so workers were actually \"getting ahead\" with lower nominal paycheck increases in 2015 compared to 2005.[4]","title":"Example"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Decoupling of wages from productivity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoupling_of_wages_from_productivity"},{"link_name":"Wage growth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wage_growth"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"recession of 2008","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recession_of_2008"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-6"},{"link_name":"real wage growth rate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wage_growth"},{"link_name":"Latin America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America"},{"link_name":"OECD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"International Labour Organisation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Labour_Organization"},{"link_name":"GDP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product"},{"link_name":"labour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workforce"},{"link_name":"capital","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(economics)"},{"link_name":"developed economies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developed_country"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-6"}],"text":"See also: Decoupling of wages from productivitySee also: Wage growthHistorically, the trends of real wages are typically divided into two phases. The first phase, known as the Malthusian phase of history, consists of the period of time before the mass modern economic growth that began around 1800. During this phase, real wages grew very slowly, if at all, since increases in productivity would typically result in equivalent population growth that offset this increased production and left the income per person relatively constant in the long run. The second phase, known as the Solow phase, occurred after 1800 and corresponded with the massive technological and societal improvements brought about by the industrial revolution. In this phase, population growth has been more restrained, and as such real wages have risen much more dramatically with rapid increases in technology and productivity over time.[5]Following the recession of 2008 real wages globally have stagnated[6] with a world average real wage growth rate of 2% in 2013. Africa, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Latin America have all experienced real wage growth of under 0.9% in 2013, whilst the developed countries of the OECD have experienced real wage growth of 0.2% in the same period. (Conversely, Asia has consistently experienced strong real wage growth of over 6% from 2006 to 2013.)[7] The International Labour Organisation has stated that wage stagnation has resulted in \"a declining share of GDP going to labour while an increasing share goes to capital, especially in developed economies.\"[6]","title":"Trends and wage stagnation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Economic Policy Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Policy_Institute"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Living_wage_by_state.png"},{"link_name":"heat map","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_map"},{"link_name":"MIT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"sub_title":"United States","text":"The Economic Policy Institute stated wages have failed to keep up with productivity in the United States since the mid 1970s, and that wages have therefore stagnated. According to them, between 1973 and 2013, productivity grew 74.4% and hourly compensation grew 9.2%,[8] contradicting the neoclassical economic theory that those two should rise equally together.[9] However, the Heritage Foundation says these claims rest on misinterpreted economic statistics. According to them, productivity grew 100% between 1973 and 2012 while employee compensation, which accounts for worker benefits as well as wages, grew 77%.[10] The Economic Policy Institute and the Heritage Foundation used different inflation adjusting methods in their studies.A heat map of the United States by living wage for a single, childless individual according to the MIT living wage calculator as of 2023[11] $15-15.99 $16.00-16.99 $17.00-17.99 $18.00-18.99 $19.00-19.99 $20+Besides rising benefit costs, proposed causes of wage stagnation include the decline of labor unions, loss of job mobility (including through non-competes), and declining employment by the manufacturing sector.[12]Between June 2016 and June 2017, wages in the United States grew by 2.5%. Factor in inflation, and that level is close to 1% growth for the period.[13]","title":"Trends and wage stagnation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy"},{"link_name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"European integration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_integration"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle-class_squeeze"},{"link_name":"Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"underemployment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underemployment"},{"link_name":"[a]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Explanation-17"},{"link_name":"great recession","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Recession"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"sub_title":"Europe","text":"The countries of Belgium, France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom have experienced strong real wage growth following European integration in the early 1980s.[6] However, according to OECD between 2007 and 2015 the United Kingdom saw a real wage decline of 10.4%, equal only to Greece.[14][15]A 2014 study argued that wages now respond more strongly to changes in unemployment rates. It documented how the UK's 1979 - 2010 real wage growth across deciles has stagnated since 2003. Its models found that pre-2003, a doubling of the unemployment rate saw median wages fall 7%, but now the same doubling sees a fall of 12%.[16]A 2018 paper contended that a major source of wage stagnation is underemployment.[a] It studied the OECD with a focus on the UK, finding that unemployment rates often returned to 2007's pre-great recession levels. However, 2017 underemployment rates in many countries were still worse than 2007. So it argues that the low unemployment rates hide continued \"labour market slack\": its models found underemployment was negatively related to wages both in the UK and other countries.[17]","title":"Trends and wage stagnation"}]
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[{"title":"Real versus nominal value (economics)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_versus_nominal_value_(economics)"}]
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[{"reference":"The Council of Economic Advisers (September 2018). \"How Much Are Workers Getting Paid? A Primer on Wage Measurement\" (PDF). whitehouse.gov – via National Archives.","urls":[{"url":"https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/How-Much-Are-Workers-Getting-Paid-A-Primer-on-Wage-Measurement-Sept-2018.pdf","url_text":"\"How Much Are Workers Getting Paid? A Primer on Wage Measurement\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehouse.gov","url_text":"whitehouse.gov"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NARA","url_text":"National Archives"}]},{"reference":"\"Average Hourly Earnings of Production and Nonsupervisory Employees: Total Private\". January 1964.","urls":[{"url":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=mwsz","url_text":"\"Average Hourly Earnings of Production and Nonsupervisory Employees: Total Private\""}]},{"reference":"\"Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items\". January 1947.","urls":[{"url":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=mwsD","url_text":"\"Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items\""}]},{"reference":"Allen, Robert C. (2008). \"Real Wage Rates (Historical Trends)\". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. pp. 1–7. doi:10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2168-1. ISBN 978-1-349-95121-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1057%2F978-1-349-95121-5_2168-1","url_text":"10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2168-1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-95121-5","url_text":"978-1-349-95121-5"}]},{"reference":"\"Global wage growth stagnates, lags behind pre-crisis rates\". International Labour Organisation. 5 December 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_324645/lang--en/index.htm","url_text":"\"Global wage growth stagnates, lags behind pre-crisis rates\""}]},{"reference":"\"Comparing how wages have changed in different regions of the world\". 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2016-07-10.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/global-wage-report/2014/Charts/WCMS_322715/lang--en/index.htm","url_text":"\"Comparing how wages have changed in different regions of the world\""}]},{"reference":"\"Wage Stagnation in Nine Charts\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.epi.org/publication/charting-wage-stagnation/","url_text":"\"Wage Stagnation in Nine Charts\""}]},{"reference":"\"Greg Mankiw's Blog: How are wages and productivity related?\".","urls":[{"url":"https://gregmankiw.blogspot.com/2006/08/how-are-wages-and-productivity-related.html","url_text":"\"Greg Mankiw's Blog: How are wages and productivity related?\""}]},{"reference":"\"Productivity and Compensation: Growing Together\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.heritage.org/jobs-and-labor/report/productivity-and-compensation-growing-together","url_text":"\"Productivity and Compensation: Growing Together\""}]},{"reference":"\"Living Wage Calculator\". livingwage.mit.edu. Retrieved 2023-10-02.","urls":[{"url":"https://livingwage.mit.edu/","url_text":"\"Living Wage Calculator\""}]},{"reference":"\"For most Americans, real wages have barely budged for decades\". Pew Research Center. 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/08/07/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades/","url_text":"\"For most Americans, real wages have barely budged for decades\""}]},{"reference":"Rushe, Dominic (2017-07-07). \"US jobs report shows sharp recovery in June but wage growth remains slow\". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-07-10.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/jul/07/us-jobs-report-economy-unemployment-rate-news","url_text":"\"US jobs report shows sharp recovery in June but wage growth remains slow\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian","url_text":"The Guardian"}]},{"reference":"Allen, Katie; Elliott, Larry (2016-07-26). \"UK joins Greece at bottom of wage growth league\". The Guardian.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/money/2016/jul/27/uk-joins-greece-at-bottom-of-wage-growth-league-tuc-oecd","url_text":"\"UK joins Greece at bottom of wage growth league\""}]},{"reference":"\"OECD Employment Outlook 2016 | READ online\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/employment/oecd-employment-outlook-2016_empl_outlook-2016-en#.WQd9fNryuUk","url_text":"\"OECD Employment Outlook 2016 | READ online\""}]},{"reference":"Gregg, Paul; Machin, Stephen; Fernández‐Salgado, Mariña (1 May 2014). \"Real Wages and Unemployment in the Big Squeeze\". The Economic Journal. 124 (576): 408–432.","urls":[{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/ej/article-abstract/124/576/408/5077332","url_text":"\"Real Wages and Unemployment in the Big Squeeze\""}]},{"reference":"Bell, David; Blanchflower, David (August 2018). \"The Lack of Wage Growth and the Falling NAIRU\". National Institute Economic Review. 245 (1): 40–55.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/national-institute-economic-review/article/abs/lack-of-wage-growth-and-the-falling-nairu/ADCBEF9A8BDCA8E0BD6F8A7F7AD2AC40","url_text":"\"The Lack of Wage Growth and the Falling NAIRU\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Real+wages%22","external_links_name":"\"Real wages\""},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Real+wages%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1","external_links_name":"news"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Real+wages%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks","external_links_name":"newspapers"},{"Link":"https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Real+wages%22+-wikipedia","external_links_name":"books"},{"Link":"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Real+wages%22","external_links_name":"scholar"},{"Link":"https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Real+wages%22&acc=on&wc=on","external_links_name":"JSTOR"},{"Link":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=mwFz","external_links_name":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=mwFz"},{"Link":"https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/How-Much-Are-Workers-Getting-Paid-A-Primer-on-Wage-Measurement-Sept-2018.pdf","external_links_name":"\"How Much Are Workers Getting Paid? A Primer on Wage Measurement\""},{"Link":"http://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:fip:feddar:y:1997:p:2-24","external_links_name":"\"Time Well Spent: The Declining Real Cost of Living in America\""},{"Link":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=mwsz","external_links_name":"\"Average Hourly Earnings of Production and Nonsupervisory Employees: Total Private\""},{"Link":"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=mwsD","external_links_name":"\"Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1057%2F978-1-349-95121-5_2168-1","external_links_name":"10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2168-1"},{"Link":"http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_324645/lang--en/index.htm","external_links_name":"\"Global wage growth stagnates, lags behind pre-crisis rates\""},{"Link":"http://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/global-wage-report/2014/Charts/WCMS_322715/lang--en/index.htm","external_links_name":"\"Comparing how wages have changed in different regions of the world\""},{"Link":"https://www.epi.org/publication/charting-wage-stagnation/","external_links_name":"\"Wage Stagnation in Nine Charts\""},{"Link":"https://gregmankiw.blogspot.com/2006/08/how-are-wages-and-productivity-related.html","external_links_name":"\"Greg Mankiw's Blog: How are wages and productivity related?\""},{"Link":"https://www.heritage.org/jobs-and-labor/report/productivity-and-compensation-growing-together","external_links_name":"\"Productivity and Compensation: Growing Together\""},{"Link":"https://livingwage.mit.edu/","external_links_name":"\"Living Wage Calculator\""},{"Link":"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/08/07/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades/","external_links_name":"\"For most Americans, real wages have barely budged for decades\""},{"Link":"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/jul/07/us-jobs-report-economy-unemployment-rate-news","external_links_name":"\"US jobs report shows sharp recovery in June but wage growth remains slow\""},{"Link":"https://www.theguardian.com/money/2016/jul/27/uk-joins-greece-at-bottom-of-wage-growth-league-tuc-oecd","external_links_name":"\"UK joins Greece at bottom of wage growth league\""},{"Link":"http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/employment/oecd-employment-outlook-2016_empl_outlook-2016-en#.WQd9fNryuUk","external_links_name":"\"OECD Employment Outlook 2016 | READ online\""},{"Link":"https://academic.oup.com/ej/article-abstract/124/576/408/5077332","external_links_name":"\"Real Wages and Unemployment in the Big Squeeze\""},{"Link":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/national-institute-economic-review/article/abs/lack-of-wage-growth-and-the-falling-nairu/ADCBEF9A8BDCA8E0BD6F8A7F7AD2AC40","external_links_name":"\"The Lack of Wage Growth and the Falling NAIRU\""}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol_(gene)
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Polymerase
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["1 Types","1.1 By function","1.2 By structure","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
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Class of enzymes which synthesize nucleic acid chains or polymers
Structure of Taq DNA polymerase
In biochemistry, a polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template strand using base-pairing interactions or RNA by half ladder replication.
A DNA polymerase from the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) (PDB 1BGX, EC 2.7.7.7) is used in the polymerase chain reaction, an important technique of molecular biology.
A polymerase may be template-dependent or template-independent. Poly-A-polymerase is an example of template independent polymerase. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase also known to have template independent and template dependent activities.
Types
By function
Classes of Template dependent polymerase
DNA-polymerase
RNA-polymerase
Template is DNA
DNA dependent DNA-polymerase or common DNA polymerases
DNA dependent RNA-polymerase or common RNA polymerases
Template is RNA
RNA dependent DNA polymerase or Reverse transcriptase
RNA dependent RNA polymerase or RdRp or RNA-replicase
DNA polymerase (DNA-directed DNA polymerase, DdDP)
Family A: DNA polymerase I; Pol γ, θ, ν
Family B: DNA polymerase II; Pol α, δ, ε, ζ
Family C: DNA polymerase III holoenzyme
Family X: Pol β, λ, μ
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT), which lends diversity to antibody heavy chains.
Family Y: DNA polymerase IV (DinB) and DNA polymerase V (UmuD'2C) - SOS repair polymerases; Pol η, ι, κ
Reverse transcriptase (RT; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; RdDP)
Telomerase
DNA-directed RNA polymerase (DdRP, RNAP)
Multi-subunit (msDdRP): RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, RNA polymerase III
Single-subunit (ssDdRP): T7 RNA polymerase, POLRMT
Primase, PrimPol
RNA replicase (RNA-directed RNA polymerase, RdRP)
Viral (single-subunit)
Eukaryotic cellular (cRdRP; dual-subunit)
Template-less RNA elongation
Polyadenylation: PAP, PNPase
By structure
Polymerases are generally split into two superfamilies, the "right hand" fold (InterPro: IPR043502) and the "double psi beta barrel" (often simply "double-barrel") fold. The former is seen in almost all DNA polymerases and almost all viral single-subunit polymerases; they are marked by a conserved "palm" domain. The latter is seen in all multi-subunit RNA polymerases, in cRdRP, and in "family D" DNA polymerases found in archaea. The "X" family represented by DNA polymerase beta has only a vague "palm" shape, and is sometimes considered a different superfamily (InterPro: IPR043519).
Primases generally don't fall into either category. Bacterial primases usually have the Toprim domain, and are related to topoisomerases and mitochondrial helicase twinkle. Archae and eukaryotic primases form an unrelated AEP family, possibly related to the polymerase palm. Both families nevertheless associate to the same set of helicases.
Right hand structure of Bacteriophage RB69, a family B DdRP.
See also
Central dogma of molecular biology
Exonuclease
Ligase
Nuclease
PCR
PARP
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
RNA ligase (ATP)
References
^ Loc'h J, Rosario S, Delarue M (September 2016). "Structural Basis for a New Templated Activity by Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase: Implications for V(D)J Recombination". Structure. 24 (9): 1452–63. doi:10.1016/j.str.2016.06.014. PMID 27499438.
^ Hansen JL, Long AM, Schultz SC (August 1997). "Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of poliovirus". Structure. 5 (8): 1109–22. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(97)00261-X. PMID 9309225.
^ Cramer P (February 2002). "Multisubunit RNA polymerases". Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 12 (1): 89–97. doi:10.1016/S0959-440X(02)00294-4. PMID 11839495.
^ Sauguet L (September 2019). "The Extended "Two-Barrel" Polymerases Superfamily: Structure, Function and Evolution". Journal of Molecular Biology. 431 (20): 4167–4183. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.017. PMID 31103775.
^ Salgado PS, Koivunen MR, Makeyev EV, Bamford DH, Stuart DI, Grimes JM (December 2006). "The structure of an RNAi polymerase links RNA silencing and transcription". PLoS Biology. 4 (12): e434. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040434. PMC 1750930. PMID 17147473.
^ Aravind L, Leipe DD, Koonin EV (September 1998). "Toprim--a conserved catalytic domain in type IA and II topoisomerases, DnaG-type primases, OLD family nucleases and RecR proteins". Nucleic Acids Research. 26 (18): 4205–13. doi:10.1093/nar/26.18.4205. PMC 147817. PMID 9722641.
^ Iyer LM, Koonin EV, Leipe DD, Aravind L (2005). "Origin and evolution of the archaeo-eukaryotic primase superfamily and related palm-domain proteins: structural insights and new members". Nucleic Acids Research. 33 (12): 3875–96. doi:10.1093/nar/gki702. PMC 1176014. PMID 16027112.
External links
vteDNA replication (comparing prokaryotic to eukaryotic)InitiationProkaryotic(initiation)
Pre-replication complex
dnaC
Helicase
dnaA
dnaB
T7
Primase
dnaG
Eukaryotic(preparation inG1 phase)
Pre-replication complex
Origin recognition complex
ORC1
ORC2
ORC3
ORC4
ORC5
ORC6
Cdc6
Cdt1
Minichromosome maintenance
MCM2
MCM3
MCM4
MCM5
MCM6
MCM7
Licensing factor
Autonomously replicating sequence
Single-strand binding protein
SSBP2
SSBP3
SSBP4
RNase H
RNASEH1
RNASEH2A
Helicase: HFM1
Primase: PRIM1
PRIM2
Both
Origin of replication/Ori/Replicon
Replication fork
Lagging and leading strands
Okazaki fragments
Primer
ReplicationProkaryotic(elongation)
DNA polymerase III holoenzyme
dnaC
dnaE
dnaH
dnaN
dnaQ
dnaT
dnaX
holA
holB
holC
holD
holE
Replisome
DNA ligase
DNA clamp
Topoisomerase
DNA gyrase
Prokaryotic DNA polymerase: DNA polymerase I
Klenow fragment
Eukaryotic(synthesis inS phase)
Replication factor C
RFC1
Flap endonuclease
FEN1
Topoisomerase
Replication protein A
RPA1
Eukaryotic DNA polymerase:
alpha
POLA1
POLA2
PRIM1
PRIM2
delta
POLD1
POLD2
POLD3
POLD4
epsilon
POLE
POLE2
POLE3
POLE4
DNA clamp
PCNA
Control of chromosome duplication
Both
Movement: Processivity
DNA ligase
Termination
Telomere: Telomerase
TERT
TERC
DKC1
vteTransferases: phosphorus-containing groups (EC 2.7)2.7.1-2.7.4:phosphotransferase/kinase(PO4)2.7.1: OH acceptor
Hexo-
Gluco-
Fructo-
Hepatic
Galacto-
Phosphofructo-
1
Liver
Muscle
Platelet
2
Riboflavin
Shikimate
Thymidine
ADP-thymidine
NAD+
Glycerol
Pantothenate
Mevalonate
Pyruvate
Deoxycytidine
PFP
Diacylglycerol
Phosphoinositide 3
Class I PI 3
Class II PI 3
Sphingosine
Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase
2.7.2: COOH acceptor
Phosphoglycerate
Aspartate kinase
2.7.3: N acceptor
Creatine
2.7.4: PO4 acceptor
Phosphomevalonate
Adenylate
Nucleoside-diphosphate
Uridylate
Guanylate
Thiamine-diphosphate
2.7.6: diphosphotransferase(P2O7)
Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase
Thiamine diphosphokinase
2.7.7: nucleotidyltransferase(PO4-nucleoside)PolymeraseDNA polymerase
DNA-directed DNA polymerase
I/A
γ
θ
ν
T7
Taq
II/B
α
δ
ε
ζ
Pfu
III/C
IV/X
β
λ
μ
TDT
V/Y
η
ι
κ
RNA-directed DNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
Telomerase
RNA polymerase
Template-directed
RNA polymerase I
II
III
IV
V
ssRNAP
POLRMT
Primase
1
2
PrimPol
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Polyadenylation
PAP
PNPase
Phosphorolytic3' to 5' exoribonuclease
RNase PH
PNPase
Nucleotidyltransferase
UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
Guanylyltransferase
mRNA capping enzyme
Other
Recombinase (Integrase)
Transposase
2.7.8: miscellaneousPhosphatidyltransferases
CDP-diacylglycerol—glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase
CDP-diacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase
CDP-diacylglycerol—inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase
CDP-diacylglycerol—choline O-phosphatidyltransferase
Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase
N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase
2.7.10-2.7.13: protein kinase(PO4; protein acceptor)2.7.10: protein-tyrosine
see tyrosine kinases
2.7.11: protein-serine/threonine
see serine/threonine-specific protein kinases
2.7.12: protein-dual-specificity
see serine/threonine-specific protein kinases
2.7.13: protein-histidine
Protein-histidine pros-kinase
Protein-histidine tele-kinase
Histidine kinase
vteEnzymesActivity
Active site
Binding site
Catalytic triad
Oxyanion hole
Enzyme promiscuity
Diffusion-limited enzyme
Cofactor
Enzyme catalysis
Regulation
Allosteric regulation
Cooperativity
Enzyme inhibitor
Enzyme activator
Classification
EC number
Enzyme superfamily
Enzyme family
List of enzymes
Kinetics
Enzyme kinetics
Eadie–Hofstee diagram
Hanes–Woolf plot
Lineweaver–Burk plot
Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types
EC1 Oxidoreductases (list)
EC2 Transferases (list)
EC3 Hydrolases (list)
EC4 Lyases (list)
EC5 Isomerases (list)
EC6 Ligases (list)
EC7 Translocases (list)
Portal: Biology
Authority control databases: National
Czech Republic
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Taq_polimerase.png"},{"link_name":"Taq DNA polymerase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taq_polymerase"},{"link_name":"biochemistry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry"},{"link_name":"enzyme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme"},{"link_name":"EC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number"},{"link_name":"polymers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer"},{"link_name":"nucleic acids","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid"},{"link_name":"DNA polymerase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase"},{"link_name":"RNA polymerase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerase"},{"link_name":"DNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA"},{"link_name":"RNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA"},{"link_name":"base-pairing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_pair"},{"link_name":"thermophilic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermophile"},{"link_name":"Thermus aquaticus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermus_aquaticus"},{"link_name":"PDB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank"},{"link_name":"1BGX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.rcsb.org/pdb/cgi/explore.cgi?pid=288631034363198&pdbId=1BGX"},{"link_name":"polymerase chain reaction","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction"},{"link_name":"molecular biology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology"},{"link_name":"Poly-A-polymerase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynucleotide_adenylyltransferase"},{"link_name":"Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_deoxynucleotidyl_transferase"}],"text":"Structure of Taq DNA polymeraseIn biochemistry, a polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template strand using base-pairing interactions or RNA by half ladder replication.A DNA polymerase from the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) (PDB 1BGX, EC 2.7.7.7) is used in the polymerase chain reaction, an important technique of molecular biology.A polymerase may be template-dependent or template-independent. Poly-A-polymerase is an example of template independent polymerase. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase also known to have template independent and template dependent activities.","title":"Polymerase"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Types"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"DNA polymerase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase"},{"link_name":"DNA polymerase I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_I"},{"link_name":"γ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POLG"},{"link_name":"θ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POLQ"},{"link_name":"ν","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_nu"},{"link_name":"DNA polymerase II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_II"},{"link_name":"α","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_alpha"},{"link_name":"δ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_delta"},{"link_name":"ε","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_epsilon"},{"link_name":"ζ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REV3L"},{"link_name":"DNA polymerase III holoenzyme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_III_holoenzyme"},{"link_name":"β","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_beta"},{"link_name":"λ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_lambda"},{"link_name":"μ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_mu"},{"link_name":"Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_deoxynucleotidyl_transferase"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"DNA polymerase IV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_IV"},{"link_name":"DNA polymerase V","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_V"},{"link_name":"SOS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOS_response"},{"link_name":"η","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_eta"},{"link_name":"ι","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POLI"},{"link_name":"κ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POLK"},{"link_name":"Reverse transcriptase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_transcriptase"},{"link_name":"Telomerase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase"},{"link_name":"RNA polymerase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerase"},{"link_name":"RNA polymerase I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerase_I"},{"link_name":"RNA polymerase II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerase_II"},{"link_name":"RNA polymerase III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerase_III"},{"link_name":"T7 RNA polymerase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T7_RNA_polymerase"},{"link_name":"POLRMT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POLRMT"},{"link_name":"Primase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primase"},{"link_name":"PrimPol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrimPol"},{"link_name":"RNA replicase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_replicase"},{"link_name":"Polyadenylation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyadenylation"},{"link_name":"PAP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynucleotide_adenylyltransferase"},{"link_name":"PNPase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynucleotide_phosphorylase"}],"sub_title":"By function","text":"DNA polymerase (DNA-directed DNA polymerase, DdDP)\nFamily A: DNA polymerase I; Pol γ, θ, ν\nFamily B: DNA polymerase II; Pol α, δ, ε, ζ\nFamily C: DNA polymerase III holoenzyme\nFamily X: Pol β, λ, μ\nTerminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT), which lends diversity to antibody heavy chains.[1]\nFamily Y: DNA polymerase IV (DinB) and DNA polymerase V (UmuD'2C) - SOS repair polymerases; Pol η, ι, κ\nReverse transcriptase (RT; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; RdDP)\nTelomerase\nDNA-directed RNA polymerase (DdRP, RNAP)\nMulti-subunit (msDdRP): RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II, RNA polymerase III\nSingle-subunit (ssDdRP): T7 RNA polymerase, POLRMT\nPrimase, PrimPol\nRNA replicase (RNA-directed RNA polymerase, RdRP)\nViral (single-subunit)\nEukaryotic cellular (cRdRP; dual-subunit)\nTemplate-less RNA elongation\nPolyadenylation: PAP, PNPase","title":"Types"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"InterPro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPro"},{"link_name":"IPR043502","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR043502"},{"link_name":"beta barrel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_barrel"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid9309225-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid11839495-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-qde1-mono-4"},{"link_name":"DNA polymerase beta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_beta"},{"link_name":"InterPro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPro"},{"link_name":"IPR043519","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR043519"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"topoisomerases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topoisomerase"},{"link_name":"twinkle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twinkle_(protein)"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WikiHandDNAPolII.png"}],"sub_title":"By structure","text":"Polymerases are generally split into two superfamilies, the \"right hand\" fold (InterPro: IPR043502) and the \"double psi beta barrel\" (often simply \"double-barrel\") fold. The former is seen in almost all DNA polymerases and almost all viral single-subunit polymerases; they are marked by a conserved \"palm\" domain.[2] The latter is seen in all multi-subunit RNA polymerases, in cRdRP, and in \"family D\" DNA polymerases found in archaea.[3][4] The \"X\" family represented by DNA polymerase beta has only a vague \"palm\" shape, and is sometimes considered a different superfamily (InterPro: IPR043519).[5]Primases generally don't fall into either category. Bacterial primases usually have the Toprim domain, and are related to topoisomerases and mitochondrial helicase twinkle.[6] Archae and eukaryotic primases form an unrelated AEP family, possibly related to the polymerase palm. Both families nevertheless associate to the same set of helicases.[7]Right hand structure of Bacteriophage RB69, a family B DdRP.","title":"Types"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Structure of Taq DNA polymerase","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Taq_polimerase.png/220px-Taq_polimerase.png"}]
|
[{"title":"Central dogma of molecular biology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_dogma_of_molecular_biology"},{"title":"Exonuclease","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exonuclease"},{"title":"Ligase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligase"},{"title":"Nuclease","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclease"},{"title":"PCR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction"},{"title":"PARP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly_(ADP-ribose)_polymerase"},{"title":"Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_transcription_polymerase_chain_reaction"},{"title":"RNA ligase (ATP)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_ligase_(ATP)"}]
|
[{"reference":"Loc'h J, Rosario S, Delarue M (September 2016). \"Structural Basis for a New Templated Activity by Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase: Implications for V(D)J Recombination\". Structure. 24 (9): 1452–63. doi:10.1016/j.str.2016.06.014. PMID 27499438.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.str.2016.06.014","url_text":"\"Structural Basis for a New Templated Activity by Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase: Implications for V(D)J Recombination\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.str.2016.06.014","url_text":"10.1016/j.str.2016.06.014"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27499438","url_text":"27499438"}]},{"reference":"Hansen JL, Long AM, Schultz SC (August 1997). \"Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of poliovirus\". Structure. 5 (8): 1109–22. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(97)00261-X. PMID 9309225.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0969-2126%2897%2900261-X","url_text":"\"Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of poliovirus\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0969-2126%2897%2900261-X","url_text":"10.1016/S0969-2126(97)00261-X"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9309225","url_text":"9309225"}]},{"reference":"Cramer P (February 2002). \"Multisubunit RNA polymerases\". Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 12 (1): 89–97. doi:10.1016/S0959-440X(02)00294-4. PMID 11839495.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0959-440X%2802%2900294-4","url_text":"10.1016/S0959-440X(02)00294-4"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11839495","url_text":"11839495"}]},{"reference":"Sauguet L (September 2019). \"The Extended \"Two-Barrel\" Polymerases Superfamily: Structure, Function and Evolution\". Journal of Molecular Biology. 431 (20): 4167–4183. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.017. PMID 31103775.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jmb.2019.05.017","url_text":"\"The Extended \"Two-Barrel\" Polymerases Superfamily: Structure, Function and Evolution\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jmb.2019.05.017","url_text":"10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.017"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31103775","url_text":"31103775"}]},{"reference":"Salgado PS, Koivunen MR, Makeyev EV, Bamford DH, Stuart DI, Grimes JM (December 2006). \"The structure of an RNAi polymerase links RNA silencing and transcription\". PLoS Biology. 4 (12): e434. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040434. PMC 1750930. PMID 17147473.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1750930","url_text":"\"The structure of an RNAi polymerase links RNA silencing and transcription\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0040434","url_text":"10.1371/journal.pbio.0040434"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1750930","url_text":"1750930"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17147473","url_text":"17147473"}]},{"reference":"Aravind L, Leipe DD, Koonin EV (September 1998). \"Toprim--a conserved catalytic domain in type IA and II topoisomerases, DnaG-type primases, OLD family nucleases and RecR proteins\". Nucleic Acids Research. 26 (18): 4205–13. doi:10.1093/nar/26.18.4205. PMC 147817. PMID 9722641.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC147817","url_text":"\"Toprim--a conserved catalytic domain in type IA and II topoisomerases, DnaG-type primases, OLD family nucleases and RecR proteins\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2F26.18.4205","url_text":"10.1093/nar/26.18.4205"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC147817","url_text":"147817"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9722641","url_text":"9722641"}]},{"reference":"Iyer LM, Koonin EV, Leipe DD, Aravind L (2005). \"Origin and evolution of the archaeo-eukaryotic primase superfamily and related palm-domain proteins: structural insights and new members\". Nucleic Acids Research. 33 (12): 3875–96. doi:10.1093/nar/gki702. PMC 1176014. PMID 16027112.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1176014","url_text":"\"Origin and evolution of the archaeo-eukaryotic primase superfamily and related palm-domain proteins: structural insights and new members\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgki702","url_text":"10.1093/nar/gki702"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1176014","url_text":"1176014"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16027112","url_text":"16027112"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisburn_(district)
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Lisburn City Council
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["1 Constituent cities, towns and villages","2 Summary of seats won 1973-2011","3 2011 Election results","4 Mayors of Lisburn","5 Review of Public Administration","6 Population","7 See also","8 References","9 External links"]
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Coordinates: 54°30′40″N 6°02′35″W / 54.511°N 6.043°W / 54.511; -6.043Former city council in Counties Antrim and Down
Human settlement in Northern IrelandLisburn City CouncilArea447 km2 (173 sq mi) Ranked 16th of 26District HQLisburnCatholic36.5%Protestant55.9%CountryNorthern IrelandSovereign stateUnited KingdomWebsitewww.lisburncity.gov.uk {Defunct}
List of places
UK
Northern Ireland
Lisburn City Council was the local authority for an area partly in County Antrim and partly in County Down in Northern Ireland. As of May 2015 it was merged with Castlereagh Borough Council as part of the reform of local government in Northern Ireland to become Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council.
Created in 1974, the council was the second largest in the Belfast Metropolitan Area. Council headquarters were in the city of Lisburn. It was the second-largest council area in Northern Ireland with over 120,000 people and an area of 174 square miles (450 km2) of southwest Antrim and northwest Down. The council area included Glenavy and Dundrod in the north, Dromara and Hillsborough in the south, Moira and Aghalee in the west, and Drumbo in the east.
The council area consisted of five electoral areas: Downshire, Dunmurry Cross, Killultagh, Lisburn Town North and Lisburn Town South. It had 30 councillors, last elected in 2011. The final composition was: 14 Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), 5 Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), 5 Sinn Féin, 3 Alliance Party and 3 Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP).
For elections to the Westminster Parliament, the council area was split between the Lagan Valley constituency, Belfast West and South Antrim constituencies.
The first elections for the new council took place in May 2014.
Constituent cities, towns and villages
Aghalee
Annahilt
Dunmurry
Drumbo
Dromara
Glenavy
Hillsborough
Lisburn
Maghaberry
Moira
Summary of seats won 1973-2011
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1993
1997
2001
2005
2011
Ulster Unionist Party (UUP)
14
9
8
13
15
16
13
13
7
5
Democratic Unionist Party (DUP)
4
6
10
8
5
3
2
5
13
14
Alliance (APNI)
3
3
2
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
Vanguard (VUPP)
1
Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP)
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
United Ulster Unionist Party (UUUP)
2
1
Sinn Féin (SF)
2
2
3
4
4
4
5
Independent Conservative (IndCon)
1
Northern Ireland Conservatives (Con)
1
1
Ulster Democratic Party (UDP)
1
2
1
Independent Unionist (IU)
1
2
1
Independent
1
Notes: The independent elected in 1997 was Hugh Lewsley, a former SDLP councillor. William Beattie was elected as a "Protestant Unionist" in 1997, but is tallied as an Independent Unionist above. New legislation introduced for the 2001 elections required candidates to register party names for these to appear on the ballot paper, this also made it impossible for candidates to stand as Independent Unionist. The UDP missed the deadline for registration and their candidate, party leader Gary McMichael, was elected as an independent. The other candidate elected as an independent in 2001, described himself as a Unionist on the council website.
Source: ARK Retrieved 13 January 2013
2011 Election results
2011 saw the continued advancement of the DUP and Sinn Féin within the council Area. In Downshire, the DUP picked up a seat from the UUP, and in Dunmurry Cross, Sinn Féin gained from the SDLP. However the SDLP loss was compensated by changing demographics in the Lisburn Town North DEA, where the SDLP took a seat for the first time. There were no changes in the Killutagh or Lisburn Town South DEAs. The election saw the DUP return all their candidates with the exception of Ben Mallon, a local student standing in Lisburn North.
Party
seats
change +/-
•
Democratic Unionist Party
14
+1
•
Ulster Unionist Party
5
-2
•
Sinn Féin
5
+1
•
Social Democratic and Labour Party
3
=
•
Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
3
=
•
Independent
0
=
Mayors of Lisburn
1964 – 70: James Howard (1st Mayor of the Borough of Lisburn)
1970 – 73: Hugh Gray Bass
1977 – 78?: Elsie Kelsey, Ulster Unionist Party
1978 – 79:george mc cartney.
1979 – 81: Alderman Dr Samuel Semple MBE, Ulster Unionist Party
1981 – 83: Billy Belshaw, Democratic Unionist Party
1983 – 85: Maureen McKinney, Ulster Unionist Party
1985 – 87: Walter Lilburn, Ulster Unionist Party
1987 – 88:
1988 – 89: Billy Bleakes, Ulster Unionist Party
1990 – 91: Willam McAllister, Ulster Unionist Party
1991 – 93: Ivan Davis, Ulster Unionist Party
1993 – 94: Seamus Close, Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
1994 – 96: Harry Lewis Ulster Unionist Party
1996 – 98?: George Morrison, Ulster Unionist Party
1998 – 00: Peter O'Hagan, Social Democratic and Labour Party
2000 – 02: Jim Dillon, Ulster Unionist Party
2002 – 03: Betty Campbell, Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
2003 – 04: Billy Bell, Ulster Unionist Party
2004 – 05: Cecil Calvert, Democratic Unionist Party
2005 – 06: Jonathan Craig, Democratic Unionist Party
2006 – 07: Trevor Lunn, Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
2007 – 08: James Tinsley, Democratic Unionist Party
2008 – 09: Ronnie Crawford, Ulster Unionist Party
2009 – 10: Allan Ewart, Democratic Unionist Party
2010 – 11: Paul Porter, Democratic Unionist Party
2011 – 12: Brian Heading, Social Democratic and Labour Party
2012 – 13: William Leathem, Democratic Unionist Party
2013 – 14: Margaret Tolerton, Democratic Unionist Party
2014 – 15: Andrew Ewing, Democratic Unionist Party
2018 - 19: Uel Mackin, Democratic Unionist Party
2022- 23: Scott Carson Democratic Unionist Party
Review of Public Administration
Under the Review of Public Administration (RPA) the council was due to merge with Castlereagh Borough Council in 2011 to form a single council for the enlarged area totalling 540 km2 and a population of 175,182. An election was due to take place in May 2009, but on 25 April 2008, Shaun Woodward, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland announced that the scheduled 2009 district council elections were to be postponed until the introduction of the eleven new councils in 2011. The introduction of the new councils was subsequently postponed until 2015.
Population
The area covered by Lisburn City Council had a population of 120,165 residents according to the 2011 Northern Ireland census.
See also
Local Councils in Northern Ireland
Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council
References
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Your City Council". Lisburn City Council. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
^ Lisburn council election results 1993-2011, ARK, Retrieved 13 January 2013
^ "Your City Council". Lisburn City Council. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
^ "Minister Foster announces decisions on Local Government Reform". DoE. Archived from the original on 24 May 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
^ Northern Ireland elections are postponed, BBC News, 25 April 2008, Retrieved 27 April 2008
^ "NI Census 2011 - Key Statistics Summary Report, September 2014" (PDF). NI Statistics and Research Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
External links
Lisburn City Council
vteDistricts of Northern Ireland, 1972–2015Councils
Antrim
Ards
Armagh
Ballymena
Ballymoney
Banbridge
Belfast
Carrickfergus
Castlereagh
Coleraine
Cookstown
Craigavon
Derry
Down
Dungannon and South Tyrone
Fermanagh
Larne
Limavady
Lisburn
Magherafelt
Moyle
Newry and Mourne
Newtownabbey
North Down
Omagh
Strabane
Districts
Antrim
Ards
Armagh
Ballymena
Ballymoney
Banbridge
Belfast
Carrickfergus
Castlereagh
Coleraine
Cookstown
Craigavon
Derry
Down
Dungannon and South Tyrone
Fermanagh
Larne
Limavady
Lisburn
Magherafelt
Moyle
Newry and Mourne
Newtownabbey
North Down
Omagh
Strabane
Authority control databases International
VIAF
Geographic
MusicBrainz area
54°30′40″N 6°02′35″W / 54.511°N 6.043°W / 54.511; -6.043
|
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As of May 2015 it was merged with Castlereagh Borough Council as part of the reform of local government in Northern Ireland to become Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council.Created in 1974, the council was the second largest in the Belfast Metropolitan Area. Council headquarters were in the city of Lisburn. It was the second-largest council area in Northern Ireland with over 120,000 people and an area of 174 square miles (450 km2) of southwest Antrim and northwest Down. The council area included Glenavy and Dundrod in the north, Dromara and Hillsborough in the south, Moira and Aghalee in the west, and Drumbo in the east.The council area consisted of five electoral areas: Downshire, Dunmurry Cross, Killultagh, Lisburn Town North and Lisburn Town South. It had 30 councillors, last elected in 2011. The final composition was: 14 Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), 5 Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), 5 Sinn Féin, 3 Alliance Party and 3 Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP).For elections to the Westminster Parliament, the council area was split between the Lagan Valley constituency, Belfast West and South Antrim constituencies.[1]The first elections for the new council took place in May 2014.[2]","title":"Lisburn City Council"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Aghalee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghalee"},{"link_name":"Annahilt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annahilt"},{"link_name":"Dunmurry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunmurry"},{"link_name":"Drumbo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumbo"},{"link_name":"Dromara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromara"},{"link_name":"Glenavy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenavy"},{"link_name":"Hillsborough","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillsborough,_County_Down"},{"link_name":"Lisburn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisburn"},{"link_name":"Maghaberry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghaberry"},{"link_name":"Moira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moira,_County_Down"}],"text":"Aghalee\nAnnahilt\nDunmurry\nDrumbo\nDromara\nGlenavy\nHillsborough\nLisburn\nMaghaberry\nMoira","title":"Constituent cities, towns and villages"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Beattie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Beattie_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Gary McMichael","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_McMichael"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"ARK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.ark.ac.uk/elections/"}],"text":"Notes: The independent elected in 1997 was Hugh Lewsley, a former SDLP councillor. William Beattie was elected as a \"Protestant Unionist\" in 1997, but is tallied as an Independent Unionist above. New legislation introduced for the 2001 elections required candidates to register party names for these to appear on the ballot paper, this also made it impossible for candidates to stand as Independent Unionist. The UDP missed the deadline for registration and their candidate, party leader Gary McMichael, was elected as an independent. The other candidate elected as an independent in 2001, described himself as a Unionist on the council website.[3]Source: ARK Retrieved 13 January 2013","title":"Summary of seats won 1973-2011"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"2011 saw the continued advancement of the DUP and Sinn Féin within the council Area. In Downshire, the DUP picked up a seat from the UUP, and in Dunmurry Cross, Sinn Féin gained from the SDLP. However the SDLP loss was compensated by changing demographics in the Lisburn Town North DEA, where the SDLP took a seat for the first time. There were no changes in the Killutagh or Lisburn Town South DEAs. The election saw the DUP return all their candidates with the exception of Ben Mallon, a local student standing in Lisburn North.","title":"2011 Election results"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ulster Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Alderman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alderman"},{"link_name":"MBE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_Most_Excellent_Order_of_the_British_Empire"},{"link_name":"Ulster Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Democratic Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Ulster Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Ulster Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Billy Bleakes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Bleakes"},{"link_name":"Ulster Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Willam McAllister","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Willam_McAllister&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ulster Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Ivan Davis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Davis_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Ulster Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Seamus Close","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seamus_Close"},{"link_name":"Alliance Party of Northern Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Ulster Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"George Morrison","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Morrison_(Northern_Ireland_politician)"},{"link_name":"Ulster Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Peter O'Hagan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_O%27Hagan"},{"link_name":"Social Democratic and Labour Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party"},{"link_name":"Ulster Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Alliance Party of Northern Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Billy Bell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Bell_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Ulster Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Cecil Calvert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Calvert_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Democratic Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Jonathan Craig","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Craig"},{"link_name":"Democratic Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Trevor Lunn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor_Lunn"},{"link_name":"Alliance Party of Northern Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Democratic Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Ulster Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Democratic Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Democratic Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Social Democratic and Labour Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party"},{"link_name":"Democratic Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Democratic Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Democratic Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"Democratic Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Democratic Unionist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party"}],"text":"1964 – 70: James Howard (1st Mayor of the Borough of Lisburn)\n1970 – 73: Hugh Gray Bass\n1977 – 78?: Elsie Kelsey, Ulster Unionist Party\n1978 – 79:george mc cartney.1979 – 81: Alderman Dr Samuel Semple MBE, Ulster Unionist Party\n1981 – 83: Billy Belshaw, Democratic Unionist Party\n1983 – 85: Maureen McKinney, Ulster Unionist Party\n1985 – 87: Walter Lilburn, Ulster Unionist Party\n1987 – 88:\n1988 – 89: Billy Bleakes, Ulster Unionist Party\n1990 – 91: Willam McAllister, Ulster Unionist Party\n1991 – 93: Ivan Davis, Ulster Unionist Party\n1993 – 94: Seamus Close, Alliance Party of Northern Ireland\n1994 – 96: Harry Lewis Ulster Unionist Party\n1996 – 98?: George Morrison, Ulster Unionist Party\n1998 – 00: Peter O'Hagan, Social Democratic and Labour Party\n2000 – 02: Jim Dillon, Ulster Unionist Party\n2002 – 03: Betty Campbell, Alliance Party of Northern Ireland\n2003 – 04: Billy Bell, Ulster Unionist Party\n2004 – 05: Cecil Calvert, Democratic Unionist Party\n2005 – 06: Jonathan Craig, Democratic Unionist Party\n2006 – 07: Trevor Lunn, Alliance Party of Northern Ireland\n2007 – 08: James Tinsley, Democratic Unionist Party\n2008 – 09: Ronnie Crawford, Ulster Unionist Party\n2009 – 10: Allan Ewart, Democratic Unionist Party\n2010 – 11: Paul Porter, Democratic Unionist Party\n2011 – 12: Brian Heading, Social Democratic and Labour Party\n2012 – 13: William Leathem, Democratic Unionist Party\n2013 – 14: Margaret Tolerton, Democratic Unionist Party\n2014 – 15: Andrew Ewing, Democratic Unionist Party\n2018 - 19: Uel Mackin, Democratic Unionist Party[4]\n2022- 23: Scott Carson Democratic Unionist Party","title":"Mayors of Lisburn"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Castlereagh Borough Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlereagh_Borough_Council"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Shaun Woodward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaun_Woodward"},{"link_name":"Secretary of State for Northern Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Under the Review of Public Administration (RPA) the council was due to merge with Castlereagh Borough Council in 2011 to form a single council for the enlarged area totalling 540 km2 and a population of 175,182.[5] An election was due to take place in May 2009, but on 25 April 2008, Shaun Woodward, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland announced that the scheduled 2009 district council elections were to be postponed until the introduction of the eleven new councils in 2011.[6] The introduction of the new councils was subsequently postponed until 2015.","title":"Review of Public Administration"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"The area covered by Lisburn City Council had a population of 120,165 residents according to the 2011 Northern Ireland census.[7]","title":"Population"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"Local Councils in Northern Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Councils_in_Northern_Ireland"},{"title":"Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisburn_and_Castlereagh_City_Council"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Archived copy\" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080228191026/http://www.boundarycommission.org.uk/pubs/finalrecommendations.pdf","url_text":"\"Archived copy\""},{"url":"http://www.boundarycommission.org.uk/pubs/finalrecommendations.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Your City Council\". Lisburn City Council. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115643/http://www.lisburncity.gov.uk/Your-City-Council/Council-Departments/Chief-Executives-Office/Review-of-Public-Administration/Local-Government-Elections-2014","url_text":"\"Your City Council\""},{"url":"http://www.lisburncity.gov.uk/Your-City-Council/Council-Departments/Chief-Executives-Office/Review-of-Public-Administration/Local-Government-Elections-2014","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Your City Council\". Lisburn City Council. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114018/http://www.lisburncity.gov.uk/Your-City-Council/Mayor","url_text":"\"Your City Council\""},{"url":"http://www.lisburncity.gov.uk/Your-City-Council/Mayor","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Minister Foster announces decisions on Local Government Reform\". DoE. Archived from the original on 24 May 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080524030604/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/index/local_government/minister_foster_announces_decisions_on_local_government_reform.htm","url_text":"\"Minister Foster announces decisions on Local Government Reform\""},{"url":"http://www.doeni.gov.uk/index/local_government/minister_foster_announces_decisions_on_local_government_reform.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"NI Census 2011 - Key Statistics Summary Report, September 2014\" (PDF). NI Statistics and Research Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141215081312/http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/census/2011/results/key-statistics/summary-report.pdf","url_text":"\"NI Census 2011 - Key Statistics Summary Report, September 2014\""},{"url":"http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/census/2011/results/key-statistics/summary-report.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Wheeler_(TVR)
|
Peter Wheeler (TVR)
|
["1 References","2 External links"]
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British automobile designer (1944–2009)
For other people named Peter Wheeler, see Peter Wheeler (disambiguation).
Peter Robert Wheeler (29 February 1944 – 11 June 2009) was a chemical engineer from Sheffield, Yorkshire, UK, who owned the Blackpool-based TVR sports car company for 23 years.
Wheeler made his fortune supplying specialist equipment to the North Sea oil industry. After owning a TVR, he ended up buying the company in 1981. Wheeler sold TVR to Nikolai Smolenski in 2004 for around £15 million. Despite his background in chemistry, Peter Wheeler also contributed to the design of TVRs.
Under Wheeler's ownership, TVR moved from cars with Triumph and Ford engines to using the Rover V8, and later the Speed Eight and Speed Six designed for TVR by Al Melling. The cars produced under his control were typically stunning to look at, with incredible performance. The distinctive intakes below the headlamps on the Chimaera, were purely accidental and the result of his dog 'Ned' biting the prototype bodyshell.
Wheeler died on 11 June 2009 after a long illness.
Evo Magazine's former editor Harry Metcalfe said of Wheeler: "Peter Wheeler was one of those larger-than-life characters I thought only existed in novels. He always seemed to excel at anything he turned his hand to, despite not always doing things the easy way. He might have been quietly spoken but he possessed formidable drive and incredible presence (being 6ft 6in tall helped here), qualities that helped him build TVR into what it was in its heyday."
Speaking to CAR Magazine, Ben Samuelson, who worked with Wheeler for 12 years, said: "They were exciting, challenging and fantastic times. You never got bored – you didn’t know what was going to happen next! There were no committee meetings, he wasn’t a touchy-feely person, there were no group yoga sessions or anything; he was a proper boss."
Even after selling TVR Wheeler remained involved in the motoring industry, regularly racing an Aston Martin DB4, and also designing the Scamander amphibious car.
References
^ "Obituary: Peter Wheeler". The Times. 23 June 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
^ Glancey, Jonathan (2 July 2009). "Obituary: Peter Wheeler". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
^ Chapman, Giles (7 July 2009). "Obituary: Peter Wheeler". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
^ Werdigier, Julia (11 July 2009). "Obituary: Peter Wheeler". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
^ Metcalfe, Harry (20 August 2009). "Peter Wheeler 1944-2009". Evo Magazine. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
^ Adams, Peter (12 July 2009). "Ex-TVR chairman Peter Wheeler (1944-2009)". CAR Magazine. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
^ Metcalfe, Harry (26 November 2008). "evo10 Dream Drives: Scamander". Evo Magazine. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
^ "Scamander- evo Diaries". YouTube. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
External links
Peter Wheeler 1944-2009
Peter Wheeler: Mr TVR
The Wheeler Interview
TVR thrives on niche production
This article about a British businessperson born in the 1940s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This automobile biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This article about an engineer, inventor or industrial designer from the United Kingdom or its predecessor states is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Peter Wheeler (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Wheeler_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"Sheffield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheffield"},{"link_name":"Yorkshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire"},{"link_name":"UK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Blackpool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool"},{"link_name":"TVR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVR"},{"link_name":"sports car","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_car"},{"link_name":"North Sea oil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea_oil"},{"link_name":"buying the company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVR#TVR's_owners"},{"link_name":"Nikolai Smolenski","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Smolenski"},{"link_name":"£15 million","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Triumph","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company"},{"link_name":"Ford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company"},{"link_name":"Rover V8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rover_V8"},{"link_name":"Speed Eight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVR_Speed_Eight_engine"},{"link_name":"Speed Six","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVR_Speed_Six_engine"},{"link_name":"Al Melling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Melling"},{"link_name":"Chimaera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVR_Chimaera"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Evo Magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evo_Magazine"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"CAR Magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAR_Magazine"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Aston Martin DB4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_Martin_DB4"},{"link_name":"amphibious car","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibious_car"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"For other people named Peter Wheeler, see Peter Wheeler (disambiguation).Peter Robert Wheeler (29 February 1944 – 11 June 2009) was a chemical engineer from Sheffield, Yorkshire, UK, who owned the Blackpool-based TVR sports car company for 23 years.Wheeler made his fortune supplying specialist equipment to the North Sea oil industry. After owning a TVR, he ended up buying the company in 1981. Wheeler sold TVR to Nikolai Smolenski in 2004 for around £15 million. Despite his background in chemistry, Peter Wheeler also contributed to the design of TVRs[citation needed].Under Wheeler's ownership, TVR moved from cars with Triumph and Ford engines to using the Rover V8, and later the Speed Eight and Speed Six designed for TVR by Al Melling. The cars produced under his control were typically stunning to look at, with incredible performance. The distinctive intakes below the headlamps on the Chimaera, were purely accidental and the result of his dog 'Ned' biting the prototype bodyshell.Wheeler died on 11 June 2009 after a long illness.[1][2][3][4]Evo Magazine's former editor Harry Metcalfe said of Wheeler: \"Peter Wheeler was one of those larger-than-life characters I thought only existed in novels. He always seemed to excel at anything he turned his hand to, despite not always doing things the easy way. He might have been quietly spoken but he possessed formidable drive and incredible presence (being 6ft 6in tall helped here), qualities that helped him build TVR into what it was in its heyday.\"[5]Speaking to CAR Magazine, Ben Samuelson, who worked with Wheeler for 12 years, said: \"They were exciting, challenging and fantastic times. You never got bored – you didn’t know what was going to happen next! There were no committee meetings, he wasn’t a touchy-feely person, there were no group yoga sessions or anything; he was a proper boss.\"[6]Even after selling TVR Wheeler remained involved in the motoring industry, regularly racing an Aston Martin DB4, and also designing the Scamander amphibious car.[7][8]","title":"Peter Wheeler (TVR)"}]
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[]
| null |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajmohan%27s_Wife
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Rajmohan's Wife
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["1 Chapters and characters","1.1 Chapters","1.2 Characters","2 Plot","2.1 Summary","3 References"]
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Book by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
Rajmohan's Wife AuthorBankim Chandra ChattopadhyayLanguageEnglishPublisherIndian FieldPublication date1864Publication placeIndiaMedia typePrintPages124 ppTextRajmohan's Wife at Wikisource
Rajmohan's Wife (1864) is the debut novella of the Indian author Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. The English-language novella, claimed by many to be the very first Indian novella, was published by a lesser-known periodical named Indian Field edited by Kishori Chand Mitra. The novella abruptly ended for unknown reasons, and later grew more obscure, until it was rediscovered and republished.
Chapters and characters
Chapters
I: The Drawers Of Water.
II: The Two Cousins.
III: The Truant's Return Home.
IV: The History Of The Rise And Progress Of A Zemindar Family.
V: A Letter—A Visit To The Zenana
VI: Midnight Plotting.
VII: Love Can Conquer Fear.
VIII: Forewarned And Forearmed.
IX: We Meet To Part.
X: The Return.
XI: When Thieves Fall Out.
XII: The Friends And The Stranger.
XIII: The Protectress.
XIV: Between Rival Charmers.
XV: Consultations And Council.
XVI: What Befell Our Hero.
XVII: The Vigilance Of Love.
XVIII: Captors And Captive.
XIX: Madhav And Tara.
XX: Some Women Are The Equals Of Some Men.
XXI: The Last Chapters In Life's Book—And In This.
Conclusion.
Characters
Matangini: The eponymous "wife" of Rajmohan and the protagonist.
Rajmohan: The abusive husband of Matangini.
Hemangini: The younger sister of Matangini and the wife of Madhav.
Madhav Ghose: The husband of Hemangini.
Mathur Ghose: The cousin brother of Madhav and the husband of Tara and Champak.
Kanakmayee a.k.a. Kanak: The friend of Matangini.
The Sardar: The leader of the dacoits.
Bhiku: The right-hand man of the Sardar.
Karuna: The housekeeper of Madhav.
Tara: The first wife of Mathur and the childhood best friend of Madhav.
Champak: The second wife of Mathur.
Plot
Summary
The novella opens one late afternoon in a remote village named Radhaganj in the Bengal Presidency. An unnamed thirty-year-old woman awakens from an afternoon nap, dresses up and heads out of her house and goes to a nearby house, where she meets with an eighteen-year-old married woman. The two women strike up a conversation, through which the thirty-year-old woman's name is revealed to be Kanakmayee, shortened to Kanak. After some persuasion, Kanak convinces the eighteen-year-old woman to accompany her to fetch water from the nearby river. Albeit being afraid of her husband's reaction, the 18-year-old woman takes a pitcher and goes out with Kanak.
Meanwhile, in another place, two men—who are cousins—are seen conversing with each other. The elder one is Mathur Ghose and the younger one is Madhav Ghose. Mathur was talking to Madhav about his recent arrival in Radhaganj after leaving Calcutta, when they both look out of their window and see Kanak and the eighteen-year-old married woman returning home. A sudden gust of wind removes the veil of the eighteen-year-old woman, revealing her face. Madhav recognises her as Matangini, the wife of Rajmohan, who is also in Radhaganj. Kanak and Matangini return to their respective homes, with Matangini being fearful of her husband's reaction.
In a flashback, we get to see the rise of a Bengali zamindar family, when a young cook named Bangshibadan Ghose became the subject of attention of the woman who was handling the zamindari estate. Later the zamindari went to Bangshibadan's hand when the woman—who later became his second wife in the presence of his first wife—died. Bangshibadan later shifted to Radhaganj and established his estate there, and lived his life to the fullest. After his demise, his property was divided among his three sons: Ramkanta (father of Mathur), Ramkanai (father of Madhav), and Ramgopal. Due to Ramkanta's wish, Mathur never got proper English education but was successfully taught how to manage his estate. Ramkanai, though indolent and extravagant in nature (which caused him to lose almost his entire property, due to some people who continued to fleece his money from him), gave his son Madhav the best education that he can afford, and also had him marry a poor-yet-good natured woman named Hemangini (younger sister of Matangini), meanwhile Matangini married Rajmohan, a marriage organised by Matangini's father. Matangini later appealed to Hemangini to talk to Madhav about giving Rajmohan a job, a task which Hemangini struggles to fulfill. Madhav later directly talks to Rajmohan and asks him to work as a supervisor to his estate, promising that his family will be provided with a house in Radhaganj. Rajmohan is infuriated by this proposal and storms out. He later accepts the proposal, with utmost reluctance and moves to Radhaganj with Matangini, where he's staying at the house made for him, under Madhav's supervision. Ramgopal remained childless throughout his life and, at the time of his death, bequeathed his entire property to Madhav, under the condition that Madhav will look after Ramgopal's widowed wife.
The story now returns to the present. After Matangini returns home, she's confronted by an enraged Rajmohan; she silently faces the abuse hurled at her by Rajmohan, who was somewhat softened by Matangini's tears. When Rajmohan finally calms down, his aunt calmly escorts Matangini to her chamber, after which she immensely scolds Rajmohan. Meanwhile, Madhav returns to his house, where his messenger hands him a letter from Madhav's lawyer, Gokul Chandra Das. He reads the letter and finds out that Madhav's aunt (Ramgopal's widowed wife) has filed a lawsuit against him, alleging that Ramgopal's will was forged and that Madhav has illegally obtained Ramgopal's property. Gokul reveals that he investigated and learnt that "councillors" have helped Madhav's aunt in this case, and that he's fighting the case with all his might. After finishing the letter, Madhav decides to meet his aunt and ventures into the zenana of his house and, after calming the chaos there, asks his matron about the whereabouts of his aunt. They both learn that Madhav's aunt has been seen near the pond of Mathur's house, during bathing time. Madhav suspects Mathur to be the supposed "councillor" and asks one of the women to go and ask his aunt to return, "and in case she refuses, know her reasons".
The story now returns to Matangini. Without having her dinner, she remains in her chamber, remembering her childhood and her happy days spent with her sister. She gets up to open the window, when she inadvertently eavesdrops on a conversation between 2 men taking place right outside her room, in the garden. The 2 men are Rajmohan and another man, seemingly a dacoit leader, only known as the Sardar. They're planning a dacoity in Madhav's house, intending to steal Ramgopal's will. Rajmohan asks for a huge share of the loot, in return for the information that he has provided to the dacoit. During this conversation, Rajmohan checks Matangini's room to ensure that she's asleep (she fakes sleep when he arrives to check) in order to pacify the Sardar who was worried that someone may hear them. When Rajmohan and the Sardar go away, the visibly afraid Matangini contemplates about her next move. She finally decides to warn Madhav about the dacoity. She ventures out of her house and travels to Madhav's house—nearly encountering the dacoits and exposing herself in the process—and finally reaches to his house. Upon meeting Madhav, she warns him of the dacoity. He arms all the guards of his house and waits for the dacoits. Soon, the dacoits are scared off when Madhav's guards howl at the top of their voices, thus averting a direct conflict. When Madhav thanks Matangini for her help, Matangini fails to restrain herself and reveals her love for him; when Hemangini's marriage proposal was fixed, Matangini met Madhav and was instantly attracted to him. At present, Madhav simply hears everything, but fails to do anything. Matangini leaves Madhav's house in the dawn, accompanied by Karuna, Madhav's housekeeper. In the ensuing storm, Matangini hurriedly returns home, where she's confronted by the infuriated Rajmohan, who has discovered her absence. Brandishing a knife, Rajmohan is about to kill Matangini when 2 dacoits, the Sardar and one of his men, Bhiku, break into the room from the window and viciously attack Rajmohan, presuming that he double-crossed them and foiled their dacoity. Rajmohan painstakingly explains everything; Rajmohan, Bhiku and the Sardar then get up to kill Matangini, only to discover that she has fled in the chaos. Rajmohan vows to kill Matangini.
We now find Matangini meeting with Kanak. She only reveals that Rajmohan's anger had compelled her to flee and that she's in dire need of a shelter. Help unexpectedly arrives in the form of Suki's mother, who offers to shelter Matangini in her relatives' house.
The story now shifts to Mathur's household. After a brief description of Mathur's poorly-maintained house, we find Matangini conversing with the 28-year-old Tara, Mathur's elder wife, while Suki's mother has provided a brief-yet-embellished narrative of Matangini's misfortune. Hearing everything, Tara promises to do something about it, but they need Mathur's permission to let Matangini stay. Mathur enters the room a few minutes later, and after hearing everything from Tara, allows to shelter Matangini in his house. The 20-year-old Champak, Mathur's younger wife, however dislikes Matangini's presence in the house and is afraid of losing her husband's affection. A small altercation takes place between Mathur and Champak regarding this matter, with Champak constantly asking Mathur to not let Matangini stay in their house and Mathur saying otherwise. The matter remains unsolved that night.
The very next morning, a visitor claiming to be Rajmohan arrives to meet with Mathur and to take Matangini back, saying that he has "forgiven" her and wants her back. Matangini, more dead than alive, is returned to her husband.
The story now shifts to a hovel located deep in the forest of Radhaganj. The Sardar and Bhiku are inside the hovel, discussing about their next plan of stealing Ramgopal's will from Madhav's lawyer. Rajmohan arrives and tells them that he, much to his surprise, found Matangini in Mathur's house. They then discuss on getting rid of Matangini, with Rajmohan saying that though he hates her, his wish of killing her is gone now. The Sardar then asks Rajmohan to abandon his family, take Matangini with him and to join them as a fellow dacoit. Rajmohan initially hesitates to do so, but finally agrees due to the Sardar's threats and due to his own wish of leaving Madhav's neighborhood. After returning home and sitting down to have his lunch, Rajmohan asks his sister Kishori to call Matangini, whom he left in the company of Suki's mother to escort her home; Kishori informs him that Matangini hasn't returned. The angered Rajmohan sends Kishori and his aunt to find Matangini, only for them to return unsuccessful.
3 days have passed since Matangini's unexplained disappearance. Madhav, sitting in his room all alone, contemplates about the lawsuit of his aunt and Matangini's fate. Madhav soon gets up and stands on the balcony, unable to take his mind off of these thoughts, when he suddenly notices something weird in his garden. Arming himself with a small, silver-handled sword, Madhav ventures outside to see the oddity, when he hears a wild shriek, after which he's attacked and subsequently kidnapped by 2 physically powerful men.
On the other hand, we see Mathur trying to fall asleep in Tara's chamber, with Tara also present. Tara constantly asks Mathur the cause of his restlessness, but Mathur remains silent; at the end, he says that he can't reveal anything to her. When Tara is about to ask for a promise, they both hear a screech-owl's shriek which causes Mathur to rush out of the room. The shocked Tara tries to look for him from the balcony; after a long time, she sees him returning from the garden behind. Tara starts suspecting Mathur of some foul play.
The story now shifts to Madhav, who awakens, after his abduction, and finds himself all alone in a small, dark room, which is actually a godown room. Soon, the Sardar and Bhiku enter inside and reveal themselves to be his kidnappers. The trio converse with each other with Madhav constantly asking the Sardar who employed him for the kidnapping and the Sardar refusing to reply. Madhav figures out that it's Mathur and asks what he wants from him. The Sardar bluntly states that it's Ramgopal's will; Madhav can be released if he hands it over to them. After some contemplation, Madhav decides to write a letter to his family demanding the will, with the Sardar dictating the letter's content. All the while, the trio constantly hear an unnerving shriek emanating from within the house; after repeated failed attempts to find the source of the shriek, the Sardar and Bhiku flee from the place, completely overtaken by fear. Madhav, entirely free now, also proceeds to escape, only to stumble upon a figure revealed to be Tara, who happens to his childhood best friend. The duo then again hear the unnerving shriek.
In a small flashback, it's revealed how Madhav and Tara knew each other since childhood and became best friends. Back in the present, Tara reveals that, due to her suspicion, she arrived in the godown (the place where they're standing now) and tried to get in, only to be scared when the Sardar and Bhiku escaped from there. Madhav now brings her in the room and discloses everything to her. After some brief moments, the duo start looking for the source of the shriek. Madhav soon finds a small door, and after some initial failed attempts, opens it and finds a staircase. They both climb the stairs which is deep inside the house, find another door and open it, after similar failed attempts. Entering the room, the duo find a bed and a woman lying on it, whom they recognize as Matangini.
Retrieving Matangini from the room, Madhav and Tara revive her. Matangini soon discloses her side of the story: when Suki's mother (who was actually working for Mathur) was escorting Matangini back to Rajmohan's house, she understood Matangini's wish to remain away from him. Seizing this opportunity, Suki's mother tricked Matangini into following her to the dark chamber (from where she has just been retrieved) and trapping her there. Later, Mathur met Matangini and promised to make her subdue to him by starvation; Matangini defiantly refused by promising to starve herself.
When dawn breaks, Madhav returns to his home and Tara returns to her bedchamber. They plan to secretly escort Matangini out of there that evening, under Karuna's company. Tara is now convinced of Mathur's villainy. Later that evening, Karuna arrives and escorts Matangini to Madhav's house where she meets Hemangini. Matangini now reveals her wish to return to her father's house.
The following stormy evening, we see Mathur meeting with the Sardar. The Sardar discloses that he has come to warn Mathur. Bhiku has been arrested and that he has confessed everything to the police. The Sardar also reveals that he intends to escape that very night, and tells Mathur to stay safe. After returning to his room, Mathur plans to bribe the police, how to force Bhiku to retract his confession and starts thinking on how to deal with the newly posted Magistrate, an Irishman, when a law-officer arrives to meet him. The law-officer reveals that Bhiku's confession was also heard by the Irish Magistrate and that they're preparing to arrest Mathur. Mathur is left stunned at this.
The next morning, the Irish Magistrate arrives in Mathur's house, accompanied by a posse of policemen to personally arrest Mathur. After searching for him, they find that Mathur has hanged himself from the ceiling of a godown-room.
The story now comes to an abrupt conclusion, with the ensuing events revealed: the Sardar successfully fled from Radhaganj. Rajmohan was arrested; he partially confessed to the police, after which both he and Bhiku were incarcerated. Matangini went to live with her father. Nothing more is known about her, except that she died early. Tara, mourning for her husband's death, went on to live to her old age, and at the time of her demise, she was mourned by many. The fate of others (Madhav, Champak etc.) remains obscure with some dead and some still alive. The omniscient narrator now brings the story to an end and bids the reader farewell.
References
^ Chaudhuri, Supriya (April 22, 2015). Anjaria, Ulka (ed.). A History of the Indian Novel in English. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–44 – via Cambridge University Press.
^ Mukherjee, Oindrila. "'Rajmohan's Wife': Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's English novel was a true potboiler". Scroll.in.
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An unnamed thirty-year-old woman awakens from an afternoon nap, dresses up and heads out of her house and goes to a nearby house, where she meets with an eighteen-year-old married woman. The two women strike up a conversation, through which the thirty-year-old woman's name is revealed to be Kanakmayee, shortened to Kanak. After some persuasion, Kanak convinces the eighteen-year-old woman to accompany her to fetch water from the nearby river. Albeit being afraid of her husband's reaction, the 18-year-old woman takes a pitcher and goes out with Kanak.Meanwhile, in another place, two men—who are cousins—are seen conversing with each other. The elder one is Mathur Ghose and the younger one is Madhav Ghose. Mathur was talking to Madhav about his recent arrival in Radhaganj after leaving Calcutta, when they both look out of their window and see Kanak and the eighteen-year-old married woman returning home. A sudden gust of wind removes the veil of the eighteen-year-old woman, revealing her face. Madhav recognises her as Matangini, the wife of Rajmohan, who is also in Radhaganj. Kanak and Matangini return to their respective homes, with Matangini being fearful of her husband's reaction.In a flashback, we get to see the rise of a Bengali zamindar family, when a young cook named Bangshibadan Ghose became the subject of attention of the woman who was handling the zamindari estate. Later the zamindari went to Bangshibadan's hand when the woman—who later became his second wife in the presence of his first wife—died. Bangshibadan later shifted to Radhaganj and established his estate there, and lived his life to the fullest. After his demise, his property was divided among his three sons: Ramkanta (father of Mathur), Ramkanai (father of Madhav), and Ramgopal. Due to Ramkanta's wish, Mathur never got proper English education but was successfully taught how to manage his estate. Ramkanai, though indolent and extravagant in nature (which caused him to lose almost his entire property, due to some people who continued to fleece his money from him), gave his son Madhav the best education that he can afford, and also had him marry a poor-yet-good natured woman named Hemangini (younger sister of Matangini), meanwhile Matangini married Rajmohan, a marriage organised by Matangini's father. Matangini later appealed to Hemangini to talk to Madhav about giving Rajmohan a job, a task which Hemangini struggles to fulfill. Madhav later directly talks to Rajmohan and asks him to work as a supervisor to his estate, promising that his family will be provided with a house in Radhaganj. Rajmohan is infuriated by this proposal and storms out. He later accepts the proposal, with utmost reluctance and moves to Radhaganj with Matangini, where he's staying at the house made for him, under Madhav's supervision. Ramgopal remained childless throughout his life and, at the time of his death, bequeathed his entire property to Madhav, under the condition that Madhav will look after Ramgopal's widowed wife.The story now returns to the present. After Matangini returns home, she's confronted by an enraged Rajmohan; she silently faces the abuse hurled at her by Rajmohan, who was somewhat softened by Matangini's tears. When Rajmohan finally calms down, his aunt calmly escorts Matangini to her chamber, after which she immensely scolds Rajmohan. Meanwhile, Madhav returns to his house, where his messenger hands him a letter from Madhav's lawyer, Gokul Chandra Das. He reads the letter and finds out that Madhav's aunt (Ramgopal's widowed wife) has filed a lawsuit against him, alleging that Ramgopal's will was forged and that Madhav has illegally obtained Ramgopal's property. Gokul reveals that he investigated and learnt that \"councillors\" have helped Madhav's aunt in this case, and that he's fighting the case with all his might. After finishing the letter, Madhav decides to meet his aunt and ventures into the zenana of his house and, after calming the chaos there, asks his matron about the whereabouts of his aunt. They both learn that Madhav's aunt has been seen near the pond of Mathur's house, during bathing time. Madhav suspects Mathur to be the supposed \"councillor\" and asks one of the women to go and ask his aunt to return, \"and in case she refuses, know her reasons\".The story now returns to Matangini. Without having her dinner, she remains in her chamber, remembering her childhood and her happy days spent with her sister. She gets up to open the window, when she inadvertently eavesdrops on a conversation between 2 men taking place right outside her room, in the garden. The 2 men are Rajmohan and another man, seemingly a dacoit leader, only known as the Sardar. They're planning a dacoity in Madhav's house, intending to steal Ramgopal's will. Rajmohan asks for a huge share of the loot, in return for the information that he has provided to the dacoit. During this conversation, Rajmohan checks Matangini's room to ensure that she's asleep (she fakes sleep when he arrives to check) in order to pacify the Sardar who was worried that someone may hear them. When Rajmohan and the Sardar go away, the visibly afraid Matangini contemplates about her next move. She finally decides to warn Madhav about the dacoity. She ventures out of her house and travels to Madhav's house—nearly encountering the dacoits and exposing herself in the process—and finally reaches to his house. Upon meeting Madhav, she warns him of the dacoity. He arms all the guards of his house and waits for the dacoits. Soon, the dacoits are scared off when Madhav's guards howl at the top of their voices, thus averting a direct conflict. When Madhav thanks Matangini for her help, Matangini fails to restrain herself and reveals her love for him; when Hemangini's marriage proposal was fixed, Matangini met Madhav and was instantly attracted to him. At present, Madhav simply hears everything, but fails to do anything. Matangini leaves Madhav's house in the dawn, accompanied by Karuna, Madhav's housekeeper. In the ensuing storm, Matangini hurriedly returns home, where she's confronted by the infuriated Rajmohan, who has discovered her absence. Brandishing a knife, Rajmohan is about to kill Matangini when 2 dacoits, the Sardar and one of his men, Bhiku, break into the room from the window and viciously attack Rajmohan, presuming that he double-crossed them and foiled their dacoity. Rajmohan painstakingly explains everything; Rajmohan, Bhiku and the Sardar then get up to kill Matangini, only to discover that she has fled in the chaos. Rajmohan vows to kill Matangini.We now find Matangini meeting with Kanak. She only reveals that Rajmohan's anger had compelled her to flee and that she's in dire need of a shelter. Help unexpectedly arrives in the form of Suki's mother, who offers to shelter Matangini in her relatives' house.The story now shifts to Mathur's household. After a brief description of Mathur's poorly-maintained house, we find Matangini conversing with the 28-year-old Tara, Mathur's elder wife, while Suki's mother has provided a brief-yet-embellished narrative of Matangini's misfortune. Hearing everything, Tara promises to do something about it, but they need Mathur's permission to let Matangini stay. Mathur enters the room a few minutes later, and after hearing everything from Tara, allows to shelter Matangini in his house. The 20-year-old Champak, Mathur's younger wife, however dislikes Matangini's presence in the house and is afraid of losing her husband's affection. A small altercation takes place between Mathur and Champak regarding this matter, with Champak constantly asking Mathur to not let Matangini stay in their house and Mathur saying otherwise. The matter remains unsolved that night.The very next morning, a visitor claiming to be Rajmohan arrives to meet with Mathur and to take Matangini back, saying that he has \"forgiven\" her and wants her back. Matangini, more dead than alive, is returned to her husband.The story now shifts to a hovel located deep in the forest of Radhaganj. The Sardar and Bhiku are inside the hovel, discussing about their next plan of stealing Ramgopal's will from Madhav's lawyer. Rajmohan arrives and tells them that he, much to his surprise, found Matangini in Mathur's house. They then discuss on getting rid of Matangini, with Rajmohan saying that though he hates her, his wish of killing her is gone now. The Sardar then asks Rajmohan to abandon his family, take Matangini with him and to join them as a fellow dacoit. Rajmohan initially hesitates to do so, but finally agrees due to the Sardar's threats and due to his own wish of leaving Madhav's neighborhood. After returning home and sitting down to have his lunch, Rajmohan asks his sister Kishori to call Matangini, whom he left in the company of Suki's mother to escort her home; Kishori informs him that Matangini hasn't returned. The angered Rajmohan sends Kishori and his aunt to find Matangini, only for them to return unsuccessful.3 days have passed since Matangini's unexplained disappearance. Madhav, sitting in his room all alone, contemplates about the lawsuit of his aunt and Matangini's fate. Madhav soon gets up and stands on the balcony, unable to take his mind off of these thoughts, when he suddenly notices something weird in his garden. Arming himself with a small, silver-handled sword, Madhav ventures outside to see the oddity, when he hears a wild shriek, after which he's attacked and subsequently kidnapped by 2 physically powerful men.On the other hand, we see Mathur trying to fall asleep in Tara's chamber, with Tara also present. Tara constantly asks Mathur the cause of his restlessness, but Mathur remains silent; at the end, he says that he can't reveal anything to her. When Tara is about to ask for a promise, they both hear a screech-owl's shriek which causes Mathur to rush out of the room. The shocked Tara tries to look for him from the balcony; after a long time, she sees him returning from the garden behind. Tara starts suspecting Mathur of some foul play.The story now shifts to Madhav, who awakens, after his abduction, and finds himself all alone in a small, dark room, which is actually a godown room. Soon, the Sardar and Bhiku enter inside and reveal themselves to be his kidnappers. The trio converse with each other with Madhav constantly asking the Sardar who employed him for the kidnapping and the Sardar refusing to reply. Madhav figures out that it's Mathur and asks what he wants from him. The Sardar bluntly states that it's Ramgopal's will; Madhav can be released if he hands it over to them. After some contemplation, Madhav decides to write a letter to his family demanding the will, with the Sardar dictating the letter's content. All the while, the trio constantly hear an unnerving shriek emanating from within the house; after repeated failed attempts to find the source of the shriek, the Sardar and Bhiku flee from the place, completely overtaken by fear. Madhav, entirely free now, also proceeds to escape, only to stumble upon a figure revealed to be Tara, who happens to his childhood best friend. The duo then again hear the unnerving shriek.In a small flashback, it's revealed how Madhav and Tara knew each other since childhood and became best friends. Back in the present, Tara reveals that, due to her suspicion, she arrived in the godown (the place where they're standing now) and tried to get in, only to be scared when the Sardar and Bhiku escaped from there. Madhav now brings her in the room and discloses everything to her. After some brief moments, the duo start looking for the source of the shriek. Madhav soon finds a small door, and after some initial failed attempts, opens it and finds a staircase. They both climb the stairs which is deep inside the house, find another door and open it, after similar failed attempts. Entering the room, the duo find a bed and a woman lying on it, whom they recognize as Matangini.Retrieving Matangini from the room, Madhav and Tara revive her. Matangini soon discloses her side of the story: when Suki's mother (who was actually working for Mathur) was escorting Matangini back to Rajmohan's house, she understood Matangini's wish to remain away from him. Seizing this opportunity, Suki's mother tricked Matangini into following her to the dark chamber (from where she has just been retrieved) and trapping her there. Later, Mathur met Matangini and promised to make her subdue to him by starvation; Matangini defiantly refused by promising to starve herself.When dawn breaks, Madhav returns to his home and Tara returns to her bedchamber. They plan to secretly escort Matangini out of there that evening, under Karuna's company. Tara is now convinced of Mathur's villainy. Later that evening, Karuna arrives and escorts Matangini to Madhav's house where she meets Hemangini. Matangini now reveals her wish to return to her father's house.The following stormy evening, we see Mathur meeting with the Sardar. The Sardar discloses that he has come to warn Mathur. Bhiku has been arrested and that he has confessed everything to the police. The Sardar also reveals that he intends to escape that very night, and tells Mathur to stay safe. After returning to his room, Mathur plans to bribe the police, how to force Bhiku to retract his confession and starts thinking on how to deal with the newly posted Magistrate, an Irishman, when a law-officer arrives to meet him. The law-officer reveals that Bhiku's confession was also heard by the Irish Magistrate and that they're preparing to arrest Mathur. Mathur is left stunned at this.The next morning, the Irish Magistrate arrives in Mathur's house, accompanied by a posse of policemen to personally arrest Mathur. After searching for him, they find that Mathur has hanged himself from the ceiling of a godown-room.The story now comes to an abrupt conclusion, with the ensuing events revealed: the Sardar successfully fled from Radhaganj. Rajmohan was arrested; he partially confessed to the police, after which both he and Bhiku were incarcerated. Matangini went to live with her father. Nothing more is known about her, except that she died early. Tara, mourning for her husband's death, went on to live to her old age, and at the time of her demise, she was mourned by many. The fate of others (Madhav, Champak etc.) remains obscure with some dead and some still alive. The omniscient narrator now brings the story to an end and bids the reader farewell.","title":"Plot"}]
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[{"reference":"Chaudhuri, Supriya (April 22, 2015). Anjaria, Ulka (ed.). A History of the Indian Novel in English. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–44 – via Cambridge University Press.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-the-indian-novel-in-english/beginnings-rajmohans-wife-and-the-novel-in-india/F919484DFFDEEE9DE5AB9C48046BDE4D","url_text":"A History of the Indian Novel in English"}]},{"reference":"Mukherjee, Oindrila. \"'Rajmohan's Wife': Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's English novel was a true potboiler\". Scroll.in.","urls":[{"url":"https://scroll.in/article/1000948/rajmohans-wife-bankim-chandra-chattopadhyays-english-novel-was-a-true-potboiler","url_text":"\"'Rajmohan's Wife': Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's English novel was a true potboiler\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-the-indian-novel-in-english/beginnings-rajmohans-wife-and-the-novel-in-india/F919484DFFDEEE9DE5AB9C48046BDE4D","external_links_name":"A History of the Indian Novel in English"},{"Link":"https://scroll.in/article/1000948/rajmohans-wife-bankim-chandra-chattopadhyays-english-novel-was-a-true-potboiler","external_links_name":"\"'Rajmohan's Wife': Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's English novel was a true potboiler\""}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand
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Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand
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["1 Overview","2 Significant policies","2.1 Economic","2.2 Constitutional","2.3 Treaty of Waitangi","2.4 Social policy","2.5 Health","2.6 Environment","2.7 National identity","2.8 Foreign affairs","3 Appointments","3.1 Governor-General","3.2 Supreme Court","3.3 Court of Appeal","4 History","4.1 1999 election","4.2 2002 election","4.3 2005 election","5 Election results","6 Prime minister","7 Cabinet Ministers","8 References","9 Further reading"]
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Government of New Zealand from 1999–2008
Fifth Labour GovernmentMinistry of New Zealand1999–2008Ministry in October 2005Date formed10 December 1999Date dissolved19 November 2008People and organisationsMonarchElizabeth IIGovernor-GeneralSir Michael Hardie Boys (1999–2001)Dame Silvia Cartwright (2001–06)Sir Anand Satyanand (2006–08)Prime MinisterHelen ClarkDeputy Prime MinisterJim Anderton (1999–2002)Michael Cullen (2002–2008)Member partyLabour Party (1999–2008)Alliance Party (1999–2002)Progressive Party (2002–08)United Future (2002–08)Green Party (2005–08)New Zealand First (2005–08)Opposition partyNational PartyOpposition leaderJenny Shipley (1999–2001)Bill English (2001–2003)Don Brash (2003–2006)John Key (2006–2008)HistoryElections1999 general election2002 general election2005 general electionLegislature terms46th Parliament47th Parliament48th ParliamentBudgets2006 budget2007 budget2008 budgetPredecessorFourth National Government of New ZealandSuccessorFifth National Government of New Zealand
The Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand was the government of New Zealand from 10 December 1999 to 19 November 2008. Labour Party leader Helen Clark negotiated a coalition with Jim Anderton, leader of the Alliance Party. While undertaking a number of substantial reforms, it was not particularly radical compared to previous Labour governments.
Overview
The previous government, the fourth National government, had been in power since 1990. It was widely unpopular by 1999, with much of the public antagonised by a series of free-market economic reforms, and was bedevilled by weakness and instability. In the 1999 general election, the Helen Clark-led Labour Party defeated the National Party easily, becoming the largest single party in the House of Representatives. Labour formed a minority coalition government with the left-leaning Alliance party, supported by the Green Party.
During its first term, the government pursued a number of reforms. The controversial Employment Contracts Act was repealed, replaced by an Employment Relations Act more friendly to unions and collective bargaining; a state-owned bank, Kiwibank, was created at the behest of the Alliance; a majority stake in the national airline, Air New Zealand, was purchased; and the public health sector was reorganised with the re-establishment of partly elected district health boards. Closing the Gaps, an affirmative action strategy targeting socio-economic inequalities between Māori and Pasifika ethnic groups and other groups, was a particularly controversial reform among right-wing National and ACT voters.
With the disintegration of the Alliance in 2002, Helen Clark called a snap election, even though she still had the confidence of the House. Labour handily won the election. The Alliance failed to return to parliament, although a rump returned as Jim Anderton's Progressives. Labour formed a coalition with the Progressives, and turned to the centrist United Future party for confidence and supply. This second term was notable largely for its social and constitutional legislation, with the Government establishing a Supreme Court and ending appeals to the Privy Council, decriminalising prostitution, and providing for civil unions, the latter two changes in particular supported by the Green Party and opposed by United Future. The Government was also faced in this term with the foreshore and seabed controversy. While Labour, in cooperation with the New Zealand First party, eventually resolved the legal dispute by vesting foreshore and seabed title in the Crown, a dissident Labour minister, Tariana Turia, formed the Māori Party, while on the other side of the spectrum a resurgent National Party, now under former Reserve Bank governor Don Brash, became considerably more popular. In the 2005 election, the Government was returned with a slim margin on the strength of the Working for Families assistance package and financial assistance to students, benefiting also from mistakes in National's campaign.
Helen Clark moved even more to the centre, enlisting support for her Government from both New Zealand First and United Future. Almost immediately, the Government parties became involved in a protracted funding scandal, having apparently used public money for party political purposes during the election campaign. A heavy-handed attempt at campaign finance reform later in this term also harmed the Government, which by now appeared tired and at a loss for direction, although it did succeed in implementing a wide range of social and economic reforms during its time in office.
In a 2000 feature article "Siege of Helengrad", The Australian newspaper wrote that Clark's "uncompromisingly autocratic and pervasive leadership has seen New Zealand dubbed Helengrad". In January 2008, the term 'Helengrad', "a noun used to describe the iron grip of New Zealand's prime minister over Wellington", was reported as having made Australia's Macquarie online dictionary among 85 other new words.
In the 2008 election, the Labour Party lost convincingly to National, and the government was succeeded by the National Party led by John Key as Prime Minister.
Significant policies
Economic
Created Kiwibank as part of coalition agreement with the Alliance (2001).
Created the New Zealand Superannuation Fund (2001);
KiwiSaver retirement savings scheme (2007);
Purchased a majority stake in Air New Zealand (2001);
Renationalised New Zealand's national rail network (Under ONTRACK) (2004), and in 2008 the rail and ferry operations of Toll New Zealand (renamed KiwiRail). KiwiRail and ONTRACK were then merged into one organisation;
Buy Kiwi Made campaign (2007);
Telecommunications industry reform, particularly local loop unbundling (2007).
Increased top income tax rate to 39% (2000).
Company and personal income tax cuts under the 2008 New Zealand budget.
Began the Crown Retail Deposit Guarantee Scheme, deposit insurance for New Zealand financial institutions during the Great Recession (2008).
Constitutional
Established the Supreme Court of New Zealand, replacing appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (2004).
Constitutional Inquiry into the Constitution of New Zealand.
Passed the Electoral Finance Act to reform electoral spending and regulate electoral advertising (2007).
Treaty of Waitangi
New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy; passed the Foreshore and Seabed Act (2004).
Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011
Treaty settlements:
Aspects of the Clark-led governments actions in relation to the Treaty of Waitangi is shown through settlements.
Treaty 2U exhibition funding
New Zealand School Curriculum launch
Moriori heritage and Identity preservation
Te Arawa Apology
Te Uri O Hau
Waitangi Day Commemorative Fund
Fisheries Scholarship
Social policy
Within 3 weeks of taking office, the government had announced an increase in the minimum wage, removed the interest on student loans for full-time and low-income students while they were still studying, announced the reversal of accident compensation deregulation, and introduced legislation to increase taxation for those on higher incomes.
Introduced paid parental leave of 12 weeks (2001), increasing to 14 weeks by the end of the government.
The Working for Families package was introduced in 2004, which significantly improved social welfare assistance for low-income families and contributed to a reduction in child poverty from 28% in 2004 to 22% in 2007.
The wage-related floor of the state pension was restored.
The Housing Restructuring Amendment Bill (2000) provided for income-related rents and set them at 25% of household income making community housing much more affordable than it had become under the previous Government's market rental strategy.
Equity Funding was introduced (2002), which provided additional funding to community-based ECE services most in need.
Research funding was increased.
The New Zealand Transport Strategy (released in December 2002) provided increased funding for initiatives to promote the use of buses, trains, cycling and walking.
The minimum wage was increased by more than 5% each year (well above the rate of inflation) during the labour-led government's second term.
The Health and Safety in Employment Amendment Act (2002) served to make the principal Act more comprehensive by covering more industries and more conditions.
The ring-fencing of mental health money and the creation of more than 800 FTE mental health staff positions see this promise coded as fulfilled representing a 100% fulfilment rate for this policy area.
ICT was expanded to students in remote areas so they could receive specialist teaching.
Holidays Act 2003
The Holidays Act (2003) entitled employees to receive "time and a half" for working on any statutory holiday from 2004 onwards and provided for four weeks' annual leave from 2007 onwards. However in 2016 MBIE found problems with underpayments on holiday pay due to the complex act, which had not been resolved in 2021.
Passed the Prostitution Reform Act 2003
Passed the Property (Relationships) Act: treats de facto relationships the same as after the breakup of legal marriages, unless the individuals in the relationship contract out of the Act;
Civil Union Act 2004
Supported the Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007, which repealed and replaced section 59 of the Crimes Act 1961, which allowed "reasonable force" in the discipline of children.
National Statement on Religious Diversity (2007)
National Superannuation payments for married couples were increased (2000).
A Parental Tax Credit was introduced (2000).
A Child Tax Credit (which replaced the independent Family Tax Credit) was introduced (2000).
A Family Tax Credit (which was formerly the Guaranteed Minimum Family income) was introduced (2000).
A Modern Apprentices initiative was introduced to develop technological skills (2000).
The Family Start programme was expanded (2000).
Annual inflation to benefits was introduced (2000).
Closing the Gaps policy platform introduced (2000).
The Social Security Amendment Act of 2001 introduced various changes such as "disestablishment of the Community Wage, re-establishment of an unemployment benefit and non-work-tested sickness benefit, and the abolition of the work capacity assessment process".
The Social Security Amendment Act (2006) established three streams for reintegrating beneficiaries into the larger community. These included a work support stream for the unemployed, a work support development stream for most other beneficiaries, and a community support stream for a small group to be exempted from work, training or planning requirements.
Income-related rents for state-owned housing were restored (2000).
A social allocation system was introduced and implemented with the income-related rents scheme(2000).
Vacant sales were frozen and the Home Buy programme was ended (2000).
Bulk funding for schools was ended (2000).
Expenditure was increased, or newly allocated, for the reduction of attrition of students from school, tertiary education subsidies, Maori and Pacific peoples' teacher recruitment, and Homework Centres (2000).
Interest on student loans while students are studying was abolished, while the decision of the Fourth National Government to increase the student loan repayment rate was reversed (2000).
Interest on student loans abolished for borrowers who remain in New Zealand (or studying overseas).
Tertiary student fees were kept stable (2001).
Expenditure for early childhood education was increased (2001).
The National Certificate of Educational Achievement was established (2001).
New funding was provided for principals' leadership and professional development (2001).
An In Work Payment was introduced to replace the Child Tax Credit.
The ministries that handled work and income and those that did social policy were merged to create a new Ministry of Social Development (2001).
Health
Creation of district health boards (2000).
Dissolution of the Health Funding Authority, with its responsibilities given to the Ministry of Health and the district health boards.
Introduction of the Primary Health Care Strategy, moving primary care funding towards capitation ('bulk funding'), and away from fee-for-service funding (2001).
Environment
Royal Commission on Genetically Modified Organisms
Sandra Lee enacted the Local Government Act 2002 (New Zealand).
In 2002, the Climate Change Response Act 2002 was enacted in order to ratify Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC.
In September 2008, the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme was enacted through the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading) Amendment Act 2008.
National identity
Completed Establishing a fully New Zealand-based honours system (2000).
Foreign affairs
Signed free trade agreements with Brunei, Chile, China, Singapore, and Thailand.
Scrapped the combat wing of the Royal New Zealand Air Force.
Sent a detachment of SAS troops to the war in Afghanistan.
Sent troops to Solomon Islands as part of the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands
Sent troops to East Timor during the 2006 East Timorese crisis.
Sent troops and police to Tonga after the 2006 Nuku‘alofa riots.
Did not send combat troops to the Iraq War.
Launched Project Protector, to expand the Royal New Zealand Navy's capacity.
Launched free trade negotiations with South Korea and Japan.
See also: Foreign relations of New Zealand
Appointments
The following positions were appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Government:
Governor-General
The Hon. Dame Silvia Cartwright (2001–2006)
The Right Hon. Sir Anand Satyanand (2006–2011)
Supreme Court
With the creation of the Supreme Court of New Zealand in 2003, the government appointed the first full bench of the Court.
Chief Justice The Right Hon. Dame Sian Elias (1 July 2004)
Justice The Hon. Sir Thomas Gault (1 July 2004)
Justice The Hon. Sir Kenneth Keith (1 July 2004)
Justice The Hon. Sir Peter Blanchard (1 July 2004)
Justice The Hon. Sir Andrew Tipping (1 July 2004)
Justice The Hon. John McGrath (4 May 2005)
Justice The Hon. Sir Noel Crossley Anderson (21 February 2006)
Justice The Hon. Bill Wilson (21 December 2007)
Acting judges were also appointed from the retired judges of the Court of Appeal:
The Hon. Justice Sir John Henry
The Hon. Justice Sir Ted Thomas
Former President of the Court of Appeal Sir Ivor Richardson
Former Chief Justice Sir Thomas Eichelbaum.
Court of Appeal
The government appointed three presidents of the Court of Appeal of New Zealand:
The Right Hon. Sir William Young, KNZM 23 February 2006 – 1 July 2010
The Hon Sir Noel Crossley Anderson, KNZM 1 January 2004 – 23 February 2006
The Right Hon. Sir Thomas Gault, KNZM 24 May 2002 – 31 December 2003
History
1999 election
Main article: 1999 New Zealand general election
The Fifth Labour government was elected in the 1999 general election, after entering a coalition with the Alliance Party and a confidence and supply agreement with the Green Party. Labour managed to increase their percentage of the votes by 10.5% and won 12 more seats than in the 1996 election. With this coalition in place the Labour Party returned to government for the first time in nine years, and Helen Clark became New Zealand's first elected female prime minister. The 1999 election was Labour's first successful MMP election.
2002 election
Main article: 2002 New Zealand general electionThe 2002 election was held a few weeks before the Parliamentary term elapsed. This had only occurred twice before in New Zealand's political history, in 1951 and 1984. The Government cited the collapse of the Alliance Party, with whom they had entered a coalition in 1999, as the reason for the earlier date. The Alliance Party had split after Jim Anderton, their leader, left to form the Progressive Coalition Party. However, some critics believe that Labour could have continued to govern for the remaining few weeks. They say that the election was called early to capitalise on high opinion poll ratings before they could be undermined by a potential softening in the New Zealand economic performance.
After initial polls indicated Labour might win enough seats to govern alone, a feat that had never occurred under MMP in New Zealand, they won 41.3% of the vote and 52 seats. Although this was an improvement on their results in the 1999 election, it was not enough to govern alone, and Labour entered a coalition with the Progressive Coalition Party, and a confidence and supply agreement with United Future. Labour's success was highlighted by the National Party's demise, as they accrued a record low 20.9% of the vote.
2005 election
Main article: 2005 New Zealand general election
After initial doubt as to what date the election would be held, 17 September was the chosen day. After falling behind National in the initial opinion polls, Labour fought back to obtain 41.1% of the vote. Although this was a 0.2% decrease from the previous election, it still saw them sit ahead of National by 2%. The 2005 election saw a dramatic fall in the success of the minor parties. New Zealand First and United Future each won less than half of the percentage of total votes they achieved in 2002. In order to reach the required majority, Labour entered confidence and supply agreements with New Zealand First and United Future. This was in addition to a coalition agreement with the Progressive Coalition Party, of whom only Jim Anderton obtained a seat.
The newly formed Maori Party accrued four seats. After only being formed in 2004 as a result of the controversial Foreshore and Seabed Act, they oversaw a successful campaign based on a critical assessment of Labour's record with Maori issues. Their success was highlighted by the decline of ACT New Zealand, who won two seats, and the Progressive Coalition and United Future, who each won only a single seat.
Election results
The table below shows the total party votes for Labour and parties that supported the Labour-led government. For more details of election results, see the election articles.
Election
Parliament
Seats
Total votes
Percentage
Gain (loss)
Seats won
Change
Majority
1999
46th
120
1,066,618
51.64%
-
66
-
6
2002
47th
120
1,150,911
56.65%
+5.01%
69
+3
9
2005
48th
121
1,152,735
50.65%
-6.00%
61
-8
1
Notes
Following the 1999 election, Labour formed a coalition with the Alliance Party, and gained support on matters of confidence and supply from the Greens.
Following the 2002 election, Labour formed a coalition with the Progressive Party, and gained support on matters of confidence and supply from United Future. The Greens also entered into a formal agreement with the government, but it was not as strong as the agreements covering confidence and supply it made in the preceding and following parliaments.
Following the 2005 election, Labour formed a coalition with the Progressive Party, and gained support on matters of confidence and supply from New Zealand First and United Future, giving the Labour-led Government a majority. The Greens signed an agreement to abstain on votes of confidence and supply, and the Māori Party also abstained on confidence and supply votes but had no formal agreement with the Government.
Prime minister
Helen Clark, prime minister from 1999 to 2008
Helen Clark was Prime Minister from when the government was elected in 1999 until it was defeated by the National Party in the 2008 elections.
Cabinet Ministers
Main article: Cabinet of New Zealand
Portfolio
Minister
Party
Start
End
Prime Minister
Helen Clark
Labour
10 December 1999
19 November 2008
Deputy Prime Minister
Jim Anderton
Alliance
10 December 1999
15 August 2002
Michael Cullen
Labour
15 August 2002
19 November 2008
Minister of Agriculture
Jim Sutton
Labour
10 December 1999
19 October 2005
Jim Anderton
Progressive
19 October 2005
19 November 2008
Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage
Helen Clark
Labour
10 December 1999
19 November 2008
Attorney-General
Margaret Wilson
Labour
10 December 1999
28 February 2005
Michael Cullen
Labour
28 February 2005
19 October 2005
David Parker
Labour
19 October 2005
20 March 2006
Michael Cullen
Labour
21 March 2006
19 November 2008
Minister of Broadcasting
Marian Hobbs
Labour
10 December 1999
23 February 2001
Steve Maharey
Labour
23 February 2001
27 March 2001
Marian Hobbs
Labour
27 March 2001
15 August 2002
David Cunliffe
Labour
15 August 2002
19 November 2008
Minister for Civil Defence
George Hawkins
Labour
10 December 1999
19 October 2005
Rick Barker
Labour
19 October 2005
19 November 2008
Minister of Commerce
Paul Swain
Labour
10 December 1999
15 August 2002
Lianne Dalziel
Labour
15 August 2002
21 February 2004
Margaret Wilson
Labour
21 February 2004
21 December 2004
Pete Hodgson
Labour
21 December 2004
19 October 2005
Lianne Dalziel
Labour
19 October 2005
19 November 2008
Minister of Conservation
Sandra Lee
Alliance
10 December 1999
15 August 2002
Chris Carter
Labour
15 August 2002
31 October 2007
Steve Chadwick
Labour
31 October 2007
19 November 2008
Minister of Consumer Affairs
Phillida Bunkle
Alliance
10 December 1999
23 February 2001
Jim Anderton
Alliance
23 February 2001
15 August 2002
Judith Tizard
Labour
15 August 2002
19 November 2008
Minister of Corrections
Matt Robson
Alliance
10 December 1999
15 August 2002
Mark Gosche
Labour
15 August 2002
19 May 2003
Paul Swain
Labour
19 May 2003
19 October 2005
Damien O'Connor
Labour
19 October 2005
2 November 2007
Phil Goff
Labour
2 November 2007
19 November 2008
Minister of Customs
Phillida Bunkle
Alliance
10 December 1999
23 February 2001
Jim Anderton
Alliance
23 February 2001
15 August 2002
Rick Barker
Labour
15 August 2002
19 October 2005
Nanaia Mahuta
Labour
19 October 2005
19 November 2008
Minister of Defence
Mark Burton
Labour
10 December 1999
19 October 2005
Phil Goff
Labour
19 October 2005
19 November 2008
Minister of Economic Development
Jim Anderton
Alliance
10 December 1999
19 October 2005
Trevor Mallard
Labour
19 October 2005
2 November 2007
Pete Hodgson
Labour
2 November 2007
19 November 2008
Minister of Education
Trevor Mallard
Labour
10 December 1999
19 October 2005
Steve Maharey
Labour
19 October 2005
31 October 2007
Chris Carter
Labour
31 October 2007
19 November 2008
Minister of Energy
Pete Hodgson
Labour
10 December 1999
21 December 2004
Trevor Mallard
Labour
21 December 2004
19 October 2005
David Parker
Labour
19 October 2005
21 March 2006
Trevor Mallard
Labour
21 March 2006
3 May 2006
David Parker
Labour
3 May 2006
19 November 2008
Minister for the Environment
Marian Hobbs
Labour
10 December 1999
19 October 2005
David Benson-Pope
Labour
19 October 2005
27 July 2007
Trevor Mallard
Labour
27 July 2007
19 November 2008
Minister of Finance
Michael Cullen
Labour
10 December 1999
19 November 2008
Minister of Fisheries
Pete Hodgson
Labour
10 December 1999
26 February 2004
David Benson-Pope
Labour
26 February 2004
19 October 2005
Jim Anderton
Progressive
19 October 2005
19 November 2008
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Phil Goff
Labour
10 December 1999
19 October 2005
Winston Peters
NZ First
19 October 2005
29 August 2008
Helen Clark
Labour
29 August 2008
19 November 2008
Minister of Forestry
Pete Hodgson
Labour
10 December 1999
15 August 2002
Parekura Horomia
Labour
15 August 2002
19 October 2005
Jim Anderton
Progressive
19 October 2005
19 November 2008
Minister of Health
Annette King
Labour
10 December 1999
19 October 2005
Pete Hodgson
Labour
19 October 2005
31 October 2007
David Cunliffe
Labour
31 October 2007
19 November 2008
Minister of Housing
Mark Gosche
Labour
10 December 1999
12 May 2003
Steve Maharey
Labour
12 May 2003
19 October 2005
Chris Carter
Labour
19 October 2005
5 November 2007
Maryan Street
Labour
5 November 2007
19 November 2008
Minister of Immigration
Lianne Dalziel
Labour
10 December 1999
21 February 2004
Paul Swain
Labour
21 February 2004
19 October 2005
David Cunliffe
Labour
19 October 2005
11 November 2007
Clayton Cosgrove
Labour
11 November 2007
19 November 2008
Minister of Internal Affairs
Mark Burton
Labour
10 December 1999
13 November 2000
George Hawkins
Labour
13 November 2000
19 October 2005
Rick Barker
Labour
19 October 2005
19 November 2008
Minister of Justice
Phil Goff
Labour
10 December 1999
19 October 2005
Mark Burton
Labour
19 October 2005
31 October 2007
Annette King
Labour
31 October 2007
19 November 2008
Minister of Labour
Margaret Wilson
Labour
10 December 1999
26 February 2004
Paul Swain
Labour
26 February 2004
19 October 2005
Ruth Dyson
Labour
19 October 2005
5 November 2007
Trevor Mallard
Labour
5 November 2007
19 November 2008
Leader of the House
Michael Cullen
Labour
10 December 1999
19 November 2008
Minister of Māori Affairs
Dover Samuels
Labour
10 December 1999
28 June 2000
Parekura Horomia
Labour
28 June 2000
19 November 2008
Minister of Local Government
Sandra Lee
Alliance
10 December 1999
15 August 2002
Chris Carter
Labour
15 August 2002
19 October 2005
Nanaia Mahuta
Labour
19 October 2005
19 November 2008
Minister of Police
George Hawkins
Labour
10 December 1999
19 October 2005
Annette King
Labour
19 October 2005
19 November 2008
Minister of Revenue
Michael Cullen
Labour
10 December 1999
19 October 2005
Peter Dunne
United Future
19 October 2005
19 November 2008
Minister for Social Welfare
Steve Maharey
Labour
10 December 1999
19 October 2005
David Benson-Pope
Labour
19 October 2005
27 July 2007
Steve Maharey
Labour
27 July 2007
31 October 2007
Ruth Dyson
Labour
31 October 2007
19 November 2008
Minister for Sport
Trevor Mallard
Labour
10 December 1999
31 October 2007
Clayton Cosgrove
Labour
31 October 2007
19 November 2008
Minister for State Owned Enterprises
Mark Burton
Labour
10 December 1999
21 December 2004
Paul Swain
Labour
21 December 2004
19 October 2005
Trevor Mallard
Labour
19 October 2005
19 November 2008
Minister of Statistics
Paul Swain
Labour
10 December 1999
13 November 2000
Laila Harré
Alliance
13 November 2000
15 August 2002
John Tamihere
Labour
15 August 2002
15 October 2004
Michael Cullen
Labour
15 October 2004
21 December 2004
Pete Hodgson
Labour
21 December 2004
19 October 2005
Clayton Cosgrove
Labour
19 October 2005
5 November 2007
Darren Hughes
Labour
5 November 2007
19 November 2008
Minister of Tourism
Mark Burton
Labour
10 December 1999
19 October 2005
Damien O'Connor
Labour
19 October 2005
19 November 2008
Minister of Trade
Jim Sutton
Labour
15 August 2002
19 October 2005
Phil Goff
Labour
19 October 2005
19 November 2008
Minister of Transport
Mark Gosche
Labour
10 December 1999
15 August 2002
Paul Swain
Labour
15 August 2002
26 February 2004
Pete Hodgson
Labour
26 February 2004
19 October 2005
David Parker
Labour
19 October 2005
21 March 2006
Annette King
Labour
21 March 2006
19 November 2008
Treasurer
Michael Cullen
Labour
10 December 1999
19 November 2008
Minister for Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations
Margaret Wilson
Labour
10 December 1999
28 February 2005
Mark Burton
Labour
28 February 2005
31 October 2007
Michael Cullen
Labour
31 October 2007
19 November 2008
Minister for Women
Laila Harré
Alliance
10 December 1999
15 August 2002
Ruth Dyson
Labour
15 August 2002
19 October 2005
Lianne Dalziel
Labour
19 October 2005
5 November 2007
Steve Chadwick
Labour
5 November 2007
19 November 2008
References
^ Piercy, Gemma; Mackness, Kate; Rarere, Moana; Madley, Brendan (2017). "Investigating commentary on the fifth Labour-led government's Third Way approach" (PDF). New Zealand Sociology. 32 (1): 51–75 – via University of Waikato Research Commons.
^ Humpage, Louise (2006). "An 'inclusive' society: a 'leap forward' for Maori in New Zealand?". Critical Social Policy 26 (1): 220–242.
^ "The state of our nation 1999–2007 – some facts" (Press release). New Zealand Government. 30 January 2007. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Dore, Christoper (21 October 2000). "Siege of Helengrad". Weekend Australian. Australia. p. 25.
^ James, Colin (August 2003). "A farm girl, discipline and her helicopter". Management Magazine. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2008.
^ Squires, Nick (10 January 2008). "Australians add new words to dictionary". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
^ "Income tax rates". 8 October 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
^ "Budget 2008 – Tax Changes". 22 May 2008. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
^ "PM welcomes fisheries scholarship | Beehive.govt.nz". www.beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
^ "New Zealand School Curriculum launch | Beehive.govt.nz". www.beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
^ "More Funding for the Treaty 2U exhibition | Beehive.govt.nz". www.beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
^ "PM gives formal apology to Te Arawa | Beehive.govt.nz". www.beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
^ "Formal apology to Te Uri O Hau | Beehive.govt.nz". www.beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
^ "Waitangi Day commemorative fund | Beehive.govt.nz". www.beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
^ PM welcomes fisheries scholarship. 2001. Retrieved from:https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/pm-welcomes-fisheries-scholarship
^ Keith Sinclair (1959). A History of New Zealand.
^ Katherine Forbes. "Paid Parental Leave Under (New) Labour". Social Policy Journal of New Zealand (34).
^ "Child Poverty Monitor: Technical Report". Child Poverty Monitor. 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
^ Alison McClelland & Susan St. John (2006). "Social policy responses to globalisation in Australia and New Zealand, 1980–2005" (PDF). Australian Journal of Political Science. 41 (2): 177–191. doi:10.1080/10361140600672428. S2CID 153508078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2011.
^ a b c d e f g h Nathan P. McClusky (2008). A Policy of Honesty: Election Manifesto Pledge Fulfilment in New Zealand 1972–2005 (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Canterbury.
^ "Timeline". Labour History Project. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
^ The Post (Wellington) 23 February 2021 page 18
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Stephen McTaggart (December 2005). "Monitoring the Impact of Social Policy, 1980–2001: Report on Significant Policy Events" (PDF). Occasional Paper Series, Resource Report 1. Social Policy Evaluation and Research Committee (SPEAR). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
^ Cullen, Michael (2000). "Budget Speech and Fiscal Strategy Report 2000" (PDF). The New Zealand Treasury.
^ a b c Jane Silloway Smith (1 August 2010). "Looking Back to Look Forward: How welfare in New Zealand has evolved". Maxim Institute. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
^ ""Interest-free" student loans for borrowers living in New Zealand". IRD. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
^ "The Kyoto Protocol". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 16 July 2007. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
^ "Singapore signs Free Trade Agreement with New Zealand". History SG. 13 November 2000.
^ Chapman, Paul. "New Zealand scraps air force warplanes". The Telegraph. 9 May 2001.
^ Brooker, Jarrod (27 May 2006). "NZ forces on way to East Timor". New Zealand Herald.
^ Young, Audrey. "Joint task force in Tonga this afternoon". New Zealand Herald. 18 November 2006.
^ "NZ refused to send troops to Iraq for war 'it didn't believe in'". TVNZ. 7 July 2016.
^ a b c Alvey, James (2000). "The 1999 Election in New Zealand". Review – Institute of Public Affairs 52. 1: 17–18.
^ "Helen Clark | NZHistory, New Zealand history online". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
^ a b c d e Geddis, Andrew (2004). "The General Election in New Zealand, July 2002". Electoral Studies. 23 (1): 149–55. doi:10.1016/s0261-3794(03)00036-2.
^ "Our Elections Through History". New Zealand Parliament. 20 July 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
^ Vowles, Jack (2005). Gallagher, Michael; Mitchell, Paul (eds.). The Politics of Electoral Systems. New York, United States: Oxford University Press. p. 303.
^ a b c d e Geddis, Andrew (2006). "The General Election in New Zealand, September 2005". Electoral Studies. 25 (4): 809–14. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2005.12.005.
^ a b "Research papers". Retrieved 24 May 2018.
^ "Government and Greens sign formal co-operation agreement". New Zealand Government. 26 August 2002. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
Further reading
Boston, Jonathan. Left Turn: The New Zealand general election of 1999 (Victoria U.P, 2000)
Boston, Jonathan; et al. (2004). New Zealand Votes: The 2002 General Election. Victoria University Press. ISBN 9780864734686.
Harvey, John; Edwards, John (2019). Annette King: The Authorised Biography. Auckland: Upstart Press. ISBN 978-1-988516-37-0.
Levine, Stephen and Nigel S. Roberts, eds. The Baubles of Office: The New Zealand General Election of 2005 (Victoria U.P, 2007)
Levine, Stephen and Nigel S. Roberts, eds. Key to Victory: The New Zealand General Election of 2008 (Victoria U.P, 2010)
Welch, Denis. Helen Clark: A Political Life (2009) 240pp
vteFifth Labour Government of New ZealandLeadershipPrime Minister
Helen Clark
Deputy Prime Minister
Jim Anderton (1999–2002)
Michael Cullen (2002–2008)
Political parties
Labour Party (Main)
Alliance
Progressive
United Future
Greens
NZ First
MinistersCabinet
Helen Clark
Jim Anderton
Michael Cullen
Jim Sutton
Margaret Wilson
David Parker
Marian Hobbs
Steve Maharey
David Cunliffe
George Hawkins
Rick Barker
Paul Swain
Lianne Dalziel
Margaret Wilson
Pete Hodgson
Sandra Lee
Chris Carter
Steve Chadwick
Phillida Bunkle
Judith Tizard
Matt Robson
Mark Gosche
Damien O'Connor
Phil Goff
Phillida Bunkle
Nanaia Mahuta
Mark Burton
Trevor Mallard
David Benson-Pope
Winston Peters
Parekura Horomia
Annette King
Maryan Street
Clayton Cosgrove
Ruth Dyson
Dover Samuels
Peter Dunne
Laila Harré
John Tamihere
Darren Hughes
Non-CabinetLabour Party
Alliance
Jim Anderton
Progressive
Jim Anderton
United Future
Peter Dunne
NZ First
Winston Peters
Parliamentary leadershipSpeaker of the House
Jonathan Hunt (1999–2005)
Margaret Wilson (2005–2008)
Leader of the House
Michael Cullen
Chief Government Whip
Rick Barker (1999–2002)
David Benson-Pope (2002–2004)
Jill Pettis (2004–2005)
Tim Barnett (2005–2008)
Elections (parliaments)
1999 (46th)
2002 (47th)
2005 (48th)
2008 (defeated)
Significant policies and events
Creation of Kiwibank
New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy
Other officesGovernor-General
Sir Michael Hardie Boys (1999–2001)
Dame Silvia Cartwright (2001–2006)
Sir Anand Satyanand (2006–2008)
Chief Justice
Sir Thomas Eichelbaum (1989–1999)
Dame Sian Elias (1999–2019)
Leader of the Opposition(National Party)
Jenny Shipley (1999–2001)
Bill English (2001–2003)
Don Brash (2003–2006)
John Key (2006–2008)
1999–2008
← Fourth National Government
Fifth National Government →
vteGovernments of New Zealand Executives without power
Fitzgerald
Forsaith
Responsible government
Sewell
Fox (first)
Stafford (first)
Fox (second)
Domett
Whitaker–Fox
Weld
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Fox (third)
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Fourth Labour (1984–1990)
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Fifth Labour (1999–2008)
Fifth National (2008–2017)
Sixth Labour (2017–2023)
First term (2017–2020)
Second term (2020–2023)
Sixth National (Current)
vteNew Zealand Labour PartyLeadershipLeadersNames in bold served as prime minister
Alfred Hindmarsh (1916–18)
Harry Holland (1919–33)
Michael Joseph Savage (1933–40)
Peter Fraser (1940–50)
Walter Nash (1950–63)
Arnold Nordmeyer (1963–65)
Norman Kirk (1965–74)
Bill Rowling (1974–83)
David Lange (1983–89)
Geoffrey Palmer (1989–90)
Mike Moore (1990–93)
Helen Clark (1993–2008)
Phil Goff (2008–11)
David Shearer (2011–13)
David Cunliffe (2013–14)
Andrew Little (2014–17)
Jacinda Ardern (2017–23)
Chris Hipkins (2023–present)
Deputy leaders
James McCombs (1919–23)
Michael Joseph Savage (1923–33)
Peter Fraser (1933–40)
Walter Nash (1940–51)
Jerry Skinner (1951–62)
Fred Hackett (1962–63)
Hugh Watt (1963–74)
Bob Tizard (1974–79)
David Lange (1979–83)
Geoffrey Palmer (1983–89)
Helen Clark (1989–93)
David Caygill (1993–96)
Michael Cullen (1996–2008)
Annette King (2008–11)
Grant Robertson (2011–13)
David Parker (2013–14)
Annette King (2014–17)
Jacinda Ardern (2017)
Kelvin Davis (2017–23)
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John Archer (1928–29)
Jim Thorn (1929–31)
Rex Mason (1931–32)
Bill Jordan (1932–33)
Frank Langstone (1933–34)
Tim Armstrong (1934–35)
Walter Nash (1935–36)
Clyde Carr (1936–37)
James Roberts (1937–50)
Arnold Nordmeyer (1950–55)
Mick Moohan (1955–60)
Martyn Finlay (1960–64)
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Phil Connolly (1951–52)
Joe Cotterill (1952–58)
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Ron Barclay (1972–76)
Roger Drayton (1976–78)
Russell Marshall (1978–80)
Jonathan Hunt (1980–84)
Michael Cullen (1984–87)
Margaret Austin (1987–90)
Trevor Mallard (1990)
Jonathan Hunt (1990–96)
Mark Burton (1996–99)
Rick Barker (1999–2002)
David Benson-Pope (2002–04)
Jill Pettis (2004–05)
Tim Barnett (2005–08)
Darren Hughes (2008–11)
Rick Barker (2011)
Chris Hipkins (2011–13)
Sue Moroney (2013–14)
Chris Hipkins (2014–16)
Kris Faafoi (2016–17)
Ruth Dyson (2017–19)
Michael Wood (2019–20)
Kieran McAnulty (2020–22)
Duncan Webb (2022–23)
Tangi Utikere (2023–present)
OrganisationCurrent members of parliamentNames without electorates are list MPs(List of former MPs)
Leader: Chris Hipkins (Remutaka)
Deputy Leader: Carmel Sepuloni (Kelston)
Ginny Andersen
Camilla Belich
Glen Bennett
Rachel Boyack (Nelson)
Rachel Brooking (Dunedin)
Reuben Davidson (Christchurch East)
Barbara Edmonds (Mana)
Shanan Halbert
Peeni Henare
Willie Jackson
Ingrid Leary (Taieri)
Jo Luxton
Kieran McAnulty
Tracey McLellan
Damien O'Connor
Greg O'Connor (Ōhāriu)
David Parker
Willow-Jean Prime
Priyanca Radhakrishnan
Adrian Rurawhe
Deborah Russell
Jenny Salesa (Panmure-Ōtāhuhu)
Lemauga Lydia Sosene (Māngere)
Cushla Tangaere-Manuel (Ikaroa-Rāwhiti)
Jan Tinetti
Phil Twyford (Te Atatū)
Tangi Utikere (Palmerston North)
Ayesha Verrall
Duncan Webb (Christchurch Central)
Helen White (Mount Albert)
Arena Williams (Manurewa)
Megan Woods (Wigram)
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HistoryHistory and related topics
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It's Time
Citizens for Rowling
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Rogernomics
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Predecessor parties
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vteHelen ClarkBorn (1950-02-26) 26 February 1950 (age 74)Administrator of the UN Development Programme (2009–2017) • Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008) • Leader of the Labour Party (1993–2008) • Member of Parliament for Mount Albert (1981–2009)Premiership
1999–2008
Elections
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
Leadership elections
1993
1996
Ideology
Closing the Gaps
Working for Families
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|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"government of New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_governments"},{"link_name":"Labour Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party"},{"link_name":"Helen Clark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Clark"},{"link_name":"Jim Anderton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Anderton"},{"link_name":"Alliance Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_(New_Zealand_political_party)"}],"text":"The Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand was the government of New Zealand from 10 December 1999 to 19 November 2008. Labour Party leader Helen Clark negotiated a coalition with Jim Anderton, leader of the Alliance Party. While undertaking a number of substantial reforms, it was not particularly radical compared to previous Labour governments.","title":"Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"fourth National government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Helen Clark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Clark"},{"link_name":"Labour Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party"},{"link_name":"House of Representatives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives"},{"link_name":"minority","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_government"},{"link_name":"coalition government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_government"},{"link_name":"Alliance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_(New_Zealand_political_party)"},{"link_name":"Green Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Party_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Employment Relations Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employment_Relations_Act_2000"},{"link_name":"Kiwibank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwibank"},{"link_name":"Air New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"district health boards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_health_board"},{"link_name":"Closing the Gaps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closing_the_Gaps"},{"link_name":"affirmative action","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action"},{"link_name":"Māori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people"},{"link_name":"Pasifika","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders"},{"link_name":"National","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party"},{"link_name":"ACT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACT_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-2"},{"link_name":"snap election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"confidence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_(politics)"},{"link_name":"Progressives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Party_(New_Zealand)"},{"link_name":"centrist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrism"},{"link_name":"United Future","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Future"},{"link_name":"confidence and supply","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_and_supply"},{"link_name":"Supreme Court","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Privy Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council"},{"link_name":"prostitution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution"},{"link_name":"civil unions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_union"},{"link_name":"foreshore and seabed controversy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_foreshore_and_seabed_controversy"},{"link_name":"New Zealand First","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_First"},{"link_name":"the Crown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crown"},{"link_name":"Tariana Turia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariana_Turia"},{"link_name":"Don Brash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Brash"},{"link_name":"2005 election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"attempt at campaign finance reform","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_Finance_Act"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"The Australian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Australian"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Macquarie online dictionary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macquarie_online_dictionary"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"2008 election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"John Key","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Key"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand"}],"text":"The previous government, the fourth National government, had been in power since 1990. It was widely unpopular by 1999, with much of the public antagonised by a series of free-market economic reforms, and was bedevilled by weakness and instability. In the 1999 general election, the Helen Clark-led Labour Party defeated the National Party easily, becoming the largest single party in the House of Representatives. Labour formed a minority coalition government with the left-leaning Alliance party, supported by the Green Party.During its first term, the government pursued a number of reforms. The controversial Employment Contracts Act was repealed, replaced by an Employment Relations Act more friendly to unions and collective bargaining; a state-owned bank, Kiwibank, was created at the behest of the Alliance; a majority stake in the national airline, Air New Zealand, was purchased; and the public health sector was reorganised with the re-establishment of partly elected district health boards. Closing the Gaps, an affirmative action strategy targeting socio-economic inequalities between Māori and Pasifika ethnic groups and other groups, was a particularly controversial reform among right-wing National and ACT voters.[1][2]With the disintegration of the Alliance in 2002, Helen Clark called a snap election, even though she still had the confidence of the House. Labour handily won the election. The Alliance failed to return to parliament, although a rump returned as Jim Anderton's Progressives. Labour formed a coalition with the Progressives, and turned to the centrist United Future party for confidence and supply. This second term was notable largely for its social and constitutional legislation, with the Government establishing a Supreme Court and ending appeals to the Privy Council, decriminalising prostitution, and providing for civil unions, the latter two changes in particular supported by the Green Party and opposed by United Future. The Government was also faced in this term with the foreshore and seabed controversy. While Labour, in cooperation with the New Zealand First party, eventually resolved the legal dispute by vesting foreshore and seabed title in the Crown, a dissident Labour minister, Tariana Turia, formed the Māori Party, while on the other side of the spectrum a resurgent National Party, now under former Reserve Bank governor Don Brash, became considerably more popular. In the 2005 election, the Government was returned with a slim margin on the strength of the Working for Families assistance package and financial assistance to students, benefiting also from mistakes in National's campaign.Helen Clark moved even more to the centre, enlisting support for her Government from both New Zealand First and United Future. Almost immediately, the Government parties became involved in a protracted funding scandal, having apparently used public money for party political purposes during the election campaign. A heavy-handed attempt at campaign finance reform later in this term also harmed the Government, which by now appeared tired and at a loss for direction, although it did succeed in implementing a wide range of social and economic reforms during its time in office.[3][4]In a 2000 feature article \"Siege of Helengrad\",[5] The Australian newspaper wrote that Clark's \"uncompromisingly autocratic and pervasive leadership has seen New Zealand dubbed Helengrad\".[6] In January 2008, the term 'Helengrad', \"a noun used to describe the iron grip of New Zealand's prime minister over Wellington\", was reported as having made Australia's Macquarie online dictionary among 85 other new words.[7]In the 2008 election, the Labour Party lost convincingly to National, and the government was succeeded by the National Party led by John Key as Prime Minister.","title":"Overview"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Significant policies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kiwibank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwibank"},{"link_name":"New Zealand Superannuation Fund","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Superannuation_Fund"},{"link_name":"KiwiSaver","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KiwiSaver"},{"link_name":"Air New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"national rail network","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"ONTRACK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Railways_Corporation"},{"link_name":"Toll New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"KiwiRail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KiwiRail"},{"link_name":"Buy Kiwi Made","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buy_Kiwi_Made"},{"link_name":"local loop unbundling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_loop_unbundling"},{"link_name":"income tax rate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxation_in_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tax_changes_1-8"},{"link_name":"2008 New Zealand budget","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_New_Zealand_budget"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tax_changes_2-9"},{"link_name":"Crown Retail Deposit Guarantee Scheme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Retail_Deposit_Guarantee_Scheme"},{"link_name":"Great Recession","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Recession"}],"sub_title":"Economic","text":"Created Kiwibank as part of coalition agreement with the Alliance (2001).\nCreated the New Zealand Superannuation Fund (2001);\nKiwiSaver retirement savings scheme (2007);\nPurchased a majority stake in Air New Zealand (2001);\nRenationalised New Zealand's national rail network (Under ONTRACK) (2004), and in 2008 the rail and ferry operations of Toll New Zealand (renamed KiwiRail). KiwiRail and ONTRACK were then merged into one organisation;\nBuy Kiwi Made campaign (2007);\nTelecommunications industry reform, particularly local loop unbundling (2007).\nIncreased top income tax rate to 39% (2000).[8]\nCompany and personal income tax cuts under the 2008 New Zealand budget.[9]\nBegan the Crown Retail Deposit Guarantee Scheme, deposit insurance for New Zealand financial institutions during the Great Recession (2008).","title":"Significant policies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Supreme Court of New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Judicial Committee of the Privy Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council"},{"link_name":"Constitution of New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Electoral Finance Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_Finance_Bill"}],"sub_title":"Constitutional","text":"Established the Supreme Court of New Zealand, replacing appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (2004).\nConstitutional Inquiry into the Constitution of New Zealand.\nPassed the Electoral Finance Act to reform electoral spending and regulate electoral advertising (2007).","title":"Significant policies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_foreshore_and_seabed_controversy"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"sub_title":"Treaty of Waitangi","text":"New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy; passed the Foreshore and Seabed Act (2004).\nMarine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011Treaty settlements:Aspects of the Clark-led governments actions in relation to the Treaty of Waitangi is shown through settlements.Treaty 2U exhibition funding[10]\nNew Zealand School Curriculum launch[11]\nMoriori heritage and Identity preservation[12]\nTe Arawa Apology[13]\nTe Uri O Hau[14]\nWaitangi Day Commemorative Fund[15]\nFisheries Scholarship[16]","title":"Significant policies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Working for Families","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_for_Families"},{"link_name":"child poverty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_poverty"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-thesis-21"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-thesis-21"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-thesis-21"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-thesis-21"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-thesis-21"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-thesis-21"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-thesis-21"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-thesis-21"},{"link_name":"Holidays Act 2003","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holidays_Act_2003"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"MBIE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBIE"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Prostitution Reform Act 2003","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution_in_New_Zealand#Prostitution_Reform_Act_2003"},{"link_name":"Civil Union Act 2004","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Union_Act_2004"},{"link_name":"Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_Discipline_Bill"},{"link_name":"National Statement on Religious Diversity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Statement_on_Religious_Diversity"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"Closing the Gaps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closing_the_Gaps"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Maxim-26"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Spear-24"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Maxim-26"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Maxim-26"}],"sub_title":"Social policy","text":"Within 3 weeks of taking office, the government had announced an increase in the minimum wage, removed the interest on student loans for full-time and low-income students while they were still studying, announced the reversal of accident compensation deregulation, and introduced legislation to increase taxation for those on higher incomes.[17]\nIntroduced paid parental leave of 12 weeks (2001), increasing to 14 weeks by the end of the government.[18]\nThe Working for Families package was introduced in 2004, which significantly improved social welfare assistance for low-income families and contributed to a reduction in child poverty from 28% in 2004 to 22% in 2007.[19]\nThe wage-related floor of the state pension was restored.[20]\nThe Housing Restructuring Amendment Bill (2000) provided for income-related rents and set them at 25% of household income making community housing much more affordable than it had become under the previous Government's market rental strategy.[21]\nEquity Funding was introduced (2002), which provided additional funding to community-based ECE services most in need.[21]\nResearch funding was increased.[21]\nThe New Zealand Transport Strategy (released in December 2002) provided increased funding for initiatives to promote the use of buses, trains, cycling and walking.[21]\nThe minimum wage was increased by more than 5% each year (well above the rate of inflation) during the labour-led government's second term.[21]\nThe Health and Safety in Employment Amendment Act (2002) served to make the principal Act more comprehensive by covering more industries and more conditions.[21]\nThe ring-fencing of mental health money and the creation of more than 800 FTE mental health staff positions see this promise coded as fulfilled representing a 100% fulfilment rate for this policy area.[21]\nICT was expanded to students in remote areas so they could receive specialist teaching.[21]\nHolidays Act 2003The Holidays Act (2003) entitled employees to receive \"time and a half\" for working on any statutory holiday from 2004 onwards and provided for four weeks' annual leave from 2007 onwards.[22] However in 2016 MBIE found problems with underpayments on holiday pay due to the complex act, which had not been resolved in 2021.[23]Passed the Prostitution Reform Act 2003\nPassed the Property (Relationships) Act: treats de facto relationships the same as after the breakup of legal marriages, unless the individuals in the relationship contract out of the Act;\nCivil Union Act 2004\nSupported the Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007, which repealed and replaced section 59 of the Crimes Act 1961, which allowed \"reasonable force\" in the discipline of children.\nNational Statement on Religious Diversity (2007)\nNational Superannuation payments for married couples were increased (2000).[24]\nA Parental Tax Credit was introduced (2000).[24]\nA Child Tax Credit (which replaced the independent Family Tax Credit) was introduced (2000).[24]\nA Family Tax Credit (which was formerly the Guaranteed Minimum Family income) was introduced (2000).[24]\nA Modern Apprentices initiative was introduced to develop technological skills (2000).[24]\nThe Family Start programme was expanded (2000).[24]\nAnnual inflation to benefits was introduced (2000).[24]\nClosing the Gaps policy platform introduced (2000).[25]\nThe Social Security Amendment Act of 2001 introduced various changes such as \"disestablishment of the Community Wage, re-establishment of an unemployment benefit and non-work-tested sickness benefit, and the abolition of the work capacity assessment process\".[24]\nThe Social Security Amendment Act (2006) established three streams for reintegrating beneficiaries into the larger community. These included a work support stream for the unemployed, a work support development stream for most other beneficiaries, and a community support stream for a small group to be exempted from work, training or planning requirements.[26]\nIncome-related rents for state-owned housing were restored (2000).[24]\nA social allocation system was introduced and implemented with the income-related rents scheme(2000).[24]\nVacant sales were frozen and the Home Buy programme was ended (2000).\nBulk funding for schools was ended (2000).[24]\nExpenditure was increased, or newly allocated, for the reduction of attrition of students from school, tertiary education subsidies, Maori and Pacific peoples' teacher recruitment, and Homework Centres (2000).[24]\nInterest on student loans while students are studying was abolished, while the decision of the Fourth National Government to increase the student loan repayment rate was reversed (2000).[24]\nInterest on student loans abolished for borrowers who remain in New Zealand (or studying overseas).[27]\nTertiary student fees were kept stable (2001).[24]\nExpenditure for early childhood education was increased (2001).[24]\nThe National Certificate of Educational Achievement was established (2001).[24]\nNew funding was provided for principals' leadership and professional development (2001).[24]\nAn In Work Payment was introduced to replace the Child Tax Credit.[26]\nThe ministries that handled work and income and those that did social policy were merged to create a new Ministry of Social Development (2001).[26]","title":"Significant policies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"district health boards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_health_board"},{"link_name":"Health Funding Authority","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Funding_Authority"},{"link_name":"Ministry of Health","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Ministry_of_Health"},{"link_name":"district health boards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_health_board"},{"link_name":"primary care","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_care"}],"sub_title":"Health","text":"Creation of district health boards (2000).\nDissolution of the Health Funding Authority, with its responsibilities given to the Ministry of Health and the district health boards.\nIntroduction of the Primary Health Care Strategy, moving primary care funding towards capitation ('bulk funding'), and away from fee-for-service funding (2001).","title":"Significant policies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Royal Commission on Genetically Modified Organisms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Commission_on_Genetically_Modified_Organisms&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sandra Lee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Lee-Vercoe"},{"link_name":"Local Government Act 2002 (New Zealand)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2002_(New_Zealand)"},{"link_name":"Climate Change Response Act 2002","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Change_Response_Act_2002"},{"link_name":"Kyoto Protocol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mfatkp-28"},{"link_name":"New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Emissions_Trading_Scheme"},{"link_name":"Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading) Amendment Act 2008","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Change_Response_(Emissions_Trading)_Amendment_Act_2008"}],"sub_title":"Environment","text":"Royal Commission on Genetically Modified Organisms\nSandra Lee enacted the Local Government Act 2002 (New Zealand).\nIn 2002, the Climate Change Response Act 2002 was enacted in order to ratify Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC.[28]\nIn September 2008, the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme was enacted through the Climate Change Response (Emissions Trading) Amendment Act 2008.","title":"Significant policies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"honours system","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Honours_System"}],"sub_title":"National identity","text":"Completed Establishing a fully New Zealand-based honours system (2000).","title":"Significant policies"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Brunei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei"},{"link_name":"Chile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile"},{"link_name":"China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China"},{"link_name":"Singapore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore"},{"link_name":"Thailand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"Scrapped the combat wing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNZAF_Air_Combat_Force_Disbandment"},{"link_name":"Royal New Zealand Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"SAS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Air_Service"},{"link_name":"war in Afghanistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)"},{"link_name":"Solomon Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands"},{"link_name":"Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Assistance_Mission_to_Solomon_Islands"},{"link_name":"East Timor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Timor"},{"link_name":"2006 East Timorese crisis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_East_Timorese_crisis"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"Tonga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga"},{"link_name":"2006 Nuku‘alofa riots","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Nuku%E2%80%98alofa_riots"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"Iraq War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"Project Protector","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Navy#Project_Protector"},{"link_name":"Royal New Zealand Navy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Navy"},{"link_name":"South Korea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea"},{"link_name":"Japan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan"},{"link_name":"Foreign relations of New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_New_Zealand"}],"sub_title":"Foreign affairs","text":"Signed free trade agreements with Brunei, Chile, China, Singapore, and Thailand.[29]\nScrapped the combat wing of the Royal New Zealand Air Force.[30]\nSent a detachment of SAS troops to the war in Afghanistan.\nSent troops to Solomon Islands as part of the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands\nSent troops to East Timor during the 2006 East Timorese crisis.[31]\nSent troops and police to Tonga after the 2006 Nuku‘alofa riots.[32]\nDid not send combat troops to the Iraq War.[33]\nLaunched Project Protector, to expand the Royal New Zealand Navy's capacity.\nLaunched free trade negotiations with South Korea and Japan.See also: Foreign relations of New Zealand","title":"Significant policies"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"The following positions were appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Government:","title":"Appointments"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Silvia Cartwright","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvia_Cartwright"},{"link_name":"Anand Satyanand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anand_Satyanand"}],"sub_title":"Governor-General","text":"The Hon. Dame Silvia Cartwright (2001–2006)\nThe Right Hon. Sir Anand Satyanand (2006–2011)","title":"Appointments"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Supreme Court of New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Chief Justice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice"},{"link_name":"The Right Hon.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Hon."},{"link_name":"Sian Elias","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sian_Elias"},{"link_name":"Thomas Gault","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gault"},{"link_name":"Kenneth Keith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Keith"},{"link_name":"Peter Blanchard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Blanchard"},{"link_name":"Andrew Tipping","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Tipping"},{"link_name":"John McGrath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McGrath_(judge)"},{"link_name":"Noel Crossley Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noel_Crossley_Anderson"},{"link_name":"Bill Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Wilson_(New_Zealand)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"John Henry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Henry_(judge)"},{"link_name":"Ted Thomas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Thomas_(jurist)"},{"link_name":"President of the Court of Appeal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Ivor Richardson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Richardson"},{"link_name":"Thomas Eichelbaum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Eichelbaum"}],"sub_title":"Supreme Court","text":"With the creation of the Supreme Court of New Zealand in 2003, the government appointed the first full bench of the Court.Chief Justice The Right Hon. Dame Sian Elias (1 July 2004)\nJustice The Hon. Sir Thomas Gault (1 July 2004)\nJustice The Hon. Sir Kenneth Keith (1 July 2004)\nJustice The Hon. Sir Peter Blanchard (1 July 2004)\nJustice The Hon. Sir Andrew Tipping (1 July 2004)\nJustice The Hon. John McGrath (4 May 2005)\nJustice The Hon. Sir Noel Crossley Anderson (21 February 2006)\nJustice The Hon. Bill Wilson (21 December 2007)Acting judges were also appointed from the retired judges of the Court of Appeal:The Hon. Justice Sir John Henry\nThe Hon. Justice Sir Ted Thomas\nFormer President of the Court of Appeal Sir Ivor Richardson\nFormer Chief Justice Sir Thomas Eichelbaum.","title":"Appointments"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Court of Appeal of New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"William Young","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Young_(judge)"},{"link_name":"KNZM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KNZM"},{"link_name":"Noel Crossley Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noel_Crossley_Anderson"},{"link_name":"KNZM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KNZM"},{"link_name":"Thomas Gault","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gault"}],"sub_title":"Court of Appeal","text":"The government appointed three presidents of the Court of Appeal of New Zealand:The Right Hon. Sir William Young, KNZM 23 February 2006 – 1 July 2010\nThe Hon Sir Noel Crossley Anderson, KNZM 1 January 2004 – 23 February 2006\nThe Right Hon. Sir Thomas Gault, KNZM 24 May 2002 – 31 December 2003","title":"Appointments"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alliance Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_(New_Zealand_political_party)"},{"link_name":"Green Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"1996 election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-34"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-34"},{"link_name":"Helen Clark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Clark"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"MMP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-34"}],"sub_title":"1999 election","text":"The Fifth Labour government was elected in the 1999 general election, after entering a coalition with the Alliance Party and a confidence and supply agreement with the Green Party. Labour managed to increase their percentage of the votes by 10.5% and won 12 more seats than in the 1996 election.[34] With this coalition in place the Labour Party returned to government for the first time in nine years,[34] and Helen Clark became New Zealand's first elected female prime minister.[35] The 1999 election was Labour's first successful MMP election.[34]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-36"},{"link_name":"1951","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"1984","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"Jim Anderton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Anderton"},{"link_name":"Progressive Coalition Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Anderton%27s_Progressive_Party"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-36"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-36"},{"link_name":"United Future","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Future_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-36"},{"link_name":"National Party's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-36"}],"sub_title":"2002 election","text":"The 2002 election was held a few weeks before the Parliamentary term elapsed.[36] This had only occurred twice before in New Zealand's political history, in 1951 and 1984.[37] The Government cited the collapse of the Alliance Party, with whom they had entered a coalition in 1999, as the reason for the earlier date. The Alliance Party had split after Jim Anderton, their leader, left to form the Progressive Coalition Party.[38] However, some critics believe that Labour could have continued to govern for the remaining few weeks. They say that the election was called early to capitalise on high opinion poll ratings before they could be undermined by a potential softening in the New Zealand economic performance.[36]After initial polls indicated Labour might win enough seats to govern alone, a feat that had never occurred under MMP in New Zealand, they won 41.3% of the vote and 52 seats. Although this was an improvement on their results in the 1999 election, it was not enough to govern alone,[36] and Labour entered a coalition with the Progressive Coalition Party, and a confidence and supply agreement with United Future.[36] Labour's success was highlighted by the National Party's demise, as they accrued a record low 20.9% of the vote.[36]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-39"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-39"},{"link_name":"New Zealand First","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_First"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-39"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-39"},{"link_name":"Maori Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Party"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:5-40"},{"link_name":"Foreshore and Seabed Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreshore_and_Seabed_Act_2004"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-39"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:5-40"}],"sub_title":"2005 election","text":"After initial doubt as to what date the election would be held, 17 September was the chosen day.[39] After falling behind National in the initial opinion polls, Labour fought back to obtain 41.1% of the vote. Although this was a 0.2% decrease from the previous election, it still saw them sit ahead of National by 2%.[39] The 2005 election saw a dramatic fall in the success of the minor parties. New Zealand First and United Future each won less than half of the percentage of total votes they achieved in 2002.[39] In order to reach the required majority, Labour entered confidence and supply agreements with New Zealand First and United Future. This was in addition to a coalition agreement with the Progressive Coalition Party, of whom only Jim Anderton obtained a seat.[39]The newly formed Maori Party accrued four seats.[40] After only being formed in 2004 as a result of the controversial Foreshore and Seabed Act, they oversaw a successful campaign based on a critical assessment of Labour's record with Maori issues.[39] Their success was highlighted by the decline of ACT New Zealand, who won two seats, and the Progressive Coalition and United Future, who each won only a single seat.[40]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alliance Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_(New_Zealand_political_party)"},{"link_name":"confidence and supply","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_and_supply"},{"link_name":"Greens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Progressive Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Progressive_Party"},{"link_name":"United Future","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Future_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"New Zealand First","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_First"},{"link_name":"Māori Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Party"}],"text":"The table below shows the total party votes for Labour and parties that supported the Labour-led government. For more details of election results, see the election articles.NotesFollowing the 1999 election, Labour formed a coalition with the Alliance Party, and gained support on matters of confidence and supply from the Greens.\nFollowing the 2002 election, Labour formed a coalition with the Progressive Party, and gained support on matters of confidence and supply from United Future. The Greens also entered into a formal agreement with the government, but it was not as strong as the agreements covering confidence and supply it made in the preceding and following parliaments.[41]\nFollowing the 2005 election, Labour formed a coalition with the Progressive Party, and gained support on matters of confidence and supply from New Zealand First and United Future, giving the Labour-led Government a majority. The Greens signed an agreement to abstain on votes of confidence and supply, and the Māori Party also abstained on confidence and supply votes but had no formal agreement with the Government.","title":"Election results"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Helen_Clark_official_photo_(cropped).jpg"},{"link_name":"Helen Clark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Clark"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"2008 elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_New_Zealand_general_election"}],"text":"Helen Clark, prime minister from 1999 to 2008Helen Clark was Prime Minister from when the government was elected in 1999 until it was defeated by the National Party in the 2008 elections.","title":"Prime minister"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Cabinet Ministers"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"New Zealand Votes: The 2002 General Election","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=N-ql-Xs9hhkC&pg=PA256"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780864734686","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780864734686"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-988516-37-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-988516-37-0"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Fifth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Fifth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fifth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Helen Clark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Clark"},{"link_name":"Deputy Prime Minister","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Jim Anderton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Anderton"},{"link_name":"Michael Cullen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Cullen_(politician)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg"},{"link_name":"Labour Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party"},{"link_name":"Alliance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_(New_Zealand_political_party)"},{"link_name":"Progressive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Anderton%27s_Progressive_Party"},{"link_name":"United Future","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Future"},{"link_name":"Greens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"NZ First","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ_First"},{"link_name":"Helen Clark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Clark"},{"link_name":"Jim Anderton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Anderton"},{"link_name":"Michael Cullen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Cullen_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Jim Sutton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Sutton"},{"link_name":"Margaret Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Wilson"},{"link_name":"David Parker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Parker_(New_Zealand_politician)"},{"link_name":"Marian Hobbs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_Hobbs"},{"link_name":"Steve Maharey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Maharey"},{"link_name":"David Cunliffe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cunliffe"},{"link_name":"George Hawkins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Hawkins_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Rick Barker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Barker"},{"link_name":"Paul Swain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Swain_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Lianne Dalziel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lianne_Dalziel"},{"link_name":"Margaret Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Wilson"},{"link_name":"Pete Hodgson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hodgson"},{"link_name":"Sandra Lee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Lee-Vercoe"},{"link_name":"Chris Carter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Carter_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Steve Chadwick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Chadwick"},{"link_name":"Phillida Bunkle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillida_Bunkle"},{"link_name":"Judith Tizard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Tizard"},{"link_name":"Matt Robson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Robson"},{"link_name":"Mark Gosche","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Gosche"},{"link_name":"Damien O'Connor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damien_O%27Connor"},{"link_name":"Phil Goff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Goff"},{"link_name":"Phillida Bunkle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillida_Bunkle"},{"link_name":"Nanaia Mahuta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanaia_Mahuta"},{"link_name":"Mark Burton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Burton_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Trevor Mallard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor_Mallard"},{"link_name":"David Benson-Pope","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Benson-Pope"},{"link_name":"Winston Peters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Peters"},{"link_name":"Parekura Horomia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parekura_Horomia"},{"link_name":"Annette King","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annette_King"},{"link_name":"Maryan Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryan_Street"},{"link_name":"Clayton Cosgrove","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton_Cosgrove"},{"link_name":"Ruth Dyson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Dyson"},{"link_name":"Dover Samuels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_Samuels"},{"link_name":"Peter Dunne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Dunne"},{"link_name":"Laila Harré","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laila_Harr%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"John Tamihere","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tamihere"},{"link_name":"Darren Hughes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darren_Hughes"},{"link_name":"Jim Anderton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Anderton"},{"link_name":"Jim Anderton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Anderton"},{"link_name":"Peter Dunne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Dunne"},{"link_name":"Winston Peters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Peters"},{"link_name":"Speaker of the House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives"},{"link_name":"Jonathan Hunt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Hunt_(New_Zealand_politician)"},{"link_name":"Margaret Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Wilson"},{"link_name":"Leader of the House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(New_Zealand)"},{"link_name":"Michael Cullen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Cullen_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Rick Barker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Barker"},{"link_name":"David Benson-Pope","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Benson-Pope"},{"link_name":"Jill Pettis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Pettis"},{"link_name":"Tim Barnett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Barnett_(politician)"},{"link_name":"Elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"parliaments","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament"},{"link_name":"1999","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"46th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/46th_New_Zealand_Parliament"},{"link_name":"2002","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"47th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/47th_New_Zealand_Parliament"},{"link_name":"2005","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"48th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/48th_New_Zealand_Parliament"},{"link_name":"2008","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"Creation of Kiwibank","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwibank"},{"link_name":"New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_foreshore_and_seabed_controversy"},{"link_name":"Governor-General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Sir Michael Hardie Boys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Hardie_Boys"},{"link_name":"Dame Silvia Cartwright","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvia_Cartwright"},{"link_name":"Sir Anand Satyanand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anand_Satyanand"},{"link_name":"Chief Justice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Sir Thomas Eichelbaum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Eichelbaum"},{"link_name":"Dame Sian Elias","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sian_Elias"},{"link_name":"Leader of the Opposition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(New_Zealand)"},{"link_name":"Jenny Shipley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Shipley"},{"link_name":"Bill English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_English"},{"link_name":"Don Brash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Brash"},{"link_name":"John Key","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Key"},{"link_name":"← Fourth National Government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Fifth National Government →","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Governments_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Governments_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governments_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Governments of New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_governments"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Fitzgerald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FitzGerald_Ministry,_1854"},{"link_name":"Forsaith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsaith_Ministry,_1854"},{"link_name":"Sewell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_Sewell_Ministry"},{"link_name":"Fox (first)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_Fox_Ministry"},{"link_name":"Stafford (first)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856%E2%80%931861_Stafford_Ministry"},{"link_name":"Fox (second)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861%E2%80%931862_Fox_Ministry"},{"link_name":"Domett","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1862%E2%80%931863_Domett_Ministry"},{"link_name":"Whitaker–Fox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1863%E2%80%931864_Whitaker%E2%80%93Fox_Ministry"},{"link_name":"Weld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864%E2%80%931865_Weld_Ministry"},{"link_name":"Stafford (second)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1865%E2%80%931869_Stafford_Ministry"},{"link_name":"Fox (third)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1869%E2%80%931872_Fox_Ministry"},{"link_name":"Stafford (third)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_Stafford_Ministry"},{"link_name":"Waterhouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872%E2%80%931873_Waterhouse_Ministry"},{"link_name":"Fox (fourth)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_Fox_Ministry"},{"link_name":"Vogel 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Time","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_Time_(New_Zealand_campaign)"},{"link_name":"Citizens for Rowling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_for_Rowling"},{"link_name":"Moyle Affair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyle_Affair"},{"link_name":"Fish and Chip Brigade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_and_Chip_Brigade"},{"link_name":"Rogernomics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogernomics"},{"link_name":"Māori loan affair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_loan_affair"},{"link_name":"Backbone club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backbone_club"},{"link_name":"Closing the Gaps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closing_the_Gaps"},{"link_name":"Helengrad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helengrad"},{"link_name":"Corngate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corngate"},{"link_name":"Foreshore and seabed 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Zealand Liberal Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party"},{"link_name":"New Zealand Socialist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Socialist_Party"},{"link_name":"Independent Political Labour League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Political_Labour_League"},{"link_name":"New Zealand Labour Party (1910)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party_(1910)"},{"link_name":"United Labour Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Labour_Party_(New_Zealand)"},{"link_name":"Social Democratic Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(New_Zealand)"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Helen_Clark"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Helen_Clark"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Helen_Clark"},{"link_name":"Helen Clark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Clark"},{"link_name":"Administrator of the UN Development Programme","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister of New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Leader of the Labour Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_New_Zealand_Labour_Party"},{"link_name":"Member of Parliament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Mount Albert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Albert_(New_Zealand_electorate)"},{"link_name":"1999–2008","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Helen_Clark_official_photo_(cropped).jpg"},{"link_name":"1996","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"1999","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"2002","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"2005","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"2008","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_New_Zealand_general_election"},{"link_name":"1993","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election"},{"link_name":"1996","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election"},{"link_name":"Closing the Gaps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closing_the_Gaps"},{"link_name":"Working for Families","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_for_Families"},{"link_name":"KiwiSaver","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KiwiSaver"},{"link_name":"Cullen Fund","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Superannuation_Fund"},{"link_name":"Peter Davis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Davis_(sociologist)"},{"link_name":"Shadow Cabinet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Helen_Clark"},{"link_name":"Helengrad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helengrad"},{"link_name":"Corngate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corngate"},{"link_name":"Helen Clark Foundation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Clark_Foundation"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg"},{"link_name":"Socialism portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Socialism"},{"link_name":"Commons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Helen_Clark"},{"link_name":"Wikiquote","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Helen_Clark"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg"},{"link_name":"Wikinews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Helen_Clark"}],"text":"Boston, Jonathan. Left Turn: The New Zealand general election of 1999 (Victoria U.P, 2000)\nBoston, Jonathan; et al. (2004). New Zealand Votes: The 2002 General Election. Victoria University Press. ISBN 9780864734686.\nHarvey, John; Edwards, John (2019). Annette King: The Authorised Biography. Auckland: Upstart Press. ISBN 978-1-988516-37-0.\nLevine, Stephen and Nigel S. Roberts, eds. The Baubles of Office: The New Zealand General Election of 2005 (Victoria U.P, 2007)\nLevine, Stephen and Nigel S. Roberts, eds. Key to Victory: The New Zealand General Election of 2008 (Victoria U.P, 2010)\nWelch, Denis. Helen Clark: A Political Life (2009) 240ppvteFifth Labour Government of New ZealandLeadershipPrime Minister\nHelen Clark\nDeputy Prime Minister\nJim Anderton (1999–2002)\nMichael Cullen (2002–2008)\nPolitical parties\nLabour Party (Main)\nAlliance\nProgressive\nUnited Future\nGreens\nNZ First\nMinistersCabinet\nHelen Clark\nJim Anderton\nMichael Cullen\nJim Sutton\nMargaret Wilson\nDavid Parker\nMarian Hobbs\nSteve Maharey\nDavid Cunliffe\nGeorge Hawkins\nRick Barker\nPaul Swain\nLianne Dalziel\nMargaret Wilson\nPete Hodgson\nSandra Lee\nChris Carter\nSteve Chadwick\nPhillida Bunkle\nJudith Tizard\nMatt Robson\nMark Gosche\nDamien O'Connor\nPhil Goff\nPhillida Bunkle\nNanaia Mahuta\nMark Burton\nTrevor Mallard\nDavid Benson-Pope\nWinston Peters\nParekura Horomia\nAnnette King\nMaryan Street\nClayton Cosgrove\nRuth Dyson\nDover Samuels\nPeter Dunne\nLaila Harré\nJohn Tamihere\nDarren Hughes\nNon-CabinetLabour Party\n\nAlliance\nJim Anderton\nProgressive\nJim Anderton\nUnited Future\nPeter Dunne\nNZ First\nWinston Peters\nParliamentary leadershipSpeaker of the House\nJonathan Hunt (1999–2005)\nMargaret Wilson (2005–2008)\nLeader of the House\nMichael Cullen\nChief Government Whip\nRick Barker (1999–2002)\nDavid Benson-Pope (2002–2004)\nJill Pettis (2004–2005)\nTim Barnett (2005–2008)\nElections (parliaments)\n1999 (46th)\n2002 (47th)\n2005 (48th)\n2008 (defeated)\nSignificant policies and events\nCreation of Kiwibank\nNew Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy\nOther officesGovernor-General\nSir Michael Hardie Boys (1999–2001)\nDame Silvia Cartwright (2001–2006)\nSir Anand Satyanand (2006–2008)\nChief Justice\nSir Thomas Eichelbaum (1989–1999)\nDame Sian Elias (1999–2019)\nLeader of the Opposition(National Party)\nJenny Shipley (1999–2001)\nBill English (2001–2003)\nDon Brash (2003–2006)\nJohn Key (2006–2008)\n\n1999–2008\n ← Fourth National Government \n Fifth National Government →vteGovernments of New Zealand Executives without power\nFitzgerald\nForsaith\nResponsible government\nSewell\nFox (first)\nStafford (first)\nFox (second)\nDomett\nWhitaker–Fox\nWeld\nStafford (second)\nFox (third)\nStafford (third)\nWaterhouse\nFox (fourth)\nVogel (first)\nPollen\nVogel (second)\nContinuous Ministry\nAtkinson (first)\nAtkinson (second)\nGrey\nHall\nWhitaker\nAtkinson (third)\nStout–Vogel (first)\nAtkinson (fourth)\nStout–Vogel (second)\nAtkinson (fifth)\nGovernments along party lines\nLiberal (1891–1912)\nReform (1912–1928)\nUnited (1928–1931)\nUnited–Reform coalition (1931–1935)\nFirst Labour (1935–1949)\nFirst National (1949–1957)\nSecond Labour (1957–1960)\nSecond National (1960–1972)\nThird Labour (1972–1975)\nThird National (1975–1984)\nFourth Labour (1984–1990)\nFourth National (1990–1999)\nFifth Labour (1999–2008)\nFifth National (2008–2017)\nSixth Labour (2017–2023)\nFirst term (2017–2020)\nSecond term (2020–2023)\nSixth National (Current)vteNew Zealand Labour PartyLeadershipLeadersNames in bold served as prime minister\nAlfred Hindmarsh (1916–18)\nHarry Holland (1919–33)\nMichael Joseph Savage (1933–40)\nPeter Fraser (1940–50)\nWalter Nash (1950–63)\nArnold Nordmeyer (1963–65)\nNorman Kirk (1965–74)\nBill Rowling (1974–83)\nDavid Lange (1983–89)\nGeoffrey Palmer (1989–90)\nMike Moore (1990–93)\nHelen Clark (1993–2008)\nPhil Goff (2008–11)\nDavid Shearer (2011–13)\nDavid Cunliffe (2013–14)\nAndrew Little (2014–17)\nJacinda Ardern (2017–23)\nChris Hipkins (2023–present)\n\nDeputy leaders\nJames McCombs (1919–23)\nMichael Joseph Savage (1923–33)\nPeter Fraser (1933–40)\nWalter Nash (1940–51)\nJerry Skinner (1951–62)\nFred Hackett (1962–63)\nHugh Watt (1963–74)\nBob Tizard (1974–79)\nDavid Lange (1979–83)\nGeoffrey Palmer (1983–89)\nHelen Clark (1989–93)\nDavid Caygill (1993–96)\nMichael Cullen (1996–2008)\nAnnette King (2008–11)\nGrant Robertson (2011–13)\nDavid Parker (2013–14)\nAnnette King (2014–17)\nJacinda Ardern (2017)\nKelvin Davis (2017–23)\nCarmel Sepuloni (2023–present)\n\nLeadership elections\n1919\n1920\n1921\n1922\n1923\n1933\n1940\n1951\n1954\n1963\n1965\n1974\n1980\n1983\n1988\n1989\n1990\n1993\n1996\n2008\n2011\n2013\n2014\n2017\n2023\nInternal officesParty presidents\nJames McCombs (1916–17)\nAndrew Walker (1917–18)\nTom Paul (1918–20)\nPeter Fraser (1920–21)\nFrederick Cooke (1921–22)\nTom Brindle (1922–26)\nBob Semple (1926–28)\nJohn Archer (1928–29)\nJim Thorn (1929–31)\nRex Mason (1931–32)\nBill Jordan (1932–33)\nFrank Langstone (1933–34)\nTim Armstrong (1934–35)\nWalter Nash (1935–36)\nClyde Carr (1936–37)\nJames Roberts (1937–50)\nArnold Nordmeyer (1950–55)\nMick Moohan (1955–60)\nMartyn Finlay (1960–64)\nNorman Kirk (1964–66)\nNorman Douglas (1966–70)\nBill Rowling (1970–73)\nCharles Bennett (1973–76)\nArthur Faulkner (1976–79)\nJim Anderton (1979–84)\nMargaret Wilson (1984–87)\nRex Jones (1987–88)\nRuth Dyson (1988–93)\nMaryan Street (1993–95)\nMichael Hirschfeld (1995–99)\nBob Harvey (1999–2000)\nMike Williams (2000–09)\nAndrew Little (2009–11)\nMoira Coatsworth (2011–15)\nNigel Haworth (2015–19)\nClaire Szabó (2019–22)\nJill Day (2022–present)\n\nGeneral secretaries\nJohn Glover (1916–19)\nMichael Joseph Savage (1919–20)\nMoses Ayrton (1920–22)\nWalter Nash (1922–32)\nJim Thorn (1932–36)\nDavid Wilson (1936–40)\nMick Moohan (1940–48)\nAllan McDonald (1948–71)\nJohn Wybrow (1971–85)\nTony Timms (1985–95)\nRob Allen (1995–2000)\nMike Smith (2001–08)\nChris Flatt (2008–12)\nTim Barnett (2012–16)\nAndrew Kirton (2016–18)\nAndre Anderson (2018–20)\nRob Salmond (2020–present)\n\nSenior Whips\nAndrew Walker (1916–19)\nJames McCombs (1919–22)\nDan Sullivan (1922–35)\nBill Jordan (1935–36)\nRobert McKeen (1937–39)\nJames O'Brien (1939–42)\nArthur Shapton Richards (1942–47)\nRobert Macfarlane (1947–51)\nPhil Connolly (1951–52)\nJoe Cotterill (1952–58)\nHenry May (1958–72)\nRon Barclay (1972–76)\nRoger Drayton (1976–78)\nRussell Marshall (1978–80)\nJonathan Hunt (1980–84)\nMichael Cullen (1984–87)\nMargaret Austin (1987–90)\nTrevor Mallard (1990)\nJonathan Hunt (1990–96)\nMark Burton (1996–99)\nRick Barker (1999–2002)\nDavid Benson-Pope (2002–04)\nJill Pettis (2004–05)\nTim Barnett (2005–08)\nDarren Hughes (2008–11)\nRick Barker (2011)\nChris Hipkins (2011–13)\nSue Moroney (2013–14)\nChris Hipkins (2014–16)\nKris Faafoi (2016–17)\nRuth Dyson (2017–19)\nMichael Wood (2019–20)\nKieran McAnulty (2020–22)\nDuncan Webb (2022–23)\nTangi Utikere (2023–present)\nOrganisationCurrent members of parliamentNames without electorates are list MPs(List of former MPs)\nLeader: Chris Hipkins (Remutaka)\nDeputy Leader: Carmel Sepuloni (Kelston)\nGinny Andersen\nCamilla Belich\nGlen Bennett\nRachel Boyack (Nelson)\nRachel Brooking (Dunedin)\nReuben Davidson (Christchurch East)\nBarbara Edmonds (Mana)\nShanan Halbert\nPeeni Henare\nWillie Jackson\nIngrid Leary (Taieri)\nJo Luxton\nKieran McAnulty\nTracey McLellan\nDamien O'Connor\nGreg O'Connor (Ōhāriu)\nDavid Parker\nWillow-Jean Prime\nPriyanca Radhakrishnan\nAdrian Rurawhe\nDeborah Russell\nJenny Salesa (Panmure-Ōtāhuhu)\nLemauga Lydia Sosene (Māngere)\nCushla Tangaere-Manuel (Ikaroa-Rāwhiti)\nJan Tinetti\nPhil Twyford (Te Atatū)\nTangi Utikere (Palmerston North)\nAyesha Verrall\nDuncan Webb (Christchurch Central)\nHelen White (Mount Albert)\nArena Williams (Manurewa)\nMegan Woods (Wigram)\n\nRelated organisations\nCity Vision\nThe People's Choice\nPrinces Street Labour\nRainbow Labour\nRātana\nVicLabour\nYoung Labour\nHistoryHistory and related topics\nLiberal–Labour\nLabour Unity Conferences\nLee affair\nBlack Budget\nMason Affair\nIt's Time\nCitizens for Rowling\nMoyle Affair\nFish and Chip Brigade\nRogernomics\nMāori loan affair\nBackbone club\nClosing the Gaps\nHelengrad\nCorngate\nForeshore and seabed controversy\nKiwiSaver\n\nLabour governments\nFirst (1935–49)\nSecond (1957–60)\nThird (1972–75)\nFourth (1984–90)\nFifth (1999–2008)\nSixth (2017–23)\n\nShadow cabinets\nKirk\nRowling\nLange\nMoore\nClark\nGoff\nShearer\nCunliffe\nLittle\nArdern\nHipkins\n\nPredecessor parties\nNew Zealand Liberal Party\nNew Zealand Socialist Party\nIndependent Political Labour League\nNew Zealand Labour Party (1910)\nUnited Labour Party\nSocial Democratic PartyvteHelen ClarkBorn (1950-02-26) 26 February 1950 (age 74)Administrator of the UN Development Programme (2009–2017) • Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008) • Leader of the Labour Party (1993–2008) • Member of Parliament for Mount Albert (1981–2009)Premiership\n1999–2008\nElections\n1996\n1999\n2002\n2005\n2008\nLeadership elections\n1993\n1996\nIdeology\nClosing the Gaps\nWorking for Families\nKiwiSaver\nCullen Fund\nRelated articles\nPeter Davis (husband)\nShadow Cabinet\nHelengrad\nCorngate\nHelen Clark Foundation\n Socialism portal • Commons • Wikiquote • Wikinews","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"image_text":"Helen Clark, prime minister from 1999 to 2008","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Helen_Clark_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Helen_Clark_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg"},{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Helen_Clark_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Helen_Clark_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg"}]
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Retrieved 9 June 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081014084733/http://www.colinjames.co.nz/management/Management_Clark_03Aug.htm","url_text":"\"A farm girl, discipline and her helicopter\""},{"url":"http://www.colinjames.co.nz/management/Management_Clark_03Aug.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Squires, Nick (10 January 2008). \"Australians add new words to dictionary\". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 4 May 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1575177/Australians-add-new-words-to-dictionary.html","url_text":"\"Australians add new words to dictionary\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph","url_text":"The Daily Telegraph"}]},{"reference":"\"Income tax rates\". 8 October 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/research-papers/document/00PLEcoC5191/income-tax-rates","url_text":"\"Income tax rates\""}]},{"reference":"\"Budget 2008 – Tax Changes\". 22 May 2008. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150325233409/http://www.treasury.govt.nz/budget/2008/taxpayers/01.htm#personal","url_text":"\"Budget 2008 – Tax Changes\""},{"url":"http://www.treasury.govt.nz/budget/2008/taxpayers/01.htm#personal","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"PM welcomes fisheries scholarship | Beehive.govt.nz\". www.beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 March 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/pm-welcomes-fisheries-scholarship","url_text":"\"PM welcomes fisheries scholarship | Beehive.govt.nz\""}]},{"reference":"\"New Zealand School Curriculum launch | Beehive.govt.nz\". www.beehive.govt.nz. 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Retrieved 12 March 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/formal-apology-te-uri-o-hau","url_text":"\"Formal apology to Te Uri O Hau | Beehive.govt.nz\""}]},{"reference":"\"Waitangi Day commemorative fund | Beehive.govt.nz\". www.beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 March 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/waitangi-day-commemorative-fund","url_text":"\"Waitangi Day commemorative fund | Beehive.govt.nz\""}]},{"reference":"Keith Sinclair (1959). A History of New Zealand.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Sinclair","url_text":"Keith Sinclair"}]},{"reference":"Katherine Forbes. \"Paid Parental Leave Under (New) Labour\". Social Policy Journal of New Zealand (34).","urls":[{"url":"https://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/journals-and-magazines/social-policy-journal/spj34/34-paid-parental-leave.html","url_text":"\"Paid Parental Leave Under (New) Labour\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_Policy_Journal_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Social Policy Journal of New Zealand"}]},{"reference":"\"Child Poverty Monitor: Technical Report\". Child Poverty Monitor. 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://nzchildren.co.nz/","url_text":"\"Child Poverty Monitor: Technical Report\""}]},{"reference":"Alison McClelland & Susan St. John (2006). \"Social policy responses to globalisation in Australia and New Zealand, 1980–2005\" (PDF). Australian Journal of Political Science. 41 (2): 177–191. doi:10.1080/10361140600672428. S2CID 153508078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110818004134/http://homes.eco.auckland.ac.nz/sstj003/McClelland%20St%20John.pdf","url_text":"\"Social policy responses to globalisation in Australia and New Zealand, 1980–2005\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Journal_of_Political_Science","url_text":"Australian Journal of Political Science"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10361140600672428","url_text":"10.1080/10361140600672428"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153508078","url_text":"153508078"},{"url":"https://homes.eco.auckland.ac.nz/sstj003/McClelland%20St%20John.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Nathan P. McClusky (2008). A Policy of Honesty: Election Manifesto Pledge Fulfilment in New Zealand 1972–2005 (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Canterbury.","urls":[{"url":"http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/10092/2648/1/Thesis_fulltext.pdf","url_text":"A Policy of Honesty: Election Manifesto Pledge Fulfilment in New Zealand 1972–2005"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy","url_text":"PhD"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Canterbury","url_text":"University of Canterbury"}]},{"reference":"\"Timeline\". Labour History Project. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100602092156/http://www.lhp.org.nz/LHP/Timeline.html","url_text":"\"Timeline\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Labour_History_Project&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"Labour History Project"},{"url":"http://www.lhp.org.nz/LHP/Timeline.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Stephen McTaggart (December 2005). \"Monitoring the Impact of Social Policy, 1980–2001: Report on Significant Policy Events\" (PDF). Occasional Paper Series, Resource Report 1. Social Policy Evaluation and Research Committee (SPEAR). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160310152816/http://www.spear.govt.nz/documents/publications/significant-policy-events-report.pdf","url_text":"\"Monitoring the Impact of Social Policy, 1980–2001: Report on Significant Policy Events\""},{"url":"http://www.spear.govt.nz/documents/publications/significant-policy-events-report.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Cullen, Michael (2000). \"Budget Speech and Fiscal Strategy Report 2000\" (PDF). The New Zealand Treasury.","urls":[{"url":"https://treasury.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2007-09/spch-fsr00.pdf","url_text":"\"Budget Speech and Fiscal Strategy Report 2000\""}]},{"reference":"Jane Silloway Smith (1 August 2010). \"Looking Back to Look Forward: How welfare in New Zealand has evolved\". Maxim Institute. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110726184433/http://www.maxim.org.nz/index.cfm/policy___research/article?id=2152","url_text":"\"Looking Back to Look Forward: How welfare in New Zealand has evolved\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Institute","url_text":"Maxim Institute"},{"url":"http://www.maxim.org.nz/index.cfm/policy___research/article?id=2152","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"\"Interest-free\" student loans for borrowers living in New Zealand\". IRD. Retrieved 5 November 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.classic.ird.govt.nz/technical-tax/legislation/2005/2005-122/2005-22-interest-rate-formula/leg-2005-122-sl-interest-free-nz.html","url_text":"\"\"Interest-free\" student loans for borrowers living in New Zealand\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inland_Revenue_Department_(New_Zealand)","url_text":"IRD"}]},{"reference":"\"The Kyoto Protocol\". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 16 July 2007. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120305162952/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Treaties-and-International-Law/03-Treaty-making-process/2-National-Interest-Analyses/0-Kyoto-Protocol-Part-I.php","url_text":"\"The Kyoto Protocol\""},{"url":"http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Treaties-and-International-Law/03-Treaty-making-process/National-Interest-Analyses/0-Kyoto-Protocol-Part-I.php#obligations","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Alvey, James (2000). \"The 1999 Election in New Zealand\". Review – Institute of Public Affairs 52. 1: 17–18.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Helen Clark | NZHistory, New Zealand history online\". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 23 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/helen-clark","url_text":"\"Helen Clark | NZHistory, New Zealand history online\""}]},{"reference":"Geddis, Andrew (2004). \"The General Election in New Zealand, July 2002\". Electoral Studies. 23 (1): 149–55. doi:10.1016/s0261-3794(03)00036-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0261-3794%2803%2900036-2","url_text":"10.1016/s0261-3794(03)00036-2"}]},{"reference":"\"Our Elections Through History\". New Zealand Parliament. 20 July 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/parliament-in-election-year/our-elections-through-history/","url_text":"\"Our Elections Through History\""}]},{"reference":"Vowles, Jack (2005). Gallagher, Michael; Mitchell, Paul (eds.). The Politics of Electoral Systems. New York, United States: Oxford University Press. p. 303.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Geddis, Andrew (2006). \"The General Election in New Zealand, September 2005\". Electoral Studies. 25 (4): 809–14. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2005.12.005.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.electstud.2005.12.005","url_text":"10.1016/j.electstud.2005.12.005"}]},{"reference":"\"Research papers\". Retrieved 24 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/research-papers/document/00PLLawRP05061/final-results-2005-general-election","url_text":"\"Research papers\""}]},{"reference":"\"Government and Greens sign formal co-operation agreement\". New Zealand Government. 26 August 2002. Retrieved 9 July 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/government-and-greens-sign-formal-co-operation-agreement","url_text":"\"Government and Greens sign formal co-operation agreement\""}]},{"reference":"Boston, Jonathan; et al. (2004). New Zealand Votes: The 2002 General Election. Victoria University Press. ISBN 9780864734686.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=N-ql-Xs9hhkC&pg=PA256","url_text":"New Zealand Votes: The 2002 General Election"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780864734686","url_text":"9780864734686"}]},{"reference":"Harvey, John; Edwards, John (2019). Annette King: The Authorised Biography. Auckland: Upstart Press. ISBN 978-1-988516-37-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-988516-37-0","url_text":"978-1-988516-37-0"}]}]
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Beehive.govt.nz\""},{"Link":"https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-zealand-school-curriculum-launch","external_links_name":"\"New Zealand School Curriculum launch | Beehive.govt.nz\""},{"Link":"https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/more-funding-treaty-2u-exhibition","external_links_name":"\"More Funding for the Treaty 2U exhibition | Beehive.govt.nz\""},{"Link":"https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/pm-gives-formal-apology-te-arawa","external_links_name":"\"PM gives formal apology to Te Arawa | Beehive.govt.nz\""},{"Link":"https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/formal-apology-te-uri-o-hau","external_links_name":"\"Formal apology to Te Uri O Hau | Beehive.govt.nz\""},{"Link":"https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/waitangi-day-commemorative-fund","external_links_name":"\"Waitangi Day commemorative fund | Beehive.govt.nz\""},{"Link":"https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/pm-welcomes-fisheries-scholarship","external_links_name":"https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/pm-welcomes-fisheries-scholarship"},{"Link":"https://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/journals-and-magazines/social-policy-journal/spj34/34-paid-parental-leave.html","external_links_name":"\"Paid Parental Leave Under (New) Labour\""},{"Link":"http://nzchildren.co.nz/","external_links_name":"\"Child Poverty Monitor: Technical Report\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110818004134/http://homes.eco.auckland.ac.nz/sstj003/McClelland%20St%20John.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Social policy responses to globalisation in Australia and New Zealand, 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Zealand\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120305162952/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Treaties-and-International-Law/03-Treaty-making-process/2-National-Interest-Analyses/0-Kyoto-Protocol-Part-I.php","external_links_name":"\"The Kyoto Protocol\""},{"Link":"http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Treaties-and-International-Law/03-Treaty-making-process/National-Interest-Analyses/0-Kyoto-Protocol-Part-I.php#obligations","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/28103507-b5a4-4f14-8835-583b01e9acd9","external_links_name":"Singapore signs Free Trade Agreement with New Zealand"},{"Link":"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/newzealand/1329673/New-Zealand-scraps-air-force-warplanes.html","external_links_name":"New Zealand scraps air force warplanes"},{"Link":"https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10383632","external_links_name":"NZ forces on way to East Timor"},{"Link":"https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10411378","external_links_name":"Joint task force in Tonga this afternoon"},{"Link":"https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/nz-refused-send-troops-iraq-war-didnt-believe-in","external_links_name":"NZ refused to send troops to Iraq for war 'it didn't believe in'"},{"Link":"https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/helen-clark","external_links_name":"\"Helen Clark | NZHistory, New Zealand history online\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0261-3794%2803%2900036-2","external_links_name":"10.1016/s0261-3794(03)00036-2"},{"Link":"https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/parliament-in-election-year/our-elections-through-history/","external_links_name":"\"Our Elections Through 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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsaxlokk_Harbour
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Malta Freeport
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["1 See also","2 References","3 External links"]
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Coordinates: 35°49′05″N 14°32′24″E / 35.818°N 14.54°E / 35.818; 14.54Port in MaltaMalta FreeportView of the Malta FreeportClick on the map for a fullscreen viewLocationCountryMaltaDetailsOpened1988Operated byMalta Freeport Terminals LtdOwned byMalta Freeport Corporation LtdLand areaabout 0.771 square kilometres (77.1 ha)StatisticsVessel arrivals2,189Annual container volume3,060,000 TEU'sWebsitehttp://www.maltafreeport.com.mt
Malta Freeport (Maltese: Il-Port Ħieles) is an international port on the island of Malta with a trade volume of 3.06 million TEUs in 2015. Malta Freeport is one of busiest ports in Europe. The port is situated in Birżebbuġa in the southeastern part of Malta, on the site of the former seaplane base RAF Kalafrana.
Established in 1988, Malta Freeport was the first transshipment hub in the Mediterranean region. The company currently ranks twelfth among the top European ports and is the third largest transshipment and logistics centre in the Mediterranean region. Over 95% of the Freeport's container traffic is transshipment business with demand growth triggering successive rounds of funding and ownership changes.
Malta Freeport is the Mediterranean's third largest transshipment port. A planned expansion would increase its quay length on both terminals from the present operational length of 2.2 kilometres to over 3 kilometres and the total area (from 680,000) to 790,000 square metres (0.79 km2).
Freeport Centre
Freeport Monument
See also
Grand Harbour
Marsamxett Harbour
References
^ a b About Us Archived 2010-09-18 at the Wayback Machine - Malta Freeport site
^ a b c Container Terminals, Traffic Archived 2014-12-11 at the Wayback Machine - Malta Freeport site
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Malta freeport.
Site of Malta Freeport
35°49′05″N 14°32′24″E / 35.818°N 14.54°E / 35.818; 14.54
This Malta-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Maltese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_language"},{"link_name":"port","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port"},{"link_name":"Malta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta"},{"link_name":"TEUs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ContainerTerminals-2"},{"link_name":"busiest ports in Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_busiest_ports_in_Europe"},{"link_name":"Birżebbuġa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir%C5%BCebbu%C4%A1a"},{"link_name":"RAF Kalafrana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Kalafrana"},{"link_name":"transshipment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transshipment"},{"link_name":"Freeport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_trade_zone"},{"link_name":"Mediterranean's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-About-1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malta_-_Birzebbuga_-_Triq_Kalafrana_-_Freeport_centre_05_ies.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malta_-_Birzebbuga_-_Triq_Kalafrana_-_Freeport_centre_02_ies.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Freeport,_Malta.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malta_-_Birzebbuga_-_Triq_Kalafrana_-_Freeport_(Triq_San_Patrizju)_05_ies.jpg"}],"text":"Port in MaltaMalta Freeport (Maltese: Il-Port Ħieles) is an international port on the island of Malta with a trade volume of 3.06 million TEUs in 2015.[2] Malta Freeport is one of busiest ports in Europe. The port is situated in Birżebbuġa in the southeastern part of Malta, on the site of the former seaplane base RAF Kalafrana.Established in 1988, Malta Freeport was the first transshipment hub in the Mediterranean region. The company currently ranks twelfth among the top European ports and is the third largest transshipment and logistics centre in the Mediterranean region. Over 95% of the Freeport's container traffic is transshipment business with demand growth triggering successive rounds of funding and ownership changes.Malta Freeport is the Mediterranean's third largest transshipment port. A planned expansion would increase its quay length on both terminals from the present operational length of 2.2 kilometres to over 3 kilometres and the total area (from 680,000) to 790,000 square metres (0.79 km2).[1]Freeport Centre\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tFreeport Monument","title":"Malta Freeport"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"Grand Harbour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Harbour"},{"title":"Marsamxett Harbour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsamxett_Harbour"}]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortlock_River
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Mortlock River
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["1 Course and features","2 Name","3 See also","4 References"]
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Coordinates: 31°38′41″S 116°40′20″E / 31.64472°S 116.67222°E / -31.64472; 116.67222River in Wheatbelt region of Western Australia
MortlockEtymologyHenry Mortlock Ommanney, a surveyorLocationCountryAustraliaStateWestern AustraliaRegionWheatbeltPhysical characteristicsSource • locationnear Belmunging • coordinates31°51′48″S 117°9′2″E / 31.86333°S 117.15056°E / -31.86333; 117.15056 • elevation249 m (817 ft)
MouthAvon River • locationwest of Northam • coordinates31°38′41″S 116°40′20″E / 31.64472°S 116.67222°E / -31.64472; 116.67222 • elevation146 m (479 ft)Length81 km (50 mi)Basin size16,800 km2 (6,500 sq mi)Discharge • locationmouth • average17,800,000 m3/s (630,000,000 cu ft/s)
Basin featuresRiver systemAvon River
The Mortlock River is a perennial river located in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia.
Course and features
The headwaters of the river rise near Belmunging then flow in a northerly direction, crossed by the Goldfields Road and continuing in a north-westerly direction to finally flow parallel to the Northam York Road and crossed by the Great Eastern Highway. The river is joined by three minor tributaries; Mortlock River North, Mortlock River East and Meenaar South Creek. The river discharges into the Avon River, just west of Northam. The Mortlock descends 103 metres (338 ft) over its 81-kilometre (50 mi) course.
The river is saline and delivers the most salt (approximately 91 tonnes (90 long tons) per year) into the Avon River.
Name
The river was named after the surveyor Henry Mortlock Ommanney in the 1830s. Ommanney was the first European to visit the river during an expedition through the area in 1835.
See also
Western Australia portal
List of watercourses in Western Australia
References
^ a b "Map of Mortlock River, WA". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
^ "Avon River Basin Natural Resource Management Plan". 2004. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
^
"History of river names – M". Western Australian Land Information Authority. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
vteRivers of Western AustraliaRivers of the Gascoyne region
Edmund
Frederick
Gascoyne
Landor
Lyons
Minilya
Thomas
Wooramel
Rivers of the Goldfields-Esperance region
Alexander
Dalyup
Jerdacuttup
Lort
Munglinup
Oldfield
Phillips
Steere
Young
Rivers of the Great Southern region
Angove
Bow
Bremer
Deep
Denmark
Eyre
Fitzgerald
Frankland
Gairdner (Great Southern)
Goodga
Gordon
Hamersley
Hay
Kalgan
Kent
King (Great Southern)
Pallinup
Shannon
Walpole
Waychinicup
Weld
Rivers of the Kimberley region
Adcock
Armanda
Barker
Barnett
Barton
Behn
Berckelman
Berkeley
Bow (Kimberley)
Calder
Carson
Chamberlain
Charnley
Drysdale
Dunham
Durack
Elvire
Ernest
Fitzroy
Forrest
Fraser
Gairdner (Kimberley)
Gibb
Glenelg
Hann
Hunter
Isdell
Johnston
King (Kimberley)
King Edward
King George
Laura
Lennard
Margaret (Kimberley)
Mary
May
McRae
Meda
Mitchell
Negri
Nicholson
Ord
Panton
Pentecost
Prince Regent
Richenda
Robinson
Roe
Sale
Wilson
Rivers of the Mid West region
Arrowsmith
Bowes
Buller
Chapman
Greenough
Hope
Hutt
Impey
Irwin
Murchison
Yalgar
Rivers of the Peel and Perth regions
Bennett
Canning
Dandalup
Ellen
Harvey
Helena
Hotham
Murray
Serpentine
South Dandalup
Swan
Williams
Claise
Rivers of the Pilbara region
Angelo
Ashburton
Balla Balla
Beasley
Cane
Coongan
De Grey
Fortescue
Frederick
George River
Hardey
Harding
Henry
Maitland
Nullagine
Oakover
Robe
Rudall
Shaw
Sherlock
Turner
Yule
Rivers of the South West region
Abba
Arthur
Balgarup
Bannister
Beaufort
Blackwood
Brunswick
Buayanyup
Capel
Carbunup
Collie
Donnelly
Ferguson
Ludlow
Lunenburgh
Margaret (South West)
Preston
Sabina
Scott
Tone
Vasse
Warren
Worsley
Rivers of the Wheatbelt region
Avon
Brockman
Buchanan
Dale
Hill
Lockhart
Mackie
Moore
Mortlock
Nambung
Salt
Yilgarn
Category
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"perennial river","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perennial_river"},{"link_name":"Wheatbelt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheatbelt_(Western_Australia)"},{"link_name":"Western Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia"}],"text":"River in Wheatbelt region of Western AustraliaThe Mortlock River is a perennial river located in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia.","title":"Mortlock River"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Great Eastern Highway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Eastern_Highway"},{"link_name":"tributaries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary"},{"link_name":"Avon River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avon_River_(Western_Australia)"},{"link_name":"Northam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northam,_Western_Australia"},{"link_name":"course","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercourse"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bonzle-1"},{"link_name":"saline","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water"}],"text":"The headwaters of the river rise near Belmunging then flow in a northerly direction, crossed by the Goldfields Road and continuing in a north-westerly direction to finally flow parallel to the Northam York Road and crossed by the Great Eastern Highway. The river is joined by three minor tributaries; Mortlock River North, Mortlock River East and Meenaar South Creek. The river discharges into the Avon River, just west of Northam. The Mortlock descends 103 metres (338 ft) over its 81-kilometre (50 mi) course.[1]The river is saline and delivers the most salt (approximately 91 tonnes (90 long tons) per year) into the Avon River.","title":"Course and features"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"surveyor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveying"},{"link_name":"European","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"The river was named after the surveyor Henry Mortlock Ommanney in the 1830s. Ommanney was the first European to visit the river during an expedition through the area in 1835.[3]","title":"Name"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"Western Australia portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Western_Australia"},{"title":"List of watercourses in Western Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_watercourses_in_Western_Australia"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Map of Mortlock River, WA\". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. Retrieved 18 September 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=207146&cmd=sp","url_text":"\"Map of Mortlock River, WA\""}]},{"reference":"\"Avon River Basin Natural Resource Management Plan\". 2004. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090106004224/http://www.avonnrm.org.au/nrm_information/supporting_documents/water_resources_supporting_document.pdf/file/at_download","url_text":"\"Avon River Basin Natural Resource Management Plan\""},{"url":"http://www.avonnrm.org.au/nrm_information/supporting_documents/water_resources_supporting_document.pdf/file/at_download","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"History of river names – M\". Western Australian Land Information Authority. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210419212514/https://www0.landgate.wa.gov.au/maps-and-imagery/wa-geographic-names/name-history/History-of-river-names","url_text":"\"History of river names – M\""},{"url":"http://www0.landgate.wa.gov.au/maps-and-imagery/wa-geographic-names/name-history/History-of-river-names#M","url_text":"the original"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mortlock_River¶ms=31_38_41_S_116_40_20_E_type:river","external_links_name":"31°38′41″S 116°40′20″E / 31.64472°S 116.67222°E / -31.64472; 116.67222"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mortlock_River¶ms=31_51_48_S_117_9_2_E_","external_links_name":"31°51′48″S 117°9′2″E / 31.86333°S 117.15056°E / -31.86333; 117.15056"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mortlock_River¶ms=31_38_41_S_116_40_20_E_type:river","external_links_name":"31°38′41″S 116°40′20″E / 31.64472°S 116.67222°E / -31.64472; 116.67222"},{"Link":"http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=207146&cmd=sp","external_links_name":"\"Map of Mortlock River, WA\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090106004224/http://www.avonnrm.org.au/nrm_information/supporting_documents/water_resources_supporting_document.pdf/file/at_download","external_links_name":"\"Avon River Basin Natural Resource Management Plan\""},{"Link":"http://www.avonnrm.org.au/nrm_information/supporting_documents/water_resources_supporting_document.pdf/file/at_download","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210419212514/https://www0.landgate.wa.gov.au/maps-and-imagery/wa-geographic-names/name-history/History-of-river-names","external_links_name":"\"History of river names – M\""},{"Link":"http://www0.landgate.wa.gov.au/maps-and-imagery/wa-geographic-names/name-history/History-of-river-names#M","external_links_name":"the original"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Carr_(actor)
|
Alexander Carr
|
["1 Biography","2 Filmography","3 References","4 External links"]
|
American actor
Alexander CarrBornAlexander CarrMarch 7, 1878Romny, Russian EmpireDiedSeptember 19, 1946Los Angeles, CaliforniaResting placeHollywood Forever Cemetery, Hollywood California (Los Angeles County)Occupation(s)actorwriterYears active1907-1940Spouses
Helen Ryan Cressman
Helen Cunningham
Mary Carr
RelativesNat Carr (brother)
Alexander Carr (1878–1946) was a Russian born stage and screen actor, writer, vaudevillian, burlesque and circus performer.
Biography
He made his first stage appearance on stage at a music hall in St. Paul, Minnesota. He appeared later in theatres in Louisville, Nashville and Buffalo. In Chicago he appeared at the Trocadero theatre. His first New York appearance was in 1904 at the Circle Theatre in "Wine, Women and Song" imitating David Warfield. In 1907 he costarred with Jefferson De Angelis and Blanche Ring in the musical The Gay White Way on Broadway. He established an on stage partnership with friend Barney Bernard. Beginning in 1913 the two appeared in the long running ethnic Jewish play Potatsh and Perlmutter, one of the most successful plays of the early twentieth century Broadway. Carr played the part of Morris (*or ethnically Mawlruss) Perlmutter. The play was adapted to a silent film in 1923 and a sequel a year later after Bernard died. In addition to the Potash' movies, Carr appeared in silent film sporadically. In sound films his presence is more frequent and finished his last movie in 1940.
His younger brother was Nat Carr.
Carr died in Los Angeles in 1946.
Filmography
Potash and Perlmutter (1923)
In Hollywood with Potash and Perlmutter (1924)
Partners Again (1926)
The Beautiful Cheat (1926)
April Fool (1926)
The End of the World (1929)(*short)
No Greater Love (1932)
Uptown New York (1932)
The Death Kiss (1932)
Hypnotized (1932)
Her Splendid Folly (1933)
The Constant Woman (1933)
Out All Night (1933)
I Hate Women (1934)
Hide-Out (1934)(*uncredited)
Christmas in July (1940)
References
^ Silent Film Necrology, p.81 2ndEdition c.2001 by Eugene M. Vazzana ISBN 0-7864-1059-0
^ Who Was Who in the Theatre:1912-76, pgs.384-385 vol.1 A-C compiled from edition originally published annually by John Parker; 1976 edit. by Gale Research ISBN 0-8103-0406-6 (UK) ISBN 0-273-01313-0
^ Who Was Who on Screen p.70 2nd Edition c.1977 by Evelyn Mack Truitt ISBN 0-8352-0914-8
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alexander Carr.
Alexander Carr at IMDb
Alexander Carr at the Internet Broadway Database
Authority control databases International
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Israel
United States
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Alexander Carr (1878–1946)[1] was a Russian born stage and screen actor, writer, vaudevillian, burlesque and circus performer.","title":"Alexander Carr"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"David Warfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Warfield"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Jefferson De Angelis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_De_Angelis"},{"link_name":"Blanche Ring","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanche_Ring"},{"link_name":"Barney Bernard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Bernard"},{"link_name":"Potatsh and Perlmutter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potash_and_Perlmutter_(play)"},{"link_name":"silent film","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_film"},{"link_name":"sound films","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_films"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Nat Carr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Carr"}],"text":"He made his first stage appearance on stage at a music hall in St. Paul, Minnesota. He appeared later in theatres in Louisville, Nashville and Buffalo. In Chicago he appeared at the Trocadero theatre. His first New York appearance was in 1904 at the Circle Theatre in \"Wine, Women and Song\" imitating David Warfield.[2] In 1907 he costarred with Jefferson De Angelis and Blanche Ring in the musical The Gay White Way on Broadway. He established an on stage partnership with friend Barney Bernard. Beginning in 1913 the two appeared in the long running ethnic Jewish play Potatsh and Perlmutter, one of the most successful plays of the early twentieth century Broadway. Carr played the part of Morris (*or ethnically Mawlruss) Perlmutter. The play was adapted to a silent film in 1923 and a sequel a year later after Bernard died. In addition to the Potash' movies, Carr appeared in silent film sporadically. In sound films his presence is more frequent and finished his last movie in 1940.[3]His younger brother was Nat Carr.Carr died in Los Angeles in 1946.","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Potash and Perlmutter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potash_and_Perlmutter"},{"link_name":"In Hollywood with Potash and Perlmutter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Hollywood_with_Potash_and_Perlmutter"},{"link_name":"Partners Again","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partners_Again"},{"link_name":"The Beautiful Cheat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beautiful_Cheat_(1926_film)"},{"link_name":"April Fool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_Fool_(1926_film)"},{"link_name":"No Greater Love","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=No_Greater_Love_(1932_film)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Uptown New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uptown_New_York"},{"link_name":"The Death Kiss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Death_Kiss"},{"link_name":"Hypnotized","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnotized_(1932_film)"},{"link_name":"Her Splendid Folly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her_Splendid_Folly"},{"link_name":"The Constant Woman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Constant_Woman"},{"link_name":"Out All Night","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_All_Night_(1933_film)"},{"link_name":"I Hate Women","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Hate_Women&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hide-Out","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hide-Out"},{"link_name":"Christmas in July","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_in_July_(film)"}],"text":"Potash and Perlmutter (1923)\nIn Hollywood with Potash and Perlmutter (1924)\nPartners Again (1926)\nThe Beautiful Cheat (1926)\nApril Fool (1926)\nThe End of the World (1929)(*short)\nNo Greater Love (1932)\nUptown New York (1932)\nThe Death Kiss (1932)\nHypnotized (1932)\nHer Splendid Folly (1933)\nThe Constant Woman (1933)\nOut All Night (1933)\nI Hate Women (1934)\nHide-Out (1934)(*uncredited)\nChristmas in July (1940)","title":"Filmography"}]
|
[]
| null |
[]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0139588/","external_links_name":"Alexander Carr"},{"Link":"https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/4005","external_links_name":"Alexander Carr"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/19340783","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfmrXMtyPKBJPH9VgyDbd","external_links_name":"WorldCat"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987009645119405171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2002013431","external_links_name":"United States"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Party_of_Death
|
The Party of Death
|
["1 Reviews","2 Publicity","3 References","4 External links"]
|
2006 book by Ramesh Ponnuru
The Party of Death AuthorRamesh PonnuruLanguageEnglishSubjectRight to life, Abortion, Euthanasia, and the Democratic Party.PublisherRegnery PublishingPublication dateApril 24, 2006Publication placeUnited StatesMedia typePrint (Hardcover)Pages320ISBN1-59698-004-4OCLC65063705Dewey Decimal363.46 22LC ClassHQ767.5.U5 P66 2006
The Party of Death: The Democrats, the Media, the Courts, and the Disregard for Human Life is a book authored by Ramesh Ponnuru. The hardcover edition, published by Regnery Publishing, was released on April 24, 2006, and consists of 320 pages. Controversially titled, the work is an exposition on such right to life issues as abortion and euthanasia, concentrating on the United States Democratic Party's shift from anti-abortion to abortion rights.
Reviews
Jonah Goldberg, at the time NRO Editor at Large, claims that "Ponnuru scrupulously sticks to nonreligious arguments, accessible to everyone. But that hasn't stopped critics from charging that his motives are unacceptably 'religious,' while others have complained Ponnuru is too coldly rational. Again it seems Ponnuru's real sin isn't how he says things, but that he says them at all."
John Derbyshire writes: "RTL is made as presentable as possible in Party of Death, with writing that is engaging and lucid.... RTL-ers are welcoming Party of Death very joyfully, though, and they are right to do so, as it is an exceptionally fine piece of polemical writing in support of their... cause.... Party of Death is obviously inspired by religious belief. The philosophical passages strictly follow the Golden Rule of religious apologetics, which is: The conclusion is known in advance, and the task of the intellectual is to erect supporting arguments."
Possibly in response to these accusations of having an overtly religious viewpoint in approaching the issue, Ponnuru himself addressed the issue head on: "I have made a show of reasoning, but my conclusions have all rather conveniently lined up with the teachings of my church.... For the record, my views on abortion have not changed since I was an agnostic.... It is true that I am a Catholic. It is also true that I believe that my church's teaching on abortion is reasonable, sound, and correct. It is because I came to believe that Catholicism is true, after all, that I became a Catholic. If I didn't believe Catholic teachings were true, I wouldn't be a Catholic. So what?"
Publicity
The Daily Show host Jon Stewart interviewed Ponnuru on May 17, 2006, as part of promotional tour for his book. The Colbert Report host Stephen Colbert interviewed Ponnuru on August 14, 2006.
References
^ Ramesh Ponnuru (2006) The Party of Death: The Democrats, the Media, the Courts, and the Disregard for Human Life.Description & Contents, using up/down arrows. Book details from the publisher, Regnery Publishing. ISBN 9781596980044, ISBN 1596980044
2006-06-15
^ Abortion Rhymes with Death Goldberg, J. 2006-06-16
^ A Frigid and Pitiless Dogma Derbyshire, J. June, 2006.
^ Ponnuru, Ramesh (2006-06-07). "Unreason: John Derbyshire vs. pro-lifers". National Review Online. Archived from the original on 2007-08-07.
External links
http://www.partyofdeathbook.com
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ramesh Ponnuru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesh_Ponnuru"},{"link_name":"Regnery Publishing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnery_Publishing"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"right to life","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_life"},{"link_name":"abortion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion"},{"link_name":"euthanasia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthanasia"},{"link_name":"Democratic Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"anti-abortion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-abortion"},{"link_name":"abortion rights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_rights"}],"text":"The Party of Death: The Democrats, the Media, the Courts, and the Disregard for Human Life is a book authored by Ramesh Ponnuru. The hardcover edition, published by Regnery Publishing, was released on April 24, 2006, and consists of 320 pages.[1] Controversially titled, the work is an exposition on such right to life issues as abortion and euthanasia, concentrating on the United States Democratic Party's shift from anti-abortion to abortion rights.","title":"The Party of Death"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jonah Goldberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonah_Goldberg"},{"link_name":"NRO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Review"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"John Derbyshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Derbyshire"},{"link_name":"RTL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_life"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Jonah Goldberg, at the time NRO Editor at Large, claims that \"Ponnuru scrupulously sticks to nonreligious arguments, accessible to everyone. But that hasn't stopped critics from charging that his motives are unacceptably 'religious,' while others have complained Ponnuru is too coldly rational. Again it seems Ponnuru's real sin isn't how he says things, but that he says them at all.\"[2]John Derbyshire writes: \"RTL is made as presentable as possible in Party of Death, with writing that is engaging and lucid.... RTL-ers are welcoming Party of Death very joyfully, though, and they are right to do so, as it is an exceptionally fine piece of polemical writing in support of their... cause.... Party of Death is obviously inspired by religious belief. The philosophical passages strictly follow the Golden Rule of religious apologetics, which is: The conclusion is known in advance, and the task of the intellectual is to erect supporting arguments.\"[3]Possibly in response to these accusations of having an overtly religious viewpoint in approaching the issue, Ponnuru himself addressed the issue head on: \"I have made a show of reasoning, but my conclusions have all rather conveniently lined up with the teachings of my church.... For the record, my views on abortion have not changed since I was an agnostic.... It is true that I am a Catholic. It is also true that I believe that my church's teaching on abortion is reasonable, sound, and correct. It is because I came to believe that Catholicism is true, after all, that I became a Catholic. If I didn't believe Catholic teachings were true, I wouldn't be a Catholic. So what?\"[4]","title":"Reviews"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Daily Show","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Show"},{"link_name":"Jon Stewart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Stewart"},{"link_name":"The Colbert Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Colbert_Report"},{"link_name":"Stephen Colbert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Colbert"}],"text":"The Daily Show host Jon Stewart interviewed Ponnuru on May 17, 2006, as part of promotional tour for his book. The Colbert Report host Stephen Colbert interviewed Ponnuru on August 14, 2006.","title":"Publicity"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Ponnuru, Ramesh (2006-06-07). \"Unreason: John Derbyshire vs. pro-lifers\". National Review Online. Archived from the original on 2007-08-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nationalreview.com/2006/06/unreason-ramesh-ponnuru/","url_text":"\"Unreason: John Derbyshire vs. pro-lifers\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070807011543/http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=MjFmMjRiNGI4Y2RhZjY5YjNlOGY0MjU4YzI0OTZkNmU","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65063705","external_links_name":"65063705"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=FYjmAgAAQBAJ","external_links_name":"Description"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=FYjmAgAAQBAJ","external_links_name":"Contents"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060615113710/http://www.regnery.com/books/partyofdeath.html","external_links_name":"Book details from the publisher"},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20120712135830/http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=ZjAyNzRlNDU3NmQ3ZjQwYWI1MTAyOTg2OTVjY2Y3NmU","external_links_name":"Abortion Rhymes with Death"},{"Link":"http://www.newenglishreview.org/custpage.cfm?frm=3190&sec_id=3190","external_links_name":"A Frigid and Pitiless Dogma"},{"Link":"https://www.nationalreview.com/2006/06/unreason-ramesh-ponnuru/","external_links_name":"\"Unreason: John Derbyshire vs. pro-lifers\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070807011543/http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=MjFmMjRiNGI4Y2RhZjY5YjNlOGY0MjU4YzI0OTZkNmU","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.partyofdeathbook.com/","external_links_name":"http://www.partyofdeathbook.com"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Best_Years
|
The Best Years
|
["1 Plot","2 Cast and characters","2.1 Main","2.2 Recurring","3 Episodes","3.1 Season 1 (2007)","3.2 Season 2 (2009)","4 Production notes","5 Home release","6 Ratings","7 References","8 External links"]
|
Canadian television series
For other uses, see The Best Years (disambiguation).
The Best YearsGenreDramaCreated byAaron MartinStarring
Charity Shea
Randal Edwards
Brandon Jay McLaren
Athena Karkanis
Jennifer Miller
Sherry Miller
Niall Matter
Tommy Lioutas
Michael Xavier
Nadiya Chettiar
Mishael Morgan
Theme music composerMark WiebeOpening theme"Infinite Possibility" by MarkattackCountry of originCanadaOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons2No. of episodes21 (list of episodes)ProductionExecutive producers
Aaron Martin (season 1)
Brenda Greenberg
Noreen Halpern
John Morayniss
Producers
Wendy Grean
Karen McClellan
Production locationsToronto, OntarioCamera setupSingle-cameraRunning time42 minutesProduction companies
Blueprint Entertainment
Best Years Productions
Original releaseNetwork
Global (2007)
E! (2009)
ReleaseMay 22, 2007 (2007-05-22) –June 8, 2009 (2009-06-08)
The Best Years is a Canadian drama television series about a group of college students at Charles University, a fictional Ivy League school in Boston, Massachusetts. It stars Charity Shea as Samantha Best, an orphan who lived in the foster care system for ten years before receiving a scholarship to Charles. The show was created by Aaron Martin and produced by Wendy Grean.
The first season aired on Global in Canada and on Noggin's teen block, The N, in the United States. The second season was shown in the United States on The N and in Canada on E!, CanWest's secondary network.
Plot
The show revolves around Samantha Best (Charity Shea). She receives a scholarship to attend Charles University, a fictional Ivy League college in Boston, Massachusetts, after bouncing between foster homes for ten years.
The first season included episodes about sensitive topics like cocaine addiction, inappropriate teacher-student relationships, and suicide. The second and final season picked up eight months after season one with several characters absent and replaced with new characters and focused romantic entanglements.
Cast and characters
Main
Charity Shea as Samantha Best
Randal Edwards as Noah Jensen
Jennifer Miller as Kathryn Klarner
Brandon Jay McLaren as Devon Sylver (season 1)
Athena Karkanis as Dawn Vargaz (season 1)
Niall Matter as Trent Hamilton (season 1)
Tommy Lioutas as Rich Powell (season 2)
Michael Xavier as Delman (season 2)
Nadiya Chettiar as Poppi Bansal (season 2)
Mishael Morgan as Robyn Crawford (season 2)
Recurring
Sherry Miller as Dorothy O'Sullivan
Lauren Collins as Alicia O'Sullivan (season 2; guest season 1)
Ashley Newbrough as Sloane McCarthy (season 1)
Ashley Diana Morris as Shannon Biel (season 1)
Alan Van Sprang as Lee Campbell (season 1)
Evan Buliung as Professor Warren
Episodes
SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired113May 22, 2007 (2007-05-22)August 14, 2007 (2007-08-14)28April 21, 2009 (2009-04-21)June 8, 2009 (2009-06-08)
Season 1 (2007)
The first season of The Best Years was first shown in Canada on Global from May 22 to August 14, 2007. In the United States, it aired on The N from June 29 to September 21, 2007, at 8:30 to 9:30 pm EST on Friday nights.
No.overall
No. inseason
Title
Directed by
Written by
Canadian air date
U.S. air date
11"Vertigo"Grant HarveyAaron MartinMay 22, 2007 (2007-05-22)June 29, 2007
Thanks to a scholarship, Samantha Best arrives at Charles University for her first year in residence. With years of poverty and foster-homes behind her she jumps into campus life excited about her future only to learn that she will be expelled if she does not find money for her meal plan. A night out with her room-mate Kathryn, star basketball player Devon and his room-mate John, ends with a tragic and fatal accident. Sam is pressured to keep the details of the accident a secret and risks her, and her newfound friends, being expelled if she comes clean. Her conscience in turmoil, she decides to confess, omitting any involvement of the others. Unknown to Sam, her scholarship benefactress, Dorothy O’Sullivan, comes to her aid – Charles University will pay a steep price if any charges are pressed against Samantha Best.
22"Notorious"UnknownUnknownMay 29, 2007 (2007-05-29)July 6, 2007
Devon is worried about the possible repercussions of Samantha’s confession. Kathryn, also angry, retaliates with a ‘noise war’. When Sam casually mentions her problems to Darryl, the R.A., he makes her life hell by turning her complaint into a dormitory wide noise ban and earning her the nickname ‘narc’. Things escalate when Sam is dyed purple in a shower prank. She quickly hatches a plan to redeem herself by throwing the party of all parties with the help of floor-mates, the slightly geeky Cynthia and late-comer to the floor Noah. When the party has a pitiful turnout, Devon saves the day with a keg of beer and an entourage of students looking for a good time, only for the party to be raided by Darryl and campus security. Meanwhile, Sam’s business professor singles out his purple student and suggests that high grades from her ‘part of town’ are meaningless – she does not belong in his class. And Dawn (Athena Karkanis) auditions for Macbeth, landing the choice role of Lady Macbeth, much to the drama department’s chagrin.
33"It Should Happen to You"UnknownUnknownJune 5, 2007 (2007-06-05)July 13, 2007
Samantha decides that in order to be a success she should rush the sorority that Dorothy O’Sullivan belonged to and is horrified to discover that Kathryn is rushing the same house – there is only room for one. Samantha is an instant hit with Sloane (Ashley Newbrough), the sorority’s president, and membership seems certain. The stakes are high and the competition between her and Kathryn is so fierce that Sam goes the extra mile and pawns her mother’s engagement ring to be able to afford a dress to impress the sorority girls. Kathryn suggests a truce in return for getting her in with Sloane. What Sam does not realize is that Kathryn is actually trying to get in with Sloane’s boyfriend, Beau. Meanwhile, just as things are heating up between Sam and Devon, she has to refuse a date offer as she has sorority obligations. This lands Devon in the arms of a very available and understanding cheerleader, Shannon. Sam loses her chance at sorority membership, a relationship with Devon, and when she goes back to retrieve her mother’s engagement ring from the pawn shop, it is gone.
44"From Here to Eternity"Gail HarveyAaron MartinJune 12, 2007 (2007-06-12)July 20, 2007
When Sam’s business professor announces a Donald Trump-style Apprentice assignment that will see the losing team kicked out of class, she teams up with Noah and they wrack their brains for the ultimate marketing plan. The plan they choose requires Devon’s participation. Although Sam and he are no longer a couple, Devon agrees to help, much to the annoyance of his new girlfriend, Shannon. Their assignment has Samantha and Noah working together around the clock and Samantha starts to wonder if Noah is the guy for her. Noah also starts to have feelings for Sam, but when he confides in Devon, Devon lashes out in a fit of jealousy. Noah sets both of his friends straight. They are not over each other by a long shot. Meanwhile, Kathryn gets closer to Beau, threatening his relationship with Sloane.
55"Secrets and Lies"UnknownUnknownJune 19, 2007 (2007-06-19)July 27, 2007
After Sam pulls a drunken Cynthia off the Colony dance floor, she soon realizes that Cynthia is plagued with family problems. Sam is determined to stick by her friend, but suddenly Cynthia starts showing up everywhere she goes. Samantha pleads with her boss Lee to have a night off, hoping Trent will take her shift. Trent and Dawn are trying to talk the boss into dating, but Lee has his own reasons why he has not. The newly united Sam and Devon make a date for Freak Fest, the big Halloween party at Colony, only to have their date interrupted by Cynthia’s arrival in a matching costume. With Devon’s insistence, Sam makes the situation clear and Cynthia reacts by storming off and hooking up with a very unlikely Brandon. A worried Sam arrives back at the dormitory to find a crowd gathered as Cynthia prepares to end her freak status for good.
66"Girl, Interrupted"UnknownUnknownJune 26, 2007 (2007-06-26)August 3, 2007
After visiting Cynthia in the hospital, Samantha tries to discover the cause of Cynthia’s breakdown and suicide attempt. Snooping in Cynthia’s room, Sam uncovers a disturbing clue, which points to a deep, dark and well-kept, Song family secret. Meanwhile, Dorothy is going out of town and offers her mansion to Samantha as a quiet study haven. While staying there Sam is stunned to meet Alicia, Dorothy’s estranged and rebellious daughter. When Dorothy arrives back in town and finds something missing from her home, she accuses Sam of the theft. Angry over the accusation, Sam tells Dorothy of Alicia’s visit and confronts her about their disaffected relationship. Samantha accepts Dorothy’s explanation, bringing the two even closer together. Meanwhile, Noah takes a shine to his film professor, who is rumored to have a propensity for hooking up with one attractive male student each year. Noah hopes that he is this term’s chosen one. Dawn’s diva behavior annoys her fellow thespians and if something does not change fast, the show will not go on.
77"Shadow of a Doubt"UnknownUnknownJuly 3, 2007 (2007-07-03)August 10, 2007
Samantha’s birthday is ruined by the unexpected return of her Uncle Patrick, the man who abandoned her to the foster system after her parents died. Patrick redeems himself, but Trent cannot help being protective of Sam and a bit suspicious of Patrick’s sudden arrival in her life. After a bit of digging around, Trent’s suspicions are confirmed and he tells Sam that her newly-reformed uncle is not being honest about his recent past. Sam's instincts were right, and this time she is the one to push Patrick out of her life. Meanwhile, Dawn continues to crush on Trent as she gears up for her big opening night of Macbeth but Trent is wrapped up with concern for Sam and is painfully oblivious to the attention. When Dawn and Trent finally make a connection at Sam's birthday party, they leave, only to have Trent walk out on Dawn. Also, Noah and the buff Brandon compete for the romantic attentions of Professor Grant. Noah eventually makes a pass at Grant who welcomes his attention. Kathryn is disturbed by the presence of Beau’s ex, Sloane in his life and worries about losing him, so she makes him a romantic strip video, for his eyes only.
88"All That Heaven Allows"UnknownUnknownJuly 10, 2007 (2007-07-10)September 7, 2007
Devon surprises Sam when he tells her he loves her. Sam does not say it back, and admits she is not sure she can. Sam is completely taken aback when her uncle Patrick shows up and tells her he is in desperate need of a kidney transplant and seeking a compatible donor. It seems he had an agenda after all. Devon does not want Sam to help him, it is too dangerous, but the fact that Patrick’s life might depend on her gnaws at Sam. While at work, Trent convinces Samantha to go to the clinic, and at least have a compatibility test. Trent accompanies her for moral support, which upsets Devon. Meanwhile, Noah turns up the heat with Professor Grant and can hardly believe his luck when she agrees to meet him at the dormitory while everyone is at the Macbeth opening. Kathryn is crazed when she hears Beau has lost her strip tape, and discovers that Sloane had access to his fraternity house. Dawn’s performance in Macbeth is a dramatic triumph and the gang all hit Colony for the after party. The party seems to be going well until Kathryn’s missing strip tape is shown on the walls of Colony, and until Dawn walks in on Trent as he kisses Sam in Colony’s back room. Despite the mishap with Trent, Sam tells Devon what he wants to hear, that she loves him, even if she is not sure. Meanwhile, Uncle Patrick discovers that Sam is not donor material.
99"Reality Bites"UnknownUnknownJuly 17, 2007 (2007-07-17)September 7, 2007
Sam is confused about her feelings for Trent and she still has not told Devon about their kiss. Uncle Patrick keeps calling with what seem to be questions about his pending kidney transplant, and Sam’s compatibility as a prospective donor, but are actually his attempts to reconcile his discovery about Samantha’s past. Dawn is shocked to find she is cut from the play because of her injuries suffered outside of Colony after the opening night party. Already livid with Sam over the Trent kiss, Dawn seals the end of their friendship. She takes her revenge by bringing Sam’s kiss with Trent out in the open, before Sam has a chance to tell Devon about the kiss herself. Sam apologizes, and Devon reveals that it is not the kiss that hurt the most, it is that she kept it a secret from him. Meanwhile, Trent is trying to push Sam into admitting her feelings for him. At the end of a tension-filled night at work, a gang of thugs break into Colony, and lock Sam and an injured Trent into a storage room while they ransack the premises. Devon is filled with anger and jealousy when Sam does not arrive back on time from work. He leaves her a voicemail message that causes Sam to cut him out of her life, once and for all. Also, Patrick surprises Dorothy with his news about Samantha’s past.
1010"Cruising"UnknownUnknownJuly 24, 2007 (2007-07-24)September 8, 2007
Sam is enraged when Professor Fisher makes a case study out of the Crazed College Girls (CCG) CEO, Mick Templeton, who happens to be a former business class student. Kathryn and Shannon are all over the CCG competition which offers an all-expenses paid trip to Cabo. Sam finds this raunch culture degrading at first, but when her Uncle Patrick lets her down one final time, Sam tires of being the ‘good girl’, and agrees to join Kathryn in the CCG competition. Letting loose, leading men on, and dressing sexy is both empowering and fun, and Sam and Kathryn end up being the belles of the CCG ball. But when the competition takes a more exploitative turn, Sam and Kathryn bow out, losing the trip to Cabo, but maintaining their dignity. Returning home the next morning, Sam bumps into Devon coming out of Dawn’s room. Sam heads off in search of her uncle Patrick and she finds him leaving for good and tearfully confronts him. Moved by her pleas, he cracks and tells her the truth about her family history, putting his deal with Dorothy in jeopardy. Meanwhile, Noah confronts Professor Grant about the secrecy of their relationship and eventually stumbles on the truth, that she is married. Noah tells Professor Grant he cannot be the other man, and they are over. Things are complicated when Noah discovers that Professor Grant has left her husband for him.
1111"Guess Who's Coming to Dinner"UnknownUnknownJuly 31, 2007 (2007-07-31)September 8, 2007
Sam and Trent continue to dance around their relationship status, are they a couple, or are they just friends? Trent scores some major points with Sam when he enlists the help of his lawyer father, Avery Hamilton, in Sam’s search for information about her family background. On the surface, Trent seems like perfect boyfriend material, and from a perfect upper-class family. But appearances are deceiving. Trent’s family is anything but healthy. Trent has a vice of his own and when Sam tries to open Trent’s eyes to his addiction, he refuses to listen, leading to an ugly argument at Colony. Trent walks away and ends up hanging with Alicia O’Sullivan and some other drug addicted friends, determined just to “have fun”. The fun comes to a screeching halt, however, when Alicia overdoses. Luckily, level-headed Sam, is there to call 911. Sam draws a line in the sand, either Trent cleans up or he has no chance with her. Meanwhile, a suspicious Professor Fisher puts two and two together, and realizes the “other man” who has ruined his marriage is his star student, Noah Jensen. Also, it becomes pretty clear to Dawn that Devon is dating her just to get back at Samantha.
1212"Five Easy Pieces"UnknownUnknownAugust 7, 2007 (2007-08-07)September 9, 2007
It is Charles U’s winter semi-formal, which should be a magical time for Samantha. The event is honoring Dorothy O’Sullivan’s philanthropic work with the school, but everything starts to go wrong. Colony’s liquor license has been revoked for a month after a drug-dealing incident. Sam is suddenly left without a job, or money to pay for her meal plan installments. Just when there seems like no hope, Dorothy offers her a way out: free room and board, living at her mansion. Needless to say, Sam’s friends at Macdonald Hall do not want her to leave, but the offer is too good to pass up, at least until Alicia O’Sullivan opens Sam’s eyes to Dorothy’s deepest secret. The big night arrives, and Sam walks into the ball with Trent on her arm, and a gracious Dorothy ready to show Sam off. Sam even reconciles with Dawn, and finally has her first real kiss with Trent. Sam’s uncle, Patrick Farrell, arrives at the party, seriously ill. He tells Sam that Dorothy promised him a kidney transplant in exchange for his silence, and then did not keep her word. Meanwhile, Kathryn gives an apologetic Beau Beecham one more shot, and lives to regret it when Beau does not realize that no means no. Also, Dawn is offered a role in a movie. Unfortunately, it turns out to be a movie version of Bel Air High, the TV show she went to Boston to escape. Dawn turns it down, but when her heart is broken again, she changes her mind and accepts the role.
1313"Mommy Dearest"UnknownUnknownAugust 14, 2007 (2007-08-14)September 9, 2007
As the first term comes to a close and with the holidays quickly approaching, Samantha decides to take the big leap and contact someone from her past. She feels a lot braver taking the risk with Trent by her side. While Sam and Trent have not officially declared themselves a couple, it looks like they are well on their way to getting their relationship off the ground. That is, until Trent messes up and instead of being the supportive shoulder for Sam to lean on, he reverts to his vice. This is the perfect opening for Devon, who confesses to Sam that he still loves her and asks her to give him a second chance. Meanwhile, Dawn struggles with the reality of accepting the role of ‘Snaps’ in the Bel Air High movie, forcing her to choose between a career in film or the new life she has been building for herself at Charles U.. Kathryn gets a reality check from school administration about the state of her grades – she has slipped from being an A+ student to just barely scraping by with a D. But after everything she has gone through, especially with Beau, Kathryn is determined to turn things around starting with picking out a new set of courses for the spring term. As the term comes to a close Sam and her close friends are faced with the toughest choices that will affect the rest of their lives, will they stay at Charles University or go their separate ways?
Season 2 (2009)
No. inseason
No. inseries
Title
Canadian air date
U.S. air date
Productioncode
114"Dangerous Liaisons"April 21, 2009 (2009-04-21)April 3, 2009201
After an eight-month detour to South America capped by a disastrous romantic fling, Samantha returns to Charles University for her second year and a chance to rebuild her life. Dorothy welcomes Sam back to school on the condition that she takes care of her new roommate – Dorothy’s rebellious daughter Alicia. A sorority sister from Gamma Kappa Nu tells Sam that Alicia is the intended victim of a frat prank. However, the real setup is to get Sam to humiliate Alicia, in order for the sorority to get on Alicia's good side.
215"Documentary"April 27, 2009 (2009-04-27)April 10, 2009202
Sam's English teacher becomes a mentor who helps her re-examine her childhood and shake up her new relationship with Rich. Meanwhile, Noah's documentary about the fast pace of life puts stress on his relationship with Robyn, and Kat reveals the promise she had to make to her parents in order to return to Charles U.
316"Dermabrasion"May 4, 2009 (2009-05-04)April 17, 2009203
When Sam casts a play about her innermost feelings, Robyn seizes the chance to rebel. Del and Kat psychoanalyze their friends. Robyn's father comes to visit her and although she was planning to change her major she discovers that it is what she really wants.
417"Different Hearts"May 11, 2009 (2009-05-11)April 24, 2009204
Alicia's pranks push Sam over the edge and Robyn knows about Noah's crush on Kat, and she has one too. Rich is thinking about breaking up with Sam. Alicia decides to leave Brown and go to live near Trent (Sam's old crush). Sam and Dorothy develop a closer relationship. Alicia and Sam began to communicate, just before Alicia's decision. Del gives Poppi the first edition of a comic book that she really likes. A new character appears.
518"Destiny"May 18, 2009 (2009-05-18)May 8, 2009205
Sam organizes a Canadian thanksgiving for Noah, which brings the dorm family together, but drives her and Rich apart. Poppi has a friend and he gives her cookies which are made with marijuana. Sam, Poppi, Del, Robyn, Noah, Kat and Sam's aunt end up drugged and Robyn reveals her crush to Kat and all the gang. Robyn kisses Del, and Sam thinks about calling Rich but decides to call Jake instead.
619"Duluth, Minnesota"May 25, 2009 (2009-05-25)May 15, 2009206
Sam's relationship with Alicia's ex-boyfriend Jake intensifies while Robyn makes a decision about her relationship with Noah. Sam starts a safe sex safe campaign giving away condoms, and she and Jake use one of those condoms. Sam then panics when Poppi tells them it might have had a hole so Sam is desperate and looks for the condom to check it was not broken.
720"Debtor's Prison"June 1, 2009 (2009-06-01)May 22, 2009207
Sam receives conflicting advice on how to win Rich back. Noah makes Dorothy the subject of his next film. Poppi and Del grow closer during a visit from her equally eccentric father. This episode guest stars John Worden.
821"Delirious"June 8, 2009 (2009-06-08)May 29, 2009208
Rich is less than happy when Sam's shot at writing for a newspaper involves the story of how they first met. Kat starts an inspirational group in an attempt to fill a spiritual void. Filmmaker Rob Stewart guest stars as himself and offers Rich a job as his intern which could mean being away from Sam. In the last episode of The Best Years, Sam makes a "happiness pact" with her friends and they challenge each other to do something they are afraid of to make themselves happier.
Production notes
The show's theme song is titled "Infinite Possibility" and was written and performed by Mark Wiebe, also known as Markattack or Sinewave. Outdoor scenes from the show were filmed on the campus of the University of Guelph in Guelph, Ontario, as well as the University of Toronto, and interior scenes of the campus were re-created at the Toronto Film Studios.
Home release
Entertainment One has released the entire series on DVD in Region 1.
DVD Name
Ep #
Release Date
The Complete First Season
13
March 10, 2009
The Complete Second and Final Season
8
June 15, 2010
Ratings
According to Mediaweek, ratings the show debuted with 323,250 total viewers on Friday, June 29 at 8:30 p.m. ET, which more than doubled the time period average.
References
^ "About the Show". The Best Years. Archived from the original on 2007-06-04. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
^ "TV Show Filmed on Campus Debuts 22 May". University of Guelph. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
^ Lambert, David (2008-12-12). "The Best Years - 1st Season of the Series from Degrassi Producer/Writer Aaron Martin Coming to DVD". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on 2008-12-16. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
^ Lambert, David (2010-04-09). "The Best Years - Cover Art, Cost and More for The Complete 2nd Season". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on 2010-07-17. Retrieved 2011-06-10.
External links
Television portalCanada portal
Official website at the Wayback Machine (archive index)
The Best Years at IMDb
Interview with series creator Aaron Martin on YouTube
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She receives a scholarship to attend Charles University, a fictional Ivy League college in Boston, Massachusetts, after bouncing between foster homes for ten years.The first season included episodes about sensitive topics like cocaine addiction, inappropriate teacher-student relationships, and suicide. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullock_Pike
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Ullock Pike
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["1 Name","2 Topography","3 Geology","4 Ascents","5 Summit","6 References"]
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Coordinates: 54°38′53″N 3°10′23″W / 54.648°N 3.173°W / 54.648; -3.173Fell in the Lake District, England
Ullock PikeUllock Pike and Longside Edge fromthe Whinlatter Pass road.Highest pointElevation691 m (2,267 ft)Prominence14 m (46 ft)Parent peakLong SideListingWainwrightCoordinates54°38′53″N 3°10′23″W / 54.648°N 3.173°W / 54.648; -3.173GeographyUllock PikeLocation in Lake District, UK
LocationCumbria, EnglandParent rangeLake District, Northern FellsOS gridNY244287Topo mapOS Landranger 89, 90, OS Explorer 4
Ullock Pike is a fell situated in northern part of the English Lake District. It is located seven kilometres north west of Keswick and achieves a height of 691 metres (2,267 ft). The fell sits on Skiddaw’s south western ridge along with two other fells (Long Side and Carl Side), this ridge is regarded as the finest way to ascend Skiddaw, with Alfred Wainwright commenting:
‘There is no doubt in my mind that by far the best approach to the top of Skiddaw is by way of its north-west ridge. This offers a fine expedition along a narrow crest in exciting surroundings and provides excellent views throughout … for the collector of summits here are three waiting to be picked off in addition to Skiddaw’.
Name
The fell’s name comes from the Old Norse language and translates as ‘The peak where the wolves play’. With úlfr meaning wolf and leikr meaning play, there are records that the fell was called Ulvelaik in the 13th century.
Topography
Ullock Pike drops away steeply on its eastern side to the little-known valley of Southerndale while its western slopes, which are clothed in woodland lower down, fall to Bassenthwaite Lake. When viewed from the north Ullock Pike is observed as a slender peak which catches the eye but from other directions it is seen as just a bump at the end of Longside Edge. The fell of Long Side is just 600 metres (660 yd) away along the ridge to the south west and Ullock Pike has just 14 metres of topographic prominence from it and therefore fails to qualify as a Hewitt or a Nuttall and relies on Wainwright to give it the status of a separate fell, which he does mainly because of the quality of the view and the excellence of its form from the north.
Ullock Pike has a low-lying outlying top, which stands 1.5 kilometres (1 mile) away along the northern ridge and has the unusual name of ‘Watches’. With a height of 333 metres (1,093 ft) it is a distinctive summit made more remarkable by an unusual rash of igneous rocks amongst the grass and local Skiddaw slate. These give the initial impression of being an ancient stone circle or even a small quarry but are apparently a natural rock formation.Ullock Pike (centre) and Long Side (left) from the north east
Geology
In common with much of the Northern Fells the Kirk Stile Formation of the Skiddaw Group predominates. This is composed of laminated mudstone and siltstone with greywacke sandstone and is of Ordovician age. There are many small intrusions of lamprophyre and diorite.
Ascents
There are two possible starting points for the ascent of Ullock Pike from the north, the one from the Ravenstone Hotel at grid reference NY235296 is hampered by a lack of parking space but does have a bus stop (there is parking in Dodd Wood 1.5 km to the south). The other starting place is at NY236310 on the minor road to Orthwaite. Both routes utilise the northern ridge to climb the fell. There is a significant false top which is in view for a long time before the true summit is attained.
Summit
The top of the fell is a small neat spot carpeted with heather which gives a fine all-round view even though it is curtailed by the bulk of Skiddaw to the east.
References
A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, The Northern Fells, Alfred Wainwright ISBN 0-7112-2458-7
Complete Lakeland Fells, Bill Birkett, ISBN 0-00-713629-3
Wainwright’s Favourite Lakeland Mountains, Alfred Wainwright, ISBN 0-7181-3370-6
The Mountains of England and Wales, John and Anne Nuttall, ISBN 1-85284-037-4
Place names of the Lake District
^ British Geological Survey: 1:50,000 series maps, England & Wales Sheet 29: BGS (1999)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ullock Pike.
vteWainwright's Northern Fells
Bakestall
Bannerdale Crags
Binsey
Blencathra
Bowscale Fell
Brae Fell
Carl Side
Carrock Fell
Dodd
Great Calva
Great Cockup
Great Sca Fell
High Pike
Knott
Latrigg
Longlands Fell
Long Side
Lonscale Fell
Meal Fell
Mungrisdale Common
Skiddaw
Skiddaw Little Man
Souther Fell
Ullock Pike
Full list of Wainwrights by area
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlic_Pinto
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Erlic Pinto
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["1 Early life and education","2 Military career","2.1 World War II","2.2 Post-Independence","2.3 Annexation of Goa","3 Death and legacy","4 References","5 Bibliography"]
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Indian Air Force officer
Air Vice MarshalE W PintoPVSMBorn(1921-06-29)29 June 1921Died22 November 1963(1963-11-22) (aged 42)Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir, IndiaAllegiance United Kingdom (1940–1942) British India (1942–1947) India (from 1947)Service/branch Royal Air Force Royal Indian Air Force Indian Air ForceYears of service1940–1963Rank Air Vice MarshalCommands heldWestern Air CommandAir Force Station PalamNo. 4 SquadronBattles/warsWorld War IIAnnexation of GoaAwards Param Vishisht Seva MedalMentioned in dispatches (2)
Air Vice Marshal Erlic Wilmot Pinto, PVSM (29 June 1921 – 22 November 1963) was an Air officer in the Indian Air Force. He was the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C) Western Air Command when he was killed in the 1963 Poonch Indian Air Force helicopter crash. He served in the IAF from 1940 until his death in 1963. He was the theatre air commander commanding the air operations during the Annexation of Goa.
Early life and education
Erlic Pinto was born on 29 June 1921 into the Pinto do Rosario family of Porvorim, Goa. His brothers Fausto and Norman also served in the Indian Armed Forces. Fausto joined the Indian Navy and retired as a Rear Admiral while Norman joined the Indian Army and retired as a captain. He attended the St. Paul's School, Belgaum and the St. Xavier's College, Mumbai.
Military career
World War II
In August 1940 Pinto was seconded to the UK along with 23 other trained Indian pilots. He served with the No. 12 Squadron RAF from 1940 to 1942. In 1942, he returned to India and joined the oldest squadron of the IAF, No. 1 Squadron IAF, then commanded by Squadron Leader Henry Runganadhan. After a short stint, he was transferred to No. 7 Squadron IAF. In October 1943, he was promoted to the acting rank of flight lieutenant and took command of a flight. The commander of the other flight in the squadron was Flt Lt Pratap Chandra Lal. The squadron was equipped with the Vultee A-31 Vengeance dive bombers and supported the Chindits. The squadron also helped in relieving the Siege of Imphal.
For his service in Burma, Pinto was mentioned in dispatches in December 1944. After a two-year stint in No. 7 Squadron, he served briefly with No. 9 Squadron IAF. He was promoted to the acting rank of squadron leader and took command of No. 4 Squadron IAF in August 1945. After the war, Pinto was absorbed into the permanent cadre of the IAF. In July 1946, he took charge of the Initial Training Wing (ITW) (later Air Force Administrative College) at Coimbatore. The ITW was based at Pune and Pinto served as the first commandant of the college in Coimbatore, where it has remained since.
Post-Independence
On 15 August 1947, with the partition of India, a new Air Headquarters of the Dominion of India was formed. Pinto was promoted to the acting rank of wing commander and served in the Directorate of Organisation at Air HQ. In December, the RIAF took over Air Force Station Palam from the Royal Air Force. Pinto took over the airbase thus becoming the first RIAF officer to take command. The airbase was a part of the No. 1 Operational Group commanded by Air Commodore Mehar Singh and participated in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. For the command of the airbase during the war, Pinto was mentioned in dispatches. He was promoted to substantive wing commander on 15 August 1948.
In November 1948, Pinto was promoted to the acting rank of group captain and took command of the Advanced Training School (AFS) at Ambala. The AFS was rechristened No. 1 Air Force Academy in July 1949. In February 1950, Pinto was appointed the second air advisor to the High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom at India House, London. The High Commissioner throughout his tenure was V. K. Krishna Menon, who later became the minister of defence. Pinto was selected to attend the RAF Staff College, Andover in April 1952. After completing the year-long staff course, he was promoted to substantive group captain.
Pinto served as the Director of Policy and Plans at Air HQ from 1955 to 1958. In May 1958, he was promoted to the acting rank of air commodore and took over as the air officer-in-charge administration (AOA). As the AOA, he served as a principal staff officer to the CAS Air Marshal Subroto Mukerjee. In November 1959, Pinto was promoted to the acting rank of air vice marshal and appointed air officer commanding-in-chief (AOC-in-C) Operational Command. He took over the command from Air Vice Marshal Arjan Singh. In December 1960, he took the salute at the passing out parade at the Air Force Station Hyderabad.
Annexation of Goa
Main article: Annexation of Goa
In December 1961, the Indian Armed Forces launched Operation Vijay against Portuguese India. The overall commander of the operation was Lieutenant General Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri, the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command. Pinto, as the AOC-in-C Operational Command was the theatre air commander. He had forces in the airbases in Pune and Belgaum for the operation. These consisted of a section of four Dassault Mystères, a squadron of Toofanis and a signal unit under him. This was the first real action seen by the Mysteres.
The mandate handed to Pinto was listed out as follows:
The destruction of Goa's lone airfield in Dabolim, without causing damage to the terminal building and other airport facilities.
Destruction of the wireless station at Bambolim, Goa.
Denial of airfields at Daman and Diu, which were, however, not to be attacked without prior permission.
Support to advancing ground troops.
The air forces under Pinto bombed the Diu Island. The ammunition, petroleum dumps and water reservoirs were destroyed by the bombers. The Portuguese strong-points of Fort-De-Cova, Secho and Fort-De-Mar were heavily also damaged.
Death and legacy
Main article: 1963 Poonch Indian Air Force helicopter crash
On 22 November 1963, Pinto was killed when his helicopter crashed en route to Poonch. In a great loss to the Indian Armed Forces, the crash claimed six distinguished officers. The officers who were on the helicopter apart from Pinto were:
Lieutenant General Daulet Singh, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Command
Lieutenant General Bikram Singh, General Officer Commanding XV Corps
Major General N K D Nanavati, General Officer Commanding 25 Infantry Division
Brigadier S R Oberoi, Commander 93 Infantry Brigade
Flight Lieutenant S S Sodhi, Pilot
The news of the air crash came as a shock to the nation. Multiple distinguished visitors paid their respects, including Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the Chief of the Air Staff Aspy Engineer. A black-bordered extraordinary Gazette of India was issued on 23 November. Pinto was laid to rest with full military honours. The funeral procession started at the Pinto residence on Akbar Road. The coffin was placed on a gun carriage and moved on to the cemetery on Prithviraj Road. The Pallbearers were 10 officers of the rank of Air Vice Marshal, including future Chiefs Arjan Singh, Pratap Chandra Lal, Om Prakash Mehra. He was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal posthumously on 26 January 1964.
A memorial has been built at the site of the air crash, commemorating the names of the victims. The Indian Army organises an annual event to pay homage to them. An 'Akhand Path' is also organised by the people of Poonch and surrounding villages, as a mark of their love and affection towards the departed souls, every year to commemorate the tragic accident.
References
^ "Grateful Tributes To ACM Arjan Singh". The Navhind Times. 17 September 2017.
^ a b c "PIB (Defence Wing)" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 25 February 1950.
^ Chowdhry, Mohindra S. (2018). "7. Sikhs in the Second World War". Defence of Europe by Sikh Soldiers in the World Wars. Leicestershire: Troubador Publishing Ltd. pp. 329–383. ISBN 978-1788037-983.
^ a b "Air Vice-marshal E.W. Pinto" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 22 November 1963. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2022.
^ a b c "Service Record for Air Vice Marshal Erlic Wilmot Pinto 1593 GD(P) at Bharat Rakshak.com". Bharat Rakshak.
^ Lal 1986, p. 30.
^ "No. 36866". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1944. p. 104.
^ "AF Administrative College | Indian Air Force | Government of India". indianairforce.nic.in.
^ "RIAF Appointments" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 14 August 1947. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
^ "RIAF TAKES OVER PALAM AIR STATION" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 15 December 1947.
^ "PIB (Defence Wing)" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 9 June 1948.
^ "RIAF POSTINGS" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 18 November 1948.
^ "TRAINING COMMAND | Indian Air Force | Government of India". indianairforce.nic.in.
^ "High Commission of India, London, United Kingdom : Former High Commissioners of India to the United Kingdom". www.hcilondon.gov.in.
^ "AIR RANK FOR SIX GROUP CAPTAINS" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 25 May 1958.
^ "SWEDISH AIR CHIEF MEETS DEPUTY DEFENCE MINISTER" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 12 November 1959.
^ "HYDERABAD PARADE" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 13 December 1960.
^ a b "The Tribune...Sunday Reading". www.tribuneindia.com.
^ Pandey & Singh 2017, p. 30.
^ "Grateful Tributes To ACM Arjan Singh". The Navhind Times. 17 September 2017.
^ Times, Thomas F. Brady Special To the New York (23 November 1963). "5 INDIAN GENERALS DIE IN AIR CRASH; Their Copter in Kashmir Is Said to Have Hit Wire". The New York Times.
^ a b "Extraordinary" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 23 November 1963.
^ Service, Tribune News. "General who called a spade a spade". Tribuneindia News Service.
^ "PIB" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 23 November 1963.
^ "AVM PINTO LAID TO REST" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 23 November 1963.
^ "FORTY ONE AWARDS FOR AIR FORCE PERSONNEL" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 24 January 1964.
^ Vaz 1997.
^ "Indian army remembers 1963 Poonch crash victims". Business Standard India. 22 November 2013.
Bibliography
Lal, P.C. (1986), My years with the IAF, Lancer Publishers, ISBN 8170620082
Sapru, Somnath (2014), Combat Lore: Indian Air Force 1930-1945, K W Publishers Pvt Ltd, ISBN 978-9383649259
Pandey, Hemant Kumar; Singh, Manish Raj (2017), India's Major Military & Rescue Operations, Horizon Books, ISBN 978-9386369390
Vaz, J Clement (1997), Profiles of Eminent Goans: Past and Present, Concept Publishing Co, ISBN 978-8170226192
Military offices
New titleOffice re-designated
Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Air Command 1963–1963
Succeeded byPratap Chandra Lal
Preceded byArjan Singh
Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Operational Command 1959–1963
Office re-designated
New titleNew office
Station Commander Air Force Station Palam 1947–1948
Succeeded byMaurice Barker
Preceded byJagdev Chandra
Commanding Officer No. 7 Squadron IAF 1944–1945
Succeeded byJagdev Chandra
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He was the theatre air commander commanding the air operations during the Annexation of Goa.","title":"Erlic Pinto"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Porvorim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porvorim"},{"link_name":"Goa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa"},{"link_name":"Indian Armed Forces","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces"},{"link_name":"Indian Navy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Navy"},{"link_name":"Rear Admiral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear_admiral_(India)"},{"link_name":"Indian Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Army"},{"link_name":"captain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Navhind-1"},{"link_name":"St. Paul's School, Belgaum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Paul%27s_School,_Belgaum"},{"link_name":"St. Xavier's College, Mumbai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Xavier%27s_College,_Mumbai"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PIB_1950-2"}],"text":"Erlic Pinto was born on 29 June 1921 into the Pinto do Rosario family of Porvorim, Goa. His brothers Fausto and Norman also served in the Indian Armed Forces. Fausto joined the Indian Navy and retired as a Rear Admiral while Norman joined the Indian Army and retired as a captain.[1] He attended the St. Paul's School, Belgaum and the St. Xavier's College, Mumbai.[2]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Military career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"23 other trained Indian pilots","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Indian_pilots_(1940)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Chowdhry2018-3"},{"link_name":"No. 12 Squadron RAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._12_Squadron_RAF"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PIBBio-4"},{"link_name":"No. 1 Squadron IAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._1_Squadron_IAF"},{"link_name":"No. 7 Squadron IAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._7_Squadron_IAF"},{"link_name":"flight lieutenant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_Lieutenant"},{"link_name":"flight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_(military_unit)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BR_service_record-5"},{"link_name":"Pratap Chandra Lal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratap_Chandra_Lal"},{"link_name":"Vultee A-31 Vengeance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vultee_A-31_Vengeance"},{"link_name":"dive bombers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dive_bomber"},{"link_name":"Chindits","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chindits"},{"link_name":"Siege of Imphal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Imphal"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal198630-6"},{"link_name":"Burma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma"},{"link_name":"mentioned in dispatches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentioned_in_dispatches"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"No. 9 Squadron IAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._9_Squadron_IAF"},{"link_name":"squadron leader","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squadron_Leader"},{"link_name":"No. 4 Squadron IAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._4_Squadron_IAF"},{"link_name":"Air Force Administrative College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Administrative_College"},{"link_name":"Coimbatore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coimbatore"},{"link_name":"Pune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pune"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AFAC-8"}],"sub_title":"World War II","text":"In August 1940 Pinto was seconded to the UK along with 23 other trained Indian pilots.[3] He served with the No. 12 Squadron RAF from 1940 to 1942.[4] In 1942, he returned to India and joined the oldest squadron of the IAF, No. 1 Squadron IAF, then commanded by Squadron Leader Henry Runganadhan. After a short stint, he was transferred to No. 7 Squadron IAF. In October 1943, he was promoted to the acting rank of flight lieutenant and took command of a flight.[5] The commander of the other flight in the squadron was Flt Lt Pratap Chandra Lal. The squadron was equipped with the Vultee A-31 Vengeance dive bombers and supported the Chindits. The squadron also helped in relieving the Siege of Imphal.[6]For his service in Burma, Pinto was mentioned in dispatches in December 1944.[7] After a two-year stint in No. 7 Squadron, he served briefly with No. 9 Squadron IAF. He was promoted to the acting rank of squadron leader and took command of No. 4 Squadron IAF in August 1945. After the war, Pinto was absorbed into the permanent cadre of the IAF. In July 1946, he took charge of the Initial Training Wing (ITW) (later Air Force Administrative College) at Coimbatore. The ITW was based at Pune and Pinto served as the first commandant of the college in Coimbatore, where it has remained since.[8]","title":"Military career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"partition of India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_India"},{"link_name":"Dominion of India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_India"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RIAF_Appointments_1947-9"},{"link_name":"wing commander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_Commander_(rank)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PIB_1950-2"},{"link_name":"Air Force Station Palam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palam_Air_Force_Station"},{"link_name":"Royal Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Air Commodore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_commodore_(India)"},{"link_name":"Mehar Singh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehar_Singh_(pilot)"},{"link_name":"Indo-Pakistani War of 1947","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947"},{"link_name":"mentioned in dispatches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentioned_in_dispatches"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MID-11"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BR_service_record-5"},{"link_name":"group captain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_captain_(India)"},{"link_name":"Ambala","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambala"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Training_Command_IAF-13"},{"link_name":"air advisor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_attach%C3%A9"},{"link_name":"High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Commissioners_of_India_to_the_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"India House, London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_House,_London"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PIB_1950-2"},{"link_name":"V. K. Krishna Menon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon"},{"link_name":"minister of defence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"RAF Staff College, Andover","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Staff_College,_Andover"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BR_service_record-5"},{"link_name":"air commodore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_commodore_(India)"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Air Marshal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Marshal_(India)"},{"link_name":"Subroto Mukerjee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subroto_Mukerjee"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"air vice marshal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_vice_marshal_(India)"},{"link_name":"air officer commanding-in-chief","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Officer_Commanding-in-Chief"},{"link_name":"Arjan Singh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjan_Singh"},{"link_name":"passing out parade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passing_out_(military)"},{"link_name":"Air Force Station Hyderabad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakimpet_Air_Force_Station"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"sub_title":"Post-Independence","text":"On 15 August 1947, with the partition of India, a new Air Headquarters of the Dominion of India was formed.[9] Pinto was promoted to the acting rank of wing commander and served in the Directorate of Organisation at Air HQ.[2] In December, the RIAF took over Air Force Station Palam from the Royal Air Force. Pinto took over the airbase thus becoming the first RIAF officer to take command.[10] The airbase was a part of the No. 1 Operational Group commanded by Air Commodore Mehar Singh and participated in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. For the command of the airbase during the war, Pinto was mentioned in dispatches.[11] He was promoted to substantive wing commander on 15 August 1948.[5]In November 1948, Pinto was promoted to the acting rank of group captain and took command of the Advanced Training School (AFS) at Ambala.[12] The AFS was rechristened No. 1 Air Force Academy in July 1949.[13] In February 1950, Pinto was appointed the second air advisor to the High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom at India House, London.[2] The High Commissioner throughout his tenure was V. K. Krishna Menon, who later became the minister of defence.[14] Pinto was selected to attend the RAF Staff College, Andover in April 1952. After completing the year-long staff course, he was promoted to substantive group captain.[5]Pinto served as the Director of Policy and Plans at Air HQ from 1955 to 1958. In May 1958, he was promoted to the acting rank of air commodore and took over as the air officer-in-charge administration (AOA).[15] As the AOA, he served as a principal staff officer to the CAS Air Marshal Subroto Mukerjee.[16] In November 1959, Pinto was promoted to the acting rank of air vice marshal and appointed air officer commanding-in-chief (AOC-in-C) Operational Command. He took over the command from Air Vice Marshal Arjan Singh. In December 1960, he took the salute at the passing out parade at the Air Force Station Hyderabad.[17]","title":"Military career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Indian Armed Forces","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces"},{"link_name":"Portuguese India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_India"},{"link_name":"Lieutenant General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(India)"},{"link_name":"Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayanto_Nath_Chaudhuri"},{"link_name":"General Officer Commanding-in-Chief","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Officer_Commanding-in-Chief"},{"link_name":"Southern Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Command_(India)"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Tribune_1999-18"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PIBBio-4"},{"link_name":"Pune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohegaon_Air_Force_Station"},{"link_name":"Belgaum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgaum_Airport"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPandeySingh201730-19"},{"link_name":"section","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_(military_unit)"},{"link_name":"Dassault Mystères","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dassault_Myst%C3%A8re"},{"link_name":"squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squadron_(aviation)"},{"link_name":"Toofanis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dassault_Ouragan"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"Diu Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diu_Island"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Tribune_1999-18"}],"sub_title":"Annexation of Goa","text":"In December 1961, the Indian Armed Forces launched Operation Vijay against Portuguese India. The overall commander of the operation was Lieutenant General Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri, the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command.[18] Pinto, as the AOC-in-C Operational Command was the theatre air commander.[4] He had forces in the airbases in Pune and Belgaum for the operation.[19] These consisted of a section of four Dassault Mystères, a squadron of Toofanis and a signal unit under him. This was the first real action seen by the Mysteres.[20]The mandate handed to Pinto was listed out as follows:The destruction of Goa's lone airfield in Dabolim, without causing damage to the terminal building and other airport facilities.\nDestruction of the wireless station at Bambolim, Goa.\nDenial of airfields at Daman and Diu, which were, however, not to be attacked without prior permission.\nSupport to advancing ground troops.The air forces under Pinto bombed the Diu Island. The ammunition, petroleum dumps and water reservoirs were destroyed by the bombers. The Portuguese strong-points of Fort-De-Cova, Secho and Fort-De-Mar were heavily also damaged. [18]","title":"Military career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Poonch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poonch_(town)"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NYT-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Extraordinary_Gazette-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Lieutenant General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(India)"},{"link_name":"Daulet Singh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daulet_Singh"},{"link_name":"General Officer Commanding-in-Chief","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Officer_Commanding-in-Chief"},{"link_name":"Western Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Command_(India)"},{"link_name":"Lieutenant General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(India)"},{"link_name":"Bikram Singh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikram_Singh_(lieutenant_general)"},{"link_name":"General Officer Commanding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Officer_Commanding"},{"link_name":"XV Corps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_Corps_(India)"},{"link_name":"Major General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_general_(India)"},{"link_name":"Brigadier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigadier_(India)"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India"},{"link_name":"Jawaharlal Nehru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru"},{"link_name":"Chief of the Air Staff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)"},{"link_name":"Aspy Engineer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspy_Engineer"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"Gazette of India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazette_of_India"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Extraordinary_Gazette-22"},{"link_name":"Akbar Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_Road"},{"link_name":"gun carriage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_carriage"},{"link_name":"Prithviraj Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prithviraj_Road"},{"link_name":"Pallbearers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallbearer"},{"link_name":"Arjan Singh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjan_Singh"},{"link_name":"Pratap Chandra Lal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratap_Chandra_Lal"},{"link_name":"Om Prakash Mehra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om_Prakash_Mehra"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"Param Vishisht Seva Medal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz1997-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"}],"text":"On 22 November 1963, Pinto was killed when his helicopter crashed en route to Poonch. In a great loss to the Indian Armed Forces, the crash claimed six distinguished officers.[21] The officers who were on the helicopter apart from Pinto were:[22][23]Lieutenant General Daulet Singh, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Command\nLieutenant General Bikram Singh, General Officer Commanding XV Corps\nMajor General N K D Nanavati, General Officer Commanding 25 Infantry Division\nBrigadier S R Oberoi, Commander 93 Infantry Brigade\nFlight Lieutenant S S Sodhi, PilotThe news of the air crash came as a shock to the nation. Multiple distinguished visitors paid their respects, including Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the Chief of the Air Staff Aspy Engineer.[24] A black-bordered extraordinary Gazette of India was issued on 23 November.[22] Pinto was laid to rest with full military honours. The funeral procession started at the Pinto residence on Akbar Road. The coffin was placed on a gun carriage and moved on to the cemetery on Prithviraj Road. The Pallbearers were 10 officers of the rank of Air Vice Marshal, including future Chiefs Arjan Singh, Pratap Chandra Lal, Om Prakash Mehra.[25] He was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal posthumously on 26 January 1964.[26]A memorial has been built at the site of the air crash, commemorating the names of the victims.[27] The Indian Army organises an annual event to pay homage to them. An 'Akhand Path' is also organised by the people of Poonch and surrounding villages, as a mark of their love and affection towards the departed souls, every year to commemorate the tragic accident.[28]","title":"Death and legacy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"8170620082","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8170620082"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-9383649259","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9383649259"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-9386369390","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9386369390"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-8170226192","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170226192"}],"text":"Lal, P.C. (1986), My years with the IAF, Lancer Publishers, ISBN 8170620082\nSapru, Somnath (2014), Combat Lore: Indian Air Force 1930-1945, K W Publishers Pvt Ltd, ISBN 978-9383649259\nPandey, Hemant Kumar; Singh, Manish Raj (2017), India's Major Military & Rescue Operations, Horizon Books, ISBN 978-9386369390\nVaz, J Clement (1997), Profiles of Eminent Goans: Past and Present, Concept Publishing Co, ISBN 978-8170226192","title":"Bibliography"}]
|
[]
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[{"reference":"\"Grateful Tributes To ACM Arjan Singh\". The Navhind Times. 17 September 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.navhindtimes.in/grateful-tributes-to-acm-arjan-singh/","url_text":"\"Grateful Tributes To ACM Arjan Singh\""}]},{"reference":"\"PIB (Defence Wing)\" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 25 February 1950.","urls":[{"url":"http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1950-JAN-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1950-02-25_097.pdf","url_text":"\"PIB (Defence Wing)\""}]},{"reference":"Chowdhry, Mohindra S. (2018). \"7. Sikhs in the Second World War\". Defence of Europe by Sikh Soldiers in the World Wars. Leicestershire: Troubador Publishing Ltd. pp. 329–383. ISBN 978-1788037-983.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=twFQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA329","url_text":"\"7. Sikhs in the Second World War\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1788037-983","url_text":"978-1788037-983"}]},{"reference":"\"Air Vice-marshal E.W. Pinto\" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 22 November 1963. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100445/https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1963-OCT-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-/PDF/DEF-1963-11-22_150.pdf","url_text":"\"Air Vice-marshal E.W. Pinto\""},{"url":"http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1963-OCT-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-/PDF/DEF-1963-11-22_150.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Service Record for Air Vice Marshal Erlic Wilmot Pinto 1593 GD(P) at Bharat Rakshak.com\". Bharat Rakshak.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/1593","url_text":"\"Service Record for Air Vice Marshal Erlic Wilmot Pinto 1593 GD(P) at Bharat Rakshak.com\""}]},{"reference":"\"No. 36866\". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1944. p. 104.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/36866/supplement/104","url_text":"\"No. 36866\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_London_Gazette","url_text":"The London Gazette"}]},{"reference":"\"AF Administrative College | Indian Air Force | Government of India\". indianairforce.nic.in.","urls":[{"url":"https://indianairforce.nic.in/content/af-administrative-college","url_text":"\"AF Administrative College | Indian Air Force | Government of India\""}]},{"reference":"\"RIAF Appointments\" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 14 August 1947. Retrieved 26 January 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1947-08-14_355.pdf","url_text":"\"RIAF Appointments\""}]},{"reference":"\"RIAF TAKES OVER PALAM AIR STATION\" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 15 December 1947.","urls":[{"url":"http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1947-12-15_441.pdf","url_text":"\"RIAF TAKES OVER PALAM AIR STATION\""}]},{"reference":"\"PIB (Defence Wing)\" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 9 June 1948.","urls":[{"url":"http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1948-JAN-JUNE-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1948-06-09_275.pdf","url_text":"\"PIB (Defence Wing)\""}]},{"reference":"\"RIAF POSTINGS\" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 18 November 1948.","urls":[{"url":"http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1948-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1948-11-18_366.pdf","url_text":"\"RIAF POSTINGS\""}]},{"reference":"\"TRAINING COMMAND | Indian Air Force | Government of India\". indianairforce.nic.in.","urls":[{"url":"https://indianairforce.nic.in/content/training-command","url_text":"\"TRAINING COMMAND | Indian Air Force | Government of India\""}]},{"reference":"\"High Commission of India, London, United Kingdom : Former High Commissioners of India to the United Kingdom\". www.hcilondon.gov.in.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hcilondon.gov.in/page/former-high-commissioners-of-india-to-the-united-kingdom/","url_text":"\"High Commission of India, London, United Kingdom : Former High Commissioners of India to the United Kingdom\""}]},{"reference":"\"AIR RANK FOR SIX GROUP CAPTAINS\" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 25 May 1958.","urls":[{"url":"http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1959-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1958-05-25_332.pdf","url_text":"\"AIR RANK FOR SIX GROUP CAPTAINS\""}]},{"reference":"\"SWEDISH AIR CHIEF MEETS DEPUTY DEFENCE MINISTER\" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 12 November 1959.","urls":[{"url":"http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1958-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1958-11-12_181.pdf","url_text":"\"SWEDISH AIR CHIEF MEETS DEPUTY DEFENCE MINISTER\""}]},{"reference":"\"HYDERABAD PARADE\" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 13 December 1960.","urls":[{"url":"http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1960-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1960-12-13_246.pdf","url_text":"\"HYDERABAD PARADE\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Tribune...Sunday Reading\". www.tribuneindia.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99feb21/sunday/head3.htm","url_text":"\"The Tribune...Sunday Reading\""}]},{"reference":"\"Grateful Tributes To ACM Arjan Singh\". The Navhind Times. 17 September 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.navhindtimes.in/grateful-tributes-to-acm-arjan-singh/","url_text":"\"Grateful Tributes To ACM Arjan Singh\""}]},{"reference":"Times, Thomas F. Brady Special To the New York (23 November 1963). \"5 INDIAN GENERALS DIE IN AIR CRASH; Their Copter in Kashmir Is Said to Have Hit Wire\". The New York Times.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1963/11/23/archives/5-indian-generals-die-in-air-crash-their-copter-in-kashmir-is-said.html","url_text":"\"5 INDIAN GENERALS DIE IN AIR CRASH; Their Copter in Kashmir Is Said to Have Hit Wire\""}]},{"reference":"\"Extraordinary\" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 23 November 1963.","urls":[{"url":"http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1963-OCT-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE-/PDF/DEF-1963-11-28_183.pdf","url_text":"\"Extraordinary\""}]},{"reference":"Service, Tribune News. \"General who called a spade a spade\". 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Business Standard India. 22 November 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/indian-army-remembers-1963-poonch-crash-victims-113112201006_1.html","url_text":"\"Indian army remembers 1963 Poonch crash victims\""}]},{"reference":"Lal, P.C. (1986), My years with the IAF, Lancer Publishers, ISBN 8170620082","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8170620082","url_text":"8170620082"}]},{"reference":"Sapru, Somnath (2014), Combat Lore: Indian Air Force 1930-1945, K W Publishers Pvt Ltd, ISBN 978-9383649259","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9383649259","url_text":"978-9383649259"}]},{"reference":"Pandey, Hemant Kumar; Singh, Manish Raj (2017), India's Major Military & Rescue Operations, Horizon Books, ISBN 978-9386369390","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9386369390","url_text":"978-9386369390"}]},{"reference":"Vaz, J Clement (1997), Profiles of Eminent Goans: Past and Present, Concept Publishing Co, ISBN 978-8170226192","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170226192","url_text":"978-8170226192"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:97.117.19.208
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User talk:97.117.19.208
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Unregistered editors using this IP address received messages on this talk page years ago. Since users of the IP address have likely changed, these messages have been removed. They can be viewed in the page history.
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Geolocate (Alternate)
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[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"User talk:97.117.19.208"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_films_of_2004
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List of Nigerian films of 2004
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["1 Films","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
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This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2018)
Nigerian Cinema
Before 1970
1970s
1980s
1990s
1990 1991 1992 1993 19941995 1996 1997 1998 1999
2000s
2000 2001 2002 2003 20042005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010s
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
2020s
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
vte
This is a list of Nigerian films released in 2004.
Films
Title
Director
Cast
Genre
Notes
Ref
2004
Fateful Love
Simi Opeoluwa
Ramsey Nouah
Omotola Jalade Ekeinde
Paul Obazele
Uche Amah Abriel
Made in 2 parts and produced by Andy Best Electronics
Goodbye New York 1 and 2
Tchidi Chikere
Genevieve Nnaji
Jim lyke
Rita Dominic
Chidi Mokeme
Shot in English Language, Igbo Language and Pidgin
Released on DVD by A2Z Movies International.
Home and Abroad
Lancelot Imasuen
John Okafor
Victor Oswuagwu
Izoya Isaac
Rita Azenobor
Shot in English Language and Pidgin
Released on DVD by Lancewealth Images and Ehizoya Golden Ent./Videofield.
Last Girl Standing 1 and 2
John Uche
Jim Iyke
Stepahnie Okereke
Robert Peters
Empress Njamah
Shot in English Language
Released on VCD by Konia Concept/P. M. O. Global.
Missing Angel
Charles Novia
Stella Damasus Aboderin
Desmond Elliot
Drama
The Mayors
Dickson Iroegbu
Richard Mofe-Damijo
Sam Dede
Segun Arinze
Drama
This film won the Best Picture award at the Africa Movie Academy Awards in 2005.
The London Boy
Simi Opeoluwa
Ramsey Nouah
Simone McIntyre
Segun Arinze
Uche Amah Abriiel
Made in 2 parts and produced by Andy Best Electronics
London Forever
Chico Ejiro
Shan George
Lanre Falana
Lilian Bach
Rachel Oniga
Released on VCD
Mr Ibu in London
Adim Williams
John Okafor
Ishola Oshun
Kareem Adepoju
Femi Falana
Released on VCD by Kas-Vid and Soft Touch Movies.
See also
List of Nigerian films
References
^ a b c d Haynes, Jonathan (4 October 2016). Nollywood: The Creation of Nigerian Film Genres. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-38795-6.
^ "AMAA Awards and Nominees 2005". Lagos, Nigeria: Africa Movie Academy Awards. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
^ Amatus, Azuh; Okoye. "Day I shot a movie in hell – Dickson Iroegbu". Daily Sun. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
External links
2004 films at the Internet Movie Database
vteCinema of NigeriaHistory
Colonial era
Golden Age
Video film era
New Nigerian cinema
Films
A–Z of films
By year
By director
LGBT-related
By genre
Action
Adventure
Biographical
Comedy
Crime
Dance
Documentary
Drama
Epic
Fantasy
Horror
Musical
Children
Road
Supernatural
Romance
Thriller
Personnel
Actors
Cinematographers
Directors
Producers
Screenwriters
Awards
Africa Movie Academy Awards
Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards
Best of Nollywood Awards
Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards
Nigeria Entertainment Awards
Nollywood Movies Awards
Nollywood and African Film Critics Awards
Festivals and events
Africa International Film Festival
Miscellaneous
Box Office
Cinema chains
Film Studios
vte2004 films
American
Argentine
Australian
Bangladeshi
Brazilian
British
Cambodian
Canadian
Chinese
Hong Kong
French
Indian
Bengali
Hindi
Kannada
Malayalam
Marathi
Ollywood
Punjabi
Tamil
Telugu
Israeli
Italian
Japanese
Malaysian
Maldivian
Mexican
Nigerian
Pakistani
Portuguese
Russian
South Korean
Spanish
vteLists of films by countryAfricaCentral
Angola
Central African Republic
Chad
Congo (Democratic Republic)
Zaire
Congo (Republic)
Gabon
Eastern
Burundi
Cameroon
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Mauritius
Mozambique
Rwanda
Somalia
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Northern
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
Morocco
Sudan
Tunisia
Western Sahara
Southern
Botswana
South Africa
Western
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cape Verde
Côte d'Ivoire
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Togo
AsiaCentral
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Eastern
China
Hong Kong
Macau
Japan
Korea
North Korea
South Korea
Mongolia
Taiwan
Southern
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Assamese
Bengali
Bhojpuri
Gujarati
Hindi
Kannada
Malayalam
Marathi
Odia
Punjabi
Tamil
Telugu
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Urdu
Punjabi
Pashto
Sindhi
Sri Lanka
Sinhala
Tamil
Southeastern
Burma
Cambodia
Indonesia
Laos
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Western
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Cyprus
Georgia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
EuropeEastern
Belarus
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Moldova
Poland
Romania
Russia
Slovakia
Soviet Union
Ukraine
Northern
Denmark
Estonia
Faroe Islands
Finland
Iceland
Latvia
Lithuania
Norway
Sweden
Southern
Albania
Andorra
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia
Greece
Italy
Macedonia
Malta
Montenegro
Portugal
Serbia
Serbia and Montenegro
Slovenia
Spain
Yugoslavia
Western
Austria
Belgium
France
Germany
East Germany
Ireland
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Monaco
Netherlands
Switzerland
United Kingdom
AmericasCentral Americaand the Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
Cuba
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
Guatemala
Guadeloupe
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Martinique
Nicaragua
Panama
Puerto Rico
Trinidad and Tobago
North
Canada
Greenland
Mexico
United States
South
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Niue
Papua New Guinea
Tonga
|
[{"links_in_text":[],"text":"This is a list of Nigerian films released in 2004.","title":"List of Nigerian films of 2004"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Films"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"List of Nigerian films","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_films"}]
|
[{"reference":"Haynes, Jonathan (4 October 2016). Nollywood: The Creation of Nigerian Film Genres. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-38795-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=cHUpDQAAQBAJ&dq=Koseegbe+1995&pg=PA320","url_text":"Nollywood: The Creation of Nigerian Film Genres"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-38795-6","url_text":"978-0-226-38795-6"}]},{"reference":"\"AMAA Awards and Nominees 2005\". Lagos, Nigeria: Africa Movie Academy Awards. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130129073035/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2005","url_text":"\"AMAA Awards and Nominees 2005\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Movie_Academy_Awards","url_text":"Africa Movie Academy Awards"},{"url":"http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2005","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Amatus, Azuh; Okoye. \"Day I shot a movie in hell – Dickson Iroegbu\". Daily Sun. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 9 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2006/jun/16/showtime-16-06-2006-004.html","url_text":"\"Day I shot a movie in hell – Dickson Iroegbu\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sun_(Nigeria)","url_text":"Daily Sun"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ef_(Cyrillic)
|
Ef (Cyrillic)
|
["1 History","2 Appearance","2.1 Slavic languages","3 Related letters and other similar characters","4 Computing codes","5 Cultural references","6 External links","7 References"]
|
Letter of the Cyrillic alphabet
For similar symbols, see Ø. Not to be confused with Greek letter Φ (phi) or the IPA symbol ɸ.
Cyrillic letter
Cyrillic letter EfPhonetic usage:, Name (Early Cyrillic alphabet):фрьтъNumeric value:500Derived from:Greek letter Phi (Φ φ)The Cyrillic scriptSlavic lettersАА̀А̂А̄ӒБВГҐДЂЃЕЀЕ̄Е̂ЁЄЖЗЗ́ЅИІЇꙆЍИ̂ӢЙЈКЛЉМНЊОО̀О̂ŌӦПРСС́ТЋЌУУ̀У̂ӮЎӰФХЦЧЏШЩꙎЪЪ̀ЫЬѢЭЮЮ̀ЯЯ̀Non-Slavic lettersӐА̊А̃Ӓ̄ӔӘӘ́Ә̃ӚВ̌ԜГ̑Г̇Г̣Г̌Г̂Г̆Г̈г̊ҔҒӺҒ̌ғ̊ӶД́Д̌Д̈Д̣Д̆ӖЕ̃Ё̄Є̈ԐԐ̈ҖӜӁЖ̣ҘӞЗ̌З̣З̆ӠИ̃ӤҊҚӃҠҞҜК̣к̊қ̊ԚᴫЛ́ӅԮԒЛ̈ӍᵸН́ӉҢԨӇҤО̆О̃Ӧ̄ӨӨ̄Ө́Ө̆ӪԤП̈ҎР̌С̌ҪС̣С̱Т́Т̈Т̌Т̇Т̣ҬУ̃ӲУ̊Ӱ̄ҰҮҮ́Х̣Х̱Х̮Х̑Х̌ҲӼх̊Ӿӿ̊ҺҺ̈ԦЦ̌Ц̈ҴҶҶ̣ӴӋҸЧ̇Ч̣ҼҾШ̣ꚜЫ̆Ы̄ӸꚝҌҨЭ̆Э̄Э̇ӬӬ́Ӭ̄Ю̆Ю̈Ю̄Я̆Я̄Я̈ӀʼˮArchaic or unused lettersА̨Б̀Б̣Б̱В̀Г̀Г̧Г̄Г̓Г̆Ҕ̀Ҕ̆ԀД̓Д̀Д̨ԂꚀꙢЕ̇Е̨Ж̀Ж̑ꙂꙄЏ̆ꚄꚄ̆ꙀЗ̀З̑ԄԆꚈԪꚂꚔІ̂І̣І̨Ј̵Ј̃ꙈК̓К̀К̆Ӄ̆К̑К̇К̈К̄ԞК̂Л̀ԠꙤԈЛ̑Л̇ԔМ̀М̃ꙦН̀Н̄Н̧Н̃ԊԢН̡ѺꙨꙪꙬꙮꚘꚚП̓П̀П́ҦП̧П̑ҀԚ̆Р́Р̀Р̃ԖС̀С̈ԌҪ̓Т̓Т̀ԎТ̑ꚊТ̧ꚌꚌ̆ОУꙊУ̇У̨ꙋ́Ф̑Ф̓Х́Х̀Х̆Х̇Х̧Х̾Х̓һ̱ѠꙌѼѾꙠЦ̀Ц́Ц̓ꚎꚎ̆ꚐЧ́Ч̀Ч̆Ч̑Ч̓ԬꚒꚆꚆ̆Ҽ̆Ш̀Ш̆Ш̑Щ̆ꚖꚖ̆Ъ̄Ъ̈Ъ̈̄ꙐЫ̂Ы̃Ѣ́Ѣ̈Ѣ̆ꙒЭ̨Э̂ꙔЮ̂ꙖЯ̈Я̂Я̨ԘѤѦꙘѪꙚѨꙜѬѮѰѲѴѶꙞ
List of Cyrillic letters
List of Cyrillic multigraphs
vte
Ef, from Karion Istomin's 1694 alphabet book
Ef or Fe (Ф ф; italics: Ф ф) is a Cyrillic letter, commonly representing the voiceless labiodental fricative /f/, like the pronunciation of ⟨f⟩ in "fill, flee, or fall". The Cyrillic letter Ef is romanized as ⟨f⟩.
History
The Cyrillic letter Ef was derived from the Greek letter Phi (Φ φ). It merged with and eliminated the letter Fita (Ѳ) in the Russian alphabet in 1918.
The name of Ef in the Early Cyrillic alphabet is фрьтъ (fr̥tŭ or frĭtŭ), in later Church Slavonic and Russian form it became фертъ (fert).
In the Cyrillic numeral system, Ef has a value of 500.
Appearance
The Slavic languages have almost no native words containing /f/. This sound did not exist in Proto-Indo-European (PIE). It arose in Greek and Latin from PIE *bʰ (which yielded Slavic /b/). In some instances in Latin, it represented historical th-fronting and derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰ. In the Germanic languages, the f sound arose from PIE *p via Grimm's law, which remained unchanged in Slavic. The letter ф is thus almost exclusively found in words of foreign origin, especially Greek (from φ and sometimes from θ), Latin, French, German, Dutch, English, and Turkic languages
Example borrowings in Russian:
from Greek: катастрофа, "catastrophe" (from φ); Фёдор, "Theodore" (from θ)
from Latin: федерация, "federation"; эффект, "effect"
from German: картофель, "potato" (from Kartoffel); фунт, "pound" (from Pfund)
from Dutch: флаг, "flag"
The few native Slavic words with this letter (in different languages) are examples of onomatopoeia (like Russian verbs фукать, фыркать etc.) or reflect sporadic pronunciation shifts:
from пв /pv/: Serbian уфати 'to hope' (cf. Church Slavonic уповати 'to hope')
from хв /xv/: Macedonian сфати '(he) understands' (cf. Church Slavonic схватити 'to take, to catch'), Russian дрофа 'bustard' (cf. Ukrainian дрохва 'bustard')
from кв /kv/: Russian филин 'eagle-owl' (cf Ukrainian квилити 'to cry')
from х /x/: Russian toponym Фили 'Fili' (from хилый 'sickly')
Slavic languages
Ef is the 21st letter of the Bulgarian alphabet; the 22nd letter of the Russian alphabet; the 23rd letter of the Belarusian alphabet; the 25th letter of the Serbian and Ukrainian alphabet; and the 26th letter of the Macedonian alphabet. It represents the consonant /f/ unless it is before a palatalizing vowel, when it represents /fʲ/.
Related letters and other similar characters
Φ φ/ϕ : Greek letter Phi
Ѳ ѳ : Cyrillic letter Fita
F f : Latin letter F
Փ փ : Armenian letter Piwr
Q q Latin letter Q
Ჶ ჶ Fi (letter)
Computing codes
Character information
Preview
Ф
ф
Unicode name
CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF
CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF
Encodings
decimal
hex
dec
hex
Unicode
1060
U+0424
1092
U+0444
UTF-8
208 164
D0 A4
209 132
D1 84
Numeric character reference
Ф
Ф
ф
ф
Named character reference
Ф
ф
KOI8-R and KOI8-U
230
E6
198
C6
Code page 855
171
AB
170
AA
Code page 866
148
94
228
E4
Windows-1251
212
D4
244
F4
ISO-8859-5
196
C4
228
E4
Macintosh Cyrillic
148
94
244
F4
Cultural references
The phraseologism "стоять фертом", "to stand as fert" means "to stand with arms akimbo".
External links
The dictionary definition of Ф at Wiktionary
The dictionary definition of ф at Wiktionary
References
^ Corbett, Professor Greville; Comrie, Professor Bernard (September 2003). The Slavonic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-86137-6.
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ø","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98"},{"link_name":"Φ (phi)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi"},{"link_name":"ɸ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Karion_Istomin%27s_alphabet_F.jpg"},{"link_name":"Karion Istomin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karion_Istomin"},{"link_name":"alphabet book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_book"},{"link_name":"Cyrillic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_script"},{"link_name":"voiceless labiodental fricative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative"}],"text":"For similar symbols, see Ø. Not to be confused with Greek letter Φ (phi) or the IPA symbol ɸ.Cyrillic letterEf, from Karion Istomin's 1694 alphabet bookEf or Fe (Ф ф; italics: Ф ф) is a Cyrillic letter, commonly representing the voiceless labiodental fricative /f/, like the pronunciation of ⟨f⟩ in \"fill, flee, or fall\". The Cyrillic letter Ef is romanized as ⟨f⟩.","title":"Ef (Cyrillic)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Greek letter Phi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_(letter)"},{"link_name":"Fita","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fita"},{"link_name":"Russian alphabet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_alphabet"},{"link_name":"Early Cyrillic alphabet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Cyrillic numeral system","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_numerals"}],"text":"The Cyrillic letter Ef was derived from the Greek letter Phi (Φ φ). It merged with and eliminated the letter Fita (Ѳ) in the Russian alphabet in 1918.The name of Ef in the Early Cyrillic alphabet is фрьтъ (fr̥tŭ or frĭtŭ), in later Church Slavonic and Russian form it became фертъ (fert).[1]In the Cyrillic numeral system, Ef has a value of 500.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Proto-Indo-European","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language"},{"link_name":"Greek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language"},{"link_name":"Latin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin"},{"link_name":"th-fronting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th-fronting"},{"link_name":"Germanic languages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_languages"},{"link_name":"Grimm's law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimm%27s_law"},{"link_name":"Latin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin"},{"link_name":"French","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language"},{"link_name":"German","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language"},{"link_name":"Dutch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_language"},{"link_name":"English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language"},{"link_name":"Turkic languages","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_languages"},{"link_name":"onomatopoeia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onomatopoeia"},{"link_name":"Church Slavonic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Slavonic_language"},{"link_name":"Church Slavonic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Slavonic_language"},{"link_name":"toponym","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponym"},{"link_name":"Fili","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fili_(Moscow)"}],"text":"The Slavic languages have almost no native words containing /f/. This sound did not exist in Proto-Indo-European (PIE). It arose in Greek and Latin from PIE *bʰ (which yielded Slavic /b/). In some instances in Latin, it represented historical th-fronting and derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰ. In the Germanic languages, the f sound arose from PIE *p via Grimm's law, which remained unchanged in Slavic. The letter ф is thus almost exclusively found in words of foreign origin, especially Greek (from φ and sometimes from θ), Latin, French, German, Dutch, English, and Turkic languagesExample borrowings in Russian:from Greek: катастрофа, \"catastrophe\" (from φ); Фёдор, \"Theodore\" (from θ)\nfrom Latin: федерация, \"federation\"; эффект, \"effect\"\nfrom German: картофель, \"potato\" (from Kartoffel); фунт, \"pound\" (from Pfund)\nfrom Dutch: флаг, \"flag\"The few native Slavic words with this letter (in different languages) are examples of onomatopoeia (like Russian verbs фукать, фыркать etc.) or reflect sporadic pronunciation shifts:from пв /pv/: Serbian уфати 'to hope' (cf. Church Slavonic уповати 'to hope')\nfrom хв /xv/: Macedonian сфати '(he) understands' (cf. Church Slavonic схватити 'to take, to catch'), Russian дрофа 'bustard' (cf. Ukrainian дрохва 'bustard')\nfrom кв /kv/: Russian филин 'eagle-owl' (cf Ukrainian квилити 'to cry')\nfrom х /x/: Russian toponym Фили 'Fili' (from хилый 'sickly')","title":"Appearance"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bulgarian alphabet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_alphabet"},{"link_name":"Russian alphabet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_alphabet"},{"link_name":"Belarusian alphabet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_alphabet"},{"link_name":"Serbian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_alphabet"},{"link_name":"Ukrainian alphabet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet"},{"link_name":"palatalizing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)"}],"sub_title":"Slavic languages","text":"Ef is the 21st letter of the Bulgarian alphabet; the 22nd letter of the Russian alphabet; the 23rd letter of the Belarusian alphabet; the 25th letter of the Serbian and Ukrainian alphabet; and the 26th letter of the Macedonian alphabet. It represents the consonant /f/ unless it is before a palatalizing vowel, when it represents /fʲ/.","title":"Appearance"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Greek letter Phi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6"},{"link_name":"Cyrillic letter Fita","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D1%B2"},{"link_name":"Latin letter F","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F"},{"link_name":"Armenian letter Piwr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piwr_(letter)"},{"link_name":"Latin letter Q","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q"},{"link_name":"Fi (letter)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi_(letter)"}],"text":"Φ φ/ϕ : Greek letter Phi\nѲ ѳ : Cyrillic letter Fita\nF f : Latin letter F\nՓ փ : Armenian letter Piwr\nQ q Latin letter Q\nᲶ ჶ Fi (letter)","title":"Related letters and other similar characters"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Computing codes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"phraseologism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phraseologism"},{"link_name":"akimbo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/akimbo"}],"text":"The phraseologism \"стоять фертом\", \"to stand as fert\" means \"to stand with arms akimbo\".","title":"Cultural references"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Ef, from Karion Istomin's 1694 alphabet book","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Karion_Istomin%27s_alphabet_F.jpg/220px-Karion_Istomin%27s_alphabet_F.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"Corbett, Professor Greville; Comrie, Professor Bernard (September 2003). The Slavonic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-86137-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=euI4CQAAQBAJ","url_text":"The Slavonic Languages"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-86137-6","url_text":"978-1-136-86137-6"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=euI4CQAAQBAJ","external_links_name":"The Slavonic Languages"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishmarot
|
Mishmarot
|
["1 History","2 References"]
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Coordinates: 32°29′10″N 34°59′1″E / 32.48611°N 34.98361°E / 32.48611; 34.98361Place in Haifa, IsraelMishmarot
מִשְׁמָרוֹתThe sign in the entrance to the kibbutzMishmarotShow map of Haifa region of IsraelMishmarotShow map of IsraelCoordinates: 32°29′10″N 34°59′1″E / 32.48611°N 34.98361°E / 32.48611; 34.98361CountryIsraelDistrictHaifaCouncilMenasheAffiliationKibbutz MovementFoundedOctober 1933Founded byLatvian, Lithuanian and Soviet JewsPopulation (2022)1,252Shalom Hanoch at the microphone, performing for soldiers during the Yom Kippur War (1973)
Mishmarot (Hebrew: מִשְׁמָרוֹת) is a kibbutz in north-central Israel near the town of Pardes Hanna-Karkur. Located about 50 m above sea level and close to the villages Ein Shemer and Kfar Glickson, it falls under the jurisdiction of Menashe Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,252.
History
The village was founded in October 1933, during Sukkot, by immigrants from the Soviet Union, Lithuania and Latvia, on Jewish National Fund land, under the auspices of Keren HaYesod. Its name comes from the farm in the Crimea in which the founders trained, called Mishmar (lit. guard shifts). Notable former residents include the musicians Shalom Hanoch and Meir Ariel.
Before the founding of the State of Israel, Mishmarot was home to secret Fosh and Military Industries bases.
References
^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
^ Vilnai, Ze'ev (1977). "Mishmarot". Ariel Encyclopedia (in Hebrew). Vol. 5. Tel Aviv, Israel: Am Oved. pp. 4924–4925.
^ HaReuveni, Immanuel (1999). Lexicon of the Land of Israel (in Hebrew). Miskal - Yedioth Ahronoth Books and Chemed Books. p. 651. ISBN 965-448-413-7.
vteMenashe Regional CouncilKibbutzim
Barkai
Ein Shemer
Gan Shmuel
Kfar Glikson
Lahavot Haviva
Magal
Ma'anit
Metzer
Mishmarot
Regavim
Moshavim
Ein Iron
Gan HaShomron
Kfar Pines
Maor
Mei Ami
Sde Yitzhak
Talmei Elazar
Community settlement
Mitzpe Ilan
Arab villages
al-Arian
Meiser
Umm al-Qutuf
Jewish locality
Katzir
Youth village
Alonei Yitzhak
Residential treatment center
Sha'ar Menashe
Authority control databases: National
Israel
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_29_5b9fc06ffab1632cb876922badc2ff68.jpg"},{"link_name":"Shalom Hanoch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom_Hanoch"},{"link_name":"Yom Kippur War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War"},{"link_name":"Hebrew","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language"},{"link_name":"kibbutz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibbutz"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel"},{"link_name":"Pardes Hanna-Karkur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardes_Hanna-Karkur"},{"link_name":"Ein Shemer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ein_Shemer"},{"link_name":"Kfar Glickson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kfar_Glickson"},{"link_name":"Menashe Regional Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menashe_Regional_Council"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"}],"text":"Place in Haifa, IsraelShalom Hanoch at the microphone, performing for soldiers during the Yom Kippur War (1973)Mishmarot (Hebrew: מִשְׁמָרוֹת) is a kibbutz in north-central Israel near the town of Pardes Hanna-Karkur. Located about 50 m above sea level and close to the villages Ein Shemer and Kfar Glickson, it falls under the jurisdiction of Menashe Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,252.[1]","title":"Mishmarot"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sukkot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukkot"},{"link_name":"immigrants","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliyah"},{"link_name":"Soviet Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union"},{"link_name":"Lithuania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania"},{"link_name":"Latvia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia"},{"link_name":"Jewish National Fund","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_National_Fund"},{"link_name":"Keren HaYesod","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keren_HaYesod"},{"link_name":"Crimea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimea"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ariel-2"},{"link_name":"Shalom Hanoch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom_Hanoch"},{"link_name":"Meir Ariel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meir_Ariel"},{"link_name":"Fosh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosh_(Haganah_unit)"},{"link_name":"Military Industries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Military_Industries"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hareuveni_lexicon-3"}],"text":"The village was founded in October 1933, during Sukkot, by immigrants from the Soviet Union, Lithuania and Latvia, on Jewish National Fund land, under the auspices of Keren HaYesod. Its name comes from the farm in the Crimea in which the founders trained, called Mishmar (lit. guard shifts).[2] Notable former residents include the musicians Shalom Hanoch and Meir Ariel.Before the founding of the State of Israel, Mishmarot was home to secret Fosh and Military Industries bases.[3]","title":"History"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Shalom Hanoch at the microphone, performing for soldiers during the Yom Kippur War (1973)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/PikiWiki_Israel_29_5b9fc06ffab1632cb876922badc2ff68.jpg/180px-PikiWiki_Israel_29_5b9fc06ffab1632cb876922badc2ff68.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Regional Statistics\". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/settlements/Pages/default.aspx?mode=Yeshuv","url_text":"\"Regional Statistics\""}]},{"reference":"Vilnai, Ze'ev (1977). \"Mishmarot\". Ariel Encyclopedia (in Hebrew). Vol. 5. Tel Aviv, Israel: Am Oved. pp. 4924–4925.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zev_Vilnay","url_text":"Vilnai, Ze'ev"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv","url_text":"Tel Aviv"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_Oved","url_text":"Am Oved"}]},{"reference":"HaReuveni, Immanuel (1999). Lexicon of the Land of Israel (in Hebrew). Miskal - Yedioth Ahronoth Books and Chemed Books. p. 651. ISBN 965-448-413-7.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-448-413-7","url_text":"965-448-413-7"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mishmarot¶ms=32_29_10_N_34_59_1_E_type:city(1252)_region:IL","external_links_name":"32°29′10″N 34°59′1″E / 32.48611°N 34.98361°E / 32.48611; 34.98361"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mishmarot¶ms=32_29_10_N_34_59_1_E_type:city(1252)_region:IL","external_links_name":"32°29′10″N 34°59′1″E / 32.48611°N 34.98361°E / 32.48611; 34.98361"},{"Link":"https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/settlements/Pages/default.aspx?mode=Yeshuv","external_links_name":"\"Regional Statistics\""},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007467976605171","external_links_name":"Israel"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligophlebia
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Oligophlebia
|
["1 References"]
|
Genus of moths
Oligophlebia
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Lepidoptera
Family:
Sesiidae
Subfamily:
Tinthiinae
Genus:
OligophlebiaHampson,
Species
See text
Oligophlebia is a genus of moths in the family Sesiidae, the clearwing moths. They are native to the Palearctic realm.
As of 2014 there are eight species in the genus.
Species include:
Oligophlebia amalleuta Meyrick, 1910
Oligophlebia cristata Le Cerf, 1916b
Oligophlebia episcopopa (Meyrick, 1926)
Oligophlebia micra (Gorbunov, 1988)
Oligophlebia minor Xu & Arita, 2014
Oligophlebia nigralba Hampson, 1893
Oligophlebia subapicalis Hampson, 1919
Oligophlebia ulmi (Yang & Wang, 1989b)
References
^ a b Checklist of the Sesiidae of the World. From: Pühringer, F. & A. Kallies. (2004). Provisional checklist of the Sesiidae of the world (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia). Mitteilungen der Entomologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Salzkammergut 4 1-85. Updated 2014.
^ a b c Xu, H., et al. (2014). Description of Oligophlebia minor (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a new species of clearwing moth from China. Florida Entomologist 97(2) 707-09.
Taxon identifiersOligophlebia
Wikidata: Q7086846
Wikispecies: Oligophlebia
AFD: Oligophlebia
CoL: 92H63
EoL: 95151
GBIF: 1940298
LepIndex: 118465
Open Tree of Life: 3040448
This article relating to the moth family Sesiidae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"moths","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moth"},{"link_name":"Sesiidae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesiidae"},{"link_name":"Palearctic realm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearctic_realm"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-xu-2"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-xu-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-checklist-1"},{"link_name":"Oligophlebia amalleuta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oligophlebia_amalleuta&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Oligophlebia cristata","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oligophlebia_cristata&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Oligophlebia episcopopa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oligophlebia_episcopopa&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Oligophlebia micra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oligophlebia_micra&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Oligophlebia minor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oligophlebia_minor&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-xu-2"},{"link_name":"Oligophlebia nigralba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligophlebia_nigralba"},{"link_name":"Oligophlebia subapicalis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oligophlebia_subapicalis&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Oligophlebia ulmi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oligophlebia_ulmi&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"Oligophlebia is a genus of moths in the family Sesiidae, the clearwing moths. They are native to the Palearctic realm.[2]As of 2014 there are eight species in the genus.[2]Species include:[1]Oligophlebia amalleuta Meyrick, 1910\nOligophlebia cristata Le Cerf, 1916b\nOligophlebia episcopopa (Meyrick, 1926)\nOligophlebia micra (Gorbunov, 1988)\nOligophlebia minor Xu & Arita, 2014[2]\nOligophlebia nigralba Hampson, 1893\nOligophlebia subapicalis Hampson, 1919\nOligophlebia ulmi (Yang & Wang, 1989b)","title":"Oligophlebia"}]
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[{"Link":"http://www.sesiidae.net/Checklst.htm","external_links_name":"Checklist of the Sesiidae of the World."},{"Link":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1653/024.097.0251","external_links_name":"Description of Oligophlebia minor (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a new species of clearwing moth from China."},{"Link":"https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Oligophlebia","external_links_name":"Oligophlebia"},{"Link":"https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/92H63","external_links_name":"92H63"},{"Link":"https://eol.org/pages/95151","external_links_name":"95151"},{"Link":"https://www.gbif.org/species/1940298","external_links_name":"1940298"},{"Link":"https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/detail/?taxonno=118465","external_links_name":"118465"},{"Link":"https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=3040448","external_links_name":"3040448"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oligophlebia&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Ben_Gualid
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Jacques Ben Gualid
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["1 References","2 External links"]
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Moroccan fencer (born 1918)
Jacques Ben GualidPersonal informationBorn(1918-05-03)3 May 1918Casablanca, MoroccoSportSportFencing
Jacques Ben Gualid (born 3 May 1918) is a Moroccan foil and sabre fencer. He competed in three events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
References
^ "Jacques Ben Gualid Olympic Results". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
External links
Jacques Ben Gualid at Olympedia
This biographical article related to fencing in Morocco is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"fencer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing"},{"link_name":"1960 Summer Olympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sports-reference-1"}],"text":"Jacques Ben Gualid (born 3 May 1918) is a Moroccan foil and sabre fencer. He competed in three events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.[1]","title":"Jacques Ben Gualid"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Jacques Ben Gualid Olympic Results\". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121103230407/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/be/jacques-ben-gualid-1.html","url_text":"\"Jacques Ben Gualid Olympic Results\""},{"url":"https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/be/jacques-ben-gualid-1.html","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121103230407/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/be/jacques-ben-gualid-1.html","external_links_name":"\"Jacques Ben Gualid Olympic Results\""},{"Link":"https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/be/jacques-ben-gualid-1.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/22897","external_links_name":"Jacques Ben Gualid"},{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6120414#P8286"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Ben_Gualid&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu_District
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Hải Hậu district
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["1 Administrative divisions","2 References"]
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Coordinates: 20°10′01″N 106°15′00″E / 20.167°N 106.250°E / 20.167; 106.250You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Vietnamese. (March 2009) Click for important translation instructions.
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District in Red River Delta, VietnamHải Hậu district
Huyện Hải HậuDistrictA fishing village at dawn
SealMotto(s): "Thượng gia hạ trì"(上家下池)Country VietnamRegionRed River DeltaProvinceNam ĐịnhCapitalYên ĐịnhArea • Total88 sq mi (227 km2)Population (2003) • Total285,298 • Density3,780/sq mi (1,461/km2)Time zoneUTC+7 (Indochina Time)Websitehaihau.namdinh.gov.vn
Hải Hậu is a rural district of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 285,298. The district covers an area of 227 km2. The district capital lies at Yên Định.
Administrative divisions
Hải Hậu is divided into 34 commune-level subdivisions, including 3 townships of Yên Định, Cồn, Thịnh Long and 31 rural communes of Hải An, Hải Anh, Hải Bắc, Hải Châu, Hải Chính, Hải Cường, Hải Đông, Hải Đường, Hải Giang, Hải Hà, Hải Hòa, Hải Hưng, Hải Lộc, Hải Long, Hải Lý, Hải Minh, Hải Nam, Hải Ninh, Hải Phong, Hải Phú, Hải Phúc, Hải Phương, Hải Quang, Hải Sơn, Hải Tân, Hải Tây, Hải Thanh, Hải Triều, Hải Trung, Hải Vân, & Hải Xuân.
References
^ a b "Districts of Vietnam". Statoids. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
20°10′01″N 106°15′00″E / 20.167°N 106.250°E / 20.167; 106.250
vteDistricts of the Red River DeltaHanoi city
Urban districts
Ba Đình
Bắc Từ Liêm
Cầu Giấy
Đống Đa
Hà Đông
Hai Bà Trưng
Hoàn Kiếm※
Hoàng Mai
Long Biên
Nam Từ Liêm
Tây Hồ
Thanh Xuân
Sơn Tây town
Ba Vì
Chương Mỹ
Đan Phượng
Đông Anh
Gia Lâm
Hoài Đức
Mê Linh
Mỹ Đức
Phú Xuyên
Phúc Thọ
Quốc Oai
Sóc Sơn
Thanh Oai
Thạch Thất
Thanh Trì
Thường Tín
Ứng Hòa
Haiphong city
Urban districts
Đồ Sơn
Dương Kinh
Hải An
Kiến An
Hồng Bàng※
Lê Chân
Ngô Quyền
An Dương
An Lão
Bạch Long Vĩ Island
Cát Hải Island
Kiến Thụy
Tiên Lãng
Vĩnh Bảo
Thủy Nguyên
Bắc Ninh province
Bắc Ninh city※
Từ Sơn city
Quế Võ town
Thuận Thành town
Gia Bình
Lương Tài
Tiên Du
Yên Phong
Hà Nam province
Phủ Lý city※
Duy Tiên town
Bình Lục
Kim Bảng
Lý Nhân
Thanh Liêm
Hải Dương province
Chí Linh city
Hải Dương city※
Kinh Môn town
Bình Giang
Cẩm Giàng
Gia Lộc
Kim Thành
Nam Sách
Ninh Giang
Thanh Hà
Thanh Miện
Tứ Kỳ
Hưng Yên province
Hưng Yên city※
Mỹ Hào town
Ân Thi
Khoái Châu
Kim Động
Phù Cừ
Tiên Lữ
Văn Giang
Văn Lâm
Yên Mỹ
Nam Định province
Nam Định city※
Giao Thủy
Hải Hậu
Mỹ Lộc
Nam Trực
Nghĩa Hưng
Trực Ninh
Vụ Bản
Xuân Trường
Ý Yên
Ninh Bình province
Ninh Bình city※
Tam Điệp city
Gia Viễn
Hoa Lư
Kim Sơn
Nho Quan
Yên Khánh
Yên Mô
Thái Bình province
Thái Bình city※
Đông Hưng
Hưng Hà
Kiến Xương
Quỳnh Phụ
Thái Thụy
Tiền Hải
Vũ Thư
Vĩnh Phúc province
Phúc Yên city
Vĩnh Yên city※
Bình Xuyên
Lập Thạch
Sông Lô
Tam Đảo
Tam Dương
Vĩnh Tường
Yên Lạc
※ denotes provincial seat.
Authority control databases: Geographic
MusicBrainz area
This article about a location in Nam Định Province, Vietnam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"rural district","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Vietnam"},{"link_name":"Nam Định province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_province"},{"link_name":"Red River Delta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_Delta"},{"link_name":"Vietnam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Statoids-1"},{"link_name":"Yên Định","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%AAn_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh,_Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Statoids-1"}],"text":"District in Red River Delta, VietnamHải Hậu is a rural district of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 285,298.[1] The district covers an area of 227 km2. The district capital lies at Yên Định.[1]","title":"Hải Hậu district"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"commune-level subdivisions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commune-level_subdivisions_(Vietnam)"},{"link_name":"Yên Định","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%AAn_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh,_Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Cồn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%E1%BB%93n,_Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Thịnh Long","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%8Bnh_Long&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải An","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_An,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Anh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Anh&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Bắc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_B%E1%BA%AFc,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Châu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Ch%C3%A2u,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Chính","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Ch%C3%ADnh&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Cường","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Đông","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_%C4%90%C3%B4ng,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Đường","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Giang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Giang&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Hà","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_H%C3%A0,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Hòa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_H%C3%B2a,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Hưng","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_H%C6%B0ng,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Lộc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_L%E1%BB%99c,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Long","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Long,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Lý","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_L%C3%BD,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Minh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Minh&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Nam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Nam,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Ninh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Ninh,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Phong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Phong,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Phú","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%BA,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Phúc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%BAc,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Phương","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Quang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Quang&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Sơn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_S%C6%A1n,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Tân","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_T%C3%A2n,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Tây","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_T%C3%A2y,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Thanh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Thanh,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Triều","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Tri%E1%BB%81u,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Trung","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Trung&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Vân","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_V%C3%A2n,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hải Xuân","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BA%A3i_Xu%C3%A2n,_H%E1%BA%A3i_H%E1%BA%ADu&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"Hải Hậu is divided into 34 commune-level subdivisions, including 3 townships of Yên Định, Cồn, Thịnh Long and 31 rural communes of Hải An, Hải Anh, Hải Bắc, Hải Châu, Hải Chính, Hải Cường, Hải Đông, Hải Đường, Hải Giang, Hải Hà, Hải Hòa, Hải Hưng, Hải Lộc, Hải Long, Hải Lý, Hải Minh, Hải Nam, Hải Ninh, Hải Phong, Hải Phú, Hải Phúc, Hải Phương, Hải Quang, Hải Sơn, Hải Tân, Hải Tây, Hải Thanh, Hải Triều, Hải Trung, Hải Vân, & Hải Xuân.","title":"Administrative divisions"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Districts of Vietnam\". Statoids. Retrieved March 20, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.statoids.com/yvn.html","url_text":"\"Districts of Vietnam\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_New_Brunswick
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Tourism in New Brunswick
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["1 Dieppe","2 Moncton","3 Other sites","4 Getting around New Brunswick","5 New Brunswick Tourism Statistics","6 References"]
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Cape Enrage.
There are two major national parks (Fundy National Park and Kouchibouguac National Park). The warmest salt water beaches north of Virginia can be found on the Northumberland Strait, at Parlee Beach in Shediac. New Brunswick's signature natural attraction (the Hopewell Rocks) are only a half hour's drive down the Petitcodiac river valley. The Confederation Bridge to Prince Edward Island is only an hour's drive east of Moncton.
New Brunswick has several major attractions:
Tidal bore - A phenomenon created by the extreme tides of the Bay of Fundy which actually reverses the downstream flow of the Petitcodiac River at high tide. A causeway to Riverview was built in the 1960s, which has significantly diminished the effects of the bore. Efforts are underway to have the causeway replaced by a bridge in order to restore the river flow but there is a great amount of opposition from land owners on "Lake Petitcodiac" (the recreational headpond created on the western side of the causeway), who fear that their property values will plummet as a result.
Dieppe
Champlain Place - At 816,000 sq ft (75,800 m2), and with over 160 stores and services, is the second largest shopping mall in Atlantic Canada,
Bass Pro Complex - Located adjacent to Champlain Place. The complex houses an eight cinema multiplex and a bookstore/cafe. A Bass Pro Shop opened in the complex in 2015 with the closure of the hotel, amusement park and restaurant areas.
Moncton
Moncton is well situated as a tourism destination.
Monument for Recognition in the 21st century the interpretation centre of Our Lady of the Assumption Cathedral.
Shopping at Trinity Power Centre and Northwest Centre.
See also Magnetic Hill, New Brunswick in Moncton for additional attractions in that area.
Other sites
Other provincial attractions include:
Miramichi Valley scenic river route with many ATV trails.
Cape Jourimain Nature Centre (at the base of the Confederation Bridge)
La Dune de Bouctouche Irving Eco-Centre (ecotourism site, beach, longest remaining unspoiled barrier dune system on the eastern seaboard (twelve kilometers))
Cape Enrage (historic lighthouse, fossils and adventure tourism)
Le Pays de la Sagouine (Acadian cultural theme park).
Fort Beausejour (National Historic Park) located in Aulac, New Brunswick.
Sackville Waterfowl Park (nature trails & boardwalk over freshwater marsh, waterfowl viewing platforms).
Getting around New Brunswick
New Brunswick is served by the national rail carrier, VIA Rail, three times a week. VIA uses in New Brunswick the Canadian National rail line, which enters from Quebec at Campbellton, stops at Bathurst, Miramichi, Moncton and Amherst, on its way to terminus at Halifax, Nova Scotia. The Trans-Canada Highway enters from Quebec in Edmundston, passes through Fredericton and Moncton and exits at Sackville on the way to Nova Scotia. Maritime Bus provides daily service on an extensive network of routes, and Taxi Cormier of Anse Bleue provides intermittent service of a different sort on the Acadian Peninsula.
New Brunswick Tourism Statistics
The number of tourists visiting New Brunswick has remained relatively stable for the years 2006 - 2013, remaining largely within the 2.5 to 3 million visitors range, with a peak of just over 3 million visitors in 2011. In 2012, tourism made up 2.4 percent of the provincial GDP, employing 8.6 percent of the labour force with 30,220 total jobs. Total tax revenues in New Brunswick for the federal, provincial, and municipal governments was approximately $273,638,000.
vteTourism in Canada (by province or territory)Provinces
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Newfoundland and Labrador
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
Saskatchewan
Territories
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Yukon
Category
Canada portal
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for New Brunswick.
References
^ maritimebus.com: "Routes & Bus Schedules"
^ "Taxi Cormier Ltée"
^ cbc.ca: "Taxi Cormier nourrit certains espoirs au Nouveau-Brunswick", 7 Sep 2012
^ "New Brunswick Tourism Indicators Summary Report 2013" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 2015-12-03.
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cape_Enrage.JPG"},{"link_name":"Cape Enrage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Enrage"},{"link_name":"Fundy National Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundy_National_Park"},{"link_name":"Kouchibouguac National Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kouchibouguac_National_Park"},{"link_name":"Virginia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia"},{"link_name":"Northumberland Strait","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northumberland_Strait"},{"link_name":"Parlee Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlee_Beach"},{"link_name":"Shediac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shediac"},{"link_name":"Hopewell Rocks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopewell_Rocks"},{"link_name":"Confederation Bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation_Bridge"},{"link_name":"Prince Edward Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island"},{"link_name":"New Brunswick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Brunswick"},{"link_name":"Tidal bore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_bore"},{"link_name":"tides","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tides"},{"link_name":"Bay of Fundy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy"},{"link_name":"Petitcodiac River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petitcodiac_River"},{"link_name":"causeway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causeway"},{"link_name":"Riverview","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverview,_New_Brunswick"},{"link_name":"causeway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causeway"}],"text":"Cape Enrage.There are two major national parks (Fundy National Park and Kouchibouguac National Park). The warmest salt water beaches north of Virginia can be found on the Northumberland Strait, at Parlee Beach in Shediac. New Brunswick's signature natural attraction (the Hopewell Rocks) are only a half hour's drive down the Petitcodiac river valley. The Confederation Bridge to Prince Edward Island is only an hour's drive east of Moncton.New Brunswick has several major attractions:Tidal bore - A phenomenon created by the extreme tides of the Bay of Fundy which actually reverses the downstream flow of the Petitcodiac River at high tide. A causeway to Riverview was built in the 1960s, which has significantly diminished the effects of the bore. Efforts are underway to have the causeway replaced by a bridge in order to restore the river flow but there is a great amount of opposition from land owners on \"Lake Petitcodiac\" (the recreational headpond created on the western side of the causeway), who fear that their property values will plummet as a result.","title":"Tourism in New Brunswick"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Champlain Place","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champlain_Place"},{"link_name":"Bass Pro Complex","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_Pro_Complex_(Dieppe)"},{"link_name":"Champlain Place","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champlain_Place"},{"link_name":"c","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks"},{"link_name":"Bass Pro Shop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_Pro_Shop"}],"text":"Champlain Place - At 816,000 sq ft (75,800 m2), and with over 160 stores and services, is the second largest shopping mall in Atlantic Canada,\nBass Pro Complex - Located adjacent to Champlain Place. The complex houses an eight cinema multiplex and a bookstore/cafe. A Bass Pro Shop opened in the complex in 2015 with the closure of the hotel, amusement park and restaurant areas.","title":"Dieppe"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Moncton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moncton"},{"link_name":"Monument for Recognition in the 21st century","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument_for_Recognition_in_the_21st_century"},{"link_name":"interpretation centre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretation_centre"},{"link_name":"Our Lady of the Assumption Cathedral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Assumption_Cathedral,_Moncton"},{"link_name":"Trinity Power Centre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trinity_Power_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Magnetic Hill, New Brunswick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_Hill,_New_Brunswick"},{"link_name":"Moncton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moncton"}],"text":"Moncton is well situated as a tourism destination.Monument for Recognition in the 21st century the interpretation centre of Our Lady of the Assumption Cathedral.\nShopping at Trinity Power Centre and Northwest Centre.\nSee also Magnetic Hill, New Brunswick in Moncton for additional attractions in that area.","title":"Moncton"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Miramichi Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miramichi_Valley"},{"link_name":"Cape Jourimain Nature Centre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Jourimain_Nature_Centre"},{"link_name":"Confederation Bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation_Bridge"},{"link_name":"La Dune de Bouctouche","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouctouche_Dunes"},{"link_name":"Irving","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Irving"},{"link_name":"Cape Enrage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Enrage"},{"link_name":"Le Pays de la Sagouine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Pays_de_la_Sagouine"},{"link_name":"Fort Beausejour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Beausejour"},{"link_name":"Aulac, New Brunswick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulac,_New_Brunswick"},{"link_name":"Sackville Waterfowl Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sackville_Waterfowl_Park&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"Other provincial attractions include:Miramichi Valley scenic river route with many ATV trails.\nCape Jourimain Nature Centre (at the base of the Confederation Bridge)\nLa Dune de Bouctouche Irving Eco-Centre (ecotourism site, beach, longest remaining unspoiled barrier dune system on the eastern seaboard (twelve kilometers))\nCape Enrage (historic lighthouse, fossils and adventure tourism)\nLe Pays de la Sagouine (Acadian cultural theme park).\nFort Beausejour (National Historic Park) located in Aulac, New Brunswick.\nSackville Waterfowl Park (nature trails & boardwalk over freshwater marsh, waterfowl viewing platforms).","title":"Other sites"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"VIA Rail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIA_Rail"},{"link_name":"Canadian National","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_National"},{"link_name":"Quebec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec"},{"link_name":"Campbellton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbellton,_New_Brunswick"},{"link_name":"Bathurst","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathurst,_New_Brunswick"},{"link_name":"Miramichi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miramichi,_New_Brunswick"},{"link_name":"Moncton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moncton"},{"link_name":"Amherst","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amherst,_Quebec"},{"link_name":"Halifax, Nova Scotia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia"},{"link_name":"Trans-Canada Highway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway"},{"link_name":"Edmundston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmundston"},{"link_name":"Fredericton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredericton"},{"link_name":"Moncton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moncton"},{"link_name":"Sackville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sackville,_New_Brunswick"},{"link_name":"Nova Scotia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia"},{"link_name":"Maritime Bus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_Bus"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Taxi Cormier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taxi_Cormier&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Anse Bleue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anse-Bleue,_New_Brunswick"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"New Brunswick is served by the national rail carrier, VIA Rail, three times a week. VIA uses in New Brunswick the Canadian National rail line, which enters from Quebec at Campbellton, stops at Bathurst, Miramichi, Moncton and Amherst, on its way to terminus at Halifax, Nova Scotia. The Trans-Canada Highway enters from Quebec in Edmundston, passes through Fredericton and Moncton and exits at Sackville on the way to Nova Scotia. Maritime Bus provides daily service on an extensive network of routes,[1] and Taxi Cormier of Anse Bleue provides intermittent service of a different sort on the Acadian Peninsula.[2][3]","title":"Getting around New Brunswick"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Canada_topic"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_topic"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canada_topic"},{"link_name":"Tourism in Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Canada"},{"link_name":"province or territory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada"},{"link_name":"Alberta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Alberta"},{"link_name":"British Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Manitoba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Manitoba"},{"link_name":"New Brunswick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Newfoundland and Labrador","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador"},{"link_name":"Nova Scotia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Nova_Scotia"},{"link_name":"Ontario","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Ontario"},{"link_name":"Prince Edward Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Prince_Edward_Island&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Quebec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Quebec"},{"link_name":"Saskatchewan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"Northwest Territories","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_the_Northwest_Territories&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Nunavut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Nunavut"},{"link_name":"Yukon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Yukon"},{"link_name":"Category","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Canada"},{"link_name":"Canada portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Canada"},{"link_name":"New Brunswick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/New_Brunswick#Q6643507"}],"text":"The number of tourists visiting New Brunswick has remained relatively stable for the years 2006 - 2013, remaining largely within the 2.5 to 3 million visitors range, with a peak of just over 3 million visitors in 2011. In 2012, tourism made up 2.4 percent of the provincial GDP, employing 8.6 percent of the labour force with 30,220 total jobs. Total tax revenues in New Brunswick for the federal, provincial, and municipal governments was approximately $273,638,000.[4]vteTourism in Canada (by province or territory)Provinces\nAlberta\nBritish Columbia\nManitoba\nNew Brunswick\nNewfoundland and Labrador\nNova Scotia\nOntario\nPrince Edward Island\nQuebec\nSaskatchewan\nTerritories\nNorthwest Territories\nNunavut\nYukon\n\n Category\n Canada portalWikivoyage has a travel guide for New Brunswick.","title":"New Brunswick Tourism Statistics"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Cape Enrage.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cape_Enrage.JPG/200px-Cape_Enrage.JPG"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"New Brunswick Tourism Indicators Summary Report 2013\" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 2015-12-03.","urls":[{"url":"http://www2.gnb.ca/content/dam/gnb/Departments/thc-tpc/pdf/RSP/NBTourismIndicatorsSummaryReport2013.pdf","url_text":"\"New Brunswick Tourism Indicators Summary Report 2013\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://maritimebus.com/routes-bus-schedules/","external_links_name":"maritimebus.com: \"Routes & Bus Schedules\""},{"Link":"https://fr-fr.facebook.com/pages/Taxi-Cormier-Lt%C3%A9e/180589664678","external_links_name":"\"Taxi Cormier Ltée\""},{"Link":"http://ici.radio-canada.ca/regions/atlantique/2012/09/07/002-projet-taxi-cormier-nouveau-brunswick.shtml","external_links_name":"cbc.ca: \"Taxi Cormier nourrit certains espoirs au Nouveau-Brunswick\""},{"Link":"http://www2.gnb.ca/content/dam/gnb/Departments/thc-tpc/pdf/RSP/NBTourismIndicatorsSummaryReport2013.pdf","external_links_name":"\"New Brunswick Tourism Indicators Summary Report 2013\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chepstow_RFC
|
Chepstow RFC
|
["1 History","2 Club honours","3 Notable former players","4 External links","5 Bibliography","6 References"]
|
Rugby teamChepstow RFCFull nameChepstow Rugby Football ClubNickname(s)The StowFounded1869LocationChepstow, WalesGround(s)Upton Memorial Ground (Capacity: Plenty)Captain(s)Rhys CresswellLeague(s)WRU Admiral National League 3 East2022-231st
1st kit
2nd kit
Official websitechepstow.rfc.wales
Chepstow Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the town of Chepstow, in Monmouthshire, Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Dragons RFC with a Mini age groups from under 6's to under 16's.
History
Chepstow Rugby club was formed in 1869 by former pupils of Chepstow Grammar School under the mentorship of headmaster George Dewdney. In 1879 the Chepstow Weekly Advertiser appealed to local gentlemen to patronise the newly formed club in an attempt to gain sponsorship to allow the club to remain financially stable.
In 1880 Chepstow RFC were thought to be one of the clubs at the Tenby Hotel in Swansea which is incorrectly believed to have been the founding meeting of the Welsh Rugby Union. The accepted founding actually took place in Neath in 1881, at which Chepstow RFC were not in attendance. In 1881 Chepstow player Edward Peake was selected to represent the very first Welsh rugby international, played against England.
In 1969 a match was held between Chepstow and a Welsh XV that included many famous players such as Brian Price. The match was supposedly held to commemorate the founding of what at the time was claimed to be the oldest rugby club in Wales. Chepstow lost by a large margin.
Celebrated their 150 year in 2019
150th year Chepstow RFC
Club honours
1994-95 Welsh League Division 8A East - Champions
2022-23 WRU Admiral National League 4 East - Champions
Notable former players
Lyndon Mustoe
Edward Peake
Cliff Ashton
Glyn Davidge
Cliff Ashton who was capped seven times for Wales in the period 1959 to 1962 played for Chepstow during most of the 1960s and was for many years captain of Chepstow RFC.
Glyn Davidge who was capped nine times for Wales and was the hero of the defeat of the All Blacks by Newport played for Chepstow for a number of years in the early 1960s
External links
http://chepstow.rfc.wales/
Bibliography
Smith, David; Williams, Gareth (1980). Fields of Praise: The Official History of The Welsh Rugby Union. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-0766-3.
References
^ "League 4 East".
^ BBC News (8 July 2004). "Wales' regional rugby map". BBC. Retrieved 20 July 2008.
^ Smith (1980), pg 24.
^ Smith (1980), pg 26.
^ Smith (1980), pg 37.
^ Smith (1980), pg 40.
vteRugby union in WalesGoverning body
Welsh Rugby Union (WRU)
National teamsMen's
Wales
A
7s
U-20
U-18
British & Irish Lions
Women's
Wales
7s
Regional teams
Cardiff
Dragons
Ospreys
Scarlets
Celtic Warriors
Regional and club competitions
European Rugby Champions Cup
European Rugby Challenge Cup
United Rugby Championship
Anglo-Welsh Cup
Celtic Cup
Welsh Premier Division
British and Irish Cup
WRU Challenge Cup
WRU National Leagues
Glamorgan County Silver Ball Trophy
Mid District Cup
Premiership Rugby Sevens Series
Previous competitions
Celtic Cup (2003)
Cardiff Sevens
Snelling Sevens (Welsh seven-a-side tournament)
Related articles
Welsh rugby union system
Cardiff Arms Park
National Stadium, Cardiff
Millennium Stadium
Match of the Century (1905)
History
London Welsh RFC
London Welsh Amateur
Judgement Day
WRU reform
Sports
Wales
This Welsh rugby union team article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"rugby union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_union"},{"link_name":"Chepstow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chepstow"},{"link_name":"Monmouthshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monmouthshire"},{"link_name":"Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales"},{"link_name":"Welsh Rugby Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Rugby_Union"},{"link_name":"feeder club","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feeder_club"},{"link_name":"Dragons RFC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragons_RFC"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Rugby teamChepstow Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the town of Chepstow, in Monmouthshire, Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Dragons RFC with a Mini age groups from under 6's to under 16's.[2]","title":"Chepstow RFC"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Smith24-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Smith26-4"},{"link_name":"Swansea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea"},{"link_name":"Welsh Rugby Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Rugby_Union"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Smith37-5"},{"link_name":"Neath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neath"},{"link_name":"Edward Peake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Peake"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Smith40-6"},{"link_name":"150th year Chepstow RFC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=150th_year_Chepstow_RFC&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"text":"Chepstow Rugby club was formed in 1869 by former pupils of Chepstow Grammar School under the mentorship of headmaster George Dewdney.[3] In 1879 the Chepstow Weekly Advertiser appealed to local gentlemen to patronise the newly formed club in an attempt to gain sponsorship to allow the club to remain financially stable.[4]In 1880 Chepstow RFC were thought to be one of the clubs at the Tenby Hotel in Swansea which is incorrectly believed to have been the founding meeting of the Welsh Rugby Union.[5] The accepted founding actually took place in Neath in 1881, at which Chepstow RFC were not in attendance. In 1881 Chepstow player Edward Peake was selected to represent the very first Welsh rugby international, played against England.[6]In 1969 a match was held between Chepstow and a Welsh XV that included many famous players such as Brian Price. The match was supposedly held to commemorate the founding of what at the time was claimed to be the oldest rugby club in Wales. Chepstow lost by a large margin.Celebrated their 150 year in 2019\n150th year Chepstow RFC","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"1994-95 Welsh League Division 8A East - Champions2022-23 WRU Admiral National League 4 East - Champions","title":"Club honours"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales"},{"link_name":"Lyndon Mustoe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_Mustoe"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales"},{"link_name":"Edward Peake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Peake"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales"},{"link_name":"Cliff Ashton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cliff_Ashton&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales"},{"link_name":"Glyn Davidge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyn_Davidge"}],"text":"Lyndon Mustoe\n Edward Peake\n Cliff Ashton\n Glyn DavidgeCliff Ashton who was capped seven times for Wales in the period 1959 to 1962 played for Chepstow during most of the 1960s and was for many years captain of Chepstow RFC.Glyn Davidge who was capped nine times for Wales and was the hero of the defeat of the All Blacks by Newport played for Chepstow for a number of years in the early 1960s","title":"Notable former players"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-7083-0766-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7083-0766-3"}],"text":"Smith, David; Williams, Gareth (1980). Fields of Praise: The Official History of The Welsh Rugby Union. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-0766-3.","title":"Bibliography"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Smith, David; Williams, Gareth (1980). Fields of Praise: The Official History of The Welsh Rugby Union. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-0766-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7083-0766-3","url_text":"0-7083-0766-3"}]},{"reference":"\"League 4 East\".","urls":[{"url":"https://community.wru.wales/club/national-leagues/national-leagues-fixtures-and-results/league-4-east","url_text":"\"League 4 East\""}]},{"reference":"BBC News (8 July 2004). \"Wales' regional rugby map\". BBC. Retrieved 20 July 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/welsh/3877085.stm","url_text":"\"Wales' regional rugby map\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC","url_text":"BBC"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://chepstow.rfc.wales/","external_links_name":"chepstow.rfc.wales"},{"Link":"http://chepstow.rfc.wales/","external_links_name":"http://chepstow.rfc.wales/"},{"Link":"https://community.wru.wales/club/national-leagues/national-leagues-fixtures-and-results/league-4-east","external_links_name":"\"League 4 East\""},{"Link":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/welsh/3877085.stm","external_links_name":"\"Wales' regional rugby map\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chepstow_RFC&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Phillips_(Australian_footballer)
|
Eddie Phillips (Australian footballer)
|
["1 Notes","2 External links"]
|
Australian rules footballer
Australian rules footballer
Eddie PhillipsPersonal informationFull name
Eddie PhillipsDate of birth
(1931-04-09)9 April 1931Original team(s)
SunshineHeight
169 cm (5 ft 7 in)Weight
75 kg (165 lb)Playing career1Years
Club
Games (Goals)1952
Footscray
7 (8)
1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1952.
Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com
Eddie Phillips (born 9 April 1931) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Notes
^ Holmesby, Russell; Main, Jim (2014). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers: every AFL/VFL player since 1897 (10th ed.). Seaford, Victoria: BAS Publishing. p. 703. ISBN 978-1-921496-32-5.
External links
Eddie Phillips's playing statistics from AFL Tables
Eddie Phillips at AustralianFootball.com
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Australian rules footballer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_rules_football"},{"link_name":"Footscray","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Bulldogs"},{"link_name":"Victorian Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-encyc-1"}],"text":"Australian rules footballerEddie Phillips (born 9 April 1931) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).[1]","title":"Eddie Phillips (Australian footballer)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-encyc_1-0"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-921496-32-5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-921496-32-5"}],"text":"^ Holmesby, Russell; Main, Jim (2014). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers: every AFL/VFL player since 1897 (10th ed.). Seaford, Victoria: BAS Publishing. p. 703. ISBN 978-1-921496-32-5.","title":"Notes"}]
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[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Holmesby, Russell; Main, Jim (2014). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers: every AFL/VFL player since 1897 (10th ed.). Seaford, Victoria: BAS Publishing. p. 703. ISBN 978-1-921496-32-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-921496-32-5","url_text":"978-1-921496-32-5"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/E/Eddie_Phillips.html","external_links_name":"AFL Tables"},{"Link":"https://australianfootball.com/players/player/Eddie+Phillips/8165","external_links_name":"AustralianFootball.com"},{"Link":"http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/E/Eddie_Phillips.html","external_links_name":"Eddie Phillips's playing statistics"},{"Link":"https://australianfootball.com/players/player/eddie%2Bphillips/8165","external_links_name":"Eddie Phillips"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digeren
|
Digeren
|
["1 See also","2 References"]
|
Coordinates: 60°9′42″N 12°9′24″E / 60.16167°N 12.15667°E / 60.16167; 12.15667Lake in Kongsvinger, Norway
DigerenDigerenLocation of the lakeShow map of InnlandetDigerenDigeren (Norway)Show map of NorwayLocationKongsvinger and Eidskog, InnlandetCoordinates60°9′42″N 12°9′24″E / 60.16167°N 12.15667°E / 60.16167; 12.15667Basin countriesNorwayMax. length4 kilometres (2.5 mi)Max. width1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi)Surface area2.55 km2 (0.98 sq mi)Shore length114.18 kilometres (8.81 mi)Surface elevation236 metres (774 ft)ReferencesNVE1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.
Digeren is a lake in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2.55-square-kilometre (0.98 sq mi) lake lies in the municipality of Kongsvinger and a very small part extends over into Eidskog municipality to the south. The European route E16 highway runs along the north end of the lake, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of the town of Kongsvinger.
See also
List of lakes in Norway
References
^ "Innsjødatabase". nve.no (in Norwegian). Retrieved 19 March 2022.
vteLakes in NorwayvteLakes in Agder
Blåsjø
Botnsvatnet
Botsvatn
Breidvatn
Byglandsfjorden
Fisstøylvatnet
Gillsvannet
Gjuvvatnet
Gravatnet
Grøssæ
Gyvatn
Hartevatnet
Herefossfjorden
Holmavatnet
Holmevatnet
Homstølvatnet
Hovatn
Høvringsvatnet
Kilefjorden
Kolsvatnet
Kulivatnet
Kumlevollvatnet
Kvifjorden
Longerakvatnet
Lundevatn
Lygne
Myklevatnet
Måvatn
Nasvatn
Nelaug
Nesvatn
Nystølfjorden
Nåvatnet
Ogge
Ormsavatnet
Ramvatn
Reinevatn
Rore
Rosskreppfjorden
Selura
Sirdalsvatnet
Skyvatn
Store Bjørnevatn
Store Urevatn
Straumsfjorden
Syndle
Sæsvatn
Topsæ
Uldalsåna
Valevatn
Vatndalsvatnet
Vegår
Vollevannet
Ytre Storevatnet
Ytre Øydnavatnet
Øre
Østre Grimevann
Øyarvatnet
Åraksfjorden
3. Stampe
vteLakes in Akershus
Bjørkelangen
Bogstadvannet
Dælivannet
Engervannet
Hallangen
Hurdalsjøen
Lyseren
Mangen
Mjøsa
Øgderen
Østernvann
Øyangen (Gran)
Øyeren
Rødenessjøen
Setten
vteLakes in Buskerud
Bjornesfjorden
Brommafjorden
Damtjern (Ringerike)
Eikeren
Flakavatnet
Geitsjøen
Halnefjorden
Hettefjorden
Juklevatnet
Kravikfjorden
Krøderen
Langesjøen
Lauvnesvatnet
Mykle
Norefjorden
Nygardsvatnet
Nyhellervatnet
Øljusjøen
Ørteren
Øvre Hein
Øyangen (Ringerike)
Pålsbufjorden
Rødungen
Samsjøen (Ringerike)
Skaupsjøen
Sperillen
Stolsvatnet
Strandavatnet
Tingvollfjorden (Buskerud)
Tinnhølen
Tisleifjorden
Tunhovdfjorden
Tyrifjorden
Ullerentjernet
Ustevatn
Vavatn
Vestre Bjonevatnet
vteLakes in Finnmark
Bajášjávri
Bajit Spielgajávri
Biggejávri
Bjørnstadvatnet
Čárajávri
Čorotjávri
Dátkojávri
Doggejávri
Gahččanjávri
Gákkajávri
Gardsjøen (Sør-Varanger)
Garsjøen
Gásadatjávri
Gavdnjajávri
Geađgejávri
Geašjávri
Geassájávri
Geatnjajávri
Guolehis Suolojávri
Hæmmujávri
Havvatnet
Idjajávri
Iešjávri
Juovvajávri
Kjæsvannet
Klistervatnet
Kovvatnet (Finnmark)
Láhpojávri
Latnetjávri
Nissojávri
Nuorbejávri
Rágesjávri
Sálganjávri
Soagŋojávri
Store Måsvannet
Stuora Galbajávri
Stuorajávri (Alta)
Stuorajávri (Kautokeino)
Sundvatnet
Šuoikkatjávri
Suolojávri (Kautokeino)
Suolojávri (Lebesby)
Svanevatn
Virdnejávri
Vuolit Spielgajávri
vteLakes in Innlandet
Akksjøen
Atnsjøen
Aursjoen
Aursjøen
Avalsjøen
Bessvatnet
Breiddalsvatnet
Bukkehåmårtjønne
Bygdin
Digeren
Dokkfløyvatn
Einavatnet
Engeren
Falningsjøen
Feforvatnet
Femund
Flatningen
Fleinsendin
Flensjøen
Fundin
Galtsjøen
Gardsjøen (Grue)
Gjende
Gjesåssjøen
Grønvatnet
Gutulisjøen
Harrsjøen
Helin
Hukusjøen
Innerdalsvatnet
Isteren
Lalmsvatnet
Langsjøen
Lemonsjøen
Lesjaskogsvatnet
Lomnessjøen
Losna
Mangen
Marsjøen
Mjøsa
Møkeren
Nedre Heimdalsvatn
Nedre Roasten
Nugguren
Olefjorden
Olstappen
Osensjø
Otrøvatnet
Prestesteinsvatnet
Randsfjorden
Rauddalsvatn
Rogen
Rokosjøen
Rondvatnet
Russvatnet
Råsen
Samsjøen (Ringerike)
Sandvatnet/Kaldfjorden/Øyvatnet
Savalen
Siksjøen
Skasen
Skjervangen
Slettningen
Slidrefjord
Steinbusjøen
Storsjøen (Odal)
Storsjøen (Rendalen)
Strondafjorden
Tesse
Tisleifjorden
Tordsvatnet
Tyin
Vågåvatn
Vangsmjøse
Vermunden
Vestre Bjonevatnet
Vinstre
Vurrusjøen
Øvre Leirungen
Øvre Sjodalsvatnet
Øyangen (Gran)
Øyangen (Nord-Fron)
Øyangen (Valdres)
vteLakes in Møre og Romsdal
Aursjøen
Brusdalsvatnet
Djupvatnet
Eikesdalsvatnet
Foldsjøen
Gråsjøen
Moldevatnet
Votna
vteLakes in Nordland
Åbjørvatnet
Alsvågvatnet
Andfiskvatnet
Andkjelvatnet
Arstaddalsdammen
Balvatnet
Baugevatnet
Båvrojávrre
Bjørnefossvatnet
Blåmannsisvatnet
Bleiksvatnet
Bleikvatnet
Blerekvatnet
Bogvatnet
Børsvatnet
Daningen
Drevvatnet
Eidevatnet
Elsvatnet
Famnvatnet
Faulvatnet
Fellvatnet
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Fiskelausvatnet (Grane)
Fiskeløysvatnet (Saltdal)
Fjærvatnet
Fjellvatnet
Fjerdvatnet
Forsanvatnet
Forsvatnet
Fustvatnet
Gåsvatnet
Gautelisvatnet
Geitvatnet
Gjømmervatnet
Grasvatnet
Grovatnet
Hartvikvatnet
Heggmovatnet
Helgåvatnet
Hjertvatnet
Holmvatnet
Hopvatnet
Horndalsvatnet
Hundålvatnet
Indre Sildvikvatnet
Iptojávri
Jengelvatnet
Kaldvågvatnet
Kallvatnet
Kalvvatnet
Kilvatnet
Kjårdavatnet
Kjelvatnet (Ballangen)
Kjelvatnet (Fauske)
Kjemåvatnet
Kjerringvatnet (Hattfjelldal)
Kobbvatnet
Krutvatnet
Kvitvatnet
Låmivatnet
Langvatnet (Ballangen)
Langvatnet (Fauske)
Langvatnet (Gildeskål)
Langvatnet (Rana)
Langvatnet (Sørfold)
Langvatnet (Tysfjord)
Leirvatnet (Sørfold)
Litle Sokumvatnet
Litlumvatnet
Litlverivatnet
Livsejávrre
Lossivatnet
Luktvatnet
Lysvatnet (Meløy)
Majavatnet
Makkvatnet
Markavatnet (Meløy)
Melkevatnet
Mellingsvatnet
Mjåvatnet
Mørsvikvatnet
Muorkkejávrre
Nedre Fiplingvatnet
Nedre Veikvatnet
Nedrevatnet
Niingsvatnet
Nordre Bjøllåvatnet
Ømmervatnet
Överuman
Øvrevatnet
Ramsgjelvatnet
Ranseren
Raudvatnet
Reingardslivatnet
Reinoksvatnet
Rekvatnet
Rødvatnet
Røssvatnet
Rotvatnet
Røyrvatnet
Rundvatnet
Saglivatnet
Sandnesvatnet
Sausvatnet
Sealggajávri
Sefrivatnet
Siiddašjávri
Sildhopvatnet
Simskardvatnet
Sisovatnet
Skilvatnet
Skogvollvatnet
Šluŋkkajávri
Sokumvatnet
Solbjørnvatnet
Soløyvatnet
Søre Bukkevatnet
Søre Vistvatnet
Storakersvatnet
Store Svenningsvatnet
Storglomvatnet
Stormålvatnet
Stormyrbassenget
Storskogvatnet
Storvatnet (Ballangen)
Straumfjordvatnet
Straumvatnet
Strindvatnet
Tverrvatnet
Trollvatnet
Unkervatnet
Unna Guovdelisjávri
Valnesvatnet
Vatnvatnet
Virvatnet
Vuolep Sårjåsjávrre
vteLakes in Oslo
Bogstadvannet
Lutvann
Nordre Puttjern
Østensjøvannet
Øvresetertjern
Sognsvann
Sværsvann
Tryvann
vteLakes in Rogaland
Aksdalsvatnet
Austrumdalsvatnet
Blåsjø
Byrkjelandsvatnet
Edlandsvatnet
Eiavatnet
Flassavatnet
Frøylandsvatnet
Frøylandsvatnet (Sandnes)
Grøsfjellvatnet
Hofreistæ
Holmavatnet
Holmevatnet
Hovsvatnet
Limavatnet
Lundevatn
Nilsebuvatnet
Nodlandsvatnet
Oltedalsvatnet
Orrevatnet
Ørsdalsvatnet
Øvre Tysdalsvatnet
Stakkastadvatnet
Stokkavatnet (Forus)
Stora Stokkavatnet
Suldalsvatnet
Teksevatnet
Tysdalsvatnet
Vatsvatnet
Vigdarvatnet
Vostervatnet
vteLakes in Innlandet
Akksjøen
Atnsjøen
Aursjoen
Aursjøen
Avalsjøen
Bessvatnet
Breiddalsvatnet
Bukkehåmårtjønne
Bygdin
Digeren
Dokkfløyvatn
Einavatnet
Engeren
Falningsjøen
Feforvatnet
Femund
Flatningen
Fleinsendin
Flensjøen
Fundin
Galtsjøen
Gardsjøen (Grue)
Gjende
Gjesåssjøen
Grønvatnet
Gutulisjøen
Harrsjøen
Helin
Hukusjøen
Innerdalsvatnet
Isteren
Lalmsvatnet
Langsjøen
Lemonsjøen
Lesjaskogsvatnet
Lomnessjøen
Losna
Mangen
Marsjøen
Mjøsa
Møkeren
Nedre Heimdalsvatn
Nedre Roasten
Nugguren
Olefjorden
Olstappen
Osensjø
Otrøvatnet
Prestesteinsvatnet
Randsfjorden
Rauddalsvatn
Rogen
Rokosjøen
Rondvatnet
Russvatnet
Råsen
Samsjøen (Ringerike)
Sandvatnet/Kaldfjorden/Øyvatnet
Savalen
Siksjøen
Skasen
Skjervangen
Slettningen
Slidrefjord
Steinbusjøen
Storsjøen (Odal)
Storsjøen (Rendalen)
Strondafjorden
Tesse
Tisleifjorden
Tordsvatnet
Tyin
Vågåvatn
Vangsmjøse
Vermunden
Vestre Bjonevatnet
Vinstre
Vurrusjøen
Øvre Leirungen
Øvre Sjodalsvatnet
Øyangen (Gran)
Øyangen (Nord-Fron)
Øyangen (Valdres)
vteLakes in Telemark
Bandak
Bolkesjø
Farris
Flåvatn
Fyresvatn
Holmavatnet
Kalhovdfjorden
Kviteseidvatn
Lake Tinn
Møsvatn
Nisser
Norsjø
Songevatnet
Toke
Totak
vteLakes in Troms
Altevatnet
Geavdnjajávri
Leinavatn
Lille Rostavatn
Lysvatnet (Lenvik)
Niingsvatnet
Prestvannet
Rihpojávri
Rostojávri
Šuoikkatjávri
vteLakes in Vestfold
Eikeren
Farris
Goksjø
Hallevannet
vteLakes in Vestland
Askevatnet
Askjelldalsvatnet
Austdalsvatnet
Bjølsegrøvvatnet
Blådalsvatnet
Breimsvatn
Degnepollvatnet
Dingevatn
Eidfjordvatnet
Eldrevatnet
Emhjellevatnet
Endestadvatnet
Evangervatnet
Finsevatnet
Flakavatnet
Gjønavatnet
Granvinsvatnet
Halnefjorden
Hamlagrøvatnet
Henangervatnet
Holmavatnet (Kvam)
Holsavatnet
Holskardvatnet
Hornindalsvatnet
Jordalsvatnet
Juklavatnet
Jølstravatn
Kalandsvatnet
Kvennsjøen
Langavatnet (Odda)
Lille Lungegårdsvannet
Lovatnet
Løkjelsvatnet
Lønavatnet
Nordmannslågen
Nyhellervatnet
Onarheimsvatnet
Oppheimsvatnet
Oppstrynsvatn
Prestesteinsvatnet
Ringedalsvatnet
Røldalsvatnet
Sandvinvatnet
Skaupsjøen
Skjerjavatnet
Skogseidvatnet
Stakkastadvatnet
Steinslandsvatnet
Storavatnet
Styggevatnet
Svartediket
Sysenvatnet
Tinnhølen
Torfinnsvatnet
Tyin
Valldalsvatnet
Vangsvatnet
Veivatnet
Viddalsdammen
Vigdarvatnet
Votna
Øljusjøen
vteLakes in Østfold
Ara
Aspern
Femsjøen
Isesjøen
Lyseren
Mingevannet
Øgderen
Ørsjøen
Øyeren
Øymarksjøen
Rødenessjøen
Rømsjøen
Store Erte
Store Le
Vansjø
Vestvannet
Visterflo
This Innlandet location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake"},{"link_name":"Innlandet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innlandet"},{"link_name":"Norway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway"},{"link_name":"Kongsvinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongsvinger"},{"link_name":"Eidskog","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidskog"},{"link_name":"European route E16","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_route_E16"},{"link_name":"town of Kongsvinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongsvinger_(town)"}],"text":"Lake in Kongsvinger, NorwayDigeren is a lake in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2.55-square-kilometre (0.98 sq mi) lake lies in the municipality of Kongsvinger and a very small part extends over into Eidskog municipality to the south. The European route E16 highway runs along the north end of the lake, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of the town of Kongsvinger.","title":"Digeren"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"List of lakes in Norway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_Norway"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Innsjødatabase\". nve.no (in Norwegian). Retrieved 19 March 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://temakart.nve.no/link/?link=innsjodatabase","url_text":"\"Innsjødatabase\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nve.no","url_text":"nve.no"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Digeren¶ms=60_9_42_N_12_9_24_E_region:NO_type:waterbody","external_links_name":"60°9′42″N 12°9′24″E / 60.16167°N 12.15667°E / 60.16167; 12.15667"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Digeren¶ms=60_9_42_N_12_9_24_E_region:NO_type:waterbody","external_links_name":"60°9′42″N 12°9′24″E / 60.16167°N 12.15667°E / 60.16167; 12.15667"},{"Link":"https://temakart.nve.no/link/?link=innsjodatabase","external_links_name":"\"Innsjødatabase\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digeren&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_cricket_team_in_England_in_1967
|
Pakistani cricket team in England in 1967
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["1 Test series summary","1.1 First Test","1.2 Second Test","1.3 Third Test","2 External sources","3 Annual reviews","4 Further reading"]
|
International cricket tour
The Pakistan cricket team toured England in the 1967 season to play a three-match Test series against England. England won the series 2-0 with 1 match drawn.
Test series summary
First Test
27 July–1 August 1967(5-day match) Scorecard
England
v
Pakistan
369 (138.3 overs)KF Barrington 148 (310)Mushtaq Mohammad 3/23 (11.3 overs)
354 (182.1 overs)Hanif Mohammad 187* (556)K Higgs 3/81 (39 overs)
241/9d (90.3 overs)BL D'Oliveira 81* (176)Nasim-ul-Ghani 3/32 (13 overs)
88/3 (62 overs)Khalid Ibadulla 32 (155)KF Barrington 2/23 (13 overs)
Match drawnLord's, London Umpires: CS Elliott and A Jepson
England won the toss and elected to bat.
30 July was taken as a rest day.
Saleem Altaf and Wasim Bari (both PAK) made their Test debuts.
Second Test
10–15 August 1967(5-day match) Scorecard
Pakistan
v
England
140 (69 overs)Saeed Ahmed 44 (73)K Higgs 4/35 (19 overs)
252/8d (134.3 overs)KF Barrington 109* (366)Asif Iqbal 2/72 (39 overs)Niaz Ahmed 2/72 (37 overs)
114 (64 overs)Saeed Ahmed 68 (153)DL Underwood 5/52 (26 overs)
3/0 (2.1 overs)MC Cowdrey 2* (2)
England won by 10 wicketsTrent Bridge, Nottingham Umpires: JS Buller and WFF Price
Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat.
13 August was taken as a rest day.
There was no play on the fourth day.
GG Arnold and APE Knott (both ENG), and Niaz Ahmed (PAK) made their Test debuts.
Third Test
24–28 August 1967(5-day match) Scorecard
Pakistan
v
England
216 (102 overs)Mushtaq Mohammad 66 (200)GG Arnold 5/58 (29 overs)
440 (167.4 overs)KF Barrington 142 (289)Mushtaq Mohammad 4/80 (26.4 overs)
255 (101.1 overs)Asif Iqbal 146 (244)K Higgs 5/58 (20 overs)
34/2 (8.2 overs)KF Barrington 13* (14)Asif Iqbal 2/14 (4 overs)
England won by 8 wicketsThe Oval, London Umpires: WFF Price and H Yarnold
England won the toss and elected to field.
27 August was taken as a rest day.
The match was scheduled for five days but completed in four.
Ghulam Abbas (PAK) made his Test debut.
External sources
CricketArchive – tour summaries
Annual reviews
Playfair Cricket Annual 1968
Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 1968
Further reading
Bill Frindall, The Wisden Book of Test Cricket 1877-1978, Wisden, 1979
vteInternational cricket tours of EnglandTest and LOI toursAustralia
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This article about an international cricket tour of England is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pakistan cricket team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_national_cricket_team"},{"link_name":"1967 season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_English_cricket_season"},{"link_name":"Test","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_cricket"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_national_cricket_team"}],"text":"The Pakistan cricket team toured England in the 1967 season to play a three-match Test series against England. England won the series 2-0 with 1 match drawn.","title":"Pakistani cricket team in England in 1967"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Test series summary"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Scorecard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/28/28973.html"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_cricket_team"},{"link_name":"Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_national_cricket_team"},{"link_name":"KF Barrington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Barrington"},{"link_name":"Mushtaq Mohammad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushtaq_Mohammad"},{"link_name":"Hanif Mohammad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanif_Mohammad"},{"link_name":"*","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_out"},{"link_name":"K Higgs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Higgs"},{"link_name":"d","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_and_forfeiture"},{"link_name":"BL D'Oliveira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_D%27Oliveira"},{"link_name":"*","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_out"},{"link_name":"Nasim-ul-Ghani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasim-ul-Ghani"},{"link_name":"Khalid Ibadulla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalid_Ibadulla"},{"link_name":"KF Barrington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Barrington"},{"link_name":"Lord's","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%27s"},{"link_name":"London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London"},{"link_name":"CS Elliott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Elliott"},{"link_name":"A Jepson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Jepson"},{"link_name":"Saleem Altaf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleem_Altaf"},{"link_name":"Wasim Bari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasim_Bari"}],"sub_title":"First Test","text":"27 July–1 August 1967(5-day match) Scorecard \n\n\n\n\nEngland \n\nv\n\n Pakistan\n\n\n369 (138.3 overs)KF Barrington 148 (310)Mushtaq Mohammad 3/23 (11.3 overs)\n\n\n\n354 (182.1 overs)Hanif Mohammad 187* (556)K Higgs 3/81 (39 overs)\n\n\n241/9d (90.3 overs)BL D'Oliveira 81* (176)Nasim-ul-Ghani 3/32 (13 overs)\n\n\n\n88/3 (62 overs)Khalid Ibadulla 32 (155)KF Barrington 2/23 (13 overs)\n\n\n\nMatch drawnLord's, London Umpires: CS Elliott and A Jepson \n\n\nEngland won the toss and elected to bat.\n30 July was taken as a rest day.\nSaleem Altaf and Wasim Bari (both PAK) made their Test debuts.","title":"Test series summary"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Scorecard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/29/29027.html"},{"link_name":"Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_national_cricket_team"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_cricket_team"},{"link_name":"Saeed Ahmed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeed_Ahmed_(cricketer,_born_1937)"},{"link_name":"K Higgs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Higgs"},{"link_name":"d","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_and_forfeiture"},{"link_name":"KF Barrington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Barrington"},{"link_name":"*","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_out"},{"link_name":"Asif Iqbal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asif_Iqbal_Razvi"},{"link_name":"Niaz Ahmed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niaz_Ahmed_(cricketer)"},{"link_name":"Saeed Ahmed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeed_Ahmed_(cricketer,_born_1937)"},{"link_name":"DL Underwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Underwood"},{"link_name":"MC Cowdrey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Cowdrey"},{"link_name":"*","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_out"},{"link_name":"Trent Bridge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trent_Bridge"},{"link_name":"Nottingham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottingham"},{"link_name":"JS Buller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syd_Buller"},{"link_name":"WFF Price","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Price_(cricketer)"},{"link_name":"GG Arnold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff_Arnold"},{"link_name":"APE Knott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Knott"},{"link_name":"Niaz Ahmed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niaz_Ahmed_(cricketer)"}],"sub_title":"Second Test","text":"10–15 August 1967(5-day match) Scorecard \n\n\n\n\nPakistan \n\nv\n\n England\n\n\n140 (69 overs)Saeed Ahmed 44 (73)K Higgs 4/35 (19 overs)\n\n\n\n252/8d (134.3 overs)KF Barrington 109* (366)Asif Iqbal 2/72 (39 overs)Niaz Ahmed 2/72 (37 overs)\n\n\n114 (64 overs)Saeed Ahmed 68 (153)DL Underwood 5/52 (26 overs)\n\n\n\n3/0 (2.1 overs)MC Cowdrey 2* (2)\n\n\n\nEngland won by 10 wicketsTrent Bridge, Nottingham Umpires: JS Buller and WFF Price \n\n\nPakistan won the toss and elected to bat.\n13 August was taken as a rest day.\nThere was no play on the fourth day.\nGG Arnold and APE Knott (both ENG), and Niaz Ahmed (PAK) made their Test debuts.","title":"Test series summary"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Scorecard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/29/29083.html"},{"link_name":"Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_national_cricket_team"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_cricket_team"},{"link_name":"Mushtaq Mohammad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushtaq_Mohammad"},{"link_name":"GG Arnold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff_Arnold"},{"link_name":"KF Barrington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Barrington"},{"link_name":"Mushtaq Mohammad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushtaq_Mohammad"},{"link_name":"Asif Iqbal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asif_Iqbal_Razvi"},{"link_name":"K Higgs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Higgs"},{"link_name":"KF Barrington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Barrington"},{"link_name":"*","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_out"},{"link_name":"Asif Iqbal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asif_Iqbal_Razvi"},{"link_name":"The Oval","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Oval"},{"link_name":"London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London"},{"link_name":"WFF Price","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Price_(cricketer)"},{"link_name":"H Yarnold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Yarnold"},{"link_name":"Ghulam Abbas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghulam_Abbas_(cricketer)"}],"sub_title":"Third Test","text":"24–28 August 1967(5-day match) Scorecard \n\n\n\n\nPakistan \n\nv\n\n England\n\n\n216 (102 overs)Mushtaq Mohammad 66 (200)GG Arnold 5/58 (29 overs)\n\n\n\n440 (167.4 overs)KF Barrington 142 (289)Mushtaq Mohammad 4/80 (26.4 overs)\n\n\n255 (101.1 overs)Asif Iqbal 146 (244)K Higgs 5/58 (20 overs)\n\n\n\n34/2 (8.2 overs)KF Barrington 13* (14)Asif Iqbal 2/14 (4 overs)\n\n\n\nEngland won by 8 wicketsThe Oval, London Umpires: WFF Price and H Yarnold \n\n\nEngland won the toss and elected to field.\n27 August was taken as a rest day.\nThe match was scheduled for five days but completed in four.\nGhulam Abbas (PAK) made his Test debut.","title":"Test series summary"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"CricketArchive – tour summaries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/Tours_1967.html"}],"text":"CricketArchive – tour summaries","title":"External sources"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Playfair Cricket Annual","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playfair_Cricket_Annual"},{"link_name":"Wisden Cricketers' Almanack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisden_Cricketers%27_Almanack"}],"text":"Playfair Cricket Annual 1968\nWisden Cricketers' Almanack 1968","title":"Annual reviews"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bill Frindall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Frindall"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:International_cricket_tours_of_England"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:International_cricket_tours_of_England"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_cricket_tours_of_England"},{"link_name":"1880","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1880"},{"link_name":"1882","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1882"},{"link_name":"1884","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1884"},{"link_name":"1886","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1886"},{"link_name":"1888","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1888"},{"link_name":"1890","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1890"},{"link_name":"1893","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1893"},{"link_name":"1896","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1896"},{"link_name":"1899","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1899"},{"link_name":"1902","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1902"},{"link_name":"1905","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1905"},{"link_name":"1909","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1909"},{"link_name":"1912","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1912"},{"link_name":"1921","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1921"},{"link_name":"1926","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1926"},{"link_name":"1930","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1930"},{"link_name":"1934","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1934"},{"link_name":"1938","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1938"},{"link_name":"1948","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1948"},{"link_name":"1953","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1953"},{"link_name":"1956","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1956"},{"link_name":"1961","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1961"},{"link_name":"1964","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1964"},{"link_name":"1968","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1968"},{"link_name":"1972","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1972"},{"link_name":"1975","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1975"},{"link_name":"1977","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1977"},{"link_name":"1980","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1980"},{"link_name":"1981","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1981"},{"link_name":"1985","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1985"},{"link_name":"1989","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1989"},{"link_name":"1993","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1993"},{"link_name":"1997","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1997"},{"link_name":"2001","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_2001"},{"link_name":"2005","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_2005"},{"link_name":"2009","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_2009"},{"link_name":"2010","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_2010"},{"link_name":"2012","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_and_Ireland_in_2012"},{"link_name":"2013","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_2013"},{"link_name":"2015","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_and_Ireland_in_2015"},{"link_name":"2018","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_2018"},{"link_name":"2019","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_2019"},{"link_name":"2020","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_2020"},{"link_name":"2023","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_2023"},{"link_name":"2024","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England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(cancelled)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cricket_in_Sri_Lanka#Tour_of_England_in_1968_(cancelled)"},{"link_name":"1975","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_cricket_team_in_England_in_1975&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"1979","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cricket_team_in_England_in_1979"},{"link_name":"1981","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cricket_team_in_England_in_1981"},{"link_name":"1990","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cricket_team_in_England_in_1990"},{"link_name":"1900","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Indian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1900"},{"link_name":"1906","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Indian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1906"},{"link_name":"1923","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Indian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1923"},{"link_name":"1964","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir_Frank_Worrell%27s_XI_in_England_in_1964&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"1982","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_cricket_team_in_England_in_1982"},{"link_name":"1985","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_cricket_team_in_England_in_1985"},{"link_name":"1986","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_cricket_team_in_England_in_1986"},{"link_name":"1990","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_cricket_team_in_England_in_1990"},{"link_name":"1993","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_cricket_team_in_England_in_1993"},{"link_name":"1979","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_ICC_Trophy"},{"link_name":"1982","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_ICC_Trophy"},{"link_name":"1986","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_ICC_Trophy"},{"link_name":"2018","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_MCC_Tri-Nation_Series"},{"link_name":"stub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub"},{"link_name":"expanding it","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pakistani_cricket_team_in_England_in_1967&action=edit"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:England-cricket-tour-stub"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:England-cricket-tour-stub"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:England-cricket-tour-stub"}],"text":"Bill Frindall, The Wisden Book of Test Cricket 1877-1978, Wisden, 1979vteInternational cricket tours of EnglandTest and LOI toursAustralia\n1880\n1882\n1884\n1886\n1888\n1890\n1893\n1896\n1899\n1902\n1905\n1909\n1912\n1921\n1926\n1930\n1934\n1938\n1948\n1953\n1956\n1961\n1964\n1968\n1972\n1975\n1977\n1980\n1981\n1985\n1989\n1993\n1997\n2001\n2005\n2009\n2010\n2012\n2013\n2015\n2018\n2019\n2020\n2023\n2024\nBangladesh\n2005\n2010\nIndia\n1932\n1936\n1946\n1952\n1959\n1967\n1971\n1974\n1979\n1982\n1986\n1990\n1996\n2002\n2004\n2007\n2011\n2014\n2018\n2021\n2022\nIreland\n2017\n2019\n2020\n2023\nNew Zealand\n1931\n1937\n1949\n1958\n1965\n1969\n1973\n1978\n1983\n1986\n1990\n1994\n1999\n2004\n2008\n2013\n2015\n2021\n2022\n2023\nPakistan\n1954\n1962\n1967\n1971\n1974\n1978\n1982\n1987\n1992\n1996\n2001\n2003\n2006\n2010\n2016\n2018\n2019\n2020\n2021\n2024\nSouth Africa\n1907\n1912\n1924\n1929\n1935\n1947\n1951\n1955\n1960\n1965\n1970 (cancelled)\n1994\n1998\n2003\n2008\n2012\n2017\n2022\nSri Lanka\n1984\n1988\n1991\n1998\n2002\n2006\n2011\n2014\n2016\n2021\nWest Indies\n1928\n1933\n1939\n1950\n1957\n1963\n1966\n1969\n1973\n1976\n1980\n1984\n1988\n1991\n1995\n2000\n2004\n2007\n2009\n2011\n2012\n2017\n2020\nZimbabwe\n2000\n2003\n2025\nMajor tournaments hostedMultiple teams\n1912\n1975\n1979\n1983\n1999\n2000\n2001\n2002\n2003\n2004\n2004\n2005\n2009\n2013\n2017\n2019\nOther toursAustralian\n1868\n1878\n1919\n1945\n1988\n2009\n2018\nCanadian\n1954\nIndian\n1911\nMulti-team\n1932\n1970\n1972\n1975\n1987\nNew Zealand\n1927\n1945\nParsis\n1886\n1888\nPhiladelphian\n1884\n1889\n1897\n1903\n1908\nSouth African\n1894\n1901\n1904\n1961\nSri Lankan\n1968 (cancelled)\n1975\n1979\n1981\n1990\nWest Indian\n1900\n1906\n1923\n1964\nZimbabwean\n1982\n1985\n1986\n1990\n1993\nOther tournaments hostedMultiple teams\n1979\n1982\n1986\n2018This article about an international cricket tour of England is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"Link":"https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/28/28973.html","external_links_name":"Scorecard"},{"Link":"https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/29/29027.html","external_links_name":"Scorecard"},{"Link":"https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/29/29083.html","external_links_name":"Scorecard"},{"Link":"http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/Tours_1967.html","external_links_name":"CricketArchive – tour summaries"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pakistani_cricket_team_in_England_in_1967&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayne_Mansfield%27s_Car
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Jayne Mansfield's Car
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["1 Plot","2 Cast","3 Reception","4 References","5 External links"]
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2012 American filmJayne Mansfield's CarTheatrical release posterDirected byBilly Bob ThorntonWritten byBilly Bob ThorntonTom EppersonProduced byAlexander Rodnyansky Geyer KosinskiStarringRobert DuvallJohn HurtBilly Bob ThorntonKevin BaconRobert PatrickRay StevensonKatherine LaNasaFrances O'ConnorCinematographyBarry MarkowitzEdited byLauren ZuckermanMusic byOwen Easterling HatfieldProductioncompaniesA.R. FilmsAldamisa EntertainmentMedia Talent GroupDistributed byAnchor Bay FilmsAldamisa ReleasingRelease dates
February 13, 2012 (2012-02-13) (Berlin)
September 13, 2013 (2013-09-13) (United States)
Running time122 minutesCountriesUnited StatesRussiaLanguageEnglishBox office$79,178
Jayne Mansfield's Car is a 2012 drama film directed by Billy Bob Thornton, marking his first fiction directing job since 2000's All the Pretty Horses. Thornton also stars alongside Robert Duvall, John Hurt, Kevin Bacon, Ray Stevenson, Frances O'Connor, Ron White, and Robert Patrick. The film had its world premiere at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival in February 2012. The film was released in limited release on September 13, 2013.
One of the locations in which the movie was shot is Cedartown, Georgia, USA. Exterior home shots were filmed in Troup County, Georgia, while additional scenes were shot in Decatur, Georgia. For the Greek Revival home, the interior shots were filmed at The Bailey-Tebault House located in Griffin, Georgia.
Plot
The film is set in 1969 Morrison, Alabama. The Caldwell family includes three World War II veterans, their sister Donna, and a patriarch, Jim, who is a World War I veteran. The Caldwells are involved in a cultural clash with the Bedfords, a family which includes Phillip, a World War II veteran, his sister Camilla, and their father Kingsley, also a World War I veteran.
The Bedfords are a London family in Morrison for the funeral of Kingsley's wife, who is the ex-wife of Jim Caldwell and the mother of Caldwell's children. Duvall described the film in an interview as "putting Tennessee Williams in the back seat".
The film's title refers to the automobile in which movie star Jayne Mansfield was supposedly decapitated in 1967. When a nearby town has a side show displaying the vehicle, Jim Caldwell takes Kingsley Bedford along to gawk at the grisly artifact.
Cast
Robert Duvall as Jim Caldwell
John Hurt as Kingsley Bedford
Billy Bob Thornton as Skip Caldwell
Kevin Bacon as Carroll Caldwell
Robert Patrick as Jimbo Caldwell
Ray Stevenson as Phillip Bedford
Frances O'Connor as Camilla Bedford
Katherine LaNasa as Donna Baron
Marshall Allman as Alan Caldwell
Shawnee Smith as Vicky Caldwell
John Patrick Amedori as Mickey Caldwell
Ron White as Neil Barron
Irma P. Hall as Dorothy Lambert
Carissa Capobianco as April Barron
Karli Barnett as Autumn Barron
Tippi Hedren as Naomi Caldwell (uncredited; her scenes were cut)
Reception
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 35% of 37 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The website's consensus reads: "Jayne Mansfield's Car assembles an impressive number of talented actors, but the screenplay — co-written by director and star Billy Bob Thornton — never gives them much of anything to do." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 48 out of 100, based on 18 critics, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.
PopMatters contributor J.C. Macek III found criticism in Thornton's unfocused direction of the multiple stories and the screenplay being more suited for a mini-series than a condensed two hour film filled with vignettes. He did however give praise to the performances for adding substance to their given arcs, singling out Bacon, O'Connor and White as the highlights. Norm Schrager from Paste commended Thornton's direction for bringing out great performances from the cast and his scenes having competent execution but felt the film overall suffered from "a distinctive lack of cohesiveness" throughout the script in its handling of plot concepts and themes, concluding that: "here's something here. It just needs a clearer road to travel." Alonso Duralde of TheWrap also voiced problems with Thornton and Epperson's screenplay, calling it "too sprawling and tidy" with its generational family drama and misuse of plot devices towards the third act. Claudia Puig of USA Today felt the familial themes were elevated by "intriguingly impressionistic cinematography and a strong ensemble cast", but criticized the characterization of both families for containing stereotypical rednecks and stuffy aristocrats that conduct "tedious monologues and theatrical speechifying" and the misuse of the film's title for lacking "insight and depth." She concluded that: "Self-indulgent, heavy-handed and lumbering, Jayne Mansfield's Car is not a wreck, but it's certainly a vehicle for boredom."
References
^ a b "Jayne Mansfield's Car". ComingSoon.net. Mandatory. Archived from the original on January 22, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
^ "Jayne Mansfield's Car". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (June 14, 2011). "Billy Bob Thornton Sets Cast, Funding For First Directing Effort In Decade". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
^ Press Office (January 9, 2012). "Taviani, Petzold and Billy Bob Thornton: World Premieres in the Competition and Angelina Jolie's Directorial Debut in the New Cinema at the 'Haus der Berliner Festspiele'". Annual Archives: 2012. Berlin International Film Festival. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
^ Christine (June 4, 2011). "UPDATE: 'Jayne Mansfield's Car' set to shoot in Cedartown, GA, Extras Needed". On Location Vacations. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
^ a b Staff Reports (June 24, 2011). "Movie crew to film in Troup". LaGrange Daily News. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
^ Varela, Anna (July 5, 2011). "Billy Bob Thornton, Kevin Bacon Shoot Film in Decatur". Decatur-Avondale Estates Patch. Patch Media. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
^ Chadwick, Will (June 15, 2011). "Robert Duvall cast in Billy Bob Thornton's film Jayne Mansfield's Car". We Got This Covered. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
^ Radish, Christina (September 14, 2013). "Billy Bob Thornton Talks JAYNE MANSFIELD'S CAR, Getting Back in the Director's Chair, BAD SANTA 2, FX's FARGO Miniseries, and More". Collider. Complex Media. Archived from the original on January 3, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
^ "Jayne Mansfield's Car". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
^ "Jayne Mansfield's Car". Metacritic. Fandom, Inc. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
^ Macek III, J.C. (February 14, 2014). "'Jayne Mansfield's Car' at the Fringe of the Family". PopMatters. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
^ Schrager, Norm (September 26, 2013). "Jayne Mansfield's Car". Paste. Wolfgang's Vault. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
^ Duralde, Alonso (September 13, 2013). "'Jayne Mansfield's Car' Review: Overloaded Star Vehicle Tends to Drag". TheWrap. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
^ Puig, Claudia (September 12, 2013). "Family Drama 'Jayne Mansfield's Car' stalls out". USA Today. Gannett. Archived from the original on November 9, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
External links
Jayne Mansfield's Car at IMDb
Jayne Mansfield's Car at Rotten Tomatoes
Jayne Mansfield's Car at Metacritic
Jayne Mansfield's Car at Box Office Mojo
vteBilly Bob Thornton
Discography
Filmography
Awards
Studio albums
Private Radio (2001)
The Edge of the World (2003)
Hobo (2005)
Beautiful Door (2007)
Other albums
Enjoy Every Sandwich: The Songs of Warren Zevon (2004)
Twistable, Turnable Man: A Musical Tribute to the Songs of Shel Silverstein (2010)
Films directed
Sling Blade (1996)
All the Pretty Horses (2000)
Daddy and Them (2001)
Jayne Mansfield's Car (2012)
Related articles
The Boxmasters
Cynda Williams (ex-wife)
Angelina Jolie (ex-wife)
vteJayne Mansfield
Performances
In popular culture
Family
Mickey Hargitay
Jayne Marie Mansfield
Mariska Hargitay
Matt Cimber
Publicity
Jayne Mansfield–Sophia Loren photo
Jayne Mansfield's Pink Palace
Jayne Mansfield's leopard spot bikini
Works on Mansfield
The Wild, Wild World of Jayne Mansfield
Mansfield 66/67
Jayne Mansfield's Car
The Jayne Mansfield Story
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Thornton also stars alongside Robert Duvall, John Hurt, Kevin Bacon, Ray Stevenson, Frances O'Connor, Ron White, and Robert Patrick.[3] The film had its world premiere at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival in February 2012.[4] The film was released in limited release on September 13, 2013.[1]One of the locations in which the movie was shot is Cedartown, Georgia, USA.[5] Exterior home shots were filmed in Troup County, Georgia,[6] while additional scenes were shot in Decatur, Georgia.[7] For the Greek Revival home, the interior shots were filmed at The Bailey-Tebault House located in Griffin, Georgia.[6]","title":"Jayne Mansfield's Car"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alabama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"World War I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"},{"link_name":"London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London"},{"link_name":"Tennessee Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_Williams"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wegotthiscovered.com-8"},{"link_name":"Jayne Mansfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayne_Mansfield"},{"link_name":"supposedly decapitated","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayne_Mansfield#Death"}],"text":"The film is set in 1969 Morrison, Alabama. The Caldwell family includes three World War II veterans, their sister Donna, and a patriarch, Jim, who is a World War I veteran. The Caldwells are involved in a cultural clash with the Bedfords, a family which includes Phillip, a World War II veteran, his sister Camilla, and their father Kingsley, also a World War I veteran.The Bedfords are a London family in Morrison for the funeral of Kingsley's wife, who is the ex-wife of Jim Caldwell and the mother of Caldwell's children. Duvall described the film in an interview as \"putting Tennessee Williams in the back seat\".[8]The film's title refers to the automobile in which movie star Jayne Mansfield was supposedly decapitated in 1967. When a nearby town has a side show displaying the vehicle, Jim Caldwell takes Kingsley Bedford along to gawk at the grisly artifact.","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Robert Duvall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Duvall"},{"link_name":"John Hurt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hurt"},{"link_name":"Billy Bob Thornton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Bob_Thornton"},{"link_name":"Kevin Bacon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Bacon"},{"link_name":"Robert Patrick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Patrick"},{"link_name":"Ray Stevenson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Stevenson"},{"link_name":"Frances O'Connor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_O%27Connor"},{"link_name":"Katherine LaNasa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_LaNasa"},{"link_name":"Marshall Allman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Allman"},{"link_name":"Shawnee Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawnee_Smith"},{"link_name":"John Patrick Amedori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Patrick_Amedori"},{"link_name":"Ron White","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_White"},{"link_name":"Irma P. Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irma_P._Hall"},{"link_name":"Tippi Hedren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tippi_Hedren"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"Robert Duvall as Jim Caldwell\nJohn Hurt as Kingsley Bedford\nBilly Bob Thornton as Skip Caldwell\nKevin Bacon as Carroll Caldwell\nRobert Patrick as Jimbo Caldwell\nRay Stevenson as Phillip Bedford\nFrances O'Connor as Camilla Bedford\nKatherine LaNasa as Donna Baron\nMarshall Allman as Alan Caldwell\nShawnee Smith as Vicky Caldwell\nJohn Patrick Amedori as Mickey Caldwell\nRon White as Neil Barron\nIrma P. Hall as Dorothy Lambert\nCarissa Capobianco as April Barron\nKarli Barnett as Autumn Barron\nTippi Hedren as Naomi Caldwell (uncredited; her scenes were cut)[9]","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"review aggregator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Review_aggregator"},{"link_name":"Rotten Tomatoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Rotten_Tomatoes-10"},{"link_name":"Metacritic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacritic"},{"link_name":"weighted average","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_average"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Metacritic-11"},{"link_name":"PopMatters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PopMatters"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Paste","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paste_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Alonso Duralde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alonso_Duralde"},{"link_name":"TheWrap","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheWrap"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"USA Today","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 35% of 37 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The website's consensus reads: \"Jayne Mansfield's Car assembles an impressive number of talented actors, but the screenplay — co-written by director and star Billy Bob Thornton — never gives them much of anything to do.\"[10] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 48 out of 100, based on 18 critics, indicating \"mixed or average\" reviews.[11]PopMatters contributor J.C. Macek III found criticism in Thornton's unfocused direction of the multiple stories and the screenplay being more suited for a mini-series than a condensed two hour film filled with vignettes. He did however give praise to the performances for adding substance to their given arcs, singling out Bacon, O'Connor and White as the highlights.[12] Norm Schrager from Paste commended Thornton's direction for bringing out great performances from the cast and his scenes having competent execution but felt the film overall suffered from \"a distinctive lack of cohesiveness\" throughout the script in its handling of plot concepts and themes, concluding that: \"[T]here's something here. It just needs a clearer road to travel.\"[13] Alonso Duralde of TheWrap also voiced problems with Thornton and Epperson's screenplay, calling it \"too sprawling and [too] tidy\" with its generational family drama and misuse of plot devices towards the third act.[14] Claudia Puig of USA Today felt the familial themes were elevated by \"intriguingly impressionistic cinematography and a strong ensemble cast\", but criticized the characterization of both families for containing stereotypical rednecks and stuffy aristocrats that conduct \"tedious monologues and theatrical speechifying\" and the misuse of the film's title for lacking \"insight and depth.\" She concluded that: \"Self-indulgent, heavy-handed and lumbering, Jayne Mansfield's Car is not a wreck, but it's certainly a vehicle for boredom.\"[15]","title":"Reception"}]
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Retrieved August 22, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://collider.com/billy-bob-thornton-jayne-mansfields-car-bad-santa-2-interview/","url_text":"\"Billy Bob Thornton Talks JAYNE MANSFIELD'S CAR, Getting Back in the Director's Chair, BAD SANTA 2, FX's FARGO Miniseries, and More\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collider_(website)","url_text":"Collider"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_(magazine)","url_text":"Complex Media"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200103151259/https://collider.com/billy-bob-thornton-jayne-mansfields-car-bad-santa-2-interview/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Jayne Mansfield's Car\". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. 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Retrieved June 15, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2013/09/12/jayne-mansfields-car-review/2802843/","url_text":"\"Family Drama 'Jayne Mansfield's Car' stalls out\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today","url_text":"USA Today"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gannett","url_text":"Gannett"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191109150832/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2013/09/12/jayne-mansfields-car-review/2802843/","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140122231753/http://www.comingsoon.net/films.php?id=92893","external_links_name":"\"Jayne Mansfield's Car\""},{"Link":"https://www.comingsoon.net/films.php?id=92893","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=jaynemansfieldscar.htm","external_links_name":"\"Jayne Mansfield's Car\""},{"Link":"https://www.deadline.com/2011/06/billy-bob-thornton-sets-cast-funding-for-first-directing-effort-in-decade/","external_links_name":"\"Billy Bob Thornton Sets Cast, Funding For First Directing Effort In Decade\""},{"Link":"https://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/2012/08_pressemitteilungen_2012/08_pressemitteilungen_2012detail_12436.html","external_links_name":"\"Taviani, Petzold and Billy Bob Thornton: World Premieres in the Competition and Angelina Jolie's Directorial Debut in the New Cinema at the 'Haus der Berliner Festspiele'\""},{"Link":"http://www.onlocationvacations.com/2011/06/04/jayne-mansfields-car-set-to-shoot-in-cedartown-ga-extras-needed/","external_links_name":"\"UPDATE: 'Jayne Mansfield's Car' set to shoot in Cedartown, GA, Extras Needed\""},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20130127122656/http://www.lagrangenews.com/view/full_story/14461730/article-Movie-crew-to-film-in-Troup?","external_links_name":"\"Movie crew to film in Troup\""},{"Link":"http://www.lagrangenews.com/view/full_story/14461730/article-Movie-crew-to-film-in-Troup?","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://decatur.patch.com/articles/film-crew-comes-to-decatur","external_links_name":"\"Billy Bob Thornton, Kevin Bacon Shoot Film in Decatur\""},{"Link":"https://wegotthiscovered.com/movies/robert-duvall-cast-in-billy-bob-thorntons-film-jayne-mansfields-car/","external_links_name":"\"Robert Duvall cast in Billy Bob Thornton's film Jayne Mansfield's Car\""},{"Link":"https://collider.com/billy-bob-thornton-jayne-mansfields-car-bad-santa-2-interview/","external_links_name":"\"Billy Bob Thornton Talks JAYNE MANSFIELD'S CAR, Getting Back in the Director's Chair, BAD SANTA 2, FX's FARGO Miniseries, and More\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200103151259/https://collider.com/billy-bob-thornton-jayne-mansfields-car-bad-santa-2-interview/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jayne_mansfields_car","external_links_name":"\"Jayne Mansfield's Car\""},{"Link":"https://www.metacritic.com/movie/jayne-mansfields-car","external_links_name":"\"Jayne Mansfield's Car\""},{"Link":"https://www.popmatters.com/179006-jayne-mansfields-car-2495688687.html","external_links_name":"\"'Jayne Mansfield's Car' at the Fringe of the Family\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201008092615/https://www.popmatters.com/179006-jayne-mansfields-car-2495688687.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.pastemagazine.com/movies/jayne-mansfields-car/","external_links_name":"\"Jayne Mansfield's Car\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201008092612/https://www.pastemagazine.com/movies/jayne-mansfields-car/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.thewrap.com/jayne-mansfields-car-review-overloaded-star-vehicle-tends-to-drag/","external_links_name":"\"'Jayne Mansfield's Car' Review: Overloaded Star Vehicle Tends to Drag\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200212174346/https://www.thewrap.com/jayne-mansfields-car-review-overloaded-star-vehicle-tends-to-drag/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2013/09/12/jayne-mansfields-car-review/2802843/","external_links_name":"\"Family Drama 'Jayne Mansfield's Car' stalls out\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191109150832/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2013/09/12/jayne-mansfields-car-review/2802843/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1781840/","external_links_name":"Jayne Mansfield's Car"},{"Link":"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jayne_mansfields_car","external_links_name":"Jayne Mansfield's Car"},{"Link":"https://www.metacritic.com/movie/jayne-mansfields-car","external_links_name":"Jayne Mansfield's Car"},{"Link":"https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=jaynemansfieldscar.htm","external_links_name":"Jayne Mansfield's Car"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Deuce
|
The Deuce (transit bus service)
|
["1 Background","2 Fleet","3 References","4 External links"]
|
A 2007 Deuce bus making its first-run debut at the South Strip Transfer Terminal.ParentRegional Transportation Commission of Southern NevadaFoundedOctober 27, 2005 Deuce serviceHeadquartersSMF LocaleLas VegasService areaLas Vegas StripService typeTourist RouteAllianceRTC TransitStationsSSTT & BTCFleet40 Double Stair Alexander Dennis Enviro500sDaily ridership11647 (2021)Fuel typeDieselOperatorKeolis Transit America
The Deuce is a transit bus service serving the Las Vegas metropolitan area. Operated by RTC Transit, it began service on October 27, 2005. Originally The Deuce meant four things: (1) buses on the route were double decked; (2) the one-way fare was $2; (3) the route served the two primary gaming areas, the Strip and Downtown; and (4) the first batch of vehicles bought primarily for the service were assigned fleet numbers starting with "2". Although the double decker buses also serve other local routes and the price is no longer $2, the name The Deuce on the Strip is used by RTC to emphasize that the route refers to just the tourist route. In 2022, The Deuce had an annual ridership of 4,251,482. The Deuce operates 24 hours a day.
Background
Before the Deuce's debut, the Las Vegas Strip corridor was served by route 301, which ran between Downtown Las Vegas and the former Vacation Village resort. It was also accompanied by its express counterpart, route 302. (When the transit authority was branded as Citizens Area Transit (or CAT), it categorized routes serving the Strip under the 300's.)
In March 2010 a new bus rapid transit line connecting the Strip to downtown Las Vegas and Town Square and the South Strip Transfer Terminal became operational. This new 11 mile service was called ACE Gold Line and is similar to the Metropolitan Area Express BRT Line which had been operating since June 30, 2004. Due to a lawsuit by Ace Cab, the line was rebranded as the Gold Line. On November 7, 2010, it was rebranded to be known as the Strip and Downtown Express (SDX). The SDX bus was discontinued due to impacts to revenue from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Previously, RTC planned to shorten The Deuce on the Strip from the current 9.3 miles to just the 5 miles of the Strip from Mandalay Bay Casino to Palace Station on Sahara Avenue. This would have been the first time in 45 years (including Las Vegas Transit System) that the main Strip corridor route had undergone a major route change and be shortened. However, the first week of the service change, the northern portion of the route was reinstated with buses continuing to serve the Downtown Transportation Center, while still ending at Mandalay Bay the hours that the SDX operated. When the SDX was cancelled, buses returned to the Deuce's original route, from South Strip Transit Terminal to Fremont Street.
As of 2020, the fare for the Las Vegas Strip is $6 for a two-hour pass, $8 for a 24-hour pass, or $20 for a 72-hour pass.
Fleet
An Original 200 Series Deuce bus on the Nellis route 115 loading a wheelchair.
The route operates using Alexander Dennis Enviro500 vehicles built by the British manufacturer Alexander Dennis. They each seat 27 people on the lower deck, 53 on the upper deck, and are 42 feet long. RTC Transit is one of six transit agencies that operate double-decker buses in the United States for fixed-route services, the others being Unitrans of Davis, California; Community Transit of Snohomish County, Washington; Antelope Valley Transit Authority of Palmdale, California and Lancaster, California; Foothill Transit of the San Gabriel Valley in Greater Los Angeles; and SLO Transit of San Luis Obispo, CA. All six of the agencies reside on the west coast.
In 2006, the RTC announced that they purchased 40 more double-deckers that arrived in Spring 2007, and another 40 that arrived in 2008. These new vehicles replaced the original 50 that have been serving the Strip. The original vehicles were reassigned to local routes (height permitting). These new Deuces are special in that they have 2 staircases, one in the current position, and a second one in the back. They are also 2 feet longer than the present double deckers, and have earned the nickname "Superdeuce."
Since January 2008, 80 new double deckers have arrived with half of that order featuring the reconfigured 42 ft, double staircase bus. The double staircase buses are assigned mostly to The Strip, while some, as well as all of the 40 ft double deckers are assigned to local routes. Although rare, some of the 40 ft vehicles will find their way onto The Strip route as a last resort.
References
^ Hawks, John; Higgins, Tom (2008-11-04). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Las Vegas. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-59257-804-7.
^ Wood, Crystal; Koepp, Leah (2011-09-14). Explorer's Guide Las Vegas: A Great Destination (Explorer's Great Destinations). The Countryman Press. ISBN 978-1-58157-910-9.
^ "RTC: Transit service changes now in effect". KLAS. 2020-10-02. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
^ http://www.rtcsouthernnevada.com/transit/transitguide/TransitGuide(3-28-10).pdf
External links
Deuce on The Strip route map
vteLas Vegas StripSouth end
Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign
West sidecasinos
Aria
Bellagio
Caesars Palace
Circus Circus
Cosmopolitan
Excalibur
Luxor
Mandalay Bay
The Mirage
New York-New York
Park MGM
Resorts World
Slots-A-Fun
The Strat
Treasure Island
East sidecasinos
Casino Royale
Cromwell
Dream (under construction)
Encore
Flamingo
Fontainebleau
Harrah's
Horseshoe
The Linq
MGM Grand
O'Sheas
Palazzo
Paris
Planet Hollywood
Sahara
Venetian
Wynn
Formercasinos
Aladdin
Boardwalk
Castaways
Desert Inn
Dunes
El Rancho
El Rancho Vegas
Hacienda
Klondike
Marina
New Frontier
Riviera
Royal Nevada
Sands
Silver City
Silver Slipper
Stardust
Tropicana
Thunderbird
Westward Ho
Otherattractions
Adventuredome
Big Apple Coaster
Fountains of Bellagio
High Roller
Las Vegas Grand Prix
Pinball Hall of Fame
Shark Reef Aquarium
Skyvue (canceled)
Walk of Stars
Venues
MGM Grand Garden Arena
Michelob Ultra Arena
Sphere
T-Mobile Arena
Dolby Live
The Colosseum at Caesars Palace
Bakkt Theater
Resorts World Theatre
New Las Vegas Stadium (future)
Shopping
63
Crystals
Fashion Show Mall
The Forum Shops
Grand Canal Shoppes
Harmon Corner
Miracle Mile Shops
Showcase Mall
Transportation
Transportation in Las Vegas
Aria Express
The Deuce
Las Vegas Monorail
Mandalay Bay Tram
Mirage-Treasure Island Tram
RTC Transit
Las Vegas Convention Center Loop
Harry Reid International Airport
Related
List of Las Vegas Strip hotels
2017 shooting
Paradise, Nevada
2022 stabbing spree
Tropicana – Las Vegas Boulevard intersection
Winchester, Nevada
Strip Gaming Area
Nevada portal
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"transit bus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_bus"},{"link_name":"Las Vegas metropolitan area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_metropolitan_area"},{"link_name":"RTC Transit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTC_Transit"},{"link_name":"double decked","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-decker_bus"},{"link_name":"fare","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fare"},{"link_name":"Strip","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Strip"},{"link_name":"Downtown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Las_Vegas"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"The Deuce is a transit bus service serving the Las Vegas metropolitan area. Operated by RTC Transit, it began service on October 27, 2005. Originally The Deuce meant four things: (1) buses on the route were double decked; (2) the one-way fare was $2; (3) the route served the two primary gaming areas, the Strip and Downtown; and (4) the first batch of vehicles bought primarily for the service were assigned fleet numbers starting with \"2\". Although the double decker buses also serve other local routes and the price is no longer $2, the name The Deuce on the Strip is used by RTC to emphasize that the route refers to just the tourist route.[1][2] In 2022, The Deuce had an annual ridership of 4,251,482. The Deuce operates 24 hours a day.","title":"The Deuce (transit bus service)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"bus rapid transit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit"},{"link_name":"Metropolitan Area Express BRT Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_Express_BRT_Line"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Las Vegas Transit System","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Transit_System"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Before the Deuce's debut, the Las Vegas Strip corridor was served by route 301, which ran between Downtown Las Vegas and the former Vacation Village resort. It was also accompanied by its express counterpart, route 302. (When the transit authority was branded as Citizens Area Transit (or CAT), it categorized routes serving the Strip under the 300's.)In March 2010 a new bus rapid transit line connecting the Strip to downtown Las Vegas and Town Square and the South Strip Transfer Terminal became operational. This new 11 mile service was called ACE Gold Line and is similar to the Metropolitan Area Express BRT Line which had been operating since June 30, 2004. Due to a lawsuit by Ace Cab, the line was rebranded as the Gold Line. On November 7, 2010, it was rebranded to be known as the Strip and Downtown Express (SDX). The SDX bus was discontinued due to impacts to revenue from the COVID-19 pandemic.[3]Previously, RTC planned to shorten The Deuce on the Strip from the current 9.3 miles to just the 5 miles of the Strip from Mandalay Bay Casino to Palace Station on Sahara Avenue. This would have been the first time in 45 years (including Las Vegas Transit System) that the main Strip corridor route had undergone a major route change and be shortened. However, the first week of the service change, the northern portion of the route was reinstated with buses continuing to serve the Downtown Transportation Center, while still ending at Mandalay Bay the hours that the SDX operated.[4] When the SDX was cancelled, buses returned to the Deuce's original route, from South Strip Transit Terminal to Fremont Street.As of 2020, the fare for the Las Vegas Strip is $6 for a two-hour pass, $8 for a 24-hour pass, or $20 for a 72-hour pass.","title":"Background"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RTC_Transit_Enviro500_249.jpg"},{"link_name":"Alexander Dennis Enviro500","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dennis_Enviro500"},{"link_name":"Alexander Dennis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dennis"},{"link_name":"Unitrans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitrans"},{"link_name":"Davis, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis,_California"},{"link_name":"Community Transit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Transit"},{"link_name":"Snohomish County, Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snohomish_County,_Washington"},{"link_name":"Antelope Valley Transit Authority","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antelope_Valley_Transit_Authority"},{"link_name":"Palmdale, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmdale,_California"},{"link_name":"Lancaster, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster,_California"},{"link_name":"Foothill Transit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foothill_Transit"},{"link_name":"San Gabriel Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley"},{"link_name":"Greater Los Angeles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles"},{"link_name":"SLO Transit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLO_Transit"},{"link_name":"San Luis Obispo, CA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo,_CA"},{"link_name":"RTC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Transportation_Commission_of_Southern_Nevada"}],"text":"An Original 200 Series Deuce bus on the Nellis route 115 loading a wheelchair.The route operates using Alexander Dennis Enviro500 vehicles built by the British manufacturer Alexander Dennis. They each seat 27 people on the lower deck, 53 on the upper deck, and are 42 feet long. RTC Transit is one of six transit agencies that operate double-decker buses in the United States for fixed-route services, the others being Unitrans of Davis, California; Community Transit of Snohomish County, Washington; Antelope Valley Transit Authority of Palmdale, California and Lancaster, California; Foothill Transit of the San Gabriel Valley in Greater Los Angeles; and SLO Transit of San Luis Obispo, CA. All six of the agencies reside on the west coast.In 2006, the RTC announced that they purchased 40 more double-deckers that arrived in Spring 2007, and another 40 that arrived in 2008. These new vehicles replaced the original 50 that have been serving the Strip. The original vehicles were reassigned to local routes (height permitting). These new Deuces are special in that they have 2 staircases, one in the current position, and a second one in the back. They are also 2 feet longer than the present double deckers, and have earned the nickname \"Superdeuce.\"Since January 2008, 80 new double deckers have arrived with half of that order featuring the reconfigured 42 ft, double staircase bus. The double staircase buses are assigned mostly to The Strip, while some, as well as all of the 40 ft double deckers are assigned to local routes. Although rare, some of the 40 ft vehicles will find their way onto The Strip route as a last resort.","title":"Fleet"}]
|
[{"image_text":"An Original 200 Series Deuce bus on the Nellis route 115 loading a wheelchair.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/RTC_Transit_Enviro500_249.jpg/220px-RTC_Transit_Enviro500_249.jpg"}]
| null |
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|
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|
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